anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Thalassemia is one the most common autosomal recessive haemolytic diseases both worldwide and in the middle east. (1) Beta-thalassemia is a disorder characterized by the congenital absence of the beta chain synthesis of the haemoglobin tetramer, In healthy individuals the haemoglobin chain consists of 2 alpha and 2 beta globin chains, as a result the absence of 2 beta chains in the b thalassemia patients results in clinical symptoms as pallor and failure to thrive. (2,3,4) These patients thus rely on blood transfusions for their entire lives, unless they undergo bone marrow transplant, exposing them to many complications both organically and psychologically. (5) Other patients with b thalassemia whose anaemia doesn't require regular blood transfusion are considered to have B thalassemia intermediate. (6)B thalassemia is among one the most common haemoglobinopathies in Egypt, estimating t 1000/ 1.5 million per year live births born with thalassemia disease. (7) Attention, orientation, memory, gnosis, and executive functions are among some of the cognitive functions that enable an individual to perceive, store, interpret and restore information from the surrounding. (8) Studies have shown that patients with B thalassemia have impairment in most of these cognitive functions in comparison to their healthy counterparts.

psychological problems as stress, anxiety, and depression are some of the psychological disorders that negatively impact the lives of thalassemia patients and may cause multiple comorbidities if not managed properly (9) Quality of life is assessed by focusing on the person's own view of his/her life and his/her well-being taking any conditions or issues that may affect the person's life into consideration. (10) Multiple studies showed the negative impact thalassemia disease and its therapy have on the cognition of these patients. This study aims to assess and compare the cognition, psychological impact and quality of life among patients with B thalassemia major, requiring regular blood transfusion, patients with B thalassemia intermedia, who don't, and healthy controls. Thus, estimating the role of blood transfusion and hemosiderosis in cognitive impairment, psychological symptoms, and low quality of life in these patients.
Pathologists are adopting digital pathology for diagnosis, using whole slide images (WSIs). Explainable AI (xAI) is a new approach to AI that can reveal underlying reasons for its results. As such, xAI can promote safety, reliability, and accountability of machine learning for critical tasks such as pathology diagnosis. HistoMapr provides intelligent xAI guides for pathologists to improve the efficiency and accuracy of pathological diagnoses. HistoMapr can previews entire pathology cases' WSIs, identifies key diagnostic regions of interest (ROIs), determines one or more conditions associated with each ROI, provisionally labels each ROI with the identified conditions, and can triages them. The ROIs are presented to the pathologist in an interactive, explainable fashion for rapid interpretation. The pathologist can be in control and can access xAI analysis via a “why?” interface. HistoMapr can track the pathologist's decisions and assemble a pathology report using suggested, standardized terminology.
Provided is a preparation method of a hydrogel patch substrate with gradient drug concentration. The preparation method of the hydrogel patch substrate with the gradient drug concentration uses a centrifugation method to achieve cross linking agent gradient distribution, and therefore hydrogel of gradient cross linking is acquired. The design is ingenious, and the method is simple and practicable. Cross linking density gradient of hydrogel is regulated by temperature in the process of centrifugation, centrifugal speed, and centrifugal time. The higher temperature is, the higher the centrifugal speed is, and the longer the centrifugal time is, the larger the gradient is, and therefore concentration gradient load in the hydrogel of drugs is achieved. The preparation method of the hydrogel patch substrate with the gradient drug concentration is suitable for a transdermal drug delivery patch substrate as drug gradient slow release.
Pain is a critical national health problem with nearly 50% of critical care patients experience significant pain in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The under-assessment of pain response is one of the primary barriers to the adequate treatment of pain in critically ill patients, associated with many negative outcomes such as chronic pain after discharge, prolonged mechanical ventilation, longer ICU stay, and increased mortality risk. Nonetheless, many ICU patients are unable to self-report pain intensity due to clinical conditions, ventilation devices, and altered consciousness. Currently, behavioral pain scales are used to assess pain in nonverbal patients. Unfortunately, these scales require repetitive manual administration by overburdened nurses. Moreover, prior work suggests that nurses caring for quasi-sedated patients in critical care settings have considerable variability in pain intensity ratings. Furthermore, manual pain assessment tools lack the capability to monitor pain continuously and autonomously. Together, these challenges point to a critical need for developing objective and autonomous pain recognition systems.

