anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Liver disease accounts for approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide. All chronic liver diseases (CLDs), whether of toxic, genetic, autoimmune, or infectious origin, undergo typical histological changes in the structure of the tissue. These changes may include the accumulation of extracellular matrix material, fats, triglycerides, or tissue scarring. Noninvasive methods for diagnosing CLD, such as conventional B-mode ultrasound (US), play a significant role in diagnosis. Doppler US, when coupled with B-mode US, can be helpful in evaluating the hemodynamics of hepatic vessels and detecting US findings associated with hepatic decompensation. US elastography can assess liver stiffness, serving as a surrogate marker for liver fibrosis. It is important to note that interpreting these values should not rely solely on a histological classification. Contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) provides valuable information on tissue perfusion and enables excellent differentiation between benign and malignant focal liver lesions. Clinical evaluation, the etiology of liver disease, and the patient current comorbidities all influence the interpretation of liver stiffness measurements. These measurements are most clinically relevant when interpreted as a probability of compensated advanced CLD. B-mode US offers a subjective estimation of fatty infiltration and has limited sensitivity for mild steatosis. The controlled attenuation parameter requires a dedicated device, and cutoff values are not clearly defined. Quan-titative US parameters for liver fat estimation include the attenuation coefficient, backscatter coefficient, and speed of sound. These parameters offer the advantage of providing fat quantification alongside B-mode evaluation and other US parameters. Multiparametric US (MPUS) of the liver introduces a new concept for complete noninvasive diagnosis. It encourages examiners to utilize the latest features of an US machine, including conventional B-mode, liver stiffness evaluation, fat quantification, dispersion imaging, Doppler US, and CEUS for focal liver lesion characterization. This comprehensive approach allows for diagnosis in a single examination, providing clinicians worldwide with a broader perspective and becoming a cornerstone in their diagnostic arsenal. MPUS, in the hands of skilled clinicians, becomes an invaluable predictive tool for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring CLD.
Participants with MDS who are HMA R/R will receive atezolizumab 1200 milligrams (mg) intravenous (IV) infusion every 3 weeks (Q3W) (21-day cycle). Treatment will continue for up to 17 cycles or until loss of clinical benefit, evidence of unacceptable toxicity, non-compliance with the protocol, voluntary withdrawal from the study, or study termination, whichever occurs first. Participants who achieve/maintain a partial response (PR) or hematological improvement (HI) after receiving 17 cycles of therapy may continue on study treatment beyond Cycle 17 until loss of clinical benefit.
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among men and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Currently, MRI is the best imaging modality for both detecting prostate cancer and determining the presence of extra-prostatic extension. Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance, combining T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging (DCE-MRI) is recommended as the minimum acceptable standard for prostate MRI examination. However, MPMRI still lacks diagnostic accuracy in the transition zone, where distinguishing cancer from proliferative nodules has proven difficult. DCE-MRI techniques evaluate the time course of signal intensities after administration of a contrast medium and have been used to successfully differentiate benign from malignant tumours, particularly in breast and prostate cancer. Unfortunately, current DCE approaches have high false-positive rates and are limited in distinguishing prostatitis and vascularized BPH nodules from cancer in active surveillance studies. Future studies that employ spectroscopic MR imaging of the prostate after administration of Hyperpolarized (13C) Pyruvate Injection, are expected to provide a robust, non-invasive method to assist in detecting and characterizing prostate cancer. The objective of this study is to determine the functionality of an eight-channel paddle coil system which is to be used in future Hyperpolarized (13C) Pyruvate Injection studies.
BACKGROUND: Dietary fibre can alleviate or reduce the risk of obesity and obesity-induced abnormalities in glycolipid metabolism. However, the effects of different types of dietary fibre or their combinations on obesity remain unclear. Here, we explored the effects of different ratios of inulin soluble dietary fibre (ISDF) and barley leaf insoluble dietary fibre (BLIDF) on the body weight, glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota of obese mice.
METHODS: Seven experimental groups were treated with different combinations of soluble and insoluble fibre, comprising HFD (high-fat diet without dietary fibre), BLIDF, ISDF, I3S1DF (insoluble/soluble = 3:1), I2S2DF (insoluble/soluble = 1:1), I1S3DF (insoluble/soluble = 1:3) and MIX (inulin, BLIDF and matcha powder fibre; insoluble/soluble = 3.6:1) groups.
RESULTS: Our results showed that the BLIDF, ISDF and MIX treatments decreased the body weight gain of the HFD mice significantly after eight-week interventions. All the fibre intervention groups except the MIX group displayed lower fasting blood glucose and glycosylated serum protein levels than the HFD group. BLIDF, ISDF, I3S1DF and I2S2DF improved the glucose tolerance of the mice. Moreover, none of the dietary fibre interventions affected the liver lipid metabolism, while I3S1DF and I1S3DF improved the abnormal serum lipid metabolism. BLIDF, ISDF, I3S1DF and I2S2DF reduced the serum IL-6 levels, and BLIDF and I1S3DF increased SOD activity significantly. Additionally, all the dietary fibre interventions decreased the Firmicutes to Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio and increased the abundance of beneficial gut microbes differently.
