anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
An expansion of AAGGG pentanucleotide repeats in the replication factor C subunit 1 (RFC1) gene is the genetic cause of cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS), and it also links to several other neurodegenerative diseases including the Parkinson's disease. However, the pathogenic mechanism of RFC1 AAGGG repeat expansion remains enigmatic. Here, we report that the pathogenic RFC1 AAGGG repeats form DNA and RNA parallel G-quadruplex (G4) structures that play a role in impairing biological processes. We determine the first high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of a bimolecular parallel G4 formed by d(AAGGG)2AA and reveal how AAGGG repeats fold into a higher-order structure composed of three G-tetrad layers, and further demonstrate the formation of intramolecular G4s in longer DNA and RNA repeats. The pathogenic AAGGG repeats, but not the nonpathogenic AAAAG repeats, form G4 structures to stall DNA replication and reduce gene expression via impairing the translation process in a repeat-length-dependent manner. Our results provide an unprecedented structural basis for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of AAGGG repeat expansion associated with CANVAS. In addition, the high-resolution structures resolved in this study will facilitate rational design of small-molecule ligands and helicases targeting G4s formed by AAGGG repeats for therapeutic interventions.
### Macrovascular Outcomes

There have been no clinical studies establishing conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with PRECOSE or any other anti-diabetic drug.

Hypoglycemia

Because of its mechanism of action, PRECOSE when administered alone should not cause hypoglycemia in the fasted or postprandial state. Sulfonylurea agents or insulin may cause hypoglycemia. Because PRECOSE given in combination with a sulfonylurea or insulin will cause a further lowering of blood glucose, it may increase the potential for hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia does not occur in patients receiving metformin alone under usual circumstances of use, and no increased incidence of hypoglycemia was observed in patients when PRECOSE was added to metformin therapy. Oral glucose (dextrose), whose absorption is not inhibited by PRECOSE, should be used instead of sucrose (cane sugar) in the treatment of mild to moderate hypoglycemia. Sucrose, whose hydrolysis to glucose and fructose is inhibited by PRECOSE, is unsuitable for the rapid correction of hypoglycemia. Severe hypoglycemia may require the use of either intravenous glucose infusion or glucagon injection.

### Elevated Serum Transaminase Levels

In long-term studies (up to 12 months, and including PRECOSE doses up to 300 mg t.i.d.) conducted in the United States, treatment-emergent elevations of serum transaminases (AST and/or ALT) above the upper limit of normal (ULN), greater than 1.8 times the ULN, and greater than 3 times the ULN occurred in 14%, 6%, and 3%, respectively, of PRECOSE-treated patients as compared to 7%, 2%, and 1%, respectively, of placebo-treated patients. Although these differences between treatments were statistically significant, these elevations were asymptomatic, reversible, more common in females, and, in general, were not associated with other evidence of liver dysfunction. In addition, these serum transaminase elevations appeared to be dose related. In US studies including PRECOSE doses up to the maximum approved dose of 100 mg t.i.d., treatment-emergent elevations of AST and/or ALT at any level of severity were similar between PRECOSE-treated patients and placebo-treated patients (p ≥ 0.496).

In approximately 3 million patient-years of international postmarketing experience with PRECOSE, 62 cases of serum transaminase elevations > 500 IU/L (29 of which were associated with jaundice) have been reported. Forty-one of these 62 patients received treatment with 100 mg t.i.d. or greater and 33 of 45 patients for whom weight was reported weighed < 60 kg. In the 59 cases where follow-up was recorded, hepatic abnormalities improved or resolved upon discontinuation of PRECOSE in 55 and were unchanged in two. Cases of fulminant hepatitis with fatal outcome have been reported; the relationship to acarbose is unclear.

