anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical condition with various causes and is associated with increased mortality. Despite advances in supportive care, AKI increases not only the risk of premature death compared with the general population but also the risk of developing chronic kidney disease and progressing towards kidney failure. Currently, no specific therapy exists for preventing or treating AKI other than mitigating further injury and supportive care. To address this unmet need, novel therapeutic interventions targeting the underlying pathophysiology must be developed. New and well-designed clinical trials with appropriate end points must be subsequently designed and implemented to test the efficacy of such new interventions. Herein, we discuss predictive and prognostic enrichment strategies for patient selection, as well as primary and secondary end points that can be used in different clinical trial designs (specifically, prevention and treatment trials) to evaluate novel interventions and improve the outcomes of patients at a high risk of AKI or with established AKI.
An enhanced chelator includes a chelating agent and a volatile material encapsulated in a biologically benign microcapsule. The enhanced chelator possesses significantly improved shelf-life in aqueous biological buffer solutions because the chelating agent is encapsulated in the microcapsule and, therefore, separated from solution components with which the chelating agent would react. The enhanced chelator is activated at a predetermined elevated temperature defined by the boiling point of the volatile material. At this predetermined elevated temperature, the volatile material exerts a vapor pressure sufficient to rupture the microcapsule and thereby release the chelating agent from the microcapsule. In one embodiment, a manganese chelator such as ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) is solubilized in ethanol and encapsulated in a poly(lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microsphere. Upon heating to 80° C., ethanol boils within the PLGA microsphere and undergoes several orders of magnitude volume change, thereby rupturing the PLGA microsphere and releasing EGTA.
Using a mixed methods design, the study will collect quantitative data before, during, and after training. Qualitative data will be collected after the training period and analyzed to explain the quantitative findings in depth, within the context of everyday life. Study aim 1 is to evaluate the feasibility of using EMA to measure adherence and of applying the MI approach. Quantitative data will include four indicators of adherence and accuracy. Interview responses will be used as qualitative data to elucidate participants' acceptance of the MI approach and feedback on using the EMA app. Study aim 2 is to explore to what extent UE outcomes change after the 4-week self-initiated home-based rehabilitation program. Outcomes will include UE use in real-world environments and self-perceived changes in UE use.
Experimenters will employ a continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) sequence using a figure-8 coil positioned tangentially to the scalp over the target coordinates. Experimenters have defined the target coordinates for stimulation (Montreal Neuroscience Institute coordinates -53, -53, 23) based on peak objective distancing activation in the left temporal parietal junction (TPJ) in previous fMRI studies using the same task. Thirty minutes after stimulation, experimenters will employ a sham version of the TMS intervention where subjects will receive a small electrical stimulation on the scalp via two small electrodes in conjunction with a TMS coil activation. The TMS coil will be reoriented to stimulate into the air away from the scalp, simulating traditional TMS, without inducing any current to the subject.
### Absorption and Bioavailability

The absolute bioavailability of a metformin hydrochloride 500 mg tablet given under fasting conditions is approximately 50% to 60%. Studies using single oral doses of metformin hydrochloride tablets 500 mg to 1500 mg, and 850 mg to 2550 mg, indicate that there is a lack of dose proportionality with increasing doses, which is due to decreased absorption rather than an alteration in elimination. Food decreases the extent of and slightly delays the absorption of metformin, as shown by approximately a 40% lower mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax), a 25% lower area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC), and a 35 minute prolongation of time to peak plasma concentration (Tmax) following administration of a single 850 mg tablet of metformin with food, compared to the same tablet strength administered fasting. The clinical relevance of these decreases is unknown.

