anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: As the epidemiological and burden trends of glaucoma are changing, it is extremely necessary to re-investigate geographical differences and trends. Here we use data from the 2019 Global burden of Disease, which aims to report the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years of glaucoma injury to assess the latest epidemiological models and trends from 1990 to 2019.
METHOD: Annual case numbers, age-standardized rates of prevalence, DALYs, and their estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) for glaucoma between 1990 and 2019 were derived from the GBD 2019 study. The relationship between glaucoma disease burden and social demographic index (SDI) was also investigated in this study.
RESULTS: In 2019, there were 7.47 million prevalent cases and 0.75 million DALYs cases, which increased by 92.53% and 69.23% compared with 1990 respectively. The global age-standardized rate of prevalence (ASPR) and age-standardized rate of DALYs (ASDR) decreased during 1990-2019 (EAPC =  - 0.55 and - 1, respectively). In 2019, the highest ASPR and ASDR of Glaucoma were all observed in Mali, whereas the lowest occurred in Taiwan (Province of China). In terms of gender, males were more likely to suffer from glaucoma than females, especially the elderly.
CONCLUSIONS: The global prevalence and DALYs of glaucoma had an absolute increase during the past 30 years. The disease burden caused by glaucoma is closely related to socioeconomic level, age, gender, and other factors, and these findings provide a basis for policymakers from the perspective of social management.
Objectives: Inflammation contributes to disparate neurodevelopmental outcomes between preterm and term-born infants. In this context, DNA methylation may contribute to inflammation by affecting gene expression. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nuclear factor-kappa-B-inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA) are important genes for targeted DNA methylation analysis. The aims of this study were to (1) identify associations between inflammatory factors and BDNF and NFKBIA methylation, and (2) identify associations between BDNF and NFKBIA methylation and early neurobehavior in preterm infants. Methods: In a longitudinal cohort study of preterm infants born 28-31 weeks gestational age, blood samples were collected weekly for the quantification of inflammatory factors. We extracted DNA from saliva samples and quantified methylation of six BDNF cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites and five NFKBIA CpG sites. Neurobehavior was assessed using the Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant. Results: Sixty-five infants were included in the analysis. In females, inflammatory factors were positively associated with BDNF methylation of most CpG sites. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist was negatively associated with NFKBIA methylation at two CpG sites. In males, interleukin-6 was negatively associated with BDNF and NFKBIA methylation at most CpG sites. In females, BDNF methylation at two sites was inversely associated with motor performance. In males, NFKBIA methylation at one site was inversely associated with motor performance. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the relationship between inflammation and neurobehavior in preterm infants, working mechanistically through DNA methylation. The finding of a difference between males and females suggests that female infants are potentially more vulnerable to inflammation and warrants future study.
UBE2N, a Lys63 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, plays critical roles in embryogenesis and immune system development and function. However, its roles in adult epithelial tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis are unclear. We generated conditional mouse models that deleted Ube2n in skin cells in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. We found that Ube2n knockout in the adult skin keratinocytes induced a range of inflammatory skin defects characteristic of psoriatic and actinic keratosis. These included inflammation, epidermal and dermal thickening, parakeratosis, and increased immune cell infiltration as well as signs of edema and blistering. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses and RT-qPCR showed that Ube2n-knockout keratinocytes expressed elevated myeloid cell chemoattractants such as Cxcl1 and Cxcl2 and decreased the homeostatic T lymphocyte chemoattractant Ccl27a. Consistently, the infiltrating immune cells were predominantly myeloid-derived cells, including neutrophils and M1-like macrophages, which expressed high levels of inflammatory cytokines such as Il1β and Il24. Pharmacological blockade of the IL-1 receptor associated kinases (IRAK1/4) alleviated inflammation, epidermal and dermal thickening, and immune infiltration of the Ube2n-mutant skin. Together, these findings highlight a key role of keratinocyte UBE2N in maintenance of epidermal homeostasis and skin immunity and identify IRAK1/4 as potential therapeutic target for inflammatory skin disorders.
