anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
A preoperative prophylactic dose of antibiotic was given intravenously in the form of 2gm of cephalosporin one hour before operation. Under general or regional anesthesia, the patient laid in prone position without a tourniquet and both feet out of the table for easily mobilization of the ankle joint. In group A, an intraoperative ultrasound was done by a radiologist before the repair for identification the course of sural nerve and outline the medial and lateral edges of torn tendon. Then ultrasound was repeated after repair for confirmation of adequate contact of both stumps and satisfactory strength of the repair by visualization of the tendon with passive motion of the ankle. For patients in group B, the course of the sural nerve was determined according to the technique described by Blackmon et al. This technique depends on the leg length for location the point where the nerve crosses the lateral edge of the tendon. The medial and lateral borders of both stumps were outlined by palpation with identification of the gap in-between. The technique of repair was standardized for all patients in both groups. We used the technique described by Maffulli et al
The IFCBT model is 6 sessions in length and coordinates the delivery of 4 cognitive-behavioral group couples' sessions with 2 individual couples' sessions to prevent HIV and STI co-infections among adult drug users. IFCBT targets HIV risk and protective factors that operate across multiple ecological systems. The four group couples' sessions coordinate Rational Emotive Therapy and Problem Solving Therapy strategies to reduce HIV risk behavior and promote protective behaviors. The two individual couples' sessions utilize structural and strategic approaches to promote adaptive communication and shared responsibility for condom use and gender equality and to directly address and reduce any form of abuse between partners when present. The six IFCBT sessions are delivered during a 2-week period with two group couples' sessions and one individual couples' session each week.
Since 2006, recruitment of amusia participants has been organized in the Lyon region, and some 20 participants (and their matched controls in terms of age, sex, laterality, musical practice, number of years of study) have already taken part various studies conducted at the CRNL. The recruitment of amusia participants and controls is continued in order to maintain a sufficient number of participants and compensate for the withdrawals within the cohort already constituted (lack of availability, geographical distance, etc.).
The invention relates to the use of microfluidic chemotaxis device to identify novel active compounds of the metabolome and methods to characterize their actions on cell motility. The invention also includes the active compounds of the metabolome identified by the methods and devices disclosed herein. The results from these in vitro experiments were then correlated with in vivo physiologic responses to identify the downstream effects and therapeutic value. Thus, the invention provides novel methods for treating or preventing second organ injury resulting from ischemia-reperfusion in a patient in need thereof The invention also provides methods of treating, preventing or ameliorating connective tissue degeneration in a patient in need thereof. The invention also provides methods of treating or preventing bone loss. In addition, the invention provides method for inducing bone regeneration in patients in need thereof or preventing bone loss in patients suspected to be in need thereof.
Absorption

Absorption of orally administered T4 from the gastrointestinal tract ranges from 40% to 80%. The majority of the levothyroxine sodium dose is absorbed from the jejunum and upper ileum. The relative bioavailability of levothyroxine sodium tablets, compared to an equal nominal dose of oral levothyroxine sodium solution, is approximately 93%. T4 absorption is increased by fasting, and decreased in malabsorption syndromes and by certain foods such as soybeans. Dietary fiber decreases bioavailability of T4. Absorption may also decrease with age. In addition, many drugs and foods affect T4 absorption [see Drug Interactions (7)] . 

Distribution

Circulating thyroid hormones are greater than 99% bound to plasma proteins, including thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA), and albumin (TBA), whose capacities and affinities vary for each hormone. The higher affinity of both TBG and TBPA for T4 partially explains the higher serum levels, slower metabolic clearance, and longer half-life of T4 compared to T3. Protein-bound thyroid hormones exist in reverse equilibrium with small amounts of free hormone. Only unbound hormone is metabolically active. Many drugs and physiologic conditions affect the binding of thyroid hormones to serum proteins [see Drug Interactions (7)] . Thyroid hormones do not readily cross the placental barrier [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)] . 

Elimination

Metabolism

T4 is slowly eliminated (see Table 7). The major pathway of thyroid hormone metabolism is through sequential deiodination. Approximately 80% of circulating T3 is derived from peripheral T4 by monodeiodination. The liver is the major site of degradation for both T4 and T3, with T4 deiodination also occurring at a number of additional sites, including the kidney and other tissues. Approximately 80% of the daily dose of T4 is deiodinated to yield equal amounts of T3 and reverse T3 (rT3). T3 and rT3 are further deiodinated to diiodothyronine. Thyroid hormones are also metabolized via conjugation with glucuronides and sulfates and excreted directly into the bile and gut where they undergo enterohepatic recirculation.

