anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Catastrophic out-of-pocket health expenditure (CHE) remain high in Sub-Saharan Africa and may not conform to the sporadic random pattern of acute illnesses that shapes insurance arrangements intended to avoid the risk of financial loss. The persistency of CHE remains a largely unexplored issue due to the lack of relevant methods and scarcity of panel data. This paper addresses the first shortcoming by presenting three different approaches to incorporating the timeframes into the analysis, considering dynamics between two periods, average over time and the recurrence of CHE incidence. Through the application of the complementary approaches, we identify (i) those at risk of persistent CHE in the short-term; (ii) those facing transient versus persistent CHE in the long-term; and (iii) those facing multiple CHE spells. The methods are applied to different definitions of CHE using panel data from three sub-Saharan countries: Malawi (3 waves: 2010, 2013, and 2016) with 4983 observations; Tanzania (3 waves: 2008, 2010, and 2012) with 8715 observations; and Uganda (5 waves: 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, and 2015) with 6475 observations. All datasets are balanced panels. Additionally, we employ empirical strategies to identify the underlying factors contributing to these persistent and relatively high OOP. Across the three countries, we find that at least 27% of the people facing CHE in one period, because they spent more than 5% of their household budget on health out-of-pocket, will face it again in the next period. The lower-bound risk for those spending more than 10% of their household budget is 9% and for those spending more than 25% of their household capacity to pay is 13%. Between 11% and 45% of the population incurred CHE at least twice during the observation period when using the 5% budget definition of CHE. The double recurrence rate ranges between 7% and 13% when using the 25% capacity-to-pay definition and between 3% and 20% when using the 10% budgetshare definition. Between 22% and 32% of the population experienced chronic CHE at the 5% of the budgetshare definition (6%-10% at the 10% of the budgetshare definition of CHE; 2%-11% at 25% of capacity-to-pay). Our panel regression analysis consistently highlights the susceptibility of certain groups to face persistence CHE, notably those residing in rural areas, individuals with lower levels of education, the elderly, and those who have undergone hospitalizations.
BACKGROUND: Hyperuricemia, as a very prevalent chronic metabolic disease with increasing prevalence year by year, poses a significant burden on individual patients as well as on the global health care and disease burden, and there is growing evidence that it is associated with other underlying diseases such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The association between hyperuricemia and dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores was investigated in this study.
METHODS: This study enrolled 13, 040 adult subjects (aged ≥ 20 years) from the US National Health and Nutrition Survey from 2003 to 2018. The inflammatory potential of the diet was assessed by the DII score, and logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between the DII score and the development of hyperuricemia; subgroup analyses were used to discuss the influence of other factors on the relationship.
RESULTS: Participants in the other quartiles had an increased risk of hyperuricemia compared to those in the lowest quartile of DII scores. Stratification analyses stratified by body mass index (BMI), sex, hypertension, drinking, diabetes, education level and albumin-creatinine-ratio (ACR) revealed that the DII score was also associated with the risk of hyperuricemia (P<0.05). There was an interaction in subgroup analysis stratified by sex, age, and hypertension (P for interaction <0.05). The results showed a linear-like relationship between DII and hyperuricemia, with a relatively low risk of developing hyperuricemia at lower DII scores and an increased risk of developing hyperuricemia as DII scores increased.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the risk of hyperuricemia increased at slightly higher DII scores (i.e., with pro-inflammatory diets), but not significantly at lower levels (i.e., with anti-inflammatory diets). The contribution of the DII score to the development of hyperuricemia increased with higher scores. The relationship between inflammatory diets and hyperuricemia requires more research on inflammation, and this study alerts the public that pro-inflammatory diets may increase the risk of developing hyperuricemia.
Vasculitis is the inflammation of blood vessels caused by autoimmunity and/or autoinflammation, and its etiology and pathogenesis remain largely unknown. The Janus kinase (JAK) and Signal transduction Transcription Activator (STAT) signal transduction pathways are a group of molecules involved in the major pathways by which many cytokines exert and integrate their functions, and their dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune diseases. However, current data supporting the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in the development of vasculitis is limited. In terms of treatment, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants have been the standard therapy. However, because of the huge burden of treatment side effects, people have long waited for new treatment options. JAK inhibitors reduce the production of multiple cytokines and inhibit inflammation by targeting the JAK/STAT pathway, and have the advantage of rapidly acting in oral formulations, reducing glucocorticoid dependence and associated adverse events, especially in refractory cases. Therefore, JAK inhibitors are expected to be a promising drug for the treatment of vasculitis.
