anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The clinical program for methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules (LA) consisted of 6 studies: 2 controlled clinical studies conducted in children with ADHD aged 6 to 12 years and 4 clinical pharmacology studies conducted in healthy adult volunteers. These studies included a total of 256 subjects; 195 children with ADHD and 61 healthy adult volunteers. The subjects received methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules (LA) in doses of 10 to 40 mg per day. Safety of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules (LA) was assessed by evaluating frequency and nature of adverse events, routine laboratory tests, vital signs, and body weight. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules (LA) in children with ADHD aged 6 to 12 years. All subjects received methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules (LA) for up to 4 weeks, and had their dose optimally adjusted, prior to entering the double-blind phase of the trial. In the 2-week double-blind treatment phase of this study, patients received either placebo or methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules (LA) at their individually-titrated dose (range, 10 to 40 mg).

Adverse reactions with an incidence greater than 5% during the initial 4-week single-blind methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules (LA) titration period of this study were headache, insomnia, upper abdominal pain, appetite decreased, and anorexia.

Adverse reactions with an incidence greater than 2% among methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules (LA) -treated subjects, during the 2-week double-blind phase of the clinical study, are shown in Table 2:

Adverse Events Associated with Discontinuation of Treatment

In the 2-week double-blind treatment phase of a placebo-controlled parallel-group study in children with ADHD, one methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules (LA)-treated subject (1/65, 1.5%) discontinued due to an adverse event (depressed mood).

In the single-blind titration period of this study, subjects received methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules (LA) for up to 4 weeks. During this period a total of 6 subjects (6/161, 3.7%) discontinued due to adverse events. The adverse events leading to discontinuation were anger (2 patients), hypomania, anxiety, depressed mood, fatigue, migraine, and lethargy.
PURPOSE:A skin beautifying cosmetic obtained by blending a cosmetic base with an isoferulic acid and/or its derivative as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION:A cosmetic base is blended with 0.01-10wt% compound shown by the formula (R is H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal or quaternary amine) and/or its derivative as an active ingredient to give a skin beautifying cosmetic. Since the compound shown by the formula has inhibitory action on tyrosinase activity, it has beautifying effect and is useful for alleviating stain and freckle. The compound shown by the formula is slightly yellow-white needle-like or powdery crystal, readily handleable, odorless, slightly soluble in cold water, a little soluble in vegetable oil such as olive oil, etc., esters, etc., soluble in alcohols, polyhydric alcohols and applicable in a wide cosmetic form as a cosmetic component. The cosmetic is prepared into cream, milky lotion, toilet lotion, pack, etc. The cosmetic, if necessary, can be blended with an ultraviolet absorber and various medical components.
In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), profound hypoxia plays key roles in regulating cancer cell behavior, including proliferation, migration, and resistance to therapies. The initial part of this research highlights the important role played by long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MKLN1-AS, which is controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), in the progression of PDAC. Human samples of PDAC showed a notable increase in MKLN1-AS expression, which was linked to a worse outcome. Forced expression of MKLN1-AS greatly reduced the inhibitory impact on the growth and spread of PDAC cells caused by HIF-1α depletion. Experiments on mechanisms showed that HIF-1α influences the expression of MKLN1-AS by directly attaching to a hypoxia response element in the promoter region of MKLN1-AS.MKLN1-AS acts as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by binding to miR-185-5p, resulting in the regulation of TEAD1 expression and promoting cell proliferation, migration, and tumor growth. TEAD1 subsequently enhances the development of PDAC. Our study results suggest that MKLN1-AS could serve as a promising target for treatment and a valuable indicator for predicting outcomes in PDAC. PDAC is associated with low oxygen levels, and the long non-coding RNA MKLN1-AS interacts with TEAD1 in this context.
The invention discloses application of a compound in a medicament for treating prostate cancer, application of the compound in serving as a dual-target antagonist of an androgen receptor and a glucocorticoid receptor, and application of the compound in preparing a medicament for treating the prostate cancer. The invention is based on screening to obtain active compounds, and structurally modifies three rings and three chains of the active compounds, so that 134 derivatives are designed and synthesized in total. Optimization of the ring focuses on the variation of electron density and hydrophobicity on the ring; optimization of the chain focuses on the length and structure of the chain. Through optimization of the rings and chains, 16 derivatives with better AR inhibitory activity are obtained through screening, wherein RAp7, RDm19 and RDp12 show better GR inhibitory activity, and in vitro protein inhibition experiments, cell proliferation inhibition experiments and experiments for inhibiting the growth of transplanted tumors in nude mice are carried out on RDm 19. RDm19 all showed better inhibitory activity against tumors. By optimizing three rings and three chains of the compound, a series of derivatives are obtained, wherein the compound RDm19 shows better inhibitory activity on AR and GR and has potential application prospect in the aspect of CRPC treatment.
