anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: Gallstone with acute cholecystitis is one of the most common diseases in the clinic. If the disease is serious, gallbladder gangrene, perforation, and sepsis may be caused. Gallbladder diseases rarely cause thoracic-related complications, especially pleural fistula, which is very rare in clinical practice.
PATIENT CONCERNS: A 52-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department for 1 month with recurrent right middle and upper abdominal pain.
DIAGNOSIS: Computed tomography diagnosis: cholecystitis and peri-inflammation, small abscess around the base of the gallbladder, local peritonitis, and bilateral pleural effusion.
INTERVENTIONS: After admission, conservative treatment was given. On the 4th day of admission, the symptoms worsened, and an emergency catheter drainage was performed on the right thoracic cavity to extract 900 mL of dark yellow effusion. After the operation, a large amount of bili-like fluid was continuously drained from the thoracic drainage tube. After the iatrogenic biliary fistula caused by thoracic puncture was excluded, cholecystopleural fistula was considered to be cholecystopleural fistula. On the 6th day of admission, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) + cholecystography + Oddi sphincterotomy + laminating biliary stent was performed in the emergency department, and cholecystopleural fistula was confirmed during the operation.
OUTCOMES: The patient recovered well after surgery, computed tomography examination on the 20th day after surgery indicated that pleural effusion was significantly reduced, and the patient was cured and discharged. The patient returned to the hospital 8 months after the ERCP operation to pull out the bile duct-covered stent. The patient did not complain of any discomfort after the postoperative follow-up for 3 years, and no recurrence of stones, empyema, and other conditions was found.
CONCLUSION: Cholecystopleural fistula is one of the serious complications of acute cholecystitis, which is easy to misdiagnose clinically. If the gallbladder inflammation is severe, accompanied by pleural effusion, the pleural effusion is bili-like liquid, or the content of bilirubin is abnormally elevated, the existence of the disease should be considered. Once the diagnosis is clear, active surgical intervention is needed to reduce the occurrence of complications. Endoscopic therapy (ERCP) can be used as both a diagnostic method and an important minimally invasive treatment.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new ionic organic compound and a method for producing the same by a simple process, and to provide a hydrogel-forming agent composed of the resulting ionic organic compound and a hydrogel prepared by using the hydrogel-forming agent and water or an aqueous acidic solution as a medium.  <P>SOLUTION: The ionic organic compound is represented by general formula (1). Such a compound can be prepared by the condensation reaction of a compound having a plurality of functional groups containing quaternizable nitrogen atoms with a compound having a plurality of reactive methylene groups. The resulting ionic organic compound can gelate an aqueous neutral and acidic solutions as a hydrogel-forming agent. In the general formula (1), A represents an amide group or a urea group, and the two As are located at ortho, meta, or para positions of a benzene ring to each other; B represents a 3-12C bivalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent; X represents a halogen ion; and n represents an integer of 2-30.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the cartoon and musical-moving toy watched in the invasive procedure application on the pain and fear level of children.

Material and Method: The research was carried out as a randomized controlled experiment in Atatürk University Health Research and Application Center Pediatric Emergency Service between March 2021 and February 2022. There is one intervention room in the Pediatric Emergency Service. There are blood collection stretcher, vascular access-bleeding materials (intraket, cotton, 70% alcohol, tourniquet, plaster, injector, blood tubes, etc.) in this room.The population of the study consisted of children between the ages of 3 and 6 who came for treatment at the specified hospital. In order to ensure randomization, the children who met the criteria were included in the control group in the first week, the children in the second week were included in the cartoon group, and the children in the third week were included in the musical-moving toy group, and this cycle was continued until the end of the study and randomization was achieved.The sample of the research; 40 cartoons, 40 musical-moving toys, 40 control group, totally 120 children who applied to the pediatric emergency service between June 2021 and January 2022 and met the research criteria and volunteered to participate in the research. Children from 2 experimental and 2 control groups who did not want to participate in the study were excluded from the study. Prior power analysis was performed to determine the adequacy of the sample size of the study. In the power analysis, it was determined that the study was at the significance level of 0.05, at the 95% confidence interval, and the effect size was 0.551 and the power was 0.99. Data collection tools were collected through face-to-face interviews with "Survey Form", "Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBS)" and "Child Fear Scale (CFS)". In the research, "cartoon" and "musical-moving toy" were used as intervention tools. Two different cartoons were used in the research, and these were the children's favorites, 'Red Fish' and 'Niloya'. Pepee is a toy suitable for the developmental characteristics of children aged three and over. The data were analyzed with the SPSS for Windows 22 package program. Ethical principles were followed in the research. The research sample is limited to pediatric patients who applied to Atatürk University Health Research and Application Center Pediatric Emergency Service between June and December 2021 and participated in the study voluntarily. Research results can be generalized to this group.
