anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy Category C.

Risk Summary

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies with Amitiza in pregnant women. A dose dependent increase in fetal loss was observed in pregnant guinea pigs that received lubiprostone doses equivalent to 0.2 to 6 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) based on body surface area (mg/m ). Animal studies did not show an increase in structural malformations. Amitiza should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. 2

Clinical Considerations

Current available data suggest that miscarriage occurs in 15-18% of clinically recognized pregnancies, regardless of any drug exposure. Consider the risks and benefits of available therapies when treating a pregnant woman for chronic idiopathic constipation, opioid-induced constipation or irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.

Animal Data

In developmental toxicity studies, pregnant rats and rabbits received oral lubiprostone during organogenesis at doses up to approximately 338 times (rats) and approximately 34 times (rabbits) the maximum recommended human dose (MHRD) based on body surface area (mg/m ). Maximal animal doses were 2000 mcg/kg/day (rats) and 100 mcg/kg/day (rabbits). In rats, there were increased incidences of early resorptions and soft tissue malformations ( cleft palate) at the 2000 mcg/kg/day dose; however, these effects were probably secondary to maternal toxicity. A dose-dependent increase in fetal loss occurred when guinea pigs received lubiprostone after the period of organogenesis, on days 40 to 53 of gestation, at daily oral doses of 1, 10, and 25 mcg/kg/day (approximately 0.2, 2 and 6 times the MRHD based on body surface area (mg/m )). The potential of lubiprostone to cause fetal loss was also examined in pregnant Rhesus monkeys. Monkeys received lubiprostone post-organogenesis on gestation days 110 through 130 at daily oral doses of 10 and 30 mcg/kg/day (approximately 3 and 10 times the MHRD based on body surface area (mg/m )). Fetal loss was noted in one monkey from the 10-mcg/kg dose group, which is within normal historical rates for this species. There was no drug-related adverse effect seen in monkeys. 2situs inversus,22
PURPOSE: Heavyweight polypropylene (HWPP) mesh is thought to increase inflammatory response and delay tissue integration compared to mediumweight (MWPP). Reactive fluid volume (i.e., drain output) may be a reasonable surrogate for integration. We hypothesized that daily drain output is higher with HWPP compared to MWPP in open retromuscular ventral hernia repair (VHR).
METHODS: This is a post-hoc analysis of a multicenter, randomized clinical trial conducted March 2017-April 2019 comparing MWPP and HWPP for VHR. Retromuscular drain output in milliliters was measured at 24-h intervals up to postoperative day seven. Univariate analyses compared differences in daily drain output and time to drain removal. Multivariable analyses compared total drain output and wound morbidity within 30 days and hernia recurrence at 1 year.
RESULTS: 288 patients were included; 140 (48.6%) HWPP and 148 (51.4%) MWPP. Daily drain output for days 1-3 was higher for HWPP vs. MWPP (total volume: 837.8 mL vs. 656.5 mL) (p < 0.001), but similar on days 4-7 (p > 0.05). Median drain removal time was 5 days for both groups. Total drain output was not predictive of 30-day wound morbidity (p > 0.05) or hernia recurrence at 1 year (OR 1, p = 0.29).
CONCLUSION: While HWPP mesh initially had higher drain outputs, it rapidly returned to levels similar to MWPP by postoperative day three and there was no difference in clinical outcomes. We believe that drains placed around HWPP mesh can be managed similarly to MWPP mesh.
