anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: The NCCN guidelines recommend genetic testing in those patients at increased risk of breast cancer in order to identify candidates for increased frequency of screening or prophylactic mastectomy. However, genetic testing may now identify patients who may benefit from recently developed targeted breast cancer therapy. In order to more widely identify these patients, we implemented genetic counseling for all patients diagnosed with breast cancer.
METHODS: In 2021, all patients evaluated within a Midwestern community hospital system diagnosed with breast cancer were offered genetic counseling. This group of patients was compared to a cohort of patients in 2021 who were offered genetic counseling based on NCCN guidelines. With Pearson's chi square, Fisher's Exact test, Mann-Whitney U, and multivariate regression as appropriate, individual demographic data and genetic testing completion between 2019 and 2021 were evaluated.
RESULTS: A total of 973 patients were reviewed. 439 were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2019 and 534 in 2021. Demographics and stage at diagnosis (p = 0.194) were similar between years. Completion of genetic testing increased from 204 (46.5%) in 2019 to 338 (63.3%) in 2021 (p < 0.01) with the universal counseling protocol. Specifically, genetic testing completion increased significantly in older patients (p = 0.041) and patients receiving Medicare benefits (p = 0.005). The overall pathogenic variants found increased from 32 to 39 with the most common including BRCA2 (n = 11), CFTR (n = 9), CHEK2 (n = 8), BRCA1 (n = 6).
CONCLUSION: Universal genetic counseling was related to a significant increase in genetic testing completion and an increase in pathogenic variants found among breast cancer patients, specifically in subpopulations which may have been previously excluded by traditional NCCN genetic testing screening guidelines.
Calcitriol is a synthetic vitamin D analog which is active in the regulation of the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract and its utilization in the body. Calcitriol is available as an oral solution containing 1 mcg/mL of calcitriol. All dosage forms contain butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as antioxidants. The oral solution contains a fractionated triglyceride of palm seed oil.

The oral solution contains no additional adjuvants or coloring principles.

Calcitriol is a white or almost white, crystalline compound which occurs naturally in humans. It has a calculated molecular weight of 416.65 and is soluble in organic solvents but relatively insoluble in water. Chemically, calcitriol is 9,10- seco(5Z,7E)-5,7,10(19)-cholestatriene-1α, 3β, 25-triol and has the following structural formula:

The other names frequently used for calcitriol are 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-DHCC, 1,25(OH)2D3 and 1,25-diOHC.
Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic pain condition characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and sleep disturbances. People with fibromyalgia can experience both autonomic and somatic disturbances, cognitive and mental health symptoms, and hypersensitivity to external stimuli. Fibromyalgia often co-occurs with a range of well-researched comorbidities (e.g., temporomandibular disorders, migraine, and irritable bowel syndrome). However, emerging research suggests that individuals with fibromyalgia also often experience eating, drinking, and swallowing problems (e.g., odynophagia, glossodynia, etc.). However, there is very little known about these issues, their psychosocial impact, or the best means of managing them clinically. As such, the aim of this research was to examine the epidemiology, prevalence and nature of eating and swallowing problems in adults with fibromyalgia as reported within previous research. A systematic search of electronic databases, selected conference proceedings, and reference lists was completed in March 2021, with no date or language restrictions. Studies reporting the presence and nature of eating and drinking problems in this cohort were included. Eligibility was assessed by two independent reviewers who also critically appraised the included studies using the Joanna Briggs Tool. This literature search yielded a total of 38 potentially eligible studies, with 6 studies included in analysis. Studies were highly heterogeneous in methodology and design, with meta-analysis showing that dysphagia and GERD are prevalent in fibromyalgia patients (51.9% and 25.9%, respectively), among other issues. From review of existing literature, eating and swallowing problems appear to be common among adults with fibromyalgia, with potential additional repercussions for activity, participation, and quality of life. Further research is required to prospectively investigate these issues, with patient and public involvement necessary to guide impactful research planning.
The clinical study described herein aims to compare surgical outcomes of X-STOP® Interspinous Process Decompression® (IPD) system implantation and conventional laminectomy in subjects requiring surgical intervention due to symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and a confirmed diagnosis on MRI, X-ray or CT. Patients with LSS meeting entry criteria will be randomized to either X-STOP® IPD or laminectomy treatment. Patients will remain blinded to the procedure received. The primary study outcome is group differences in the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ) at 12 months post-operative. In addition, each subject will undergo follow-up assessment at 2 weeks and 2, 12 and 24 months post-operative. The secondary objective is to compare safety profiles and the radiographic outcomes between groups using pre- and post-operative MRI and flexion/extension X-rays, to measure changes in canal and neuroforaminal cross sectional areas and spinal stability, respectively.
The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of FK463 versus fluconazole in preventing fungal infections in patients undergoing an autologous (for hematologic malignancies) or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. This is a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study in patients six months of age and older. Study drug, either FK463 at 50 mg/day (1.0 mg/kg/day in patients weighing less than 50 kg) or fluconazole at 400 mg/day (8 mg/kg/day in patients weighing less than 50 kg), will be administered intravenously once daily in a blinded manner. Study drug will continue until neutrophil recovery (defined as a post nadir absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of greater than or equal to 500/mm3). Patients who develop a proven, probable, or suspected (requires empirical antifungal therapy) fungal infection will be discontinued from the prophylactic regimen. The maximum time the patient may receive study drug is 42 days post transplant.
Study E (NCT02670915): FIASP added to insulin degludec in pediatric patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