Delirium is another common complication of hospitalization that poses significant health problems in hospitalized patients. It is most prevalent in surgical ICU patients with diagnosis rates up to 80%. It is characterized by changes in cognition, activity level, consciousness, and alertness. Delirium typically leads to changes in activity level and alertness that pose additional health risks including risk of fall, inadequate mobilization, disturbed sleep, inadequate pain control, and negative emotions. All of these effects are difficult to monitor in real-time and further contribute to worsening of patient's cognitive abilities, inhibit recovery, and slow down the rehabilitation process. Though about a third of delirium cases can benefit from intervention, detecting and predicting delirium is still very limited in practice. Current Delirium assessments need to be performed by trained healthcare staff, are time consuming, and resource intensive. Due to the resources necessary to complete the assessment, delirium is often assessed twice per day, despite the transient nature of the disease state which can come and go undetected between the assessments. Jointly these obstacles demonstrate a dire need for real-time autonomous delirium detection.

The investigators hypothesize that the proposed model would be able to leverage accelerometer, electromyographic, and video data for the purpose of autonomously quantifying patient facial expressions such as pain, characterizing functional activities, and delirium status. Rationalizing that autonomous visual cue quantification and delirium detection can reduce nurse workload and can enable real-time pain and delirium monitoring. Early detection of delirium offers patients the best chance for good delirium treatment outcomes.
Medication abortion using mifepristone and misoprostol is common, accounting for nearly one-third of abortions in the United States in 2014. Although women generally tolerate medical abortion well, pain and bleeding are common and expected side effects. Up to a quarter of women rate their pain as severe during their procedure. Pain management for medical abortion is challenging given that the most acute pain occurs at home rather than under the supervision of medical professionals. Currently there is insufficient evidence to recommend an optimal regimen for pain control in medication abortion and there are concerns surrounding narcotic prescribing and the opiate abuse epidemic. This is a four-arm, prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial comparing dextromethorphan administration in conjunction with the current standard regimen (NSAIDs and narcotic medication by request- commonly oxycodone or codeine) to the standard regimen alone. Pain will be evaluated by analgesia usage and self-reported pain scores. Investigators will also investigate factors influencing pain and subjective components of the patient narrative. Ideally, a non-opioid adjunct to NSAIDs or narcotics could be used to control pain and significantly curtail or avoid opioid use. Investigators seek to test the efficacy and safety of dextromethorphan as a non-narcotic analgesic for medication abortion.
BACKGROUND: The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is increasing. Environmental conditions such as heavy metals and air pollution have been linked with the incidence and mortality of chronic diseases such as cancer, as well as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. We aimed to scope the current state of evidence on the impact of environmental conditions on NCDs in SSA.
METHODS: We conducted a scoping review to identify environmental conditions linked with NCDs in SSA by identifying studies published from January 1986 through February 2023. We searched African Index Medicus, Ovid Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Greenfile. Using the PICOS study selection criteria, we identified studies conducted in SSA focussed on physical environmental exposures and incidence, prevalence, and mortality of NCDs. We included only epidemiologic or quantitative studies.
RESULTS: We identified 6754 articles from electronic database searches; only 36 met our inclusion criteria and were qualitatively synthesised. Two studies were conducted in multiple SSA countries, while 34 were conducted across ten countries in SSA. Air pollution (58.3%) was the most common type of environmental exposure reported, followed by exposure to dust (19.4%), meteorological variables (13.8%), heavy metals (2.7%), soil radioactivity (2.7%), and neighbourhood greenness (2.7%). The examined NCDs included respiratory diseases (69.4%), cancer (2.7%), stroke (5.5%), diabetes (2.7%), and two or more chronic diseases (19.4%). The study results suggest an association between environmental exposures and NCDs, particularly for respiratory diseases. Only seven studies found a null association between environmental conditions and chronic diseases.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a growing body of research on environmental conditions and chronic diseases in the SSA region. Although some cities in SSA have started implementing environmental monitoring and control measures, there remain high levels of environmental pollution. Investment can focus on improving environmental control measures and disease surveillance.
