anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q) is a quinone derivative of a common tire additive 6PPD, whose occurrence has been widely reported both in the environment and human bodies including in adults, pregnant women and children. Yet, knowledge on the potential intestinal toxicity of 6PPD-Q in mammals at environmentally relevant dose remain unknown. In this study, the effects of 6PPD-Q on the intestines of adult ICR mice were evaluated by orally administering environmentally relevant dose or lower levels of 6PPD-Q (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/kg) for 21 days. We found that 6PPD-Q disrupted the integrity of the intestinal barrier, mostly in the jejunum and ileum, but not in the duodenum or colon, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, intestinal inflammation manifested with elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 mostly observed in doses at 10 and 100 μg/kg. Using reverse target screening technology combining molecular dynamic simulation modeling we identified key cannabinoid receptors including CNR2 activation to be potentially mediating the intestinal inflammation induced by 6PPD-Q. In summary, this study provides novel insights into the toxic effects of emerging contaminant 6PPD-Q on mammalian intestines and that the chemical may be a cannabinoid receptor agonist to modulate inflammation.
BACKGROUND: Respiratory effort should be closely monitored in mechanically ventilated ICU patients to avoid both overassistance and underassistance. Surface electromyography of the diaphragm (sEMGdi) offers a continuous and non-invasive modality to assess respiratory effort based on neuromuscular coupling (NMCdi). The sEMGdi derived electrical activity of the diaphragm (sEAdi) is prone to distortion by crosstalk from other muscles including the heart, hindering its widespread use in clinical practice. We developed an advanced analysis as well as quality criteria for sEAdi waveforms and investigated the effects of clinically relevant levels of PEEP on non-invasive NMCdi.
METHODS: NMCdi was derived by dividing end-expiratory occlusion pressure (Pocc) by sEAdi, based on three consecutive Pocc manoeuvres at four incremental (+ 2 cmH2O/step) PEEP levels in stable ICU patients on pressure support ventilation. Pocc and sEAdi quality was assessed by applying a novel, automated advanced signal analysis, based on tolerant and strict cut-off criteria, and excluding inadequate waveforms. The coefficient of variations (CoV) of NMCdi after basic manual and automated advanced quality assessment were evaluated, as well as the effect of an incremental PEEP trial on NMCdi.
RESULTS: 593 manoeuvres were obtained from 42 PEEP trials in 17 ICU patients. Waveform exclusion was primarily based on low sEAdi signal-to-noise ratio (Ntolerant = 155, 37%, Nstrict = 241, 51% waveforms excluded), irregular or abrupt cessation of Pocc (Ntolerant = 145, 35%, Nstrict = 145, 31%), and high sEAdi area under the baseline (Ntolerant = 94, 23%, Nstrict = 79, 17%). Strict automated assessment allowed to reduce CoV of NMCdi to 15% from 37% for basic quality assessment. As PEEP was increased, NMCdi decreased significantly by 4.9 percentage point per cmH2O.
CONCLUSION: Advanced signal analysis of both Pocc and sEAdi greatly facilitates automated and well-defined identification of high-quality waveforms. In the critically ill, this approach allowed to demonstrate a dynamic NMCdi (Pocc/sEAdi) decrease upon PEEP increments, emphasising that sEAdi-based assessment of respiratory effort should be related to PEEP dependent diaphragm function. This novel, non-invasive methodology forms an important methodological foundation for more robust, continuous, and comprehensive assessment of respiratory effort at the bedside.
Artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem®) - artemether 1.3mg/kg + lumefantrine 4mg/kg administered twice daily, both doses under direct observation either in the clinic or in the patient's home. Children \<60 months, 5-14kg: 1 tab/dose; Children \<60 months \>14kg: 2 tabs/dose.
PURPOSE:To provide the production process for solid crosslinking of raw material powder without using a binder and org. solvent by applying the radical coupling effect between solids by application of a compression operation. CONSTITUTION:The raw material powder 6 consisting of 750mg acrylic resin is taken into a raw material container 1 and this raw material container 1 is hermetically closed. A discharge port 7 is connected to a vacuum pump. A gas for plasma generation, argon, oxygen, and nitrogen are then introduced therein. The internal pressure of the raw material container 1 is maintained at about 0.1 to 1.0Torr by a vacuum pump and plasma irradiation is executed for 30 seconds to 30 minutes by a plasma generator 2. The raw material powder 6 is properly agitated by an agitating rod 8 mounted to the raw material container 1 so as to uniformly generate radicals in the raw material powder 6 during the plasma irradiation. The raw material container 1 is thereafter opened and the raw material powder 6 is taken out. The powder is rapidly put into a tablet casting mold of a tablet molding device and is compression-molded.
