anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
###  Risk Summary

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk. 

In animal reproduction studies, subcutaneous (SC) administration of travoprost to pregnant mice and rats throughout the period of organogenesis produced embryo-fetal lethality, spontaneous abortion, and premature delivery at potentially clinically relevant doses. 

Advise pregnant women of a potential risk to a fetus. Because animal reproductive studies are not always predictive of human response, travoprost should be administered during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. 

The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown; however, in the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects is 2% to 4% and of miscarriage is 15% to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies. 

###  Data

#### Animal Data 

An embryo-fetal study was conducted in pregnant rats administered travoprost once daily by SC injection from gestation day (GD) 6 to 18, to target the period of organogenesis. At 10 mcg/kg (60 times the maximum recommended human ocular dose [MRHOD], based on estimated plasma Cmax), travoprost was teratogenic in rats, evidenced by an increase in the incidence of skeletal malformations as well as external and visceral malformations, including fused sternebrae, domed head and hydrocephaly. Travoprost caused post-implantation loss at 10 mcg/kg. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for post-implantation loss was 3 mcg/kg (18 times the MRHOD, based on estimated plasma Cmax). The maternal NOAEL was 10 mcg/kg. 

An embryo-fetal study was conducted in pregnant mice administered travoprost once daily by SC injection from GD 6 to 11, to target the period of organogenesis. At 1 mcg/kg (6 times the MRHOD, based on estimated plasma Cmax), travoprost caused postimplantation loss and decreased fetal weight. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for malformations was 0.3 mcg/kg (2 times the MRHOD, based on estimated plasma Cmax). The maternal NOAEL was 1 mcg/kg.

