anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The metabolism of 13C (non-radioactive) enriched pyruvate can be imaged by magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy when the nuclear spin of 13C is hyperpolarization enhanced. This technique allows in-vivo separation of \[1-13C\]pyruvate, \[1-13C\]lactate, \[1-13C\]alanine and \[13C\]bicarbonate signals following intravenous administration of Hyperpolarized Pyruvate (13C) Injection. The total 13C-signal detected in a given tissue depends on the dose administered and distribution to the tissue. The formation rate and relative levels of the metabolites depend on the metabolic needs of the specific tissue. Pre-clinical data indicate that some tumours show substantially higher levels and different ratios of specific metabolites when compared to corresponding normal tissue.

Soon after being taken up by cells within the prostate, \[1-13C\]pyruvate will be metabolized into various metabolites, including \[1-13C\]alanine and \[13C\]bicarbonate (via aerobic metabolism) and \[1-13C\]lactate (via anaerobic metabolism). It is expected that \[1-13C\]lactate will be formed in much higher amounts in malignant tissue, where the level of glycolysis is higher than in normal, BPH or inflamed tissues. Therefore, spectroscopic MR imaging of the prostate after administration of Hyperpolarized Pyruvate (13C) Injection, is expected to provide a robust, minimally invasive method to assist in detecting and characterizing prostate cancer, thereby determining which patients should receive further treatment and which should continue to be monitored via routine PSA and DRE testing.

