anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Humans

Fewer than 1 out of 1,000 patients reported euphoria in clinical trials with varenicline. At higher doses (greater than 2 mg), varenicline produced more frequent reports of gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and vomiting. There is no evidence of dose-escalation to maintain therapeutic effects in clinical studies, which suggests that tolerance does not develop. Abrupt discontinuation of varenicline was associated with an increase in irritability and sleep disturbances in up to 3% of patients. This suggests that, in some patients, varenicline may produce mild physical dependence which is not associated with addiction.

In a human laboratory abuse liability study, a single oral dose of 1 mg varenicline did not produce any significant positive or negative subjective responses in smokers. In non-smokers, 1 mg varenicline produced an increase in some positive subjective effects, but this was accompanied by an increase in negative adverse effects, especially nausea. A single oral dose of 3 mg varenicline uniformly produced unpleasant subjective responses in both smokers and non-smokers.

Animals

Studies in rodents have shown that varenicline produces behavioral responses similar to those produced by nicotine. In rats trained to discriminate nicotine from saline, varenicline produced full generalization to the nicotine cue. In self-administration studies, the degree to which varenicline substitutes for nicotine is dependent upon the requirement of the task. Rats trained to self-administer nicotine under easy conditions continued to self-administer varenicline to a degree comparable to that of nicotine; however in a more demanding task, rats self-administered varenicline to a lesser extent than nicotine. Varenicline pretreatment also reduced nicotine self- administration.
OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often precedes the onset of epileptic (ES) or psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) with depression being a common comorbidity. The relationship between depression severity and quality of life (QOL) may be related to resting-state network complexity. We investigated these relationships in adults with TBI-only, TBI + ES, or TBI + PNES using Sample Entropy (SampEn), a measure of physiologic signals complexity.
METHODS: Adults with TBI-only (n = 60), TBI + ES (n = 21), or TBI + PNES (n = 56) completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; depression symptom severity) and QOL in Epilepsy (QOLIE-31) assessments and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). SampEn values derived from six resting state functional networks were calculated per participant. Effects of group, network, and group-by-network-interactions for SampEn were investigated with a mixed-effects model. We examined relationships between BDI-II, QOL, and SampEn of each of the networks.
RESULTS: Groups did not differ in age, but there was a higher proportion of women with TBI + PNES (p = 0.040). TBI + ES and TBI-only groups did not differ in BDI-II or QOLIE-31 scores, while the TBI + PNES group scored worse on both measures. The fixed effects of the model revealed significant differences in SampEn values across networks (lower SampEn for the frontoparietal network compared to other networks). The likelihood ratio test for group-by-network-interactions was significant (p = 0.033). BDI-II was significantly negatively associated with Overall QOL scale scores in all groups, and significantly negatively associated with network SampEn values only in the TBI + PNES group.
SIGNIFICANCE: Only TBI + PNES had significant relationships between depression symptom severity and network SampEn values indicating that the resting state network complexity is related to depression severity in this group but not in TBI + ES or TBI-only.
PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: The brain has a complex network of internal connections. How well these connections work may be affected by TBI and seizures and may underlie mental health symptoms including depression; the worse the depression, the worse the quality of life. Our study compared brain organization in people with TBI, people with epilepsy after TBI, and people with nonepileptic seizures after TBI. Only people with nonepileptic seizures after TBI showed a relationship between how organized their brain connections were and how bad was their depression. We need to better understand these relationships to develop more impactful, effective treatments.
Medicines against viral hepatitis B, viral hepatitis ''non A, non B'' and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are prepared by extracting simultaneously in boiling water or aqueous medium the following parts of the following plants: Andrographis paniculata: leaves; branches; roots. Cyclea barbata: leaves. Morinda citrifolia: fruits and kernels. Merremia mammosa: tubercules. Curcuma domestica: rhizomes. Curcuma xanthorrhiza: rhizomes. The thus obtained liquid extracts can be administered orally or be used for the preparation of other medical forms. These medicines have a beneficial effect in view of the purification of the blood and elimination of infectious agents within the whole organism.