Trained practitioners will deliver Level 4 SSTP to parents in 6 weekly group sessions and will also provide 3 telephone of face to face contacts to each participant but they will not be involved in routine care for participants in either arm. Each therapist responsible for delivering SSTP will be trained in the Group Stepping Stones Training and Accreditation programme which includes three training days and a further half day accreditation workshop after 6 weeks. The group sessions not only educate but actively train the parents in skills and the individual consultations aim to facilitate independent problem solving. The learning objectives focus on maintaining behavioural change, using skills within a group learning environment, learning from peers in the group and sharing difficulties or achievements, providing support, considering if more intensive work is required, referring further if needed, talking about risk and protective factors operating within families.
BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety (DA). In our preliminary study, fecal microbiota transplantation from volunteers with psychological stress and subclinical symptoms of depression (Vsd) induced DA-like behaviors in mice. Escherichia fergusonii (Esf) was found to be more abundant in the feces of Vsd compared to healthy volunteers. Therefore, we investigated the effect of Esf on DA-like behavior and neuroinflammation in mice with and without celiac vagotomy.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Orally gavaged Esf increased DA-like behaviors, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) expression, and NF-κB+Iba1+ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+Iba1+ cell populations, while decreasing serotonin, 5-HT1A receptor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. However, celiac vagotomy attenuated Esf-induced DA-like behavior and neuroinflammation. Orally gavaged extracellular vesicle (EV) from Vsd feces (vfEV) or Esf culture (esEV) induced DA-like behavior and inflammation in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and colon. However, celiac vagotomy attenuated vfEV- or esEV-induced DA-like behaviors and inflammation in the brain alone, while vfEV- or esEV-induced blood LPS and TNF-α levels, colonic TNF-α expression and NF-κB-positive cell number, and fecal LPS level were not. Although orally gavaged fluorescence isothiocyanate-labeled esEV was translocated into the blood and hippocampus, celiac vagotomy decreased its translocation into the hippocampus alone.
CONCLUSIONS: esEVs may be translocated into the brain via the vagus nerve and bloodstream, subsequently inducing TNF-α expression and suppressing serotonin, its receptor, and BDNF expression through the activation of TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling, thereby contributing to DA pathogenesis.
BACKGROUND: The development of endoscopic systems that include bipolar electrocautery has enabled the use of normal saline irrigation in transurethral or transcervical endoscopic surgery. However, excessive saline absorption can cause hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.
CASE PRESENTATION: Patient 1: A 76-year-old man was scheduled for transurethral resection of the prostate with saline irrigation. Approximately 140 min after the surgery, abdominal distension and cervical edema were observed. Abdominal ultrasound examination indicated a subhepatic hypoechoic lesion, which suggested extravasation of saline. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. The patient was extubated 2 h after the operation with no subsequent airway problems, and the electrolyte imbalance was gradually corrected. Patient 2: A 43-year-old woman was scheduled for transcervical resection of a uterine fibroid with saline irrigation. When the drape was removed after the operation was finished, notable upper extremity edema was observed. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. The patient's acidemia, electrolyte imbalance, and neck edema gradually resolved, and the patient was extubated 16 h after the operation without subsequent airway problems.
CONCLUSIONS: Anesthesiologists should be aware of acidemia, cardiopulmonary complications, and airway obstruction caused by excessive saline absorption after saline irrigation in endoscopic surgery.
Surgical follow-up typically occurred 2 weeks postoperatively and, subsequently, on a variable schedule as indicated. The adjustments in device parameters were performed, individually, and solely at the discretion of the primary epileptologist with a formal protocol guiding changes. Retrospective chart review was performed to collect follow-up and outcome data. At the time of last available clinical follow-up, the following data were collected: mean weekly seizure frequency (from seizure logs kept by caretakers or patient or caretaker report averaged of the last 3 months prior to ﬁnal follow-up), complications of VNS therapy, duration of VNS therapy, timing and all subsequent surgical procedures.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a syndrome defined as an intermediate stage between cognitively intact and clinically diagnosed dementia. The progression rate from MCI to dementia ranges from 10 to 15% each year, resulting in increased family care and medical expenses. Therefore, providing effective interventions are necessary. Combining cognitive training and physical exercise training appears to have effects to prevent the progression of MCI to Alzheimer's disease or other severe cognitive impairment. It was proposed that cognitively challenging stimulations can increase the neural network and promote neural plasticity, which are essential for preventing cognitive decline in patients with MCI. The studies also showed that physical exercise induces positive effects on cerebral blood flow and induces brain activation changes of the frontal, parietal, and temporal areas; these cortical areas are especially important for memory and other cognitive functions. However, it is yet not clear the appropriate frequency of the effective intervention for patients with MCI. Thus, this study aims to compare the intervention effects of high frequency sequential and low frequency sequential training for patients with MCI.

