anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, affecting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. By 2040, it is likely to affect 110 million people. Neuroinflammation, specifically through the release of proinflammatory cytokines by M1 microglial cells, plays a crucial role in glaucoma progression. Indeed, in post-mortem human studies, pre-clinical models, and ex-vivo models, RGC degeneration has been consistently shown to be linked to inflammation in response to cell death and tissue damage. Recently, Rho kinase inhibitors (ROCKis) have emerged as potential therapies for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of three ROCKis (Y-27632, Y-33075, and H-1152) on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and retinal neuroinflammation using an ex-vivo retinal explant model.
METHODS: Rat retinal explants underwent optic nerve axotomy and were treated with Y-27632, Y-33075, or H-1152. The neuroprotective effects on RGCs were evaluated using immunofluorescence and Brn3a-specific markers. Reactive glia and microglial activation were studied by GFAP, CD68, and Iba1 staining. Flow cytometry was used to quantify day ex-vivo 4 (DEV 4) microglial proliferation and M1 activation by measuring the number of CD11b+, CD68+, and CD11b+/CD68+ cells after treatment with control solvent or Y-33075. The modulation of gene expression was measured by RNA-seq analysis on control and Y-33075-treated explants and glial and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression was validated by RT-qPCR.
RESULTS: Y-27632 and H-1152 did not significantly protect RGCs. By contrast, at DEV 4, 50 µM Y-33075 significantly increased RGC survival. Immunohistology showed a reduced number of Iba1+/CD68+ cells and limited astrogliosis with Y-33075 treatment. Flow cytometry confirmed lower CD11b+, CD68+, and CD11b+/CD68+ cell numbers in the Y-33075 group. RNA-seq showed Y-33075 inhibited the expression of M1 microglial markers (Tnfα, Il-1β, Nos2) and glial markers (Gfap, Itgam, Cd68) and to reduce apoptosis, ferroptosis, inflammasome formation, complement activation, TLR pathway activation, and P2rx7 and Gpr84 gene expression. Conversely, Y-33075 upregulated RGC-specific markers, neurofilament formation, and neurotransmitter regulator expression, consistent with its neuroprotective effects.
CONCLUSION: Y-33075 demonstrates marked neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, surpassing the other tested ROCKis (Y-27632 and H-1152) in preventing RGC death and reducing microglial inflammatory responses. These findings highlight its potential as a therapeutic option for glaucoma.
Monoclonal antibodies, alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, have been proven to be effective treatment for many malignant diseases in human. Antibodies can mediate cytotoxicity through complement dependent cytotoxicty (CDC), antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) or apoptosis.

AbGn-7 was identified based on its direct killing (apoptosis-inducing) activities towards cancer cells expressing its epitope. In vitro data also demonstrated its ability to elicit CDC and ADCC. The in vivo xenograft study of AbGn-7 demonstrated that AbGn-7 alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents successfully suppressed the growth of gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal tumours. The NHP study proved the safety profile of AbGn-7. The present Phase 1 clinical study is designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of AbGn-7 alone in patients with solid tumors of epithelial origin (Phase 1a) and in combination with a current chemotherapeutic regimen FOLFOX7 in patients with recurrent, locally advanced or metastatic gastric carcinoma (Phase 1b).
The exercise group (EG) will consist of pregnant women who will attend theoretical classes and prenatal exercises in the program of psychophysical preparation for childbirth (EG, n = 35). The experimental group will exercise for 45 minutes, three times a week.
OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze a case of acute spinal cord injury after head and neck surgery.
DESCRIPTION: One hour after left lobo-isthmectomy under laryngeal neuromonitoring for a 3-cm EU-TIRADS 4 - Bethesda 4 thyroid nodule in a 48-year-old euthyroid male without any known comorbidity, left hemiparesis occurred. Cervical spine MRI showed an anteromedial herniated C6-7 disk with medullary compression. The disk was resected, compression was released and C6-7 fusion was performed via an anterior cervical approach on postoperative day 1. Postoperative course was unremarkable, with complete recovery of motion within 2 days. One month later, neurological clinical examination was normal and interview revealed left cervicalgia with onset a few days prior to lobo-isthmectomy. One year later, at the time of writing, the patient was doing fine.
