anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Muscle atrophy is an early event that occurs after stroke, but there are few reports on the changes in skeletal muscle thickness in acute stroke. This study investigated the factors contributing to reduced muscle thickness in patients with acute stroke.
METHODS: In total, 51 patients with stroke and the National Institute of the Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) > 3 were included in our study. They were admitted to our hospital between July 2017 and May 2020. The quadriceps muscle thickness was measured with an ultrasound device within 2 days after admission and 14 days later. The collected data included age, sex, body mass index, stroke type, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, NIHSS, serum albumin at admission, start of enteral nutrition, Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), start of mobilization and ambulation, number of physical and occupational therapy units, C-reactive protein at admission and whether surgery had been performed. These data were retrospectively retrieved from medical documents. A dietician calculated energy intake, protein intake, and energy adequacy. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with reduced quadriceps muscle thickness. The independent variables were NIHSS, date of start of enteral feeding, protein intake, FOIS, date of mobilization, and date of start of ambulation training.
RESULTS: The rate of change in quadriceps muscle thickness of the paretic limb was -15.3 % (interquartile range, -46.1-14.8 %). Multiple regression analysis showed that the factors responsible for the decrease in muscle thickness on the paretic side were FOIS (β: 0.376; 95 % Cl, 0.999 to 4.541) and the start date of ambulation (β: -0.378; 95 % Cl, -2.575 to -0.543), with a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.456.
CONCLUSION: The FOIS and the start date of ambulation after acute stroke were related to the rate of reduction in muscle thickness on the paretic side.
Two adequate and well-controlled efficacy and safety trials were conducted in 641 subjects between the ages of 21 to 75 years, having Fitzpatrick Skin types I-IV and moderate to severe melasma of the face. TRI-LUMA Cream was compared with 3 possible combinations of 2 of the 3 active ingredients [(1) hydroquinone 4% (HQ) + tretinoin 0.05% (RA); (2) fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% (FA) + tretinoin 0.05% (RA); (3) fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% (FA) + hydroquinone 4% (HQ)], contained in the same vehicle as TRI-LUMA Cream. Subjects were instructed to apply their study medication each night, after washing their face with a mild soapless cleanser, for 8 weeks. Instructions were given to apply a thin layer of study medication to the hyperpigmented lesion, making sure to cover the entire lesion including the outside borders extending to the normal pigmented skin. Subjects were provided a mild moisturizer for use as needed. A sunscreen with SPF 30 was also provided with instructions for daily use. Protective clothing and avoidance of sunlight exposure to the face was recommended.

Subjects were evaluated for melasma severity at Baseline and at Weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 of treatment. Primary efficacy was based on the proportion of subjects who had an investigators’ assessment of treatment success, defined as the clearing of melasma at the end of the eight-week treatment period. The majority of subjects enrolled in the two trials were white (approximately 66%) and female (approximately 98%). TRI-LUMA Cream was demonstrated to be significantly more effective than any of the other combinations of the active ingredients.

PRIMARY EFFICACY ANALYSIS:

p-value is from Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square statistics controlling for pooled investigator and comparing TRI-LUMA Cream to the other treatment groups.

In the Investigators’ assessment of melasma severity at Day 56 of treatment, the following table shows the clinical improvement profile for all subjects treated with TRI-LUMA Cream based on severity of their melasma at the start of treatment.

Assessment Scale: Cleared (melasma lesions approximately equivalent to surrounding normal skin or with minimal residual hyperpigmentation); Mild (slightly darker than the surrounding normal skin); Moderate (moderately darker than the surrounding normal skin); Severe (markedly darker than the surrounding normal skin).

Subjects experienced improvement of their melasma with the use of TRI-LUMA Cream as early as 4 weeks. However, among 7 subjects who had clearing at the end of 4 weeks of treatment with TRI-LUMA Cream, 4 of them did not maintain the remission after an additional 4 weeks of treatment.