The bidirectional effect of hyperuricemia on chronic kidney disease (CKD) underscores the importance of hyperuricemia as a risk factor for CKD. We evaluated the effect of hyperuricemia on the presence and development of CKD after considering genetic background by calculating polygenic risk scores (PRSs). We employed genome-wide association study summary statistics-excluding the United Kingdom Biobank (UKB) datasets among published CKD Gen Consortium papers-to calculate the PRSs for CKD in white background subjects. To validate PRS performance, we divided the UKB into two datasets to validate and test the data. We used logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between hyperuricemia and CKD, and performed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis exclusively for subjects with available follow-up data. In total, 438,253 clinical data and 4,307,940 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 459,155 samples were included. We observed a significant positive association between PRS and CKD and the presence and development of CKD. Hyperuricemia significantly increased CKD risk (adjusted odds ratio 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.48-1.61). The impact of hyperuricemia on CKD was maintained irrespective of PRS range. In addition, negative interaction between hyperuricemia and PRS for CKD was found. Survival analysis indicates that the presence of hyperuricemia significantly increased the risk of CKD development. The PRS for CKD thoroughly reflects the risk of CKD development. Hyperuricemia is a significant indicator of CKD risk, even after incorporating the genetic risk score for CKD. Irrespective of genetic risk, patients with a prospective risk of developing CKD require uric acid monitoring and management.
Compositions and methods for therapeutic delivery are disclosed. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to nanoparticle compositions that sequester the activity of a target molecule while leaving other domains accessible to bind targeted tissues of interest. Methods for thrombus dissolution include administering a nanoparticle reversibly coupled to a target molecule that can dissolve a blood clot. Compositions and methods for inducing blood clotting are also disclosed. Methods for inducing blood clotting include administering a nanoparticle reversibly coupled to a target molecule that can induce the formation of a blood clot. Methods for sequestering a target molecule are also disclosed. The method includes reversibly coupling a target molecule to a nanoparticle having an affinity ligand that reversibly couples the target molecule, and thus, sequesters the target molecule activity until the target molecule interacts with its substrate resulting in the release of the target molecule.
The starting dose of Ramipril will be 2.5 mg once daily and rapidly titrated upward to 5 mg once daily after 5 days if systolic blood pressure is greater than 100 mmHg. After one month the patient will return to clinic for blood pressure check and will be titrated up to 10 mg once daily. It is anticipated that the starting dose of each drug will be initiated in hospital and that the second dose will be implemented prior to discharge from the hospital. The starting dose of Allopurinol is 300 mg daily.
PURPOSE:To provide an anti-hyperlipemia, containing the extract of KOSINKO (crude drug prepared from the heartwood of the root of Dalbergia odoriferra belonging to Legminosae), as an active component. CONSTITUTION:The extract of KOSINKO is prepared by immersing and extracting finely chopped KOSINKO in water, a polar or nonpolar organic solvent (e.g. methanol, ether, etc.) or their mixture. The extract may be used as it is as the raw material of the drug, however, preferably it is purified by the following process and used as the raw material of the anti-hyperlipemia. The extract is defatted with a nonpolar organic solvent such as n-hexane, and dissolved in a mixed solvent seaprable into two phases. The hydrophilic organic solvent layer is separated to remove the saccharide, etc. migrated to the organic layer, and the obtained hydrophobic organic solvent layer is concentrated under reduced pressure or by ultrafiltration, and dried e.g. by freeze-drying to obtain crude powder, which is purified and formed in the form of a drug. The content of the active component is 300-500mg of the crude extract or 30-50mg of the purified powder in 1 unit of the drug.
This treatment will be offered over six sessions. All appointments will be conducted via telehealth and will last 60 minutes. Topics covered include the sleep cycle, sleep across the lifespan, sleep and the mind, evening activities and the sleep environment, and daytime activities and sleep.
OBJECTIVES: Hench introduced the fibromyalgia syndrome almost 50 years ago. In the meantime, the prevalence has increased, the clinical criteria have changed and the way we explain (chronic) pain has altered.
DESIGN: In the current study, we conducted a worldwide survey in which we investigate whether medical doctors are familiar with the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for fibromyalgia and, if so, whether these medical doctors adhere to the clinical guidelines following evidence-based treatments.
RESULTS: In total, 286 medical doctors from 43 countries spread over 6 continents filled out the survey. In most of the countries, the diagnosis fibromyalgia was used. Only 10% adhere to the ACR criteria, widespread pain (44%), unrefreshed sleep (24%), fatigue (20%) and cognitive problems (8%) were most used diagnostic criteria. Of the respondents, 94 (32%) mentioned that the cause is unknown or idiopathic, but also a wide variety of other causes was mentioned. More than 70 different treatment options were provided, of which 24% of the responses were classified as according to the clinical guidelines. From this study, we conclude that many medical doctors do not follow the ACR criteria; the majority has an inappropriate knowledge of causes for fibromyalgia and that a minority of treatment advice adhere to the guidelines.