CONCLUSION: Otorhinolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons must be aware of the risk of acute cervical spinal injury after cervical mobilization in head and neck surgery, and should take all measures to avoid this exceptional but dramatic complication.
Dose Escalation Phase: MLN2480 400-600 mg, tablets, orally, once on protocol specified days of a 28-day cycle for up to 12 cycles, and cetuximab administered intravenously at a loading dose of 400 mg/m\^2 (cycle 1 Day 1), then at 250 mg/m\^2 QW on Days 8, 15, and 22 of cycle 1 and Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 in each additional 28-day cycle for up to 12 cycles. The dose of MLN2480 was modified during this phase based on tolerability during each 28-day cycle. Any changes in cetuximab dose was based on the standard of care.
In Canada, over 130 000 cases of primary joint arthroplasty are performed annually, and this number is increasing steadily with the aging population. Projections from the United States estimate that, by 2030, more than 3.5 million primary joint arthroplasties will be performed annually. Although rare, with reported rates of 0.5-2% within 2 years, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication with serious morbidity. Effective use of antibiotic prophylaxis remains an important measure to prevent progression of an intraoperative contamination of the surgical site to an overt clinical infection. It creates a hostile environment in blood and tissue inhibiting pathogens that could contaminate the wound throughout the procedure. In order to be effective, the concentration of antibiotic must exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the organism between skin incision and wound closure. S. aureus and Coagulase-negative staphylocci (CoNS), including S.epidermidis, cause close to half of deep infections and reported MIC ranges from 0.5 to 8 ug/ml in bone. Achieving fourfold MIC in tissue is recommended for halting the pathogen Cefazolin, efficient against most common pathogens in orthopaedics, has a good tissue penetration, minimal toxicity, low cost, and therefore is the antibiotic of choice in arthroplasty procedures. Pharmacokinetics studies have showed that Cefazolin achieves peak bone concentrations 40 minutes after parenteral application and based on systemic dosage methods, guidelines recommend that the antibiotic should be infused within 60 minutes before surgical incision. Compared to conventional systemic dosing, modern techniques using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry can adequately measure antibiotic concentration in tissue like fat and bone.
In recent years, newer drugs, such as ibrutinib, have shown promising improvements in the survival of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Despite their effectiveness, concerns about their cost have arisen, prompting the need for an evaluation of their cost-effectiveness. However, recent assessments of ibrutinib's cost-effectiveness for treating CLL in India reveal divergent conclusions. The discord centers on divergent cost-effectiveness thresholds, comparator regimens, cost calculations, and outcome valuation approaches. Such discrepancies affect public health decisions and patient care. The recommendation calls for adherence to methodological guidelines by future studies, fostering consistent findings to empower policy makers and clinicians in leveraging economic evidence for informed decision making in CLL treatment strategies.
HRQOL is considered one of the most relevant outcomes of both conservative and surgical treatment of scoliosis, for this reason, several questionnaires (e.g. SRS-24 and SRS-22) have been developed. SRS-22 has been reported as the most commonly used scale to measure HRQOL in patient with scoliosis in many countries. However, current literature showed that SRS-22 has poor measurement properties, it does not satisfy fundamental measure requirements, i.e. additivity, generalizability and unidimensionality. According to Rasch analysis study SRS-24 and SRS-22 presents high ceiling effects in conservative care, for the reason that was developed for surgical candidates. The Italian Spine Youth Quality of Life (ISYQOL) questionnaire originally in Italian, is the first HRQOL questionnaire developed according to the Rasch analysis. It was developed in a conservative treatment setting for all type of spinal deformities, including also patients with surgical curves. The ISYQOL has recently been translated into English, however, its adaptation to the Turkish language is necessary for use in the Turkish population. The psychometric properties of any scale may be affected by translation into another language, that's why it is important for the scale to be evaluated psychometrically. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to translate the ISYQOL questionnaire to Turkish and to assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the ISYQOL in terms of test-retest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity when used on patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Adolescent girls with idiopathic scoliosis who applied to Formed Scoliosis Treatment and Brace Center between September 2018 to 2020 are inviting in this stud by mailing
* Stop MonoNessa or TriNessa if an arterial thrombotic event or venous thromboembolic (VTE) event occurs.
