anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Gemcitabine is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor. Gemcitabine Hydrochloride is 2’-deoxy-2’,2’-difluorocytidine monohydrochloride (β-isomer) with the following molecular structure:

Gemcitabine Hydrochloride is a white to off white crystalline powder. The empirical formula for gemcitabine hydrochloride is C 9H 11F 2N 3O 4• HCl and the molecular weight is 299.66. 

Gemcitabine HCl is soluble in water, slightly soluble in methanol, and practically insoluble in ethanol and polar organic solvents.

Gemcitabine Injection is a sterile, clear colorless to pale yellow solution that is provided in 100mg/mL multiple-dose vials for intravenous use only. Gemcitabine Injection is available in four presentations: 200 mg/2 mL, 1 g/10 mL, 1.5 g/15 mL or 2 g/20 mL. Each mL contains 100 mg of gemcitabine free base (equivalent to 113.85 mg of gemcitabine hydrochloride), 250 mg PEG-300, 150 mg propylene glycol, and 16 mg sodium hydroxide in dehydrated alcohol. Sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid may have been added for pH adjustment.
NEW MATERIAL:A 4H-quinolizin-4-one derivative expressed by formula I (Y is O or S; n is an integer of 1-6; R<1> is H or halogen; R<2> is lower alkyl). EXAMPLE:2'-(4-Chlorophenoxy)ethyl 3-cyano-2-methylthio-4H-quinolizin-4-one-1- carboxylate. USE:A selective inhibitor for production of IgE antibody, useful as a remedy for diseases caused by IgE, e.g. bronchial asthma, rhinits, dermatitis, anaphylaxia, etc., hardly affecting production of IgG antibody, etc., important to phylaxis and sustainedly acting on production of IgE antibody. PREPARATION:A partially novel compound expressed by formula II is reacted with a compound expressed by formula III to afford the aimed compound expressed by formula I. Furthermore, the partially novel compound expressed by formula II is obtained by reacting 2-pyridylacetic acid with a compound expressed by formula IV according to a conventional method.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a flaky fine powder which is prepared by subjecting a flaky substrate such as mica to a special treatment on its surface and shows good feeling and facilitate uniform dispersion, when it is formulated to cosmetics or the like. SOLUTION: Fine particles of an inorganic compound having functions such as ultraviolet screening, deodorization, coloration, infrared screening, moisture absorption, oil absorption or the like are supported on the surface of the flaky substrate so that its dynamic friction coefficient may become <=1.0. The fine particles of inorganic compound is one, or two or more selected from among TiO2 , Fe2 O3 , CeO2 , ZnO, SiO2 , MgO, Al2 O3 , CaO, ZrO2 and inorganic pigments. The flaky substrate is, for example, white mica, black mica, sericite, talc, platelet silica, platelet titania or flaky glass. The substrate is preferably <=1μm thick. The amount of this inorganic fine powder on the flaky substrate is about 1-70wt.% in case of spherical fine particles, while about 5-40wt.% in the case of other than sphere.  This fine-particle powder is formulated to a cosmetic in an amount of about 1-80wt.%.
The present invention discloses one kind of apoptosis inhibiting gene resisting prawn white spot virus and its preparation process and application. Through the steps of spawn primary cell culture, virus extraction and purification, virus DNA extraction, constructing virus genome Cos library and searching apoptosis inhibiting gene from Cos library, the Cos plasmid library of spawn virus genome DNA is constructed. The selected Cos plamid is cloned and used to transfect together with the recombinant Autographa California multiple nuclear polyhedrous virus with deletion of apoptosis inhibiting gene P35. The apoptosis inhibiting gene is then obtained through label rescuing method and sequence analysis and test. The gene expression product rescues P35 gene function, inhibits apoptosis and backs up the copying of recombinant AcMNPV-Delta35/pol+ with deletion of apoptosis inhibiting gene P35 and the forming of polyhedrous body. The apoptosis inhibiting gene is used in resisting prawn white spot virus.
Colonoscopy is accurate but inefficient for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention due to the low (~ 7 to 8%) prevalence of target lesions, advanced adenomas. We leveraged rectal mucosa to identify patients who harbor CRC field carcinogenesis by evaluating chromatin 3D architecture. Supranucleosomal disordered chromatin chains (~ 5 to 20 nm, ~1 kbp) fold into chromatin packing domains (~ 100 to 200 nm, ~ 100 to 1000 kbp). In turn, the fractal-like conformation of DNA within chromatin domains and the folding of the genome into packing domains has been shown to influence multiple facets of gene transcription, including the transcriptional plasticity of cancer cells. We deployed an optical spectroscopic nanosensing technique, chromatin-sensitive partial wave spectroscopic microscopy (csPWS), to evaluate the packing density scaling D of the chromatin chain conformation within packing domains from rectal mucosa in 256 patients with varying degrees of progression to colorectal cancer. We found average packing scaling D of chromatin domains was elevated in tumor cells, histologically normal-appearing cells 4 cm proximal to the tumor, and histologically normal-appearing rectal mucosa compared to cells from control patients (p < 0.001). Nuclear D had a robust correlation with the model of 5-year risk of CRC with r2 = 0.94. Furthermore, rectal D was evaluated as a screening biomarker for patients with advanced adenomas presenting an AUC of 0.85 and 85% sensitivity and specificity. artificial intelligence-enhanced csPWS improved diagnostic performance with AUC = 0.90. Considering the low sensitivity of existing CRC tests, including liquid biopsies, to early-stage cancers our work highlights the potential of chromatin biomarkers of field carcinogenesis in detecting early, significant precancerous colon lesions.
Establishing cause-effect relationships from observational data often relies on untestable assumptions. It is crucial to know whether, and to what extent, the conclusions drawn from non-experimental studies are robust to potential unmeasured confounding. In this paper, we focus on the average causal effect (ACE) as our target of inference. We generalize the sensitivity analysis approach developed by Robins et al., Franks et al., and Zhou and Yao. We use semiparametric theory to derive the non-parametric efficient influence function of the ACE, for fixed sensitivity parameters. We use this influence function to construct a one-step, split sample, truncated estimator of the ACE. Our estimator depends on semiparametric models for the distribution of the observed data; importantly, these models do not impose any restrictions on the values of sensitivity analysis parameters. We establish sufficient conditions ensuring that our estimator has $\sqrt{n}$ asymptotics. We use our methodology to evaluate the causal effect of smoking during pregnancy on birth weight. We also evaluate the performance of estimation procedure in a simulation study.
Clopidogrel, one of the antiplatelet agents used for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease, has been shown to have a superior antiplatelet effect compared to aspirin, and is therefore being administered to many patients with stroke and coronary artery disease. Clopidogrel inhibits platelet-derived ADP receptor, P2Y12, in the liver to produce an anti-platelet effect. It has been suggested that clopidogrel resistance could be occurred from drug-drug interaction via the same pharmacological metabolic pathway. Previous studies reported that the genotypes of Cytochrome P450 2C19, which is involved in the metabolism of clopidogrel in the liver, lead to differences in drug response and recurrence rates of cardiovascular disease. The risk of recurrence of ischemic stroke was reported to be about 4 times higher in patients with a poor metabolizer or intermediate metabolizer genotype of the Cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype compared to the extensive metabolizer genotype. This genotypes of Cytochrome P450 2C19 were also different according to race.

