anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: Dural tear (DT) is a well-known complication of spinal surgery. We aimed to systematically review the literature from the past decade and determine the incidence and risk factors for DT in the adult spinal deformity (ASD) population to improve both the surgical strategy and counseling of patients undergoing ASD correction.
METHODS: A systematic review from 2013 to 2023 utilizing PRISMA guidelines was performed. The MEDLINE database was used to collect primary English language articles. The inclusion criterion for patients was degenerative ASD. Pediatric studies, animal studies, review articles, case reports, studies investigating minimally invasive surgery (MIS), studies lacking data on DT incidence, and articles pertaining to infectious, metastatic or neoplastic, traumatic, or posttraumatic etiologies of ASD were excluded.
RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that the incidence of DT in ASD surgery ranges from 2.0% to 35.7%, which is a much broader range than the reported incidence for non deformity surgery. Moreover, the average rate of DT during ASD surgery stratified by surgical technique was greater for osteotomy overall (19.5% +/- 7.9%), especially for 3-column osteotomy (3CO), and lower for interbody fusion (14.3% +/- 9.9%). Risk factors for DT in the ASD surgery cohort included older age, revision surgery, chronic severe compression, higher-grade osteotomy, complexity of surgery, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and higher Anesthesiology Society of America (ASA) grade.
CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review discussing the incidence of and risk factors for DT in the ASD population. We found that the risk factors for DT in ASD patients were older age, revision surgery, chronic severe compression, a greater degree of osteotomy, complexity of surgery, RA, and a higher ASA grade. These findings will help guide spine surgeons in patient counseling as well as surgical planning.
OBJECTIVES: Hypoperfusion and tissue hypoxia have been implicated as contributory mechanisms in the neuropathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Our objective has been to study cortical oxygenation in vivo in patients with MS and age-matched controls.
METHODS: A custom, multiwavelength time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy system was developed for assessing tissue hypoxia from the prefrontal cortex. A cross-sectional case-control study was undertaken assessing patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and age-matched controls. Co-registered magnetic resonance imaging was used to verify the location from which near-infrared spectroscopy data were obtained through Monte Carlo simulations of photon propagation. Additional clinical assessments of MS disease severity were carried out by trained neurologists. Linear mixed effect models were used to compare cortical oxygenation between cases and controls, and against measures of MS severity.
RESULTS: Thirty-three patients with secondary progressive MS (median expanded disability status scale 6 [IQR: 5-6.5]; median age 53.0 [IQR: 49-58]) and 20 age-matched controls were recruited. Modeling of photon propagation confirmed spectroscopy data were obtained from the prefrontal cortex. Patients with SPMS had significantly lower cortical hemoglobin oxygenation compared with controls (-6.0% [95% CI: -10.0 to -1.9], P = 0.004). There were no significant associations between cortical oxygenation and MS severity.
INTERPRETATION: Using an advanced, multiwavelength time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy system, we demonstrate that patients with SPMS have lower cortical oxygenation compared with controls.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the rapid rate of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thinning in short-term is associated with the future risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR).
METHODS: This prospective cohort study utilized 4-year follow-up data from the Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study. The pRNFL thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). DR was graded by seven-field fundus photography after dilation of the pupil. Correlations between pRNFL thinning rate and DR were analyzed using logistic regression. The additive predictive value of the prediction model was assessed using the C-index, net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discriminant improvement index (IDI).
RESULTS: A total of 1012 patients with diabetes (1012 eyes) without DR at both baseline and 1-year follow-up were included in this study. Over the 4-year follow-up, 132 eyes (13%) developed DR. After adjusting for confounding factors, a faster rate of initial pRNFL thinning was significantly associated with the risk of DR (odds ratio per standard deviation [SD] decrease = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08 to 1.23, P < 0.001). Incorporating either the baseline pRNFL thickness or its thinning rate into conventional prediction models significantly improved the discriminatory power. Adding the rate of pRNFL thinning further enhanced the discriminative power compared with models with only baseline pRNFL thickness (C-index increased from 0.685 to 0.731, P = 0.040). The IDI and NRI were 0.114 and 0.463, respectively (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The rate of initial pRNFL thinning was associated with DR occurrence and improved discriminatory power of traditional predictive models. This provides new insights into the management and screening of DR.
A premix is disclosed. The premix includes a nitrate compound and salts thereof in the amount of greater than about 50% by weight of the premix. The premix also includes vitamins and trace minerals. The premix is formulated for use in at least one of a gestation or lactation phase of an animal and in an amount of less than about five percent by weight (5.0 wt %) inclusion per metric ton of the premix. A supplement for an animal feed for feeding during at least one of an animal's gestation phase and/or lactation phase is also disclosed. A method for feeding an animal is also disclosed.
The invention provides application of restructured thymosin alpha source in preparation of medicine for preventing and treating fatty liver, relates to a thymosin alpha source, and provides the thymosin alpha source, particularly the application of restructured thymosin source in preparation of medicine for preventing and treating fatty liver. The restructured thymosin alpha source has the functions of reducing weight, reducing the size of fat cells, reducing in-vivo fat index and liver index, and inhibiting generation of fatty liver. The restructured thymosin alpha source also has the functions of effectively inhibiting fat accumulation in vivo, reducing the level of blood fat, adjusting fat metabolism in vivo and treating and improving symptom of fatty liver. The restructured thymosin alpha source can be used for preparation of medicine for preventing and treating fatty liver. The fatty liver comprises alcoholic fatty liver and non-alcoholic fatty liver. The medicine can be taken orally, or by hypodermic injection, etc. The thymosin alpha source also comprises all thymosin alpha sources extracted from mammals, thymus alpha sources expressed by gene engineering, thymosin alpha 1 and thymus 5-peptide.
This randomized controlled experimental study aimed to examine the effect of birth ball exercise on labor pain, delivery duration, birth comfort, and birth satisfaction. The sample of the study consisted of 120 primiparous pregnant women presented to the delivery room between November 2021 and April 2022. Pregnant women were randomly assigned to the Intervention Group (IG, n=60) or the Control Group (KG, n=60). After the cervical dilatation reached at 4 cm, the pregnant women in the IG performed birth ball exercises, adhering to the birth ball guide created by the researcher. No intervention was made in the control group other than standard midwifery care practices.

