anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
CONTEXT: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by the intracellular lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Excess caloric intake and high-fat diets are considered to significantly contribute to MASLD development.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hepatic and serum fatty acid (FA) composition in patients with different stages of MASLD, and their relationship with FA dietary intake and MASLD-related risk factors.
METHODS: This was a case-control study in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery at a university hospital between January 2020 and December 2021. Participants were distributed in 3 groups: no MASLD (n = 26), steatotic liver disease (n = 33), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (n = 32). Hepatic and serum FA levels were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nutritional status was evaluated using validated food frequency questionnaires. The hepatic expression of genes involved in FA metabolism was analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: The hepatic, but not serum, FA profiles were significantly altered in patients with MASLD compared with those without MASLD. No differences were observed in FA intake between the groups. Levels of C16:0, C18:1, and the C18:1/C18:0 ratio were higher, while C18:0 levels and C18:0/C16:0 ratio were lower in patients with MASLD, being significantly different between the 3 groups. Hepatic FA levels and ratios correlated with histopathological diagnosis and other MASLD-related parameters. The expression of genes involved in the FA metabolism was upregulated in patients with MASLD.
CONCLUSION: Alterations in hepatic FA levels in MASLD patients were due to enhancement of de novo lipogenesis in the liver.
PCT No. PCT/US90/01577 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 21, 1990 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 21, 1990 PCT Filed Nov. 21, 1990 PCT Pub. No. WO90/11074 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 4, 1990.A new circulating factor from the parathyroid gland of some hypertensive mammals have been isolated and characterized. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies raised against this factor are usable as a screen for the presence of the factor. The factor is involved in the control of calcium uptake in cells. Hypertensive mammals may be treated to lower mean blood pressure by administering a calcium channel blocking agent together with one or both of a calcium supplement and Vitamin D. The hypotensive effect of this combination is synergistic and the dose response is more predictable than the administration of any of these agents singly. The factor has a molecular weight of 3,000 to 4,000 Daltons.
Patients receive ipilimumab (Ipi) 3mg/kg i.v. over 90 minutes, within 24 hours of starting radiotherapy (RT) to the biopsied lesion, 6 Gy x5, later changed to 9.5 Gy x3 (conformally or by intensity modulated RT (IMRT) with image guidance to maximally spare normal tissue). Ipilimumab is repeated on days 22, 43 (for patients who consent to the first biopsy), and 64. Repeat biopsy is performed between day 22-29, and patients are re-imaged between day 81-88 and evaluated for response (defined as an objective response by irRC of the measurable metastatic sites outside the radiation field).
INTRODUCTION: Given the absence of established recommendations for pain assessment in pharmacologically paralyzed Intensive-Care-Units (ICU) patients under Neuro-Muscular-Blocking Agents (NMBA), this study assessed the validity of various parameters for evaluating pain in this specific population.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four electrophysiological parameters (instant-Analgesia-Nociception-Index (ANI), Bispectral index (BIS), Heart Rate (HR) and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (ABP)) and one clinical parameter (Behavioural-Pain-Scale (BPS)) were recorded during tracheal-suctioning in all consecutive ICU patients who required a continuous infusion of cisatracurium, before and just after paralysis recovery measured by Train-of-Four ratio. The validity of the five pain-related parameters was assessed by comparing the values recorded during different situations (before/during/after the nociceptive procedure) (discriminant-validity, primary outcome), and the effect of paralysis was assessed by comparing values obtained during and after paralysis (reliability, secondary outcome).
RESULTS: Twenty patients were analyzed. ANI, BIS, and HR significantly changed during the nociceptive procedure in both paralysis and recovery, while BPS changed only post-recovery. ANI and HR were unaffected by paralysis, unlike BIS and BPS (mixed-effect model). ANI exhibited the highest discriminant-validity, with values (min 0/max 100) decreasing from 71 [48-89] at rest to 41 [25-72] during tracheal suctioning in paralyzed patients, and from 71 [53-85] at rest to 40 [31-52] in non-paralyzed patients.
