anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Persistent pain frequently precipitates the development of anxiety disorders, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we employed a mouse model that simulates trigeminal neuralgia and observed a marked reduction in the activity of GABAergic neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb), a critical region for modulating pain and anxiety. We utilized precise optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques to modulate these neurons, which significantly alleviated behaviors associated with pain and anxiety. Our investigations revealed an inhibitory pathway from the LHb GABAergic neurons to the posterior paraventricular thalamus. Activation of this pathway primarily mitigated pain-related behaviors, with minimal effects on anxiety. Conversely, interactions between GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons within the LHb were essential in alleviating both pain and anxiety following trigeminal nerve damage. Additionally, we identified that β-sitosterol interacts directly with LHb GABAergic neurons via the estrogen receptor α, providing dual therapeutic effects for both pain and anxiety. These findings highlight the critical role of reduced GABAergic neuronal activity in the LHb in the intersection of pain and anxiety, pointing to promising therapeutic possibilities.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal hematopoietic disorder that occurs on a background of bone marrow failure (BMF). In PNH, chronic intravascular hemolysis causes an increase in morbidity and mortality, mainly because of thromboses. Over the last 20 years, treatment of PNH has focused on the complement protein C5 to prevent intravascular hemolysis using the monoclonal antibody eculizumab and more recently ravulizumab. In the United Kingdom, all patients are under review at 1 of 2 reference centers. We report on all 509 UK patients with PNH treated with eculizumab and/or ravulizumab between May 2002 and July 2022. The survival of patients with eculizumab and ravulizumab was significantly lower than that of age- and sex-matched controls (P = .001). Only 4 patients died of thromboses. The survival of patients with PNH (n = 389), when those requiring treatment for BMF (clonal evolution to myelodysplastic syndrome or acute leukemia or had progressive unresponsive aplastic anemia) were excluded, was not significantly different from that of age- and sex-matched controls (P = .12). There were 11 cases of meningococcal sepsis (0.35 events per 100 patient-years). Extravascular hemolysis was evident in patients who received treatment, with 26.7% of patients requiring transfusions in the most recent 12 months on therapy. Eculizumab and ravulizumab are safe and effective therapies that reduce mortality and morbidity in PNH, but further work is needed to reduce mortality in those with concomitant BMF.
FIELD: medicine. ^ SUBSTANCE: method related to field of medicine, namely to transfusiology. Method includes collecting umbilical cord blood (UCB) into container, weighing it with calculation of its volume, determining type of human leukocyte antigen for comparing hypocompatibility, presence or absence of infection, introduction into packet with UCB, anticoagulant and hydroxyethyl starch, mechanical mixing of packet content in various planes, incubation after mixing at room temperature with separation of erythrocyte mass (EM) by sedimentation, placement of centrifuge chamber in separator, connecting to it on symmetry axis main pipeline, the latter being connected via distribution unit via pipelines to sacks for collection of blood components and to packet with mixture of UCB, anticoagulant and hydroxyethyl starch. After that, chamber is filled with packet content, and mixture is subjected to separation, with its separation into EM, plasma and leukocyte concentrate with their distribution into corresponding sacks and into empty packet. After separation, viability and amount of SC are determined, they are checked on biological inoculation of sample of plasma and EM mixture, dose of plasma is tested for detection of antibodies, hemotransmissive infections, dose of EM is used to determine blood group and Rhesus factor. ^ EFFECT: method application makes it possible to increase quality and reliability of determining SM from various biological contaminations. ^ 1 dwg
Improved method for the isomerisation and transesterification of Vitamin A. Isomerisation of the isomeric mixture is carried out using iodine in the presence of a basic amine which functions as an improved isomerisation catalyst system. In this way the unwanted cis isomers, in particular the 9-cis isomers can be reduced to less than 5%. A wide range of solvents can be used, preferably those in which both the starting material and product are soluble. Preferred solvent system is n-hexane or pyridine. Esters of vitamin A can also be used for the process. Optimum temperature for the reaction is 50-60 deg.C for between 5 and 12 hrs. Isomeric mixtures of vitamin A containing the less active 9-cis isomer, 13-cis isomer and 11-cis and 11, 13-dicis isomers can be converted to the more active trans form thus enabling a smaller dose to be used in pharmaceutical preparations. Existing isomerisation techniques result in the production of about up to 20% of the unwanted 9-cis isomer, a disadvantage which is overcome by using the present method.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the utility of prophylactic antibiotics before pyloromyotomy for the prevention of Surgical Site Infections (SSI) among children with Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS).
METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases was performed to identify papers published till 30th July 2024. The main outcome of interest was the incidence of SSIs. The relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using a random effects model. The I2 statistic was used to calculate the heterogeneity. The Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale (NOS) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies.