### Loss of Control of Blood Glucose

When diabetic patients are exposed to stress such as fever, trauma, infection, or surgery, a temporary loss of control of blood glucose may occur. At such times, temporary insulin therapy may be necessary.
Reduced brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration is reported to be associated with a cognitive decline in schizophrenia, depending on the stage of the disease. Aim of the study was to examine the possible association between plasma BDNF and cognitive decline in chronic stable schizophrenia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The study included 123 inpatients of both sexes with schizophrenia, 123 patients with MCI and 208 healthy control subjects. Cognitive abilities were assessed using mini mental state examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing test (CDT) and cognitive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Plasma BDNF concentration was determined using ELISA. BDNF concentration was lower in patients with schizophrenia and MCI compared to age-matched healthy controls and was similar in carriers of different BDNF Val/66Met genotypes. The MMSE and CDT scores were lower in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls and subjects with MCI. Reduced plasma BDNF was significantly associated with lower MMSE scores in all subjects. BDNF concentration in patients with schizophrenia was not affected by clinical and demographic factors. BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was not associated with the MMSE scores in all participants. Further studies should include longitudinal follow-up and other cognitive scales to confirm these results and offer cognition-improving strategies to prevent cognitive decline in chronic schizophrenia.
DHEA declines dramatically with age. Low DHEA levels have been found to correlate with sarcopenia and osteopenia. It is, therefore, postulated that many physiologic changes of aging are secondary to the decline in DHEA. Thus, the objective of the proposed research is to evaluate the effect of DHEA replacement on age-related changes in body composition, muscle function and metabolism, and bone mass in healthy older adults. The specific aims are to evaluate the effects of DHEA replacement (50 mg/d) alone, or in combination with resistance exercise training on: a) lean body mass, intraabdominal fat and thigh muscle volume, and muscle protein synthesis rate b) bone mineral density (BMD) of the total body, lumbar spine, and hip and biochemical markers of bone turnover and c) insulin sensitivity. It is hypothesized that DHEA administration will have additive or synergistic effects with exercise. Healthy but sedentary subjects , aged 65-78 years old, will be randomized to receive either DHEA, 50 mg/d, or placebo and to participate in either supervised or home exercise training programs. The supervised exercise program will consist of resistance training designed to increase muscle mass, strength, and bone mass, and decrease fat mass. The goal of this research is to provide information on the potential role of DHEA replacement therapy in maintaining the physical health and functional capacity of older people
Leucovorin products increase the toxicities of fluorouracil [see Drug Interactions (7)]. Gastrointestinal toxicities, including stomatitis and diarrhea, occur more commonly and may be of greater severity and of prolonged duration. Deaths from severe enterocolitis, diarrhea, and dehydration have occurred in elderly patients receiving weekly d,l-leucovorin and fluorouracil. 

Monitor patients for gastrointestinal toxicities. Do not initiate or continue therapy with levoleucovorin and fluorouracil in patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity until those symptoms have resolved. Monitor patients with diarrhea until resolved, as rapid deterioration leading to death can occur.
Enalapril Maleate is the maleate salt of enalapril, the ethyl ester of a long-acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalaprilat. Enalapril maleate is chemically described as (S)-1-[N-[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl]-L-proline, (Z)-2-butenedioate salt (1:1). Its empirical formula is C20H28N2O5∙C4H4O4, and its structural formula is:

Enalapril maleate is a white to off-white, crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 492.53. It is sparingly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, and freely soluble in methanol.

Enalapril is a pro-drug; following oral administration, it is bioactivated by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to enalaprilat, which is the active angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.

Enalapril maleate is supplied as 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg tablets for oral administration. In addition to the active ingredient enalapril maleate, USP, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, pregelatinized starch and sodium bicarbonate.

The 2.5 mg, 5 mg and 20 mg tablets also contain iron oxide yellow, and the 10 mg and 20 mg tablets also contain iron oxide red.
The scheme for prescribing Carvedilol to the patients with the chronic cardiac insufficiency and the concomitant arterial hypertension consists in increasing the initial dose and escalating the titration dose increment. The patients with the chronic cardiac insufficiency of functional class I-II are given 25 mg of Carvedilol daily divided in two doses for 7-14 days. Then, the patients are given 37.5 mg of Carvedilol daily divided in two doses for further 7-14 days. If the drug is tolerated well, the daily dose increases up to 50 mg. The patients with the chronic cardiac insufficiency of functional class III are given initially 12.5 mg of Carvedilol daily divided in two doses for 7-14 days. If the drug is tolerated well, the daily dose increases by 12.5 mg up to 50 mg.
Participants will receive 24 sessions of working memory training. The experience of transcranial direct current stimulation will be simulated by administering 30 seconds of stimulation at the beginning of the session.
The SICU's practice involves daily morning team rounding at the bedside. The team includes the critical care attending physician (AP), surgical resident physician, and critical care nurse. The AP is physically present in the SICU during these rounds and for the hours between approximately 7am and 7pm. During off-shift hours (7pm-7am), the AP is available by phone as the "on-call" attending physician. In addition to this on-call availability, the standard of practice in SICU for years has been that the on-call physician proactively places a telephone call to the SICU at least once every evening to perform "telephone rounds" with the resident physician aeach SICU patient.
Currently, serial MUGA scans are the imaging modality of choice for monitoring cardiotoxicity. However, MUGA scans only measure LVEF at the cost of ionizing radiation and considerable inter-study variability, and do not reliably detect cardiomyopathy. CMR is a highly accurate technique and represents a promising imaging alternative. Because CMR is now considered the gold standard for measuring LVEF and subclinical alterations in cardiac structure and function, it will be used in this prospective observational pilot study to determine its effectiveness for monitoring cardiotoxicity in patients receiving trastuzumab. Serial CMR will be compared to serial MUGA scans, as they are routinely used for LVEF monitoring with trastuzumab therapy, in standard practice. Cardiac biomarkers will also be measured in relation to CMR and MUGA scans. Furthermore, we will determine the long-term clinical and prognostic implications of trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity detected by these various methods.

