anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution for fluid and electrolyte replenishment in single dose containers for intravenous administration. It contains no antimicrobial agents. Composition, osmolarity, pH, ionic concentration and caloric content are shown in Table 1.

The VIAFLEX plastic container is fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinyl chloride (PL 146 Plastic). The amount of water that can permeate from inside the container into the overwrap is insufficient to affect the solution significantly. Solutions in contact with the plastic container can leach out certain of its chemical components in very small amounts within the expiration period, e.g., di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), up to 5 parts per million. However, the safety of the plastic has been confirmed in tests in animals according to USP biological tests for plastic containers as well as by tissue culture toxicity studies.
Participants received 4 weeks of PEG2b/RBV followed by 24 or 44 weeks of boceprevir plus PEG2b/RBV depending on Hepatitis C Virus RNA (HCV-RNA) levels. Participants continued with this treatment if their serum hemoglobin remained \>10 g/dL throughout the 28- or 48-week treatment period.
This is a randomized (assigned by chance), open-label (all people know the identity of the intervention), active-controlled, parallel-group (a medical research study comparing the response in two or more groups of participants receiving different treatments), multicenter (when more than one hospital or medical school team work on a medical research study) comparative study in participants with schizophrenia. This study comprises a screening period of not more than 7 days and a 13-week open-label treatment period. Paliperidone palmitate will be administered as intramuscular injection (injection of a substance into a muscle) of 150 milligram equivalent (mg eq.) at baseline, 100 mg eq. at Day 8, flexible dose on Day 36 (50 or 100 mg eq.) and on Day 64 (50, 100 or 150 mg eq.) depending on investigator's discretion. Risperidone LAI will be administered at a dose of 25 mg at Day 8 and Day 22, flexible dose on Day 36 (25 or 37.5 mg) and Day 64 (25, 37.5, or 50 mg). Dose on Day 50 is the same as Day 36 and dose on Day 78 is the same as Day 64. Participants will receive oral risperidone tablets (1 to 6 mg/day) for the first 4 weeks of the open-label treatment period. Each participant may receive oral risperidone tablets (1 to 2 mg daily) for up to 3 weeks at Day 36 and Day 64 if the dose of risperidone LAI was increased on Day 36 and Day 64. Efficacy will primarily be assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Participants' safety will also be assessed.
The invention discloses preparation and in-vitro antineoplastic activity of biomolecule-based folic acid-cobalt ion coordination polymer nanotubes (FA-Co NTs) and application of the FA-Co NTs as an antineoplastic chemotherapeutic drug carrier. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) dispersing folic acid and cobalt chloride in an ethanol water solution, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a turbid liquid A; 2) transferring A into a reaction kettle, and preheating to obtain a turbid liquid B; 3) dropwisely adding hydrazine hydrate into B, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a slurry C; and 4) carrying out reaction on C under solvothermal conditions to obtain the FA-Co NTs. The FA-Co NTs synthesis method is simple and convenient, has favorable reproducibility, and can implement folic acid receptor targeting by using folic acid molecules as a framework. The in-vitro cell experiment proves that the NTs have certain antineoplastic activity, but have lower toxicity for normal cells. The NTs have clear orifices and obvious hollow structure, and can be used for carrying multiple antineoplastic drugs. The FA-Co NTs can be used a potential antineoplastic nano drug and drug carrier.
Epidemiological delays are key quantities that inform public health policy and clinical practice. They are used as inputs for mathematical and statistical models, which in turn can guide control strategies. In recent work, we found that censoring, right truncation, and dynamical bias were rarely addressed correctly when estimating delays and that these biases were large enough to have knock-on impacts across a large number of use cases. Here, we formulate a checklist of best practices for estimating and reporting epidemiological delays. We also provide a flowchart to guide practitioners based on their data. Our examples are focused on the incubation period and serial interval due to their importance in outbreak response and modeling, but our recommendations are applicable to other delays. The recommendations, which are based on the literature and our experience estimating epidemiological delay distributions during outbreak responses, can help improve the robustness and utility of reported estimates and provide guidance for the evaluation of estimates for downstream use in transmission models or other analyses.
The invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicines, and discloses a medicine for external application for treating viral and immunological diseases and a preparing method thereof. The medicine comprises 1-8 parts by weight of blister beetle, 0.5-6 parts by weight of pearl, 1-7 parts by weight of stiff silkworm, 1-8 parts by weight of amber, 0.5-6 parts by weight of croton fruit, 1-8 parts by weight of vermilion, 1-8 parts by weight of mulberry fruit and 1-10 parts by weight of honey. The medicine has good medicine effects by utilization of composition of a plurality of medicines, is reasonable in compatibility, and has obvious effects for treating viral and immunological diseases. The medicine is rapid in production of desired effects, simple and convenient in medicine taking, good in curative effects, extremely low in recurrence rate, short in treating course, and free of pain for patients. The effective rate of the medicine reaches 100%. The medicine has good treating effects especially for lupus erythematosus, hepatitis, encephalitis, nephritis, and the like. Through treating an internal illness by external treatment, the medicine eliminates cold, dampness, pathogenic factors and toxins , increases qi and blood energy, regulates the yin-yang balance and has functions of alleviating the symptoms of illness and effecting a permanent cure.
