anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Vasoactive compounds are described for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and impotence. The compounds are reaction products of an anionic or negatively charged vasoactive or erection-inducing component and a cationic or positively charged vasoactive or erection-inducing component. These components are combined as acids and bases to form an organic salt or ionically bonded compound. The compounds have advantageous solubility characteristics and efficacy. A compound of the invention is combined with a pharmaceutical vehicle to form a composition which preferably includes an emulsifier. A local anesthetic and/or androgenic steroids may also be included. Compositions of the invention may also include more than one vasoactive organic salt compound. The composition can be advantageously formulated and administered to allow self-adjusted dosing, while minimizing or preventing overdosing.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at high risk to develop cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) postoperatively. CS-AKI is associated with an increased risk for persistent renal dysfunction, morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes the epidemiology and pathophysiology of CS-AKI, as well as current treatment and prevention strategies.
RECENT FINDINGS: As AKI is a syndrome with complex pathophysiology, no causative treatment strategies exist. Recent advances in the field of AKI biomarkers offer new perspectives on the issue and the implementation of biomarker-guided preventive strategies may reduce rates of CS-AKI. Finally, nephroprotective treatments and angiotensin II as a novel vasopressor may offer new opportunities for high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
SUMMARY: Based on the described novel approaches for early detection, prevention and management of CS-AKI, a precision-medicine approach should be implemented in order to prevent the development of AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
BACKGROUND: Extramural venous invasion (EMVI) is a prognostic factor in rectal cancer. There are two types: EMVI detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (mr-EMVI) and EMVI detected by pathology (p-EMVI). They have been separately evaluated, but they have not yet been concurrently evaluated. We therefore evaluate both mr-EMVI and p-EMVI in rectal cancer at the same time and clarify their association with prognosis.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Included were the 186 consecutive patients who underwent complete radical resection of tumors ≤ stage III at Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Japan, between 2010 and 2018. All underwent preoperative MRI examination, and were reassessed for EMVI by a radiologist. Surgically resected specimens were then reassessed for EMVI by a pathologist. We assessed the correlation between positivity of mr-EMVI and p-EMVI and prognosis, and the clinicopathological background behind them.
RESULTS: Patients with double negativity for mr-EMVI and p-EMVI had better prognosis than patients with mr-EMVI or p-EMVI positivity (p < 0.0001). Positivity for mr-EMVI or p-EMVI was a poor independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Combined analysis of mr-EMVI and p-EMVI may enable prediction of postoperative prognosis of rectal cancer. Patients with double negativity of mr-EMVI and p-EMVI had better prognosis than patients with some form of positivity. Stated differently, patients with positivity of mr-EMVI, p-EMVI, or both had a poorer prognosis than those with double negativity. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy may improve poor prognosis. Combined evaluation of mr-EMVI and p-EMVI may be used to predict clinical outcomes and may be an effective prognostic predictor of rectal cancer.
Those that are not randomized into the intervention group will receive the standard of care for a trigger thumb release, which is administration of 2.5 cc of 0.25% marcaine without epinephrine following completion of surgery. The local anesthetic will be administered by the treating surgeon.
Patients will be treated using image-guided, volumetric intensity-modulated arc radiotherapy (IGRT-VMAT) with emphasis on normal tissue sparing and delivery accuracy via the use of devices that ensure stability and beam location reproducibility. Patients will be treated with a single fraction at a prescription dose of 24 Gy.
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for dementia and cognitive impairment.
METHODS: We used the model of transverse aortic constriction to induce chronic pressure overload in mice. We characterized brain injury by advanced translational applications of magnetic resonance imaging. In parallel, we analyzed peripheral target organ damage induced by chronic pressure overload by ultrasonography. Microscopical characterization of brain vasculature was performed as well, together with the analysis of immune and inflammatory markers.
RESULTS: We identified a specific structural, microstructural, and functional brain injury. In particular, we highlighted a regional enlargement of the hypothalamus, microstructural damage in the white matter of the fimbria, and a reduction of the cerebral blood flow. A parallel analysis performed by confocal microscopy revealed a correspondent tissue damage evidenced by a reduction of cerebral capillary density, paired with loss of pericyte coverage. We assessed cognitive impairment and cardiac damage induced by hypertension to perform correlation analyses with the brain injury severity. At the mechanistic level, we found that CD8+T cells, producing interferon-γ, infiltrated the brain of hypertensive mice. By neutralizing this proinflammatory cytokine, we obtained a rescue of the phenotype, demonstrating their crucial role in establishing the microvascular damage.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we have used translational tools to comprehensively characterize brain injury in a mouse model of hypertension induced by chronic pressure overload. We have identified early cerebrovascular damage in hypertensive mice, sustained by CD8+IFN-γ+T lymphocytes, which fuel neuroinflammation to establish the injury of brain capillaries.
