anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Prednisone (17 alpha, 21-dihydroxypregna-1, 4-diene-3, 11, 20-trione) is commercially formulated as the acetate salt (prednisone 21-acetate). It is a biologically inert glucocorticoid, which is converted to active prednisolone in the liver.
Subjects assigned to this arm received sham rTMS followed by active rTMS at 1Hz and then active rTMS at 10 Hz. Each treatment consisted of a four-day trial with no less than 21 days separating each condition. Subjects receive sham stimulation first to prevent carry forward effects of the active treatment condition into the sham condition.
Shared decision-making (SDM) involving patient and physician is a desirable goal that is recommended in chronic pain management guidelines. This study measured whether SDM affects opioid prescribing frequency for chronic low back pain. A retrospective cohort study involving 1,478 participants was conducted within a national pain research registry. The patient participation and patient orientation (PPPO) scale of the Communication Behavior Questionnaire was used to measure SDM, including the classification of greater SDM (PPPO scale score ≥ 80) or lesser SDM (PPPO scale score < 80). Opioid prescribing frequency was measured at quarterly intervals from enrollment through 12 months. Baseline and longitudinal covariates were collected to adjust for potential confounding using generalized estimating equations. The mean age of participants was 53.1 (SD, 13.2) years, and 1,098 (74.3%) were female. A total of 473 (32.0%) participants were prescribed opioids at baseline. Participants completed 5,968 encounters wherein multivariable analyses demonstrated that PPPO scale scores were associated with more frequent opioid prescribing (β = .013; 95% CI, .005-.021; P < .001). Greater SDM was associated with more frequent opioid prescribing than lesser SDM (β = .441; 95% CI, .160-.722; P = .002). Opioids were prescribed in 34.3% versus 25.2% of encounters with greater versus lesser SDM (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.17-2.06). SDM remained associated with more frequent opioid prescribing in a series of sensitivity analyses. Although SDM is desirable in chronic pain management, complex issues and challenging patient conversations may arise during serial assessments of the appropriateness of opioid therapy. Physicians need better education and training to address such difficult situations. PERSPECTIVE: The more frequent use of opioid therapy among patients who reported greater SDM with their physicians underscores the need for better medical education and training in dealing with the complex issues and challenges pertaining to serial assessments of the appropriateness of opioid therapy for chronic pain.
An inhaler 2 dispenses a dosage of one or more inhalable therapeutic agents to a user, and has a sensor module 4 (and fig. 22) to detect one or more biomarkers present in gases expired by the user. The biomarkers are selected from: ketones; volatile organic compounds (VOC) including saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, sulphur-containing VOC and nitrogen-containing VOC; nitric oxide; dimethyl sulphide; ethanol; acetaldehyde; short chain alkanes (e.g. ethane and/or pentane); and cyclic monoterpenes, e.g. limonene. The sensor module 4 may be removably attached to the inhaler, and measurementoccurs during exhalation. The inhaler may have other sensors to measure e.g. ambient condition, cardon monoxide, flow rate, and may include a display 18. The inhaler may include a variable dose delivery system which provides a personalised dosage based on user need (e.g. severity of condition). Sensor module data may be used in the determination of dosage. A validation system to identify when an inhalation event has occurred may be provided.
Verofilcon A contact lenses worn first, with somofilcon A contact lenses worn second, as randomized. Each study lens type will be worn bilaterally (in both eyes) for 8 days in a daily disposable modality.
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a pivotal role in cancer therapeutics, with small-molecule EGFR inhibitors emerging as significant agents in combating this disease. This review explores the synthesis and clinical utilization of EGFR inhibitors, starting with the indispensable role of EGFR in oncogenesis and emphasizing the intricate molecular aspects of the EGFR-signaling pathway. It subsequently provides information on the structural characteristics of representative small-molecule EGFR inhibitors in the clinic. The synthetic methods and associated challenges pertaining to these compounds are thoroughly examined, along with innovative strategies to overcome these obstacles. Furthermore, the review discusses the clinical applications of FDA-approved EGFR inhibitors such as erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, and osimertinib across various cancer types and their corresponding clinical outcomes. Additionally, it addresses the emergence of resistance mechanisms and potential counterstrategies. Taken together, this review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical scientists interested in comprehending the current landscape of small-molecule EGFR inhibitors.
More than 75% of the 800,000 people who annually suffer stroke exhibit persistent arm/hand hemiparesis restricting independence thus burdening caregivers. Arm motor skill can recover if the rehabilitation program provides an adequate "dose" of repetitive movement practice. However, the vast majority of stroke survivors lack the proper practice-dose because the duration of inpatient stroke rehabilitation is limited by cost, or residence in medically underserved rural settings. To meet the pressing need for innovative cost-effective rehabilitation options, the investigators developed, tested and licensed a prototype virtual environment (VE) for post-stroke arm rehabilitation. Its custom built design motivates extended practice of specific arm motor skills known to improve quality of life. Excitingly, practice sessions do not require direct therapist supervision. Published pilot data demonstrated improved real-world arm movement after VE training. These promising initial results led to software upgrades that will now enable installation and testing in the primary markets for this technology; stroke rehabilitation hospitals, and patients' homes. The overall goal for this small pilot study is to test the feasibility of self-directed VE practice in these settings measured by movement repetitions and motor skill improvement. To that end, this project will address the following Specific Aims (1) Determine the number of daily movement repetitions and treatment effect achieved by inpatients in a stroke rehabilitation hospital who self-direct VE practice sessions during non-therapy hours (evenings, weekends) compared to standard evening activities; and (2) Determine the number of daily movement repetitions and treatment effect achieved by in-home stroke survivors who self-direct daily VE practice sessions compared to a group of in-home survivors with a standard self-directed exercise program.
Pediatric Patients (6 to 18 years)

