anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Patients will present to the pediatric ophthalmology clinic at Texas Children's Hospital. If during the course of their standard care visit it is determined by their pediatric ophthalmologist or optometrist that patching is indicated and that the patient meets eligibility criteria for the study, the eye doctor will explain to the patient's parents the need for patching according to the standard protocol and will then mention to them the study being conducted. If they are interested, an investigator will explain the study, allow patients and parents to ask questions, and will then seek written informed consent. Upon consent, a patient will be assigned an ID code that will be written on their signed consent form. Consenting parents will then be randomized into either the control group (taught to apply the patch using the standard method) or the study group ( taught to apply the patch using our modified technique). The standard technique refers to applying the patch evenly and flatly around the orbit, and the modified technique refers to pinching the middle of the superior and inferior edges of the patch before applying so that the patch is convex and the center is raised above the eye in an attempt to improve patient comfort. All patients will be provided with one box of sample patches. In order to mask parents in both groups, these patches will all have a small incision of 3 millimeters on the lateral edges so that parents will be uncertain if they are assigned to the control or study group. An incision of this size will not significantly alter the function of the patch in any way. Patients will have equal odds of being assigned to either the control or study group using a random number generator. Parents will not be told whether the method they are being taught is the standard or modified method, and their eye doctor will not be told whether or not the parents decided to enroll in the study. After using one full box of patches or after one month, whichever comes first, parents will complete a questionnaire about their compliance with the prescribed patching regimen and any difficulties they may have had in patching their child. We will use the Amblyopia Treatment Index Patching Questionnaire designed by the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group, with the addition of several questions related to patients' comfort while patching. Patients will be instructed to return for standard follow-up care as determined by their eye doctor.
OBJECTIVES: I. Compare the overall survival of interferon alfa refractory chronic myelogenous leukemia patients treated with homoharringtonine to those treated with hydroxyurea. II. Compare the time to progression of these patients treated with these two drugs. III. Estimate the complete and major cytogenetic response and describe the serial cytogenetics of these patients treated with these two drugs.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized study. Patients are randomized to receive one of two treatments. Arm I: Induction: Patients receive homoharringtonine IV continuously over 24 hours daily for 14 days. Induction continues every 28 days for a maximum of 6 courses or until hematopoietic recovery. Maintenance: Patients receive homoharringtonine IV continuously over 24 hours daily for 5 days. Treatment repeats every 28 days. Arm II: Induction: Patients receive oral hydroxyurea daily for 28 days until acceptable blood counts are achieved. Maintenance: Patients receive oral hydroxyurea daily every 28 days to maintain acceptable blood counts. Treatment in both arms continues for a minimum of 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients are followed every 6 months for a maximum of 10 years.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 480 patients (240 per arm) will be accrued for this study within 4 years.
ISSUE ADDRESSED: With an ageing population and growing complexity and fragmentation of health care systems, health literacy is increasingly important in managing health. This study investigated health literacy strengths and challenges reported by older Australians (people aged 65 or over) and identified how socio-demographic and health factors related to their health literacy profiles.
METHODS: The sample comprised 1578 individuals responding to the Australian Government's 2018 Health Literacy Survey, conducted between January and August. Regression modelling was used to estimate the association between each of nine domains of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) and individual socio-demographic and health characteristics. The model allowed for correlation between HLQ scores that was linked to unobserved characteristics of individuals.
RESULTS: Across the health literacy domains, few individuals received mean scores in the lowest score range. Key individual characteristics associated with higher health literacy were increasing age, English proficiency, higher education levels, better self-assessed health and having certain chronic conditions (cancer, hypertension and arthritis).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that, among those aged 65 or over, being older or living with chronic illnesses were associated with greater confidence in engaging with providers, accessing information and navigating health services compared to individuals aged 65-69 and those older individuals without chronic illness. Lower health literacy was associated with psychological distress and low English proficiency. SO WHAT?: Interventions to improve individual health literacy and organisation health literacy responsiveness to minimise complexity of the Australian health system are required. This may enhance uptake and use of health information and services for the underserviced members of the community.
Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) remains a leading complication after solid organ transplantation. Previous international PTDM consensus meetings in 2003 and 2013 provided standardized frameworks to reduce heterogeneity in diagnosis, risk stratification and management. However, the last decade has seen significant advancements in our PTDM knowledge complemented by rapidly changing treatment algorithms for management of diabetes in the general population. In view of these developments, and to ensure reduced variation in clinical practice, a 3rd international PTDM Consensus Meeting was planned and held from 6-8 May 2022 in Vienna, Austria involving global delegates with PTDM expertise to update the previous reports. This update includes opinion statements concerning optimal diagnostic tools, recognition of prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance), new mechanistic insights, immunosuppression modification, evidence-based strategies to prevent PTDM, treatment hierarchy for incorporating novel glucose-lowering agents and suggestions for the future direction of PTDM research to address unmet needs. Due to the paucity of good quality evidence, consensus meeting participants agreed that making GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) recommendations would be flawed. Although kidney-allograft centric, we suggest that these opinion statements can be appraised by the transplantation community for implementation across different solid organ transplant cohorts. Acknowledging the paucity of published literature, this report reflects consensus expert opinion. Attaining evidence is desirable to ensure establishment of optimized care for any solid organ transplant recipient at risk of, or who develops, PTDM as we strive to improve long-term outcomes.
The invention relates to a tioconazole -containing exterior spraying agent, comprising tioconazole and medical findings. The weight of tioconazole is 0. 1-10% of the total weight of exterior spraying agent, and the left is medical findings. The tioconazole dissolves in the findings. The invention also discloses a method for preparing said product, which includes one step of dissolving tioconazole in the solvent. The step comprises: dissolving tioconazole in absolute ethyl alcohol and diluting tioconazole and absolute ethyl alcohol with distilled water. The invention mixed tioconazole with solvent, and forms formulation suitable for spraying agent. It overcomes problems of slow volatilization, long residual time, uneven medical distribution, slow speed of medicine reaching to injured place of paste agent, it can be used to treat tinea corporis, scald and ringworm of the nails and other body fungus infection.
The main part of AER group sessions will include treadmill, stationary and elliptical bikes. The intensity throughout these sessions will be measured by heart rate maximum (HRmax) and by RPE 3-5 on CR10 scale progressing to RPE 6-8. The main part of AER group was divided in 3 periods; a) from week 1-2 (50% HRmax: 3x15 min+3min rest); b) week 3-4 (60% HRmax: 2x23min+5min rest); c) week \> 5 (70% HRmax: continuous).
OBJECTIVE: Child malnutrition, comprising of undernutrition and obesity, is a global concern with severe implications for survival, leading to acute and chronic diseases that adversely affect the productivity of individuals and society. Asia shoulders the greatest burden, with 7 out of 10 undernourished children residing in the region. Despite the decline in global child stunting, particularly in Asia, its prevalence remains significant. In 2017, an estimated 151 million children under five experienced stunting, and an additional 38 million were overweight, with Africa and Asia accounting for 25% and 46% of the global figures, respectively. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the geospatial and environmental determinants of undernutrition in rural South and Southeast Asia.
METHODS: To explore the geospatial and environmental determinants of undernutrition (stunting, wasting, and underweight), we use Poisson regression and the data from recent rounds of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Cambodia, and Timor-Leste.
RESULTS: This study found a high prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children aged 0 to 59 months in rural areas of South and Southeast Asia, with considerable variation between countries and clusters/primary sampling units. Results show a positive association between child malnutrition and factors such as maternal illiteracy, unsafe drinking water, and dirty cooking fuel in South and Southeast Asia. Children from impoverished households in India, Pakistan, and Cambodia were disproportionately affected. In addition to socio-economic factors, climatic risks such as temperature increase and rainfall variations also emerged as important determinants of child malnutrition in India, Bangladesh, and Timor-Leste.
CONCLUSIONS: This paper emphasizes the role of environmental and climatic factors on child nutrition, underscoring their significance regardless of socio-economic conditions. As the impacts of climate change continue to intensify, and agrarian societies bear the brunt, these factors will play a critical role in shaping child nutritional outcomes. Thus, amid growing climate change, nutritional security should be prioritized, considering the spatial domain and targeting climate distress areas along with other socio-economic and demographic aspects.
While all eukaryotic cells are dependent on mitochondria for function, in a complex tissue, which cell type and which cell behavior are more sensitive to mitochondrial deficiency remain unpredictable. Here, we show that in the mouse airway, compromising mitochondrial function by inactivating mitochondrial protease gene Lonp1 led to reduced progenitor proliferation and differentiation during development, apoptosis of terminally differentiated ciliated cells and their replacement by basal progenitors and goblet cells during homeostasis, and failed airway progenitor migration into damaged alveoli following influenza infection. ATF4 and the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway are elevated and responsible for the airway phenotypes. Such context-dependent sensitivities are predicted by the selective expression of Bok, which is required for ISR activation. Reduced LONP1 expression is found in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) airways with squamous metaplasia. These findings illustrate a cellular energy landscape whereby compromised mitochondrial function could favor the emergence of pathological cell types.