Pre/postnatal studies were conducted in rats administered travoprost once daily by subcutaneous injection from GD 7 (early embryonic period) to postnatal Day 21 (end of lactation period). At doses of greater than or equal to 0.12 mcg/kg/day (0.7 times the MRHOD, based on estimated plasma Cmax), adverse pregnancy outcomes (embryo-fetal lethality, abortion, and early delivery), low-birth weight and developmental delays were observed. The NOAEL for adverse pregnancy outcomes, low-birth weight and developmental delay was 0.1 mcg/kg (0.6 times the MHROD, based on estimated plasma Cmax). The NOAEL for maternal toxicity was 0.72 mcg/kg (4 times the MHROD, based on estimated plasma Cmax).
The invention provides a metoprolol tartrate sustained release tablet. The metoprolol tartrate sustained release tablet is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 100 of metoprolol tartrate, 60-80 of retardant, 20-40 of filling agent, 2-10 of lubricating agent, 50-90 of adhesive and 2.5-4 of film coating powder. Aiming at the problem that adhesive brewing is easily caused in production because the metoprolol tartrate is easy to dissolve in water, the invention provides a two-step granulation method comprising the steps of respectively preparing medicine contained granules and blank granules, drying the medicine contained granules and the blank granules, totally mixing the medicine contained granules and the blank granules and tabletting, so that the problem of adhesive brewing in tabletting is solved. In addition, the metoprolol tartrate is strong in moisture absorption property and bitter in taste, and a coating layer can be used for improving the stability of the metoprolol tartrate and masking the bitter taste of the metoprolol tartrate. The metoprolol tartrate sustained release tablet has the advantages that the components of the auxiliary materials are simple, the operation is convenient, the prepared granules are good in flowability, strong in adhesive resistance and incapable of causing adhesive brewing during tabletting, and the coating layer can be used for improving the stability of a drug and masking the bitter tastes of active ingredients and has no affect to the release rate of the tablet. The metoprolol tartrate sustained release tablet is suitable for industrial production and relatively high in application value.
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a challenging malignancy to treat. Mac-2-binding protein glycan isomer (M2BPGi) is a novel serum marker of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is secreted by hepatic stellate and stroma cells. Serum M2BPGi levels are upregulated in PC patients. We measured the expression of M2BPGi in the serum of 27 PC patients and determined whether M2BPGi affects the malignant potential of PC cells in vitro. We also examined the effect of M2BP on PC tumor growth and gemcitabine sensitivity in vivo. Serum M2BPGi levels in PC patients were higher compared with those of healthy subjects. M2BPGi extraction in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was higher compared with that of PC cells. M2BPGi treatment promoted the proliferation and invasion of PC cells. The suppression of galectin-3, which binds to M2BPGi, did not affect the proliferation-promoting effect of M2BPGi in PC cells. The suppression of M2BP reduced tumor growth and enhanced gemcitabine sensitivity in PC-bearing xenograft mice. CAF-derived M2BPGi promotes the proliferation and invasion of PC cells. Targeting M2BPGi may represent a new therapeutic strategy to circumvent refractory PC.
A therapeutically-effective amount of a Tie-2 (also known as TEK kinase, Angiopoietin-1 receptor or CD202B), activator or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof and a therapeutically-effective amount of an anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) agent for use in treating a condition. Preferably, the Tie-2 activator binds HPTP-β and/or inhibits HPTP-β. The Tie-2 activator or the pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof may be a phosphate mimetic and/or comprises an amino acid backbone. Most preferably, the Tie-2 activator or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof comprises a sulfamic acid. Preferably, the anti-VEGF agent is selected from ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept and certain peptides. The combination therapy can provide effective therapy for conditions associated with angiogenesis, for example, ocular conditions. Preferred ocular conditions to be treated include diabetic macular oedema, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and vascular leak.
The invention relates to a Chinese herbal medicine for treating ectopic pregnancy (undamaged period). The ectopic pregnancy can cause syncope and shock, bring very great anguish to a patient and even threat to life if fracturing in an observation process. The inventor finds out a Chinese herbal medicine with a better treatment effect after long-term researching and clinical verifications. The technical task of the invention is to provide the Chinese herbal medicine for treating ectopic pregnancy (undamaged period), which is more effective. The dosages of the components of the medicine are obtained by the inventor through a large amount of searches; and the medicine has the components in the optimal proportion as follows: 15 parts of root of common peony, 20 parts of roots of red-rooted salvia, 10 parts of peach kernel, 15 parts of Angelica sinensis, 10 parts of rhizoma sparganii, 10 parts of curcuma zedoary, 12 parts of corydalis tuber, 30 parts of astragalus mongholicus, 4 parts of buthus martensi kirsch, two centipedes, 20 parts of lithospermum and 20 parts of radices trichosanthis. All medicine function are cooperated with each other after the medicines are combined, so that the medicine has functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting blood circuilation to remove blood stasis, removing blood stasis and lumps and the like to further effectively treat pelvic inflammation.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to assess the dynamics of the tear site of meniscal ramp lesions, particularly considering knee flexion angles, and validate anchor fixation using an all-inside device.
METHODS: Eight Thiel-embalmed paired cadaveric knees with their whole bodies were used in this study. The ramp lesions were created arthroscopically, and ramp lesion dynamics were evaluated by gradually extending the knee from 90° of knee flexion. Changes in the gap and step-off (0: no step-off; 1: cross-sectional overlap exists; and 2: tibial articular surface exposed) were evaluated at 90°, 60°, 30°, and 10° of knee flexion. After dynamic evaluation, all-inside repairs of the ramp lesions using all-inside devices were conducted. Dissection was performed to confirm the position of anchor fixation.
RESULTS: As the knee was extended, the gap significantly decreased at all knee flexion angles. Similarly, the step-off grade decreased as the knee was extended, and the step-off completely disappeared in all cases when the knee was extended from 30° to 10°. The average knee flexion angle at which the gap and step-off completely disappeared was 22.5°. After suturing the ramp lesion, arthroscopic evaluation showed that the gap had disappeared and the step-off had been repaired in all cases. Anchor fixation locations were not found within the joint but were fixed to the semimembranosus tendon or its surrounding articular capsule. Overall, 31% (5/16) anchors were fixed to the attachment site of the semimembranosus tendon, whereas the remaining were fixed to the articular capsule, located peripherally to the semimembranosus tendon.
CONCLUSION: Suturing with an all-inside device for ramp lesions is a good option, and the repair in knee extension was found to be reasonable, considering the dynamics of ramp lesions in this study.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.
The in vitro binding of warfarin to plasma proteins is only slightly reduced by ketorolac tromethamine (99.5% control vs 99.3%) when ketorolac plasma concentrations reach 5 to 10 mcg/mL. Ketorolac does not alter digoxin protein binding. In vitro studies indicate that, at therapeutic concentrations of salicylate (300 mcg/mL), the binding of ketorolac was reduced from approximately 99.2% to 97.5%, representing a potential twofold increase in unbound ketorolac plasma levels. Therapeutic concentrations of digoxin, warfarin, ibuprofen, naproxen, piroxicam, acetaminophen, phenytoin and tolbutamide did not alter ketorolac tromethamine protein binding. 