The purpose of present study was to examine the current prevalence and recent trends of overactive bladder (OAB) among US adult men and examine the correlations between OAB and several potential risk factors. The study used the nationally representative data between 2005 and 2020 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the US. A total of 18,386 participants aged ≥ 20 years were included in the study. We divided the data into three groups: 2005-2008, 2009-2014 and 2015-2020 to investigate the trends in OAB prevalence. The weighted prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of OAB were calculated. The differences (95% CI) in prevalence between the surveys were calculated and multivariate-adjusted weighted logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the correlates of OAB. Among all US adult men, the overall prevalence of OAB increased slightly from 11.3% in 2005-2008 to 11.7% in 2009-2014 and significantly increased to 14.5% in 2015-2020 (difference, 3.2% [95% CI (1.9-4.4%)]; P < 0.05). Increases in OAB prevalence especially concentrated on those who were 40-59 years, non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black and those who were overweight and obese. Older age, non-Hispanic Black, lower educational level and family poverty ratio, diabetes, depression, sleep disorder, other chronic comorbidities, less intense recreational activity, poorer health condition and unsafe food were independent risk factors of OAB. The contemporary prevalence of OAB was high, affecting 14.5% US men and the estimated overall prevalence significantly increased from 2005 to 2020. Therefore, future research should be focused to prevent and remedy this growing socioeconomic and individually troublesome malady.
It is known that the ligands of the group of cytokincs similar to Interleukin 6 (IL-6), that is Oncostatin M (OSM), Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF), Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) and Interleukin 11 (IL-11) , induce the formation of a receptor complex of which the membrane molecule gp 130 is a part. The present invention refers to a methodology for selecting superagonists, antagonists and superantagonists of human interleukin-6 comprising the following operations:       - comparing the amino acid sequence of bovine granulocyte colony stimulating factor (bG-CSF) with the sequence of said hormone; and - on the basis of the above comparison, formulating a three dimensional model of said hormone, which allows the identification of residues that form the site of interaction with the specific receptor (Site 1) and those that constitute the site of interaction with gp 130 (Site 2) respectively.       The invention allows the identification of these sites in human interleukin-6 and the isolation of variants having, with respect to the wild type hormone, a greater affinity for the specific receptor (superagonists and superantagonists) or affinity for gp 130 reduced or abolished (antagonists and superantagonists). The figure shows a scheme illustrating the methodology applied to identify site 1 and site 2 in the case of human interleukin-6.       The invention also describes the obtaining of specific superagonists and superantagonists of interleukin-6 and the use of superantagonists as low dose inhibitors of the growth of human myeloma cells dependent on wild type interleukin-6. (Figure 1)
As Needed Rasburicase .15 mg/kg IV Over 30 Minutes On Day 1. Day 2-5, once daily as needed.
Cisplatin is commonly used for the chemotherapy of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC); however, adverse side effects and drug resistance impact its therapeutic efficacy. Capsaicin is an active ingredient in chili peppers that exerts antitumor effects, whether it exerts antitumor effects on cisplatin-resistant cells remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of capsaicin on cisplatin resistance in TSCC cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. A cisplatin-resistant TSCC cell line was established by treated with increasing cisplatin concentrations. Combined treatment with cisplatin and capsaicin decreased the glucose consumption and lactate dehydrogenase activity and increased the adenosine triphosphate production both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the inhibition of the Warburg effect. Moreover, this combined treatment induced cell apoptosis and significantly upregulated the levels of proapoptotic proteins, such as Bax, cleaved caspase-3, -7, and -9, and apoptosis-inducing factor. In contrast, levels of the antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2, were downregulated. Additionally, LKB1 and AMPK activities were stimulated, whereas those of AKT and mTOR were suppressed. Notably, AMPK knockdown abolished the inhibitory effects of capsaicin and cisplatin on the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and Warburg effect. Overall, combined treatment with capsaicin and cisplatin reversed cisplatin resistance by inhibiting the Warburg effect and facilitating mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis via the AMPK/AKT/mTOR axis. Our findings suggest combination therapy with capsaicin and cisplatin as a potentially novel strategy and highlight capsaicin as a promising adjuvant drug for TSCC treatment.
