anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Common variants account for most of the estimated heritability associated with autism spectrum disorder (autism). Although several replicable single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the condition have been detected using genome-wide association study (GWAS) methodologies, their pathophysiological relevance remains elusive. Examining this is complicated, however, as all detected loci are situated within non-coding regions of the genome. It is therefore likely that they possess roles of regulatory function as opposed to directly affecting gene coding sequences. To bridge the gap between SNP discovery and mechanistic insight, we applied a comprehensive bioinformatic pipeline to functionally annotate autism-associated polymorphisms and their non-coding linkage disequilibrium (i.e., non-randomly associated) partners. We identified 82 DNA variants of probable regulatory function that may contribute to autism pathogenesis. To validate these predictions, we measured the impact of 11 high-confidence candidates and their GWAS linkage disequilibrium partners on gene expression in human brain tissue from Autistic and non-Autistic donors. Although a small number of the surveyed variants exhibited measurable influence on gene expression as determined via quantitative polymerase chain reaction, these did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Additionally, no significant genotype-by-diagnosis effects were observed for any of the SNP-gene associations. We contend that this may reflect an inability to effectively capture the modest, neurodevelopmental-specific impact of individual variants on biological dysregulation in available post-mortem tissue samples, as well as limitations in the existing autism GWAS data.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are highly disabling illnesses defined by different psychopathological, neuroimaging, and cognitive profiles. In the last decades, immune dysregulation has received increasing attention as a central factor in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Several aspects of immune dysregulations have been investigated, including, low-grade inflammation cytokines, chemokines, cell populations, gene expression, and markers of both peripheral and central immune activation. Understanding the distinct immune profiles characterizing the two disorders is indeed of crucial importance for differential diagnosis and the implementation of personalized treatment strategies. In this paper, we reviewed the current literature on the dysregulation of the immune response system focusing our attention on studies using inflammatory markers to discriminate between MDD and BD. High heterogeneity characterized the available literature, reflecting the heterogeneity of the disorders. Common alterations in the immune response system include high pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. On the contrary, a greater involvement of chemokines and markers associated with innate immunity has been reported in BD together with dynamic changes in T cells with differentiation defects during childhood which normalize in adulthood, whereas classic mediators of immune responses such as IL-4 and IL-10 are present in MDD together with signs of immune-senescence.
INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern which results in significant economic burden. Despite this, treatment options are limited. Recently, dapagliflozin has been reported have benefits in people with CKD. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin as an add-on to standard of care (SoC) in people with CKD in Malaysia.
METHODS: A Markov model was adapted to estimate the economic and clinical benefits of dapagliflozin in people with Stage 2 to 5 CKD. The cost-effectiveness was performed based upon data from the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) trial supplemented with local costs and utility data whenever possible.
RESULTS: In Malaysia, dapagliflozin in combination with SoC was the dominant intervention compared to SoC alone (RM 81,814 versus RM 85,464; USD19,762 vs USD20,644). Adding dapagliflozin to SoC in people with CKD increased life expectancy by 0.46 years and increased quality-adjusted life years (QALY) by 0.41 in comparison with SoC alone (10.01 vs. 9.55 years, 8.76 vs. 8.35 QALYs). This translates to a saving of RM8,894 (USD2,148) with every QALY gained. The benefits were due to the delay in CKD progression, resulting in lower costs of dialysis and renal transplantation. Results were robust to variations in assumptions over disease management costs as well as subgroup of population that would be treated and below the accepted willingness-to-pay thresholds of RM 46,000/QALY.
CONCLUSION: The use of dapagliflozin was projected to improved life expectancy and quality of life among people with CKD, with a saving RM8,894 (USD2,148) for every quality-adjusted life-year gained and RM7,898 (USD1,908) saving for every life year gained.
