anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Currently, treatment regimens for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are limited because of the presence of numerous adverse effects. Nicotinamide, a readily available and cost-effective vitamin, has been widely acknowledged for its safety profile. Several studies have demonstrated the anti-leishmanial effects of nicotinamide in vitro. However, the potential role of nicotinamide in Leishmania infection in vivo remains elusive.
METHODS: In this study, we assessed the efficacy of nicotinamide as a therapeutic intervention for VL caused by Leishmania infantum in an experimental mouse model and investigated its underlying molecular mechanisms. The potential molecular mechanism was explored through cytokine analysis, examination of spleen lymphocyte subsets, liver RNA-seq analysis, and pathway validation.
RESULTS: Compared to the infection group, the group treated with nicotinamide demonstrated significant amelioration of hepatosplenomegaly and recovery from liver pathological damage. The NAM group exhibited parasite reduction rates of 79.7% in the liver and 86.7% in the spleen, respectively. Nicotinamide treatment significantly reduced the activation of excessive immune response in infected mice, thereby mitigating hepatosplenomegaly and injury. Furthermore, nicotinamide treatment enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation by upregulating key enzymes to maintain lipid homeostasis.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide initial evidence supporting the safety and therapeutic efficacy of nicotinamide in the treatment of Leishmania infection in BALB/c mice, suggesting its potential as a viable drug for VL.
In general, the patent herein is a radioactive chemical which attaches to the virus and releases radiation which kills the virus. Specifically, the chemical is an alpha-ketoamide designed to attach to the virus. However, instead of 2 bromine atoms, Iodine-131 is at the location of where the bromine atoms would have been. Iodine-131 is a radioactive element which releases ionizing radiation. The virus with which this radioactive chemical is designed for is the COVID-19 coronavirus, although the patent is for any virus. Since, modifications can be made in chemical structure and radioactive chemical species, the patent is for any and all chemicals which contain any type of radioactive element to kill or disrupt any type of virus.
Participants allocated to this arm will receive a placebo that will be identical in form to the MC 3x3 pills used the interventional arm. These doses will be scheduled daily and administered orally for up to three consecutive days.
Depression is a serious condition that is often difficult to diagnosis and treat. Bipolar disorder-related depression is especially complex because of the presence of mania symptoms. Lamotrigine and divalproex are commonly prescribed medications for depression. However, their effectiveness in treating bipolar depression has not been thoroughly evaluated. Studies have shown that combining lamotrigine with another antidepressant may be more effective in reducing depressive symptoms than lamotrigine alone. This study will provide participants with either lamotrigine alone or in combination with divalproex and will determine which regimen is more effective in reducing symptoms of bipolar depression.

Participants will be randomly assigned to a daily regimen of either lamotrigine and divalproex or lamotrigine and placebo for 8 months. Participants will be assessed at study entry, at two unspecified times during the study, and at the end of the study. During each assessment, participants will undergo a brief interview and complete a questionnaire about their depressive symptoms, any physical manifestations of their depression, and their overall level of functioning in daily activities.
PURPOSE:To obtain an ultraviolet absorber containing an alkoxy salicylic acid and having excellent UV-B absorbing ability and safety. CONSTITUTION:This ultraviolet absorber contains an alkoxy salicylic acid expressed by the formula (R is an alkoxy) and/or its salt, e.g. 4-methoxysalicylic acid. As the ultraviolet absorbent, only alkoxysalicylic acid may be used, but the alkoxysalicylic aid may be combined with other UV-B absorber (e.g. p- aminobenzoic acid derivative) and UV-A absorber (e.g. 4-methoxy-2'- carboxydibenzoylmethane). The ultraviolet absorber protects skin from ultraviolet rays in middle wavelength region of 290-320nm and exhibits stability to light and heat and it has high safety to the skin. When the ultraviolet absorber is added to a skin external preparation, 0.1-20wt.% of the ultraviolet absorber is blended in the composition of the skin external.
