anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Rationale: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is very effective in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for improving exercise tolerance and functional capacity, alleviating dyspnea, and improving respiratory quality of life. Access to and use of PR remain poor. Objectives: To assess the trends in PR use and factors associated with PR use in adults with COPD. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the use of PR in adults with COPD using a 20% Medicare beneficiary population from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019. Adults with COPD were identified by 1) two or more outpatient visits >30 days apart within 1 year with an encounter diagnosis of COPD or 2) hospitalization with COPD as the primary diagnosis or a primary diagnosis of acute respiratory failure with a secondary discharge diagnosis of COPD. PR use in each calendar year was identified using Current Procedural Terminology and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes. Factors associated with PR use were tested in bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models. Results: There was a gradual but modest increase in the percentage of patients with COPD using PR; the proportion increased from 2.5% in 2013 to 4.0% in 2019. Overall, the percentage of patients using PR remained low. Factors associated with higher odds of using PR included younger age (66-74 yr), White race, higher socioeconomic status, lower comorbidity score, residence in a metropolitan urban area, and sole or comanagement by a pulmonologist. Conclusions: The use of PR by Medicare beneficiaries with COPD has not changed meaningfully in the past decade and remains low.
In this group a desensitizing gel containing 20% of nano-hydroxyapatite, 9000 ppm of sodium fluoride and 5% of potassium nitrate (Desensibilize Nano P, FGM®, Joinville, SC, Brazil) was applied to the hypersensitive dentin. The GnHAP volunteers will be submitted to the application of Desensibilize Nano P on the vestibular surfaces of hypersensitive teeth with the aid of a Microbrush applicator (Microbrush, 3M ESPE, São Paulo, Brazil) for 10 minutes. Then, a rubber cup (Unid Microdont, São Paulo, SP, Brazil) mounted on a low speed handpiece (Dabi Atlante, Ribeirão Preto, SO, Brazil) was used to scrub the desensitizing gel on teeth for 20 seconds in each tooth, according to the manufacturer's specifications.
Off-the-shelf-Orthotics: Patients in the usual care group will be referred for off -the-shelf triplanar orthoses as indicated by a biomechanical assessment of foot posture while standing / walking on visit 1. The off the shelf orthotic will be provided after taking the baseline measures and orthoses measurements at the baseline session \~ 3 weeks later. The orthoses will be supplied via post and used for a period of 12 weeks.
A composition is disclosed including a composite microbead that has one or more animal cells embedded therein. The composite microbead has a material matrix composed of silk fibroin and a mixture of modified and unmodified alginate. The composite microbead has reduced disintegration by ion exchange when compared with material lacking the modified alginate. The material matrix is ionically and covalently crosslinked. The animal cells can be on-demand released by contact with a calcium chelator and a reducing agent. The microbeads can be made by introducing droplets of a pre-hydrogel solution including the cells into a crosslinking solution. The resulting microbeads provide the animal cells with an enhanced ability to survive elevated pressures, immunocamouflaging, permselectivity against higher molecular weight molecules, protection from harsh chemical environments, and protection from UV radiation.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a transparent emulsion of an oil-in-water type giving skin moisture, useful in treating oily skin and sensitive skin by adding a specific surfactant to an oil-in-water dispersion system. SOLUTION: A silicone surfactant is admixed to an oil-in-water dispersion system including oil particles with an average size of <100nm. The silicone surfactant is particularly a compound of formula I (R1 to R3 are each an alkyl; R4 is H, an alkyl; A is 0-200; B is 0-50), formula II (A is 20-105; B is 2-10; y is 10-20) and formula III (A' and y are each 10-20). The amount of the silicone surfactant is 1-15wt.%, particularly 3-6wt.% based on the total weight of the emulsion. The oil phase is 5-40wt.%, particularly 10-30wt.% based on the whole weight of the emulsion. Moreover, an ionic and amphiphatic lipid may be added.