The study population will consist of patients with electrocardiographically documented symptomatic paroxysmal AF (≥ 2 episodes of ≥ 15 min duration within a six month period) while on stable antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Patients will be excluded if they have AF due to a reversible cause, persistent AF, significant heart failure or a life expectancy of less than one year. Eligible patients will be randomized to carvedilol or metoprolol and followed for 13 months. Randomization will be stratified based on the AF management strategy (rate or rhythm control). Carvedilol and metoprolol will be initiated over a one month drug titration period to achieve doses of 25mg bid and 50 mg bid respectively. AF occurrence will be documented using event recorders. The co-primary outcome measures are survival free from AF after one month blanking period for drug titration and the number of days in AF detected during follow-up. Secondary outcomes include event free survival to first symptomatic episode of AF, days in symptomatic AF, time between first and second episodes of AF, proportion of patients who develop persistent AF, AF Severity Scale, CCS-AF symptom score, ventricular rate during AF, proportion of patients with discontinuation of the assigned therapy and number of emergency department visits or hospitalizations for cardiovascular causes. Adverse effects and need to discontinue carvedilol or metoprolol will be documented. This study will determine whether carvedilol is safe and effective for prevention of recurrent paroxysmal AF in a general population with AF. Data will be analyzed on an intention to treat basis. Three hundred patients will be recruited over 4 years. The sample size is based on an estimated 20% reduction in event free survival from AF (power 0.90, α = 0.05). Patients will be recruited from our AF clinic population which averages 50 new referrals per month and over 2500 referrals since it's' inception in 2005.
Stimulation: We will use a Magstim Rapid2 Plus1 Magnetic Stimulator connected to a Brainsway H1 coil, which includes a sham option. In analogy to our former accelerated rTMS studies (2, 3), all patients will receive 20 dTMS sessions (5 sessions per day; 4 consecutive days) with a stimulation intensity of 120% of the subject's resting MT, as reported by Levkovitz et al.(4). Furthermore, we selected these FDA approved dTMS parameters, so that for one session each dTMS repetition includes 2-sec pulse trains separated by 20-sec inter-train intervals. Patients will receive 55 trains in each treatment session, for a total of 1980 pulses per session. This makes 9900 pulses/day, and in total 39600 pulses per treatment.
A safety ensuring system of exercise machine (16) and a related method includes a physiological detection device (10) and an exercise machine (16). The physiological detection device (10) is used to detect a physiological state of a human body and save the physiological state. Before a user using the exercise machine (16), the physiological state of the user is detected by the physiological detection device (10) first. The exercise machine (16) includes a control device (18) and a working device (20), wherein the control device (18) determines whether the working device (20) is allowed to be used according to the physiological state saved in the physiological detection device (10). The working device (20) is allowed to be used if the physiological state is normal, and it is prohibited from being used otherwise. Whereby, the user in poor physiological state is prevented from doing exercise, which effectively ensures the safety at using the exercise machine (16).
PURPOSE: Lactobacillus plantarum JBMI F5 is provided to ensure an antibacterial function against harmful bacteria and to be used in food, food additives, feed additives, or pharmaceutical products. CONSTITUTION: Lactobacillus plantarum JBMI F5(deposit number KACC91638P) has an antibacterial function against harmful bacteria and is isolated from a Ligularia fischeri Turcz. fermentation liquid. An antibacterial composition against harmful bacteria contains the strain or a culture medium thereof as an active ingredient. The harmful bacteria include Enterobacter sp., Escherichia sp., or Staphylococcus sp. A probiotic composition contains the strain or a culture medium thereof as an active ingredient.
From the donor liver perfusate, mononuclear cell will be extracted and cultured. Then, the cells will be stimulated with IL-2. The number of inoculation cells( mainly NK cells) is between 10 and 100 million cells. The cells will be given to the liver transplant recipient who had the same donor for liver and liver perfusate. Patient of this arm receive small dose of liver NK cell inoculation as described.
Disulfiram plus alcohol, even small amounts, produce flushing, throbbing in head and neck, throbbing headache, respiratory difficulty, nausea, copious vomiting, sweating, thirst, chest pain, palpitation, dyspnea, hyperventilation, tachycardia, hypotension, syncope, marked uneasiness, weakness, vertigo, blurred vision, and confusion. In severe reactions there may be respiratory depression, cardiovascular collapse, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, acute congestive heart failure, unconsciousness, convulsions, and death.