The recommended dosage range for Tourette’s Disorder is 5 to 20 mg/day.

For patients weighing less than 50 kg, dosing should be initiated at 2 mg/day with a target dose of 5 mg/day after 2 days. The dose can be increased to 10 mg/day in patients who do not achieve optimal control of tics. Dosage adjustments should occur gradually at intervals of no less than one week.

For patients weighing 50 kg or more, dosing should be initiated at 2 mg/day for 2 days, and then increased to 5 mg/day for 5 days, with a target dose of 10 mg/day on Day 8. The dose can be increased up to 20 mg/day for patients who do not achieve optimal control of tics. Dosage adjustments should occur gradually in increments of 5 mg/day at intervals of no less than one week [see Clinical Studies (14.5)].

Patients should be periodically reassessed to determine the continued need for maintenance treatment.
Tobramycin inhalation solution is for oral inhalation only [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. The recommended dosage of tobramycin inhalation solution for patients six years of age and older is to administer one single-dose ampule (300 mg/4 mL) twice daily by oral inhalation in repeated cycles of 28 days on drug, followed by 28 days off drug. The doses should be taken as close to 12 hours apart as possible and not less than 6 hours apart.

The 300 mg/4 mL dose of tobramycin inhalation solution is the same for patients regardless of age or weight. Tobramycin inhalation solution has not been studied in patients less than six years old.

If patients miss a dose, they should take it as soon as possible anytime up to 6 hours prior to their next scheduled dose. If less than 6 hours remain before the next dose, wait until their next scheduled dose.
A system for automatically generating an athletic training schedule includes a wearable device having one or more sensors for determining a quantity of athletic training performed by a user wearing the wearable device and an athletic performance of the user. A processor is configured to receive the quantity of athletic training performed and the athletic performance data from the wearable device, and to estimate a relationship between the quantity of athletic training performed and the athletic performance. A selection of a competitive target is received. A performance level of the selected competitive target is estimated. A minimum level of training needed to meet or exceed the estimated performance level is determined based on the estimated relationship between the quantity of athletic training performed and the athletic performance. The athletic training schedule is automatically generated based on the determined minimum level of training.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the efficacy of ureteroscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in treating ureteral calculus (UC).
METHODS: We enrolled 86 patients with UC treated in our urology department from November 2020 to November 2022. Group A (n=43) underwent ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy, while Group B (n=43) received ESWL. We recorded treatment duration, post-treatment hematuria duration, and post-treatment stone clearance rates. Renal function and stress response were assessed before and 3 days after treatment. Post-treatment complications were documented, and patient quality of life was evaluated using the SF-36 health questionnaire.
RESULTS: Group A exhibited significantly shorter treatment and post-treatment hematuria durations compared to Group B (P < .05). In stones >1 cm, group A demonstrated a higher clearance rate (P < .05). Post-treatment, Group A showed improved renal function and lower stress response (P < .05). The incidence of post-treatment complications did not differ significantly between groups (P > .05), but SF-36 scores were higher in Group A (P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS: Ureteroscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy proves effective in UC treatment, contributing to a shortened recovery period and enhanced patient quality of life.
Participants will complete 4 aerobic exercise training sessions per week for 12 weeks. The exercise program will begin at 15 minutes per session and duration will be gradually increased by 5 minutes each week until you reach 45 minutes per session. Exercise will be performed at a "moderate to vigorous "intensity, which will be about 60-70% of your predicted maximal level. Participants will meet with study personnel once per week.
Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been successful in suppressing plasma HIV RNA levels in infected patients, it has not resulted in eradication of virus. It is now clear that virus replication persists despite undetectable plasma viremia in individuals receiving HAART. In this regard, withdrawing HAART, even after prolonged periods of virus suppression, leads to an almost universal rapid rebound of plasma viremia. It is also now clear that prolonged, continuous HAART carries a risk of significant toxicity and side effects. In addition, the monetary cost of HAART is prohibitive for many individuals and countries. These recent observations may argue for a different approach to HAART with the goals of : 1) durable suppression of virus replication, without an attempt at eradication, 2) minimization of toxicity and side effects and improvement in patient life-style, and 3) a reduction in cost. Therefore, we propose to study the virologic and immunologic effects of short cycle intermittent versus continuous HAART in HIV-infected individuals as a possible means to achieve these goals. In a pilot study of patients successfully treated with HAART, we have demonstrated that cycles of 7 days on HAART followed by 7 days off HAART can maintain suppression of plasma, lymph node, and resting CD4+ T cell HIV while maintaining CD4+ T cell counts for up to 1 year. It is the purpose of this study to further evaluate these observations with a randomized, controlled, intent-to-treat trial.
Patients randomized to this group will receive regular out-patient department physiotherapy postoperatively for 6 months. They will be assessed 6 weeks and 6 months post operatively.
Clinical studies of quinapril hydrochloride did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients.