CONCLUSIONS: ANI proves the most discriminant parameter for pain detection in both paralyzed and non-paralyzed sedated ICU patients. Its significant and clinically relevant decrease during tracheal suctioning remains unaltered by NMBA use. Pending further studies on analgesia protocols based on ANI, it could be used to assess pain during nociceptive procedures in ICU patients receiving NMBA.
Reports of necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum (Fournier's gangrene), a rare but serious and life-threatening necrotizing infection requiring urgent surgical intervention, have been identified in postmarketing surveillance in patients with diabetes mellitus receiving SGLT2 inhibitors, including INVOKANA. Cases have been reported in both females and males. Serious outcomes have included hospitalization, multiple surgeries, and death.

Patients treated with INVOKANA presenting with pain or tenderness, erythema, or swelling in the genital or perineal area, along with fever or malaise, should be assessed for necrotizing fasciitis. If suspected, start treatment immediately with broad-spectrum antibiotics and, if necessary, surgical debridement. Discontinue INVOKANA, closely monitor blood glucose levels, and provide appropriate alternative therapy for glycemic control.
Participants in the intervention arm will receive a voucher code that provides 12 months of access to the WW program and instructions for redeeming the code by study staff. The program will include access to weekly Virtual Workshops and the WW App. WW is a widely available, commercial behavioral weight management program that encourages healthy habits in the areas of food, activity, mindset, and sleep, with topics tailored specific to T2D. Participants will also be provided with the FreeStyle Libre 2 Flash Glucose Monitoring System to wear for the duration of the trial.
Increases in sedentary lifestyle and high calorie food consumption, among other factors, have contributed to epidemic levels of childhood obesity in the US. Children who are overweight during the preschool period are more likely to become overweight adolescents and obese adults. Food preferences and activity habits set in early childhood can profoundly influence lifelong trajectories for Body Mass Index (BMI) and health. Specifically, rapid BMI gain in early childhood has been established to affect adulthood mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, the longer such unhealthy patterns are in place, the more difficult it can be to reverse them. Therefore, healthy lifestyle interventions targeted at children as early as preschool have enormous potential to affect lifelong health. Furthermore, nutrition and activity patterns are determined not only at the child level, but within the family and the community.

This study will assess the impact of a family-based and community centered multilevel behavioral intervention addressing nutrition and physical activity with high risk parent-preschool children dyads to promote pediatric obesity prevention. The 7 year study will follow 600 parent preschool child dyads, half of whom will be randomized into the intervention condition which will utilize a health literate approach, build new social networks, utilize behavior modification tools including goal setting, self monitoring, and problem solving, and create behavior-environmental synergy with cues to action for use of the built environment for healthy behaviors. Both the intervention and control group (separately) will receive the control condition in which parent-child dyads will receive a literacy promotion/school success curriculum.

The primary outcome of interest will be early childhood BMI trajectories measured at multiple time points over the three year RCT. Additional measures collected throughout the study from children and parents will include: tricep skin fold, waist circumference, actigraphy, 3-day diet recalls, questionnaires, social network data, and saliva to assess a genetics/epigenetics associated with obesity. Consistent with a multilevel systems approach, the investigators will develop and assess built environment changes related to obesity prevention. Moreover, working with the study's community partners, the investigators will evaluate how this approach affects local policy.
BACKGROUND: TBX6, a member of the T-box gene family, encodes the transcription factor box 6 that is critical for somite segmentation in vertebrates. It is known that the compound heterozygosity of disruptive variants in trans with a common hypomorphic risk haplotype (T-C-A) in the TBX6 gene contribute to 10% of congenital scoliosis (CS) cases. The deletion of chromosome 17q12 is a rare cytogenetic abnormality, which often leads to renal cysts and diabetes mellitus. However, the affected individuals often exhibit clinical heterogeneity and incomplete penetrance.