Objective: Limited normative data (including psychometric properties) are currently available on discourse tasks in non-dominant languages such as Laurentian (Quebec) French. The lack of linguistic and cultural adaptation has been identified as a barrier to discourse assessment. The main aim of this study is to document inter-rater and test-retest reliability properties of the picnic scene of the Western Aphasia Battery - Revised (WAB-R), including the cultural adaptation of an information content unit (ICU) list, and provide a normative reference for persons without brain injury (PWBI). Method: To do so, we also aimed to adapt an ICU checklist culturally and linguistically for Laurentian French speakers. Discourse samples were collected from 66 PWBI using the picture description task of the WAB-R. The ICU list was first adapted into Laurentian French. Then, ICUs and thematic units (TUs) were extracted manually, and microstructural variables were extracted using CLAN. Inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability were determined. Results: Excellent inter-rater reliability was obtained for ICUs and TUs, as well as for all microstructural variables, except for mean length of utterance, which was found to be good. Conversely, test-retest reliability ranged from poor to moderate for all variables. Conclusion: The present study provides a validated ICU checklist for clinicians and researchers working with Laurentian French speakers when assessing discourse with the picnic scene of the WAB-R. It also addresses the gap in available psychometric data regarding inter-rater and test-retest reliability in PWBI.
The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine and relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating a qi-blood deficiency type pressure sore. The composition is composed of oral administration medicine and an external smearing reagent. The oral administration medicine is prepared from 15-25 parts of prepared rehmannia root, 13-23 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 8-13 parts of schisandra propinqua, 3-10 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 15-25 parts of root of rehmannia, 8-18 parts of euonymus fortunei, 8-13 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 6-16 parts of parnassia palustris and 5-15 parts of moutan bark. The external smearing reagent is prepared from traditional Chinese medicine clear paste, polyving akohol (17-88), sodium carboxymethylcellulose, glycerol, ethylparaben, cuttlebone and water. The traditional Chinese medicine clear paste is prepared from, by weight, 20-30 parts of dandelion, 15-25 parts of sage, 5-15 parts of radix angelicae and 3-9 parts of spina gleditsiae. The oral administration medicine can promote the organism conditioning function and accelerate wound healing, the external smearing reagent can promote dissolving and peeling of necrotic tissue and stimulate growth of neogenesis granulation tissue. Treatment is carried out inside and outside, deficiency is supplemented, stasis is dispelled, the specificity to the qi-blood deficiency type pressure sore is high, and the effect is obvious.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for treating the main symptoms of pollinosis (sneeze, snot, nasal congestion, eye itch).  <P>SOLUTION: The method comprises the following process: human saliva or artificial saliva having mucosa-protective effect, antibacterial/bactericidal activity, anti-inflammatory activity and cell regenerative and activating effect, etc., is used as a curative or prophylactic agent for the main symptoms of pollinosis. The saliva is infiltrated in a saliva-impregnating part of an embrocating implement 1 for rhinitis made of a tissue paper-like soft and scarcely irritant material and directly embrocated on affected part(s), thus treating the symptoms. Furthermore, the cleansing effect of the affected part(s) is realized owing to a combination of saliva viscosity with the tissue paper-like structure of the implement 1, thereby substances causing pollinosis or the like (pollen, fungi, mite, etc.) can be effectively removed. Therefore, by the synergistic effects of the practices, the various symptoms of pollinosis can be surely ameliorated.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer worldwide and represents the fifth cause of cancer mortality globally. It is a highly heterogeneous disease, that comprises various molecular subtypes, often diagnosed by immunohistochemistry. This technique is widely employed in basic, translational and pathological anatomy research, where it can support the oncological diagnosis, therapeutic decisions and biomarker discovery. Nevertheless, its evaluation is often qualitative, raising the need for accurate quantitation methodologies. We present the software BreastAnalyser, a valuable and reliable tool to automatically measure the area of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrocholoride (DAB)-brown-stained proteins detected by immunohistochemistry. BreastAnalyser also automatically counts cell nuclei and classifies them according to their DAB-brown-staining level. This is performed using sophisticated segmentation algorithms that consider intrinsic image variability and save image normalization time. BreastAnalyser has a clean, friendly and intuitive interface that allows to supervise the quantitations performed by the user, to annotate images and to unify the experts' criteria. BreastAnalyser was validated in representative human breast cancer immunohistochemistry images detecting various antigens. According to the automatic processing, the DAB-brown area was almost perfectly recognized, being the average difference between true and computer DAB-brown percentage lower than 0.7 points for all sets. The detection of nuclei allowed proper cell density relativization of the brown signal for comparison purposes between the different patients. BreastAnalyser obtained a score of 85.5 using the system usability scale questionnaire, which means that the tool is perceived as excellent by the experts. In the biomedical context, the connexin43 (Cx43) protein was found to be significantly downregulated in human core needle invasive breast cancer samples when compared to normal breast, with a trend to decrease as the subtype malignancy increased. Higher Cx43 protein levels were significantly associated to lower cancer recurrence risk in Oncotype DX-tested luminal B HER2- breast cancer tissues. BreastAnalyser and the annotated images are publically available https://citius.usc.es/transferencia/software/breastanalyser for research purposes.
