anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by oxidative damage and inflammatory responses. Myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1) exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the specific role of MD1 in DCM has yet to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the role of MD1 in DCM and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We utilized a gain-of-function approach to explore the involvement of MD1 in DCM. Diabetes was induced in MD1-transgenic (MD1-TG) mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts via streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Additionally, a diabetes cell model was established using H9c2 cells exposed to high glucose levels. We conducted comprehensive evaluations, including pathological analyses, echocardiography, electrocardiography, and molecular assessments, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of MD1 in DCM. Notably, MD1 expression was reduced in the hearts of STZ-induced diabetic mice. Overexpression of MD1 significantly improved cardiac function and markedly inhibited ventricular pathological hypertrophy and fibrosis in these mice. Furthermore, MD1 overexpression resulted in a substantial decrease in myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitigating myocardial oxidative stress and reducing the levels of inflammation-related markers such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Mechanistically, MD1 overexpression inhibited the activation of the TLR4/STAT3 signaling pathway, as demonstrated in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. The overexpression of MD1 significantly impeded pathological cardiac remodeling and improved cardiac function in STZ-induced diabetic mice. This effect was primarily attributed to a reduction in ROS accumulation and mitigation of myocardial oxidative stress and inflammation, facilitated by the inhibition of the TLR4/STAT3 signaling pathway.
The IPAD-CKD trial is a randomized, open-label, parallel-designed, multicenter study. 5322 patients will be recruited over three years with a median follow up of 4.5 years. IPAD tests the hypothesis that intensive antihypertensive medical therapy in adult patients with type 2 diabetes, whose seated BP ranges from 120 to 139 mm Hg systolic and \< 90 mm Hg diastolic, results in 20% reduction in the incidence of major renal events (the primary endpoint), a composite of renal failure and proteinuria progression. Secondary endpoints of this study include: renal failure ; proteinuria progression; proteinuria reversion; end stage renal disease; cardiovascular-cause mortality; MI; hospitalization for HF; stroke;hospitalization for unstable angina; all-cause mortality;development of diabetic retinopathy that needs interventional operation; peripheral arterial diseases; new on-set atrial fibrillation or flutter; cancer.

Inclusion criteria for the study include T2DM patients aged between 45 and 79 years within the aforementioned BP ranges. For participants in the intensive group, the sitting systolic BP should decrease to \< 120 mm Hg, using titration and combination of study medications consisting of an angiotensin type-1 receptor blocker Allisartan (240 mg/day) and a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker (amlodipine 5-10 mg/day), and/or other medications if necessary.For those in the standard group, the sitting systolic pressure should be monitored and controlled below 140 mm Hg. Across the whole study, 310 primary endpoints are expected to occur. Interim analyses will be carried out on an intention-to-treat basis at the accumulation of 107 and 214 primary endpoints respectively. At the completion of the trial, both an intention-to-treat and a per-protocol analysis will be performed.