Fernandoa adenophylla, due to the presence of phytochemicals, has various beneficial properties and is used in folk medicine to treat many conditions. This study aimed to isolate indanone derivative from F. adenophylla root heartwood and assess in-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic characteristics at varying concentrations. Heat-induced hemolysis and glucose uptake by yeast cells assays were conducted to evaluate these properties. Besides, docking analyses were performed on four molecular targets. These studies were combined with molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the time-evolving inhibitory effect of selected inhibitors within the active pockets of the target proteins (COX-1 and COX-2). Indanone derivative (10-100 µM) inhibited the lysis of human red blood cells from 9.12 ± 0.75 to 72.82 ± 4.36% and, at 5-100 µM concentrations, it significantly increased the yeast cells' glucose uptake (5.16 ± 1.28% to 76.59 ± 1.62%). Concluding, the isolated indanone might act as an anti-diabetic agent by interacting with critical amino acid residues of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and it showed a binding affinity with anti-inflammatory targets COX-1, COX-2, and TNF-α. Besides, the obtained results may help to consider the indanone derivative isolated from F. adenophylla as a promising candidate for drug delivery, subject to outcomes of further in vivo and clinical studies.
Migraine is a complex, common and debilitating neurological disorder. It affects approximately 17% of women and 8% of men in Europe and yet, its primary pathogenic mechanisms are still largely unknown. Various lines of research suggest that brain energy metabolism abnormalities are likely to be part of migraine pathophysiology. Specifically, there is some evidence for reversible abnormalities in mitochondrial functioning in migraine. For example, treatment with riboflavin and coenzyme Q10 has been shown to have migraine protective effects, probably via a positive effect on energy metabolism. Lactic and pyruvic acid, markers of mitochondrial (mt) disease, have been found to be increased in migraineurs; 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) patterns seen in migraine are consistent with what is seen in mitochondrial disorders; cytochrome oxidase (COX)-negative fibres typical of mt diseases have also been seen in some patients with migraine. A break-down of the resting membrane potential due to lack of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) could explain cortical abnormalities in excitability, which have been reported in migraine. Despite causing a huge amount of suffering and a substantial amount of costs for society current migraine treatment options are limited. None of the prophylactic agents licensed to date are migraine-specific and most are associated with significant- sometimes intolerable- side-effects. Furthermore, their migraine-preventive properties are moderate at most. Hence, there is a need for developing alternative anti-migraine therapies. Several case studies and a first proof of concept study have demonstrated a reduction in migraine attack frequency, severity and use of acute anti-migraine medication during ketosis - with effects sizes ranging from total absence of attacks to a reduction to 1/5th of the run-in period. In addition, preliminary evidence suggests that the migraine-protective effect may outlast the duration of ketosis. This might be a result of longer-lasting gene-expression changes. However, a strict ketogenic diet (KD) is unlikely to provide a feasible long-term solution for episodic migraine patients, because it is difficult to implement in an ambulatory setting and patient adherence may be limited. An alternative means to induce a state of mild to medium nutritional ketosis (0.4-1 mmol/l), irrespective of blood glucose levels, is the dietary supplementation with ketogenic substances, such as beta-hydroxybutyrate (bHB) salts (and unpublished observations). This approach could be easily implemented with intake of a ketogenic powder dissolved in water (consisting of a calcium-magnesium-bHB salt) three times a day (with or after a meal). This nutritional intervention seems much more feasible than a KD in larger patient populations and avoids the complications of a very restricted high-fat diet.
Nausea and vomiting may occur within the first few months of therapy with azathioprine tablets, and occurred in approximately 12% of 676 rheumatoid arthritis patients. The frequency of gastric disturbance often can be reduced by administration of the drug in divided doses and/or after meals. However, in some patients, nausea and vomiting may be severe and may be accompanied by symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, malaise, and myalgias (see PRECAUTIONS). Vomiting with abdominal pain may occur rarely with a hypersensitivity pancreatitis. Hepatotoxicity manifest by elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and/or serum transaminases is known to occur following azathioprine use, primarily in allograft recipients. Hepatotoxicity has been uncommon (less than 1%) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Hepatotoxicity following transplantation most often occurs within 6 months of transplantation and is generally reversible after interruption of azathioprine tablets. A rare, but life-threatening hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with chronic administration of azathioprine has been described in transplant patients and in one patient receiving azathioprine tablets for panuveitis. 11, 12, 13 Periodic measurement of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin is indicated for early detection of hepatotoxicity. If hepatic veno-occlusive disease is clinically suspected, azathioprine tablets should be permanently withdrawn.
