anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: To improve the timely recognition of patients with treatment-responsive causes of rapidly progressive dementia (RPD).
METHODS: A total of 226 adult patients with suspected RPD were enrolled in a prospective observational study and followed for up to 2 years. Diseases associated with RPD were characterized as potentially treatment-responsive or non-responsive, referencing clinical literature. Disease progression was measured using Clinical Dementia Rating® Sum-of-Box scores. Clinical and paraclinical features associated with treatment responsiveness were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Findings informed the development of a clinical criterion optimized to recognize patients with potentially treatment-responsive causes of RPD early in the diagnostic evaluation.
RESULTS: A total of 155 patients met defined RPD criteria, of whom 86 patients (55.5%) had potentially treatment-responsive causes. The median (range) age-at-symptom onset in patients with RPD was 68.9 years (range 22.0-90.7 years), with a similar number of men and women. Seizures, tumor (disease-associated), magnetic resonance imaging suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis, mania, movement abnormalities, and pleocytosis (≥10 cells/mm3 ) in cerebrospinal fluid at presentation were independently associated with treatment-responsive causes of RPD after controlling for age and sex. Those features at presentation, as well as age-at-symptom onset <50 years (ie, STAM3 P), captured 82 of 86 (95.3%) cases of treatment-responsive RPD. The presence of ≥3 STAM3 P features had a positive predictive value of 100%.
INTERPRETATION: Selected features at presentation reliably identified patients with potentially treatment-responsive causes of RPD. Adaptation of the STAM3 P screening score in clinical practice may minimize diagnostic delays and missed opportunities for treatment in patients with suspected RPD. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:237-248.
The present invention relates to an mRNA for encoding an anti-avian influenza H7N9 virus antibody, a preparation method therefor, and use thereof. Specifically, provided is an isolated mRNA composition, which comprises an mRNA comprising the coding for a monoclonal H7N9 antibody heavy chain and an mRNA comprising the coding for a monoclonal H7N9 antibody light chain. The mRNAs further each comprise: a 5' cap structure; a 5' UTR sequence; a 3' UTR sequence, and 4) a polyadenylate sequence. In the composition, the mass ratio of the mRNA comprising an open reading frame encoding the monoclonal H7N9 antibody heavy chain to the mRNA comprising an open reading frame encoding the monoclonal H7N9 antibody light chain is 1:1. The mRNA composition of the present invention can be directly expressed as a monoclonal antibody in vivo in a subject, with rapid onset of effect, and can be directly used for the treatment of H7N9 infection. Moreover, the effect is superior to that realized by direct injection of a monoclonal antibody.
Paradoxical reactions (PR) to tuberculosis (TB) treatment are common during treatment, but have also been described after treatment. A presentation with recurrent signs or symptoms of TB after cure or completion of prior treatment needs to be differentiated between microbiological relapse and a paradoxical reaction. We searched all published literature on post-treatment PR, and present a synthesis of 30 studies, focusing on the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of this phenomenon. We report an additional case vignette. The majority of studies were of lymph node TB (LN-TB), followed by central nervous system TB (CNS-TB). A total of 112 confirmed and 42 possible post-treatment PR cases were reported. The incidence ranged between 3 and 14% in LN-TB and was more frequent than relapses, and between 0 and 2% in all TB. We found four reports of pulmonary or pleural TB post-treatment PR cases. The incidence did not differ by length of treatment, but was associated with younger age at initial diagnosis, and having had a PR (later) during treatment. Post-treatment PR developed mainly within the first 6 months after the end of TB treatment but has been reported many years later (longest report 10 years). The mainstays of diagnosis and management are negative mycobacterial cultures and anti-inflammatory treatment, respectively. Due to the favourable prognosis in LN-TB recurrent symptoms, a short period of observation is warranted to assess for spontaneous regression. In CNS-TB with recurrent symptoms, immediate investigation and anti-inflammatory treatment with the possibility of TB retreatment should be undertaken.
