anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid Arthritis   
The use of Naproxen Sodium Controlled-Release Tablets for the management of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis was assessed in a 12 week double-blind, randomized, placebo, and active-controlled study in 348 patients. Two Naproxen Sodium Controlled-Release 500 mg tablets (1,000 mg) once daily and naproxen 500 mg tablets twice daily (1,000 mg) were more effective than placebo. Clinical effectiveness was demonstrated at one week and continued for the duration of the study. 

Osteoarthritis   
The use of Naproxen Sodium Controlled-Release Tablets for the management of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee was assessed in a 12 week double-blind, placebo, and active-controlled study in 347 patients. Two Naproxen Sodium Controlled-Release 500 mg tablets (1,000 mg) once daily and naproxen 500 mg tablets twice daily (1,000 mg) were more effective than placebo. Clinical effectiveness was demonstrated at one week and continued for the duration of the study. 

Analgesia   
The onset of the analgesic effect of Naproxen Sodium Controlled-Release Tablets was seen within 30 minutes in a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study of patients with pain following oral surgery. In controlled clinical trials, naproxen has been used in combination with gold, D-penicillamine, methotrexate, and corticosteroids. Its use in combination with salicylate is not recommended because there is evidence that aspirin increases the rate of excretion of naproxen and data are inadequate to demonstrate that naproxen and aspirin produce greater improvement over that achieved with aspirin alone. In addition, as with other NSAIDs the combination may result in higher frequency of adverse events than demonstrated for either product alone. 

Special Studies   
In a double-blind randomized, parallel group study, 19 subjects received either two Naproxen Sodium Controlled-Release 500 mg tablets (1,000 mg) once daily or naproxen 500 mg tablets (1,000 mg) twice daily for 7 days. Mucosal biopsy scores and endoscopic scores were lower in the subjects who received Naproxen Sodium Controlled-Release Tablets. In another double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 23 subjects received two Naproxen Sodium Controlled-Release 500 mg tablets (1,000 mg) once daily, naproxen 500 mg tablets (1,000 mg) twice daily and aspirin 650 mg four times daily (2,600 mg) for 7 days each. There were significantly fewer duodenal erosions seen with Naproxen Sodium Controlled-Release Tablets than with either naproxen or aspirin. There were significantly fewer gastric erosions with both Naproxen Sodium Controlled-Release Tablets and naproxen than with aspirin. The clinical significance of these findings is unknown.
In this study low-level LED near-infrared (670-810nm) including MedX Health Model 1100 or WiseFori5-3800 will be used. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved this type of device as imposing insignificant risk (FDA-cleared for home treatment, 2005). At each visit, LED clusters will be applied simultaneously for 20 minutes on the Fp1, Fp2 and Pz regions according to the International 10-20 system (Homan, Herman and Purdy, 1987) (energy density, 13 Joules/cm2 \[J/cm2\] per each LED cluster head placement). The total LED treatment time per visit was 20 minutes.
Participants will be on this diet for 4 weeks. The amount per serving will be determined on the basis of the participant s weight and caloric needs, as determined by a staff dietician.
The effectiveness of RISPERDAL CONSTA as an adjunct to treatment with lithium or valproate for the maintenance treatment of Bipolar Disorder was established in a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of adult patients who met DSM-IV criteria for Bipolar Disorder Type I and who experienced at least 4 episodes of mood disorder requiring psychiatric/clinical intervention in the previous 12 months, including at least 2 episodes in the 6 months prior to the start of the study.

A total of 240 patients were treated during a 16-week open-label period with RISPERDAL CONSTA (starting dose of 25 mg, and titrated, if deemed clinically desirable, to 37.5 mg or 50 mg), as adjunctive therapy in addition to continuing their treatment as usual for their bipolar disorder, which consisted of mood stabilizers (primarily lithium and valproate), antidepressants, and/or anxiolytics. All oral antipsychotics were discontinued after the first three weeks of the initial RISPERDAL CONSTA injection. In the open-label phase, 124 (51.7%) were judged to be stable for at least the last 4 weeks and were randomized to double-blind treatment with either the same dose of RISPERDAL CONSTA or placebo in addition to continuing their treatment as usual and monitored for relapse during a 52-week period. The primary endpoint was time to relapse to any new mood episode (depression, mania, hypomania, or mixed).

