anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
We aimed to investigate the role of Synbiotic preparations on the interaction of gut microbiota with AD development. APP/PS1 mice were randomized into APP/PS1 and Synbiotics groups, and C57BL/6J mice were used as wild type (WT) control group. The mice in the Synbiotics group and the APP/PS1 group were given Synbiotics and xylo-oligosaccharides for 3 months, respectively. The mice in the WT group were given the same amount of normal saline. Cognitive function was measured. Positron emission computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) was used to detect fasting blood glucose level. Immunohistochemical assay, ELISA, western blot and qRT-PCR were carried out to detect inflammatory factors. DNA extraction of fecal sample was performed to carry out sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis, metabolites sample preparation and Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (LC/MS) analysis were also performed. Synbiotics treatment can significantly ameliorate learning and memory competence by inhibiting Aβ protein deposition. Different bacteria in the intestine were significantly improved and changes in gut microbiota can affect the intestinal metabolism to affect multiple potential pathways after Synbiotics treatment. Synbiotics treatment can activate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARs) signaling pathway and significantly reduce neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice brains. Synbiotics treatment can effectively reduce neuro-inflammatory response through the regulation of intestinal microflora to delay AD development.
Intervention: One dose of pembrolizumab 200 mg (week 1) followed by lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) 54 Gy 3 fractions (#) in week 3. Treatment with pembrolizumab 200 mg will be continued given every 3 weeks.
Of the total number of patients that were treated with BELBUCA in controlled and open-label chronic pain trials (2,127), 340 patients were 65 years and older. Of those, 49 patients were aged 75 years and older. The incidences of selected BELBUCA-related adverse effects were higher in older subjects.

No notable differences in pharmacokinetics were observed from population pharmacokinetic analysis in subjects aged 65 compared to younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience with buprenorphine has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. Although specific dose adjustments on the basis of advanced age are not required for pharmacokinetic reasons, use caution in the elderly population to ensure safe use. Titrate the dosage of BELBUCA slowly in geriatric patients and monitor closely for signs of central nervous system and respiratory depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Buprenorphine is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.
When available, the clinical microbiology laboratory should provide the results of in vitro susceptibility test results for antimicrobial drug products used in resident hospitals to the physician as periodic reports that describe the susceptibility profile of nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens. These reports should aid the physician in selecting an antibacterial drug product for treatment.

  * Dilution Techniques: Quantitative methods are used to determine antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). These MICs provide estimates of the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds. The MICs should be determined using a standardized test method (broth and/or agar).1,3,4 The MIC values should be interpreted according to criteria provided in Table 1.   

  * Diffusion Techniques: Quantitative methods that require measurement of zone diameters can also provide reproducible estimates of the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds. The zone size provides an estimate of the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds. The zone size should be determined using a standardized test method.2,3,4 This procedure uses paper disks impregnated with 5 mcg ciprofloxacin to test the susceptibility of bacteria to ciprofloxacin. The disc diffusion interpretive criteria are provided in Table 1.



A report of “Susceptible” indicates that the antimicrobial is likely to inhibit growth of the pathogen if the antimicrobial compound reaches the concentrations at the site of infection necessary to inhibit growth of the pathogen. A report of “Intermediate” indicates that the result should be considered equivocal, and, if the microorganism is not fully susceptible to alternative, clinically feasible drugs, the test should be repeated. This category implies possible clinical applicability in body sites where the drug is physiologically concentrated or in situations where high dosage of drug can be used. This category also provides a buffer zone that prevents small uncontrolled technical factors from causing major discrepancies in interpretation. A report of “Resistant” indicates that the antimicrobial is not likely to inhibit growth of the pathogen if the antimicrobial compound reaches the concentrations usually achievable at the infection site; other therapy should be selected. 