The SCM (structuredness of cytoplasmic matrix) test is a means of distinguishing lymphocytes isolated from mammalian donors, including humans, afflicted with cancer from lymphocytes isolated from donors free of malignancy. The test comprises contacting the lymphocytes with a challenging agent and then observing a decrease in the structuredness of the cytoplasmic matrix in lymphocyte from donors with cancer; lymphocytes from donors without cancer show no decrease in structuredness. Preferably the decrease in structuredness is quantified by measuring the fluorescence polarization for an extrinsic fluor added to the cells and observing a decrease in fluorescence polarization after lymphocytes from a donor with cancer have been contacted with a challenging agent. Among the challenging agents useful in the SCM test are several synthetic peptides which are the subject of the present invention. These peptides, of which two have the amino acid sequences Phe-Trp-Gly-Ala-Gly-Gln-Arg (I) and Phe-Trp-Gly-Ala-Glu-Gly-Gln-Arg (II), react with lymphocytes from donors with any type of malignancy. Also among the aspects of the present invention are several other peptides expected to have SCM activity because of their close structural relationship to peptides I and II, methods of using the synthetic SCM-active peptides in tests for the presence or absence of malignancy, antibodies specifically binding the synthetic peptides, including monoclonal antibodies, and genetic probes consisting of DNA sequences corresponding to the amino acid sequences of the synthetic SCM-active peptides.
OBJECTIVE: Assessing unclear biliary strictures is challenging. We analyzed the diagnostic performance of radiology, EUS, and ERCP.
METHODS: All patients referred for EUS and ERCP to assess an unclear biliary stricture were prospectively included. The data from radiology, EUS, ERCP, and tissue sampling were recorded. The diagnostic modalities were analyzed separately and in combination, with a focus on PSC.
RESULTS: Between 2013 and 2020, 78 patients were included; 31% had PSC. A cholangioscopy was not performed in this study. The final diagnosis indicated that the biliary stricture was benign in 62% of the patients and malignant in 38%. The differences among the modalities were numerical, not significant. The modalities showed an accuracy between 78 and 83% in all the patients and between 75 and 83% in the patients with PSC. The combination of radiology and EUS showed the highest sensitivity of 94% in all the patients and a sensitivity of 100% in PSC. Tissue sampling showed the highest specificity of 93% in all patients and 89% in PSC. In 22 cases with combined EUS, ERCP, and tissue sampling, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 82%, 70%, and 92%, respectively. Minor differences were observed between the intention-to-diagnose analysis and the per-protocol analysis. Adverse events were recorded in 4% of cases.
CONCLUSION: The combination of EUS and ERCP with tissue sampling seems to be useful and safe for excluding malignancy in unclear biliary strictures. In cases with a reduced suspicion of malignancy, radiology with an EUS may be sufficient.
Treatment As Usual (TAU) in Primary Care (PC) is any kind of treatment administered by the GP to the patient with overweight and obesity. According to nutritional status, overweight or obesity, as well as the presence of co-morbidity, different actions can comprise the treatment offered at a PC level. For individuals presenting with overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) but with no co-morbidities, PC teams organise care plans to enable them to achieve a normal BMI range (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). In case of suicide risk, severe social dysfunction or worsening of symptoms, it is recommended that patients are referred to mental health facilities.
