anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In vitro imaging of tissue comprises: an endoscope; and ultrasound probe; and an imaging processing unit. The endoscope and ultrasound probe are arranged to be movable to a region of interest of a patient s.1.6, s.1.8. The endoscope is arranged to be registerable to at least one fiducial marker and used to obtain at least one set of endoscopic imaging data. The ultrasound probe is arranged to be registerable to a reference frame of the endoscope and used to obtain at least one set of ultrasound imaging data s.1.10. The image processing unit combines the ultrasound imaging data with at least one of: the endoscopic imaging data s.1.11; or a set of pre-operative imaging data s.1.2 registerable to the at least one fiducial marker; whereby a multi-modal imaging data set is generated. A catheter may be associated with the endoscope and ultrasound probe. The pre-operative imaging data may be obtained from a CT, MRI, or PET scanner. The imaging data of the endoscope may be simulated. A biopsy tool may be arranged to perform a biopsy s.1.12 of a lesion in the region of interest.
Tolerance to clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets may develop from continued therapy. Tolerance is a physiological state characterized by a reduced response to a drug after repeated administration (i.e., a higher dose of a drug is required to produce the same effect that was once obtained at a lower dose). Tolerance to the therapeutic effect of clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets may develop; however, little tolerance develops to the amnestic reactions and other cognitive impairments caused by benzodiazepines.

Following the short-term treatment of patients with panic disorder in Studies 1 and 2 (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Clinical Trials), patients were gradually withdrawn during a 7-week downward-titration (discontinuance) period. Overall, the discontinuance period was associated with good tolerability and a very modest clinical deterioration, without evidence of a significant rebound phenomenon. However, there are not sufficient data from adequate and well-controlled long-term clonazepam studies in patients with panic disorder to accurately estimate the risks of withdrawal symptoms and dependence that may be associated with such use.
BACKGROUND: People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) face disease-related stress throughout their lives, often resulting in depressive mood and fear of progression (FoP). People with a pronounced sense of humor demonstrate greater resilience to stress and tend to perceive threats as challenges. This research investigates whether humor can be identified as a relevant coping factor in pwMS regarding depressive mood and FoP.
METHODS: Participants were 77 German inpatients aged 25-64 years with predominantly relapsing-remitting MS. Blockwise regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between humor skills (Sense of Humor Scale, SHS), depressive mood (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D), and fear of progression (Fear of Progression-Questionnaire, FoP-Q), adjusting for demographic, disease-specific, and self-management variables. Correlational and moderator analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of humor styles (Comic Style Markers, CSM) and self-observation (as a self-distancing measure, Questionnaire to Assess Resources and Self-Management Skills) on these relationships.
RESULTS: The summed SHS score was found to be a significant unique determinant for less depressive mood (CES-D, RΔ = 0.05, p = .005), low FoP (FoP-Q sum score, RΔ = 0.06, p = .004), and greater anxiety coping (FoP-Q anxiety coping, RΔ = 0.06, p = .007). Only light humor style was associated with specific FoP-Q scales; the variable dark humor style was not correlated with any study variable. The subscale self-observation failed to moderate between SHS and emotional disorders.
CONCLUSION: Data indicate that humor skills in pwMS are associated with less depression and FoP, which argues for incorporating adaptive humor as a coping resource into psychosocial interventions for pwMS. However, further validation is needed through larger and longitudinal trials.
