anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease with high death rates. Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside extracted from Eucommia ulmoides with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in human diseases. This study aimed to investigate its specific function in mouse and cell models of COPD.
METHODS: The COPD mouse model was established by exposing mice to a long-term cigarette smoke (CS). The number of inflammatory cells and the contents of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of CS-exposed mice were measured. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the lung tissues were estimated. Masson staining and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining were utilized to evaluate pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in CS-treated mice. Cell apoptosis in the lung tissues was estimated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Western blot was applied to quantify protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and apoptotic markers. COPD cell model was established by exposing mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE12) with cigarette smoke extract to further verify the properties of aucubin in vitro.
RESULTS: Aucubin reduced the number of inflammatory cells and decreased the contents of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in BALF of CS-treated mice. The oxidative stress, lung emphysema, fibrosis, and lung cell apoptosis induced by CS exposure were ameliorated by aucubin administration. Aucubin activated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with ML385, a specific Nrf2 inhibitor, antagonized the protective effects of aucubin on inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and cell apoptosis in COPD.
CONCLUSION: Aucubin alleviates inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and pulmonary fibrosis in COPD mice and CSE-treated MLE12 cells by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Individuals aged 40 and over with COPD were included in the study, while individuals with communication, mental, neurological and cognitive problems and unable to exercise were excluded from the study. Among those who met the inclusion criteria, those who had a smart-phone were assigned to the experimental group.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an update on comorbidity of vestibular symptoms and migraine.
RECENT FINDINGS: Multisensory processing and integration is a key concept for understanding mixed presentation of migraine and vestibular symptoms. Here, we discuss how vestibular migraine should be distinguished from a secondary migraine phenomenon in which migraine symptoms may coincide with or triggered by another vestibular disorder. We also have some updates on the diagnostic criteria of vestibular migraine, its pathophysiology, and common approaches used for its treatment. As a common clinical presentation of migraine and vestibular symptoms, vestibular migraine should be distinguished from a secondary migraine phenomenon, in which migraine symptoms may be triggered by or coincide with another vestibular disorder. Recent experimental evidence suggests vestibular symptoms in vestibular migraine are linked to multisensory mechanisms that control body motion and orientation in space.
Type 2 alveolar epithelial cell (AEC2) senescence is crucial to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-consuming enzyme cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) is a marker of senescent cells and is highly expressed in AEC2s of patients with PF, thus rendering it a potential treatment target. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have emerged as a cell-free treatment with clinical application prospects in antiaging and antifibrosis treatments. Herein, we constructed CD38 antigen receptor membrane-modified MSC-EVs (CD38-ARM-MSC-EVs) by transfecting MSCs with a lentivirus loaded with a CD38 antigen receptor-CD8 transmembrane fragment fusion plasmid to target AEC2s and alleviate PF. Compared with MSC-EVs, the CD38-ARM-MSC-EVs engineered in this study showed a higher expression of the CD38 antigen receptor and antifibrotic miRNAs and targeted senescent AEC2s cells highly expressing CD38 in vitro and in naturally aged mouse models after intraperitoneal administration. CD38-ARM-MSC-EVs effectively restored the NAD+ levels, reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype, and rejuvenated senescent A549 cells in vitro, thereby mitigating multiple age-associated phenotypes and alleviating PF in aged mice. Thus, this study provides a technology to engineer MSC-EVs and support our CD38-ARM-MSC-EVs to be developed as promising agents with high clinical potential against PF.
Liver fibrosis occurs due to injury or inflammation, which results in the excessive production of collagen and the formation of fibrotic scar tissue that impairs liver function. Despite the limited treatment options available, freshwater clams may hold promise in the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of ethanol extract of freshwater clam (FCE), ethyl acetate extract of FCE (EA-FCE), and trans-2-nonadecyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolane (TNHD) on liver fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). Administration of FCE and TNHD alleviated liver injury, including tissue damage, necrosis, inflammation scores, fibrosis scores, serum enzymes, and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression of fibrosis-related proteins, such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β), as well as the hydroxyproline content, which decreased after treatment with FCE and TNHD. Animal experiments revealed that FCE and TNHD can reduce liver fibrosis by inhibiting cytokines that activate stellate cells and decreasing extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion. Cell experiments have shown that TNHD inhibits the MAPK/Smad signaling pathway and TGF-β1 activation, resulting in a reduction in the expression of fibrosis-related proteins. Therefore, freshwater clam extracts, particularly TNHD, may have potential therapeutic and preventive effects for the amelioration of liver fibrosis.
The invention discloses a composition for improving dark eye circles, application and essence, and relates to the technical field of cosmetics. The composition for improving dark circles comprises: bacillus fermentation product, coffee extract and white truffle extract; according to weight percentage, the bacillus fermentation product accounts for 0.001-0.02% of the composition system; the coffee extract accounts for 0.5% -2.5% of the composition system; the truffle extract accounts for 0.003-0.09% of the composition system. The composition for improving dark circles can be applied to all skin care products. The essence provided by the invention comprises the composition for improving the dark eye circles. Under the proportion provided by the invention, the bacillus fermentation product, the coffee extract and the truffle extract have synergistic effect in the aspects of removing dark yellow skin around eyes and improving dark circles around eyes. The essence for improving the dark circles provided by the invention can be used for moistening and moisturizing, and simultaneously, can be used for well removing the dark yellow skin around the eyes, improving the effect of the dark circles, brightening the skin color and beautifying the skin around the eyes.
Sprayable compositions for surface anaesthesia comprise a physiologically tolerable salt derived from (1) a benzoic acid aminoalkyl ester, which may be substituted in the ring and/or in the aminoalkyl group, a b -piperidinoethyl 4-propoxyphenyl ketone, or a 1-butoxy-4-(b -morpholinopropoxy)-benzene, on the one part, and (2) a hydroxy and/or amino and/or alkylamino and/or alkoxyalkylamino benzoic acid, or sulphanilic acid, on the other part, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable propellent gas in the liquid state.  The anaesthetic salts may be dissolved in an organic solvent such as ethyl alcohol.  