PURPOSE: To speed up a reading operation by connecting only one of bit lines to an electric current source when respective memory cells are accessed and deciding which bit line is connected with the state of memory cell. CONSTITUTION: A static RAM cell 10 is provided with two pass transistors 30 and 31, which are connected to a first pair of complementary bit lines 72 and 73, and gates are connected to a word line 70. Also, the gates are connected to a latch 39 expressed with two cross combined inverters 32 and 33. And which bit line is connected to the electric current source is decided with the state of memory cell. Also, faster reading operation of memory cell by a second pair of bit lines 74 and 75 is allowed with four additional transistors 34-37. By this way, that type of memory cell is read at a extremely high speed and moreover with a relatively low electric power.
A vaccine to interrupt malaria transmission would be a valuable tool for local elimination or eradication of this disease. Pfs25, a surface antigen of ookinetes in the mosquito stage of P. falciparum, is a lead candidate for a malaria transmission blocking vaccine. Recombinant Pfs25 has been conjugated to Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoProtein A (EPA), and adjuvanted with Alhydrogel . This dose escalating, double-blind, randomized controlled trial will determine safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine in malaria exposed adults. One hundred twenty (120) subjects will be enrolled and randomized to receive the low dose (16 g of conjugated Pfs25, n=10), the high dose (47 g of conjugated Pfs25, n=50), or the comparator vaccine (Euvax B for first 3 vaccinations, then Menactra vaccine for the fourth vaccination, n=10 for 2 vaccinations, n=50 for 4 vaccinations). Enrollment within the high dose group will be staggered for additional safety. The low dose and the matching comparator cohort (Group 1) will receive 2 vaccine doses given at 0 and 2 months. For the rest of the subjects, 3 doses will be given at a 0, 2, 4 month dosing intervals, and a fourth (booster) dose will be given 12 months following the third dose at the start of the subsequent transmission season. Subjects will be followed for 12 months following the last vaccination. Safety outcomes will be local and systemic adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Immunogenicity outcomes will be antibody responses as measured by ELISA against recombinant Pfs25 and EPA, and B cell responses. Functional activity of the induced antibody will be assessed by direct transmission blocking assays (direct skin feeds, direct membrane feeding assays) conducted at the Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC) in Mali and in a standard membrane feeding assay conducted at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in the United States.
BACKGROUND: Postoperative ileus (POI) is a complication that may occur after abdominal or nonabdominal surgery. Intravenous dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been reported to accelerate postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery; however, updated evidence is required to confirm its robustness.
METHODS: To identify randomized controlled trials examining the effects of perioperative intravenous Dex on gastrointestinal function recovery in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were searched on August 2023. The primary outcome was time to first flatus. Secondary outcomes included time to oral intake and defecation as well as postoperative pain scores, postoperative nausea/vomiting (PONV), risk of hemodynamic instability, and length of hospital stay (LOS). To confirm its robustness, subgroup analyses and trial sequential analysis were performed.
