anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: Longstanding racial disparities in stroke-related outcomes have been well documented. However, the underlying causes of observed disparities have neither been clearly determined nor have strategies to mitigate disparities been developed. Evidence suggests that racial disparities may be partially explained by structural barriers that can arise from implicit and explicit provider biases, institutional practices, public policies, or characteristics of the community where patients reside and recover from their conditions. The objective of this study is to move beyond traditional measures of disparities by identifying the mechanisms that drive these observed disparities in aphasia and dysphagia across the continuum of care. In this study we will follow stroke survivors for 12 months post-discharge, which will allow us to examine the patient, provider, health system, and administrative factors that impact their aphasia and dysphagia recovery.
METHODS: This study will utilize a 100% sample of Medicare fee-for-service claims data for persons hospitalized for stroke. Patients discharged from acute stroke care will be followed for at least 12 months to measure the timing of post-acute care transition(s) and post-acute care speech-language pathology (SLP) utilization. Functional communication and swallowing outcomes will be measured at initiation, conclusion of post-acute care treatment, and points in-between allowing us to link improvement of functional communication (i.e., aphasia) and swallowing ability (i.e., dysphagia) to aphasia/dysphagia treatments as patients transition through post-acute settings. Then, using regression decomposition methods, we will examine the relationships between race and: (a) where patients receive treatment, (b) the timing of transition between sites of care, and (c) the quality of care received. Decomposition methods will allow us to elucidate the multiple factors that contribute to underlying observed health disparities by quantifying the extent to which differences between the outcomes of two groups are explained by 1) differential endowments or characteristics, such as geographic access, education, risk factors, or insurance coverage; or 2) differences in decision-making, defined as between group differences in outcomes despite equal endowments or unmeasured differences.
DISCUSSION: We hypothesize that racial disparities in aphasia and dysphagia outcomes will not only result from differences in the quantity and timing of services provided in the post-acute and community settings, but also structural differences at the community level. These findings will provide a more comprehensive understanding of healthcare use and outcomes.
Participants in the nitrous oxide group will receive a scented face mask through which nitrous oxide will be administered. The nitrous content of the gas will be titrated up by 20% every 5 breaths with a goal of 70% N2O/ 30% O2 as tolerated by the participant. This group will also receive saline through an IV. All participants will receive local anesthesia in the form of a paracervical block and ibuprofen pre-operatively.
The purpose of this prospective randomized study is to assess the safety, post-vaccination antibody response, and memory response to a subsequent polysaccharide challenge of varying doses of PCV7 compared with the standard dose of PPV23 in immunocompetent adults 70-79 years of age who were previously vaccinated with PPV23 at age 65 years or above and at least 5 years previously. The study will be conducted among a total of 220 persons recruited from GHC and the Seattle VAMC. Participants will be randomized into one of 5 study groups with 44 participants per group. The antigen content of PCV7 will be varied by administration of different volumes of the licensed pediatric formulation of that vaccine. Four groups will receive one of four volumes (0.1 mL, 0.5 mL, 1.0 mL, 2.0 mL) of the licensed pediatric formulation of PCV7 followed 12 months later by administration of a challenge 0.1 mL dose of PPV23 to assess the induction of immunologic memory. The comparison group will receive the standard 0.5 mL dose of PPV23 following 12 months later by administration of a 0.1 mL dose of PPV23.
Control group will follow the standard procedure in our centre and will not undergo USG assessment before spinal anaesthesia. The spinal anaesthesia procedure will be standardized. Under strict aseptic precautions spinal anesthesia will be performed at L3-L4 inter-space using a 25 Gauge Quincke spinal needle (B. Braun Medical SA, Melsungen, Germany) in sitting position. 3 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (15 mg) will be injected with the needle orifice oriented cranially. After injection, patients will be immediately positioned supine. Meanwhile, the non-invasive blood pressure will be measured and recorded every 3 minute for 30 min and then every 5 min throughout surgery and anesthesia.
Integrated Psychological Therapy (IPT) is a manualized psychological intervention that consists of 5 modules which can be completed in a variable number of sessions that will be administered by a therapist and a co-therapist in an open group of 6- 8 patients. Sessions will take place twice a week, and each session should last 60 to 90 min.
Repetitive hepatic damage resulting from viral hepatitis, toxins, and alcohol abuse induces chronic inflammation and excessive accumulation of the extracellular matrix, leading to the development of liver cirrhosis. Substance P (SP) promotes endogenous wound healing by mobilizing bone marrow stem cells and stimulating anti-inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate whether SP exerts a therapeutic effect on liver fibrosis by recruiting endogenous stem cells and modulating immune responses. A non-clinical model of liver cirrhosis was established through repeated injections of thioacetamide and recombinant leptin. After confirming liver fibrosis, SP was administered intravenously for 6 weeks. SP treatment decreased the formation of hepatic micronodules on the external surface of the liver and the infiltration of immune cells. Furthermore, SP treatment notably reduced the deposition of collagen and the activation of hepatic stellate cells, concomitant with decreased levels of transforming growth factor-β1 and matrix metalloproteinase activity. In the context of severe hepatic damage, SP increased the number of circulating stem cells, leading to the restoration of the reparative stem cell pool in the bone marrow. The findings of this study suggest that SP alleviates liver fibrosis by modulating the mobilization of functional stem cells and the immune response.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. 

