anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Of the 879 patients with small cell lung cancer in clinical trials of topotecan hydrochloride for injection, 32% (n = 281) were 65 years of age and older, while 3.8% (n = 33) were 75 years of age and older. Of the 140 patients with stage IV-B, relapsed, or refractory cervical cancer in clinical studies of topotecan hydrochloride for injection who received topotecan hydrochloride for injection plus cisplatin in the randomized clinical trial, 6% (n = 9) were 65 years of age and older, while 3% (n = 4) were 75 years of age and older. No overall differences in effectiveness or safety were observed between these patients and younger adult patients, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger adult patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

There were no apparent differences in the pharmacokinetics of topotecan in elderly patients, once the age-related decrease in renal function was considered [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. 

This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].
Numerous studies have reported the effect of intranasally administered oxytocin on attentional processing including stimulus-driven bottom-up processing and top-down goal-directed inhibitory control. However, it is unclear whether the functional effects are mediated by the peptide directly entering the brain or indirectly via raising peripheral concentrations. One possible method of producing a similar pattern of increased peripheral oxytocin concentrations but without the possibility of direct entry into the brain would be to administer the peptide lingually. In the present double-blind, between-subject, placebo-controlled study, 80 healthy male subjects will be recruited and receive either oxytocin (24IU) or placebo control administered orally (lingual). 45 minutes after treatment subjects are required to complete a social-emotional saccade/antisaccade eye-tracking paradigm. This paradigm uses social (happy, sad, angry, fear, and neutral faces) as well as non-social (oval shapes) stimuli to explore social- and emotion-specific effects of orally administered oxytocin.
This group comprises participants diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes according to self-reported data. The primary goal of comparing this group with medico-administrative records is to validate the algorithm's ability to accurately classify individuals with Type 1 diabetes, ensuring that they are correctly identified as such without being misclassified into other categories.
Control group first time mothers were recruited when infants were around 11-12 months of age for data collection of mealtime feeding interactions taping at home setting environment. They received during this year the official support and training given in municipality care centers.
Ninety years ago the discovery of insulin and its development as a drug revolutionized the management of type 1 diabetes, which until that point had almost inevitably proven fatal. However, very rapidly it was recognized that like all "wonder" drugs there were problems with insulin. Elliot Joslin, one of the pioneers of diabetes therapy described insulin as "...a potent preparation alike for evil and for good"(1922). There are two major reasons for this. Firstly, in non-diabetic individuals insulin produced by the pancreas acts directly on the liver, the major organ for regulating blood glucose levels. In contrast, people with type 1 diabetes inject insulin under the skin, and this is then absorbed into the circulation and much of it is degraded (\~50%) before it gets to the liver. This means that in order to act effectively in the liver a type 1 diabetic needs to inject at least double the amount of insulin. Many studies have now shown that high insulin levels lead to weight gain, accelerated blood vessel disease (atherosclerosis) and a higher risk of suffering low blood glucose (hypoglycaemia). A second major problem is that individuals with type 1 show high levels of the hormone, glucagon. Glucagon is also produced in the pancreas and is normally regulated by pancreatic insulin, so the loss of this effect in people with type 1 diabetes means they run high glucagon levels. This has been shown to increase blood glucose, particularly after a meal. It is because of this that the diabetes community has called for novel therapies that can reduce high insulin levels and high glucagon levels. A new class of drugs called dipeptidylpeptidase IV inhibitors (DPPIVi) are currently used to treat people with type 2 diabetes. DPPIV inhibition increases endogenous levels of glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). These drugs have a number of actions but the most relevant to this application is that they directly suppress glucagon, induce satiety (i.e. reduce hunger and leads to a reduction in body weight) and indirectly reduce the need for high dose insulin injections. This makes them an ideal candidate drug as an insulin sparing or adjunct therapy in type 1 diabetes, but there is very limited data to date for this use.
The invention provides application of amycolatopsis sp. WP1 to preparation of a Gram bacterium activity inhibitor. The amycolatopsis sp. WP1 with simple nutritional requirements is cultured easily, and a fermental cultivation metabolite has bacteriostatic activity. A secondary metabolite of the amycolatopsis sp. WP1, namely total extract prepared by digestion of fermentation liquor ethyl acetate, has a certain inhibitory activity for growth of staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Amikacin (Likacin®; 500m g/2mL vial; Lisapharma S.p.A., Erba, Italy) is given to the neonate, as an IV infusion via umbilical vein over 20 min by use of a syringe-pump (Braun; B. Braun Medical Inc., Bethlehem, PA USA). Infusion is followed by slow 0.5 mL Sodium chloride 0.9% flush.