Investigators anticipate recruiting a total of 80 participants with MCI. The participants will be assigned into 2 groups: high frequency sequential training (HF) and low frequency sequential training (LF) groups. The participants of HF will receive a total of 36 training sessions, and each session will contain 90-105 minutes of training. The participants of LF will receive a total of 12 training sessions, and each session will contain 90-105 minutes of training. The BrainHQ program, self-made teaching aids and board games will be used to train different cognitive functions of the participants. For physical exercise, Investigators design the programs that involve balance or strength training components in the aerobic exercises. All participants will first perform 45-55 minutes of physical exercise followed by 45-50 minutes of cognitive training. Investigators plan to assess the participants before and after the intervention programs. The primary outcome measures are cognitive functions, including visuospatial processing, attention, memory, and/or executive functions. The secondary outcome measures include physical functions and activities of daily living (ADLs). Investigators expect to use the paired-t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to analyze differences in baseline characteristics and baseline outcome measures between the groups and determine the intervention effect for the 2 groups.
This study is a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial with 23 visits consisting of one screening visit, one baseline visit, and 21 study visits (10 test periods each consisting of 2 test visits and one drop-off visit) across 11 weeks. For this study, 60 generally healthy subjects will be randomized to a test sequence and will consume one control product and nine test products over the course of the study. Before consumption of any study products, breath hydrogen lactulose assessment and collection of stool samples for microbiome analysis will be completed. Additionally, midway through the study, data will be reviewed in a blinded manner and a stool sample will be collected from a subset of 30 subjects for in vitro fermentation tests. Gastrointestinal symptoms and stool information will be collected using the Gastrointestinal Tolerance Questionnaire (GITQ) and Bowel Habit Diary with Bristol Stool Scale (BHD-BSS). The GITQ and BHD-BSS will be administered for 3 days and 7 days prior to study product consumption, respectively. Additionally, the GITQ and BHD-BSS will be collected throughout the day of study product consumption and the 2 days after product consumption. 24-h urine samples will be collected after study product consumption for urinary allulose analysis.
The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to determine the rate of congenital and acquired malaria in inpatient neonates at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Bamako, Mali. The primary study endpoint will be the number of infants with malaria infection as detected by the positivity of one of the three malaria diagnosis assays. The secondary study endpoints will be: (1) the rate of congenital malaria, (2) the rate of acquired malaria, (3) the prevalence of antimalarial antibodies in neonates, and (4) the prevalence of specific hemoglobin types in the study population. Neonates of both sexes who weigh at least 2000g, are 0 - 28 days old, and are referred to the Unit of Reanimation and Neonatology of Hopital Gabriel Toure in Bamako, Mali, for inpatient care are eligible for enrollment in this two-year study. After informed parental consent is obtained, approximately 2 ml of venous blood will be collected for malaria diagnosis by OptiMal test, microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). If in the clinician's judgment drawing blood is not feasible, a small blood sample will be obtained by heel prick from the infants and tested for the presence of malaria parasites. If any of the three infant malaria tests is positive, parenteral quinine will be administered as per the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) treatment guidelines. If malaria is detected in mothers, standard malaria therapy will be administered according to the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) treatment guidelines. Blood will be obtained from mothers for molecular diagnosis of malaria infection and characterization of the genetic profile of mother's malaria infections.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject preparation, capable of increasing the decomposed amount of a fat (a triglyceride) in fat cells and useful for locally slimming a site where the fats are readily accumulated such as the abdominal part, the thigh part or the buttocks by including a specific phosphoric acid as an active ingredient therein. SOLUTION: This preparation is obtained by including adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate (hereinafter abbreviated to cAMP) as an active ingredient. The cAMP is extracted from Zizyphus vulgaris Lam. Var. inermis Bunge or Zizyphi Inermi Fructus or the like with ethanol, 1,3-butylene glycol or the like. An adequate amount of the preparation at 0.1-0.5 mg/L concentration is preferably locally applied one to three times a day and sufficient massage is preferably carried out. The dosage form is preferably a cream, a lotion or the like.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Low muscle strength, low muscle mass, and sarcopenia have a negative impact on health outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Different diagnostic modalities are used to identify these conditions but it is unknown how well the modalities agree. The aim of this study was to compare different diagnostic modalities by means of calculating the proportion of low muscle strength, low muscle mass, and sarcopenia in CRC patients, and to investigate the agreement for sarcopenia between the various modalities.
