anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
By the end of 2005, approximately 2.3 million children worldwide were living with HIV/AIDS.1 At least 660,000 children worldwide have advanced HIV/AIDS and are in dire need of antiretroviral treatment. While many barriers exist to scaling up HIV/AIDS care and treatment globally, access to life-saving treatments for children is increasing. The protease inhibitor, lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra®), is recommended as a first-line agent by the World Health Organization and by the US Department of Health and Human Services for the treatment of pediatric patients in resource-limited settings and in the United States.

The prescribing information states that these tablets may not be crushed, broken or chewed, and the manufacturer does not plan to examine the pharmacokinetics of crushed tablets at this time. The company found that the crushed tablets were poorly absorbed in a small pharmacokinetic study in several dogs. While this information has spread through investigators by word-of-mouth, this information has not been published in any forum by the company, and no guidance as to the extent of the decrease in absorption has been provided. However, patients and caregivers are dosing pediatric patients with crushed tablets to overcome some of the limitations of the oral solution. If crushed tablet administration yields significantly lower systemic exposure to lopinavir than whole tablets, then patients using this administration technique will be at higher risk for development of viral resistance and treatment failure. This administration technique must be studied so that providers have evidence to support recommendations about this dose administration strategy.
It was found that 8-exo-formyl-2,6-exo-tricyclo[5.2.1.0 2 ,6 ]decane having the constitution and stereochemistry of formula (I) possesses particularly useful olfactory properties which are clearly superior to those of the 8-endo-epimer and which already have an effect if compound (I) is enriched with mixtures of 8-exo- and 8-endo-epimers. Compound (I) can therefore be advantageously used, in pure or enriched form, as a scent or as a component of perfume compositions. To prepare an enriched epimer mixture, a mixture obtained in a known manner (U.S. Pat. No. 3,270,061) and having an exo/endo ratio of 1.45:1 is brought into equilibrium by base catalysis, preferably by the action of alkali hydroxides in alcoholic solution, to give an exo/endo ratio of 5.25:1. Alternatively, the enriched epimer mixture can be prepared starting from 8-formyl-2,6-exo-tricyclo[5.2.1.0 2 ,6 ]decene-3(4), catalytically hydrogenated for example with palladium coal and then optionally brought into equilibrium. Or 2,6-exo-tricyclo[5.2.1.0 2 ,6 ]decene-8 can be hydroformylated and also optionally brought into equilibrium. The pure compound (I) is prepared by reducing preferably a mixture of 8-exo- and 8-endo-epimers obtained in the manner known per se to a mixture of the corresponding alcohols, from which the 8-exo-configured methylol is isolated by chromatography or distillation and oxidized to obtain the aldehyde (compound I) again.
PURPOSE:To offer a pulverized emulsion compsn. superior in pH stability over a long period of time and undergoing no pH change even after storage over a long period of time. CONSTITUTION:A hydrophilic ionic surfactant (d) and Ethylenediamine hydrochloric acid (e) are added to an emulsion having 10-200nm average particle size obtd. by colliding a pre-emulsion consisting of an oily substance which is liq. at room temp. (a), a nonionic surfactant having 7.0-16.0HLB (b) and pre- emulsions made of water (c) against a wall or colliding against each other.
Oral placebo will be given for 8 weeks at a dose of three capsules once daily. Fultium-D3 and placebo will be identical in appearance and taste. Participants may also be given a Sensemedic dispenser each for real-time adherence monitoring and shown how to use it. All participants will be given a supply of Fultium-D3 at a dose of 3,200 IU/day at the end of the study.
PURPOSE: To explore quantitative and qualitative features of anomia in participants with left-hemisphere stroke, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study compares signs of anomia within and across participants (n = 87), divided into four groups; moderate to severe anomia after stroke (MSAS, n = 19), mild anomia after stroke (MAS, n = 22), PD (n = 19) and MS (n = 27). Aspects analysed include naming accuracy and speed, the nature of incorrect responses, semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, information content in re-telling, and the relationship between test results and self-reports on word-finding difficulties and communicative participation.
RESULTS: All groups had impaired verbal fluency, prolonged response times and reduced information content in re-telling. The MSAS group had significantly more signs of anomia than the other groups. Results from the other groups overlapped on a MAS-PD-MS continuum. Both semantically and phonologically incorrect responses were common in the stroke groups, while semantically incorrect ones predominated in the PD and MS groups. All four groups reported a similar negative impact on self-perceived communicative participation. Correlations between self-reports and test results were inconsistent.
CONCLUSIONS: Anomia features have quantitative and qualitative similarities and differences across neurological conditions.