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is one of the most common brain injuries that occur in preterm infants, which is related with the development of cerebral palsy. The current therapy is only supportive to maintain the live sign stable. There is no effective therapeutic strategy for preterm brain injury. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to be protective against hypoxic-ischemic and inflammatory injuries in animal models of brain injury, and clinical trials of neonatal hypoxic ischemic brain injury. Furthermore, recombinant human Epo (rhEpo) has been widely used in preterm infants to prevent or treat the anemia of prematurity during the past decade. It has been considered to be safe and well tolerated in preterm infants. However, there is no conclusion yet if the EPO has the effect to prevent preterm brain injury. The purpose of the study was whether the rhEpo (500 U/kg) given to very preterm infants (gestation age \< 32 weeks) within 24h after birth and subsequently each other day for2 week possesses neuroprotective properties. Very preterm infants with gestational age of \< 32 weeks and admit to our NICU are eligible for enrollment. After informed consent is obtained, infants will be randomly assigned to either EPO group or vehicle group. The primary short-term outcome measures are brain injury (intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)) and ROP. The long term outcomes are whether rhEpo in very preterm infants finally improves neurodevelopmental outcome at 18 months corrected age.
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of food literacy and sustainable consumption behaviors on nutritional status during the pandemic in Turkey.
METHODS: The study was conducted between May and July 2021 with a questionnaire delivered in a digital environment (social media, Twitter/Facebook/Instagram) to 200 volunteer adults aged 20-65. With this questionnaire form, sociodemographic characteristics, general information, and consumer behaviors of the individuals were obtained. Anthropometric measurements (height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, and waist/height ratio) of the individuals were recorded online as self-report. The Self Perceived Food Literacy (SPFL) Scale was administered to measure nutritional literacy levels. To measure the sustainable consumption behaviors of the individuals, the Sustainable Consumption Behavior (SCB) Scale was administered.
RESULTS: We found that 87.2% of women and 40% of men had heard of sustainable nutrition before (p < 0.001). The mean total score of SCB was statistically significantly higher in women than in men (3.1 ± 0.48 in women, 2.9 ± 0.69 in men, p < 0.05). The mean score of SPFL was 3.31 ± 0.275 in women, while it was 3.05 ± 0.395 in men. There was a statistically significant relationship between SPFL mean scores and gender (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: There was a statistically significant negative relationship between SPFL score and BMI, body weight, and waist/hip ratio. There was a statistically significant negative relationship between the SCB and waist/hip ratio. Food literacy and sustainable consumption behaviors are associated with anthropometric measurements. Sustainable nutrition, sustainable consumption behaviors, and food literacy should be considered as a whole. Trainings should be increased to raise awareness of individuals about food literacy.
Background: Dietary patterns during pregnancy may contribute to gestational weight gain (GWG) and birthweight, but there is limited research studying these associations in racial and ethnic minority groups. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between prenatal dietary patterns and measures of GWG and birthweight in a cohort of culturally diverse Hispanic women with low incomes. Methods: Data were analyzed from 500 mother-infant dyads enrolled in the Starting Early Program, a childhood obesity prevention trial. Diet over the previous year was assessed in the third trimester of pregnancy using an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were constructed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and principal components analysis (PCA) and analyzed as tertiles. GWG and birthweight outcomes were abstracted from medical records. Associations between dietary pattern tertiles and outcomes were assessed by multivariable linear and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results: Dietary patterns were not associated with measures of GWG or adequacy for gestational age. Greater adherence to the HEI-2015 and a PCA-derived dietary pattern characterized by nutrient-dense foods were associated with higher birthweight z-scores [β: 0.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04 to 0.4 and β: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.5, respectively], but in sex-specific analyses, these associations were only evident in male infants (β: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.7 and β: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.6, respectively). Conclusions: Among a cohort of culturally diverse Hispanic women, adherence to healthy dietary patterns during pregnancy was modestly positively associated with increased birthweight, with sex-specific associations evident only in male infants.
