anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: To report the largest case series of isolated malleus fractures with systematic review to characterize the disease's presentation and natural history, and provide suggestions for management.
DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library.
REVIEW METHODS: Retrospective cohort study was performed on 12 patients with isolated malleus fractures. History, physical exam, pre- and post-treatment audiograms, and imaging were obtained. Systematic review of the literature was performed.
RESULTS: Including the cases herein, 58 isolated malleus fractures were identified, the majority of which were published in the 21st century. Mean time to presentation after injury was 34.4 months. Most common etiology was external auditory canal (EAC) manipulation. Physical exam and imaging did not identify any abnormality at presentation in 16% and 21% of cases, respectively. The majority of fractures involved the manubrium. Air-bone gap (ABG) at initial presentation ranged from 16 to 26 dB, and was greater at higher frequencies. Thirty-six cases underwent surgery. ABG improvement was greater at all frequencies for those who underwent surgery. Final ABG was significantly less than initial ABG at nearly every frequency for those who underwent surgery (p < 0.05), while not at any frequency for those who were observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Isolated malleus fractures may occur more often than historical data suggests, and are perhaps underdiagnosed. Abrupt removal of a finger from the EAC with pain and hearing loss is nearly pathognomonic. Conductive hearing loss with ABG greater at higher frequencies is most often observed. Observation is unlikely to produce spontaneous improvements in hearing, while surgery demonstrates reliable decreases in ABG. Laryngoscope, 134:1032-1041, 2024.
Day 0, three consecutive C16G2 or placebo rinse administrations followed by three single C16G2 or placebo rinse administrations. Days 1 to 6 two additional C16G2 or placebo rinse administrations.
BACKGROUND: Our aim was to investigate the relationship between persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), short-term brain injury or death, and clinical parameters in infants with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).
METHODS: Retrospective single-center cohort study of 274 HIE infants, 230 underwent Therapeutic Hypothermia (TH). Primary outcome was severe HIE brain injury on MRI and/or death within the first month of life in relation to presence and severity of PPHN (clinical or echocardiographic). Secondary outcomes were HIE brain injury pattern, abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG), seizures, clinical, and laboratory differences. A logistic regression model was performed to evaluate PPHN presence and severity as risk factor for brain injury or death.
RESULTS: The combined outcome of severe brain injury or death was higher in the clinical PPHN group vs non-PPHN (32.6 vs 22.8%, p = 0.014). There was no difference in brain injury, seizure burden or EEG abnormalities associated with PPHN, despite those with PPHN being sicker with higher ventilation needs and worse laboratory values than those without. Mortality had a strong correlation with echocardiographic PPHN with the highest incidence in severe (36%) vs moderate (7.7%) vs mild PPHN (10%, p = 0.002). Highest mortality had those with 'early exit' who did not complete 72 hours of TH (71.4%).
CONCLUSIONS: In infants with HIE, PPHN was not associated with increased risk of brain injury as evident on MRI, nor seizure burden, despite being sicker with worse laboratory values. However, mortality rates were higher the worse the PPHN, especially with early exit from TH.
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent whose clinical use is hindered by the onset of cardiotoxic effects, resulting in reduced ejection fraction within the first year from treatment initiation. Recently it has been demonstrated that DOX accumulates within mitochondria, leading to disruption of metabolic processes and energetic imbalance. We previously described that phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) contributes to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, causing autophagy inhibition and accumulation of damaged mitochondria. Here we intend to describe the maladaptive metabolic rewiring occurring in DOX-treated hearts and the contribution of PI3Kγ signalling to this process. Metabolomic analysis of DOX-treated WT hearts revealed an accumulation of TCA cycle metabolites due to a cycle slowdown, with reduced levels of pyruvate, unchanged abundance of lactate and increased Acetyl-CoA production. Moreover, the activity of glycolytic enzymes was upregulated, and fatty acid oxidation downregulated, after DOX, indicative of increased glucose oxidation. In agreement, oxygen consumption was increased in after pyruvate supplementation, with the formation of cytotoxic ROS rather than energy production. These metabolic changes were fully prevented in KD hearts. Interestingly, they failed to increase glucose oxidation in response to DOX even with autophagy inhibition, indicating that PI3Kγ likely controls the fuel preference after DOX through an autophagy-independent mechanism. In vitro experiments showed that inhibition of PI3Kγ inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), the key enzyme of Randle cycle regulating the switch from fatty acids to glucose usage, while decreasing DOX-induced mobilization of GLUT-4-carrying vesicles to the plasma membrane and limiting the ensuing glucose uptake. These results demonstrate that PI3Kγ promotes a maladaptive metabolic rewiring in DOX-treated hearts, through a two-pronged mechanism controlling PDH activation and GLUT-4-mediated glucose uptake.
