anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a skin preparation for external use useful for cosmetics and medicines capable of preventing and treating pigmentations, e.g. stains and freckles caused by sunburn, and inflammatory reactions, e.g. rubefaction and pain due to sunburn, by formulating Arctostaphylos viscida and the like thereto. SOLUTION: This preparation is obtained by formulating Arctostaphylos viscida and/or Arctostaphylos patula or the extracts from them preferably in an amount of 0.1-1 wt.% as the dry solid of the plant (the dry solid of the plant used in extraction in the case of the extract) based on the whole weight of the composition. When obtaining the above-stated extract, a solvent such as water and ethanol is used in the extraction. This preparation for external use for skin is useful as cosmetics such as toilet water, cream and emulsion and medicinal preparations for external use, e.g. medicinal cosmetics (quasi- drugs), ointments, liniments and lotions.
The efficacy of Triferic AVNU has been established based on adequate and well-controlled adult studies of ferric pyrophosphate citrate in iron replacement in patients with hemodialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (HDD-CKD). Below is a display of the results of the adequate and well-controlled studies of ferric pyrophosphate citrate in this condition.

The efficacy of ferric pyrophosphate citrate in patients with HDD-CKD was assessed in two randomized, single blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Patients with hemoglobin of 9 g/dL to 12 g/dL with TSAT > 20% and serum ferritin concentrations > 200 mcg/L were enrolled. Patients were to remain in randomized treatment until pre-specified hemoglobin or ferritin criteria were met, indicating the need for a change in anemia management or if they completed 48 weeks. Ferric pyrophosphate citrate was added to bicarbonate concentrate with a final concentration of 110 mcg iron/L in the dialysate and was administered 3 or 4 times per week during hemodialysis. Most patients were receiving stable dose of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) at baseline. After randomization, patients ESA doses were not to be changed.

In CRUISE 1 (NCT01320202), the mean age of patients was 58 years (range 23 to 89); 68% were male, 55% were Caucasian, 32% were African American, and 13% were other races. 

In CRUISE 2 (NCT01322347), the mean age of patients was 58 years (range 20 to 89); 59% were male, 54% were Caucasian, 40% were African American, and 6% were other races.

Efficacy was assessed by the mean change in hemoglobin from baseline to the end-of-treatment period (average hemoglobin of the last one-sixth (1/6th) of the time in the randomized treatment period). About 18% of patientscompleted the planned 48 week treatment duration. 

Table 3 shows the mean changes in hemoglobin (Hgb) and iron parameters in each treatment group from baseline to the end-of-treatment period for the ITT population.
Perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) emerges as a common postoperative complication among elderly patients. Currently, the mechanism of PND remains unclear, but there exists a tendency to believe that inflammation plays a significant role in PND. Alterations in the abundance of intestinal microbiota can increase the permeability of the intestinal mucosal barrier and incite extraintestinal inflammatory responses. Metabolites from these microbiota can be absorbed by the intestinal mucosa into the bloodstream, exerting influence upon the central nervous system (CNS). Lactobacillus (Lac), serving as an intestinal probiotic bacterium, possesses the capacity to modulate emotional behavior and cognitive functions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as novel therapeutic carriers for targeted delivery to regulate physiology and pathogenesis. While the mechanism governing the primary function of Lac-EVs in the CNS remains uncertain. Therefore, we established an in vitro neuroinflammation model to induce PND and then treated the mice with Lac-EVs to observe the effect of these EVs on neuroinflammation, particularly on microglial (MG) polarization. Our research unveils that Lac-EVs reduced inflammation induced by LPS in microglia and the activation of related proteins, including the mRNA expression of M1 labeled protein (iNOS). Moreover, the mRNA expression of M2-labeled protein (Arg1) increased. In addition, flow cytometry revealed that the ratio of M1/M2 microglia also changed significantly. Therefore, Lac-EVs promoted the differentiation of M2 microglia by inducing the preferential expression of specific markers related to M2 macrophages and inflammation. In terms of inflammatory cytokine expression, Lac-EVs decreased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and increased IL-10 production after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Therefore, Lac-EVs induce the activation of M2 microglial cells without inducing cellular harm in vitro, and they demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. This finding suggested that it is an effective anti-inflammatory strategy for alleviating inflammation-driven PNDs.
