anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Methylene blue (MB) has been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity in vasoplegic patients after cardiac surgery. Though MB is considered to be safe, extravasation of MB leading to cutaneous toxicity has been reported. In this study, we sought to characterize MB-induced cutaneous toxicity and investigate the underlying mechanisms. To induce MB-induced cutaneous toxicity, we injected 64 adult male Sprague-Dawley rates with 200 µL saline (vehicle) or 1%, 0.1%, or 0.01% MB in the plantar hind paws. Paw swelling, skin histologic changes, and heat and mechanical hyperalgesia were measured. Injection of 1%, but not 0.1% or 0.01% MB, produced significant paw swelling compared to saline. Injection of 1% MB produced heat hyperalgesia but not mechanical hyperalgesia. Pain behaviors were unchanged following injections of 0.1% or 0.01% MB. Global transcriptomic analysis by RNAseq identified 117 differentially expressed genes (111 upregulated, 6 downregulated). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed an increased quantity of leukocytes, increased lipids, and decreased apoptosis of myeloid cells and phagocytes with activation of IL-1β and Fos as the two major regulatory hubs. qPCR showed a 16-fold increase in IL-6 mRNA. Thus, using a novel rat model of MB-induced cutaneous toxicity, we show that infiltration of 1% MB into cutaneous tissue causes a dose-dependent pro-inflammatory response, highlighting potential roles of IL-6, IL-1β, and Fos. Thus, anesthesiologists should administer dilute MB intravenously through peripheral venous catheters. Higher concentrations of MB (1%) should be administered through a central venous catheter to minimize the risk of cutaneous toxicity.
BACKGROUND: The wounds failing to heal through a timely and orderly standard of care (SOC) treatment are considered as chronic wounds, which add significant burden to healthcare systems around the world. SOC treatment has been commonly applied for management of chronic wounds, but SOC alone may not be adequate to heal all ulcers effectively. Fish skin graft (FSG) is a xenogenic skin substitute which could be used for accelerating skin healing. The current study was performed with the view of evaluating the effectiveness of FSG as an adjuvant treatment of SOC for chronic ulcer treatment.
METHODS: Two authors independently searched the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL, using keywords including "diabetic foot ulcer," "fish skin graft," and "wound healing." Clinical studies that evaluated the clinical outcomes of FSG in treatment of chronic ulcers were included in this meta-analysis. Random- or fixed-effect modeled meta-analyses were performed according to the heterogeneity test result (i.e., I2), to analyze the clinical outcome of FSG.
RESULTS: A total of 8 studies were included in qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis, with 145 patients treated by SOC and 245 patients treated by SOC plus FSG. There was no significant difference between two groups for time to healing (MD = 1.99, 95% CI: -3.70~7.67, p = 0.493). The complete healing rate was significantly higher in FSG group compared with SOC alone (OR = 3.44, 95% CI: 2.03~5.82, p < 0.001***). Mean percentage area reduction (PAR) was reported in six studies, with a range of 71.6~97.3%. However, many of these studies did not report the value of standard deviation (SD), so we could not pool the data. No significantly different ulcer recurrence rate (RR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.07~5.27, p = 0.645) and severe adverse events (SAEs) risk (RR = 1.67, 95% CI: 0.42~6.61, p = 0.467) were found between two groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The application of FSG treatment for patients with chronic ulcers that do not respond well to SOC management could significantly increase the complete healing rate compared with SOC alone, without increased recurrence rate and SAEs risk.
BACKGROUND: Currently, no perfect treatment for neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis exist, and each treatment method has its complications and side effects. This study aimed to investigate the anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of cannabidiol and its mechanism of action.
METHOD: An in vivo corneal neovascularization (CNV) model was established using the suture method to investigate the inhibitory effects of CBD on suture-induced corneal inflammation, pathological blood vessel formation, and lymphangiogenesis. Additionally, the impact of CBD on immune cells was studied. In vitro methodologies, including cell sorting and co-culture, were employed to elucidate its mechanism of action.
