anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Because HCC is insidious and early diagnosis is difficult, most patients have locally advanced or distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. So they are not suitable candidates for curative treatments by resection or transplantation. Currently, There are only not more than five drugs to be selected for advanced HCC, although it prolongs the survival for less than 3 months. Recently, metabolomics studies of HCC have shown that typical Warburg effect was observed in hepatoma carcinoma cells. Arginine hydrochloride is a new anticancer drug in the treatment of HCC, which is mainly aimed at the pathway of energy metabolism. levamisole may play an anti-tumor role by inhibiting the reverse TCA cycle. The investigators have been proceeding this trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of arginine hydrochloride combined with levamisole in the treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
Most patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suffer from at least one additional, clinically relevant chronic disease. To a degree, the high global prevalence and mortality rate of COPD is closely related to its extrapulmonary effects. Moreover, the various of comorbidities of COPD and itself interact with each other, resulting in diverse clinical manifestations and individual differences, and thus further influencing the prognosis as well as healthcare burden of COPD patients. This is closely related to the common risk factors of chronic diseases (aging, smoking, inactivity, etc.). Additionally, some pathophysiological mechanisms caused by COPD, including the systemic inflammatory response, hypoxia, oxidative stress, and others, also have an impact on other systems. But comprehensive management and medical interventions have not yet been established. The clinicians should improve their knowledge and skills in diagnosing as well as treating the comorbidities of COPD, and then aim to develop more individualized, efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for different patients to achieve greater clinical benefits. In this article, we will review the risk factors, mechanisms, and treatment strategies for extrapulmonary comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, anemia, osteoporosis, emotional disorders, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Drug: tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) Either placebo or BH4, 10mg/kg/day will be given for three months. Then the patient will be given three additional months of open label BH4 at the same rate.
A method is disclosed for improving the efficiency of producing chitin and chitosan, particularly biocompatible chitosan. Crustacean shells are maintained at a high temperature for a sufficient time to convert most of the chitin in the shells to an amorphous form. The shells are then rapidly cooled, for example by plunging into liquid nitrogen, so that most of the chitin in the shells remains in the amorphous form. These “quenched” shells are then deproteinized and demineralized to produce chitin. The chitin may be deacetylated to produce chitosan. High purity chitin or chitosan is thereby produced at a lower cost than has been possible using previous methods. Biocompatible chitosan produced by this process may be used for the delivery of cells or bioactive agents, or for other applications. It is believed that the heating followed by immediate quenching enhances the formation of chitin chains in an amorphous or a relaxed form, making them more susceptible to attack by acid or alkali during the subsequent treatment steps. Making the chitin amorphous allows the more efficient and economical production of chitosan, using lower quantities of chemicals such as hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, thus making the entire production process both more economical and less polluting.
1. An oral compacted composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of entacapone, nitecapone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and cross-linked derivative of cellulose. 2. The composition according to claim 1, comprising entacapone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and cross-linked derivative of cellulose. 3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the amount of cross-linked derivative of cellulose in the composition is at least 6% by weight. 4. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the amount of cross-linked derivative of cellulose in the composition is from about 8% to about 16% by weight. 5. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the amount of cross-linked derivative of cellulose in the composition is from about 10% to about 14% by weight. 6. The composition according to claims 1-5 wherein the cross-linked derivative of cellulose is a cross-linked carboxymethylcellulose or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. 7. The composition according to claims 1-5 wherein the cross-linked derivative of cellulose is croscarmellose sodium. 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a tablet. 9. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the amount of entacapone is from about 5 mg to about 400 mg. 10. A method for preparing an oral compacted composition comprising entacapone, nitecapone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the method comprises a) mixing a pharmaceutically effective amount of entacapone, nitecapone, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, one or more auxiliary agents and croscarmellose sodium to obtain a first mixture; b) compacting and crushing the first mixture one or more times to obtain a plurality of granules; c) adding a lubricant, a glidant, or a mixture thereof to the granules to obtain a second mixture; and d) compressing the second mixture into a plurality of tablets. 11. The method according to claim 11, wherein the amount of croscarmellose sodium in the composition is at least 6% by weight. 12. The method according to claim 12, wherein the amount of croscarmellose sodium in the composition is from about 8% to about 16% by weight. 13. The method according to claim 13, wherein the amount of croscarmellose sodium in the composition is from about 10% to about 14% by weight. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein at least one of the auxiliary agents is water-soluble. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the amount of entacapone is from about 5 to about 400 mg. 16. The composition according to claims 10-15 wherein the cross-linked derivative of cellulose is a cross-linked carboxymethylcellulose or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. 17. The composition according to claims 1-5 wherein the cross-linked derivative of cellulose is croscarmellose sodium.
