anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Imatinib mesylate is often associated with edema and occasionally serious fluid retention [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Weigh and monitor patients regularly for signs and symptoms of fluid retention. Investigate unexpected rapid weight gain carefully and provide appropriate treatment. The probability of edema was increased with higher imatinib mesylate dose and age greater than 65 years in the CML studies. Severe superficial edema was reported in 1.5% of newly diagnosed CML patients taking imatinib mesylate, and in 2% to 6% of other adult CML patients taking imatinib mesylate. In addition, other severe fluid retention (e.g., pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, pulmonary edema, and ascites) reactions were reported in 1.3% of newly diagnosed CML patients taking imatinib mesylate, and in 2% to 6% of other adult CML patients taking imatinib mesylate. Severe fluid retention was reported in 9% to 13.1% of patients taking imatinib mesylate tablets for GIST [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. In a randomized trial in patients with newly diagnosed Ph+ CML in chronic phase comparing imatinib mesylate and nilotinib, severe (Grade 3 or 4) fluid retention occurred in 2.5% of patients receiving imatinib mesylate and in 3.9% of patients receiving nilotinib 300 mg twice-daily. Effusions (including pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, ascites) or pulmonary edema were observed in 2.1% (none were Grade 3 or 4) of patients in the imatinib mesylate arm and 2.2% (0.7% Grade 3 or 4) of patients in the nilotinib 300 mg twice-daily arm.
The efficacy of IDHIFA was evaluated in an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, two-cohort clinical trial (Study AG221-C-001, NCT01915498) of 199 adult patients with relapsed or refractory AML and an IDH2 mutation, who were assigned to receive 100 mg daily dose. Cohort 1 included 101 patients and Cohort 2 included 98 patients. IDH2 mutations were identified by a local diagnostic test and retrospectively confirmed by the Abbott RealTime IDH2 assay, or prospectively identified by the Abbott RealTime IDH2 assay, which is the FDA-approved test for selection of patients with AML for treatment with IDHIFA. IDHIFA was given orally at starting dose of 100 mg daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Dose reductions were allowed to manage adverse events.

The baseline demographic and disease characteristics are shown in Table 4. The baseline demographics and disease characteristics were similar in both study cohorts.

Efficacy was established on the basis of the rate of complete response (CR)/complete response with partial hematologic recovery (CRh), the duration of CR/CRh, and the rate of conversion from transfusion dependence to transfusion independence. The efficacy results are shown in Table 5 and were similar in both cohorts. The median follow-up was 6.6 months (range, 0.4 to 27.7 months). Similar CR/CRh rates were observed in patients with either R140 or R172 mutation.

For patients who achieved a CR/CRh, the median time to first response was 1.9 months (range, 0.5 to 7.5 months) and the median time to best response of CR/CRh was 3.7 months (range, 0.6 to 11.2 months). Of the 46 patients who achieved a best response of CR/CRh, 39 (85%) did so within 6 months of initiating IDHIFA.