The researches about cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype and clopidogrel resistance have been conducted mainly in patients with coronary artery disease and are not known in stroke patients. Few studies have examined whether the resistance of clopidogrel according to the genotype of cytochrome P450 2C19 in stroke patients is related to the occurrence and/or recurrence of cardiovascular disease. The hypothesis of this study is that "the poor metabolizer or intermediate metabolizer of the cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype in patients with acute ischemic stroke is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality compared to those who of extensive metabolizer of the cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype".
PURPOSE: To obtain a pyripropene derivative having inhibiting activities against acyl coenzyme A (acyl CoA) cholesterol transferases useful for treating diseases caused by accumulation of cholesterol in humans such as hyperlipemia or arteriosclerosis based thereon. CONSTITUTION: This derivative of the formula (R1 is OH or OCOR5 ; R2 is H, OH, O-alkyl, etc.; R5 is an alkyl, a heterocyclic group, etc.) is obtained by deacylating, e.g. pyripropene A (any one or two of R1 , R2 and R3 are OH and the rest are acylated). The deacylation is carried out in a solvent such as methanol at ambient temperature or under conditions of cooling with ice at 0 deg.C or heating under reflux by using sodium methoxide when the reaction is hydrolysis with an alkali. The hydrolysis with an acid is performed in a solvent such as methanol at ambient temperature by using hydrochloric or sulfuric acid.
Neurofibromatosis (NF) is caused by a genetic change that tends to develop benign tumors around nerves. NF is a lifelong condition that affects all populations equally, regardless of gender or ethnicity. Neurofibromatosis has been classified into three distinct types: NF1, NF2, and schwannomatosis. The hallmark tumors seen in NF2 are vestibular schwannomas, formerly known as acoustic neuromas. Vestibular schwannomas are benign tumors made up of abnormal Schwann cells, which are the cells that give the nerves the lining and insulation needed to conduct information. Vestibular schwannomas can cause hearing loss in one or both ears, depending on whether the tumors are unilateral or bilateral.

