anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
During withdrawal from oral corticosteroids, some patients may experience symptoms of systemically active corticosteroid withdrawal, e.g., joint and/or muscular pain, lassitude and depression, despite maintenance or even improvement of respiratory function. Although suppression of HPA function below the clinical normal range did not occur with doses of QVAR up to and including 640 mcg/day, a dose dependent reduction of adrenal cortisol production was observed. Since inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate is absorbed into the circulation and can be systemically active, HPA axis suppression by QVAR could occur when recommended doses are exceeded or in particularly sensitive individuals. Since individual sensitivity to effects on cortisol production exist, physicians should consider this information when prescribing QVAR. Because of the possibility of systemic absorption of inhaled corticosteroids, patients treated with these drugs should be observed carefully for any evidence of systemic corticosteroid effect. Particular care should be taken in observing patients postoperatively or during periods of stress for evidence of inadequate adrenal response.

It is possible that systemic corticosteroid effects, such as hypercorticism and adrenal suppression, may appear in a small number of patients, particularly at higher doses. If such changes occur, QVAR should be reduced slowly, consistent with accepted procedures for management of asthma symptoms and for tapering of systemic steroids. 

A 12 month randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the effects of HFA beclomethasone dipropionate without spacer versus CFC beclomethasone dipropionate with large volume spacer on growth in children age 5-11. A total of 520 patients were enrolled, of whom 394 received HFA-BDP (100 – 400 mcg/day ex-valve) and 126 received CFC-BDP (200 – 800 mcg/day ex-valve). Similar control of asthma was noted in each treatment arm. When comparing results at month 12 to baseline, the mean growth velocity in children treated with HFA-BDP was approximately 0.5 cm/year less than that noted with children treated with CFC-BDP via large volume spacer.

A reduction in growth velocity in growing children may occur as a result of inadequate control of chronic diseases such as asthma or from use of corticosteroids for treatment. Physicians should closely follow the growth of all pediatric patients taking corticosteroids by any route and weigh the benefits of corticosteroid therapy and asthma control against the possibility of growth suppression.

The long-term and systemic effects of QVAR in humans are still not fully known. In particular, the effects resulting from chronic use of the agent on developmental or immunologic processes in the mouth, pharynx, trachea, and lung are unknown.

Inhaled corticosteroids should be used with caution, if at all, in patients with active or quiescent tuberculosis infection of the respiratory tract; untreated systemic fungal, bacterial, parasitic or viral infections; or ocular herpes simplex.

Rare instances of glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure, and cataracts have been reported following the inhaled administration of corticosteroids.
1. Technical Result Providing stability of parenteral formulations comprising COX-2 inhibitors. 2. Essence A pharmaceutical composition comprises, in powder form, water-soluble COX-2 inhibitor, a buffering agent and parenterally acceptable excipient, the composition being reconstitutable. A lyophilization process of water-soluble COX-2 inhibitor, the buffering agent and the excipient is provided for preparation of such a composition. 3. Field of Application Medicine.
Mannitol is frequently used to treat intracranial hypertension after TBI. However, it can be deleterious, particularly through hyperdiuresis and risks of hypovolemia. It also needs volume compensation and induces logistical problem because of needs of high infused volume to achieve osmolar load and avoid hypotension. Finally, some recent studies tend to prove superiority of hypertonic saline versus mannitol on the prognosis of TBI. especially through modulation of inflammatory reactions mechanisms and apoptosis.

