anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
FIELD: experimental medicine. SUBSTANCE: according to prototype method, wound surface was closed by porous film made of synthetic plastics containing immobilized medicinal preparations. Exudate and tissues degradation products get accumulated below film, while granulation process is disturbed by removing film bandage, and this represents disadvantages of prototype method. Inventive novelty of method resides in fact that wound surface is placed in to 0.9% table salt solution subjected to periodical replacement (2-4 times daily). Table salt solution contributes to active cleaning of wound and promotes regeneration of external integument. Solution can provide basis for water-soluble medicine preparations. Replacement of solution does not interfere with granulation process, is painless and is technically easily feasible. Table salt solution in 0.9%-concentration is very cheap easy to prepare. EFFECT: reduced cost and higher simplicity.
PCT No. PCT/GB87/00466 Sec. 371 Date Feb. 24, 1989 Sec. 102(e) Date Feb. 24, 1989 PCT Filed Jul. 2, 1987 PCT Pub. No. WO88/00204 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 14, 1988.A competitor for human Immunoglobulin E (IgE) comprises a polypeptide which has a core sequence of seventy-six amino acids which is shown, together with the corresponding DNA sequence coding therefor, in FIG. 2. This amino acid sequence, numbered 1 to 76, corresponds to amino acids 301 to 376 of the epsilon heavy cain of IgE. The polypeptide may also include additional short sequences at the beginning and/or end of the core sequence which are physiologically harmless and do not contribute to the ability of the core sequence to bind compete with native IgE for the high-affinity receptor sites on human cells. The polypeptide is indicated for the treatment of Type I hypersensitivity reactions such as hay fever. The polypeptide may be produced synthetically or by expression from Escherichia coli containing a plasmid having a DNA segment coding for the polypeptide.
Patients in the treatment arm with weight between 35 kg to 50 kg will receive 50 mg capsule of curcumin twice a day (maximum dose 2.8 mg/kg/day, which is within the GRAS approved dose) and those over 50 kg in weight will receive three curcumin capsules a day (maximum dose 3 mg/kg/day, within GRAS recommended dose). Study duration will be 8 weeks.
The safety and effectiveness of EOHILIA for 12 weeks of treatment for EoE have been established in pediatric patients 11 years of age and older. Use of EOHILIA for this indication is supported by adequate and well controlled studies in adults and pediatric subjects 11 years of age and older (Studies 1 and 2) with pharmacokinetic data in pediatric subjects aged 11 to 17 years of age. In Studies 1 and 2, the safety of EOHILIA in pediatric subjects 11 to 17 years of age was similar to the safety profile in adults [see Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), and Clinical Studies (14)].

Systemic effects such as hypercorticism and adrenal axis suppression may occur with use of corticosteroids, including EOHILIA [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Adverse Reactions (6.1), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. 

Use of corticosteroids may cause a reduction of growth velocity in pediatric patients. Monitor the growth of pediatric patients on EOHILIA. The recommended duration of treatment with EOHILIA is 12 weeks [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. 

The safety and effectiveness of EOHILIA in pediatric patients less than 11 years of age have not been established.

Juvenile Animal Toxicity Data

In a juvenile rat study, budesonide was administered orally at doses of 0.05, 0.2, 0.6, and 1.5 mg/kg/day starting on postnatal day (PND) 22 for 91 consecutive days. All of the effects noted were associated with the pharmacology of the drug and manifested in a dose related manner, typical of corticosteroids. These included decreased body weight gain, adrenal atrophy, and effects on bone (decreased cellularity and bone length) and lymphoid tissues (decreased cellularity). The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in juvenile rats was determined to be the 0.05 mg/kg/day. Plasma exposure (AUC) in rats at the NOAEL (0.05 mg/kg/day) was lower (approximately 0.8 times) than that in pediatric subjects (11 years to 17 years of age) at the MRHD.

In a juvenile toxicity study in dogs, budesonide was orally administered at doses of 0.05, 0.2, and 0.6 mg/kg/day (starting at approximately 7 weeks of age) for 91 consecutive days. The observations were dose-related and consistent with corticosteroid treatment. The effects included decreased body weight gain, distended abdomen and swelling associated with inguinal hernias, lymphocytic and leukocytic changes, adrenal atrophy, depletion in lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen, thymus), and effects on skeletal development (decreased cellularity in bone marrow, bone growth, and skeletal muscle atrophy). The incidence and severity of the majority of the pharmacologically mediated effects decreased or resolved completely following the recovery period. A NOAEL could not be defined in juvenile dogs. Plasma exposure (AUC) at the lowest dose tested (0.05 mg/kg/day) was lower (approximately 0.4 times) than that in pediatric subjects (11 years to 17 years of age) at the MRHD.
An apparatus includes a source and a detector. The source is operable to transmit light. The detector is operable to receive at least a portion of the light transmitted by the source. The source and the detector can be positioned on a nail of a digit such that the light enters the nail through an entrance region. The light further exits the nail through an exit region. The entrance region is defined by a lateral portion of the nail. The light is directed to interact with at least one analyte.
Montelukast is rapidly absorbed following oral administration. After administration of the 10-mg film-coated tablet to fasted adults, the mean peak montelukast plasma concentration (Cmax) is achieved in 3 to 4 hours (Tmax). The mean oral bioavailability is 64%. The oral bioavailability and Cmax are not influenced by a standard meal in the morning. 