Breast cancer remains a significant health concern, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important in early-stage tumor to invasive malignancy progression. Snail, a central EMT component, is tightly regulated and may be subjected to proteasomal degradation. We report a novel proteasomal independent pathway involving chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in Snail degradation, mediated via its cytosolic interaction with HSC70 and lysosomal targeting, which prevented its accumulation in luminal-type breast cancer cells. Conversely, Snail predominantly localized to the nucleus, thus evading CMA-mediated degradation in TNBC cells. Starvation-induced CMA activation downregulated Snail in TNBC cells by promoting cytoplasmic translocation. Evasion of CMA-mediated Snail degradation induced EMT, and enhanced metastatic potential of luminal-type breast cancer cells. Our findings elucidate a previously unrecognized role of CMA in Snail regulation, highlight its significance in breast cancer, and provide a potential therapeutic target for clinical interventions.
The invention relates to purposes of polygonum cuspidatum extract, namely polydatin. Myocardial hypertrophy is the most important reason for triggering congestive heart failure. Ventricular hypertrophy usually involves ventricular structure change, namely ventricular remodeling. The ventricular remodeling is a complication of multiple cardiovascular diseases and a vital and decisive element in the development process of the congestive heart failure. The arrhythmia occurrence rate after the myocardial remodeling is increased by 28%, and cardiac sudden deaths caused in the end are increased by over five times. It is indicated that through in vitro study tests, the polydatin remarkably restrains heart ion channels caused by ischemia indury of mice from remodeling and has a great protective effect for arrhythmia, and therefore the polydatin can be used for preparing products resisting against arrhythmia caused by myocardial hypertrophy and/or ventricular hypertrophy. According to the method, the polydatin plays the anti-arrhythmic role by increasing the electric current density of transient outward potassium current (Ito), shortening the action potential duration (APD) of cardiac muscle cells and restraining the QT inter-phase from being prolonged.
A compound represented by general formula (I) or a possible stereoisomer or optical isomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 represent each hydrogen, etc.; R6 and R7 represent each optionally substituted lower alkyl, etc.; A represents a group represented by general formula (II), etc. wherein R5 represents hydrogen, etc.; and n represents an integer of 2 to 6). The compound (I) has not only a vasorelaxation activity (calcium antagonism) and a lipid peroxide inhibitor activity but also a calcium overload inhibitor activity, and is useful as a preventive or remedy for ischemic diseases and as a hypotensive.
Healthy participants will have 2 PET/CT scan in Part 1: within 7 days of eligibility being confirmed, and 7 days after the first PET/CT scan. Participants will receive Fluorodeoxyglucose F-18 (FDG) as part of the PET/CT procedures and will provide sputum/blood samples.
The study is an open label pilot study to determine the feasibility of same day discharge following total knee arthroplasty with the use of a fast track regimen employing motor sparing knee blocks. The study will be performed on 25 American Society of Anesthesiologists class (ASA) 1-2 patients satisfying the inclusion criteria and undergoing unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty. First and second patients of the day undergoing surgery between Monday to Thursday in a week will be accessed for the study.
Subjects presenting with 0.8 - 3 cm solitary pulmonary nodules with high probability for malignance. The subject must be scheduled for a lung biopsy procedure to determine clinical diagnosis.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a GL (glycyrrhizin) subcutaneous injection preparation subcutaneously administering an effective amount of the GL in a small amount, to provide a method for producing the preparation and to provide an agent for liver diseases, an agent for dermatosis, an antiallergic agent, an antiviral agent, an ameliorating agent for ischemic reperfusion injuries and a therapeutic agent for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases composed of the GL subcutaneous injection preparation.  <P>SOLUTION: The GL subcutaneous injection preparation is characterized in that at least one kind of powder selected from the GL and its pharmaceutically acceptable salt is formulated in an oily base. The method for producing the GL subcutaneous injection preparation is characterized as follows. The oily base is mixed with at least the one kind of powder selected from the GL and its pharmaceutically acceptable salt to uniformly disperse the powder in the oily base. Thereby, the GL subcutaneous injection preparation is obtained.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Approximately 120 Chinese subjects will be enrolled and randomized to treatment group and control group in 1:1 fashion, approximately 60 subjects in each group. Eligible subjects are HER2 positive, metastatic breast cancer who has received at least 2 prior lines of anti-HER2 directed therapy in the metastatic setting (mandatory to have trastuzumab, and other anti-HER2 agents e.g. lapatinib, pyrotinib, and pertuzumab; in case of having received (neo)adjuvant anti-HER2 therapy) in Chinese patients (Mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan). Subjects should Have received treatment with at least one, and no more than three, lines of therapy overall in the metastatic setting (including anti-HER2 directed therapy and chemotherapy, and patients must have progressed on or following, the most recent line of therapy, based on RECIST 1.1.

