anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the maximum tolerated dose of aminopterin in patients with refractory leukemia and minimal previous exposure to antifolate agents. II. Determine the antileukemic activity of aminopterin in adults and children with acute myelogenous and acute lymphoblastic leukemia for whom conventional therapy has failed. III. Confirm that aminopterin can be administered for four consecutive weeks when followed with minimal leucovorin calcium rescue and determine the minimal amount of leucovorin calcium required for each patient. IV. Confirm bioavailability data on oral aminopterin by performing limited sampling pharmacokinetics. V. Correlate blast uptake of aminopterin in vitro with clinical response.

OUTLINE: This is an open label study. Patients are stratified according to age and type of leukemia: Stratum I: Under 20 years old with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in second or greater relapse Stratum II: Greater than 20 years old with ALL in first or greater relapse Stratum III: Patients of any age with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in first or greater relapse Patients receive aminopterin every 12 hours for 2 doses weekly for 4 weeks. Aminopterin is administered intravenously over 20 minutes for the first, second, and fourth doses, and orally for the third dose. The fifth and all subsequent doses are administered orally if bioavailability is acceptable. Patients receive oral leucovorin calcium every 12 hours for 2 doses beginning 24 hours after the last dose of aminopterin each week. If toxicity is limited for 2 consecutive weeks, the dose of leucovorin calcium is decreased to 1 dose administered 24 hours after the last dose of aminopterin each week. If this schedule is tolerated for 2 consecutive weeks, then leucovorin calcium is discontinued. Patients continue therapy for up to 15 months in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients are followed every 6 months.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: This study will accrue a maximum of 25 patients per stratum, for a total of 75 patients, within 3 years.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an antitumor substance having a selective antiproliferating activity against tumor cells. SOLUTION: This antitumor substance is derived from a medicinal plant (for example, Artemisia princeps, Taraxacum officinale, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum arvense, Prunus donarium, Prunus yedoensis or Pteridium aquilinum). (1) A high molecular active substance in the antitumor substance has the following characteristics: the high molecular active substance has a mol.wt. of >=3,500 measured using a dialysis membrane, is salted out with a 90% ammonium sulfate solution, and is deactivated by a thermal treatment. (2) A low molecular active substance in the antitumor substance has the following characteristics: the low molecular active substance has a mol.wt. of <=3,500 measured using a dialysis membrane, is extracted with an organic solvent, is a neutral or acidic substance, and can be developed and separated by use of a HPTLC using a proper solvent system.
Patients with ADPKD are still in need for a well-tolerated treatment that can be used long-term to prevent cyst growth and kidney function decline. Metformin has a long track record of a low risk-to-benefit profile in patients with diabetes or at risk for diabetes. Metformin inhibits two key processes responsible for the growth of polycystic kidneys, i.e. fluid secretion and cell proliferation, as shown in cell cultures and animal models of ADPKD. Experiments in animal models of chronic kidney disease demonstrate that metformin administration prevents kidney fibrosis and preserves kidney function. Diabetic patients who are treated with metformin appear to develop less kidney failure and live longer than patients who are treated with other anti-diabetic medications. Therefore this drug is promising for people with ADPKD, with the potential to slow cyst enlargement and preserve kidney function.
Single oral dose of placebo given in cohorts 1-5. Multiple oral doses of placebo given once daily for 21 days in cohorts 6-8 and twice daily for 21 days in cohort 10.
Patients complete an initial online questionnaire lasting about 25-30 minutes. Patients complete an internet-delivered PA program during weeks 3-8. Each week consists of didactic material and 20-30 minutes of daily online exercises.
Dihydrocodeine bitartrate and its active metabolite, morphine, are present in human milk. There are published studies and cases that have reported excessive sedation, respiratory depression, and death in infants exposed to codeine via breast milk. Women who are ultra-rapid metabolizers of dihydrocodeine achieve higher than expected serum levels of morphine, potentially leading to higher levels of morphine in breast milk that can be dangerous in their breastfed infants. In women with normal dihydrocodeine metabolism (normal CYP2D6 activity), the amount of dihydrocodeine secreted into human milk is low and dose-dependent.

There is no information on the effects of the dihydrocodeine on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions, including excess sedation, respiratory depression, and death in a breastfed infant, advise patients that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate [see WARNINGS].

Clinical Considerations

If infants are exposed to Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate through breast milk, they should be monitored for excess sedation and respiratory depression. Withdrawal symptoms can occur in breastfed infants when maternal administration of an opioid analgesic is stopped, or when breast-feeding is stopped.