For the 5-mg chewable tablet, the mean Cmax is achieved in 2 to 2.5 hours after administration to adults in the fasted state. The mean oral bioavailability is 73% in the fasted state versus 63% when administered with a standard meal in the morning. 

For the 4-mg chewable tablet, the mean Cmax is achieved 2 hours after administration in pediatric patients 2 to 5 years of age in the fasted state. 

The 4-mg oral granule formulation is bioequivalent to the 4-mg chewable tablet when administered to adults in the fasted state. The co-administration of the oral granule formulation with applesauce did not have a clinically significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of montelukast. A high fat meal in the morning did not affect the AUC of montelukast oral granules; however, the meal decreased Cmax by 35% and prolonged Tmax from 2.3 ± 1.0 hours to 6.4 ± 2.9 hours. 

The safety and efficacy of SINGULAIR in patients with asthma were demonstrated in clinical trials in which the 10-mg film-coated tablet and 5-mg chewable tablet formulations were administered in the evening without regard to the time of food ingestion. The safety of SINGULAIR in patients with asthma was also demonstrated in clinical trials in which the 4-mg chewable tablet and 4-mg oral granule formulations were administered in the evening without regard to the time of food ingestion. The safety and efficacy of SINGULAIR in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were demonstrated in clinical trials in which the 10-mg film-coated tablet was administered in the morning or evening without regard to the time of food ingestion. 

The comparative pharmacokinetics of montelukast when administered as two 5-mg chewable tablets versus one 10-mg film-coated tablet have not been evaluated.
Participants (healthy untrained men and women, age 18-40) will conduct 10-week RT intervention and a 10-week DT period and the exact same 10-week RT intervention again. RT consists of two training sessions per week of total body workouts.
A punctal plug for delivering an active agent is provided to hold a contact state with tears of eyes by preventing a slip toward the lower side of a lacrimal calculus by a collarette. A punctal plug for delivering an active agent(18) has a body(10) comprising a first end portion, a second end portion, and a lateral side extended between two end portions. The entire body contains at least one active agent. The body is partially water-soluble or biodegradable, is dissolved as the time is passed, and emits an active agent as the body is dissolved. Or, the body is made of water insoluble and non-biodegradable polymer material. The active agent is passively diffused from the body. A portion of the lateral side has an outer diameter larger than that of the rest part of the lateral side. A side expanded portion holds the punctal plug in inserting the punctal plug into a lacrimal calculus.
Specimens will be collected by venipuncture at 3 time points, including baseline (time 0), after one week of biotin supplementation (time 1, day 7), and then one week later (time 2, day 14). The time 1 specimen will be drawn approximately 2 hours after the last ingested dose of biotin on day 7. Specimen collection will include three 10 ml red top (no gel) tubes at each timepoint.