METHODS: We here present a Chinese fetus who was shown to have CS by ultrasound examination at 17 weeks of gestation. Trio whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to investigate the underlying genetic defects of the fetus. In vitro functional experiments, including western-blotting and luciferase transactivation assay, were performed to determine the pathogenicity of the novel variant of TBX6.
RESULTS: WES revealed the fetus harbored a compound heterozygous variant of c.338_340del (p.Ile113del) and the common hypomorphic risk haplotype of the TBX6 gene. In vitro functional study showed the p.Ile113del variant had no impact on TBX6 expression, but almost led to complete loss of its transcriptional activity. In addition, we identified a 1.85 Mb deletion on 17q12 region in the fetus and the mother. Though there is currently no clinical phenotype associated with this copy number variation in the fetus, it can explain multiple renal cysts in the pregnant woman.
CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to report a Chinese fetus with a single amino acid deletion variant and a T-C-A haplotype of TBX6. The clinical heterogeneity of 17q12 microdeletion poses significant challenges for prenatal genetic counseling. Our results once again suggest the complexity of prenatal genetic diagnosis.
BACKGROUND: More knowledge is needed on the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with housing conditions and indoor environment based on cohort studies with a long follow-up time.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between housing conditions and indoor environment and the risk of developing COPD.
METHODS: In this cohort study, we followed 11,590 individuals aged ≥ 30 years free of COPD at baseline. Information on incident COPD and housing conditions and indoor environment was obtained from the Danish national registers and the Danish Health and Morbidity Survey year 2000. Poisson regression of incidence rates (IRs) were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of COPD.
RESULTS: The overall IR of COPD was 8.6 per 1,000 person-years. Individuals living outside the biggest cities vs. living in the biggest cities (≥ 50,000) had a lower risk of COPD (200-4,999; IRR 0.77 (95% CI 0.65-0.90). Individuals living in semi-detached houses had a higher risk compared to individuals living in detached houses (IRR 1.29 (95% CI 1.07-1.55)). Likewise, individuals living in rented homes had a higher risk (IRR 1.47 (95% CI 1.27-1.70)) compared to individuals living in owned homes. The IR of COPD was 17% higher among individuals living in dwellings build > 1982 compared with individuals living in older dwellings (< 1962), not statistically significant though (IRR 0.83 (95% CI 0.68-1.03)). Likewise, the IR of COPD was 15% higher among individuals living in the densest households compared with individuals living in the least dense households, not statistically significant though (IRR 1.15 (95% CI 0.92-1.45)). This was primary seen among smokers. There was no difference in risk among individuals with different perceived indoor environments. Overall, similar patterns were seen when stratified by smoking status with exception of perceived indoor environment, where opposite patterns were seen for smokers and never smokers.
CONCLUSION: Individuals living in semi-detached houses or rented homes had a higher risk of developing COPD compared to individuals living in detached or owned homes. Individuals living in cities with < 50.000 residents had a lower risk of COPD compared to individuals living in cities with ≥ 50.000 residents.
Fibrosis is a chronic disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix production, which leads to disruption of organ function. Fibroblasts are key effector cells of this process, responding chiefly to the pleiotropic cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which promotes fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation. We found that extracellular nutrient availability profoundly influenced the TGF-β1 transcriptome of primary human lung fibroblasts and that biosynthesis of amino acids emerged as a top enriched TGF-β1 transcriptional module. We subsequently uncovered a key role for pyruvate in influencing glutaminase (GLS1) inhibition during TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis. In pyruvate-replete conditions, GLS1 inhibition was ineffective in blocking TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis, as pyruvate can be used as the substrate for glutamate and alanine production via glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase 2 (GPT2), respectively. We further show that dual targeting of either GPT2 or GDH in combination with GLS1 inhibition was required to fully block TGF-β1-induced collagen synthesis. These findings embolden a therapeutic strategy aimed at additional targeting of mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism in the presence of a glutaminolysis inhibitor to interfere with the pathological deposition of collagen in the setting of pulmonary fibrosis and potentially other fibrotic conditions.