Acetaminophen and caffeine are also excreted in breast milk in small amounts. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from this combination product, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
A method for preparing water-soluble melanin comprises water extraction of the minced melanin-containing herbal raw material with simultaneous cavitation. The extraction is performed at the temperature of 50-80 °C at mass ratio of water to raw material assuring for the maximal recovery of melanin. The extract obtained is loaded into reactor designed as crystal hydrate column of selective adsorption. The previously selected fluoroalkane is added. The selection is provided by the solubility of melanin in fluoroalkane depending on the specific raw material. The crystals are separated from the liquid and then melted.
An enzymic material, known as erepsin, is extracted from glandular, intestinal and like animal matter, by first treating the animal matter with a water-miscible solvent boiling not above 100 DEG  C. in such quantity that its concentration in the mixture is not less than 60 per cent whereby the cells are disrupted but the enzyme is not dissolved, and then treating with the same kind of solvent at a concentration of 12-20 per cent to dissolve the enzyme, for instance by incompletely removing the strong solvent and adding the requisite quantity of water.  The enzyme is separated from the extract by adding enough strong solvent to bring the concentration to above 60 per cent, and the precipitated enzyme is then dried.  The drying may be effected partially below 20 DEG  C. and completed above that temperature.  Suitable solvents are acetone and ethyl and methyl alcohols, methyl ethyl ketone and azeotropic mixtures of acetone with any of these other solvents. The initial material may be intestinal material, preferably mucosa.  Specifications 561,204, [Group VI], and 561,334 are referred to.
This study investigates the impact of marriage on the body mass index (BMI) of individuals aged 18-45 in China. We used data from ten rounds of the China Health and Nutrition Survey spanning from 1989 to 2015, and applied Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to examine the impact of marriage on BMI. Our findings reveal that marriage has a significant positive effect on BMI, especially among males, with post-marriage elevation of male BMI continuing to increase over time. Moreover, marriage is associated with a 5.2% increase in the prevalence of overweight and a 2.5% rise in the incidence of obesity among males. While energy intake levels for Chinese women did not undergo significant changes after marriage, nor did their energy expenditure levels, men experienced a marked alteration in energy balance, characterized by an increase in caloric intake and a decrease in physical activity. Furthermore, our study confirms significant period differences in the effect of marriage on BMI, with post-marriage elevation of male BMI continuing to rise over time. In contrast, there was no clear trend for female BMI after marriage. Our research highlights the importance of promoting physical fitness and health management within families while fostering intimate relationships through marriage. Public health policies should consider the potential impact of marriage as an intervention window for addressing individuals' weight management needs. Distinct post-marriage body management plans should be designed for both genders.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain IL-6 useful as an ingredient for antitumor agents by cultur ing an epithelioma cell capable of producing the IL-6 in a serum-free culture medium containing IL-α, IFN, TNF, lipopolysaccharide, etc., and then collecting the product. SOLUTION: This IL-6 which is a B cell-stimulating factor acting on B-cells to induce the production of an antibody and which is useful as an ingredient for antitumor agents comprises culturing an epithelioma cell [for example, KB cell strain (ATCC CCL 17) capable of permanently producing the IL-6] in a serum-free culture medium containing a substance selected from IL-1α, IFN, TNF, and lipopolysaccharides and then collecting the IL-6 from the culture solution. The IL-6 is singly used or combined with one or more antitumor active substances such as a platinum compound, e.g. cisplatin, cytokine, e.g. TNF-α or IFN, antibiotics e.g. actinomycin D or mitomycin C, to obtain a highly active antitumor agent.
PURPOSE: A pharmaceutical composition containing Sargassum fulvellum extract is provided to enhance bone resorption index and to prevent and treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for preventing, relieving, and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis contains Sargassum fulvellum extract as an active ingredient. The extract is prepared using water, alcohol of C1-C4, or a mixture thereof. The composition is manufactured in the form of powder, tablet, capsule, injection or liquid. A health food for preventing, relieving, or treating postmenopausal osteoporosis contains the Sargassum fulvellum extract as an active ingredient. The health functional food is manufactured in the form of powder, tablet, capsule, injection, liquid, or dairy product.
In allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients, early reductions of absolute lung volume and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) are frequently detected even in the absence of overt idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS)\[PMID: 22221781\]. Two months after allo-HSCT, we have recently shown an increase in lung tissue density determined by quantitative CT scan \[PMID: 22898044\]. It can be hypothesized that these parenchymal changes might be due to an occult intersitial lung disease associated with infections, acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (aGvHD), myeloablative conditioning regimens or any combination of these \[PMID: 21531955\]. To test this hypothesis, we will simultaneously measure the lung diffusing capacity for nitric oxide (DLNO) and DLCO. Assuming, for clinical purposes, that the reaction rate of NO with blood hemoglobin is infinite so that DLNO = DMNO = DMCO\*alpha (alpha = NO/CO diffusivity ratio), as to partition the effect of HSCT on membrane diffusing capacity (DM) and pulmonary capillary volume (Vc) we will use the DLNO/DLCO ratio \[PMID:16478855\]. As we hypothesize that GHVD should be intuitively absent amongst autologous HSCT (auto-HSCT) recipients, we will compare the changes in DLNO/DLCO ratio showed by the latter group with those of subjects undergoing allo-HSCT.
The invention provides a method for preparing a traditional Chinese medicine for treating liver-qi attacking stomach type gastritis, which belongs to the traditional Chinese medicine preparation method technical field. Currently, ranitidine is taken as a medicine for treating liver-qi attacking stomach type gastritis which may cause certain adverse reaction. The technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps: weighting trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, bulbus allii macrostemi, tangerine seed, orange peel, orange, Chinese buckeye seed, tobacco, citron, nutgrass galingale rhizome, magnolia bark, lychee seed, lychee, radish seed, papaya, iris, carrot, buckwheat, medicated leaven, cydonia oblonga mill and licorice, immersing the above traditional Chinese medicines in water, then decocting by slow fire and filtering to remove slag. The decocted liquid medicine is the traditional Chinese medicine for treating liver-qi attacking stomach type gastritis. The traditional Chinese medicine for treating liver-qi attacking stomach type gastritis has the advantages of simple method, small toxic and side effect of prepared liquid medicine, short treatment course and high cure rate. The sovereign drug, minister drug, assistant drug and envoy drug are suitable in combination. The adverse reaction, anaphylactic reaction and toxic reaction caused by the western medicines can be avoided while the traditional Chinese medicine of the invention is used.
BACKGROUND: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic medical condition with no specific pharmacological treatment. Creatine, a nutrient essential for maintaining energy homeostasis in the cells, is a candidate for interventions in ME/CFS.
METHODS: Fourteen participants with ME/CFS received supplementation with 16 g creatine monohydrate for 6 weeks. Before starting creatine and on the last day of treatment, participants underwent brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) scanning of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), followed by symptom, cognition, and hand-grip strength assessments.
RESULTS: Eleven participants completed the study. Creatine treatment increased creatine concentration in both the pgACC and DLPFC (p = 0.004 and 0.012, respectively), decreased fatigue and reaction time (RT) on congruent and incongruent trials of the Stroop test (p = 0.036 and 0.014, respectively), and increased hand-grip strength (p = 0.0004). There was a positive correlation between increases in pgACC creatine and changes in RT on Stroop congruent and incongruent trials (p = 0.048 and p = 0.022, respectively). Creatine was well tolerated, and none of the participants stopped treatment.
CONCLUSION: Creatine supplementation over six weeks in ME/CFS patients increased brain creatine and improved fatigue and some aspects of cognition. Despite its methodological limitations, this study encourages placebo-controlled investigations of creatine treatment in ME/CFS.
Destabilising viral quasi-species distributions while avoiding resistance phenomena by replication of the nucleic acids of the viruses in the distribution by means of a defective replication system, (a) where the defective replication system has a greater nucleotide miscopy rate than the viral wild-type replication system and where the viruses are replicated at least as efficiently by the replication system with the higher miscopy rate as by the replication system of the wild-type virus, (b) and/or negatively affecting the replication of the consensus sequence (nucleic acid sequence of the wild-type virus) in relation to other replicable nucleic acids. Pref. the replication systems are RNA or DNA polymerases or their cofactors. The defective replication of the viral nucleic acids may be induced by a chemical substance, esp. an antimetabolite or an allosteric effector of the replication system. Alternatively, the defective replication system may be a variant of a natural mutant spectrum of the quasi-species or a mutant produced by mutagenesis.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease, considered to be one of the major national diseases that cause suffering for affected patients and costs for society.The predominant symptoms are pain, stiffness and impaired quality of life, often together with psychological distress. Treatment often consists of medication. Later in the disease, when the joint is destroyed, joint replacement surgery commonly occurs. Physical exercises aimed to increase muscle strength, endurance, proprioception and stability have proved to influence cartilage as well as function, symptoms and quality of life positively. Physical exercise may also reduce the need for hospital care after knee joint replacement.Research suggests that patient education is feasible and valuable in terms of improvements in quality of life, in function, in well-being and improved coping . Accordingly, guidelines recommend education and exercise as a core treatment for osteoarthritis.

