anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancer and cause of cancer death worldwide. With the rapid aging of global population, the number of elderly patients with local advanced gastric cancer has been continuously increasing. Surgery is the essential treatment for local advanced gastric cancer. However, elderly patients are at high risk of postoperative complications due to reduced functional reserve and increased comorbidities. Studies have shown that elder patients can have postoperative complication incidence up to 18%-32% and surgery-related mortality rate to 3.8%-9.5%. Therefore, elderly patients usually require more restrict operative injury control compared to the younger population. Surgical safety and effectiveness has become a crucial research focus for local advanced gastric cancer among elderly patients.

Laparoscopic gastrectomy is one of the standard treatments for early gastric cancer and has demonstrated its application value in local advanced gastric cancer. Two recent meta-analysis on observational studies have shown the feasibility of laparoscopic gastrectomy in elderly gastric cancer patients. Compared to conventional open resections, elderly patients may benefit from the advantages of laparoscopic approach such as less trauma, less blood loss, faster bowel movement recovery, earlier food intake, and shorter hospitalization. However, laparoscopic gastrectomy raises issues such as prolonged operation time and disturbance of circulatory and respiratory dynamics by carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum during the procedure. Nonetheless, all currently available evidence comes from observational studies that are susceptible to bias and evidence on long-term survival is scarce. The investigators therefore proposed to conduct this randomized controlled trial comparing the feasibility and survival benefit of laparoscopic with open gastrectomy for elderly patients with local advanced gastric cancer. The investigators hypothesized that laparoscopic gastrectomy is superior to open gastrectomy in terms of perioperative safety for local advanced gastric cancer patients aged 70 and above.
PURPOSE:To provide a liquid membrane carcinostatic agent consisting of molecular cluster of a functional hybrid composed of a surfactant and a flavonoid, having low toxicity and exhibiting excellent carcinostatic activity. CONSTITUTION:The objective agent can be produced by adding a flavonoid such as chalcone and flavanone to a mixed molecular cluster of a vesicle-micelle formed by a surfactant. The surfactant is e.g. a methyl-type cationic surfactant. The concentration of the surfactant forming the vesicle molecule is (1-5)X10<-5>mol and that of the surfactant forming the micelle is 3X10<-6>-3X10<-5> mol. The concentration of flavonoid is preferably (1-8)X10-6 mol. The present agent exhibits excellent effect on warm-blooded animals such as domestic animals, dog and cat as well as human.
With the massive proliferation of data-driven algorithms, such as deep learning-based approaches, the availability of high-quality data is of great interest. Volumetric data is very important in medicine, as it ranges from disease diagnoses to therapy monitoring. When the dataset is sufficient, models can be trained to help doctors with these tasks. Unfortunately, there are scenarios where large amounts of data is unavailable. For example, rare diseases and privacy issues can lead to restricted data availability. In non-medical fields, the high cost of obtaining enough high-quality data can also be a concern. A solution to these problems can be the generation of realistic synthetic data using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The existence of these mechanisms is a good asset, especially in healthcare, as the data must be of good quality, realistic, and without privacy issues. Therefore, most of the publications on volumetric GANs are within the medical domain. In this review, we provide a summary of works that generate realistic volumetric synthetic data using GANs. We therefore outline GAN-based methods in these areas with common architectures, loss functions and evaluation metrics, including their advantages and disadvantages. We present a novel taxonomy, evaluations, challenges, and research opportunities to provide a holistic overview of the current state of volumetric GANs.
Dominance heritability in complex traits has received increasing recognition. However, most polygenic score (PGS) approaches do not incorporate non-additive effects. Here, we present GenoBoost, a flexible PGS modeling framework capable of considering both additive and non-additive effects, specifically focusing on genetic dominance. Building on statistical boosting theory, we derive provably optimal GenoBoost scores and provide its efficient implementation for analyzing large-scale cohorts. We benchmark it against seven commonly used PGS methods and demonstrate its competitive predictive performance. GenoBoost is ranked the best for four traits and second-best for three traits among twelve tested disease outcomes in UK Biobank. We reveal that GenoBoost improves prediction for autoimmune diseases by incorporating non-additive effects localized in the MHC locus and, more broadly, works best in less polygenic traits. We further demonstrate that GenoBoost can infer the mode of genetic inheritance without requiring prior knowledge. For example, GenoBoost finds non-zero genetic dominance effects for 602 of 900 selected genetic variants, resulting in 2.5% improvements in predicting psoriasis cases. Lastly, we show that GenoBoost can prioritize genetic loci with genetic dominance not previously reported in the GWAS catalog. Our results highlight the increased accuracy and biological insights from incorporating non-additive effects in PGS models.
