anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Self-related information is crucial in our daily lives, which has led to the proposal that there is a specific brain mechanism for processing it. Neuroimaging studies have consistently demonstrated that the default mode network (DMN) is strongly associated with the representation and processing of self-related information. However, the precise relationship between DMN activity and self-related information, particularly in terms of neural oscillations, remains largely unknown. We electrically stimulated the superior temporal and fusiform areas, using stereo-electroencephalography to investigate neural oscillations associated with elicited self-related auditory hallucinations. Twenty-two instances of auditory hallucinations were recorded and categorized into self-related and other-related conditions. Comparing oscillatory power changes within the DMN between self-related and other-related auditory hallucinations, we discovered that self-related hallucinations are associated with significantly stronger positive power changes in both alpha and gamma bands compared to other-related hallucinations. To ensure the validity of our findings, we conducted controlled analyses for factors of familiarity and clarity, which revealed that the observed effects within the DMN remain independent of these factors. These results underscore the significance of the functional role of the DMN during the processing of self-related auditory hallucinations and shed light on the relationship between self-related perception and neural oscillatory activity.
This arm last 4 weeks with 2 periods of 2 weeks separated by a 6 weeks wash-out. The subjects of this arm receive the real hypoxia and the placebo during the first two weeks and, after the wash-out, receive the treatment of the arm 2.
OBJECTIVES: The study focused on the ability to predict the need and size of femoral and tibial augmentation using standard two-dimensional (2D) templates and models created with three-dimensional (3D) printing in surgical planning.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This observational cohort study included 28 consecutive patients (22 females, 6 males; mean age: 71±7.3 years; range, 54 to 82 years) with periprosthetic joint infection recruited between March 2021 and September 2023 undergoing revision total knee arthroplasty revision (TKA). Standard planning was made using calibrated X-ray images. The 3D planning started with computed tomography scans to generate a 3D template of the distal femur and proximal tibia. The model was exported to a 3D printer to produce a patient-specific phantom. The surgery was then simulated on the 3D phantom using revision knee arthroplasty instrumentation to evaluate the appropriate augmentation to use until a correct alignment was obtained.
RESULTS: Three-dimensional planning predicted the need for femoral and tibial augments in 22 (78.6%) cases at both the tibial and femoral components, while 2D planning correctly predicted the need for augmentation in 17 (60.7%) for the tibial side and 18 (64.3%) for the femoral side. The Cohen's kappa demonstrated a significant agreement between the 3D planning for the femoral metal block and the intraoperative requirement (kappa=0.553), whereas 2D planning showed only nonsignificant poor agreement (kappa=0.083). In contrast, the agreement between 2D or 3D preoperative planning for tibial augment and the intraoperative requirement was nonsignificant (kappa=0.130 and kappa=0.158, respectively). On the femoral side, 2D planning showed only a fair nonsignificant correlation (r=0.35, p=0.069), whereas 3D planning exhibited substantial agreement with the actual thickness of the implanted augment (r=0.65, p<0.001). On the tibial side, 3D and 2D planning showed substantial agreement with the actual size of implanted augments (3D planning, r=0.73, p<0.001; 2D planning, r=0.69, p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Prediction based on 3D computed tomography segmentation showed significant agreement with the intraoperative need for augmentations in revision TKA. The results suggest that planning with 3D printed models represents a stronger aid in this kind of surgery rather than standard 2D planning, providing greater accuracy in the prediction of the required augmentation in revision TKA.
This study holds the promise of developing a brief, efficacious intervention to reduce marijuana use and related sexual risk-taking behavior among the large populaton of late adolescent women who are regular marijuana users. In the abscence of intervention, these women are at heightened risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Therefore it is crucial to develop an intervention that will reduce their marijuana and subsequent sexual risk taking behavior. The intervention employed in this study represents a novel adaptation of interventions that are well-supported with similar populations. If the current intervention is found to be efficacious, it can be readily integrated into a variety of treatment settings, particularly other primary care settings. In addition, this study will contribute valuable information about the relationship between marijuana use and sexual risk taking behavior and about the mechanisms of change in marijuana use in late adolescent women.