Time to relapse was delayed in patients receiving adjunctive therapy with RISPERDAL CONSTA as compared to placebo. The relapse types were about half depressive and half manic or mixed episodes.
Low-dose IL-2 has been proposed as a therapy to rectify regulatory T cell (Treg) fitness in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Identification of a combinatorial approach permits lower IL-2 dosing and avoids off-target effects. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) is a hormone that promotes immunoregulation. Disclosed are methods that synergizes IGF1 with IL-2 to expand Tregs. In vivo IL-2+IGF1 treatment expands murine Tregs to a greater extent than either agent alone. IGF1+IL-2 treatment permits gene transfer in primary human Treg without the requirement for conventional activation stimuli, observing that IGF1+IL-2 maintains Treg naivety.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In humans, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) exists in two alternatively spliced isoforms, TFPIα and TFPIβ. TFPIα consists of three Kunitz domains (K1, K2 and K3) and a highly basic C-terminal tail. K1 inhibits the tissue factor-activated factor VII complex, K2 specifically inhibits activated factor X, K3 is essential for interaction with its cofactor, protein S, and the basic C-terminus is binds factor V-short (FV-short) with high affinity. TFPIβ consists of K1 and K2 that is glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored directly to cell surfaces. This review explores the structure/function of TFPI and its cofactors (protein S and FV-short), and the relative contributions that different TFPI isoforms may play in haemostatic control.
RECENT FINDINGS: Recent data have underscored the importance of TFPIα function and its reliance on its cofactors, protein S and FV-short, in influencing haemostatic control as well as bleeding and thrombotic risk.
SUMMARY: TFPIα is likely the most important pool of TFPI in modifying the risk of thrombosis and bleeding. TFPIα forms a trimolecular complex with FV-short and protein S in plasma. FV-short expression levels control the circulating levels of TFPIα, whereas protein S exerts essential cofactor mediated augmentation of it anticoagulant function.
Disclosed are nitrosated and/or nitrosylated phosphodiesterase inhibitors having the formula NOn-PDE inhibitor where n is 1 or 2. The invention also provides compositions comprising such compounds in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The invention also provides a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE inhibitor), which can optionally be substituted with at least one NO or NO2 moiety, and one to ten fold molar excess of a compound that donates, transfers or releases nitrogen monoxide as a charged species, i. e., nitrosonium (NO+) or nitroxyl (NO-), or as the neutral species, nitric oxide (NO.) or which stimulates endogenous EDRF production. The invention also provides compositions comprising such compounds in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The invention also provides methods for treating sexual dysfunctions in males and females.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already infected more than 0.7 billion people and caused over 7 million deaths worldwide. At the same time, our knowledge about this virus is still incipient. In some cases, there is pre-pandemic immunity; however, its source is unknown. The analysis of patients' humoral responses might shed light on this puzzle. In this paper, we evaluated the antibody recognition of nucleocapsid protein, one of the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. For this purpose, we used pre-pandemic acute COVID-19 and convalescent patients' sera to identify and map nucleocapsid protein epitopes. We identified a common epitope KKSAAEASKKPRQKRTATKA recognized by sera antibodies from all three groups. Some motifs of this sequence are widespread among various coronaviruses, plants or human proteins indicating that there might be more sources of nucleocapsid-reactive antibodies than previous infections with seasonal coronavirus. The two sequences MSDNGPQNQRNAPRITFGGP and KADETQALPQRQKKQQTVTL were detected as specific for sera from patients in the acute phase of infection and convalescents making them suitable for future development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Knowledge of the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential for the design of appropriate diagnostic tools and vaccine antigens.
