anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The investigators plan to recruit 40 individuals diagnosed with Schizophrenia. Participants will range from 18-55 years old. We will select stable, medicated patients who have not been hospitalized nor had any changes in their antipsychotic medications during the previous two months. Participants will not be tested within 12 hours of taking medications that may affect cognition (such as benzodiazepines and anticholinergics). All medications will be recorded. The investigators expect most of the patients to be relatively chronic (mean illness chronicity approximately 15 years, based on previous studies), although we will not select for chronicity.

All participants will provide written informed consent after receiving a full explanation of the procedures according to approvals by the Institutional Review Boards. They will arrive for three visits. In the first visit, they will be consented, complete the diagnostic interview, the rating scales, and will undergo one of three randomly assigned stimulation conditions: 1) anodal tDCS, 2) cathodaltDCS, and 3) sham stimulation. They will also undergo an electroencephalography (EEG) procedure, in order to more directly assess the effect of tDCS on brain function. This visit will take approximately five hours to complete, and breaks will be given as needed. Immediately following stimulation, participants will complete neurocognitive, social cognitive, and EEG measures. There will be two 20-minute stimulation sessions, with a break of one hour between the sessions. After each session, participants will be asked to complete a portion of the basic cognitive, social cognitive, and EEG measures, so that half of the measures will be completed after the first 20 minute stimulation session and the other half will be completed after the second 20 minute stimulation session. The order of administration of the neurocognitive, social cognitive, and EEG measures will be randomized across participants within each group. During the second and third visits, participants will undergo the remaining two stimulation conditions, one randomly assigned condition each visit. These visits will take approximately four hours to complete, and each visit will be separated by at least one week from the previous visit.
Deleterious accumulation of R-loops, a DNA-RNA hybrid structure, contributes to genome instability. They are associated with BRCA1 mutation-related breast cancer, an estrogen receptor α negative (ERα-) tumor type originating from luminal progenitor cells. However, a presumed causality of R-loops in tumorigenesis has not been established in vivo. Here, we overexpress mouse Rnaseh1 (Rh1-OE) in vivo to remove accumulated R-loops in Brca1-deficient mouse mammary epithelium (BKO). R-loop removal exacerbates DNA replication stress in proliferating BKO mammary epithelial cells, with little effect on homology-directed repair of double-strand breaks following ionizing radiation. Compared to their BKO counterparts, BKO-Rh1-OE mammary glands contain fewer luminal progenitor cells but more mature luminal cells. Despite a similar incidence of spontaneous mammary tumors in BKO and BKO-Rh1-OE mice, a significant percentage of BKO-Rh1-OE tumors express ERα and progesterone receptor. Our results suggest that rather than directly elevating the overall tumor incidence, R-loops influence the mammary tumor subtype by shaping the cell of origin for Brca1 tumors.
Participants with normal renal function defined as having a creatinine clearance test value of ≥80 mL/min/1.73 m\^2. Participants receive a single subcutaneous dose of PegIFN-2b, 4.5 μg/kg.
RATIONALE: Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a vital hallmark in progression of depression, while calcitriol exerts anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. The activation of the P2X7 receptor has an important link to neuroinflammation. However, it is unclear whether calcitriol treatment exerts anti-inflammatory effects in association with P2X7R activation.
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we assessed the antidepressive and neuroprotective effects of calcitriol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated depressive-like behavior, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damage.
METHODS: In in vitro experiments, the BV2 cells were exposed to LPS, and the protective effects of calcitriol were assessed. For in vivo experiment, thirty-two male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups of control, calcitriol, LPS and LPS + calcitriol. Calcitriol was administered at 1 µg/kg for 14 days and LPS at 1 mg/kg once every other day for 14 days. The control group mice were given equal volumes of vehicles. All treatments were delivered intraperitoneally.