The disconnected (disco)-interacting protein 2 (DIP2) gene was first identified in D. melanogaster and contains a DNA methyltransferase-associated protein 1 (DMAP1) binding domain, Acyl-CoA synthetase domain and AMP-binding sites. DIP2 regulates axonal bifurcation of the mushroom body neurons in D. melanogaster and is required for axonal regeneration in the neurons of C. elegans. The DIP2 homologues in vertebrates, Disco-interacting protein 2 homolog A (DIP2A), Disco-interacting protein 2 homolog B (DIP2B), and Disco-interacting protein 2 homolog C (DIP2C), are highly conserved and expressed widely in the central nervous system. Although there is evidence that DIP2C plays a role in cognition, reports of pathogenic variants in these genes are rare and their significance is uncertain. We present 23 individuals with heterozygous DIP2C variants, all manifesting developmental delays that primarily affect expressive language and speech articulation. Eight patients had de novo variants predicting loss-of-function in the DIP2C gene, two patients had de novo missense variants, three had paternally inherited loss of function variants and six had maternally inherited loss-of-function variants, while inheritance was unknown for four variants. Four patients had cardiac defects (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, atrial septal defects, and bicuspid aortic valve). Minor facial anomalies were inconsistent but included a high anterior hairline with a long forehead, broad nasal tip, and ear anomalies. Brainspan analysis showed elevated DIP2C expression in the human neocortex at 10-24 weeks after conception. With the cases presented herein, we provide phenotypic and genotypic data supporting the association between loss-of-function variants in DIP2C with a neurocognitive phenotype.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device to deliver chlorhexidine gluconate to the oral environment, a coating composition and a method for preparing such composition.  <P>SOLUTION: The device comprises a coating containing chlorhexidine gluconate, a solubilizing glycol and a modulus-enhancing component. The coating comprises no more than about 2% water by mass and has less than 0.5 molar equivalents of deleterious quantities of salts, acids, and bases that would react with chlorhexidine gluconate based on the amount of chlorhexidine gluconate in the coating, and contains no more than 200 ppm of PCA after four weeks at 45°C. The solubilizing glycol is, for example, glycerin, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, a polyglycerol or propylene glycol. The modulus-enhancing component is, for example, a wax, poly-n-vinylpyrrolidone, a crystalline fatty alcohol, paraffin, a polyethylene oxide, hydroxypropyl cellulose and a cellulose derivative.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Adolescents face an increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with alarming data especially concerning HIV. Limited data exists for teenagers regarding the influence of their gender identity (GI) and sexual orientation on the risk of STIs. This narrative review aims to analyse the available data to provide a comprehensive overview of STIs incidence and risk factors among adolescents, taking into account the unique circumstances related to various sexual orientations and GIs. Transgender and gender minority (TGM) youth experience more challenges accessing health services compared to cisgender youth. This is often attributed to non-inclusive health environments, barriers to obtaining medical gender affirmation, and an underestimation of sexual risk perception. Literature analysis has revealed that the majority of adolescents, both cisgender and TGM, have limited awareness regarding the risks associated with their sexual behaviors, the most common sexually transmitted diseases, and strategies for prevention, such as PrEP and HPV vaccination. Moreover, a significant portion of pediatricians possess limited knowledge and comfort in addressing various aspects of sexual health, particularly when it involves discussing topics such as sexual orientation, gender identity, and sexual behaviors with sexually active adolescents. This underscores the pressing need for enhanced education for pediatricians, specifically focusing on STIs diagnosis, prevention, and screening.
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method of diagnosis of disease pathogenesis involves assay of requirement of patients for repeated irritation of sense of smell organ caused by essential-oil plant aroma. Essential oil of plant is applied on the cold "aromatic stone". The requirement sense for repeated inhalation of plant aroma ensures to determine dominant pathogenesis of disease rapidly and to prescribe the necessary therapy involving drugs, homeopathic agents, food additions and aromatic substances. EFFECT: improved diagnosis, decreased disease time, improved patient state, accelerated treatment. 8 cl
BACKGROUND: Low birthweight (LBW), infants weighing less than 2,500 g, is a global health concern associated with high infant morbidity and mortality rates. This study investigates LBW prevalence and its relation to maternal sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors factors in the United States (US).
METHODS: This analysis used the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) data from 2016 to 2021, including n = 225,443 children aged 0-17 years. 18,131 had LBW (<2,500 g), and 2810 had very LBW (VLBW) (<1,500 g). Logistic regression calculated odds ratios (OR) using LBW as the dependent variable, adjusting for various factors.
RESULTS: Between 2016 and 2021 in the United States, LBW prevalence averaged 9.31%, with VLBW at 1.50%. Mothers aged 18-35, White, had the lowest LBW (7.63%) and VLBW (1.17%) rates. Mothers aged ≤18 years, black, had the highest LBW (15.45%) and VLBW infants (4.70%). Maternal age emerged as a significant LBW factor, with an OR of 1.27 for ≤18 and 1.19 for >35. Children in poor health had the highest OR (2.87). Race/ethnicity and other disparities were observed.