Dissemination of public health information plays an essential role in communicable disease control and prevention. However, widespread and repeated messaging could become counterproductive if it leads to avoidance and disengagement due to message fatigue. Americans have been inundated with accurate and inaccurate COVID-19 information from myriad sources since the start of the pandemic. Using the health belief model (HBM) as a guiding framework, this study examines COVID-19-related message fatigue among adults in the United States who have gotten at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine and the association between message fatigue and COVID-19 booster uptake and intentions. A special survey module of The COVID States Project was fielded between August and September 2022 (n = 16,546). Results showed moderately high levels of message fatigue among vaccinated individuals. Message fatigue was negatively associated with the likelihood of having gotten a COVID-19 booster and intentions to do so among those who had not yet received a booster, above and beyond variance explained by the HBM constructs. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring and mitigating COVID-19-related message fatigue in encouraging the public to stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccination.
PURPOSE: An up-to-date overview of epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic and evaluation methods, current treatment status and future directions of subjective tinnitus in adults.
METHODS: Review of current evidence-based literature on subjective tinnitus in adults.
RESULTS: The prevalence of subjective tinnitus in the adult population is estimated to be around 14%, and it tends to increase with age. Subjective tinnitus is a complex condition with multiple factors contributing to its origin. However, the exact causes and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Potential causes may include hearing loss, dysfunction in the somatosensory system, and auditory cortical dysfunction, although severe underlying pathology is rare. Currently, diagnosis primarily relies on patient self-reported medical history and physician-based clinical assessment due to the lack of objective testing. Various treatment and management options have been proposed, but their effectiveness varies, and there is no universally agreed-upon treatment option.
CONCLUSIONS: Tinnitus is a complex and heterogeneous disease with a high incidence rate and a tendency to increase with age. A holistic perspective is needed to understand the generation, perception, and emotional responses to tinnitus. Diagnosis requires a comprehensive assessment based on medical history and relevant examinations, identification of concurrent psychosomatic comorbidities, and active pursuit of objective diagnostic methods. At the same time, on the basis of existing treatment plans and combining emerging technologies, we will develop new personalized, precise, and combined treatment plans.
The invention provides lactobacillus casei with a blood pressure reducing effect and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of functional bacteria. The invention provides Lactobacillus casei (Lactobacillus casei) SLK30, which is preserved in Guangdong province microorganism strain preservation center, No. 59 floor 5 of Michelia furiosa No. 100 college in Guangzhou city, with the preservation date as follows: 2022, 3 months and 9 days, the preservation number is: GDMCC No. 62280. The lactobacillus casei SLK30 provided by the invention has ideal ACE inhibition rate and GABA production capacity, and is a blood pressure-reducing probiotic strain. Fermentation characteristic research shows that the lactobacillus casei SLK30 has good acid production capacity, acid resistance and cholate resistance, has strong inhibiting effect on indicator bacteria staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and salmonella typhi, and can be used as potential blood pressure-reducing probiotics to be applied to fermented food.
