anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Risperidone is extensively metabolized in the liver. The main metabolic pathway is through hydroxylation of risperidone to 9-hydroxyrisperidone by the enzyme, CYP 2D6. A minor metabolic pathway is through N-dealkylation. The main metabolite, 9-hydroxyrisperidone, has similar pharmacological activity as risperidone. Consequently, the clinical effect of the drug results from the combined concentrations of risperidone plus 9-hydroxyrisperidone.

CYP 2D6, also called debrisoquin hydroxylase, is the enzyme responsible for metabolism of many neuroleptics, antidepressants, antiarrhythmics, and other drugs. CYP 2D6 is subject to genetic polymorphism (about 6% to 8% of Caucasians, and a very low percentage of Asians, have little or no activity and are “poor metabolizers”) and to inhibition by a variety of substrates and some non-substrates, notably quinidine. Extensive CYP 2D6 metabolizers convert risperidone rapidly into 9-hydroxyrisperidone, whereas poor CYP 2D6 metabolizers convert it much more slowly. Although extensive metabolizers have lower risperidone and higher 9-hydroxyrisperidone concentrations than poor metabolizers, the pharmacokinetics of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone combined, after single and multiple doses, are similar in extensive and poor metabolizers.

Risperidone could be subject to two kinds of drug-drug interactions. First, inhibitors of CYP 2D6 interfere with conversion of risperidone to 9-hydroxyrisperidone [see Drug Interactions (7)]. This occurs with quinidine, giving essentially all recipients a risperidone pharmacokinetic profile typical of poor metabolizers. The therapeutic benefits and adverse effects of risperidone in patients receiving quinidine have not been evaluated, but observations in a modest number (n ≈ 70) of poor metabolizers given risperidone do not suggest important differences between poor and extensive metabolizers. Second, coadministration of known enzyme inducers (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin, rifampin, and phenobarbital) with risperidone may cause a decrease in the combined plasma concentrations of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone [see Drug Interactions (7)]. It would also be possible for risperidone to interfere with metabolism of other drugs metabolized by CYP 2D6. Relatively weak binding of risperidone to the enzyme suggests this is unlikely [see Drug Interactions (7)].

In vitro studies indicate that risperidone is a relatively weak inhibitor of CYP 2D6. Therefore, risperidone is not expected to substantially inhibit the clearance of drugs that are metabolized by this enzymatic pathway. In drug interaction studies, risperidone did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of donepezil and galantamine, which are metabolized by CYP 2D6. 

In vitro studies demonstrated that drugs metabolized by other CYP isozymes, including 1A1, 1A2, 2C9, 2C19 and 3A4, are only weak inhibitors of risperidone metabolism.
Disclosed are a formula and method for treating the disease of lung meridian tissue by traditional Chinese medicines. The drug formulation provided in the invention comprises 3 g of perilla, 3 g of arctium fruit, 3 g of gypsum, 2g of root of large-flowered skullcap, 3 g of honeysuckle flower, 2g of cortex lycii, 1 g of lilac daphne, 3 g of wrinkled giant hyssop, 3 g of cucurbit, 3 g of Plantain seed, 3 g of gentrin knotweed, 2g of clove, 2g of dried orange peel, 2g of Chinese febervine herb, 2g of imperata rhizome, 3 g of bletilla striata, 2g of catechu, 2g of Sinapis alba, 2g of fritillaria cirrhosa, 3 g of bitter apricot kernel, 2g of polygala root, 3 g of Radix Astragali, 3 g of Chinese yam, 2g of human placenta, 2g of donkey-hide gelatin and 3 g of Lilium brownie. Acupoints used in the method comprise Zhongfu, Yunmen, Tianfu, Xiabai, Chize, Kongzui, Lieque, Jingqu, Taiyuan and Yuji. Auxiliary equipment used in the method comprises a foreign body discharging barrel, a medicine importing barrel, an auxiliary barrel, an ozone generator, a supersonic generator for discharging foreign bodies, a supersonic generator for importing medicines, a supersonic medicine mixer and a traditional Chinese medicine pelletizing machine. Auxiliary articles used comprise purified water, perilla and radix ephedrae. The invention enables the disease of lung meridian tissue to be cured and is applicable to clinical practice.
