anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The intervention group (n=60) will undergo a 12-week pulmonary rehabilitation program. This program will consist of twice-weekly supervised exercise sessions, including aerobic training and resistance exercises targeting the lower limbs.
Subjects given as intervention functional chewing gum device to supplement oral hygiene practices. Functional gum contains chitosan which is a food additive or generally recognized as safe food product. Individuals will use this gum 20 to 30 minutes three times per day. Subjects will brush and floss normally twice a day.
Although earlier research has shown that individual differences on the spectrum of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly heritable, emerging evidence suggests that symptoms are associated with complex interactions between genes and environmental influences. This study investigated whether a genetic predisposition [Note that the term 'genetic predisposition' was used in this manuscript to refer to an estimate based on twin modeling (an individual's score on the latent trait that resembles additive genetic influences) in the particular population being examined.] for the symptom dimensions hyperactivity and inattention determines the extent to which unique-environmental influences explain variability in these symptoms. To this purpose, we analysed a sample drawn from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) that consisted of item-level scores of 2168 16-year-old twin pairs who completed both the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, in J Child Psychol Psychiatry 38:581-586, 1997) and the Strength and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior (SWAN; Swanson, in Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, 1981) questionnaire. To maximize the psychometric information to measure ADHD symptoms, psychometric analyses were performed to investigate whether the items from the two questionnaires could be combined to form two longer subscales. In the estimation of genotype-environment interaction, we corrected for error variance heterogeneity in the measurement of ADHD symptoms through the application of item response theory (IRT) measurement models. A positive interaction was found for both hyperactivity (e.g., [Formula: see text] = 2.20 with 95% highest posterior density interval equal to [1.79;2.65] and effect size equal to 3.00) and inattention (e.g., [Formula: see text] = 2.16 with 95% highest posterior density interval equal to [1.56;2.79] and effect size equal to 3.07). These results indicate that unique-environmental influences were more important in creating individual differences in both hyperactivity and inattention for twins with a genetic predisposition for these symptoms than for twins without such a predisposition.
This invention pertains to materials and methods relating to the biological fixation of one tissue type to another different tissue type, i.e., the fixation of cartilage to bone. A scaffold apparatus for osteochondral tissue engineering is described. The apparatus comprises regions of varying matrices which provide a functional interface between multiple tissue types. Further, a method for preparing the scaffold apparatus is provided. Methods for treating osteochondral tissue injury and cartilage degeneration using the scaffold apparatus are also described. In addition, a method for evaluating cell~mediated and scaffold-related parameters of development and maintenance of multiple tissue zones in vitro is described.
Patients receive apalutamide PO QD on days 1-21. Patients undergo TURBT on day 21. Up to 28 days of apalutamide prior to TURBT is permitted in the absence of unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo blood and urine sample collection throughout the study. Patients may optionally undergo tumor biopsy at baseline.
Upon activation, mast cells rapidly release preformed inflammatory mediators from large cytoplasmic granules via regulated exocytosis. This acute degranulation is followed by a late activation phase involving synthesis and secretion of cytokines, growth factors and other inflammatory molecules via the constitutive pathway that remains ill-defined. Here the inventors describe a role for an insulin-responsive vesicle-like endosomal compartment, marked by insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP), in the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in mast cells and macrophages. IRAP-deficient mice are protected from TNF-dependent kidney injury and inflammatory arthritis. In the absence of IRAP, TNF fails to be efficiently exported from the Golgi. Chemical targeting of IRAP+ endosomes reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion thereby highlighting this compartment as a promising target for the therapeutic control of inflammation. Thus the present invention relates to the use of IRAP inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases
The invention discloses diterpenoid compounds, and a preparation method and application thereof. The diterpenoid compounds are prepared by the following steps: by using Aralia melanocarpa root as a raw material, carrying out extract leaching, organic solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography separation. The molecular formula of the compounds is C20H28O2 which is named ent-pimar-6,8(14),15-trien-19-oic acid disclosed as the structural formula in the specification. The preparation method comprises the following steps: by using the Aralia melanocarpa root as the raw material, carrying out extract leaching, organic solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography separation. The invention also discloses application of the diterpenoid compounds in preparing drugs for preventing and/or treating tumor and in preparing drugs for preventing and/or treating human lung adenocarcinoma, human prostatic cancer or human acute medullary system leukaemia. The diterpenoid compounds have obvious inhibiting actions when being applied to drugs for human lung adenocarcinoma, human prostatic cancer or human acute medullary system leukaemia, which indicates that the diterpenoid compounds have favorable anticancer activity and can be used as an anticancer active component or lead compound.