A Personal Information Form,a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Childbirth Comfort Questionnaire (CCQ), a Labor and Postpartum Follow-up Form, and the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale (MCSRS) were used for data collection. Women in both groups underwent VAS when cervical dilatation was 4 cm and 9 cm, and the CCQ was applied when dilatation was 8 cm. The MCSRS was administered two hours after delivery.
Auditory interventions are commonly used during procedural analgesic administration in premature neonates. This study investigated the effects of three interventions -recorded mother's voice, white noise, and MiniMuffs, muffs used to attenuate environmental sounds- applied during a heel lance on pain and comfort in premature infants. This experimental study is a randomized controlled research. The data for the research were collected between September 2017 - April 2019. The sample comprised 64 premature infants with gestational ages of 31-36 weeks, who had been hospitalized at the Neonatal Intensive Cate Units (NICU). All infants in the study were in their first postnatal week. The study routine included a heel lance procedure to determine the level of bilirubin and hematocrit. The heel lance was performed with a lancet and the blood was transferred to the hematocrit pipette. All heel lances were conducted by the same nurse. Power analysis was conducted to determine the number of samples needed. Predicting that the NIPS score would decrease by 30-35% and decrease from 6 to 4-4.5 with 0.05 error and 80% power, the intervention groups yielded 64 infants divided into four groups of 16 as the target sample number. 80 infants included in the study, taking into account the loss of sample. Sixteen infants were excluded from the study. Sixty-four premature infants submitted for heel lance were evaluated.The randomization list was prepared by a third person using R version 3.1.3 package program and considering the gender factor. The list was concealed from the researcher and the family of the baby, and it was given to the researcher only during the procedure. The infants were randomly assigned to four groups. The infants were randomly assigned to four groups: i) white noise , ii) recorded mother's voice, iii) MiniMuffs, and iv) control. Five minutes before the procedure the white noise and mother's voice played and MiniMuffs placed on babies' ears. Heel lance procedures were recorded with a camera. Camera recording started before the procedure and continued until the baby stopped crying. The videos evaluated independently by two scientists (observers) who were specialists in neonatal services and pain. Observers evaluated infants' comfort, pain, and distress based on NIPS and COMFORTneo. In order to evaluate the agreement between the observers for the total scores of NIPS and COMFORTneo, pain estimation, and distress estimation, intraclass correlation coefficient were determined.
CONTRAINDICATIONS AND WARNINGS

Combination ribavirin capsules/INTRON A therapy is contraindicated in females who are pregnant and in the male partners of females who are pregnant. Extreme care must be taken to avoid pregnancy during therapy and for 6 months after completion of treatment in female patients, and in female partners of male patients who are taking combination ribavirin capsules/INTRON A therapy. Females of childbearing potential and males must use two reliable forms of effective contraception during treatment and during the 6-month posttreatment follow-up period. Significant teratogenic and/or embryocidal effects have been demonstrated for ribavirin in all animal species studied. See CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS.