The anterior approach is a modification of the classic Smith- Peterson anterior hip approach as described by Berend et al in 2009 \[7\]. This approach utilizes the intermuscular plane between the tendon fascia lata and the sartorius muscle, and laterally repairs the fibers of the rectus femur to expose and enclose the anterior pubic joint. A surgical traction table may be used during surgery.
Patients receive decitabine IV over 1 hour on days 1-10. Treatment repeats every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Exercise therapy 4 sessions of exercise treatment will be provided by an experienced physiotherapist. It will include active range of motion, stretching, and strengthening exercise. patients will be given a brochure to continue the exercises as home exercise program during and after the treatment period.
A composition and method for treatment for bowel disorders is described. The composition consists of two parts. First, highly purified, insoluble, chemically unmodified fiber from plants is mixed with an aqueous solution such as water. The second component of the composition is a commercially available probiotic preparation. These commercially probiotic preparations contain large numbers of viable microorganisms of either  Lactobacillus  sp.,  Bifidobacter  sp.  Streptococcus  sp. or yeast. Consumption of the fiber preparation or probiotic by patients with constipation secondary to surgery or chronic antibiotic therapy, ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease results in either a resolution of the symptoms or markedly improvement in symptoms without significant side effects.
The present invention is directed to a method of treating pain. The method comprises administering to a subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a P2X receptor antagonist. The methods of the present invention are useful in reducing pain, such as traumatic pain, neuropathic pain, organ pain and pain associated with diseases. The P2X receptor antagonists particularly useful for this invention are mononucleoside polyphosphate derivatives or dinucleoside polyphosphate derivatives of general Formula I. The compounds of the present method can be used alone to treat pain. The compounds of the present method can also be used in conjunction with other therapeutic agents or adjunctive therapies commonly used to treat pain, thus enhancing the overall pain-reducing effect in a subject in need of such treatment.
This is an open label prospective pilot study. The results of this study will assist the researchers in organizing a larger study. The objective of the study is to determine if treatment with over the counter nutrients (Vitamin E and Selenium) may improve recovery in patients with remote traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). The investigators will enroll 10 adults with remote traumatic spinal cord injury. The participant will have experienced their injury at least one year prior to enrollment, are currently living in the community. Participants may not have any other neurological cause of weakness (i.e. stroke or traumatic brain injury), must be able to undergo MRI scanning, and be able to take the oral medications as prescribed. At the beginning of the study, baseline strength will be measured by a standardized (American Spinal Injury Association) exam. This exam will be repeated one year after taking the treatment. Furthermore specialized radiological imaging (MRI tractography) of the spinal cord will be completed prior to taking the medications, and one year subsequently. MRI tractography is advanced imaging technology that is able to generate quantitive images of the nerve fiber tracts in the spinal cord that control limb movement. We anticipate that treatment with Vitamin E and selenium for a one period year will increase the ASIA motor score and/or increase the nerve density of the nerve tracts in the spinal cord that control limb movement
A device for promoting the clotting of blood includes a web of non-woven fibers of a polymer having a hemostatic agent disposed on the fibers. The fibers are randomly arranged to form the web. When the device is applied to a bleeding wound, at least a portion of the hemostatic agent comes into contact with blood to cause the blood to clot. A hemostatic sponge includes a melt-blown non-woven fibrous web of polymer material and a hemostatic agent that is attached to the fibers. A method of making a hemostatic sponge includes the steps of melting a polymer and combining the polymer with a hot air stream. A hemostatic agent is added to the melt. The melt with the hemostatic agent is then drawn into fibers and collected as a web.
In this study, we will treat patients with brief psychodynamic psychotherapy. Psychodynamic psychotherapy is a type of treatment that may be as helpful as medications in treating depression. It focuses on thoughts, feelings, and behaviors as well as both current and past relationships. Psychotherapy explores better ways of coping with feelings, expressing needs, and interacting with others in order to cope with depression and other life problems. Subjects will go to 16 weekly, 45-minute, individual sessions of psychodynamic psychotherapy over the course of the study. At five times throughout the study, subjects will come in for extra visits, which last approximately 1.5 hours and which include: speaking with a study doctor about depressive symptoms, filling out extra questionnaires, and performing positron emission tomography (PET)and a Quantitative Electroencephalogram (QEEG). The QEEG is a machine that measures the electrical activity of the brain. This task will take approximately 15 minutes.