RESULTS: Compared with the CNV group, CBD can inhibit CNV, lymphangiogenesis, and inflammation induced via the suture method. In addition, CBD specifically induced CD45+CD11b+Gr-1+ cell upregulation, which significantly inhibited the proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes in vitro and exhibited a CD31+ phenotype, proving that they were myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We administered anti-Gr-1 to mice to eliminate MDSCs in vivo and found that anti-Gr-1 partially reversed the anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects of CBD. Furthermore, we found that compared with MDSCs in the normal group, CBD-induced MDSCs overexpress peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). Administering PPAR-γ inhibitor in mice almost reversed the induction of MDSCs by CBD, demonstrating the role of PPAR-γ in the function of CBD.
CONCLUSION: This study indicates that CBD may induce MDSCs upregulation by activating the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ, exerting anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and lymphangiogenic effects, and revealing potential therapeutic targets for corneal neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis.
The compound 2-diethylaminoethylchloridehydrochloride (DEAECHC) is used in the pharmaceutical industry, in particular for the preparation of isothioronic salt, 2-diethylaminoethanethiol and diethylamineethanethiolhydrochloride. The method for its preparation includes reaction between 2-diethylaminoethanol and thionylchloride in an organic solvent with high yield and purity. 2-diethylaminoethanol is fed to a thionylchloride solution in chloroform at temperature range from 30 to 40§C for 1-2 h., it is additionally agitated for 1-2 h. at the same temperature and after that the temperature is raised to 65-70§C for the separation of the dioxide produced. There follows separation of the chloroform and unreacted thionylchloride and their return to the subsequent synthesis as return chloroform. The reaction mass is subjected to recrystallization of the DEAECHC, and ethyl or methyl alcohol or another organic solvent is added to it which dissolves the impurities, purifying the product. The produced DEAECHC crystals are subjected to filtration and drying, and the filtrate is distilled for the separation of the ethyl alcohol and it recrystallizes with ethyl alcohol and diethyl ether or is returned again to the subsequent cycle of the DEAECHC recrystallization stage. The purity of the products is 97-98% and its yield is 94-96. 1 claim
PURPOSE:To provide the titled composition absorbable through the intestines by oral administration and keeping high blood concentration for a long period, by compounding heparin with a higher fatty acid and if necessary a polyalkylene glycol. CONSTITUTION:Heparin used as an anticoagulant to prevent thrombosis and as a remedy for hypercholesterolemia and arteriosclerosis, is compounded with (A) preferably 10-20C higher fatty acid, especially a 18-20C unsaturated higher fatty acid having 1-4 double bonds (e.g. oleic acid), and if necessary (B) a polyalkylene glycol, especially polyethylene glycol having a polymerization degree of 160-200. The effect of the higher fatty acid can be increased by the addition of the polyalkylene glycol. The amount of the higher fatty acid is preferably 0.5-5pts.(wt.), especially 2-4pts, and that of the polyalkylene glycol is 0.5-50pts., especially 20-40pts. per 100pts. of heparin.
PURPOSE: To investigate parental perceptions of comprehensive dental care under general anesthesia for their children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included parents of children who underwent comprehensive dental care under general anesthesia. Only parents who could communicate in English were included. They were invited to participate in a telephone interview within four weeks of their children's dental treatment under general anesthesia. The interviews were designed to gather information on three main domains: problems experienced before the operation, children's well-being after the operation, and satisfaction.
RESULTS: A total of 45 parents participated in the study; 91.1% identified as women and 8.8% as men. Most parents resided in areas categorised as either more deprived (51%) or most deprived (24.4%), based on deprivation indices. Prior to surgery, 66.7% of children suffered from dental pain, 44.4% were affected by dental abscesses or facial swelling, 42.2% experienced difficulties with eating and drinking, while 37.8% experienced sleeping difficulties. Painkillers were used for a short duration to manage post-operative pain (48.9%). Four weeks after the operation, many parents reported improvements in their children's mouth comfort. They observed positive changes in their children's ability to eat (40%), sleep habits (33.3%), and overall health and well-being (82.2%). Overall, most parents expressed high levels of satisfaction with the care their children received (95.5%).
