anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Postoperative pain represents one of the most common complaints following surgeries. Despite advances in modern medicine, pain following surgical procedures is still a challenge for anesthetists, though significant progress made over the past decades. The mechanism of pain following laparoscopic procedures is thought to be multifactorial. The main causes of pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) are pain from the incision site, pneumoperitoneum and cholecystectomy. Clinicians using different methods for analgesia after LC. like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intraperitoneal local anesthetics, local anesthetics applied to the wound site, removal of the insufflation gas, paravertebral block (PVB), and epidural block. To date, the mainstay of management has been the administration of exogenous opioids such as morphine or fentanyl. However, pain is not always fully relieved by such agents, and often patients develop tolerance to them. The ever-increasing doses of opioids are clearly not without their adverse effects. In addition to that, many patients and even some clinicians wrongly believe that addiction can be inevitable after administration of opioids. Dexmedetomidine is an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist which is a relatively new drug used for procedural sedation. It has sedative and anxiolytic effects and is known for its analgesic potential owing to a reduction of sympathetic tone. Dexmedetomidine has dose-dependent effects, ranging from minimal to deep sedation. Moreover, except at doses that cause very deep sedation or general anesthesia, the sedation is reversible. These are unique properties among the sedative medications in common use. Dexmedetomidine does not impair the respiratory drive per se and seldom causes apnea. However, it has been shown to impair the respiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia and can cause hemodynamic effects such as hypertension, hypotension and bradycardia. Systemic lidocaine has centrally and peripherally analgesic, anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects with reduced side-effects especially if used with appropriate dose. Recently, intravenous lidocaine infusion is considered a part of analgesic therapy regimen that decreases postoperative opioid requirements and enhances convalescence after major surgeries. Dexmedetomidine and lidocaine are common adjuvant medicine anesthetics during operation for the sedative and analgesic properties. Besides, some studies have proved that both are effective in relieving postoperative pain in adults. However, there are very limited studies comparing the effects of the two adjuvant analgesics on postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).
The invention discloses dezocine freeze-dried powder injection. The dezocine freeze-dried powder injection consists of the following components by dosage: 0.5-50mg of dezocine/per injection, 1-25% of a freeze-dried excipient and 0.5-50mg of an antioxidant/per injection, wherein the pH value of the freeze-dried solution is regulated to 3.0-6.0 by use of a pH regulator. Compared with the commercially available preparation, the dezocine freeze-dried powder injection has the advantage that the auxiliary material components are not added with sodium pyrosulfite which is taken as the antioxidant, and the sulfate possibly causes fateful anaphylactic reaction and severe asthma for a susceptible person, so that certain potential safety hazards caused by the sulfate are avoided. The commercially available preparation is added with 30% of propylene glycol as an anti-freezing agent, and made into freeze-dried powder injection in which a special solvent is not needed for separation under a low temperature condition. In a preparation process of the dezocine injection, high-temperature sterilization is needed, and associated substances in the sterilization process are suddenly increased. Compared with the injection, the dezocine freeze-dried powder injection contains less associated substances without being sterilized at the high temperature; and meanwhile, the injection solids are easier to store than the liquid, so that the increase of the associated substances is less, and thus, additional risks are reduced for clinical application.
Hand sanitizers are a standard of hygiene requirements. Hand sanitizers are a standard tool frequently used in hospital settings by healthcare (HCWs) for hand disinfection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that HCWs should use an alcohol-based hand rub, such as a hand sanitizer, or wash their hands with soap and water immediately before and after patient contact, during aseptic tasks, after contact with blood, bodily fluids, or contaminated surfaces, and immediately after glove removal. 1 Additionally, the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on hand hygiene state that alcohol-based handrubs rapidly and effectively inactivate a wide array of potentially harmful microorganisms on hands. 2 Hand sanitizers must be effective at reducing germ count on the hands while ideally providing emollients to moisturize the skin after use. To improve compliance with hand sanitizing protocols, hand sanitizers should provide a pleasant touch and feel experience for users, especially for healthcare worker (HCW) users.