The present invention relates to the treatment of HCMV relates diseases. The inventors conducted a study to find an essential domain of pUL56 for its interaction with pUL89 which is important in the effect of the CMV. Sequences alignments allowed them to predict one sequence in C-terminal of pUL56 potentially necessary for interaction with pUL89. BAC mutagenesis and AlphaLISA technologies using purified proteins allowed to validate that the short sequence 671WMVVKYMGFF680 (SEQ ID NO: 1) in C-terminal of pUL56 is involved in interaction with pUL89. Knowing this important information, antibodies directed against this sequence or peptides derived from this sequence could be useful to invalidate the interaction of pUL56 to pUL89 and thus to treat HCMV related diseases. Thus, the present invention relates to an isolated anti-pUL56 antibody, binding to the SEQ ID NO:1 or a peptide comprising the amino acids sequence: WMVVKYMGFF (SEQ ID NO: 1) or a function-conservative variant thereof for use in the treatment of HCMV related diseases.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent complication of Type II diabetes (T2D). The coexistence of CKD with T2D is comparable to cardiovascular disease (CVD) when the estimated glomerular filtration rate declines below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Screening and early detection of people with high risk for CKD would be beneficial in managing CKD progress and the associated complications such as CV complications. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) have demonstrated beneficial effects in delaying CKD progression, but they carry the risk of hyperkalemia. Nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid antagonists (nsMRA), such as finerenone, exhibit considerable efficacy in their anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and renal protective effects with demonstrable reductions in CV complications. In addition, nsMRAs do not cause significant changes in serum potassium levels compared to traditional steroidal MRA. Ongoing research explores the capacity of the sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), combined with nsMRA, to produce synergistic renal protective effects and reduce the risk of hyperkalemia. Also, a dedicated renal outcomes study (FLOW study) involving a once-weekly injectable Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide, was halted early by the data monitoring committee due to having achieved the predefined efficacy endpoint and considerations related to renal disease. In CKD patients with T2D on nsMRA, hyperkalemia management requires a comprehensive approach involving lifestyle adjustments, dietary modifications, regular serum potassium level monitoring, and potassium binders, if necessary. Withholding or down-titration of nsMRAs with close monitoring of serum potassium levels may be required in patients with concerning potassium levels. In light of the current state of knowledge, this review article explores the perspectives and approaches that HCPs may consider when monitoring and managing hyperkalemia in CKD patients with T2D.
The current study aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of urolithin C (Uro C), a gut microbial metabolite of ellagitannins on D-galactose (D-gal)-induced brain damage during the aging process and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In our study, the protective effect of Uro C on D-gal-induced BV2 microglia cell-mediated neuroinflammation damage in primary cortical neurons in vitro was confirmed. The results in an aging model in vivo induced by D-gal demonstrated that Uro C prevented D-gal-induced memory impairment, long-term potentiation (LTP) damage, and synaptic dysfunction through behavioral, electrophysiological, and histological examinations. Additionally, amyloidogenesis was observed in the central nervous system. The findings indicated that Uro C exhibited a preventive effect on the D-gal-induced elevation of β-amyloid (1-42 specific) (Aβ1-42) accumulation, APP levels, ABCE1 levels, and the equilibrium of the cholinergic system in the aging mouse brain. Moreover, Uro C demonstrated downregulation of D-gal-induced glial overactivation through inhibition of the MAPK/NF-kB pathway. This resulted in the regulation of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-ɑ, in the mouse brain and BV2 microglial cells. Taken together, our results suggested that Uro C treatment could effectively mitigate the D-gal-induced memory impairment and amyloidogenesis, and the underlying mechanism might be tightly related to the improvement of neuroinflammation by suppressing the MAPK/NF-kB pathway, indicating Uro C might be an alternative and promising agent for the treatment of aging and age-associated brain diseases.
