anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
An exo-polysaccharide derived from a Saccharomyces spp. strain is provided to enhance various activities of neutrophil, macrophage and lymphocyte, thereby being widely applied to an animal immunity-enhancing agent, a vaccine supplemental additive and an adjuvant therapeutic agent. An animal immunity enhancing agent comprises exo-polysaccharides extracted from a culture material of a Saccharomyces spp. strain. A method for preparing the exo-polysaccharides derived from the Saccharomyces spp. strain comprises the steps of: (a) after suspending pure colonies obtained by culturing the Saccharomyces spp. strain in sterile saline solution, inoculating 1 ml of the suspension into 1,000 ml of yeast malt broth and culturing it at a temperature of 28 deg.C for 72 hours; (b) after adding two times amount of distilled water into a culture material obtained from the step(a) and mixing it, boiling the mixture at a temperature of 100 deg.C for 1 hour and centrifuging the boiled mixture under 5,000xg for 30 minutes to collect supernatant therefrom; and (c) after adding two times amount of ethyl alcohol to the supernatant and mixing it, leaving a mixture in a cool chamber at a temperature of 4 deg.C for 2 days and collecting precipitated polysaccharides therefrom.
There is provided a medicine management system capable of checking a receipt status and a dosage stage of delivered medicines even at a delivery source. The medicine management system includes a management server for managing a receipt status and a dosage status of medicines to be delivered, a first terminal having a function of notifying the management server of information indicating receipt of medicines when the medicines have been received, a second terminal having a function of notifying the management server of information indicating dosage of medicines when the medicines have been taken, and a third terminal having a function of acquiring from the management server and displaying information on a receipt status and a dosage status of medicines. The medicines include packaged medicines which are packaged on a dose basis based on prescription information, and unique delivery identification information is given to the medicines for each delivery. The delivery identification information is indicated on a delivery article to be delivered together with the medicines. Unique medicine identification information is given to the packaged medicines on a package basis, and indicated on an individual packaging bag. The management server manages the medicine identification information in association with the delivery identification information and information extracted from the prescription information. The first terminal reads the delivery identification information indicated on the delivery article, and notifies the management server of information indicating the receipt. The second terminal reads the medicine identification information indicated on the packaging bag, and notifies the management server of information indicating the dosage of the medicines. The management server receives a notification of the information indicating the receipt from the first terminal to manage the receipt status of the medicines, and receives a notification of the information indicating the dosage from the second terminal to manage the dosage status of the medicines.
INTRODUCTION: The literature lacks a large-scale study investigating the effect of surgical fixation timing on early mortality and morbidity outcomes in distal femur fractures. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of fixation timing on in-hospital mortality and morbidity outcomes for operatively treated distal femur fractures retrospectively using large database data.
METHODS: This study is a retrospective analysis using data from the National Trauma Data Bank. Patients were stratified into a fragility cohort (age ≥ 60, ISS < 16) and polytrauma cohort (age < 60, ISS ≥16), with both cohorts analyzed separately. Within each cohort, patients were split into three fixation timing groups: within 24 h, between 24 and 48 h, and greater than 48 h from presentation to the hospital. Fixation-timing groups were compared based on the primary outcome of in-hospital mortality rate. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU length of stay (ICU LOS), days on a ventilator, and complications.
RESULTS: The fragility and polytrauma cohorts included 22,045 and 5,905 patients, respectively. The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.23 % in the fragility cohort and 2.56 % in the polytrauma cohort. Multivariate analysis of the fragility cohort showed that fixation greater than 48 h from time of presentation was associated with increased mortality compared to fixation within 24 h (OR 1.89, CI: 1.26-2.83, p=0.002) and between 24 and 48 h (OR 1.63, CI: 1.23-2.15, p<0.001). In the polytrauma cohort, multivariate analysis showed no significant mortality differences between fixation timing groups. Multivariate analysis of morbidity outcomes in both cohorts showed that fixation greater than 48 h was associated with increased LOS, ICU LOS, ventilator days, and complications compared to fixation within 24 h. In the polytrauma cohort, fixation between 24 and 48 h was associated with decreased LOS, ICU LOS, and complications compared to the other two timing groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Fixation of distal femur fractures before 48 h from presentation may lead to improved mortality and morbidity in older, lower injury severity patients. No significant mortality benefit was observed in younger, polytrauma fractures. Further prospective work is needed to validate these findings.
Catheter placement is most commonly performed via a freehand approach using external anatomical landmarks to help identify the location of the lateral ventricle within the brain without the aid of imaging. Proper identification of the ventricles on pre-procedure imaging, surgeon skill, and estimation of pathologic perturbations to the normal location of the ventricles all factor into the success of catheter placement. Multiple passes are often required. The accuracy rate from the freehand technique has been reported to range from 40 to 98 percent.