RESULTS: The in vitro experiments showed calcitriol inhibited the release of inflammatory mediators induced by LPS in BV2 cells. The in vivo experiments revealed that calcitriol alleviated LPS-induced behavioral abnormalities and spatial learning impairments. Moreover, calcitriol treatment reduced the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in the hippocampus. Our results further revealed that calcitriol administration attenuated LPS-induced microglia activation by suppressing P2X7R/NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling. Moreover, calcitriol inhibited apoptosis of neurons in the hippocampus as evidenced by expression of apoptosis-related proteins and TUNEL assay.
CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our findings demonstrated that calcitriol exerts antidepressive and neuroprotective effects through the suppression of the P2X7R/NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway both in LPS-induced inflammation models in vitro and in vivo.
The whole study duration will be 24 weeks, including a 12-week intervention and a 12-week follow-up. All programs will include 120 minutes/per session, 2 sessions/per week. Each week the research team will help the participant wear a wireless, head-mounted eye-tracker (46g) for recording the first 20-minute of both driving and natural play sessions in a 2-hour training session. The 2-hour training session is composed of a 70-minute driving session and a 40-to-50-minute natural play session, with a 10-mintue break if necessary according to the previous ROC-related studies. The natural play session can be divided into two 20-to-25-minute sessions depending on the participant's condition. The head-mounted cameras worn by the participants and caregivers will record the visual and manual behaviors for 40 minutes/per week during intervention. All programs will be discussed by the family, the treating therapist and the research team.
INTRODUCTION: Melasma is a chronic hyperpigmentation disorder, and its treatment poses a challenge to dermatologists due to its chronicity and resistance to conventional therapies. Oral isoniazid is used for the treatment of tuberculosis. One of us had previously showed that topical isoniazid exerts a strong depigmenting action in animal models. In this clinical trial, we assessed the therapeutic effect of topical isoniazid on melasma.
METHODS: Twenty female patients suffering from epidermal melasma were enrolled and divided equally into two groups. The treatment group received topical isoniazid 10%, and the control group received the cold cream vehicle as the placebo. All participants were advised to avoid sunlight and used SPF 50 sunscreen. Patients applied topical agents once daily at night for 3 months. The melanin and erythema indices were measured by colorimetric evaluations at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. At these time points, the (mMASI) score was also determined, as was the subjective evaluation through Melasma Quality of Life Scale (MELASQOL) scores. Blood tests were performed to evaluate CBC and the liver enzymes.
RESULTS: All patients completed the 12-week study. In the treatment group, a significant decrease in melanin index from 63.77 ± 6.27 at baseline to 55.92 ± 5.79 was recorded (p = 0.001). Very minimal clinical changes were also seen in the control group and melanin index was decreased from 62.65 ± 2.23 to 61.25 ± 2.34 (p = 0.004). Clinically significant differences were observed in the rate of changes between both groups. These findings indicate that topical isoniazid has significant depigmenting effects compared to the placebo (p = 0.001). The erythema index remained unchanged in both groups. In the treatment group, the mMASI score was 5.63 ± 3.28 at baseline and 2.13 ± 1.71 at the last follow-up, significantly reduced compared to the control group (p = 0.002). The MELASQOL score indicated a significant improvement in the quality of life in the treatment group.
CONCLUSION: This clinical trial shows for the first time that topical isoniazid is effective in treating melasma. Further clinical trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy and tolerability of topical isoniazid in comparison with other skin-depigmenting compounds.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is generally recognized as a slow-growing tumor. However, a small subset of patients may still experience relapse or metastasis shortly after therapy, leading to a poor prognosis and raising concerns about excessive medical treatment. One major challenge lies in the inadequacy of effective biomarkers for accurate risk stratification. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are closely related to malignant characteristics and poor prognosis, play a significant role in the genesis and development of PTC through various pathways. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the biological functions of lncRNAs in PTC, identify prognosis-relevant lncRNAs, and explore their potential mechanisms in drug resistance to BRAF kinase inhibitors, tumor dedifferentiation, and lymph node metastasis. By doing so, this review aims to offer valuable references for both basic research and the prediction of PTC prognosis.