CONCLUSION: Parents observed improvements in their children's oral health and reported high level of satisfaction with the procedures.
In a urodynamic study involving patients with involuntary detrusor contractions, the effects after the administration of fesoterodine on the volume at first detrusor contraction and bladder capacity were assessed. Administration of fesoterodine increased the volume at first detrusor contraction and bladder capacity in a dose-dependent manner. These findings are consistent with an antimuscarinic effect on the bladder. 

Cardiac Electrophysiology

The effect of fesoterodine 4 mg and 28 mg on the QT interval was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo- and positive-controlled (moxifloxacin 400 mg once a day) parallel trial with once-daily treatment over a period of 3 days in 261 male and female subjects aged 44 to 65 years. 

Electrocardiographic parameters were measured over a 24-hour period at pre-dose, after the first administration, and after the third administration of study medication. Fesoterodine 28 mg was chosen because this dose, when administered to CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers, results in an exposure to the active metabolite that is similar to the exposure in a CYP2D6 poor metabolizer receiving fesoterodine 8 mg together with CYP3A4 blockade. Corrected QT intervals (QTc) were calculated using Fridericia's correction and a linear individual correction method. Analyses of 24-hour average QTc, time-matched baseline-corrected QTc, and time-matched placebo-subtracted QTc intervals indicate that fesoterodine at doses of 4 and 28 mg/day did not prolong the QT interval. The sensitivity of the study was confirmed by positive QTc prolongation by moxifloxacin. 

In this study, conducted in subjects aged 44 to 65 years, fesoterodine fumarate was associated with an increase in heart rate that correlates with increasing dose. When compared to placebo, the mean increase in heart rate associated with fesoterodine 4 mg/day and fesoterodine 28 mg/day was 3 beats/minute and 11 beats/minute, respectively. 

In the two, phase 3, placebo-controlled studies in adult in patients with overactive bladder, the mean increases in heart rate compared to placebo were 3 to 4 beats/minute in the fesoterodine 4 mg/day group and 3 to 5 beats/minute in the fesoterodine 8 mg/day group.
A non-toxic ionic liquid, its production and use are disclosed. In the molecular formula, cation is quaternary cationics. R1, R2, R3 and R4 can be H, different or indifferent alkyl of C1-C8 or contain hydroxyl or carboxylic derivatives. It can make various medicine insoluble into solution or micro-emulsion with different concentration. It can be used fro solvent, fusing agent or surface active agent. It has better melting degree and biological utilization.
ABCD-GENE ≥10: prasugrel 10 mg qd or ticagrelor 90 mg od monotherapy. ABCD-GENE \<10: Aspirin 81 mg qd and clopidogrel 75 mg qd.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for detecting a hepatitis non-A and non-B virus. SOLUTION: An immunoassay kit is prepared in the method which comprises the following processes. In a process, polypeptide including a continuous sequence of at least eight amino acids is synthesized. The continuous sequence of at least eight amino acids has at least one part which can be bonded by an antibody to a hepatitis C virus (HCV) both in a sequence of the continuous sequence of at least eight amino acids and in polypeptide. The continuous sequence of at least eight amino acids is obtained from a disclosed amino acid sequence of the HCV. In a process, an antibody to the part of polypeptide is prepared. In a process, a reagent for detecting the presence of the prepared antibody and an antigen-antibody complex including the prepared antibody is packed in a suitable container.
