anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Although blood glucose changes have been suggested to be a potential better target for clinical control than baseline blood glucose levels, the association of blood glucose changes with the prognosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is unclear. Herein, this study aimed to investigate association of short-term longitudinal trajectory of blood glucose with 30-day mortality in this population.
METHODS: Data of AMI patients with DM were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) database in 2003-2019 in this retrospective cohort study. The latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM) model was utilized to classify the 24-hour longitudinal trajectory of blood glucose of the patients. Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve was drawn to show 30-day mortality risk in patients with different trajectory classes. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to explore the association of longitudinal trajectory of blood glucose within 24 hours after the ICU admission with 30-day mortality. Also, subgroups analysis of age, gender, and AMI types was performed. The evaluation indexes were hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: Among 1,523 eligible patients, 227 (14.9%) died within 30 days. We identified 4 longitudinal trajectories of blood glucose, including class 1 (a low initial average blood glucose level with steady trend within 24 hours), class 2 (a high initial average blood glucose with gently decreased trend), class 3 (the highest initial average blood glucose with rapidly decreased trend) and class 4 (a high initial average blood glucose level with the trend that increased at first and then decreased). After adjusting for covariates, an average blood glucose level of ≥200 mg/dL was linked to higher risk of 30-day mortality, comparing to that of <140 mg/dL (HR = 1.80, 95%CI: 1.23-2.63). Comparing to patients whose longitudinal trajectory of blood glucose conformed to class 1, those with class 2 (HR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.79-3.53) or class 4 (HR = 3.53, 95%CI: 2.07-6.03) seemed to have higher risk of 30-day mortality. Additionally, these associations were also significant in aged ≥60 years old, female, male, NSTEMI, and STEMI subgroups (all P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: A low level of average blood glucose at the ICU admission or reducing blood glucose to a normal level quickly with adequate measures in 24 hours after ICU admission may be beneficial for AMI patients with DM to reduce the risk of 30-day mortality. These findings may provide some information for further exploration on appropriate range of blood glucose changes in clinical practice.
Health Administrative Data Group (n = 1630) Number of matched data controls. Not taking part in intervention.
The post-nutritional intervention modulation of miRNA expression has been previously investigated; however, post-acute dietary-ingestion-related miRNA expression dynamics in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are unknown. We aimed to determine the acute effects of protein ingestion from different dietary sources on the postprandial metabolic response, amino acid levels, and circulating miRNA expression in adults with obesity and IR. This clinical trial included adults with obesity and IR who consumed (1) animal-source protein (AP; calcium caseinate) or (2) vegetable-source protein (VP; soy protein isolate). Glycaemic, insulinaemic, and glucagon responses, amino acid levels, and exosomal microRNAs isolated from plasma were analysed. Post-AP ingestion, the area under the curve (AUC) of insulin (p = 0.04) and the plasma concentrations of branched-chain (p = 0.007) and gluconeogenic (p = 0.01) amino acids increased. The effects of different types of proteins on the concentration of miRNAs were evaluated by measuring their plasma circulating levels. Compared with the baseline, the AP group presented increased circulating levels of miR-27a-3p, miR-29b-3p, and miR-122-5p (p < 0.05). Subsequent analysis over time at 0, 30, and 60 min revealed the same pattern and differences between treatments. We demonstrated that a single dose of dietary protein has acute effects on hormonal and metabolic regulation and increases exosomal miRNA expression in individuals with obesity and IR.
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with pentazocine hydrochloride and acetaminophen tablets. It is also not known whether pentazocine hydrochloride and acetaminophen tablets can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women or can affect reproduction capacity. Pentazocine hydrochloride and acetaminophen tablets should be given to pregnant women only if clearly needed. However, animal reproduction studies with pentazocine have not demonstrated teratogenic or embryotoxic effects.