BACKGROUND: The Black Caribbean population have a disproportionately high burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) compared with other ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to explore barriers to engagement with STI testing within a UK-based young adult Black Caribbean community.
METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 14 young adults from the Black Caribbean community and six sexual healthcare professionals. Data were analysed thematically. A focus group of five young adults was conducted to refine themes.
RESULTS: Data analysis generated three themes: (1) culturally embedded stigma; (2) historically embedded mistrust; and (3) lack of knowledge. Perceived as 'dirty', particularly for females, infection with STIs was stigmatised by religious conceptions of 'purity' and shame. This presented challenges in terms of cultural acceptability of talking about STI testing with partners, friends, and family. Legacies of colonialism, medical racism and malpractice compromised young people's trust in medical intervention and confidentiality of data management. A lack of knowledge related to STIs and their treatment, and in how to access and perform STI tests further served as a barrier. Culturally tailored interventions targeting these factors and delivered by radio, podcasts and social media were highlighted as having potential to improve engagement with STI testing.
DISCUSSION: Engagement with STI testing by young adults from the Black Caribbean community is impacted by historically and culturally embedded teachings, practices and beliefs inherited through generations. Targeting these factors within culturally tailored interventions may be effective for increasing STI-testing, and thus reducing rates of STI-infection in this population.
The sulfonamides are bacteriostatic agents and the spectrum of activity is similar for all. Sulfonamides inhibit bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by preventing the condensation of the pteridine with aminobenzoic acid through competitive inhibition of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. Resistant strains have altered dihydropteroate synthetase with reduced affinity for sulfonamides or produce increased quantities of aminobenzoic acid.

Topically applied sulfonamides are considered active against susceptible strains of the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus (viridans group), Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella species, and Enterobacter species.

Topically applied sulfonamides do not provide adequate coverage against Neisseria species, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A significant percentage of staphylococcal isolates are completely resistant to sulfa drugs.
Intrusive memories represent a debilitating core feature of PTSD, one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders following trauma. Exposure therapy is amongst the most successful treatments of PTSD that is recommended by most of the current national and international guidelines. However, not all patients benefit equally and only about 50% show sustained response. There is thus room for improvement in terms of (i) better understanding who benefits from this type of therapy and (ii) possible ways of augmenting existing trauma-focused therapies. The current study aims to contribute to these endevours. Specifically, the study aims to test whether sleep as adjunct to written exposure sessions, a type of exposure- based treatment for PTSD, may boost the effectiveness of the therapy.
Side effects reported with the administration of hydroxyzine hydrochloride are usually mild and transitory in nature.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. You may also report side effects to Apozeal Pharmaceuticals Inc. at tel: 1-833-688-7848.

Skin and Appendages: Oral hydroxyzine hydrochloride is associated with Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP), fixed drug eruptions, pruritis, rash and urticaria in postmarketing reports.

Anticholinergic: Dry mouth.

Central Nervous System: Drowsiness is usually transitory and may disappear in a few days of continued therapy or upon reduction of the dose. Involuntary motor activity including rare instances of tremor and convulsions have been reported, usually with doses considerably higher than those recommended. Clinically significant respiratory depression has not been reported at recommended doses.

CardiacSystem:QT prolongation, Torsade de Pointes.
PURPOSE:To prepare the title fine particles with a controlled particle size substantially in the absence of any org. solvent by forming small bubbles enclosed in a lipid membrane in an aq. soln. contg. a polymer precursor and polymerizing selectively said precursor in the small bubbles. CONSTITUTION:Pref. 0.2-100mmol of a lipid (e.g., dipalmitoylphosphatidylchloine) based on the following aq. soln. is added to an aq. soln. contg. a polymer precursor (e.g., acrylamide or N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide) and dispersed therein by ultrasonic treatment to form small bubbles enclosed in the lipid membrane in said aq. soln. An additive for preventing polymerization outside the small bubbles (e.g., potassium ferrocyanide) is added thereto and the polymer precursor in the small bubbles is selectively polymerized pref. by irradiation with a radiation.
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer from a chronic inflammatory course of disease. To stage the course of disease endoscopic procedures including colonoscopy may be required and especially IBD patients with their inflamed gut may suffer from repetitive endoscopic examinations including colonoscopy. Independent from IBD patients, colonoscopy is usually performed using air insufflation, however recent data indicates a superior role of carbon dioxide (CO2) as an insufflation gas during colonoscopy. Using CO2 leads to a lower degree of patient's discomfort which has been mainly demonstrated in groups of patients undergoing cancer surveillance colonoscopies and who do not suffer from IBD. Therefore the role of CO2 as an insufflation gas for colonoscopy in IBD patients remains undetermined and this study aims to address this issue. For pain assessment a visual analogue scale will be used. As the primary outcome measure, the investigators will compare the differences in pain level 1h after colonoscopy (comparison of carbon dioxide to air insufflation). For the secondary outcome measure the investigators will compare the differences in pain level 3h, 6h and 24h after colonoscopy (comparison of carbon dioxide to air insufflation).
