anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Nicotine is the primary addictive component of tobacco products. Through its actions on the heart and autonomic nervous system, nicotine exposure is associated with electrophysiological changes and increased arrhythmia susceptibility. To assess the underlying mechanisms, we treated rabbits with transdermal nicotine (NIC, 21 mg/day) or control (CT) patches for 28 days before performing dual optical mapping of transmembrane potential (RH237) and intracellular Ca2+ (Rhod-2 AM) in isolated hearts with intact sympathetic innervation. Sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) was performed at the first to third thoracic vertebrae, and β-adrenergic responsiveness was additionally evaluated following norepinephrine (NE) perfusion. Baseline ex vivo heart rate (HR) and SNS stimulation threshold were higher in NIC versus CT (P = 0.004 and P = 0.003, respectively). Action potential duration alternans emerged at longer pacing cycle lengths (PCL) in NIC versus CT at baseline (P = 0.002) and during SNS (P = 0.0003), with similar results obtained for Ca2+ transient alternans. SNS shortened the PCL at which alternans emerged in CT but not in NIC hearts. NIC-exposed hearts tended to have slower and reduced HR responses to NE perfusion, but ventricular responses to NE were comparable between groups. Although fibrosis was unaltered, NIC hearts had lower sympathetic nerve density (P = 0.03) but no difference in NE content versus CT. These results suggest both sympathetic hypoinnervation of the myocardium and regional differences in β-adrenergic responsiveness with NIC. This autonomic remodeling may contribute to the increased risk of arrhythmias associated with nicotine exposure, which may be further exacerbated with long-term use.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we show that chronic nicotine exposure was associated with increased heart rate, increased susceptibility to alternans, and reduced sympathetic electrophysiological responses in the intact rabbit heart. We suggest that this was due to sympathetic hypoinnervation of the myocardium and diminished β-adrenergic responsiveness of the sinoatrial node following nicotine treatment. Though these differences did not result in increased arrhythmia propensity in our study, we hypothesize that prolonged nicotine exposure may exacerbate this proarrhythmic remodeling.
Patients harboring an EGFR mutation with multiple BM from NSCLC will receive Gefitinib concurrent WBRT until progression of disease.Gefitinib was given 250mg per day. WBRT was delivered in 3.0 Gy fractions once per day 5 days per week to a total dose of 30Gy (10 fractions).
Tc99m-labeled leukocyte: Based upon in vivo recovery and very low lung and liver uptake, the labeled leukocytes are still functional. Following reinjection of the Tc99m labeled leukocytes the circulating granulocyte activity as a percentage of labeled granulocyte activity at 40 minutes after injection gave a mean of 37% (range 10-47%).