In a study involving 12 adult volunteers, oral ketorolac tromethamine was coadministered with a single dose of 25 mg warfarin, causing no significant changes in pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of warfarin. In another study, ketorolac tromethamine dosed intravenous or intramuscular was given with two doses of 5000 U of heparin to 11 healthy volunteers, resulting in a mean template bleeding time of 6 minutes (3.2 to 11.4 min) compared to a mean of 6.0 minutes (3.4 to 7.5 min) for heparin alone and 5.1 minutes (3.5 to 8.5 min) for placebo. Although these results do not indicate a significant interaction between ketorolac tromethamine and warfarin or heparin, the administration of ketorolac tromethamine to patients taking anticoagulants should be done extremely cautiously and patients should be closely monitored (see WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS – Hematologic Effects). 

The effects of warfarin and NSAIDs, in general, on GI bleeding are synergistic, such that the users of both drugs together have a risk of serious GI bleeding higher than the users of either drug alone.
Patients receive ruxolitinib phosphate PO BID and danazol PO TID on days 1-56. Treatment repeats every 56 days for 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. At the treating physician's discretion, patients may continue treatment past 6 courses if they are without disease progression.
This is a pilot study comparing a weight-based high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) protocol with the current standard HFNC protocol for children \<2yo admitted to South Shore Hospital with bronchiolitis. We currently use a flat limit of 8 liters of HFNC to support work of breathing and hypoxia in these patients. We will compare that to a weight-based protocol, which will provide 2L/kg/min of flow (flows generally between 6 and 20L/minute) to this patient population. The goal of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility of our study design. We will evaluate the functionality of a new weight-based flow protocol. We will also evaluate the functionality of a new bronchiolitis scoring tool, the Bronchiolitis Assessment Severity Score (BASS), and it's ability to guide care through the new protocol. We are also testing the feasibility of recruitment, randomization and retention. We are ultimately interested in whether a weight-based flow protocol reduces need for escalation to ICU-level care for children with moderate-severe bronchiolitis on HFNC.
Signs and symptoms of overdosage may be immediate (anorexia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea); or delayed (myelosuppression, liver dysfunction, and gastroenteritis). Dialysis cannot be expected to clear mercaptopurine. Hemodialysis is thought to be of marginal use due to the rapid intracellular incorporation of mercaptopurine into active metabolites with long persistence. The oral LD50 of mercaptopurine was determined to be 480 mg/kg in the mouse and 425 mg/kg in the rat. 