An oil-removing, protecting and nourishing and moistening skin-care agent made of raw materials by weight: coconut oil diethanol amide 1-2 g, poly(ethylene glycol distearate) 2-3 g, 1. 5-2 g of sodium fatty slcohol ether sulfate 1. 5-2 g, glycerol 3-4 g, nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol 3. 5-4 g, betaine 7-8 g, perfume compound 0. 05 g, antiseptic agent 0. 05 g, citric acid 0. 1-0. 2 g and food green 0. 02 g. The invention has strong skin-closing activity and fragrant smell, double-layer protection can be formed on hand part, the hand part flexibility can not be affected, the invention can effectively separate and decompose various oil stain, oil paint and bacteria or the like invasions on the skin surface and avoid the second damages for the skin and the body caused by cleaning the skin by using washing powder, coal oil and gasoline for. The invention using for longtime can nourish and moist the skin and prevent the skin chap especially in winter.
The invention discloses a dai medicine preparation for immunity enhancement and body building, which is prepared from the following herbal materials: radix codonopsis, angelica sinensis, radix astragali, pericarpium citri reticulatae, radix rehmanniae praeparata, sappanwood, appendicula terrestris, and Yananba. The preparation method of the preparation comprises the following steps: crushing the herbal materials; carrying out ethanol immersion on herbal material powder, and concentrating and drying filtrate so as to obtain extraction powder; and preparing the extraction powder into pills, powder, capsules or tablets according to an conventional method; or preparing the filtrate into an extractum, and then preparing the extractum into oral liquid; or preparing the filtrate into medicinal liquor. The preparation disclosed by the invention obviously improves and adjusts the human immunity, enhances the endocrine system, has anti-fatigue, antivirus and anti-aging effects, and invigorates health effectively. The preparation is mainly applicable to patients easily having a cold, having easily infected skin, usually having gastrointestinal anomaly, or often feeling tiredness and faintness. The preparation disclosed by the invention is good in curative effect and long in efficacy implementation period, and takes effect quickly. The preparation disclosed by the invention is prepared by using pure natural medicines, easy to use, safe and reliable, and has no toxic and side effect.
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is common and approximately 20 percent of all episodes of pneumonia result in hospitalization. It is the leading cause of community-acquired infection requiring ICU admission.1 Especially elderly patients may have a severe illness with a high morbidity and mortality rate. In pulmonary infections, the release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators from alveolar macrophages serves as a useful mechanism in the elimination of invading pathogens. However, this natural reaction can be potentially harmful when excessive release of circulating inflammatory cytokines causes damage to the patient, particularly the lung.

Interest in the role of corticosteroids in the pathophysiology of critical illness has existed since the early part of the 20th century. On ICU, early treatment with corticosteroids to attenuate systemic inflammation is widespread. At the same time, outside the ICU little evidence is available on the effect of treatment with corticosteroids in patients diagnosed with CAP. Hypothetically, early initiated administration of corticosteroids in the course of a CAP can lower systemic and pulmonary inflammation. This may lead to earlier resolution of pneumonia and a reduction of complications (sepsis, mortality).
After informed consent, 8862 subjects who meet all inclusion will be randomly assigned to receive colchicine (0.5 mg/day), colchicine (0.375 mg/day), or placebo (1:1:1 allocation ratio), with follow-up at months (1, 6, 12, 18, 24...) after randomization, and phone assessments at months (3, 9, 15, 21...). The occurrence of any endpoints or other adverse events will be assessed every 3 months. Subjects will also receive standard medical care for antiplatelets, control of dyslipidemia, hypertension, angina and diabetes as directed by national guidelines. All suspected cardiovascular endpoints will be adjudicated by the Clinical Event Committee (CEC, consisting of three experienced members blinded as to allocation of therapy). The Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB, consisting of five fully independent members) will review unblinded safety data as detailed in the DSMB charter. An interim analysis is planned after approximately 50% of primary endpoints have been positively adjudicated. The DSMB charter will pre-specify the methodology for the interim analysis and the rules for early termination of the study.
