anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recent evidence suggests earlier tracheostomy is associated with fewer complications in patients with complete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aims to evaluate the influence of spine surgical approach on the association between tracheostomy timing and in-hospital adverse events treating patients with complete cervical SCI.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was performed using Trauma Quality Improvement Program data from 2017 to 2020. All patients with acute complete (American Spinal Injury Association-A) cervical SCI who underwent tracheostomy and spine surgery were included. Tracheostomy timing was dichotomized to early (within 1 week after surgery) and delayed (more than 1 week after surgery). Primary outcome was the occurrence of major in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes included occurrences of immobility-related complications, surgical-site infection, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, and time on mechanical ventilation.
RESULTS: The study included 1592 patients across 358 trauma centers. Mean time to tracheostomy from surgery was 8.6 days. A total of 495 patients underwent anterior approach, 670 underwent posterior approach, and 427 underwent combined anterior and posterior approach. Patients who underwent anterior approach were significantly more likely to have delayed tracheostomy compared with posterior approach (53% vs 40%, P < .001). Early tracheotomy significantly reduced major in-hospital complications (odds ratio 0.67, 95% CI 0.53-0.84) and immobility complications (odds ratio = 0.78, 95% CI 0.6-1.0). Those undergoing early tracheostomy spent 6.0 (95% CI -8.47 to -3.43) fewer days in hospital, 5.7 (95% CI -7.8 to -3.7) fewer days in the intensive care unit, and 5.9 (95% CI -8.2 to -3.7) fewer days ventilated. Surgical approach had no significant negative effect on the association between tracheostomy timing and the outcomes of interest.
CONCLUSION: Earlier tracheostomy for patients with cervical SCI is associated with reduced complications, length of stay, and ventilation time. This relationship appears independent of the surgical approach. These findings emphasize that tracheostomy need not be delayed because of the SCI treatment approach.
Eligible participants will take part in the home-based pulmonary rehabilitation using the Aidcube platform in-person assessment and training with a research coordinator (i.e. physical exercise capacity assessment, SPPB, disability survey, exercise prescription determination, exercise training, dyspnea control techniques) and complete an follow-up assessment at the 8th week.
Gallium nitrate will be infused continuously over 5 days at 200 mg/m2/day. Study drug will be administered via a peripheral IV catheter, a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line, midline catheter, or a chronic indwelling vascular access device using an ambulatory infusion pump infused over 24 hours for 5 sequential days for each cycle. There is a maximum of 2 cycles.
Provided is a case storage system capable of transmitting and storing a case from any terminal device to a server device without revealing privacy items. An upload preparation unit (6) receives an upload-related page request and transmits a mask processing program (24) to a terminal device (T). A mask processing program recording unit (18) of the terminal device (T) temporarily records the received mask processing program (24) in a recording unit (22). A case data transmission unit (20) masks the privacy information of the case data (24) recorded in the recording unit (22) by means of the mask processing program (24), and transmits the masked information to the server device (S). Therefore, even if the operator on the terminal device (T) side is not aware of it, the masked case data can be transmitted to the server device (S). A recording unit (8) of the server device (S) records the received masked case data in a recording unit (2). Thus, even if a special program is not prepared in advance, the case data with the masked privacy items can be communicated and stored on the terminal device (T).
OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) at diagnosis in Asian adolescent females with anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN.
METHOD: We analyzed the BMD results for 213 patients between 10 and 18 years of age, with AN and atypical AN receiving care at a pediatric hospital in Singapore. We used linear regression analyses to determine if type of eating disorder, premorbid weight, and duration of amenorrhea were risk factors for low BMD. For a subset of patients with repeat BMD evaluation, we used paired t-tests to assess the impact of weight or menstrual restoration on the change in BMD.
RESULTS: The prevalence of BMD height-for-age Z-scores <-2 at presentation was higher in patients with AN (13.0%) than atypical AN (2.3%) (p = .034). In multivariate regression, a diagnosis of atypical AN was protective against low BMD at the lumbar spine (B = 0.394, p = .009) and total body less head (B = 0.774, p = .010). Duration of amenorrhea was not associated with BMD across all sites. For those with repeat BMD measures, there was significantly less deterioration in the BMD Z-scores for patients with weight or menstrual restoration (R = -0.22 ± 0.59, NR = -0.69 ± 0.43, p = .029).
CONCLUSIONS: Duration of amenorrhea was not associated with BMD in this sample. A diagnosis of AN was correlated with lower BMD than atypical AN. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between amenorrhea, weight status, and bone health in Asian adolescents with eating disorders.
PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: In this sample, 13% of Asian adolescents with AN and 2.3% of Asian adolescents with atypical AN have low BMD. In our study population, duration of amenorrhea was not correlated with BMD. Among adolescents with AN, a history of being underweight at the highest pre-morbid BMI, is correlated with low BMD. It is important for physicians to take a thorough weight history in evaluating bone health in this population.
FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of medicine, cosmetology and to production of biologically active substances. In order to isolate glycosaminoglycans from skins, extraction, proteolysis and sedimentation are carried out. For extraction used is 0.9% NaCl solution, for fermentative proteolysis used is papain enzyme, for sedimentation used is 4% alcohol solution of potassium acetate. ^ EFFECT: method application makes it possible to obtain target product with the least expenditures for its production. ^ 1 dwg, 1 ex
Objective: To determine the effect of acute and long-term treatment with sildenafil on the clinical status of patients with moderate HF. Secondary Objectives: To determine the effect of acute and long-term treatment with sildenafil on cardiopulmonary exercise performance, the effect of acute and long-term treatment with sildenafil on neurohormonal activation, the effect of acute and long-term treatment with sildenafil on hemodynamics, and the effect of long-term treatment with sildenafil on quality of life. Background: Secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequent manifestation of heart failure resulting in impaired vascular reactivity and permeability which contributes to the symptoms of HF. Levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, are increased in patients with HF. At the same time, pulmonary artery nitric oxide (NO) production is decreased. NO increases concentrations of the second messenger cyclic-GMP, ultimately leading to vasodilation. This imbalance between NO-dependent vasodilation and ET-1 induced vasoconstriction likely contributes to the development of secondary pulmonary hypertension. cGMP is metabolized by the type 5 isoform of phosphodiesterase (PDE5) an enzyme that is highly expressed in the lung. Sildenafil, a selective PDE5 inhibitor, has been used extensively for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and has recently been approved for use in the treatment of PH. Recent studies of short-term administration of sildenafil in HF patients with secondary PH have demonstrated reductions in pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and systemic vascular resistance while increasing cardiac index and exercise performance. However, it remains to be seen if sildenafil is safe and effective in the long-term treatment of heart failure. Methods: This will be an open-label, pilot study designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sildenafil for the treatment of moderate heart failure. The primary endpoint will be change in 6-minute walk test distance. Secondary endpoints will be changes in peak oxygen consumption (measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing), neurohormones (b-type natriuretic peptide, catecholamines, ET-1), quality of life scores. Additionally, we will attempt to analyze responsiveness to sildenafil on the basis of PDE5 polymorphisms. Study procedures will be performed at the UNM General Clinical Research Center and the UNM Congestive Heart Failure Clinic. Patients will be hospitalized for 3 days to analyze safety and efficacy of sildenafil administered three times daily. Patients will complete exercise testing, neurohormone, and hemodynamic assessments at baseline (day 1) and following 24 hours of sildenafil treatment. The patients will then be discharged to complete a 12-week maintenance phase of treatment. At the conclusion of the maintenance phase the patients will be readmitted for 2 day to have repeat measurements performed. The main analysis will be done using paired t-tests. All statistical analysis will be performed using SAS v6.12.
LAZANDA contains fentanyl, a substance with a high potential for abuse similar to other opioids including hydrocodone, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, and tapentadol. LAZANDA can be abused and is subject to misuse, addiction, and criminal diversion [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6)]. 

All patients treated with opioids require careful monitoring for signs of abuse and addiction, since use of opioid analgesic products carries the risk of addiction even under appropriate medical use.

Prescription drug abuse is the intentional non-therapeutic use of a prescription drug, even once, for its rewarding psychological or physiological effects. 

Drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that develop after repeated substance use and includes: a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling its use, persisting in its use despite harmful consequences, a higher priority given to drug use than to other activities and obligations, increased tolerance, and sometimes a physical withdrawal.

“Drug-seeking” behavior is very common in persons with substance use disorders. Drug-seeking tactics include emergency calls or visits near the end of office hours, refusal to undergo appropriate examination, testing, or referral, repeated “loss” of prescriptions, tampering with prescriptions, and reluctance to provide prior medical records or contact information for other treating health care provider(s). “Doctor shopping” (visiting multiple prescribers to obtain additional prescriptions) is common among drug abusers and people suffering from untreated addiction. Preoccupation with achieving adequate pain relief can be appropriate behavior in a patient with poor pain control.

Abuse and addiction are separate and distinct from physical dependence and tolerance. Health care providers should be aware that addiction may not be accompanied by concurrent tolerance and symptoms of physical dependence in all addicts. In addition, abuse of opioids can occur in the absence of true addiction.

LAZANDA, like other opioids, can be diverted for non-medical use into illicit channels of distribution. Careful record-keeping of prescribing information, including quantity, frequency, and renewal requests, as required by state and federal law, is strongly advised.

Proper assessment of the patient, proper prescribing practices, periodic re-evaluation of therapy, and proper dispensing and storage are appropriate measures that help to limit abuse of opioid drugs.

Risks Specific to the Abuse of LAZANDA

LAZANDA is for intranasal transmucosal use only. Abuse of LAZANDA poses a risk of overdose and death. The risk is increased with concurrent abuse of LAZANDA with alcohol and other central nervous system depressants.
BACKGROUND: Postoperative carotid endarterectomy (CEA) patch infection is a rare but well-recognized complication of CEA. It is important for otolaryngologists to be aware of the presentation and challenges in its diagnosis.
METHODS: Patients who presented with a neck mass or hemorrhage and a known prior history of carotid endarterectomy with synthetic patch reconstruction were worked up with ultrasound, CT, or MRI imaging. In one case, fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed. Ultimately, all patients were taken to the operating room for neck exploration.
RESULTS: Of the three patients presented in this case series, two presented with a chronic neck mass, two-to-three years after carotid endarterectomy. One patient presented acutely with hemorrhage from the carotid endarterectomy site. Carotid patch infection was diagnosed after neck exploration in all cases. Vascular surgery was consulted intra-operatively to perform definitive vascular repair.
CONCLUSIONS: Infected carotid patch should be suspected in patients with a history of prior CEA, as many of the presenting complaints may resemble or mimic pathology managed by otolaryngology. The onset of symptoms can be perioperative or very delayed. A multidisciplinary approach with vascular surgery and infectious disease is required for appropriate management of these patients.
BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity impose a considerable individual and social burden, and the urban environments might encompass factors that contribute to obesity. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research that takes into account the simultaneous interaction of multiple environmental factors.
OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to perform an exposome-wide association study of body mass index (BMI) in a multicohort setting of 15 studies.
METHODS: Studies were affiliated with the Dutch Geoscience and Health Cohort Consortium (GECCO), had different population sizes (688-141,825), and covered the entire Netherlands. Ten studies contained general population samples, others focused on specific populations including people with diabetes or impaired hearing. BMI was calculated from self-reported or measured height and weight. Associations with 69 residential neighborhood environmental factors (air pollution, noise, temperature, neighborhood socioeconomic and demographic factors, food environment, drivability, and walkability) were explored. Random forest (RF) regression addressed potential nonlinear and nonadditive associations. In the absence of formal methods for multimodel inference for RF, a rank aggregation-based meta-analytic strategy was used to summarize the results across the studies.
RESULTS: Six exposures were associated with BMI: five indicating neighborhood economic or social environments (average home values, percentage of high-income residents, average income, livability score, share of single residents) and one indicating the physical activity environment (walkability in 5-km buffer area). Living in high-income neighborhoods and neighborhoods with higher livability scores was associated with lower BMI. Nonlinear associations were observed with neighborhood home values in all studies. Lower neighborhood home values were associated with higher BMI scores but only for values up to €300,000. The directions of associations were less consistent for walkability and share of single residents.
DISCUSSION: Rank aggregation made it possible to flexibly combine the results from various studies, although between-study heterogeneity could not be estimated quantitatively based on RF models. Neighborhood social, economic, and physical environments had the strongest associations with BMI. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13393.
Pre-feeding assessments will be performed from premature infants corrected for gestational age at 34 weeks. If the baby's vital signs are stable, the method of oral feeding and then nasal feeding is used, and feeding 8 to 12 times a day until the baby reaches complete oral feeding. Routine nursing care is identical to the control group.
Chronic inflammation has long been considered the characteristic feature of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Immunopathogenesis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are considered the central drivers of the inflammatory cascade leading to β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR), two major pathologic events contributing to T2DM. Analyzing the cytokine profile of T2DM patients has also introduced interleukin-17 (IL-17) as an upstream regulator of inflammation, regarding its role in inducing the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In diabetic tissues, IL-17 induces the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Hence, IL-17 can deteriorate insulin signaling and β-cell function by activating the JNK pathway and inducing infiltration of neutrophils into pancreatic islets, respectively. Additionally, higher levels of IL-17 expression in patients with diabetic complications compared to non-complicated individuals have also proposed a role for IL-17 in T2DM complications. Here, we highlight the role of IL-17 in the Immunopathogenesis of T2DM and corresponding pathways, recent advances in preclinical and clinical studies targeting IL-17 in T2DM, and corresponding challenges and possible solutions.
PURPOSE:To obtain a dental magnetic alloy with a low m.p. and superior castability by adding Pd and Si to Co and Ni in a specified ratio. CONSTITUTION:This dental magnetic alloy consists of, by wt., 20-35% Co, 20- 40% Ni, 25-60% Pd and <=0.5% Si or further contains 5-20% Au as required. Co alloyed with Pd provides high corrosion resistance and adjusts the solidus point to <=1,350 deg.C. Ni has the effect of enhancing the corrosion resistance and hardness and improving the suitability to porcelain baking. Si has the effect of improving the castability and reducing blow holes. The addition of Au lowers the solidus point, improves the casting surface, and raises the casting accuracy. By this composition the casting timing is easily judged.
The researcher brought the patient to the supine position with the bed-head at 0 degree, and immediately (minute 0) made haemodynamic measurements: central venous pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and peripheral oxygen saturation. It was taken into account that this could change haemodynamic parameters, and immediately after a 10-minute period of rest, the same haemodynamic measurements were repeated. After this, the bed-head was adjusted to an angle of 20 degree, and the same procedure was repeated, with measurements after 0 and 10 minutes. The same procedure was followed with the bed-head raised to 30 degree and then to 45 degree. In positioning the patients' bed-heads to different angles, a spirit level and a protractor were used.
The gut microbiota communicates bidirectionally with the brain via the microbiota-gut-brain axis to influence various aspects of human physiology, including host metabolism, immune function, behaviour, and cognition. Diet is a key modulator of the microbial composition, suggesting that the microbiota could explain the association between poor nutrition and decreasing health of the population. Dietary fibre is the main energy source for the gut microbiota and fundamentally impacts its composition and function. The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been proposed to mediate some of the effects of dietary fibre on the brain, for example through microbial metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)), regulation of the immune system, and the microbial impact on gut hormones and neurotransmitters. Similarly, intake of fermented foods is positively associated with cognitive health and has been shown to alter the microbiota composition and function and exert an anti-inflammatory effect. However, no studies to date have examined the singular and combined effects of fermented and fibrous foods on the gut microbiota, cognition, and emotion. The present study aims to determine the role of diet on the microbiota-gut-brain axis and mental health.

Using a randomized-controlled, parallel, single-blinded design, participants consuming a habitually low fibre diet (N=200) will undergo an 8-week dietary intervention. Participants will receive one of four diets (n=50 in each group): high fibre (aim 24-35 grams/day), fermented foods (aim 4-6 portions/day), combined diet of fermented foods and high fibre (aim 25-30g/day of fibre and 3-4 servings/day of fermented foods) or control (dietary education according to national Irish guidelines). Cognitive, psychological, and biological measures will be compared at baseline and endpoint. During the intervention period, individuals will provide repeated faecal samples to assess temporal microbial changes.
PURPOSE: A spherical extruded granule and a formulation containing the same for oral administration are provided to reduce tabletizing trouble and to enhance ratio of active ingredients. CONSTITUTION: A spherical extruded granule contains active ingredients with less than 70°C of melting point and spherical excipient. The active ingredient includes orlistat or thioctic acid. The excipient includes microcrystalline cellulose, kappa-carageenan, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, sodium carmellose, calcium carmellose, low-substitution hydroxypropyl cellulose or mixture thereof. The granule additionally contains a binder. A tablet for oral administration contains the granules. The tablet additionally contains tabletizing improving agent and pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The tabletizing improving agent includes microcrystalline cellulose, ludipress, lactose, mannitol, pregelatinized starch, or mixture thereof.
The invention discloses a Chinese herba preparation for treating chronic ulcerative colitis. The chronic ulcerative colitis has main lesions of spleen and stomach and large intestines and small intestines, and is in close relation with the liver and kidney. Spleen deficiency and dampness are important factors causing the chronic ulcerative colitis, external causes are in maximum relation with the damp evil, and internal causes are in especial important relation with the spleen deficiency. According to the Chinese herba preparation, Chinese medicinal herbs of adina pilulifera root, galium aparine, creeping oxalis, root of longflower stringbush, woolly lespedeza root, cowpea, stellaria yunnanensis, flower of white pomegranate, pubescent holly root, and indian pseudostreblus bark which have the functions of clearing heat and expelling damp, tonifying the spleen and warming the kidney, tonifying qi and stopping bleeding, and promoting blood circulation to remove meridian obstruction, and are decocted with water to obtain a decoction. Through clinical tests, the total effective rate is 96 percent. Patients have no remarkable untoward effects in a treatment course.
PURPOSE: A cosmetic composition containing cathodic electrolyzed water and a method for applying the composition on the skin are provided to prevent or suppress DNA damage due to paraben. CONSTITUTION: A cosmetic composition contains cathodic electrolyzed water. The oxidation-reduction potential of the water is -1000mV to -200mV. The composition further contains paraben such as methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, benzyl paraben, n-butyl paraben, or isobutyl paraben. The composition is used for preventing and suppressing DNA damage in skin cells. A method for applying the composition onto the skin comprises a step of applying cathodic electrolyzed water and then applying paraben onto the skin.