This is a pilot prospective, single-institution study in men with biopsy-proven carcinoma of the prostate. Patient screening and accrual will be completed by a treating Urologist, Radiologist, or study nurse/coordinator. Clinical procedures will be completed at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (SHSC). Eligible subjects will be undergoing radical prostatectomy at SHSC for biopsy-proven T1C disease (cancer found by elevated PSA and needle biopsy only) and serum PSA \< 10. For the purpose of analysis, subjects will be divided into three groups based on the grade of cancer found on needle biopsy. A typical subject will be 50-80 years old. The length of this study for participants is approximately 1 hour of scan time.
FIELD: medicine. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine, in particular to ophthalmology. The method involves subtotal vitrectomy and introduction of an agent for contrast enhancement of the internal limiting membrane in the vitreal cavity. A composition of non-toxic, biologically inert white components is used as a contrast enhancing agent with the following ratio, wt %: water-insoluble inorganic salt 0.05-90%, water-insoluble polymer 0-90%, water-soluble polymer 0-90%, water for injections - the rest. Size of the used particles of water-insoluble inorganic salt, water-insoluble polymer, water-soluble polymer makes no more than 50 microns. ^ EFFECT: contrast enhancement of the offered composition improves the effectiveness of vitrectomy due to better visualisation of the internal limiting membrane and eliminated injuries in its removal. ^ 6 ex
The present invention relates to an exercise and professional education service providing system. The system includes: a server for subscriber profile management storing and providing service content; and a user device receiving and displaying the content by accessing the server. The content is divided into exercise service content and professional education content. The exercise service content includes at least one of posture guide, breathing education, stretching, fascia relaxation education, growth exercise, massage, and taping or silver exercise. The professional education content includes at least one of motion anatomy education, evaluation education, rehab professional education, form professional education, joint-specific medical training, exercise tool and mechanism using and utilization methods, and height growth professional education. The server transmits information for guiding to a place for in-body measuring equipment use to the user device so that a user in-body measurement result is obtained.
H2-O2 (66% hydrogen; 33% oxygen) inhalation. Patients in the treatment group inhaled H2-O2 (66% hydrogen; 33% oxygen) at 3 L/min via nasal cannula by using the Hydrogen/Oxygen Generator (model AMS-H-03, Shanghai Asclepius Meditech Co., Ltd., China) during a 7-day stay in the intensive care unit.
PURPOSE: To assess the responses of the ChatGPT-4, the forerunner artificial intelligence-based chatbot, to frequently asked questions regarding two common pediatric ophthalmologic disorders, amblyopia and childhood myopia.
METHODS: Twenty-seven questions about amblyopia and 28 questions about childhood myopia were asked of the ChatGPT twice (totally 110 questions). The responses were evaluated by two pediatric ophthalmologists as acceptable, incomplete, or unacceptable.
RESULTS: There was remarkable agreement (96.4%) between the two pediatric ophthalmologists on their assessment of the responses. Acceptable responses were provided by the ChatGPT to 93 of 110 (84.6%) questions in total (44 of 54 [81.5%] for amblyopia and 49 of 56 [87.5%] questions for childhood myopia). Seven of 54 (12.9%) responses to questions on amblyopia were graded as incomplete compared to 4 of 56 (7.1%) of questions on childhood myopia. The ChatGPT gave inappropriate responses to three questions about amblyopia (5.6%) and childhood myopia (5.4%). The most noticeable inappropriate responses were related to the definition of reverse amblyopia and the threshold of refractive error for prescription of spectacles to children with myopia.
CONCLUSIONS: The ChatGPT has the potential to serve as an adjunct informational tool for pediatric ophthalmology patients and their caregivers by demonstrating a relatively good performance in answering 84.6% of the most frequently asked questions about amblyopia and childhood myopia. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2024;61(2):86-89.].
A system and method for performing a secure data transfer between computing devices comprise registering a resource-constrained computing device with a cloud-based computer. A client computing device generates session state information regarding the client computing device in an electronic communication exchange with at least one remote computing device. An identifier provides a location of the session state information stored at a cloud-based computer. A machine-readable code associated with the identifier is displayed for querying the cloud for the stored session state information. The resource-constrained computing device uses the machine-readable code to retrieve the session state information. The resource-constrained computing device uses the session state information to join the electronic communication exchange. Alternatively, in lieu of a machine-readable code, a cryptography process is performed, which includes generating a public cryptographic certificate associated with an immutable identifier of a portable device to be integrated in the exchange.
PURPOSE: To offer a comprehensive review of the available data regarding non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and its phenocopies, focusing on the current evidence to support the different existing aetiopathogenic hypotheses for the development of these conditions.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: Due to the limited array of responses of the neural tissue and other retinal structures, different aetiopathogenic mechanisms may result in a similar clinical picture. Moreover, when the insult occurs within a confined space, such as the optic nerve or the optic nerve head, in which different tissues (neural, glial, vascular) are highly interconnected and packed together, determining the primary noxa can be challenging and may lead to misdiagnosis. Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy is a condition most clinicians will face during their everyday work, and it is important to correctly differentiate among resembling pathologies affecting the optic nerve to avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures. Combining a good clinical history and multimodal imaging can assist diagnosis in most cases. The key remains to combine demographic data (e.g. age), with ophthalmic data (e.g. refractive error), systemic data (e.g. comorbidities and medication), imaging data (e.g. retinal OCT) with topographic signs (e.g. focal neurology).
METHODOLOGY: Papers relevant for this work were obtained from the MEDLINE and Embase databases by using the PubMed search engine. One author (MPMG) performed the search and selected only publications with relevant information about the aetiology, pathogenic mechanisms, risk factors as well as clinical characteristics of phenocopies (such as vitreopapillary traction, intrapapillary haemorrhage with adjacent peripapillary subretinal haemorrhage or diabetic papillopathy) of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION). The terms "non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy/NAION", "vitreopapillary traction", "vitreopapillary traction AND non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy/NAION", "posterior vitreous detachment AND non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy/NAION", "central retinal vein occlusion AND non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy/NAION", "disc oedema/disc oedema", "diabetes mellitus AND non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy/NAION" and "diabetic papillopathy" were searched on PubMed. From each of these searches, publications were selected based on their title, obtaining a total of 115 papers. All papers not written in English were then excluded, and those whose abstracts were not deemed relevant for our review, according to the aforementioned criteria. Subsequent scrutiny of the main text of the remaining publications led us (MPMG, AP, ZS) to include references which had not been selected during our first search, as their titles did not contain the previously mentioned MeSH terms, due to their significantly relevant contents for our work. A total of 62 publications were finally consulted for our review. The literature review was last updated on 24-Aug-2022.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide new antimicrobial polypeptides and methods of use.  <P>SOLUTION: There are disclosed compositions of substances comprising a purified lantibiotic mutacin 1140 which substantially comprises no bacterial host. There are disclosed antimicrobial compounds, their compositions and their use including treatment and prevention of bacterial infectious diseases. The compounds and compositions comprise lantibiotic polypeptides and nucleic acid sequences encoding the polypeptides. The compounds and compositions are useful as antimicrobials in antibiotic pharmaceutical preparations and as an antimicrobial or antiseptic dentifrice.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. Fenugreek has been demonstrated to lower blood glucose in response to a glucose load while leaving the levels of serum insulin unaffected in rodents. This effect of lowering blood sugar without changing insulin levels demonstrates improved insulin action. Fenugreek has also been shown to decrease glucose absorption by inhibiting intestinal disaccharidases. Fenugreek decreases glycohemoglobin in diabetic rodents. An amino acid extracted from fenugreek seeds, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, decreases glucose and insulin in diabetic rodents, improves glucose tolerance and stimulates insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic rodent islets.