RESULTS: Five studies, published between 1999 and 2024, were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The risk of developing SSI among those treated was RR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.78, with I2 = 0%, indicating no incremental benefit of administration of prophylactic antibiotics. A sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding the database studies. Results from this analysis (RR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.29 to 2.20, I2 = 0%) demonstrated that no significant difference was observed after excluding studies with large sample sizes. All included studies were of good methodological quality as assessed with the NOS.
CONCLUSION: The findings of this review demonstrate no incremental benefit of the administration of prophylactic antibiotics before pyloromyotomy in preventing SSIs in children with IHPS. However, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials need to be conducted in the future before any definite conclusions are drawn in this regard.
This study is a prospective, multi-center, randomized controlled study. It is planned to enroll 1200 patients with anterior STEMI. Immediately after the first medical contact, the patients who were determined by the investigator to meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria were randomized through the interactive web response system (IWRS) and received different pre-reperfusion treatments. The four groups were placebo group, metoprolol group, remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) group and metoprolol \& RIC group. Subsequently, the investigator conduct diagnosis and treatment according to the patient's specific conditions and check the serum level of myocardial damage markers (i.e. CK and CK-MB) at the time of admission, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 hours, respectively. If the patient undergoes PCI treatment, additional detection of myocardial damage markers immediately after PCI is also required. All patients were followed for 1 year with an office visit or a telephone call at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months to evaluate the health status and adverse clinical events of patients.
Effective use of a TGF-.beta. antagonist to treat or to prevent loss of transplant function is described herein. Use of a TGF-.beta. antagonist is demonstrated to effectively prevent loss of organ function in a host due to chronic rejection in which TGF-.beta.-mediated fibroproliferation is a characteristic. Expression in situ of a TGF-.beta. antagonist in the form of a recombinant receptor, i.e., TGF-.beta. type III receptor (TGFBIIIR) showed prevention of bronchiolitis obliterans in comparison to untreated controls in a rat lung transplant model. This provides an effective method for preventing or inhibiting chronic rejection of transplant organs such as lung, kidney, liver and hear in vertebrate hosts including human hosts.
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a health problem that causes significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. The prevalence of the disease is increasing worldwide, especially in developing countries. Hemodialysis (HD) is the most common treatment method for CRF in the world. Approximately 90% of patients with CRF receive HD treatment. Despite advances in technology and medical care due to HD treatment, patients experience many physical and psychosocial symptoms. It is emphasized that comfort is significantly negatively affected in HD patients due to reasons such as the direct impact of HD treatment on the daily and social lives of patients. Increasing the comfort level is important for the patient to continue their daily life activities. In addition, comfort is accepted as the basis of quality nursing care. Increasing the comfort levels of HD patients provides lower comorbidity and mortality rates and improvement in institutional patient outcomes. Fatigue, one of the physical symptoms seen in HD patients, affects 60-95% of patients. Fatigue increases the patients' dependency levels, reduces their physical capabilities, negatively affects the patient and their family economically and reduces their quality of life. Therefore, effective management of fatigue is of great importance for the patient. Despite affecting the patients' lives to this extent, fatigue and discomfort have often been overlooked and neglected symptoms due to their subjective nature. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment methods are used to control fatigue due to CRF or HD and to bring the desired patient comfort. One of the non-pharmacological methods is massage. Massage can be defined as scientific systematic manipulations applied to body tissues in order to affect the locomotor system and nervous system as well as the general circulation. There are studies in the literature where various applications are applied to HD patients to affect fatigue and comfort. However, it is striking that there is no study examining the effect of massage on the comfort and fatigue levels of patients receiving HD treatment. Therefore, the research was planned to examine the effect of massage on the comfort level and fatigue level of HD patients.
DCR-AUD is being developed for the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in adults using an RNA interference (RNAi) technology platform. This is a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, PK, and PD of single-ascending doses (SAD) of DCR-AUD administered to adult HVs. The single doses of DCR-AUD will be administered to adult HVs across 4 sequential cohorts (3 planned \[80 mg, 240 mg, 480 mg\] and one optional \[960 mg\]). Each cohort will comprise a sentinel group of 3 participants (2 active, 1 placebo) and an expanded group of 6 participants (4 active, 2 placebo). The sentinel group will be followed for the assessment of safety and tolerability and characterization of PK but who will not undergo any EIAs. Participants will receive a single dose of study intervention on Day 1 and will be followed for 24 weeks. Participants who have positive ethanol reaction symptoms at the Day 169 EIA (e.g., nausea, vomiting, or substantial flushing) will return every 28 (±7) days for follow-up EIAs until the positive ethanol reaction symptoms abate. These conditional follow-up (CFU) EIAs will not require overnight admission to the clinic, but all other aspects of the EIA will be conducted (see Table 3). Participants will be observed for not less than 6 hours after ethanol administration and will not be discharged until the Investigator deems it medically safe to do so.