This double blinded, randomized, placebo controlled trial will enroll 600 men and women, who are age 18 to 65 years inclusive, have at least two positive sputum smears for tuberculosis (TB), intend to stay in Dar-es-Salaam (DSM) for at least 2 years from the start of TB therapy, and have given informed consent to participate in the study. Half of the enrollees will have active TB and co-infection with HIV, and the other half will have TB alone. The effect of micronutrient status will be examined in the context of a randomized trial conducted in Tanzania. Subjects will be randomized to receive either multi-micronutrients or placebo from the start of their TB therapy, through the 8 months of anti-TB therapy, and until the last recruited patient reaches 24 months of follow up. Thus, the first subject is likely to be followed for 48 months, assuming the duration of recruitment is 24 months. The endpoints of interest include bacteriologic cure, immune response parameters, and clinical outcomes. The researchers will also examine the utility of these immune response parameters as surrogate markers for treatment efficacy in TB, irrespective of nutritional and other risk factors. The study will be carried out as a collaborative effort between Harvard School of Public Health; Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tufts University, Boston; and the Channing Laboratory, Boston. Subjects will be randomly assigned to receive a daily oral dose of one of two treatments: (a) micronutrients: 5000 IU of retinol, 20 mg of B1, 20 mg of B2, 25 mg of B6, 100 mg of niacin, 50 mcg of B12, 500 of C, 200 mg of E, 0.8 mg of folic acid, and 100 mcg of selenium; or (b) placebo. The primary objectives are to: (1) determine the efficacy of micronutrient supplements on sputum and culture negativity at one month and two months; (2) determine the efficacy of micronutrient supplements on survival between two arms at 8 and 24 months; and (3) determine the efficacy of micronutrient supplements on TB relapse and reinfection. Secondary study objectives are to: (1) compare the treatment arms with respect to rate of change of HIV viral load in HIV positive subjects measured at 0, 2, 8, and 20 months; (2) compare the treatment arms with respect to absolute change in CD4 counts from 0 to 2, 8, 20 months; (3) compare the treatment arms with respect to weight change from baseline and 2 months, 8 months, and 20 months; (4) compare the treatment arms with respect to immunological parameters, namely ex vivo lymphocyte proliferation; and cytokine production, namely IL-2, INF-g, IL-12, and TNF-a, at 2, 8, 20 months; and (5) correlate the above mentioned immunological markers with smear conversion rates at 1 month, 2 months, cure, relapse, and death.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep disorders and the prevalence of taste dysfunction and the mediation effect of oral microbe in adults over 40 years.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional data were utilized from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014). Regression models were employed, adjusting for demographic variables and covariates. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, sex, ethnicity, and education level. Multiplicative interactions were assessed through likelihood ratio tests. Additionally, the impact of sleep disturbance on the alpha diversity of the oral microbiome was examined using the rank-sum test (significance threshold: p < 0.05). Mediation analysis based on oral microbiota was conducted.
RESULTS: The analysis included 4869 participants. After adjusting for adjusting for demographic variables and covariates, individuals with sleep disorders exhibited a 36% increased risk of taste dysfunctions compared to those without sleep disorders (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.00-1.84, p = 0.05). Interaction analyses indicated no significant differences between sleep disorders and taste dysfunctions concerning sex, educational level, and age across various models (Crude Model, Model 1, Model 2, and Model 3; p for interaction > 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the non-sleep disorder group, patients with sleep disorders demonstrated decreased numbers of OTUs, Shannon-Wiener indices, and Faith's phylogenetic diversity indices in the oral microbiota (p < 0.05). However, the mediation analysis failed to reveal an indirect effect of oral microbiome on taste dysfunction (p > 0.05.) CONCLUSION: Sleep disorders independently correlate with a higher risk of taste dysfunctions, potentially associated with alterations in oral flora.