OBJECTIVE: The escalating prevalence of chronic pain poses a substantial socio-economic burden. Chronic pain primarily stems from musculoskeletal and nervous system impairments. Given cadmium's known toxicity to these systems, our study sought to investigate the correlation between blood cadmium levels and chronic pain.
METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2004), and comprised US adults who participated in a chronic pain interview. We employed logistic regression models and smooth curve fitting to elucidate the relationship between blood cadmium levels and chronic pain.
RESULTS: Our findings revealed a linear association between blood cadmium levels and chronic pain. Compared to the lower blood cadmium tertile 1 (<0.3 ug/dL), the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for tertile 2 (0.3-0.4 ug/dL), and tertile 3 (≥0.5 ug/dL), were 1.11 (0.96-1.29) and 1.2 (1.03-1.39), respectively. Sensitivity analyses corroborated these results.
CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of blood cadmium are associated with a heightened risk of chronic pain among adults in the United States. Mitigating cadmium exposure could potentially decrease the risk of chronic pain, thereby enhancing strategies for chronic pain prevention and management.
A total of 455 subjects will be evaluated by two rounds of tests with both abbreviated MRI (AMRI) and dynamic CT to detect the occurrence of secondary HCC. These two imaging tests are planned to be performed twice, with a basic interval of 16 weeks between tests. However, considering the clinical practice of varying the imaging intervals based on the patient's risk level, the actual interval between tests can range from 4 to 8 months. If a suspicious lesion indicative of HCC is detected during the study, a recall examination using complete MRI will be performed within 3 months. If the recall examination does not confirm the diagnosis, a contrast-enhanced ultrasound or biopsy will be conducted. The diagnosis of HCC will be made based on international guidelines, with a histological confirmation or classification as Liver Imaging-Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) category 5. After the completion of the two evaluation rounds, at least 6 months of clinical follow-up data will be collected to record the occurrence of interval cancer. If HCC is confirmed during the study, the participant will be excluded from further study participation, and the treatment will proceed according to current clinical processes. If no lesions are detected during the two surveillance rounds, follow-up for up to 6 months after the second test will be conducted according to current clinical processes. If HCC is diagnosed, which is the primary outcome of the study, the study will be considered complete, and this will not be treated as an adverse event of the study. If a patient chooses not to continue participating in the study during the repeated application of the protocol, the study for that patient will conclude, even if the two rounds of testing are not completed.
Thyroid Function Tests: 

The results of protein bound iodine and radioactive iodine uptake studies, which depend on iodine estimation, will not accurately reflect thyroid function for at least 16 days following administration of iodinated contrast agents. However, thyroid function tests which do not depend on iodine estimations, for example, T3 resin uptake and total or free thyroxine (T4) assays are not affected. 

Laboratory Assay of Coagulation Parameters, Fibrinolysis and Complement System: 

The effect of iopromide on coagulation factors in in vitro assays increased with the administered dose. Coagulation, fibrinolysis and complement activation were evaluated with standard citrated human plasma in the following assays: thrombin time, thrombin coagulase time, calcium thromboplastin time, partial thromboplastin time, plasminogen, thrombin, alpha-2 antiplasmin and factor XIIa activity. Thrombin inhibition was almost complete. Data on reversibility are not available. The thrombin time increased from approximately 20 seconds at an iopromide concentration of 10 mg Iodine per mL, up to 100 seconds at an iopromide concentration of 70 mg Iodine per mL. 

The PTT increased from approximately 50 seconds at an iopromide concentration of 10 mg Iodine per mL, up to approximately 100 seconds at an iopromide concentration of 70 mg Iodine per mL. A similar increase was noted in the thrombin coagulase time. Lesser effects were noted in the calcium thromboplastin time. Coagulation time increased from 13.5 to 23 seconds at the highest iopromide concentration of 70 mg Iodine per mL. The Hageman factor split products decreased by about 20% over the range of 10 to 70 mg Iodine per mL of iopromide. Plasminogen was relatively stable. There was no evidence of activation of fibrinolysis. The complement alternate pathway was activated. Factor B conversion increased in a dose dependent manner. The duration of these effects was not studied. 

In vitro studies with human blood showed that iopromide had a slight effect on coagulation and fibrinolysis. No Factor XIIa formation could be demonstrated. The complement alternate pathway also can be activated.