Comparison(s): Participants will be assigned, in this 6 month longitudinal study, to an assessment-only group or an assessment plus intervention group. Those in the intervention group will receive 2 motivational intervention sessions during the first 3 months of their study participation.
Human studies have linked stress exposure to unhealthy eating behavior. However, the mechanisms that drive stress-associated changes in eating behavior remain incompletely understood. The sense of taste plays important roles in food preference and intake. In this study, we use a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model in mice to address whether chronic stress impacts taste sensation and gene expression in taste buds and the gut. Our results showed that CSDS significantly elevated circulating levels of corticosterone and acylated ghrelin while lowering levels of leptin, suggesting a change in metabolic hormones that promotes food consumption. Stressed mice substantially increased their intake of food and water 3-5 days after the stress onset and gradually gained more body weight than that of controls. Moreover, CSDS significantly decreased the expression of multiple taste receptors and signaling molecules in taste buds and reduced mRNA levels of several taste progenitor/stem cell markers and regulators. Stressed mice showed significantly reduced sensitivity and response to umami and sweet taste compounds in behavioral tests. In the small intestine, the mRNA levels of Gnat3 and Tas1r2 were elevated in CSDS mice. The increased Gnat3 was mostly localized in a type of Gnat3+ and CD45+ immune cells, suggesting changes of immune cell distribution in the gut of stressed mice. Together, our study revealed broad effects of CSDS on the peripheral taste system and the gut, which may contribute to stress-associated changes in eating behavior.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that play a role in healing, including reducing inflammation, promoting fibroblast and keratinocyte migration, and modifying scar tissue. Due to their pleiotropic functions in the wound-healing process in diabetic wounds, MMPs constitute a significant cause of delayed wound closure. COX-2 inhibitors are proven to inhibit inflammation. The present study aims to repurpose celecoxib against MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 through in silico approaches, such as molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and MMPB/SA analysis. We considered five selective COX-2 inhibitors (celecoxib, etoricoxib, lumiracoxib, rofecoxib and valdecoxib) for our study against MMPs. Based on molecular docking study and hydrogen bonding pattern, celecoxib in complex with three MMPs was further analyzed using 1 µs (1000 ns) molecular dynamics simulation and MMPB/SA techniques. These studies identified that celecoxib exhibited significant binding affinity -8.8, -7.9 and -8.3 kcal/mol, respectively, against MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9. Celecoxib formed hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic (π-π) interactions with crucial substrate pocket amino acids, which may be accountable for their inhibitory nature. The MMPB/SA studies showed that electrostatic and van der Waal energy terms favoured the total free binding energy component, while polar solvation terms were highly disfavored. The in silico analysis of the secondary structures showed that the celecoxib binding conformation maintains relatively stable along the simulation trajectories. These findings provide some key clues regarding the accommodation of celecoxib in the substrate binding S1' pocket and also provide structural insights and challenges in repurposing drugs as new MMP inhibitors with anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory wound-healing properties.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
The goal of this experimental study was to quantify the influence of helical pitch and gantry rotation time on image quality and file size in ultrahigh-resolution photon-counting CT (UHR-PCCT). Cervical and lumbar spine, pelvis, and upper legs of two fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were subjected to nine dose-matched UHR-PCCT scan protocols employing a collimation of 120 × 0.2 mm with varying pitch (0.3/1.0/1.2) and rotation time (0.25/0.5/1.0 s). Image quality was analyzed independently by five radiologists and further substantiated by placing normed regions of interest to record mean signal attenuation and noise. Effective mAs, CT dose index (CTDIvol), size-specific dose estimate (SSDE), scan duration, and raw data file size were compared. Regardless of anatomical region, no significant difference was ascertained for CTDIvol (p ≥ 0.204) and SSDE (p ≥ 0.240) among protocols. While exam duration differed substantially (all p ≤ 0.016), the lowest scan time was recorded for high-pitch protocols (4.3 ± 1.0 s) and the highest for low-pitch protocols (43.6 ± 15.4 s). The combination of high helical pitch and short gantry rotation times produced the lowest perceived image quality (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.866; 95% confidence interval 0.807-0.910; p < 0.001) and highest noise. Raw data size increased with acquisition time (15.4 ± 5.0 to 235.0 ± 83.5 GByte; p ≤ 0.013). Rotation time and pitch factor have considerable influence on image quality in UHR-PCCT and must therefore be chosen deliberately for different musculoskeletal imaging tasks. In examinations with long acquisition times, raw data size increases considerably, consequently limiting clinical applicability for larger scan volumes.
A large burden of cancer morbidity and mortality is potentially preventable by changes in personal health behaviors. Health behavior advice (HBA) by primary care physicians, who provide basic health care to most Americans, holds great promise as a strategy to alter cancer-related health behaviors and to reduce morbidity and mortality. One potentially powerful strategy is the use of illness visits as a 'teachable moment'(TM) for health behavior change. Our in-depth analysis of audio recorded physician-patient interactions has led to new discoveries of the communication elements of a TM. First, effective TM's involve linking a health behavior to a salient patient problem and positioning the health behavior as a problem. Persuasion is accomplished by suggesting that changing the health behavior will improve the patient's salient concern. If done skillfully, the patient accepts the portrayal of the health behavior as a relevant problem and exhibits uptake of the health behavior change talk, possibly expressing a commitment to change. Our data reveal that TMs occur in 20% of health behavior discussions between physician and patient. More frequent (43%) , however, are TM 'attempts' which fail to engage the patient. These attempts lack two essential aspects of good patient-centered advice 1) eliciting the patient's readiness to change and 2) responding in alignment with the patient's expressed stage of change. We also observed 'missed opportunities' (20%) where the health behavior advice failed to link to a salient patient concern.