We would like to prove non inferiority of hypertonic saline versus mannitol after TBI to allow its large utilization, especially by field military doctors with specific logistical problems. For that, more than the single Intracranial Pressure, we want to study effects of HS vs mannitol not only on PtiO2 but also on cerebral microdialysis which gives informations on focal metabolism with profiles of ischemia, metabolic crisis, hyperglycolysis (possible reflect of neuronal restoration) and normality.
All participants were enrolled in an initial group-delivered Integrated Cognitive Therapy Group, consisting of 12 sessions over approximately 12 weeks prior to randomization to one of the study individually delivered interventions (CPT-M or ICBT). Individuals who were no longer participating in the study at the end of group sessions were not randomized.
Filaggrin (FLG) is an essential structural protein expressed in differentiated keratinocytes. Insufficient FLG expression contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Saikosaponin A (SSA), a bioactive oleanane-type triterpenoid, exerts anti-inflammatory activity. However, the effects of topically applied SSA on FLG expression in inflamed skin remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the biological activity of SSA in restoring reduced FLG expression. The effect of SSA on FLG expression in HaCaT cells was assessed through various biological methods, including reverse transcription PCR, quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence staining. TNFα and IFNγ decreased FLG mRNA, cytoplasmic FLG protein levels, and FLG gene promoter-reporter activity compared to the control groups. However, the presence of SSA restored these effects. A series of FLG promoter-reporter constructs were generated to investigate the underlying mechanism of the effect of SSA on FLG expression. Mutation of the AP1-binding site (mtAP1) in the -343/+25 FLG promoter-reporter abrogated the decrease in reporter activities caused by TNFα + IFNγ, suggesting the importance of the AP1-binding site in reducing FLG expression. The SSA treatment restored FLG expression by inhibiting the expression and nuclear localization of FRA1 and c-Jun, components of AP1, triggered by TNFα + IFNγ stimulation. The ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway upregulates FRA1 and c-Jun expression, thereby reducing FLG levels. The SSA treatment inhibited ERK1/2 activation caused by TNFα + IFNγ stimulation and reduced the levels of FRA1 and c-Jun proteins in the nucleus, leading to a decrease in the binding of FRA1, c-Jun, p-STAT1, and HDAC1 to the AP1-binding site in the FLG promoter. The effect of SSA was evaluated in an animal study using a BALB/c mouse model, which induces human atopic-dermatitis-like skin lesions via the topical application of dinitrochlorobenzene. Topically applied SSA significantly reduced skin thickening, immune cell infiltration, and the expression of FRA1, c-Jun, and p-ERK1/2 compared to the vehicle-treated group. These results suggest that SSA can effectively recover impaired FLG levels in inflamed skin by preventing the formation of the repressor complex consisting of FRA1, c-Jun, HDAC1, and STAT1.
Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease with recurrent seizures and the comorbidity of psychiatric diseases are very common. The prevalence of depression in patients with refractory epilepsy is about 60%. However, the early diagnosis is usually difficult due to the unclear mechanism and untypical clinical symptoms, and there are no extremely effective treatments for depression in patients with epilepsy until now. In this prospective, multi-center, cohort study, we aim to investigate and screen two different types of depression ("cognitive" and "somatic") in patients with epilepsy by using the combination of regular moods evaluating scales and heart rate variability instrument. The intervening methods of combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used to treat the patients with comorbidity of epilepsy and depression. And resting-state functional MRI will be conducted in patients with the comorbidity of epilepsy and depression before and after the combing treatment of tDCS and SSRIs.
Provided are methods of controlling a target bacteria, which methods comprise the step of contacting them with an anti-bacterial composition comprising (i) a water soluble acid, and (ii) an added copper salt. This combination shows synergistic anti-bacterial effect. Preferred acids are organic acids selected from: acetic, lactic, propionic, and formic providing a pH of around 3.8 to 4.2 and whereby the copper is present at around 25 to 50 ppm. Methods may include applying such compositions to foodstuffs as surface decontaminants or other preservatives. Also provides are associated processes for producing anti-bacterial compositions, and the compositions (e.g. animal feeds or animal feed preservatives) themselves.
Patients will receive a 1 gram dose of TXA by IM injection at least 1 hour and 30 minutes after their initial IV injection received at the scene or on arrival to hospital. The IM dose will be given as two 5mL (0.5 gram each) injections into the thigh (rectus femoris or vastus lateralis), gluteal or deltoid muscles, depending on the clinical scenario (e.g. taking into account the type of injury). Injections should be given in a non-injured muscle.
The recommended adult dose is 50 mg as zinc three times daily (See CLINICAL TRIALS).