To assist a patient in having a consultation with a doctor in a medical institution at appropriate timing.SOLUTION: A device for assisting consultation reservation pertaining to an embodiment comprises an acquisition unit, a first estimation unit, a second estimation unit, a determination unit and an output unit. The acquisition unit acquires inquiry information that indicates the inquiry result of a patient. The first estimation unit estimates the disease name of the patient on the basis of the inquiry information. The second estimation unit estimates the diagnosable time of the patient on the basis of the estimated disease name. The determination unit determines consultation timing at which the patient visits a medical institution for consultation with a doctor in accordance with the estimated disease name and diagnosable time. The output unit outputs the determined consultation timing.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
A cocktail of six different test substances to be administered orally followed by an I.V. dose of midzolam. In addition, ethanol will be administered at six different time points with of reaching a blood alcohol concentration of 1 per mille to see its effect on the activity of major cytochrome P450 enzymes, NAT-2 and P-glycoprotein.
AIM: Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) is an increasingly common health problem that is associated with high mortality due to thrombotic and bleeding events. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15), a stress-response cytokine belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, is associated with cardiovascular disease and its outcomes. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of serum GDF15 levels on clinical outcomes in patients with LEAD.
METHODS: We measured serum GDF15 levels in 200 patients with LEAD before their initial endovascular therapy. The primary endpoint was the all-cause mortality rate. The secondary endpoints, on the other hand, were thrombotic and bleeding events, such as cerebral infarction, acute coronary syndrome, acute limb ischemia, and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium types 3 and 5.
RESULTS: The serum GDF15 levels increased with advancing Fontaine class. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the high-GDF15 group (≥ 2,275 pg/mL) had higher rates of all-cause deaths and thrombotic and bleeding events than the low-GDF15 group (<2,275 pg/mL). Multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis revealed that GDF15 was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and thrombotic and bleeding events after adjusting for confounding risk factors. When the ABC-AF-bleeding score was substituted for GDF15, similar results were obtained.
CONCLUSION: Serum GDF15 levels were associated with all-cause mortality and thrombotic and bleeding events in patients with LEAD. Serum GDF15 is a potentially useful marker of clinical outcomes, specifically for tracking thrombotic and bleeding events in patients with LEAD.
BACKGROUND: Titanium mesh cranioplasty is the most common strategy for the repair of skull defects. However, as the frequency of cranioplasty increases, the incidence of titanium mesh exposure following cranioplasty increases as well. This study aimed to investigate the methods and outcomes of plastic surgery in the management of titanium mesh exposure following cranioplasty.
METHODS: Patients with titanium mesh exposure following cranioplasty were retrospectively selected from January 2016 to August 2021. Titanium mesh exposure was corrected with reconstructive plastic surgery, including skin grafting, expander insertion, partial removal of the exposed mesh, replacement of the mesh, or flap transplantation.
RESULTS: This study included 21 patients with titanium mesh exposure with surgical site infection and a variant of scalp deformity. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 74 years, with the mean age being 54 years. All patients underwent reconstructive plastic surgery and exhibited complete wound healing. The follow-up period ranged from 17 to 90 months. One patient experienced titanium mesh re-exposure and subsequently underwent an additional procedure for the partial removal of the exposed mesh. No serious complications were observed postoperatively.
CONCLUSION: Reconstructive plastic surgery can facilitate wound healing at the titanium mesh exposure site following cranioplasty. However, an individualized treatment strategy is required for each patient, and complications should be managed by adopting standard measures.
OBJECTIVE: Neighbourhood deprivation has been found to be associated with many health conditions, but its association with low back pain (LBP) and arthritis is unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between neighbourhood deprivation with LBP and arthritis, and its potential interaction with individual socioeconomic status (SES) on these outcomes.
METHODS: Monozygotic (MZ) twins from the Washington State Twin Registry were used to control for genetic and common environmental factors that could otherwise confound the purported relationship. Multilevel models were employed to examine the association between neighbourhood deprivation as well as individual-level SES with LBP/arthritis, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and residence rurality.
