anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Early identification of neonatal jaundice (NJ) appears to be essential to avoid bilirubin encephalopathy and neurological sequelae. The interaction between gut microbiota and metabolites plays an important role in early life. It is unclear whether the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolites can be used as an early indicator of NJ or to aid clinical decision-making. This study involved a total of 196 neonates and conducted two rounds of "discovery-validation" research on the gut microbiome-metabolome. It utilized methods of machine learning, causal inference, and clinical prediction model evaluation to assess the significance of gut microbiota and metabolites in classifying neonatal jaundice (NJ), as well as the potential causal relationships between corresponding clinical variables and NJ. In the discovery stage, NJ-associated gut microbiota, network modules, and metabolite composition were identified by gut microbiome-metabolome association analysis. The NJ-associated gut microbiota was closely related to bile acid metabolites. By Lasso machine learning assessment, we found that the gut bacteria were associated with abnormal bile acid metabolism. The machine learning-causal inference approach revealed that gut bacteria affected serum total bilirubin and NJ by influencing bile acid metabolism. NJ-associated gut bile acids are potential biomarkers of NJ, and clinical prediction models constructed based on these biomarkers have some clinical effects and the model may be used for disease risk prediction. In the validation stage, it was found that intestinal metabolites can predict NJ, and the machine learning-causal inference approach revealed that bile acid metabolites affected NJ itself by affecting the total bilirubin content. Intestinal bile acid metabolites are potential biomarkers of NJ. By applying machine learning-causal inference methods to gut microbiome-metabolome association studies, we found NJ-associated intestinal bacteria and their network modules and bile acid metabolite composition. The important role of intestinal bacteria and bile acid metabolites in NJ was determined, which can predict the risk of NJ.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a triazole derivative highly stable to both temperature and humidity, producible in large quantities, having excellent antimycotic activity and in vivo absorbability, presenting excellent kinetics in vivo, thus useful as a raw agent for antimycotic agents. SOLUTION: This compound, a triazol derivative, is for example, (-)-3-(2,4- difluorophenyl)-2,2-difluoro-3-hydroxy-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butana mide. This compound is obtained by the following process: an alkali such as NaOH or KOH is added to a 5-60% aqueous solution of a salt such as hydrochloride of this derivative pref. at 0-30 deg.C followed by adjusting the system pref. to pH 4.0-7.0 followed by depositing crystal. This derivative has such crystal structure as to present characteristic peaks at 2θ=12.48 deg., 16.96 deg., and 21.08 deg. determined by X-ray diffractometry using Cu-Kα beams.
BACKGROUND: Different giant cell-rich tumors may occur in the jaws. Recently, a new condition known as keratin-positive giant-cell rich tumor harboring recurrent HMGA2::NCOR2 fusions has been described. Interestingly, the mononuclear cells of this tumor are immunoreactive with the AE1/AE3 keratin. Considering the similarities of central and peripheral giant cell granuloma of the jaws with the keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumor of the soft tissue and bone, we hypothesized whether the keratin-positive tumors could also occur in the maxillary bones.
METHODS AND RESULTS: An immunohistochemical investigation of AE1/AE3 in a cohort of 16 cases of peripheral and central giant cell granuloma of the jaws was carried out. None of the cases was keratin-positive.
CONCLUSIONS: Although no immunopositivity for keratin was observed in the present giant cell granulomas cohort, we cannot completely exclude the possibility of keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumors occurring in the jaws. Therefore, oral pathologists should be aware about this condition and further studies using cohorts from different laboratories are necessary.
Emerging highly pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 has caused the recent worldwide pandemic named COVID-19. Considerable efforts have been made for the development of effective vaccine strategies against COVID-19. Giving that the spike S protein plays a crucial role in eliciting the immune response during COVID-19 disease, the S protein has been the predominant candidate for the design of efficient vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2. The purpose of the inventors was to evaluate the antigenic reactivity of different synthetic peptides representing potential B-cell epitopes located in the S protein in relation to a BNT162b2 recipient serum. They identified the residues S616-644 and S1138-1169 as two potential B-cell epitopes in the S protein. Whereas BNT162b2 recipient serum as well as COVID19 donor serum were capable of reacting with a synthetic peptide representing the residues S1138-1169, a synthetic peptide representing the residues S616-644 showed immunoreactivity only with a BNT162b2 recipient serum. In conclusion, the inventors showed that immunization with encapsulated mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 expressing a stabilized prefusion SARS-CoV-2 protein results in production of antibodies directed against the two B-cell epitopes that compose the residues S616-644 and S1138-1169. The synthetic peptides representing the residues S616-644 and S1138-1169 have ability to react as antibody epitopes in relation to a BNT162b2 recipient serum and thus can be used for diagnostic and vaccine purposes.
