anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We evaluate evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic headache (PTH), a secondary headache disorder resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI), comprising nearly 4% of all symptomatic headache disorders. Utilizing recent publications, we aim to inform clinicians of current treatment methods.
RECENT FINDINGS: There is limited research on PTH treatment. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) of metoclopramide with diphenhydramine for acute PTH found that the treatment group (N = 81) experienced more significant pain improvement than placebo by 1.4 points. For persistent PTH, an open-label study of erenumab (N = 89) found that 28% of participants reported ≥ 50% reduction in moderate-to-severe headache days, but an RCT of fremanezumab showed a non-significant reduction in moderate-to-severe headache days. A randomized crossover study of 40 patients with persistent PTH found that onabotulinum toxin-A decreased cumulative number of headaches/week by 43.3% in the treatment group and increased by 35.1% among placebos. In a study of military veterans with severe posttraumatic stress disorder and persistent/delayed onset PTH (N = 193), patients who received Cognitive Behavioral Therapy reported significant improvements in headache-related disability compared to usual care (aggregate mean HIT-6, -3.4). A transcranial magnetic stimulation (N = 24) study found that 58% of participants with mild TBI-related headache experienced a 50% reduction in headache frequency. New studies indicate promise in improving clinically important outcomes of PTH. However, more research is necessary to determine the optimal treatment and whether combining pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment versus a single modality is more effective.
Background: The inability to evaluate host immunity in a rapid quantitative manner in patients with sepsis has severely hampered development of novel immune therapies. The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay is a functional bioassay that measures the number of cytokine-secreting cells and the relative amount of cytokine produced at the single-cell level. A key advantage of ELISpot is its excellent dynamic range enabling a more precise quantifiable assessment of host immunity. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that the ELISpot assay can detect dynamic changes in both innate and adaptive immunity as they often occur during sepsis. We also tested whether ELISpot could detect the effect of immune drug therapies to modulate innate and adaptive immunity. Methods: Mice were made septic using sublethal cecal ligation and puncture. Blood and spleens were harvested serially, and ex vivo interferon γ and TNF-α production were compared by ELISpot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The capability of ELISpot to detect changes in innate and adaptive immunity due to in vivo immune therapy with dexamethasone, IL-7, and arginine was also evaluated. Results: ELISpot confirmed a decreased innate and adaptive immunity responsiveness during sepsis progression. More importantly, ELISpot was also able to detect changes in adaptive and innate immunity in response to immune-modulatory reagents, for example, dexamethasone, arginine, and IL-7, in a readily quantifiable manner, as predicted by the reagents known mechanisms of action. ELISpot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results tended to parallel one another although some differences were noted. Conclusion: ELISpot offers a unique capability to assess the functional status of both adaptive and innate immunity over time. The results presented herein demonstrate that ELISpot can also be used to detect and follow the in vivo effects of drugs to ameliorate sepsis-induced immune dysfunction. This capability would be a major advance in guiding new immune therapies in sepsis.
FIELD: medicine; pharmaceuticals.SUBSTANCE: described is a pharmaceutical composition for use in treating atopic dermatitis. Pharmaceutical composition contains digomogamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) or alkyl ether DGLA, eicosatetraenoic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and eicosandienoic acid encapsulated in a capsular shell. DGLA or DGLA alkyl ester is at least 95 % by weight of the total amount of fatty acids in the pharmaceutical composition. Said pharmaceutical composition is delivered orally. Encapsulated shell is encapsulated from 200 mg to 1 g of DGLA or alkyl ether of DGLA. Pharmaceutical composition is administered in amount of 1 to 8 capsules a day. Capsule shell contains gelatine and glycerin. Atopic dermatitis is a severe atopic dermatitis.EFFECT: oral administration of the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention provides treating atopic dermatitis.11 cl, 23 dwg, 24 tbl, 4 ex
Subjects to participate in 16-week3 supervised aerobic exercise 3 times per week. Exercise sessions to last between 30 and 60 minutes.
This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the gut microbiota in diarrheal mink. We conducted Shotgun metagenomic sequencing on samples from five groups of diarrheal mink and five groups of healthy mink. The microbiota α-diversity and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) orthology did not show significant differences between the groups. However, significant differences were observed in microbiota β-diversity and the function of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) between diarrheal and healthy mink. Specifically, The relative abundance of Firmicutes was lower, whereas that of Bacteroidetes was higher in diarrheal mink. Fusobacteria were enriched as invasive bacteria in the gut of diarrheal mink compared with healthy mink. In addition, Escherichia albertii was identified as a new bacterium in diarrheal mink. Regarding functions, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and glycoside hydrolases 2 (GH2) family were the enhanced KEGG orthology and CAZymes in diarrheal mink. Furthermore, the diversity and number of antibiotic-resistant genes were significantly higher in the diarrheal mink group than in the healthy group. These findings enhance our understanding of the gut microbiota of adult mink and may lead to new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of mink diarrhea.
The present invention relates to the identification of the active domain of Herpoxin, a DNA virus-inhibiting-protein which was isolated from cobra venom in U.S. Pat. No. 5,648,339 and has a molecular weight of 13.5 kDa We have isolated a fragment of Herpoxin which contains the active domain and which we have named Herp. Herp mimics the activity of Herpoxin in inhibiting the replication of DNA viruses. A synthetic version of the active fragment was produced having the amino acid sequence Asn-Leu-Tyr-Gln-Phe-Lys-Asn-Met-Ile-Gln. The synthetic version of Herp consisting of ten amino acids inhibits the replication of DNA viruses such as herpes viruses types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus as well as  Tubercle bacilli.
BACKGROUND Muscle hernias are an uncommon condition typically found in the extremities; masseter muscle hernia is even rarer. However, it is important for clinicians and radiologists to be aware of this possibility. Intramuscular venous malformation (IMVM) is also uncommon and mostly found in the head, neck, and extremities. The simultaneous presence of both conditions is extraordinary uncommon, and, to our knowledge, this has not been reported before in the masseter muscle. Due to their rarity, vague presentation, and inaccurate clinical diagnosis, radiological evaluation is needed to avoid inappropriate surgical planning. CASE REPORT A 12-year-old boy had a long-standing focal left cheek swelling exacerbated by teeth clenching. Lateral X-ray revealed a round calcification over the left mandibular region. Ultrasonography indicated a bulky left masseter muscle with focal heterogeneous structure and 2 rounded calcified foci. During teeth clenching, ultrasonography detected focal muscular herniation through the left masseter muscle facia that reduced with rest. The patient was diagnosed with left masseteric muscle hernia coexistent with IMVM. Surgical excision of the IMVM was performed, and the hernia defect was repaired. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis, and the patient was discharged without postoperative complications on short-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Despite their rarity, masseter hernias and IMVMs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any masseter lesion, especially in children. We reported a very rare coexistence of both pathologies. Comprehensive diagnosis can be achieved through a combination of clinical examination, X-ray, and ultrasound assessments.
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Given the heterogeneity and possible disease progression in schizophrenia, identifying the neurobiological subtypes and progression patterns in each patient may lead to novel biomarkers. Here, we adopted data-driven machine-learning techniques to identify the progression patterns of brain morphological changes in schizophrenia and investigate the association with treatment resistance.
STUDY DESIGN: In this cross-sectional multicenter study, we included 177 patients with schizophrenia, characterized by treatment response or resistance, with 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes calculated by FreeSurfer were converted into z scores using 73 healthy controls data. The Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm was used for unsupervised machine-learning analysis.
STUDY RESULTS: SuStaIn identified 3 different subtypes: (1) subcortical volume reduction (SC) type (73 patients), in which volume reduction of subcortical structures occurs first and moderate cortical thinning follows, (2) globus pallidus hypertrophy and cortical thinning (GP-CX) type (42 patients), in which globus pallidus hypertrophy initially occurs followed by progressive cortical thinning, and (3) cortical thinning (pure CX) type (39 patients), in which thinning of the insular and lateral temporal lobe cortices primarily happens. The remaining 23 patients were assigned to baseline stage of progression (no change). SuStaIn also found 84 stages of progression, and treatment-resistant schizophrenia showed significantly more progressed stages than treatment-responsive cases (P = .001). The GP-CX type presented earlier stages than the pure CX type (P = .009).
CONCLUSIONS: The brain morphological progressions in schizophrenia can be classified into 3 subtypes, and treatment resistance was associated with more progressed stages, which may suggest a novel biomarker.
Introduced here are health management platforms able to infer the health state of a subject based on behavioral changes reflected in the digital activities performed by a subject. A health management platform can initially acquire contextual data pertaining to digital activities performed by the subject. The health management platform can identify the target(s) of the digital activities by parsing the contextual data, and then compile the digital activities and corresponding activities into a personalized valence index. Thereafter, the health management platform can compare digital activities performed by the subject to the entries included in the personalized valence index. If a matching entry is not discovered, the health management platform can identify an instance of behavior change. These instances of behavior change may be indicative of changes in the subject's health state.
Background: Oral iron supplementation (OIS) is a widely-used strategy to treat iron deficiency anemia. However, absorption of OIS is often low and response is variable. To overcome this, large doses are given but this may reduce compliance due to gastric irritation. Thus, OIS doses should be low, while maximizing absorption. The prevailing serum hepcidin concentration (SHep) is the major determinant of iron absorption and erythrocyte iron utilization. Based on limited data in humans, SHep can be increased by a single OIS dose but the duration of the increase is uncertain: it may be in the range of 24 to 96 hr. Also, there are few data on how the increase in SHep determines the absorption of further doses of oral iron. Is there a threshold SHep at which subsequent iron absorption is sharply reduced? Better understanding of this relationship would be valuable to design more effective and safer OIS regimens.

Objectives: 1) Determine the duration and magnitude of the Fe induced Hepcidin rise form a single iron dose while determining its bioavailability and 2) Compare the bioavailability of a single dose to iron supplements consumed one after the other (two dosages). Methods/Subjects: Healthy female subjects will be screened for low iron status. Anemic subjects will be excluded from the study. Thirty two subjects will be included with serum ferritin \<20 µg/L, C-reactive protein \<5 mg/L and Hemoglobin \>117 g/L. Subjects will be randomized in two groups and their Hepcidin (sHep) and iron status markers monitored at day 1 (baseline). Subjects will receive iron supplement dosages of 40, 80, 160 and 240 mg in either single or as two consecutive dosages with stable iron isotopes 54Fe, 57Fe, 58Fe in form of 4 mg of iron sulfate (FeSO4). Prior administration blood samples will be collected at 8:00, 12:00 and 16:00 to monitor sHep and iron status markers, these measurements will be repeated on the days of supplement administration. On the following days, sHep will be measured at 8:00 to quantify the duration of the iron induced hepcidin rise. In the second week, subjects receiving a single Fe dose on week 1 will receive two consecutive dosages and vice versa, while the same sampling scheme as in week one will be applied. On day 23, a last blood sample will be collected and iron incorporation of stable isotopic labels will be measured from the different dosages administered.

Outcome: The combined use of stable iron isotopes and a sensitive SHep assay will allow for better understanding of the iron-hepcidin relationship and this may enable design of more effective OIS regimens.
Staphylococcal enterotoxins obtained by secretion from Staphylococcus aureus, by expression of enterotoxins in other bacteria or cells, or by chemical mutagenic treatment of S. aureus strains are used in treatment of cancer as tumorcidal agents.  Enterotoxins (A, B, C, D, E and F) can be administered via simple intravenous injection at dosages between 0.5 µg/kg body weight to 150 µg/kg. Non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory agents and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors such as ibuprofen may be simultaneously administered to attenuate toxic reactions from the enterotoxins. Streptococcus pyrogenic exotoxin and alpha hemolysin, which nave structural and functional homology to the enterotoxins, are also useful in tumoricidal treatment. The enterotoxin gene transfected into tumor cells resulting in a tumor cell with surface expression of the minor lymphocyte stimulating locus with consequent patent activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes especially those with V.beta. specificity, would also be useful in this application.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To use Bacillus subtilis sp. DB9011 strain as a kind of Bacillus microorganisms, more specifically, to provide the use of the strain for activating immunity against various diseases through its direct intake, and to provide supplements containing the strain to be used.  <P>SOLUTION: The use of the live or killed bacteria of Bacillus subtilis sp. DB9011 strain in the form of microbial cells or spores is provided and enabled its direct intake. Particularly, the use is preferably in the form of supply as supplements containing the strain, thereby symptoms in various diseases can be ameliorated or declined immunity can be activated.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance coexist with many metabolic disorders, whether these disorders were promotors or pathway-factors for the association of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remained unclear. We aimed to investigate the pathways related to elevated the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and pathways through elevated TyG index to the occurrence of CVD in Chinese adults.
METHODS: A total of 96,506 participants were enrolled from the Kailuan study. Bayesian network model with the max-min hill climbing algorithm and maximum likelihood estimation was applied to identify factors and pathways related to the TyG index, and quantitatively infer the impact of associated factors on elevated TyG index and the occurrence of CVD by computing conditional probabilities.
RESULTS: A final Bayesian network was constructed with 14 nodes and 25 arcs, creating 28 pathways related to elevated TyG index and 8 pathways from elevated TyG index to CVD. Elevated TyG index was causally associated with CVD, the condition probability was 11.9%. Pathways to elevated TyG index were mainly through unhealthy lifestyles and the subsequent increase in lipid profiles, especially smoking and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The most important pathway from elevated TyG index to CVD was through overweight/obesity, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease, with a condition probability of 18.5%. The maximum relative change rate related to elevated TyG index was observed for overweight/obesity (64.3%).
CONCLUSIONS: Elevated TyG index was causally associated with the risk of CVD, a combined control of lifestyles and metabolic factors may contribute to the reduction of TyG index and the prevention of CVD.
FIELD: medicine, dermatology, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: gel contains sulfur as an active substance and hydro- philic base that represents gel of rare-cross-linked acrylic polymer with content of sulfur 5.0-33.0 weight%. Composite can contain additionally glycerol or polyethyleneoxide-400 and also laevomycetin as a preserving agent or mixture of nipagin and nipasol in the ratio 3: 1. Scabies is treated by application of gel once on each skin site for 4-5 days without replacing underwear and bed linen and the gel is washed off with warm water and wear is changed. EFFECT: improved treatment method. 6 cl, 1 tbl, 2 ex
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) activity inhibitor having ACAT inhibiting action, low side effect and high safety and useful for the treatment and prevention of diseases caused by the disorder of cholesterol homeostasis in the body. SOLUTION: This agent contains a terpenoid compound expressed by the formula (R1 is a 6-12C branched, straight or cyclic alkenyl which may have OH; R2 is a 6-12C acyl which may be substituted with OH or a short-chain alkoxy). The compound of formula is e.g. 1-(7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octane-2,5- trans-dien-1-yl)-3-O-(6-deoxy-αL-mannopyranosyl-B-D-glucosylanoside-4-(3-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-2trans-propenate. It can be used in the preparation of a composition such as food, pharmaceuticals or cosmetics. The agent is administered as a pharmaceutical drug at a rate of 5-500mg in terms of the compound of the formula in one to several doses by oral administration or 1-100mg by injection.
Resistance training (RT) can increase the heat shock response (HSR) in the elderly. As middle-aged subjects already suffer physiological declines related to aging, it is hypothesized that RT may increase the HSR in these people. To assess the effects of resistance training on heat shock response, intra and extracellular HSP70, oxidative stress, inflammation, body composition, and metabolism in middle-aged subjects. Sixteen volunteers (40 - 59 years) were allocated to two groups: the trained group (n = 7), which performed 12 weeks of RT; and the physically inactive-control group (n = 9), which did not perform any type of exercise. The RT program consisted of 9 whole-body exercises (using standard gym equipment) and functional exercises, carried out 3 times/week. Before and after the intervention, body composition, muscle mass, strength, functional capacity, and blood sample measurements (lipid profile, glucose, insulin, oxidative damage, TNF-α, the HSR, HSP70 expression in leukocytes, and HSP72 in plasma) were performed. The HSR analysis demonstrated that this response is maintained at normal levels in middle-aged people and that RT did not cause any improvement. Also, RT increases muscle mass, strength, and functional capacity. Despite no additional changes of RT on the antioxidant defenses (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and reductase) or inflammation, lipid peroxidation was diminished by RT (group x time interaction, p = 0.009), indicating that other antioxidant defenses may be improved after RT. HSR is preserved in middle-aged subjects without metabolic complications. In addition, RT reduces lipid peroxidation and can retard muscle mass and strength loss related to the aging process.
Subclinical leaflet thrombosis (SLT) can be one of the causes of transcatheter heart valve (THV) failure after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We sought to clarify the formation process of SLT and thrombogenicity during the perioperative period of TAVI. This multicenter, prospective, single-arm interventional study enrolled 26 patients treated with edoxaban for atrial fibrillation and who underwent TAVI for severe aortic stenosis between September 2018 and September 2022. We investigated changes in maximal leaflet thickness detected by contrast-enhanced computed tomography between 1 week and 3 months after TAVI in 18 patients and measured the thrombogenicity by Total Thrombus-formation Analysis System (T-TAS) and flow stagnation volume by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) (n = 11). SLT was observed in 16.7% (3/18) at 1 week, but decreased to 5.9% (1/17) at 3 months after TAVI. Patients with SLT at 1 week had a significantly decreased maximal leaflet thickness compared to those without SLT. Thrombogenicity assessed by T-TAS decreased markedly at 1 week and tended to increase at 3 months. The stagnation volume assessed by CFD was positively associated with a higher maximum leaflet thickness. This study showed the course of leaflet thrombus formation and visualization of stagnation in neo-sinus of THV in the acute phase after TAVI.
When a support request comment is transmitted from an in-hospital terminal (13) of a primary care physician, a distribution server (27) transmits a support request including initial data to each support terminal (TS1, TS2) which a support medical staff uses. A time limit is set on the initial data. After the transmission of the support request, remarks of participants in a medical support consultation and examination images are distributed only to the participants' support terminals. The time limit for the initial data transmitted to the each participant's support terminal is extended. The time limit for the initial data transmitted to the support terminal of a nonparticipant is not extended. Access to the initial data on the support terminal is disabled when the time limit is reached.
Adults and Pediatric Patients 10 Years of Age and Older

The recommended dose for QUDEXY XR monotherapy in adults and pediatric patients 10 years of age and older is 400 mg orally once daily. Titrate QUDEXY XR according to the following schedule (see Table 1). 

Pediatric Patients 2 to 9 Years of Age

Dosing in patients 2 to 9 years of age is based on weight. During the titration period, the initial dose of QUDEXY XR is 25 mg/day nightly for the first week. Based upon tolerability, the dosage can be increased to 50 mg/day in the second week. Dosage can be increased by 25 mg to 50 mg once daily each subsequent week, as tolerated. Titration to the minimum maintenance dose should be attempted over 5 to 7 weeks. Based upon tolerability and clinical response, additional titration to a higher dose (up to the maximum maintenance dose) can be attempted at 25 mg to 50 mg once daily weekly increments. The total daily dose should not exceed the maximum maintenance dose for each range of body weight (see Table 2).
Participants will attend 2 instructional exercise sessions as well as 2 education sessions. Participants will be asked to complete exercises at home 3 times per week and engage in behavior to minimize fall risk.