Since 1994, Primary Health Care in Malmö has used a patient education programme directed towards OA.The program does not include exercise. In 2007-09 a study was made to investigate this education program.The study showed improvements in self-perceived health and in a few functional tests but not in self-efficacy.
Dynamic tracking of user-based activity is provided as a function of information received from a plurality of data sources. Tracking of user activity information via a first application occurs correlated to steps taken by a user over a period of time. A health score associated with the user is presented in a GUI. Further, communication with a second application occurs during gameplay. Moreover, the at least one computing device is configured to combine, using the first application, the tracked user activity information with at least a portion of the user interaction information into an activity value. The computing device updates the health score using the activity value. Still further, the computing device is configured to store the updated health score in association with a record concerning the user, and to cause a notification on the mobile computing device of the updated health score when the first application is not executing.
The current study is part of a larger project called the CalGo-project. The overall purpose of the study is to use bone meal from salmon to promote skeletal health. Specifically, the effect of salmon bone meal on bone mass density among perimenopausal women (age ≥ 50 years) with osteopenia is investigated over a time period of 2 years. Salmon bone meal is composed of a natural microcrystalline hydroxyapatite form of calcium and phosphorus, collagen type 2. Past literature on mammalian sources of bone meal has indicated that this form of calcium is superior in terms of preserving bone mass density compared to traditional calcium supplements. Preserving bone mass is essential to reduce the risk of future fragility fractures. Osteopenia is a condition of reduced bone mass density and bone quality which can indicate the later onset of clinical osteoporosis. Both are conditions associated with a significant risk of fragility fractures, which are a major global health burden.

