anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Factors associated with external ventricular catheter tract hemorrhage (CTH) are well studied; whether CTH adversely influence outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), however, is poorly understood. We therefore sought to evaluate the association between CTH and sICH outcomes.
METHODS: We performed a post hoc analysis of the Clot Lysis: Evaluating Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage trial. The exposure was CTH and evaluated on serial computed tomography scans between admission and randomization (approximately 72 hours). The primary outcomes were a composite of death or major disability (modified Rankin Score >3) and mortality alone, both assessed at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were functional outcomes at 30 days, permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt placement, any infection, and ventriculitis. We performed logistic regression adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, sICH characteristics, and treatment assignment, for all analyses.
RESULTS: Of the 500 patients included, the mean age was 59 (SD, ±11) years and 222 (44%) were female. CTH occurred in 112 (22.4%) patients and was more common in minority patients, those on prior antiplatelet therapy, and patients who had more than 1 external ventricular drain placed. The end of treatment intraventricular hemorrhage volume was higher among patients with CTH (11.7 vs 7.9 mL, P = .01), but there were no differences in other sICH characteristics or the total duration of external ventricular drain. In multivariable regression models, CTH was not associated with death or major disability (odds ratio, 0.7; 95% CI: 0.4-1.2) or death alone (odds ratio, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.5-1.4). There were no relationships between CTH and secondary outcomes including 30-day functional outcomes, permanent CSF shunt placement, any infection, or ventriculitis.
CONCLUSION: Among patients with sICH and large intraventricular hemorrhage, CTH was not associated with poor sICH outcomes, permanent CSF shunt placement, or infections. A more detailed cognitive evaluation is needed to inform about the role of CTH in sICH prognosis.
[see Drug Interactions (7)]

Nevirapine induces hepatic cytochrome P450 metabolic isoenzymes 3A and 2B6. Coadministration of nevirapine and drugs primarily metabolized by CYP3A or CYP2B6 may result in decreased plasma concentrations of these drugs and attenuate their therapeutic effects. 

While primarily an inducer of cytochrome P450 3A and 2B6 enzymes, nevirapine may also inhibit this system. Among human hepatic cytochrome P450s, nevirapine was capable in vitro of inhibiting the 10-hydroxylation of (R)-warfarin (CYP3A). The estimated Ki for the inhibition of CYP3A was 270 micromolar, a concentration that is unlikely to be achieved in patients as the therapeutic range is less than 25 micromolar. Therefore, nevirapine may have minimal inhibitory effect on other substrates of CYP3A. 

Nevirapine does not appear to affect the plasma concentrations of drugs that are substrates of other CYP450 enzyme systems, such as 1A2, 2D6, 2A6, 2E1, 2C9 or 2C19. 

Table 5 (see below) contains the results of drug interaction trials performed with nevirapine and other drugs likely to be coadministered. The effects of nevirapine on the AUC, Cmax and Cmin of coadministered drugs are summarized. 

Because of the design of the drug interaction trials (addition of 28 days of nevirapine therapy to existing HIV-1 therapy), the effect of the concomitant drug on plasma nevirapine steady-state concentrations was estimated by comparison to historical controls. 

