anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Intracranial teratoma represents a rare neoplasm, occurring predominantly during childhood. Characteristic symptoms depend on the location but are mainly hydrocephalus, visual disturbances, hypopituitarism, and diabetes insipidus. Initial diagnosis can be challenging due to similar radiological features in both teratomas and other lesions such as craniopharyngiomas. Gross total resection is recommended if feasible and associated with a good prognosis.
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 10-year-old girl presented with newly diagnosed growth retardation, fatigue, cephalgia and bilateral hemianopia. Further laboratory analysis confirmed central hypothyroidism and hypercortisolism. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic space-occupying lesion in the sellar and suprasellar compartment with compression of the optic chiasm without hydrocephalus present, suspicious of craniopharyngioma. Subsequently, an endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal near-total tumor resection with decompression of the optic chiasm was performed. During postoperative recovery the patient developed transient diabetes insipidus, the bilateral hemianopia remained unchanged. The patient could be discharged in a stable condition, while hormone replacement for multiple pituitary hormone deficiency was required. Surprisingly, histopathology revealed conspicuous areas of skin with formation of hairs and squamous epithelia, compatible with a mature teratoma.
CONCLUSIONS: We present an extremely rare case of pediatric sellar teratoma originating from the pituitary gland and a review of literature focusing on the variation in presentation and treatment. Sellar teratomas are often mistaken for craniopharyngioma due to their similar radiographic appearances. However, the primary goal of treatment for both pathologies is to decompress eloquent surrounding structures such as the optic tract, and if applicable, resolution of hydrocephalus while avoiding damage to the pituitary stalk and especially the hypothalamic structures. If feasible, the aim of surgery should be gross total resection.
The present invention is a health food for lowering blood glucose and blood lipid. The present invention takes one of or more than one of grape skin, grape seed or grape stalk without flesh as material. The materials are ground into fine powder. The fine power is marinated by ethanol to release flavonoid. The ethanol is evaporated completely. The flavonoid, which is dissolved into the ethanol solution, is absorbed on the surface of the fine powder. The energy metabolic abnormal symptoms of diabetic patients, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia patients can be improved by long-term eating the health care food.
PCT No. PCT/US93/08458 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 7, 1993 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 7, 1993 PCT Filed Sep. 7, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO94/05639 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 17, 1994The present invention relates to a novel class of sulfonamides which are aspartyl protease inhibitors. In one embodiment, this invention relates to a novel class of HIV aspartyl protease inhibitors characterized by specific structural and physicochemical features. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of this invention are particularly well suited for inhibiting HIV-1 and HIV-2 protease activity and consequently, may be advantageously used as anti-viral agents against the HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses. This invention also relates to methods for inhibiting the activity of HIV aspartyl protease using the compounds of this invention and methods for screening compounds for anti-HIV activity.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy, and chronic pain after breast surgery (CPBS) is an increasingly recognized therapy-related problem. We evaluated CPBS incidence, characteristics, associated factors, and impact on patient quality of life (QoL).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six-month observational prospective study conducted in patients undergoing breast surgery in a tertiary university hospital. Data were collected using several questionnaires: Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form, Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questionnaire, and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire and its Breast Cancer Module.
RESULTS: A total of 112 patients completed the study. Approximately, one third (34.8%) developed CPBS, and almost all with potentially neuropathic pain. CPBS interfered with patients' daily life and reduced their QoL. Diabetes (p = 0.028), catastrophizing (p = 0.042), and acute postoperative pain severity (p < 0.001) were associated with CPBS.
CONCLUSIONS: This study broadens our understanding of CPBS and shows the impact of this syndrome. Healthcare workers need to be aware of CPBS and take steps to prevent and treat it, and provide patients with adequate information.