INTRODUCTION: Congenital fibrinogen disorders are a heterogenous group of fibrinogen defects.
CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we describe hypodysfibrinogenemia in a 33-year-old female patient with provoked recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) diagnosed based on decreased functional and antigenic fibrinogen levels with a decreased functional/antigenic fibrinogen ratio. Definitive diagnosis of congenital hypodysfibrinogenemia is done by genotyping using whole-exome sequencing, which identified the γ326Cys→Tyr mutation combined with single-nucleotide polymorphisms: rs2070011 and rs2070018 in FGA and rs1049636 in FGG. Fibrin structure assays showed reduced maximum polymerization rate. The mother of the proband shares the same γ326Cys→Tyr mutation and experienced a provoked DVT.
CONCLUSION: Our case with DVT is the third ever-described occurrence of the mutation γ326Cys→Tyr that is associated with hypodysfibrinogenemia. The mechanism by which this mutation induces thrombosis remains unknown. Due to the high recurrence risk of thrombosis, the patient was treated with long-term reduced dose of rivaroxaban (10 mg daily) as secondary prophylaxis.
PURPOSE:To obtain a composition capable of suppressing a bad smell of an amine and retarding starting of the bad smell, by coating an amine functional group-containing substance with a specific coating agent and containing the substance. CONSTITUTION:An amine functional group-containing substance (e.g. cationic cellulose) is coated with at least one coating agent selected from a long-chain nonionic surfactant, a water-soluble polymer, a wax, an oil, a vegetable sterol, a fatty acid alkyl ester and its mixture, containing no amine functional group. 0.01-98wt.% of the amine functional group-containing substance and 2-50wt.% of the coating agent are used and heated at a temperature lower than the amine functional group-containing substance to give the objective coating composition. The composition is useful as a component for a foamable composition, a soap, a softener for clothing, a shampoo, etc. By blending the composition, occurrence of an amine smell can be prevented and strength of the amine smell can be lowered.
Fifty subjects with type 2 diabetes will be recruited. Every subject will be randomized in two groups, which are CGMS education group and conventional education group. The study will be conducted for 12 weeks for each participants. Intervention group will receive diet education based on CGMS data, using post prandial glucose response, calculated by incremental area under curve of glucose level. Control group will receive conventional diabetes diet education without CGMS data. Primary outcome is change of HbA1c from baseline for 12 weeks, and secondary outcomes are changes of fasting blood glucose level, body weight, waist circumference, blood lipid level, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) , c-peptide, microbiome, 7-point self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), and compliance/satisfaction questionnaire from baseline for 12 weeks.
OBJECTIVE: There has been national strive to decrease the time needed to identify microorganisms in blood culture samples to reduce antibiotic use. This study evaluated rapid molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) use in identifying microorganisms in negative culture bottles from neonates with suspected bacterial blood stream infection at 20 to 24 hours of incubation.
STUDY DESIGN: All blood specimens from neonates with suspected blood stream infection were included. Specimens were incubated using a standard blood culturing instrument that would flag positive if bacterial growth was detected. If the specimen was flagged positive at <20 hours, it was tested by PCR and plated for identification as per standard protocol. In our design, if specimen was not flagged at 20 hours of incubation, the bottle was sterilely accessed and a sample was obtained for PCR testing. The bottle would be returned for incubation for 120 hours or until flagged positive.
RESULTS: A total of 192 blood specimens were included. Four specimens flagged positive at <20 hours and were all found to be positive by PCR. All other samples did not flag positive by 20 hours of incubation and were tested by PCR between 20 and 24 hours. One sample tested positive via PCR at 21.6 hours then flagged positive on the culturing instrument at 23.5 hours. All other specimens were negative by PCR and remained culture negative at 120 hours. The positive and negative predictive value of PCR verified by blood culture were both equal to 1.0.
CONCLUSION: Using rapid molecular PCR on blood culture specimens at 20 to 24 hours of incubation provides 100% true negative results possibly allowing providers to discontinue antibiotics at 24 hours.
KEY POINTS: · Antibiotic overuse leads to adverse neonatal outcomes.. · Molecular PCR may have true negative results.. · Larger study is needed to discontinue antibiotics earlier..
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment for benign gallbladder disease. However, few studies have reported the difficulty of interval cholecystectomy after cholecystitis because early cholecystectomy is recommended for acute cholecystitis. In this study, we evaluated the difficulties associated with interval cholecystectomy for cholecystitis with gallstones.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with gallstones who underwent interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystitis at our institution between January 2012 and December 2021. Patients were classified into laparoscopic total cholecystectomy and bailout procedure groups depending on whether they were converted to a bailout procedure, and their characteristics and outcomes were subsequently compared. Additionally, a logistic regression analysis of the preoperative factors contributing to bailout procedure conversion was performed.