  * Stop MonoNessa or TriNessa if there is unexplained loss of vision, proptosis, diplopia, papilledema, or retinal vascular lesions. Evaluate for retinal vein thrombosis immediately [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
  * If feasible, stop MonoNessa or TriNessa at least 4 weeks before and through 2 weeks after major surgery or other surgeries known to have an elevated risk of VTE as well as during and following prolonged immobilization.
  * Start MonoNessa or TriNessa no earlier than 4 weeks after delivery, in women who are not breastfeeding. The risk of postpartum VTE decreases after the third postpartum week, whereas the risk of ovulation increases after the third postpartum week.
  * The use of COCs increases the risk of VTE. However, pregnancy increases the risk of VTE as much or more than the use of COCs. The risk of VTE in women using COCs is 3 to 9 cases per 10,000 woman-years. The risk of VTE is highest during the first year of use of COCs and when restarting hormonal contraception after a break of 4 weeks or longer. The risk of thromboembolic disease due to COCs gradually disappears after use is discontinued.
  * Use of COCs also increases the risk of arterial thromboses such as strokes and myocardial infarctions, especially in women with other risk factors for these events. COCs have been shown to increase both the relative and attributable risks of cerebrovascular events (thrombotic and hemorrhagic strokes). This risk increases with age, particularly in women over 35 years of age who smoke.
  * Use COCs with caution in women with cardiovascular disease risk factors.
AIM: To determine the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in brain structures during the first 2 weeks of life and its relation with neurological outcome for hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in term neonates.
METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 56 term-born neonates. The ADC values were measured for 11 brain regions. The clinical outcomes at least 2 years of age were defined as normal outcome, mild disability and severe disability. The area under curves (AUCs) by ROC analysis were performed to predict the neurodevelopmental outcomes. The clinical outcomes were compared between favourable outcome and adverse outcome and also between normal outcome and unfavourable outcome.
RESULTS: Thirty-four patients were judged as normal outcome, 10 as mild disability and 12 as severe disability. When the clinical outcomes were compared between favourable outcome and adverse outcome, the AUC on the 1st week was highest value at the thalamus. When the clinical outcomes were compared between normal outcome and unfavourable outcome, the AUC on the 1st week was highest at the thalamus.
CONCLUSION: The ADC values in the thalamus in the 1st week can predict the neurological outcome. The ADC values in centrum semiovale on the 2nd week can be used to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes.
KYBELLA (deoxycholic acid) injection, 10 mg/mL is a clear colorless, sterile solution for subcutaneous use. It contains a cytolytic agent, deoxycholic acid, as the active ingredient. The chemical name of deoxycholic acid is 3α,12α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid, and its molecular formula is C24H40O4, and its molecular weight is 392.57 g/mol. The chemical structure of deoxycholic acid is:

Each 2 mL vial of KYBELLA injection contains 20 mg synthetic deoxycholic acid as the active ingredient and the following inactive ingredients: benzyl alcohol (18 mg), dibasic sodium phosphate (2.84 mg), sodium chloride (8.76 mg), sodium hydroxide (2.86 mg) in water for injection, USP. Hydrochloric acid and additional sodium hydroxide are added as necessary to adjust the formulation to pH 8.3. Each vial is for single patient use.
Patients with apnea hypopnea index of at least 5 events per hour. Intervention with positive airway pressure, or intraoral device, or uvuloplasty, or conservative treatment.