Schwannomatosis is the same type of tumor as that of NF2 patients. Tumors are all related to Schwann cells. There is no cure for NF or schwannomatosis. Surgery is the only clinical method at present, and no drugs have been proved to be effective in the treatment of these tumors.

Adoptive immunotherapy based on cytotoxic T lymphocytes reactive with specific antigens has proven to be effective. In vitro induction of tumor antigen-specific immune cells and engineering of target specific immune cells have great potential for cancer eradication. If CAR-T/CTL immunotherapy is effective, it is expected that Neurofibromatosis or Schwannomatosis tumors should shrink or disappear completely. However, the minimal residual tumor cells or cancer stem cells may exist and cause relapse to other tissues and organs. Follow-up immunotherapy must focus on enhancing the anti-tumor immunity. Therefore, this protocol includes follow-up application of DCvac to prevent recurrence. This study proposes a novel protocol of immunotherapy to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of targeting tumor antigens in patients.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a granulated substance of kale dry powder having breath odor eliminating effect.  <P>SOLUTION: The breath odor eliminating food comprising a granulated substance of kale dry powder is obtained by adding water or both of water and ethanol to kale dry powder, kneading the mixture, subjecting the kneaded mixture to extrusion molding, and drying the molded mixture. The food is edible as it is, and excellent in palate feeling such as chewiness. The food has odor eliminating effect (breath odor eliminating effect) because the green- colored barley young leaf powder richly contains dietary fibers and chlorophyll. Addition of an odor eliminating component such as chlorophyll to the barley young leaf powder before granulation enhances the breath odor eliminating effect.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Epigenetic changes may fill a critical gap in our understanding of kidney disease development, as they not only reflect metabolic changes but are also preserved and transmitted during cell division. We conducted a genome-wide cytosine methylation analysis of 399 human kidney samples, along with single-nuclear open chromatin analysis on over 60,000 cells from 14 subjects, including controls, and diabetes and hypertension attributed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We identified and validated differentially methylated positions associated with disease states, and discovered that nearly 30% of these alterations were influenced by underlying genetic variations, including variants known to be associated with kidney disease in genome-wide association studies. We also identified regions showing both methylation and open chromatin changes. These changes in methylation and open chromatin significantly associated gene expression changes, most notably those playing role in metabolism and expressed in proximal tubules. Our study further demonstrated that methylation risk scores (MRS) can improve disease state annotation and prediction of kidney disease development. Collectively, our results suggest a causal relationship between epigenetic changes and kidney disease pathogenesis, thereby providing potential pathways for the development of novel risk stratification methods.
Two doses (sachets) a day during 4 weeks before the ESWL. After the ESWL, one dose a day during 6 weeks.
Patients on dialysis and kidney transplant patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) have an increased risk to develop a more severe course of disease or die from COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). SARS-CoV-2 vaccination can increase protection against COVID-19. Kidney transplant patients and patients requiring dialysis suffer from an acquired immune deficiency. Due to the dysfunctional immune response, the general vaccine response in dialysis patients and kidney transplant patients is in many cases insufficient.