A soluble preparation containing riboflavin which is not excessively alkaline for the purpose of injection comprises at least 0.02 per cent riboflavin and an alkali metal borate in amount corresponding to at least one gram atom of boron per gram-mole of riboflavin.  The alkali borate may be sodium tetra borate or sodium metaborate.  Of these the former is preferred as the pH of the resulting solution is lower and the solution is more suitable for injection.  The corresponding potassium salts may also be used.  The ingredients may either be mixed in solution or dry intimate mixtures of sodium or potassium borates may be prepared.  There may be added to the solution other vitamins or other therapeutic factors.  In examples: (1) a mixture is made of riboflavin sodium hydroxide and sodium borate ( 1/100 mol. of each) in aqueous solution, and the double salt precipitated by a water miscible organic solvent such as acetone, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol or dioxane.  (2) An aqueous solution is formed of 1/100 mol of riboflavin, potassium hydroxide and potassium borate penta hydrate and precipitated with acetone.  (3) An aqueous solution is formed of 1/100 mol. of riboflavin and sodium hydroxide and to this is added 1/50 mol. of sodium metaborate.  (4) 1.5 Grams of riboflavin is dissolved in 145 ccs. of 0.1 N-caustic soda and the solution mixed with a solution of 6 grams of boric acid in 200 ccs. of water. The water is removed, e.g. by freezing and the resulting dry powder obtained by evaporation in vacuo in the frozen state sealed into ampules.  (5) An aqueous solution containing riboflavin and caustic soda is added to an aqueous solution containing thiamin chloride, vitamin B6, nicotinic acid amide, calcium pantothenate and boric acid.  The resulting solution is evaporated to dryness with precautions to prevent decomposition such as evaporation in vacuo in the frozen state.  (6) Riboflavin is mixed with sodium borate, if desired in the presence of an inert filler such as milk sugar.  The mixture may be dispensed either as a powder or in tablet form.  (7) Sodium borate is mixed with riboflavin, thiamin chloride, vitamin B6, calcium pantothenate, sodium nicotinate and also if desired an inert filler such as milk sugar.  This mixture also may be dispensed as a powder or in tablet form.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new compound having excellent proliferation inhibiting action on vascular smooth muscle cell, etc., and useful as an agent for suppressing the thickening of vascular wall. SOLUTION: This compound is expressed by formula I (R<1> is H, a halogen, OH, a lower alkyl, a lower alkoxy, a cycloalkylalkoxy, an aralkyloxy, etc.; R<2> and R<3> are each H, a halogen, a lower alkyl, a lower alkoxy, a cycloalkylalkoxy, etc.; R<4> , R<5> and R<6> are each H, OH, a lower alkyl, a lower alkoxy, carboxyl or a lower alkoxycarbonyl; R is H or an alkyl) and its salt, e.g. 1-(3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl)decahydroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester. The compound of formula I can be produced by reacting a cinnamic acid derivative of formula II with a compound of formula III in an inert solvent in the presence of a base and in the presence or absence of a dehydration agent or a condensation agent and, as necessary, hydrolyzing the ester group.
In recent years, due to advancements in medical conditions and the development of scientific research, the fundamental research of TCM antitumor treatments has progressed from the cellular level to the molecular and genetic levels. Previous studies have demonstrated the significant role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in antitumor therapy through various mechanisms and pathways. Its mechanism of action is closely associated with cancer biology across different stages. This includes inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, blocking invasion and metastasis to surrounding tissues, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, regulating immune function, maintaining genome stability, preventing mutation, and regulating cell energy metabolism. The use of TCM for eliciting antitumor effects not only has a good therapeutic effect and low side effects, it also provides a solid theoretical basis for clinical treatment and medication. This paper reviews the mechanism of the antitumor effects of TCM based on tumor characteristics. Through our review, we found that TCM not only directly inhibits tumors, but also enhances the body's immunity, thereby indirectly inducing an antitumor effect. This function aligns with the TCM theory of "strengthening the body's resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors". Furthermore, TCM will play a significant role in tumor treatment in clinical settings.
Petrolatum (also commonly called Vaseline) is a very well known moisturizer that has been used since the 1800's. Not only has it been used to help with dry skin, but it is also marketed as a substance that protects minor cuts and burns. It is widely used by Dermatologists as a substance to apply to wounds from cutaneous surgical procedures. In a large study, petrolatum was shown to be as effective as one of the major topical antibiotics to help prevent infection in patients who underwent dermatologic procedures. Not only are the other topical antibiotics expensive, but also they are commonly the cause of an allergic reaction in up to 10% of the population. Until now, no reason has been found to explain why petrolatum is effective in infection prevention. In a recent study, skin biopsies of skin that had petrolatum applied to them were obtained. Upon analysis certain "antimicrobial peptides" (peptides that possess anti-bacterial properties that help fight infection) have been found to be elevated. This could provide an answer as to why petrolatum was as effective as the topical antibiotic in the study mentioned above.