PURPOSE:To obtain the subject high-purity compound capable of being readily post-treated with hardly any coloring degree by reacting a specific compound with a base in a reaction solution containing water as a solvent. CONSTITUTION:A compound (e.g. 4,4-dibromo-2,5-dihydroxy-3-hexanone) expressed by formula I (both groups R are methyl or either is methyl and the other is ethyl) is reacted with a base (e.g. sodium hydroxide or potassium formate) in an amount of preferably 2.2-3 equiv. in a reaction solution containing water as a solvent to afford the objective compound expressed by formula II. Furthermore, the pH of the aforementioned reaction solution is preferably 5. The reaction temperature is preferably 80-100 deg.C.
Although the potent anti-inflammatory effects of irisin have been documented in various inflammatory disorders, its efficacy against inflammatory pain remains unexplored. Herein, we examined the therapeutic effects of irisin in a mouse model of inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Mice were divided into three groups: normal control, CFA-injected (CFA), and CFA plus irisin-treated (CFA+Irisin). The irisin-treated group exhibited a gradual reduction in mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia when compared with the CFA group. Moreover, treatment with irisin significantly upregulated the expression of M2 macrophage markers (interleukin [IL]-4 and IL-10) and downregulated M1 macrophage markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in the local paw tissue, dorsal root ganglion, and spinal cord tissue. However, there was no significant difference in the total number of F4/80+ macrophages in the paw tissue and dorsal root ganglion, indicating phenotypic exchange. Treatment with irisin also downregulated the expression of the glial cell activation-related markers Iba-1 and GFAP in the spinal cord tissue. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we detected the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88, and interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in paw tissues, dorsal root ganglion, and spinal tissues, revealing that irisin could downregulate the expression of these proteins. Irisin alleviated inflammatory pain by modulating local tissue inflammation and peripheral and central neuroinflammation and reducing glial cell activation and M2 macrophage polarization by modulating the TLR4-MyD88-IRF5 signaling pathway. Accordingly, irisin is a promising candidate for treating inflammatory pain in various diseases.
Prospective, non-randomized, multi-center study of adult subjects referred for echocardiography. Total of 200 enrolled subjects at 3 sites. Up to 10 roll-in subjects per site. Enrolled subjects will undergo: Vivio data capture, Eko stethoscope capture of heart sounds, Standard of care transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). Vivio analysis will not be available to non-Avicena personnel. Recorded sounds from the FDA-approved Eko stethoscope will be presented to an independent expert physician review panel blinded to Vivio and TTE results, to compare diagnosis of severe AS using Eko (auscultation) vs. Vivio (algorithms).
Baraitser-Winter cerebrofrontofacial syndrome (BWCFF) is a variable multiple congenital anomaly condition, typically presenting postnatally with neurocognitive delays, distinctive facial features, cortical brain malformations, and in some, a variety of additional congenital malformations. However, only a few cases have reported the prenatal presentation of this syndrome. Here, we report two cases of BWCFF and their associated prenatal findings. One case presented with non-immune hydrops fetalis and a horseshoe kidney and was found to have a de novo heterozygous variant in ACTB (c.158A>G). The second case presented with gastroschisis, bilateral cleft lip and palate, and oligohydramnios, and was found to harbor a different de novo variant in ACTB (c.826G>A). Limited reports exist describing prenatally identified anomalies that include fetal growth restriction, increased nuchal fold, bilateral hydronephrosis, rocker bottom foot, talipes, cystic hygroma, omphalocele, and hydrops fetalis. In addition, only three of these cases have included detailed prenatal imaging findings. The two prenatal cases presented here demonstrate an expansion of the prenatal phenotype of BWCFF to include gastroschisis, lymphatic involvement, and oligohydramnios, which should each warrant consideration of this diagnosis in the setting of additional anomalies.
Intraoperative opioid-sparing maintenance comprised dexmedetomidine bolus dose of 1 mcg/kg followed by 0.3 mcg/kg/h, propofol 4-8 mg/kg/h and ketamine 25 mg/h for a max of 50 mg during the procedure, targeting bispectral index (BIS) between 45%-60%. The lean body weight will be used for calculation of the drugs.