An oral care implement having electrodes thereon. In one aspect, the oral care implement may include a handle and a head, the head having a front surface and an opposite rear surface. A plurality of tooth cleaning elements may extend from the front surface of the head. A soft tissue cleaner may be located on the rear surface of the head, the soft tissue cleaner including a protuberance field. A first electrode and a second electrode are each operably coupled to a power source to have opposite electrical charges. The first and second electrodes may be spaced apart from one another and substantially surround the protuberance field. In other embodiments, the first and second electrodes may be embedded within or otherwise located within the protuberance field.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject composition having excellent shape-retainability and aging stability and keeping good cleansing power such as the removal of make-up cosmetic by compounding a specific amount of a specific oil to a polyoxyethylene coconut oil fatty acid glycerol ester. SOLUTION: This composition contains 4-10wt.% of a polyoxyethylene coconut oil glycerol ester in combination with 0.05-2wt.% of a liquid oil. The liquid oil is an oil exhibiting liquid or pasty state at 25 deg.C and is preferably olive oil, squalane, liquid paraffin, 2-ethylhexanoic acid triglyceride, etc. The composition can be produced by a conventional process and is suitable for face wash for the removal of make-up cosmetic. The composition can be used for removing make-up cosmetic, etc., attached to a fibrous material of e.g. clothes in addition to the skin-cleansing use.
This is a Phase I, open-label, randomized (patients are assigned different treatments based on chance), 2-period, 2-way cross-over interaction trial to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction (study of the bodily absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs) between lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/rtv) and TMC125, both at steady-state.The trial population will consist of 16 healthy volunteers. In 2 consecutive sessions, healthy volunteers will receive Treatment A and Treatment B, in a randomized sequence. In Treatment A, 200 mg TMC125 b.i.d.will be administered for 7 days (from Day 1 to Day 7) with an additional morning dose on Day 8. In Treatment B, 400/100 mgLPV/rtv twice a day will be administered for 15 days (from Day 1 to Day15) with an additional morning dose on Day 16, while 200 mgTMC125 b.i.d. will be co-administered from Day 9 to Day 15 with an additional morning dose on Day 16. Subsequent sessions will be separated by a washout period of at least 2 weeks. Full pharmacokinetic profiles of TMC125 will be determined over the 12-hour dosing interval after the morning intake on Day 8 of Treatment A and on Day 16 of Treatment B. Full pharmacokinetic profiles of LPV and ritonavir will be determined over the 12-hour dosing interval after the morning intake on Days 8 and 16 of Treatment B. All treatments will be administered under fed conditions and will be taken within 10 minutes after a meal. Safety and tolerability evaluations will be recorded continuously. Treatment A = 200 mg TMC125 b.i.d. will be administered for 7 days (from Day 1 to Day 7) with an additional morning dose on Day 8. Treatment B = 400/100 mg LPV/rtv b.i.d. will be administered for 15 days (from Day 1 to Day 15) with an additional morning dose on Day 16, while 200 mg TMC125 b.i.d. will be co-administered from Day 9 to Day 15 with an additional morning dose on Day 16.
Patients randomized to the active comparator arm will be scheduled for and follow up with the surgeon or an advanced practice provider via an in-office visit at 6 weeks after the planned date of surgery. If the surgery were to be rescheduled to a future date, the postoperative visit will be moved accordingly to ensure follow-up occurs at the 6-week postoperative period.
The prevalence and predictors of mortality following an ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage have not been well established among patients in Vietnam. 2885 consecutive diagnosed patients with ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage at ten stroke centres across Vietnam were involved in this prospective study. Posthoc analyses were performed in 2209 subjects (age was 65.4 ± 13.7 years, with 61.4% being male) to explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors associated with 90-day mortality following treatment. An explainable machine learning model using extreme gradient boosting and SHapley Additive exPlanations revealed the correlation between original clinical research and advanced machine learning methods in stroke care. In the 90 days following treatment, the mortality rate for ischemic stroke was 8.2%, while for intracerebral hemorrhage, it was higher at 20.5%. Atrial fibrillation was an elevated risk of 90-day mortality in the ischemic stroke patient (OR 3.09; 95% CI 1.90-5.02, p<0.001). Among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, there was no statistical significance in those with hypertension compared to their counterparts without hypertension (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.41-1.03, p > 0.05). The baseline NIHSS score was a significant predictor of 90-day mortality in both patient groups. The machine learning model can predict a 0.91 accuracy prediction of death rate after 90 days. Age and NIHSS score were in the top high risks with other features, such as consciousness, heart rate, and white blood cells. Stroke severity, as measured by the NIHSS, was identified as a predictor of mortality at discharge and the 90-day mark in both patient groups.