There is no known pharmacologic antagonist of mercaptopurine. The drug should be discontinued immediately if unintended toxicity occurs during treatment. If a patient is seen immediately following an accidental overdosage of the drug, it may be useful to induce emesis.
The invention relates to sweet spike wine prepared by integrating ancient prescriptions, secret prescriptions and empirical prescriptions and combining long-term clinical application experience. 21 gouts of pure, noble and high-quality Chinese medicinal herbs such as astragalus, coastal glehnia root, root of rehmannia and the like are used. The Chinese medicinal herbs are refined into a Chinese medicinal herb preparation through a scientific and reasonable formula by adopting modern sciences. The preparation has the effects of tonifying qi, nourishing blood, tonifying spleen and stomach, nourishing heart, soothing nerves, nourishing yin, tonifying kidney and the like, and mainly treats insomnia. Through years of clinical verification of the inventor, the preparation has very remarkable improvement on insomnia and dreamful sleep, fatigue and weakness, chest stuffiness and vexation, indigestion, light headedness, waist soreness and leg weakness and the like caused by yin deficiency of heart, spleen, stomach and kidney. Pharmacological researches show that the preparation has good effects of resisting oxidation, calming nerves, promoting sleep, improving memory ability, resisting gastric ulcer, promoting hematopoietic function, resisting thrombus, improving microcirculation, promoting digestion and absorption, enhancing immunity, reducing sugar and fat, improving male sexual function, resisting aging and the like.
Beside of routine treatment for Anterior circulation infarction(ACI) patients, BAIPC group patients are admistrated by 5 cycles extremities ischemia (5-minute blood-pressure cuff inflation up to 50 mmHg higher than baseline, followed by 5-minute cuff deflation). All subjects will take BAIPC for 1 week using 'Remote Ischemic Conditioning Equipment' .Intravenous blood collection with anticoagulant and 5ml total blood will be administered at 0d, 1d and 7-10d respectively. The blood samples will be stored for laboratory assay. The blood samples only use in this trial.
PURPOSE:To obtain a microcapsuled reagent having improved detecting sensitivity and age stability as well as a reagent for enzyme immunoreaction having a high SN ratio by providing an agglutination image which can be easily decided. CONSTITUTION:This reagent for immunoreaction consists of a microcapsule contg. polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) of 90%-70% degree of saponification sensitized with an antigen or antibody. The degree of polymn. of PVA as low as <=1,000 is suitable in the case of the microcapsuled reagent and the degree of polymn. as high as >=1,500 is suitable in the case of the reagent for enzyme immunoreaction. The reagent for immunoreaction obtd. by treating PVA having <=90% degree of samponification in the above-mentioned way provides a sharp and neatly spread agglutination pattern with the microcapsuled reagent so that the detecting sensitivity is improved and the shelf life of the sensitized liquid is improved as well. Said reagent decreases a blank level and improves sensitivity with the reagent for enzyme immunoreaction.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a sequoyitol-containing extract extracted from a plurality kinds of plants and an application of the extract in preventing and treating diabetes. The method comprises the following steps that: plants of trifolium, plants of leguminosae and plants of ginkgoaceae are used as raw materials and are extracted by methanol, alcohol or acetone to give extracts. The extracts undergo two-phrase extraction of water and chloroform or ethyl acetate or methylene chloride or n-butylalcohol. The solvent is reclaimed and the water part is separated and purified by macro porousresin to obtain the extract which is white powder. The main ingredient of the extract is sequoyitol with a content of between 10 and 99.9 percent. The extract obtained by the method and drugs, functional food or health care food made from the extract can be used for the treatment of diabetes and complications of diabetes.
A significant proportion of patients with prostate cancer develop metastatic disease, which most commonly affects the skeleton. Bone metastases are the cause of significant morbidity and mortality in these patients, and require long-term management. Study participants in this research study will have a diagnosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer metastatic to bone.