RESULTS: Of the 269 participants, 39 converted to bailout procedure, and bile duct injury occurred in one case (0.4%). In patient characteristics comparison, patients in the bailout procedure group were significantly older, had more impacted stones, had higher post-treatment choledocholithiasis, had severe cholecystitis, and had a higher rate of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage. There were no differences in the bile duct injury or perioperative complications between the two groups. In logistic regression multivariate analysis of the factors contributing to the bailout procedure, post-treatment of choledocholithiasis (P < .001), impacted stone (P = .002), and age ≥71 (P = .007) were independent risk factors.
CONCLUSION: Impacted stones and choledocholithiasis are risk factors for conversion to bailout procedure and high difficulty in interval cholecystectomy. For such patients, interval cholecystectomy should be performed cautiously.
It is unknown why some people with mental retardation and/or autism repeatedly and persistently injure themselves, some to the point of tissue damage and permanent scarring. Unraveling this mystery poses paradoxical biomedical and behavioral science questions and creates deeply troubling problems for practitioners and family members of affected individuals. Over the past decade, many cases of self-injurious behavior (SIB) have been treated successfully using behavioral interventions that teach communication and other functional skills. However, practical problems of implementation, costs associated with long-term treatment, and cases with no clear social profile suggest that there is still much to be learned about why people self-injure. Some forms of self-injury may involve intense stimulation of body sites sufficient to elicit the release and receptor binding of endogenous opioid peptides. This study will evaluate variables common to SIB and the neurophysiology of pain regulation. The study will also clarify the role of the endogenous opioids and pain mechanisms in self-injury.

Participants with mild to profound mental retardation and/or autism will be observed for frequency of self-injury, duration and intensity of self-injurious behavior, and where on the body that behavior is directed. Following this characterization, participants' saliva will be noninvasively examined for substance P, met-enkephalin, and cortisol as markers for altered pain transmission and predictors of response to treatment. After screening and SIB subtyping (i.e., social, nonsocial, or mixed), 37 participants whose self-injury is primarily nonsocial or mixed will be evaluated over 16 weeks. Participants will be randomized to receive either transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS, an opioid agonist treatment) or naltrexone (an opioid antagonist treatment). Participants whose self-injury is primarily socially motivated will be evaluated with TENS and will receive behavioral interventions through a technical assistance service delivery model. Follow-up evaluations will occur at Months 3 and 6.
The second group will use a sling for 6 weeks. The rehabilitation stages will start with active assisted/closed chain movements with short levers, it will progress to more active stages phases until full recovery. The whole program will last about 3 months.
In a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, 65 patients undergoing elective lower limb amputation were assigned to one of five analgesic regimens. Patients in groups 1-4 had lumbar epidural catheter placed 48 hours before amputation, and received epidural bupivacaine/fentanyl or saline infusion before and/or after amputation. Patients receiving epidural saline also had IV Fentanyl Patient-Control Analgesia, whereas patients receiving epidural analgesia also had IV saline. Group 5 (control) received IM meperidine and oral codeine/acetaminophen. VAS and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) scores (for ischemic, phantom and stump pain) were recorded starting 48 hours before, continuing until 48 hours after amputation, and at 4 days, 10 days, 1 and 6 months after amputation. Phantom and stump pain intensity and frequency were the main study endpoints.
Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured with US emerges as a standout intracranial pressure reflector among non-invasive modalities as a bed side assessment. Different types of needles used in spinal anesthesia cause different lesions in the dura. Lesions created by Quincke needles are small and clean-cut opening in the dural membrane, while those from Whitacre needles result in a more traumatic opening. Also it is known that CSF leakage increase when larger needles are used. As one of postspinal headache mechanism is decrease in the intracranial pressure, the investigators aim to investigate the ONSD changes reflecting intracranial pressure changes.

Participants undergoing lower extremity operations (ankle, distal tibia and fibula surgeries) using a tourniquet under spinal anesthesia will be investigated. Spinal anesthesia will be performed with a 25 G Whitacre, 25 G Quincke, or 27 G Quincke needle, depending on the study group. ONSD measurements will be performed before spinal anesthesia as baseline; and 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 24 hours after spinal block, respectively. Also a measurement will be performed after opening of the surgical tourniquet. Measurements will be done with 15 MHz linear ultrasound (US) probe in B mode, 3 mm behind the posterior globe in the transverse plane from both eyes. Values will be recorded numerically. The impact of spinal anesthesia administered using various needle designs (Quincke and Whitacre) and sizes (25G-27G) on intracranial pressure will be investigated.