6. 4 1 A 4 0! 1 .1 * -fl Among other aspects, the present invention relates to cell culture conditions for producing high molecular weight vWF, in particular, highly multimericWF with a high specific activity and ADAMTS13 with a high specific activity. The celf culture conditions of the present invention can include, for example, a cell culture medium with an increased copper concentration and/or cell culture supernatant with a low ammonium (NH-) concentration. The present invention also provides methods for cultivating cells in the ceti culture conditions to express high molecular weight vWF and rA13 having high specific activities. Figure lA
The invention is a continuation of the patent CN102499986A ''a macromolecule-cisplatin compound and its preparation method and application'', the content and claim of which are both suitable for the invention. The invention relates to a water-soluble polyglutamic acid-cisplatin compound and provides a preparation method and an application of the compound. The invention belongs to the field of a bio-medical technology. According to the invention, gamma-polyglutamic acid prepared by biological fermentation is used as a raw material, and a small molecular modifier and an active group at the side chain of the gamma-polyglutamic acid react to prepare a gamma-polyglutamic acid derivative; and then, cisplatin reacts with a modified carrier to prepare a drug-loaded compound containing free cisplatin as well as combined cisplatin. Water solubility of the water-soluble polyglutamic acid-cisplatin compound is remarkably enhanced than water solubility of existing cisplatin compounds, and utilization rate of cisplatin is raised. The water-soluble polyglutamic acid-cisplatin compound has a more excellent anti-tumor effect than cisplatin, and toxicity in vivo of the water-soluble polyglutamic acid-cisplatin compound is obviously reduced.
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) serves as the primary source of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions in the intestinal mucosa. However, its specific contribution to the progression of colonic disease remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of XOR in ulcerative colitis (UC) and attempted to identify the underlying mechanisms. We used the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model to mimic UC and observed that XOR inhibitors, allopurinol and diphenyleneiodonium sulfate (DPI), significantly alleviated UC in mice. In addition, treatment with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and 1% O2 increased the expression of XOR and induced DNA oxidative damage in colonic epithelial cells. Furthermore, we identified that XOR accumulation in the nucleus may directly cause DNA oxidative damage and regulates HIF1α protein levels. In addition, allopurinol effectively protected colon epithelial cells from CoCl2-induced DNA damage. Altogether, our data provided evidence that XOR could induce DNA damage under hypoxic conditions, indicating a significant role of XOR in the initiation and early development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC).
Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is characterized by recurrent involuntary urination during sleep in children aged 5 years and older, persisting for over three months with at least two episodes per week. This condition, resulting from the child's inability to awaken from sleep, exhibits a prevalence rate ranging from 4.8% to 15.2%, which notably declines with age. Moreover, NE significantly impacts the psychological well-being and overall quality of life of affected individuals. The primary treatments for NE include desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) and behavioral interventions (BI). While these modalities offer therapeutic benefits, their implementation is often prolonged and fraught with challenges, including adverse drug reactions and a high rate of symptom recurrence after treatment discontinuation. These factors complicate adherence for both patients and their families.

