anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Chronic bronchitis (CB), a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), poses a significant global health burden owing to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Eucalyptol, limonene and pinene enteric capsules (ELPs) are clinically used as expectorants to treat various respiratory diseases, including CB, but their acting mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-CB effects of ELP in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced CB. The molecular mechanisms underlying its inhibitory effects on airway inflammation were further explored in LPS-stimulated Beas-2B cells.
METHODS: ELP was characterized using gas chromatography. The production of inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of MUC5AC, MUC5B, and p-p65 in the lung tissue was measured using immunohistochemical staining. The gene expression of inflammatory mediators was determined using qRT-PCR. The expression levels of the target proteins were detected by western blotting. Nuclear localization of p65 was determined using an immunofluorescence assay.
RESULTS: Compared to the CB model rats, ELP-treated rats showed reduced airway resistance, inflammation, and goblet cell hyperplasia. In BALF, ELP decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-1α, and CCL5. ELP also suppressed LPS-induced elevation of MUC5AC, MUC5B, and p-p65 in the lung tissue. The metabolic pathway changes caused by LPS challenge were improved by ELP treatment. In LPS-exposed Beas-2B cells, ELP treatment inhibited the expression of TNFA, IL6, CCL5, MCP1, and MIP2A and decreased the phospho-levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling-related proteins, including p-p38, p-JNK, p-ERK, p-TBK1, p-IKKα/β, p-IκB, p-p65, and p-c-Jun. ELP also hindered the nuclear translocation of p65, c-Jun, and IRF3.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that ELP has a potential therapeutic effect in LPS-induced CB rat model, possibly by suppressing TLR4 signaling. These results justify the clinical use of ELP for the treatment of pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine preparations, and in particular relates to a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating dysfunction caused by cerebral small vessel diseases and a preparation method thereof. Can improve cerebral circulation, antagonize neurotoxicity, resist free radical, regulate neurotransmitter, promote angiogenesis, inhibit inflammatory reaction, and improve brain tissue nerve injury of patients. Can enhance cerebral blood flow perfusion of cerebral small vessel disease cingulate, parietal leaflet, hippocampus, occipital leaflet and partial frontotemporal leaflet, and enhance nerve function connectivity. And can promote the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) protein of brain tissues, inhibit the expression level of inflammatory factor IL-6 and protect neuroinflammatory injury. The formula of the invention is based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. The preparation method is scientific and reasonable, has obvious curative effect, and can treat both principal and secondary aspect of disease.
High Bleeding Risk patients treated with 2.5 - 4.0 mm drug-eluting balloons (DEB). Bailout stenting is permitted in case of a flow-limiting dissection or significant recoil (\>30% in main branch and \>50% side-branch), includes both stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS) patients undergoing elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI).
The "waiting group" was provided with an explanation of the objectives of the course. After the objectives of the study were explained in the first course, they waited for 6 weeks before receiving remote intervention.
PURPOSE: Nutritional ketosis synergistically with body-weight loss induced by a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has proven to be effective in improving obesity-related pathophysiology. Recently, growing attention has been focused on the relation between erythropoietin (EPO) and obesity. Thus, this study aims to investigate whether nutritional ketosis and weight loss induced by a VLCKD modify the circulating levels of EPO in patients with obesity in comparison with the effect of low-calorie diet (LCD) or bariatric surgery (BS).
METHODS: EPO levels, iron status and body composition parameters were evaluated in 72 patients with overweight or obesity and 27 normal-weight subjects at baseline and after the three different weight-reduction therapies (VLCKD, LCD and BS) in 69 patients with excess body weight. β-hydroxybutyrate levels were also measured in the VLCKD group. The follow-up was established at 2-3 months and 4-6 months.
RESULTS: It was found that EPO levels were higher in morbid obesity and correlated with higher basal weight, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) in the overall sample. High baseline EPO levels were also correlated with higher impact on the course of weight loss and changes in FM and FFM induced by the three weight-loss interventions. Furthermore, the VLCKD induced a decrease in EPO levels coinciding with maximum ketosis, which was maintained over time, while statistically significant changes were not observed after LCD and BS.
CONCLUSION: The obesity-related increased EPO levels are restored after VLCKD intervention at the time of maximum ketosis, suggesting a potential role of the nutritional ketosis induced by the VLCKD. Baseline EPO levels could be a biomarker of response to a weight-loss therapy.
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most frequent form of cancer in women all over the world. It is the main cause of cancer death and the most often diagnosed cancer in women in 140 of the world's 184 countries. The link between breast cancer risk and body mass index (BMI) has gotten increasing attention in recent years, although the results are still debatable. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the impact of BMI on breast cancer.