Radiotherapy is an established and effective method for treating cancer, but it can have negative side effects if healthy tissues are also exposed to radiation. In the case of cervical cancer, the bladder, small bowel, and bone marrow are often irradiated, which can result in both short-term and long-term side effects. There are sophisticated radiation delivery techniques (known as IMRT and VMAT) which are capable of administering the radiation dose in a precise and controlled manner so that the intended target is irradiated and the healthy tissue is spared. However, the only way for these sophisticated radiation delivery methods to work in cervical cancer is to localise the uterus prior to radiotherapy treatment so that the lineup between the radiation beam and the target is ensured. The uterus is a relatively mobile organ, and can have very different positions within the body depending on the patient position, bladder volume, tumour site, etc. Currently, we are unable to take advantage of the sophisticated radiation delivery techniques as we have no reliable way of seeing where the uterus is. Ultrasound is a promising way to overcome this problem.

Ultrasound is non-ionising, has good soft-tissue contrast, and can easily be incorporated into the radiation treatment room. We wish to establish the feasibility and accuracy of localising and outlining the uterus on ultrasound images. This will enable us to determine whether or not ultrasound will be a good option to ensure the correct patient position prior to radiotherapy for cervical cancer patients.
Method comprises adding 0.2-10 pts. of a nonion type hydrophilic surfactant to 1-90 pts. of a water soluble solvent e.g. alcohol, multivalent alcohol, ketone, adding thereto 1-90 pts. of oil e.g. silicone oil, synthetic hydrocarbon oil, ester oil to prepare an oil in soluble solvent type emulsion, and adding 95 to 5 pts. of water to 5 to 95 pts. of the resulting emulsion. The surfactant is produced by adding 15-120 mol of ethylene oxide or 1 to 30 mol of a mixt. of ethylene oxide and propyleneoxide to a hydrophilic cpd. of 8-30C.
In order to identify the molecules involved in esophageal carcinogenesis and those to be useful for diagnostic markers as well as targets for new drugs and immunotherapy, a cDNA microarray representing 32,256 genes was constructed to analyze the expression profiles of 19 esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas (ESCCS) purified by laser-capture microdissection. a detailed genome-wide database for sets of genes that are significantly up- or down-regulated in esophageal cancer is disclosed herein. these genes find use in the development of therapeutic drugs or immunotherapy as well as tumor markers. additionally, genes associated with lymph-node metastasis and post-surgery recurrence are disclosed herein. among the candidate molecular target genes, ECT2 and CDC45L and DKK1 are further characterized. treatment of ESCC cells with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of ECT2 or CDC45L suppressed growth of the cancer cells. Thus, the data herein provide valuable information for identifying diagnostic systems and therapeutic target molecules for esophageal cancer.
FIELD: medicine, hematology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of preparing an antishock plasma-substituting solution. Method involves the conversion of modified starch obtained by acid hydrolysis to partial hydrolyzate, its neutralization and treatment with apyrogenic coal. After coal removal the solution of partially hydrolyzed hydroxyethylstarch is fractionated for purification from and organic and inorganic impurities and fractionated on the hollow-fiber type membrane unit at regime of diafiltration and concentrating. Then the concentrate of hydroxyethylstarch is sterilized in the presence of apyrogenic coal for at least two stages. After coal filtering off the concentrate is fed to the pouring stage. After autoclaving stage the ready product corresponds to the requirement of FS 42-2998-93. Obtained plasma substance has the modified starch that is not accumulated in tissues at large amounts, it does not cause adverse effects for its long using, it shows suitable residence in body, good solubility in water, its viscosity does not exceed that of plasma, it shows the absence of toxicity and pyrogenic-free property. EFFECT: improved method of preparing. 6 cl, 1 ex
BACKGROUND: Unlike in lower vertebrates, Müller glia (MG) in adult mammalian retinas lack the ability to reprogram into neurons after retinal injury or degeneration and exhibit reactive gliosis instead. Whether a transition in MG cell fate from gliosis to reprogramming would help preserve photoreceptors is still under exploration.