Administration of rifampin had a clinically significant effect on nevirapine pharmacokinetics, decreasing AUC and Cmax by greater than 50%. Administration of fluconazole resulted in an approximate 100% increase in nevirapine exposure, based on a comparison to historic data [see Drug Interactions (7)]. The effect of other drugs listed in Table 5 on nevirapine pharmacokinetics was not significant. No significant interaction was observed when tipranavir was coadministered with low-dose ritonavir and nevirapine.
The invention relates to the technical field of health-care food, in particular to an iron-supplementing oral liquid and a preparation method thereof. The oral liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-35 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 15-35 parts of angelica sinensis, 7-20 parts of Chinese yam, 5-15 parts of agaric, 5-15 parts of kelp, 5-15 parts of longan, 4-10 parts of hawthorn, 2-5 parts of vitamin C, 2-4 parts of apple juice and 9000-12000 mL of purified water. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material treatment, treatment fluid mixing, filling, sterilization and product inspection. The main raw materials of the oral liquid for supplementing iron are common high-quality food materials and traditional Chinese medicines: the codonopsis pilosula, the angelica, the Chinese yam, the agaric, the kelp, the longan, the hawthorn and the vitamin C play a role in comprehensively improving the sleep quality. In consideration of the taste, the apple juice is added into the product to adjust the taste, so that the taste is better. The preparation method of the iron-supplementing oral liquid is simple and convenient to operate; cost and labor are saved; the process equipment is safe and sanitary.
The development of efficient hemostatic materials is crucial for achieving rapid hemorrhage control and effective wound healing. Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is recognized as an effective modulator of the blood coagulation process. However, the specific effect of polyP chain length on coagulation is not yet fully understood. Furthermore, calcium ions (Ca2+) are essential for the coagulation process, promoting multiple enzyme-catalyzed reactions within the coagulation cascade. Hence, calcium ion-coupled polyphosphate powders with three different degrees of polymerization (CaPP-n, n = 20, 50, and 1500) are synthesized by an ion-exchange reaction. CaPP exhibits a crystalline phase at a low polymerization degree and transitions to an amorphous phase as the polymerization degree increases. Notably, the addition of Ca2+ enhances the wettability of polyP, and CaPP promotes hemostasis, with varying degrees of effectiveness related to chain length. CaPP-50 exhibits the most promising hemostatic performance, with the lowest blood clotting index (BCI, 12.1 ± 0.7%) and the shortest clotting time (302.0 ± 10.5 s). By combining Ca2+ with polyP of medium-chain length, CaPP-50 demonstrates an enhanced ability to accelerate the adhesion and activation of blood cells, initiate the intrinsic coagulation cascade, and form a stable blood clot, outperforming both CaPP-20 and CaPP-1500. The hemostatic efficacy of CaPP-50 is further validated using rat liver bleeding and femoral artery puncture models. CaPP-50 is proven to possess hemostatic properties comparable to those of commercial calcium-based zeolite hemostatic powder and superior to kaolin. In addition, CaPP-50 exhibits excellent biocompatibility and long-term storage stability. These results suggest that CaPP-50 has significant clinical and commercial potential as an active inorganic hemostatic agent for rapid control of bleeding.
Verapamil (30 mg) plus paroxetine (4 mg) in a single pill initially taken once daily. Dose may be increased as directed by care provider by 30mg weekly (to a maximum of 240mg) for verapamil, and by 4mg weekly (maximum 32mg) for paroxetine.
The safety and effectiveness of Methylin for the treatment of ADHD have been established in pediatric patients six years of age and older. The safety and effectiveness of Methylin in pediatric patients under six years of age have not been established. The long-term efficacy of methylphenidate in pediatric patients has not been established.

Long-Term Suppression of Growth   
Growth should be monitored during treatment with stimulants, including Methylin. Pediatric patients who are not growing or gaining weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].