Fenugreek imparts a bitter taste to products into which it is placed, and this property has limited its use in treating diabetes. Dr. Losso and his associates developed a process that allows incorporation of fenugreek into bread and other bakery goods without imparting a bitter taste, and the success of this process was confirmed in taste testing. This study is designed to evaluate the effect of fenugreek bread made by Dr. Losso's proprietary process on glucose and insulin.
Varenicline tartrate (Champix®), Pfizer Canada Inc., Kirkland, Quebec. Dispense for 12 weeks. One tablet (0.5mg) once daily for first three days, then one tablet (0.5 mg) twice daily for next four days, then 1 mg (one 1mg tablet or two 0.5mg tablets) twice daily for the remainder of 12 weeks.
The present invention relates to an antithrombotic composition comprising a pericarp extract of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), a tropical fruit, as an effective ingredient and, more specifically, to a pharmaceutical composition and health functional food for prevention/treatment of thrombosis by blood coagulation inhibition which comprise ethyl acetate fractions obtained by collecting the pericarp of washed and selected litchi, extracting litchi into ethanol, and then sequentially fractioning an organic solvent as an effective ingredient. The litchi pericarp extract as an effective ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition and the health functional food for prevention or treatment of thrombosis uses an extract of the pericarp discarded after eating litchi fruit to contribute to the reuse of unused resources and environment preservation. As proven by embodiments of the present invention, the litchi pericarp extract exhibits strong antithrombotic activity by inhibition of blood coagulation factors, does not exhibit hemolytic activity for human red blood cells, has excellent thermal stability, and does not exhibit loss of blood coagulation inhibition effects even in an acidic condition of pH 2 and within blood plasma. Therefore, the litchi pericarp extract is expected to be used for prevention and treatment of thrombosis such as ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke by blood circulation improvement. The effective ingredient can be processed in various forms such as extract, powder, tablet, and pill to be prepared in forms which can be taken at any time to be very useful in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression has been reported with the use of opioids, even when used as recommended. Respiratory depression, if not immediately recognized and treated, may lead to respiratory arrest and death. Management of respiratory depression may include close observation, supportive measures, and use of opioid antagonists, depending on the patient’s clinical status [see Overdosage (10)].

Carbon dioxide (CO2) retention from opioid-induced respiratory depression can exacerbate the sedating effects of opioids.

While serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression can occur at any time during the use of Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, the risk is greatest during the initiation of therapy or following a dosage increase. Monitor patients closely for respiratory depression, especially within the first 24-72 hours of initiating therapy with and following dosage increases of Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules. 

To reduce the risk of respiratory depression, proper dosing and titration of Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules are essential [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. Overestimating the Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules dosage when converting patients from another opioid product can result in a fatal overdose with the first dose.

Accidental ingestion of (or exposure to) Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, especially by children, can result in respiratory depression and death due to an overdose of codeine and butalbital.

Opioids can cause sleep-related breathing disorders including central sleep apnea (CSA) and sleep-related hypoxemia. Opioid use increases the risk of CSA in a dose-dependent fashion. In patients who present with CSA, consider decreasing the opioid dosage using best practices for opioid taper [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].
The risks associated with administering general anesthesia to cocaine abusing patients with a positive urine cocaine metabolite is a major cause of cancellation of surgery in many trauma centers. Although many clinicians wait 24 to 48 hours after a positive urine drug screen before administering anesthesia, no standard or practical guidelines have yet to determine when it is safe to proceed with general anesthesia in this patient population. Due to the lack of guidelines for these cases, the rate of cancellation of procedures for these patients is high. The frequent cancelling of such cases causes a waste of resources, personnel, and time. The risks associated with cocaine use that cause most clinicians to cancel cases are mainly due to the cardiovascular effects of cocaine. Increases in blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, and the potential for myocardial infarction and fatal arrhythmias are what clinicians fear when administering general anesthesia to these patients. However, due to the urgency of some of the cases, it would be beneficial to both the patient and institutions to know when it is safe to proceed with the case and when it is not. When it is safe to administer general anesthesia to the patient with cocaine positive urine drug screen has never been clearly determined. This observational study will evaluate the effects of general anesthesia on the cocaine abusing patient with cocaine positive urine drug screen.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for extracting an effective component in an object to be treated by extraction with ethanol, which method is free from influence of water upon concentrating the effective component.  <P>SOLUTION: The extraction method is comprised of a drying step, an extraction step and a concentration step. An object to be treated by extraction with ethanol is dried in the drying step so as to reduce its moisture to 1.0% or less, whereby the object is made virtually free of water and therefore ethanol concentration is not remarkably reduced by the water contained in the object upon extracting the effective component with ethanol. Additionally by using ethanol having a concentration of 99.5% or higher in the extraction step, the ethanol solution that has extracted the effective component is kept virtually free of water. Thereby, the effective component can be easily obtained without causing the effective component dissolved in ethanol to precipitate even when ethanol is being separated from the ethanol solution comprising the effective component in the subsequent concentration step.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
The present study investigated the effect of routine calcium and vitamin D supplementation and tried to find the predictors for postoperative hypocalcemia in patients with thyroid cancer. Demographic data, including age, sex, pathologic features, and postoperative laboratory test results were analyzed, as was the development of symptomatic hypocalcemia, defined as an ionized calcium concentration below 4.6 mg/dL (normal range, 4.6-5.4 mg/dL) associated with hypocalcemic symptoms. Hypocalcemia was considered permanent in patients who required calcium supplementation for longer than 6 months after thyroidectomy.