Individuals who meet the inclusion criteria will fill out the demographic data form after signing the informed consent form. Then, individuals' motor imagery abilities will be evaluated using HIA-3, mental rotation and mental stopwatch. After the evaluation, the individuals will be taken to a quiet and isolated room and the Polar H10 device will be placed on the chest area of the individuals to measure heart rate variations and (MP36 system and BİOPAC software) will be placed to measure the electrodermal activities of the individuals. Then, a motor imagery session will be held for individuals with a physiotherapist who is an expert in the field.
There have been postmarketing reports of acute kidney injury and worsening of chronic kidney failure, which may sometimes require hemodialysis in patients treated with liraglutide, one of the components of XULTOPHY 100/3.6 [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. Some of these events were reported in patients without known underlying kidney disease. A majority of the reported events occurred in patients who had experienced nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or dehydration. Some of the reported events occurred in patients receiving one or more medications known to affect renal function or hydration status. Altered kidney function has been reversed in many of the reported cases with supportive treatment and discontinuation of potentially causative agents, including liraglutide. Advise patients of the potential risk of dehydration due to gastrointestinal adverse reactions and take precautions to avoid fluid depletion.
OBJECTIVE: Retention of weight gained over pregnancy increases the risk of long-term obesity and related health concerns. While many risk factors for this postpartum weight retention have been examined, the role of mode of delivery in this relationship remains controversial. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of mode of delivery on postpartum weight retention.
METHODS: Ten electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan-Fang database, the VIP database and China Biology Medicine Database (CBM) were searched from inception through November 2022. Review Manager 5.4 was used to pool the study data and calculate effect sizes. For dichotomous data, the odds ratio and 95 % confidence interval were used to report the results. For continuous data, the mean difference (MD) and 95 % confidence interval were used to report the results. The outcomes were the amount of postpartum weight retention and the number or proportion of women who experienced postpartum weight retention. The Newcastle- Ottawa Scale (NOS) and GRADE Guidelines were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies.
FINDINGS: A total of 16 articles were included in the systematic review and 13 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the mode of delivery had a significant effect on postpartum weight retention, women who delivered by caesarean section were more likely to experience postpartum weight retention compared to those who delivered vaginally. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable and credible.
CONCLUSION: Due to the limitations of this study, the findings need to be treated with caution. And, to better prevent the postpartum weight retention, future practice and research need to further focus on upstream modifiable factors.
This study introduces a new imaging, spatial transcriptomics (ST), and single-cell RNA-sequencing integration pipeline to characterize neoplastic cell state transitions during tumorigenesis. We applied a semi-supervised analysis pipeline to examine premalignant pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) that can develop into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Their strict diagnosis on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples limited the single-cell characterization of human PanINs within their microenvironment. We leverage whole transcriptome FFPE ST to enable the study of a rare cohort of matched low-grade (LG) and high-grade (HG) PanIN lesions to track progression and map cellular phenotypes relative to single-cell PDAC datasets. We demonstrate that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), including antigen-presenting CAFs, are located close to PanINs. We further observed a transition from CAF-related inflammatory signaling to cellular proliferation during PanIN progression. We validate these findings with single-cell high-dimensional imaging proteomics and transcriptomics technologies. Altogether, our semi-supervised learning framework for spatial multi-omics has broad applicability across cancer types to decipher the spatiotemporal dynamics of carcinogenesis.
Previous work has shown that dietary treatments affect woody breast (WB) incidence differently, which indicates that gut conditions such as gut barrier function, inflammation, and oxidative stress are likely related to WB. In this study, dietary supplementation with antibiotics (bacitracin) or probiotics (Bacillus subtilis) was investigated for their effects on the expression of transcripts related to gut barrier function, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the mucus lining of the jejunum from broilers with or without WB. A split-plot experimental design was used in this study. The dietary treatments served as the main plot factor and the breast muscle condition was the subplot factor. On d 41, jejunum mucus was collected from 1 bird from each of 3 replicate pens in each 3 dietary treatment groups that exhibited WB and an additional bird that contained a normal breast (3 biological replicates/treatment/phenotype; 3 × 3 × 2, total N = 18). Total RNA was extracted using a commercial RNA extraction kit. The expression levels of CLDN1, MUC6, TLR2A, TLR2B, TLR4, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-8L1, IL-10, NOS2, and SOD were determined using 2-step RT-qPCR analysis. The gene expression difference in ΔCt values was determined after normalizing with the chicken 18S rRNA gene. When the significant differences occurred between treatments, the relative fold change was calculated using the ΔΔCt method and the significance level was calculated. The PROC GLM procedure of SAS 9.4 was used, and the level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. There were no significant interactive effects between diet and the breast muscle condition on the expression of any of the genes tested. However, birds with WB exhibited higher MUC6 (P < 0.0001) gene expression levels than birds with normal breast muscles. In addition, the expression of SOD decreased in birds that were fed the antibiotic diet when compared to birds that were fed the probiotic diet (P = 0.014). In conclusion, WB identified in broilers tested in the current study is attributed to increased expression of mucin, indicating a correlation between WB incidence and gel-forming mucin secretion and pathogen signaling.