Ribavirin capsules monotherapy is not effective for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C and should not be used for this indication. See WARNINGS.

Alpha interferons, including INTRON A, cause or aggravate fatal or life-threatening neuropsychiatric, autoimmune, ischemic, and infectious disorders. Patients should be monitored closely with periodic clinical and laboratory evaluations. Patients with persistently severe or worsening signs or symptoms of these conditions should be withdrawn from therapy. In many but not all cases these disorders resolve after stopping INTRON A therapy. See WARNINGSand ADVERSE REACTIONS.
A patient with a benign bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) located in the anterior knee was treated with resection in preparation for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The BPOP reoccurred and was treated with re-resection at the time of TKA. The BPOP reoccurred a second time and underwent malignant transformation to a fungating high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma with metastatic lesions. This case highlights the rare potential of a previously benign BPOP to undergo malignant transformation after recurrence. A wide margin resection may be considered primarily when surgery is indicated to prevent recurrence and its potential sequelae. [Orthopedics. 2024;47(6):e322-e326.].
The study will utilize a 3+3 dose escalation design in ALL followed by a six-patient expansion cohort. Subjects will receive one of three dose levels. The dose expansion arm will be updated with the appropriate dose in the future based on the escalation results.
PLB-to-match EMB-001 will be orally administered for 7 consecutive days, BID for 6 days, followed on the last day by one PLB oral dose in the morning. Three hours later Cocaine IV or Saline IV will be administered followed 2 hours by the other (saline or cocaine).
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) strongly modulate COPD pathogenesis. However, the significance of microbiota in ILC2s remains unelucidated. Herein, we investigated the immunomodulatory role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in regulating ILC2-associated airway inflammation and explores its associated mechanism in COPD. In particular, we assessed the SCFA-mediated regulation of survival, proliferation, and cytokine production in lung sorted ILC2s. To elucidate butyrate action in ILC2-driven inflammatory response in COPD models, we administered butyrate to BALB/c mice via drinking water. We revealed that SCFAs, especially butyrate, derived from dietary fiber fermentation by gut microbiota inhibited pulmonary ILC2 functions and suppressed both IL-13 and IL-5 synthesis by murine ILC2s. Using in vivo and in vitro experimentation, we validated that butyrate significantly ameliorated ILC2-induced inflammation. We further demonstrated that butyrate suppressed ILC2 proliferation and GATA3 expression. Additionally, butyrate potentially utilized histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition to enhance NFIL3 promoter acetylation, thereby augmenting its expression, which eventually inhibited cytokine production in ILC2s. Taken together, the aforementioned evidences demonstrated a previously unrecognized role of microbial-derived SCFAs on pulmonary ILC2s in COPD. Moreover, our evidences suggest that metabolomics and gut microbiota modulation may prevent lung inflammation of COPD.
PURPOSE: We investigated the relationship between the resected stomach measurements, the incidence of delayed gastric emptying (DGE), and food residue 1 year after surgery in patients who underwent laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The DGE group included 10 patients fasting due to nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, or remnant stomach distension on radiographs; the control group included 36 patients without these symptoms. We compared the size and length of lesser and greater curvatures of the resected stomach and endoscopic findings after 1 year.
RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between groups in terms of sex, body mass index, gross type, histology, tumor progression, number of dissected lymph nodes, operating time, or blood loss. The DGE group was older, had a longer postoperative stay, and showed a smaller size and shorter greater curvature of the resected stomach than the control group (p < 0.01 for all). No difference was observed in the length of the lesser curvature of the resected stomach. In addition, there were no disparities in residual food, degree and extent of gastritis, or bile reflux 1 year after gastrectomy.
CONCLUSIONS: Measurements of the resected stomach suggest that preventing DGE may be achievable by removing a larger area of the greater curvature and/or stomach during laparoscopic PPG. This implies potential surgical strategy improvements for better outcomes. Further multicenter trials are needed to validate and refine techniques.
Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride is a water soluble hydrochloride salt of the ester of clindamycin and palmitic acid. Clindamycin is a semisynthetic antibiotic produced by a 7(S)-chloro-substitution of the 7(R)-hydroxyl group of the parent compound lincomycin.

The structural formula is represented below:

The chemical name for clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride is Methyl 7-chloro-6, 7, 8-trideoxy-6-(1-methyl-trans-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-L-threo-α-D-galacto-octopyranoside 2-palmitate monohydrochloride.

