anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional organoid culture technologies have revolutionized cancer research by allowing for more realistic and scalable reproductions of both tumour and microenvironmental structures1-3. This has enabled better modelling of low-complexity cancer cell behaviours that occur over relatively short periods of time4. However, available organoid systems do not capture the intricate evolutionary process of cancer development in terms of tissue architecture, cell diversity, homeostasis and lifespan. As a consequence, oncogenesis and tumour formation studies are not possible in vitro and instead require the extensive use of animal models, which provide limited spatiotemporal resolution of cellular dynamics and come at a considerable cost in terms of resources and animal lives. Here we developed topobiologically complex mini-colons that are able to undergo tumorigenesis ex vivo by integrating microfabrication, optogenetic and tissue engineering approaches. With this system, tumorigenic transformation can be spatiotemporally controlled by directing oncogenic activation through blue-light exposure, and emergent colon tumours can be tracked in real-time at the single-cell resolution for several weeks without breaking the culture. These induced mini-colons display rich intratumoural and intertumoural diversity and recapitulate key pathophysiological hallmarks displayed by colorectal tumours in vivo. By fine-tuning cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic parameters, mini-colons can be used to identify tumorigenic determinants and pharmacological opportunities. As a whole, our study paves the way for cancer initiation research outside living organisms.
SAN021 Placebo is a serum that does not contain East Indian Sandalwood Oil however, does contain a synthetic sandalwood fragrance. It is packaged in an amber glass bottle with a dropper top. The dose is 5 drops per 1% BSA involvement twice daily.
Positive emotions inhibit pain, whereas negative emotions facilitate pain. Thus, many psychosocial interventions capitalize on this emotion-pain relationship to improve patients' abilities to regulate emotion (ie, reduce negative emotion, increase positive emotion), influence nociception, and manage pain. This study extended the existing literature to examine whether emotion regulation procedures could influence emotional modulation of the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR), a marker of spinal nociception. To elicit emotion, 2 blocks of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures were presented. In block 1, participants were asked to passively view pictures during which painful electric stimulations were delivered to evoke pain and the NFR. Valence, arousal, corrugator electromyogram, and skin conductance response were used to measure emotional responses to pictures. To manipulate emotion regulation, participants were randomized to either suppress (downregulate) or enhance (upregulate) their emotion during block 2 (other procedures same as block 1). Instructions to suppress decreased subjective and physiological responding to emotional pictures, reduced emotional modulation of pain, and generally decreased NFR magnitude (regardless of picture content). Instructions to enhance emotion increased subjective responding to emotional pictures but did not alter physiological responding to pictures or emotional modulation of pain/NFR in predictable ways. Results imply that downregulation/suppression of negative emotions may work best to reduce pain facilitation. Furthermore, this study contributes to the existing literature that shows that pain and pain signaling is tightly coupled with emotional states and that emotion regulation can impact pain perception.
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common condition in neurosurgery. With an aging population, there is increasing attention on the prognosis of patients following surgical intervention. We developed a postoperative short-term prognostic prediction model using preoperative clinical indicators, aiming to assist in perioperative medical decision-making and management. The dataset was randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. An mRS score greater than 2 one month after discharge was considered indicative of a poor prognosis. In the training cohort, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis to identify independent risk factors and construct a prediction nomogram for poor prognosis one month after discharge. The performance of the nomogram was assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve. A Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) was also conducted to determine the net benefit threshold of the prediction model. Among the 505 participants, 18.8% (95/505) had a poor prognosis one month after discharge. The baseline characteristics did not significantly differ between the training cohort and the validation cohort. LASSO regression analysis in the training cohort reduced the predictors to four potential factors. Further multivariate logistic analyses in the training cohort identified four independent predictors: age, admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, hemiparesis, and hemoglobin count. These predictors were incorporated into the nomogram prediction model. Internal validation using ROC analysis, calibration curves, and other methods demonstrated a strong correlation between the observed and predicted likelihood of poor prognosis one month after discharge. The visualized nomogram prediction model we developed for short-term postoperative prognosis of chronic subdural hematoma after burr hole drainage aids in predicting short-term outcomes and guiding clinical treatment decisions. Further external validation is needed in the future to confirm its effectiveness.