A formulation comprising a bisphosphonate in combination with an antifoaming agent to reduce surface tension and/or foaming in the stomach, leading to reduced reflux and oesophagal irritation in use. The composition is useful for the treatment of osteoporosis. The preferred antifoaming agents are polydimethylsiloxanes particularly dimethicone, simethicone or a combination thereof. Preferred phosphonates are selected from alendronic acid, alendronates, disodium etidronate, disodium pamidronate, ibandronic acid, risedronate sodium, sodium clodronate, strontium ranelate, tiludronic acid and zoledronic acid. Particularly preferred are alendronic acid, alendronate, risedronate and etidronate. The formulation may additionally comprise: an antacid, such as a carbonate, trisilicate or oxide salt; a vitamin D derivative, for example ergocalciferol, cholecaldciderol, dihydrotachysterol, alfacalcidol and calcitriol; or a calcium supplement, for example calcium gluconate, calcium chloride etc. A kit comprising the bisphosphonate and antifoaming agent is also outlined.
Dinitrousoxide (N2O) is given with Livopan administrating device. Livopan consists of 50% oxygen and 50% nitrous oxide. Gas mixture is inhaled 5 minutes before the injection procedure and during the injection procedure.
Patients receive clinician's choice of either letrozole PO QD on days 1-28, tamoxifen citrate PO BID on days 1-28, paclitaxel IV over 1 hour on days 1, 8, and 15, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride IV over 1 hour on day 1, or topotecan IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients developing progressive disease may cross over to Arm B.
UNLABELLED: CRF01_AE strains have been shown to form multiple transmission clusters in China, and some clusters have disparate pathogenicity in Chinese men who have sex with men. This study focused on other CRF01_AE clusters prevalent in heterosexual populations. The CD4+ T-cell counts from both cross-section data in National HIV Molecular Epidemiology Survey and seropositive cohort data were used to evaluate the pathogenicity of the CRF01_AE clusters and other HIV-1 sub-types. Their mechanisms of pathogenicity were evaluated by co-receptor tropisms, predicted by genotyping and confirmed with virus isolate phenotyping, as well as inflammation parameters. Our research elucidated that individuals infected with CRF01_AE clusters 1 and 2 exhibited significantly lower baseline CD4+ T-cell counts and greater CD4+ T-cell loss in cohort follow-up, compared with other HIV-1 sub-types and CRF01_AE clusters. The increased pathogenesis of cluster 1 or 2 was associated with higher CXCR4 tropisms, higher inflammation/immune activation, and increased pyroptosis. The protein structure modeling analysis revealed that the envelope V3 loop of clusters 1 and 2 viruses is favorable for CXCR4 co-receptor usage. Imbedded with the most mutating reverse transcriptase, HIV-1 is one of the most variable viruses. CRF01_AE clusters 1 and 2 have been found to have evolved into more virulent strains in regions with predominant heterosexual infections. The virulent strains increased the pressure for early diagnosis and treatment in HIV patients. To save more lives, HIV-1 surveillance systems should be upgraded from serology and genotyping to phenotyping, which could support precision interventions for those infected by virulent viruses.
IMPORTANCE: Retroviruses swiftly adapt, employing error-prone enzymes for genetic and phenotypic evolution, optimizing survival strategies, and enhancing virulence levels. HIV-1 CRF01_AE has persistently undergone adaptive selection, and cluster 1 and 2 infections display lower counts and fast loss of CD4+ T cells than other HIV-1 sub-types and CRF01_AE clusters. Its mechanisms are associated with increased CXCR4 tropism due to an envelope structure change favoring a tropism shift from CCR5 to CXCR4, thereby shaping viral phenotype features and impacting pathogenicity. This underscores the significance of consistently monitoring HIV-1 genetic evolution and phenotypic transfer to see whether selection bias across risk groups alters the delicate balance of transmissible versus toxic trade-offs, since virulent strains such as CRF01_AE clusters 1 and 2 could seriously compromise the efficacy of antiviral treatment. Only through such early warning and diagnostic services can precise antiviral treatments be administered to those infected with more virulent HIV-1 strains.
A Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) is an emerging treatment for children with Tourette Syndrome (TS) and has been shown to be efficacious in separate randomized trials with children and adults; however, many families of children with TS are prevented from accessing it due to limited availability of adequately trained treatment providers. Recent research has shown that videoconference-delivered CBIT is as effective as face to face delivery, and that both modalities are efficacious. Despite its effectiveness, traditional videoconferencing has limitations including lack of portability, ease of access, the need for third party clinics, and cost. A newer, more convenient alternative to increase access is the use of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) transmission, allowing for the direct delivery of CBIT to patients' homes.