Cabozantinib is not approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat people for castration-resistant prostate cancer metastatic to bone or for any other type of cancer. Giving cabozantinib to human cancer patients is experimental. Cabozantinib is currently being given to patients on other studies. Cabozantinib is known to have anti-tumor effects and to reduce bone metastases based on early clinical studies in prostate cancer and other cancers. The drug is known to have side effects. The most common side effects were fatigue, diarrhea, anorexia, rash, and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) syndrome. To date, it is not known if cabozantinib is safe and/or effective.
BACKGROUND: In those with heart failure-related cardiogenic shock (HF-CS), an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) may improve hemodynamics and be useful as a bridge to advanced therapies. We explore whether those with cardiac amyloidosis and HF-CS might experience hemodynamic improvement and describe the hemodynamic response after IABP.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively identified consecutive patients with a diagnosis of cardiac amyloid, either light chain or transthyretin, who were admitted to our intensive care unit with HF-CS. Patients were excluded if an IABP was placed during heart transplant or for shock related to acute myocardial infarction. Invasive hemodynamics before and after IABP placement were assessed. We identified 23 patients with cardiac amyloid who had an IABP placed for HF-CS. The 1-year survival rate was 74% and most (65%) were bridged to heart transplant, although 1 patient was bridged to destination left ventricular assist device. After IABP, the mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, and cardiac power index were significantly increased, whereas mean right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were all significantly decreased. A smaller left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (per cm) was associated with a higher likelihood of a cardiac index of <2.2 L/min/m2 after IABP (odds ratio 0.16, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.93, P = .04).
CONCLUSIONS: IABP significantly improved cardiac index while decreasing right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in cardiac amyloidosis patients with HF-CS.
STUDY OBJECTIVE : Assess the efficacy of a morphine dose of 0.1 mg/kg versus a morphine dose of 0.05 mg/kg in pre-hospital pain METHODS : Consecutive patients with severe, acute pain defined as a verbal rating scale (VRS) of 60/100 or higher may be included. 106 patients at all are required in the study. They will be randomised in two groups : group A will receive an initial intravenous injection of 0.05 mg/kg then injections of 0.025 mg/kg every 5 minutes and group B will receive an initial intravenous injection 0.1 mg/kg then injections of 0.05 mg/kg every 5 minutes. The pain scale will be checked every 5 minutes during 30 minutes. The titration will be stopped before, if the VRS is \< or = 30. The patient will be followed during the study until 60 minutes.
At 1st post operative follow up visit, surgical incision(s) will be assessed for healing, after the sutures/staples/steri-strips are removed. To be included in the study the incision must be 5cm or greater. And bilateral incisions as in bilateral mastectomy can be included. The incisions will be divided into two sections, using an imaginary line between top and bottom, or left and right. One side of the imaginary line will have cicatricell cream applied 2 times a day for a minimum of 8 weeks and a maximum 6months. The other side of the imaginary line will remain untreated. In the case of a bilateral incision, as in bilateral breast mastectomy or AAA incisions in the groins, the cream will be applied to one entire incision and the 2nd incision will be untreated. The incision(s) will be its own control group. At the end of the treatment phase the incision(s) will be assessed again to compare the healing.
PURPOSE:To inexpensively make crystal of amino acid into granules by adding fats and oils and/or a sucrose fatty acid ester to an aqueous solution of amino acid. CONSTITUTION:One or more selected from fats and oils (e.g. coconut oil) and a sucrose fatty acid ester (e.g. sucrose lauric ester) are added to an aqueous solution of amino acid selected from tryptophan, isoleucine, histidine and lysine. The amount of the fats and oils added is 0.5-30w/w% based on the amino acid and that of the sucrose fatty acid ester is 0.01-1.0w/w%. The aqueous solution of amino acid containing the additive is concentrated under reduced pressure at 30-50 deg.C to give granules of amino acid. The aqueous solution of amino acid is an aqueous solution containing 10-100% one kind of amino acid based on solid substance in the solution.
In recent years, important developments have been made in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). These developments have led to the large-scale application of AI in our everyday lives and AI-research within healthcare. A potentially promising application of AI lies in imaging analysis. For example, within gastroenterology this means the detection and classification of colorectal polyps and Barrett's neoplasia, disease severity scoring of inflammatory bowel diseases, and differentiating pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis.

Despite the investments in AI-research, there is a lack in knowledge concerning patients' and physicians' perspectives on AI in healthcare. This prospective questionnaire study investigates these perspectives, obtaining data from both gastroenterology (GI) patients and GI-physicians within the Netherlands. The questionnaires focus on the knowledge, experience, and opinion of AI, particularly concerning the implementation of AI in (gastroenterology) healthcare. Furthermore, the current (endoscopic) infrastructure within Dutch hospitals will be investigated for its readnessy for AI.