Among the 157 patients who were dependent on red blood cell (RBC) and/or platelet transfusions at baseline, 53 (34%) became independent of RBC and platelet transfusions during any 56-day post baseline period. Of the 42 patients who were independent of both RBC and platelet transfusions at baseline, 32 (76%) remained transfusion independent during any 56-day post baseline period.
BACKGROUND: Sleep and physical activity (PA) are thought to be interconnected with the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the precise nature and extent of these relationships have yet to be fully quantified. This study aimed to quantify the longitudinal effects of sleep behaviors, PA, and genetic susceptibility on the incidence of RA and to estimate the combined effects and interactions among these exposures.
METHODS: A total of 363,211 adults were derived from a large European cohort. We incorporated five sleep behaviors (sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, chronotype, and daytime sleepiness) to generate sleep patterns, which were defined based on healthy sleep scores. Multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were conducted to assess the individual and combined associations of sleep patterns, PA, and genetic susceptibility with the risk of RA occurrence. Multiplicative and additive interactions were estimated by Pinteraction and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) between each of the two exposures.
RESULTS: During a follow-up of 12.5 years, 4262 RA cases were ascertained. A healthy sleep pattern was associated with a decreased risk of RA in a dose-response manner, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75-0.84), independent of traditional risk factors and genetic predisposition. Under the restricted cubic splines model, a non-linear association was detected for PA and RA risk. Participants in the intermediate quintile 3 showed the lowest risk for developing RA, with a HR 95% CI of 0.84 (0.76-0.92). Moreover, there was an additive interaction effect of intermediate sleep pattern and PA, with a 0.45 (95% CI = 0.02-0.87) RERI of developing RA. Additionally, individuals at high genetic risk had the greatest 10-year absolute risk reduction (10.58 per 1000 person-years) when adopting both favorable behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS: A healthy sleep pattern and moderate PA were associated with a reduced risk of developing RA, which can offset the deleterious effects of predisposing genetic components. Implementing these modifiable lifestyle factors into public health practices is beneficial for RA prevention.
A system and method for targeted healthcare messaging is provided. The system includes a central targeted messaging server for receiving targeted advertisements or messages, such as information about one or more clinical trials, from a plurality of data sources, a notification database for storing the targeted messages and associated, pre-defined criteria, and a web server which can communicate with a plurality of message requesters to receive requests for targeted messages and to convey same to the plurality of message requesters. A customized web site could be provided for allowing vendors (e.g., pharmaceutical companies, etc.) to upload targeted message text files and/or voice files to the system of the present invention. In response to prescription-related activity, requests for targeted messages are transmitted by the plurality of message requesters to the system of the present invention. The targeted messaging server queries the notification database to identify a matching targeted message, and responds with the location of a matching targeted message text and/or voice file. The matching targeted message can then be transmitted and conveyed to the recipient.
1\. Indications 

Progestin-only oral contraceptives are indicated for the prevention of pregnancy.

2\. Efficacy 