OBJECTIVES: Nerve growth factor β (β-NGF) is a protein which is important to the development of neurons particularly those involved in the transmission of pain and is central to the experience of pain in osteoarthritis (OA). Direct NGF antagonism has been shown to reduce OA pain but is associated with rapidly progressive OA. The aim of the study is to investigate the ability of soluble neurotrophin receptors in the NGF pathway to modulate pain in OA.
METHODS: Synovial fluid (SF) was obtained from the knee joints of 43 subjects who underwent total knee arthroplasty. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores were obtained prior to surgery. Customised-automated-ELISAs and commercial-ELISAs and LEGENDplex™ were used to measure soluble low-affinity nerve growth factor (LNGFR), soluble tropomyosin receptor kinase (TrkA), proNGF, β-NGF, other neurotrophins (NT) and cytokines including inflammatory marker TNF-α.
RESULTS: The VAS score positively correlated with β-NGF (r=0.34) and there was positive association trend with neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), BDNF and negative association trend with ProNGF. sLNGFR positively correlated with VAS (r=0.33). The β-NGF/soluble TrkA ratio showed a strong positive correlation with VAS (r=0.80). In contrast, there was no correlation between pain and the β-NGF/sLNGFR ratio (r=-0.08). TNF-α positively correlated with β-NGF (r=0.83), NT-3 (r=0.66), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (r=0.50) and negatively with ProNGF (r= -0.74) and positively correlated with both soluble TrkA (r=0.62), sLNGFR (r=0.26).
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that endogenous or cleaved sLNGFR, but not soluble TrkA may participate in OA pain modulation thus supporting further research into soluble LNGFR as a therapeutic target in OA.
BACKGROUND: Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (i-TTP) is a life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy linked to ADAMTS-13 deficiency. It has long been assumed that the activation of endothelial cells is the triggering factor for the thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura crisis. Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) have been shown to be a biomarker of vascular damage and are associated with the clinical severity of i-TTP. However, the mechanisms leading to endothelial cell detachment remain unclear.
OBJECTIVES: We investigated junctional destabilization the mechanisms underlying cell detachment in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
METHODS: We quantified CECs in i-TTP patients and investigated the effect of plasmas in vitro by measuring phosphorylation and internalization of vascular endothelial (VE)-Cadherin and in vivo in a vascular permeability model.
RESULTS: In plasma from i-TTP patients, we show that CEC count is associated with severity and correlated to intracellular calcium influx (P < .01). In vitro, serum from i-TTP patients induced stronger detachment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells than serum from control patients (P < .001). Plasma from i-TTP patients induced a higher calcium-dependent phosphorylation (P < .05) and internalization (P < .05) of VE-cadherin compared with plasma from control patients. This effect could be reproduced by immunoglobulin (Ig)G fraction isolated from patient plasma and, in particular, by the F(ab)'2 fragments of the corresponding IgG. In addition, subcutaneous injection of i-TTP plasma into mice resulted in higher vascular permeability than plasma from control patients. An inhibitor of endothelial calcium influx, ITF1697, normalized this increase in permeability.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that plasma-induced endothelial activation also leads to an increase in vascular permeability. They contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms behind the presence of elevated CECs in patients' blood by linking endothelial activation to endothelial injury.
The use of a human food composition (A) containing less than 1600 picomoles per g of polyamines (I) is claimed in the production of a therapeutic food for combating syndromes or disorders involving the NR2-N subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. ACTIVITY : Analgesic; Vasotropic; Neuroprotective; Nootropic; Antiparkinsonian; Anticonvulsant; Virucide; Antimanic; Antidepressant; Neuroleptic; Antiaddictive; Auditory. In tests in rats fed (a) a solid diet with a very low polyamine (I) content of less than 10 mu g/kg or (b) the same diet supplemented with the polyamines putrescine (54 mg/kg), spermine (7 mg/kg) and spermidine (7 mg/kg) (i.e. the levels present in normal rodent feed), the sensitivity to pain caused by two injections (7 days apart) of carrageenan into the paw was measured by the Randall-Selitto test. The level of pain in the days following the second injection was markedly lower in group (a) than that in group (b), demonstrating that the low-(I) diet in group (a) reduced the sensitivity to pain. The levels of pain in the days following the first injection were not significantly different, demonstrating the low-(I) diet had no direct analgesic effect. MECHANISM OF ACTION : NMDA receptor NR2-N subunit modulator.