Juvenile Animal Toxicity Data   
In a study conducted in young rats, methylphenidate was administered orally at doses of up to 100 mg/kg/day for 9 weeks, starting early in the postnatal period (postnatal Day 7) and continuing through sexual maturity (postnatal Week 10). When these animals were tested as adults (postnatal Weeks 13 -14), decreased spontaneous locomotor activity was observed in males and females previously treated with 50 mg/kg/day (approximately 4 times the MRHD of 60 mg/day given to children on a mg/m2 basis) or greater, and a deficit in the acquisition of a specific learning task was seen in females exposed to the highest dose (8 times the MRHD given to children on a mg/m2 basis). The no effect level for juvenile neurobehavioral development in rats (5 mg/kg/day) is less than the MRHD given to children on a mg/m2 basis. The clinical significance of the long-term behavioral effects observed in rats is unknown.
OBJECTIVE: To identify adenoid inflammatory endotypes based on inflammatory markers, match endotypes to phenotypes, and predict endotypes.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 72 children with adenoid hypertrophy. Thirteen inflammatory markers and total immunoglobulin E (TIgE) in adenoid tissue were analyzed using Luminex and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for performing cluster analysis. Correlation analysis was used to examine the characteristics of each cluster. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to screen for preoperative characteristic data with predictive value for adenoid inflammation endotype.
RESULTS: The patients were divided into four clusters. Cluster 1 exhibited non-type 2 signatures with low inflammatory marker concentrations, except for the highest expression of Th1-related cytokines. Cluster 2 showed a non-type 2 endotype with the highest concentration of interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-22. Cluster 3 exhibited moderate type 2 inflammation, with the highest concentration of neutrophil factors. Cluster 4 demonstrated significant type 2 inflammation and moderate neutrophil levels. The proportions of AR and serum TIgE levels increased from clusters 1 to 4, and there was a gradual increase in the prevalence of chronic sinusitis from low to high neutrophilic inflammation. The area under the ROC curve for serum TIgE was higher than those for combined or other separate preoperative characteristics for predicting non-type 2 and type 2 inflammation in the adenoid tissue.
CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of cytokines in adenoid tissue revealed four endotypes. Serum TIgE level was an important indicator of the endotype of adenoid inflammation. Identification of adenoid inflammatory endotypes can facilitate targeted treatment decisions.
The efficacy of KOSELUGO was evaluated in SPRINT Phase II Stratum 1, an open-label, multicenter, single arm trial (NCT01362803). Eligible patients were required to have NF1 with inoperable PN, defined as a PN that could not be completely removed without risk for substantial morbidity due to encasement of, or close proximity to, vital structures, invasiveness, or high vascularity of the PN. Patients were also required to have significant morbidity related to the target PN. Morbidities that were present in ≥ 20% of patients included disfigurement, motor dysfunction, pain, airway dysfunction, visual impairment, and bladder/bowel dysfunction. Patients received KOSELUGO 25 mg/m2 orally twice daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. 

The major efficacy outcome measure was overall response rate (ORR), defined as the percentage of patients with complete response (defined as disappearance of the target PN) or confirmed partial response (defined as ≥ 20% reduction in PN volume confirmed at a subsequent tumor assessment within 3-6 months). The target PN, defined as the PN that caused relevant clinical symptoms or complications (PN-related morbidities), was evaluated for response rate using centrally read volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis per Response Evaluation in Neurofibromatosis and Schwannomatosis (REiNS) criteria. Tumor response was evaluated at baseline and while on treatment after every 4 cycles for 2 years, and then every 6 cycles. An additional efficacy outcome measure was duration of response (DoR).

A total of 50 pediatric patients received KOSELUGO. The median age was 10.2 years (range 3.5 to 17.4 years); 60% were male; and 84% were White, 8% were Black and 2% were Asian.

Efficacy results are provided in Table 8. The median time to onset of response was 7.2 months (range: 3.3 months to 1.6 years).