Excretion

Thyroid hormones are primarily eliminated by the kidneys. A portion of the conjugated hormone reaches the colon unchanged and is eliminated in the feces. Approximately 20% of T4 is eliminated in the stool. Urinary excretion of T4 decreases with age.
The incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) has been progressively increasing worldwide, with a global prevalence of gestational hyperglycaemia estimated at 16.9%. In Canada, Atlantic provinces have been recorded with the highest prevalence of diabetes at 6%. The Diabetes Canada Practice Guidelines recommends the low glycemic index (GI) diet to type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and has recently updated its guidelines to include a recommendation for GDM. This said, barriers to GI knowledge translation have been identified. This study uses a prospective parallel randomized control trial design. Procedures and materials have been adapted from NCT01589757. The Kirkpatrick Model (Reaction, Learning, Behaviour, and Results) informed intervention development and evaluation strategies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a distance low GI education intervention, adapted from Diabetes Canada's GI education materials, will significantly yield a lower average GI (primary outcome) in participants than traditional standard care medical nutrition therapy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. We hypothesize that participants who receive the low GI intervention will have a lower dietary GI than those who received usual IWK standard care for GDM.
The safety and effectiveness of sorafenib was evaluated in a multicenter, randomized (1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (DECISION; NCT00984282) conducted in 417 patients with locally recurrent or metastatic, progressive differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) refractory to radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment. Randomization was stratified by age (< 60 years versus ≥ 60 years) and geographical region (North America, Europe, and Asia). All 417 subjects were included in the ITT population for the efficacy analyses

All patients were required to have actively progressing disease defined as progression within 14 months of enrollment. RAI-refractory disease was defined based on four criteria that were not mutually exclusive. All RAI treatments and diagnostic scans were to be performed under conditions of a low iodine diet and adequate TSH stimulation. Following are the RAI-refractory criteria and the proportion of patients in the study that met each one: a target lesion with no iodine uptake on RAI scan (68%); tumors with iodine uptake and progression after RAI treatment within 16 months of enrollment (12%); tumors with iodine uptake and multiple RAI treatments with the last treatment greater than 16 months prior to enrollment, and disease progression after each of two RAI treatments administered within 16 months of each other (7%); cumulative RAI dose ≥ 600 mCi administered (34%). The major efficacy outcome measure was progression-free survival (PFS) as determined by a blinded, independent radiological review using a modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v. 1.0 (RECIST). RECIST was modified by inclusion of clinical progression of bone lesions based on the need for external beam radiation (4.4% of progression events). Additional efficacy outcomes measures included overall survival (OS), tumor response rate, and duration of response.  


Patients were randomized to receive sorafenib 400 mg twice daily (n=207) or placebo (n=210). Of the 417 patients randomized, 48% were male, the median age was 63 years, 61% were 60 years or older, 60% were white, 62% had an ECOG performance status of 0, and 99% had undergone thyroidectomy. The histological diagnoses were papillary carcinoma in 57%, follicular carcinoma (including Hürthle cell) in 25%, and poorly differentiated carcinoma in 10%, and other in 8% of the study population. Metastases were present in 96% of the patients: lungs in 86%, lymph nodes in 51%, and bone in 27%. The median cumulative RAI activity administered prior to study entry was 400 mCi.  


A statistically significant prolongation of PFS was demonstrated for sorafenib-treated patients compared to those receiving placebo (Figure 3); no statistically significant difference was seen in the final overall survival (OS) analysis (Table 12). Crossover to open label sorafenib occurred in 161 (77%) patients randomized to placebo after investigator-determined disease progression