State-based Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) are being implemented to reduce prescription drug abuse and diversion. On August 24, 2016, Pennsylvania initiated its mandated PDMP. In prior research, we found that ED providers reduced opioid prescribing by 17% immediately after PDMP went live. Still, there is variability between providers in the frequency of opioid prescribing even after PDMP initiation. Changing clinician prescribing behavior is difficult, but recent research has shown that using peer comparisons can assist behavior change (Meeker D et al., JAMA, 2016). In this study, we will randomize a convenience sample of ED providers to receive either their opioid prescribing history data with peer comparative data or without peer comparative data. We will examine the effect on immediate perceived norms as well as impact on opioid prescribing in the subsequent 3 months. Results could inform behavioral feedback to alter clinician prescribing behaviors
Eastern Europe is an emerging epicenter of injection drug use and Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection, among women. Within Eastern Europe, the Republic of Georgia is one of the last countries where an Human Immunodeficiency Virus epidemic can still be averted. This proposal responds to RFA-DA-10-008 International Research Collaborations on Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Drug Use by building on the successful collaboration among United States and Eastern European investigators from the Republic of Georgia and Russia. Recent data from Georgia's neighbor, Russia, reported 59% of Injection Drug Using women Human Immunodeficiency Virus seropositive; this is a threat that looms over Georgia. Understanding the risk factors that operate in Russia that drive this epidemic may help forestall such a catastrophe in Georgia. As such, this proposal directly responds to the Eastern European Region question of "How can drug abuse treatment interventions be integrated with established Human Immunodeficiency Virus prevention approaches to optimize their combined effectiveness?" Injection drug using Georgian women show prevalence rates of 2% for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and 25% for hepatitis C. The low prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Georgian women provides an important window of opportunity to intervene and avoid the possibility of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus epidemic. In Georgia, women's expected subordination to men makes women vulnerable to Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C infection. The public health impact of the proposed project is far-reaching. Taken to scale, our Georgian reinforcement-based treatment model holds the promise not only to lessen the possibility of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus epidemic and slow the increase in the Hepatitis C transmission rate in Georgia, but also to strongly influence the development of women-focused drug abuse intervention models for treatment tailoring and dissemination in other nations.
Patients receive durvalumab intravenously (IV) over 1 hour on day 1 and epacadostat orally (PO) twice a day (BID) on days 1-28. Cycles repeat every 28 days for 12 months in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients with disease progression who are benefiting from treatment in the opinion of the principal investigator may continue durvalumab and epacadostat for up to an additional 12 months from the initiation (or re-initiation) of treatment on study.
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a major health concern, severely affecting the patient's mobility and life quality. In the pathological process of skeletal muscle atrophy, with the progressive decline in muscle quality, strength, and function, the incidence of falling, fracture, and death is greatly increased. Unfortunately, there are no effective treatments for this devastating disease. Thus, it is imperative to investigate the exact pathological molecular mechanisms underlying the development of skeletal muscle atrophy and to identify new therapeutic targets. Decreased muscle mass, strength, and muscle fiber cross-sectional area are typical pathological features and manifestations of skeletal muscle atrophy. Ferroptosis, an emerging type of programmed cell death, is characterized by iron-dependent oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Notably, the understanding of its role in skeletal muscle atrophy is emerging. Ferroptosis has been found to play an important role in the intricate interplay between the pathological mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy and its progression caused by multiple factors. This provides new opportunities and challenges in the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy. Therefore, we systematically elucidated the ferroptosis mechanism and its progress in skeletal muscle atrophy, aiming to provide a comprehensive insight into the intricate relationship between ferroptosis and skeletal muscle atrophy from the perspectives of iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation and to provide new insights for targeting the pathways related to ferroptosis and the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy.
BACKGROUND: In Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, 860 356 Rohingya living in refugee camps have experienced decades of persecution. Little is known about disease burden in this population.