FIELD: organic synthesis. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to high-efficiency angiotensin II receptor antagonists and provides compounds with general formula I:   where R 2B  and R 3B , the same or different, are hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower fluoroalkyl, and lower thioalkyl; A 1B , A 2B , A 3B  and A 4B  are carbon or nitrogen, one or two of them being nitrogen and at least one of them being methyne group; R 3  is hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, phenyl, alkoxycarbonyl, and thioalkyl; R 4  hydrogen, hydroxyl, arylalkyl, arylalkoxy, aryloxy, and arylamino groups. Compound I is prepared by reaction of compound II (formula  ) with compound   where   are the same as R 2B  and R 3B  in compound I,   are R 4  in which reactive groups can be protected, and alk is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, to form compound III (formula  ) that is further subjected to cyclization. Reaction is carried out in organic solvent. EFFECT: new efficient drugs prepared. 7 cl, 38 ex
Participants randomized into the control communities will receive Vitamin A and Zinc supplements as control drugs on Day 0. On Day 1, these participants will receive the SMC drug (Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine) (SP) and Amodiaquine (AQ) daily on Days 1,2 and 3.
INTRODUCTION: This study sought to elucidate the impact of vein of Marshall (VOM) chemical ablation on atrial fibrillation (AF) drivers by investigating the changes in CARTOFINDER mappings before and after VOM chemical ablation in patients with persistent AF.
METHODS: This study included 23 consecutive patients undergoing catheter ablation for long-persistent AF (>18 months). VOM chemical ablation was performed following pulmonary vein isolation. CARTOFINDER and AF cycle length (AFCL) maps were created in the left atrium (LA) before and after VOM chemical ablation. The LA was divided into 8 segments, and the number of focal activation points with 6 or more repetitions was counted in each segment.
RESULTS: The number of focal activation points was largest in the LA appendage (LAA). After VOM chemical ablation, the number of focal activation points in the LA decreased significantly (37 [interquartile range, IQR: 19-55] vs. 15 [IQR: 7-21], p < .001), and median AFCL was significantly prolonged (159 [147-168] vs. 164 [150-173] ms, p < .001). In the assessment of each segment, significant decreases in focal activation points were observed in the inferior, lateral, and anterior segments and LAA. Among the focal activation points disappearing after chemical ablation, the number in the non-ethanol-affected area was significantly larger than that in the affected area (13 [8-25] vs. 4 [1-10], p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS: VOM chemical ablation decreases AF drivers detected by CARTOFINDER. Mechanisms other than direct myocardial damage are considered to contribute the attenuation of AF drivers.
PURPOSE: A clinical data analysis device and an analysis method thereof are provided to supply reference data or warning for a health state of a subject with an only statistical method, thereby automatically sensing a health abnormality of the subject. CONSTITUTION: A statistics processing unit (310) collects and stores first clinical data or second clinical data. The statistics processing unit provides a statistics result of the first clinical data as statistics data. A statistics analysis unit (320) verifies relation between the second clinical data and the statistics data or predicts a disease progress degree of a subject who provides the second clinical data. The statistics analysis unit provides a verification result or a prediction result to a user terminal as medical data. [Reference numerals] (100) Medical information collection device; (200) Hospital obligation recording storage device; (310) Statistics processing unit; (320) Statistics analysis unit; (330) Message transmission unit; (400) User terminal; (AA) First and second clinical data; (BB) Second clinical data; (CC) Statistics data; (DD) Dangerous signal; (EE) Guide message; (FF) Determination input value; (GG) Medical data
Methods: This is a randomized controlled trial which will be composed of volunteers of both genders, aged between 35 and 60 years. All volunteers will undergo pre-assessment (Av1): pain sensation, pain and function, shoulder range of motion, muscle strength, electromyographic activity and kinematics of the shoulder complex. After the initial evaluation, the volunteers will be randomly divided into two groups to carry out the intervention: exercises (GE - conventional exercises with elastic band) and motor control (GCM - motor control training). The intervention protocol will last eight weeks. After four weeks, the second assessment (AV2), similar to AV1, will be performed and the global change perception questionnaire will be added. At the end of the intervention protocol, the third evaluation (AV3), similar to AV2, will be performed. A follow-up will be performed after 4 weeks of the end of the intervention protocol, with the assessment being equal to AV3.

The project will be submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte through the national interface "Plataforma Brasil". The study will also be registered on the international clinical trial platform, ClinicalTrials.gov. The study will only begin after approval of the ethics and research committee. All volunteers should read and sign the terms of free and informed consent.