Methods and systems described herein include using various characteristics of cell-free DNA molecules to determine a property of a biological sample or a subject. Such characteristics can include size (e.g., where characteristic is of long cell-free DNA molecules), methylation, and end motifs. The method includes determining disease classification and/or predicting tissue of origin. In some instances, the characteristics includes determining an amount of long cell-free DNA molecules, and the disease classification can be based on the determined amount. The characteristics can also include identifying methylation pattern of a cell-free DNA molecule, then comparing the methylation pattern to a reference pattern to predict the tissue origin. In some instances, the methylation-pattern analysis includes using a trained machine-learning model. The characteristics can also include relative frequencies of sequences having one or more end motifs, at which the relative frequencies can be compared with reference frequencies to determine a disease classification.
Selenium is a trace element and its deficiency has been associated with the risk of PCOS, a multifactorial syndrome that affects a large number of women worldwide. Several databases and literature were searched to find out genetic variants of the genes involved in selenium uptake, metabolism, and regulation which may be significantly associated with the risk of PCOS through Se-related pathways. Genes that require selenium for their biological actions to perform were also shortlisted. A total of eighteen significantly associated genes with forty-four variants were identified as candidate variants that could play a potential role in the modulation of PCOS risk among the study population. The genetic variant distribution data was available in-house and was obtained through a GWAS study of the North India population. In silico tools were applied to understand the functional impact of these variants. Three variants namely LDLR (rs2228671), TNF (rs1041981), and SAA2 (rs2468844) are strongly associated with PCOS risk and have a functional impact on encoded protein. Certain variants of Se uptake genes such as DIO1, GPX2, TXNRD1, DIO2 and GPX3 are also significantly associated with the risk of PCOS development. "C" allele of the Se transporter gene SELENOP (rs9686343) significantly increases PCOS risk. Other potential genes require selenium for their biological actions and are involved in the inflammatory, antioxidant response, and energy homeostasis signaling pathways. Thus, genetic variants of the population may affect the Se availability in the body. Also, deficiency of Se effects may get modulated due to underlying genetic polymorphism of Se-associated genes. This information may be helpful in dosage adjustment of Se supplementation for a population in order to get maximum benefits.
Potassium replacement therapy comprises oral admin. of 15-1200 mg of potassium chloride together with an effective amt. of salicylic acid or its acceptable salts (e.g. Na or K salt) for lessening the incidence of side effects associated with the therapeutic use of KCl. Pref. the amt. of salicylic acid or its salt is 0.5-5 mg for each 5-20 mg of KCl, esp. 1 mg for each 15 mg of KCl. Opt. the therapy can be used in conjunction with a diet of foods high in potassium content, such as apricots, avocados, bananas, cherries, dried fruits and tomatoes. The therapy may be used to treat hypokalaemia caused by potassium losses through the gastrointestinal tract (e.g. by vomitting or diarrhoea), through the genitourinary system (e.g. as a consequence of the use of diuretic drugs and minerals-corticoids) or as a result of diseases characterised by increased secretion of glucocorticoids. The use of the salicylic acid (or salt) reduces the side-effects such as nausea, vomitting, diarrhoea, and gastric and intestinal ulceration, associated with KCl.
Subjects will be administered SC 0.5 mL AVA doses on Days 1, 15, and 29 (0, 2, and 4 weeks), with the first AVA dose administered immediately after completion of a single intravenous (IV) infusion 40 milligram (mg)/kilogram (kg) raxibacumab dose. Subjects will be premedicated with 25-50 mg of diphenhydramine up to 1 hour prior to the raxibacumab infusion to reduce the risk of infusion reactions.
INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone of radiofrequency (RF) ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, a single ablation strategy does not always achieve the desired therapeutic effect in all patients with persistent AF, and individualised strategies are required for different clinical characteristics.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study aimed to determine the optimal catheter ablation strategy for persistent AF by comparing the efficacy of PVI and BCXL (BC: big circles encircling pulmonary vein isolation; XL: unfixed number of lines based on the left atrial substrate). The BCXL-AF study (clinical trial no. ChiCTR2200067081) was designed as a prospective, randomised, parallel-controlled, single-blinded clinical trial. Overall, 400 patients with persistent AF were randomised in a 1:1 ratio into PVI-only and BCXL-individualised ablation groups. Patients randomised to the individualised ablation group will be further categorised into risk strata according to their clinical condition using the actual ablation method determined by the strata. Seven postoperative visits were conducted from discharge to 24 months of age. The primary observation endpoint will be the incidence of atrial tachyarrhythmia (including AF, atrial flutter and atrial tachycardia with a duration of ≥30 s) without using antiarrhythmic drugs after a blank period of 3 months following a single ablation procedure. The BCXL-AF study will assess an optimal approach for persistent AF RF ablation and evaluate the effectiveness of individualised RF ablation strategies in reducing the recurrence rate of AF.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol was reviewed, and ethical approval was obtained from the Army Medical University Human Ethics Committee (approval number: 2022-484-01). All the participants provided written informed consent. This study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its amendments. The results of this study will be disseminated through manuscript publication and conference presentations.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2200067081.
Brain metastases are a common complication of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) both at initial presentation and at the time of disease progression. Patients with brain metastases have often been excluded from large randomized phase III trials due to concerns of poorer survival and impaired ability of drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier. However, as survival has improved, some trials have included such patients, often finding similar benefit to patients with metastatic disease elsewhere.

Bevacizumab is a recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, has emerged as an important adjunct to platinum-based chemotherapy doublets for use in advanced NSCLC. This drug is normally used as a first line chemotherapy. Pemetrexed is a multi-targeted anti-folate agent,which is approved for use in first-line (with platinum), maintenance, and second-line treatment of advanced nonsquamous NSCLC. Based on the efficacy of pemetrexed as a second line agent and the safety questions surrounding bevacizumab in those with treated brain metastases, a trial was designed to look at the combination of both agents as a second line therapy in NSCLC patients with treated stable brain metastases
A composition for treating a subject is provided. The composition includes dimeric or polymeric secretory IgA therapeutic. Formulating agents are mixed with the dimeric or polymeric secretory IgA to yield a dosing form of a capsule, tablet, and a suppository. A process for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment of  C. difficile  associated disease in a human is also provided that the modification of dimeric or polymeric IgA with secretory component to form a dimeric or polymeric secretory IgA therapeutic. The dimeric or polymeric secretory IgA therapeutic is then mixed with formulating agents to create a capsule, tablet, or suppository dosing form. The therapeutic is amenable to enrobement directly through microencapsulation or the dosing form is coated with an enteric coating. A method of  C. difficile  treatment with the therapeutic is also provided that is amenable to supplementation with concurrent or prior antibiotic administration.
Cambodia has one of the highest rates of HIV infection in Southeast Asia. At the end of 2002, HIV infection rates among Cambodian sex workers ranged from 14.8% to 28.8%. Tenofovir DF is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that was licensed for the treatment of HIV-1 infection by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October 2001. This randomized clinical trial will determine if a daily oral 300 mg dose of tenofovir DF is safe and effective in preventing HIV-1 infection. This is a collaborative study between the University of California, San Francisco, the University of New South Wales, and the Ministry of Health of Cambodia.

Nine hundred and sixty HIV uninfected female sex workers in Phnom Penh will be enrolled in the trial. Participants will be randomized to receive either 300 mg of tenofovir DF or placebo daily for 12 months. Participants will be evaluated for rates of HIV infection, adherence to the drug regimen, and changes in risk behaviors. All participants will be monitored throughout the trial for side effects and toxicity. Participants will be involved in the study for 14 months.