The goal of this study is to evaluate the user touch and feel experience of two hand sanitizer foam products produced by Medline and GOJO when the products are used by HCWs.
The present invention relates to an acetazolamide eye droplet and an application method thereof in treating glaucoma. The present invention relates to an acetazolamide solution eye droplet preparation which is suitable for treating glaucoma and is partially used. The preparation mainly comprises acetazolamide, poloxamer as polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymer which has the functions of cooperation solubilization, prolongation effect, moistening and local absorption promotion, and a cooperation solubilizing liquid carrier system. In the preparation, a buffering system and/or an isoosmotic adjusting agent and/or a preservative agent can be added. The dissolvability of the acetazolamide can be increased by the preparation, the stability of water solution of the acetazolamide is enhanced, and the cornea penetrativity of the acetazolamide is strengthened. The partial application of the acetazolamide is realized by the preparation, and therefore, the dosage is greatly reduced. Side effect, such as disturbance of the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system and the electrolyte and the like, caused by a preparation for the whole body, such as an acetazolamide oral taking preparation for the whole body, or an acetazolamide injection preparation for the whole body and the like , can be effectively avoided and even eliminated.
Diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma (T1smN0 or T2N0 via EUS). Deemed inoperable based on the following criteria: co-morbid conditions such as severe heart, lung, kidney, or liver disease; or refusal of surgical intervention. CT scan demonstrating no evidence of advanced esophageal cancer (extension into or through the wall or lymph node involvement).
A 3D surface wound, injury, and personal protective equipment (PPE) data entry system provides an easily usable graphical user interface through which an examiner can objectively record data relating to surface wounds and injuries sustained by a subject human, as well as PPE used when the wounds/injuries were sustained. The system includes a 3D human model onto which the examiner draws the surface wound(s) and/or damage to the PPE. The subject human's record is stored in a database of similar records. The database records comprise quantifiable, objective data that is easily compared and analyzed. An analysis tool can aggregate a selected population of human subjects within the database to create wound density information that can be statistically analyzed and/or displayed on a standard 3D human model. Such objective wound density information may facilitate improved medical and/or tactical training, and improved PPE design.
A randomized, controlled, cross-over study designed to examine the post-prandial glycaemic response to peas in soup will be conducted at the I.H. Asper Clinical Research Institute in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Eligible participants who have provided consent will be asked to attend 3 clinic visits in a fasted state. Participants will be given soup containing peas at 2 visits and soup without peas at 1 visit. At each visit participants will provide 7 capillary blood samples via finger poke, 5 questionnaires about their appetite and a questionnaire about the acceptability of the products. Each visit will last approximately 2.5h and be separated by 3-14 days.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent complication of cirrhosis and may cause cerebral damage. Neurodegenerative diseases can induce the release of neuroproteins like neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in body fluids, including blood plasma. We investigated whether NfL and GFAP could serve as potential diagnostic plasma biomarkers for overt HE (oHE).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 85 patients from three prospective cohorts with different stages of liver disease and HE severity. The following patients were included: 1) 34 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) with compensated disease; 2) 17 patients with advanced liver disease without oHE before elective transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement; 3) 17 intensive care unit (ICU) patients with oHE and 17 ICU patients without cirrhosis or oHE. Plasma NfL and GFAP were measured using single molecule assays.
RESULTS: ICU oHE patients had higher NfL concentrations compared to pre-TIPS patients or ICU controls (p < 0.05, each). Median GFAP concentrations were equal in the ICU oHE and pre-TIPS patients or ICU controls. Plasma NfL and GFAP concentrations correlated with Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores (R = 0.58 and R = 0.40, p < 0.001, each).
CONCLUSIONS: Plasma NfL deserves further evaluation as potential diagnostic biomarker for oHE and correlates with the MELD score.
PURPOSE:To obtain an antiulcer agent containing a compound in which ascorbic acid is linked to tocopherol through phosphoric acid as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION:An antiulcer agent obtained by containing a compound expressed by the formula (R1 and R2 are H or methyl) or salt thereof (e.g. sodium, potassium or magnesium salt). Both oral and parenteral means can be applied to administration of the agent. In the case of oral administration, forms, such as tablet, capsule, powder or granule, are cited. In the case of parenteral administration, the agent is preferably prepared in the form of injection. Furthermore, the agent is prepared so as to provide 0.01-10wt./vol.% content of the compound expressed by the formula in the case of the injection and 100-1,000mg/ human/day dose in the case of parenteral agent. Other drugs may be blended unless they are adverse to the purpose.
Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe pisi DC is a global notorious disease on peas. Deploying resistance pea cultivars is the most efficient and environmentally friendly method for disease control. This study focuses on revealing the resistance genes in three pea germplasms and developing their functional markers for resistance breeding. The identification of resistance genes involved genetic mapping and the sequencing of the pea mildew resistance locus O homolog PsMLO1 gene. To confirm the heredity of three resistant germplasms, they were crossed with susceptible cultivars to generate F1, F2, and F2:3 populations. The F1 generation exhibited susceptibility to E. pisi, whereas the segregation patterns in subsequent generations adhered to the 3:1 (susceptible: resistant) and 1:2:1 (susceptible homozygotes: heterozygotes: resistant homozygotes) ratios, indicating that powdery mildew resistance was governed by a single recessive gene in each germplasm. Analysis of er1-linked markers and genetic mapping suggested that the resistance genes could be er1 alleles in these germplasms. The multiple clone sequencing results of the three homologous PsMLO1 genes showed they were novel er1 alleles, named er1-15, er1-16, and er1-17. The er1-15 and er1-16 were caused by 1-bp deletion at position 335 (A) and 429 (T) in exon 3, respectively, whereas er1-17 was caused by a 1-bp insertion at position 248 in exon 3, causing a frame-shift mutation and premature termination of PsMLO1 protein translation. Their respective functional markers, kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP)-er1-15, KASP-er1-16, and KASP-er1-17, were successfully developed and validated in respective mapping populations and pea germplasms. These results provide valuable tools for pea breeding resistance to E. pisi.
Natural and recombinant interferons are stabilised with bidistlled water, lactose, albumin, sodium mono-and dihydrophosphates, (c5h10o5)n, such arabic gum. The material obtained is sprayed on to an excipient comprising of 20 arabic gum, 30 lactose and 50 starch for manufacturing tablets of 100mg each containing 200 i.U. of human alfa-interferon. The final solution is sprayed on to an excipient comprising of 20 arabic gum, 30 lactose and 50 starch for manufacturing tablets of 100mg each containing 200 i.U. of human alfa-interferon. The tablets are sublingually administered to the patient for treatment of viral infections sensitive to interferon, such as aids.
Three subjects received a single oral dose (25 mg) of ACT-541468 formulation A during Period 1 and a single oral dose (25 mg) of ACT-541468 formulation B during Period 2. Three other subjects Subjects received ACT-541468 formulation B during Period 1 and ACT-541468 formulation A during Period 2. Two additional subjects received the matching placebos in both treatment periods.
Nafcillin for Injection, USP is semisynthetic penicillin derived from the penicillin nucleus, 6-aminopenicillanic acid. The chemical name of nafcillin sodium is Monosodium (2S,5R,6R)-6-(2-ethoxy-1-naphthamido)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylate monohydrate. It is resistant to inactivation by the enzyme penicillinase (beta-lactamase). The structural formula of nafcillin sodium is as follows:

Nafcillin for Injection, USP for the intramuscular or intravenous route of administration, contains nafcillin sodium as a sterile white to off-white crystalline dry powder for reconstitution. The reconstituted solution is a clear and colorless solution. The pH of the reconstituted solution is 6 to 8.5. Nafcillin for Injection, USP contains nafcillin sodium as the monohydrate equivalent to 1 gram or 2 grams of nafcillin per vial and is buffered with approximately 38 mg sodium citrate per gram. The sodium content is about 66 mg [2.9 mEq] per gram nafcillin.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, with no renoprotective drug available. Previous research focused on single drug targets, yet this approach has not reached translational success. Given the complexity of this condition, we aimed to identify a disease module and apply a multitarget network pharmacology approach.
METHODS: Identification of a disease module with potential drug targets was performed utilizing Disease Module Detection algorithm using NADPH oxidases (NOXs) as seeds. We then assessed the protective effect of a multitarget network pharmacology targeting the identified module in a rat model of RIRI. Rats were divided into five groups; sham, RIRI, and RIRI treated with setanaxib (NOX inhibitor, 10 mg/kg), etanercept (TNF-α inhibitor, 10 mg/kg), and setanaxib and etanercept (5 mg/kg each). Kidney functions, histopathological changes and oxidative stress markers (MDA and reduced GSH) were assessed. Immunohistochemistry of inflammatory (TNF-α, NF-κB) apoptotic (cCasp-3, Bax/Bcl 2), fibrotic (α-SMA) and proteolysis (MMP-9) markers was performed.
RESULTS: Our in-silico analysis yielded a disease module with TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1A) as the closest target to both NOX1 and NOX2. Targeting this module by a low-dose combination of setanaxib, and etanercept, resulted in a synergistic effect and ameliorated ischemic AKI in rats. This was evidenced by improved kidney function and reduced expression of inflammatory, apoptotic, proteolytic and fibrotic markers.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that applying a multitarget network pharmacology approach allows synergistic renoprotective effect in ischemic AKI and might pave the way towards translational success.
A 2-year rat carcinogenicity study was performed with treprostinil inhalation at target doses of 5.26, 10.6, and 34.1 mcg/kg/day. There was no evidence for carcinogenic potential associated with treprostinil inhalation in rats at systemic exposure levels up to 36 times the clinical exposure at the 64 mcg dose of treprostinil inhalation powder. In vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology studies did not demonstrate any mutagenic or clastogenic effects of treprostinil. Treprostinil sodium did not affect fertility or mating performance of male or female rats given continuous subcutaneous infusions at rates of up to 450 ng treprostinil/kg/min. In this study, males were dosed from 10 weeks prior to mating and through the 2-week mating period. Females were dosed from 2 weeks prior to mating until gestational day 6.