BACKGROUND: Functional neurological disorder (FND) is characterised by neurological symptoms, such as seizures and abnormal movements. Despite its significance to patients, the clinical features of chronic pain in people with FND, and of FND in people with chronic pain, have not been comprehensively studied.
METHODS: We systematically reviewed PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO for studies of chronic pain in adults with FND and FND in patients with chronic pain. We described the proportions of patients reporting pain, pain rating and timing, pain-related diagnoses and responsiveness to treatment. We performed random effects meta-analyses of the proportions of patients with FND who reported pain or were diagnosed with pain-related disorders.
RESULTS: Seven hundred and fifteen articles were screened and 64 were included in the analysis. Eight case-control studies of 3476 patients described pain symptoms in a higher proportion of patients with FND than controls with other neurological disorders. A random effects model of 30 cohorts found that an estimated 55% (95% CI 46% to 64%) of 4272 patients with FND reported pain. Random effects models estimated diagnoses of complex regional pain syndrome in 22% (95% CI 6% to 39%) of patients, irritable bowel syndrome in 16% (95% CI 9% to 24%) and fibromyalgia in 10% (95% CI 8% to 13%). Five studies of FND diagnoses among 361 patients with chronic pain were identified. Most interventions for FND did not ameliorate pain, even when other symptoms improved.
CONCLUSIONS: Pain symptoms and pain-related diagnoses are common in FND. Classification systems and treatments should routinely consider pain as a comorbidity in patients with FND.
Rationale: Leveraging existing wearable technology has the ability to scale routine screening strategies across large populations and can facilitate ambulatory care. In recent years, wearable technology has rapidly diffused into consumer markets and provides unique opportunities to engage individuals on health issues of personal interest, and to collect personal health data. One example of such technology is the ability to perform electrocardiogram (ECG) type traces on wearable devices. However, utilization of this data source to improve patient outcomes has not been fully realized in the health care field. An app-based heart ECG algorithm that can be remotely analysed for QTc prolongation with potential to then notify the user of such potential irregularities could lead to widespread screening, detection and initiation of treatment solutions (i.e. correction of electrolytes, alteration of exacerbating medications, cardiac monitoring etc).

Trial Design: This will be a prospective, single arm, experimental, non-significant risk study conducted with the assistance of eligible participants. Parents or mature minors will download the Beat to Beat app, once consented.

Once consented the wearable device will be paired to the parent/guardians phone following the steps provided by the wearable device app. Once the device is paired and the study coordinator has assisted with the download of 'Beat to Beat' app, the patients will then be able to commence the ECG readings. A 12 lead ECG will be performed by the study team and immediately following this, an ECG will be recorded on the wearable device. The wearable device will be placed on the left wrist for a Lead I reading, on the left lower abdomen for a Lead II reading and in the fourth intercostal space left parasternal for a chest V2 Lead reading. Recording of the 12 lead ECG and wearable device ECG will be repeated again 4 days later. Once both timepoints (and two device recordings for each time period) have been completed the ECGs will be retrieved from the Beat to Beat app. Both the 12 lead and wearable device ECG will be de-identified and given a patient identifier before being uploaded into the REDCap database.
Elderly depression is a neglected problem affecting our entire society with grave consequences and high societal costs. Early intervention and prevention can be effective in addressing the problem. The challenges in implementing early intervention and prevention within the existing service platforms, however, are threefold: (1) fragmented services; (2) reactive services; and (3) stigma and low awareness. These challenges resulted in the current service overload and mismatch, which will be compounded by rapid population ageing and mental health workforce shrinkage. The study can address these challenges by (1) realigning existing mental health and elderly services; (2) productive ageing for outreach and engagement; and (3) building up capacity of a preventive network in the neighbourhood. This pilot project therefore combines models of collaborative stepped care and productive ageing, with systematic education programmes, to empower the neighbourhood in providing effective early intervention and prevention for elderly depression. In the four representative pilot districts of Kwun Tong, Sham Shui Po, Kwai Chung, and Tseung Kwan O, community mental health and elderly services will collaborate to deliver a stepped care service protocol for preventing and detecting elderly depression. In 3 years, this project will deliver six programmes: (1) social services staff training; (2) peer supporters certificate training; (3) outreach and engagement activities for at-risk older adults; (4) standardized prevention and early intervention service; (5) community education programmes; and (6) public awareness and public education activities. This will produce a mature service model tested in one-fifth of the districts in Hong Kong with different demographic and service characteristics; create a strong team of Peer Supporters and Social Workers in Elderly Mental Health with clinical competence in preventing elderly depression and promoting elderly mental wellness; significantly raise public and neighbourhood awareness and care for elderly mental wellness; reach out and serve 2,880 at-risk older adults and 960 depressed older adults; and provide evidence on the social impact of the model for further service rollout.