Apply Urea 40% to affected skin twice per day, or as directed by your physician. Rub in until completely absorbed.

Apply to diseased or damaged nail(s) twice per day, or as directed by a physician.

All prescription substitutions and/or recommendations using this product shall be made subject to state and federal statutes as applicable. Please note: this is not an Orange Book product and has not been subjected to FDA therapeutic equivalency or other equivalency testing. No representation is made as to generic status or bioequivalency.Each person recommending a prescription substitution using this product shall make such recommendations based on each person's professional opinion and knowledge, upon evaluation of the active ingredients, excipients, inactive ingredients and chemical information provided herein.
The investigator's previous study (Liu \& Au-Yeung, 2017; PMID: 28383292) has demonstrated that 1-hour peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) applied to the radial and ulnar nerves of the paretic UL of people with chronic stroke can increase transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked excitability of corticomotor pathways in both hemispheres projected to the contralateral first dorsal interosseous (FDI) hand muscle, and also improve dexterity in the paretic hand. This bi-hemispheric effect of PNS suggests that certain additional therapies such as action observation (AO) and motor training should be incorporated to strengthen the plastic corticomotor adaptation specifically for paretic UL control. The hypothesis of this study is that PNS paired with AO would augment task training of the paretic hand by increasing the corticomotor excitability in the lesioned hemisphere for the trained hand muscle in people with stroke, with associated dexterity function improvement. Twenty subjects were recruited by convenience in the community. They then attended an assessment session to evaluate the baseline sensorimotor status of their paretic upper limb. After the clinical tests，the subjects were introduced the assessment procedure for measuring corticomotor excitability with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). After 1-week intermission, the subjects returned for 3 intervention sessions with different protocols including (1)PNS+AO+Training; (2)PNS+AOsham+Training; and (3)PNSsham+AOsham+Training. These 3 intervention sessions were arranged in random sequence for subjects. For "PNS+AO+Training" session, electrical stimulation was applied to the radial and ulnar nerve (PNS) of the paretic arm for 60 minutes. During the last 30 minutes of PNS, action observation (AO) was introduced in which subjects were required to watch a series of video clips. After one hour's PNS+AO, the subjects then proceeded to a 30-minute period of motor training of paretic hand. During "PNS+AOsham+Training" session, PNS was given as described before. During the last 30 minutes of the PNS, subjects were shown different photos illustrating a letter, a number or a hand as AOsham. The protocol of motor training was the same as described before. In the session of "PNSsham+AOsham+Training", The 1-hour PNSsham was conducted with the electrical stimulation unit turned on but without current output. The protocols for AOsham and motor training were the same as those described before.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has enhanced the life expectancy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients, making HIV a manageable chronic disease for many patients. Patients with HIV are prone to lipid abnormalities secondary to HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy, particularly HIV protease inhibitors (PI). PI containing regimens that contain boosting doses of ritonavir (RTV) (i.e., 100 200 mg once or twice daily) often cause significant increases in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Therapy for isolated hypertriglyceridemia includes fibric acid derivatives, such as gemfibrozil (GFZ) or fenofibrate; however, despite treatment with these agents, triglyceride levels often remain elevated in HIV infected patients treated with HAART. Many factors likely contribute to the incomplete effectiveness of fibrates in these patients. One possible contributing factor may be a clinically significant interaction between HAART and fibrates. We recently reported a mean 41 percent decrease in GFZ area under the curve when administered with the PI combination lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). To determine whether a similar interaction exists with fenofibrate, this study will characterize the impact of RTV and LPV/r on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of fenofibrate (Tricor formulation), after a single 145 mg oral dose, administered to healthy volunteers. In a single sequence study design, 13 subjects will receive a single 145 mg dose of fenofibrate on three occasions: before and after 14 days of RTV 100 mg twice daily, and after 14 days of LPV/r 400/100 mg twice daily. With the exclusion of the screening period, the total duration of the study will be 48 days. Fenofibric acid (FFA) PK will be determined for all 3 sampling periods and compared. Results from this study will inform us about a potentially clinically relevant drug drug interaction between fenofibrate and RTV boosted PI combinations. This information may therefore assist clinicians in choosing triglyceride lowering therapy for their HIV infected patients.