This study involves three interventions, which are performed in random order. Each intervention involves a 3-day inpatient visit. There is a space of 1-3 months between interventions. The three interventions are: 1) placebo with a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, 2) spironolactone with a hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp, or 3) placebo with a hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp. Each 3-day inpatient visit includes the following. On Day 1, autonomic testing is performed. Autonomic testing includes assessment of Baroreflex Sensitivity (BRS). BRS is assessed using the Modified Oxford procedure, which involves sequential administration of nitroprusside and phenylephrine while measuring heart rate and beat to beat blood pressure with a finapress and assessing Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity (MSNA). MSNA is measured using microelectrodes placed near the peroneal nerve. On Day 2, hyperinsulinemic clamps are performed with pre-treatment with either placebo or spironolactone. Modified Oxford Procedures are performed prior to and during each clamp on Day 2. On Day 3, the autonomic testing performed on Day 1 is repeated..
About one-fifth of HIV-positive people in the United States remain unaware of their HIV status, and these individuals account for the majority of new transmissions. The preponderance of barriers to HIV has delayed diagnoses and treatment for HIV-infected individuals in the US, and such late diagnoses result in poorer outcomes for HIV-infected individuals and increased cost of medical care. The National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States has called for expanded HIV testing, but if the investigators simply replicate existing models, the investigators will continue to fail to reach and engage strategic at-risk populations. Project Building Bridges will use a community setting - the pharmacy - to establish an alternative site for HIV testing to engage large numbers of at risk populations, specifically men who have sex with men (MSM) of color, injection drug users (IDU), and African immigrants; increase HIV awareness, and reduce stigma by placing HIV testing in the context of a general health screening. There are two specific aims: 1) Build partnerships with community stakeholders to understand current barriers to HIV testing, and 2) Determine the effectiveness of a health screening approach by measuring acceptance of HIV testing. In the qualitative research phase, we will conduct focus group discussions of MSM of color, IDUs, and African immigrants, led by the Latino Commission on AIDS, a community-based organization with extensive experience in cultural competency training and utilizations of community social networks, especially with higher risk minority populations, to obtain insights that will help increase participation in HIV testing. Data obtained through qualitative work will guide the development of the "health screening" model, which would include other screening tests (like sugar, blood pressure, hepatitis C, etc) with an HIV test, depending on what the high risk groups preferred in the wellness bundle. The hypothesis is that, by tailoring the health screens, this bundling model will circumvent the stigma associated with HIV testing in these high-risk populations and increase HIV testing acceptance rates. The investigators will conduct a two-group randomized control trial comparing the "health screening" model (intervention) to an HIV test offer (control) in community pharmacies in the Bronx. The trial will help determine the preliminary impact on the acceptance of HIV testing when coupled with an overall health wellness screen. The investigators will also conduct a secondary analysis on HIV testing acceptance rates based on each high-risk groups.
PURPOSE: Neurodevelopmental disorders exhibit clinical and genetic heterogeneity, ergo manifest dysfunction in components of diverse cellular pathways; the precise pathomechanism for the majority remains elusive.
METHODS: We studied 5 affected individuals from 3 unrelated families manifesting global developmental delay, postnatal microcephaly, and hypotonia. We used exome sequencing and prioritized variants that were subsequently characterized using immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, pulldown assays, and RNA sequencing.
RESULTS: We identified biallelic variants in ZFTRAF1, encoding a protein of yet unknown function. Four affected individuals from 2 unrelated families segregated 2 homozygous frameshift variants in ZFTRAF1, whereas, in the third family, an intronic splice site variant was detected. We investigated ZFTRAF1 at the cellular level and signified it as a nucleocytoplasmic protein in different human cell lines. ZFTRAF1 was completely absent in the fibroblasts of 2 affected individuals. We also identified 110 interacting proteins enriched in mRNA processing and autophagy-related pathways. Based on profiling of autophagy markers, patient-derived fibroblasts show irregularities in the protein degradation process.
CONCLUSION: Thus, our findings suggest that biallelic variants of ZFTRAF1 cause a severe neurodevelopmental disorder.
Of the 304 patients with cancer in clinical studies of fentanyl buccal tablets, 69 (23%) were 65 years of age and older. Patients over the age of 65 years tended to titrate to slightly lower doses than younger patients. Patients over the age of 65 years reported a slightly higher frequency for some adverse events specifically vomiting, constipation, and abdominal pain. Therefore, caution should be exercised in individually titrating fentanyl buccal tablet in elderly patients to provide adequate efficacy while minimizing risk.

