anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
An increasing body of evidence suggests that the state of hyperalgesia could be socially transferred from one individual to another through a brief empathetic social contact. However, how the social transfer of pain develops during social contact is not well-known. Utilizing a well-established mouse model, the present study aims to study the functional role of visual and olfactory cues in the development of socially-transferred mechanical hypersensitivity. Behavioral tests demonstrated that one hour of brief social contact with a conspecific mouse injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was both sufficient and necessary for developing socially-transferred mechanical hypersensitivity. One hour of social contact with visual deprivation could not prevent the development of socially-transferred mechanical hypersensitivity, and screen observation of a CFA cagemate was not sufficient to develop socially-transferred mechanical hypersensitivity in bystanders. Methimazole-induced olfactory deprivation, a compound with reversible toxicity on the nasal olfactory epithelium, was sufficient to prevent the development of socially-transferred mechanical hypersensitivity. Intriguingly, repeated but not acute olfactory exposure to the CFA mouse bedding induced a robust decrease in 50 % paw withdrawal thresholds (50 %PWTs) to mechanical stimuli, an effect returned to the baseline level after two days of washout with clean bedding. The findings strongly indicate that the normal olfactory function is crucial for the induction of mechanical hypersensitivity through brief empathetic contact, offering valuable insights for animal housing in future pain research.
BACKGROUND: Thyroid storm is a rare but potentially lethal manifestation of thyrotoxicosis. Guidelines recommend nonoperative management of thyroid storm, but thyroidectomy can be performed if patients fail medical therapy or need immediate resolution of the storm. Outcomes of thyroidectomy for management of thyroid storm remain ill-defined.
METHODS: Using the National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2020, a retrospective analysis was conducted of patients admitted with thyroid storm. Outcomes of interest included operative complications and mortality. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with receiving thyroidectomy and mortality.
RESULTS: An estimated 16,175 admissions had a diagnosis of thyroid storm. The incidence of thyroid storm increased from .91 per 100,000 people in 2016 to 1.03 per 100,000 people in 2020, with a concomitant increase in mortality from 2.9% to 5.3% (P < .001). Operative intervention was pursued in 635 (3.9%) cases with a perioperative complication rate of 30%. On multivariable regression, development of acute decompensated heart failure (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.66, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.03-2.68, P = .037) and acute renal failure (AOR 2.10, 95% CI 1.17-3.75, P = .013) increased odds of receiving surgery. The same multivariable model did not show a significant association between thyroidectomy and mortality.
DISCUSSION: The incidence of thyroid storm and associated mortality increased during the study period. Thyroidectomy is rarely performed during the same admission, with an overall perioperative complication rate of 30% and no effect on mortality. Patients with acute decompensated heart failure and renal failure were more likely to receive an operative intervention.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ischemic stroke poses a serious risk to public health and quality of life. Jie-Du-Huo-Xue decoction (JDHXD) is a classical and well-known Chinese formula for stroke treatment, but the pharmacological mechanism is still unclear.
AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aims to investigate the mechanism underlying microglial pyroptosis and polarization, as well as the potential efficacy of JDHXD against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Models of CIRI were established by the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) method in rats. In the first stage, 36 SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, I/R group, JDHXD-L group (5.36 g/kg/day), JDHXD-M group (10.71 g/kg/day), JDHXD-H group (21.42 g/kg/day), and positive drug edaravone group. The effectiveness of JDHXD on CIRI was confirmed by neurological function testing and cerebral infarct measuring. The best dose (JDXHD-M) was subsequently chosen to perform the tests that followed. In the second stage, 36 SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group, the I/R group, and the JDHXD-M group. Detection of nerve damage using Nissl staining, proteins of pyroptosis, Iba-1, and NeuN expressions were detected by western blotting, and proteins of microglial pyroptosis and M1/M2 phenotypic polarization were detected by immunofluorescence.
RESULTS: In rats after CIRI, JDHXD significantly reduced neurological impairment and cerebral infarction. In addition, JDHXD facilitated the M1-to-M2 transition of microglia in order to minimize neuroinflammation and improve anti-inflammatory repair. In addition, JDXHD inhibited microglial pyroptosis by blocking the cleavage of caspase-1 P10 and gasdermin D, hence reducing neuronal damage and enhancing neuronal survival following reperfusion. Interestingly, JDHXD also demonstrated a protective effect on the glial-vascular unit (GVU).
CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation demonstrated that JDHXD exerted a GVU-protective effect on CIRI rats by decreasing neuroinflammation-associated microglial pyroptosis, suppressing microglial M1 activation, and promoting microglial M2 activation.