RESULTS: There were 6,380 individuals in the LBP sample and 2,030 individuals in the arthritis sample. Neighbourhood deprivation was not associated with LBP (P = 0.26) or arthritis (P = 0.61), and neither was its interaction with individual-level SES. People without a bachelor's degree were more likely to report LBP (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.26-1.65) or both LBP and arthritis (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.14-2.45) than those with a bachelor's degree, but not for arthritis alone (P = 0.17). Household income was not significantly associated with LBP (P = 0.16) or arthritis (p = 0.23) independent of age, sex, and BMI.
CONCLUSION: Our study did not find significant associations between neighbourhood deprivation and the presence of LBP or arthritis. More research using multilevel modelling to investigate neighbourhood effects on LBP and arthritis is recommended.
The program mainly refers to Ha and Park (2020), and extends the development of the 12-week FPCMP-Old Age program, which combines sports and health integrated nursing management courses (nutrition, psychosocial, drug and other health management activities). Twice a week, 2 hours each time, 12 weeks, a total of 24 times, the execution period is scheduled to be from July to the end of September.
Mindfulness-Based Attention Training (MBAT) was delivered in 4, 2-hour sessions over 4 weeks. Yoga was delivered 6 days/week, 30 minutes per day.
Participants will use their interdental brush according to their personalized "mouth map," rinse with water, brush their teeth using a marketed soft bristled toothbrush and Colgate Cavity Protections Toothpaste for 2 timed minutes and then rinse for 30 seconds with LISTERINEZERO Alcohol Mouthwash COOL MINT under virtual supervision in the morning. At home, participants will brush and rinse a second time unsupervised daily in the evening and twice daily over weekends and holidays for the first 3 months of the study (up to visit 3). After visit 3, for the next three months until the end of the study, weekday virtual visits will drop to three times a week. Throughout the study, only tooth brushing will be performed a second time in the evening (no interdental brush use). First product use will occur at the site under supervision. Participants will be required to record their daily product use times on a participant diary.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new antifungal agent, to provide a skin cosmetic containing the antifungal agent, and to provide a food or drink containing the antifungal agent.  <P>SOLUTION: This antifungal agent contains a saponin represented by formula (I) or (II) or a Styrax obassia Sieb. et Zucc. extract containing the saponin as an active ingredient. The skin cosmetic contains the antifungal agent, and the food or drink contains the antifungal agent.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
The Families and Schools for Health (FiSH) Project evaluates a psychosocial intervention that targets the family and peer contexts of overweight children. 23 rural schools were identified for participation (schools within a 90-mile radius of the PI's campus were targeted) and each was assigned to one of five intervention conditions using stratified random sampling, with stratification based on proximity to each other (to avoid spill-over effects) and proportion of Native American Indian students. A community sample of 1186 1st grade children, their families, and their teachers were successfully recruited. Anthropometric assessments were conducted with the 1186 children. Those who were not at Control schools were invited to participate in the intervention. 541 children qualified for the intervention (i.e., had BMI% \> 75%), including 459 at Intervention schools and 82 at Control schools. Intervention conditions were (1) a 12-week Family Food \& Lifestyle intervention (FL), aimed at improving family nutritional intake, activity levels, weight perception, and parental monitoring of child eating; (2) a 12-week Family Food \& Lifestyle and Family Dynamics intervention (FL+FD) that additionally targets dysfunctional family patterns such as high conflict, poor parent-child communication, and parental over-control or permissiveness; and (3) a Peer Group (PG) intervention conducted throughout one semester of the school year that includes a guidance-type curriculum sensitizing children to the importance of social inclusion of all children. Thus, 5 treatment groups were evaluated in the intervention year and followed through 4th grade: FL, FL+FD, FL+PG, FL+FD+PG, and Control. Child psychosocial variables such as emotional eating, self-esteem, loneliness, and social withdrawal will be analyzed as mediators between family/peer contexts and child overweight.