Patients with NE are more likely to suffer from vitamin D deficiency. This study aims to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation as an adjunctive therapy to alarm therapy in the treatment of NE. Eligible patients aged 5-18 years with a diagnosis of NE will be randomly assigned to receive either high-dose vitamin D supplementation combined with alarm therapy or alarm therapy alone. Serum levels of 25(OH)D will be measured at baseline. Symptom severity will be assessed at baseline and follow-up, along with other sociodemographic data. This study will provide more information on the role of vitamin D supplementation in managing NE.
PURPOSE: A whitening composition containing subcritical extract of Salicornia herbacea and a method for preparing the same are provided to enhance whitening effect without problems relating to resistance or safety. CONSTITUTION: A whitening composition contains subcritical extract of Salicornia herbacea as an active ingredient. The subcritical extract is prepared at 170-250 Deg. C. using 2-4 MPa subcritical water. A cosmetic composition for whitening is manufactured in the form of a cream, lition, cleanser, soap, and treatment. A method for preparing the extract with a whitening activity comprises a step of adding Salicornia herbacea powder to water and performing subcritical extraction at 2-4 MPa and 170-250 Deg. C. [Reference numerals] (AA) Sample+water; (BB) Pressing; (CC) Heating; (DD) Reacting; (EE) Cooling; (FF) Filtering; (GG) Freeze-drying
Excessive drinking and drunkenness are underlying factors in many fatal accidents, which make the quantitative determination of ethanol in postmortem (PM) specimens an essential part of all unnatural death investigations. The same analytical methods are used to determine ethanol in blood taken from living and deceased persons although the interpretation of the results is more complicated in medical examiner cases owing to various preanalytical factors. The biggest problem is that under anaerobic conditions ethanol can be produced naturally in decomposed bodies by microbial activity and fermentation of blood glucose. Ways are needed to differentiate antemortem ingestion of ethanol from PM synthesis. One approach involves the determination of ethanol in alternative specimens, such as bile, cerebrospinal fluid, vitreous humor and/or urine, and comparison of results with blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Another approach involves the analysis of various alcohol biomarkers, such as ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate and/or phosphatidylethanol or the urinary metabolites of serotonin 5-hydroxytryptophol/5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HTOL/5-HIAA). If ethanol had been produced in the body by microbial activity, the blood samples should also contain other low-molecular volatiles, such as acetaldehyde, n-propanol and/or n-butanol. The inclusion of 1-2% w/v sodium or potassium fluoride, as an enzyme inhibitor, in all PM specimens is essential to diminish the risk of ethanol being generated after sampling, such as during shipment and storage prior to analysis. Furthermore, much might be gained if the analytical cut-off for reporting positive BAC was raised from 0.01 to 0.02 g% when PM blood is analyzed. During putrefaction low BACs are more often produced after death than high BACs. Therefore, when the cadaver is obviously decomposed, a pragmatic approach would be to subtract 0.05 g% from the mean analytical result. Any remaining BAC is expected to give a more reliable indication of whether alcohol had been consumed before death.
Fusarium head blight is a devastating disease that causes severe yield loses and mycotoxin contamination in wheat grain. Additionally, balancing the trade-off between wheat production and disease resistance has proved challenging. This study aimed to expand the genetic tools of the endophyte Phomopsis liquidambaris against Fusarium graminearum. Specifically, we engineered a UDP-glucosyltransferase-expressing P. liquidambaris strain (PL-UGT) using ADE1 as a selection marker and obtained a deletion mutant using an inducible promoter that drives Cas9 expression. Our PL-UGT strain converted deoxynivalenol (DON) into DON-3-G in vitro at a rate of 71.4 % after 36 h. DON inactivation can be used to confer tolerance in planta. Wheat seedlings inoculated with endophytic strain PL-UGT showed improved growth compared with those inoculated with wildtype P. liquidambaris. Strain PL-UGT inhibited the growth of Fusarium graminearum and reduced infection rate to 15.7 %. Consistent with this finding, DON levels in wheat grains decreased from 14.25 to 0.56 μg/g when the flowers were pre-inoculated with PL-UGT and then infected with F. graminearum. The expression of UGT in P. liquidambaris was nontoxic and did not inhibit plant growth. Endophytes do not enter the seeds nor induce plant disease, thereby representing a novel approach to fungal disease control.
DGg group comprised 20 procedures performed in patients OAT. Buccal and palatal-lingual flaps were repositioned and sutured as in the Cg plus compression on the wound with a dry gauze for 30 minutes, after which a new dry gauze was placed for another two hours.
Accumulating evidence suggests that repeatedly breathing low oxygen levels for brief periods (termed intermittent hypoxia) is a safe and effective treatment strategy to promote meaningful functional recovery in persons with chronic spinal cord injury. Repetitive exposure to mild hypoxia triggers a cascade of events in the spinal cord, including new protein synthesis and increased sensitivity in the circuitry necessary for breathing and walking. Recently, the investigators demonstrated that daily (5 consecutive days of) intermittent hypoxia stimulated walking enhancement in persons with chronic spinal cord injury.