PURPOSE: A cosmetic composition containing Ficus erecta Thunb. extract is provided to suppress collagenase activation and hyrosinase and ensure skin whitening effect. CONSTITUTION: A cosmetic composition having antiaging or skin whitening activity contains Ficus erecta Thunb. extract as an active ingredient. The Ficus erecta Thunb. extract is isolated using water, organic solvent or their mixture solvent. The organic solvent is alcohol of 1-4 carbon atoms, proppyleneglycol, butyleneglycol or glycerin. The extract is obtained by heating the Ficus erecta Thunb. at 40-95°C for four to twenty hours and placing at 5-40°C for 1-15 days. The composition is used in the form of skin, skin lotion, skin softener, astringent, lotion, nutrition massage, moisture massage, and hand cream essence.
Diarrhea remains a leading killer of children in need of better treatments. Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is currently the only oral therapy that is recommended for children with acute diarrhea. Although it is valuable for correcting dehydration and is considered the primary reason for the substantial reduction in mortality from diarrhea in children, ORS does not have the capacity to "halt" intestinal fluid loss and thus, does not offer a rapid relief of a child's diarrhea symptom, and its use by caregivers and medical practitioners has markedly dropped (estimate use in 1/3 of cases who need it). In recognition of its limitations, continuous efforts have been made to modify the composition of ORS. However, none has targeted the central diarrhea-causing pathways and produced a satisfactory outcome in children. New therapeutic approaches and methods are needed. The proposed new ORS is based on recent discovery of the first inclusive antidiarrheal mechanism in the intestine, CaSR (calcium-sensing receptor) that targets all known diarrhea causing pathways. It works in animals. This R21 is the 1st proof-of-concept clinical study in humans and is intended to investigate its safety and efficacy. Two Specific Aims are proposed to determine new ORS safety and efficacy in patients with diarrhea. In the safety study, the investigators propose to enroll 396 diarrheal adults (198 in Intervention New ORS group and 198 in standard WHO ORS). In the efficacy study, the investigators plan to enroll 396 diarrheal adults (198 in Intervention New ORS group and 198 in standard WHO ORS, these will be same patients employed for the safety study). These diarrheal patients will be recruited from the Dhaka area in Bangladesh. At the conclusion of the study, we expect to develop a novel oral rehydrating solution that is inexpensive and practical to use in all the countries. Hypothesis: the volume output Intervention should reduce stool weight/output of diarrhea by 30%.
PURPOSE:To sterilize microorganisms of eucaryotic cell, by associating hydrogen constituting protoplasm of microorganism of eucaryotic cell with ultrafine powder obtained by grinding flower of sulfur or with very fine particles in atomic state obtained by dissolving the ultrafine powder in CS2 to form sulfane bond. CONSTITUTION:Hydrogen constituting protoplasm of microorganism of eucaryotic cell [e.g. Eumycetes such as yeast, protozoan or lower algae) is associated with sulfur atom to form sulfane bond so physiological activity performed by microbial cell is hindered to sterilize the microorganisms of eucaryotic cell. The sulfur atom is obtained by hydrolyzing sulfur monochloride, completely purging hydrogen chloride gas to give a muddy material and drying the muddy material at low temperature into ultrafine powder. The powder is dispersed into a solvent or dispersion medium in a colloidal state and used. Or thiourea, sodium thiosulfate, L-lecithin, etc., is added to a solvent or a dispersion medium an used. The ratio of S in an agent is 15% saturated solubility.