Bone mass density is measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Markers of bone formation P1NP and CTX-1 will be measured in serum samples of participants. 100 potential participants will be screened for eligibility. Participants who meet the eligibility criteria will be randomized in a double-blind manner to receive 4 capsules daily of salmon bone meal enriched with Vitamin D3 per capsule.
The objective of this pilot study is to investigate possible dopaminergic mechanisms underlying the placebo response in MDD.

We expect that mesolimbic DA mechanisms implicated in reward anticipation, reinforcement learning, and expectation play a critical role in mediating placebo responses in MDD. A better understanding of the neurobiological basis of placebo has enormous potential on different levels. On a clinical level, the understanding of placebo mechanisms could lead to a number of applications for therapeutic purposes, such as developing drugs that could enhance the effects of a therapeutic relationship or accelerate the onset of action of an antidepressant by manipulating the placebo-related mechanisms, even if the patient is hopeless or severely anhedonic. On a level of clinical trial innovation, if we confirm the role of dopamine in placebo response and we comprehend how the placebo response mechanistically takes place, this could lead to developing new drugs that could block the placebo effects in clinical trial participants and greatly decrease if not eliminate the placebo effect nested even in those subject who are drug responders, therefore increasing the effect size and decreasing the sample size of studies. Moreover if we can identify biosignatures of placebo effect and use them to predict response, we could potentially enrich samples with subjects who are less likely to be placebo responders and again this would result in increased signal detection in a clinical trial. Finally, with this initial study we plan to lay the foundation for other studies to investigate how this dopaminergic circuitry is affected by other treatments, such as psychotherapy, and what are the changes that are similar or different between antidepressants, placebo and specific forms of psychotherapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy or deep brain stimulation.
NEW MATERIAL:A compound expressed by formula I (R1 and R2 are H, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkyloxy, nitro, etc.; R3 and R4 are H, halogen, lower alkyl or lower alkyloxy). EXAMPLE:4-( 4-Chlorophenylaminomethyl )-2-(2,4-dichlorphenyl)-2-(1H-imidazole-1- ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane. USE:An antifungal agent useful as a medicine for human bodies and animals. PREPARATION:A compound expressed by formula II (X is a functional group substitutive with an aniline derivative expressed by formula III) is reacted with the aniline derivative expressed by formula III, and the resultant product is isolated by the conventional method to afford the aimed compound expressed by formula I. The reactive functional group in the compound expressed by formula IIincludes halogen, lower alkylsulfonyloxy, etc.