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is the primary cause of heart failure, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) plays a role in various disorders, such as nervous system disease, pain and tumorigenesis, but its function in pathological cardiac hypertrophy is still unknown. In this study, we observed that TMEM100 is upregulated in cardiac hypertrophy. Functional investigations have shown that adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) mediated-TMEM100 overexpression mice attenuates transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy, including cardiomyocyte enlargement, cardiac fibrosis, and impaired heart structure and function. We subsequently demonstrated that adenoviral TMEM100 (AdTMEM100) mitigates phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and downregulates the expression of cardiac hypertrophic markers in vitro, whereas TMEM100 knockdown exacerbates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The RNA sequences of the AdTMEM100 group and control group revealed that TMEM100 was involved in oxidative stress and the MAPK signaling pathway after PE stimulation. Mechanistically, we revealed that the transmembrane domain of TMEM100 (amino acids 53-75 and 85-107) directly interacts with the C-terminal region of TAK1 (amino acids 1-300) and inhibits the phosphorylation of TAK1 and its downstream molecules JNK and p38. TAK1-binding-defective TMEM100 failed to inhibit the activation of the TAK1-JNK/p38 pathway. Finally, the application of a TAK1 inhibitor (iTAK1) revealed that TAK1 is necessary for TMEM100-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. In summary, TMEM100 protects against pathological cardiac hypertrophy through the TAK1-JNK/p38 pathway and may serve as a promising target for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
Patients receive standard lymphodepleting chemotherapy comprising cyclophosphamide IV over 2 hours on days -7 and -6 followed by fludarabine phosphate IVPB over 15-30 minutes on days -5 to -1. Patients also receive therapeutic tumor infiltrating lymphocytes IV over 15-60 minutes on day 0 followed by high-dose aldesleukin IV over 15 minutes every 8-16 hours for up to 15 doses on days 1-5. Beginning between 21-28 days after TIL infusion, patients receive maintenance therapy comprising pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes every 21 days for up to 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Observational and experimental studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can increase childhood adiposity and cardiometabolic disruption. However, most previous studies have used weight-based measures that cannot distinguish between fat mass and lean mass. We evaluated associations of prenatal PFAS exposure with precisely measured body composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers in early childhood.
SUBJECTS: 373 eligible mother-infant pairs in the Healthy Start longitudinal cohort.
METHODS: We used multiple linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression models to estimate associations between five PFAS in maternal mid-pregnancy serum, and early childhood adiposity via air displacement plethysmography. Secondary outcomes included body mass index, waist circumference, and fasting serum lipids, glucose, insulin and adipokines. Models were adjusted for potential confounders and effect modification by child sex was evaluated.
RESULTS: The median age of children at assessment was 4.6 years. Prenatal concentration of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was positively associated with percent fat mass (0.89% per log2-unit increase, 95% CI: 0.15, 1.64), while perfluorononanoate (PFNA) was positively associated with fat mass index and body mass index. Cardiometabolic markers in blood were generally not associated with prenatal PFAS in this population. Mixture models confirmed the importance of PFNA and PFOA in predicting percent fat mass, while PFNA was most important for fat mass index, body mass index, and waist circumference. There were no significant effects of the five PFAS as a mixture, potentially due to opposing effects of different PFAS.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results agree with previous studies showing that prenatal serum concentrations of certain PFAS are positively associated with early childhood adiposity. Notably, associations were stronger for measures incorporating precisely measured fat mass compared to measures of body size or weight. Early life increases in adiposity may precede the development of adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes in children exposed to PFAS during gestation.
An anti-adhesive gel will be administered to one ovary (randomised at the time of laparoscopic surgery to severe endometriosis). The coated ovary will be compared to the non-coated ovary 3 months after surgery to assess for the presence of post-operative ovarian adhesions. Neither the patient nor the person performing the ultrasound scan assessing for the presence of ovarian adhesions will know which was the ovary coated in the anti-adhesive gel.
Borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH), or borderline hip dysplasia (BHD), traditionally characterized by a relatively low lateral center-edge angle (LCEA), presents a complex challenge in treatment due to its multifaceted etiology involving instability, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), or a combination thereof. The optimal approach to managing adult BDDH remains a subject of significant debate. Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is considered the preferred treatment for addressing severe acetabular under-coverage, as it rectifies the underlying bony deficiency and promotes stability. However, the treatment of BDDH is less straightforward, particularly with the advancement of hip arthroscopy techniques, specifically labral preservation and capsular management. Given the minimally invasive and rapid postoperative rehabilitation advantage for arthroscopic procedures over open surgeries, numerous attempts have been undertaken in this context. Research has revealed favorable patient-reported outcomes (PROs), low failure rates, and a significant proportion of returning to sports (RTS) after arthroscopic management for patients with BDDH. Although we might in the right direction, Level I evidence studies are needed to comprehensively compare long-term PROs, failure rates, and rates of RTS between arthroscopy and PAO in the treatment of BDDH.
The present invention relates to pharmaceutical composi-tions for the sustained release of pharmacologically active com-pounds, and methods of their manufacture and use. The phar-maceutical compositions contain microcrystals of pharmacologically active compounds which are encapsulated within a phos-pholipid layer which contains a unique combination of phos-pholipids. The pharmaceutical compositions may be rendered suitable for injection. The microcrystals are of varying sizes.  At least 50 percent of the microcrystals are from 0.5 µm and 3.0 µm in diameter, at least ten percent of the microcrystals are from 3.0 µm to 10 µm in diameter, and the composition contains microcrystals which are greater than 10 µm in diameter. The methods disclosed contain the steps of forming a lipid suspen-sion which contains the pharmacologically active compound and passing the lipid suspension with the pharmacologically active compound through a homogenizer at high pressure to coat the compound with the lipid suspension, thereby producing water insoluble drugs coated with the lipid suspension. The method is applicable to antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, anesthetics, anti-protozoa agents or any compound, including water soluble compounds, which can be modified so as to behave more like water insoluble compounds. The compositions and methods are useful for treating respiratory diseases in a variety of mammals.  The compounds and methods are also able to sharply reduce the toxicity of drug compounds.