During the first hour following injection of Tc99m labeled leukocytes, activity is seen in the lungs, liver, spleen, blood pool, bone marrow and the bladder. The kidneys (parenchyma and/or renal pelvis) and gall bladder may also be visualized. Over the first 1-6 hours, the Tc99m is visualized in the bowel. At 24 hours post-injection substantial colonic activity is seen. The normal areas visualized in earlier scans are still visible.
The invention provides a maize pollen polysaccharide-flavone compound formula capable of inhibiting oxidative stress induced by simulated space environment. The maize pollen polysaccharide-flavone compound formula capable of inhibiting oxidative stress induced by simulated space environment is prepared by the following steps: extracting polysaccharide and flavone compounds from wall-broken maize pollens, and carrying out anti-radiation screening so as to improve activities, so that a novel raw-material formula with anti-radiation functions is developed. The maize pollen polysaccharide-flavone compound formula with the effect of inhibiting oxidative stress is characterized in that the maize pollen polysaccharide-flavone compound formula comprises the maize pollen polysaccharide and the flavone in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of maize pollen polysaccharides and 4-10 parts of maize pollen flavone. The maize pollen polysaccharides and the flavone compounds used in the preparation method have the medical-treatment and healthcare functions of resisting oxidation, resisting senescence, enhancing immunity and the like. According to the invention, the maize pollen polysaccharide-flavone compound formula with the function of inhibiting oxidative stress is screened, so that the formula has good repair functions to the oxidative damages caused by the radiation. The maize pollen polysaccharide-flavone compound formula expands the application ranges of the maize pollens, and improves added economic values of the maize pollens. The maize pollen polysaccharide-flavone compound formula is simple in technology, and is suitable for popularization and application. The maize pollen polysaccharide-flavone compound formula is high in activities, and can be used as a raw material for foods, medicines, healthcare products and cosmetics.
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) is a reversible form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) that can be triggered by stressors such as exercise, nutritional deficits, and psychological stress. Dysfunction of the hypothalamic component of the reproductive axis plays a key role in functional HA and is manifest by an altered pattern of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses detectable in peripheral blood. There is ample evidence supporting the use of LH as a surrogate marker of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus. There is also significant evidence that women vary in their susceptibility to such stress-induced amenorrhea, pointing to a role for both environmental and genetic factors in the etiology of functional HA. However, the variation in changes in GnRH pulse frequency in response to stressors in healthy women has not been defined. Data from previous work in our lab has suggested that rare variants in genes associated with other forms of HH may also contribute to the variability seen in susceptibility to functional HA. The long-term goal of our research is to examine the interaction of environment and genes in HA. In this pilot study we propose to examine the inter-individual variability in pulsatile LH secretion in response to standardized neutral and deficient energy availability (NEA and DEA, respectively) in normal women. We will then relate this primary end-point to proposed predictive factors including past reproductive and family history and markers of current metabolic status and their response to energy availability. Our initial analyses will help to determine simplified biomarkers that can be translated to larger studies examining the potential combined effect of energy availability and genotype.

The proposed pilot study is a single-site, 2-period study in healthy female volunteers. The study will enroll approximately 300 participants with a target for study completion of 36 subjects. Eligible participants will be females greater than or equal to 18 years of age. Eligible participants will have had menarche at or before 14 years of age and no earlier than age 11. Eligible participants will have a gynecological age (years after menarche) of 14 years or less. The upper age limit will vary based on each subject s age of menarche and fall between 25 and 28 among participants. Eligible participants will confirm at the pre-screening call having normal menstrual cycles (self-reported) for at least the previous 2 months and ovulation will be confirmed during the menstrual cycle before the start of intervention.

The primary outcome will be changes in daytime LH pulse frequency, when comparing NEA vs DEA. Secondary measures will evaluate past reproductive history, family history, and current metabolic status using medical history interviews, lifestyle questionnaires and maximum oxygen uptake (as a measure of fitness). Resting energy expenditure, body composition as well as metabolic and stress hormones will be measured at baseline and in association with the interventions.
BACKGROUND: Individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs) and neurogenetic conditions (IDNDs) are at greater risk for comorbidities that may increase adverse outcomes for this population when they have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study aims are to examine the population-level odds of hospitalisation and mortality of privately insured individuals with COVID-19 with and without IDNDs IDs, controlling for sociodemographics and comorbid health conditions.
METHODS: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study of 1174 individuals with IDs and neurogenetic conditions within a population of 752 237 de-identified, privately insured, US patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 2020 and September 2020. Odds of hospitalisation and mortality among COVID-19 patients with IDNDs adjusted for demographic characteristics, Health Resources and Services Administration region, states with Affordable Care Act and number of comorbid health conditions were analysed.
RESULTS: Patients with IDNDs overall had higher rates of COVID-19 hospitalisation than those without IDNDs (35.01% vs. 12.65%, P < .0001) and had higher rates of COVID-19 mortality than those without IDNDs (4.94% vs. .88%, P < .0001). Adjusting for sociodemographic factors only, the odds of being hospitalised for COVID-19 associated with IDNDs was 4.05 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.56-4.61]. Adjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidity count, the odds of hospitalisation for COVID-19 associated with IDNDs was 1.42 (95% CI 1.25-1.61). The odds of mortality from COVID-19 for individuals with IDNDs adjusted for sociodemographic factors only was 4.65 (95% CI 3.47-6.24). The odds of mortality from COVID-19 for patients with IDNDs adjusted for sociodemographic factors and comorbidity count was 2.70 (95% CI 2.03-3.60). A major finding of the study was that even when considering the different demographic structure and generally higher disease burden of patients with IDNDs, having a IDND was an independent risk factor for increased hospitalisation and mortality compared with patients without IDNDs.
CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with IDNDs had significantly higher odds of hospitalisation and mortality after adjusting for sociodemographics. Results remained significant with a slight attenuation after adjusting for sociodemographics and comorbidities. Adjustments for comorbidity count demonstrated a dose-response increase in odds of both hospitalisation and mortality, illustrating the cumulative effect of health concerns on COVID-19 outcomes. Together, findings highlight that individuals with IDNDs experience vulnerability for negative COVID-19 health outcomes with implications for access to comprehensive healthcare.
The extent of percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids is determined by many factors including the vehicle, the integrity of the epidermal barrier, and the use of occlusive dressings.

Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from normal intact skin. Inflammation and/or other disease processes in the skin increase percutaneous absorption. Occlusive dressings substantially increase the percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids. Once absorbed through the skin, topical corticosteroids are handled through pharmacokinetic pathways similar to systemically administered corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are bound to plasma proteins in varying degrees. Corticosteroids are metabolized primarily in the liver and are then excreted by the kidneys. Some of the topical corticosteroids and their metabolites are also excreted into the bile.

Plasma concentrations of desoximetasone were measured at two single random time points in the HPA axis suppression trial in 24 adult subjects with psoriasis [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. The mean (% Coefficient of Variation) concentration of desoximetasone was 449 pg/mL (86%) at Day 14 and 678 pg/mL (135%) at Day 28. The concentration time profile following application of desoximetasone topical spray is not known.

In the pediatric HPA axis suppression trial, plasma concentrations of desoximetasone were measured in a subset of subjects in Cohorts 1 and 2 [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. High inter subject variability in plasma concentrations was observed in both cohorts. The mean (% Coefficient of Variation) maximum concentration on Day 29 was 1881 pg/mL (127%) in Cohort 1 (n=11) and 1116 pg/mL (94%) in Cohort 2 (n=8).
INTRODUCTION: Interpretations of patient-reported outcome measures following knee arthroplasty lack context and typically do not account for costs, risks and benefits compared to an alternative treatment. The primary purpose of our paper is to estimate expectations patients have for pain and function destination outcome, six-months following surgery relative to the outcome expected if knee arthroplasty was not done. Secondary purposes were to determine if statistically significant changes in the smallest worthwhile six-month outcome occurred following an interactive discussion and to assess the construct validity of the expected six-month outcome obtained at baseline.
METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 121 patients undergoing knee arthroplasty. Smallest worthwhile effect estimates were determined and expected six-month KOOS Pain and Function, daily activity measures were established during a pre-operative visit.
RESULTS: The average six-month expected (the destination of interest) KOOS Pain score was 75 (IQR = 64 to 86) and the average KOOS Function, daily activity score was 74 (IQR = 59 to 86). The smallest worthwhile effect discussion led to significant changes in expected destination scores. For example, KOOS Pain expected outcome changed from 87.7 (9.8) to 75.0 (13.6), a statistically significant reduction in expected outcome (t(119) = 16.942, p < 0.001.
CONCLUSION: Six-month expected KOOS outcomes following knee arthroplasty were established and approximate the average six-month outcomes reported in the literature. Validity of these estimates was established. These data can be used to aid shared decision-making discussions regarding patient expectations of knee arthroplasty outcomes during a patient encounter.
The control group will receive a self-care education program (once time per month, during 4 months). This program will include information about health habits in the sport.
Spirulina platensis is rich in nutritional profile and a great source of prebiotic with neuro-protective properties. Stress is an inevitable part of today's lives, affecting people differently, and individuals with resilient adaptations are less vulnerable to it. The present study aims at evaluating Spirulina as a prebiotic supplement in the early life of zebrafish to cope with chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in its later stage of life. Zebrafish 5dpf larvae were fed with 1% Spirulina formulated diet for 90 days, and then adult zebrafish were subjected to CUS for 15 days to evaluate the diet's response to chronic stress. The observations were compared by studying the anxiety level through behavioural test, gut microbiota composition analysis, and the effect on the myelin sheath at the ultrastructural and molecular levels. In zebrafish given the Spirulina supplemented diet, CUS did not induce anxiety-like behaviour, Spirulina supplementation lowered the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and helped in myelin protection, with a significant decrease in the myelin g-ratio and upregulation of myelin-related genes bdnf, mpz, olig2 and sox10 which resulted in mitigating the effect of stress as compared to fish fed with a normal diet. To conclude, Spirulina supplementation in the early life of zebrafish helps to reduce the effects of a chronic unpredictable stress. However, Spirulina's protective effect against overall stress needs to be evaluated further.
Hyperkalemia: High dosage of trimethoprim, as used in patients with P. jiroveciipneumonia, induces a progressive but reversible increase of serum potassium concentrations in a substantial number of patients. Even treatment with recommended doses may cause hyperkalemia when trimethoprim is administered to patients with underlying disorders of potassium metabolism, with renal insufficiency, or if drugs known to induce hyperkalemia are given concomitantly. Close monitoring of serum potassium is warranted in these patients. 