This study hopes to improve our understanding of how the immune system acts and how the skin responds to petrolatum. In order to reach this goal, normal volunteers, will be patch tested with petrolatum. Then, biopsies will be taken of the skin at the sites where petrolatum was. Also, small biopsies will be taken from an area that received a patch but no petrolatum and an area that did not receive a patch to serve as controls. The biopsied skin samples will then be studied in a laboratory by methods such as immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis, which will help define the response of the immune system to petrolatum. The rationale for the study is to better define petrolatum's effects in skin and how it is effective at preventing infections.
AIM: The gastrointestinal bile acid (BA)/microbiota axis has emerged as a potential mediator of health and disease, particularly in relation to pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. Whilst it presents an exciting new avenue for therapies, it has not yet been characterized in surgical resection of the ileum, where BA reabsorption occurs. The identification of BA/microbiota signatures may provide future therapies with perioperative personalized medicine. In this work we conduct a systematic review with the aim of investigating the microbiome and BA changes that are associated with resection of the ileum.
METHOD: The databases included were MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane libraries. The outcomes of interest were faecal microbiome and BA signatures after ileal resection.
RESULTS: Of the initial 3106 articles, three studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria for data extraction. A total of 257 patients (46% surgery, 54% nonsurgery controls) were included in the three studies. Two studies included patients with short bowel syndrome and the other included patients with IBD. Large-scale microbiota changes were reported. In general, alpha diversity had decreased amongst patients with ileal surgery. Phylum-level changes included decreased Bacteroidetes and increased Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria in patients with an intestinal resection. Surgery was associated with increased total faecal BAs, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. There were decreases in deoxycholic acid and glycine and taurine conjugated bile salts. Integrated BA and microbiota data identified correlations with several bacterial families and BA.
CONCLUSION: The BA/microbiota axis is still a novel area with minimal observational data in surgery. Further mechanistic research is necessary to further explore this and identify its role in improving perioperative outcomes.
The invention discloses a paroxetine hydrochloride liposome solid preparation and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, an active component paroxetine hydrochloride and a specific composition of hydrogenated ovolecithin, cholesterol, hydrogenated soybean phospholipids, tween 40 and PEG600 are prepared into a liposome. Therefore, the dissolution rate, the stability and the bioavailability of the medicine are greatly improved. The effect of the medicine is released smoothly, and the effect is long-lasting. The curative effect of the medicine is substantial. With the preparation, the quality of the preparation product is improved, and toxic and side-effects are reduced.
This will be a single arm study of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Subjects will be wearing the Study Watch and Zio XT Patch concurrently for up to 14 days.
In recent years, the increase in drug-resistant bacteria and associated infections has become one of the major issues in the international community as adverse events associated with the inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents. Although the frequency and percentage of inappropriate use is currently unknown, it has been shown that at least 30% of antimicrobials prescribed in the U.S. are inappropriately used. If no action is taken against inappropriate antimicrobial use, it is estimated that 10 million people will die annually worldwide from drug-resistant organisms by 2050, with an estimated 4.9 million deaths related to drug-resistant organisms and 1.2 million deaths due to drug-resistant organisms already estimated for 2019. In addition, while the development of new antimicrobial agents has declined since the 1980s, the threat of new drug-resistant organisms, especially in hospitals, has increased, and if antimicrobial agents are not used appropriately, there is concern that there will be no effective antimicrobial agents available to treat infections in the future. It is important to avoid such situations by using antimicrobial agents, which are a limited resource, appropriately at this stage, and appropriate use of antimicrobial agents is necessary to prevent drug resistance (Antimicrobial Resistance: AMR).