PURPOSE:To obtain 5 kinds of separated soyasaponins, in high purity, by extracting processed soybean, etc., removing impurities from the extract by a specific means, and purifying the resultant mixed soyasaponin by high performance liquid chromatography. CONSTITUTION:Powder of soybean material such as (semi)processed soybean, waste of soybean processing step, etc. is added with methanol, and refluxed under heating for several hours. The solution is centrifuged, the obtained extract liquid is partitioned with n-butanol and water, and the extract liquid of the n- butanol layer is adsorbed by column chromatography. The adsorbed components are eluted successively by changing the organic solvents to remove the impurities. The obtained solution containing soyasaponins is concentrated in vacuum. The mixture of 5 kinds of soyasaponins obtained by the above process is purified at a high speed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and 5 kinds of soyasaponins are separated from each other by the difference of the retention time.
Cognitively normal control participants aged 65 - 85 years. Participants will undergo a 3T brain scan that will last up to 60 minutes using the GRASP DCE-MRI sequence performed during the first 21 minutes of scan time.
Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has received considerable attention as a method for allergen immunotherapy (AIT). However, the mechanism of SLIT, especially its timing, has not been thoroughly investigated. We evaluated therapeutic and prophylactic SLIT in an allergic airway inflammation model and evaluated their efficacies. Mice were intranasally exposed to Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) extract and received SLIT before (prophylactic model) and after (therapeutic model) intranasal exposure of Der f. We investigated airway responsiveness, airway inflammation, allergen-specific antibodies, lung histology and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and T-cell receptor sequencing were also investigated. SLIT in the therapeutic model was effective; however, the effects of SLIT in the prophylactic model were stronger and immune tolerance was maintained for three months. ScRNA-seq of lung CD4+CD25+ T cells revealed that the expansion of induced T regulatory (iTreg) cells was greater in the prophylactic model than that in the therapeutic model. Additionally, the TCR repertoire of iTregs from the prophylactic model was abundant, sharing many clones with the TCR repertoire of effector T cells. These data suggest that the prophylactic model of AIT is extremely effective and persistent, and may respond to allergen diversity, and provide evidence for the clinical recommendation of preventive AIT.
BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis (UC), a non-specific gastrointestinal disease, is commonly managed with aminosalicylic acids and immunosuppressive agents to control inflammation and relieve symptoms, despite frequent relapses. Isofraxidin is a coumarin compound extracted from traditional Chinese medicine, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, its alleviating effect on UC remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of isofraxidin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell inflammation in human intestinal epithelial cell (HIEC) and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2), as well as in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice.
METHODS: We established colitis models in HIEC and Caco-2 cells and mice with LPS and DSS, respectively. Additionally, NLRP3 knockout mice and HIEC cells transfected with NLRP3 silencing gene and ML385 illustrated the role of isofraxidin in pyroptosis and oxidative stress. Data from cells and mice analyses were subjected to one-way analysis of variance or a paired t-test.
RESULTS: Isofraxidin significantly alleviated LPS-induced cell inflammation and reduced lactic dehydrogenase release. Isofraxidin also reversed DSS- or LPS-induced pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro, increasing the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins. Moreover, isofraxidin alleviated oxidative stress induced by DSS or LPS, reducing reactive oxidative species (ROS), upregulation nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and promoting its entry into the nucleus. Mechanistically, ML385 reversed the inhibitory effect of isofraxidin on ROS and increased pyroptosis.
CONCLUSION: Isofraxidin can inhibit pyroptosis through upregulating Nrf2, promoting its entry into the nucleus, and reducing ROS, thereby alleviating DSS-induced UC. Our results suggest isofraxidin as a promising therapeutic strategy for UC treatment.
This study is to look at the Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Zalutumumab in patients with Head and Neck Cancer. 26 participants will be treated with the study drug Zalutumumab at 4 different doses. Zalutumumab will be given at day 0, day 14, day 21 and day 28. Blood samples (for PK and to check the participant's safety) will be taken before drug is given. Blood samples for PK only will be taken directly after drug is given at all treatment visits and also at +3hr and +12hrs on day 0 and day 28 which may require an overnight stay.

Blood samples for PK only are also taken on days between treatments. After treatment on day 28, eight more blood samples will be taken over 3 weeks. On day 49 participants may enter an optional extended treatment period receiving the drug weekly until it is no longer appropriate for the participant (doctor/participant decision or cancer has advanced).

Dosing in the extended treatment period will start at 16mg/kg. The correct dose for the participant will be checked at each visit by looking for the presence and severity of skin rash. This is a common side effect of medicines like Zalutumumab which block the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. The severity of the skin rash is used as a guide for dosing. A mild rash could mean more medication is needed, a severe rash will mean the participant needs a break from the medication. End of study is 8 weeks after the last dose of Zalutumumab and blood samples will be taken +4weeks and +8weeks after the last dose of drug.