The goal of this review is to synthesize the literature on vagus nerve stimulator (VNS)-related changes in heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and assess the role of these changes in seizure relief. A scoping literature review was performed with the following inclusion criteria: primary articles written in English, involved implantable VNS in humans, and had HRV as a primary outcome. Twenty-nine studies were retrieved, however with considerable heterogeneity in study methods. The overall depression in HRV seen in DRE patients compared to healthy controls persisted even after VNS implant, indicating that achieving "healthy" HRV is not necessary for VNS therapeutic success. Within DRE patients, changes in frequency domain parameters six months after VNS implant returned to baseline after a year. The mechanism of how VNS reduces seizure burden does not appear to be significantly related to alterations in baseline HRV. However, the subtlety of sympathetic/parasympathetic signaling likely requires a more structured approach to experimental and analytic techniques than currently found in the literature.
G3P-01 will be administered orally as a powdered mixed with water. Treatment Period one dose will be 50mg of IP.
Eph receptor tyrosine kinase EphB1/2 contributes to the development of liver fibrosis, suggesting the rationale that EphB1/2 inhibitors may be effective in liver fibrosis therapy. Since tetracycline antibiotics were recently demonstrated as EphB kinase inhibitors, in present study we investigated their therapeutic potential against liver fibrosis. Our results showed that the tetracycline combination of demeclocycline (D), chlortetracycline (C), and minocycline (M) inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro and alleviated CCl4-induced animal model of liver fibrosis in vivo. Mechanistically, DCM combination inhibited EphB1/2 phosphorylation and subsequent activation of the MAPK signaling. Moreover, we found that short-term and low-dose DCM combination treatment decreased tissue inflammation and improved liver fibrosis in mice. Thus, our study indicates that tetracyclines may be repurposed for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
OBJECTIVE: To review current literature to support the use of mesna as a preventive therapy for hemorrhagic cystitis and bladder cancer in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases and systemic vasculitis treated with cyclophosphamide.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The search for articles was conducted systematically through MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Only articles in English were selected. For available records, titles and abstracts were selected independently by two investigators.
RESULTS: Eighteen studies were selected for analysis. The known adverse effects of cyclophosphamide were hematological toxicity, infections, gonadal toxicity, teratogenicity, increased risk for malignancy and hemorrhagic cystitis. Long-term toxicity was highly dependent on cyclophosphamide cumulative dose. The risk of bladder cancer is especially higher in long-term exposure and with cumulative doses above 36 g. The risk remains high for years after drug discontinuation. Hemorrhagic cystitis is highly correlated with cumulative dose and its incidence ranges between 12 and 41%, but it seems to be lower with new regimens with reduced cyclophosphamide dose. No randomized controlled trials were found to analyze the use of mesna in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases and systemic vasculitis. Retrospective studies yielded conflicting results. Uncontrolled prospective studies with positive results were considered at high risk of bias. No evidence was found to support the use of mesna during the treatment with cyclophosphamide for autoimmune diseases or systemic vasculitis to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis and bladder cancer. In the scenarios of high cumulative cyclophosphamide dose (i.e., > 30 g), patients with restricted fluid intake, neurogenic bladder, therapy with oral anticoagulants, and chronic kidney disease, mesna could be considered.
CONCLUSION: The current evidence was found to be insufficient to support the routine use of mesna for the prophylaxis of hemorrhagic cystitis and bladder cancer in patients being treated for systemic autoimmune diseases and systemic vasculitis with cyclophosphamide. The use may be considered for selected cases.
This is a multi-center, randomized, blinded, placebo controlled study to evaluate the safety of GSK1278863 and its acute and short-term (e.g. 14d) effects on calf muscle endurance and walking ability in subjects with PAD and symptomatic claudication. Functional assessments will be performed following a single high dose (300mg), a single low dose (15mg), and following 14 days of low dose treatment (15mg q.d.). The objectives of this study are to: 1) Evaluate the safety and tolerability of GSK1278863 administered as a single dose and as sub-chronic low dosing (i.e. 14 days) in subjects with peripheral artery disease; 2) To demonstrate the potential pharmacodynamic effect of GSK1278863 on functional measures of calf muscle endurance and fatigability and timed walking distance following a single high or low dose and after 14 days of multiple low dose administration in subjects with claudication-limited peripheral artery disease. In this hypothesis-generating study, multiple assessments of ambulatory and skeletal muscle function will be made during standardized tests of claudication-limited exercise performance, and 3). Characterize the relationship, if any, between the doses and plasma concentrations of GSK1278863 and the pharmacodynamic effects.