Featured are polymeric nanocarriers ( e.g. , PLGA nanoparticles) with encapsulated nucleic acid ( e.g. , an antisense oligonucleotide) for delivery ( e.g. , intrathecally) to the central nervous system. These polymeric nanocarriers are useful in the treatment of central nervous system disorders. They are capable of delivering their cargo ( e.g. , an antisense oligonucleotide) in higher amounts, for a longer period of time, and into deeper regions of the brain than a free or unformulated antisense oligonucleotide. The efficient delivery and distribution of antisense oligonucleotides results in reducing the number of administrations and patient compliance and improves patient experience.
Renal fibrosis serves as the shared pathway in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a vital mechanism leading to the generation of myofibroblasts, thereby contributing to the advancement of fibrogenesis. Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 3(Birc3) was identified as a crucial inhibitor of cell death and a significant mediator in inflammatory signaling and immunity. However, its involvement in the development of renal interstitial fibrosis via EndMT still needs to be clarified. Herein, elevated levels of Birc3 expression along with EndMT-associated alterations, including increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels and decreased CD31 expression, were observed in fibrotic kidneys of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO)-induced mouse models and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced EndMT in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). Functionally, Birc3 knockdown inhibited EndMT and mitochondrial fission mediated by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, endothelial Birc3 exacerbated Drp-1-induced mitochondrial fission through the MAPK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in endothelial cell models stimulated TGF-β. Collectively, these findings illuminate the mechanisms and indicate that targeting Birc3 could offer a promising therapeutic strategy to improve endothelial cell survival and mitigate the progression of CKD.
Hazardous alcohol use contributes to mental and physical health problems, disability, and may lead to increased risk of premature death. Among individuals with chronic pain the rate of hazardous alcohol use is elevated compared to the general population, yet, hazardous alcohol users with chronic pain remain an underserved group. There is a critical need to test alternative and complimentary approaches to the implementation of effective interventions to reduce hazardous alcohol use among this high-risk segment of the general population; doing so in an integrated fashion (i.e., jointly targeting alcohol and affective mechanisms that may maintain pain-alcohol associations) may provide a more efficient and targeted intervention approach. Targeting pain-related anxiety, a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor that is prospectively associated with both hazardous drinking and chronic pain, may be beneficial. Thus, more work is needed to evaluate the benefit of targeting elevated pain-related anxiety among hazardous drinkers with chronic pain. Our approach will follow a staged model consistent with NIH guidelines for developing and standardizing behavioral interventions. Phase IB activities will include a proof-of-concept and highly rigorous randomized clinical trial designed to compare pain-related anxiety/alcohol PFI (PA-PFI) to assessment only among a sample of 130 hazardous drinkers with chronic pain who have elevated levels of pain-related anxiety. This study represents an important and pivotal step in the larger landscape of translating basic research to more efficacious strategies for reducing hazardous drinking among underserved populations with medical comorbidities. The proposed intervention would be highly disseminable and relevant to millions of hazardous drinkers with chronic pain. Given the collective public health impact of chronic pain and hazardous drinking, the proposed study will yield findings that enhance scientific knowledge, enhance our understanding of mechanisms in reciprocal pain-alcohol relations, and inform the development of novel treatments for hazardous drinkers with chronic pain with elevated pain-related anxiety that are adaptable and easily implemented across a variety of healthcare settings.
NEW MATERIAL:The compound of formula I (X is halogen; R is OH or H). EXAMPLE:2,3-Dihydro-2-hydroxy-7-fluoro-4H,8H-pyrimido[ 2,1-b ]-[ 1,3 ]-oxazin-8- one. USE:A drug expected to have antitumor effect. PREPARATION:The uracil derivative of formula II converted to TMS is made to react with bromopropanol, and the reaction product is hydrolyzed. The obtained reaction product of formula III is oxidized with a proper oxidizing agent to obtain the objective compound of formula I '. The oxidizing agent is e.g. pyridinium chlorochromate, tert-butyl chromate, etc. The component of formula I ' is stable in acidic state but decomposes gradually into acrolein and a uracil derivative having antitumor activity in neutral and basic state. Accordingly, the compound is expected to have antitumor activity different from that of the masked compound.