Specimens will be separated for isolation of serum using routine methods of the clinical chemistry laboratory. Serum will be stored at -80 degrees C until batch measurements as described Measurements Biotin levels will be measured on each sample. Hormone measurements will be performed using specific commercially available streptavidin-biotin assays and using different analyzers as indicated below. Immunoassay methods, not employing biotin-streptavidin methodology, will be used for negative assay controls.
Patients in the control group will attend physical therapy one to two sessions per week for up to 4 weeks for a total of 6 sessions. Each treatment session will last for a total of 45 minutes. A standardized physical therapy program will be used and will include soft tissue mobilization to the shoulder and biceps tendon and a standardized exercise program. Dry needling nor heavy slow load exercise will not be integrated into the "control" plan of care.
Metazoan animals rely on oxygen for survival, but during normal development and homeostasis, animals are often challenged by hypoxia (low oxygen). In metazoans, many of the critical hypoxia responses are mediated by the evolutionarily conserved hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). The stability and activity of HIF complexes are strictly regulated. In the model organism C. elegans, HIF-1 stability and activity are negatively regulated by VHL-1, EGL-9, RHY-1 and SWAN-1. Importantly, C. elegans mutants carrying strong loss-of-function mutations in these genes are viable, and this provides opportunities to interrogate the molecular consequences of persistent HIF-1 over-activation. We find that the genome-wide gene expression patterns are compellingly similar in these mutants, supporting models in which RHY-1, VHL-1 and EGL-9 function in common pathway(s) to regulate HIF-1 activity. These studies illuminate the diversified biological roles played by HIF-1, including metabolism and stress response. Genes regulated by persistent HIF-1 over-activation overlap with genes responsive to pathogens, and they overlap with genes regulated by DAF-16. As crucial stress regulators, HIF-1 and DAF-16 converge on key stress-responsive genes and function synergistically to enable hypoxia survival.
The goal of this research is to empirically assess the three year immediate effects and 12 year follow-up of the CATCH My Breath (CMB) program on delaying the onset of e-cigarette use with a 6th-9th grade cohort, using a 20-school group randomized controlled trial (RCT), with 1,400 students. E-cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product by US youth. Recent research, strongly suggests that youth who only smoke e-cigarettes exhibit symptoms of addiction, and are more likely to experiment combustible tobacco. Unfortunately, few e-cigarette prevention programs exist, and none have been tested for longer-term efficacy. Although some tobacco prevention programs have included an e-cigarette add -on component, to our knowledge, none of these revised programs have been formally evaluated. The lack of e-cigarette specific program content, and lack of rigorous evaluation, warrants the proposed project. CMB was developed with input from school administrators, health education coordinators, tobacco prevention educators, classroom teachers, students, and parents. CMB has been formatively evaluated and pilot tested at 59 middle schools in 7 states, resulting in positive feedback from over 100 middle school teachers and 9,578 6th-8th grade students. Our second pilot pretest-posttest controlled experiment (2017-2018), and resulted in an treatment-control difference of 3.8% in ever smoking over a 16-month period. Given CMB's current popularity with schools as a 'best practice' program, and with initial positive results, a full scale randomized control trial is needed to determine longer term, 6th-9th grade efficacy.
The SHADES intervention is a 6-month, modernized, collaborative care intervention in which a multidisciplinary team delivers established insomnia treatments consistent with patient preference. It uses a stepped, flexible, treat-to-target approach that harnesses technology to maximize access to and convenience of effective treatments and to minimize personnel, training, and space requirements. Our Intervention Team consists of an insomnia clinical specialist, a clinical behavioral sleep medicine and CBT-I delivery expert, a sleep research/medicine expert, and the patients' primary care providers. Treatments to be delivered are CBT-I in different modalities - internet, phone, and face-to-face - all of which are empirically supported.
Autoimmune liver diseases are rare serious diseases causing chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the liver parenchyma and bile ducts. Yet, the prevalence and burden of autoimmune liver diseases are largely unexplored in Arctic native populations. We investigated the prevalence and management of autoimmune liver diseases in Greenland using nationwide cross-sectional register data and subsequent medical chart reviews validating diagnoses and extracting liver histology examinations and medical treatments. The overall prevalence of autoimmune liver diseases in Greenland was 24.6 per 100,000 (95% CI: 14.7-41.3). This was based on 7 patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) (12.3 per 100,000), 3 patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) (5.3 per 100,000), 4 patients with AIH/PBC overlap disease (7.0 per 100,000), and no patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. All diagnoses were confirmed by liver histology examinations. Medical treatments adhered to internal recommendations and induced complete remission in most patients with AIH, and complete or partial remission in 1 patient with PBC and 3 patients with AIH/PBC overlap disease. One patient had established cirrhosis at the time of diagnosis, while 2 patients progressed to cirrhosis. In conclusion, the prevalence of autoimmune liver diseases was lower in Greenland than in Scandinavia and among Alaska Inuit.
Cystadane was studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 6 patients with CBS deficiency, ages 7 to 32 years at enrollment. Cystadane was administered at a dosage of 3 grams twice daily, for 12 months. Plasma homocystine levels were significantly reduced (p<0.01) compared to placebo. Plasma methionine levels were variable and not significantly different compared to placebo. No adverse events were reported in any patient. 