RESULTS: The meta-analysis of 22 randomized controlled trials with 2566 patients showed that Dex significantly reduced the time to flatus [mean difference (MD):-7.19 h, P <0.00001), time to oral intake (MD: -6.44 h, P =0.001), time to defecation (MD:-13.84 h, P =0.008), LOS (MD:-1.08 days, P <0.0001), and PONV risk (risk ratio: 0.61, P <0.00001) without differences in hemodynamic stability and pain severity compared with the control group. Trial sequential analysis supported sufficient evidence favoring Dex for accelerating bowel function. Subgroup analyses confirmed the positive impact of Dex on the time to flatus across different surgical categories and sexes. However, this benefit has not been observed in studies conducted in regions outside China.
CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative intravenous Dex may enhance postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery and reduce LOS, thereby validating its use in patients for whom postoperative ileus is a significant concern.
The present invention provides an herbal medicine for treating alopecia, containing 20 to 30 wt% of gastrodia, 5 to 8 wt% of black ox gall, 2 to 4 wt% of Rhododendron molle, 4 to 8 wt% of Impatiens balsamina, 4 to 6 wt% of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., 4 to 8 wt% of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, and 3 to 9 wt% of Rehmannia glutinosa var. purpurea. In addition, the present invention provides a preparation method of the herbal medicine for treating alopecia, comprising: a raw ingredient preparation step of preparing 20 to 30 g of gastrodia, 5 to 8 g of black ox gall, 2 to 4 g of Rhododendron molle, 4 to 8 g of Impatiens balsamina, 4 to 6 g of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., 4 to 8 g of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, and 3 to 9 g of Rehmannia glutinosa var. purpurea as raw ingredients; a grinding step of obtaining hair regeneration herb (medicinal paste) by grinding black ox gall, Rhododendron molle, Impatiens balsamina, Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., and Rehmannia glutinosa var. purpurea into powder, uniformly mixing the grinded powder, smashing gastrodia and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, stirring the same to be made into paste, and uniformly mixing the powdered raw ingredients after grinding with the paste; and an exudation step of obtaining an herbal medicine by inserting the hair regeneration herb into a container with a lid, adding 200 g of water, storing the same for two to four hours under an airtight condition, additionally adding 300 g of water after the hair regeneration herb is expanded, covering the container with the lid, storing the same for 36 hours under an airtight condition, and collecting a solution. The present invention is specifically effective in treating alopecia.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide.(1) The prevalence of NAFLD is estimated to be about 20%-30% in the Western world (2) and increasing in Asia. The prevalence of NAFLD across Asia varies from 5% to 40%.(3,4) The population prevalence of NAFLD in Hong Kong Chinese was 27.3%.(1) NAFLD may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer, and is believed to be the leading etiology for cryptogenic cirrhosis.(5,6) NAFLD is also strongly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome and is shown to be an independent cardiovascular risk factor.(7,8) Recently, a consensus by an international panel of experts recommended a change in name for NAFLD to metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease (MAFLD).(9) Patients who fulfil the MAFLD criteria have more severe metabolic and liver disease than those who fulfil the NAFLD criteria alone. At present, there is no standard pharmacologic therapy available for NAFLD or MAFLD currently.

Recently, it has been reported that NAFLD might be linked to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), which induces liver injury by gut-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and TNF- α production. (10) Probiotics have several anti-inflammatory effects that can contribute to their clinical benefits in NAFLD.(11) Gut microbiota also plays a role in the development of insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, necroinflammation and fibrosis. (12) The use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics has been considered a potential and promising strategy to regulate the gut microbiota.(13,14) In the meantime, Vitamin E has been recommended for use in NAFLD treatmentand prevents liver injury. Moreover, many clinical trials and meta-analyses have evaluated the efficacy of omega 3 (C20-22 ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)) in reducing existing NAFLD in adults and children, and the results indicate that omega 3 is safe and effective at lowering liver fat in NAFLD patients. (15,16)

In this study, investigators aim to investigate if the SLP07, which is an investigational product that contains a blend of naturally occurring food-grade Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains, omega-3 and vitamin E, is efficacious in liver function improvement in subjects with MAFLD.