Third molar extraction is the most commonly performed procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery. One of the main complications after third molar extractions is surgical site infection (SSIs), which is reported to manifest as swelling, pain, abscess, and fever. According to a Cochrane review of randomized controlled trials, the risk of SSIs after third molar extraction in physically fit young patients is about 10%, but in patients with low immunity before extraction, the risk increases up to 25%. Prophylactic administration of antimicrobial agents has an important role in preventing SSIs. However, the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis against SSIs in third molar extractions is controversial. While some studies have reported that antimicrobials are effective in preventing SSIs after third molar extraction, others have reported that they are not.

Guidelines for third molar extraction vary widely in the duration of antimicrobial administration (e.g., Japanese guidelines state a single dose to within 48 hours). In clinical practice, the final decision lies with the surgeon, but this difference in dosing period is a source of confusion. If the duration of administration could be shortened without increasing SSIs, it would contribute to the current presentation of AMR. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of different durations and doses of penicillins, which are considered first-line drugs after third molar surgery, on the prevention of SSIs.
Single-dose etoricoxib 75 mg (1.97 mL) 4% DMSO gel, followed by single-dose etoricoxib 150 mg (4.30 mL) 4% PG gel, followed by single-dose etoricoxib 75 mg (2.15 mL) 4% PG gel, followed by single-dose etoricoxib 150 mg (3.94 mL) 4% DMSO gel. All treatments were applied topically.
INTRODUCTION: Inflammation in acute cholecystitis may cause a cholecystectomy to be more challenging. Due to the difficult dissection, conversion to subtotal cholecystectomy via laparoscopic or open procedure may be required. This is done to reduce the risk of bile duct injury and hemorrhage. We sought to describe the incidence and risk factors, safety, morbidity, and outcomes associated with bailout procedures.
METHODS: A single academic center, retrospective review of laparoscopic cholecystectomies that resulted in bailout procedures performed between January 2015 and December 2020. Data collected from the chart review included demographics, comorbidities, length of presenting symptoms, vital signs, laboratory and imaging, intraoperative findings, length of surgery, and outcome.
RESULTS: A total of 1892 cholecystectomies were performed with 147 bailout procedures. For bailout 92 (63.4%) were converted to open, with 66% resulting in complete cholecystectomy. Hypertension and diabetes were the most common comorbidities. The median duration of symptoms was 4 days. Difficult anatomy in the hepatocystic triangle (66%) and dense adhesions (31%) were the most common reasons for bailout. The mean duration of surgery was 145.76 (SD 102.94) minutes. There were 2 bile duct injuries, both in open total cholecystectomy subgroup. Bile leak occurred in 23.8% with majority in subtotal cholecystectomy group. There was no difference in hospital length of stay, surgical site infection, or mortality among different bailout procedures.
CONCLUSIONS: Subtotal cholecystectomy represents a safe alternative to total cholecystectomy during challenging cases to avoid damaging surrounding structures. The choice of laparoscopic or open subtotal approach is dependent on the surgeons' expertise.
Bupropion hydrochloride, an antidepressant of the aminoketone class, is chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, or other known antidepressant agents. Its structure closely resembles that of diethylpropion; it is related to phenylethylamines. It is designated as (±)-1-(3-chorophenyl)-2-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]-1-propanone hydrochloride. The molecular weight is 276.2. The molecular formula is C13H18ClNO HCl. Bupropion hydrochloride powder is white, crystalline, and soluble in water, 0.1N HCl and in alcohol. It has a bitter taste and produces the sensation of local anesthesia on the oral mucosa. The structural formula is:

Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets, USP (XL) are supplied for oral administration as 150 mg white to off white extended-release tablets. Each tablet contains the abelled amount of bupropion hydrochloride and the inactive ingredients: ammonium chloride, colloidal silicon dioxide, ethyl cellulose, eudragit L30D55, glyceryl behenate, iron oxide black, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, propylene glycol, silicon dioxide, shellac glaze, talc, titanium dioxide, triethyl citrate. The tablets are printed with edible black ink.

The insoluble shell of the extended-release tablet may remain intact during gastrointestinal transit and is eliminated in the feces. 

USP dissolution test is pending.