An independent centralized review of tumor response per REiNS criteria (data cut-off June 2018) resulted in an ORR of 44% (95% CI: 30, 59).
In alternative embodiments, probiotic formulations for the treatment and alleviation of metabolic and oxidative stress, inflammation and neurodegeneration and methods of using the same, including compositions, formulations, articles of manufacture and kits comprising the same, are provided. In alternative embodiments, the probiotic formulation as provided herein comprises or consists of: any combination of Lactobacillus fermentum (Lactobacillus fermentum) NCIMB 5221, Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) NCIMB8826, and bifidobacterium longum infantis (bifidobacterium longum spp. infarnatum) NCIMB 702255. In an alternative embodiment, the probiotic formulation as provided herein is combined with a sanguobao. In alternative embodiments, the probiotic formulations as provided herein are used to treat metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity, inflammatory diseases such as IBD, IBS, arthritis; and neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer's disease and parkinson's disease. In alternative embodiments, the probiotic formulations provided herein are used to combat oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, lower blood and total glucose levels, lower triglyceride levels, and manage insulin resistance.
Antibiotic resistance continues to grow and is now considered to be one of the most serious global threats of the 21st century. The key driver of resistance is antibiotic overuse; long antibiotic courses select for resistance among the trillions of bacteria hosted by the human body. There is as yet no evidence from randomized studies on its optimal duration of antibiotic therapy. Traditionally, guidelines have somewhat arbitrarily recommended long courses of two weeks, even though patients with no structural complications may recover after only five days of therapy. Evidence is mounting that longer courses leave patients with multi-resistant organisms. Indeed, given rising concerns over resistance, many physicians have reduced antibiotic durations for GNB to 7 days with no apparent untoward consequences.