The present invention provides a drug inspection device and a drug inspection method that are able to achieve efficient inspecting while suppressing mis-determinations in the inspection of a drug. The drug inspection device (10) inspects a drug that is packaged in a packet and is prepared on the basis of prescription information. A drug database (15) contains drug images for drugs that can be prepared. A comparison subject selection means (16) acquires from the drug database (15) drug images for the drug prepared in accordance with the prescription and drugs similar thereto. A drug determination means (13) compares a captured image of the prepared drug to the drug images acquired from the drug database (15), and determines the drug present in the captured image as well as the number of pieces thereof. On the basis of the prescription information, an inspection result determination means (17) determines whether or not the prepared drug and the number of pieces thereof match the prescription information.
PURPOSE:To obtain three-layered liquid suitable for liquid cosmetic by constituting of an oil phase and an aq. phase without causing mixing of two kinds of oil constituting the oil layer with each other and forming spherical bodies of the oil phase in the aq. phase, while maintaining each layer of the oils in separated condition or combining the layers. CONSTITUTION:The three-layered liquid comprises an oil phase 3 and an aq. phase 2, and the oil phase consists of two kinds of oil 4, 5 both having negative spreading coeffts. against the aq. phase. The specific gravity of the oil phase is almost equal to the specific gravity of the aq. phase, or is adjusted to be somewhat heavier. The two kinds of oil constituting the oil phase are not miscible with each other and form spherical bodies 3 of the oil phase by being combined while maintaining each layer. Suitable oils are phosphoric esters, hydrophobic silicone, animal or vegetable oils, etc., and appropriate amts. of org. solvent, or electrolytes such as sodium sulfate, etc. are useful as a mixture. The three-layered liquid is suitable for a base material of liquid cosmetic, and characteristic effect of each oil component can be sufficiently exhibited.
Here we assess whether neuropathic pain hypersensitivity is attenuated by spinal administration of the imidazoline I1-receptor agonist LNP599 and whether the attenuation involves co-activation of α2-adrenoceptors. Spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathy was used to induce mechanical hypersensitivity in male and female rats with a chronic catheter for intrathecal drug administrations. Mechanical sensitivity and heat nociception were assessed behaviorally in the injured limb. Additionally, GTPγS radioligand binding assay, β-arrestin recruitment and intracellular cAMP levels were used for receptor profiling in vitro. LNP599 (imidazoline I1 receptor agonist) and clonidine (α2-adrenoceptor agonist) produced equal dose-related mechanical antihypersensitivity effects in both sexes. LNP599 attenuated heat nociception preferentially in males, while clonidine reduced heat nociception equally in males and females. Carbophenyline (another imidazoline I1 receptor agonist) had no significant effect on mechanical hypersensitivity or heat nociception in males or females. Mechanical antihypersensitivity and heat antinociception induced by LNP599 in SNI males was prevented by pretreatments with yohimbine or atipamezole (two α2-adrenoceptor antagonists) but not by efaroxan (a mixed imidazoline I1 receptor/α2-adrenoceptor antagonist). In vitro assays indicated that LNP599 does not activate α2A- or other subtypes of α2-adrenoceptors. However, LNP599 was a weak partial agonist for 5-HT2B receptors and bound to sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors that all are involved in modulation of spinal nociception. The results indicate that the suppression of neuropathic pain hypersensitivity by LNP599 is not due to action on spinal imidazoline I1 receptors, but rather due to indirect activation of spinal α2-adrenoceptors.