Hyponatremia: Severe and symptomatic hyponatremia can occur in patients receiving sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, particularly for the treatment of P. jiroveciipneumonia. Evaluation for hyponatremia and appropriate correction is necessary in symptomatic patients to prevent life-threatening complications. 

Crystalluria: During treatment, ensure adequate fluid intake and urinary output to prevent crystalluria. Patients who are "slow acetylators" may be more prone to idiosyncratic reactions to sulfonamides.
BACKGROUND: Handmade carpet weaving involves intense mental focus as well as extended periods of sitting in an awkward posture. Prolonged sitting in the same squat position causes musculoskeletal disorders in various motor parts of the body. Weavers are at high risk of developing Work-related Musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and low back pain (LB) due to the long working durations.
METHODS: The effect of hand weaving carpets for a prolonged period of time on carpet weavers was evaluated using a modified Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire and postural analysis. A total of 223 weavers and 200 employees from other vocations volunteered to take part in the study, with the former serving as the study group and the latter as the control group. The lighting condition of the workplace was assessed using an Extech LT 300 Digital Light Meter with a measurement range of 0.01-400,000 Lux. The questionnaire data were analysed using SPSS software, and postural analysis was performed using Ergo Plus software.
RESULTS: The Chi Squared test demonstrates that there was a significant difference in musculoskeletal complaints between the study and control groups. A P-value of less than 0.0001 was calculated for all body parts except the upper back. Musculoskeletal symptoms in weavers were corroborated by high Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) ratings in their necks, upper arms, lower arms, and wrists. Furthermore, the statistical mode - the most commonly occurring value in a collection of data of final REBA scores of 10 for the knotting and combing tasks indicated that a change in working posture is urgently required to reduce the risk of MSD development. The average Luminous flux per unit area of 332.05 Lux was observed at weaving stations.
CONCLUSION: The study's results indicate an elevated susceptibility among a majority of carpet weavers to musculoskeletal disorders in contrast to the general population. Moreover, the looms employed by these individuals exhibit primitive construction, marked by a dearth of consideration for ergonomic principles. Consequently, workers are compelled to assume suboptimal working postures, carrying potential long-term health implications. In light of these observations, the study proposes a series of ergonomic recommendations aimed at enhancing the design of workstations, informed by the discerned findings.
Subjects in the EWB group were allowed to begin bearing 50 pounds (lbs) through their hindfoot in either the boot or the short leg cast at the two-week visit. They were allowed to advance their weightbearing as tolerated by 25 lbs every four days until full weightbearing through the hindfoot was achieved.
The physical activity program will consist of a stationary bike cycling program. Each day will consist of a cycling program of varying levels of difficulty for 20-50 minutes.
Mechanism of Action

Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibacterial produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius.(1) It acts primarily by disrupting protein synthesis, leading to altered cell membrane permeability, progressive disruption of the cell envelope, and eventual cell death.(3)

Tobramycin has in vitro activity against gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is bactericidal in vitro at concentrations equal to or slightly greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). 

Resistance 

Treatment for 6 months with tobramycin inhalation solution in two clinical studies did not affect the susceptibility of the majority of P. aeruginosa isolates tested; however, increased minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were noted in some patients. The clinical significance of this information has not been clearly established in the treatment of P. aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients [see Clinical Studies (14)]. 

Susceptibility Test Methods 

Interpretive criteria for inhaled antibacterial products are not defined. The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test methods used for parenteral tobramycin therapy can be used to monitor the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. If decreased susceptibility is noted, the results should be reported to the clinician. Susceptibility breakpoints established for parenteral administration of tobramycin do not apply to aerosolized administration of tobramycin inhalation solution. The relationship between in vitro susceptibility test results and clinical outcome with tobramycin inhalation solution therapy is not clear. A single sputum sample from a cystic fibrosis patient may contain multiple morphotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and each morphotype may have a different level of in vitro susceptibility to tobramycin.
The invention relates to a medicine used for treating pressure-ulcer, and specifically relates to a pressure-ulcer medicine and a preparation method thereof. The pressure-ulcer medicine is prepared from pearl powder, mud eel blood, aloe juice, officinal magnolia flower, sophora subprosstratae, divaricate saposhnikovia, salvia miltiorrhiza, redroot gromwell, and badger fat. The main components are officinal magnolia flower, sophora subprosstratae, and salvia miltiorrhiza. When the three medicine materials are used together, functions such as inflammation elimination, pain relieving, dampness elimination, itching relieving, stasis removing, and swelling subsiding are provided. Also, the mud eel blood, aloe, divaricate saposhnikovia, redroot gromwell, badger fat, and pearl powder are used in auxiliary, such that functions such as bleeding stopping, detoxifying, tissue regeneration promoting, and skin penetration maintaining are added on a basis of the enhancements on dampness eliminating and heat clearing functions. Therefore, skin red swelling caused by radiation dermatitis and chemotherapy medicine extravasation can be rapidly eliminated, and ulcer wound healing can be promoted.
The dose of dialysis in terms of urea clearance is marginal in many hemodialysis patients, and metabolic acidosis as determined by the pre-diaysis serum HCO 3  level is common. A dialysate that included citric acid rather than acetic acid as acidifying agent provides superior performance properties. Citrate-containing dialysate was used exclusively in 22 hemodialysis patients. Initially, only 8 of the 22 patients had a pre-diaysis serum HCO 3 >23mEq/L (lower limit or normal), however, after 12 weeks of dialysis using the citrate-containing dialysate, the serum HCO 3  normalized in 15 patients (p=0.0001, Chi-square). Dialysis variables were kept constant in 19 of the patients, who also used and reused the same dialyzer model throughout. In these patients, the initial average urea reduction ratio (URR) was 68.5±5.9%, and after treatment with the citrate dialysate disclosed herein, this ratio had increased to 73±5.3% (p<0.03). SpKt/V, calculated using the Daugirdas II formula, also increased from 1.23±0.19 to 1.34±0.2 (p=0.01). This increased urea clearance may be the result of the anticoagulant property of citrate maintaining patency of the dialyzer membrane. The increase in pre-dialysis serum HCO 3  may represent increased delivery from the dialysate and production from citric acid.