CONCLUSIONS: In short, our results suggest that different ratios of soluble and insoluble dietary fibre have unique impacts on mice body weight, glycolipid metabolism, inflammation and gut microbiota. The ratio of soluble to insoluble dietary fibre intake should be considered for specific health goals in the future.
Stress urinary incontinence often results from pelvic support structures' weakening or damage. This dysfunction is related to direct injury of the pelvic organ's muscular, ligamentous or connective tissue structures due to aging, vaginal delivery or increase of the intra-abdominal pressure, for example, defecation or due to obesity. Mechanical changes alter the soft tissues' microstructural composition and therefore may affect their biomechanical properties. This study focuses on adapting an inverse finite element analysis to estimate the in vivo bladder's biomechanical properties of two groups of women (continent group (G1) and incontinent group (G2)). These properties were estimated based on MRI, by comparing measurement of the bladder neck's displacements during dynamic MRI acquired in Valsalva maneuver with the results from inverse analysis. For G2, the intra-abdominal pressure was adjusted after applying a 95% impairment to the supporting structures. The material parameters were estimated for the two groups using the Ogden hyperelastic constitutive model. Finite element analysis results showed that the bladder tissue of women with stress urinary incontinence have the highest stiffness (α1 = 0.202 MPa and µ1 = 7.720 MPa) approximately 47% higher when compared to continent women. According to the bladder neck's supero-inferior displacement measured in the MRI, the intra-abdominal pressure values were adjusted for the G2, presenting a difference of 20% (4.0 kPa for G1 and 5.0 kPa for G2). The knowledge of the pelvic structures' biomechanical properties, through this non-invasive methodology, can be crucial in the choice of the synthetic mesh to treat dysfunction when considering personalized options.
Gadobutrol leads to distinct shortening of the relaxation times even in low concentrations. At pH 7, 37°C and 1.5 T, the relaxivity (r1) - determined from the influence on the relaxation times (T1) of protons in plasma - is 5.2 L/(mmol·sec) and the relaxivity (r2) - determined from the influence on the relaxation times (T2) - is 6.1 L/(mmol·sec). These relaxivities display only slight dependence on the strength of the magnetic field. The T1 shortening effect of paramagnetic contrast agents is dependent on concentration and r1 relaxivity (see Table 3). This may improve tissue visualization.

Compared to 0.5 molar gadolinium-based contrast agents, the higher concentration of gadobutrol injection results in half the volume of administration and a more compact contrast bolus injection. At the site of imaging, the relative height and width of the time intensity curve for gadobutrol injection varies as a function of imaging location and multiple patient, injection, and device-specific factors.

Gadobutrol is a water-soluble, hydrophilic compound with a partition coefficient between n-butanol and buffer at pH 7.6 of about 0.006.
New organ transplants are prepd. from organs and parts of organs of fish, birds and mammals by subjecting the organs and parts of organs to crosslinking between the peptide chains of the intercellular matrix and a crosslinking agent. The crosslinking agent is a dicarboxylic, tricarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid of the aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic series. The crosslinking is effected by formation of amide bonds and ester bonds between the amino gps. and the alcoholic OH gps., resp., of the peptide chains, and the carboxylic gps. of the crosslinking agent.
BACKGROUND: Chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin are commonly used in patients with clinically unresectable or recurrent esophageal cancer (ESCA). However, patients often develop resistance to cisplatin, which in turn leads to a poor prognosis. Studies have shown that FAM111B may be involved in the development of tumors as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene. However, the pathological role and corresponding mechanism of FAM111B in ESCA are still unclear.
METHODS: The GEPIA web tool, ENCORI Pan-Cancer Analysis Platform and UALCAN-TCGA database were used to study the expression of FAM111B in ESCA. CCK-8, angiogenesis, Transwell and xenograft assays were applied to explore the biological function of FAM111B in ESCA. Western blot, RT-qPCR, and RNA-seq analyses were applied to study the FAM111B/GSDMA axis in the progression of ESCA cells. CCK-8 and xenograft assays were used to study the role of the FAM111B/GSDMA axis in determining the sensitivity of ESCA to cisplatin.
RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that FAM111B is highly expressed in ESCA tissues compared to normal tissues. We showed that FAM111B promotes the progression of ESCC cells by binding to GSDMA and that the trypsin protease domain is essential for the activity of FAM111B. Furthermore, we showed that the FAM111B/GSDMA axis regulates cisplatin sensitivity in ESCA.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we identified a novel FAM111B/GSDMA axis regulating ESCA tumorigenesis and chemosensitivity, at least in ESCC cells.
