anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Peroperative oxygenation is one of the most important parameters in providing cerebral blood flow in intracranial surgeries. SpO2, which is included in standard monitoring, is used to show perioperative hypoxia. Although blood gas analysis used in the evaluation of hypoxia is the gold standard for measurement of oxygenation, it is invasive and impractical. For these reasons, oxygen reserve index (ORI) monitoring, which can detect hypoxia earlier than Spo2 measurement and does not require invasive procedures, is a valuable parameter. Patients with different Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) values may also have different susceptibility to hypoxia. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ORI monitoring in detecting hypoxia and its correlation with SPO2 in providing oxygenation in patients with different GCS values in intracranial surgery.

Method: 150 patients in the ASA I-II-III risk group between the ages of 18-80 who will undergo intracranial surgery by Brain and Nerve Surgery at Trakya University Medical Faculty Hospital will be included in the study. Patients who cannot insert a sensor due to finger deformity or hypoperfusion, intubation difficulty, who have cardiac or pulmonary disease, and preoperative anemia due to hemoglobinopathies will be excluded from the study. When the patients are taken to the operating table, they will be monitored and the input values will be recorded, and they will be divided into two different patient groups as GCS values (9-12) and (13-15). During intracranial surgery; ORI, blood gas, and SPO2 measurements will be recorded during baseline, induction, intubation, pin application, skin incision, craniotomy, dural opening, aneurysm clipping, bleeding control, pin removal, and skin closure. All hemodynamic parameters of the patients such as blood pressure, heart rate, SpO2, ORI, BIS (Bispectral index) values, oxygen saturation, Et CO2, SpO2;% during anesthesia, operation type, operation time, amounts of used anesthetic and analgesic agents, from anesthesia document, will be saved from files and monitors. Postoperative recovery scores (Modified Alderate scoring), VAS values on the first day (1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hours) and analgesics used, time of first postoperative analgesia use and developing complications will be recorded.

Statistics: The suitability of the data to the normal distribution will be examined with the one-sample Kolmogorov Smirnov Test. Student's t-test will be used to compare the quantitative values with normal distribution between the groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test will be used to compare those that do not show normal distribution.
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system, characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration, which has a profound impact on the quality of life. Dysregulated inflammatory processes are a major driver of MS progression, with many areas of research being dedicated to modulating inflammation in people with MS. Several dietary patterns have been associated with improvements in inflammatory biomarkers; although, the findings have been inconsistent. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effects of dietary interventions on inflammatory markers in adults with MS.
METHODS: Electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane/Central, will be searched. Screening, selection, and extraction of data, along with quality assessment of included studies, will be done by two separate reviewers, and any potential conflicts will be settled through discussion. Two reviewers will independently assess the risk of bias in included studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. If plausible, the results will be synthesized and pooled for meta-analysis. The overall quality of evidence of each study will be evaluated using the NutriGRADE tool, which is a modification to the Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) developed specifically for nutrition research.
DISCUSSION: Studies have demonstrated conflicting results regarding the effects of dietary interventions on serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers among people with MS. Thus, it is expected that the planned systematic review and meta-analysis will yield robust evidence on the effects of diet on inflammatory profile in the setting of MS.
No dose or a single dose of LUM015 (0.5 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg) will be administered by intravenous injection between 2 to 6 hours prior to surgery. The dose administered in Phase B will be determined based on results of Phase A. All subjects will have intraoperative imaging using the LUM 2.6 Imaging Device.
###  Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions

Prolonged use of opioid analgesics during pregnancy for medical or nonmedical purposes can result in physical dependence in the neonate and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome shortly after birth. Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome presents as irritability, hyperactivity and abnormal sleep pattern, high pitched cry, tremor, vomiting, diarrhea, and failure to gain weight. The onset, duration, and severity of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome vary based on the specific opioid used, duration of use, timing and amount of last maternal use, and rate of elimination of the drug by the newborn. Observe newborns for symptoms of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and manage accordingly [see WARNINGS]. 

###  Labor or Delivery

Opioids cross the placenta and may produce respiratory depression and psycho-physiologic effects in neonates. An opioid antagonist, such as naloxone, must be available for reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression in the neonate. Levorphanol Tartrate Tablets are not recommended for use in pregnant women during or immediately prior to labor, when other analgesic techniques are more appropriate. Opioid analgesics, including Levorphanol Tartrate Tablets can prolong labor through actions which temporarily reduce the strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions. However, this effect is not consistent and may be offset by an increased rate of cervical dilation, which tends to shorten labor. 

Monitor neonates exposed to opioid analgesics during labor for signs of excess sedation and respiratory depression. 