Oral administration of treprostinil diolamine to Tg.rasH2 mice at 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day in males and 0, 3, 7.5, and 15 mg/kg/day in females daily for 26 weeks did not significantly increase the incidence of tumors.

Treprostinil diolamine was tested in vivo in a rat micronucleus assay and did not induce an increased incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The prognostic weight of further decompensation in cirrhosis is still unclear. We investigated the incidence of further decompensation and its effect on mortality in patients with cirrhosis.
APPROACH AND RESULTS: Multicenter cohort study. The cumulative incidence of further decompensation (development of a second event or complication of a decompensating event) was assessed using competing risks analysis in 2028 patients. A 4-state model was built: first decompensation, further decompensation, liver transplant, and death. A cause-specific Cox model was used to assess the adjusted effect of further decompensation on mortality. Sensitivity analyses were performed for patients included before or after 1999. In a mean follow-up of 43 months, 1192 patients developed further decompensation and 649 died. Corresponding 5-year cumulative incidences were 52% and 35%, respectively. The cumulative incidences of death and liver transplant after further decompensation were 55% and 9.7%, respectively. The most common further decompensating event was ascites/complications of ascites. Five-year probabilities of state occupation were 24% alive with first decompensation, 21% alive with further decompensation, 7% alive with a liver transplant, 16% dead after first decompensation without further decompensation, 31% dead after further decompensation, and <1% dead after liver transplant. The HR for death after further decompensation, adjusted for known prognostic indicators, was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.23-1.71) ( p <0.001). The significant impact of further decompensation on survival was confirmed in patients included before or after 1999.
CONCLUSIONS: In cirrhosis, further decompensation occurs in ~60% of patients, significantly increases mortality, and should be considered a more advanced stage of decompensated cirrhosis.
Participants will receive INCB000928 for 24 weeks (double-blind period). Participants who complete the double-blind period will continue into open-label extension period for an additional 52 weeks.
Hidden hearing loss (HHL), a recently described auditory neuropathy characterized by normal audiometric thresholds but reduced sound-evoked cochlear compound action potentials, has been proposed to contribute to hearing difficulty in noisy environments in people with normal hearing thresholds and has become a widespread complaint. While most studies on HHL pathogenesis have focused on inner hair cell (IHC) synaptopathy, we recently showed that transient auditory nerve (AN) demyelination also causes HHL in mice. To test the effect of myelinopathy on hearing in a clinically relevant model, we studied a mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A (CMT1A), the most prevalent hereditary peripheral neuropathy in humans. CMT1A mice exhibited the functional hallmarks of HHL together with disorganization of AN heminodes near the IHCs with minor loss of AN fibers. These results support the hypothesis that mild disruptions of AN myelination can cause HHL and that heminodal defects contribute to the alterations in the sound-evoked cochlear compound action potentials seen in this mouse model. Furthermore, these findings suggest that patients with CMT1A or other mild peripheral neuropathies are likely to suffer from HHL. Furthermore, these results suggest that studies of hearing in patients with CMT1A might help develop robust clinical tests for HHL, which are currently lacking.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. KEVZARA solution should be clear and colorless to pale yellow. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, discolored or contains particles, or if any part of the pre-filled syringe or pre-filled pen appears to be damaged.

Rotate injection sites with each injection. Do not inject into skin that is tender, damaged, or has bruises or scars.

Pre-filled Pen and Pre-filled Syringe

  * KEVZARA is intended for use under the guidance of a healthcare professional. A patient may self-inject KEVZARA or the patient's caregiver may administer KEVZARA. Provide proper training to patients and/or caregivers on the preparation and administration of KEVZARA prior to use according to the Instructions for Use (IFU).
  * Allow the pre-filled syringe to sit at room temperature for 30 minutes prior to subcutaneous injection. Do not warm KEVZARA in any other way.
  * If using a pre-filled pen, allow the pre-filled pen to sit at room temperature for 60 minutes prior to subcutaneous injection. Do not warm KEVZARA in any other way. 
  * Instruct patients to inject the full amount in the syringe or pen (1.14 mL), which provides 200 mg or 150 mg of KEVZARA, according to the directions provided in the IFU.
  * The ability of pediatric patients to self-inject with the pre-filled pen has not been tested.
A skin patch for delivering scent to a human nose includes a flexible base member configured to be adhered between a base of the nose and a vermillion border. The flexible base member defines an outer perimeter having a left edge, a right edge, an upper edge extending from the left edge to the right edge, and a lower edge opposite the upper edge and extending from the left edge to the right edge. The flexible base member includes a first side and a second side opposite the first side, the second side including a skin contact adhesive. A plurality of perforations through the flexible base member extend from the first side to the second side. The perforations are distributed across the flexible base member. A non-perforated section of the flexible base member carries a scented portion.