BACKGROUND: Global developmental delay or intellectual disability usually accompanies various genetic disorders as a part of the syndrome, which may include seizures, autism spectrum disorder and multiple congenital abnormalities. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have improved the identification of pathogenic variants and genes related to developmental delay. This study aimed to evaluate the yield of whole exome sequencing (WES) and neurodevelopmental disorder gene panel sequencing in a pediatric cohort from Ukraine. Additionally, the study computationally predicted the effect of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) based on recently published genetic data from the country's healthy population.
METHODS: The study retrospectively analyzed WES or gene panel sequencing findings of 417 children with global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and/or other symptoms. Variants of uncertain significance were annotated using CADD-Phred and SIFT prediction scores, and their frequency in the healthy population of Ukraine was estimated.
RESULTS: A definitive molecular diagnosis was established in 66 (15.8%) of the individuals. WES diagnosed 22 out of 37 cases (59.4%), while the neurodevelopmental gene panel identified 44 definitive diagnoses among the 380 tested patients (12.1%). Non-diagnostic findings (VUS and carrier) were reported in 350 (83.2%) individuals. The most frequently diagnosed conditions were developmental and epileptic encephalopathies associated with severe epilepsy and GDD/ID (associated genes ARX, CDKL5, STXBP1, KCNQ2, SCN2A, KCNT1, KCNA2). Additionally, we annotated 221 VUS classified as potentially damaging, AD or X-linked, potentially increasing the diagnostic yield by 30%, but 18 of these variants were present in the healthy population of Ukraine.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first comprehensive study on genetic causes of GDD/ID conducted in Ukraine. This study provides the first comprehensive investigation of the genetic causes of GDD/ID in Ukraine. It presents a substantial dataset of diagnosed genetic conditions associated with GDD/ID. The results support the utilization of NGS gene panels and WES as first-line diagnostic tools for GDD/ID cases, particularly in resource-limited settings. A comprehensive approach to resolving VUS, including computational effect prediction, population frequency analysis, and phenotype assessment, can aid in further reclassification of deleterious VUS and guide further testing in families.
Idiopathic achalasia is an uncommon motor disorder of the esophagus which occasionally requires surgical intervention. Although there are several controversial aspects of therapy for achalasia, laparoscopic myotomy is emerging as the procedure of choice. Several studies report having good to excellent outcomes following a laparoscopic procedure in approximately 90% of patients. However, a main deterrent to long-term success is the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) despite the use of an antireflux procedure. For this reason, most surgeons add a partial fundoplication to the myotomy. The gastric fundus can either be wrapped anterior to the esophagus (Dor fundoplication), or posterior to the esophagus (Toupet fundoplication). Currently, the type of fundoplication is determined by surgeon's choice. There exists no systematic comparison of the two procedures. This multicenter, randomized study aims to evaluate patient outcomes following myotomy and Dor versus Toupet fundoplication.
Chronic liver disease including liver cirrhosis is still associated with high mortality, although advancement of medical management and transplantation. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) refers to condition of previously stable chronic liver disease with occurrence of an acute insult resulting in rapid deterioration of liver function and subsequent decompensation. Various factors could be a precipitating factor of ACLF. This condition is different from liver cirrhosis (chronic hepatic decompensation) in terms of having more chance of recovery with management before acute deterioration, although it shows high short-term mortality. Thus, earlier recognition and intensive management are important for this condition. However, the definition or diagnostic criteria is unclear and the natural course of this condition is not definitely investigated. The aim of this study is to establish the common etiology, symptom and natural course of ACLF in Korean patients.
All subjects complete two trials in a randomized crossover design, with each trial occurring over 4 days with a minimum of seven days between trials. The first two days of each trial serve as a control period allowing for familiarization and the control of physical activity and calorie consumption prior to the intervention. Following each control period, subjects then perform one of the interventions on Day 3. The interventions consist of either eight-hours of prolonged sitting, or eight hours of sitting interrupted every hour by five sprints lasting 4 seconds each using the interval exercise. On day 4, all subjects will undergo a high fat glucose tolerance test to determine the body's ability to clear triglycerides from the blood as well as insulin/glucose response and substrate oxidation. Blood samples will be assayed for the previously mentioned substances and postprandial gas collection will be analyzed via indirect calorimetry.
Patients will be injected every 3 months with saline for a period of 12 months. At the 12 month visit, patients will receive injections of onabotulnimtoxinA.
Standard vitamin D3 dose as per IOM (Institute of Medicine) recommendations; actual dose will be 5000 IU per week, which is just slightly higher than the IOM recommendation of 600 IU per day. Length of time proposed to be 4 months at 5000 IU D3 per week. End of study measures at 4 months to be HOMA-IR, BMI Z score, 25-OHD level.
