anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) who have spinal deformity and a stiff spine are the highest-risk group for instability. Despite the increasing use of dual-mobility cups and large femoral heads, dislocation remains a major complication after THA. Preoperative planning becomes a critical aspect of ensuring precise component positioning within a safe zone. The purpose of this study was to investigate dislocation rates over a 9-year period.
METHODS: A retrospective review of 4,731 THAs performed by 3 orthopaedic surgeons between January 2014 and March 2023 was performed. Spinopelvic measurements were conducted to determine the hip-spine classification group for each patient. Only patients classified as 2B (pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis > 10° and Δsacral slope < 10°) were eligible. Both absolute and relative dislocation frequencies were then analyzed using time-series analysis techniques and Fisher's exact tests.
RESULTS: A total of 281 hip-spine 2B patients undergoing primary THA were eligible for analysis (57% women; mean age, range: 66 years, 23 to 87; mean body mass index, range: 28, 16 to 45). The overall dislocation rate was 4.3%. Use of femoral head sizes ≥ 40 mm increased from 4% in 2014 to 2019 to 37% in 2020 to 2023 (P < .001), while the use of dual-mobility cups decreased from 100% in 2014 to 2019 to 37% in 2020 to 2023 (P < .001). Acetabular component planning was changed from the supine plane to the standing plane in February 2020. Those changes in surgical practice were notably correlated with a significant decrease in dislocation rates from 6.8% in 2014 to 2019 to 1.5% in 2020 to 2023 (P = .03).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the introduction of advanced preoperative THA planning to the standing plane, coupled with precise intraoperative technology for implant placement, can significantly reduce the risk of instability in high-risk THA patients. Notably, we observed a significant decrease in dislocation rates, which aligned with the shift in surgical practice.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
PURPOSE: This study sought to identify the sources of differential performance and misclassification error among local (Indian) and external (non-Indian) corneal specialists in identifying bacterial and fungal keratitis based on corneal photography.
METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of survey data assessing the ability of corneal specialists to identify acute bacterial versus fungal keratitis by using corneal photography. One-hundred images of 100 eyes from 100 patients with acute bacterial or fungal keratitis in South India were previously presented to an international cohort of cornea specialists for interpretation over the span of April to July 2021. Each expert provided a predicted probability that the ulcer was either bacterial or fungal. Using these data, we performed multivariable linear regression to identify factors predictive of expert performance, accounting for primary practice location and surrogate measures to infer local fungal ulcer prevalence, including locality, latitude, and dew point. In addition, Brier score decomposition was used to determine experts' reliability ("calibration") and resolution ("boldness") and were compared between local (Indian) and external (non-Indian) experts.
RESULTS: Sixty-six experts from 16 countries participated. Indian practice location was the only independently significant predictor of performance in multivariable linear regression. Resolution among Indian experts was significantly better (0.08) than among non-Indian experts (0.01; P < 0.001), indicating greater confidence in their predictions. There was no significant difference in reliability between the two groups ( P = 0.40).
CONCLUSION: Local cornea experts outperformed their international counterparts independent of regional variability in tropical risk factors for fungal keratitis. This may be explained by regional characteristics of infectious ulcers with which local corneal specialists are familiar.
Standard of Care (ribavirin plus pegylated interferon) plus CTS-1027 15 mg (supplied in a blinded kit containing one bottle each of of 5 mg and 10 mg tablets). One tablet from each of the CTS bottles is taken twice daily, for a total daily dose of 30 mg.
The patients in the intervention group were presented palliative care training in addition to their usual care. The training period lasts at least 45 minutes. After the training, patients were given the book 'Palliative Care in Heart Failure'. In this training, patients were informed about heart failure and pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods for symptoms such as dyspnea, pain, constipation, depression, edema, tiredness, nausea. The patients were followed up by telephone at the first, third, and sixth months after discharge. The patient's symptoms and quality of life were re-evaluated in telephone follow-up. During the follow-up period, the patient's training related to symptoms was repeated. The patients were referred to the physician for the symptoms and problems which they experienced in the house.
Part A of the study will explore the safety and tolerability of a SAD of IV ETX2514. Participants in Cohort 2, aged 18 to 55 years, will receive 0.5 g IV ETX2514/placebo infused over 3 hours.