A retrospective - prospective study evaluating pediatric patients with Pompe before and 2 days after ERT on multiple occasions and different dosing. Evaluation included cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), 6 minute-walking test (6MWT), motor function test (GMFM-88) and self-collected blood samples (on a Guthrie card) for enzyme blood levels.
1. Background The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic condition had a catastrophic consequence on the healthcare system. In order to contain the death from other diseases, such as cancer, the healthcare system still fights a challenging battle focusing the attention on COVD-19 without losing sight of other patient care. Routine screening and non urgent surgeries reduced to increase capacity for COVID-19 patients complications. Moreover, it must take into account the fear for COVID-19 exposure of patients during the routine assessments.

   Nevertheless, death related to other causes is not decreased. Standard cancer screening is decreased, such as colorectal cancer protocol which dropped by 84.5% through May 20201. As a consequence, according to London JW et al, the incidence of new cancer diagnoses decreased of 65.2%. As matter of fact, the new diagnosis of melanoma dropped by 67.1%, as well as the new diagnosis of lung cancer which dropped of 46.8%1 in April 2020 compared to one year earlier. Furthermore, the number of advanced gastrointestinal cancers are supposed to be increased in the surgical community. As conventional wisdom, the number of patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastrointestinal, as well as patients needing an emergency or a palliative procedure (i.e., stoma, feeding jejunostomy, gastroentero anastomosis) seems increased this year compared to 2019. These therapeutic delays may influence the long-term survival of these patients. An increased rate of related death is expected, rising from 15.5% to 16.6% and 4.8% to 5.3 % for colorectal and lung cancer, respectively. This study aims to investigate whether the main gastrointestinal cancers was diagnosed in a more advanced stage in 2020 compared to 2019 as a consequence of Covid-19 pandemic.
2. Methods This is a multicenter retrospective study that will include patients treated for esophageal, gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancer, from January 2019 to December 2020 in more than 50 Italian centers. All patients will be included in a disease-specific database, which will be sent to each Italian reference center. A minimum of 1.000 patient/year is expected to show a significative difference between the considered years.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer mortality in Asia. Most patients present with intermediate or advanced disease. Percutaneous ethanol injection, radiofrequency ablation, and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) are not considered as a curative treatment and have achieved very limited success in eradicating large HCC.

Two phase III trials were shown to be efficacious and well-tolerated in patients with advanced HCC. Median overall survival was significantly 2 to 3 months longer in the sorafenib group than that in the placebo. It is interesting to recognize the combined therapeutic effect of TACE with sorafenib. The proposed study will make an important contribution to understanding not only the safety and efficacy of sorafenib in addition to TACE in patients diagnosed with unresectable HCC, but this will also be the first clinical trial prospectively to compare the effectiveness of sorafenib combined with TACE with that of TACE alone in the treatment of unresectable HCC
NEW MATERIAL:3-Hydroxymethylsulfinyl-6- ( 1-hydroxysulfonyloxyethyl ) -7-oxo- 1-azabicyclo[3,2,0]-hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid shown by the formula and its salt. USE:An antibiotic. Having a wide range of antibacterial spectrum and-lactamase inhibiting action. PROCESS:A bacterium capable of producing pluracidomycin C is subjected to liquid culture under aerobic conditions in a nutritive medium at 20-40 deg.C, preferably at 25-32 deg.C in pH of the medium of 5.5-8.5, and a compound shown by the formual or its salt is separated and collected from the culture after the cultivation is over. The compound or its salt is reduced with sodium boron hydride, etc. to give a compound having increased objects of effect.
Participants will receive an oral dose (Dose level 8) JNJ-64991524 or placebo capsules once daily for 14 days in fasted or fed condition in Part 2. Fasted/fed condition will be determined based on tolerability and PK from Part 1.