After 8 weeks of treatment with the trial drug, subjects entered into an open-label extension period in which TRI-LUMA Cream was given on an as-needed basis for the treatment of melasma. The remission periods appeared to shorten between progressive courses of treatment. Additionally, few subjects maintained complete clearing of melasma (approximately 1 to 2%).
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid pediatric cancer, and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in children. Despite the current multi-modal treatment regimens, majority of patients with advanced-stage NBs develop therapeutic resistance and relapse, leading to poor disease outcomes. There is a large body of knowledge on pathophysiological role of small extracellular vesicles (EVs) in progression and metastasis of multiple cancer types, however, the importance of EVs in NB was until recently not well understood. Studies emerging in the last few years have demonstrated the involvement of EVs in various aspects of NB pathogenesis. In this review we summarize these recent findings and advances on the role EVs play in NB progression, such as tumor growth, metastasis and therapeutic resistance, that could be helpful for future investigations in NB EV research. We also discuss different strategies for therapeutic targeting of NB-EVs as well as utilization of NB-EVs as potential biomarkers.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a therapeutic or a prophylactic agent for digestive system diseases, etc. SOLUTION: A method and a kit for screening a compound capable of promoting or inhibiting the activity of a new peptide, etc., or its salt are provided. The compound or its salt is obtained by the screening. A medicine, etc., contain the compound or its salt. Thereby, the peptide can be used for diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis, etc., of, e.g. the digestive system diseases and is useful as a reagent for screening the compound capable of promoting or inhibiting the protein or its salt.
Parents of young adults ages 18 to 25 years with type 1 diabetes who are transitioning to independence. During six weeks, participants will receive a reminder via text and/or email twice per week to invite them to view diabetes education materials on the study's mobile website, T1DToolkit.org. Topics on this website include, among others, Caregiver Burnout; Your Child is Now an Adult; Sharing Responsibility; Sources of Support; Common Fears for Parents of Young Adults; and Your Child, Your Child's Doctor, and You.
This group will be applied to the soleus, gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles tendon with Graston, an instrumental myofascial mobilization technique, until they feel warmth in the skin and tonus relaxation in the target muscles. The persons treated with graston are applied at a 45° angle parallel to the muscle fibers for approximately 20 seconds. Immediately afterwards, the graston is applied to the muscles in a direction perpendicular to the same muscle fibers at a 45° angle for 20 seconds, resulting in a total treatment time of approximately 40 seconds. This results in an increase in temperature and tonus relaxation on the skin surface. In our study, the application will be performed for Gastarocnemius, Soleus muscle and Achilles tendon.
Paclitaxel 90 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15 q4w. Patients will continue to receive assigned treatment until progression or lack of tolerability.
The present invention discloses a pharmaceutical composition comprising Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, which comprises Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, Fructus Crataegi, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Radix Notoginseng. If needed, the pharmaceutical composition may comprise the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. The weight ratio of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Fructus Crataegi and Radix Notoginseng in the present composition is as follows: 10 to 20 parts of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, 5 to 15 parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, 10 to 20 parts of Fructus Crataegi and 1 to 10 parts of Radix Notoginseng. Also, the present invention discloses the methods for preparing the composition, including directly pulverizing the medicines into powder to produce the composition or preparing the medicines into the extracts and then make the extracts into drugs. The composition of the present invention has an effect of lowering blood lipid, and therefore can be used in preparation of drugs for treatment and/or prevention of hyperlipidemia. The present invention also discloses a method to treat and/or prevent hyperlipidemia.
Risk Summary

Based on findings in animal reproduction studies and its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)] , capecitabine can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Available human data with capecitabine use in pregnant women is not sufficient to inform the drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, administration of capecitabine to pregnant animals during the period of organogenesis caused embryolethality and teratogenicity in mice and embryolethality in monkeys at 0.2 and 0.6 times the exposure (AUC) in patients receiving the recommended dose of 1,250 mg/m 2 twice daily, respectively (see Data). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. 

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.   
Data

Animal Data

Oral administration of capecitabine to pregnant mice during the period of organogenesis at a dose of 198 mg/kg/day caused malformations and embryo lethality. In separate pharmacokinetic studies, this dose in mice produced 5’-DFUR AUC values that were approximately 0.2 times the AUC values in patients administered the recommended daily dose. Malformations in mice included cleft palate, anophthalmia, microphthalmia, oligodactyly, polydactyly, syndactyly, kinky tail and dilation of cerebral ventricles. Oral administration of capecitabine to pregnant monkeys during the period of organogenesis at a dose of 90 mg/kg/day, caused fetal lethality. This dose produced 5’-DFUR AUC values that were approximately 0.6 times the AUC values in patients administered the recommended daily dose.
The Mediterranean Diet (MD) includes similar food patterns to those described in the Healthy Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. The daily caloric needs of participants will be calculated to ensure weight stability. For a daily 2,000 kcal diet, participants will consume 2.5 cup equivalents of vegetables, 2.5 cup equivalents of fruits, 3 ounce equivalents of whole grains, 2 cup equivalents of dairy, 6 ounces equivalent of protein foods (with 32% from seafood, and 11% from nuts, seeds and soy products), and 27 grams of canola or olive oil, per day. No more than 12% of calories per day will come from discretionary foods (I.e., added sugar, saturated fat).
With more than 90 million new cases annually, Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial disease. Untreated endocervical C. trachomatis infections can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a disorder of the endometrium, fallopian tubes, and adjacent structures that occurs after ascension of the bacterium from the lower to upper genital tract. Adverse outcomes secondary to C. trachomatis-induced PID include tubal infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Vaccine development has been identified as essential for control of C. trachomatis infections, and current evidence suggests that an effective vaccine will likely be based on several C. trachomatis antigens. Experimental models of infection have identified HSP60, major outer-membrane protein (MOMP), outer membrane protein 2 (OMP2), and polymorphic membrane protein D (PmpD) as promising vaccine candidates. A prospective study of Kenyan commercial sex workers found that production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by peripheral blood cells stimulated with chlamydia heat-shock protein (HSP60) strongly correlated with protection against incident C. trachomatis infection. This proposal details an exploratory identification of the antigen-specific cell mediated immune responses associated with antecedent C. trachomatis infection in women.