The control group is comprised of hypertensive OSA participants \[either able bodied (Aim 1) or with spinal cord injury (Aim 2)\] that will be exposed to a sham protocol in addition to being treated with CPAP during sleep. The sham protocol will be administered during wakefulness for 15 days over a 3-week period. During the sham protocol the participants will be exposed to atmospheric levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide for the duration of the protocol.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide sheet-type cosmetics enabling efficient permeation of cosmetic material for skin care or the like by preventing evaporation of the cosmetic material caused by using it for hours.  <P>SOLUTION: A sheet-like film 2 having hydrophobicity is adhered and formed onto one face of a nonwoven fabric sheet 1 having water absorptivity by extrusion laminating, and the nonwoven sheet 1 is impregnated with the cosmetic material or the like for obtaining the sheet-type cosmetics as a base structure. Many pinholes 3 are formed in the sheet-like film 2. The nonwoven sheet 1 is formed of a sheet composed of chemical synthetic fiber or chemical synthetic fiber plus natural fiber or natural fiber. The sheet-like film 2 is formed of a polyethylene film or polypropylene film having thickness of 5 μm-40 μm. The resulting sheet is formed by die-cutting so as to obtain a face sheet 5, and hole parts for eyes, an incision part for nose, a hole part for mouth and incision parts for adhering to face are formed so as to provide the sheet-type cosmetics.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
Severe Acute Pancreatitis (SAP) Treatment Protocol After admission, patients were given intravenous analgetics, omeprazole and somatostatin, and nasojejunal tubes were placed for EN. Once fever developed, broad-spectrum antibiotics were given empirically. If the patient was concomitant with shock, respiratory failure, and acute kidney injury, appropriate organ support was provided. Patients with biliary pancreatitis was given encoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreato graphy (ERCP) within 24 h after admission. When the patient was diagnosed with hyperlipidemic pancreatitis and plasma triglyceride ≥11.3 mmol/L, plasma exchange was administered immediately. All patients were given contrast enhanced CT within 48 hours after admission to identify the location and range of the necrosis and calculate the CT severity index (CISI).

Procedure All PCD and endoscopic procedures were performed under conscious sedation or local anesthesia. If the patient's condition progressively worsened, a multifunctional irrigation-assisted vacuum drainage tube was placed by the CT-guided Seldinger technique in each of the necrosis cavity. The tube was administered with continuous internal irrigation and vacuum drainage as described in below: (1) the end of the drainage tube (the adapter) was connected to a vacuum device that delivers a controlled negative pressure within the range of 8-10 kPa. (2) a large volume of 0.9% normal saline was infused into the necrosis cavity constantly (1500mL a day, 65mL an hour) through the durg entrance, allowing for continuous irrigation; (3) the inside drainage tube was flush by rapid manual injection of 50-100 mL 0.9% normal saline twice a day through the drug entrance and inject 20-50 mL of 0.9% normal saline daily through water entrance to prevent the tube from becoming blocked by necrosis, debris or omentum; (4) total irrigation and drainage volume were checked every 8 hours to keep the irrigation-drainage balanced. All tubes were checked daily and replaced when the tube was translocated or blocked. When the volume of irrigation exceeds the drainage 500 mL/day or if there were serious complications associated with the drainage tube, continuous irrigation and vacuum drainage should be stopped immediately and the tube was the traditional drainage was performed.

Approximately 4 weeks after disease onset or the formation of well-defined wall was confirmed by repeat CT scan, transgastric necrosectomy were performed by one or two experienced endoscopist under conscious sedation. Transgastric necrosectomy was repeated, mostly every three to five days, until all loosely adherent necrotic material were cleared and replaced by granulation tissue. In the course of the procedure, antibiotic administration was adjusted based on the results of the microbiological culture results. Subsequently, percutaneous irrigation was stopped and replace with simple drainage if the patient's condition continues to improved and the cavity confirmed by CT was resolution. If the drainage volume was less than 10 mL/day for 3 consecutive days, clamp the drainage tube and remove it finally.