Both the evaluation of the fetus and the ultrasound for visual purposes took 15-20 minutes in total. These pregnant women were asked to bring their mobile phones with them during delivery. When the birth of the pregnant woman started, she was hospitalized by the third researcher. The follow-up and deliveries during the labor were carried out by the 3rd and 4th researchers. With an application installed on the pregnant woman's phone, these two-dimensional images were transformed into three-dimensional images and the pregnant women were watched consecutively with the VR Box 3D virtual reality glasses. In cases where the program was not compatible with the phone of the pregnant woman, the researcher was watched by the midwife. The total image viewing time was recorded.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new factor involving regulation of chromatin function.  <P>SOLUTION: The present invention provides an enzyme (NHK-1) phosphorylating histone in nucleosome and found from Drosophila and a gene encoding the enzyme (NHK-1). The NHK-1 is a new factor phosphorylating 119th threonine of C terminal of histone H2A dependently on a chromatin structure. The phosphorylated site is preserved in species. It has been clarified that the site plays an important role in proliferation of cell proliferation and the site is highly phosphorylated in human cancer tissues.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
NEW MATERIAL:A compound expressed by formula I (double lines of dotted line and solid line are single bond or double bond; in a case of single bond, R<1> is H or lower alkyl, etc.; R<2> to R<4> are H or OH, etc.; n is 1-3). EXAMPLE:Cis-10-Benzyl-1,3,4,5,10,10a-hexahydro-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphen yl)-7,8- methylene dioxyoxazolo[4,3-b]quinazolin-3-one. USE:Used as anti-tumor agent having strong anti-tumor activity and low toxicity. PREPARATION:At first, N-protected aniline compound expressed by formula II is reacted with aromatic aldehyde expressed by formula III to obtain a compound expressed by formula IV and resultant compound is reacted with carbamic acid alkyl ester. Then, said reaction product is reacted with glyoxylic acid, thus reduced to obtain a compound expressed by formula V. Finally, resultant compound is treated with base to obtain a compound expressed by formula VI and said compound is de-protected by hydrogenating decomposition reaction to afford the aimed compound of cis-form in which R<1> is H.
Before full mouth rehabilitation with stainless steel crowns for primary molars , the vertical dimension of occlusion from gingival zenith of upper and lower primary canines shall be determined at the right and left sides. The distance shall be determined using a digital caliper.(Shenzhen Jiabaili Electronic Commerce Co., Ltd), and the reading will be photographed by a digital camera (iPhone 11 dual 12 MP Ultra-Wide and wide camera,Apple Inc.).
Elderly patients, compared to younger patients, are at greater risk for NSAID-associated serious cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and/or renal adverse reactions. If the anticipated benefit for the elderly patient outweighs these potential risks, start dosing at the low end of the dosing range, and monitor patients for adverse effects [ see Warnings and Precautions( 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.6, 5.13) ] . 

Of the total number of subjects treated with diclofenac sodium topical gel in clinical studies, 498 were 65 years of age and over. No overall differences in effectiveness or safety were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, but greater sensitivity to the effect of NSAIDs in some older individuals cannot be ruled out. 

Diclofenac, as with any NSAID, is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to diclofenac sodium topical gel may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken when using diclofenac sodium topical gel in the elderly, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.
BACKGROUND: Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) patients often present with malnutrition; however, the ideal nutritional evaluation tool is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the role of preoperative albumin, Prognostic Nutritional Index [PNI], neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio [PLR] as independent predictors of severe postoperative complications and 90-day mortality in OC patients who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery to identify the ideal tool.
METHODS: OC patients who underwent surgery at Mayo Clinic (2003-2018) were included; biomarkers were retrospectively retrieved and established cut-offs were utilized. Outcomes included severe complications (Accordion grade ≥ 3) and 90-day mortality. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were performed. Biomarkers were evaluated in separate models adjusted for age and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score for 90-day mortality, and adjusted for age, ASA score, stage, and surgical complexity for severe complications.
RESULTS: Albumin <3.5 g/dL, PNI < 45, NLR > 6 and PLR ≥ 200 were univariately associated with 90-day mortality (all p < 0.05) in 627 patients that met inclusion criteria. Each marker remained significant in adjusted models with albumin having the highest OR: 6.04 [95% CI:2.80-13.03] and AUC (0.83). Univariately, PNI <45, NLR >6, and PLR ≥200 were significant predictors of severe complications(all p < 0.05), however failed to reach significance in adjusted models. Albumin was not associated with severe complications.
CONCLUSION: All biomarkers were associated with 90-day mortality in adjusted models, with albumin being the easiest predictor to attain clinically; none with severe complications. Future research should focus less on methods of nutritional assessment and more on strategies to improve nutrition during OC tumor-directed therapy.