Figure 3: Kaplan-Meier Curve of Progression-Free Survival in DECISION (DTC)
The study participants randomized to the Group 2 will serve as a control. At the beginning of the study, they will receive a CERSG brochure printed from the AHRQ site. They will be asked to study it to the best of their ability throughout the day.
PURPOSE:To obtain an external dermatic drug having improved transcutaneous absorbability of a cationic water-soluble drug, by adding a specific ionic absorbefacient and nonionic absorbefacient to a base. CONSTITUTION:The objective external dermatic drug having improved transcutaneous absorbability of the principal drug can be produced by adding (A) a cathionic water-soluble drug (e.g. flurazepam hydrochloride) as a principal drug, (B) an ionic absorbefacient selected from an anionic surfactant (e.g. alkylsulfuric acid) and an ampholytic surfactant (e.g. alkyl betaine) and (C) a nonionic absorbefacient selected from polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, urea, pantothenic acid derivative and sucrose fatty acid ester to the drug base. The principal drug is the one having a pKa of >=6.5 and a solubility of >=1g per 10ml of water at 25 deg.C. The ratios of the ionic absorbefacient and the nonionic absorbefacient to the main drug are 0.1-200 each, and the ratio of the ionic absorbefacient to the nonionic absorbefacient is preferably 2:8-8:2.
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a single-dose topical rifamycin application on postoperative complications after impacted lower third molar surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, controlled clinical study consisted of individuals with bilaterally impacted lower third molars that would be extracted for orthodontic reasons. The extraction sockets were irrigated with 3 ml/250 mg of rifamycin solution in Group 1, while in Group 2 (control group) the extraction sockets were irrigated with 20 ml of physiological saline. Pain intensity was measured daily for 7 days by using visual analog scale. Trismus and edema were evaluated preoperatively and on the postoperative days 2 and 7 by calculating the proportional changes in maximum mouth opening and mean distance between reference points of the face, respectively. Paired samples t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and Chi-square test were used to analyze the study variables.
RESULTS: 35 patients (19 female, 16 male) were included in the study. The mean age of all participants was 22.19±4.98. Alveolitis was observed in 8 patients, (6 in the control group, 2 in the rifamycin group). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of trismus and swelling measurements on the 2nd and 7th postoperative days (p>0.05). VAS scores were significantly low in rifamycin group on postoperative days 1 and 4 (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the present study, topical rifamycin application reduced the incidence of alveolitis, prevented infection, and provided analgesic effect after surgical removal of impacted third molars.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cholestatic Liver Fibrosis (CLF) is a hepatobiliary disease that typically arises as a late-stage complication of cholestasis, which can have multiple underlying causes. There are no satisfactory chemical or biological drugs for CLF. Total Astragalus saponins (TAS) are considered to be the main active constituents of the traditional Chinese herb Astragali Radix (AR), which has the obvious improvement effects for treating CLF. However, the mechanism of anti-CLF effects of TAS is still unclear.
AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study was undertaken to investigate the therapeutic effects of TAS against bile duct ligation (BDL) and 3, 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydroxychollidine (DDC) -induced CLF models and to reveal the potential mechanism to support its clinic use with scientific evidence.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, BDL-induced CLF rats were treated with TAS (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg) and DDC-induced CLF mice were treated with 56 mg/kg TAS. The therapeutic effects of TAS on extrahepatic and intrahepatic CLF models were evaluated by serum biochemical analysis, liver histopathology and hydroxyproline (Hyp). Thirty-nine individual bile acids (BAs) in serum and liver were quantified by using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS. qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to measure the expression of liver fibrosis and ductular reaction markers, inflammatory factors and BAs related metabolic transporters, along with nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR).
RESULTS: The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBiL), direct bilirubin (DBiL) and contents of liver Hyp were dose-dependently improved after treatment for TAS in BDL and DDC- induced CLF models. And the increased levels of ALT and AST were significantly improved by total extract from Astragali radix (ASE) in BDL model. The liver fibrosis and ductular reaction markers, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19), were significantly ameliorated in TAS group. And the liver expression of inflammatory factors: interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were significantly decreased after TAS treatment. In addition, TAS significantly ameliorated taurine-conjugated BAs (tau-BAs) levels, particularly α-TMCA, β-TMCA and TCA contents in serum and liver, which correlated with induced expressions of hepatic FXR and BAs secretion transporters. Furthermore, TAS significantly improved short heterodimer partner (SHP), cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1), Na+ taurocholate cotransport peptide (NTCP) and bile-salt export pump (BSEP) mRNA and protein expression.
CONCLUSIONS: TAS exerted a hepatoprotective effect against CLF by ameliorating liver injury, inflammation and restoring the altered tau-BAs metabolism to produce a positive regulatory effect on FXR-related receptors and transporters.
It is essential to provide adequate calories concurrently if parenterally administered amino acids are to be retained by the body and utilized for protein synthesis.

The administration of Plenamine™ 15% Amino Acids Injection as part of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with large volumes of hyperosmotic fluids requires periodic monitoring of the patient for signs of hyperosmolarity, hyperglycemia, glycosuria and hypertriglyceridemia.

During parenteral nutrition with concentrated dextrose and amino acids solutions, essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome may develop but may not be clinically apparent. Early demonstration of this condition can only be accomplished by gas liquid chromatographic analysis of plasma lipids. The syndrome may be prevented or corrected by appropriate treatment with intravenous fat emulsions.

For complete nutritional support, TPN regimens must also include multiple vitamins and trace elements. Potentially incompatible ions such as calcium and phosphate may be added to alternate infusate bottles to avoid precipitation. Although the metabolizable acetate ion in Plenamine™ 15% diminishes the risk of acidosis, the physician must be alert to the potential appearance of this disorder.