  * Quality Control: Standardized susceptibility test procedures require the use of laboratory controls to monitor the accuracy and precision of supplies and reagents used in the assay, and the techniques of the individuals performing the test.1,2,3,4 Standard ciprofloxacin powder should provide the following range of MIC values noted in Table 2. For the diffusion technique using the ciprofloxacin 5 mcg disk the criteria in Table 2 should be achieved.
A pharmaceutical dosage form such as a capsule capable of delivering therapeutic agents into the body in a time controlled or position controlled pulsatile release fashion, is composed of a multitude of multicoated particulates (beads, pellets, granules, etc.) made of one or more populations of beads. Each of these beads except an immediate release bead has at least two coated membrane barriers. One of the membrane barriers is composed of an enteric polymer while the second membrane barrier is composed of a mixture of water insoluble polymer and an enteric polymer. The composition and the thickness of the polymeric membrane barriers determine the lag time and duration of drug release from each of the bead populations. Optionally, an organic acid containing intermediate membrane may be applied for further modifying the lag time and or the duration of drug release. The pulsatile delivery may comprise one or more pulses to provide a plasma concentration time profile for a therapeutic agent, predicted based on both its pharmaco kinetic and pharmaco dynamic considerations and in vitro in vivo correlations.
A control group was comprised of 29 orthodontically treated subjects who received routine treatment and oral hygiene regimes. All subjects will be patients seeking orthodontic treatment at the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham. No intervention for this group.
The present invention relates to a lipid-photosensitizer nanocomplex and to a manufacturing method thereof, and more specifically, to a lipid-photosensitizer nanocomplex formed by encapsulating the photosensitizer in a liposome or coupling the photosensitizer to the external part of the liposome, wherein a conjugator which connects the lipid and the photosensitizer is specifically degraded by an enzyme secreted by a microbe; and to a manufacturing method of the lipid-photosensitizer nanocomplex. According to the present invention, the lipid-photosensitizer nanocomplex has excellent skin penetrability, so the death rate of bacteria which exist in the dermis can be increased. The lipid-photosensitizer nanocomplex is degraded by lipase which is a breakdown enzyme secreted by the bacteria, so the bacteria can be specifically eliminated in a region where an enzyme-secreting microbe including Propionibacterium acnes and dermatophytes exists. Furthermore, a skin disease is treated by a photodynamic therapy, thereby reducing the danger of a side effect such as hepatotoxicity or the like which can occur when an existing antifungal drug is administrated for a long period of time. Also, the danger of the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be reduced. Accordingly, the lipid-photosensitizer nanocomplex can be practically used for the prevention or treatment of a disease caused by an enzyme-secreting microbe including the treatment of dermatophytosis and acne.
This study will consists of 2 parts (Part 1 and 2) which will be sequentially conducted in 2 separate panels of 24 healthy adult Japanese participants each, at a single center. Part 1 is a double-blind (neither physician nor participant knows the treatment that the participant receives), placebo-controlled (placebo is compared with the study medication to test whether the study medication has a real effect in clinical study), randomized (study medication is assigned by chance), single ascending dose study to investigate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of GSK2336805 in participants. It will consist of a screening phase, a treatment phase, and a follow-up phase. The maximum study duration for each participant will be approximately 5 weeks (including screening and follow-up phase). 24 participants will be equally divided in 3 cohorts with 8 participants in each cohort. In each cohort, participants will be randomly assigned to receive either a single oral dose of GSK2336805 (6 participants) or placebo (2 participants). Part 2 is an open-label (all people know the identity of the intervention), randomized, 4-way crossover study (method used to switch patients from one treatment arm to another in a clinical study) to investigate the potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions between TMC435 and GSK2336805 at steady-state, and to evaluate the short-term safety and tolerability when TMC435 and GSK2336805 are co-administered in participants. It will consist of a screening phase, a treatment phase (4 treatment sessions \[Treatment A, B, C, and D\]), and a follow-up phase. The maximum study duration for each participant will be approximately 12 weeks (including screening and follow-up phase). During 4 treatment sessions, each of the 24 participants will receive Treatment A, B, C and D consecutively in different sequences with a washout period of at least 7 days between consecutive treatment sessions in each individual participant. Safety will be evaluated by assessing adverse events, clinical laboratory tests, electrocardiogram, vital signs, physical examination, alcohol breath tests, and specific toxicities.
NEW MATERIAL:The indoleacetic acid ester derivative of formula I [R is H, COR1 (R1 is alkyl or alkenyl), group of formula II (R2 and R3 are H, lower alkyl or phenyl; R4 is lower alkyl, lower alkyloxy, acyloxy, or phenyl which may be substituted with OH, etc.), or group of formula III (A is single bond, 1-2C alkylene or 1-2C alkyleneoxy; R5 is lower alkyl, lower alkyloxy, or phenyl which may be substituted with acyloxy, etc.)]. USE:Useful as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic. It gives little side effects such as gastroenteric disorder accompanying ulcer. PREPARATION:The compound of formula I wherein R is H can be prepared by reacting the compound of formula IV or its reative derivative with the propylene glycol of formula V or its reactive derivative in the presence of an acid acceptor such as pyridine, alkali metal carbonate, etc. in a solvent such as ether. The product can be converted to another compound of formula I wherein R is not H by reacting with the compound of formula R6COOH (R6 is R1, group of formula VI or -A-R5).
After getting the REC approval from The Neurocounsel Clinics, study was initiated from 21 May, 2023 to 20 September 2023. Sample size was calculated by Epitool which came 30. Following participants were included a) both genders b) age 20-50 years and followings were excluded a) DM b) Parkinson disease c) disc disorder d) MSK disorder were excluded from this study. Simple random sampling technique was used to randomize participants into two equal groups. group A was given MET and group B was given MET plus IFT. 2 sessions/week for 4 \& half weeks. Evaluation was done at PNS \& EQ-5D-5L (QoL). Pre and post test analysis was done by use of SPSS version 21 and level of significance was kept p\<0.05.
Ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma represent two stages of breast cancer progression. A multitude of studies have shown that genomic instability increases during tumor development, as manifested by higher mutation and copy number variation rates. The advent of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics has enabled the investigation of the subtle differences in cellular states during the tumor progression at single-cell level, thereby providing more nuanced understanding of the intercellular interactions within the solid tumor. However, the evolutionary trajectory of tumor cells and the establishment of the immunosuppressive microenvironment during breast cancer progression remain unclear. In this study, we performed an exploratory analysis of the single-cell sequencing dataset of 13 ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma samples. We revealed that tumor cells became more malignant and aggressive during their progression, and T cells transited to an exhausted state. The tumor cells expressed various coinhibitory ligands that interacted with the receptors of immune cells to create an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, spatial transcriptomics data confirmed the spatial colocalization of tumor and immune cells, as well as the expression of the coinhibitory ligand-receptor pairs. Our analysis provides insights into the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the formation of the immunosuppressive landscape during two typical stages of breast cancer progression.