METHODS: The current study was carried out as a systematic review and meta-analysis, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We systematically searched Cochrane, Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus databases to identify eligible articles impact of BMI on breast cancer with the appropriate Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The Newcastle-Ottawa checklist was used for the risk of assessment for the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software.
RESULTS: Forty-six studies were included in the current review, which met the selection criteria of the current review. Among included 46 studies in this review, 50% (n = 23) of the studies found the HER2 type of breast cancer followed by triple-negative and HR-positive. The obesity was significantly higher in the case group compared with the control group (P < .001). Heterogeneity between the 14 studies is medium (I2 = 72%). In this review, there was no significant relation between overweight and breast cancer in women (P > .05). Heterogenecity between the 14 studies is medium (I2 = 89%). However, after removing the publication bias a significant relation between overweightness and breast cancer in women (P = .0005) was observed.
CONCLUSION: Obese breast cancer patients are a specific type of patient. They are more likely to develop cancer. Their need to surgery and radiation may cause greater difficulties. Obesity and overweight in women greatly increase the risk of breast cancer, according to the findings of the current meta-analysis. To confirm these findings and understand the pathogenic pathways, more research is required.
The invention concerns emulsions in water of polar oils which are liquid at 20 °C, the emulsions containing as the oils (A) esters of C8-C24 fatty acids or C8-C24 fatty alcohols with 1 to 3 ester groups in the molecule. Such emulsions are particularly stable and finely divided if they contain as emulsifiers (B) addition products obtained by reacting 100 to 500 moles of ethylene oxide with alkoxylatable lipids having 12 to 24 C-atoms. The emulsion preferably contains, in addition, a lipophilic emulsifier (C), e.g. cetyl and/or stearyl alcohol or glycerin monostearate. The emulsion preferably also contains a third emulsifier (D) of average hydrophilicity, e.g. the addition product obtained by reacting 5 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide with alkoxylatable lipids having 12 to 24 C-atoms.
Facial evaluation is performed on one or more videos captured from an individual viewing a display. The images are evaluated to determine whether the display was viewed by the individual. The individual views a media presentation that includes incorporated tags and is rendered on the display. Based on the tags, video of the individual is captured and evaluated using a classifier. The evaluating includes determining whether the individual is in front of the screen, facing the screen, and gazing at the screen. An engagement score and emotional responses are determined for media and images provided on the display.
PURPOSE:To obtain a feline respiratory disease therapeutic agent exhibiting remarkable effects, even when administered through routes except veins, and capable of reducing the labor load of a person on the therapeutic duty and the economical load of an owner. CONSTITUTION:The characteristic of this feline respiratory organ disease therapeutic agent comprises containing as an active ingredient an interferon produced by a microorganismic or animal cell into which an HuIFN-related gene collected from cells originated from human has been introduced. The HuIFN can mainly be classified into three kind types consisting of HuIFN-alpha, HuIFN-beta and HuIFN-gamma on the basis of antigenicity. Only one kind type of the HuIFN may be used, or a combination of different kind types of the HuIFN may be used. Even when any HuIFN is used, it is desirable to use the HuIFN having as high specific activity as possible. When orally administered, a partially or wholly purified product having a specific activity of approximately 10<5> international units/mg of protein is desirable, and when parenterally administered, a purified product having a specific activity of approximately 10<7> international units/mg of protein is desirable.
Infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects more than 170 million people in the World and 80.000 in Chile. It causes more deaths than HIV infection in the US and is a leading cause of liver transplantation in Chile. Even though treatments are evolving with new direct antiviral agents (DAAs) with increasing response rates, there are several issues with these new approaches, including toxicity, need for using interferon and ribavirin, complex algorithms of treatment, high cost, limited effectivity in certain groups (liver transplant patients) and drug interactions. Treatments targeted at host factors required for the viral cycle are becoming increasingly explored as an alternative or complement to DAAs. HCV has a very intimate connection with host lipidic pathways, altering the lipid profile, circulating bound to lipoproteins and using cholesterol receptors and intracellular mechanisms of fat metabolism. It has been recently described that NPC1L1 (Niemann-Pick C1-like 1), the intestinal receptor of cholesterol, serves as an entry factor for HCV. Interestingly, this receptor is not only expressed in the enterocytes (absorbing both endogenous and dietary cholesterol), but also in the canalicular membrane of the hepatocyte, where it functions absorbing cholesterol secreted into the canalicular lumen. NPC1L1 is, therefore, a key transporter in the enterohepatic cycle of cholesterol. Initial in-vitro and in-vivo data show that blocking this receptor with ezetimibe results in delaying infection in these models. Moreover, it has reported the case of a patient that after 3 unsuccessful treatment attempts, cleared HCV RNA with ezetimibe treatment, being the first report of the effect of ezetimibe in humans. In view of these observations, the investigators hypothesize that HCV has an enterohepatic cycle, being secreted in bile and reabsorbed either in the canalicular membrane or in the intestine by association with NPC1L1, following a path similar to the cycle of cholesterol in humans.