###  Animal Data

In a published study, levorphanol has been shown to cause central nervous system malformations consistent with neural tube defects (kinking of the spinal cord, hydromyelia, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and brachyury) in pregnant mice when given a single subcutaneous dose of 25 mg/kg (10 times the human daily dose of 12 mg/day based on a body surface area comparison) on Gestation Day 9. Subcutaneous administration of 30 mg/kg levorphanol to pregnant mice on Gestation Day 9 resulted in approximately 50% mortality of the mouse embryos (12 times the human daily dose of 12 mg/day). 

In another published study, male mice were injected subcutaneously twice daily with increasing daily doses of levorphanol up to 42 mg/kg/day (34 times the human daily dose of 12 mg based on body surface area) for 5.5 to 8.5 days prior to mating with an untreated female. Paternal exposure to levorphanol resulted in reduced birth weights of the litters, developmental delays in the offspring, and aberrant swim patterns in the progeny when measured at 6.5 to 8.5 weeks of age.
Drug: Y peginterferon Alfa-2b 180 micrograms sc/week for 96 weeks; Drug: Entecavir and or adefovir dipivoxil are used for 48 weeks. Entecavir 0.5mg po daily for 48 weeks or plus ADV 10mg po daily.
OBJECTIVE: Given its key homeostatic role affecting mitochondria, ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, and voltage-gated ion channels, sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) represents an interesting target for epilepsy management. Antiseizure effects of the positive allosteric modulator E1R have already been reported in acute seizure models. Although modulation of serotonergic neurotransmission is considered the main mechanism of action of fenfluramine, its interaction with Sig1R may be of additional relevance.
METHODS: To further explore the potential of Sig1R as a target, we assessed the efficacy and tolerability of E1R and fenfluramine in two chronic mouse models, including an amygdala kindling paradigm and the intrahippocampal kainate model. The relative contribution of the interaction with Sig1R was analyzed using combination experiments with the Sig1R antagonist NE-100.
RESULTS: Whereas E1R exerted pronounced dose-dependent antiseizure effects at well-tolerated doses in fully kindled mice, only limited effects were observed in response to fenfluramine, without a clear dose dependency. In the intrahippocampal kainate model, E1R failed to influence electrographic seizure activity. In contrast, fenfluramine significantly reduced the frequency of electrographic seizure events and their cumulative duration. Pretreatment with NE-100 reduced the effects of E1R and fenfluramine in the kindling model. Surprisingly, pre-exposure to NE-100 in the intrahippocampal kainate model rather enhanced and prolonged fenfluramine's antiseizure effects.
SIGNIFICANCE: In conclusion, the kindling data further support Sig1R as an interesting target for novel antiseizure medications. However, it is necessary to further explore the preclinical profile of E1R in chronic epilepsy models with spontaneous seizures. Despite the rather limited effects in the kindling paradigm, the findings from the intrahippocampal kainate model suggest that it is of interest to further assess a possible broad-spectrum potential of fenfluramine.
Volume overload in peritoneal dialysis patients is a common issue that can lead to poor prognosis. We employed a group trajectory model to categorize volume load trajectories and examined the factors associated with each trajectory class to explore the impact of different trajectory groups on clinical prognosis and residual renal function (RRF). This single-center prospective cohort study included 214 patients on maintenance peritoneal dialysis within a tertiary hospital. The ratio of extracellular water to total body water was measured using Bioimpedance analysis. The SAS 9.4 PROC Traj procedure was used to examine the group-based trajectory of the patients. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of the associated factors to predict the trajectory class of participants. The average age of the included patients was 53.56 (SD: 11.77) years, with a male proportion of 46.7% and a median follow-up time of 6 months. The normal stable group accounted for 35.05% of the total population and maintained a normal and stable level, the moderate stable group accounted for 52.8% of the total population and showed a slightly higher and stable level, and the high fluctuation group accounted for 12.15% of the total population and showed a high and fluctuating level. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, diabetes, and albumin levels are significant factors influencing the categorization of volume load trajectories. There were statistically significant differences in both the technical survival rate and the loss of residual renal function among the three trajectory groups.
Pregnancy Category C. There are no well-controlled trials in pregnant women treated with DIFFERIN Lotion. Therefore, DIFFERIN Lotion should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with DIFFERIN Lotion. Furthermore, such studies are not always predictive of human response.

Human Data

In clinical trials involving DIFFERIN Lotion, 0.1% in the treatment of acne vulgaris, women of childbearing potential initiated treatment only after a negative pregnancy test. Two women became pregnant while using DIFFERIN Lotion, 0.1%. One patient delivered a healthy full term baby and the other patient electively terminated her pregnancy.

Animal Data

No teratogenic effects were observed in rats treated with oral doses of 0.15 to 5.0 mg adapalene/kg/day, up to 25 times (mg/m2/day) the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 2 grams of DIFFERIN Lotion. However, teratogenic changes were observed in rats and rabbits when treated with oral doses of ≥ 25 mg adapalene/kg/day representing 123 and 246 times MRHD, respectively. Findings included cleft palate, microphthalmia, encephalocele and skeletal abnormalities in rats; and umbilical hernia, exophthalmos and kidney and skeletal abnormalities in rabbits.