Therefore, the goal of this randomized trial is to test an intervention that teaches clinicians to integrate the use of TMs with the key skills of motivational interviewing tailored to address smoking and weight management in the outpatient visit setting. This goal will be accomplished using a group randomized trial of 32 clinicians (1152 patients). The initial Teachable Moment Communication Process (TMCP) intervention will focus on smoking cessation as the health behavior topic. After the initial intervention is evaluated, the clinicians assigned to the control group will receive a revised TMCP intervention with a focus on weight management. The TMCP intervention involves multiple modalities including skills-based training, practice with standardized patients and on-site coaching. Audio recordings of visits with patients who smoke or are obese will be used to assess both intervention and control clinicians' health behavior change strategies at baseline and post intervention. Patient surveys will be used to assess the effect of the observed health behavior change strategies on immediate and short-term patient outcomes. Leveraging clinicians' naturally-occurring health behavior change strategies by fostering the development of more effective communication skills has great potential to enhance patient health behavior change. This study will test this strategy and generate rich data about its effectiveness and how it is tailored by physicians in practice for both smoking and weight management; two important risk factors for cancer and other devastating chronic diseases.
Breast cancer is the world's second most common type of cancer, the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, and the leading cause of cancer death. Energy therapies have an essential place in complementary and alternative treatments that are commonly used in breast cancer patients. Reiki, practiced by trained practitioners, is performed by activating the body's energy centers, including blood and lymph circulation, and stimulating the nervous system, thus providing energy circulation and providing mental-physical relaxation, positively affecting health. The effect of Reiki on cancer patients has been shown in studies that it can relieve pain, reduce anxiety and depression, improve quality of life and reduce fatigue.

In this study, women with stage 3 and 4 metastatic breast cancer who were diagnosed with breast cancer for at least 3 months and received at least two cycles of chemotherapy in the outpatient chemotherapy unit of the Medical Oncology outpatient clinic of a training and research hospital will be included. It is aimed to reach a total of 52 women who meet the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study between February 1, 2023, and July 30, 2023. Patient Descriptive Information Form, Edmonton Symptom Diagnosis Scale (ESTO), and European Association for Cancer Research and Treatment BR23 Quality of Life Scale (EORTC-QLQ-BR232) preliminary tests will be applied to all women. Patients will be randomized 1:1 into groups by a single therapist according to the block randomization method. Under the guidance of a researcher holding a Usui Reiki Master \& Teacher degree, a total of 26 patients in the intervention group will be given a short 30-minute application to energy centers by researchers with a second-degree Reiki practitioner. On the second and on third days, 30 minutes of short Reiki will be done remotely. No treatment will be applied to 26 patients in the control group. Post-tests will be applied to all patients 3 days and 10 days after they were included in the study.
The active ingredient in pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets, a PPI, is a substituted benzimidazole, sodium 5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-[[(3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl] sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole sesquihydrate, a compound that inhibits gastric acid secretion. Its empirical formula is C16H14F2N3NaO4S x 1.5 H2O, with a molecular weight of 432.37. The structural formula is:

Pantoprazole sodium is a white to off-white powder and is racemic. Pantoprazole has weakly basic and acidic properties. Pantoprazole sodium, USP is freely soluble in water, in methanol, and in dehydrated alcohol; practically insoluble in hexane and dichloromethane.

The stability of the compound in aqueous solution is pH-dependent. The rate of degradation increases with decreasing pH. At ambient temperature, the degradation half-life is approximately 2.8 hours at pH 5 and approximately 220 hours at pH 7.8.

Pantoprazole Sodium Delayed-Release Tablets, USP contains the following inactive ingredients: calcium stearate, crospovidone, hypromellose, ferric oxide red, ferrosoferric oxide black, mannitol, methacrylic acid- ethyl acrylate copolymer, polyethylene glycol, silicon dioxide, sodium carbonate, sucrose, talc, and triethyl citrate.

Imprinting ink contains ammonium hydroxide, ferrosoferric oxide black, isopropyl alcohol, N-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol and shellac glaze.