Pompe disease (also known as glycogen storage disease type II, acid maltase deficiency, and glycogenosis type II) is an inherited disorder of glycogen metabolism caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA) that degrades glycogen to glucose in the lysosome. GAA deficiency results in intralysosomal accumulation of glycogen in various tissues.

Avalglucosidase alfa-ngpt provides an exogenous source of GAA. The M6P on avalglucosidase alfa-ngpt mediates binding to M6P receptors on the cell surface with high affinity. After binding, it is internalized and transported into lysosomes where it undergoes proteolytic cleavage that results in increased GAA enzymatic activity. Avalglucosidase alfa-ngpt then exerts enzymatic activity in cleaving glycogen.
BACKGROUND: Although sonication is a valuable diagnostic tool for periprosthetic joint infections (PJI), it is not commonly utilized. We analyzed sonicate and intraoperative tissue culture results obtained from three hospitals to define the microbial etiology of PJIs in Korea. Furthermore, we investigated necessity of conducting regular fungal and mycobacterial cultures.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data for patients with suspected orthopedic-related infections between 2017 and 2022, who had undergone prostheses removal surgery. We included 193 patients with suspected PJIs, and bacterial (n = 193), fungal (n = 193), and mycobacterial (n = 186) cultures were conducted on both sonicate and intraoperative tissue samples. The diagnosis of PJI was based on the European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS) criteria.
RESULTS: Out of 193 patients, 121 (62.7%) had positive sonicate cultures, while 112 (58.0%) had positive periprosthetic tissue cultures. According to EBJIS criteria, a total of 181 patients were diagnosed with PJI, and 141 patients received microbiological confirmation through sonicate fluid culture or tissue culture. Of the 181 patients, 28 were classified with acute PJI (within 3 months of implantation) and 153 with chronic PJI. Among 141 patients, staphylococci were the most common organisms, accounting for 51.8% of cases, followed by Gram-negative organisms (15.6%), fungus (8.5%), and mycobacteria (3.5%). Nearly 91.7% of fungal isolates were Candida species, which also grew in bacterial cultures. In total, 11 cases cultured positive only in tissue culture, whereas 20 cases cultured positive only in sonicate culture. The antibiotic treatment plans were adjusted according to culture results.
CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing sonicate culture has greatly assisted in identifying pathogens responsible for chronic indolent PJIs, allowing suitable antimicrobial treatment. Based on few cases involving non-Candida and mycobacterial infections, it appears that routine fungal and mycobacterial cultures may not be necessary.
Attention-match training is given to the patients in the control group. During the first interview, attention matching training is carried out by the thesis student for one time, about "Lung structure and functioning", lasting approximately 20 minutes. In addition, a brochure about lung structure and functioning is given to patients. The patients in the control group are not subjected to any other interventions throughout the study.
Cefazolin for Injection USP, Pharmacy Bulk Package bag SmartPak® should not be used in patients who require less than a 250 mg dose of cefazolin.

To prevent postoperative infection in contaminated or potentially contaminated surgery, recommended doses are:

  * 1 gram to 2 grams I.V. administered ½ hour to 1 hour prior to the start of surgery.
  * For lengthy operative procedures (e.g., 2 hours or more), 500 mg to 1 gram I.V. during surgery (administration modified depending on the duration of the operative procedure).
  * 500 mg to 1 gram I.V. every 6 to 8 hours for 24 hours postoperatively.



It is important that (i) the preoperative dose be given just (½ to 1 hour) prior to the start of surgery so that adequate antibacterial concentrations are present in the serum and tissues at the time of initial surgical incision; and (ii) cefazolin may be administered, if necessary, at appropriate intervals during surgery to provide sufficient concentrations of the antibacterial drug at the anticipated moments of greatest exposure to infective organisms. The prophylactic administration of cefazolin should usually be discontinued within a 24-hour period after the surgical procedure. In surgery where the occurrence of infection may be particularly devastating (e.g., open-heart surgery and prosthetic arthroplasty), the prophylactic administration of cefazolin may be continued for 3 to 5 days following the completion of surgery.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disorder that poses a significant global health challenge. There is a lack of safe and effective medications to treat AD. Astragalus membranaceous is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in clinical treatment of skin diseases. Calycosin (CA), derived from the root of Astragalus membranaceous, exhibits dual attributes of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, suggesting its promise for addressing cutaneous inflammation. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms underlying CA's therapeutic actions in AD remain elusive.
AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CA in treating AD while also delving into the mechanistic underpinnings of CA's action in AD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cell viability and anti-inflammatory impacts of CA in vitro were first gauged using CCK-8 and RT-qPCR. The potential mechanisms of CA were then probed using modular pharmacology. Flow cytometry was employed to ascertain the differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells derived from naïve T cells, as well as the proportions and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of human iTreg cells. The expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were measured and Treg suppression assay was performed. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy of topical CA application was assessed using a calcipotriol (MC903)-induced AD mouse model. The expression metrics of inflammatory cytokines, IL-17A, FOXP3, and RORγt were authenticated via immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA.
RESULTS: CA exhibited a favorable safety profile and reduced the mRNA expressions of Th2 inflammatory cytokines in HaCaT cells. Modular pharmacology analysis pinpointed Th17 differentiation as the pivotal mechanism behind CA's therapeutic effect on AD. In vitro, CA fostered the differentiation of naïve T cells into Tregs while inhibiting their differentiation into Th17 cells. Furthermore, CA augmented the proliferation of human iTregs. In vivo, CA alleviated skin manifestations and decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TSLP, and NF-κB related cytokines) in AD-like mouse models. Simultaneously, it regulated Treg/Th17 balance through suppressing IL-17A and RORγt expressions and bolstering FOXP3 expression.
CONCLUSIONS: The study provides insights into the mechanistic pathways through which CA exerts its anti-inflammatory effects, particularly through promoting Treg cell differentiation and inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation. Furthermore, CA emerges as an alternative or adjunctive treatment strategy for managing AD.
BACKGROUND: Jiaohong pills (JHP) consist of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli (PZ) and Radix Rehmanniae, two herbs that have been extensively investigated over many years due to their potential protective effects against cognitive decline and memory impairment. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects remain elusive. Here, research studies were conducted to investigate and validate the therapeutic effects of JHP on Alzheimer's disease.
METHODS: BV-2 cell inflammation was induced by lipopolysaccharide. AD mice were administered amyloid-β (Aβ). Behavioral experiments were used to evaluate learning and memory ability. The levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the phosphorylation level of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were detected using Western blot. Nissl staining was used to detect neuronal degeneration.
RESULTS: The results demonstrated that an alcoholic extract of PZ significantly decreased the levels of NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS; increased the expression level of IL-10; and significantly decreased the phosphorylation levels of MAPK and NF-κB. These inhibitory effects were further confirmed in the AD mouse model. Meanwhile, JHP improved learning and memory function in AD mice, reduced neuronal damage, and enriched the Nissl bodies in the hippocampus. Moreover, IL-1β and TNF-α in the cortex were significantly downregulated after JHP administration, whereas IL-10 showed increased expression.
CONCLUSIONS: It was found that JHP reduced neuroinflammatory response in AD mice by targeting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
The effects of hypoxia on brain function remain largely unknown. This study aimed to clarify this issue by visual-stimulated functional magnetic resonance imaging design. Twenty-three college students with a 30-d high-altitude exposure were tested before, 1 week and 3 months after returning to sea level. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging and retinal electroretinogram were acquired. One week after returning to sea level, decreased blood oxygenation level dependent in the right lingual gyrus accompanied with increased blood oxygenation level dependent in the frontal cortex and insular cortex, and decreased amplitude of electroretinogram a-wave in right eye; moreover, the bilateral lingual gyri showed increased functional connectivity within the dorsal visual stream pathway, and the blood oxygenation level dependent signals in the right lingual gyrus showed positive correlation with right retinal electroretinogram a-wave. Three months after returning to sea level, the blood oxygenation level dependent signals recovered to normal level, while intensively increased blood oxygenation level dependent signals in a broad of brain regions and decreased retinal electroretinogram were also existed. In conclusion, hypoxic exposure has long-term effects on visual cortex, and the impaired retinal electroretinogram may contribute to it. The increased functional connectivity of dorsal stream may compensate for the decreased function of retinal photoreceptor cells to maintain normal visual function.
The training time will be 30 minutes in the morning and 30 minutes in the afternoon with a total daily work time of 60 minutes. The frequency of work will be different in each session, seeking in the morning routine a vascularization and improvement of muscle trophism and in the afternoon an aerobic endurance, activation of the working capacity of the tonic muscles to improve the stabilizing muscles and postural fitness.
Usual care consists of planned consultations every 6-12 months by a rheumatologist or a rheumatology nurse and access to support from a rheumatology nurse by telephone. The planned consultations encompass review of blood tests, joint examinations, review of completed answers to questionnaires in DANBIO, adherence and evaluation of whether pharmacological adjustment is necessary. In addition, the planned nursing consultations sporadically encompass education in relation to management of the disease, symptoms and the pharmacological treatment. At the outpatient departments at the Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup and Frederiksberg Hospital, patients who have specific challenges can be offered an additional nursing consultation for non-pharmacological support. At Rigshospitalet-Glostrup it is also possible to refer a patient to see a physiotherapist and/ or an occupational therapist in the outpatient department.