CONCLUSION: Our study highlights LBW risk among non-White mothers with specific criteria, emphasizing the need for continued exploration of intersectional targets for change that are exacerbating LBW disparities among marginalized populations which may be artificially attributed to biologic determinants and individual-level risk factors. In-depth analysis of repressive structures at the root of inequalities demand continued research on macro levels of influence. Customized healthcare reform holds the greatest potential to disrupt the patterns contributing to poor health outcomes among LBW children, and will ultimately maximize the reach and effectiveness of health promotion strategies and clinical practices aimed to improve universal maternal and infant health.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of impulsive behavior, hyperactivity and/or inattention. It is one of the most prevalent chronic pediatric neurodevelopmental conditions. The pathology of ADHD may relate to the oxidative stress caused by abnormal neurotransmitters. Therefore, we would like to intervene pine bark extract (PE) which can improve the symptom of inattention and hyperactivity from the psychological assessment and antioxidative status.

20 children and adolescent aged above 7 but under 20 years old and 20 adults aged from 20 to 65 years old with ADHD will be enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, cross-over and placebo controlled 10-weeks period experiment.

At the treatment period (0th to 4th week of the experiment), children and adolescent with ADHD will receive 1\~2 placebo or capsules of polyphenolic extract from pine bark (25mg Oligopin per capsule) according to their body weight. On the other hand, adult with ADHD will receive 2\~3 placebo or capsules of polyphenolic extract from pine bark (50mg Oligopin per capsule). The 5th to 6th week will be the washout period. The control group and Oligopin group will be cross-over at 7th week to 10th week of the experiment. Psychiatric examination and nutrition status evaluation will be carried out in this study. At the beginning, 4th, 7th and 10th week of the study, basic psychiatric examination will be carried out by clinical psychologist. Routine laboratory parameter including liver function, kidney function, lipid profile, antioxidative status and iron status will be investigated at the beginning, 4th and 10th week of the study. The nutrition status evaluation including food frequency questionnaire and three-day dietary record (two days on weekdays, one day on holiday). The food frequency questionnaire will be performed at the beginning, 4th, 7th and 10th of the experiment while three-day dietary record will be performed at 2th, 4th , 8th and 10th of the experiment. We expect that polyphenolic extract from pine bark may improve oxidative status which in turn ameliorate the attention and emotional stability in patients with ADHD.
PURPOSE:To improve use feeling while keeping humectant effect for a long time, by preparing an oil in water type emulsified composition by compounding a salt of phosphoric ester of higher fatty acid, hydrogenated natural phospholipid and a humectant and making the resulting composition weak acidic. CONSTITUTION:A salt of higher phosphoric ester of fatty acid, hydrogenated natural phospholipid and a humectant are dissolved in an oil component or water and, thereafter, an oil phase and a water phase are emulsified under mixing to prepare an oil in water type emulsified composition. As the salt of phosphoric ester of higher fatty acid, a salt of straight chain alkylphosphoric ester of monolauric acid is pref. and the prepared oil in water type emulsified composition is neutralized by a basic substance so as to allow the pH of said composition to enter a weak acidic region. As hydrogenated natural phospholipid, there are soybean phospholipid and yolk phospholipid, etc. As the humectant, polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol or the like are designated.
We aslo will recruit 300 randomised CHD patients who meet the inclusion criteria. There are no significant differences in age, gender, race, past medical history,personal history and so on between the two groups. In this group we will perform percutaneous coronary intervention firstly, then give traditional secondary prevention of coronary heart disease just like the RSD+PCI+Medicine group. Third we will conduct a clinic follow-up every six month and a telephone follow-up every three month(Total 24 months).