### Nonteratogenic Effects

There has been no experience in this regard with the combination pentazocine and acetaminophen. However, there have been rare reports of possible abstinence syndromes in newborns after prolonged use of pentazocine during pregnancy.
Instances of life-threatening and sometimes fatal autoimmune phenomena such as hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thrombocytopenia/thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Evans syndrome, and acquired hemophilia have been reported to occur after one or more cycles of treatment with fludarabine phosphate in patients with or without a previous history of autoimmune hemolytic anemia or a positive Coombs' test and who may or may not be in remission from their disease. Steroids may or may not be effective in controlling these hemolytic episodes. The majority of patients rechallenged with fludarabine phosphate developed a recurrence in the hemolytic process. The mechanism(s) which predispose patients to the development of this complication has not been identified. Patients undergoing treatment with Fludarabine Phosphate Injection should be evaluated and closely monitored for hemolysis. Discontinuation of therapy with Fludarabine Phosphate Injection is recommended in case of hemolysis.
Use of a grease pencil for medical application of active ingredients on the edge of the eyelid, is claimed. The effect is made on the eyelid itself, in the lacrimal film, on the eye surface, in the eyelid, on the meibomian glands, in and around the eye and/or in the lacrimal duct by acting upon the tissue or by resorption. The pencil mass is a composition of carrier substance from all lipids, or from lipids and at least one active ingredient, which is in a position to act on the above-mentioned tissues. The active ingredient comprises e.g. lipids with special properties. Use of a grease pencil for medical application of active ingredients on the edge of the eyelid, is claimed. The effect is made on the eyelid itself, in the lacrimal film, on the eye surface, in the eyelid, on the meibomian glands, in and around the eye and/or in the lacrimal duct by acting upon the tissue or by resorption. The pencil mass is a composition of carrier substance from all lipids, or from lipids and at least one active ingredient, which is in a position to act on the above-mentioned tissues. The active ingredient comprises lipids with special properties (e.g. anti-inflammatory lipids), surface active proteins, lipid-transporting proteins, pigments, medicinal charcoal or soil, active ingredients for influencing the eye pressure, antihistamines and/or other active ingredients to combat allergies, antifungal, keratolytic, steroids, vitamins, lipophilic active ingredients, local anesthetic agents, sunscreens, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory active ingredients (antiphlogistics), anti-microbial peptides for defense against infection and tissue regeneration, other proteins or peptides for tissue differentiation and/or regeneration, anti-viral agents, hormones, active ingredients for improving or inhibiting the innervation, narcotics, alkaloids, antibiotics, essential oils, aphrodisiacs, hallucinogens, active ingredients inhibiting or promoting the blood circulation, mucous membrane decongestant active ingredients, active ingredients acting on nitric oxide production, vaccines and/or adjuvants, substances, which strengthen or dampen the immune reaction (immunomodulator). ACTIVITY : Antiinlammatory; Opthalmological. No biological data given. MECHANISM OF ACTION : None given.
The present invention discloses tonic wine. Every 1000 ml of spirit comprises the Chinese medicine raw materials with the following weight: 1 to 100g of ants, 50 to 200g of wolfberry fruit, 1 to 50g of American ginseng and 50 to 200g of gynostemma pentaphylla. The spirit has 55 degrees and high quality and is brewed by grains. The ants are silky ants. The present invention has the advantage of scientific matching, and uses the wine to assist the medicine effect and to help the medicine release effective components. Tests prove that every 100 ml of the tonic wine contains 0.51 mg of coarse polysaccharide measured by dextrose and 0.42 mg of total saponin measured by ginsenoside Re. Therefore, the immune function of human bodies can be well adjusted so as to reach the purposes for supplementing qi, building bodies, strengthening Yang, invigorating the kidney and enhancing the physical strength. The tonic wine is suitable for people with low immunity.
Current randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind was designed to assess the effect of probiotic contained milk formula (PMF) on lipid profile and intestinal function in healthy mild hypercholesterolemic subjects. Totally forty healthy mild hypercholesterolemic subjects (180-220 mg/dL) were randomly chosen and divided into two groups as placebo or experimental group. All the subjects were requested to drink either PMF (experimental) or skimmed milk drink formula-Placebo (30 gm mixed with 200 mL of water) for 10 weeks and continued by 2 weeks of the follow-up period. Supplementation of PMF for 10 weeks significantly improved (p\< 0.05) the fecal weight, fecal movement (decreased fecal GI passing time) by improving intestinal microflora (increasing beneficial bacterial species like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium spp) and Lag time of LDL oxidation. In addition, intake of PMF substantially reduced (p\< 0.05) the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and thus showcasing its cardioprotective efficacy. Therefore PMF is recommended for the management of hypercholesterolemia.
Do not use in pediatric surgery.

Children seem more prone to develop extrapyramidal reactions, even on moderate doses. Therefore, use lowest effective dosage. Tell parents not to exceed prescribed dosage, since the possibility for adverse reactions increases as dosage rises.

Occasionally the patient may react to the drug with signs of restlessness and excitement; if this occurs, do not administer additional doses. Take particular precaution in administering the drug to children with acute illnesses or dehydration (see under Dystonias).

1\. Severe Nausea and Vomiting in Children:

Prochlorperazine should not be used in pediatric patients under 20 pounds in weight or 2 years of age. It should not be used in conditions for which children's dosages have not been established. Dosage and frequency of administration should be adjusted according to the severity of the symptoms and the response of the patient. The duration of activity following intramuscular administration may last up to 12 hours. Subsequent doses may be given by the same route if necessary.