The invention provides isolated nucleic acids molecules, designated 25934 nucleic acid molecules, which encode a novel desaturase family member. The invention also provides antisense nucleic acid molecules, recombinant expression vectors containing 25934 nucleic acid molecules, host cells into which the expression vectors have been introduced, and nonhuman transgenic animals in which a 25934 gene has been introduced or disrupted. The invention still further provides isolated 25934 proteins, fusion proteins, antigenic peptides and anti-25934 antibodies. Diagnostic methods utilizing compositions of the invention are also provided. The invention also provides methods for modulating fatty acid metabolism utilizing the compositions of the invention. Accordingly, methods of treating, preventing and/or diagnosing cardiovascular disorders, such atherosclerosis, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperlipidemia, are disclosed.
In some aspects, the present invention provides cell-reactive compstatin analogs and compositions comprising cell-reactive compstatin analogs. In some aspects, the invention further provides methods of using cell-reactive compstatin analogs, e.g., to inhibit complement-mediated damage to a cell, tissue, or organ. In some aspects, the invention provides long-acting compstatin analogs and compositions comprising long-acting compstatin analogs. In some aspects, the invention further provides methods of using long-acting compstatin analogs, e.g., to inhibit complement-mediated damage to a cell, tissue, or organ. In some aspects, the invention provides targeted compstatin analogs and compositions comprising targeted compstatin analogs. In some aspects, the invention further provides methods of using targeted compstatin analogs, e.g., to inhibit complement-mediated damage to a cell, tissue, or organ.
BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a pulmonary fibrotic disease characterized by a poor prognosis, which its pathogenesis involves the accumulation of abnormal fibrous tissue, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Ivermectin, a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptor, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in preclinical studies. The present study investigates the potential protective effects of ivermectin treatment in rats against bleomycin-induced IPF.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study involved 42 male Wistar rats, which were divided into five groups: control (without induction of IPF), bleomycin (IPF-induced by bleomycin 2.5 mg/kg, by intratracheal administration), and three fibrosis groups receiving ivermectin (0.5, 1, and 3 mg/kg). lung tissues were harvested for measurement of oxidative stress [via myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH)] and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β]). Histological assessments of tissue damage were performed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining methods.
RESULTS: The induction of fibrosis via bleomycin was found to increase levels of MPO as well as TNF-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β while decrease SOD activity and GSH level. Treatment with ivermectin at a dosage of 3 mg/kg was able to reverse the effects of bleomycin-induced fibrosis on these markers. In addition, results from H&E and Masson's trichrome staining showed that ivermectin treatment at this same dose reduced tissue damage and pulmonary fibrosis.
CONCLUSION: The data obtained from this study indicate that ivermectin may have therapeutic benefits for IPF, likely due to its ability to reduce inflammation and mitigate oxidative stress-induced toxicity.
Patients undergo observation according to the standard of care. Patients complete quality of life questionnaires at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year.
The present invention includes a hot-melt extruded film and method of preparation thereof. The film is made from a precursor composition containing at least a water soluble or water swellable thermoplastic polymer, preferably HPC and/or PEO, and a bioadhesive polymer. The film can also contain a therapeutic agent, preservative, buffering agent, antioxidant, super-disintegrant or absorbent, flavorant, colorant, water insoluble polymer, organic acid, surfactant, film modifier, and/or cross-linking agent. The film does not contain a conventional plasticizer or a material which is generally recognized in the art as a plasticizer for extruded films. The film can be sized and shaped to provide a controlled delivery of a therapeutic agent to the buccal, rectal, uterine, vaginal, abdominal, cranial, ophthalmic, nasal, sinus, or otic cavities. The film can also be used for the treatment of wounds.
Neuroendocrine tumor(NET)can be derived from endocrine glands, endocrine tissues and endocrine cells from any parts of body. Due to its occult onset and heterogeneity, it is hard to be detected by conventional imaging like CT and it is often at late stage when diagnosed. New imaging modality such as 18F-FDG PET/CT have been well-accepted as a practical way to evaluate the aggressive of tumor. 18F-FDG PET/CT has been used to improve the efficacy in assessing the extent and severity of NET, but the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT decreased in low proliferation tumor cells and inflammation. Recent studies showed somatostatin receptor (SSTR) was expressed in NET cells and SSTR-targeting molecular imaging-68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT could be a promising technique to evaluate the extent of NET with higher accuracy. Especially in some well differentiated tumor, 18F-FDG PET/CT can be negative, while 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT can be positive. However, the results can be varied in these two imaging modalities and characterized this disease at multiple levels such as clinical presentation, biologic characteristics, treatment response, and clinical outcome.This prospective study is going to investigate whether 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT may be superior to 18F-FDG PET/CT for diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognostic evaluation of NET.