This will be a double-blinded prospective observational pilot study of breast cancer patients with overexpression of HER2 on breast pathology (using either immunohistochemistry \[IHC\] and/or fluorescence in-situ hybridization \[FISH\]), who have never received trastuzumab before, who will be treated with trastuzumab.
Participants complete an anonymous 20 minute writing exercise at home on their computer once per week for 2 weeks (days 2, 9, and 16 for a total of 3 sessions). Participants write about their emotions pertaining to managing and providing care for the cancer patient.
Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, Rituximab, Lenalidomide - 19 subjects are treated in stage-1 with FCR plus 5mg lenalidomide increasing to 10mg and 15mg in subsequent cycles depending on toxicity. If there are at least 5 CRs after 4 cycles of FCR plus lenalidomide the study will accrue an additional 35 subjects.
The intervention will be the use of rebound ACL brace for 9 weeks, which initially is locked followed by a gradually increased range of motion. A standardized rehab protocol is applied.
The present invention relates to a food for increasing the disease resistance of lung disease patients. The food is composed of the raw materials of the following weight part: 250 parts of grosvenor momordica fruit, 250 parts of cactus, 250 parts of walnut kernel, 250 parts of pear, 250 parts of sesame oil, 250 parts of brown sugar, 250 parts of bee honey and 250 parts of radish. The raw materials are decocted into paste by adding water. The present invention fully uses edible medicines which are finally distributed in lung channels to effectively block and relieve disease symptoms. The nutrition of the patients can be increased, and therefore, the immunity of the patients can be effectively improved. The present invention has the advantages of fragrant and sweet taste and no toxic and side effect, and can be used as a health-care food for the lung disease patients to improve disease resistance.
The SDG 2.2 targets the end of all forms of malnutrition by 2030. Despite the efforts by the Tanzania government to attain this goal, over 30 percent of children under-five are stunted. This study explored the relationship between maternal marital status and child health outcomes in Tanzania using the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey data set of 2022. A multiple logistic regression was conducted with the binary outcome variable "Stunted," using predictors such as the mother's age and education level, the child's birth size, birth order, and gender, as well as other household characteristics. The study findings highlight a significant association between maternal marital status and child stuntedness. The mothers in a marriage relationship are 30% less likely to have stunted children (OR=0.70, 95%CI, 0.56-0.86) compared to the mothers outside the marriage relationship. Mothers with primary and secondary education or higher, show a lower likelihood of having stunted children (OR=0.90, 95%CI 0.70-1.17) and (OR=0.68, 95%CI 0.44- 1.03) respectively compared to their uneducated counterparts. In other words, a mother being married or educated reduces the odds of her children being stunted. The probability of child stuntedness reduces as the wealth quintile of the household increases. This study contributes to the understanding of the factors influencing child health outcomes in Tanzania especially the role of marriage.
The present invention relates to selenium-enriched beer. The content of selenium in the beer is from 0.016 to 0.200 milligram/kilogram. The preparation method of the selenium-enriched beer does not need to change the original preparation technology for beer. In the original preparation process flow, the step that sodium selenite is added is supplied, specifically, before main fermentation, when yeast paste is added, the sodium selenite with required weight is prepared into a water solution with the concentration of 0.2% to 0.5%, the water solution is added to a yeast paste bin, the water solution is pumped into a main fermentation tank along with the yeast paste, and under the biologic strengthening effect of yeast, the selenium-enriched beer is prepared. The weight (gram) of the sodium selenite to be added is determined according to the calculation of a formula: G=K. A. B, wherein A is the concentration (milligram/ kilogram) of selenium in beer, B is the gross weight (ton) of beer to be prepared, and K is a coefficient, and equals to 9.847.
It is well known that resistance exercise increases rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, with the rise in synthesis greater in magnitude and duration. The time course of rates of muscle protein synthesis increase dramatically 24-72h following eccentric exercise, even in a non-exercised control leg. This data is consistent with a much larger increase in muscle protein breakdown than previously thought. However, the response of muscle protein breakdown following damaging eccentric exercise, and its relationship with muscle protein synthesis, has not yet been elucidated. Moreover, it is unclear whether a protein and polyphenol nutritional intervention influence rates of muscle protein breakdown to accelerate recovery. This study will allow researchers to test the hypothesis that eccentric exercise increases rates of muscle protein breakdown independently of muscle contraction per se. If this hypothesis is supported, it will highlight that recovery strategies from muscle damage should also target supporting muscle protein breakdown.
BACKGROUND: The perioperative use of dexamethasone in diabetic patients remains controversial due to concerns related to infection and adverse events. This study aimed to determine whether clinical evidence supports withholding dexamethasone in diabetic patients due to concern for infection risk. We hypothesized that there is no difference in infectious outcomes between dexamethasone-treated patients and controls.
METHODS: A literature search was performed on November 22, 2022 to identify randomized, placebo-controlled trials investigating short-course (<72 hours), perioperative dexamethasone that explicitly included diabetic patients and measured at least 1 clinical outcome. Pertinent studies were independently searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Authors for all identified studies were contacted with the aim of performing quantitative subgroup analyses of diabetic patients. The primary end point was surgical site infection and the secondary end point was a composite of adverse events. Qualitative remarks were reported based on the total available data and a quality assessment tool. Meta-analyses were performed using inverse variance with random effects. Heterogeneity was assessed via standard χ2 and I2 tests.
RESULTS: Sixteen unique studies were included, 5 of which were analyzed quantitatively. Of the 2592 diabetic patients, 2344 (1184 randomized to dexamethasone and 1160 to placebo) were analyzed in at least 1 quantitative outcome. Quantitative analysis showed that the use of perioperative dexamethasone had no effect on the risk of surgical site infections (log odds ratio [LOR], -0.10, 95%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.64 to 0.44) while significantly reducing the risk of composite adverse events (LOR, -0.33; 95% CI, -0.62 to -0.05). Qualitative analysis reinforced these findings, demonstrating noninferior to superior results across all clinical outcomes. There was high heterogeneity between the included studies.
CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests perioperative dexamethasone may be given to diabetic patients without increasing the risk of infectious complications. Prospective investigations aimed at optimizing dose, frequency, and timing are needed, as well as studies aimed explicitly at exploring the use of dexamethasone in patients with poorly controlled diabetes.
Patients receive CBP/beta-catenin antagonist PRI-724 IV continuously on days 1-7, bevacizumab IV over 30 minutes, leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours, oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours, and fluorouracil IV over 46 hours on day 8. Courses repeat every 14 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Alteplase is a tissue plasminogen activator produced by recombinant DNA technology. It is a sterile, purified glycoprotein of 527 amino acids. It is synthesized using the complementary DNA (cDNA) for natural human tissue-type plasminogen activator obtained from a human melanoma cell line. Biological potency is determined by an in vitro clot lysis assay and is expressed in International Units (IU).