Initiation and termination of infusions of TPN fluids must be gradual to permit adjustment of endogenous insulin release.

Undiluted Plenamine™ 15% should not be administered peripherally. When administered centrally, it should be diluted with appropriate diluents, e.g., dextrose, electrolytes and other nutrient components, to at least half strength. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.)

Caution against volume overload should be exercised.

Drug product contains no more than 25 mcg/L of aluminum.
The placement of central venous catheters (CVCs) is a common procedure performed in critically ill patients, with millions placed annually. The routine use of chest radiographs for CVC confirmation is outdated. Chest radiographs are associated with delays in initiating time-critical interventions and present an unexamined opportunity for improving resource utilization and associated costs. Radiography has been used for over 50 years for this purpose in the absence of other options. Emerging evidence suggests that a post-procedure chest radiographs are unnecessary when ultrasound is used to confirm catheter position and exclude pneumothorax (PCEP). Yet few in the medical community are likely aware of these data and even among those who are aware, chest radiographs continues to be the routine modality used for CVC PCEP.

The average 17 years it takes to translate clinical research into practice is too long and presents an opportunity to expedite implementation of innovations in critical care medicine. For the proposed project, "De-Implementation Of Routine Chest Radiographs After Adoption of Ultrasound Guided Insertion and Confirmation of Central Venous Catheter Protocol (DRAUP)", the hypothesis is that identifying determinants of behavior for intervention development (Aim 1) will increase the likelihood of developing successful strategies that will yield faster clinical adoption. Understanding the behavioral adaptations that have to occur is key to developing strategies that increase the uptake of evidence into healthcare practice and improving health outcomes. These strategies (targeting adoption and substitution) will then be implemented in a local Emergency Department (Aim 2) to determine if these selected implementation strategies will increase provider adoption, fidelity, and organizational penetrance (Aim 3) of ultrasound-guided CVC PCEP. A good clinical outcome would be a decrease in provider dependence on chest radiographs after ultrasound-guided CVC PCEP.
Treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected participants with NNRTI transmitted resistance-associated mutations were treated with open-label MK-1439A (DOR/3TC/TDF 100mg/300mg/300mg) as a FDC tablet taken once daily by mouth for 96 weeks in the Base Study. In addition, eligible participants continued to receive the same MK-1439A regimen from Week 96 to Week 192 during the Extension Study.
Participants will be started on a flexible dosing regimen of BC-001, initiating therapy at 200 mg daily and up-titrated based on tolerability over 2 weeks to a maximum of 800 mg daily. Dose increases are recommended to take place in the evening, beginning the evening dose of Day 2. During the Titration Period, study participants may increase the study agent dose every 2 days by 1 mL total (.5 mL per dose) as tolerated. The increment of increase for BRC-001 is 100 mg per 1.0 mL. Patients receive BRC-001 PO BID for up to 3 months. Patients also undergo blood sample collection on study.
Nucleic acid compositions encoding chromo/fluoroproteins and mutants thereof, as well as the encoded proteins, are provided. The subject proteins of interest are proteins that are colored and/or fluorescent, where this feature arises from the interaction of two or more residues of the protein. Also of interest are proteins that are substantially similar to, or mutants of, the above specific proteins. Also provided are fragments of the nucleic acids and the peptides encoded thereby, as well as antibodies to the subject proteins and transgenic cells and organisms. The subject protein and nucleic acid compositions find use in a variety of different applications. Finally, kits for use in such applications, e.g., that include the subject nucleic acid compositions, are provided.
The recommended dose of KRINTAFEL in patients aged 16 years and older is a single dose of 300 mg administered as two 150-mg tablets taken together. Coadminister KRINTAFEL on the first or second day of chloroquine therapy for acute P. vivax malaria [see Clinical Studies (14)].

Administer KRINTAFEL with food to increase systemic absorption [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Swallow tablets whole. Do not break, crush, or chew the tablets.

In the event of vomiting within 1 hour after dosing, a repeat dose should be given. Re-dosing should not be attempted more than once.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an acid hairdye having good dyeability even when the amount of an acid dye is decreased to provide the hairdye easily removed even when the dye attaches to a hand or clothes.  <P>SOLUTION: The acid hairdye is obtained by formulating a base material for hair fixing, an acid for regulating pH and the acid dye in purified water. The content of the acid dye is ≤0.02 wt.%, and a diester of malic acid of 2 wt.% is added thereto. The acid hairdye is obtained by emulsifying the mixture by stirring the mixture at 3,500-5,000 rpm number of revolution for 15-25 min. A humectant can be added thereto.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO