anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The main portion of dissolvable granule preparation is dried powdery dunaliella or the content of dunaliella. The preparative steps are as follows: cultivating and collecting the frond of dunaliella, crushing, extracting, sterilizing, adding the sterilized matter into ccarrier, drying and making into dissolvable granule preparation. Said preparation is a kind of pure green natural medicine. It possesses obvious curative effect for gastriculcer, dudenal ulcer, gastritis and enteritis etc. diseases of digestive tract. There is no toxic side effect. Meanwhile it possesses the action of enhancing immunocompentence of humanbody, antifatque and anticancer.
Forensic autopsy is an important tool for the proper management of non-natural deaths in minors. However, it seems that autopsy in minors is a practice which may not be performed routinely. In this framework, we conducted a study analyzing autopsies of minors (under 18 years of age in Italy) performed at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Milan in the period 2001-2019. For the period 2015-2019, we extrapolated all deaths due to non-natural causes in minors to investigate how many and which of these deaths were not subjected to forensic autopsy. Of the total, 344 minors (235 males and 109 females) underwent autopsies, with an overall downward trend of about 80% since 2004. Most autopsies occurred between the ages of 0 and 1 year, and the fewest between the ages of 5 and 9 years. The place of death was home in most cases, and accidental death was most common, followed by natural death, suicide, and homicide, with prevalence varying by age group. Blunt force trauma predominated among accidental death in all age groups, followed by asphyxia. Similar findings were observed for suicides, although there was a more differentiated pattern for suicides between the ages of 15 and 17 years. Among homicides, blunt force trauma, asphyxia, and gunshot wounds were fairly evenly distributed across all age groups. Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 86 minors died of a non-natural cause, and a forensic autopsy was performed in only 33 cases (38%). Our data shows that fewer and fewer autopsies are being performed over the last years, which indicates a dangerous lack of forensic investigation of children and adolescent deaths, with enormous implications for prevention of child abuse.
Pediatric PAH is a rare and progressive disorder associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Given the significant medical need to develop treatments in children with PAH, further clinical studies in the pediatric population are therefore needed to provide more data for the management of PAH in children. Selexipag (JNJ-67896049) is an orally available, selective, and long-acting non-prostanoid agonist of the prostacyclin receptor approved and commercially available for the treatment of adult participants with PAH. Selexipag and its metabolite possess anti-fibrotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-thrombotic properties. Currently, no medicines targeting prostacyclin pathway are approved for pediatric use in PAH. An effective and orally available therapy acting on the prostacyclin receptor such as selexipag introduced at medically appropriate stage of PAH disease, and primarily in combination with current first-line oral PAH-specific medicines in participants in need of additional therapy because of insufficient disease control would represents a major advance to the therapeutic management of PAH pediatric participants. This study consists of a screening period of up to 6 weeks and a double-blind treatment period, including up-titration and maintenance periods, followed by a 3-year open-label extension period (OLEP) and a 30-day safety follow-up period that occurs after the last dose of study intervention (either double-blind or open-label). Safety, pharmacokinetic and efficacy assessments will be performed during the study. An Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC) will be established to monitor data on an ongoing basis, to review interim data, and to ensure the continuing safety of the participants enrolled in this study. The approximate duration of the study is 8 years.
Patients with both significant Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction history suggestive of constipation were treated with lactitol monohydrate syrup 10 g for eight weeks. Following eight weeks of treatment, patients were re-evaluated and those without symptom improvement place into lower urinary tract dysfunction not related to fecal impaction (LUTD-FI). They serve as a control group.
LncRNAs have gained increasing attention owing to their important regulatory roles on growth and stress responses of plants. However, the mechanisms underlying the functions of lncRNAs in fruit-pathogen interaction are still largely unknown. In this study, a total of 273 lncRNAs responding to Botrytis cinerea infection were identified in tomato fruit, among which a higher percentage of antisense lncRNAs were targeted to the genes enriched in hydrolase activity. To ascertain the roles of these lncRNAs, seven hydrolase-related transcripts were transiently knocked-down by virus-induced gene silencing. Silencing of lncRNACXE20 reduced the expression level of a carboxylesterase gene, further enhancing the resistance of tomato to B. cinerea. In contrast, silencing of lncRNACHI, lncRNAMMP, lncRNASBT1.9 and lncRNAPME1.9 impaired the resistance to B. cinerea, respectively. Further RT-qPCR assay and enzymatic activity detection displayed that the attenuated resistance of lncRNAMMP and lncRNASBT1.9-silenced plants was associated with the inhibition on the expression of JA-related genes, while the decreased resistance of lncRNACHI-silenced plants resulted in reduced chitinase activity. Collectively, these results may provide references for deciphering the mechanisms underlying specific lncRNAs to interfere with B. cinerea infection by regulating the expression of defence-related genes or affecting hydrolase activity.
Pediatric Patients 4 Years of Age and Older

The safety and efficacy of XOPENEX HFA have been established in pediatric patients 4 years of age and older in an adequate and well-controlled clinical trial [see Adverse Reactions (6) and Clinical Studies (14)]

Pediatric Patients less than 4 Years of Age

XOPENEX HFA is not indicated for pediatric patients less than 4 years of age. A clinical trial in pediatric patients below the age of 4 years showed no statistical significant difference between treatment groups in the primary efficacy endpoint. There was an increased incidence of asthma-related adverse reactions reported in pediatric patients below the age of 4 years treated with XOPENEX HFA compared to placebo

XOPENEX HFA was evaluated in one 4-week, multicenter, randomized, modified-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial of 196 pediatric patients ages birth to <4 years of age with asthma or reactive airway disease (68 patients birth to <2 years of age and 128 patients 2 to <4 years of age). XOPENEX HFA 45 mcg (N=23), XOPENEX HFA 90 mcg (N=42), levalbuterol inhalation solution 0.31 mg (N=63), and placebo HFA (N=68) were administered three times daily. XOPENEX HFA or placebo HFA was delivered with the Monaghan AeroChamber MAX™ Valved Holding Chamber with mask. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean change in Pediatric Asthma Caregiver Assessment (PACA) total score from baseline over the 4 week treatment period. There was no statistical difference in the change in PACA total score between XOPENEX HFA and placebo. Regarding safety, an increased number of treatment-emergent asthma-related adverse reactions were reported in XOPENEX HFA-treated patients. Eight subjects reported asthma-related adverse reactions for XOPENEX HFA compared to 3 subjects for placebo. There was one subject that discontinued treatment due to asthma in the XOPENEX HFA group compared to zero subjects in the placebo group (Table 3). Other adverse reactions were consistent with those observed in the clinical trial population of patients 4 years of age and older [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]
INTRODUCTION: With an increasing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) diagnosis, questions emerge about the optimal duration of follow-up for detecting recurrent disease and its outcomes. The objective of this retrospective research was to assess the clinical course of differentiated thyroid cancer after radioiodine adjuvant treatment in patients monitored over an extended period. Special attention was paid to the analysis of the time from treatment to recurrence. We also assessed patient outcomes after recurrence.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 650 patients with DTC after total/near-total thyroidectomy and adjuvant radioiodine post-recombinant human thyrotropin (post-rhTSH) stimulation were evaluated. All patients were followed up with neck ultrasound, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (Tg), and antithyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg) measurements at intervals of 6 to 18 months. Only structural recurrences were considered. They were defined as locoregional recurrence confirmed by biopsy or distant metastases [confirmed by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or abnormal foci on radioiodine scintigraphy or 18F-gluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography [18 F] FDG-PET scan], regardless of thyroglobulin (Tg) or anti-Tg levels.
RESULTS: The median follow-up was 12 years (5-15.5). Structural recurrence was observed in 47 out of 650 patients (7%). All but 3 locoregional recurrences were suitable for surgery. The median time to structural recurrence was 16 months, with only 9 (1.4%) patients presenting with recurrence after more than 60 months. At the time of the database closure, 601 patients (92%) had an excellent response, including 20 out of 47 (42%) patients with structural recurrence. Eighty-one out of 650 patients had died (12.5%) before the database closure. The median age at the last follow-up of the patients who died was 72 years (range 20-88). A second recurrence was diagnosed in 10 out of 650 patients (1.5%), corresponding to 21% (10 out of 47) of patients who had already experienced a recurrence. The median time from radioiodine (RAI) therapy to the second structural recurrence was 108 months.
CONCLUSIONS: Structural recurrences in DTC are uncommon, with most patients showing a favourable response to treatment. Improved understanding of recurrence timing may define the duration of patient surveillance at reference centres that can be safely discontinued after 5 years in low- and intermediate-risk groups, as indicated in our study.
Aging is associated with chronic oxidative stress, which contributes to the deterioration of the immune system, increasing morbidity and mortality. A positive social environment permits health maintenance and a slower rate of aging. Improvements in immune function and oxidative stress were shown in peritoneal leukocytes and organs of old mice and adult prematurely aging mice (PAM) after cohabitation with adults or exceptional non-prematurely aging mice (ENPAM), respectively, for 2 months, but adults and ENPAM experienced deterioration. This was solved by shortening the cohabitation time to 15 minutes per day for 2 months, where old mice and PAM maintained immune and redox state improvements in their peritoneal leukocytes, as well as a greater longevity, and adults and ENPAM did not show deterioration. However, it is unknown whether the positive effects of this short cohabitation are reflected in the immunity and redox state of the organs. The aim of the present study was to test whether a cohabitation of 15 minutes per day for 2 months maintains these positive effects in the organs of retired breeder female old mice and PAM and avoids the negative ones in adults and ENPAM. After cohabitation the animals were sacrificed, and the thymus and spleen were extracted to evaluate the immune function. The oxidative state was also analyzed in the spleen, liver, heart, lung, and kidney. The results show that after cohabitation, old mice and PAM improved their immunity and redox state, and adults and ENPAM showed no deterioration. This cohabitation can be suggested to improve health and slow down aging.
The present invention relates to a method for refining palmatine from fibraurea stem total alkaloid. The present invention uses the method of using the solvent pH separation or the column chromatography separation of fibraurea stem total alkaloid of which the palmatine content is not higher than 96%, wherein the fibraurea stem total alkaloid is prepared by the prior art. The dissolving performance difference of different alkaloids is used, and the alkaloids are separated by using the principle of pH difference or solvent polarity difference. The refining operation is carried out by the assistance of relevant technology. The palmatine yield rates respectively are 40% to 60% and 20% to 40%. The palmatine content is about 99.05 or is higher than 99.0% by a high-efficiency liquid-phase measuring method which is HPLC measurement. The present invention solves the defect that the palmatine content can not be increased to be higher than 96.0% in the prior art even by repeated preparation, increases purity, and improves medical safety. The present invention can be made into a plurality of kinds of formulations, and has the advantages of simple method, practicality and good effect.
PURPOSE:To control discharge time and amount to be discharged or the like of core substance incorporated in a capsule by dispersing hydrophobic core substance incorporated with liquid substance having solubility for both an aqueous medium and the hydrophobic core substance in the aqueous medium. CONSTITUTION:Liquid substance having solubility for both an aqueous medium and hydrophobic core substance is incorporated beforehand in the hydrophobic core substance. After dispersing this hydrophobic core substance in an aqueous medium, a microcapsule is produced by forming a wall film on this core substance. As liquid substance dissolving in both the above-mentioned aqueous medium and the hydrophobic core substance, polyhydroxy alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and water soluble epoxy compd. or the like are used and amount to be added is preferably regulated to about 0.1-20pts.wt. for 100pts.wt. of hydrophobic substance.
In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a topical dermatologic acne treatment method using a cream. The treatment method uses two steps, first providing a bactericidal component and second providing a skin revitalizing complex. The bactericidal component clears the acne causing bacteria. The subsequent skin revitalizing complex revitalizes and conditions the skin and aids in return of natural skin flora and microbiome to prevent subsequent outbreaks. The skin revitalizing complex can include a variety of components such as: niacinamide, retinol, bakuchiol, green coffee bean extract, green tea extract, epilobium fleischeri extract, citric acid, dimethicone, and pentaerythrityl tetracaprylate. The skin revitalizing complex restores natural elasticity and oil production of the skin, decrease sebum production, and provide necessary conditioning of the skin to provide for the natural skin flora and microbiome to repopulate and flourish on a surface of the skin.
PURPOSE: We established a novel surgical procedure for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which involves resection of the affected lobe and regional lymph nodes without separation, namely en bloc surgery. We introduced the technical details and early and late outcomes by comparing them with those of conventional surgery.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent lobectomy with hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection for stages I-III NSCLC. A propensity score-matched analysis was performed based on demographic variables.
RESULTS: Propensity score-matching yielded 317 pairs. En bloc surgery was not associated with a longer operation time, a higher amount of intraoperative bleeding, or a higher frequency of postoperative complications. The number of resected lymph nodes (P = 0.277) and frequency of N upstaging (P = 0.587) did not differ between the groups. However, en bloc surgery was associated with higher overall survival in comparison to conventional surgery (P = 0.012). According to a stratification analysis, the survival advantage of en bloc surgery over conventional surgery was remarkable in pathological N-positive disease (P = 0.005), whereas it disappeared in pathological N-negative disease (P = 0.147).
CONCLUSION: En bloc surgery is feasible and can be performed in patients with possible N-positive NSCLC.
GERD is a prevalent condition worldwide, estimated to be around 20-30 % in North America. Obesity is rapidly increasing with an estimated prevalence of 66% in the adult population in the United States. GERD symptoms are common in the obese population with data showing weekly GERD symptoms in 34.6% and erosive esophagitis 26.9% in people with BMI \> 30 Kg/m\^2. Reflux is associated with complications such as esophagitis, Barrett's Esophagus and ultimately esophageal adenocarcinoma. Presently, bariatric interventions are the only sustainable method to address morbid obesity and its resulting comorbidities. There are endoscopic and surgical bariatric interventions. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be an effective and efficient means of achieving significant weight loss in obese individuals. One of the most common restrictive surgeries includes laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Although very effective for treating obesity, some of these surgeries might cause deleterious effects regarding GERD, due to anatomical modifications. LSG can increase the incidence of GERD, which may be explained from the changes in the angle of His and by increasing intragastric pressure. Pharmacological therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPI), H2 blockers and lifestyle changes are first line forms of treatment utilized to control the symptoms related to GERD. However, patients who use pharmacological treatment experience reduction in quality of life and seek alternative options. Refractory GERD is defined by lack of symptom control on maximum dose of PPI therapy. Moreover, due to the anatomical changes associated with bariatric surgeries, the traditional surgical and endoscopic techniques (TIF, Nissen Fundoplication) used to treat GERD in the general population are not suitable for these patients. With the current trend of an increase of bariatric surgery and thus GERD that arises after these surgeries, new innovative techniques to treat GERD are needed, especially in PPI averse or non-responsive patients. Cardia Band Ligation Anti-reflux (CLEAR) procedure utilizes multiple band ligations at the cardia in a 270-degree fashion, resulting in tissue necrosis and scar formation, narrowing the GE junction and enhancing the flap valve system. The investigators will perform CLEAR by placing 4 bands at the GEJ. The investigators hypothesized that CLEAR can be a safe and efficient intervention to improve post bariatric GERD.
Azathioprine tablets are indicated as an adjunct for the prevention of rejection in renal homotransplantation. It is also indicated for the management of active rheumatoid arthritis to reduce signs and symptoms.

Renal Homotransplantation:Azathioprine tablets are indicated as an adjunct for the prevention of rejection in renal homotransplantation. Experience with over 16,000 transplants shows a 5-year patient survival of 35% to 55%, but this is dependent on donor, match for HLA antigens, anti-donor or anti-B-cell alloantigen antibody, and other variables. The effect of azathioprine on these variables has not been tested in controlled trials. 

Rheumatoid Arthritis:Azathioprine tablets are indicated for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to reduce signs and symptoms. Aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or low dose glucocorticoids may be continued during treatment with azathioprine. The combined use of azathioprine with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) has not been studied for either added benefit or unexpected adverse effects. The use of azathioprine tablets with these agents cannot be recommended.
INTRODUCTION: In up to 72 % of HER2+ invasive breast cancer (IBC), a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) component is present. The presence of DCIS is associated with increased positive surgical margins after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). The aim of this study was to assess surgical margins, recurrence and survival in a nationwide cohort of HER2+ IBC with versus without a DCIS component, treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) and BCS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women diagnosed with HER2+ IBC treated with NST and BCS, between 2010 and 2019, were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and linked to the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine locoregional recurrence rate (LRR) and overall survival (OS) and associated clinicopathological variables. Surgical outcomes and prognosis were compared between IBC only and IBC+DCIS.
RESULTS: A total of 3056 patients were included: 1832 with IBC and 1224 with IBC+DCIS. Patients with IBC+DCIS had significantly more often positive surgical margins compared to IBC (12.8 % versus 4.9 %, p < 0.001). Five-year LRR was significantly higher in patients with IBC+DCIS compared to IBC (6.8 % versus 3.6 %, p < 0.001), but the presence of DCIS itself was not significantly associated with LRR after adjusting for confounders in multivariable analysis. Five-year OS did not differ between IBC+DCIS and IBC (94.9 % versus 95.7 %, p = 0.293).
CONCLUSION: The presence of DCIS is associated with higher rates of positive surgical margins, but not with LRR and lower OS when adjusted for confounders. Further research is necessary to adequately select IBC+DCIS patients for BCS after NST.
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a common treatment for paediatric cancer. Unfortunately, cisplatin treatment causes neuropathic pain, a highly prevalent adverse health related complication in adult childhood cancer survivors. Due to minimal understanding of this condition, there are currently no condition tailored analgesics available. Here we investigated an alteration in nociceptor maturation that results in neuronal sensitisation and manifestation of cisplatin induced survivorship pain in a TrkA dependent manner. Cisplatin was administered (i.p. 0.1 mg/kg Postnatal day 14 and 16) to neonatal male and female Wistar rats and nociceptive behavioural assays were performed. In vitro studies utilised isolated neonatal dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons treated with cisplatin (5 μg/ml) to elucidate impact upon nociceptor activation and neurite growth, in combination with TrkA inhibition (GW441756 10 nM and 100 nM). Cisplatin treated male and female neonatal Wistar rats developed a delayed but lasting mechanical and heat hypersensitivity. Cisplatin administration led to increased TrkA expression in dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons. Nerve growth factor (NGF) induced TrkA activation led to sensory neuritogenesis and nociceptor sensitisation, which could be prevented through pharmacological TrkA inhibition (GW441756 either s.c. 100 nM or i.p. 2 mg/kg). Administration of TrkA antagonist suppressed cisplatin induced TRPV1 mediated nociceptor sensitisation and prevented cisplatin induced neuropathic pain. These studies provide greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms that cause cisplatin induced childhood cancer survivorship pain and allowing identification of potential therapeutic targets.