METHODS: A mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) was established using MG cell lineage tracing mice by intraperitoneal injection of sodium iodate (SI). The critical time point for the fate determination of MG gliosis was determined through immunohistochemical staining methods. Then, bulk-RNA and single-cell RNA seq techniques were used to elucidate the changes in RNA transcription of the retina and MG at that time point, and new genes that may determine the fate transition of MG were screened. Finally, the selected gene was specifically overexpressed in MG cells through adeno-associated viruses (AAV) in the mouse RP model. Bulk-RNA seq technique, immunohistochemical staining methods, and visual function testing were used to elucidate and validate the mechanism of new genes function on MG cell fate transition and retinal function.
RESULTS: Here, we found the critical time point for MG gliosis fate determination was 3 days post SI injection. Hmga2 was screened out as a candidate regulator for the cell fate transition of MG. After retinal injury caused by SI, the Hmga2 protein is temporarily and lowly expressed in MG cells. Overexpression of Hmga2 in MG down-regulated glial cell related genes and up-regulated photoreceptor related genes. Besides, overexpressing Hmga2 exclusively to MG reduced MG gliosis, made MG obtain cone's marker, and retained visual function in mice with acute retinal injury.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggested the unique reprogramming properties of Hmga2 in regulating the fate transition of MG and neuroprotective effects on the retina with acute injury. This work uncovers the reprogramming ability of epigenetic factors in MG.
Levobupivacaine group (L- bupivacaine 0,25% -2,5 mg/ml-) 60 ml. Total dosis in topical use 150 mg (administered irrigation 30 ml into the surgical pocket bilaterally intraoperatively).
The physician will add 1 mL of 50% dextrose solution (Pfizer Canada ULS, Kirkland, Québec) to the usual local anesthetic solution of choice for each patient. Solutions contain either 0.3% Ropivacaine, 1% Procaine, 0.5% Lidocaine, 0.25% Bupivacaine, or a mixture of 0.25% Bupivacaine and 2% Lidocaine in a 9:1 ratio.
PURPOSE:To purify hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) from a raw material containing HBsAg prepared by genetic engineering, by specifically adsorbing the HBsAg to a carrier in the presence of an inorganic salt having a specific concentration, thereby efficiently removing the impurities such as microbial proteins, etc. CONSTITUTION:A crude HBsAg solution prepared by genetic engineering is added with an inorganic salt (e.g. ammonium sulfate) to a concentration of 5-25w/v%, and made to contact with a carrier equilibrated with a solution of an inorganic salt having the same concentration as above. The unadsorbed impurity proteins are removed by washing the carrier with 2-5 times volume of the above inorganic salt solution, and the adsorbed HBsAg is eluted preferably with a buffer solution of 6-8pH containing 10v/v% ethanol (e.g. phosphoric acid buffer solution) to obtain a fraction containing HBsAg. An HB vaccine can be prepared by further refining the obtained HBsAg-containing fraction.
A 51-year-old male with a history of Cacchi-Ricci disease and long-standing infection with various species of Borrelia, Babesia, and Bartonella presented with recurrent symptoms of right-sided flank pain. Numerous renal calculi were identified on imaging. The etiology of the calculi had not been previously elucidated. Symptoms intermittently date back to 2002 when uric acid stones were identified. Subsequent calculi analysis revealed calcium oxalate stones. Despite the commonality of nephrolithiasis in patients with Cacchi-Ricci disease, the extreme number of calculi and recurrent presentation of symptoms persisted despite a plethora of medical evaluations, dietary changes, and hereditary testing. This case raises questions of etiology including possible immune deficiency and whether his uncommon microbial history contributes to recurrent stone formation.
The participants will receive the Life Style Modification programme with the support of a Hong Kong version Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) booklet to take home and use for 3 months. The booklet had been modified from a booklet of a Life Style Intervention Programme (LIP) in China and the principal investigator of this proposal was the core team members of the previous project . The booklet content covers 26 pages about the metabolic syndrome and risk factors, suggested life style modification tips in terms of exercise, diet, smoking, mediation and stress management . The major component of the booklet for the change is the language translated from simplified Chinese to traditional Chinese and slight adjustment about the advice on vegetable choice due to difference in type of available vegetables in Hong Kong.