### Distribution

The apparent volume of distribution (V/F) of metformin following single oral doses of metformin hydrochloride tablets 850 mg averaged 654 + 358 L. Metformin is negligibly bound to plasma proteins, in contrast to sulfonylureas, which are more than 90% protein bound. Metformin partitions into erythrocytes, most likely as a function of time. At usual clinical doses and dosing schedules of metformin hydrochloride tablets, steady state plasma concentrations of metformin are reached within 24 to 48 hours and are generally < 1 mcg/mL. During controlled clinical trials of metformin hydrochloride tablets, maximum metformin plasma levels did not exceed 5 mcg/mL, even at maximum doses.

### Metabolism and Elimination

Intravenous single-dose studies in normal subjects demonstrate that metformin is excreted unchanged in the urine and does not undergo hepatic metabolism (no metabolites have been identified in humans) nor biliary excretion. Renal clearance (see Table 1) is approximately 3.5 times greater than creatinine clearance, which indicates that tubular secretion is the major route of metformin elimination. Following oral administration, approximately 90% of the absorbed drug is eliminated via the renal route within the first 24 hours, with a plasma elimination half-life of approximately 6.2 hours. In blood, the elimination half-life is approximately 17.6 hours, suggesting that the erythrocyte mass may be a compartment of distribution.
The invention discloses a 3,4-dihydroxyl phenethyl alcohol fibrate carboxylic ester compound and a preparation method and application thereof and belongs to the technical field of biological medicine. There is a big difference between the compound and fibrate carboxylic acid, but the compound still has lipid-reducing activity, and TC and TG are reduced at the same time. Besides, the compound has the effect of resisting oxidative stress to protect vascular endothelial injury. The invention further discloses the preparation method of 3,4-dihydroxyl phenethyl alcohol fibrate carboxylic ester compound. 3,4-dihydroxyl phenethyl alcohol, benzyl bromide and potassium carbonate serve as reaction raw materials, 3,4-dibenzyloxy phenethyl alcohol is prepared through a backflow reaction and column chromatographic separation, 3,4-dibenzyloxy phenethyl alcohol, a fibrate carboxylic compound, 1-(3-dimethylamino propyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride and 4-dimethylamino pyridine are dissolved in N,N-dimethyl formamide to react, finally, palladium on carbon is added for catalysis, and after a cleaning reaction, the hydroxytyrosol fibrate carboxylic ester compound is prepared. Operation of the reaction is easy, the requirement for equipment is low, and the compound is environmentally friendly.
PURPOSE:To obtain the title making-up cosmetic easily and advantageously, by demulsifying a water-miscible organic liquid in an aqueous emulsion of an oily compound mixed with a powder base with stirring, and by separating and drying the coagulated mixture thus formed from the liquid. CONSTITUTION:An aqueous emulsion comprising an anionic or a nonionic surface active agent, etc. as an emulsifier, of an oily compound (e.g. cacao butter, beeswax, etc.), mixed with a powder base (e.g. Mg2CO3, talc, etc.), is added with stirring, a water miscible organic liquid (e.g. methanol, etc.) in an amount of 20- 130wt% based on the emulsion, to demulsify the emulsion. The coagulated mixture thus formed is separated from the liquid and dried to obtain an oily powder cosmetic for point making up, substantially homogeneous, coated stably, powdery or formed like a cake, having good adhesiveness to the skin, affinity, and touch.
The invention belongs to the field of immunology, and relates to a single domain antibody aiming at GPA33, and a derivative protein and application thereof. The single domain antibody is composed of a heavy chain, wherein the heavy chain comprises a heavy chain CDR1 shown by any one of SEQ ID NO. 41-SEQ ID NO. 47, a heavy chain CDR2 shown by any one of SEQ ID NO. 48-SEQ ID NO. 55 and a heavy chain CDR3 shown by any one of SEQ ID NO. 56-SEQ ID NO. 68. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention screens out the single-domain antibodies specific to GPA33 by using a biological genetic engineering technology, the antibodies have obvious initial affinity, can block specific cells from releasing cytokines, have good binding activity through prokaryotic expression, and have better druggability.