Background and objectives: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific condition characterized by significant health risks for pregnant women worldwide due to its status as a multi-organ disorder. High blood pressure (hypertension) with or without proteinuria is usually considered an initial clinical sign of PE. The pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia is highly complex and likely involves multiple factors, including poorly developed uterine spiral arterioles, immunological issues, placental ischemia or infarction, and genetic abnormalities. Inflammatory cytokine production, regulated by cytokine gene polymorphisms, is one of the factors likely contributing to the development of PE. The present study aimed to assess IL-6, IL-1β, and Apo B-100 gene polymorphism and to evaluate the association of these polymorphisms with PE. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study involved 99 participants aged 16 to 45 years from Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. The participants were divided into three groups: Group 1 (PE with severe hypertension), Group 2 (PE with hypertension), and Group 3 (control), each comprising 33 individuals. Maternal blood samples were collected, DNA was extracted, and molecular genetic analysis of the IL-6, IL-1β, and Apo B-100 genes was performed using the PCR-RFLP method. Allelic frequencies were compared, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 25, applying the Hardy-Weinberg equation and chi-square test to evaluate the results. Results: There are differences in the distribution of allelic frequencies for IL-6 -174G/C (CC, GC, GG), IL-1β-511C/T (CC, CT, TT), and Apo B-100 2488 C/T (CC, CT, TT) between pre-eclamptic patients and the control group. The analysis using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and chi-square test showed an association between the IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism and the severity of pre-eclampsia. Conclusions: The polymorphisms of the IL-6, IL-1β, and Apo B-100 genes revealed different alleles. The IL-6 gene alone was found to be in disequilibrium according to the Hardy-Weinberg equation, indicating a potential link to the severity of pre-eclampsia in the population studied.
1. A process for purifying alkoxylated fats by treatment with a solid substsnce, wherein a mixture of aluminum oxide and a silicate is employed as solid substance. 2. A process as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the treatment is carried out at 15-180 degree C. 3. A process as claimed in Claim 1, wherein an alkali metal or/and alkaline earth metal silicate is used as silicate. 4. A process as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises mixing and stirring the alkoxylated fats with the aluminum oxide and the silicate, and subsequently filtering off the solid substance. 5. A process as claimed in Claim 4, wherein from 0.5 to 15% by weight of the solid substance, based on the complete mixture, are employed. 6. A process as claimed in Claim 4, wherein additionally 0.2% by weight of a filtration aid is added in the treatment. 7. A process as claimed in Claim 1, wherein an acid is added before or after the treatment.
Patients are stratified according to prior antiandrogen therapy (yes vs no). Patients with prior antiandrogen therapy begin study therapy after appropriate antiandrogen withdrawal, while those without such prior therapy begin study therapy immediately. Patients undergo medical adrenalectomy using hydrocortisone combined with aminoglutethimide. Oral hydrocortisone is administered twice daily. Oral aminoglutethimide is administered twice daily for 1 week and then 4 times daily during subsequent weeks. Oral ketoconazole is administered three times daily.
Absorption: Latanoprost is absorbed through the cornea where the isopropyl ester prodrug is hydrolyzed to the acid form to become biologically active. Studies in man indicate that the peak concentration in the aqueous humor is reached about two hours after topical administration.

Distribution: The distribution volume in humans is 0.16 ± 0.02 L/kg. The acid of latanoprost can be measured in aqueous humor during the first 4 hours, and in plasma only during the first hour after local administration.

Metabolism: Latanoprost, an isopropyl ester prodrug, is hydrolyzed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active acid. The active acid of latanoprost reaching the systemic circulation is primarily metabolized by the liver to the 1,2-dinor and 1,2,3,4-tetranor metabolites via fatty acid β-oxidation.

Excretion: The elimination of the acid of latanoprost from human plasma is rapid (t1/2=17 min) after both intravenous and topical administration. Systemic clearance is approximately 7 mL/min/kg. Following hepatic β-oxidation, the metabolites are mainly eliminated via the kidneys. Approximately 88% and 98% of the administered dose is recovered in the urine after topical and intravenous dosing, respectively.
Patients and spouse caregivers complete the Taking Care of Her Program comprising 5 telephone-delivered intervention sessions over 45-60 minutes every 2 weeks. The intervention sessions are designed to provide training for spouse caregivers and patients to better manage the impact and emotional toll of recently diagnosed ovarian cancer, including its impact on their interpersonal communication and support about the cancer.