The intensity of the reaction varies with each individual, but is generally proportional to the amounts of disulfiram and alcohol ingested. Mild reactions may occur in the sensitive individual when the blood alcohol concentration is increased to as little as 5 to 10 mg per 100 mL. Symptoms are fully developed at 50 mg per 100 mL, and unconsciousness usually results when the blood alcohol level reaches 125 to 150 mg.

The duration of the reaction varies from 30 to 60 minutes, to several hours in the more severe cases, or as long as there is alcohol in the blood.
The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicinal composition for treating abnormal menstruation. The composition comprises, by weight, 8-12 parts of Bupleurum chinense DC., 10-15 parts of raw rehmannia root, 4-6 parts of processed myrrh, 2-4 parts of Paeonia lactiflora, 6-8 parts of Herba Violae, 3-5 parts of Cornus officinalis, 8-10 parts of American ginseng, 6-8 parts of Himalayan Teasel Root, 2-4 parts of processed Rhizoma Cyperi, 6-8 parts of rose, 10-15 parts of cinnamon, 6-8 parts of fried tingli seeds, 2-4 parts of calcined oyster shell, 5-7 parts of Herba Patriniae, 8-10 parts of deerhorn glue, 6-8 parts of Saururus chinensis, 2-4 parts of Balanophora involucrata Hook. F., 6-10 parts of semen cuscutae, 8-12 parts of roasted Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, 2-4 parts of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. and 3-4 parts of Holostemma annulare (Roxb. ) K. Schum. The traditional Chinese medicinal composition is prepared from pure natural herbal medicines according to traditional Chinese medicinal science healthy energy strengthening, root fostering, qi tonifying and blood nourishing theories, and has the advantages of wide sources of raw materials, no residual, no side effects, realization of the yin nourishing, blood enriching, dryness moisturizing, body fluid generating, center supplementing, qi tonifying, channel consolidating and menstruation regulating efficacy through combination of above medicines, substantial treatment effect on abnormal menstruation patients, definite medicine effects and fast effectiveness.
Magnesium (Mg ++) is an important cofactor for enzymatic reactions and plays an important role in neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. 

Magnesium prevents or controls convulsions by blocking neuromuscular transmission and decreasing the amount of acetylcholine liberated at the end plate by the motor nerve impulse. Magnesium is said to have a depressant effect on the central nervous system, but it does not adversely affect the mother, fetus or neonate when used as directed in eclampsia or pre-eclampsia. Normal serum magnesium levels range from 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/liter. 

As serum magnesium rises above 4 mEq/liter, the deep tendon reflexes are first decreased and then disappear as the serum level approaches 10 mEq/liter. At this level respiratory paralysis may occur. Heart block also may occur at this or lower serum levels of magnesium. 

Magnesium acts peripherally to produce vasodilation. With low doses only flushing and sweating occur, but larger doses cause lowering of blood pressure. The central and peripheral effects of magnesium poisoning are antagonized to some extent by intravenous administration of calcium. 

With intravenous administration the onset of anticonvulsant action is immediate and lasts about 30 minutes. Following intramuscular administration the onset of action occurs in about one hour and persists for three to four hours. Effective anticonvulsant serum levels range from 2.5 to 7.5 mEq/liter.
This is a feasibility cohort. The primary objective is to assess feasibility of incorporating cRIT 131I-omburtamab for patients with recurrent ependymoma and to assess dosimetry. Patients must have progressed after initial surgery, radiation therapy, or other therapies. Patients will undergo surgery (if feasible) prior to study entry with the goal of achieving stable or better disease. Tumor tissue (archived or new) will be tested for B7H3 prior to enrollment. If positive, patients will enroll on Stratum 2 and receive one dosimetry dose (2 mCi) of cRIT 131I-omburtamab with nuclear medicine scintigraphy using SPECT during the Dosimetry Course (14 days in length). Following the Dosimetry Course and within 2 weeks of the dosimetry dose, patients may continue to Radioimmunotherapy to receive 2 therapeutic doses (50 mCi) of cRIT 131I-omburtamab.
Serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase and 24-hour urinary calcium and phosphorus should be determined periodically. During the initial phase of the medication, serum calcium and phosphorus should be determined more frequently (twice weekly).   
  
Adynamic bone disease may develop if PTH levels are suppressed to abnormal levels. If biopsy is not being done for other (diagnostic) reasons, PTH levels may be used to indicate the rate of bone turnover. If PTH levels fall below recommended target range (1.5 to 3 times the upper limit of normal), in patients treated with calcitriol injection, the calcitriol injection dose should be reduced or therapy discontinued. Discontinuation of calcitriol therapy may result in rebound effect, therefore, appropriate titration downward to a maintenance dose is recommended.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new chlorin derivative capable of absorbing light of long wavelength range with high tissue transmissivity, exhibiting cytocidal effect through being specifically taken into cells, therefore useful as e.g. a photosensitizer in the photodynamic therapy of cancer. SOLUTION: This new chlorin derivative is shown by formula I [R is a group of formula II (R1 is a saccharide residue with hydroxyl group optionally protected; R2 is H or a saccharide residue with hydroxyl group optionally protected); broken line denotes the presence or absence of a double bond]  e.g. 5,10,15,20-tetrakis [4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy) phenyl] chlorin}, being useful as e.g. a photosensitizer usable in the photodynamic therapy as one of noninvasive therapies for cancer. This chlorin derivative of formula I is obtained by reaction between pyrrole and a benzaldehyde derivative to form a tetraphenylporphyrin derivative of formula III, which, in turn, is reduced with p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide in the presence of e.g. potassium carbonate.
The increasing incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant public health concern, prompting heightened attention to its treatment. Incretins, including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, are intestinal peptides released after nutrient intake, known for their hypoglycemic effects in diabetes management. Recent advancements highlight the promising outcomes of GLP-1 receptor agonists in reducing CKD risk factors and improving renal outcomes. The multifaceted functions of GLP-1, such as its anti-obesity, anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-lipid, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial function protective properties, contribute to its potential as a therapeutic agent for CKD. Although experiments suggest the potential benefits of incretin in CKD, a comprehensive understanding of its specific mechanisms is still lacking. This review aims to provide a detailed examination of current evidence and potential future directions, emphasizing the promising yet evolving landscape of incretin agonists in the context of CKD.
Compounds are disclosed that selectively inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) containing GluN B. In some cases, these compounds selectively target GluN B instead of GluN2A, gluN2C and/or GluN2D. In general, these compounds have enhanced potency at GluN B at a pH that is more acidic than physiological pH. Pharmaceutical formulations containing one or more of the compounds are also disclosed. In addition, methods of treating conditions, disorders, or diseases using the compounds or pharmaceutical formulations thereof are disclosed. Exemplary conditions, disorders or diseases associated with the present disclosure include stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral ischemia, cerebral vasospasm, hypoxia, acute CNS injury, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, coronary bypass, persistent or chronic cough, drug abuse disorders, opioid withdrawal, opioid tolerance, bipolar disorder, suicidal ideation, pain, fibromyalgia, depression, postpartum depression, resting tremor, dementia, epilepsy, seizure, dyskinesia, and neurodegenerative diseases.
PURPOSE: To provide a transmucosal preparation which comprises a peptide or protein and tolmetin, thus is improved in transmucosal absorption. CONSTITUTION: This preparation comprises a peptide or protein having pharmacological activities such as calcitonin, insulin and tolmetin (the chemical name: 1-methyl-5-(4-methylbenzoyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-acetic acid) or salts thereof as active ingredients. The amount of tolmetin is 0.01-50wt.% based on the total weight, or 100-50,000 pts.wt. per 1 pt.wt. of the peptide or protein. It can be prepared into a suppository, vagina suppository, nasal drops, plaster, particularly a suppository or nasal drops, in usual manners.