Serum concentrations of PTH and ionized calcium were measured 1 and 14 days postoperatively. Patients in the routine calcium group received oral supplements of 1,500 mg/day elemental calcium and 1,000 IU/day cholecalciferol for 2 weeks, beginning on the first postoperative day (POD) to the 14th POD, whereas patients in the control group received no supplementation. If symptomatic hypocalcemia developed, patients in both groups received 2.0 g of intravenous calcium, followed by oral supplementation with 3,000-4,000 mg/day elemental calcium and 1,000-2,000 IU/day cholecalciferol up to the 14th POD. If hypocalcemic symptoms were persistent or worsening 2 hours after calcium administration, patients were administered another intravenous calcium supplementation.
Patients receive upper FMT capsules PO over 2 days. Patients receive fiber supplementation PO while on study. Patients also undergo tissue, stool, stool swabs, and blood sample collection throughout the study.
The study involves two visits: the first lasting approximately 30-45 minutes, and the second about 15 minutes that occurs 2 weeks after the first visit.

Procedures and Activities. Subjects will be assigned to either the control or intervention group by the toss of a coin. Subjects will provide information about their personal health history, including age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Subjects will undergo an oral examination to assess dental health through a DMFT score, which measures decayed, missing, and filled teeth. Additionally, the daily added sugar consumption will be calculated using an app called "Sugar Intake calculator." For the control group, no further nutritional advice will be given, while participants in the intervention group will receive additional guidance on sugar consumption using a tool called Stephan's curve. A log will be given to the subjects to track their daily snacking frequency and what type and amount of snack it entailed. After two weeks, subjects will return for a follow-up to evaluate any changes in dental health, sugar consumption, and snacking habits.
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major cause of non-A, non-B vital hepatitis. The most striking feature of HCV induced liver disease is its tendency toward chronicity and slowly progressive liver cell injury. HLA Class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses are considered to be a sine qua non for the effective clearance of vital infections. However, the characteristics of HCV-specific cytotoxic effector cells and identification of their cognate target antigens remains to be elucidated. This invention discloses novel HCV-derived peptides that are recognized by patient CTL. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from HLA-A2 positive patients with chronic HCV infection and stimulated with HCV-derived peptides. Effector cells were tested for their ability to lyse HLA-A2-matched target cells sensitized either with a peptide or a vaccinia virus construct containing HCV sequences. Immunogenic HCV CTL peptides were identified in the putative core protein and nonstructural proteins (e.g., NS3-5). These peptides have the following amino acid sequences: ADLMGYIPLV (Core 131-140 ), LLALLSCLTV (Core 178-187 ), QLRRHIDLLV (E1 257-266 ) , LLCPAGHAV (NS3 1169-1177 ), KLVALGINAV (NS3 1406-1415 ), SLMAFTAAV (NS4 1789-1797 ) , LLFNILGGWV (NS4 1807-1816 ), ILDSFDPLV (NS5 2252-2260 ), and DMLGYIPLV (Core 132-140 ). These peptides facilitate the stimulation and identification of HCV-specific CTL and should provide useful diagnostic reagents for the detection of HCV infection.
Participants with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus were administered with Belimumab 200 milligram per milliliter (mg/mL) subcutaneous (SC) injection. The dosing frequency was based on body weight. Participants who weigh more than or equal to 50 kilograms were administered every week, who weigh between 30 to less than 50 kg were administered every 10 days and who weigh less than 30 kg were administered every 2 weeks.