In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.

Elderly patients exhibited increased area under the plasma concentration time curve and peak levels for quinaprilat compared to values observed in younger patients; this appeared to relate to decreased renal function rather than to age itself.
There is no safe and effective prevention for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) mellitus, which makes it highly dependent on its treatment. This systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials investigated the overall effects of dietary supplements of vitamins, minerals, trace elements, and non-essential compounds with antioxidant properties, fatty acids, and amino acids in IDDM. Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, LILACS, The Grey Literature Report, and ClinicaTrials.gov, and citations from previous reviews were used to identify reports published through July 2023. The Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool was used to analyze the risk of bias and GRADE was used to assess the quality of the results. Fifty-eight studies (n=3,044) were included in qualitative analyses and seventeen (n=723) in meta-analyses. Qualitative analyses showed few positive effects on some metabolic function markers, such as endothelial and renal function and lipid profile. Meta-analyses showed a positive effect of omega-3 on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (RMD=-0.33; 95%CI: -0.53, -0.12, P=0.002; I2=0%; GRADE: low quality; 4 studies) and of vitamin D on fasting C-peptide (FCP) (RMD=0.05; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.9, P=0.023; I2=0%; GRADE: very low quality; 4 studies). Most studies showed bias concern or high risk of bias. A recommendation for dietary supplementation in IDDM cannot be made because of the few positive results within different interventions and markers, the serious risk of bias in the included studies, and the low quality of evidence from meta-analyses. The positive result of vitamin D on FCP is preliminary, requiring further investigation.
Dental plaque is shown up by applying a measured dose of amaranth, 3-hydroxy-4-(4'-sulpho-2-naphtylazo)-naphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid trisodium salt to the mouth. Also described is a soln. of amaranth contg. a flavouring, ethanol and/or propyleneglycol, a preservative and deionised water; and a tablet for prpg. the above, contg. amaranth, flavouring, absorbent, Na saccharine, NaHCO3, mannitol and Ca stearate. A paste is also described which contains, contains, amaranth, flavouring, propylenegylcol, preservative, deionised water and Na-CMC or PV pyrrolidone. After location, the plaque may be removed by the dentist. Whilst stable to water rinsing on the teeth, the colouring other parts of the mouth does not persist.
Drug/resin adsorbates are prepared by contacting an aqueous solution of a salt (e.g. the phosphate) of amprotropine with a nuclear sulphonic acid cation-exchange resin, e.g. a polymerized vinyl benzene containing nuclear sulphonic acid groups of the type disclosed in Specification 577,707 in the hydrogen or alkali metal cycle.ALSO:Pharmaceutical compositions comprise particles of a nuclear sulphonic acid cation-exchange resin in which at least some of the cations present are those of amprotropine, the particles being coated with caster wax.  The coated particles may be prepared by suspending the active compound in molten caster wax and spray chilling the suspension by conventional means, e.g. atomizing spray nozzles, bifluid spray nozzles, centrifugal atomizing wheels or nozzles and are suitable for slow oral ingestion, e.g. by chewing, sucking or sipping.  They may be incorporated into conventional pharmaceutical forms, e.g. tablets alone and together with antacids, e.g. aluminium hydroxide, aluminium silicate, dihydroxy aluminium acetate; antiallergenics, e.g. phenindamine tartrate, sedatives, e.g. phenobarbitol and methyprylon; decongestants, e.g. phenylephrine, hydrochloride; acetyl salicylic acid, caffeine, acetophenetidin and 1,5 - dimethyl - 4 - isopropyl - 2-phenylpyrazolone-(3). Specification 577,707 is referred to.