Other optional ingredients mentioned are 1,1,1-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol (chlorobutanol), alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and 1,2-propylene glycol.  The specified propellant is a mixture of difluorodichloromethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-dichloroethane.ALSO:Sprayable compositions for surface anaesthesia comprise a physiologically tolerable salt derived from (1) a benzoic acid aminoalkyl ester, which may be substituted in the ring and/or in the aminoalkyl group, a b -piperidinoethyl 4-propoxy-phenyl ketone, or a 1-butoxy-4-(b -morpholino-propoxy)-benzene, on the one part, and (2) a hydroxy and/or amino and/or alkylamino and/or alkoxyalkylamino benzoic acid, or sulphanilic acid, on the other part, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable propellent gas in the liquid state. Several examples of components (1) and (2) are given; actual salts specified are p-aminobenzoic acid and gentisic acid salts of 4-n-butylaminobenzoic acid b -dimethylamino-ethyl ester; salicylic acid, gallic acid and gentisic acid salts of 4-n-propylaminobenzoic acid g -dimethylamino-b -hydroxy propyl ester; and salicylic acid salt of 2-hydroxy-4 - n - butylaminobenzoic acid b  - dimethyl - aminoethyl ester.  The anaesthetic salts may be dissolved in an organic solvent such as ethyl alcohol.  Other optional ingredients mentioned are 1,1,1 - trichloro - 2 - methyl - 2 - propanol (chlorobutanol), alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and 1,2-propylene glycol.  The specified propellent is a mixture of difluorodichloromethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-dichloroethane.
A check valve including an elastomeric valve element having a dome- shaped configuration that seals in its at-rest position occluding fluid flow in both directions. The dome-shaped elastomeric valve element is constructed in such a way to be deflectable, such as being activated by the external device such as a male luer whereupon the valve is cracked open to become a two-way valve allowing flow in both directions. The valve element may also be cracked open by sufficient fluid pressure in its inlet. The valve element is self-aligning. The dome-shaped of the valve element includes cut-outs for additional fluid flow, thereby streamlining flow while reducing the potential for air entrapment. The underside of the dome-shaped valve element also includes a thickened concave undersurface and thickened support legs to significantly increase the resistance to high backpressures, while also minimizing potential air entrapment.
After the warmup, subjects will walk until claudication pain becomes severe and needs to stop. Then subjects will rest until claudication pain subsides. Afterwards, subjects will walk again, repeating the cycle for up to 50 minutes (including walking and rest). Walking speed and treadmill incline will be adjusted during the SET session to allow individuals with PAD to walk for 5-10 minutes before claudication symptoms arise. Time at each speed and incline, along with rest times will be recorded during each exercise session. Subjects will complete 3 sessions/week for 12 weeks.
A non-commercial computational model has been developed in-house to estimate the patient's anterior-posterior or lateral depth using the radiographic image and the known exposure factors with which it was undertaken. This model has been tested using single composition phantoms and found to be accurate. If it was found to be accurate for real clinical examinations, this would automate the measurement of patient size and give institutions the estimate of patient size required for local paediatric patient dose audit. In turn, this would provide the national data required to propose national reference values for paediatric x-ray examinations, which would give all institutions an important comparator for their performance. This would lead to optimisation in those sites most requiring it; nationally, paediatric x-ray imaging would improve in time.