BACKGROUND: The use of the multistate Markov chain model is a valuable tool for studying child undernutrition. This allows us to examine the trends of children's transitions from one state to multiple states of undernutrition.
OBJECTIVES: In this study, our objective was to estimate the median duration for a child to first transition from one state of undernutrition to another as well as their first recurrence of undernutrition and also to analyze the typical duration of undernourishment. This involves understanding the central tendency of these transitions and durations in the context of longitudinal data.
METHODS: We used a longitudinal dataset from the Young Lives cohort study (YLCS), which included approximately 1997 Ethiopian children aged 1-15 years. These children were selected from five regions and followed through five survey rounds between 2002 and 2016. The surveys provide comprehensive health and nutrition data and are designed to assess childhood poverty. To analyze this dataset, we employed a Markov chain regression model. The dataset constitutes a cohort with repeated measurements, allowing us to track the transitions of individual children across different states of undernutrition over time.
RESULTS: The findings of our study indicate that 46% of children experienced concurrent underweight, stunting, and wasting (referred to as USW). The prevalence of underweight and stunted concurrent condition (US) was 18.7% at baseline, higher among males. The incidence density of undernutrition was calculated at 22.5% per year. On average, it took 3.02 months for a child in a wasting state to transition back to a normal state for the first time, followed by approximately 3.05 months for stunting and 3.89 months for underweight. It is noteworthy that the median duration of undernourishment among children in the US (underweight and stunted concurrently) state was 48.8 months, whereas those concurrently underweight and wasting experienced a median of 45.4 months in this state. Additionally, rural children (HR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.53-1.97), those with illiterate fathers (HR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.38-1.62) and mothers (HR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.02-3.29), and those in households lacking safe drinking water (HR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.26-2.14) or access to cooking fuel (HR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.75-2.17) exhibited a higher risk of undernutrition and a slower recovery rate.
CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that rural children, especially those with illiterate parents and households lacking safe drinking water but cooking fuels, face an increased risk of undernutrition and slower recovery.
Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in childhood. While generally safe, it often is associated with a difficult early recovery phase with poor oral intake, dehydration, difficult or painful swallowing, postoperative bleeding, infection and/or otalgia. Better pain management and the availability of more child friendly medications are within the top consumer priorities in perioperative medicine, highlighting the importance of alternative pain treatments. This review focuses on the potential role of honey in the postoperative setting, its effects, and mechanisms of action. While the application of honey post-tonsillectomy may offer analgesic and healing benefits, it may also reduce postoperative bleeding. A systematic search was carried out using the search terms honey, tonsillectomy. Filters were applied to human studies and English. No other search terms were used or age filters applied to yield a broader range of results. Seven pediatric, four adult, and two studies of mixed pediatric and adult patients with sample sizes ranging from 8 to 52 patients were included in this review. Effect sizes ranged from small to huge across the studies. While the application of honey post-tonsillectomy may offer analgesic and healing benefits, it may also reduce postoperative bleeding. However, while there are potential benefits based on the chemical composition of honey, the current literature is of variable quality and there is need for high quality clinical trials.
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common nerve entrapment neuropathy. Six placebo-controlled trials with 393 participants proved corticosteroid injection to be effective in symptom relief. However, all injections were palpation-guided. Therefore, the exact injection site was uncertain. Although three studies comparing palpation and ultrasound (US) guided CTS injection showed US superiority, the optimal injection site for the injectate delivery remains unclear. Some authors believe in thinning of the flexor tenosynovium as the mechanism of the median nerve decompression, and therefore recommend injection between the tendons, away from the nerve. Other authors stress the importance of hydrodissection and direct contact of the injectate with the nerve and suggest injection targeting the median nerve. According to our best knowledge, no study comparing different injection sites for a corticosteroid delivery in CTS has been published in English written literature. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal target site for the corticosteroid delivery in CTS injection.