Type 2 inflammation related diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, are diverse and affect multiple systems in the human body. It is common for individuals to have multiple co-existing type 2 inflammation related diseases, which can impose a significant financial and living burden on patients. However, the exact pathogenesis of these diseases is still unclear. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a protein complex composed of the NLRP3 protein, ASC, and Caspase-1, and is activated through various mechanisms, including the NF-κB pathway, ion channels, and lysosomal damage. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in the immune response to pathogens and cellular damage. Recent studies have indicated a strong correlation between the abnormal activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the onset of type 2 inflammation. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that suppressing NLRP3 expression effectively diminishes the inflammatory response, highlighting its promising therapeutic applications. Therefore, this article reviews the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the development and therapy of multiple type 2 inflammation related diseases.
Every MS patient will be treated with traditional dysphagia therapy, associated with an active neuromuscular electrostimulation. The amplitude will be increased until the subject will feel a 'grabbing sensation' which corresponded to muscular contraction. This will be the amplitude used for the therapy. This process will be repeated for the second channel of the stimulator. The typical electrical stimulus is at 80 Hz and at 300 microsec, and it will be adapted to avoid annoying stimulus to the patients. During therapy, both channels will be active. Every MS patient will be received 16 sessions of traditional dysphagia therapy according to their degree of dysphagia, contemporary associated with neuromuscular electrostimulation , according to our previous experiences, two 30-min treatment a day, separated by a rest period of at least 45 minutes for four consecutive days per week, within a period of 4 weeks.
Patients are offered a liquid diet on day 1 for 24 hours following surgery. Beginning on day 2, patients who tolerate a liquid diet are offered a light regular diet until hospital discharge.
Participants receive DHS-PCMH usual care from their respective county health clinic providers plus the AHH intervention provided by study promotoras. AHH intervention includes 6 weekly in-person or via-telephone intervention sessions followed by 3 monthly telephone booster sessions aimed at reducing the burden and strain on patients, families, and care providers by assessing, enhancing, and facilitating patient depression and co-morbid illness self-care management, and activating patient communication with clinic medical providers.
Once weekly (every 7 days) s.c. administration of 17.5 mg MTX. If PASI50 is not reached after 8 weeks (week 8) or PASI75 is not reached after 24 weeks, the dosing will be increased to 22.5 mg MTX/week. If patients were already dosed with 22.5 mg MTX/week in week 24 and PASI50 is not reached, patients will be excluded from treatment. Primary endpoint after 16 weeks.
The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine and provides a medicine composition for treating cervical spondylosis and insomnia and discloses medicine with a treatment effect on both cervical spondylosis and insomnia and a preparation method thereof. The medicine composition is prepared from, by weight, 1-3 parts of rhizomes of drynaria quercifolia, 1-3 parts of all-grass of shuteria involucrata and 1-3 parts of stems or branches or roots of euonymus sacrosanct. A conventional pharmaceutical method in traditional Chinese pharmacology is adopted for preparing the medicine composition into tablets or pills or hard capsules or granules. The preparation method of the medicine composition comprises the steps that rhizomes of drynaria quercifolia, all-grass of shuteria involucrate and stems or branches or roots of euonymus sacrosanct are taken and mixed, 3-15 times of water is added for soaking for 0.5-2 hours, decoction is conducted 2-4 times with each time lasting for 0.5-2 hours, extracting solutions are fused and filtered, filtrate is concentrated, dried and smashed into fine powder, auxiliary materials are added, uniform mixing is conducted, and the medicine composition is obtained. The invention further provides a method for determining the content of the medicine composition through a high performance liquid chromatographic method and a gas chromatographic method. Studies show that the medicine has a remarkable treatment effect on both cervical spondylosis and insomnia.