In a safety/pharmacokinetics study, 60 healthy male and female volunteers received a single intravenous dose of either 6000 Units per kg or 9000 Units per kg VIGIV. The population consisted of vaccinia vaccination-naïve subjects, ages 18 to 32, with both males and females enrolled in an approximate 50:50 ratio.

In a pharmacodynamic study, 32 healthy male and female volunteers were randomized to receive vaccinia vaccination (n=10), VIGIV (9000 Units per kg) 4 days prior to vaccinia vaccination (n=10), or VIGIV (9000 Units per kg) concurrent with vaccinia vaccination (n=12). The population consisted of vaccinia vaccination-naïve subjects, ages 18 to 32, with both male and female enrolled in a 75:25 ratio. The ethnic background of patients included those of Caucasian, African American, Asian and Hispanic descent, with the majority of them being Caucasian.

In an additional pharmacodynamic clinical study, 50 healthy male and female volunteers were randomized to receive VIGIV at 9000 Units per kg (n=20) or at 24,000 Units per kg (n=20) or placebo (n=10) 4 days prior to vaccinia vaccination (n=30) or placebo (n=20). The population consisted of vaccinia vaccination-naïve male and female subjects, ages 18 to 33, in a 60:40 ratio. The ethnic background of patients included those of Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic descent, with the majority of them being African American.

The most frequently reported adverse reactions related to VIGIV administration in all three clinical studies were headache, nausea, rigors, and dizziness. Table 1 describes the adverse reactions that were temporally related to VIGIV or placebo administration that occurred during or within three days of product infusion with a frequency of 5% or higher in any one treatment group.

Most adverse reactions were of mild intensity (defined in study protocols as awareness of a sign or symptom but subject can tolerate). One subject in the 9000 Units per kg dosage group experienced syncope.

There was a lower incidence of adverse reactions when VIGIV (9000 Units per kg) was infused at 2 mL/min than 4 mL/min. There was a higher incidence of adverse reactions after administration of VIGIV in fasted subjects compared to subjects that were not fasted overnight.

There were no serious adverse reactions or adverse reactions of severe intensity in the clinical studies. There were no instances of VIGIV discontinuation due to an adverse event, or reduction in dose or infusion rate.
A 72-year-old man presented with bilateral ground-glass opacities in the lower lung fields on chest radiography. Computed chest tomography showed ground-glass opacities and micronodules in both lower lungs. A video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy of the right lower lung showed homogeneous thickening of the alveolar septa with fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration consistent with fibrotic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (fNSIP). Cicatricial organizing pneumonia and intraluminal pulmonary ossification containing bone marrow that was considered to represent dendriform pulmonary ossification. Idiopathic fNSIP was diagnosed. The patient remains stable under antifibrotic treatment.
Levocarnitine Injection, USP is administered intravenously.

Metabolic Disorders  
The recommended dose is 50 mg/kg given as a slow 2 to 3 minute bolus injection or by infusion. Often a loading dose is given in patients with severe metabolic crisis, followed by an equivalent dose over the following 24 hours. It should be administered every 3 hours or every 4 hours, and never less than every 6 hours either by infusion or by intravenous injection. All subsequent daily doses are recommended to be in the range of 50 mg/kg or as therapy may require. The highest dose administered has been 300 mg/kg.

It is recommended that a plasma carnitine concentration be obtained prior to beginning this parenteral therapy. Weekly and monthly monitoring is recommended as well. This monitoring should include blood chemistries, vital signs, plasma carnitine concentrations (the plasma free carnitine concentration should be between 35 and 60 μmol/L) and overall clinical condition.

ESRD Patients on Hemodialysis

The recommended starting dose is 10 to 20 mg/kg dry body weight as a slow 2 to 3 minute bolus injection into the venous return line after each dialysis session. Initiation of therapy may be prompted by trough (pre-dialysis) plasma levocarnitine concentrations that are below normal (40 to 50 µmol/L). Dose adjustments should be guided by trough (pre-dialysis) levocarnitine concentrations, and downward dose adjustments (e.g. to 5 mg/kg after dialysis) may be made as early as the third or fourth week of therapy. 