Natural, geographical barriers have historically limited the spread of communicable diseases. This is no longer the case in today's interconnected world, paired with its unprecedented environmental and climate change, emphasising the intersection of evolutionary biology, epidemiology and geography (i.e. biogeography). A total of 14 articles of the special issue entitled "Geography and health: role of human translocation and access to care" document enhanced disease transmission of diseases, such as malaria, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, COVID-19 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona 2) and Oropouche fever in spite of spatiotemporal surveillance. High-resolution satellite images can be used to understand spatial distributions of transmission risks and disease spread and to highlight the major avenue increasing the incidence and geographic range of zoonoses represented by spill-over transmission of coronaviruses from bats to pigs or civets. Climate change and globalization have increased the spread and establishment of invasive mosquitoes in non-tropical areas leading to emerging outbreaks of infections warranting improved physical, chemical and biological vector control strategies. The translocation of pathogens and their vectors is closely connected with human mobility, migration and the global transport of goods. Other contributing factors are deforestation with urbanization encroaching into wildlife zones. The destruction of natural ecosystems, coupled with low income and socioeconomic status, increase transmission probability of neglected tropical and zoonotic diseases. The articles in this special issue document emerging or re-emerging diseases and surveillance of fever symptoms. Health equity is intricately connected to accessibility to health care and the targeting of healthcare resources, necessitating a spatial approach. Public health comprises successful disease management integrating spatial surveillance systems, including access to sanitation facilities. Antimicrobial resistance caused, e.g. by increased use of antibiotics in health, agriculture and aquaculture, or acquisition of resistance genes, can be spread by horizontal gene transfer. This editorial reviews the key findings of this 14-article special issue, identifies important gaps relevant to our interconnected world and makes a number of specific recommendations to mitigate the transmission risks of infectious diseases in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.
We present the case of a 35-year-old female patient admitted to the hospital with symptoms of rapidly increasing disturbances of consciousness and fever for 48 hours. A lumbar puncture, bacteriological and virological examinations, and initial imaging studies did not show abnormalities. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), repeated several times, showed hyperintense confluent lesions in both temporal lobes and atrophy of both hippocampi. General examination, cerebrospinal fluid culture, the panel of antineuronal antibodies, and tumor markers remained negative on subsequent repeats. Despite several laboratory and imaging studies, the etiology of the disease could not be established, infections were excluded, and no autoantibodies were found. A diagnosis of probable limbic encephalitis, amnestic syndrome resulting from organic brain damage, and drug-resistant epilepsy was made. The patient, with limbic encephalitis complicated by drug-resistant status epilepticus, was treated with cycles of immunoglobulin and subsequent plasmapheresis. She was then transferred to the Department of Psychiatry for diagnosis and treatment of intermittent psychotic disorders. During hospitalization, the patient was observed to have multiple epileptic seizures with temporal and frontal morphology, amnestic syndrome with confabulations, and periodic psychotic disorders with the occurrence of visual hallucinations. Antiepileptic treatment was escalated by including cenobamate in increasing doses. To control the mental disorders, duloxetine, tiapride, and cognitive function exercises were introduced. There was a slight improvement in memory, a cessation of confabulations, and an emergence of the patient's criticism of the symptoms presented. The psychotic symptoms subsided, and the number of epileptic seizures decreased. The described case portrays a unique co-occurrence of disease symptoms that are difficult to treat. It shows the therapeutic difficulties that can occur in patients with suspected autoimmune encephalitis. Furthermore, it shows the need for multispecialty care of a patient with psychotic symptoms in the course of epilepsy accompanied by amnestic syndrome.