Dermal teratology studies conducted in rats and rabbits at doses of 0.6-6.0 mg adapalene/kg/day [25-59 times (mg/m2) the MRHD] exhibited no fetotoxicity and only minimal increases in supernumerary ribs in both species and delayed ossification in rabbits.

Systemic exposure (AUC 0-24h) to adapalene at topical doses (6.0 mg/kg/day) in rats represented 101 times the exposure to adapalene in patients with acne treated with DIFFERIN Lotion applied to the face, chest and back (2 grams applied to 1000 cm² of acne-involved skin).
This is a 3-part study to be conducted at a single study center. Part 1 is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose study. During the course of Part 1, each subject will participate in a screening phase, a baseline phase, a treatment phase and a follow up visit. There will be a total of 4 cohorts, each of which consists of a different dose level and/or dosing duration, with 8 or 9 subjects per cohort. In each cohort, 6 subjects will receive a dose of CC-220 and the remaining subjects will receive placebo depending on the randomization schedule. In 2 of the cohorts, study drug will be administered once daily for a total of 14 days. In the other 2 cohorts, study drug will be administered once daily for 28 days. In one of the 28-day dosing cohorts, 2 vaccinations (tetanus toxoid adsorbed and pneumococcal vaccinations) will also be administered on Day 14 of the 28-day dosing period to help characterize the effect of CC-220 on antibody responses. Part 2 is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to explore the effects of an alternative dosing schedule on the pharmacodynamics of CC-220. During the course of Part 2, each subject will participate in a screening phase, a baseline phase, a treatment phase and a follow up visit. There will be a total of 2 cohorts, each of which consists of a different dose level, with 9 subjects per cohort. In each cohort, 6 subjects will receive a dose of CC-220 and 3 subjects will receive placebo depending on the randomization schedule. The dosing frequency will be either once every 3 days for 14 days or once every 7 days for 28 days. Part 3 is a randomized, open-label, two-period, two-way crossover study to evaluate the relative bioavailability of one CC-220 formulated capsule, relative to two reference capsules, following a single oral dose of CC-220. During the course of Part 3, each subject will participate in a screening phase, a baseline phase, a treatment phase consisting of 2 periods, and a follow up visit. There will be one cohort consisting of a total of 12 subjects. In each study period, approximately 6 subjects will receive a single dose of CC-220 as one formulated capsule (test product) and approximately 6 subjects will receive a single dose of CC-220 as two reference capsules (reference product).
OBJECTIVES: I. Compare the effectiveness and duration of the benefit of placebo versus low dose megestrol versus high dose megestrol in the reduction of severe and/or frequent hot flashes in patients with previously treated invasive breast cancer. II. Document the effects of various dose levels of megestrol on atrophic vaginitis and dyspareunia in these patients. III. Evaluate the toxicity of this treatment in these patients.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to tamoxifen use (yes vs no), number of hot flashes per week (5-34 vs 35-63 vs more than 63), and duration of hot flashes (6 months or less vs longer than 6 months). Patients are randomized to one of three treatment arms. Arm I: Patients receive oral placebo daily. Arm II: Patients receive lower dose oral megestrol daily. Arm III: Patients receive higher dose oral megestrol daily. Patients who do not respond after 3 months of treatment receive an additional dose of oral megestrol daily. Treatment continues for a total of 6 months in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients are followed at 3 months.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 279 eligible patients (93 per arm) are expected to be accrued.
The invention discloses a preparation method of ibuprofen aminophenol injection. After a plenty of experiment researches, the researchers finally find a way to prepare the ibuprofen aminophenol injection. The preparation method comprises the steps of making ibuprofen and aminophenol into a compound, combining with proper accessories and making into injection. By making ibuprofen and aminophenol into a compound, the invention can solve the problem of the inferior water-solubility of the ibuprofen. Making the compound into injection brings convenience to the patient who can not take orally. Theinvention has fast effect and obvious pharmacological action.
BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, discomfort, and changes in bowel habits. The mechanism underlying IBS remains unclear, and little evidence exists for clarifying the causal relationship between blood metabolites and IBS.
METHODS: We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study using two samples. Exposure data for 7824 Europeans were extracted from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on metabolite levels. The IBS GWAS data from the GWAS database were used for the initial analysis. The primary analysis of causal relationships was conducted using inverse-variance weighting (IVW) with MR-Egger and weighted medians as supplementary analyses. Sensitivity analyses were performed using a combination of the Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, and leave-one-out analysis. For significant associations, replication and meta-analyses were performed using additional independent IBS case GWAS data released by the FinnGen Consortium R9. To identify the metabolites, score regression, confounding analysis, and reverse MR were performed to further assess the causal relationships between the metabolites.
RESULTS: After rigorous screening, we identified four known metabolites to be associated with IBS (stearate, odds ratio [OR]: 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-0.92; arginine, OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.07-1.74; 1-palmitoylglycerol, OR:1.49, 95% CI: 1.07-2.07; 1-palmitoylglycerophosphoinositol, OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71-0.99).
CONCLUSIONS: MR analysis revealed a causal relationship between the four metabolites and IBS, providing preliminary evidence for the pathogenesis of IBS. Our results provide novel insights into the potential biomarkers of IBS.
A placebo will be given for 30 days, twice daily. One pill will be provided with lunch and the other pill will be provided with dinner.
All ten patients will be receiving clazakizumab (Anti-IL-6 Monoclonal) monthly for six months. Then patients will be scheduled for six month protocol biopsy. If biopsy and all clinical labs show benefit or stability (up to PI discretion), patients will continue receiving clazakizumab monthly for another six months. All patients completing twelve doses of clazakizumab will be scheduled for a twelve month protocol biopsy and last study visit. If at the 6 month protocol biopsy, no improvement was seen, PI will have patient come for their last study visit on month 12 post enrollment.
The present invention is directed to the treatment of chronic pain that occurs in chronic disease such as chronic pancreatitis by the application, of the drug, resiniferatoxin, to a visceral organ, such as the stomach, which then reduces the pain present in a second visceral organ, such as the pancreas. The reduction of said pain associated with the chronic disease occurs through the drug-induced desensitization of primary pain-sensing neurons that are shared between the two visceral organs. Additionally, application of the drug resiniferatoxin into the first organ, reduces the inflammation that occurs in the second diseased organ. This modulation of shared nerve activity by application of resiniferatoxin, may also be directed to modulate the pain and inflammation in any two visceral organs that share a common spinal or vagal nerve. Finally, application of the drug resiniferatoxin to either the stomach or the jejunum may be used to treat disease and disorders that involve gastroparesis. The resiniferatoxin improves gastric emptying and reduces nausea, thus may be effective therapy for these conditions.
Morbid obesity is both highly heritable and affected by environmental factors. The child of a parent undergoing a weight-loss surgery (PWLS) is at especially high risk of obesity. The most effective approach to reducing the risk of childhood obesity is a parent-based program. However, adherence remains a challenge, largely due to lack of tailored interventions. Typical interventions are not individualized to target the unique characteristics of the family nor timed to be delivered when the family is geared for change. Parent-Based Prevention following a bariatric surgery (PBP-B) is a novel targeted intervention that focuses on parental behaviors important for developing healthy eating and lifestyle behaviors in young children. PBP-B personalizes treatment goals through a focused parent-based approach that includes a family meal. Additionally, PBP-B is timed to capitalize on the Halo Effect period, in which the BMIs of the family members of the person undergoing weight loss surgery reduce spontaneously, yet only temporarily.