C. trachomatis is an obligate, intracellular, gram-negative microorganism recognized as the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide. The highest rates of infection with this organism are consistently found among adolescents and young adults. Young women are also the group most adversely impacted by the effects of C. trachomatis infection on reproductive health. While approximately 70% of infections with C. trachomatis in young women are asymptomatic, 20% - 40% of these occult infections will progress from endocervical inflammation to the development of PID. In addition to its strong association with PID, C. trachomatis infection is also thought to enhance HIV transmission and contribute to human papilloma virus induced cervical neoplasia. Although data from both experimental models and clinical studies suggest that antigen specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are required for optimal control of genital tract chlamydial infections, the current lack of information regarding the specific C. trachomatis antigens eliciting protective immune responses in humans hinders vaccine development.

This is an exploratory investigation in which we will develop the methodology needed to identify the antigen-specific cell mediated immune responses most strongly associated with protection against incident C. trachomatis infection.
Participants in Part 1a (age greater than or equal to (\>=) 12 - less than (\<) 18 years) will receive a weight-based dose of guselkumab subcutaneously (SC) at Weeks 0, 4, and 12. Participants who are PASI 90 responders at Week 16 will not receive any additional doses of guselkumab until they lose \>=50% of their Week 16 PASI response, then they receive 1 dose guselkumab, followed by a dose 4 weeks later, and every 8 weeks (q8w) thereafter through Week 52. Participants who are PASI 90 non-responders at Week 16 will receive a placebo injection at Week 16 and continue to receive guselkumab q8w from Week 20 through Week 52. Participants who are eligible and willing to continue guselkumab may enter the Long Term Extension (LTE) Phase of the study. Part 1b (age \>= 6 - \<12 years) will follow the same dosing and commence after Part 1a data review.
The tissue damage caused by transient ischemic injury is an essential component of the pathogenesis of retinal ischemia, which mainly hinges on the degree and duration of interruption of the blood supply and the subsequent damage caused by tissue reperfusion. Some research indicated that the retinal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was related to reperfusion time.In this study, we screened the differentially expressed circRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs between the control and model group and at different reperfusion time (24h, 72h, and 7d) with the aid of whole transcriptome sequencing technology, and the trend changes in time-varying mRNA, lncRNA, circRNA were obtained by chronological analysis. Then, candidate circRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs were obtained as the intersection of differentially expression genes and trend change genes. Importance scores of the genes selected the key genes whose expression changed with the increase of reperfusion time. Also, the characteristic differentially expressed genes specific to the reperfusion time were analyzed, key genes specific to reperfusion time were selected to show the change in biological process with the increase of reperfusion time.As a result, 316 candidate mRNAs, 137 candidate lncRNAs, and 31 candidate circRNAs were obtained by the intersection of differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs with trend mRNAs, trend lncRNAs and trend circRNAs, 5 key genes (Cd74, RT1-Da, RT1-CE5, RT1-Bb, RT1-DOa) were selected by importance scores of the genes. The result of GSEA showed that key genes were found to play vital roles in antigen processing and presentation, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and the ribosome. A network included 4 key genes (Cd74, RT1-Da, RT1-Bb, RT1-DOa), 34 miRNAs and 48 lncRNAs, and 81 regulatory relationship axes, and a network included 4 key genes (Cd74, RT1-Da, RT1-Bb, RT1-DOa), 9 miRNAs and 3 circRNAs (circRNA_10572, circRNA_03219, circRNA_11359) and 12 regulatory relationship axes were constructed, the subcellular location, transcription factors, signaling network, targeted drugs and relationship to eye diseases of key genes were predicted. 1370 characteristic differentially expressed mRNAs (spec_24h mRNA), 558 characteristic differentially expressed mRNAs (spec_72h mRNA), and 92 characteristic differentially expressed mRNAs (spec_7d mRNA) were found, and their key genes and regulation networks were analyzed.In summary, we screened the differentially expressed circRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs between the control and model groups and at different reperfusion time (24h, 72h, and 7d). 5 key genes, Cd74, RT1-Da, RT1-CE5, RT1-Bb, RT1-DOa, were selected. Key genes specific to reperfusion time were selected to show the change in biological process with the increased reperfusion time. These results provided theoretical support and a reference basis for the clinical treatment.