FIELD: medicine. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely cardiology, physiotherapy. The method involves mineral water intake, underwater treatment, transcranial electrostimulation and radon balneotherapy. The mineral water intake is carried out from the first day of an adaptation period, daily for 21 days. Low-mineral hydrocarbonate sodium-calcium faintly acid carbonic acidulous arsenical boric 'Chvizhepse' water is taken. The water is taken 150 ml 3 times a day, 40 minutes before meals at water temperature 15-18C. The underwater treatment and transcranial electrostimulation procedures are conducted every second day starting from the fourth day. The underwater treatment procedure is to be followed by the transcranial electrostimulation 2-3 hours later. The electrostimulation is conducted with the TRANSAIR-01 apparatus using rectangular electric pulses of frequency up to 70 Hz and duration 3.5 m/s, at current intensity 4 mA. The duration of the first procedure is 15-20 minutes, while the second and following procedures last for 30 minutes. The radon balneotherapy is represented by general baths every second day starting from the fifth day. The bath duration is 6-8-10-12-15 minutes at water temperature 36C. ^ EFFECT: method provides higher therapeutic effectiveness, stabilises the clinical course and reduces a risk of ischemic heart disease complications due to activated adaptability, stimulated activity of the vegetative nervous system, normalised coronary myocardial reserves and intracardial haemodynamics, improved myocardial contractility, corrected dislipidemia, normalised lipid peroxidation, enhanced antioxidant and coagulation systems, corrected arterial hypertension with ensuring a target blood pressure level, higher physical activity tolerance. ^ 2 ex, 12 tbl
Abacavir: There is no known antidote for abacavir. It is not known whether abacavir can be removed by peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis.

Lamivudine: One case of an adult ingesting 6 grams of lamivudine was reported; there were no clinical signs or symptoms noted and hematologic tests remained normal. It is not known whether lamivudine can be removed by peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis.

Zidovudine: Acute overdoses of zidovudine have been reported in pediatric patients and adults. These involved exposures up to 50 grams. The only consistent findings were nausea and vomiting. Other reported occurrences included headache, dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, and confusion. Hematologic changes were transient. All patients recovered. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis appear to have a negligible effect on the removal of zidovudine, while elimination of its primary metabolite, 3′-azido-3′-deoxy-5′-O-β-D-glucopyranuronosylthymidine (GZDV), is enhanced.
The increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration is a significant factor in triggering global warming. CO2 is essential for plant photosynthesis, but excessive CO2 can negatively impact photosynthesis and its associated physiological and biochemical processes. The tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L., a superior and improved variety, exhibits high tolerance to abiotic stress. In this study, we investigated the physiological and proteomic response mechanisms of the tetraploid R. pseudoacacia under high CO2 treatment. The results of our physiological and biochemical analyses revealed that a 5% high concentration of CO2 hindered the growth and development of the tetraploid R. pseudoacacia and caused severe damage to the leaves. Additionally, it significantly reduced photosynthetic parameters such as Pn, Gs, Tr, and Ci, as well as respiration. The levels of chlorophyll (Chl a and b) and the fluorescent parameters of chlorophyll (Fm, Fv/Fm, qP, and ETR) also significantly decreased. Conversely, the levels of ROS (H2O2 and O2·-) were significantly increased, while the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GR, and APX) were significantly decreased. Furthermore, high CO2 induced stomatal closure by promoting the accumulation of ROS and NO in guard cells. Through a proteomic analysis, we identified a total of 1652 DAPs after high CO2 treatment. GO functional annotation revealed that these DAPs were mainly associated with redox activity, catalytic activity, and ion binding. KEGG analysis showed an enrichment of DAPs in metabolic pathways, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and photosynthetic pathways. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the adaptation mechanisms of the tetraploid R. pseudoacacia to high CO2.
Bleomycin for use in the treatment and/or prevention of hair loss. The bleomycin is preferably bleomycin A2 and bleomycin B2. Also claimed is a composition comprising bleomycin for use in the treatment and/or prevention of hair loss. Said composition may further comprise a topical carrier for the bleomycin wherein the carrier may be a lipid and surfactant forming a liposome, lipid emulsion or lipid nanoparticle. Most preferably, the surfactant is cholate. The bleomycin may be present in in the composition from 0.01 wt.% to 10 percent by weight. The composition may be applied from once to thrice a day for a period of between one day and one year. The hair loss may be caused by alopecia, male-pattern baldness or vitamin or mineral deficiencies. Also claimed is a non-therapeutic method for promoting hair generation or hair growth comprising administering a composition comprising bleomycin to an area where the promotion of hair is desired.