INTRODUCTION: Ligation of the renal pedicle is a crucial step in laparoscopic renal harvesting. Currently, two devices are widely used: Hem-o-Lok® clips and staplers. Each has its advantages and disadvantages.
METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases with no time restrictions. Registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023460585), the study's primary outcome measures include the failure rate of the ligation tool, conversion to open surgery, rate of severe bleeding, and device-related death. Other secondary variables are also explored. An assessment of the quality of included comparative studies was performed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool.
RESULTS: Out of 393 articles identified using our keywords, 32 were included. Overall, clips have a lower failure rate during application, elongate graft vessel length, and are more cost-effective. Staples are associated with a shorter warm ischemia time and lower blood loss. There is no significant difference between the two devices in terms of conversion, severe bleeding, death, and blood transfusion.
CONCLUSION: There is no perfect modality for renal pedicle control during laparoscopic harvesting, as each instrument has its pros and cons. Hem-o-Lok® clips are a safe and cost-effective option, particularly suitable for right-sided harvesting or in cases of vascular variations. However, they are still associated with a risk of secondary displacement with potentially serious consequences. Certain technical tricks can mitigate this risk.
Participants will receive a single dose of VX-118 as tablets in the fasted state in dosing period 1, followed by a single dose of VX-118 as tablets in the fed state in dosing period 2, followed by a single dose of VX-118 as a suspension in the fasted state in dosing period 3. A washout period of 8 days will be maintained between the 3 dosing periods.
This initial methods study presents the initial immunohistochemical and transcriptomic changes in the optic nerve head and retina from three research-consented brain-dead organ donors following prolonged and transient intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. In this initial study, research-consented brain-dead organ donors were exposed to unilateral elevation of IOP for 7.5 h (Donor 1), 30 h (Donor 2), and 1 h (Donor 3) prior to organ procurement. Optic nerve tissue and retinal tissue was obtained following organ procurement for immunohistological and transcriptomic analysis. Optic nerve sections in Donor 1 exposed to 7.5-hours of unilateral sub-ischemic IOP elevation demonstrated higher levels of protein expression of the astrocytic marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), within the lamina cribrosa with greatest expression inferior temporally in the treated eye compared to control. Spatial transcriptomic analysis performed on optic nerve head tissues from Donor 2 exposed to 30 h of unilateral IOP elevation demonstrated differential transcription of mRNA across laminar and scleral regions. Immunohistochemistry of retinal sections from Donor 2 exhibited higher GFAP and IBA1 expression in the treated eye compared with control, but this was not observed in Donor 3, which was exposed to only 1-hour of IOP elevation. While there were no differences in GFAP protein expression in the retina following the 1-hour IOP elevation in Donor 3, there were higher levels of transcription of GFAP in the inner nuclear layer, and CD44 in the retinal ganglion cell layer, indicative of astrocytic and Müller glial reactivity as well as an early inflammatory response, respectively. We found that transcriptomic differences can be observed across treated and control eyes following unilateral elevation of IOP in brain dead organ donors. The continued development of this model affords the unique opportunity to define the acute mechanotranscriptomic response of the optic nerve head, evaluate the injury and repair mechanisms in the retina in response to IOP elevation, and enable correlation of in vivo imaging and functional testing with ex vivo cellular responses for the first time in the living human eye.
PURPOSE: A glucosamine or derivative thereof is provided to prevent or treat angiostenosis and restenosis and to treat heart diseases without surgery. CONSTITUTION: A composition for preventing or treating angiostenosis and restenosis contains glucosamine, glucosamine derivative, or salt thereof. The glucosamine derivative is a compound of chemical formula 2. In chemical formula 2, R is acyl group of 2-18 carbon atoms or straight or branched alkyl group of 1-5 carbon atoms. The composition containing glucosamine is administered for preventing or treating angiosternosis and restenosis. The glucosamine or glucosamine derivative is administered through oral or parenteral route. The glucosamine or glucosamine derivative is topically administered to a blood vessel.
The study evaluating the addition of R-FMT to pembrolizumab in PD-1 R/R NSCLC will be conducted over a 104-week period. Patients with anti-PD-1 R/R NSCLC are eligible to enroll. Prior exposure to microbiome modulating therapy is exclusionary. Suitable patients will be identified at the time of progression upon PD-1 monotherapy or PD-1 containing regimens. Patients will undergo a 35-day screening evaluation consisting of systemic staging scans, tumor biopsy, stool/blood serologic studies to confirm suitability.