Microglia play diverse pathophysiological roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with genetic susceptibility factors skewing microglial cell function to influence AD risk. CD33 is an immunomodulatory receptor associated with AD susceptibility through a single nucleotide polymorphism that modulates mRNA splicing, skewing protein expression from a long protein isoform (CD33M) to a short isoform (CD33m). Understanding how human CD33 isoforms differentially impact microglial cell function in vivo has been challenging due to functional divergence of CD33 between mice and humans. We address this challenge by studying transgenic mice expressing either of the human CD33 isoforms crossed with the 5XFAD mouse model of amyloidosis and find that human CD33 isoforms have opposing effects on the response of microglia to amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. Mice expressing CD33M have increased Aβ levels, more diffuse plaques, fewer disease-associated microglia, and more dystrophic neurites compared to 5XFAD control mice. Conversely, CD33m promotes plaque compaction and microglia-plaque contacts, and minimizes neuritic plaque pathology, highlighting an AD protective role for this isoform. Protective phenotypes driven by CD33m are detected at an earlier timepoint compared to the more aggressive pathology in CD33M mice that appears at a later timepoint, suggesting that CD33m has a more prominent impact on microglia cell function at earlier stages of disease progression. In addition to divergent roles in modulating phagocytosis, scRNAseq and proteomics analyses demonstrate that CD33m+ microglia upregulate nestin, an intermediate filament involved in cell migration, at plaque contact sites. Overall, our work provides new functional insights into how CD33, as a top genetic susceptibility factor for AD, modulates microglial cell function.
This protocol results from a funded 2005 Bench-to-Bedside Award and explores the genetic basis of disease severity in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and the evaluation of three methods to measure disease progression of dermal neurofibromas. NF1 is a common multisystem genetic disorder associated with the development of benign and malignant tumors, primarily of the nervous system. NF1 is 100% penetrant and features variable expressivity and limited phenotype/genotype correlation. No standard treatment other than surgery exists for most NF1-associated tumors. Many aspects of the natural history of NF1-associated tumors are not fully characterized and require investigation to assess the effects of potential new treatments, in future clinical trials. The development of medical treatments for NF1-associated tumors is an important goal given their morbidity and the lack of non-surgical treatment options. The ability to predict the ultimate severity of disease would have a significant impact on the management and treatment of individuals with NF1.

Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006) is a novel, orally bioavailable agent that targets downstream effectors in the Ras signaling pathway (a key dysregulated pathway in NF1). It has thus a strong scientific rationale for evaluation in NF1 related tumors. Dermal neurofibromas occur in nearly every individual with NF1, and are a significant cosmetic problem and a major cause of morbidity. This protocol will 1) quantify the growth of dermal neurofibromas in NF1 with 3 different imaging modalities 2) use an innovative gene expression method to identify genetic modifiers of dermal neurofibroma burden, and 3) evaluate dermal neurofibromas and normal skin for the presence of targets of sorafenib. Successful validation of reliable quantitative imaging methods of dermal neurofibroma growth is a logical prerequisite to subsequent clinical trials with medical treatments, which will evaluate the effect of new agents on the growth rate of dermal neurofibromas. Identification of genetic modifiers may permit prediction of ultimate tumor burden. Evaluation of targets of new agents in dermal neurofibromas will allow for more rationale drug development for NF1. Given the paucity of protocols for adults with NF1 and dermal neurofibromas, this study will likely generate great interest among affected individuals and have rapid accrual.
INTRODUCTION: Reliable assessment of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) is essential for providing adequate treatment. Clinical assessment is a complex and time-consuming task, especially for bradykinesia, since its evaluation can be influenced by the degree of experience of the examiner, patient collaboration and individual bias. Improvement of the clinical evaluation can be obtained by considering assessments from several professionals. However, this is only true when inter and intra-rater agreement are high. Recently, the Movement Disorder Society highlighted, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to develop and validate technologies for remote assessment of the motor status of people with PD. Thus, this study introduces an objective strategy for the remote evaluation of bradykinesia using multi-specialist analysis.
METHODS: Twelve volunteers with PD participated and these were asked to execute finger tapping, hand opening/closing and pronation/supination movements. Each task was recorded and rated by fourteen PD health experts for each patient. The scores were assessed on an individual basis. Intra and inter-rater agreement and correlation were estimated.
RESULTS: The results showed that agreements and correlations between experienced examiners were high with low variability. In addition, group analysis was noted as possessing the potential to solve individual inconsistency bias.
CONCLUSION: Furthermore, this study demonstrated the need for a group with prior training and experience, along with indicating the importance for the development of a clinical protocol that can use telemedicine for the evaluation of individuals with PD, as well as the inclusion of a specialized mediating group. In Addition, this research helps to the development of a valid remote assessment of bradykinesia.