Corneal scarring is the third leading cause of global blindness. Neovascularization of ocular tissues is a major predisposing factor in scar development. Although corneal transplantation is effective in restoring vision, some patients are at high risk for graft rejection due to the presence of blood vessels in the injured cornea. Current treatment options for controlling corneal scarring are limited, and outcomes are typically poor. In this study, topical application of a small-molecule inhibitor of galectin-3, GB1265, in mouse models of corneal wound healing, led to the reduction of the following in injured corneas: i) corneal angiogenesis; ii) corneal fibrosis; iii) infiltration of immune cells; and iv) expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Four independent techniques (RNA sequencing, NanoString, real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis) determined that decreased corneal opacity in the galectin-3 inhibitor-treated corneas was associated with decreases in the numbers of genes and signaling pathways known to promote fibrosis. These findings allowed for a high level of confidence in the conclusion that galectin-3 inhibition by the small-molecule inhibitor GB1265 has dual anti-angiogenic and anti-scarring effects. Targeting galectin-3 by GB1265 is, thus, attractive for the development of innovative therapies for a myriad of ocular and nonocular diseases characterized by pathologic angiogenesis and fibrosis.
BACKGROUND: The incidence of rectal cancer is increasing in the elderly population, yet the safety of surgical interventions in this group, particularly robotic surgery, is still debated. This study aims to investigate the safety and short-term postoperative outcomes of robotic surgery in geriatric patients (aged ≥ 70 years) with rectal cancer.
PATIENTS: Patients diagnosed with rectal cancer and undergoing robotic surgery between March 2021 and September 2023 were divided into two groups based on age: the elderly group (aged ≥ 70 years) and the younger group (aged < 70 years), totaling 108 patients.
RESULTS: The study included 80 younger patients in group 1 and 28 elderly patients in group 2. The groups had similar gender distribution and tumor characteristics. The elderly group had higher ASA scores and lower albumin levels and underwent the Miles procedure more frequently. The stoma rate was higher in the elderly group. Operation duration, tumor diameter, lymph node dissection numbers, pathological stage, and other histopathological features were similar in the two groups. Postoperative outcomes like hospital stay, complication rates, anastomotic leakage, reoperation rates, unplanned readmissions, and mortality were comparable between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Robotic surgery for rectal cancer in elderly patients is technically feasible and safe. Age should not be a determining factor in patient selection for robotic surgery or be considered a risk factor for postoperative complications.
PURPOSE: To produce a soft gelatin capsule without causing a change in composition of a capsule filling and deformation, etc., of the capsule. CONSTITUTION: This liquid-filled soft gelatin capsule contains a mobile ingredient (other than glycerol) present even in a capsule filling in a capsule shell prepared from gelatin, a plasticizer and, as desired, further an auxiliary material. The mobile ingredient is a pharmaceutically acceptable nonvolatile solvent mixable with the gelatin or capable of forming a solid solution with the gelatin. Tetrahydrofuryl alcohol ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol are cited and 1,2-propylene glycol is especially preferred. The content thereof in the capsule shell is 5-40%, preferably 10-32%. Problems of tack caused when formulating the 1,2-propylene glycol are solved by carrying out the cooling of a gelatin band at the time of production with a cooling drum cooled with a liquid cooling medium.
Toxin complexes and methods for preventing immune rejection of xenografts are provided. Cell toxins are coupled to carriers that display ligands which allow the complex to be recognized by antigen binding sites (i.e., specific B cell and T cell receptors) on the lymphocytes as the target cells responsible for the specific immune response. The toxin complexes interact with the specific receptors (antigen binding sites) on lymphocytes, and are internalized by these target cells. Once internalized, the toxin complex dissociates to release the cell toxin, which destroys the target cell. In one embodiment, the target cells are B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, the antigen binding sites are anti-Gal B cell receptors and T cell receptors which interact with α-gal epitopes displayed on an α1-acid glycoprotein carrier. In other embodiments, the toxin complex is directed by the corresponding ligands to target cells responsible for autoimmune diseases in which the specificity of the autoantibodies is defined.
Each study participant will be admitted to hospital the evening prior to the study. Following admission each study participant will be provided with a standardized dinner. At 7am (t=0) the next day we will begin a primed, constant intravenous infusion d2 glucose (a stable isotope of glucose, the enrichment of which can be measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, allowing us to calculate endogenous glucose production rates) and continue this for 8 hours. At the same time (7am) a pancreatic clamp will be started as described above for 8 hours. Blood samples will be analysed with a glucometer for instant blood glucose readings At 9 am (+120 minutes) intranasal placebo or insulin will be administered. The insulin (Humalog Lispro 100 IU/ml, Eli Lily, Canada) and placebo (diluent) will be transferred to a metered nasal device (Pharmasystems, Ontario #063636 802721, Item 10271) immediately prior to use. This device dispenses 0.1ml (10 IU) per puff. 4 x 0.1 ml puffs/vials (2 per nostril) will be administered at rate of 2 (one in each nostril) every 60 seconds. Blood will be drawn at t=0, 30, 60, 120 and every 10 minutes thereafter for 6 hours. In order to match peripheral lispro concentrations between study visits, a small dose of Humalog (lispro) insulin will be administered intravenously at 9am, during the placebo arm of the study. Based on the pharmacokinetics of Humalog lispro (personal communication from Eli Lilly), we propose to administer 0.005 IU/kg over 30 minutes. 20% dextrose will be administered to maintain euglycemia as necessary. Insulin, glucagon, and glucose isotopic enrichment will be measured. The enrichment data and glucose infusion will be used to calculate steady state glucose production.