The present invention provides an anti-glycation agent capable of eliminating 92% of one kind of free radical sources. Disclosed in the present invention are a composition of the anti-glycation agent and a preparation method of the anti-glycation agent. In particular, the composition includes 5% of stachyose, 30% of glue, 10% of Houttuynia cordata, 2% of aronia, 8% of wheat germ, 15% of yeast β-glucan, and 30% of collagen. In particular, the anti-glycation agent of the present invention is a product prepared through a series of preparation processes including: combining the above components in predetermined ratios, extracting juice from the same, mixing the extracted juice under stirring, heating the same under stirring, and degassing and packaging the same. The anti-glycation agent of the present invention, which is capable of removing 92% of sources of free radicals, is a product using ingredients including 5% of stachyose, 30% of glue, 10% of Houttuynia cordata, 2% of aronia, 8% of wheat germ, 15% of yeast β-glucan, and 30% of collagen. The present invention is capable of removing 92% of free radical sources; is capable of anti-glycation actions, preventing skin aging and improving restoration of cell activities; is advantageous in preventing lesions in tissues inside a human body; and provides physical health benefits.
Patients with T2DM well-controlled on an intensified insulin regimen for the previous 6 months by the will have their insulin aspart discontinued and replaced for exenatide twice daily while continuing the bedtime detemir insulin. Safety and efficacy parameters will be measured before and after 6 months of treatment.
Patients who are scheduled to undergo laparoscopic appendectomy after the ethics committee approval will be included consecutively. Patients will be randomized into 2 groups: those who will be closed with a polymer endoclip (Group 1) and those who will be closed with an intracorporeal node with a single instrument (Group 2). Data such as age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities, previous abdominal surgeries, medications used by the patients, as well as the presence of ileus, perforation, and diffuse peritonitis will be recorded. After laparoscopic dissection, the appendiceal stump will be closed with a polyper homologous clip in Group 1 and the stump will be closed with an intracorporial node with a single instrument in Group 2. The operation times of the patients, the time elapsed after the end of the dissection until the pathology specimen comes out of the skin (to be determined as the closure time), complications such as ileus, intra-abdominal abscess, bleeding and fistula related to stump closure problems encountered in the postoperative period will be recorded and compared. Patients will be followed by the corresponding author In both surgical methods, it is routinely used to close the appendiceal stump and in the polymer clip application, a clip with a locking mechanism is used when the stump is tightened with an applicator. In the intracorporial node with one hand, the surgical node is made by circulating the tip of the suture material around the appendix with a single instrument (the other end is kept fixed outside the abdomen)
Alternating follow-up visits by nurse and doctor. In the nurse-led consultations, the patients will be introduced to the smartphone LETSGOapp with access to information on cancer treatment and side effects, physical activity advice. Two-monthly assessment of 12 symptoms that may represent relapse through the app.The patients will fill in an electronic questionnaire package at baseline, 3, and 6 months after treatment.
BACKGROUND: Early life factors may predict cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the pathways are still unclear. There is emerging evidence of an association of early life factors with apolipoproteins, which are linked to CVD. The study objective was to assess the associations between birth variables and adult apolipoproteins (apoA1 and apoB, and their ratio) in a population-based cohort.
METHODS: The LifeGene Study is a prospective cohort comprising index participants randomly sampled from the general population. Blood samples were collected between 2009 and 2016. In this sub-study, we used birth variables, obtained from a national registry for all participants born 1973 or later, including birth weight and gestational age, while adult CVD risk factors included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), lipids, and smoking history. We employed univariate and multivariate general linear regression to explore associations between birth variables, lipid levels and other adult CVD risk factors. The outcomes included non-fasting apoA1 and apoB and their ratio, as well as total cholesterol and triglycerides. A total of 10,093 participants with both birth information and lipoprotein levels at screening were included. Of these, nearly 42.5% were men (n = 4292) and 57.5% were women (n = 5801).
RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation) age of men was 30.2 (5.7) years, and for women 28.9 (5.8) years. There was an increase of 0.022 g/L in apoA1 levels per 1 kg increase in birth weight (p = 0.005) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, gestational age, and smoking history. Similarly, there was a decrease of 0.023 g/L in apoB levels per 1 kg increase in birth weight (p<0.001) after adjusting for the same variables. There were inverse associations of birth weight with the apoB/apoA1 ratio. No independent association was found with total cholesterol, but with triglyceride levels (ẞ-coefficient (95% Confidence Interval); -0.067 (-0.114, -0.021); p-value 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS: Lower birth weight was associated with an adverse adult apolipoprotein pattern, i.e., a higher apoB/apoA1 ratio, indicating increased risk of future CVD manifestations. The study highlights the need of preconception care and pregnancy interventions that aim at improving maternal and child outcomes with long-term impacts for prevention of cardiovascular disease by influencing lipid levels.
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (CMA) is a cardiac disease characterized by non-ischemic ventricular scarring and electrical instability. The diagnosis of CMA still remains challenging today and requires the use of a set of criteria, since no single diagnostic test represents the gold standard. The first diagnostic criteria were defined and disseminated in 1994 and then revised in 2010, focusing mainly on right ventricular involvement. In 2019, an international panel of experts identified the limitations of the previous diagnostic criteria. The 2020 Padua criteria included a specific pathway for the diagnosis of left ventricular variants and emphasized the need for the use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the characterization of myocardial scarring. These criteria were further refined and published in 2023 as European Task Force (TF) criteria, thus gaining international recognition.Exploring the history of CMA and its diagnosis, in this review we analyze the changes and progress in the 20 years that have occurred from the first version of the criteria in 1994 to the latest in European TF of 2023, highlighting the evolution of our knowledge of the pathobiology and morpho-functional characteristics of the disease. One of the most relevant updates is undoubtedly the introduction of the concept of "scarring/arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy", a definition that enhances the main features of the pathology and emphasizes the multiplicity of phenotypes and clinical presentations independent of etiology.
The invention discloses a 'mytilin as well as a preparation method and an application thereof in preparation of medicines and feed additives', relating to bio-pharmaceutical technologies. The mytilin has an amino acid sequence shown by Seq ID No. 1. Verified by cell tests, the mytilin has a significant inhibition effect on hepatitis B virus, and verified by animal tests, the mytilin also has an effect of comprehensively improving the health conditions of animals. The invention also provides a scheme for preparing a polypeptide by using a gene engineering method, and by adopting the scheme, mytilin products with the level of more than gram grades can be prepared. Because the mytilin disclosed by the invention has the effects in the aspects of resisting virus, comprehensively improving the health conditions of the animals, and the like, the mytilin can be taken as a main component for preparing treatment medicines and health products which can be used for both human and animals, and can be applied to the treatment medicines, the health products and the feed additives.
JNJ-53718678 is an investigational respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) specific fusion inhibitor and is under development for the treatment of RSV infection, which results in an upper and/or lower respiratory tract illness. The primary hypothesis of this study is that JNJ-53718678 has antiviral activity against RSV (that is, results in a decrease in RSV nasal viral load from immediately prior to first dose of study drug until Day 5). This will be assessed by a positive dose-response relationship of JNJ-53718678 compared to placebo. Besides the RSV nasal viral load through day 5, other timepoints will also be evaluated as well as other nasal viral load related parameters. In addition, the evolution of signs and symptoms of RSV disease will be evaluated. Participants' safety will be monitored throughout the study by evaluating the occurrence and severity of adverse events and by laboratory and electrocardiogram measurements. Study participants will be identified when they are hospitalized or expected to be hospitalized within 24 hours after presentation to the hospital (Cohort 1) or present for medical care as outpatients (Cohort 2) with symptoms of an acute respiratory illness supporting a diagnosis of RSV infection. Eligible participants will be randomized 1:1:1 to receive either a low or a high dose of JNJ 53718678 or placebo and will be receiving study treatment for 7 days. They will be followed up for 3 weeks after the last dose. The total study duration for each participant will be approximately 29 days.