A 68-year-old woman being treated with hemodialysis for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease was admitted for progressive dyspnea over 6 months. On chest radiography, her cardiothoracic ratio had increased from 52.2% 6 months prior, to 71%, and echocardiography revealed diffuse pericardial effusion and right ventricular diastolic insufficiency. A resultant pericardial tamponade was thought to be the cause of the patient's dyspnea, and therefore a pericardiocentesis was performed, with a total of 2,000mL of fluid removed. However, 21 days later the same amount of pericardial fluid had reaccumulated. The second pericardiocentesis was performed, followed by transcatheter renal artery embolization (TAE). The kidneys, which were hard on palpation before TAE, softened immediately after TAE. After resolution of the pericardial effusion was confirmed, the patient was discharged after 24 days in hospital. Twelve months later, the patient was asymptomatic, the cardiothoracic ratio decreased to 48% on chest radiography and computed tomography revealed no reaccumulation of pericardial effusion. This case illustrates a potential relationship between enlarged kidneys in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and pericardial effusion.
The number of shoulder replacement surgeries is increasing over the years and it is expected to continue as the population ages (1). This necessitates adequate pain control in the immediate and early postoperative period when pain levels are typically high. Adequate analgesia ensures patient comfort and the ability to perform physical therapy exercises associated with positive surgical outcomes (2-3). Interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) is commonly performed to provide analgesia for patients undergoing surgical procedures in the shoulder region. Either single injection blocks or continuous perineural infusions are performed along with oral medications for better pain control in these patients. Compared with intravenous opioids, ISB is known to produce superior analgesia after major shoulder surgery (4,5). There are reports of outpatient TSA discharged directly from the recovery room following the use of continuous ISB but achievement of adequate range of motion were not tested in them (6). Consequently, ambulatory ISB may offer decreased hospitalization while ensuring adequate analgesia after TSA. Ilfeld et al (7) prospectively compared ISB and opioids regarding the time to readiness for discharge following TSA, which was followed by many other studies demonstrating the safety and efficacy of continuous ISB for TSA (8, 9). Ilfeld et al (6) showed that discharge criteria were 21 (16-41) h with the use of ISB as compared to 51 (37-90) h for those receiving perineural normal saline. In our centre, healthy patients requiring shoulder arthroplasty usually remain as in-patients for management of pain. Perineural infusions may be continued at home using a portable infusion pump after discharge. With the use of disposable portable infusion pump for continuous ISB, it may be feasible to discharge patients and reduce hospitalization time.

Although the study by Ilfeld et al showed continuous ISB allowing earlier home discharge following TSA, the patients in the study were evaluated for readiness to discharge on POD1 at 10 AM rather than the earliest times possible. Another interesting finding is that all patients received ropivacaine infusions till 6 AM of POD1 but the authors also claim to have discharged few patients on the same afternoon after the surgery. The block infusions reported in previous studies are higher than used at our institute.

There is also conflicting evidence that although continuous ISB provides adequate analgesia, they seldom impact early functional rehabilitation (10). With this background we want to evaluate the earliest times for the achievement of readiness to discharge with the use of ISB following TSA.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate acoustic spatiotemporal variability in children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) compared to children with typical development (TD). Increased spatiotemporal variability in children with CAS relative to nonapraxic peers has been documented in multiple kinematic studies. To date, few studies have investigated spatiotemporal variability in CAS using an acoustic signal.
METHOD: Data were drawn from 10 children with CAS and 10 children with TD, ranging in age from 5;0 to 11;2 (years;months), who participated in an online study. All children with CAS had a verified diagnosis and showed at least five CAS features across at least two tasks, independently confirmed by two speech-language pathologists with expertise in CAS. Children repeated the sentences "Buy Bobby a puppy" (BBAP) and "Mom pets the puppy" (MPP) 10 times each. The acoustic spatiotemporal index (STI), calculated from the amplitude envelope, was used to investigate acoustic spatiotemporal variability. Using a regression analysis, we analyzed group differences in STI values while controlling for age and gender.