CLEOCIN PEDIATRIC Flavored Granules contain clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride for reconstitution. Each 5 mL contains the equivalent of 75 mg clindamycin. Inactive ingredients: artificial cherry flavor, ethylparaben, pluronic F68, simethicone, sucrose.
The placebo arm is a 1-2 mins mobile app game, which allows 1-4 participants to play together with a duration of 1-2 minutes. It aims to increase participants' family and personal well-being by increasing the interaction of family members. Assessments will be conducted at two different time points, immediately following the intervention (T2) and after 1-month follow-up (T3).
Approximately every fifth child in Denmark experience mental health problems, mental illness, or low levels of school thriving before the age of ten, and 15% of Danish adolescent are diagnosed with a mental disorder before they turn 18. The experience of mental health problems, low school thriving and mental illness in childhood and adolescence is a severe risk factor for school segregation, low grades, school dropout and mental illness in youth and adulthood. There is therefore an urgent need for feasible and effective mental health promoting and preventive interventions from early childhood. High-quality music singing (e.g. choir singing) can promote well-being, social inclusion in school, and positive social relations among school-children, which are key prerequisites for strengthening children's mental health. However, the potential benefits of this type of intervention have not been evaluated in a Danish context. Therefore, we developed the Alle kan synge (AKS; in English: Everyone can sing) intervention as a prototype for implementation and dissemination.

The aim of this feasibility study is to explore the feasibility of implementing the AKS intervention in three Danish primary schools and assess feasibility of the evaluation design. Findings will provide knowledge on the critical aspects of the intervention, which may lead to a possible refinement of the AKS intervention, the implementation processes or evaluation design.
Patients were performed therapy 5 times a week for 45 min over a period of 3 weeks. The therapy session takes 45 min of conventional therapy.
Tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy, are characterised by the aggregation of tau into insoluble neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Tau is subject to a range of post-translational modifications, including proteolysis, that can promote its aggregation. Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of tauopathies and evidence is growing for a role of CD8+ T cells in disease pathogenesis. CD8+ T cells release granzyme proteases but what role these proteases play in neuronal dysfunction is currently lacking. Here, we identified that granzyme A (GzmA) is present in brain tissue and proteolytically cleaves tau. Mass spectrometric analysis of tau fragments produced on digestion of tau with GzmA identified three cleavage sites at R194-S195, R209-S210 and K240-S241. Mutation of the critical Arg or Lys residues at the cleavage sites in tau or chemical inhibition of GzmA blocked the proteolysis of tau by GzmA. Development of a semi-targeted mass spectrometry approach identified peptides in tauopathy brain tissue corresponding to proteolysis by GzmA at R209-S210 and K240-S241 in tau. When expressed in cells the GzmA-cleaved C-terminal fragments of tau were highly phosphorylated and aggregated upon incubation of the cells with tauopathy brain seed. The C-terminal fragment tau195-441 was able to transfer between cells and promote aggregation of tau in acceptor cells, indicating the propensity for such tau fragments to propagate between cells. Collectively, these results raise the possibility that GzmA, released from infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, proteolytically cleaves tau into fragments that may contribute to its pathological properties in tauopathies.
The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis (AC) has rapidly increased in recent decades, resulting in a significant global public health concern. The ocular surface is a unique mucosal immune compartment in which immunological features act in concert to foster a tolerant microenvironment (immune privilege). The corneal epithelial barrier is the first line of defense that forms a protective barrier against pathogens, pollutants, and allergens. The ocular microbiota has a role in maintaining the homeostasis of the ocular surface and preservation of barrier function. Vitamin D functions as enforcing intercellular junctions and maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier integrity; metabolites from the gut microbiota may also regulate expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR). Low serum vitamin D levels have been shown to predispose to a variety of allergic disorders. A recent study shows that corneas contain vitamin D and VDR; vitamin D enhances corneal epithelial barrier function. However, research data of the role of vitamin D in ocular microenvironment of AC are insufficient and controversial. In recent research, the investigators found allergic inflammation of ocular surface weakened corneal epithelial barrier, modulated the signal pathway of retinal pigment epithelial cells, and enhanced scleral tissue remodeling, resulting in myopia in progression. However, there are few studies available to investigate the role of vitamin D in ocular surface microenvironment, ocular inflammation, and visual acuity in AC. Moreover, understanding the interaction of vitamin D, ocular microbiota, and ocular inflammation may provide a new target for the development of therapeutic interventions of ocular allergy and restore visual function.