The invention relates to a kind of allicin capsulate enterosolubilis as well as its preparing method. The invention is composed by garlic oil,  beta-schardinger dextrin and starches. The preparing procedure includes the following steps: putting purified water and beta-schardinger into the castration jar in turns and heating them; stirring to get the emulsified suspension; putting garlic oil into the jar and keeping stirring at a certain temperature for several hours; pumping the mentioned materials into the storage tank, stetting at low temperature; removing water through filtering; after heating, airblast drying, pulverizing and sieving the materials, mixing them with starches; getting the particles or micro pallets with 75% as the demulcent; cryodrying; polishing; loading the materials into the No. 1 capsulae enterosolubilis; packaging. The invention belongs to hard capsule dosage form; it's capsulae enterosolubilis (white or off-white color particles); its specification is 20mg/grain. The advantages of the invention includes: up-to-date idea, proper design, standard technology, simple preparing method, easily available medicine, low cost, convenient to take with, easy absorption by intestinal tract, no gastric irritation, excellent curative effect, good acceptability, no pollution and it's easy to realize production in quantity. The product is applicable to prevent and treat deep part fungus infection such as bellows and alimentary canal fungus infection; blastomyces alb cans bacteria, chronic and acute enteritis, whooping cough and so on.
All patients enrolled in the current study will receive intrathecal injections immediately prior to general anesthesia. The patient will be on his or her side in the fetal position and after palpating the back to secure the space between the 3rd and 4th lumbar spine, the area will be properly disinfected and draped with a sterile towel. Using a 25G needle, a small volume of 1% lidocaine will be injected at the proposed puncture site. For the control group, 2ml of 1% lidocaine will be injected subcutaneously with the 25G needle used during local anesthetic injection. For the morphine group and the morphine + bupivacaine group, a 25G pencil point spinal needle will be used to advance into the intrathecal space. After confirming intrathecal position of the needle by CSF regurgitation, morphine 400mg or morphine 400mcg+ bupivacaine 5mg each to a total volume of 2ml will be injected. Afterwards, all patients will undergo general anesthesia by the same method.
Mothers will start a block of 10-week classes and continue with their group for the duration of the course. Classes will take place in Children's Centres (or online). Mothers will attend with their babies and will sit in a socially-distanced circle on the floor surrounded by soft play cushions and mats. Classes will start with welcome songs, introducing everyone to one another, and involve a range of singing and music activities. Mothers will be required to respect social distancing guidelines. Music activities will include learning songs from around the world and will be accompanied by instruments that the mothers and babies can play together. Instruments will not be shared and will be disinfected before and after the singing sessions. Mothers will also work to write some of their own songs over the weeks. Recordings of the group singing the songs together will be made for the mothers to listen to at home. Classes will be led by professional workshop leaders trained by Breathe.
Neoadjuvant treatment will consist of one dose of IV pembrolizumab. Tumor resection will be performed approximately 4 weeks after neoadjuvant pembrolizumab. Adjuvant treatment with pembrolizumab will be administered 4 weeks after the surgery.
NEW MATERIAL:Peptides of formula I (X is H, H-Val, H-Arg-Val, etc.; Y is Phe or Tyr). EXAMPLE:A peptide of formula II. USE:An experimental reagent useful for an experiment in which the nerve system of a mollusk is used as a model system for studying human-brain mechanism on a neuron level. And useful for isolation of an analogous peptide from an animal. PREPARATION:For example, a massive ganglion separated from a mollusk prosobranch Fusinus perplexus is placed in acetone cooled by ice and homogenized. The obtained homogenate is then subjected to centrifugal separation and acetone in the resultant supernatant is evaporated to obtain an acetone- extract of the massive ganglion of Fusinus perplexus. The obtained extract is then subjected to gel permeation chromatography and purified by HPLC.
Childhood obesity and its adverse health consequences have risen worldwide, with low socioeconomic status increasing the risk in high-income countries like the United States. Understanding the interplay between childhood obesity, cognition, socioeconomic factors, and the brain is crucial for prevention and treatment. Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, we investigated how body mass index (BMI) relates to brain structural and functional connectivity metrics. Children with obesity or who are overweight (n = 2,356) were more likely to live in poverty and exhibited lower cognitive performance compared with children with a healthy weight (n = 4,754). Higher BMI was associated with multiple brain measures that were strongest for lower longitudinal diffusivity in corpus callosum; increased activity in cerebellum, insula, and somatomotor cortex; and decreased functional connectivity in multimodal brain areas, with effects more pronounced among children from low-income families. Notably, nearly 80% of the association of low income and 70% of the association of impaired cognition on BMI were mediated by higher brain activity in somatomotor areas. Increased resting activity in somatomotor areas and decreased structural and functional connectivity likely contribute to the higher risk of being overweight or having obesity among children from low-income families. Supporting low-income families and implementing educational interventions to improve cognition may promote healthy brain function and reduce the risk of obesity.
BACKGROUND: For patients with rectal cancer, the utilization of temporary ileostomy (TI) has proven effective in minimizing the occurrence of severe complications post-surgery, such as anastomotic leaks; however, some patients are unable to reverse in time or even develop a permanent stoma (PS). We aimed to determine the preoperative predictors associated with TS failure and develop and validate appropriate predictive models to improve patients' quality of life.
METHODS: This research included 403 patients with rectal cancer who underwent temporary ileostomies between January 2017 and December 2021. All patients were randomly divided into either the developmental (70%) or validation (30%) group. The independent risk factors for PS were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Subsequently, a nomogram was constructed, and the prediction probability was estimated by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A calibration plot was used to evaluate the nomogram calibration.
RESULTS: Of the 403 enrolled patients, 282 were randomized into the developmental group, 121 into the validation group, and 58 (14.39%) had a PS. The development group consisted of 282 patients, of whom 39 (13.81%) had a PS. The validation group consisted of 121 patients, of whom, 19 (15.70%) had a PS; 37 related factors were analyzed in the study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated significant associations between the occurrence of PS and various factors in this patient cohort, including tumor location (OR = 6.631, P = 0.005), tumor markers (OR = 2.309, P = 0.035), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (OR = 4.784, P = 0.004), T4 stage (OR = 2.880, P = 0.036), lymph node metastasis (OR = 4.566, P = 0.001), and distant metastasis (OR = 4.478, P = 0.036). Furthermore, a preoperative nomogram was constructed based on these data and subsequently validated in an independent validation group.
CONCLUSION: We identified six independent preoperative risk factors associated with PS following rectal cancer resection and developed a validated nomogram with an area under the ROC curve of 0.7758, which can assist surgeons in formulating better surgical options, such as colostomy, for patients at high risk of PS.
Codeine