The most frequently occurring early side effects are ataxia and vertigo. These tend to disappear with continued therapy, or with reduction of initial dosage. Occasionally, the following have been reported: nausea, anorexia, vomiting, fatigue, hyperirritability, emotional disturbances, sexual impotency, diplopia, nystagmus, drowsiness, and morbilliform skin eruptions. Granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and red-cell hypoplasia and aplasia, have been reported rarely. These and, occasionally, other persistent or severe side effects may necessitate withdrawal of the drug. Megaloblastic anemia may occur as a rare idiosyncrasy to primidone and to other anticonvulsants. The anemia responds to folic acid without necessity of discontinuing medication.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Carnegie Pharmaceuticals LLC at 1-732-783-7010 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a health problem in developing countries. Pulmonary involvement remains the most common clinical presentation. However, multiorgan involvement can be life-threatening. We present the case of a young woman on peritoneal dialysis who was admitted to hospitalisation for hypercalcaemia and low back pain. In his biochemical evaluation, suppressed intact parthyroid hormone (iPTH) and elevated 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D were detected. On a lumbar CT scan, a hypodense lesion in vertebral bodies compatible with Pott's disease was found. Positive cultures for Mycobacterium bovis were obtained in bronchoalveolar lavage and peritoneal fluid, for which specific treatment was initiated. Due to neurological deterioration, a CT scan was performed showing the presence of multiple tuberculomas. Retrospectively, the lack of an etiological diagnosis of chronic kidney disease, the initiation of dialysis 8 months before and the clear evidence of long-standing TB strongly suggest mycobacterium infection as the cause or trigger for the rapid decline in kidney function.
BACKGROUND: Diabetes insipidus is a syndrome characterized by polyuria, which is almost always associated with polydipsia. The most frequent cause is central diabetes insipidus, which is the result of an inadequate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone, and diagnosis involves differentiating it from other causes of polyuria and polydipsia.
CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we present a clinical case of a previously healthy 13-year-old Nepali boy, who, in December 2022, was found to have intense polydipsia accompanied by polyuria. He had bilateral lower limb weakness at the time of presentation. Biochemical evaluation demonstrated raised serum sodium (181 mEq/L), serum creatinine (78 μmol/L), and serum uric acid (560 μmol/L) with suppressed serum potassium (2.7 mEq/L), which was the major concern to the clinicians. Further laboratory workup revealed an increased serum osmolarity (393.6 mOsm/kg) with reduced urine osmolarity (222.7 mOsm/kg). On contrast magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, a thick-walled third ventricular cyst with bilateral foramen obstruction, thin membrane-like structure at top of aqueduct of Sylvius with gross obstructive hydrocephalus (inactive), and compressed and thinned pituitary gland with no bright spot was observed. The laboratory findings, radiological findings, and case presentation provided the provisional diagnosis of diabetes insipidus due to hydrocephalus and third ventricular cyst.
CONCLUSIONS: Central diabetes insipidus due to hydrocephalus, though rare, can have serious complications including the predilection to develop a deficit of other pituitary hormones. Thus, even if hydrocephalus is dormant with normal intracranial pressure, it must be addressed during investigations of central diabetes insipidus.
Diarrhoeal disease caused by Cryptosporidium is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young and malnourished children from low- and middle-income countries, with no vaccine or effective treatment. Here we describe the discovery of EDI048, a Cryptosporidium PI(4)K inhibitor, designed to be active at the infection site in the gastrointestinal tract and undergo rapid metabolism in the liver. By using mutational analysis and crystal structure, we show that EDI048 binds to highly conserved amino acid residues in the ATP-binding site. EDI048 is orally efficacious in an immunocompromised mouse model despite negligible circulating concentrations, thus demonstrating that gastrointestinal exposure is necessary and sufficient for efficacy. In neonatal calves, a clinical model of cryptosporidiosis, EDI048 treatment resulted in rapid resolution of diarrhoea and significant reduction in faecal oocyst shedding. Safety and pharmacological studies demonstrated predictable metabolism and low systemic exposure of EDI048, providing a substantial safety margin required for a paediatric indication. EDI048 is a promising clinical candidate for the treatment of life-threatening paediatric cryptosporidiosis.