Eligible subjects will be randomized 1:1 to receive margetuximab plus chemotherapy compared with trastuzumab plus chemotherapy. The dosage and administering of margetuximab is 15 mg/kg IV Q3W. Trastuzumab was administered 8 mg/kg loading dose, 6 mg/kg subsequent doses, IV Q3W. Prior to randomization to either margetuximab or trastuzumab, investigators selected one of four backbone chemotherapy regimens given at standard doses: capecitabine, vinorelbine or gemcitabine. Capecitabine and vinorelbine should be selected in priority. Gemcitabine could be selected only if capecitabine and vinorelbine were used in previous treatment. Subject will receive the treatment until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of consent, initiation of subsequent anti-tumor treatment therapy, or death (whichever occurs first). Subject is not allowed to crossover after disease progression. Randomization was stratified by number of metastatic sites (≤2, \>2) and chemotherapy chosen.

The definition of HER2 positive is to have at least once 3+ by IHC, FISH positive or CISH positive in the pathological test/retesting. Subject should provide original biopsy/surgical excision tissue sample/latest follow-up sample after randomization, for the centralized test and review when necessary.
A system and corresponding method are described for multi-frequency ultrasonically-encoded tomography of a target object. One or more probe inputs generate probe input signals to the target object. An ultrasound transducer array is placed on the outer surface of the target object and has multiple ultrasound transducers each generating a different time-dependent waveform to form a plurality of ultrasound input signals to a target probe volume within the target object. A photorefractive crystal mixes scattered light output signals from the target probe volume with an optical reference beam input to produce optical tomography output signals including ultrasound sum frequencies components. A photodetector senses the optical tomography output signals from the photorefractive crystal. A tomography analysis of the tomography output signals including the ultrasound sum frequencies components is performed to create a three-dimensional object map representing structural and/or functional characteristics of the target object.
Oxandrin, at daily doses of 5 mg bid, and 10 mg bid, was evaluated in four clinical trials involving a total of 339 patients with different underlying medical conditions. The maximum duration of treatment was 4 months with the average duration of treatment from 68.5 days to 94.7 days across the studies. A total of 172 elderly patients ( ≥ 65 years of age) received Oxandrin treatment. Mean weight gain was similar in those ≥ 65 and those < 65 years of age. No significant differences in efficacy were detected between the 5 mg bid and 10 mg bid daily doses. The adverse event profiles were similar between the two age groups although the elderly, particularly in women, had a greater sensitivity to fluid retention and increases in hepatic transaminases. A single dose pharmacokinetic study in elderly volunteers revealed an increased half-life when compared to younger volunteers. (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY) Based on greater sensitivity to drug-induced fluid retention and transaminase elevations, a lower dose is recommended in the elderly (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
The invention relates to a glucagon-like peptide-1 and an application thereof. The structure of a GLP-1 derivative is shown as a formula. The invention also relates to an officinal salt, a solvate, a chelate or a non-covalent compound, a prodrug based on the compound, or a mixture thereof, which are composed of the compound shown by the formula. The compound provided by the invention has stable chemical property and is difficult to be degraded by interior dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). When the compound or a drug, which is prepared by taking the compound as active ingredient, is used for reducing the interior blood sugar concentration, a plasma half-life is very long (more than 30 hours) and a sugar-reducing effect is obvious. In the formula, Aib is methylalanine and X is selected from glycine or glycinamide.
NEW MATERIAL:A protein having the following characteristics. Molecular weight, 55,000+ or -3,000 (by gel-filtration); isoelectric point, pH6.7+ or -0.5; appearance, colorless and transparent as a 0.02M tris HCl buffer solution (pH7.8) containing 3mg of the protein per 1ml; forms precipitate by adding >=70V/V% acetone or ethanol to the above solution; nature of aqueous solution, weakly acidic; color reactions, color reactions of peptide bond and amino acid are positive by biuret reaction, Folin-Lowry reaction and ninhydrin reaction after the hydrolysis with HCl; exhibits direct cytotoxicity to cultured cell mouse L-cell in vitro; exhibits antitumor activity in vivo to female mouse affected with A-sarcoma. USE:Carcinostatic agent. PREPARATION:The objective carcinostatic protein can be prepared by treating a cultured and established human lymphocyte (e.g. T-cell, myeloid cell, etc.) with an agent for inducing antitumor substance (e.g. various viruses).