METHODS: A retrospective review of deidentified electronic health records (EHR) of 51 270 Rohingya attending two primary health clinics in Kutupalong and Balukahli from October 2017 to October 2019 was performed. A novel EHR system named NIROG was used for patients' medical records'.
RESULTS: Females comprised 53.8% of patients. The median age of females was 25 y and for males it was 19 y. Prevalence of adult hypertension and diabetes was 14.1% and 11.0%, respectively. Also, 16.6% of children aged <5 y had moderate or severe acute malnutrition, while 36.6% were at risk of malnutrition. Body mass index (BMI) analysis showed that 34.4% of adults were underweight. Females were more likely to be hypertensive, diabetic, overweight/obese and malnourished. BMI had a statistically significant positive correlation with fasting blood glucose levels and systolic blood pressure.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of a portable EHR system was highly effective at providing longitudinal care in a humanitarian setting. Significant proportions of the adult population appear to have hypertension or diabetes, pointing to a critical need for management of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The findings of the current study will help stakeholders to plan effective prevention and management of NCDs among displaced Rohingya and other displaced populations.
A burr-hole craniostomy is performed and a small incision to the dura is made and 10 ml of subdural exudate is aspired with blunt aspiration needle for a CSDH sample to be stored in -70℃ to be used for later analysis. The subdural drain is inserted approximately 3-5 cm underneath the skull and parallel to it. The duration of operation is recorded.
BRCA1/2 previvors - individuals who have a genetic mutation that increases their lifetime risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer - have unique information needs. Previvors can experience distress and uncertainty when these needs are not met, which can have negative consequences on their physical and psychological health. Previous research suggests meeting previvors' information needs is one way to combat these potential harmful effects. However, limited past research has examined previvors' perceptions of the helpfulness of information. Therefore, through surveying 101 previvors, this study explored previvors' perceptions of the (un)helpfulness of information, what (lack of) barriers previvors face to finding desired information, and the information sources they utilized. A thematic analysis revealed that previvors generally viewed information as helpful (through empowerment, coping, camaraderie, and action) but not always (evident in information overload). Previvors also reported several barriers (such as "the healthcare system in general", exclusivity, and uncertainty), while others reported a lack of resistance to finding desired information. Additionally, frequencies were calculated to find that various healthcare providers, support groups, and friends and family were common information sources. Taken together, these results offer a psychosocial model for understanding the previvor information journey, displaying how the themes are interconnected and unique for each previvor.
FIELD: medicine, virology. SUBSTANCE: invention proposes vaccine for adults and children corresponding to an actual virus B/Peterburgh/92/95 by antigenic properties. Vaccine strain B/60/Peterburgh/95/20 is a reassortant obtained by breeding an epidemic virus B/Peterburgh/92/95 with cold-adapted temperature-sensitive viris B/USSR/60/69 - an attenuation donor. Strain is harmless for adults and children, its properties provide possibility to obtain reassortant vaccine strains from newly appearing epidemic viruses. Strain B/60/Peterburgh/95/20 multiplicates actively in developing chicken embryos at optimal temperature 32-33 C and shows temperature-sensitivity and cold-adaptation. Reassortant inherited two genes encoding surface proteins (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) from an epidemic virus and six genes encoding nonglycosylated proteins from an attenuation donor. Strain B/60/Peterburgh is nonreactive for adults and children (3-14 years age) at intranasal administration and corresponds to immunogenicity indices. Vaccine strain B/60/Peterburgh/95/20 by its biological properties and reactive indices corresponds to requirements for vaccine strains by Pharmacopoeia articles FS 42-298 BS-89 and FS 42-299 VS-89 for living antiinfluenza vaccine for intranasal using for children (3-14 years age) and living antiinfluenza vaccine for intranasal using for adults. EFFECT: strain indicated above. 2 tbl, 2 ex
The mortality with septic shock is high. Treatment includes antibiotics, intravenous fluid and drugs for circulatory support, especially the vasopressor norepinephrine. Fluids and drugs for circulatory support are to restore adequate organ perfusion. Inadequate oxygenation of the brain can give neurologic damage. Traditionally treatment is guided by surrogate markers like arterial and central venous pressure. Cerebral oximetry is a non-invasive method which measures cerebral saturation of oxygen, SCO2, and thereby expresses regional cerebral perfusion. By registering cerebral oxymetry on patients treated with vasopressors for septic shock we want to reveal if higher doses of vasopressor correlates with cerebral vasoconstriction and lower cerebral oximetry.