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that severely affects the basal ganglia and regions of the cerebral cortex. While astrocytosis and microgliosis both contribute to basal ganglia pathology, the contribution of gliosis and potential factors driving glial activity in the human HD cerebral cortex is less understood. Our study aims to identify nuanced indicators of gliosis in HD which is challenging to identify in the severely degenerated basal ganglia, by investigating the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), a cortical region previously documented to demonstrate milder neuronal loss. Immunohistochemistry was conducted on MTG paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays (TMAs) comprising 29 HD and 35 neurologically normal cases to compare the immunoreactivity patterns of key astrocytic proteins (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP; inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1, Kir4.1; glutamate transporter-1, GLT-1; aquaporin-4, AQP4), key microglial proteins (ionised calcium-binding adapter molecule-1, IBA-1; human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR; transmembrane protein 119, TMEM119; purinergic receptor P2RY12, P2RY12), and indicators of proliferation (Ki-67; proliferative cell nuclear antigen, PCNA). Our findings demonstrate an upregulation of GFAP+ protein expression attributed to the presence of more GFAP+ expressing cells in HD, which correlated with greater cortical mutant huntingtin (mHTT) deposition. In contrast, Kir4.1, GLT-1, and AQP4 immunoreactivity levels were unchanged in HD. We also demonstrate an increased number of IBA-1+ and TMEM119+ microglia with somal enlargement. IBA-1+, TMEM119+, and P2RY12+ reactive microglia immunophenotypes were also identified in HD, evidenced by the presence of rod-shaped, hypertrophic, and dystrophic microglia. In HD cases, IBA-1+ cells contained either Ki-67 or PCNA, whereas GFAP+ astrocytes were devoid of proliferative nuclei. These findings suggest cortical microgliosis may be driven by proliferation in HD, supporting the hypothesis of microglial proliferation as a feature of HD pathophysiology. In contrast, astrocytes in HD demonstrate an altered GFAP expression profile that is associated with the degree of mHTT deposition.
OBJECTIVE: Demographic and infrastructural developments might compromise medical care provision in rural regions, particularly for acute health conditions. Studying the case of myocardial infarction (MI), we investigated how MI-related mortality at ages 65+ varies between rural and urban regions in Germany and to what extent differences are driven by varying case fatality and disease incidence.
METHODS: The study relies on data containing all hospitalizations, cause-specific deaths and population counts for the total German population between years 2012-2018 and ages 65+. MI-related mortality, MI incidence and case fatality are compared between urban and rural regions in a population-wide analysis. The impacts of changing incidence and case fatality on rural-urban MI-related mortality differences are assessed using a counterfactual approach.
RESULTS: Rural regions in Germany show systematically higher MI-related death rates and MI incidence at ages 65+ compared to urban regions. Higher mortality is primarily the result of higher MI incidence in rural regions, while case fatality is largely similar. The rural excess in MI-related death rates would be nullified and 1 out of 6 MI-related deaths in rural regions could be prevented if rural regions in Germany would have at least the median MI incidence of urban regions.
CONCLUSIONS: MI incidence and not case fatality drives the rural disadvantage in MI-related mortality in Germany. Higher MI incidence points towards potential regional variation in the effectiveness of disease prevention. The findings highlight that improving disease prevention at the patient level carries larger opportunities for reducing regional MI-related mortality inequalities in Germany.
The effects of fenofibrate on serum triglycerides were studied in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of 147 hypertriglyceridemic patients. Patients were treated for eight weeks under protocols that differed only in that one entered patients with baseline TG levels of 500 to 1500 mg/dL, and the other TG levels of 350 to 500 mg/dL. In patients with hypertriglyceridemia and normal cholesterolemia with or without hyperchylomicronemia, treatment with fenofibrate at dosages equivalent to fenofibrate 160 mg per day decreased primarily very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol. Treatment of patients with elevated triglycerides often results in an increase of LDL-C (see Table 5).

Table 5. Effects of Fenofibrate in Patients With Severe Hypertriglyceridemia

The effect of fenofibrate on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has not been determined.