The efficacy of FIASP was evaluated in a 26-week, randomised, multinational, active controlled, treat-to-target, 3-armed parallel-group trial in 777 pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Patients were randomized to either blinded mealtime FIASP (N=260), blinded mealtime NovoLog (N=258), or open-label postmeal FIASP (N=259), all in combination with once daily insulin degludec. Mealtime FIASP or NovoLog was injected 0-2 minutes before the meal, and postmeal FIASP was injected 20 minutes after the start of the meal. 

The mean age of the subjects at baseline was 11.7 years (range 2 to 17 years) and the mean duration of diabetes was 4.4 years. 54% were male, 81% were White, 16% were Asian and 2% were Black or African American. The mean BMI was 19.7 kg/m2. 

After 26 weeks of treatment, the treatment difference for change in HbA1c from baseline between mealtime FIASP compared to mealtime NovoLog, and the treatment difference between postmeal FIASP compared to mealtime NovoLog met the pre-specified non-inferiority margin (0.4%). See Table 8. Insulin doses were similar among study arms at baseline and at the end of the trial.

Table 8. Results from Study E: 26-Week Trial of Mealtime FIASP and Postmeal FIASP compared to Mealtime NovoLog Used in Combination with Insulin Degludec in Pediatrics with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Baseline is based on the mean of the observed last available values prior to randomization.

*Tested for non-inferiority

Estimated treatment difference was calculated using ANCOVA. Week 26, change in HbA1c was missing for 1.5%, 1.9%, and 1.6% of subjects in mealtime FIASP, post-meal FIASP, and NovoLog respectively. Missing values were imputed with a missing at random assumption.
BACKGROUND: Timely reperfusion is necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Initial care by facilities with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) capabilities reduces time to reperfusion. We sought to examine whether insurance status was associated with initial care at emergency departments (EDs) with PCI capabilities among adult patients with STEMI.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using Department of Healthcare Access and Information, a nonpublic statewide database reporting ED visits and hospitalizations in California. We included adults initially arriving at EDs with STEMI by diagnostic code (International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision or 10th Revision) from 2011 to 2019. Multivariable logistic regression modeling included initial care by PCI capable facility as the primary outcome and insurance status (none vs. any) as the primary exposure. Covariates included patient, facility, and temporal factors and we conducted multiple robustness checks.
RESULTS: We analyzed 135,358 eligible visits with STEMI included. In our multivariable model, the odds of uninsured patients being initially treated at a PCI-capable facility were significantly lower than those of insured patients (adjusted odds ratio 0.62, 95% CI 0.54-0.72, p < 0.001) and was unchanged in sensitivity analyses.
CONCLUSIONS: Uninsured patients with STEMI had significantly lower odds of first receiving care at facilities with PCI capabilities. Our results suggest potential disparities in accessing high-quality and time-sensitive treatment for uninsured patients with STEMI.
BACKGROUND: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is associated prospectively with weight gain and obesity in observational studies of adults. Unaccounted for confounding is a risk when attempting to make causal inference from observational studies. Limited research has examined how feasible it is that unmeasured confounding may explain associations between UPF consumption and weight gain in observational research.
METHODS: We introduce the E value to obesity researchers. The E value is defined as the minimum hypothetical strength of association that one or more unaccounted for confounding variables would need to have with an exposure (UPF consumption) and outcome (weight gain) to explain the association between the exposure and outcome of interest. We meta-analysed prospective studies on the association between UPF consumption and weight gain in adults to provide an effect estimation. Next, we applied the E value approach to this effect estimate and illustrated the potential role that unmeasured or hypothetical residual confounding variables could theoretically have in explaining associations.
RESULTS: Higher consumption of UPFs was associated with increased weight gain in meta-analysis (RR = 1.14). The corresponding E value = 1.55, indicating that unaccounted for confounding variables with small-to-moderate sized associations with UPF consumption and weight gain (e.g., depressive symptoms, trait overeating tendencies, access to healthy and nutritious food) could individually or collectively hypothetically account for observed associations between UPF consumption and weight gain.
CONCLUSIONS: Unaccounted for confounding could plausibly explain the prospective association between UPF consumption and weight gain in adults. High quality observational research controlling for potential confounders and evidence from study types devoid of confounding are now needed.
This Cumulative Irritation Evaluation is designed to determine the skin irritation potential of RUT058-60, after repetitive patch application to abraded and non-abraded skin of healthy human subjects. Abraded skin will be challenged because the Test Product may be used, in practice, on non-intact skin. The primary research objective in this study is determine the skin irritation potential of RUT058-60. This question will be answered based on the observed results acquired evaluating its application to the abraded and non-abraded skin of at least 30 volunteer subjects, on the test product relative to the control readings.