BACKGROUND: There have been reports of otolaryngological adverse event following immunization (AEFI) such as instances of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction following COVID-19 vaccination. This study aimed to analyze otolaryngological AEFIs following COVID-19 vaccination.
METHODS: This study was conducted with a secondary data analysis that the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) and the COVID-19 Data Tracker, which are both administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US. Using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) concepts, AEFIs included: Considering the overall frequency and similarity of symptoms in the first 153 PTs, they were grouped into major 19 AEFIs groups. The incidence rates (IRs) of AEFIs per 100,000 were calculated on individual and cumulative AEFIs levels, involving people who received complete primary series and an updated bivalent booster dose with one of the available COVID-19 vaccines in the US. The proportions of AEFIs by age, sex, and vaccine manufacturer were reported. We also calculated the proportional reporting ratio (PRR) of AEFIs.
RESULTS: We identified 106,653 otorhinolaryngologic AEFIs from the VAERS database, and a total of 226,593,618 people who received complete primary series in the US. Overall, the IR of total Otorhinolaryngologic AEFIs was 47.068 of CPS (completed primary series) and 7.237 UBB (updated bivalent booster) per 100,000. For most symptoms, being female was associated with statistically significant higher AEFIs. Upon examining the impact of different vaccine manufacturers, the researchers found that Janssen's vaccine exhibited higher IRs for hearing loss (5.871), tinnitus (19.182), ear infection (0.709), dizziness (121.202), sinusitis (2.088), epistaxis (4.251), anosmia (5.264), snoring (0.734), allergies (5.555), and pharyngitis (5.428). The highest PRRs were for Anosmia (3.617), Laryngopharyngeal Reflux - Acid Reflux (2.632), and Tinnitus -Ringing in the ears (2.343), in that order, with these three significantly incidence than other background noises.
CONCLUSION: This study, utilizing an extensive sample sizes, represents a significant step toward comprehensively characterizing the otolaryngological AEFIs associated with COVID-19 vaccinations. This large-scale analysis aims to move beyond isolated case reports and anecdotal evidence, providing a robust and detailed portrait of the otolaryngological AEFIs landscape in response to COVID-19 vaccinations.
This invention provides methods to prepare and use immunostimulatory cells for enhancing an immune response. The invention provides a method for preparing mature dendritic cells (DCs), comprising the sequential steps of: (a) signaling isolated immature dendritic cells (iDCs) with a first signal comprising an interferon gamma receptor (IFN-.gamma.R) agonist and/or a tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor (TNF-.alpha.R) agonist to produce signaled dendritic cells; and (b) signaling said signaled dendritic cells with a second transient signal comprising an effective amount of a CD40 agonist to produce CCR7+ mature dendritic cells. Also provided by this invention are enriched populations of dendritic cells prepared by the methods of the invention. Such dendritic cells have enhanced immunostimulatory properties and increased IL-12 secretion and/or decreased IL-10 secretion. CD40 signaling can be initiated by one or more of polypeptide translated from an exogenous polynucleotide encoding CD40L (e.g., mRNA or DNA), an agonistic antibody to CD40 receptor or by CD40 ligand polypeptide. The enriched populations can be further modified by the administration of an immunogen to the DC. The DC will take up and process the immunogen on its cell surface.