Mothers from two study sites at different latitudes will be randomized to receive 1 of 3 treatment regimes of vitD3. Mothers, lactating or nonlactating controls will be randomized to either Group A: standard treatment(400 IU D3/d), Group B: (2,400 IU D3/d), or Group C: (6,400 IU D3/d. Infants of mothers randomized to Group A will receive 400 IU D3/d (recommended practice) and infants of mothers assigned to Groups B or C will receive placebo. On 2/5/2009, the protocol was amended and the Group B arm was dropped; infants of active subjects randomized to Group B as of 2/5/2009 were put on open label treatment (400 IU D3/d) through study completion. Newly enrolled subjects after this date were randomized to Group A or Group C only.

By measuring an array of indicators,calcium homeostasis and skeletal remodeling in the postpartum mother and the breastfeeding infant will be monitored. Through this study, the prevalence of vitD deficiency in the breastfeeding dyad and the utility of maternal therapeutic intervention with VitD3 will be assessed.
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is an infectious bacterium that is frequently found in healthcare settings and the community. This study aimed to prepare rutin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Rut-CS NPs) and assess their antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains of S. aureus.
RESULTS: The synthesized Rut-CS NPs exhibited an amorphous morphology with a size ranging from 160 to 240 nm and a zeta potential of 37.3 mV. Rut-CS NPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus strains. Following exposure to Rut-CS NPs, the production of staphyloxanthin pigment decreased by 43.31-89.63%, leading to increased susceptibility of S. aureus to hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, visual inspection of cell morphology indicated changes in membrane integrity and permeability upon Rut-CS NPs exposure, leading to a substantial increase (107.07-191.08%) in cytoplasmic DNA leakage in the strains. Furthermore, ½ MIC of Rut-CS NPs effectively inhibited the biofilm formation (22.5-37.5%) and hemolytic activity (69-82.59%) in the S. aureus strains.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study showcases that Rut-CS NPs can serve as a novel treatment agent to combat S. aureus infections by altering cell morphology and inhibiting virulence factors of S. aureus.
The present invention relates to an injection for treating thrombopenic purpura, and an application of the injection. A medicine commonly adopted in the prior art is adrenocortical hormone as a first choice, and the spleen is ablated when necessary. The present invention comprises that 1. an injection is composed of isotonic solution which comprises an arsinous acid of 1/1, 000, 000 to 17/1000.2. an injection is composed of isotonic solution which comprises an arsinous acid of 1/1, 000 to 17/1000.3. in the application of the present invention to medicines for treating primary thrombopenic purpura, 10 ml of the injection for treating primary thrombopenic purpura is compounded into 500 ml of isotonic solution to be used as an intravenous drip medicine. The product is used for treating primary thrombopenic purpura, and has no toxic or side effect on the normal cells, and a complete relieving rate reaches up to 80% in 4 weeks.
Folate Depletion Arm and Supplementation Arm:

The folate depletion study requires an 8-week run-in period. During this run-in period, all participants will eat an average folate diet with no high folate containing foods. There are two screening visits during this period where initial blood-work is done and participants undergo nutritional consultation. Following the 8-week run-in period, subjects in the folate depletion arm will be hospitalized for approximately 3 months at the Rockefeller University Hospital. You may leave the hospital during the day, but are required to return each evening. During this entire time, subjects are given a low folate diet. During the last month of the study, folate supplements are given to replace folate in the body. A follow-up visit is required approximately 1 month after the study period. Blood will be drawn every two weeks. Four sigmoidoscopies will be taken at approximately monthly intervals. A male is required to use an effective form of birth control throughout his participation in the study and for two months after the study ends.

The folate supplementation study requires an 8-week run-in period. During this run-in period, all participants will eat an average folate diet with no high folate containing foods. There are two screening visits during this period where initial blood-work is done and participants undergo nutritional consultation. Following the 8-week run-in period, subjects in the folate supplementation arm will be given a folate supplement for 8 weeks. During this entire time, subjects will continue to eat an average folate diet with no high folate containing foods. Blood samples and colorectal mucosa samples obtained during a sigmoidoscopy will be taken 3 times at 4 week intervals.
PURPOSE:To provide a black liquid cosmetic composed of black processed powder produced by adsorbing titanium oxynitride to the surface of powdery resin by electrostatic force, propylene glycol, etc., and purified water, having low toxicity, capable of keeping the dispersed state stably for a long period and applicable with a pen or brush-type applicator. CONSTITUTION:The objective black liquid cosmetic has a viscosity of 1.5-700cps and contains (A) black processed powder obtained by mixing and grinding titanium oxynitride having an oxygen content of 4-35wt% and a nitrogen content of 2-20wt% and a powdery resin (e.g. cellulose acetate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.) having an average particle diameter of 0.2-30mu, (B) propylene glycol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol or 1,3-butylene glycol or their mixture (acting as an anti-freeze agent and moistureretaining agent) and (C) purified water. EFFECT:There is no possibility of contamination of titanium oxynitride with 3,4-benzopyrene. It has high dispersion stability because of the lack of magnetism.