Participants in cohort 1 (fasting) and cohort 2 (fed) will receive 1 milligram (mg) risperidone administered as Xian Risperdal (test) 1\*1 mg oral tablet (Treatment A) on Day 1 in Period 1 followed by 1 mg risperidone administered as Gurabo Risperdal (reference) 1\*1 mg oral tablet (Treatment B) on Day 1 in period 2. There will be a washout period of at least 10 days between treatments.
The goal of this proposal is to evaluate two novel non-invasive brain stimulation strategies to mitigate pain and the brain's response to pain in CLBP patients. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), can induce long term potentiation (LTP-like) and long term depression (LTD-like) effects on brain activity in a frequency dependent manner. The investigators have previously demonstrated that LTP-like TMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, a node in the Executive Control Network (ECN)) can decrease perceived pain and corresponding Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signal in the "Pain Network'. The Pain Network is an expansion of the Salience Network (SN; insula, dorsal anterior cingulate) which includes the thalamus and somatosensory cortex. The analgesic effects of DLPFC TMS can be blocked by naloxone - suggesting that the analgesic effects of LTP-like DLPFC TMS are opiate mediated. Additionally, DLPFC TMS delivered postoperatively leads to less patient administered morphine use (PCA-pump) in the hospital and less opiate use in the outpatient setting. These data all suggest that LTP-like DLPFC TMS is a promising candidate for treating pain.

An alternative strategy is to apply LTD-like stimulation to the medial prefrontal cortex (LTD-like mPFC rTMS. This strategy is based on the understanding of functional neural architecture, wherein the SN is modulated by two other core networks: the ECN and the default mode network (DMN). As stated above, it is possible to attenuate activity in the SN through LTP-like TMS to the DLPFC, a node in the ECN. It is also possible to attenuate the SN through LTD-like TMS to the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (a node in the DMN). The proposed study will be the first to employ a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled design to parametrically evaluate the longitudinal effects of 16 days of rTMS to the DLPFC (Aim 1) or the MPFC (Aim 2) on self-reported pain and the brain's response to pain. This will be done in a cohort of patients recruited from the community as well as Medical University of South Carolina clinics with chronic lower back pain that may or may not be using prescription opiates for 3 or more months without adequate pain relief. Participants will be randomized to receive rTMS to the DLPFC (10Hz), MPFC (cTBS), or sham (50% at each site), using a Latin square randomization. Resting state connectivity will be collected along with data from a standardized thermal pain paradigm wherein individuals are exposed to pain and instructed to try to "control' the pain. MRI data will be collected 3 times: before the 1st day of TMS, after the 12th day of TMS, and before the 16th day of TMS (the last day administered).
In this prospective multicenter observational study we aim to determine the prevalence of oropharyngeal and rectal Gram-negative bacilli colonization in 4 population of hospitalized subjects, and their susceptibility to chlorehexidine. We plan to recruit 300 subjects in surgical wards (100 in orthopedics, 100 in thoracic and vascular, 100 in abdominal surgery) and 100 in the ICU. Each participant will undego a oropharyngeal swab collection at day 0, day 5 and day 10 (or discharge), and a rectal swab at day 0 and day 10 or hospital discharge. The Gram-negative bacilli colonization will be identified, E. coli isolates will be studied in terms of phylogeny, antimicrobial and chlorhexidine susceptibility. The primary endpoint is to determine the prevalence of oropharyngeal and rectal Gram-negative bacilli colonization. The secondary endpoints are to determine the incidence of the acquisition of such colonization in a 10 days timeframe; to determine the phylogentic characteristics of E. coli isolates; to compare the phylogentic characteristics of oropharyngeal and rectal E. coli isolates; to compare the phylogentic characteristics of colonization and potential E. coli infection isolates; to compare the rectal and oropharyngeal colonization composition; description of oropharyngeal microbiote.