If used perfectly, the first-year failure rate for progestin-only oral contraceptives is 0.5%. However, the typical failure rate is estimated to be closer to 5%, due to late or omitted pills. The following table lists the pregnancy rates for users of all major methods of contraception.
The treatment-naïve participants with CLL will receive oral acalabrutinib, IV infusion of obinutuzumab, and oral venetoclax. Participants will receive acalabrutinib Dose 2 BID in 28-day continuous cycles until disease progression, an unacceptable drug-related toxicity, or per the investigator the study treatment is intolerable or no longer in participant's best interest, whichever occurs first. Participants will receive obinutuzumab for total 6 cycles (from Cycles 2 to 7) as Dose 1 on Cycle 2 Day 1, Dose 2 on Cycle 2 Day 2, Dose 3 on Cycle 2 Days 8 and 15, and Dose 3 on Day 1 of Cycles 3 to 7. Participants will receive venetoclax weekly ramp-up schedule over 5 weeks from Cycles 3 to 15 as Dose 1 QD for 1 week on Cycle 3 Day 1, Dose 2 QD for 1 week on Cycle 3 Day 8, Dose 3 QD for 1 week on Cycle 3 Day 15, Dose 4 QD for 1 week on Cycle 3 Day 22, and from Cycle 4 Day 1 participants will receive Dose 5 QD until completion of Cycle 15.
This stepped-wedge cluster randomized evaluation will randomly allocate 18 hospitals into 4 groups to receive our active intervention at different sequential time points according to the randomly assigned stepped-wedge schedule. Hospitals will function as control hospitals until it is their turn to receive the active intervention, according to the stepped wedge schedule. Each wedge consists of 4-5 hospitals and will last 5 months.
The inventive concept is a computerized healthcare product and service ordering system and method. At least one processor is designed to assess the completeness of service orders and contains information about ordered products, services, and associated administrative communications. The processor is programmed to distinguish between the product and service ordered and associated administrative communications, record the information, send confirmation, request fulfillment, and establish a repeat order queue, wherein the software program assesses the priority of the order and bypass trigger points. At least one processor is designed to receive order completeness information for fulfillment and to take corrective action if needed. The processor is designed to assess whether the order is fulfilled on time. The processor, if fulfillment is or will be late, at least one or more of quantitatively, qualitatively, and by delivery location incomplete, is designed to alert selected people. The processor is designed to verify order fulfillment.
Healthy subjects will receive GSK3008356 in morning as single dose or multiple doses of 5 milligrams (mg), 10 mg, 30 mg,45 mg, 75 mg, 90 mg, 125, 180 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg total daily dose or matching placebo in eleven sequential cohorts while receiving a standard fat meal. The initial dosing for the first cohort will be staggered so that 2 subjects will be dosed as sentinel subjects. Provided there are no safety concerns, the remainder of the subjects scheduled for the cohort may be dosed. Eight subjects will be enrolled in each cohort.
Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death. Resulting oligohydramnios can be associated with fetal lung hypoplasia and skeletal deformations. Potential neonatal adverse effects include skull hypoplasia, anuria, hypotension, renal failure, and death. When pregnancy is detected, discontinue VASOTEC as soon as possible. These adverse outcomes are usually associated with use of these drugs in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Most epidemiologic studies examining fetal abnormalities after exposure to antihypertensive use in the first trimester have not distinguished drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system from other antihypertensive agents. Appropriate management of maternal hypertension during pregnancy is important to optimize outcomes for both mother and fetus.