As the second most common malignant tumor in the urinary system, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is imperative to explore its early diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Numerous studies have shown that AURKB promotes tumor development by phosphorylating downstream substrates. However, the functional effects and regulatory mechanisms of AURKB on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) progression remain largely unknown. In the current study, we identified AURKB as a novel key gene in ccRCC progression based on bioinformatics analysis. Meanwhile, we observed that AURKB was highly expressed in ccRCC tissue and cell lines and knockdown AURKB in ccRCC cells inhibit cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. Identified CDC37 as a kinase molecular chaperone for AURKB, which phenocopy AURKB in ccRCC. AURKB/CDC37 complex mediate the stabilization of MYC protein by directly phosphorylating MYC at S67 and S373 to promote ccRCC development. At the same time, we demonstrated that the AURKB/CDC37 complex activates MYC to transcribe CCND1, enhances Rb phosphorylation, and promotes E2F1 release, which in turn activates AURKB transcription and forms a positive feedforward loop in ccRCC. Collectively, our study identified AURKB as a novel marker of ccRCC, revealed a new mechanism by which the AURKB/CDC37 complex promotes ccRCC by directly phosphorylating MYC to enhance its stability, and first proposed AURKB/E2F1-positive feedforward loop, highlighting AURKB may be a promising therapeutic target for ccRCC.
The invention discloses a formula Chinese herbal medicine for treating emphysema and silicosis, belonging to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine. The formula contains the following components in parts by mass: 10-30 parts of honeysuckle, 5-15 parts of radix pseudostellariae, 2-8 parts of bletilla striata and 30-60 parts of herba violae. The formula Chinese herbal medicine disclosed by the invention is decocted into decoction or made into tablets or granules; and each dose of decoction weighs 50-80g and is taken for 5-10 times in total and 2-4 times each day, and 2 doses are taken in one treatment course. Through multiple cases of clinical treatment, the formula Chinese herbal medicine realizes a good treatment effect on emphysema and silicosis; and with temperance and smoking cessation and coordination treatment, the emphysema and silicosis can be basically cured. For a short-term emphysema patient, one dose takes effect, and the patient recovers in 1-2 treatment courses. For an emphysema patient with long-term treatment history, one treatment course takes effect, and the patient recovers in 4-5 treatment courses.
BACKGROUND: Remote monitoring (RM) of cardiac implantable electronic devices for adults offers improved treatment efficacy and, consequently, better patient clinical outcomes. There is scant data on the value and prognosis of RM in the pediatric population.
AIMS: The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of RM by analyzing the connectivity of bedside transmitters, adherence to planned automatic follow-ups, and occurrence of alert-based events.
METHODS: We evaluated the pediatric population with implanted pacemakers for congenital AV block or after surgically corrected congenital heart diseases.
RESULTS: A total of 69 patients were included in our study. The median (Q1-Q3) patient age was 6.0 (2.0-11.0) years. All patients received bedside transmitters and were enrolled in the RM system. Among them, 95.7% of patients had their first scheduled follow-up successfully sent. Patients were followed up remotely over a median time of 33.0 (13-45) months. Only 42% of patients were continuously monitored, and all scheduled transmissions were delivered on time. Further analysis revealed that 34.8% of patients missed transmissions between June and September (holiday season). Alert-based events were observed in 40.6% patients, mainly related to epicardial lead malfunction and arrhythmic events. Overall compliance was also compromised by socioeconomic factors.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are in concordance with recently published results by PACES regarding a high level of compliance in patient enrollment to RM and time to initial transmission. However, a lower level of adherence was observed during the holiday season due to interrupted connectivity of bedside transmitters. Importantly, a relatively low occurrence of alert transmissions was observed, mainly related to epicardial lead malfunction and arrhythmic events.