Paediatric brain damage is categorized into two main types: cerebral palsy, characterized by permanent impairments in posture and movement due to non-progressive brain injuries during gestation and early years of life, and acquired paediatric brain damage, which encompasses sudden brain injuries occurring after birth, stemming from various causes such as traumatic brain injuries, strokes, infections, and brain tumors. Cerebral palsy is estimated to affect 2 cases per 1,000 births, while acquired childhood brain damage exhibits variable incidences depending on the cause. Both categories manifest a broad spectrum of symptoms, ranging from motor and sensory impairments to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional issues, necessitating a transdisciplinary rehabilitation approach. Neuroplasticity has an essential role in function developing and recovery, because of that several rehabilitation techniques are based on this concept, such as virtual reality. Non-invasive brain stimulation is developed to enhance these neuroplasticity mechanisms and, used as a coadjuvant therapy, seeks to get greater and faster results from rehabilitation treatments. Specifically transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown positive results in motor functions like gait, balance and upper limb function, when applied as anodal tDCS over M1 cortex. The aim of this study is to conduct an independent parallel randomized trial to assess the effectiveness of tDCS combined with virtual reality in paediatric brain damage in upper limb function, as well as study if the stimulation conducted in M1 cortex has influenced in another cerebral areas and therefore causes changes in cognitive functioning such as executive functions and attention.
OBJECTIVES: I. Assess the value of idarubicin added to the standard conditioning regimen of allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome at high risk of relapse. II. Determine time to recovery of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte (PMN) and platelet counts in these patients. III. Evaluate the rate and type of grade 3-4 toxicity, particularly mucositis, and the number of days with fever in these patients. IV. Determine the incidence of acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) in these patients.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to disease (acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) vs acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) or lymphoblastic leukemia (LL) vs myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or secondary AML vs chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) vs non-Hodgkin's lymphoma vs multiple myeloma), stage of disease (if not CML, 1st complete response (CR) vs 2nd CR vs no 1st/2nd CR; if CML, 1st CR vs other phases), conditioning regimen (cyclophosphamide (CTX) and total body irradiation (TBI) vs busulfan (BU) and CTX vs other), source of donor (allogeneic vs autologous), T-cell depletion or autologous transplantation (no vs yes), and source of stem cells (bone marrow vs peripheral blood stem cell). Patients are randomized to receive a standard regimen or an intensified regimen. Standard pretransplant treatment: CTX on days -6 and -5 and TBI on days -4 through -2, or BU on days -8 through -5 and CTX on days -4 and -3, or BU on days -8 through -5 and melphalan IV on day -4. Intensified pretransplant regimens: I. Continuous infusion of idarubicin (IDA) over 48 hours on days -12 and -11, followed 5 days later with CTX on days -6 and -5 and TBI on days -4 to -2 II. IDA followed 5 days later with BU on days -8 through -5, and then CTX on days -4 and -3 III. IDA followed by BU on days -8 through -5 and melphalan IV on day -4. Stem cells are infused on day 0. Patients are followed every 3 months during the first 3 years, then every 6 months thereafter.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 207 patients will be accrued for this study within 3 years.
Increased leptin resistance and methylglyoxal (MG) levels are observed in obese patients. However, whether MG deposits contribute to leptin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation in peripheral tissues remains unclear. In addition, the edible fruit of Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica L.) contains abundant bioactive components such as vitamin C, β-glucogallin (β-glu), gallic acid (GA), and ellagic acid (EA). Water extract of Indian gooseberry fruit (WEIG) and GA has been shown to improve cognitive decline by suppressing brain MG-induced insulin resistance in rats administered a high-fat diet (HFD). Accordingly, this study investigated the functions of WEIG and GA in inhibiting MG-induced leptin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the peripheral tissues of HFD-fed rats. The results showed that MG, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and leptin resistance accumulation in the liver, kidney, and perinephric fat were effectively restored by elevated glyoxalase-1 (Glo-1) activity after WEIG and GA administration comparable to that of alagebrium chloride (positive control) treatment in HFD-fed rats. Furthermore, WEIG and GA supplementation increased adiponectin and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase) and decreased inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) in the peripheral tissues of HFD-fed rats. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that MG may trigger leptin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation in peripheral tissues, which could be abolished by WEIG and GA treatment. These results show the potential of P. emblica for functional food development and improving obesity-associated metabolic disorders.