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
The invention discloses an oil-in-water type emulsion and a preparation method thereof. The compositions of the emulsion are oil phase components, water phase components, solid particles, surface active agents, preservatives, and compound perfume. The oil phase components and the water phase components are heated up and melted respectively and dispersed uniformly; then the oil phase components are added into the water phase components when the oil phase components and the water phase components are homogeneous at a temperature between 65 and 95 DEG C, are stirred and cooled off; and finally the emulsion is formed. During the preparation of the oil-in-water type emulsion, small amount of surface active emulsifying agents are used (less than or equal to 0.5 percent), and the solid particles with the particle diameter of between 30 and 200 nm are used as emulsifying agents. The oil-in-water type emulsion has the advantages of simple emulsion preparation technology, stable property, good rheological property, and mildness and no stimulation to skin because of extremely-low contents of the surface active agent in the system. The oil-in-water type emulsion can be applied to prepare a stimulation-free skincare moisturizer of cosmetics, in particular to sunscreen, suntan lotion, foundation emulsion and foundation cream which contain physical ultraviolet light screeners.
The invention relates to the field of vaccines of haemophilus parasuis in veterinary biological products, in particular to a haemophilus parasuis LZ-20100109 strain preserved with CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No.5802. The invention further provides application of the haemophilus parasuis LZ-20100109 strain to preparation of inactivated vaccines of the haemophilus parasuis. The haemophilus parasuis LZ-20100109 strain has high pathogenicity for pigs and excellent immunogenicity. Inactivated alumina gel vaccines prepared by the haemophilus parasuis LZ-20100109 strain are safe and reliable. The haemophilus parasuis LZ-20100109 strain can provide homologous tapping poison protection and provide a certain cross protection for heterogenous tapping poisons such as blood serum type 1, type 2, type 4, type 12, type 14 and type 15 HPS (haemophilus parasuis). Morbidity and mortality of vaccinated pigs are evidently reduced, epidemicity and propagation of the haemophilus parasuis can be effectively prevented, economic loss caused by the haemophilus parasuis is reduced, and the haemophilus parasuis LZ-20100109 strain has wide application prospect.
The basic principles that underlie the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis also apply to Extra pulmonary forms of the disease. Although there have not been the same kinds of carefully conducted controlled trials of treatment of Extra pulmonary tuberculosis as for pulmonary disease, increasing clinical experience indicates that a 6 to 9 month short-course regimen is effective. Because of the insufficient data, miliary tuberculosis, bone/joint tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis in infants and children should receive 12 month therapy.

Bacteriologic evaluation of Extra pulmonary tuberculosis may be limited by the relative inaccessibility of the sites of disease. Thus, response to treatment often must be judged on the basis of clinical and radiographic findings.