BACKGROUND Levator ani muscle injuries during vaginal childbirth can lead to pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is an effective conservative approach to alleviate these symptoms. This study aimed to compare outcomes with and without 3 months of PFMT in 34 women with levator ani muscle injury following vaginal delivery. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a quasi-experimental study, 34 postpartum women were divided into 2 groups: one received PFMT along with home-based materials and regular follow-ups, while the other served as the control. We measured basal tone and maximal levator ani muscle contraction using the Peritron perineometer and assessed changes after 3 months. RESULTS The basal tone and maximal contraction of the levator ani muscle significantly increased following a 3-month intervention period both in PFMT and control group (P=0.0001). The maximal contraction of the levator ani muscle after a 3-month intervention period was significantly higher in PFMT group compared with control group (36.59±1.45 vs 27.76±13.35, P=0.0001), respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between basal tone and maximal contraction (r=0.806, P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS A 3-month PFMT program effectively increased levator ani muscle strength in postpartum women compared to those who did not undergo PFMT.
Apply an approximately 1-mm thick layer of AMELUZ to skin lesion(s). Cover individual lesions or the entire AK-field with AMELUZ. Include approximately 5 mm of the surrounding skin. Do not exceed an application area of 60 cm2. Do not use more than 6 grams of AMELUZ (3 tubes) at one time.  
Retreat lesions that have not completely resolved after 3 months after the initial treatment.
Patients, who have been seen at BIDMC for vertebral fractures or hyperkyphosis, will be identified by review of medical records as described in B3C and B6 below. The patient group will consist of 32 adults ages 75 and older who have previously been diagnosed with a thoracic vertebral fracture at BIDMC.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily and efficiently process a job for preparing a medicine as prescribed in a dispensary.  <P>SOLUTION: A dispensary support system is provided with a POS system 11, a reception controller 12 and an IC card issuing machine 13, and an article is stuck with a barcode 40 presenting article information. When a prescription 30 is received from a patient 10, the medicine is prepared according to the prescription, the barcode 40 is read by a scanner 15a of a mobile input apparatus 15, and a quantity is inputted from a ten key 15b. In a POS register 14, an IC card 20 carried with the patient 10 is read, prescribed medicine information is read from the mobile input apparatus 15, and they are transferred to the receipt computer 12. In the receipt computer 12, based upon such information, the demand amount of the medicine is calculated and transferred to the POS register 14. In the POS register 14, the demand amount is displayed, settlement is performed, and the medicine is delivered to the patient 10 together with a receipt. Based upon barcode information and IC card information, a medicine history management/insurance demand processing job is performed wile being linked with money dispensing processing or the like.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Very preterm infants tolerating 80mL/kg/day of enteral feeding for \>24 hours are started to receive the new human milk fortifier. Study procedure is from the first day of full-strength fortification feeding to the 21th days of that.
In frail older adults (mean age 85 years old), a 3-month supplementation with a low dose (6 g/day) of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs; C8:0 and C10:0) given at a meal increased muscle mass and function, relative to supplementation with long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), but it decreased fat mass. The reduction in fat mass was partly due to increased postprandial energy expenditure by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, the extracellular signals to ameliorate sarcopenia are unclear. The following three potential extracellular signals to increase muscle mass and function after MCT supplementation are discussed: (1) Activating SNS-the hypothesis for this is based on evidence that a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist acutely (1-24 h) markedly upregulates isoforms of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) mRNAs, promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, and chronically (~1 month) induces muscle hypertrophy. (2) An increased concentration of plasma acyl-ghrelin stimulates growth hormone secretion. (3) A nitrogen-sparing effect of ketone bodies, which fuel skeletal muscle, may promote muscle protein synthesis and prevent muscle protein breakdown. This review will help guide clinical trials of using MCTs to treat primary (age-related) sarcopenia.