To improve the ratio of a contrast agent to a tissue in imaging the tissue in which the contrast agent is injected. The contrast agent having microbubbles of fundamental frequency is injected into a subject. A first transmit pulse 136 and a second transmit pulse 144 are transmitted into the body of the subject. The first and second transmit pulses respectively include first (fundamental) signals 130, 138 and second (seed) signals 132, 140. The fundamental signals have frequency based on the fundamental frequency, and the seed signals have subharmonic frequency based on the frequency of the fundamental signal. The first and second transmit pulses are inverted in phases. Echoes 184, 186 received from the first and second transmit pulses are subjected to filtering with a subharmonic or superhamonic frequency to eliminate tissue response and pass the microbubble response.
The present invention is a system and method of pre-delivery drug identification. The system and method is implemented where drugs are being administered, such as in a hospital or clinic, and identifies the drug being administered to the patient before the drug reaches the patient. The system and method may utilize a sensor used for other physiologic monitoring to identify the drug. After identification, the system and method is configured to cross-reference the identified drug with the patient's prescription and allergy information, and to prevent delivery to the patient, if necessary. The system and method also utilizes data collected from the patient with a physiological monitor or a ventilator sensor to further determine whether the drug is appropriate for the patient. The method and system may also include an override system for medical personnel. The method described may be carried out by a software application.
The Applicant has identified a biological energy pathway, which is distinct from photosynthesis and from the generation of cellular energy through normal metabolism. It is referred to as the third or the alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway. This pathway is expressed through an energy acquired kinetic activity of water molecules. The present application extends on the breadth of compounds capable of transferring a natural force called KELEA, (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) to water and to both non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages. They include common dietary supplements such as humic acids and common foods, such as cocoa. These products can be repeatedly used for liquid activation at very low quantities and can be removed from the liquid prior to the liquid being used for biological purposes. The studies have widespread practical applications in human and animal health as well as in agriculture. The studies also provide for a better understanding of the practice of homeopathy.
A novel black ginseng leaf and an extract thereof are provided to reduce the production time, improve anti-oxidative effects as compared with the ginseng root, and improve the production yield, so that the novel black ginseng leaf and the extract thereof are useful for inhibiting skin aging. A novel black ginseng leaf having water content of 14% or less is prepared by washing 4-6 year-old ginseng leaves with water and drying them at 40-60 deg. C for 20-28 hours, steaming the dried ginseng leaves at 85-105 deg. C for 2-4 hours, drying the steamed ginseng leaves at 50-70 deg. C for 9-15 hours, and repeating the steaming and drying steps 9 times, or by washing 5-6 year-old ginseng leaves with water and drying them at 40-60 deg. C for 20-28 hours, steaming the dried ginseng leaves at 110-145 deg. C under increased pressure for 2-4 hours, and drying the steamed ginseng leaves at 50-70 deg. C for 9-15 hours. A pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting skin aging comprises the black ginseng leaf having water content of 14% or less.
One or more organs of a living organism, preferably a warm-blooded animal, are artificially stimulated by irradiation, by chemical and like stimulants, by substantially reducing oxygen absorption by a tourniquet, or by subjection to low temperature and, from the organs so treated, or from body fluids circulating therethrough, substantially protein-free growth-regulating preparations are extracted by known chemical methods including a protein removal step. The growth-regulating preparations comprise nucleic acid derivatives, amino acids and polypeptides, and may be used in the treatment of degenerative diseases, such as thyroid diseases, leukaemia, nephrosis and X-ray ulcers.  The stimulation induces in the parenchema or mesenchema of the organ a state of unnatural activity which, it is stated, is to be regarded as a state of at least temporary mutation. In a modification, tissue from a stimulated organ is subjected to tissue cultivation. The stimulation may be intense irradiation as from radium, or by X-ray, ultra-violet, infra-red and heat radiation, electron and other elementary particle bombardment, or ultrasonic waves.  It may be by the incorporation of chemical stimulants which, as exemplified include fluorescent dyes, various drugs, inorganic materials, vaccines, sera, protein decomposition products and disinfectants.  Radio-active materials may be employed alone or with other of the chemical stimulants.  Examples include (1) the kidneys of a cow are irradiated by deep X-ray and blood circulating in the renal veins is removed to be worked up, (3) a dyestuff is injected into a pig which is then irradiated by ultra-violet.  The urine and skin are worked up; (4) indian ink is injected into a cow daily for about 14 days, the blood, the spleen and the thymus being worked up; (7) the blood circulation in a dog's leg is interrupted by tourniquet, the blood being later removed and worked up; (8) cultivated hen-egg heart tissue is irradiated by light and the nutrient solution worked up.