PURPOSE: A composition containing medicinal herb for preventing or treating gastrointestinal diseases is provided to prevent recurrence of disease without toxicity to human body. CONSTITUTION: A composition for preventing or treating gastrointestinal diseases contains medicinal herb of 100 weight parts of Bupleuri Radix, 10-30 weight parts of Coptidis Rhizoma or 10-30 weight parts of Glycyrrhizae Radix. A medicinal and pharmaceutical product contains the composition and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or additive. The medicinal and pharmaceutical product is used in the form of powder, granule, tablet, capsule, suspension, emulsion, syrup, liquid, aerosol, or suppository. A health food contains the composition containing the medicinal herb and sitologically acceptable carrier or additive. The health food is used in the form of liquid, suspension, powder, granule, tablet, capsule, pill, tea, jelly or beverage.
The invention comprises compounds of formula wherein R is C 1-5 alkyl or Ph (possibly substituted by On alkyl or alkoxy, F or Cl), R 1 and R 2 are each H, C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 alkanoyloxy, C 7-9 phenylalkoxy, F, Cl, Br or OH, or R 1 R 2 is methylenedioxy, A is alkylene (up to C 4 ), and R 3 , R 4 are each alkyl or NR 3 R 4 is pyrrolidino, piperidino, hexamethyleneimino, morpholino, dimethylmorpholino or tetrahydropyridino, ard their pharmaceutically acceptable salts with inorganic or organic acids. These compounds are prepared (except where R 1 or R 2 are OH) by forming the O-A bond, e.g. by reacting the corresponding 3-hydroxyindole (or its alkali metal or trialkylammonium salt) with the aminoalkyl halide or benzene- or toluenesulphonate optionally an alkoxy, alkanoyloxy or phenylalkoxy group in the product is hydrolysed or hydrogenolysed to OH, or an OH group in the product is alkylated or alkanoylated. A further method is to react a 3-methoxyindole with HOANR 3 R 4 in presence of a strong base. Starting materials. N-phenacylanthranilic acids are prepared from an # - hydroxyacetophenone and anthranilic acid, and are converted to the methyl esters with CH 2 N 2 the esters (which are alternatively formed in situ using phenacyl bromide) are cyclized to the 3-hydroxyindoles with NaOEt. Therapeutic compositions for oral, rectal or parenteral administration contain compounds of the above general formula, which have analgesic, anti inflammatory, antitussive, tranquilizing, antiallergic, anti-oedematous, adrenolytic and anaesthesia-potentiating activity.
PURPOSE:To obtain a constituent component for the membrane of a small closed cell, having a hydrophilic region containing one or more cationic residues and one or more hydrophilic groups at one end of the molecule and a hydrophobic region at the other end, and a medical carrier containing this component and including a medicine for diagnosing and improving an injured part of the vascular endothelium therein. CONSTITUTION:This constituent component for the membrane of a small closed cell, e.g. palmitic acid glucamine ester of the formula has a hydrophilic region containing one or more cationic residues and one or more hydrophilic groups incapable of being recognized by a sugar chain-recognizing receptor, enzyme and lectin-like protein at one end of the molecule and a hydrophobic region at the other end. The constituent component gives a small closed cell an effect, e.g. for improving targeting properties to an injured part of the vascular endothelium. The component is low toxic and a medical carrier containing this constituent component is excellent in inclusion ratio of a neutral or anionic substance and remarkably excellent in safety. For example, in the case heparin as a polysaccharide or its sulfate is included, it is useful as a preventive agent for vascular thickening, capable of inhibiting wandering of smooth muscle cells in an injured part of the vascular endothelium.
Because the contraceptive effect of Mirena is mainly due to its local effects within the uterus, ovulatory cycles with follicular rupture usually occur in women of fertile age using Mirena. Ovarian cysts have been reported in approximately 8% of women using Mirena. Most cysts are asymptomatic, although some may be accompanied by pelvic pain or dyspareunia.

In most cases the ovarian cysts disappear spontaneously during two to three months observation. Evaluate persistent ovarian cysts. Surgical intervention is not usually required.