This possibility is further supported by the observation that HCV RNA has been detected in bile and feces of infected humans. To prove this hypothesis, the investigators propose to assess the effect of ezetimibe treatment in HCV-infected individuals. Ezetimibe is an approved and generally safe drug used for the management of hypercholesterolemia. HCV RNA and core antigen in plasma and feces will be assessed. An increase in bile or fecal HCV load after antagonizing NPC1L1 with ezetimibe will support the notion that HCV is reabsorbed in the canalicular membrane or at the intestinal level. The second part of the proposed study will be conducted in 12 patients who have chronic hepatitis C and are listed for a liver transplantation. Graft reinfection after liver transplant is universal. Here the investigators anticipate that the use of ezetimibe will directly impact on the reinfection time of the graft, by delaying or even preventing liver reinfection in some patients. Should this study be successful it will for sure have enormous implications for the design of novel management strategies for liver transplant patients.
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of chronic conditions is increasing. Given that the majority of chronic patients are managed by primary healthcare providers, there is a need to integrate primary care with public health to address the prevailing situation and enhance patient outcomes. The purpose of this study is to establish, implement and evaluate an integrated primary care and public health model in China for patients with chronic conditions.
METHODS: This prospective, multicentre and observational study will be conducted at 12 township hospitals on patients (n=7200) diagnosed with chronic conditions (hypertensive, diabetic or stroke). Participants were divided into two groups: pilot areas and mainstream areas follow-up groups. The primary outcome will be the difference in the proportion of controlled chronic conditions among the two groups. Secondary outcomes will be the differences in mean change in diastolic and systolic blood pressures, fasting glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride, death from any cause and participant-reported physical and psychological health status.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. We plan to publish the results of this study in a peer-reviewed journal article.
The present invention discloses purified and isolated nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides having a structure substantially similar to that of splicing forms of mammalian GFR alpha 4 comprising the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:1:) - (SEQ ID NO:6:). The preferred sequences comprise cDNAs having the sequence (SEQ ID NO:7:) - (SEQ ID NO :13:). The present invention is also related to purified and isolated polypeptides comprising the amino acid sequence and or substantially similar splicing forms of mammalian GFRà4. Furthermore, the invention is related to substances capable of specifically recognizing said polypeptides and including both antibodies and receptors. The active compounds of the present invention including cDNAS, polypeptides, binding substances, and antibodies. The invention is useful not only for producing cell-lines and/or transgenic non-human animal but also for diagnosing and treating neuronal disorders or endocrine tumours as well as other related diseases by enabling measurements of GFR alpha 4-mediated signalling in endocrine cells and neurons.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the sinonasal cavities classified into two major phenotypes: CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). The diagnosis of CRS is based on clinical symptoms associated with imaging and/or nasal endoscopy findings of mucosal inflammation.
RECENT FINDINGS: Recently, novel biological therapies have emerged as therapeutic options for CRSwNP. Imaging is helpful in deciding whether surgery is likely to be beneficial and in guiding surgery. It can also help demonstrate a clinical response to medical therapy. However, specific guidelines concerning the role of imaging in CRwNP are lacking.
SUMMARY: This article provides a comprehensive and critical multidisciplinary review of the role of conventional radiology, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and characterization of CRSwNP. Since the complete characterization of nasal polyps on CT or MR images is very challenging, we provide a critical review of the best imaging methods and essential reporting elements used to assess nasal polyps.
Wet sheet therapeutic body wraps will be conducted through twice-a-week sessions for a 3-month duration. Sessions take place in the same quiet room and they usually last 45 minutes each up to 1 hour depending on the patient's response. During sessions, the patient wearied a bathing suit. Sessions were conducted under the supervision of an occupational therapist and involved at least two members of the patient's care team.
PURPOSE:To dissolve the trouble that observation of image is made difficult, by drawing each drawing-out line drawn from an aimed part on a medical diagnosis image so as to spread in radial form from the center point of each diagnosis image, thus preventing the drawing-out lines from crossing in complicated form. CONSTITUTION:When a diagnosis image is read out by an image scanner 7, a schema 31 is written on a diagnosis report. When an aimed part is set by using a mouse, an aimed point Q1, circular aimed region C1, and a rectangular aimed region B2 are displayed on the schema 31. Then, the center point Q0 of the schema 31 is searched, and the center points Q1, Q2 and Q3 at the respective aimed points are searched, and a drawing-out line is prepared according to the state of each aimed part, according to the position relation between the image center and the center of the aimed part. Accordingly, when the drawing-out line 32 is drawn, and the symbolic data is input, the symbols 35 are added as shown by 1, 2, and 3 on the respective drawing-out lines. Then, the comments inputted from a keyboard 3 are written in correspondence with the symbols 35 in the right side blank space of the schema 31, and a diagnosis report 34 is prepared.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) in the parathyroid gland suppresses the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Furthermore, activation of the renal CASR directly increases the urinary excretion of calcium, by inhibiting transepithelial calcium transport in the nephron. Gain-of-function mutations in the CASR gene lead to autosomal dominant hypocalcemia 1 (ADH1), with inappropriately low PTH levels and hypocalcemia, indicative of excessive activation of the parathyroid CASR. However, hypercalciuria is not always observed. The reason why the manifestation of hypercalciuria is not uniform among ADH1 patients is not well understood.