Despite these exciting findings, important questions remain. First, does intermittent hypoxia improve walking recovery by increasing strength or muscle coordination or both? Understanding its mechanisms will allow us to best apply intermittent hypoxia in the clinic. Second, initial studies indicate that the beneficial effects of intermittent hypoxia are greatest when intermittent hypoxia is used just prior to task training and that the benefits are greatest for the practiced task. The investigators will explore this possibility by examining the effects of intermittent hypoxia on walking ability and force production when applied alone and when applied in combination with walking training or strength training. The investigators expect to observe the greatest improvements in walking ability in those individuals receiving intermittent hypoxia with walking training and the greatest improvements in strength in response to intermittent hypoxia with strength training. Third, studies suggest that intermittent hypoxia induces spinal plasticity by increasing the expression of a key plasticity-promoting protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Mutations in the BDNF gene have been shown to impair BDNF functionality. Thus, the investigators will also explore the impact of BDNF polymorphisms on responsiveness to intermittent hypoxia therapy.
Severe neurological disturbances, including encephalopathy, cerebellar symptoms, convulsive seizures, peripheral neuropathy, optic neuropathy, and aseptic meningitis, have been reported in patients treated with metronidazole.

Encephalopathy associated with metronidazole may manifest as confusion or decreased level of consciousness, and is associated with widespread lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Cerebellar toxicity associated with metronidazole may manifest as ataxia, dizziness, dysarthria, nystagmus and saccadic pursuit and is accompanied by T2 flair lesions within the dentate nuclei seen on MRI. Cerebellar toxicity may concurrently occur with encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy or seizures. CNS symptoms and CNS lesions are generally reversible within days to weeks upon discontinuation of Metronidazole Injection, USP. Peripheral neuropathy, usually symmetric and mainly of sensory type is characterized by numbness or paresthesia of an extremity. Symptoms may be prolonged after drug discontinuation. Aseptic meningitis may occur within hours of dose administration and generally resolve after metronidazole therapy is discontinued (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).

Advise patients to report neurologic symptoms that occur during metronidazole administration. Discontinue metronidazole treatment if any abnormal neurologic symptoms occur such as ataxia, dizziness, confusion or any other CNS adverse reaction (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).
The present invention is directed to one or more macromolecules in a lipid vesicle oral formulation which targets intracellular receptors, in particular for peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and mixtures thereof, optionally in combination with small molecules. The invention encapsulates said macromolecules in a neutral lipid vesicle comprised of one or more cholesteryl esters. Unique properties of macromolecules encapsulated in said vesicles include high oral bioavailability, defined herein as in at least 50%, i.e., often in excess of 50% on the basis of oral to parenteral AUC. Non-limiting examples are provided, for large hydrophilic molecules such as peptides, proteins and nucleic acids which heretofore have been very poorly absorbed by the mammalian intestine. In prior art; said molecules are generally less than 25% bioavailable, even with protective coatings and optionally absorption enhancing component substances in the formulation. An additional feature of the present invention is high tissue concentrations after oral use, a result of rapid uptake of cholestosomes delivered by chylomicrons to body cells. A preferred embodiment is disclosed for insulin, where with eholestosome encapsulation oral bioavailability is at least 66%. Prior to the present invention, oral bioavailability of insulin and other peptides and proteins was maximally 25% and usually between 5% and 10%. Additional preferred examples are provided for one or more macromolecules useful in the treatment of cancer and in particular intracellular targeting in the practice of cancer immunotherapeutics.
1. Technical Result Increase in efficiency of vascular state or treatment of vascular diseases in mammals, widening of the assortment anticoagulants.  2. Essence By means of gene engineering there are obtained novel variants of tissue plasminogen activators of human, which are characterized with extended circulatory half-life and improved fibrinolytic potency. There are created pharmaceutical compositions against fibrin accumulation, adhesion and reformation. 3. Field of Application Medicine, therapy.  Figures: 6
The intervention will be the randomized selection of anesthetic induction technique to intravenous induction 2.2 mg/kg propofol immediately preceded by 160 mcg intravenous phenylephrine. Age 18-55.
Subjects will be enrolled between 3 months and 1 year post Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney (SPK) transplant. Blood sample to test Omnigraft will be collected every 3 months, at the time of rejection or when a biopsy is done.
The investigators treated chronic migraineurs that have failed more than 3 preventive drugs with Erenumab alone or as an add on therapy to: Reduce the frequency of monthly migraine days, to evaluate If the add on of Erenumab to another preventive therapy is superior to Erenumab alone, and assess all adverse events related to the use of Erenumab.