A sufficient number of subjects will be recruited into the study to ensure 30 subjects, including both males and females, complete the study. Prior to the first application of test materials, designated skin sites will be abraded using the Tape Stripping Procedure. Occlusive patches will be used to apply approximately 0.02 mL of Test Product, Positive Control and Negative Control to abraded and non-abraded sites on the skin in the scapular region of each subject's back. The irritation potential of the test materials will be determined over the course of a 21-day challenge period on at least 30 subjects. A test material will be applied to the same site, abraded and non-abraded, on each day for 21 days. The six skin sites will be evaluated visually prior to each patch application and following the final patch removal.
NEW MATERIAL:An azacycloalkane derivative of formula I (R is alkyl; m is 2, 3 or 4; n is integer of 1-15; R is 5-11C alkyl when n is 1-3). EXAMPLE:1-(2-Nonylthioethyl)azacyclopentan-2-one. USE:An absorbefacient having remarkable effect to promote the impregnation and permeation of drug in a bio-membrane, extremely low topical toxicity and systemic toxicity to bio-membrane and high safety. PREPARATION:The compound of formula I can be produced by reacting a compound of formula IV (n is integer of 2-15) with a compound of formula RSH in a solvent inert to the reaction (e.g. benzene, toluene, etc.) in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator (e.g. benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, etc.) at 0-150 deg.C for 2-18hr in nitrogen atmosphere or in the absence of the atmosphere.
In the field of contemporary medicine, inflammation has emerged as a significant concern in global public health. Among the current anti-inflammatory strategies, nanozymes possess distinctive advantages and demonstrate unexpected efficacy in combating inflammation. However, the indeterminate structures and limited enzyme-like activity exhibited by most developed nanozymes impede their clinical translation and therapeutic effectiveness. In this paper, we developed a nanozyme derived from a well-defined metal-organic cage (MOC). The oxidized MOC (MOC-O), containing pyridine nitrogen oxide moieties, exhibited effective cascade superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)-like activities for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). This ROS scavenging ability was confirmed through flow cytometry analysis using DCFH-DA in a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model, where MOC-O significantly alleviated oxidative stress. Furthermore, the administration of MOC-O resulted in preserved renal function during renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury due to downregulated oxidative stress levels and reduced cell apoptosis.
Methods are described for dilating biological conduits by removing elastin and remodeling collagens in the wall of the conduit. Methods include the use of agents that increase the release of endogenous elastase and collagenase in the wall of the conduit, either by cells that are normally present in the wall of the conduit or by inflammatory cells that are attracted to the conduit, thereby providing additional conduit dilation. Methods also include the use of agents that increase conduit wall permeability and expose elastin and collagen fibers. Methods also include removing components of the extracellular matrix of arteries and veins leading to an inhibition of intimal hyperplasia in the wall of the vessels by decreasing biomechanical stimuli directed toward the cells in the wall of the vessel. Methods further include the use of agent that degrade micro fibers, in addition to elastin, in order to decrease the resynthesis of elastin. Methods also include the use of agent that stabilize the diameter of aneurysmal arteries by blocking cell surface receptors in the wall of the aneurysmal artery that are important in the recruitment of inflammatory cells.
NEW MATERIAL:A 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid derivative shown by the formula I (R<1> is H, or ethyl group; R<2> is alkyl; Y is O, or S). EXAMPLE:8-n-Propoxy-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester. USE:Useful for preventing and remedying allergic diseases caused by an antigen- antibody reaction, such as asthma, dermatitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, etc. Has low toxicity. PREPARATION:As shown the equation, a 2-substituted aniline derivative shown by the formula II is reacted with ethoxymethylmalonic acid diethyl ester in the absence of a solvent under heating at 100-150 deg.C to give a (2-substituted anilinomethylene)malonic acid diethyl ester derivative shown by the formula III. Then, the compound shown by the formula III is reacted in a high-boiling solvent at 250 deg.C, to give a compound shown by the formula Ia. Then it is further hydrolyzed with an alkali conventionally, to give a compound shown by the formula Ib.