Respiratory depression is the chief risk for elderly patients treated with opioids, and has occurred after large initial doses were administered to patients who were not opioid-tolerant or when opioids were co-administered with other agents that depress respiration. Titrate the dosage of fentanyl buccal tablet slowly in geriatric patients and frequently reevaluate the patient for signs of central nervous system and respiratory depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)].

Fentanyl is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to regularly evaluate renal function.
Findings from the comprehensive pain assessment will be used to inform a medication-focused pain plan. Medications will be optimized following an algorithm the investigators created based upon NCCN's Survivorship Guidelines and AHRQ's comprehensive review of non-opioid treatments for chronic pain. After 6mo, subjects will receive buprenorphine and attempt to taper opioids for following 3 mo.
The present invention discloses emmenia regulating powder, which relates to medicinal powder which is taken with water and is used for regulating and curing female menoxenia and other gynaecologic symptoms. The medical powder is prepared from nutgrass galingale rhizome, angelica, zedoray rhizome, herba agastachis, orange fruit, white peony alba, cortex moutan root-bark of tree peony, villous amomum fruit, trogopterus dung, medicinal evodia fruit, fennel, hemlock parsley, prepared rhizome of rehmannia, herba lycopi and motherwort. The emmenia regulating powder can promote the circulation of qi, resolve depression, regulate emmenia, relieve pain, break blood for dissipating blood stasis, promote blood circulation for regulating emmenia, dredge the channel, nourish blood and the liver, regulate emmenia for alleviating pain, warm the middle warmer for eliminating dampness, and harmonize the stomach for stopping vomit, and together forms the effects of regulating vital energy to resolve depression, promoting blood circulation for regulating emmenia, and dissolving stasis for alleviating pain. When used by patients, the emmenia regulating powder is brewed with boiling water, and is drunk instead of tea. 10 g of the emmenia regulating powder is brewed at a time, the powder is taken three times a day, and 10 days forms one curative course. In Minhou county of Fujian province, the ZhouFu Chinese medicine clinic uses the emmenia regulating powder to carry out clinical curative effect tests to 50 patients with menoxenia and dysmenorrhoea. The conclusion shows that: among the 50 patients, 31 patients are cured and account for 62%; 8 patients are improved and account for 16%; the power is effective to 5 patients accounting for 12%. The tests prove that the emmenia regulating powder has obvious curative effect when used for regulating and curing female menoxenia and other gynaecologic symptoms.
The goals of this study are to elucidate the function of extrarenal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity in the setting of renal failure and to evaluate the role of nutritional vitamin D deficiency as a potential contributor to monocyte-associated inflammatory pathways in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study will consist of patients on chronic maintenance hemodialysis three times per week who have been identified to have nutritional vitamin D deficiency. After consent for study enrollment, patients will undergo a 4 week washout period of all active vitamin D supplementation. After washout is complete, an blood sample will be obtained for baseline 25(OH)D levels and monocyte isolation for analysis by flow cytometry. Patients will then be started on cholecalciferol 50,000 IU twice weekly for 8 weeks. 25-vitamin D levels will be monitored midway through the treatment phase of the study and dosing adjusted as further described in detail within the protocol section. An additional blood sample will be drawn post-therapy for repeat 25(OH)D levels and monocyte isolation for flow cytometry analysis.
BACKGROUND: Extensive observational studies have reported an association between inflammatory factors and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but their causal relationships remain unclear. This study aims to offer deeper insight into causal relationships between circulating inflammatory factors and ASD.
METHODS: Two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis method was used in this study. The genetic variation of 91 circulating inflammatory factors was obtained from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) database of European ancestry. The germline GWAS summary data for ASD were also obtained (18,381 ASD cases and 27,969 controls). Single nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with the 91 inflammatory factors were used as instrumental variables. The random-effects inverse-variance weighted method was used as the primary analysis, and the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied. Sensitivity tests were carried out to assess the validity of the causal relationship.
RESULTS: The forward MR analysis results suggest that levels of sulfotransferase 1A1, natural killer cell receptor 2B4, T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5, Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand are positively associated with the occurrence of ASD, while levels of interleukin-7, interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta, and interleukin-2 are inversely associated with the occurrence of ASD. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase-10, caspase 8, tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine, and C-C motif chemokine 19 were considered downstream consequences of ASD.
CONCLUSION: This MR study identified additional inflammatory factors in patients with ASD relative to previous studies, and raised a possibility of ASD-caused immune abnormalities. These identified inflammatory factors may be potential biomarkers of immunologic dysfunction in ASD.