Donepezil hydrochloride is a reversible inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, known chemically as (±)-2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethoxy-2-[[1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]methyl]-1H-inden-1-one hydrochloride. Donepezil hydrochloride is commonly referred to in the pharmacological literature as E2020. It has an empirical formula of C24H29NO3HCl and a molecular weight of 415.96. Donepezil hydrochloride is a white crystalline powder and is freely soluble in chloroform, soluble in water and in glacial acetic acid, slightly soluble in ethanol and in acetonitrile and practically insoluble in ethyl acetate and in n-hexane.  


  


Donepezil hydrochloride tablets, USP are available for oral administration in film-coated tablets containing 5, or 10 mg of donepezil hydrochloride USP . 

  


Inactive ingredients are lactose monohydrate, corn starch, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and magnesium stearate. The film coating contains talc, polyethylene glycol, hypromellose and titanium dioxide. Additionally, the 10 mg tablet contains iron oxide yellow as a coloring agent.
The invention relates to an extraction process of paeoniflorin. The extraction process comprises the following steps: adding the following raw materials into a round-bottom flask in parts by weight: 3 parts of angelica sinensis, 3 parts of Szechuan lovage rhizome, 4 parts of largehead atractylodes rhizome and 50 parts of water; adding water with the weight which is 5 times as much as the total weight of the three components into a volatile oil measuring device; adjusting an electric heating sleeve and heating; and after boiling, keeping a micro-boiled state of the medicinal materials and extracting for 4 hours to obtain paeoniflorin. Effective substances including polysaccharides components, ferulic acid and the like in a formula are water-soluble substances so that the representativeness is worse if only single index evaluation is adopted in an extraction process adopting a water extraction method. Therefore, the design adopts a multi-index comprehensive evaluation method to screen optimal process conditions. A water extraction process of angelica sinensis and Chinese peony granules is optimized by an orthogonal test method, a paeoniflorin extraction rate is used as a comprehensive evaluation index and the process is optimized to an optimal water extraction process. A test result shows that the optimized water extraction process is stable and feasible, the extraction is simple and convenient, the operation is easy, the cost is low, and the requirements of mass production are met.
OBJECTIVE: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder. Prognostication remains sub-optimally defined. We aimed to assess clinical determinants of disease progression rates in Indian patients with ALS and to assess the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in disease progression.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, consecutive patients with clinically definite/probable ALS according to the revised El Escorial criteria and controls were included. Patients were classified into fast or slow progressors based on disease progression rate (DPR). Serum and CSF VEGF level was assessed for patients and controls.
RESULTS: Of 142 patients recruited, 93 (65.5%) were male. Mean age at enrollment was 49.37 ± 12.65 years. Mean duration of symptoms was 20.53 ± 20.88 months. Mean DPR was 1.14 ± 0.94. Based on DPR, 81 (57%) patients were slow progressors and 61 (43%) were fast progressors. Univariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association of DPR with age at onset, symptom duration, time to spread, wasting of small muscles of the hand, frontal release signs, and neurophysiologic bulbar abnormalities. On multivariate analysis, age at onset and symptom duration had a significant association with disease progression. The CSF VEGF levels of ALS patients (46.18 ± 27.8) were significantly elevated compared to controls (25.95 ± 25.64 pg/ml) (p = 0.001), but not serum VEGF.
CONCLUSION: Age at symptom onset and duration of disease had a significant impact on disease progression in Indian patients with ALS. CSF VEGF levels were significantly elevated in ALS compared to controls, indicating the role of CSF VEGF as a potential biomarker.
Described herein are delivery devices for effectively delivering glucose to a subject with reduced blood glucose levels. The devices are generally composed of a base, glucose, and a protein. The delivery devices can exist in a variety of different forms including gels, capsules, tablets, or gums. The delivery devices are effective not only in raising blood glucose levels in a subject but also maintaining blood glucose levels without the subject experiencing sudden increases in blood glucose levels. The delivery devices are appealing to the subject and, thus, provide an effective way to consistently control and maintain safe blood glucose levels. For example, maintaining safe blood sugar levels is important to subjects who have Diabetes.