An embodiment is a swellable medical device that swells after introduction into a patient to occlude a lumen or void in a patient. The device may be anisotropically swellable so that it swells unequally in some dimensions to create an improved fit of the device into the patient. Anisotropically swellable materials are also described. Further, materials and methods for removing a biocompatible hydrogel from a patient by a metal-catalyzed oxidative-reductive reaction are described. Other embodiments are directed to devices that are shrinkable, dissolvable, or otherwise removable by exposure to deionized water or hypertonic solutions. Certain other embodiments are materials and methods for making and using chelation-resistant materials crosslinked by insoluble metal salts.
We will test our hypotheses by recruiting 40 CF children from five CF centers (8 per center) across the country. Patients will be randomly assigned to receive treatment with GH (0.3 mg/kg/wk) during the first 12 months, or during the second 12 months. All subjects will be followed every three months for the entire 24 months. Growth data and PFT data from the year prior to study will be obtained from the medical record for each subject. Our specific aims include:

1. To determine the effect of GH on height, height velocity, body weight and lean body mass. We will measure height and weight using a standardized stadiometer and scale, respectively, every three months during the study. From these measurements we will calculate height and weight velocity and height and weight Z score. Lean body mass (LBM) will be measured by DEXA every six months. Baseline height and weight will be analyzed as covariates to determine whether children whose height and/or weight are at the lowest percentiles achieve greater improvement in height and weight velocity and lean body mass. This specific aim tests the hypothesis that GH significantly improves height, height velocity, weight, weight velocity and lean body mass in CF children irrespective of growth prior to starting the drug.
2. To determine the effect of GH on pulmonary function. Pulmonary function tests, including FEV1, FVC and PImax and PEmax (for estimation of respiratory muscle strength), will be measured at baseline and every 6 months in all subjects. We will document inpatient admissions and outpatient antibiotic therapy during the study. Baseline pulmonary function will be analyzed as a covariate to determine whether children with good pulmonary function achieve greater benefit than children with poor pulmonary function. This specific aim tests the hypothesis that GH use improves pulmonary function in CF children regardless of level of pulmonary functions prior to using the drug.
3. To determine if GH use in CF patients positively impacts quality of life. At baseline and every six months, we will administer a 15 minute questionnaire to both the parent and patient to assess quality of life. These questionnaires entitled "The Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire" have been recently developed and tested for quality. They are specific for CF patients and have been approved by the National CF Foundation. This specific aim will test the hypothesis that GH use improves quality of life in CF patients.
4. To determine if the clinical improvement obtained from GH use is sustained. Those patients treated with GH during the first 12 months will be followed for 12 months after treatment to determine if the outcome variables remain better than baseline after growth hormone therapy is discontinued. This specific aim tests the hypothesis that GH use results in sustained improvement in height velocity, weight velocity, lean body mass, pulmonary function and quality of life.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common and serious medical problem. Most cases occur when patients forget or stop insulin injections. Some patients require frequent admissions to the hospital with DKA after stopping insulin. Many patients do not know why they stop insulin therapy. The investigators will test if patients with one or more episodes of DKA have poor memory and brain changes that may lead to poor management.

In this study, the investigators will perform memory testing and brain images in subjects with initial DKA episode and subjects with more than 3 episodes of DKA. The results will be compared to subjects with diabetes and no history of DKA and healthy (non-diabetic) subjects. Each subject with DKA will have an MRI and cognitive testing done shortly after hospital discharge, 1 month, and 3 months after hospital discharge. Diabetic subjects without DKA and healthy controls will only come in for a single baseline visit and have a MRI and cognitive testing done.
The wait-list control group will receive access to the mobile app/support program after six (6) months. They will complete questionnaires and a blood draw at baseline and 6 months. Monetary compensation will be provided for their time and effort.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is provided in a 3-session psychoeducational intervention to reduce negative affectivity triggered by tinnitus. CBT treatments for tinnitus target the reduction of psychopathology by altering cognitive distortions, automatic thoughts, and core beliefs, as well as behavioral techniques to reduce physiological arousal.