Participants received fixed dose of 60 mg selinexor orally, twice weekly (BIW) on Days 1 and 3 (e.g., Monday and Wednesday or Tuesday and Thursday, etc.) of Weeks 1-4 of each four week (each cycle of 28 days) cycle (total of 8 doses per cycle).
BACKGROUND: Chronic postsurgical pain (CPP) markedly impairs patients' quality of life. Research has shown that chronic stress may extend incisional nociception in male mice. Dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are integral to stress-related mental disorders (including major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and PTSD) and pain. However, the impact of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) on mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission in the development of CPP is yet to be established. It remains uncertain whether the dopamine signals in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), which regulate pain, derive from the VTA. This study aims to explore the role of VTA-rACC dopaminergic circuits in a mouse model of CPP induced by CSDS.
METHODS: We conducted CSDS on C57BL/6 J wild-type male mice (n = 12-16 mice/group) and DAT-cre male mice (n = 10-12 mice/group). After 10 days of CSDS, a left posterior plantar incision was made to establish a mouse model of CPP. Paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) were evaluated using Von-Frey fibre stimulation. The open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze test (EPM) were used to assess pain-related negative emotions. We used immunofluorescence staining and Western Blot to analyse D1, D2, c-Fos, and TH expression. DAergic fibre projections in the VTA-rACC neural pathway were traced using retrograde tracing and immunofluorescence staining. Optogenetics and Chemogenetics were employed to manipulate DAergic neurons in the VTA and their axons in the rACC.
RESULTS: The ipsilateral PWTs in male C57BL/6 J mice significantly decreased after surgery, returning to baseline after seven days. Conversely, in CSDS mice, ipsilateral PWTs remained reduced for at least 30 days post-incision. A significant reduction in TH-positive neurons expressing c-Fos in the VTA of CPP mice was observed 15 days post-incision. Activating DAergic neurons significantly improved ipsilateral PWTs and locomotor performance in the OFT and EPM in CPP mice post-incision. Additionally, D1 expression in the rACC was found to decrease in CPP mice, and this reduction counteracted the increase in PWTs caused by activating DAergic neuron axon terminals in the rACC.
CONCLUSION: CSDS results in chronicity of postsurgical nociception and anxiety-like negative emotions, with alterations in DA transmission playing a role in CPP. Specific activation of DAergic neurons mitigates nociceptive responses and anxiety-like bahaviors, possibly mediated by D1 receptors in the rACC.
A sponge-like releasing dosage form is provided. The structure of the sponge-like releasing dosage form comprises a main body, active compounds and a protective layer. The main body is a sponge-like structure, which has pluralities of pores. The active compounds can be dispersed in the main body or can be accommodated in the pores. The protective layer covers the main body surface, which allowing the active compounds to be retained inside the main body. Therefore, the sponge-like dosage forms provided herein are able to maintain the stability of the active compounds and also to control releasing the active compounds.
Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) promote tissue clearance and immune surveillance in the central nervous system (CNS). Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) regulates MLV development and maintenance and has therapeutic potential for treating neurological disorders. Herein, we investigated the effects of VEGF-C overexpression on brain fluid drainage and ischemic stroke outcomes in mice. Intracerebrospinal administration of an adeno-associated virus expressing mouse full-length VEGF-C (AAV-mVEGF-C) increased CSF drainage to the deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs) by enhancing lymphatic growth and upregulated neuroprotective signaling pathways identified by single nuclei RNA sequencing of brain cells. In a mouse model of ischemic stroke, AAV-mVEGF-C pretreatment reduced stroke injury and ameliorated motor performances in the subacute stage, associated with mitigated microglia-mediated inflammation and increased BDNF signaling in brain cells. Neuroprotective effects of VEGF-C were lost upon cauterization of the dCLN afferent lymphatics and not mimicked by acute post-stroke VEGF-C injection. We conclude that VEGF-C prophylaxis promotes multiple vascular, immune, and neural responses that culminate in a protection against neurological damage in acute ischemic stroke.
BACKGROUND: In a kidney transplant tertiary referral center; we compared 3 operating team configurations of different surgical specialties to highlight the effect of the operating surgeon's specialty on various operative details and procedural outcome.
METHODS: A total of 50 cases of living donor transplantations were divided into 3 main groups according to the operating surgeons' specialty, the first group (A) includes 12 patients exclusively operated on by urologists with advanced training in transplantation, the second group (B) includes 35 patients operated by combined surgical specialties; a urologist and a vascular surgeon both with advanced transplantation training, and a third group (C) includes 3 cases where the transplant operation commenced with operating urologists as in group (A) but required intraoperative urgent notification of a vascular surgeon to manage unexpected intraoperative technical difficulties or major complications. Cases were studied according to operative details, anastomosis techniques, ischemia times, total procedure time, recovery of urinary output, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, postoperative surgical complications and serum creatinine level for up to 3 years of follow-up.
RESULTS: Study of operative details revealed that total duration of graft ischemia was significantly shorter in group (B) and significantly longer in group (C) (P value 0.001), Total procedural duration also varied significantly between the 3 groups, group (B) being the shortest while group (C) was the longest (P value less than 0.001). Technically; group (A) used only end to end arterial anastomosis as a standard technique, while group (B) used both end-to-end and end-to-side anastomoses as required per each case. End to side anastomosis in group (B) yielded better immediate graft response in the form of change in color, texture, earlier and more profuse postoperative urine volumes (P value 0.025). Furthermore, anastomosis to common and external iliac arteries (group B) yielded earlier and higher urine volumes than the internal iliac artery (P values 0.024 and 0.031 respectively). Group (B) recorded significantly less postoperative perigraft hematomas and lymphoceles compared to the other 2 groups. Equal rates of urine leaks, ICU stay, creatinine levels, patient and grafts survival rates among groups (A) and (B), while postoperative recovery and ICU stay duration were more lengthy in the complicated group (C).
CONCLUSIONS: A vascular surgeon operating in a transplantation team would deal comfortably and efficiently with various vascular related challenges and complications, thus avoiding unnecessary time waste, complications and costs.
UNLABELLED: Sexual transmission of enteric pathogens among men who have sex with men (MSM) is well documented, although whether providers are cognizant of this risk when MSM patients present with gastrointestinal symptoms has not been studied. Over 34 months at a major tertiary metropolitan medical system, this study retrospectively analyzed 436 BioFire FilmArray Gastrointestinal results from 361 patients documented as MSM. An extensive chart review was performed, including specific sexual behaviors, socioeconomic risk factors, and whether providers charted a sexual history when a patient presented for care. Overall BioFire positivity rate was 62% with no significant difference in positivity between persons living with HIV and those without. Patients charted as sexually active had a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) of a positive result compared to those who were not. Anilingus had the highest OR. Providers charted any type of sexual history in 40.6% of cases, and HIV/infectious disease providers were significantly more likely to do this compared to other subspecialties. Sexual transmission of enteric pathogens within MSM is ongoing, and patients are at risk regardless of living with HIV. Not all sexual behaviors have the same associated risk, highlighting opportunities to decrease transmission. Increased provider vigilance and better patient education on sexual transmission of enteric pathogens are needed to reduce the disease burden.
IMPORTANCE: Our work adds several key findings to the growing body of literature describing the epidemiology of enteric pathogens as sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men (MSM). We analyzed clinical test results, housing status, provider awareness, sexual behaviors, and symptoms for 361 patients. We found that any sexual activity was associated with an increased risk of diarrheal pathogen detection, whereas being unhoused was not a risk factor. These findings suggest separate transmission networks between unhoused persons, who are also at risk of infectious diarrhea, and MSM. Moreover, our study suggested low awareness among patient-facing clinicians that diarrheal pathogens can be sexually transmitted. Together, our findings indicate an important opportunity to disrupt transmission cycles by educating clinicians on how to assess and counsel MSM patients.
Compositions for improving venous or venolymphatic circulatory troubles in limbs comprise 1 to 20 parts by weight of at least one angiotonic agent selected from benzoin tincture, hamamelis liquid extract and preparations containing Vitamin P, e.g. horse-chestnut extracts, and 2 to 16 parts by weight of at least one volatile cooling agent selected from acetone, camphor, menthol, ethyl ether and chloroform.  The compositions may also contain 97 to 64 parts by weight of two carriers, one being selected from glycerol, aqueous glycerol, hydroethanolic glycerol, propylene glycol and ointment excipients, the other being ethyl alcohol (90% by volume).  Other optional ingredients include azulene, allantoin and histamine.  The compositions are generally applied to the skin in the form of a solution, which may be impregnated on a bandage, or as a spray. Specification 979,184 is referred to.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Previous studies have shown that sarcopenic obesity (SO) was associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, research is limited in the context of the NAFLD renamed as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) defined by updated diagnostic criteria. The aim of this study was to use the index skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio (SVR) to describe SO in a large and representative US population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018) of adults and investigate their association with MASLD.
METHODS: A total of 2087 individuals were included in the analysis. SVR was calculated according to the measurement of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and MASLD was diagnosed with controlled attenuation parameter scores and cardiometabolic risk factors. SVR was divided into tertiles. Logistic regression adjusted for confounders was used to evaluate the association between SVR and MASLD. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of our findings.
RESULTS: In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, a significant association between SVR and MASLD was shown (odds ratio [OR]: 3.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-7.39, p = .010 for middle levels of SVR; OR: 3.82, 95% CI: 1.45-10.08, p = .007 for lowest levels of SVR). The sensitivity analyses confirmed that the association was robust.
CONCLUSION: Our findings imply that decreased SVR is linked to MASLD.
There were approximately 20,000 extremity trauma cases associated with the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Many of these individuals have experienced multiple limb-sparing surgeries and orthotic utilization. Many continue functioning with use of their orthosis while others may seek delayed amputation. It is unclear if limb salvage or amputation is more advantageous functionally or preferred following lower extremity(LE) trauma. The IDEO (Intrepid Dynamic Exoskeletal Orthosis) was developed to assist in maintaining high functional performance in patients who have experienced high energy lower extremity trauma (HELET) and limb salvage surgeries primarily effecting the LE below the level of the knee joint. The IDEO represents one "advanced" orthotic option for a traumatized and surgically spared limb however there are other "advanced" orthotic options. Problematically, few studies have reported outcomes associated with these devices. In the few studies available, sample sizes are small which greatly reduces generalizability of study findings. The purpose of the IM ABLE study is to determine if advanced (ADV) ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) will enable users to achieve greater levels of physical and self-reported function compared with conventional (CONV) AFOs for those ambulating at or above the independent community level of ambulation.
Patients will be randomized to receive standard of care or standard of care + hydroxychloroquine. Dose will be weight-adjusted: 200 mg daily for patients weighing \<60kg; and 400 mg daily (200 mg twice a day)for patients weighing \>60kg.
Intrinsic and acquired drug resistance remain major obstacles in the treatment of cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that in some malignancies P-glycoprotein can confer resistance, and that its reversal can improve therapeutic outcome. Clinical trials investigating P-glycoprotein antagonists have been hampered by the occurrence of unpredictable pharmacokinetic interactions, which have required dose reductions of the chemotherapeutic agents to avert excessive toxicity. XR9576 is a new P-glycoprotein antagonist that is more potent, has prolonged activity, and is potentially devoid of significant pharmacokinetic interactions. This phase I study seeks to identify the safety of XR9576 administration in combination with vinorelbine and determine the extent, if any, of a pharmacokinetic interaction between these two drugs. Clinical responses will also be determined.
The incidence of postoperative residual curarisation (PORC) is about 2%-64% worldwide, which may be an underling risk factor of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), causing many undesirable effects on patients. Thus, reversal drugs of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) such as neostigmine (NEO) and sugammadex (SUG) have been administrated, and SUG maybe perform better in preventing PORC. Different supplementary methods to help identify PORC or PPCs have also been reported, such as adductor of pollicis acceleromyography and lung ultrasound (LUS). Recently, diaphragm ultrasonography has been used to evaluate PORC, as a novel approach.In this prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, we will enroll 414 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III, aged over 60 years, who will be scheduled to undergo arthroplasty surgery under general anesthesia. Participants will be randomized into NEO and SUG group receiving neostigmine and sugammadex as reversal drug respectively. The primary outcomes will be the incidence of PPCs in NEO and SUG group respectively. The secondary outcome is the incidence of PORC in the two groups.We hypothesize that: 1) the incidence of PPCs is lower after reversal with SUG than with NEO, 2) using the method of diaphragm ultrasonography, the incidence PORC is lower after reversal with SUG than with NEO, 3) the incidence of PPCs can be predicted by LUS and by evaluating whether there is PORC through diaphragmatic ultrasound.
The invention discloses application of a neutral dendritic polymer material to preparing a drug carrier. The neutral dendritic polymer material is specially a compound represented by formula I, wherein in the formula I, n is any numerical value between 0 and 128. The dendritic polymer material has potential of hydrogen (pH) sensitivity and is neutral under physiological conditions. Tertiary amine in PAMAM is protonated and transformed into an electropositive material at low pH. Due to peculiar properties of the neutral dendritic polymer material, the neutral dendritic polymer material can composite small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) at the condition of pH5, and then the siRNA can be fixed in the neutral dendritic polymer material through cross-linking between hydrazine groups on the surface of the PAMAM to form a stable delivery system. The cross-linking composite has good stability, safety and controllability, thereby overcoming limitations of cationic polymer or cationic lipid materials. Cross-linking delivery particles based on the neutral dendritic polymer material have superior potential than a traditional delivery system and have wide application prospect in the gene therapy field.
The invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicines, particularly to a drug for treating piglet diarrhea, as well as a preparation method, a detection method and the application thereof. The drug is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of sabina chinensis (L.) Ant.[Juiperus chinensis.L.] and 1-2 parts of caryopteris incana (Thunb.) Miq. [Nepeta incana Thunb. ex Houtt.]. The drug can be prepared into powders and granules. The preparation method comprises the following steps: soaking dry sabina chinensis (L.) Ant.[Juiperus chinensis.L.] and dried caryopteris incana (Thunb.) Miq. [Nepeta incana Thunb. ex Houtt.] with 11 times of water for 1 hour for the first time, decocting for 1 hour, decocting for 1 hour with 4 times of water for the second time, merging water decoctions, filtering, concentrating filtrate, drying, grinding into fine powders, screening, uniformly mixing, and preparing into powders. The chromatographic conditions in a drug quality detection method are that a HypersilDs chromatographic column is adopted; acetonitrile and a 0.05 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution are adopted as moving phases, and the ratio of acetonitrile to the sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 30:70; the detection wavelength is 200 nm; the column temperature is 20 DEG C; the flow rate is 1.0 mL.min<-1>; and the sample amount is 10 [mu]L.