The use of adjunctive therapies such as surgery and corticosteroids is more commonly required in Extra pulmonary tuberculosis than in pulmonary disease. Surgery may be necessary to obtain specimens for diagnosis and to treat such processes as constrictive pericarditis and spinal cord compression from Pott's Disease. Corticosteriods have been shown to be of benefit in preventing cardiac constriction from tuberculous pericarditis and in decreasing the neurologic sequelae of all stages of tuberculosis meningitis, especially when administered early in the course of the disease.
Obstetric fistula is a chronic health condition that leaves affected women medically, socially, physically, and psychologically battered and traumatized. Those with the health condition live their lives as a social recluse because of the unpleasant smell the disease produces in them thereby making people avoid them. Adequate social support to those affected by the disease from all quarters has helped in the management and prevention of the health condition. This study, therefore, aims at exploring and connecting the link between social work and social support in the management of obstetric fistula in Nigeria and the reintegration of survivors into the society. The study adopted a qualitative approach using interviews and focus group discussions to collect data from 51 participants, and the data were thematically analyzed. The results of the study highlighted the potential roles of social workers in enhancing social support for the management and reintegration of victims of obstetric fistula in Nigeria. The findings also revealed challenges confronting social workers in enhancing social support in fistula victims. Findings from the study have implication for policy development, hence, the full involvement and expansion of the coverage of social workers in maternal and public health is recommended.
The experimental group consists of 24 teaching units (TUs) à 45 minutes over 12 weeks. The course starts with an introductory day (8 TUs), followed by 6 practice evenings every two weeks (2 TUs each) and a final afternoon (4 TUs). The patients will also receive a script with theoretical CST basics and descriptions of the techniques, which should facilitate the correct practice at home.
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the hemostatic effect of different application methods and time of tranexamic acid (TXA) on primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty.
METHODS: A total of 126 patients with primary unilateral total hip replacement admitted between January 2019 and January 2021 were recruited. The patients were divided into three groups (42 people in each group) by random number table method. In group I, 2.0 g TXA was perfused locally into the hip joint cavity through the drainage tube for 2 h. Group II was perfused locally with the same method for 4 h. Group III was given TXA 15 mg/kg intravenously 5-10 min before surgical incision. The hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell (RBC) count, international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), D-Dimer (D-D), intraoperative blood loss, postoperative blood loss, implicit blood loss, total blood loss, postoperative blood transfusion and complications were compared.
RESULTS: The postoperative drainage volume of group I (195.07 ± 34.65) mL and group II (199.62 ± 38.07) mL was significantly lower than that of group III (213.12 ± 25.05) mL (P = 0.037). There was no significant difference in postoperative drainage between group I and group II (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss, hidden blood loss and total blood loss between the three groups (P > 0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis among the three groups (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: TXA is a safe and effective way of hemostasis in total hip arthroplasty. Local intraarticular application of TXA can reduce the postoperative drainage, but the difference is not clinically significant, probably due to the number of samples. There is no difference in the postoperative drainage after local application of 2 or 4 h, and there is no difference in the overall hemostasis effect between intravenous or local application of TXA.
Crohn's disease (CD) is marked by recurring intestinal inflammation and tissue injury, often resulting in fibrostenosis and bowel obstruction, necessitating surgical intervention with high recurrence rates. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying fibrostenosis in CD, we analyzed the transcriptome of cells isolated from the transmural ileum of patients with CD, including a trio of lesions from each patient: non-affected, inflamed, and stenotic ileum samples, and compared them with samples from patients without CD. Our computational analysis revealed that profibrotic signals from a subset of monocyte-derived cells expressing CD150 induced a disease-specific fibroblast population, resulting in chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis. The transcription factor TWIST1 was identified as a key modulator of fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of TWIST1 prevents fibroblast activation, reducing ECM production and collagen deposition. Our findings suggest that the myeloid-stromal axis may offer a promising therapeutic target to prevent fibrostenosis in CD.
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a pathological process that occurs in numerous organs and is often associated with severe cellular damage and death. Ectodysplasin-A2 receptor (EDA2R) is a member of the TNF receptor family that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, to the best of our knowledge, its role in the progression of myocardial I/R injury remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of EDA2R during myocardial I/R injury and the molecular mechanisms involved. In vitro, dexmedetomidine (DEX) exhibited a protective effect on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte injury and downregulated EDA2R expression. Subsequently, EDA2R silencing enhanced cell viability and reduced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, knockdown of EDA2R led to an elevated mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), repressed the release of Cytochrome C and upregulated Bcl-2 expression. EDA2R knockdown also resulted in downregulated expression of Bax, and decreased activity of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in cardiomyocytes, reversing the effects of H/R on mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. In addition, knockdown of EDA2R suppressed H/R-induced oxidative stress. Mechanistically, EDA2R knockdown inactivated the NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, downregulation of EDA2R weakened myocardial I/R injury in mice, as reflected by improved left ventricular function and reduced infarct size, as well as suppressed apoptosis and oxidative stress. Additionally, EDA2R knockdown repressed the activation of NF-κB signal in vivo. Collectively, knockdown of EDA2R exerted anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects against I/R injury in vivo and in vitro by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway.
The present invention relates to an in vivo equine disease model for equine herpesvirus-1 neurological disease comprising a horse having a low pre-exposure level of herpesvirus-specific CTL precursors and/or is approximately 20 years of age or older wherein the horse is experimentally infected with a neuropathogenic strain of equine herpesvirus or a mutant thereof. The invention includes a method of preparing an in vivo equine disease model for equine herpesvirus-1 neurological disease comprising obtaining a horse that possesses low pre-infection levels of EHV-1 specific CTL precursors and/or is approximately 20 years of age or older and inoculating the horse intranasally with an effective infecting amount of a neuropathogenic strain of EHV-1. A particularly preferred method involves the advanced neurological disease stage when the experimental horse presents clinical signs of myeloencephalopathy. Additionally, the invention concerns a method of quantifying the risk factors and predicting the development of clinical neurologic signs of equine herpesvirus-1 neurological disease in a horse comprising the steps of (a) determining the pre-infection CTLp frequency to be less than approximately 40 EHV-1 specific CTLp per 10 6  PBMC; and (b) determining the post-infection viremic load following exposure to EHV-1 to be approximately 10-fold or more over the viremic load present in horses following exposure to a non-neuropathogenic strain of EHV-1. Also described in the invention is the determination of the risk of developing the clinical neurologic signs by use of an equation y=a+bx wherein y is the peak viremic load, a=2.97, b=−0.027 and the variable x is the pre-infection CTLp frequency. Lastly, the invention deals with a new live, attenuated vaccine formulation that is effective against neurologic disease due to equine herpesvirus-1.