Since 25 mg t.i.d. is also an effective dose in children 10 years of age or older or in women who are pregnant, it may be advisable to use a dose of zinc to 25 mg three times a day, as long as the patient is compliant with therapy. The dose can be raised to 50 mg t.i.d. if monitoring indicates a lessening of control (see PRECAUTIONS: Monitoring Patients).

Patients should take zinc acetate on an empty stomach, at least one hour before or two to three hours after meals. For additional information, see PRECAUTIONS.
The first breastfeeding after birth will take place within the first half hour - two hours. The second breastfeeding will be performed 2 hours after the first breastfeeding, and the third breastfeeding will be performed at the 24th hour. Three measurements will be made in total.The mother is half-sitting, in the most comfortable position where she can make eye contact with her baby. The baby's head is placed on the mother's chest with her legs on the mother's stomach. With this position, gravity fixes the baby's whole body to that of its mother. The breastfeeding duration will be measured with a chronometer in the breastfeedings at these measurement hours. In order to determine the breastfeeding time, after the mother and baby are positioned, the stopwatch will be started when the baby takes the first breast into his mouth. Data collection forms will be filled.
Multifunctional compn. contains distilled water, alcohol, vegetable tanning agents, ethereal oils, amino acids, protamines, follicle hormone-like substances, and organic ingredients extracted from Portuguese oysters. Natural resins, detersive mineral substances and vitamin-contg. substances can be added. The prepn. causes tightening of cystine bridges in the keratin structure by hydration, whereby permanent waving of hair (or stretching) can be effected. The prepn. is active against dandruff and other skin ailments.
Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m² IV infusion over 30 minutes on D1 of each week for the 4 weeks of the first cycle (1 cycle = 4 weeks). For the following five cycles, gemcitabine infusion on D1, D8, and D15 of each cycle, followed by 1 week without injection (i.e. in total 4 cycles over 24 weeks; with 19 administrations of Gemcitabine).
A series of cationic cyclic peptides, useful for the treatment of infectious diseases in both human and veterinary clinical/surgical environment are described herein. The peptides of the invention have a length of 15 to 21 amino acids, and are cyclizable via formation of a disulfide bridge between two amino acids containing sulfur, suitably located in proximity to -NH2 terminal and -COOH terminal regions of the peptide. Additionally, the central portion of the peptide is characterized by the presence of a number of charged amino acids, partly or totally alternate with neutral amino acids. More specifically, the peptides show a sequence A-B-C-D C'-B'-A', where units A and A' correspond to -NH2 terminal and -COOH terminal regions; units B and B' correspond to amino acids containing sulfur; units C and C are sequences of 5 or 6 amino acids selected among hydrophobic amino acids and basic amino acids and amino acids forming hydrogen bonds; unit D corresponds to the amino acid glycine. Said peptides show significant antibacterial activity, associated with high stability and resistance to the action of bacterial endopeptidases, and weak or null toxicity against eukaryotic cells. In particular, the disposition of hydrophobic amino acids in discrete regions, separate from charged amino acids, gives the peptides high activity, also associated with significant salt-insensitivity. The invention also relates to the synthesis of said peptides, relative pharmaceutical compositions, and the use of said peptides in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria, fungi and /or yeasts.
PURPOSE: A liquid formulation containing dexibuprofen is provided to release the formulation in a sustained-release pattern and reduce administration number. CONSTITUTION: A liquid formulation contains a dexibuprofen-containing sustained release micro particle which contains water-insoluble polymer and solid dispersion of dexibuprofen. The water-insoluble polymer is ethylcellulose, polyvinylacetate, shellac, polymethylmetha acrylate copolymer, cellulose acetate phthalate, or hydroxyl prophylmethyl cellulose phthalate. The inactive particle is a lactose particle, sugar particle, dextran particle or micro crystalline cellulose particle. The liquid formulation is syrup formulation. A method for producing the liquid formulation of dexibuprofen sustained release comprises: a step of dissolving dexibuprofen in water-insoluble polymer to obtain dissolved solution; a step of performing spray-drying of the dissolved solution on the inactive particle to obtain dexibuprofen-containing sustained release micro particle; and a step of making liquid formulation.
###  Adults and Pediatric Patients over 12 years of age