Migraineurs with 15-30 migraie days per month at baseline were clustered in 3 categories. Failure of Erenumab was defined as no improvement in the frequency of monthly migraine days. Group I: no preventive therapy, prior to the start of Erenumab. (No botox cohort). Group II: on Botulinum Toxin A (Botox), prior to the add on therapy with Erenumab. (Botox cohort).Group III: on an oral preventive drug, prior to the add on therapy with Erenumab. (No Botox cohort)
The optimal application of tourniquet should reduce perioperative blood loss, create bloodless operative field, improve cementing technique and shorten surgery time. Meanwhile, inadequate application may increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. Previous attempts to compare the tourniquet strategies in respect to the perioperative blood loss did not show significant difference. The investigators use the volume loading test aiming to optimize the fluid status and obtain the hemoglobin concentration in the conditions of standardized plasma dilution. The test is deployed just before the surgery and after postoperative 24 hrs in ICU. Functional outcomes and possible length of hospital stay is also evaluated.
General anesthesia will be performed in all patients for arthroscopic adhesive capsulitis shoulder surgeries. In the first group of patients (Group IPSB), interscalene brachial plexus block will be applied 30 minutes before surgery, while interscalene brachial plexus block and suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) administration to the second group patients (Group SSNB) before surgery. Patients in the third group (Group C) will be considered the control group and no block will be performed. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine will be used in all three groups for postoperative analgesia. Preoperative hemodynamic data of patients, postoperative pain scores (VAS), morphine consumption, patient satisfaction score, requirement of additional analgesia and observed side effects were recorded. Consumption of analgesia 24 hours after surgery and patient satisfaction will be evaluated.
The study aimed to adapt the 12-item Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp-12) scale and validate it in Chinese pediatric cancer patients.

A two-phase sequential method design will be used. Phase I will use a descriptive qualitative approach to understand pediatric cancer patients' opinions related with spiritual issues and experience. At least 12 participants are expected to be interviewed. The results of the qualitative study will be used to compare with the items of the original scale, and emerging themes will be used to generate new items. Phase Ⅱ will translates and adapt the scale based on the result of Phase I. Further, the adapted version of the scale will be validated among 200 pediatric cancer patients.
No intervention was given. Participants receive standard wound care of the tympanic membrane which includes 0.3% Ofloxacin otic ear drops which were used twice a day for 5 days.
At the beginning of their visit to the Blood Center of the University Hospital Ostrava, blood and plasma donors will be approached by one of the authorized members of the team with information about the possibility of participating in this study. The course of the study will be explained to them in detail, including the sampling methodology, their processing, and further handling. If the subject is interested in participating in the study, they will give written informed consent to participate in the study. Subsequently, the inclusion and exclusion criteria for participation in the study will be verified. If these are not met, the subject will be excluded from the study. Furthermore, the criteria for current valid blood and urine sampling will be verified. If the conditions for valid sampling are not met and the participant is still interested in participating in the study, she will be offered a new sampling date. If the study subject fulfills the conditions of valid sampling, she will fill out a simple questionnaire, which will be used to obtain data on basic demographic characteristics. Their knowledge is essential for the correct interpretation of urine and serum test results. Blood and serum will then be collected. In justified cases, sampling can also be carried out at the Urology Department of the University Hospital Ostrava. After submitting the first sample, the participant will be asked to submit another urine and serum sample in 3-6 months. By submitting the 2nd urine and serum sample, the participant ends her participation in the study.
Participants who received cladribine 3.5 mg/kg initially and completed DB period entered in the open label (OL) extension (Ext.) period. In OL Ext. period, participant who met the eligibility criteria received OL oral cladribine 3.5 mg/kg over maximum of 48 weeks along with IFN-beta therapy (RNF 44 mcg three times a week, subcutaneously; Avonex® 30 mcg every week, intramuscularly; or Betaseron® 250 mcg every other day, subcutaneously) up to 48 weeks.