Codeine is an opioid agonist relatively selective for the mu-opioid receptor, but with a much weaker affinity than morphine. The analgesic and antitussive properties of codeine have been speculated to come from its conversion to morphine. The precise mechanism of action of codeine and other opiates is not known; however, codeine is believed to act centrally on the cough center. In excessive doses, codeine will depress respiration.

Chlorpheniramine

Chlorpheniramine is a propylamine derivative antihistamine (H1-receptor antagonist) of the alkylamine class that also possesses anticholinergic and sedative activity. It prevents released histamine from dilating capillaries and causing edema of the respiratory mucosa.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new thiazole derivative suppressing release of active oxygen from neutrophils, having cytokine production inhibitory action especially TNF-α production inhibitory action and adhesion inhibitory action and useful as a medicine for treatment of digestive organ ulcer, cell dysfunction, internal organ deficiency or the like. SOLUTION: This compound is represented by formula I [R1 is a (substituted) phenyl; R2 is a (substituted) furyl, a (substituted) pyrrolyl, a (substituted) thienyl or a group of formula II (R3 is a low alkoxycarbonyl or carboxy; R4 is a low alokoxy; R5 is H, an azide-substituted low alkyl or the like)] e.g. 2-(3- methoxymethyl-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3-methoxycarbonyl-4-methoxyphenyl)th iazole. The compound of formula I is obtained by e.g. reacting a compound of formula III (Y is a halogen) with a compound of formula IV in a suitable solvent (e.g. methanol, butanol, dichloromethane) preferably in the temperature range from room temperature to 150 deg.C for 1-15 h.