The invention relates to solutions containing IGF-1 or any functional analogue thereof in which pH is 5.5 to 6.5, preferably 5.7 to 6.2. The amount of phosphate as buffer substance should be in a concentration of less than 50 mmol/L. Preferably the formulation is an aqueous solution of IGF-1 and phosphate as buffer substance in a concentration of 5 to 50 mmol/L or more preferably 5-20 mmol/L, e.g. 10 mmol/L. The solution should be isotonic. The solution gives a reduced pain upon subcutaneous injection. The invention also relates to a process for preparation of the formulation by mixing IGF-1 or any functional analogue thereof with a buffer substance giving pH 5.5 to 6.5 and an isotonic agent. It also relates to a method for treatment of a patient in need of IGF-1 or any functional analogue thereof by administering the claimed formulation.
INTRODUCTION: The incidence of steatotic liver disease has increased in recent years. Thus, steatotic liver disease is a major public health issue in Japan. This study investigated the association between weight reduction and the remission of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)/Metabolic and alcohol related/associated liver disease (MetALD) in Japanese individuals undergoing health checkups.
METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 8,707 Japanese patients with MASLD/MetALD who underwent health checkups from May 2015 to March 2023. The participants were monitored for its remission at their subsequent visit. MASLD was diagnosed on abdominal ultrasonography and based on the presence of at least one of five metabolic abnormalities. The impact of body mass index (BMI) reduction on MASLD/MetALD remission was assessed via logistic regression analysis and using receiver operating characteristic curves.
RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis revealed that weight loss was significantly associated with MASLD/MetALD remission. Other factors including exercise habits and reduced alcohol consumption were significant predictors of MASLD/MetALD remission in the overall cohort and in male patients. The optimal BMI reduction cutoff values for MASLD/MetALD remission were 0.9 kg/m2 and 4.0% decrease in the overall cohort, 0.85 kg/m2 and 3.9% decrease in males, and 1.2 kg/m2 and 4.5% decrease in females. In participants with a BMI of 23 kg/m2, the cutoff values were 0.75 kg/m2 and 2.7% BMI reduction.
DISCUSSION: Weight reduction plays an important role in both MASLD and MetALD remission among Japanese individuals. That is, targeting specific BMI reduction is effective. This underscores the importance of targeted weight management strategies in preventing and managing MASLD/MetALD in the Japanese population.
BACKGROUND: Differences in demographics, risk factors, and clinical characteristics may contribute to variations in men and women in terms of the prevalence, clinical setting, and outcomes associated with worsening heart failure (WHF) events. We sought to describe sex-based differences in the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes associated with WHF events across clinical settings.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined adults diagnosed with HF from 2010 to 2019 within a large, integrated health care delivery system. Electronic health record data were accessed for hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits and observation stays, and outpatient encounters. WHF was identified using validated natural language processing algorithms and defined as ≥1 symptom, ≥2 objective findings (including ≥1 sign), and ≥1 change in HF-related therapy. Incidence rates and associated outcomes for WHF were compared across care setting by sex. We identified 1,122,368 unique clinical encounters with a diagnosis code for HF, with 124,479 meeting WHF criteria. These WHF encounters existed among 102,116 patients, of whom 48,543 (47.5%) were women and 53,573 (52.5%) were men. Women experiencing WHF were older and more likely to have HF with preserved ejection fraction compared with men. The clinical settings of WHF were similar among women and men: hospitalizations (36.8% vs 37.7%), ED visits or observation stays (11.8% vs 13.4%), and outpatient encounters (4.4% vs 4.9%). Women had lower odds of 30-day mortality after an index hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.83-0.93) or ED visit or observation stay (adjusted odds ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.75-0.98) for WHF.
CONCLUSIONS: Women and men contribute similarly to WHF events across diverse clinical settings despite marked differences in age and left ventricular ejection fraction.
In general, this invention relates to a micronutrient supplement that can be used in food or in animal feeds and to a method of enhancing the growth of animals using the micronutrient. The micronutrient supplement includes a basic salt of an essential metal. The essential metal can be formulated as a pharmaceutically acceptable basic salt that includes a divalent or trivalent cation of an essential metal, a pharmaceutically acceptable anion and a hydroxyl moiety. Representative essential metals for use in this invention include: Magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, cobalt, iron and chromium. When provided as a metal salt, the essential metal is highly bioavailable to enhance the survivability, growth, health and/or reproductivity of animals. The micronutrient supplement can be administered to animals either as a single supplement or admixed with other nutrients or feeds.
The present invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine drop pill for treating fever caused by respiratory tract viruses and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: areca seed, officinal magnolia bark, tsaoko amomum fruit, scutellaria, white peony alba and liquorice are extracted and refined to obtain an extract with the high content of effective components; next, the extract is added to a molten base material to be uniformly mixed to obtain a drop pill in a dropping mode; finally, the drop pill is dried. The traditional Chinese medicine drop pill is prepared from 20 to 60 portions of dayuan yin extract, 20 to 120 portions of base material and 0 to 5 portions of other auxiliary material according to the proportion by weight. The dayuan yin drop pill is used for treating the fever caused by respiratory tract viruses, and is in a solid dispersing preparation for first aid. The drop pill has the advantages of quick and strong effect, high biological utilization degree and convenient use. The preparation method for the drop pill has the advantages of simple device, convenient operation, high automation, low cost and easy quality control.
BACKGROUND: Standardized clinical care processes for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and a permanent ileostomy (PI) are lacking. The EndOTrial consortium aims to address this gap by developing pathways for care.
METHODS: In this umbrella review, we searched major databases for relevant systematic reviews (SRs) or scoping reviews (ScR) published until January 5, 2024. Screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal (AMSTAR 2) were performed by two independent reviewers.
RESULTS: Of 1349 screened papers, 22 reviews met our inclusion criteria, including 20 SRs (eight with meta-analysis) and 2 ScRs. None exclusively focused on PI. Furthermore, nine reviews did not mention patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and only two reviews included patients with high-output ileostomy, highlighting a large evidence gap. The identified reviews covered six categories with nine types of interventions, including ostomy care pathways, peristomal skin care, patient education, clinical management of high-output stoma, management and prevention of postoperative ileus, dietary and nutritional support, nursing and supporting care, telemedicine, and self-management interventions. Most SRs including nursing interventions for stoma care highlighted nurses' role in a variety of standard and specialized treatments. Notably, none of the reviews exclusively examined disease recurrence, stoma pouching systems or adhesives, behavioral interventions, or mental health in patients living with ileostomy.
CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for best practice interventions to treat complications and improve quality of life in patients living with an ileostomy for CD is limited and heterogeneous. These results outline the need for standardized clinical care processes and pathways tailored to the unique needs of this patient population.
Three dose groups were set up. The doses of QHRD107 capsules were 40 mg Q12H, 60 mg Q12H and 80 mg Q12H, respectively, combined with Venclexta and Azacitidine.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease that has increased in prevalence worldwide two- to threefold over the last 50 years. Current standard of care for atopic dermatitis includes topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, such as Elidel and Protopic. The chronic use of topical corticosteroids is limited by side effects including skin atrophy, striae, and even HPA axis suppression. The long-term effects of skin immunosuppression with calcineurin inhibitors are unknown and although not proven, a theoretical risk of skin cancer exists. Novel therapies for atopic dermatitis that avoid immunosupression are greatly needed.

Epiceram, a newly FDA-approved medical device is a topical barrier repair cream designed to deliver special epidermal lipids to the top layers of the skin in order to correct skin barrier abnormalities found in atopic dermatitis. Epiceram does not contain corticosteroids or other conventional anti-inflammatory components and represents a novel class of skin barrier repair therapy for inflammatory skin disease. The objective of this study is to determine whether Epiceram is a safe and effective therapy for mild to moderate atopic dermatitis and whether it may serve as an alternative to Elidel therapy.
The fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) has been recognized as a site of origin of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). However, absence of relevant  in vitro  human models that can recapitulate tissue-specific architecture has hindered understanding of FTE transformation and initiation of HGSC. Here, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were used to establish a novel 3-dimensional (3D) human FTE organoid  in vitro  model containing the relevant cell types of the human fallopian tube as well as a luminal architecture that closely reflects the organization of fallopian tissues  in vivo . Modulation of Wnt and nodal/activin signaling pathways provided iPSC differentiation into Müllerian cells and subsequent use of pro-Müllerian growth factors promoted FTE precursors. The expression of Müllerian markers verified correct cellular differentiation. An innovative 3D growth platform, which enabled the FTE organoid to self-organize into a convoluted luminal structure, permitted final differentiation to a FTE lineage. This powerful human-derived FTE organoid model can be used to study the earliest stages of HGSC development and to identify novel and specific biomarkers of early fallopian tube epithelial cell transformation.
Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) offers a novel therapeutic avenue for heart failure patients, particularly those unresponsive to cardiac resynchronization therapy within specific QRS duration ranges. This review elucidates CCM's mechanistic underpinnings, its impact on myocardial function, and utility across patient demographics. However, CCM is limited by insufficient data on mortality and hospitalization rate reductions, as well as the need for specialized device implantation skills. While prevailing research has concentrated on left ventricular effects, a knowledge gap persists for other patient subsets. Future inquiries should address combinatory treatment strategies, extended usage and the impact of atrial fibrillation on device implantation. Such expanded studies could refine therapeutic outcomes and widen the scope of beneficiaries.
Benzo-heterocyclic compds. of formula (I) are prepd. by the ring- closing reaction of quinoline derivs. of formula (II) to produce compds. of formula (III), and the hydrolyzation of (III).  In the formulas, R1 is H or lower alkyl; R2 is H, lower alkyl or lower alkanoyl; X is H or halogen; n is 1 or 2.  (I) are useful as an antibacterial agent and may be produced in a high purity and good yield.