Participants will wear 2 devices during the specified monitoring period. They will wear both a small patch on their chest that captures continuous electrocardiogram (ECG), accelerometry, and temperature data, and a modified smartwatch measuring continuous photoplethysmography (PPG) and accelerometry data.
OBJECTIVE: Despite the demonstrated anti-melanogenic and UV protective effects of Zerumbone (ZER) in vitro, there is a lack of clinical trials that have been done to assess these properties. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of ZER in lightening the skin tone of human participants with a single-blind approach.
METHODS: Twenty-six participants were randomly assigned to two groups to investigate the application location (left or right volar forearm) for the placebo and ZER creams. Both creams were topically administered to the volar forearms twice daily over a duration of 4 weeks. Initial skin irritation was assessed before and 30 min after applying creams. The melanin and erythema levels were quantified with Mexameter MX 18.
RESULTS: Twenty participants were included in the analysis. The cream formulation had excellent physical properties and was well-received by the participants. The initial skin irritation study results indicated that neither of the creams elicited an allergic reaction. The administration of ZER cream resulted in a statistically significant reduction in melanin levels (p < 0.05) after 1 week compared to the initial baseline. Furthermore, after 2 weeks of application, ZER cream demonstrated significant differences in melanin levels compared to placebo (p < 0.05). No adverse effects were observed in the group using ZER cream.
CONCLUSION: ZER demonstrated significant potential as a skin-lightening agent.
Healthy elderly control 80 people, from peer attendees and health checkup centers. Inclusion criteria: ① Voluntary participation in this study and signing of informed consent; ② Age and gender matched with the patients in the case group; Exclusion criteria: ① Previous history of chronic diseases related to the study subjects, such as cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases of the central system, intracranial tumors and neurosurgery, etc.; ② Patients with various types of cognitive disorders (MMSE scores \<24); ③ Those with poor adherence.
Treatment-naïve participants with HIV-1 receive blinded BIC/FTC/TAF and placebo to DOR/ISL QD from Day 1 to Week 96, and open-label BIC/FTC/TAF up to Week 144. Participants who are benefitting from treatment are then eligible to continue on open-label BIC/FTC/TAF up to Week 168.
Healthy controls will be subjects 18 years or older recruited from the general population through random digit dialing. These subjects will have no history of melanoma. They will also be frequency matched to cases on the basis of sex and 10-year age group.
CARNITOR® (levocarnitine) Oral Solution and CARNITOR® SF (levocarnitine) Sugar-Free Oral Solution are for oral/internal use only.

###  Not for parenteral use.

Gastrointestinal reactions may result from a too rapid consumption of carnitine. CARNITOR® (levocarnitine) Oral Solution and CARNITOR® SF (levocarnitine) Sugar-Free Oral Solution may be consumed alone, or dissolved in drinks or other liquid foods to reduce taste fatigue. They should be consumed slowly and doses should be spaced evenly throughout the day to maximize tolerance.

The safety and efficacy of oral levocarnitine has not been evaluated in patients with renal insufficiency. Chronic administration of high doses of oral levocarnitine in patients with severely compromised renal function or in ESRD patients on dialysis may result in accumulation of the potentially toxic metabolites, trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), since these metabolites are normally excreted in the urine.
Nalmefene hydrochloride injection has been administered after benzodiazepines, inhalational anesthetics, muscle relaxants, and muscle relaxant antagonists administered in conjunction with general anesthesia. It also has been administered in outpatient settings, both in trials in conscious sedation and in the emergency management of overdose following a wide variety of agents. No deleterious interactions have been observed.

Preclinical studies have shown that both flumazenil and nalmefene can induce seizures in animals. The coadministration of both flumazenil and nalmefene produced fewer seizures than expected in a study in rodents, based on the expected effects of each drug alone. Based on these data, an adverse interaction from the coadministration of the two drugs is not expected, but physicians should remain aware of the potential risk of seizures from agents in these classes.