The initial starting dose is 1 mL buprenorphine hydrochloride injection (0.3 mg buprenorphine) given by deep intramuscular or slow (over at least 2 minutes) intravenous injection at up to 6-hour intervals, as needed. 

Repeat once (up to 0.3 mg) if required, 30 to 60 minutes after initial dosage, giving consideration to previous dose pharmacokinetics, and thereafter only as needed. In high-risk patients (e.g., elderly, debilitated, presence of respiratory disease, etc.) and/or in patients where other CNS depressants are present, such as in the immediate postoperative period, the dose should be limited to the minimum required. 

Extra caution should be exercised with the intravenous route of administration, particularly with the initial dose. Occasionally, it may be necessary to administer single doses of up to 0.6 mg to adults depending on the severity of the pain and the response of the patient. This dose should only be given intramuscularly and only to adult patients who are not in a high risk category [see WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS]. At this time, there are insufficient data to recommend single doses greater than 0.6 mg for long-term use.

###  Pediatric Patients

Buprenorphine hydrochloride has been used in pediatric patients 2 to 12 years of age at doses between 2 to 6 micrograms/kg of body weight given every 4 to 6 hours. There is insufficient experience to recommend a dose in infants below the age of two years, single doses greater than 6 micrograms/kg of body weight, or the use of a repeat or second dose at 30 to 60 minutes (such as is used in adults). Since there is some evidence that not all pediatric patients clear buprenorphine faster than adults, fixed interval or "round-the-clock" dosing should not be undertaken until the proper inter-dose interval has been established by clinical observation of the child. Healthcare providers should recognize that, as with adults, some pediatric patients may not need to be remedicated for 6 to 8 hours.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image processing unit and an image processing method that can execute image processing different for each image generating device connected via a network. SOLUTION: The image processing unit identifies a data transmission source based on transmission data from an image generating device via the network. Furthermore, the image processing unit identifies the kind of devices having generated the image data, that is, the modality of e.g. an MR device or a CT device or the like. Moreover, the image processing unit decides image processing to be executed based on identified data and a processing decision table. The table consists of two kinds of tables that correlate the image processing with the data transmission source and the kind of the image generating device and decides the processing based on the identified transmission source and the identified kind of the device.  The image processing unit applies gradation processing to the image data with a gamma curve different for each device and applies its processing to the image data with revised image processing and a revised print output mode or the like.
Stress is a large part of daily modern life; however, it can cause a number of long-term problems for mental and physical health. Recent research has confirmed that there are definite mental and physical health benefits of maintaining significant positive social bonds. Many of these benefits appear to be associated with the ability to regulate stress that is caused by environmental challenges. Drawing on close relationships and expressing affection may help people to recover from stress more effectively. This study will evaluate the tend-and-befriend theory, which suggests that engaging in behaviors aimed at maintaining and strengthening significant social bonds can act as an adaptive response to acute stress.