Activase (alteplase) is a sterile, white to off-white, lyophilized powder for intravenous administration after reconstitution with Sterile Water for Injection, USP.

The reconstituted preparation results in a colorless to pale yellow transparent solution containing Activase 1 mg/mL at approximately pH 7.3. The osmolality of this solution is approximately 215 mOsm/kg.
The present invention relates to a skin-penetrating absorption preparation containing ondansetron, which is suitable for curing, preventing and releasing nausea, vomit, etc. caused by cancer radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The skin-penetrating absorption preparation can easily penetrate the skin into the body and has good curative effect and easy acceptance by patients. The ondansetron as medicines and skin-penetrating absorption promoters are jointly dissolved in propanediol solvents, ethanol solvents or aqueous solvents, and the mixed solvents are prepared into plasters, gels, ointments, film agents, etc. according to the preparing requirements of preparations. The skin-penetrating absorption promoters can be one of poloxamer, carbamide, laurocapram, oleic acid, 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (2-HP-beta-CyD) or the mixture of all the materials and have the general unit dosage of 4 to 10 milligrams. The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of other administration routes, can reach or exceed the curative effects of other preparations, and improves the life quality of patients with cancers.
INTRODUCTION: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major global health concern. However, the optimum timing of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in AMI patients remains controversial. This study investigated the optimal timing of CABG and its impact on postoperative outcomes. We hypothesized that determining the optimal timing of CABG could positively impact postoperative outcomes.
METHODS: We conducted a nationwide retrospective analysis of the National Health Insurance Service of Korea database, focusing on 1 705 843 adult AMI patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2018 who underwent CABG within 1 year of diagnosis. Patients were categorized based on CABG timing. Primary endpoints included cohort identification and the time interval from AMI diagnosis to CABG. Secondary endpoints encompassed major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and the impact of postoperative medications.
RESULTS: Of the patients, 20 172 underwent CABG. Surgery within 24 h of AMI diagnosis demonstrated the most favorable outcomes, reducing cardiac death, myocardial infarction recurrence, and target vessel revascularization. Delayed CABG within 3 days also outperformed surgery within 1-2 days post-AMI. Additionally, postoperative aspirin use was associated with improved MACCE outcomes.
CONCLUSION: CABG within 24 h of AMI diagnosis was associated with significantly minimized myocardial injury, emphasizing the critical role of rapid revascularization. Delayed CABG within 3 days related to better outcomes compared with that of surgery within 1-2 days. These findings provide evidence-based recommendations for optimizing CABG timing in AMI patients, consequentially reducing morbidity and mortality.