Oral Dosage: More than 1 day's therapy is seldom necessary.

2\. Children with schizophrenia:

Oral Dosage: For children 2 to 12 years, starting dosage is 2½ mg 2 or 3 times daily. Do not give more than 10 mg the first day. Then increase dosage according to patient's response.

FOR AGES 2 to 5, total daily dosage usually does not exceed 20 mg. 

FOR AGES 6 to 12, total daily dosage usually does not exceed 25 mg.
PERCOCET should be prescribed only by healthcare professionals who are knowledgeable about the use of opioids and how to mitigate the associated risks.

Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest duration of time consistent with individual patient treatment goals [see WARNINGS]. Because the risk of overdose increases as opioid doses increase, reserve titration to higher doses of PERCOCET for patients in whom lower doses are insufficiently effective and in whom the expected benefits of using a higher dose opioid clearly outweigh the substantial risks.

Many acute pain conditions (e.g., the pain that occurs with a number of surgical procedures or acute musculoskeletal injuries) require no more than a few days of an opioid analgesic. Clinical guidelines on opioid prescribing for some acute pain conditions are available.

There is variability in the opioid analgesic dose and duration needed to adequately manage pain due both to the cause of pain and to individual patient factors. Initiate the dosing regimen for each patient individually, taking into account the patient's underlying cause and severity of pain, prior analgesic treatment and response, and risk factors for addiction, abuse, and misuse [see WARNINGS].

Respiratory depression can occur at any time during opioid therapy, especially when initiating and following dosage increases with PERCOCET. Consider this risk when selecting an initial dose and when making dose adjustments [see WARNINGS].
Each subject underwent baseline assessment of pain reporting accuracy (FAST). Thereafter, the placebo response was assessed using tonic heat stimuli delivered at fixed temperature of 44, 46.5, and 48°C which evoke mild, moderate and severe pain sensations (in accordance). The stimuli were given in a pseudo-random order twice, once before receiving the placebo pill (a sugar pill) and once after, maintaining the same order as before.
The effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the coagulation system is not fully understood. SARS-CoV-2 penetrates cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, leading to its downregulation. Des-arginine9-bradykinin (DA9B) is degraded by ACE2 and causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability. Furthermore, DA9B is associated with impaired platelet function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of DA9B on platelet function and coagulopathy in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. In total, 29 polymerase-positive SARS-CoV-2 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the University Hospital of Giessen and 29 healthy controls were included. Blood samples were taken, and platelet impedance aggregometry and rotational thromboelastometry were performed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays measured the concentrations of DA9B, bradykinin, and angiotensin 2. Significantly increased concentrations of DA9B and angiotensin 2 were found in the COVID-19 patients. A negative effect of DA9B on platelet function and intrinsic coagulation was also found. A sub-analysis of moderate and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome patients revealed a negative association between DA9B and platelet counts and fibrinogen levels. DA9B provokes inhibitory effects on the intrinsic coagulation system in COVID-19 patients. This negative feedback seems reasonable as bradykinin, which is transformed to DA9B, is released after contact activation. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency. Despite multiple daily insulin injections, glycemic targets are usually not achieved in T1DM patients. Use of continuos glucose monitoring system (CGMS) is associated with improvement in glycemic control and reduction in glycemic variability in T1DM subjects. Real-time CGMS (rt-CGMS) and intermittently Scanned CGMS (is-CGMS) are the newer CGMS technologies. Previous studies have shown that in T1DM patients rt-CGMS is better than is-CGMS for glycemic control and reducing hypoglycemic episodes in patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, but in patients with normal hypoglycemic awareness this is not well established.