In the unusual case that there is no appropriate alternative to therapy with drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system for a particular patient, apprise the mother of the potential risk to the fetus. Perform serial ultrasound examinations to assess the intra-amniotic environment. If oligohydramnios is observed, discontinue VASOTEC, unless it is considered lifesaving for the mother. Fetal testing may be appropriate, based on the week of pregnancy. Patients and physicians should be aware, however, that oligohydramnios may not appear until after the fetus has sustained irreversible injury. Closely observe infants with histories of in utero exposure to VASOTEC for hypotension, oliguria, and hyperkalemia (see PRECAUTIONS, Pediatric Use).

No teratogenic effects of enalapril were seen in studies of pregnant rats and rabbits. On a body surface area basis, the doses used were 57 times and 12 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human daily dose (MRHDD).
BACKGROUND: Real-world evidence (RWE) generated using real-world data (RWD) presents the potential to contextualize and/or supplement traditional clinical trials for regulatory approval of rare diseases (RDs). This systematic review evaluated the use of RWD for non-oncologic RD therapies with orphan drug designation (ODD) to support efficacy outcomes in regulatory application packages to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). New drug applications (NDAs) and biologic license applications (BLAs) submitted between January 2017 and October 2022 were obtained from publicly available FDA drug approval websites. NDAs and BLAs of non-oncologic RD therapies were screened, and manually reviewed using RWE-related keywords. Quantitative summary of number/proportion of study types was provided, whereas qualitative synthesis focused on key categories of output assessing the use of RWD in overall drug approval process, including agency's feedback on its strengths and key challenges.
RESULTS: A total of 868 NDAs and BLAs were identified, of which 243 were screened for non-oncologic RDs with ODD, and 151 were subsequently reviewed for the RWD used to support efficacy outcomes. Twenty (12 NDAs, 8 BLAs) applications met the review inclusion criteria. Most (19; 95%) applications used only retrospective RWD, while one (5%) collected RWD both retrospectively and prospectively. RWD studies included natural history including registry-based/retrospective historical controls (14; 70%), retrospective medical chart-reviews (4; 20%), and external RWD controls from other studies (2; 10%). The FDA generally accepted RWD studies demonstrating a large effect size despite the noted concerns and criticisms. However, the agency expressed concerns about overall quality and comparability of RWD with trial data for some applications, including RWD study designs with respect to differences in patients' baseline characteristics, missing information, and potential bias and measurement errors.
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review highlights potential benefits of appropriately conducted RWE studies in RD, which can strengthen the clinical evidence for efficacy comparison and contextualization to support product approval efforts, particularly when a large magnitude of effect is observed for the new intervention. Nonetheless, quality and completeness of RWD and its comparability with trial data remain areas of concern that can serve as valuable learnings for advancing future science and regulatory approvals.
This will be a three-arm randomized controlled trial with two treatment arms and one control arm. Participants in the first treatment arm will receive a coach-assisted C-CBT intervention called "Beating the Blues" (BtB). A second treatment arm will receive a coach-assisted, animated C-CBT intervention called "Entertain Me Well" (EMW). Both treatment arms will have 8 weekly sessions that contain core components of CBT. A coach will provide between-session support throughout the 8 sessions. The control arm will use the standard care of BtB without coach assistance.
Patient selection for hormone therapy and anti-HER2 therapy is based on the presence of their respective targets, the ER and HER2, as currently assessed on tumor tissue by molecular biological techniques. In primary breast cancer, both ER and HER2 are powerful predictors for response to ER or HER2 targeting treatment, driving treatment decisions. If both receptors are absent, targeted hormone or anti-HER2 therapy will not be administered and chemotherapy is the only therapeutic option left. MBC management in oncology practice is often based on ER and HER2 status of the primary tumor. However, a biopsy of a metastasis is considered part of the standard work up for MBC, in view of the potential conversion of ER and HER2 during the course of the disease. In contrast to primary breast cancer, no prospective studies have been done to evaluate the impact of (converted) receptor status on metastases, on prognosis and prediction of response to subsequent targeted therapy. Although receptor conversion in MBC is a well known phenomenon, clinicians may refrain from having a biopsy taken, for instance when it would require a highly invasive procedure. Even if it is feasible, the biopsy will only reflect ER and HER2 status of a single lesion, and disregard the potential heterogeneity of expression of ER and HER2 status between and within metastatic lesions.