INTRODUCTION: IL6 signaling plays an important role in triggering labor and IL6 is an established biomarker of intrauterine infection/inflammation (IUI) driven preterm labor (PTL). The biology of IL6 during IUI at the maternal-fetal interface was investigated in samples from human subjects and non-human primates (NHP).
METHODS: Pregnant women with histologic chorioamnionitis diagnosed by placenta histology were recruited (n=28 term, n=43 for preterm pregnancies from 26-36 completed weeks of gestation). IUI was induced in Rhesus macaque by intraamniotic injection of lipopolysachharide (LPS, n=23). IL1 signaling was blocked using Anakinra (human IL-1 receptor antagonist, n=13), and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling was blocked by anti TNF-antibody (Adalimumab n=14). The blockers were given before LPS. All animals including controls (intraamniotic injection of saline n=27), were delivered 16h after LPS/saline exposure at about 80% gestation.
RESULTS: IUI induced a robust expression of IL6 mRNAs in the fetal membranes (chorion-amnion-decidua tissue) both in humans (term and preterm) and NHP. The major sources of IL6 mRNA expression were the amnion mesenchymal cells (AMC) and decidua stroma cells. Additionally, during IUI in the NHP, ADAM17 (a protease that cleaves membrane bound IL6 receptor (IL6R) to release a soluble form) and IL6R mRNA increased in the fetal membranes, and the ratio of IL6 and soluble forms of IL6R, gp130 increased in the amniotic fluid signifying upregulation of IL6 trans-signaling. Both IL1 and TNF blockade suppressed LPS-induced IL6 mRNAs in the AMC and variably decreased elements of IL6 trans-signaling.
DISCUSSION: These data suggest that IL1 and TNF blockers may be useful anti-inflammatory agents via suppression of IL6 signaling at the maternal-fetal interface.
Sensory Over-Responsivity (SOR) is an increasingly recognized challenge among children with neurodevelopmental concerns (NDC). To investigate, we characterized the incidence of auditory and tactile over-responsivity (AOR, TOR) among 82 children with NDC. We found that 70% of caregivers reported concern for their child's sensory reactions. Direct assessment further revealed that 54% of the NDC population expressed AOR, TOR, or both - which persisted regardless of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. These findings support the high prevalence of SOR as well as its lack of specificity to ASD. Additionally, AOR is revealed to be over twice as prevalent as TOR. These conclusions present several avenues for further exploration, including deeper analysis of the neural mechanisms and genetic contributors to sensory processing challenges.
BACKGROUND: Computer Aided Lung Sound Analysis (CALSA) aims to overcome limitations associated with standard lung auscultation by removing the subjective component and allowing quantification of sound characteristics. In this proof-of-concept study, a novel automated approach was evaluated in real patient data by comparing lung sound characteristics to structural and functional imaging biomarkers.
METHODS: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) aged > 5y were recruited in a prospective cross-sectional study. CT scans were analyzed by the CF-CT scoring method and Functional Respiratory Imaging (FRI). A digital stethoscope was used to record lung sounds at six chest locations. Following sound characteristics were determined: expiration-to-inspiration (E/I) signal power ratios within different frequency ranges, number of crackles per respiratory phase and wheeze parameters. Linear mixed-effects models were computed to relate CALSA parameters to imaging biomarkers on a lobar level.
RESULTS: 222 recordings from 25 CF patients were included. Significant associations were found between E/I ratios and structural abnormalities, of which the ratio between 200 and 400 Hz appeared to be most clinically relevant due to its relation with bronchiectasis, mucus plugging, bronchial wall thickening and air trapping on CT. The number of crackles was also associated with multiple structural abnormalities as well as regional airway resistance determined by FRI. Wheeze parameters were not considered in the statistical analysis, since wheezing was detected in only one recording.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first to investigate associations between auscultatory findings and imaging biomarkers, which are considered the gold standard to evaluate the respiratory system. Despite the exploratory nature of this study, the results showed various meaningful associations that highlight the potential value of automated CALSA as a novel non-invasive outcome measure in future research and clinical practice.