All participants in this study will undergo a series of standard laboratory stressors designed to elevate cortisol levels. Cortisol, also known as the "stress hormone," is activated and secreted within the body in response to stress. Current research suggests that displaying signs of affection toward a loved one can lower cortisol levels, causing the body to relax and recover from a stressful situation more quickly. After lab tests have been completed, participants will be randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. Participants assigned to the experimental group will spend 20 minutes writing an affectionate letter to a loved one. Participants assigned to the control group will spend 20 minutes writing about meaningless topics. Levels of cortisol will be measured using saliva samples from each participant during the writing session. Levels of oxytocin, a hormone known to transmit signals within the brain and often associated with bonding and building trusting relationships, will be measured from blood samples taken during the writing session as well. Participants will also provide a self-report of their current stress level at the end of the study. Participation in this study will last approximately 2 hours. By examining associations between the communication of affection and responses to acute stress, this study may eventually lead to the development of new and better treatment options for people with constant acute stress.
PURPOSE:To obtain a dark iridescent pigment which has good compatibility with resin and pigment and is safe and whose tint can be easily controlled, by heat-treating in an NH3 stream flaky mica covered with titanium dioxide or a composite material thereof with a metal oxide. CONSTITUTION:Flaky mica covered with titanium dioxide (including hydrate) or its composite material (including hydrate) and a metal oxide is heat-treated in an ammonia stream at 600-950 deg.C to reduce titanium  dioxide to titanium monoxide. When the reducing temp. is lower than 600 deg.C, the reduction of titanium dioxide to titanium monoxide hardly proceeds, while when the temp. is higher than 950 deg.C, sintering or the growth of particles is remarkable and mica itself begins to decompose in the reduction. Thus, such a temp. is not preferred. By controlling reduction conditions, the amount of the produced titanium monoxide can be controlled and the desired color such as blue, bluish black, black or brownish black can be obtd.
This is a prospective, single-center, single-arm, comparative phase 2 study in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Each patient will receive one dose of 68Ga-NY104 and one dose of 18F-FDG by intravenous route. Dedicated whole-body PET/CT imaging will be performed. PET/CT studies will be interpreted by two readers, both of whom will provide independent, blinded interpretations. Imaging interpretations and a composite reference standard will be used to estimate the sensitivity of each modality. The tumor uptake will also be compared for matched lesions.

39 patients will be recruited in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.
BACKGROUND: Patients with microsatellite-instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch-repair-deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer have poor outcomes with standard chemotherapy with or without targeted therapies. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab has shown clinical benefit in nonrandomized studies of MSI-H or dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer.
METHODS: In this phase 3 open-label trial, we randomly assigned patients with unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer and MSI-H or dMMR status according to local testing to receive, in a 2:2:1 ratio, nivolumab plus ipilimumab, nivolumab alone, or chemotherapy with or without targeted therapies. The dual primary end points, assessed in patients with centrally confirmed MSI-H or dMMR status, were progression-free survival with nivolumab plus ipilimumab as compared with chemotherapy as first-line therapy and progression-free survival with nivolumab plus ipilimumab as compared with nivolumab alone in patients regardless of previous systemic treatment for metastatic disease. At this prespecified interim analysis, the first primary end point (involving nivolumab plus ipilimumab vs. chemotherapy) was assessed.
RESULTS: A total of 303 patients who had not previously received systemic treatment for metastatic disease were randomly assigned to receive nivolumab plus ipilimumab or chemotherapy; 255 patients had centrally confirmed MSI-H or dMMR tumors. At a median follow-up of 31.5 months (range, 6.1 to 48.4), progression-free survival outcomes (the primary analysis) were significantly better with nivolumab plus ipilimumab than with chemotherapy (P<0.001 for the between-group difference in progression-free survival, calculated with the use of a two-sided stratified log-rank test); 24-month progression-free survival was 72% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64 to 79) with nivolumab plus ipilimumab as compared with 14% (95% CI, 6 to 25) with chemotherapy. At 24 months, the restricted mean survival time was 10.6 months (95% CI, 8.4 to 12.9) longer with nivolumab plus ipilimumab than with chemotherapy, a finding consistent with the primary analysis of progression-free survival. Grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 23% of the patients in the nivolumab-plus-ipilimumab group and in 48% of the patients in the chemotherapy group.
CONCLUSIONS: Progression-free survival was longer with nivolumab plus ipilimumab than with chemotherapy among patients who had not previously received systemic treatment for MSI-H or dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer. (Funded by Bristol Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceutical; CheckMate 8HW ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04008030.).