Provided are methods of increasing ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) levels in a mammalian subject. The methods comprise orally administering to the mammalian subject a composition comprising one or more bacterial strains in an amount effective to increase UDCA levels in the mammalian subject. Also provided are methods of antagonizing farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in intestinal cells of a mammalian subject. Such methods comprise orally administering to the mammalian subject a composition comprising one or more bacterial strains in an amount effective to antagonize FXR in intestinal cells of the mammalian subject. In certain embodiments, the mammalian subject has diabetes, e.g., type 2 diabetes. According to some embodiments, the mammalian subject suffers from a liver disorder, obesity, or both. In certain embodiments, the mammalian subject has colorectal cancer. According to some embodiments, the mammalian subject has gallstones.
Despite the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine, its increasing use as an AD and the recent (2019) FDA approval of ketamine nasal spray as medication for treatment-resistant depression, the exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear.

There are numerous reasons, why so far there has been no coherent explanatory framework. Most previous studies focused on investigating a single domain such as functional connectivity (e.g. Deakin et al., 2008; Scheidegger et al., 2012), functional brain changes to either cognitive (e.g. Honey et al., 2005; Driessen et al., 2013) or emotional challenge (e.g. Scheidegger \& Grimm et al., 2016; Reed et al., 2019), perfusion (e.g. Pollack et al., 2015), magnetic fields (Salvadore et al., 2010) or neurotransmitter concentrations (e.g. Abdallah et al., 2018). Small sample sizes of as little as 8 subjects, the lack of a control group, the limited number of timepoints for measurement of the above-mentioned parameters, and the failure to modulate glutamatergic signalling after ketamine further limit the informative value of previous findings. What is therefore urgently needed in order to better understand the mechanisms of ketamine, is a study that combines neuroimaging in several modalities, investigates acute as well as delayed effects of ketamine and applies an approach to modulate glutamatergic signaling after ketamine.

Accordingly, this study is designed to investigate acute and delayed effects of a single dose of ketamine on functional brain changes during emotional and cognitive challenge and at rest as well as to investigate the functional significance of increased glutamatergic signalling after ketamine. Measurement of functional brain changes will occur during (acute) and 24 hrs. after a single dose of ketamine, as differential effects are hypothesized. To modulate glutamatergic signaling after ketamine, a lamotrigine pretreatment protocol will be used. It is hypothesized that functional brain changes previously linked to ketamine require increased glutamatergic signaling and will be attenuated by pretreatment with lamotrigine. To test these hypotheses, we will implement a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design with 3 treatment conditions (lamotrigine + ketamine, placebo + ketamine, placebo + placebo). All subjects will undergo two scanning sessions (acute + post 24 hrs.). In order to include baseline values as covariates in the analyses, imaging will begin 10 minutes before infusion of ketamine/placebo. Pretreatment with lamotrigine or matching placebo will occur 2 hours before the ketamine/placebo infusion. Blood samples will be taken at 0:30, 1:00, 1:30, 2:55 and 4 hours following oral drug administration to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine, and at 40 minutes after commencing ketamine infusion to confirm target ketamine plasma levels.
Psoriasis is characterized by excessive keratinocyte proliferation and immunocyte infiltration, but the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are universally expressed enzymes that catalyze the first step of protein synthesis. Glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS) is a member of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. In addition to its canonical function, we found that GARS was overexpressed in the serum and skin lesions of patients with psoriasis. Moreover, GARS was highly expressed in human skin keratinocytes, and GARS knockdown in keratinocytes suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis through NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, intradermal injection of recombinant GARS protein caused skin thickening, angiogenesis, and IFN/TNF-driven skin inflammation. Intriguingly, the reported functional receptor for GARS, cadherin 6 (CDH6), was specifically expressed in vascular endothelial cells, and we found that keratinocyte-derived GARS promotes inflammation and angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells through CDH6. In addition, intradermal injection of GARS aggravated the phenotype and angiogenesis in imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis models, whereas the psoriatic phenotype and angiogenesis were relieved after knockdown of GARS by adeno-associated virus. Taken together, the results of this study identify the critical role of GARS in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and suggest that blocking GARS may be a therapeutic approach for alleviating psoriasis.