One comparator group will be set for each of the 4 experimental groups, to a total of 4 comparator groups. Participants in comparator groups will receive placebo.
The terminal half-life of warfarin after a single dose is approximately one week; however, the effective half-life ranges from 20 to 60 hours, with a mean of about 40 hours. The clearance of R-warfarin is generally half that of S-warfarin, thus as the volumes of distribution are similar, the half-life of R-warfarin is longer than that of S-warfarin. The half-life of R-warfarin ranges from 37 to 89 hours, while that of S-warfarin ranges from 21 to 43 hours. Studies with radiolabeled drug have demonstrated that up to 92% of the orally administered dose is recovered in urine. Very little warfarin is excreted unchanged in urine. Urinary excretion is in the form of metabolites.
The treatment of NSCLC in elderly has been subject to discussion for years. While platinum doublets consisting of cisplatin or carboplatin and another cytotoxic agent demonstrate a survival advantage compared with single agents generally, evidence of treatment efficacy for patients with diminished performance status (PS) or with age older than 70 years is limited. Guidelines from the US and Europe have preferred single-agent chemotherapy for the elderly and PS 2 patients. However, increasing studies are exploring this issue and presenting data that favour doublet therapy. The addition of carboplatin to paclitaxel and cisplatin to docetaxel have shown evidence that patients over 70 benefit more in face of increased toxicities.

This study is designed to be multi-center, open-label, prospective, randomized, two-arm, parallel, phase III trial of elderly patients(≥70 years old) with metastatic non-squamous NSCLC (Stage IV by AJCC 7th) who have not received prior systemic chemotherapy or biological therapy. Approximately 266 patients will be enrolled into the trial. This study compares the doublet therapy of pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 5 mg/mL\*min) administered intravenously every 21 days for 4 cycles followed by pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) every 21 days for maintenance therapy (Arm A) to single therapy of pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) every 21 days till progression or unacceptable toxicity (Arm B). Pemetrexed will be administered with vitamin B12 and folate supplements.
###  Pregnancy Category C

In a series of reproductive and developmental toxicology studies, propranolol hydrochloride was given to rats by gavage or in the diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. At doses of 150 mg/kg/day, but not at doses of 80 mg/kg/day (equivalent to the MRHD on a body surface area basis), treatment was associated with embryotoxicity (reduced litter size and increased resorption rates) as well as neonatal toxicity (deaths). Propranolol hydrochloride also was administered (in the feed) to rabbits (throughout pregnancy and lactation) at doses as high as 150 mg/kg/day (about 5 times the maximum recommended human oral daily dose). No evidence of embryo or neonatal toxicity was noted.

There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women. Intrauterine growth retardation, small placentas, and congenital abnormalities have been reported in neonates whose mothers received propranolol during pregnancy. Neonates whose mothers received propranolol at parturition have exhibited bradycardia, hypoglycemia, and/or respiratory depression. Adequate facilities for monitoring such infants at birth should be available. Propranolol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
In certain embodiments, graphical representations of factors for risk adjustment of a key performance indicator may be presented, and a user selection of a factor subset may be received. Training information may be provided as input to a machine learning model to predict values of the key performance indicator for the selected factor subset. The training information may indicate values of the factor subset associated with a provider. Reference feedback may then be provided to the machine learning model, the reference feedback comprising historic values of the key performance indicator for the provider based on the values of the factor subset that are associated with the provider. The machine learning model may then update portions of the machine learning model based on the reference feedback. The values of the factor subset may then be provided to the updated machine learning model to obtain predicted values of the key performance indicator.
Participants received adalimumab 40 mg subcutaneous injection once every other week and methotrexate orally once a week at a starting dose of 7.5 mg/week (could be escalated up to 20 mg/week) during the 2-year double-blind treatment phase. Participants received adalimumab 40 mg every other week for up to 8 years in the open-label extension phase.