BACKGROUND: Instability remains the leading cause of revision following total hip arthroplasty (THA). The objective of the present investigation was to determine whether an elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with an increased risk of instability after primary THA.
METHODS: An administrative claims database was queried for patients undergoing elective, primary THA for osteoarthritis between 2010 and 2022. Patients who underwent THA for a femoral neck fracture were excluded. Patients who had an elevated BMI were grouped into the following cohorts: 25 to 29.9 (n = 2,313), 30 to 34.9 (n = 2,230), 35 to 39.9 (n = 1,852), 40 to 44.9 (n = 1,450), 45 to 49.9 (n = 752), and 50 to 59.9 (n = 334). Patients were matched 1:1 based on age, sex, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, as well as a history of spinal fusion, neurodegenerative disorders, and alcohol abuse, to controls with a normal BMI (20 to 24.9). A multivariate logistic regression controlling for age, sex, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, and additional risk factors for dislocation was used to evaluate dislocation rates at 30 days, 90 days, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Rates of revision for instability were similarly compared at 1 year and 2 years postoperatively.
RESULTS: No significant differences in dislocation rate were observed between control patients and each of the evaluated BMI classes at all evaluated postoperative intervals (all P values > .05). Similarly, the risk of revision for instability was comparable between the normal weight cohort and each evaluated BMI class at 1 year and 2 years postoperatively (all P values > .05).
CONCLUSIONS: Controlling for comorbidities and known risk factors for instability, the present analysis demonstrated no difference in rates of dislocation or revision for instability between normal-weight patients and those in higher BMI classes.
AIM: The wealth of data generated by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides new opportunities for revealing heterogeneities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to develop a method using CGM data to discover T2DM subtypes and investigate their relationship with clinical phenotypes and microvascular complications.
METHODS: The data from 3119 patients with T2DM who wore blinded CGM at an academic medical centre was collected, and a glucose symbolic pattern (GSP) metric was created that combined knowledge-based temporal abstraction with numerical vectorization. The k-means clustering was applied to GSP to obtain subgroups of patients with T2DM. Clinical characteristics and the presence of diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria were compared among the subgroups. The findings were validated in an independent population comprising 773 patients with T2DM.
RESULTS: By using GSP, four subgroups were identified with distinct features in CGM profiles and parameters. Moreover, the clustered subgroups differed significantly in clinical phenotypes, including indices of pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance (all p < .001). After adjusting for confounders, group C (the most insulin resistant) had a significantly higher risk of albuminuria (odds ratio = 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.39) relative to group D, which had the best glucose control. These findings were confirmed in the validation set.
CONCLUSION: Subtyping patients with T2DM using CGM data may help identify high-risk patients for microvascular complications and provide insights into the underlying pathophysiology. This method may help refine clinically meaningful stratification of patients with T2DM and inform personalized diabetes care.
This Phase III trial is designed as a parallel group, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, multi-center evaluation of AZ for the treatment of acute wheezing episodes. The study will recruit eligible patients from an estimated six EDs and enroll up to 2,000 patients. We will test two primary hypotheses: 1) AZ (12 mg/Kg/day) given for 5 days to preschool children with severe acute wheezing and harboring any of three specific pathogenic bacteria (H influenzae, M catarrhalis, or S pneumonia) in their nasopharynx will decrease the severity of the acute episode; and 2) AZ given on an identical schedule and dose will decrease the severity of wheezing episodes in children who do not harbor any of these three pathogenic bacteria in their nasopharynx. We will also explore whether variants in the genes encoding for Cadherin Related Family Member 3 (CDHR3), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and in the 17q asthma-related gene cluster predict response to AZ.

This short-term study has three planned visits. All enrolled patients will participate on the Day 0 visit for screening, the informed consent process, enrollment, randomization, treatment initiation and dispensing drug. A sub-group of 370 randomly selected patients will participate in two follow-up visits on Day 5 - 8 and Day 14 - 21 where they will be tested for antibiotic resistance. The primary outcome will be the sum of the Asthma Flare-up Diary for Young Children (ADYC) score, a validated instrument completed by the parent or guardian of the enrolled children during the 5-day treatment period. Secondary outcomes will include (1) ED length of stay (2) hospital length of stay, and (3) return ED visits or hospitalizations within 72 hours after randomization.