The prevalent itching condition associated with aging, historically referred to as senile pruritus, diminishes quality of life. Despite its impact, effective treatments remain elusive, largely due to an incomplete understanding of its pathological cause. In this study, we reveal a subset of dorsal root ganglion neurons enriched with Zn2+ that express the vesicular Zn2+ transporter TMEM163. These neurons form direct synapses with and modulate the activity of spinal NPY+ inhibitory interneurons. In aged mice, both the expression of TMEM163 and the concentration of vesicular Zn2+ within the central terminals of TMEM163+ primary afferents show marked elevation. Importantly, the excessive release of vesicular Zn2+ significantly dampens the activity of NPY+ neurons, triggering the disinhibition of itch-transmitting neural circuits and resulting in chronic itch. Intriguingly, chelating Zn2+ within the spinal dorsal horn effectively relieves itch in aged mice. Our study thus unveils a novel molecular mechanism underlying senile pruritus.
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Thus, identifying the aberrant genes and proteins underlying disease pathogenesis is critical to improve early detection methods and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Chromosome instability (CIN), or ongoing changes in chromosome complements, is a predominant form of genome instability. It is a driver of genetic heterogeneity found in ~85% of CRCs. Although CIN contributes to CRC pathogenesis, the molecular determinants underlying CIN remain poorly understood. Recently, EMI1, an F-box protein, was identified as a candidate CIN gene. In this study, we sought to determine the impact reduced EMI1 expression has on CIN and cellular transformation.
METHODS: Coupling siRNA-based silencing and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout clones with quantitative imaging microscopy we evaluated the impact reduced EMI1 expression has on CIN and cellular transformation in four colonic epithelial cell contexts.
RESULTS: Quantitative imaging microscopy data revealed that reduced EMI1 expression induces increases in CIN phenotypes in both transient (siRNA) and constitutive (CRISPR/Cas9) cell models that are associated with increases in DNA damage and cellular transformation phenotypes in long-term studies.
CONCLUSIONS: This study determined that reduced EMI1 expression induces CIN and promotes cellular transformation, which is consistent with a role in early CRC development.
BACKGROUND: The role of total bilirubin (TBIL) in cardiovascular disease has been increasingly recognized in recent decades. Studies have shown a correlation between total bilirubin levels and the prognosis of patients after heart surgery. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of bilirubin elevation in persistent atrial fibrillation (PAF) patients who received radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).
METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 184 patients with PAF who received RFCA were retrospectively studied. Laboratory examinations and demographic data were analyzed to identify independent predictors of TBIL elevation. The relationship between TBIL and prognosis was further investigated. Our results indicated that TBIL increased significantly after RFCA. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that TBIL elevation owned a negative correlation with the percentile of low voltage areas (LVAs) in left atria (β=-0.490, P<0.001). In contrast, a positive correlation was observed with the white blood cell (WBC) ratio (β=0.153, P=0.042) and left atrial diameter (LAD) (β=0.232, P=0.025). It was found that postoperative TBIL levels increased and then gradually decreased to baseline within 5 days without intervention. The bilirubin ratio <1.211 indicated the possibility of 1-year AF recurrence after ablation with a predictive value of 0.743 (specificity = 75.00%, sensitivity = 66.67%).
CONCLUSION: Bilirubin elevation post PAF RFCA was a common phenomenon and was associated with 1-year recurrence of AF in PAF patients after RFCA.
For the treatment of HIV-1 in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older, the recommended oral dose of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablet is 8 mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate per kilogram of body weight (up to a maximum of 300 mg) once daily administered as oral tablets.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is available as tablets in 300 mg strengths for pediatric patients who weigh greater than or equal to 17 kg and who are able to reliably swallow intact tablets. The dose is one tablet once daily taken orally, without regard to food.