Therefore, the current standard work up of MBC is not adequate enough or too invasive in a relevant proportion of MBC patients to drive treatment decisions. As a result, these patients incorrectly receive an ineffective treatment with potentially toxic effects. Meanwhile, an effective treatment for these patients may be delayed or even denied (such as chemotherapy or anti-HER2 based therapy) because of inadequate assessment of ER and HER2 status. This shows the need of obtaining up-to-date whole body information with information of characteristics of the different metastases within a patient. Non-invasive 18F-fluoroestradiol(18F-FES)-PET and Zirconium-89(89Zr)-trastuzumab-PET scan techniques are able to visualize the ER and HER2 in metastatic lesions throughout the whole body, and may therefore - in a patient friendly way- provide comprehensive information (i.e. of the primary tumor and various metastatic lesions) on ER and HER2 status. Furthermore, optimal selection of the right treatment for the right patient may not only reduce unnecessary toxicity, but also health care costs. Although various studies have already indicated the clinical utility of 18F-FES-PET and 89Zr-trastuzumab-PET, no prospective data are yet available assessing their predictive value (14-19). Therefore, it is clear that these new techniques, and also the aspects of cost-effectiveness, need to be prospectively evaluated within the framework of established assessments (including metastases biopsies and FDG-PET), to ensure their implementation in standard care.
BACKGROUND: Considering the adverse clinical consequences of pathologic tachycardia and the potential anxiety caused by physiological tachycardia in some heathy individuals, it is imperative to disseminate health information related to tachycardia for promotion in early diagnosis and appropriate management. YouTube has been increasingly used to access health care information. The aim of this study is to assess the quality and reliability of English YouTube videos focusing on tachycardia and further delve into strategies to enhance the quality of online health resources.
METHODS: We conducted a search using the specific key words "tachycardia" in YouTube online library on December 2, 2023. The first 150 videos, ranked by "relevance", were initially recorded. After exclusions, a total of 113 videos were included. All videos were extracted for characteristics and categorized based on different topics, sources or contents. Two independent raters assessed the videos using Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, Modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) tool, Global Quality Scale (GQS) and Tachycardia-Specific Scale (TSS), followed by statistical analyses. All continuous data in the study were presented as median (interquartile range).
RESULTS: The videos had a median JAMA score of 2.00 (1.00), mDISCERN of 3.00 (1.00), GQS of 2.00 (1.00), and TSS of 6.00 (4.50). There were significant differences in JAMA (P < 0.001), mDISCERN (P = 0.004), GQS (P = 0.001) and TSS (P < 0.001) scores among different sources. mDISCERN (P = 0.002), GQS (P < 0.001) and TSS (P = 0.030) scores significantly differed among various contents. No significant differences were observed in any of the scores among video topics. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that VPI exhibited significant correlations with quality and reliability. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that longer video duration, sources of academics and healthcare professionals were independent predictors of higher reliability and quality, while content of ECG-specific information was an independent predictor of lower quality.
CONCLUSIONS: The reliability and educational quality of current tachycardia-related videos on YouTube are low. Longer video duration, sources of academics and healthcare professionals were closely associated with higher video reliability and quality. Improving the quality of internet medical information and optimizing online patient education necessitates collaborative efforts.
This arm will receive a one-time subcutaneous injection of 0.4mL normal saline solution at the time of embryo transfer. This arm will continue to receive all the same treatments that everyone routinely receives for the IVF cycle, e.g. estrogen and progesterone supplements.
Plants have powerful defense mechanisms and extensive immune receptor repertoires, yet crop monocultures are prone to epidemic diseases. Rice (Oryza sativa) is susceptible to many diseases, such as rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. Varietal resistance of rice to blast relies on intracellular nucleotide binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors that recognize specific pathogen molecules and trigger immune responses. In the Yuanyang terraces in southwest China, rice landraces rarely show severe losses to disease whereas commercial inbred lines show pronounced field susceptibility. Here, we investigate within-landrace NLR sequence diversity of nine rice landraces and eleven modern varieties using complexity reduction techniques. We find that NLRs display high sequence diversity in landraces, consistent with balancing selection, and that balancing selection at NLRs is more pervasive in landraces than modern varieties. Notably, modern varieties lack many ancient NLR haplotypes that are retained in some landraces. Our study emphasizes the value of standing genetic variation that is maintained in farmer landraces as a resource to make modern crops and agroecosystems less prone to disease. The conservation of landraces is, therefore, crucial for ensuring food security in the face of dynamic biotic and abiotic threats.
BACKGROUND: In 2005, we reported 3 patients with bilateral optic nerve damage early in life. These patients had stable vision for decades but then experienced significant bilateral vision loss with no obvious cause. Our hypothesis, novel at that time, was that the late decline of vision was due to age-related attrition of retinal ganglion cells superimposed on a reduced neuronal population due to the earlier injury.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The field of epigenetics provides a new paradigm with which to consider the normal aging process and the impact of neuronal injury, which has been shown to accelerate aging. Late-in-life decline in function after early neuronal injury occurs in multiple sclerosis due to dysregulated inflammation and postpolio syndrome. Recent studies by our group in mice have also demonstrated the possibility of partial reversal of cellular aging and the potential to mitigate anatomical damage after injury and even improve visual function.
RESULTS: The results in mice and nonhuman primates published elsewhere have shown enhanced neuronal survival and visual function after partial epigenetic reprogramming.
CONCLUSIONS: Injury promotes epigenetic aging , and this finding can be observed in several clinically relevant scenarios. An understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms at play opens the opportunity to restore function in the nervous system and elsewhere with cellular rejuvenation therapies. Our earlier cases exemplify how reconsideration of previously established concepts can motivate inquiry of new paradigms.