Patients receive rintatolimod IV over 30 minutes on days 1-3 and pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes on day 3. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Beginning in cycle 4, patients receive rintatolimod IV over 30 minutes and pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes on day 1. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 24 months from the first dose in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel method of filling a root canal capable of easily and closely sealing the root canal by adding a shape memory function to a dental root canal filling material.  <P>SOLUTION: Trans-polyisoprene, most widely used as a main component of the dental root canal filling material in the current clinical operation, is easily cross-linked by sulfur or dicumylperoxide, and a molding obtained from the cross-linking has an excellent shape memory function. By paying attention to the above facts, the dental root canal filling material, molded in the shape larger than a root canal to be filled, is manufactured by the method as follows. The root canal filling material is softened with heat and deformed into an insertable shape inserted into the root canal. Then, the deformation is fixed by cooling the material at 0°C, and after that, the root canal filling point, thinly deformed and fixed, is inserted into the root canal. At the time, the root canal filling material is closely attached to the wall of the root canal while restroing the shape with the stimulation of the temperature in the mouth cavity. In this way, the root canal can be closely sealed.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Although research suggests that sexual assault interventions based on Bystander and Social Norms theory help to reduce sexual assault among college men, these programs do not completely eliminate sexual assault and their effects tend to fade over time. Unfortunately, there is minimal research on whether (1) decreasing alcohol use concurrently decreases sexual assault perpetration among college men and (2) whether alcohol interventions can be incorporated into existing sexual assault programs for college men (i.e., Bystander/Social Norms programs). Therefore, the objective of the proposed project is to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing sexual assault perpetration and related outcomes (i.e., bystander behavior; rape myth acceptance) for men who receive a group alcohol intervention only to men who receive a group integrated alcohol and sexual assault intervention. Specifically, the alcohol only intervention will consist of the Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS), an empirically-supported intervention for college student drinking. The integrated alcohol and sexual assault intervention, which we have termed Ohio University's Combined Alcohol and Normative Intervention program (OU CAN), will be modeled after BASICS and empirically-supported Bystander and Social Norms interventions for sexual assault. The current study will recruit 100 college men who are sanctioned by their university to receive an alcohol intervention for violating a campus alcohol policy: by definition an indicated and at-risk population for sexual assault perpetration. Men will be followed for 6 months to determine the effects of the intervention on sexual assault perpetration and other primary outcomes (e.g., bystander behavior).
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a cosmetic capable of readily and uniformly dispersing a zeolite by shaking in use, having excellent compatibility with the skin, easily applicable in a wide range, having excellently massaging effects. SOLUTION: This cosmetic contains (A) an activated zeolite, (B) a polyhydric alcohol having <=1,000 molecular weight and (C) a polymer compound soluble in the component B. The activated (pyrogenic) zeolite is not particularly limited. Zeolite A-3, zeolite A-4, zeolite A-5, etc., of the formula Mx O.Al2 O3 .ySiO2 .zH2 O (M is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal and (x), (y) and (z) are each an arbitrary number) are preferable with respect to readiness of acquisition and economic efficiency. A zeolite subjected to specific treatment such as ion exchange, neutralization or the like can be used. The zeolite has 0.1-200 μm, especially 1-100 μm particle diameter is preferable with respect to hydration rate, a feeling in use, etc.
PURPOSE: The majority of patients with metastatic prostate cancer who receive androgen-deprivation therapy and androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors (ARSI) progress. Activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is associated with ARSI resistance. This single-arm phase I trial assessed safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) feasibility of a combined AR antagonist (enzalutamide) and selective GR modulator (relacorilant) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a phase I trial (NCT03674814) of relacorilant and enzalutamide in patients with refractory mCRPC enrolled using a 6+3 design. The enzalutamide dose was kept constant at 120 mg/d with escalating doses of relacorilant based on safety and PK measures in cohorts of ≥6 patients. The primary objective was safety and establishment of pharmacologically active doses. Secondary objectives were related to antitumor activity.
RESULTS: Thirty-five patients with mCRPC were enrolled. Twenty-three were accrued across three dose cohorts in the dose-escalation phase, and 12 enrolled at the recommended phase II dose. The combination was generally well tolerated, safe, and achieved desirable enzalutamide PK. RP2D of 120 + 150 mg/d, respectively, was established. Median time on study was 2.2 months with four patients remaining on study for longer than 11 months. Four of 12 evaluable patients had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) partial response.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first prospective trial combining an AR antagonist and a nonsteroidal selective GR modulator. The combination was safe and well tolerated with PSA response and prolonged disease control observed in a limited subset of patients. Further prospective trials are justified to evaluate efficacy and identify predictive biomarkers of response.