This pilot study is necessary to determine if the computational model is accurate enough to be relied upon. Accuracy will be determined by comparing the estimate made by the computational model for each patient with an actual measurement of the patient's anterior-posterior abdomen depth made at the time of the examination.
In response to increasing utilization of echocardiography, the American Society of Echocardiography along with the American College of Cardiology released Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in 2007, and these have been subsequently updated in 2011. TTE ordering patterns have been evaluated and have shown that between 15-30% of TTE ordered are inappropriate. The highest rate of inappropriate TTE is found in the outpatient environment, where routine or "surveillance" studies are common. These studies have also found that internists and cardiologists order the majority of TTE. The investigators previously documented that an AUC-based educational and feedback intervention reduced the rate of inappropriate TTE by cardiology and internal medicine physicians-in-training. Whether this type of intervention can improve TTE ordering of attending level physicians is not known.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe an operative technique for vaginal hysterectomy (VH) and assess the costs, perioperative, and oncological outcomes for this procedure when used in the treatment of patients with low-risk endometrial cancer (LREC).
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted on patients who underwent VH to treat precursor and invasive endometrial lesions between April 2019 and November 2021 at a single center in São Paulo, Brazil.
RESULTS: Thirty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean patient age was 61.9 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 34. Obese patients (BMI ≥ 30) accounted for 77% of the sample. Preoperative functional capacity measures were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-1 and ECOG-2 for 91% and 9% of the patients, respectively. The mean operative time and length of hospital stay were 109 min and 1.2 days, respectively. Four patients had a conversion of the surgical route to laparotomy. No major intraoperative complications were observed. Patients who underwent surgical conversion had a greater uterine volume (227 versus 107 mL, p = 0.006) and longer operative time (177 versus 96 min, p = 0.001). The total cost associated with VH was, on average, US$ 2058.77 (R$ 10,925.91), representing 47% of the cost associated with non-vaginal routes. Twenty-eight patients received a definitive diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma; of these, three received adjuvant radiotherapy. The mean follow-up period was 34.6 months for the patients diagnosed with cancer. One case of disease recurrence occurred 16.6 months after surgery, with one death at 28.6 months of follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that VH could be a feasible and cost-effective alternative for selected patients with LREC in low-resource settings.
The study will include 1 group. Patients will be treated according to label recommendation as for GT1b (with and without cirrhosis) for 12 weeks. All subjects will receive Ombitasvir+Paritaprevir+Ritonavir (VEKIRAX) and Dasabuvir (EXVIERA).
The Seven Continuous Glucose Monitoring System: Between 24-28 weeks of gestation, the recommended period of glucola testing, a soft sensor for continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) will be inserted superficially under the skin. The patient will be instructed on how to wear and care for the device. She will wear the CGMS for 7 days, then return to the clinic for removal of the device, and downloading of the data. Finger stick blood glucoses will be checked by the patient 2 times daily during the 7 days of wearing the CGMS.
Participants will receive placebo in combination with Peg- IFN-alfa-2a and ribavirin for 16 weeks. Participants will receive Peg- IFN-alfa-2a and ribavirin for next 32 weeks.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject new derivative capable of transferring a gene specifically into hepatocytes and useful as e.g. a gene therapeutic agent for hepatic disorders in combination with a DNA, by modifying an amphiphilic α-helix peptide having gene-transferring capability with galactose group(s). SOLUTION: This new saccharide-modified peptide derivative is such one as to be expressed by e.g. formula I [P is an amphiphilic α-helix peptide group; Q is a direct bond-forming group or a bond-forming group expressed by the formula: NH(CH2 CH2 )f CH2 CO (f) is 1-10}; K is a lysine residue; A is a direct bond-forming group, bond-forming group expressed by the formula; NH(CH2 CH2 O)h CH2 CO  (h) is 1-10} or the formula NH(CH2 )j CO [(j) is 1-6;] (m) is 0-3; (n) is 1-3; Z is a group having galactose group (s)] and to be capable of transferring a gene and to consist of α-helix peptide modified with galactose group(s) and to be useful as e.g. a therapeutic agent for hepatic disorders. This derivative is obtained by reductive amination of e.g. a peptide expressed by formula II with lactose to introduce at least one galactose group into the peptide.
Patients receive 160 mg enzalutamide orally once daily (1 cycle=28 days). Patients will remain on therapy until progression of disease or development of unacceptable toxicities or patient or physician withdrawal. Patients will undergo radiographic imaging every 2 months while on study treatment in order to determine response.
Valacyclovir hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of L-valyl ester of the antiviral drug acyclovir.