METHODS: Men and women participating in the Norwegian Dietary Guidelines and colorectal cancer Survival (CRC-NORDIET) study were included in the analyses. Cut-off values for low muscle strength, low muscle mass, and sarcopenia were defined according to the second consensus set by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). The diagnostic modalities used to assess muscle strength were handgrip strength and the sit-to-stand test. For muscle mass, computed tomography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA), and single-frequency BIA (SF-BIA) were applied. Cohen's kappa was calculated to determine the agreement for low muscle strength and confirmed sarcopenia between diagnostic modalities.
RESULTS: Five hundred and three men and women (54 % men, mean age of 66 (range 50-80) years old) were included in the analysis. As much as 99 % (n = 70) of the population was identified with low muscle mass by MF-BIA, while the other modalities identified 9-49 % as having low muscle mass. Handgrip strength identified a lower proportion of low muscle strength as compared with the sit-to-stand test (4 % vs. 8 %). When applying various combinations of diagnostic modalities for low muscle strength and low muscle mass, the proportion of sarcopenia was found to be between 0.3 and 11.4 %. There was relatively poor agreement between the different diagnostic modalities with Cohen's Kappa ranging from 0.0 to 0.55, except for the agreement between SF-BIASergi and MF-BIASergi, which was 1.
CONCLUSION: The proportion of low muscle strength, low muscle mass, and sarcopenia in CRC patients varied considerably depending on the diagnostic modalities used. Further studies are needed to provide modality-specific cut-off values, adjusted to sex, age and body size.
Participants will engage in pre-test measures (anxiety, race-based stress, and psychological flexibility). Subjects will then participate in a 12-week telehealth group (once a week, 2 hours a week) with other group members where an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy protocol will be administered that has been culturally tailored to address African American racial trauma. After this, participants will engage in post-test measures.
BACKGROUND: Pain is one of the most frequently reported symptoms and often one of the first subjective symptoms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A previous study indicated that most patients with SLE reported low levels of SLE-related pain. However, a subgroup of patients reported high levels of pain ≥40 mm (0-100 mm) and had a substantial symptom burden in terms of fatigue, anxiety, depression, and reduced health-related quality of life. Thus, there is a need to elucidate the implications of high levels of pain in everyday life.
AIM: This study explored the patient's experiences and implications of SLE-related pain in daily life and the support requested from healthcare providers.
METHOD: A total of 20 patients, previously reported high levels of SLE-related pain intensity measuring ≥40 mm (0-100 mm) in a research context at one or two occasions participated in individual semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and analysed with content analysis.
RESULTS: The interviews revealed four main categories and 13 generic categories. SLE-associated pain was described by its multifaceted nature, exhibiting longstanding, unpredictable, migrating, and various physical sensations. The pain entailed multidimensional consequences, restricting everyday life by interfering with roles and relationships and causing various emotions, including existential thoughts. The informants used comprehensive strategies to deal with the pain, including their inner resources, support from family and significant others, and pharmaceuticals and relieving treatments. They expressed the need for security and acknowledgement, which involved individualized support and accessibility of healthcare.
CONCLUSION: This study provides comprehensive insights into the nature and multifaceted impact of SLE-related pain in different dimensions of the informants' daily lives. Except for medications the informants used several strategies, including their inner resources and support from family and others, to manage the pain. Support requested from healthcare providers by the informants included understanding, compassion, individualized care and accessibility.
Methods and systems for automatically analyzing clinical images and determining when additional imaging may aid a diagnosis. One system includes at least one data source and a server. The server includes an electronic processor and an interface for communicating with the at least one data source. The electronic processor is configured to receive an image of a patient from the at least one data source over the interface. The electronic processor is also configured to automatically process the image to generate a diagnosis for the image. The electronic processor is also configured to automatically determine, based on the diagnosis, at least one additional image for supplementing the diagnosis. The electronic processor is also configured to automatically locate the at least one additional image for the patient and when the at least one additional image is available, automatically update the diagnosis based on the at least one additional image.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject composition useful for treating catabolic alimentary canal-related diseases including intestinal mucosa and pancreatic atrophy, intestinal hyperpermeability, host protective disorders and immunocompetence depression by including glutamine (GLN) or a functional analog of the GLN. SOLUTION: This pharmaceutical composition is obtained by including a therapeutically effective amount which is larger than that contained in a diet at normal times of GLN or a functional analog of the GLN. The resultant composition is administered to an animal. Methods for enterally administering (administering nutrients to a part of an alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus) and nonparenterally administering (administering the nutrients to a region other than the alimentary canal) are cited as the method for administering the composition. The daily dose expressed in terms of the GLN is preferably >=0.3 g/kg body weight) in the case of the enteral method and preferably >=0.1 g/kg body weight in the case of the parenteral method (e.g. intravenous administration).  In the case of oral administration, the GLN is preferably converted into a dry form such as an aseptic freeze-dried powder, aseptically dissolved in water and preferably mixed with other diet compositions at the time of administration.