This is a phase Ib/II (dose escalation/dose expansion), single-arm multi-centre clinical trial of venetoclax plus obinutuzumab and lenalinomide in patients with treatment-naïve follicular lymphoma. The trial involves an initial dose escalation phase followed by an expansion phase. Patients in both the dose escalation and expansion phases will receive 6 cycles of induction treatment. After patients finish induction treatment, they will undergo PET-CT scan, the results of which will determine further therapy. Patients in CR or SD/PR from the PET-CT scan result will receive up to 2 years of maintenance therapy. Patients in PD from the PET-CT result will not receive any further study treatment. All patients will be followed up for 3 years after the last patient has completed induction treatment.
Participants received erlotinib (Tarceva) at a dose determined by the investigator, guided by the recommendation in the Summary of Product Characteristics. The recommended daily dose of erlotinib is 150 mg orally once daily.
BACKGROUND: The consequences of trace element exposure on cognitive function in elderly adults have been recognized as primarily attributed to the inflammatory response. It is noteworthy that diet can either exacerbate or reduce the inflammatory response. Despite this, there have been limited studies about the effects of diet on the relationship between trace element exposure and cognitive function.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2011-2014 NHANES survey to explore the association between trace element exposure and cognitive function in elderly adults. The study enrolled 1726 participants, and generalized linear regression model (GLM), Bayesian kernel machine regression model (BKMR), weighted quantile sum regression (WQS), and quantile g-computation regression analysis (Qg-comp) were conducted to assess the impact of five trace elements (lead, cadmium, mercury, manganese, and selenium) in blood on cognitive function under the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory diet.
RESULTS: The GLM analysis showed a positive correlation between selenium (Se) and both the instant recall test (IRT) and digit symbol substitution test (DSST) (β = 2.06, 95% CI: 0.70 ~ 3.41; and β = 6.41, 95% CI: 2.35 ~ 10.46, respectively). In contrast, cadmium (Cd) was negatively associated with DSST (β = -1.17, 95% CI: -2.13~ -0.22), and lead (Pb) was negatively associated with IRT (β = -0.47, 95% CI: -0.82~ -0.11). For the animal fluency test (AFT), the highest quartile of manganese (Mn) was negatively associated with the lowest quartile (β = -0.72, 95% CI: -1.34~-0.10), while mercury (Hg) showed no significant associations with cognitive function tests. Subgroup analysis revealed the effects of Cd on IRT and DSST and Se on DSST under the pro-inflammatory diet. Furthermore, The BKMR analysis showed an inverted U-shaped curve with the negative impact of trace element mixtures and DSST and a linearly negative trend with IRT in the pro-inflammatory diet. Among them, Cd was emphasized as the most potent risk factor, and Se was the most vital protective factor for IRT and DSST in WQS and Qg-comp analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that a high-quality diet might alleviate the adverse effects of Cd on IRT and DSST. High Se levels were also associated with better IRT and DSST scores in the pro-inflammatory diet. These findings provide valuable insights into the connection between diet, trace element exposure, and cognitive function in elderly adults.
The invention discloses a Chinese medicinal pill of a quick-acting pill for removing jaundice and protecting liver, which comprises the following components in part by weight: the traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from 14 traditional Chinese medicines of oriental wormwood, fresh couchgrass root, hypericum japonicum, giant knotweed rhizome, lygodium japonicum, dandelion, hiraute shiny bugleweed herb, sedum sarmentosum, scorched hawthorn fruit, stir-fried medicated leaven, salvia miltiorrhiza, glabrous greenbrier rhizome, indigowoad root, longhairy antenoron herb and the like. 1. Has no influence or little influence on normal physiological functions and no toxic or side effect. 2. The effect is nonspecific and broad-spectrum. 3. Has effects in regulating physiological function, clearing away heat and toxic materials, eliminating dampness, eliminating jaundice, protecting liver, and lowering transaminase. 4. Can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and signs of patients, and can quickly relieve jaundice for improving liver function.