Neuroinflammation, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders are associated with excessive accumulation of neutral lipids in lipid droplets (LDs) in microglia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may cause neuroinflammation and is a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we show that hippocampal pyramidal neurons contain smaller, more abundant LDs than their neighboring microglia. The density of LDs varied between pyramidal cells in adjacent subregions, with CA3 neurons containing more LDs than CA1 neurons. Within the CA3 region, a gradual increase in the LD content along the pyramidal layer from the hilus toward CA2 was observed. Interestingly, the high neuronal LD content correlated with less ramified microglial morphotypes. Using the db/db model of T2DM, we demonstrated that diabetes increased the number of LDs per microglial cell without affecting the neuronal LD density. High-intensity interval exercise induced smaller changes in the number of LDs in microglia but was not sufficient to counteract the diabetes-induced changes in LD accumulation. The changes observed in response to T2DM may contribute to the cerebral effects of T2DM and provide a mechanistic link between T2DM and neurodegenerative disorders.
1. Technical Result Increase in fish oil quality and reduction of cost. 2. Essence After treatment the lever of Black Sea dog fish (Squalus scanthias) is extracted with physiological solution the ratio 1:1,5-2,5 and at the temperature 10-20°C, the extract is purified by centrifugation 3000-5000 r/min. 3. Field of Application Pharmaceutical industry.
Participants will receive a single placebo dose on Day 1 and two doses of the GBS NN/NN2 vaccine on Days 29 and 57, respectively. The second dose on Day 57 will be administered in combination with the Tdap vaccine, with the GBS-NN/NN2 injection in one upper limb and the Tdap injection in the other upper limb.
The intervention will consist of a 3-day pre-quit period and then a 4-week post-quit period. Participants will receive 2 text questions each week asking the number of smoking days in the past week and the average number of cigarette smoked per day.
PURPOSE:To prepare a spherical particulate of an oily substance using an org. solution as a cooling medium in cooling and solidifying particles composed of the oily substance melted under heating. CONSTITUTION:An oily substance melted under heating such as waxes, oils and fats, resins or oils and fats having a finely divided catalyst dispersed therein is sprayed in an org. solution and solidified under cooling to obtain a particulate. As the molten oily substance, hydrogenated oils and fats such as palm oil, soybean oil or cotton seed oil, waxes such as beeswax or carnauba wax or resins such as polystyrene are used and, as the org. solution used as a cooling medium, acetone, methanol, ethanol, butanol and an aqueous solution thereof are used. Since these org. solutions are sufficiently high in the surface tension with the particles of the oily substance, a spherical particulate is obtained.
In the control group, patients will be subject to the same protocol, with the difference in that the injections will be saline, although they look the same on the outside. You doctors carrying out therapy and evaluating progress during face-to-face visits will not have access to the distribution of groups. This group of 10 participans.
PURPOSE:To obtain an oral cavity lubricant having improved wettability and lubricity and capable of sufficiently mitigating the disagreeable feeling and pain, etc., in the fitting of denture, by using a water-soluble or water-swelling organic polymeric compound of non-animal origin in combination with a surfactant, thereby adjusting the surface tension and viscosity of the lubricant to respective specific levels. CONSTITUTION:A water-soluble or water-swelling organic polymeric compound of non-animal origin, e.g. carboxymethylcellulose is used as a lubricating component of an oral cavity lubricant to impart lubricity to oral cavity by spraying or application and to mitigate the disagreeable feeling and pain, etc., of oral cavity in attaching a denture or prosthesis to oral cavity. In combination with the above lubricant, a surfactant approved as a food additive, e.g. sucrose fatty acid ester, etc., is compounded to the agent to adjust the surface tension to 10-60dyne/cm<2> and the viscosity to 2-100cps. The compatibility (wettability, lubricity, etc.) to oral cavity and denture, etc., can be improved and the disagreeable feeling and pain of oral cavity can be sufficiently suppressed or eliminated in the objective oral cavity lubricant.