Concomitant oral administration of ketoconazole (a known inhibitor of CYP3A4 activity in the liver and in the intestinal mucosa) caused an 8-fold increase of the systemic exposure to oral budesonide. If treatment with inhibitors of CYP3A4 activity (such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir, indinavir, saquinavir, erythromycin, etc.) is indicated, reduction of the budesonide dose should be considered. After extensive intake of grapefruit juice (which inhibits CYP3A4 activity predominantly in the intestinal mucosa), the systemic exposure for oral budesonide increased about two times. Ingestion of grapefruit or grapefruit juice should be avoided in connection with budesonide administration [ ]. see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)
We examined the extent to which apnoea-induced extremes of oxygen demand/carbon dioxide production impact redox regulation of cerebral bioenergetic function. Ten ultra-elite apnoeists (six men and four women) performed two maximal dry apnoeas preceded by normoxic normoventilation, resulting in severe end-apnoea hypoxaemic hypercapnia, and hyperoxic hyperventilation designed to ablate hypoxaemia, resulting in hyperoxaemic hypercapnia. Transcerebral exchange of ascorbate radicals (by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy) and nitric oxide metabolites (by tri-iodide chemiluminescence) were calculated as the product of global cerebral blood flow (by duplex ultrasound) and radial arterial (a) to internal jugular venous (v) concentration gradients. Apnoea duration increased from 306 ± 62 s during hypoxaemic hypercapnia to 959 ± 201 s in hyperoxaemic hypercapnia (P ≤ 0.001). Apnoea generally increased global cerebral blood flow (all P ≤ 0.001) but was insufficient to prevent a reduction in the cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen and glucose (P = 0.015-0.044). This was associated with a general net cerebral output (v > a) of ascorbate radicals that was greater in hypoxaemic hypercapnia (P = 0.046 vs. hyperoxaemic hypercapnia) and coincided with a selective suppression in plasma nitrite uptake (a > v) and global cerebral blood flow (P = 0.034 to <0.001 vs. hyperoxaemic hypercapnia), implying reduced consumption and delivery of nitric oxide consistent with elevated cerebral oxidative-nitrosative stress. In contrast, we failed to observe equidirectional gradients consistent with S-nitrosohaemoglobin consumption and plasma S-nitrosothiol delivery during apnoea (all P ≥ 0.05). Collectively, these findings highlight a key catalytic role for hypoxaemic hypercapnia in cerebral oxidative-nitrosative stress. KEY POINTS: Local sampling of blood across the cerebral circulation in ultra-elite apnoeists determined the extent to which severe end-apnoea hypoxaemic hypercapnia (prior normoxic normoventilation) and hyperoxaemic hypercapnia (prior hyperoxic hyperventilation) impact free radical-mediated nitric oxide bioavailability and global cerebral bioenergetic function. Apnoea generally increased the net cerebral output of free radicals and suppressed plasma nitrite consumption, thereby reducing delivery of nitric oxide consistent with elevated oxidative-nitrosative stress. The apnoea-induced elevation in global cerebral blood flow was insufficient to prevent a reduction in the cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen and glucose. Cerebral oxidative-nitrosative stress was greater during hypoxaemic hypercapnia compared with hyperoxaemic hypercapnia and coincided with a lower apnoea-induced elevation in global cerebral blood flow, highlighting a key catalytic role for hypoxaemia. This applied model of voluntary human asphyxia might have broader implications for the management and treatment of neurological diseases characterized by extremes of oxygen demand and carbon dioxide production.
Nanoplastics (NPs) are widely distributed environmental pollutants that can disrupt intestinal immunity of crustaceans. In this study, the effects of NPs on gut immune enzyme activities, cell morphology, apoptosis, and microbiota diversity of Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated. L. vannamei was exposed to five concentrations of NPs (0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mg/L) for 28 days. The results showed that higher concentrations of NPs damaged the intestinal villi, promoted formation of autophagosomes, increased intestinal non-specific immunoenzyme activities, and significantly increased apoptosis at 10 mg/L. In response to exposure to NPs, the expression levels of ATG3, ATG4, ATG12, Caspase-3, p53, and TNF initially increased and then decreased. In addition, the concentration of NPs was negatively correlated to the expression levels of the genes of interest and intestinal enzyme activities, suggesting that exposure to NPs inhibited apoptosis and immune function. The five dominant phyla of the gut microbiota (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Actinomycetes) were similar among groups exposed to different concentrations of NPs, but the abundances tended to differ. Notably, exposure to NPs increased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. These results confirm that exposure to NPs negatively impacted intestinal immune function of L. vannamei. These findings provide useful references for efficient breeding of L. vannamei.