An impression moulding composition suitable for use in dentistry comprises not more than 20 wt. per cent of a dihydroxy terminated polysiloxane of viscosity not above 5000 cs., at least 10 wt. per cent of an oily hydrocarbon or ester boiling above 150 DEG  C. and at least one filler. The polysiloxanes are exemplified by polydimethylsiloxane; the hydrocarbons and esters by mineral and fatty ester oils, phthalates and synthetic paraffinic oils; and the fillers by anhydrite, kaolin, barium sulphate, cryolite, siliceous chalk, pulverulent asbestos and powdered aluminium or copper.  The composition may also contain thickening agents; emulsifying agents, e.g. polyethylene oxide; cross-linking agents, e.g. silicic or titanic C1- 4 alkyl esters; and hardeners, e.g. dialkyl tin fatty acid esters.
ELCYS® (cysteine hydrochloride injection) is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution for intravenous use. Each 50 mL of ELCYS® contains 2500 mg of cysteine hydrochloride, USP (equivalent to 345 mg of cysteine) in water for injection. Sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid are used as needed to adjust the pH. The pH range is 1.0 to 2.5.

The active ingredient is cysteine hydrochloride. Cysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid. The chemical name of cysteine hydrochloride is L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate and is chemically designated as C3H7NO2S • HCI • H2O having a molecular weight of 175.63. Cysteine hydrochloride is a white crystalline powder soluble in water. Cysteine aqueous solution is prone to oxidation when exposed to air, and when mixed with amino acids solutions, cysteine may convert to insoluble cystine which leads to precipitation over time. It has the following structural formula:

ELCYS® contains no more than 80 mcg/L of aluminum.
Phase I: Single doses of VIR-7832 will be administered by intravenous (IV) infusion. The starting dose will be 50 mg, and dose escalations of 150 and 500 mg are anticipated.
KIFC3 is a member of the Kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs). The role of KIFC3 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the function of KIFC3 in NSCLC and the underlying mechanism. Immunohistochemistry indicated that KIFC3 was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and correlated with the degree of differentiation, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. MTT, colony formation and Transwell assays demonstrated that KIFC3 overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro, while KIFC3 knockdown led to the opposite results. The protein expression levels of PI3Kp85α and p-Akt were increased after KIFC3 overexpression, meanwhile the downstream protein expression levels such as cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6, RhoA, RhoC and MMP2 were increased. This promotion effect could be inhibited by a specific inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt pathway, LY294002. Co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the interaction between endogenous/exogenous KIFC3 and PI3Kp85α. Tumor formation experiments in nude mice confirmed that KIFC3 overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells in vivo and performed its biological function through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.In conclusion, KIFC3 promotes the malignant behavior of NSCLC cells through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
This will be a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. One hundred and twenty cocaine-dependent men and women will be randomized to one of three treatment groups: placebo (n=40), 8 mg/day (n=40), and 16 mg/day (n=40) of extended release (ER) galantamine. An urn randomization will be used to balance the groups for gender, severity of cocaine use (measured by days of cocaine use), baseline cognitive functioning \[determined via the Shipley Institute of Living Scale (SILS)\], and smoking status. Gender and severity of cocaine use have been shown to predict treatment responses in cocaine users (76). Similarly, balancing the treatment groups for baseline cognitive functioning, assessed with the SILS scores, will minimize the influence of baseline differences on cognitive outcomes (77, 78). Smoking status is also an important baseline variable, given galantamine's actions on nicotinic receptors and its potential efficacy for smoking cessation (65). The initial dose of galantamine will be 8 mg/day as a single dose, as recommended for clinical use. For those assigned to 16 mg/day, the dose of galantamine will be increased to 16 mg at the end of week 4. Treatment groups will remain on their full dosage through week 13. All participants will receive contingency management (CM) targeting treatment compliance. In three previous cocaine pharmacotherapy trials using bupropion, desipramine or levodopa, medication efficacy on cocaine use was evident only when medications were combined with CM, but not with standard care (79-81). These findings provide a strong rationale for using CM in our clinical trial.

Recruitment is continuing. This protocol was amended as of May 2014 to come to one dispensing visit and up too, two clinic visits. The payment has changed from gift cards to cash. This change should help increase the number of completers.

Currently there are 40 completers with 9 active and 6 in follow up phase. The follow up phase ended June 2016. Currently in analysis.