Bupropion hydrochloride, an antidepressant of the aminoketone class, is chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, or other known antidepressant agents. Its structure closely resembles that of diethylpropion; it is related to phenylethylamines. It is designated as (±)-1-(3-chorophenyl)-2-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]-1-propanone hydrochloride. The molecular weight is 276.2. The molecular formula is C 13H 18ClNO•HCl. Bupropion hydrochloride powder is white, crystalline, and highly soluble in water. It has a bitter taste and produces the sensation of local anesthesia on the oral mucosa. The structural formula is:

Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets, USP (XL) are supplied for oral administration as 150 mg and 300 mg creamy- white to pale yellow extended-release tablets. Each tablet contains the labeled amount of bupropion hydrochloride and the inactive ingredients: povidone, cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, colloidal anhydrous silica, glycerol dibehanate, magnesium stearate, ethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, colloidal hydrated silica, triethyl citrate, methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer , shellac, iron oxide black and propylene glycol.

The insoluble shell of the extended-release tablet may remain intact during gastrointestinal transit and is eliminated in the feces.

USP dissolution test pending.
Madariaga virus (MADV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) are emerging arboviruses affecting rural and remote areas of Latin America. However, clinical and epidemiologic reports are limited, and outbreaks are occurring at an increasing frequency. We addressed the data gap by analyzing all available clinical and epidemiologic data of MADV and VEEV infections recorded since 1961 in Panama. A total of 168 human alphavirus encephalitis cases were detected in Panama during 1961‒2023. We described the clinical signs and symptoms and epidemiologic characteristics of those cases, and also explored signs and symptoms as potential predictors of encephalitic alphavirus infection compared with those of other arbovirus infections occurring in the region. Our results highlight the challenges for the clinical diagnosis of alphavirus disease in endemic regions with overlapping circulation of multiple arboviruses.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compound exhibiting a powerful and lasting ocular tension reduction function on an occasion for treating glaucoma and unaccompanied by prospects of side effects for eyes.SOLUTION: Compounds expressed by the formula (I), salts, solvates, or prodrugs thereof are provided. The compounds are highly safe prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents having powerful and lasting ocular tension reduction functions and unaccompanied by side effects such as eye irritations (e.g., hyperemia, cornea turbidity, etc.), hydatoid protein gains etc.: (Ris COOR, etc.; Ris a halogen, hydroxyl group, etc.; Z is a divalent group; W is a hydroxyl group, etc.).
A radioactive silicon microsphere injection, a preparation method, and a use. Each 1 ml of radioactive silicon microsphere injection comprises: 0.1 to 200 mg of radioactive silicon microspheres and 1 to 0.85 ml of a hydrogel. The injection is used for the preparation of medications that treat tumors, and can be directly injected into a tumor by interventional means, allowing for direct determination, according to the administration volume, of the radioactive dosage of the radioactive silicon microspheres. Hydrogel that has reached inside of the tumor can, together with calcium ions, form a gel inside of the tumor, so that the radioactive silicon microspheres can be dispersed relatively uniformly and be limited in the tumor. The radioactive silicon microspheres provide high-dosage local radiation therapy to implement the treatment of a solid tumor. The present invention has wide application prospect in solid tumor treatment.
Linaclotide 290 μg/day capsules, administered orally once daily for up to 78 weeks. Dose reduction to 145 μg/day was permitted at the discretion of the Investigator.
Method for making a medicated IUD including a preexisting contraceptive intrauterine platform and an attachment formed as a cylindrical sleeve of base polymer containing a drug such as an antifertility agent. Local controlled release administration of the drug is added to the contraceptive effect of the preexisting platform. The IUD attachment can be made by centrifuging a medical grade of RTV silicone rubber to remove reinforcing fillers therefrom. A selected quantity of the drug is mixed into the fillerless silicone rubber, and the drug and silicone mixture is injected into a multicavity mold. After the mixture sets and the sleeves are removed from the mold, the sleeves are trimmed, then swollen by immersion in a solvent, and slipped onto a stem of the chosen IUD to shrink about the stem. An outer covering over the sleeve can control the drug release rate and impart greater strength to the fillerless silicone rubber of the attachment. The outer covering can be a tube likewise swollen and slipped onto the sleeve to tightly shrink thereon. The multicavity mold has two clamped-together plates with aligned half cavities, an injection opening adapted to fit an injection syringe and alignment grooves to hold tubes or pins that form the axial openings through the sleeves.