PURPOSE: Risk-reducing surgery for cancer prevention in solid tumors is a pressing clinical topic because of the increasing availability of germline genetic testing. We examined the short- and long-term outcomes of risk-reducing total gastrectomy (RRTG) and its lesser-known impacts on health-related quality of life (QOL) in individuals with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome.
METHODS: Individuals who underwent RRTG as part of a single-institution natural history study of hereditary gastric cancers were examined. Clinicopathologic details, acute and chronic operative morbidity, and health-related QOL were assessed. Validated questionnaires were used to determine QOL scores and psycho-social-spiritual measures of healing.
RESULTS: One hundred twenty-six individuals underwent RRTG because of a pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline CDH1 variant between October 2017 and December 2021. Most patients (87.3%; 110/126) had pT1aN0 gastric carcinoma with signet ring cell features on final pathology. Acute (<30 days) postoperative major morbidity was low (5.6%; 7/126) and nearly all patients (98.4%) lost weight after total gastrectomy. At 2 years after gastrectomy, 94% (64/68) of patients exhibited at least one chronic complication (ie, bile reflux, dysphagia, and micronutrient deficiency). Occupation change (23.5%), divorce (3%), and alcohol dependence (1.5%) were life-altering consequences attributed to total gastrectomy by some patients. In patients with a median follow-up of 24 months, QOL scores decreased at 1 month after gastrectomy and returned to baseline by 6-12 months.
CONCLUSION: RRTG is associated with life-changing adverse events that should be discussed when counseling patients with CDH1 variants about gastric cancer prevention. The risks of cancer-prevention surgery should not only be judged in the context of likelihood of death due to disease if left untreated, but also based on the real consequences of organ removal.
BACKGROUND: Core biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as Aβ42 and tau, have demonstrated high prognostic accuracy but do not fully capture the complex pathophysiology of AD. In this study, our objective was to identify novel cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers using proteomics across the entire AD continuum to predict conversion to AD and explore their involvement in AD pathogenesis.
METHODS: A cohort of 186 cognitively normal (CN), 127 subjective memory complaint (SMC), 79 early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI), 249 late MCI (LMCI), and 132 AD individuals was analyzed, with a follow-up period of over 3 years for non-AD participants. CSF 65 peptides, as well as hippocampal and entorhinal volumes were analyzed, and cognitive function was evaluated using the 13-item cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog 13). Cox proportional hazards models and mediation analysis were performed to investigate associations and causal relationships.
RESULTS: During the follow-up, approximately one-fourth (146/580) of the non-AD participants progressed to AD. After adjusting for baseline diagnosis (CN to LMCI) and other variables, multivariable Cox regression analysis identified three peptides (VAELEDEK, VSFELFADK, and VVSSIEQK) as significant predictors of conversion to AD. Incorporating these three peptides into the initial model significantly improved the C-statistic from 0.82 to 0.85 for predicting AD conversion, surpassing the predictive ability of Aβ42 and P-tau. Moreover, hippocampal and entorhinal volumes mediated 30.3-53.8% of the association between the three peptides and ADAS-Cog 13 scores.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the potential of these three peptides as robust prognostic biomarker candidates for AD conversion across the entire AD continuum, with a mechanism involving the mediation of hippocampal and entorhinal volumes.
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: transdermal system for physostigmine application consists of nonpenetrable for active agent layer, active substance depot showing at least one accessory component with contact and distributing function in the form of textile material as separating protective layer. Template has 10-90 wt.-% polymeric material taken from the group involving polymers on the basis of acrylate and/or methacrylate and hydrogenated colophony esters, 0-30 wt. -% plasticizer on the basis of hydrocarbons and/or their esters. Immediately after preparing active substance depot has from 15 to 85 wt.-%: physostigmine solution at concentration from 0.1 to 70 wt.-%. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of system. 9 cl, 4 dwg, 3 tbl