The dietary supplement is in liquid form and represents a new combination of known herbs whose synergistic action contributes to the loss of body weight. It stimulates exchange of substances and metabolism, regulates appetite, facilitates the burning of excess fat, supports the process of building muscle mass and helps muscle recovery after exercise. It has an overall beneficial effect on the body as well as it increases energy and endurance and cleanses from accumulated toxins. It has an immune system stimulating effect. The composition of the dietary supplement contains, as the main ingredient, the raspberry ketone enzyme, extracted entirely from natural red raspberry. It is enriched with derived herbal extracts of fennel and rhubarb, to which purified water, potassium sorbate and raspberry flavour are added.
This study enrolls patients with acute ischemic stroke at the London Health Sciences Center in London, Ontario, Canada. The heart rhythm of the patients is monitored with a CardioSTAT® Holter device (Icentia) for 14 days after the ischemic event onset. Based on this cardiac monitoring and previous medical history, patients are stratified into three groups: (a) atrial fibrillation detected after stroke or transient ischemic attack (AFDAS), (b) atrial fibrillation diagnosed before the ischemic event or known AF (KAF), and (c) normal sinus rhythm (NSR).

Autonomic function is assessed by the levels of plasma catecholamines, a battery of validated autonomic tests \[autonomic reflex screening (ARS)\], heart rate variability (HRV) through data obtained by Holter monitoring by standard quantitative analysis methods according to the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology and by the analysis of diurnal variation of heart rate. Blood samples are collected for the analysis of inflammatory markers (e.g. CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and potential AFDAS predictors such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP- AFDAS biomarker), endothelin-1 (endothelial dysfunction marker), Lipoprotein(a) \[Lp(a)\] and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) plasma levels, TAFI activity, TAFI single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), apo(a) isoform size and plasma catecholamines levels. Furthermore, specific neuroimaging findings (e.g., specific regions of the insula or its connections) and clinical features (e.g., impaired interoceptive processing, cognitive impairment, etc) are also analyzed. Interoception is assessed using a heartbeat detection task without feedback condition and gait, balance, frailty, and cognitive status in patients are evaluated by the administration of a battery of tests. Stroke recurrence will be assessed by a structured phone interview at 6 and 12 months after the initial stroke.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide genes concerning apoptosis or the differentiation or proliferation of nerve cells and to provide a method for evaluating a compound controlling these activities by using these genes and these proteins encoded by these genes.  <P>SOLUTION: As genes concerning apoptosis or the differentiation or proliferation of nerve cells, genes HJ06972 and AF06972 are identified. These genes encode proteins having activities of inducing cell death or the differentiation or proliferation of nerve cells. These proteins have potent activities of inducing the differentiation or proliferation of nerve cells. Based on these genes or proteins encoded thereby, a method for evaluating a compound having an activity of inducing these activities is provided.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Participants will receive cemiplimab and cetuximab together for 6 weeks, and then you will have salvage surgery. Based on how the tumor responds to the study therapy, you may also receive cemiplimab alone for up to 1 year after surgery.
PURPOSE: A composition for forming bone having a vector containing a protein gene with a protein transduction domain(PTD) and osteogenic function is provided to effectively induce differentiation and proliferation of osteoblast. CONSTITUTION: A composition for inducing bone formation contains a vector containing a protein gene with a protein transduction domain(PTD) and osteogenic function as an active ingredient. The protein transduction domain is a protein transduction oligomer of chemical formula 1. The protein gene having osteogenic function is BMP-2 gene(GenBank Accession No. AAF21646). The vector further contains a suicide gene. An osteogenic composition contains the composition for inducing bone formation and stem cells as active ingredients. A composition for treating or preventing bone diseases contains the osteogenic composition as an active ingredient.
Participants will receive KPT-8602 once daily at escalated doses. The starting dose for KPT-8602 is 5 mg orally once daily from Day 8 to Day 28 (Weeks 2 to 4) on a 28-day cycle in combination with ASTX727.
Certain substances are provided which have the ability to relax smooth vascular muscle, having an endothelial lining, when administered in vitro or by intravenous injection. Examples of useful substances which are pharmaceutically-acceptable include phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and certain lysolecithins. The concentration required is at least about 3 units of PLA2 and at least about 10-5 Molar lysolecithin. The lysolecithins are dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, for injection. Alternatively, phospholipase A2 is administered directly. The resulting solutions should have a pharmacologically-effective amount of the substance dissolved therein. Importantly, the body does not develop a tolerance to the lysolecithin.