Puberty is a complex process of physiological changes, including neuroreproductive and growth hormone activation and rapid organ growth, that may predispose organs to injury. The kidneys may be especially susceptible because they are highly metabolically active and second only to the heart with respect to oxygen consumption per tissue mass. During puberty, the kidneys almost double in size, likely increasing the kidneys' already high energy expenditure. In parallel, puberty is associated with physiologic insulin resistance (IR), which is accentuated in obesity. Our central hypothesis is that obese youth with prediabetes and T2D experience relative kidney hypoxia during puberty due to a metabolic mismatch between increased energy expenditure and impaired substrate metabolism. In turn, the kidney hypoxia results in loss of glomerular charge and size selectivity leading to increased transglomerular transport of protein and kidney dysfunction. Our preliminary data showed that pubertal adolescents with obesity and/or diabetes exhibit relative kidney hypoxia compared to normal weight controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and that relative kidney hypoxia is greater in late vs. early puberty. However, determining the pubertal mechanisms contributing to kidney injury in youth with obesity and T2D requires serial evaluations throughout puberty. To assess the impact of pubertal changes within a 5-year study period, the investigators propose an accelerated longitudinal study design in which the investigators will enroll adolescents (8-14 years, 50% girls) with obesity and/or elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ≥6%) \[n=60\], and healthy normoglycemic controls \[n=40\] at Tanner (pubertal) stages 1-4 and examine them at baseline, 1 and 2-years. The investigators will then compare data by Tanner stage to construct an integrated portrayal of the physiological changes that occur throughout puberty. Given the rarity of T2D prior to pubertal onset, the investigators chose to enroll a high high-risk group: youth with obesity and/or HbA1c ≥6.0% to represent youth ranging from those at magnified risk of developing T2D to those recently diagnosed.
Individuals with physical disabilities show much lower rates of exercise participation than their able-bodied peers (Boslaugh et al. 2006, Preventing Chronic Disease). Much of the reason for the low rates of activity among this population come from the presence of barriers. Lack of motivation, lack of transportation, lack of accessible facilities and equipment, and cost are all factors that discourage exercise participation among those with disabilities (Rimmer et al. 2008, JRRD; Barfield and Malone 2013, JRRD). Based on these factors, there is a need for accessible enjoyable exercise options for people with physical disabilities. The AVEED is comprised of an ergometer with foot and hand pedals, and a visual display in front of the user that can show a variety of scenic pathways.

The AVEED builds on previous work that demonstrates the potential benefit of interactive exercise for those with physical disabilities. The present study will establish the potential of this device to provide an engaging moderate intensity exercise opportunity for persons with disabilities.
The present invention relates to a new wrinkle free injection and the preparation method, which belongs to the tissue engineering field. The injection preparation comprises 105 to 108 newborn umbilical cord dermis fibroblast and the fiber anterior somatic or the mesenchymal cells, 1ml to 8ml limousine with concentration of 0.3 percent, the glucose injection with concentration of 5 percent. The preparation method comprises in vitro cultivation, purification and amplification of the newborn umbilical cord dermis fibroblast and the fiber anterior somatic or the mesenchymal cells. Then the cells are preserved in liquid nitrogen. The cells are massively proliferated during application. According to 105 to 108 newborn umbilical cord dermis fibroblast and the fiber anterior somatic or the mesenchymal cells, 1ml to 8ml limousine with concentration of 0.3 percent and the glucose injection with concentration of 5 percent are added. The present invention has the advantages of no damage to the body with material of newborn umbilical, high survival rate in cell, strong proliferation activity, short amplification time, no side effect, and no pain during injection,  wrinkle free effect which is fast, profound, long and natural.