RECENT FINDINGS: Direct activation of the CASR in the kidney has been cumbersome to study, and an indirect measure to effectively estimate the degree of CASR activation following chronic hypercalcemia or genetic gain-of-function CASR activation has been lacking. Studies have shown that expression of the pore-blocking claudin-14 is strongly stimulated by the CASR in a dose-dependent manner. This stimulatory effect is abolished after renal Casr ablation in hypercalcemic mice, suggesting that claudin-14 abundance may gauge renal CASR activation. Using this marker has led to unexpected discoveries regarding renal CASR activation.
SUMMARY: These new studies have informed on renal CASR activation thresholds and the downstream CASR-regulated calcium transport mechanisms.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a glycerophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor containing an extract of white birch, having high safety and useful for the prevention and treatment of obesity. SOLUTION: White birch belonging to the genus Betula, family Betulaceae is extracted with water and/or an organic solvent and the extract is used as an active component. The extraction is carried out e.g. by extracting finely cut white birch chips with water, ethanol, etc., at refluxing temperature for 0.5-8hr or immersing the chips in water, ethanol, etc., at room temperature to 50 deg.C for 1-10 days. The inhibitor contains the active component in an amount of 0.3-15wt.% for oral administration and 0.01-10wt.% for parenteral administration. It is administered at a daily rate of 0.5-5,000mg for adult and 0.5-3,000mg for child in terms of the active component. The inhibitor may be compounded to a food in an amount of 0.001-15wt.%, preferably 0.01-10wt.% and used as a food composed mainly of cereal flour or starch such as bread, noodle, biscuit, hot cake or tablet candy, a dressing, a drink, etc.
Natural flavonoids exert many potential health benefits, including anti-hyperglycaemic effects. However, the effects of gossypetin (GTIN) on glucose homeostasis in pre-diabetes have not yet been investigated. This study examined the effects of GTIN on key markers of glucose homeostasis in a diet-induced pre-diabetic rat model. Pre-diabetes was induced by allowing the animals to feed on a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet supplemented with 15% fructose water for 20 weeks. Following pre-diabetes induction, the pre-diabetic animals were sub-divided into five groups (n = 6), where they were either orally treated with GTIN (15 mg/kg) or metformin (MET) (500 mg/kg), both with and without dietary intervention, over a 12-week period. The results demonstrated that animals in the untreated pre-diabetic (PD) control group exhibited significantly higher fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, as well as elevated plasma insulin concentrations and increased homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) index, relative to the non-pre-diabetic (NPD) group. Similarly, increased caloric intake, body weight and plasma ghrelin levels were observed in the PD control group. Notably, these parameters were significantly reduced in the PD animals receiving GTIN treatment. Additionally, glycogen levels in the liver and skeletal muscle, which were disturbed in the PD control group, showed significant improvement in both GTIN-treated groups. These findings may suggest that GTIN administration, with or without dietary modifications, may offer therapeutic benefits in ameliorating glucose homeostasis disturbances associated with the PD state.
PURPOSE:To obtain a pitch-black coloring agent or an aromatizing agent having a mellow aroma comprising an extract derived from the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides by treating a liquid prepared by extracting dry leaves of Eucommia ulmoides with hot water. CONSTITUTION:The leaves of Eucommia ulmoides picked before being shed are dried in air and water is added thereto to conduct extraction for, e.g. about 20min at 100 deg.C. The extraction residue is removed and washed with water several times in order to completely extract the ingredient. The extract is combined with the washings and passed through an adsorption column to allow the adsorbent to adsorb the ingredient contained in the solution, and a desorption solvent is passed through the column to desorb the ingredients from the adsorbent. An ion exchange resin can be used as the adsorbent. A dilute acid solution or a dilute alkali solution is used as the desorption solvent; a dilute alkali solution is desirable for obtaining a pitch-black extract, and a dilute acid solution is desirable for obtaining an aromatic extract. The eluate is concentrated. The extract thus obtained from the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides contains an ingredient having a mellow aroma and a pitch-black color characteristic of Eucommia ulmoides.