The invention discloses Chinese herbal powder for treating beriberi, and the powder comprises the following medicament by weight: 16-10 parts of dandelion; 10-30 parts of gypsum; 10-20 parts of gypsum rubrum; 6-10 parts of Rabdosia amethystoides; 6-12 parts of Herba Cepbalanoplosis Segeti; 6-12 parts of Phyllodium pulchellum Desv.; 10-15 parts of Melica scabrosa Trin.; 6-12 parts of Desmos chinensis; 6-10 parts of groundsel; 10-15 parts of Gymnema sylvestre; 10-15 parts of Pronephrium triphyllum; and 10-15 parts of Pteris multifida Poir. The formula of the powder adopts dandelion as the monarch drug, takes gypsum and gypsum rubrum as the minister drugs, employs Rabdosia amethystoides, Herba Cepbalanoplosis Segeti, Phyllodium pulchellum Desv., Melica scabrosa Trin., Desmos chinensis and groundsel as the assistant drugs, and makes Gymnema sylvestre, Pronephrium triphyllum, and Pteris multifida Poir as the envoy drugs. The preparation method of the Chinese herbal powder in the invention is characterized by simplicity, ordinary preparation instruments, lowered production cost and abundant Chinese herbal resources. Especially in vast rural areas, most of the Chinese herbal medicines can be collected without any cost, therefore, the Chinese herbal powder provided in the invention is an ideal medicine for treating beriberi.
Patients receive PLX51107 PO QD on days 1-21 and azacitidine SC or IV over 15 minutes on days 8-14 and 22-28. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
A substantial proportion of diabetic patients suffer a debilitating and persistent pain state, known as peripheral painful neuropathy that necessitates improved therapy or antidote. Purpurin, a natural anthraquinone compound from Rubia tinctorum L., has been reported to possess antidepressant activity in preclinical studies. As antidepressants have been typically used as standard agents against persistent neuropathic pain, this study aimed to probe the effect of purpurin on neuropathic pain associated with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in male C57BL6J mice. The Hargreaves test and the von Frey test were used to assess the pain-like behaviors, shown as heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia respectively. Chronic treatment of diabetic mice with purpurin not only ameliorated the established symptoms of heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, but also arrested the development of these pain states given preemptively at low doses. Although purpurin treatment hardly impacted on metabolic disturbance in diabetic mice, it ameliorated exacerbated oxidative stress in pain-associated tissues, improved mitochondrial bioenergetics in dorsal root ganglion neurons and restored nerve conduction velocity in sciatic nerves. Notably, the analgesic actions of purpurin were modified by pharmacologically manipulating redox status and mitochondrial bioenergetics. These findings unveil the analgesic activity of purpurin, an effect that is causally associated with its bioenergetics-enhancing and antioxidant effects, in mice with type 1 diabetes.
PURPOSE: The telemedicine system and method inspect the most of kinds and blood inspection without necessity for a patient to visit a hospital. CONSTITUTION: The bio disc or bio-chip is processed the reaction of sample. The bio analyzing unit(100) analyzes the reaction. The user terminal(10a) transmits measurement data to the remote diagnosis server(30a). The user terminal offers the consulting service with the medical professional. The virtual doctor guides the method of use of the analyzing unit on the user terminal. The health care expert terminal(10b) offers the consulting service with user. The remote diagnosis server connects the virtual will or the medical professional to user.
Participants who view the Common Sense Model (CSM) "Be Well" text and image communication will be invited to receive two sets of daily text messages: (1) one text message and one image per day and (2) National Cancer Institute (NCI) HealthyYouTXT-Get Active (HYT-GA) program that is delivered 2-5 times daily for 6 weeks. After baseline and at timepoint 2, participants will view a slide presentation with imagery and text related to colorectal cancer risk and sedentary lifestyle. The same messages will be delivered as a drip campaign alongside the NCI HYT-GA text messaging program.
In this arm, all three educational activities are included: Teaching (in a group), distribution of free dental hygiene samples, and advice on reading the customised website. This arm is compared to Arm 2.