Tables 2 contain dosing recommendations for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets based on body weight. Weight should be monitored periodically and the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate dose adjusted accordingly.

Table 2 Dosing Recommendations for Pediatric Patients ≥2 Years of Age and Weighing ≥17 kg Using Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets.
OBJECTIVE: Race plays a salient role in access to surgical care. However, few investigations have assessed the impact of race within surgical populations after care has been delivered. The objective of this study was to employ an exact matching protocol to a homogenous population of spine surgery patients in order to isolate the relationships between race and short-term postoperative outcomes.
METHODS: In total, 4263 consecutive patients who underwent single-level, posterior-only lumbar fusion at a single multihospital academic medical center were retrospectively enrolled. Of these patients, 3406 patients self-identified as White and 857 patients self-identified as non-White. Outcomes were initially compared across all patients via logistic regression. Subsequently, White patients and non-White patients were exactly matched on the basis of key demographic and health characteristics (1520 matched patients). Outcome disparities were evaluated between the exact-matched cohorts. Primary outcomes were readmissions, emergency department (ED) visits, reoperations, mortality, intraoperative complications, and discharge disposition.
RESULTS: Before matching, non-White patients were less likely to be discharged home and more likely to be readmitted, evaluated in the ED, and undergo reoperation. After matching, non-White patients experienced higher rates of nonhome discharge, readmissions, and ED visits. Non-White patients did not have more surgical complications either before or after matching.
CONCLUSIONS: Between otherwise similar cohorts of spinal fusion cases, non-White patients experienced unfavorable discharge disposition and higher risk of multiple adverse postoperative outcomes. However, these findings were not accounted for by differences in surgical complications, suggesting that structural factors underlie the observed disparities.
Treatment should be initiated with COZAAR 50 mg once daily. Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg should be added or HYZAAR 50-12.5 substituted if the blood pressure reduction is inadequate. If additional blood pressure reduction is needed, COZAAR 100 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg or HYZAAR 100-12.5 may be substituted, followed by COZAAR 100 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg or HYZAAR 100-25. For further blood pressure reduction other antihypertensives should be added (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Effects, Losartan Potassium, Reduction in the Risk of Stroke).

HYZAAR may be administered with other antihypertensive agents.

HYZAAR may be administered with or without food.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCDs) have been developed as a temporary measure for protecting patients at risk for sudden cardiac death that do not meet the indication for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), most notably in the early stages of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction before reassessment of their left ventricular ejection fraction. In this review, we report available evidence in the literature and guidelines regarding WCD use in order to try to define the role WCDs may have in heart failure.
RECENT FINDINGS: In the last decade, most observational studies found WCDs to be both safe and effective in terminating ventricular arrhythmias in various indications, mostly centered around heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The only available randomized controlled trial using WCD did not however show a benefit on patients' survival. Hence, recent guidelines only recommended its use in limited indications. Recent data also suggest a possible interest of WCD in monitoring patients, a finding that may prove useful in the context of new-onset heart failure. Data regarding WCD benefit is scarce, and definitive conclusions on its utility are hard to draw. In the context of heart failure, and particularly new-onset heart failure, WCD might find a role in a global comprehensive management of the disease, both acting as an educational tool, a monitoring tool, and, most importantly, a safe and effective tool in preventing sudden cardiac death. The low level of evidence however invites caution, and the decision of prescribing a WCD needs to be individualized and thoroughly discussed with the patient whose compliance is key with this device.
Stage 3 or stage 4 colorectal cancer patients, being administered any type of treatment that the patient has not experienced before. Dosage form, dosage, frequency and duration will be either standard of care and accessed via normal commissioning arrangements, or will be part of an ethics-approved clinical trial, where co-enrollment into an observational study is permitted.