Cystadane has also been evaluated in observational studies without concurrent controls in patients with homocystinuria due to CBS deficiency, MTHFR deficiency, or cbl defect.A review of 16 case studies and the randomized controlled trial previously described was also conducted, and the data available for each study were summarized; however, no formal statistical analyses were performed. The studies included a total of 78 male and female patients with homocystinuria who were treated with Cystadane. This included 48 patients with CBS deficiency, 13 with MTHFR deficiency, and 11 with cbl defect, ranging in age from 24 days to 53 years. The majority of patients (n=48) received 6 gm/day, 3 patients received less than 6 gm/day, 12 patients received doses from 6 to 15 gm/day, and 5 patients received doses over 15 gm/day. Most patients were treated for more than 3 months (n=57) and 30 patients were treated for 1 year or longer (range 1 month to 11 years). Homocystine is formed nonenzymatically from two molecules of homocysteine, and both have be used to evaluate the effect of Cystadane in patients with homocystinuria. Plasma homocystine or homocysteine levels were reported numerically for 62 patients, and 61 of these patients showed decreases with Cystadane treatment. Homocystine decreased by 83-88% regardless of pre-treatment level, and homocysteine decreased by 71-83%, regardless of the pre-treatment level. Clinical improvement, such as improvement in seizures, or behavioral and cognitive functioning, was reported by the treating physicians in about three-fourths of patients. Many of these patients were also taking other therapies such as vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B12 (cobalamin), and folate with variable biochemical responses. In most cases, adding Cystadane resulted in a further reduction of either homocystine or homocysteine.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide processes for preparing antiviral compounds.SOLUTION: The present disclosure provides processes for the preparation of a compound of the formula in the figure which is useful as an antiviral agent. The disclosure also provides compounds that are synthetic intermediates. The present disclosure relates generally to the field of organic synthetic methodology for the preparation of antiviral compounds, and synthetic intermediates prepared thereby. The present disclosure provides processes for making a compound of formula (A) or a salt or solvate thereof. The compound of formula (A) is known to exhibit antiviral properties. Processes suitable for its production are disclosed herein.SELECTED DRAWING: None
A system and method are disclosed for determining eligibility of a card holder at a point of service by accessing personal identification information stored at a select application database. The system comprises a card holder identification card having a printed code identifying the card holder. A code server comprises a code database correlating card holder specific code record IDs and corresponding addresses associated with the select application database for providing personal identification information defining card holder eligibility. A processing device at the point of service is programmed to: read the card holder's printed code; convert the card holder's print code to a code record ID; and establish communication with the code server to transfer the card holder's code record ID to the code server. The code server is programmed to compare the received code record ID to the code database and return the address corresponding to the received code record ID to the processing device. The processing device is programmed to log onto the application database and use the returned address to download the personal identification information defining card holder eligibility for display on the processing device at the point of service.
This natural history protocol provides for the evaluation of patients with idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, IBD associated with immunodeficiency and genetic diseases such as chronic granulomatous disease and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and additional undefined inflammatory conditions of the gut) either on an inpatient or outpatient basis. The purpose of this protocol is to assess the extent and activity of the disease in such patients, conduct immunologic studies of lymphocyte and antigen-presenting cells derived from peripheral blood and tissues, administer and monitor treatments, and study the genetic risk factors for these diseases. This study will also be used to provide a mechanism for procurement of intestinal samples obtained at sites outside the NIH at the time of medically indicated surgical or endoscopic procedures from patients with IBD. In addition, it will allow for the procurement (send-in) of blood for both immunological studies as well as DNA preparation as more IBD susceptibility genes are discovered and we further our work on association of genetic polymorphisms/mutations with the phenotype and immune abnormalities observed in our IBD patients. This protocol will also allow for the procurement of blood and tissue samples from healthy volunteers (without IBD) here at the NIH to use as a control group in comparison to the immunologic and genetic data we obtain from the IBD patients that are enrolled. The immediate aims of these studies are to define the immunologic abnormalities present and to identify genetic susceptibility factors in patients with these diseases. The long-term goal of this protocol is to identify specific targets for development of novel therapeutics for inflammatory bowel diseases.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate in-hospital outcomes and long-term survival of patients undergoing cardiac surgery with preoperative atrial fibrillation (AF). We compared different strategies, including no-AF treatment, left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) alone, concomitant surgical ablation (SA) alone or both.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis using the KROK registry included all patients with preoperative diagnosis of AF who underwent cardiac surgery in Poland between between January 2012 and December 2022. Risk adjustment was performed using regression analysis with inverse probability weighting of propensity scores. We assessed 6-year survival with Cox proportional hazards models. Sensitivity analysis was performed based on index cardiac procedure.
RESULTS: Initially, 42 510 patients with preoperative AF were identified, and, after exclusion, 33 949 included in the final analysis. A total of 1107 (3.26%) received both SA and LAAO, 1484 (4.37%) received LAAO alone, 3921 (11.55%) SA alone and the remaining 27 437 (80.82%) had no AF-directed treatment. As compared to no treatment, all strategies were associated with survival benefit over 6-year follow-up. A gradient of treatment was observed with the highest benefit associated with SA + LAAO followed by SA alone and LAAO alone (log-rank P < 0.001). Mortality benefits were reflected when stratified by surgery type with the exception of aortic valve surgery where LAAO alone fare worse than no treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with preoperative AF undergoing cardiac surgery, surgical management of AF, particularly SA + LAAO, was associated with lower 6-year mortality. These findings support the benefits of incorporating SA and LAAO in the management of AF during cardiac surgery.