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), a cause of cerebral dysfunction during cerebral infarction treatment, is closely associated with mitochondrial viscosity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the accurate measurement of mitochondrial viscosity and H2O2 levels in CIRI is challenging because of the lack of sufficient selectivity and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration of existing monitoring tools related to CIRI, hampering the exploration of the role of mitochondrial viscosity and H2O2 in CIRI. To address this issue, we designed an activatable fluorescent probe, mitochondria-targeting styryl-quinolin-ium (Mito-IQS), with excellent properties including high selectivity, mitochondrial targeting, and BBB penetration, for the visualization of mitochondrial viscosity and H2O2 in the brain. Based on the real-time monitoring capabilities of the probe, bursts of mitochondrial viscosity and H2O2 levels were visualized during CIRI. This probe can be used to monitor the therapeutic effects of butylphthalein treatment. More importantly, in vivo experiments further confirmed that CIRI was closely associated with the mitochondrial viscosity and H2O2 levels. This discovery provides new insights and tools for the study of CIRI and is expected to accelerate the process of CIRI diagnosis, treatment, and drug design.
Adapt and evaluate a decision aid for patients with rectal cancer. Phase1: decision aid testing (Delphi) A pilot version of the Belgian decision aid was developed and validated through a double Delphi procedure. In this study, the assessment is extended to several multicentre experts. The panel consists of ten experts who have extensive knowledge in the field of rectal cancer or scientific research. They are asked to evaluate the information and questions on accuracy, clarity, readability and relevance. They score the items of the decision aid using a 4-point Likert-type scale (one (one = totally irrelevant; four = very relevant) and a dichotomous scale (one = clear, two = not clear) to assess relevance and clarity of wording, respectively (see Appendix 2 to this application). To quantify the degree of content validity, the Content Validity Index (CVI) is used.

Phase2: pilot test decision aid The final step of the study is a pilot test of the decision aid with patients who will undergo surgery/watch and wait strategy in the near future and with healthcare professionals who work with the decision aid. The aim is to test the acceptability of the decision aid with the patient and the ease of use with the healthcare professional. With the feedback from the patients and the healthcare professional, the decision aid can be further refined.

During the consultation in which the intervention is discussed, the consent to participate will be asked of the patient and also of the informal carer who may be present at that moment. Participation in the study means that during this consultation, the caregiver involved will go through the decision aid completely with the patient and any informal carer. After the intervention, they will be asked to give feedback on their experiences with the use of the decision aid. This will be done by means of an interview for the patients, informal carers and care workers involved. The interview with the patient (and informal carer if applicable) will take place at home or in the hospital, depending on their preference. The interview with the caregiver takes place in the hospital where the caregiver works. If the current Covid-19 pandemic does not allow for a visit to the patient's home or to another hospital, the interviews will be conducted by telephone or video call.
PURPOSE: A composition for preventing or treating serotonin or derivatives is provided to promote melanogenesis and melanocyte migration and to treat vitiligo. CONSTITUTION: A composition for preventing or treating vitiligo contains serotonin or derivative thereof as an active ingredient. The composition further contains serotonin receptor 2A agonist. The serotonin receptor 2A agonist is (±)-2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride. The composition is manufacture in the form of an ointment, gel, cream, liniment, and lotion. A method for screening a pigmentation inhibitor comprises: a step of treating serotonin or serotonin receptor 2A agonist to melanocytes; a step of treating a candidate material as a pigmentation inhibitor to the melanocytes; a step of selecting the candidate material which reduces melanogenesis or suppresses cell proliferation. A composition for suppressing pigmentation contains the serotonin receptor 2A agonist as an active ingredient. The agonist is ketanserin.
This specialty clinic is a unique practice setting where patients with ≥1 recurrent CDI and/or refractory disease are referred. The study will represent real-world data on the clinical use of bezlotoxumab as adjunctive therapy in combination with vancomycin or fidaxomicin for the treatment of patients with recurrent CDI. Retrospective chart review will be conducted for patients who visited the specialty CDI clinic between 1/1/2005 through 12/5/2019. Case patients will be defined as patients who have received bezlotoxumab 10 mg/kg intravenously in addition to standard CDI treatment. Controls will be defined as patients who have received only standard CDI treatment and will be enrolled in a 2:1 ratio to cases. The primary outcome is recurrence of CDI. Recurrence is defined as a new episode of C. difficile infection that occurs after the initial clinical cure of the baseline episode within 12 weeks of receipt of bezlotoxumab or standard CDI treatment. Clinical cure is defined as no diarrhea for 2 consecutive days after completion of standard-of-care CDI therapy. Recurrent CDI will be diagnosed via clinical signs and symptoms and CDI diagnostic assay.
The intervention in this study involves taking blood sample from an existing arterial line for measurement of blood propofol levels. The drug in evaluation is Propofol 2% (Diprivan 2%, Astra Zeneca UK) administered as a target controlled infusion using the commercially available paediatric TCI models (Paedfusor and Marsh models). The dose range is usually between a target concentration of 3-8 mcg/ml. However the anaesthetic management is not changed for the study. The blood concentrations of propofol will be measured using Pelorus 1500 (Sphere Medical, UK), a CE marked device. The anaesthetist will be blinded from the measurements, unless the measured value was outside the safe limit ( \< 3 mcg/ml or \> 10mcg/ml).