A vaccine which interrupts malaria transmission (VIMT) is a critical tool to achieve the ultimate goal of eradication of this disease. VIMTs work by inducing humoral responses in vaccinated individuals that inhibit the development of malaria parasites in the mosquito, and combined humoral and cellular responses that inhibit the establishment of infection in humans. Overall efficacy of these vaccines is evaluated by measuring reduction of infection and clinical cases among vaccinees and the parasite infectivity to mosquitoes, (human-to-mosquito transmissibility), before and after vaccination, and with or without vaccination. One of the candidate VIMTs, the PfSPZ Vaccine, is currently being tested in Mali for safety, tolerance, and immunogenicity.

The objective of this Feeding Assay Protocol is to explore the effect of the PfSPZ Vaccine, on interrupting human-to-mosquito transmission. Individuals from the the PfSPZ Vaccine trial in 2014 who also consent to be enrolled in this Feeding Assay Protocol will be eligible to participate in procedures including direct skin feeds (DSF) and experimental huts (EH). The human-to-mosquito transmission will be evaluated by examining the presence of malaria parasites in the midgut of mosquitoes fed on study participants. The human-to-mosquito transmission by DSF and EH assay methods will be analyzed for potential correlation.
he preparation of any compound of the following generic structure: (chemical formula) wherein: R1 and R2 are substituents described in the main text. Cycl- is a group represented by either of the following formulae: (chemical formulas) wherein: R3 to R8, X and Y are substituents described in the main text. The dashed bond represents a bond selected from the group consisting of consequetive carbon-carbon double bond. The above described compounds may be used for the treatment of cancer. The preparation method consists of coupling of the amine group of phosphinyl glycine ester with the carboxylic group of an aminoacid, and the successively coupling of the above formed compound with the formyl-Cycl derivative. Finally the deprotection of theaminoacid and the formation of dehydro-diketopiperazine employing mild alkaline conditions. The method is extended for the preparation of individual derivatives or libraries of dehydro-diketopiperazines described from the general formula I, employing a solid supported phosphonate of the general formula (chemical formula) wherein: Res, Prot and R is described in the main text.
BACKGROUND: Endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis and proliferation of apoptosis-resistant cells is a hallmark of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Yet, why some ECs die and others proliferate and how this contributes to vascular remodeling is unclear. We hypothesized that this differential response may: (1) relate to different EC subsets, namely pulmonary artery (PAECs) versus microvascular ECs (MVECs); (2) be attributable to autophagic activation in both EC subtypes; and (3) cause replacement of MVECs by PAECs with subsequent distal vessel muscularization.
METHODS: EC subset responses to chronic hypoxia were assessed by single-cell RNA sequencing of murine lungs. Proliferative versus apoptotic responses, activation, and role of autophagy were assessed in human and rat PAECs and MVECs, and in precision-cut lung slices of wild-type mice or mice with endothelial deficiency in the autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7EN-KO). Abundance of PAECs versus MVECs in precapillary microvessels was assessed in lung tissue from patients with PH and animal models on the basis of structural or surface markers.
RESULTS: In vitro and in vivo, PAECs proliferated in response to hypoxia, whereas MVECs underwent apoptosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses support these findings in that hypoxia induced an antiapoptotic, proliferative phenotype in arterial ECs, whereas capillary ECs showed a propensity for cell death. These distinct responses were prevented in hypoxic Atg7EN-KO mice or after ATG7 silencing, yet replicated by autophagy stimulation. In lung tissue from mice, rats, or patients with PH, the abundance of PAECs in precapillary arterioles was increased, and that of MVECs reduced relative to controls, indicating replacement of microvascular by macrovascular ECs. EC replacement was prevented by genetic or pharmacological inhibition of autophagy in vivo. Conditioned medium from hypoxic PAECs yet not MVECs promoted pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in a platelet-derived growth factor-dependent manner. Autophagy inhibition attenuated PH development and distal vessel muscularization in preclinical models.
CONCLUSIONS: Autophagic activation by hypoxia induces in parallel PAEC proliferation and MVEC apoptosis. These differential responses cause a progressive replacement of MVECs by PAECs in precapillary pulmonary arterioles, thus providing a macrovascular context that in turn promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, ultimately driving distal vessel muscularization and the development of PH.