This study is a randomized control clinical study of 6 months duration in patients of T1DM having normal hypoglycemic awareness, with age 15-40 years with a HbA1c range of 8-12%. Following a training period of 2 weeks, 80 participants will be randomized into 3 arms in a ratio of 1:1: 2 into rt-CGMS, is-CGMS arms and SMBG(Self Monitoring of Blood Glucose) arms respectively. For the rt-CGMS group Medtronic Guardian Connect sensor 3 will be applied for 2 weeks and and for is-CGMS group Free Style Libre will be applied for 2 weeks. The participants randomized into the 3rd group shall do self monitoring of blood glucose(SMBG) throughout the study duration of 6 months. Those participants randomized into rt-CGMS and is-CGMS groups after the end of 2 weeks will also monitor their blood glucose by SMBG till the end of 3 months.The frequency of SMBG for all these groups would be - 4 times a day( premeal blood glucose and one post meal blood glucose on rotational basis) on weekdays and 7 times on Sundays(3 times pre meals, 3 times 2 hrs post meals and once at 3 am). At the end of 3 months participants in the rt-CGMS group will undergo crossover to is-CGMS group and vice versa whereas participants in SMBG group will remain in the same arm till the end of the study(6 months).Short term blood glucose control will be assessed by Fructosamine assay after 2 weeks of CGMS application and long term control by HbA1C at the end of 3 months and 6 months. All glycemic parameters(like Time in Range, Time below Range and Time in Range will be compared in both CGMS groups before and after cross-over and both these arms will be compared with SMBG for all the outcomes.Quality of life will also be assessed in these groups by using QOLID questionnaire.
BACKGROUND: Nirmatrelvir in combination with ritonavir is an antiviral treatment for mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). The efficacy of this treatment in patients who are at standard risk for severe Covid-19 or who are fully vaccinated and have at least one risk factor for severe Covid-19 has not been established.
METHODS: In this phase 2-3 trial, we randomly assigned adults who had confirmed Covid-19 with symptom onset within the past 5 days in a 1:1 ratio to receive nirmatrelvir-ritonavir or placebo every 12 hours for 5 days. Patients who were fully vaccinated against Covid-19 and who had at least one risk factor for severe disease, as well as patients without such risk factors who had never been vaccinated against Covid-19 or had not been vaccinated within the previous year, were eligible for participation. Participants logged the presence and severity of prespecified Covid-19 signs and symptoms daily from day 1 through day 28. The primary end point was the time to sustained alleviation of all targeted Covid-19 signs and symptoms. Covid-19-related hospitalization and death from any cause were also assessed through day 28.
RESULTS: Among the 1296 participants who underwent randomization and were included in the full analysis population, 1288 received at least one dose of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (654 participants) or placebo (634 participants) and had at least one postbaseline visit. The median time to sustained alleviation of all targeted signs and symptoms of Covid-19 was 12 days in the nirmatrelvir-ritonavir group and 13 days in the placebo group (P = 0.60). Five participants (0.8%) in the nirmatrelvir-ritonavir group and 10 (1.6%) in the placebo group were hospitalized for Covid-19 or died from any cause (difference, -0.8 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, -2.0 to 0.4). The percentages of participants with adverse events were similar in the two groups (25.8% with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and 24.1% with placebo). In the nirmatrelvir-ritonavir group, the most commonly reported treatment-related adverse events were dysgeusia (in 5.8% of the participants) and diarrhea (in 2.1%).
CONCLUSIONS: The time to sustained alleviation of all signs and symptoms of Covid-19 did not differ significantly between participants who received nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and those who received placebo. (Supported by Pfizer; EPIC-SR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05011513.).
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multi-factorial and multi-systemic pathology associated with motor neuron degeneration, muscle atrophy and paralysis. Mounting evidence suggests that the earliest presymptomatic functional and pathological changes are occurring distally in axons and at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). These changes precede, and can be independent of the loss of cell bodies or alterations in other cell types already linked to the ALS disease process. In line with these studies, we found that in human ALS muscles the acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are less sensitive to ACh than denervated non-ALS muscles. It has been also reported that muscle specific expression of mutant superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene induces muscle atrophy, significant reduction in muscle strength, mitochondrial dysfunction, microgliosis, and neuronal degeneration, suggesting that retrograde signals from muscle to nerve may contribute to synapse and axon damage. This suggests that skeletal muscle is an important target for therapeutic intervention. Neuromuscular system may be artificially stimulated either by an electrical stimulation (ES) or by time-varying electromagnetic fields. Neuromuscular magnetic stimulation (NMMS) has been proposed as an alternative, non-invasive, stimulation technique.

Objective: aim of the study is to verify whether neuromuscular magnetic stimulation can improve muscle function in spinal-onset Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients. We will study if neuromuscular magnetic stimulation can counteract muscle atrophy by promoting the modulation of factors associated with muscle catabolism and/or increasing the efficacy of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Methods: At the baseline visit, ALS patients will be randomized in two groups to receive daily real neuromuscular magnetic stimulation in one arm and sham neuromuscular magnetic stimulation in the opposite arm for two weeks. All patients will undergo median nerve conduction study and a clinical examination, including handgrip strength test and evaluation of upper limbs muscle strength by Medical Research Council Muscle Scale. At the end of the stimulation procedures, a needle muscle biopsy will be performed bilaterally from flexor carpi radialis muscle. Muscle samples will be used to perform histomorphometric and molecular analysis and electrophysiological recordings of acetylcholine evoked currents.