Meets USP Dissolution Test 3.
12.1 Mechanism of Action

In vitro studies and in vivo pharmacologic studies have demonstrated that albuterol has a preferential effect on beta2-adrenergic receptors compared with isoproterenol. Although beta2-adrenoceptors are the predominant adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and beta1-adrenoceptors are the predominant receptors in the heart, there are also beta2-adrenoceptors in the human heart comprising 10% to 50% of the total beta-adrenoceptors. The precise function of these receptors has not been established, but their presence raises the possibility that even selective beta2-agonists may have cardiac effects.

Activation of beta2-adrenergic receptors on airway smooth muscle leads to the activation of adenyl cyclase and to an increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic-3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). This increase of cyclic AMP leads to the activation of protein kinase A, which inhibits the phosphorylation of myosin and lowers intracellular ionic calcium concentrations, resulting in relaxation. Albuterol relaxes the smooth muscles of all airways, from the trachea to the terminal bronchioles. Albuterol acts as a functional antagonist to relax the airway irrespective of the spasmogen involved, thus protecting against all bronchoconstrictor challenges. Increased cyclic AMP concentrations are also associated with the inhibition of release of mediators from mast cells in the airway.

Albuterol has been shown in most controlled clinical trials to have more effect on the respiratory tract, in the form of bronchial smooth muscle relaxation, than isoproterenol at comparable doses while producing fewer cardiovascular effects. Controlled clinical studies and other clinical experience have shown that inhaled albuterol, like other beta-adrenergic agonist drugs, can produce a significant cardiovascular effect in some patients, as measured by pulse rate, blood pressure, symptoms, and/or electrocardiographic changes [see Warnings and Precautions 5-(5.4)]. 

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

The systemic levels of albuterol are low after inhalation of recommended doses. A trial conducted in 12 healthy male and female subjects using a higher dose (1,080 mcg of albuterol base) showed that mean peak plasma concentrations of approximately 3 ng/mL occurred after dosing when albuterol was delivered using propellant HFA-134a. The mean time to peak concentrations (Tmax) was delayed after administration of VENTOLIN HFA (Tmax = 0.42 hours) as compared with CFC-propelled albuterol inhaler (Tmax = 0.17 hours). Apparent terminal plasma half-life of albuterol is approximately 4.6 hours. No further pharmacokinetic trials for VENTOLIN HFA were conducted in neonates, children, or elderly subjects.
Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer, posing serious threats to the health of women. Although the cervicovaginal microbiota is strongly associated with CIN, the dynamics of the microbiota during CIN development are unknown. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 3-year longitudinal data from 72 patients diagnosed with a persistent HPV infection almost all caused by high-risk HPV types. Patients were categorized into groups with HPV persistent infection (n = 37), progression to CIN (n = 16), and CIN regression (n = 19) based on infection outcome during the follow-up period. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on consecutively collected cervical samples to explore the composition and dynamics of the cervicovaginal microbiota during the development and regression of CIN. Our results showed that the composition of the cervicovaginal microbiota varied among women with different HPV infection outcomes and remained relatively stable during the follow-up period. Notably, the serial follow-up data showed that these microbial alterations were present for at least 1-2 years and occurred before pathologic changes. In addition, microbial markers that were highly discriminatory for CIN progression or regression were identified. This study provides evidence for a temporal relationship between changes in the cervicovaginal microbiota and the development of CIN, and our findings provide support for future microbial intervention strategies for CIN.
Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) has a complex pathophysiology but the common end-point is ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and intestinal necrosis. We have previously reported that RIC significantly reduces the intestinal injury in a rat model of NEC. Here we describe the changes in intestinal mRNA occurring in the intestine of animals exposed to IRI, both with and without RIC. Related rat-pups were randomly assigned to four groups: SHAM, IRI only, RIC only and RIC + IRI. IRI animals, underwent 40 min of intestinal ischaemia, and 90 min of reperfusion. Animals that underwent RIC had three cycles of 5 min of alternating ischaemia/reperfusion by means of a ligature applied to the hind limb. Samples from the terminal ileum were immediately stored in RNA-preserving media for later next generation sequencing and transciptome analysis using R v 3.6.1. Differential expression testing showed that 868 genes differentially expressed in animals exposed to RIC alone compared to SHAM and 135 in the IRI and RIC group compared to IRI alone. Comparison between these two sets showed that 25 genes were differentially expressed in both groups. Pro-inflammatory molecules: NF-ĸβ2, Cxcl1, SOD2 and Map3k8 all show reduced expression in response to RIC. Targeted gene analysis revealed increased expression in PI3K which is part of the so-called RISK-pathway which is a key part of the protective mechanisms of RIC in the heart. Overall, this transcriptomic analysis shows that RIC provides a protective effect to the intestine via anti-inflammatory pathways. This could be particularly relevant to treating and preventing NEC.