Once enrolled, patients will be seromatched with a suitable donor. Suitable donors are advanced cancer patients who have undergone PD-1 monotherapy and are currently in durable remission (median PFS \>24 months from initiation of PD-1 therapy) with no ongoing irAE as delineated below. Patients will receive R-FMT (induction) via colonoscopy on C1D1 and C3D1. R-FMT (maintenance) via sigmoidoscopy on C4D1 and will be repeated every 9 weeks. All patients will additionally receive pembrolizumab at 200mg every three weeks. Patients will be treated until disease progression or intolerable toxicity or completion of 2 years of therapy, whichever comes first.
NEW MATERIAL:Amorphous 1, 4-bis[( 2-methoxy-4-n-propylphenoxy )acetyl]piperazine (amorphous simetride). USE:Useful as a non-pyrine antipyretic analgesic. It has excellent absorptivity and analgesic effect, and has low acute toxicity. PROCESS:The titled compound can be prepared by dissolving simetride in polyvinyl pyrrolidone under heating, and cooling and solidifying the mixture. More concretely, polyvinyl pyrrolidone is dissolved in ethanol, powdery simetride is added to the solution and heated at 120-130 deg.C, and the mixture is solidified by cooling. The amount of polyvinyl pyrrolidone is 0.5-10pts.wt. per 1pt.wt. of simetride. The addition of ethanol lowers the melting point of simetride and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and is convenient for the operation. The amount of the solvent is preferably 0.1-10pts.wt. per 1pt.wt. of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and the molecular weight of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone is preferably 10,000-160,000.
Liver cirrhosis is a silent disease in humans and is experimentally induced by many drugs and toxins as thioacetamide (TAA) in particular, which is the typical model for experimental induction of hepatic fibrosis. Thus, the objective of the present study was to elucidate the possible protective effects of lactéol® forte (LF) and quercetin dihydrate (QD) against TAA-induced hepatic damage in male albino rats. Induction of hepatotoxicity was performed by TAA injection (200 mg/kg I/P, twice/ week) in rats. LF (1 × 109 CFU/rat 5 times/week) and QD (50 mg/kg 5 times/week) treated groups were administered concurrently with TAA injection (200 mg/kg I/P, twice/ week). The experimental treatments were conducted for 12 weeks. Hepatotoxicity was evaluated biochemically by measuring alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the serum and histopathologically with the scoring of histopathological changes besides histochemical assessment of collagen by Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemical analysis for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Ki67 and caspase-3 expression in liver sections. Our results indicated that LF and QD attenuated some biochemical changes and histochemical markers in TAA-mediated hepatotoxicity in rats by amelioration of biochemical markers and collagen, α-SMA, Ki67 and caspase3 Immunoexpression. Additionally, LF and QD supplementation downregulated the proliferative, necrotic, fibroblastic changes, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions, hyaline globules and Mallory-like bodies that were detected histopathologically in the TAA group. In conclusion, LF showed better hepatic protection than QD against TAA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats by inhibiting inflammatory reactions with the improvement of some serum hepatic transaminases, histopathological picture and immunohistochemical markers.
PURPOSE: To provide an artificial tooth root having excellent joining strength to a biofittable material by having a metallic core material coated with a biofittable material on its front surface and composing the metallic core material of an amorphous alloy having a supercooling liquid region. CONSTITUTION: Molten metal is ejected out of a small hole 2a of a nozzle 2 into the spacing between rotating twin rolls 5 made of copper to obtain an amorphous alloy wire 6 of a desired diameter. The metallic core material having a prescribed size and form is formed of this amorphous alloy wire 6. On the other hand, the amorphous alloy core material 12 in the supercooling liquid region is forcibly pushed into a sintered compact 10 of apatite in a temp. atmosphere above the glass transition temp. and below the crystallization temp. The amorphous alloy core material 12 surely intrudes into the micropores of the sintered compact 10 of the apatite and the sintered compact 10 of the apatite is joined to the surface of the amorphous alloy core material 12 with necessary and sufficient mechanical strength.
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous and complex etiological disease. Understanding perturbations of circulating metabolites could improve prognosis.
METHODS: We recruited breast cancer patients from Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU) to perform untargeted (case-control design) and targeted (patient cohort) metabolomics analyses in the discovery and validation phases to evaluate interaction effects between clinical factors and plasma metabolites using multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.
RESULTS: In the discovery phase, partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that plasma metabolites were significantly different between recurrent and non-recurrent breast cancer patients. Metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) and metabolomic pathway analysis (MetPA) showed that valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation was the significant pathway, and volcano plot showed significant ten upregulated and two downregulated metabolites between recurrent and non-recurrent cases. Combined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and biological significance, creatine, valine, methionine, and mannose were selected for the validation phase. In this patient cohort with 41 new-recurrent vs. 248 non-recurrent breast cancer cases, followed for 720.49 person-years, compared with low level of valine, high valine level was significantly negatively associated with recurrent breast cancer (aHR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.18-0.72, P = 0.004), especially in ER-negative and PR-negative status. There were interaction effects between valine and ER (Pinteraction = 0.006) as well as PR (Pinteraction = 0.002) on recurrent breast cancer. After Bonferroni correction, stratification effects between valine and hormone receptors were still significant.
CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that plasma metabolites were significantly different between recurrent and non-recurrent patients, proposing therapeutic insights for breast cancer prognosis.
Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression has been reported with the use of methadone, even when used as recommended. Respiratory depression, if not immediately recognized and treated, may lead to respiratory arrest and death. Respiratory depression from opioids is manifested by a reduced urge to breathe and a decreased rate of respiration, often associated with a “sighing” pattern of breathing (deep breaths separated by abnormally long pauses). Carbon dioxide (CO2) retention from opioid-induced respiratory depression can exacerbate the sedating effects of opioids. Management of respiratory depression may include close observation, supportive measures, and use of opioid antagonists, depending on the patient’s clinical status (see OVERDOSAGE). 

While serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression can occur at any time during the use of methadone hydrochloride oral concentrate, the risk is greatest during the initiation of therapy or following a dose increase. The peak respiratory depressant effect of methadone occurs later, and persists longer than the peak pharmacologic effect, especially during the initial dosing period. Monitor patients closely for respiratory depression, when initiating therapy with methadone hydrochloride oral concentrate and following dose increases. 

Instruct patients against use by individuals other than the patient for whom methadone was prescribed and to keep methadone out of the reach of children, as such inappropriate use may result in fatal respiratory depression. 

To reduce the risk of respiratory depression, proper dosing and titration of methadone are essential (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Overestimating the methadone dosage when initiating treatment can result in fatal overdose with the first dose. 

To further reduce the risk of respiratory depression, consider the following: 

  * Patients tolerant to other opioids may be incompletely tolerant to methadone. Incomplete cross-tolerance is of particular concern for patients tolerant to other mu-opioid agonists. Deaths have been reported during conversion from chronic, high-dose treatment with other opioid agonists. Follow induction directions closely to avoid inadvertent overdose (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). 
  * Proper dosing and titration are essential and methadone should be overseen only by healthcare professionals who are knowledgeable in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methadone.
Application of humidified heated ambient air with flow rates adapted to body weight of respective subject. Incremental increase of fraction of inspired oxygen as appropriate to maintain oxygenation (defined as transcutaneous pulse oximetry above 93%).
A male contraceptive composition is described that may be administered orally. This permits adjusting the dose of the constituents to provide for sperm production inhibition and for normal functioning of secondary sex glands to permit normal sexual activity without fertility. The constituents of the composition are gossypol or derivatives thereof for controlling the sperm production combined with an orally active replacement androgen for counteracting the effect of the gossypol or its derivatives upon secondary sex glands. Ranges of composition and discussions of test results are described together with the method of determining the dose levels needed to achieve the desired result. The composition may be preferably administered as a pill. A maintenance dose level may be utilized after azoospermia sperm levels are achieved.
BACKGROUND: Flatfoot can be associated with foot pathologies and treated conservatively with foot orthoses to correct arch collapse and alleviate painful symptoms. Recently, 3D printing has become more popular and is widely used for medical device manufacturing, such as orthoses. This study aims at quantifying the effect of generic 3D-printed foot orthoses on flatfoot arch correction under different static loading conditions.
METHODS: Participants with normal and flatfeet were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Clinical evaluation included arch height, foot posture index, and Beighton flexibility score. Surface imaging was performed in different loading conditions: 1) 0% when sitting, 2) 50% when standing on both feet, and 3) 125% when standing on one foot with a weighted vest. For flatfoot participants, three configurations were tested: without an orthosis, with a soft generic 3D printed orthosis, and with a rigid 3D printed orthosis. Arch heights and medial arch angles were calculated and compared for the different loading conditions and with or without orthoses. The differences between groups, with and without orthoses, were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis tests, and a p < 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS: A total of 10 normal feet and 10 flatfeet were analyzed. The 3D printed orthosis significantly increased arch height in all loading conditions, compared to flatfeet without orthosis. Wearing an orthosis reduced the medial arch angle, although not significantly. Our technique was found to have good to excellent intra and interclass correlation coefficients.
CONCLUSIONS: Generic 3D printed orthoses corrected arch collapse in static loading conditions, including 125% body weight to simulate functional tasks like walking. Our protocol was found to be reliable and easier to implement in a clinical setting compared to previously reported methods.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with the mylife™ OmniPod® Insulin Management system for 26 weeks. From Week 26 until Week 39, all Groups will be using the Accu-Chek® Solo Micropump system for CSII therapy.