Therefore the objective of this study (the final phase of a three-phase project) is to establish the preliminary efficacy of VoIP-modified CBIT for reducing tics in children with TS relative to a waitlist-control. Twenty children (ages 9-17) with TS or Chronic Tic Disorder as a primary diagnosis will be recruited for a randomized, observer-blind, waitlist controlled trial of VoIP-delivered CBIT. Participants will be randomly assigned to 8 weekly sessions of CBIT-VoIP over a 10-week acute treatment period, or waitlist control condition. As an exploratory aim, the current study will investigate potential correlates of treatment outcome, including home computer equipment available (i.e., web camera type, microphone type, internet upload speed, and type of internet connection), prior computer experience, and comfort with study computer equipment.
Age related macular degeneration also known as AMD is the most common cause of blindness in Europe, the USA and other industrialized countries. AMD appears in people above the age of 50. The origin despite intensive research and many clinical trials is not fully understood. However, it is assumed that AMD is multifactorial. It has metabolic, genetic and environmental components that play crucial roles in the development of the disease. The interaction of different etiologic risk factors in chronic changes in the macular area (choroid, Bruch's membrane, and retinal pigment epithelium) is reflected in a slowly progressive loss of vision. AMD is classified into a dry and a wet form. The dry form represents 80% of all AMDs and it only leads to blindness in 10% of the cases. Dry AMD is characterized by drusen, pigmentary changes (hypo/hyper-pigmentation and-or atrophy of the photoreceptors with the RPE and the choriocapillaries as well). A successful therapy for this form is still unknown, but studies have shown that a change in lifestyle and dietary supplements (vitamins) can slow the progression of the disease. The wet form represents 20% of AMDs, but in 80-90% of the cases patients may experience rapid and serious vision loss. The vision loss is due to the formation of abnormal blood vessels, which are leaking in the choroid because they have no barrier and cause accumulation of blood and fluid in the intraretinal and/or subretinal space and ultimately leading to an irreversible scarring stage (Kuhnt-Junius scar). Against wet-AMD, there are numerous treatment possibilities, and they are very efficient. The treatment is mainly on the basis of anti-angiogenesis, the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug (Anti-VEGF) comes as an intravitreal injection ranibizumab (Lucentis). With only a few articles focusing on the reading speeds as a criteria in patients with macular disorders, analyses of the evolution of the reading speed of Wet-AMD patients are needed before and after Lucentis injections with the use Radner's reading chart : The Radner reading chart is a highly standardized multilingual reading test system that was developed in 1998 for clinical practice.
Background and Objectives: Correction of lower face asymmetry still remains challenging in maxillofacial surgery. This report describes techniques for the lateral transposition of the symphyseal segment to restore lower face symmetry while maintaining gender-related features in cis- and transgender patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of 31 patients who attended for esthetic corrective surgery after orthodontic camouflage or orthognathic treatment, or during facial feminization of the lower face between June 2021 and June 2023 was performed. Result: All patients underwent lateralization genioplasty (with or without advancement or setback), either with or without narrowing T-osteotomy supplemented with necessary procedures in order to obtain proper facial balance and desired esthetical effects, such as bichectomy, liposuction, and face and neck lift. The mean asymmetry of the chin was 5.15 mm and was surgically corrected either by single segment lateralization or T-shape narrowing genioplasty depending on the gender and esthetical requirements. No complications were reported. Conclusions: Lateral shift genioplasty serves as a powerful tool in primary and secondary corrective surgery for lower face asymmetry that maintains gender-specific facial features. It may serve either as an additive to orthodontic camouflage or a way to correct previous orthognathic surgery pitfalls. The surgeon performing esthetic genioplasty associated with gender-specific expectations must be trained in facelift and facial liposculpting techniques in order to provide the best results and properly choose the right procedures for the right patients.