Until now, the vaccination response in dialysis patients and kidney-transplanted patients is unpredictable. Verification of vaccine response can provide important information on how to treat and protect these patients from a COVID-19. Therefore, there is a medical need to monitor vaccine protection after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in clinical practice. In this observational study, data of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination response collected in clinical routine will be analyzed from these patients. Based on this observational study, the investigators aim to get first evidence whether and to what extent vaccination against COVID-19 causes a vaccine response in immunocompromised patients with kidney disease.
There is potential for immunogenicity following administration of oritavancin products, including ORBACTIV. The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Because several factors in an assay may influence the observed incidence of antibody positivity, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to oritavancin in the studies described below with the incidence of antibodies in other studies or to other products may be misleading.

Positive indirect and direct antiglobulin tests (IAT/DAT) were noted with the administration of ORBACTIV and KIMYRSA (hereinafter referred to as another oritavancin product) in studies with healthy subjects and patients with ABSSSI. In a randomized, open-label, multi-center ABSSSI study, positive antiglobulin tests were reported in 9.6% (5/52) of subjects who received ORBACTIV and 2% (1/50) of subjects who received another oritavancin product. Oritavancin-dependent RBC antibodies were detected when tested in the presence of drug for three subjects in the ORBACTIV group.

In a multiple dose study with ORBACTIV in healthy volunteers, 90% (9/10) of subjects had a positive IAT 14 days after the second infusion.

In a healthy volunteer study, 66% (22/32) of subjects receiving another oritavancin product had a positive IAT 15 days after receiving dosing and one subject had a positive DAT at 8 days after dosing.

There were no reports of hemolysis in subjects who had positive IAT/DAT. If hemolytic anemia develops following treatment with ORBACTIV provide appropriate care. Positive IAT may interfere with cross-matching before blood transfusion [see Drug Interactions (7.2)].
FIELD: septic diseases. SUBSTANCE: one determines level of peptide procalcitonine and/or incomplete peptide (unripe calcitonin) formed from procalcitonin, presence or amount of determined peptide being indicative of presence of sepsis, its gravity, and/or success of therapy. Determination is accomplished by the aid of immunometric analysis involving at least two monoclonal antibodies or combination of the first monoclonal or polyclonal antibody with the second monoclonal antibody possessing specificity for procalcitonine or procalcitonine-origin peptides. These antibodies are components of procalcitonine diagnostics kit in amounts from 0.1 to 500 ng per 1 ml of plasma or serum sample. EFFECT: increased diagnosis accuracy for earlier phases of sepsis. 14 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex
FIELD: organic chemistry. SUBSTANCE: taxane derivatives having common formula (I) given in specification are prepared by esterification of baccatine III or 10-desacetyl baccatine III by acid having common formula (VII), by removing protection groups of thus prepared ester. The process is followed by acylation of amine function in side chain. In formulae (I) and (VII) Ar is phenyl, R is hydrogen atom or acetyl, R 1  is benzoyl, or R 2 , wherein R is alkyl, R 3  and R 4  are the same or different and they are hydrogen, alkyl, R 5  is alkyl radical being substituted by one or by multiple chlorine atoms, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 2-trichloromethyl isopropyl. EFFECT: improved efficiency of the method. 30 cl
Procedure for preparing vasoactive agents derived from benzofenone. It consists in the preparation of hexahidroxi - 2,3,4,3 ", 4", 5 "- benzophenone by condensation of pirogalol and galician acid. This reaction is performed preferably in the presence of catalysts such as anhydrous aluminum chloride, zinc anhydro chloride only or with phosphorox oxylloride, and boro trifluoride in a solvent like dioxane. The reaction is effected preferably at temperatures comprised between 100 and 120 degrees. > application in the preparation of pharmaceutical compounds used in the treatment of functional deficits and metabolic disturbances resulting from a cerebral and peripheral circulatory insufficiency. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
Inoperable non small cell lung cancer patients. Diagnosed between 2010-05-31 and 2009-06-01.
PURPOSE:To complete asthma therapy in a short time by applying on the onset parts of the bronchium a concentrated solution prepared by adding both zinc sulfate and water to sodium carbonate to eliminate the harmful existing iron component causing asthma. CONSTITUTION:A concentrated solution prepared by adding <=1 pt.wt. of zinc sulfate and water to 10 pts.wt. of sodium carbonate is applied on the onset parts of asthma. Thereby, the iron component existing in the bronchium, considered to be causative of asthma, is made harmless and can be eliminated; therefore, asthma can be fundamentally cured in a short time without having the relapse. Stuping about twice a day for ca.five hours will be enough. Long duration of such a practice is unpreferable. Also, other medicine(s) for asthma must not be put to combined use.
The compositions comprise a fluorescein fatty ester and a non-toxic substance which is not broken down in the stomach eg. a saccharide. Emulsions containing a fluorescein fatty ester are also disclosed. In an example, fluorescein dilaurate is dissolved in coconut oil and converted into an oil-in-water emulsion in the presence of a mannitol. The composition is administered orally. Fluorescein and mannitol are excreted in the urine. The ratio of recovered fluorescein and mannitol allows for the detection of pancreatic insufficiency without the need for control experiments.
The invention relates to an adsorbent used for blood or plasma perfusion to remove endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) and a preparation method thereof. The adsorbent is a nano-composite structure adsorbent. Large-aperture polyvinyl alcohol serves as a carrier, amino (ammonio) carbon nanotubes (single-walled or multi-walled) serve as a ligand, epichlorohydrin or glutaraldehyde, etc. serves as a crosslinking agent, and the ligand and the carrier microspheres undergo covalent coupling to obtain the adsorbent. The adsorbent is simple to prepare, and an endotoxin adsorption property is good. The adsorbent is suitable for blood or plasma perfusion to remove excessive endotoxin in the body of a patient.
Introduction:

This will be the first prospective, randomized clinical study ever performed on penetrating cardiac injuries in the world literature. A group of patients with penetrating chest injuries will present haemodynamically stable, with blood in the pericardial sac diagnosed on ultrasound. The accepted international management of what is termed; "the stable haemopericardium" has been a median sternotomy. In our experience in Cape Town, when a median sternotomy is performed in these cases, any cardiac injury if present has already sealed or there is no cardiac injury. We feel that these patients should be managed with a much smaller and simpler operation that does not require admission to the intensive care unit post-operatively and this is merely drainage of the blood from around the pericardial sac via a subxyphoid window (SXW).

Method A SXW is performed under general anaesthetic and involves a 5 cm incision below the sternum. The pericardial sac can be opened and the blood drained. This small operation also allows the heart to be examined for any active bleeding. If there is active bleeding then obviously, a median sternotomy is required to fix the hole in the heart. If there is no active bleeding then the patient is randomized to either median sternotomy (the international norm) or the pericardial sac is merely drained with a soft drain and no further surgery is performed. The randomization is computer generated. The patients are documented with respect to intensive care stay and total hospital stay. Any complications are noted and the patients are then followed up in order to ensure that the patients who underwent the SXW alone are alive and well. This is essential to ensure the safety of this much smaller procedure for this condition. Informed consent is signed for each patient and all patients must be older than 18 years of age.
PURPOSE:A dermal drug, containing a specific chelating compound, and usable for preventing and/or treating blackening of the skin. CONSTITUTION:A dermal drug, containing 0.001-10% compound of formula I {A and a group of formula II together may form a five- or six-membered ring containing S, O or N or CH=N- [R is H or a group of formula III (R1 is OH, alkoxyl, etc.; R3 is alkylene, etc.; n is 0 or 1), etc.]; B is monocyclic or fused aromatic ring having -C=C- bond or a group of formula IV (R4 and R5 are H, aryl, etc., R6 is OH, mercapto, etc.); R6 and a group of formula II in ring A together may form a chelate of formula V (M is metal atom; m is a natural number) through the metal atom} and a salt thereof, and useful for preventing and/ or treating blackening of the skin. The drug exhibits very remarkable inhibitory action on melanization, and can be advantageously used as a cosmetic or external drug. The drug is administered by applying or rubbing an adequate amount thereof into the affected part once - several times a day.