The present invention relates to imiquimod, a derivative thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating inflammatory arthritis and related conditions. The present invention relates to the use of imiquimod, a derivative thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating inflammatory arthritis and related conditions. The present invention also relates to a kit comprising a pharmaceutical composition comprising imiquimod, a derivative thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and instructions indicating that the composition is for use in treating inflammatory arthritis and related conditions. In addition, the present invention relates to a method of treating inflammatory arthritis and related conditions comprising administration of imiquimod, a derivative thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The method is preferably carried out on a subject in need of treatment. The inflammatory arthritis is preferably rheumatoid arthritis.
Sham SGB will be 1-2 mL of saline given subcutaneously using ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance. The ketamine will consist of Prior to the sham Stellate Ganglion Block procedure, the study drug ketamine or normal saline will be administered by one of the study team physicians. 100 ml bag will be administered by bolus/infusion or intermittent boluses up to 0.3 mg/kg). The ketamine infusion will start before the sham block where patients will be given 1-4 mg of midazolam + up to 0.3 mg/kg of ketamine, as bolus doses. Over the next 30-60 minutes patients will receive between 0.5-1 mg/kg total dose of ketamine, + additional midazolam as needed.
INTRODUCTION: Spatial disorientation (SD) remains the leading contributor to Class A mishaps in the U.S. Navy, consistent with historical trends. Despite this, SD training for military aircrew is largely confined to the classroom and experiential training replicating SD illusions is limited and infrequent. Static flight simulators are most commonly used for training but offer no vestibular stimulation to the flight crew, omitting the source of vestibular-mediated SD.BACKGROUND: We first cover vestibular-mediated SD illusions which may be replicated through galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) in a static environment. GVS is a safe, reliable, low-cost avenue for providing vestibular sensory stimulation. We review the underlying mechanisms of GVS such as the excitement and inhibition of the afferent neurons innervating the vestibular system, particularly in the binaural bipolar electrode montage.APPLICATIONS: Two approaches for how GVS may be used to enhance SD training are examined. The first is a means for providing unreliable vestibular sensory perceptions to pilots, and the second details how GVS can be leveraged for replicating vestibular-mediated SD illusions.DISCUSSION: We recommend GVS be pursued as an enhancement to existing SD training. The ability to disorient aircrew in the safe training environment of a static flight simulator would allow for aircrew familiarization to SD, serving as an opportunity to practice life-saving checklist items to recover from SD. A repeatable training profile that could be worn by military aircrew in a static flight simulator may afford a low-cost training solution to the number one cause of fatalities in military aviation.Allred AR, Lippert AF, Wood SJ. Galvanic vestibular stimulation advancements for spatial disorientation training. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(7):390-398.
Diabetes results when the insulin secretory capacity of the beta cell population is lost or severely compromised. Plasma insulin levels have been used as a surrogate marker of beta cell mass (BCM) but insulin levels often do not correlate well with BCM and a "gold standard of measurement" to obtain this type of information would be of great value. The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate an islet imaging technique using PET scanning that will be able to be used for directly measuring BCM and thus provide valuable information for monitoring disease progress and response to therapy in people with diabetes and in people at high risk for diabetes. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) occurs when the beta cells are selectively destroyed by a T cell mediated autoimmune process. People at high risk for developing T1DM, such as first degree relatives of patients with T1DM, can be sometimes be identified before the disease develops by measuring autoantibodies to beta cells, however this test is neither very sensitive or specific. In contrast, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) occurs in a setting of insulin resistance leading to hyperinsulinemia. In people at high risk for T2DM, beta cell mass increases to meet the demand for more insulin. The individual becomes diabetic when the BCM and insulin production can no longer compensate for the increased need for insulin, and blood glucose begins to rise. Loss of BCM may then occur as T2DM advances. People at high risk for T2DM include first degree relatives of patients with T2DM and those with obesity, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Little is known about the natural history of BCM, turnover and cell lifetime, or the course of inflammation in diabetes. This is principally because the pancreas is a highly heterogeneous organ that is difficult to biopsy without significant complications, and BCM is only 1-2% of the organ. Accurate assessment of BCM in human diabetes is limited to autopsy studies, which usually suffer from inadequate clinical information; thus, the development of noninvasive means of BCM measurement could be important, not only in intervention therapy of T1DM and T2DM, islet regeneration/stem cell therapy and islet transplantation.

Until recently, islet cell mass visualization has not been clinically feasible. We have previously identified a specific marker on pancreatic beta cells called vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2). In preclinical studies, we have shown that imaging beta cell mass with PET scanning using this radioligand is feasible in rats and in dosimetry studies conducted in baboons. This radioligand, \[11C\]DTBZ, has been used previously in human subjects in clinical trials evaluating P.E.T scanning of the brain in patients with bipolar illness and schizophrenia compared to healthy control subjects. In the current protocol, we propose to use a radioligand, \[11C\]DTBZ, that binds to VMAT2 in positron emission tomography (PET) scanning to assess whether PET can measure beta cell mass in human subjects.