The invention relates to various compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions comprising an oxidation agent selected from sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium hypochlorite, chlorite or chlorate, an artemisinin composition or a derivative or combination thereof as a primary active oxidising agent. The primary active oxidising agent is provided in a solvent or water-soluble or water-dispersible form to respectively enable release or generation within the solvent medium of a hypochlorite ion or hypochlorous acid, a chlorite ion or chlorous acid, a chlorate ion or chloric acid, neutral or ionic chlorine dioxide or other derivative thereof from the respective hypochlorite, chlorite, or chlorate. Oral or other body cavity dosage forms of the composition are described, which may be employed or administered to a warm-blooded mammalian subject to be treated for combatting pathogenic infections or invasions, more particularly represented by systemic pathogenic invasion of the subject. The composition would in general be admixed with an adequate quantity of one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or carriers or other active agents sufficient to provide an admixed product having a concentration of admixed active agent which is sufficiently low so as to render such aqueous medium pharmaceutically acceptable to a patient in need of treatment. Unit dosage forms, which may include a carboxylic acid to encourage generation of chlorine dioxide or hypochlorous acid are described. Similarly, the composition may comprise a significant proportion of a carbonate or bicarbonate and a lesser amount of a chloride. Use of dosage forms of the composition are indicated to include treatment of patients suffering from the effects of various parasitic or viral infections or invasions.
Medical devices, systems and methods are provided. In one embodiments, an intraluminal medical system includes a patient interface module (PIM) configured to selectively communicate with a first intraluminal device or a second intraluminal device different than the first intraluminal device. The first and second intraluminal devices are configured to obtain medical data associated with a body lumen of a patient while positioned within the body lumen. The PIM includes a first connector having a first plurality of pins respectively carrying a plurality of signals. The first intraluminal device includes a second connector configured to engage the first connector and the second intraluminal device includes a third connector configured to engage the first connector. The plurality of signals respectively carried by the first plurality of pins is configured to selectively allow electrical communication between the PIM and the first intraluminal device when the second connector engages the first connector, and between the PIM and the second intraluminal device when the third connector engages the first connector.
AVANDAMET should be used with caution in patients with edema. In a clinical trial in healthy volunteers who received rosiglitazone 8 mg once daily for 8 weeks, there was a statistically significant increase in median plasma volume compared to placebo. Since thiazolidinediones, including rosiglitazone, can cause fluid retention, which can exacerbate or lead to congestive heart failure, AVANDAMET should be used with caution in patients at risk for heart failure. Patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms of heart failure [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.2), and Patient Counseling Information (17.1)].

In controlled clinical trials of patients with type 2 diabetes, mild to moderate edema was reported in patients treated with rosiglitazone, and may be dose-related. Patients with ongoing edema were more likely to have adverse events associated with edema if started on combination therapy with insulin and rosiglitazone [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. The use of AVANDAMET in combination with insulin is not recommended. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3).]
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is associated with chronic widespread pain and at least eleven positive tender points out of 18 according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1990 criteria. It is often associated with symptoms such as decreased physical strength, fatigue, sleep disturbances, gastrointestinal disorders and psychiatric disorders such as depression. Connective tissue massage (CTM), one of the various manual therapy techniques for FMS, produces local mechanical effects on mast cells in the connective tissue with short and long tractions, thereby reducing sympathetic activity and producing vasodilation. In the last two decades, massage applications using tools of various densities, materials, shapes and sizes (such as Foam Roller (FR), roller massagers, sticks or balls) and actively self-administered by individuals have rapidly gained popularity. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of self myofascial release technique and connective tissue massage in patients with FMS. At least 30 FMS patients will be included in the study. Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, pain, quality of life and sleep quality will be evaluated. CTM will be practiced to study group and foam roller will be practiced to control group. Treatments will be applied for 6 weeks, 2 days a week for a total of 12 sessions.
Donafenib 200 mg orally twice daily,each 28 day cycle. Number of Cycles: until progression or unacceptable toxicity develops.
Among several quantitative trait loci involved in tuberculosis (TB) control in mice, one was mapped within the chromosome 17 segment occupied by the H2 complex and another within the chromosome 3 segment comprising the S100A8/9 genes, which encode neutrophil inflammatory factor S100A8/9. Previously, we developed a panel of H2-congenic mouse strains differing by small segments of the major histocompatibility complex Class II (MHC-II) region from TB-susceptible H2j mice transferred onto the genetic background of the TB-resistant C57BL/6 (H2b) strain. Susceptible B6.I-9.3 mice differ from B6 progenitors by the alleles of their only classical MHC-II H2-Aβ gene. The goals of the present study were to: (i) comprehensively characterise the differences in TB-related phenotypes between mice of the two strains and (ii) decipher interactions between the H2-Aβ and S100A8/9 genes. Here, we describe the dynamics of TB-related phenotypes differentiating B6.I-9.3 and B6 mice (colony forming units counts, histopathology, lung immune cell infiltration and cytokine profiles). We show that disproportionally diminished CD4+ T-cell population, an enlarged S100A8/9-positive neutrophil population and higher S100A8/9 serum levels in B6.I-9.3 mice collectively form the 'susceptible' phenotype before infection. An increase in IL-17 and a decrease in intrferon-gamma production by CD4+ T-cells in these mice provide a mechanistic explanation of this phenotype. Using F2 segregation analysis, we show that the number of S100A8/9-producing neutrophils in lungs and spleens and the proportion of Th17 CD4+ T-cells in lungs are significantly lower in the presence of the MHC-II dominant 'resistant' b allele compared to the recessive 'susceptible' j/j genotype. This provides direct genetic evidence that MHC-II-regulated CD4+ T-cell landscapes determine neutrophil abundance before infection, an important pathogenic factor in TB immunity.