BACKGROUND: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is commonly used during cardiac surgery with a cardiopulmonary bypass to prevent blood clotting. However, empirical administration of UFH leads to variable responses. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling can be used to optimize UFH dosing and perform real-time individualization. In previous studies, many factors that could influence UFH pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics had not been taken into account such as hemodilution or the type of UFH. Few covariates were identified probably owing to a lack of statistical power. This study aims to address these limitations through a meta-analysis of individual data from two studies.
METHODS: An individual patient data meta-analysis was conducted using data from two single-center prospective observational studies, where different UFH types were used for anticoagulation. A pharmacodynamic/pharmacodynamic model of UFH was developed using a non-linear mixed-effects approach. Time-varying covariates such as hemodilution and fluid infusions during a cardiopulmonary bypass were considered.
RESULTS: Activities of UFH's anti-activated factor/anti-thrombin were best described by a two-compartment model. Unfractionated heparin clearance was influenced by body weight and the specific UFH type. Volume of distribution was influenced by body weight and pre-operative fibrinogen levels. Pharmacodynamic data followed a log-linear model, accounting for the effect of hemodilution and the pre-operative fibrinogen level. Equations were derived from the model to personalize UFH dosing based on the targeted activated clotting time level and patient covariates.
CONCLUSIONS: The population model effectively characterized UFH's pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in cardiopulmonary bypass patients. This meta-analysis incorporated new covariates related to UFH's pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, enabling personalized dosing regimens. The proposed model holds potential for individualization using a Bayesian estimation.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an acetaldehyde metabolism promoting agent and medicines or food products effective for preventing and ameliorating the symptom of sick from drinking and hangover by promoting the metabolism of acetaldehyde.  <P>SOLUTION: The acetaldehyde metabolism promoting agent contains phytic acid and/or its salt and myo-inositol as active components. The medicine and food product effective for preventing and ameliorating the symptom of sick from drinking and hangover contain each phytic acid and/or its salt and myo-inositol as active components. The phytic acid and/or its salt can be obtained as a synthesized material or from an extract of wheat embryo, rice embryo, soybean, corn, or the like. The myo-inositol is produced by decomposing phytic acid and/or its salt.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate:  The pharmacokinetic properties of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate are summarized in Table 4. Following oral administration of VIREAD, maximum tenofovir serum concentrations are achieved in 1.0 ± 0.4 hour. In vitro binding of tenofovir to human plasma proteins is <0.7% and is independent of concentration over the range of 0.01–25 µg/mL. Approximately 70–80% of the intravenous dose of tenofovir is recovered as unchanged drug in the urine. Tenofovir is eliminated by a combination of glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. Following a single oral dose of VIREAD, the terminal elimination half-life of tenofovir is approximately 17 hours.
Benign ureteral stricture refers to a urinary tract obstruction caused by a partial or full ureteral lumen that is less normal than normal. It can lead to urinary dilatation, water accumulation, and renal colic in the upper segment of the stenosis. If treat not in time, it will affect renal function and even causes irreversible kidney failure.In recent years, with the development of endoscopic techniques, it provides a cost-effective and less invasive treatment for the treatment of ureteral stricture. In recent years, with the development of endoscopic techniques, it has provided a cost-effective and less invasive treatment for the treatment of ureteral stricture, and has achieved satisfactory results. Therefore, more and more urologists choose to treat ureteral stricture under endoscopy. The techniques of urinary endoscopic treatment of benign ureteral stricture include ureteral balloon dilatation, ureteral holmium laser incision, and ureteral stent implantation. Among them, the ureteral balloon dilatation technique is characterized by the use of a balloon to uniformly force the ureteral wall, tearing the narrow scar tissue, expanding the inner diameter of the ureter, recanalizing the urinary tract, and alleviating hydronephrosis. It have been reported with less complications and simple procedure. However, there's still no consensus on its treatment indication，procedure standards and curative effect. This study is designed to treat benign ureteral stricture with balloon dilatation through prospective multicenter studies. It aims to indications, procedure standards, and therapeutic effects of balloon dilation, and provide further guidance for endoscopic treatment of benign ureteral stricture.