INTRODUCTION: Genetic diversity in the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene composition and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands, such as HLA-C, can affect the activity of natural killer cells and determine anti-cancer immunity. Specific KIR-HLA combinations can enhance cancer predisposition by promoting immune evasion. Studying the relationship between KIR-HLA polymorphisms and thyroid cancer (TC) risk can offer insights into how natural immunity fails, leading to disease development. Therefore, we investigated the association between KIR and HLA-C genotypes and TC risk in Saudi women.
METHODS: In this retrospective study, sixteen KIR genotypes and 2 HLA-C allotypes were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method, and the genotypes of 50 Saudi female patients with TC were compared with those of 50 Saudi female healthy controls (HC).
RESULTS: We observed a highly significant decrease in the presence of the KIR2DS2 and KIR2DS4 genes (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.05-0.41, P = 0.0001; OR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.02-0.2, P = 0.000, respectively) and in the presence of the KIR2DL5A gene (OR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.02-0.14, P = 0.0000) in the TC group compared to the HC group. The frequency of the HLA-C2C2 allotype was significantly higher in HC compared to patients with TC (P = 0.02). The KIR haplotype group A and AB genotypes revealed a protective effect against TC (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.000, respectively), while the BB genotype showed a risk effect on TC compared to HC. Our results showed significant differences in the KIR gene combinations and KIR-HLA combinations between Saudi female TC patients and HC.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the expression of KIR genes and their HLA-C ligands may influence the risk of TC development in Saudi women.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a clinically effective anti-Helicobacter pylori agent by including a benzohydroxamic acid derivative as an active ingredient therein. SOLUTION: This anti-Helicobacter pylori agent contains a benzohydroxamic acid derivative represented by formula I [A-ring is a (substituted)phenyl; R<1> is H, an alkenyl or the like] (e.g. a compound represented by formula II) or its pharmaceutically aceptable salt (a sodium salt, a methylamine salt or the like) as an active ingredient. The daily dose of the benzohydroxamic acid derivative for an adult is usually preferably 1-1,000 mg administered in one to several divided portions. The banzohydroxamic acid derivative is effective in prophylaxis and therapy of, e.g. acute or chronic gastritis, acute or chronic gastric ulcer, gastric cancer or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma.
Purpose: To evaluate the utilization of novel Avatera system in urological operations according to the IDEAL-D framework recommendations for high-risk invasive surgical devices. Materials and Methods: Three surgeons attempted to perform 23 upper and lower urinary tract operations on human cadavers and in live porcine models using the Avatera system. Total operative time and the duration of the substeps were evaluated. Surgical performance was assessed with the Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) score. Suturing was rated using the technical checklist for the assessment of suturing in robotic surgery. Attending surgeons rated their satisfaction with the Avatera system on a scale of 1-5. Results and Limitation: Seventeen out of 18 operations performed on cadavers were completed, while one pyeloplasty was discontinued. All five operations performed in porcine models were completed. Although 1 pig was euthanized on the fifth postoperative day, its symptoms were unrelated to surgery. Mean GEARS and Suturing scores in the upper urinary tract were 29 ± 0.7 and 29.5 ± 0.95, respectively, and in the lower urinary 28.5 ± 1.2 and 29.5 ± 0.5, respectively. Surgeons' satisfaction was high or very high for all procedures. Conclusions: The Avatera system was associated with good surgical performance and high surgeons' satisfaction rates. All urological procedures performed were shown to be feasible, with comparable risks to other robot-assisted surgery systems.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled patients who had extended histories of receiving and tolerating BOTOX injections, with prior individualized adjustment of dose. The mean BOTOX dose administered to patients in this study was 236 Units (25th to 75th percentile range of 198 Units to 300 Units). The BOTOX dose was divided among the affected muscles [see Clinical Studies (14.7)]. 