Valacyclovir hydrochloride tablets are for oral administration. Each tablet contains valacyclovir hydrochloride equivalent to 500 mg or 1 gram valacyclovir and the inactive ingredients croscarmellose sodium, FD&C Blue No. 2 aluminium lake, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, povidone, talc and titanium dioxide.

The chemical name of valacyclovir hydrochloride is L-valine, 2-[(2-amino-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-9H-purin-9-yl)methoxy]ethyl ester, monohydrochloride. It has the following structural formula:

Valacyclovir hydrochloride is a white to off-white powder with the molecular formula C13H20N6O4•HCl and a molecular weight of 360.80. The maximum solubility in water at 25°C is 174 mg/mL. The pkas for valacyclovir hydrochloride are 1.90, 7.47, and 9.43.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate perceptions of sleep disruptions among patients and staff in the inpatient neurology setting. The objectives were to explore the differences between these groups regarding factors that impact sleep, identify the most significant sleep disruptions, and examine the barriers and opportunities suggested to improve inpatient sleep.
METHODS: A survey-based observational study was conducted on a 25-bed inpatient neurology unit at an academic medical center. Staff and patients completed the Potential Hospital Sleep Disruptions and Noises Questionnaire, and focus groups were held to gather qualitative data. Patient-reported sleep measures were collected for additional assessment. Responses were dichotomized for comparison. Regression models were used to assess associations between disruptors and patient-reported sleep measures. Qualitative thematic analyses were performed.
RESULTS: Forty-nine inpatient staff and 247 patients completed sleep surveys. Top primary patient diagnoses included stroke, epilepsy, autoimmune diseases, and psychogenic nonepileptic attacks. Medical interventions, environmental factors, patient-related factors, and unit workflows emerged as key themes related to sleep disruptions. Patient-reported sleep efficiency was significantly reduced when pain, anxiety, stress, temperature, and medication administration disrupted sleep. Staff perspectives highlighted medical interventions as most disruptive to sleep, while patients did not find them as disruptive as expected.
CONCLUSIONS: Differing perspectives on sleep disruption exist between staff and patients in the inpatient neurology setting. Medical interventions may be overstated in staff perceptions and inpatient sleep research, as pain, anxiety, and stress had the most significant impact on patient-reported sleep efficiency.
CITATION: Kadura S, Poulakis A, Roberts DE, et al. Sleeping with one cerebrum open: patient and staff perceptions of sleep quality and quantity on an inpatient neurology unit. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(4):619-629.
Distribution: In four healthy male volunteers, receiving an intravenous administration of 30 seconds in duration, the arterial blood level profile for Fludeoxyglucose F 18 decayed triexponentially. The effective half-life ranges of the three phases were 0.2 to 0.3 minutes, 10 to 13 minutes with a mean and standard deviation (STD) of 12 ±(1) min, and 80 to 95 minutes with a mean and STD of 88 (±) 4 min.

Plasma protein binding of Fludeoxyglucose F 18 has not been studied.

Metabolism: Fludeoxyglucose F 18 is transported into cells and phosphorylated to [F 18]-FDG-6-phosphate at a rate proportional to the rate of glucose utilization within that tissue. [F 18]-FDG-6-phosphate presumably is metabolized to 2-deoxy-2-[F 18]fluoro-6-phospho-D-mannose ([F 18]FDM-6-phosphate).

Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection may contain several impurities (e.g., 2-deoxy-2-chloro-D-glucose (C1DG)). Biodistribution and metabolism of C1DG are presumed to be similar to Fludeoxyglucose F 18 and would be expected to result in intracellular formation of 2-deoxy-2-chloro-6-phospho-D-glucose (C1DG-6-phosphate) and 2-deoxy-2-chloro-6-phospho-D-mannose (C1DM-6-phosphate). The phosphorylated deoxyglucose compounds are dephosphorylated and the resulting compounds (FDG, FDM, C1DG, and C1DM) presumably leave cells by passive diffusion. Fludeoxyglucose F 18 and related compounds are cleared from non-cardiac tissues within 3 to 24 hours after administration. Clearance from the cardiac tissue may require more than 96 hours. Fludeoxyglucose F 18 that is not involved in glucose metabolism in any tissue is then excreted in the urine.

Elimination: Fludeoxyglucose F 18 is cleared from most tissues within 24 hours and can be eliminated from the body unchanged in the urine. Within 33 minutes, a mean of 3.9% of the administered radioactive dose was measured in the urine. The amount of radiation exposure of the urinary bladder at two hours post-administration suggests that 20.6% (mean) of the radioactive dose was present in the bladder.

Special Populations: The pharmacokinetics of Fludeoxyglucose F 18 Injection have not been studied in renally-impaired, hepatically impaired or pediatric patients. Fludeoxyglucose F 18 is eliminated through the renal system. Avoid excessive radiation exposure to this organ system and adjacent tissues.

The effects of fasting, varying blood sugar levels, conditions of glucose intolerance, and diabetes mellitus on Fludeoxyglucose F 18 distribution in humans have not been ascertained [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
During hospitalization, the experiment treatment of Ozanimod will be given with the standard of care (Recommendations for standard of care management of COVID-19 will be provided for anticoagulation, fluid resuscitation, corticoids and other immunomodulators, antipyretics agents, antiviral agents and other treatments. These recommendations are subject to modifications based on the new literature data.).