This point-of-care, multicenter randomized controlled non-inferiority trial will randomize 500 patients with GNB on day 5 of appropriate antibiotic therapy to either (1) a total of 7 days of antibiotic therapy, (2) a total of 14 days of antibiotic therapy, or (3) an individualized duration of antibiotic therapy (guided by the patient's clinical course \& C-reactive protein levels). The primary outcome is the incidence of clinical failure at day 30. Patients will be followed through day 90; secondary outcomes will include the incidence of clinical failure on days 60 and 90, the total number of antibiotic days, the incidence of antibiotic-related adverse events (including Clostridium difficile infection), the emergence of bacterial resistance, length of hospital stay. Cost-effectiveness/health-economic analyses will also be performed.
Heated Tobacco Product (HTP) denoted as Ploom PX1.5TN HTP; Tobacco HTS (Heated Tobacco Stick); R8. Test product sourced from Japan Tobacco Inc.
BACKGROUND: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are the major factor in gastric cancer (GC) immune evasion. Nevertheless, the molecular process underlying the expansion of MDSCs induced by tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) remains elusive.
METHODS: The levels of exosomal and soluble PD-L1 in ninety GC patients were examined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine their prognostic value. To investigate the correlation between exosomal PD-L1 and MDSCs, the percentage of MDSCs in the peripheral blood of 57 GC patients was assessed via flow cytometry. Through ultracentrifugation, the exosomes were separated from the GC cell supernatant and detected via Western blotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The function of exosomal PD-L1 in MDSCs was evaluated via immunofluorescence, Western blotting and flow cytometry in a GC cell-derived xenograft (CDX) model.
RESULTS: The overall survival (OS) of GC patients in the high exosomal PD-L1 group was significantly lower than that of patients in the low exosomal PD-L1 group (P = 0.0042); however, there was no significant correlation between soluble PD-L1 and OS in GC patients (P = 0.0501). Furthermore, we found that the expression of exosomal PD-L1 was positively correlated with the proportions of polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs, r = 0.4944, P < 0.001) and monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs, r = 0.3663, P = 0.005) in GC patients, indicating that exosomal PD-L1 might induce immune suppression by promoting the aggregation of MDSCs. In addition, we found that exosomal PD-L1 might stimulate MDSC proliferation by triggering the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in vitro. The CDX model confirmed that exosomal PD-L1 could stimulate tumor development and MDSC amplification.
CONCLUSIONS: Exosomal PD-L1 has the potential to become a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for GC patients. Mechanistically, MDSCs can be activated by exosomal PD-L1 through IL-6/STAT3 signaling and provide a new strategy against GC through the use of exosomal PD-L1 as a treatment target.
This study aims to investigate the delivery of pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing alone or in combination with Medication Therapy Management (MTM) in the community pharmacy setting in order to assess and compare the two delivery models. Using a clust randomized trial, these effects of these two models will be compared. Pharmacist and patient outcome measures will be collected by survey, interviews, and review of pharmacy records. The investigators intend to compare the effect of PGx alone and PGx with MTM from the pharmacy perspective (to assess impact on workflow/operations) and patient perspective (to assess acceptance of testing, understanding of results, medication adherence, and overall satisfaction with delivery model). In the PGx only arm, pharmacists will offer PGx testing to patients who are prescribed one of the 10 eligible drugs (aripiprazole, carisoprodol, celecoxib, citalopram, clopidogrel, metoprolol, nortriptyline, paroxetine, simvastatin, warfarin) and will return results to the patient and physician with any recommendations for drug or dosage changes based on results. In the PGx and MTM arm, pharmacists will offer PGx testing to patients prescribed one of the 10 eligible drugs and provide two MTM sessions: one at the time of testing, and one when results are returned. All patients will be surveyed before PGx testing and 3 months after receiving results. Pharmacists will be surveyed prior to their participation and following the conclusion of the study. Pharmacists will also conduct a chart review of patients and document all interactions with enrolled patients and their providers.
If a patient is suspected of having an ICU-acquired HAP/VAP during the conservative period, quantitative or semi-quantitative endobronchial cultures should be sent. If the patient is in septic shock persistent hypotension requiring vasoactive medications to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥65 mm HG or persistent lactic acidosis (\>2 mmol/L) despite adequate resuscitation) antimicrobials will be initiated immediately. If the patient has new onset organ dysfunction that is presumed to be due to infection (sepsis) then antimicrobials will be initiated at the discretion of the attending intensivist. In the absence of septic shock or sepsis (intensivist discretion), antimicrobials will not be initiated unless objective evidence of pneumonia is present or another documented source of infection is identified mandating treatment with antimicrobials.
BACKGROUND: Recently, our research team developed an open source and free website called the MEPP website (for the Mirror Effect Plus Protocol) to efficiently provide mirror therapy for patients with facial palsy. Previous studies demonstrated that the first version of the MEPP website improved user experience and likely optimized patients' performance during facial therapy. Nevertheless, compliance was found to be low despite a generally positive opinion of the website, and in light of our earlier findings, MEPP 2.0-a revised and enhanced version of the MEPP 0.1-was created. The purpose of this study was to examine and contrast various factors that help or impede institutional partners of the Quebec health care system from using the MEPP 2.0 website in comparison to its initial version.
METHODS: Forty-one patients with facial palsy and nineteen clinicians working with this population were enrolled in a within-subject crossover study. For both the MEPP 1.0 and MEPP 2.0, user experience was assessed for all participants. Embodiment was assessed in patients, and factors influencing clinical use were assessed by clinicians. Qualitative comments about their experiences were also gathered. Descriptive statistics and reliability measures were calculated. Differences between the two MEPP versions were assessed using the linear mixed model.
RESULTS: Overall, patients appreciated more the MEPP 2.0 (OR = 4.57; p < 0.001), and all clinicians preferred the MEPP 2.0 over the MEPP 1.0. For patients, it seems that facial ownership, as well as possession and control of facial movements, was significantly better with the MEPP 2.0. For clinicians, the MEPP 2.0 specifically allowed them to self-evaluate their intervention and follow up with more objectivity. The use of the MEPP 2.0 was also modulated by what their patients reported. Qualitatively, options to access an Android app and needs for improving the exercises bank were mentioned as hindering factors.
CONCLUSIONS: The updated version of the MEPP website, the MEPP 2.0, was preferred by our different partners.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10885397 . The trial was registered before the start of the study on the 1st December 2023.
Antidiabetic compsns. contg. as active constituent a glybutamide derivs. of formula (I). The active cpd. (I) is known as a herbicide. In its new use as an antidiabetic agent it does not increase neolipogenesis or appetite as do sulphonylureas in use now, nor does it provoke lactic acidosis in patients with maturity-onset diabetes. Daily adult dose 250-500 mg. A typical tablet contained 250 mg of N-dichloroacetylglybutamide, 10 mg of colloidal silica, 20 mg of starch and 20 mg of stearic acid.