RESULTS: Children with CAS did not produce enough usable tokens of BBAP to analyze. MPP revealed significantly higher acoustic STI values in children with CAS compared to children with TD. No significant effects were observed for age or gender. Acoustic data collected online without the use of specialized equipment yielded high-quality audio data from which amplitude envelope tracing could be reliably accomplished.
CONCLUSIONS: This study adds to a growing body of empirical data indicating that children with CAS produce speech with more variable spatiotemporal control compared to children with TD. In addition to producing more variable speech, children with CAS were less consistently able to form productions free of phonetic errors. These findings also demonstrate the feasibility of using remote data collection to investigate acoustic spatiotemporal variability, which allows for the recruitment of larger samples of low-incidence populations.
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26814883.
OBJECTIVE: Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is considered useful for detecting respiratory papillomatosis. However, the choice between preoperative and intraoperative NBI depends on the facility. We investigated the usefulness of NBI and determined whether preoperative NBI can replace intraoperative NBI with a comparable detection rate.
METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study conducted at single a tertiary care center, patients with respiratory papillomatosis treated between 2017 and 2022 were enrolled. We systematically compared preoperative white light imaging (WLI) with preoperative and intraoperative NBI. The primary endpoints were the papilloma detection rate and lesion site assessed by the Derkay scoring system. The secondary endpoints were the risk factors for increased Derkay scores.
RESULTS: The study included 127 patients with papilloma. Intraoperative NBI yielded significantly higher Derkay scores than preoperative WLI (p < 0.001) and preoperative NBI (p = 0.004). The papilloma detection rates of preoperative WLI and preoperative NBI were not significantly different. Intraoperative NBI detected more lesions than preoperative NBI in 37 of 127 (29%) patients; the overall number of additional lesions was 47 of 279 (17%). Compared with preoperative NBI, intraoperative NBI yielded significantly higher scores for the vocal cords (p = 0.005), false vocal cords (p = 0.010), and ventricle of the larynx (p < 0.001). Elevated Derkay scores were significantly associated with male sex (p = 0.012) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.007).
CONCLUSION: Intraoperative NBI is more accurate in detecting papillomatous lesions, and preoperative NBI cannot replace intraoperative NBI.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 134:1820-1824, 2024.
A health monitoring system provides information to healthcare professionals, patients, or caregivers of patients based on the correlation between adherence data and physiological data for the patient. The health monitoring system receives sensor data captured by a tracking device associated with a patient. Based on the sensor data, the health monitoring system generates adherence data. The adherence data includes a set of adherence data points, each corresponding to a time period of a set of time periods. Moreover, the health monitoring system receives physiological data captured by one or more measuring devices associated with the patient. The physiological data includes a set of physiological data points, each corresponding to a time period of the set of time periods. The health monitoring system then provides a user interface element generated based on a correlation between the generated adherence data and the physiological data to a user of the health monitoring system.
BACKGROUND: The use of the maxillary artery (MA) as a donor has increasingly become an alternative method for cerebral revascularization. Localization difficulties emerge due to rich infratemporal anatomical variations and the complicated relationships of the MA with neuromuscular structures. We propose an alternative localization method via the interforaminal route along the middle fossa floor.
METHODS: Five silicone-injected adult cadaver heads (10 sides) were dissected. Safe and effective localization of the MA was evaluated.
RESULTS: The MA displayed anatomical variations in relation to the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) and the mandibular nerve branches. The proposed L-shaped perpendicular 2-step drilling technique revealed a long MA segment that allowed generous rotation to the intracranial area for an end-to-end anastomosis. The first step of drilling involved medial-to-lateral expansion of foramen ovale up to the lateral border of the superior head of the LPM. The second step of drilling extended at an angle approximately 90° to the initial path and reached anteriorly to the foramen rotundum. The MA was localized by gently retracting the upper head of the LPM medially in a posterior-to-anterior direction.