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an organ-specific inflammatory disease and characterized by immune mediated destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, then lead to liver cirrhosis and eventually failure.Currently, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Novel treatment is urgently needed for patients who have an incomplete response to UDCA. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a promising tool for cell-based therapies of autoimmune diseases. To explore the therapeutic effect of MSCs for PBC, the investigators plan to conduct an open-label, randomized clinical trial. Patients with PBC will be enrolled and randomly divided into two groups which will receive MSCs and UDCA respectively. The investigators will evaluate the efficacy and safety of MSCs for PBC by comparison of symptom improvement, survival rate and side effects in the two groups.
The invention relates to a compound for preventing and controlling porcine virus diseases and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a compound for preventing and controlling porcine virus diseases. The compound is formed by mixing and preparing the following raw materials proportioned by weight portion: 1-5 portion(s) of porcine plasma protein powder and 1-3 portion(s) of astragutus pokysacharin. The compound has reasonable prescription and strong swine antivirus ability. The preparation method has advanced process, ensures the preparation to be stable and realizes long storage period. The drugs in the compound have extensive sources, have no side effect, difficultly generate the drug resistance and conform to the international health inspection standard. The compound is particularly suitable for treating infectious gastroenteritis diseases, atypical swine fever, rotavirus diseases, porcine epizootic diarrhea and other diseases.
In the study group (Group S), a guide wire will be inserted into the ETT before intubation and angled 100-120 degrees to the distal end (in the shape of a hockey stick). The angulation will not be sharp but slightly curved and the apex of the angulation will be 2.5-3 cm proximal from the distal end. The ETT will be positioned perpendicular to the face and inserted into the nostril. After the angled part of the ETT passes through the nostrils, it will be directed to caudally according to the angle given to the tip of the ETT. Meanwhile, the ETT will be moved as a whole to prevent the ETT tip from contacting the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. When the ETT tip reaches the oropharynx, the guidewire will be removed and the rest of the intubation will be completed as in the conventional method.
NSAIDs, including piroxicam, can cause serious skin adverse reactions such as exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which can be fatal. NSAIDs canalsocause fixed drug eruption (FDE). FDE may present as a more severe variant known as generalized bullous fixed drug eruption (GBFDE),whichcan be life-threatening. These serious events may occur without warning. Inform patients about the signs and symptoms of serious skin reactions, and to discontinue the use of piroxicam at the first appearance of skin rash or any other sign of hypersensitivity. Piroxicam is contraindicated in patients with previous serious skin reactions to NSAIDs [see Contraindications (4)] .
NEW MATERIAL:A monoclonal antibody against human transforming growth factor(TGF)-alpha characterized by a specific reactivity with the human TGF-alpha. USE:A reagent for immunologically purifying or measuring human TGF-alpha. PREPARATION:For example, recombinant human TGF-alpha is combined with an askalis extracted protein by the conventional method and administered together with a perfect Freunds adjuvant into a BALB/c mouse. The mouse is additionally immunized and after the final immunization, the splenic cell of the mouse is collected. The collected splenic cell is fused with a mouse myeloma cell and cultured in a HAT medium. The prepared hybridoma is screened to give a clone producing an antibody against the human TGF-alpha, which is cloned by a limiting dilution analysis method and grown in the abdominal cavity of a mouse to provide the anti-human TGF-alpha monoclonal antibody.
Due to oral doxycycline's virtually complete absorption, side effects of the lower bowel, particularly diarrhea, have been infrequent. The following adverse reactions have been observed in patients receiving tetracyclines:

Gastrointestinal: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis, inflammatory lesions (with monilial overgrowth) in the anogenital region, and pancreatitis. Hepatotoxicity has been reported rarely. These reactions have been caused by both the oral and parenteral administration of tetracyclines. Rare instances of esophagitis and esophageal ulcerations have been reported in patients receiving capsule and tablet forms of the drugs in the tetracycline class. Most of these patients took medications immediately before going to bed. (See  DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.) 

Skin: toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, maculopapular and erythematous rashes. Exfoliative dermatitis has been reported but is uncommon. Photosensitivity is discussed above. (See  WARNINGS.) 

Renal toxicity: Rise in BUN has been reported and is apparently dose related. (See  WARNINGS.) 

Immune: Hypersensitivity reactions including urticaria, angioneurotic edema, anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid purpura, serum sickness, pericarditis, exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus, and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS).

Blood: Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and eosinophilia have been reported.

Other: Bulging fontanels in infants and intracranial hypertension in adults. (See  WARNINGS.) 

When given over prolonged periods, tetracyclines have been reported to produce brown-black microscopic discoloration of the thyroid gland. No abnormalities of thyroid function studies are known to occur.