The CC team includes an obstetrical provider and a nursing case manager. The obstetrician will see all participants, initially to discuss preferences for addiction treatment, buprenorphine, methadone (MAT) or no MAT. The obstetrician will see participants every 1-2 weeks, as needed and will provide prenatal care. The care team will meet at least monthly and review the participants' status. For research purposes, the CM will obtain informed consent, collect and enter results of the urine drug screen (UDS) into a database. At enrollment and at 26 and 34 weeks' gestation the care manager will ask participants to complete an assessment battery of self-reported measures.
The intervention group will start the intervention immediately following their baseline assessment. They will undergo another assessment after the 6 month intervention period.
This invention provides a method for repelling biting insects such as mosquitoes by topically applying to the skin of a subject fractions of emu oil obtained by flash chromatography. Also provided are methods for repelling biting insects by topically applying diluted fractions of emu oil. The invention also provides a compound useful in repelling biting insects having the NMR spectrum of FIG. 3, that is ultra violet light sensitive and is reactive to vanillin/sulfuric acid. Also provided are compounds useful in repelling biting insects having the NMR spectrum of FIG. 4, that is not ultra violet light sensitive and is not reactive to vanillin/sulfuric acid.
Radiotherapy is considered standard of care treatment for prostate cancer. In light of the accumulating clinical evidence favoring the use of hypo fractionation, SBRT regimen might constitute a much more convenient non-invasive and highly efficient outpatient therapy. Although the proposed extreme hypofractionated radiotherapy approach was expected to provide excellent local control of the primary prostate cancer, a proportion of patients with intermediate- or high-risk disease may have recurrences with local recurrence or distant metastasis in the future, requiring strategies to minimize systemic disease. Ga-68 PSMA PET/MR has high accuracy in the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. In this protocol, pretreatment Ga-68 PSMA PET/MR and CT scanning were performed in all patients as well as the imaging fusion before delineating the target. This study would explore the simultaneously integrated boost or equential integrated boost to the dominant intraprostatic nodule based on Ga-68 PSMA PET/MR in SBRT.
A single-blind randomized clinical trial will be conducted in patients scheduled for orthognathic surgery, divided between experimental and control groups. Participants will be selected by non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive patients until the estimated sample size is reached. All patients have a skeletal and facial deformity amenable to surgery after a pre-surgical orthodontic period. Patients will be randomly assigned to the experimental group for TENS application or the control group for sham-TENS and the researcher responsible for data analyses will be blinded also. Four variables will be measured: Maximum Jaw Opening using a digital dental caliber, Bite force measured using Dental Prescale Fuji® film, Pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) and facial inflammation using a soft ruler adapted to the contour of the patient's face. Data will be gathered from all patients on jaw opening, bite force, inflammation, and pain before surgery and at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-surgery, conducting measurements both before and after the TENS/sham-TENS session. TENS will be applied in an identical manner to all patients in both groups and kept in position for the same time period (30 min); however, the device will be not switched on for the control group, and the stimulation intensity will be adjusted for those in the experimental group to the maximum that did not cause discomfort or areas of contraction, maintaining this stimulation intensity and frequency throughout the 30-min session. Each participant will submit to a weekly TENS a weekly TENS or sham-TENS session on the same day of the week during a four-week period
BACKGROUND: Carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are rare but clinically significant vascular anomalies characterized by abnormal connections between the cavernous sinus and arteries. This overview presents a comprehensive analysis of anatomy, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, imaging, and therapy of CCFs. The cavernous sinus, a central venous structure in the brain, is of critical importance for understanding CCFs due to its proximity to key structures such as the internal carotid artery and cranial nerves.
CLASSIFICATION: CCFs are classified into direct and dural types, with direct fistulas typically being high-flow and dural fistulas being low-flow. The symptomatology varies greatly and can range from noises in the head, diplopia, red eye, tearing, to blurred vision and headaches. The diagnostic assessment requires a combination of detailed medical history, neurological and ophthalmological examination, and the use of imaging techniques.
METHODS: In imaging, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are crucial for depicting the anatomical structures and blood vessels, while digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is considered the gold standard for accurate representation of the fistula. The treatment of CCFs is complex and depends on the type of fistula, location, and clinical condition of the patient.
CONCLUSION: This overview emphasizes the importance of precise diagnosis and individualized therapy to achieve optimal results and avoid complications. Ongoing developments in medical imaging and treatment techniques will continuously improve the treatment outcomes of patients with CCFs.