This study will investigate whether PBP-B is feasible, acceptable, and associated with improvement in short-term outcomes that predict long term risks of obesity (e.g., parental feeding practices, child eating behaviors, child physical activity levels, and child sleep hours). Ten adults who had weight loss surgery and are the parents of one or more children aged 1-10 will receive PBP-B (with their partners, unless they are single parents). This study will collect important pilot data that will inform the design of future adequately powered studies to test ways to reduce the likelihood of adult obesity in children of a parent who had weight loss surgery.
BACKGROUND: Kimura's disease is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that is seen in people of Asian descent. It is characterized by head and neck subcutaneous nodules along with lymphadenopathy, which is usually solitary but can be generalized. It is diagnosed histopathologically by the proliferation of blood vessels and germinal centers in lymphoid follicles, along with variable degrees of fibrosis and extensive eosinophil infiltration. Its localized form is treated with surgical excision, while generalized lesions and those that do not respond to surgical excision can be managed with steroids or radiotherapy.
CASE: In this report, we present the first case of Kimura's disease in the Ethiopian literature in a 40-year-old Ethiopian man that presented with generalized pruritic subcutaneous nodules and lymphadenopathy, which were effectively managed with a tapering course of prednisolone, and a relapse that showed good sustained response with slow steroid taper.
CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that, even though it is very rare in the African continent, Kimura's disease is to be considered as a differential diagnosis for patients that present with subcutaneous nodules and lymphadenopathy. We also have demonstrated that relapses can be effectively managed with reinitiation of the same dose of steroids but with a very slow taper.
Subjects in group 1 receive placebo for tafenoquine and placebo for moxifloxacin on days 1 and 2. On day 3, subjects receive placebo for tafenoquine and 400mg moxifloxacin.