Hypothyroidism has high prevalence in elderly women, which overlaps with the patient population who opt for post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. While hypothyroidism was shown to impact outcomes in other surgeries, its effect on breast reconstruction has not been established. This study aimed to compare the short-term outcomes of patients with and without hypothyroidism who underwent autologous (ABR) and implant-based breast reconstruction (IBR), respectively. Patients having ABR or IBR were identified in the National Inpatient Sample from Q4 2015-2020. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to compare in-hospital outcomes between patients with and without hypothyroidism, adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics. There were 12,765 patients underwent ABR, where 1591 (12.46%) of them had hypothyroidism, while 17,670 patients had IBR with 1,984 (11.23%) having hypothyroidism. Hypothyroid patients had a higher risk of hemorrhage/hematoma (aOR = 1.254, 95 CI 1.079-1.457, p < 0.01) after ABR. However, there were no differences in terms of mortality and organ system complications, nor wound dehiscence, superficial/deep wound complications, seroma, flap revision, excessive scarring, venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, vascular complications, infection, sepsis, transfer out, length of stay (LOS), nor hospital charge between patients with and without hypothyroidism after ABR. All postoperative outcomes were comparable between hypothyroid patients and controls after IBR. While breast reconstruction is generally safe for hypothyroid patients, preoperative screening for hypothyroidism may be beneficial for those undergoing ABR. In ABR, hypothyroidism correction and blood management may help prevent bleeding complications in hypothyroid patients. Future studies should explore the long-term prognosis of hypothyroid patients after breast reconstruction.
This randomized trial will test whether learning a novel set of 'stability skills' before losing weight improves long-term weight management (i.e., during a subsequent follow-up period once classes and staff contact have ended). Overweight/obese participants will be randomly assigned to one of two conditions (Maintenance First or Weight Loss First). In the Maintenance First condition, participants will learn stability skills during a novel 8-week maintenance program before participating in a standard 20-week behavioral weight-loss program. In the Weight Loss First condition (usual care/active comparator condition), participants will participate in a standard 20-week behavioral weight-loss program followed by a standard 8-week problem-solving skills maintenance program. Participants in both conditions will participate in identical standard 20-week behavioral weight-loss programs and be offered the same number of 90-minute weekly classes over the 6-month intervention period, (thus matching for time and attention from study-led health educators). Participants will be assessed at baseline and 6 months during the 6-month intervention period and at 12 and 18 months during the subsequent 12-month follow-up period (i.e., after classes and staff contact have ended). There will be no intervention staff contact during the 12-month follow-up, only 6, 12 and 18-month assessments. The primary aim will test whether participants in the Maintenance First condition gain less weight during the 12-month follow-up period (i.e., 6-18 months) than those in the Weight Loss First (active comparator) condition. Secondary questions of interest include examining psychometrics of lifestyle behavior questions (e.g., physical activity).
BACKGROUND: The study of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a developing country like Thailand has rarely been conducted in long-term cohorts, especially among the working-age population. We aim to assess the prevalence and incidence of risk factors and their associations underlying NCDs, especially type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among healthcare workers enrolled in the Siriraj Health (SIH) study cohort.
METHODS: The SIH study was designed as a longitudinal cohort and conducted at Siriraj hospital, Thailand. A total of 5,011 participants (77% women) were recruited and follow-up. Physical examinations, blood biochemical analyses, family history assessments, behavior evaluations, and genetics factors were assessed.
RESULTS: The average age was 35.44±8.24 years and 51% of participants were overweight and obese. We observed that men were more likely to have a prevalence of T2DM and dyslipidemia (DLP) compared to women. Aging was significantly associated with pre-diabetes and T2DM (P<0.001). Additionally, aging, metabolic syndrome, and elevated triglycerides were associated with the development of pre-diabetes and T2DM. The minor T allele of the rs7903146(C/T) and rs4506565 (A/T) were associated with a high risk of developing pre-diabetes with odds ratios of 2.74 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32-23.3) and 2.71 (95% CI: 0.32-23.07), respectively; however, these associations were statistically insignificant (P>0.05).
CONCLUSION: The findings of the SIH study provide a comprehensive understanding of the health status, risk factors, and genetic factors related to T2DM in a specific working population and highlight areas for further research and intervention to address the growing burden of T2DM and NCDs.