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a potentially curative treatment option for early Hepatocellular carcinoma. The RFA is considered safe with a relatively low incidence of complications ranging from 2%-7.9%. Though most of the complications are self-limiting, sometimes they can be life-threatening. The occurrence of the particular complication depends on various factors like tumour location and morphology, underlying disease and ablation technique. A detailed understanding of potential complications along with the associated risk factors will help to employ strategies to prevent them, identify them early and manage them when they occur. This article demonstrates various radiofrequency ablation-related complications and discusses the risk factors and technical strategies to minimise them and achieve complete ablation of the tumour.
The invention provides traditional Chinese medicine for curing epidemic toxin flourishing type viral hepatitis. The traditional Chinese medicine is prepared from the following raw medical materials: 15-22 parts of herba artemisiae scopariae, 15-22 parts of cornu bubali, 8-12 parts of raw radix et rhizoma rhei, 10-15 parts of fructus gardeniae, 5-9 parts of rhizoma coptidis, 10-15 parts of radix scutellariae, 10-15 parts of raw rhizoma rehmannia, 10-15 parts of radix scrophulariae, 10-15 parts of cortex moutan, 10-15 parts of radix paeoniae rubra, 8-12 parts of honeysuckle flower, 12-18 parts of herba hedyotis diffusa, 10-15 parts of herba lobelia chinensis, 8-12 parts of fructus forsythiae, 12-18 parts of radix et rhizoma salvia miltiorrhizae, 15-22 parts of rhizoma lalang grass, 10-15 parts of radix arnebiae seu lithospermi and 5-9 parts of raw liquorice root. The invention further provides a preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine. The traditional Chinese medicine is prepared according to a curing principle of clearing Ying heat, cooling blood, detoxifying and promoting urination. The traditional Chinese medicine is quick in curing speed and free of any toxic and side effect and has a good conditioning effect on health. In addition, the epidemic toxin flourishing type viral hepatitis is not prone to relapsing after being cured.
Background/Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age characterized by insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances. Recent research suggests that probiotics and synbiotics may improve these parameters by modulating the gut microbiota. This study systematically reviewed randomized clinical trials evaluating the impact of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation on insulin resistance and hormonal parameters in women with PCOS. Methods: Exhaustive searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, following PRISMA guidelines. Randomized trials assessing supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics for at least 8 weeks in women diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria were included. Data on participants, interventions, and outcomes related to insulin resistance and hormones were extracted. Results: Eleven studies from Iran involving overweight or obese women aged 15 to 48 were included. Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation showed significant improvements in insulin resistance (reductions in HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, and insulin), lipid profiles (decreased LDL and triglycerides; increased HDL), and hormonal balance (increased SHBG, decreased total testosterone). Synbiotics had more pronounced effects than probiotics or prebiotics alone. Adherence was high, and side effects were minimal. Conclusions: Despite promising results, limitations such as small sample sizes, homogeneous populations, and short intervention durations limit the generalization of the findings. Larger, longer, multicenter trials with diverse populations and standardized methodologies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of synbiotics in managing PCOS. Integrating these interventions could improve clinical management and quality of life for affected women, but additional evidence is required to support widespread use.
Double-blind and crossover study design will be used in this study. The taping method is divided into 4 types: Tradition (from origin to insertion), Cross, New (from insertion to origin) and Control (non-taping). The order of types will be assigned to subjects randomly. The 4 types of taping will be applied in 2 days that one week apart. Ultimate physical rehabilitation system (Pris RS, BTE, USA) will be used to access the differences of muscle strength and muscular endurance between different taping skills. The aims are to investigate the effect of the different method of kinesiology tape on performance of fatigued biceps brachii.
The transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are a group of highly homologous nonselective cation channels from the larger TRP channel family. They have the ability to form homo- and heteromers with varying degrees of calcium (Ca2+) permeability and signalling properties. TRPC5 is the one cold-sensitive among them and likewise facilitates the influx of extracellular Ca2+ into cells to modulate neuronal depolarization and integrate various intracellular signalling pathways. Recent research with cryo-electron microscopy revealed its structure, along with clear insight into downstream signalling and protein-protein interaction sites. Investigations using global and conditional deficient mice revealed the involvement of TRPC5 in metabolic diseases, energy balance, thermosensation and conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory pain including opioid-induced hyperalgesia and hyperalgesia following tooth decay and pulpitis. This review provides an update on recent advances in our understanding of the role of TRPC5 with focus on metabolic diseases and pain.
Radial sclerosing lesions (RS, also referred to as "radial scars") and complex sclerosing lesions (CSL) are uncommon breast lesions often grouped together as a single entity in practice. RS/CSL have an incidence of <0.1% to 1% at core needle biopsy (CNB). When detected on CNB, imaging and pathology features must be carefully evaluated to determine appropriate surgical management or imaging follow-up due to potential for malignant upgrade at surgery. Detection of RS/CSL has increased with the advent of tomosynthesis, in which an RS/CSL is typically detected as architectural distortion with or without associated mass with spiculated margins. On US, an RS/CSL is most often occult or manifests as subtle distortion with adjacent cysts. Imaging findings cannot distinguish benign RS/CSL from those upgraded to malignancy at surgery, although larger lesion size may be associated with higher upgrade rates. Histologically, an RS has a central fibroelastotic nidus with entrapped-appearing ducts and proliferative changes at the periphery appearing to radiate from the center; CSL are larger than RS, more disorganized, and typically include multiple patterns of epithelial proliferations, including sclerosing adenosis, sclerosing papillomas, usual ductal hyperplasia, and cysts. RS/CSL with associated atypia at CNB have a 16%to 29% rate of upgrade to malignancy on surgical excision, thus rendering surgical excision essential. Conversely, an RS/CSL without associated atypia, particularly when ≤1 cm in size, has <3% rate of upgrade to malignancy at surgery, allowing consideration of imaging follow-up in lieu of excision. Here, we review recent literature as well as radiology and pathology findings of RS/CSL.
The likelihood of toxicity increases with increasing serum lithium levels. Serum lithium levels greater than 1.5 mEq/l carry a greater risk than lower levels. However, patients sensitive to lithium may exhibit toxic signs at serum levels below 1.5 mEq/l.

Diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, muscular weakness and lack of coordination may be early signs of lithium toxicity, and can occur at lithium levels below 2 mEq/l. At higher levels, giddiness, ataxia, blurred vision, tinnitus and a large output of dilute urine may be seen. Serum lithium levels above 3 mEq/l may produce a complex clinical picture involving multiple organs and organ systems. Serum lithium levels should not be permitted to exceed 2 mEq/l during the acute treatment phase.

Fine hand tremor, polyuria and mild thirst may occur during initial therapy for the acute manic phase, and may persist throughout treatment. Transient and mild nausea and general discomfort may also appear during the first few days of lithium administration.

These side effects are an inconvenience rather than a disabling condition, and usually subside with continued treatment or a temporary reduction or cessation of dosage. If persistent, a cessation of dosage is indicated.

The following adverse reactions have been reported and do not appear to be directly related to serum lithium levels.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a human monoclonal antibody specifically binding to Fcα receptor (CD89) including a monoclonal antibody specifically reacting with the Fc receptor for IgA of human effector cells.  <P>SOLUTION: An isolated monoclonal antibody comprising specific sequences of a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region and specifically binding to human Fcα receptor (CD89), or an antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided. The antibody is a bifunctional antibody or a heteroantibody and is useful for targeting human effector cells (e.g. macrophage) against a target cell (e.g. a cancer cell, an infectious material and the like).  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains challenging. There has been substantial progress in understanding the molecular pathology of the disease that has led to meaningful advancements in treatment options with varying mechanisms of action, although treatment remains costly. Cytotoxic therapies, which are typically combined with targeted therapies, remain the mainstay of first- and second-line treatment for mCRC. While also relevant in earlier lines of therapy, molecular testing has become increasingly important to guide therapy across lines of therapy, for which treatment options are limited. A paucity of data exists in establishing clinical criteria for optimizing the sequencing of therapies in the third line and beyond. A customized approach should consider the efficacy of the therapy balanced with the patient's goals. Sequencing criteria should include a consideration for exposing patients to as many different modes of therapy as possible while preserving quality of life, avoiding serious toxicities, and accounting for the potential impact of cumulative toxicities from prior therapies.