Dosing in initial and sequential treatment sessions should be tailored to the individual patient based on the patient’s head and neck position, localization of pain, muscle hypertrophy, patient response, and adverse event history. The initial dose for a patient without prior use of BOTOX should be at a lower dose, with subsequent dosing adjusted based on individual response. Limiting the total dose injected into the sternocleidomastoid muscle to 100 Units or less may decrease the occurrence of dysphagia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.5, 5.6)].

The recommended dilution is 200 Units/2 mL, 200 Units/4 mL, 100 Units/1 mL, or 100 Units/2 mL with preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, depending on volume and number of injection sites desired to achieve treatment objectives (see Table 1). In general, no more than 50 Units per site should be administered using a sterile needle (e.g., 25-30 gauge) of an appropriate length. Localization of the involved muscles with electromyographic guidance may be useful.

Clinical improvement generally begins within the first two weeks after injection with maximum clinical benefit at approximately six weeks post-injection. In the double-blind, placebo-controlled study most subjects were observed to have returned to pre-treatment status by 3 months post-treatment.
PURPOSE:To provide a composition useful for the promotion of the remedy of wound and the prevention of muscular diseases, by using an egg rich in iodine as an active component. CONSTITUTION:The egg containing >=300mug of iodine is used as an active component. The iodine-rich egg can be obtained usually by adding more than a specific amount of an iodine compound such as calcium iodate, etc. or seaweed such as KOMBU, WAKAME, etc. to a feed, and feeding a hen with the feed to increase the iodine-content of the egg. The obtained egg can be used as it is, or by separating the egg yolk as the active component. The egg yolk has especially remarkable effect. The remedy of wound can be promoted and the muscular diseases can be prevented by administering usually 300-1,500mug of iodine contained in the egg to an adult.
Various methods and compositions of treating 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-like (HPDL)-related diseases or disorders are presented herein. Also presented herein are methods of increasing CoQ10 biosynthesis, and methods of determining whether a subject will benefit from a CoQ10 or CoQ10 alternative treatment. Also presented herein are pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms comprising 4-hydroxymandelic acid (4-HMA), and/or its metabolites. Further presented herein are compounds that inhibit 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-like (HPDL). Further presented herein are methods of identifying and/or assessing modulators of HPDL. Yet further presented herein are example methods and systems for isotopic labelling in cells by metabolizing cells in the presence of gaseous isotopic tracer.
Novelty: an ointment destined for the radical, rapid and anodyne treatment of osteoarthritis is disclosed. Preparation stages: 1) addition of 40 gr of dried comfrey root cut infusion to a mixture being consisted of pure bee wax ( 8 gr) and virgin olive oil (52 gr) and thermally treated/liquefied in bain-marie at 70 deg. Celcius; 2) addition of the dried comfrey root cut infusion (40 gr) to the pure bee wax –and- virgin olive oil mixture the temperature of which has been dropped from 70 degrees to 40 deg. Celcius; 3) stirring of the mixture with a hand-operated blender for 2 to 3 minutes; 4) pouring of the hot fluid mixture into a sterilized jar for later use, after cooling. Administration dose: application of 2 gr of the resulting ointment on the suffering region for a time interval ranging from 4 to 20 days (3 times a day). Properties: viscous ointment characterized by golden green colour and light smell.
A combination gel with Nestorone® (NES) and Testosterone (T) applied transdermally. The volume of gel to be applied will be approximately 5 mL. This gel volume will contain 62.5 mg of T that will deliver approximately 6 mg T to the body per day and will also contain 8.3 mg of NES that will deliver about 0.8 mg NES to the body per day (NES 8 mg/d + T 60 mg/d (NES8/T60) gel) in 5 ml of combined gel.
222,101. Chemische Fabrik vorm. Sandoz. Sept. 20, 1923, [Convention date]. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Act]. Medicines for internal use.-To get rid of the taste of high boiling point paraffins, they are mixed with flour of wheat, maize., or other cereals, and the mixture treated with damp heat, for example by steaming at 200-230‹ C. The paraffin may be made into an emulsion with water before mixing with the flour. Sugar may also be added.