CONCLUSIONS: Considering all anatomical variations, the L-shaped perpendicular 2-step drilling technique through the interforaminal space is an attainable method to release an adequate length of MA. The advantages of this technique include the early identification of precise landmarks for the areas to be drilled, preserving all mandibular nerve branches, the deep temporal arteries, and maintaining the continuity of the LPM.
Restricting daily calorie intake is the primary dietary strategy currently used to treat obesity. However, this approach is not effective for all individuals. Further, adherence to daily caloric restriction (DCR) typically decreases over time and many individuals who lose weight with this strategy will regain. Thus, novel dietary interventions are needed to provide a broader range of treatment options. The objective of this proposal is to determine if intermittent fasting (IMF) is an effective dietary strategy for treatment of obesity. IMF is an alternative method of reducing energy intake (EI) which has gained lay popularity in recent years as a strategy for weight loss. Short-term studies suggest IMF produces 3-8% weight loss in individuals with overweight and obesity. However, few studies have compared IMF to DCR and no studies have evaluated whether IMF is an effective long-term (≥1 year) weight loss strategy. Data from an 8-week pilot study comparing IMF to DCR suggests IMF is safe, tolerable, and produces similar short-term weight loss. After 6 months of unsupervised follow-up, changes in body composition tended to be more favorable with IMF and almost twice as many IMF participants maintained a ≥5 kg weight loss. Thus, IMF may be a more effective dietary strategy for sustaining weight loss than DCR. However, longer-term data are needed and little is known about adherence to IMF or the impact of IMF on energy expenditure (EE). Short-term studies suggest adherence to IMF may be superior to DCR, however, energy intake (EI) was based on self-report which may have significant limitations. Pilot data suggests resting energy expenditure (REE) was preserved during IMF-induced weight loss, which could decrease risk for weight regain. However, the impact of IMF on other components of EE including physical activity (PA) is largely unexamined. The study design is a pragmatic randomized trial to compare weight loss generated by IMF vs DCR. The targeted weekly energy deficit will be equivalent: DCR will be prescribed a \~30% daily energy restriction and IMF will be prescribed a modified fast (\~80% energy restriction) on 3 non-consecutive days per week. The hypothesis is that a weight loss program based on IMF as the primary dietary strategy will result in greater weight loss at 1 year compared to a program based on traditional DCR. The approach is innovative as the targeted energy deficit will be matched between groups and EI will be assessed objectively (using doubly-labeled water) to provide an accurate comparison of adherence. In addition, both intervention groups will receive guidelines-based behavioral support to compare IMF to the current standard of care (DCR) in a more robust fashion. This study is significant as it could identify an effective alternative dietary strategy to help more people achieve and sustain weight loss.
Rare diseases are heterogeneous diseases characterized by various symptoms and signs. Due to the low prevalence of such conditions (less than 1 in 2000 people), medical expertise is limited, knowledge is poor and patients' care provided by medical centers is inadequate. An accurate diagnosis is frequently challenging and ongoing research is also insufficient, thus complicating the understanding of the natural progression of the rarest disorders. This review aims at presenting the multimodal approach supported by the integration of multiple analyses and disciplines as a valuable solution to clarify complex genotype-phenotype correlations and promote an in-depth examination of rare disorders. Taking into account the literature from large-scale population studies and ongoing technological advancement, this review described some examples to show how a multi-skilled team can improve the complex diagnosis of rare diseases. In this regard, Facio-Scapulo-Humeral muscular Dystrophy (FSHD) represents a valuable example where a multimodal approach is essential for a more accurate and precise diagnosis, as well as for enhancing the management of patients and their families. Given their heterogeneity and complexity, rare diseases call for a distinctive multidisciplinary approach to enable diagnosis and clinical follow-up.