anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Nateglinide, USP is an oral blood glucose-lowering drug of the glinide class. Nateglinide, USP (-)-N-[(trans-4-isopropylcyclohexane)carbonyl]-D-phenylalanine, is structurally unrelated to the oral sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues.

The structural formula is as shown:

Nateglinide is a white or almost white powder with a molecular weight of 317.42. It is freely soluble in methanol, methylene chloride and in alcohol, soluble in ether, sparingly soluble in acetonitrile and in octanol, practically insoluble in water. Nateglinide tablets contain 60 mg, or 120mg, of nateglinide for oral administration.

Inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose, mannitol, iron oxide (yellow and red), polyethylene glycol, povidone, pre-gelatinized starch, sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium starch glycolate, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc and titanium dioxide.

Film-coating material contains opadry pink and opadry yellow for the 60 mg and 120 mg. Opadry pink contains hypromellose, iron oxide red, macrogol and titanium dioxide. Opadry yellow contains hypromellose, iron oxides (yellow and red), macrogol, titanium dioxide, and talc.
Placebo rerandomized to 2 mg Baricitinib administered orally once daily in combination with topical corticosteroids. Placebo administered orally to maintain the blind.
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder affecting around 10% of reproductive-age women. Although many hypotheses were proposed, genetic alteration has been considered as one of the key factors promoting pathogenesis. Due to racial/ethnic disparities in the process of hormone regulation and nutrition metabolism, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 2794 cases and 27,940 controls was conducted in a Taiwanese-Han population. Our study identified five significant susceptibility loci for endometriosis, and three of them, WNT4 (on the 1p36.12), RMND1 (6q25.1), and CCDC170 (6q25.1), have been previously associated with endometriosis across different populations, including European and Japanese descent cohorts. Other two including C5orf66/C5orf66-AS2 (5q31.1) and STN1 (10q24.33) are newly identified ones. Functional network analysis of potent risk genes revealed the involvement of cancer susceptibility and neurodevelopmental disorders in endometriosis development. In addition, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) C5orf66 and C5orf66-AS2 can interact with many RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) which can influence RNA metabolic process, mRNA stabilization, and mRNA splicing, leading to dysregulation in tumor-promoting gene expression. Those findings support clinical observations of differences in the presentation of endometriosis in Taiwanese-Han population with higher risks of developing deeply infiltrating/invasive lesions and the associated malignancies.
Intervention chewing gum Each subject will be instructed to chew 1 or 2 pellets for 5 min 3 times a day (2 in the morning, 2 after the midday meal and 1 in the afternoon). Thus, the total daily intake of magnolol and honokiol in MX group will be 11.9 mg/day. The daily use of the two different chewing gums will be carried out for 12 months.
Anxiety disorders are the most common form of pediatric psychopathology, affecting 5 - 20% of children and adolescents. Despite therapeutic advances, treatment-resistance remains high, and progress towards early detection of at-risk populations and more effective treatments has stalled. Although some anxiety disorders are transient, recent studies suggest that pediatric anxiety disorders commonly persist into adulthood. Because anxiety disorders are costly and debilitating conditions that are very often associated with other severe psychopathology such as substance abuse, depression and suicidality, there is an imperative need to identify risk and resilience factors that moderate pediatric anxiety and improve treatment.

Fear conditioning and resistance to extinction are two domains that have been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Indeed, one of the most effective treatment for pediatric and adult anxiety disorders, exposure therapy, relies profoundly on extinction learning. The proposed research plan will investigate the neural correlates of aberrant fear conditioning and extinction processes in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders.

The proposed research aims to isolate brain-based information-processing mechanisms implicated in perturbed fear learning and extinction characteristic of pediatric anxiety. A fMRI study using a novel age-appropriate fear conditioning-extinction paradigm are proposed. The study will delineate perturbed psychological and psychophysiological response to fear conditioning and isolate neuro-cognitive mechanisms mediating extinction recall in anxious and non-anxious children. Three weeks after completing fear conditioning and extinction task in the psychophysiology lab, participants will return to complete an fMRI extinction-recall task quantifying responses to extinguished CS blends. Two major hypotheses will be examined: a) anxious children will exhibit perturbations during extinction as measured by psychophysiology indexes and self-reported fear compared to non-anxious children; b) less activation in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is expected in anxious, relative to healthy, children during extinction-recall. Furthermore, the study will focus on the therapeutic relevance of dysfunction in fear learning and extinction for treatment by examining the associations between vmPFC function and response to exposure intervention in anxious children. Lower levels of vmPFC activation prior to exposure therapy and larger pre-to-post-treatment changes in vmPFC activity are expected to be associated with better response to exposure therapy.
Hybridoma cell line DSM ACC2842 is new. Independent claims are also included for: (1) monoclonal antibody (I) produced by the hybridoma cell line; (2) conjugate comprising (I) bound to a cytotoxic component or a label; (3) diagnosing melanoma by contacting a sample with (I) and detecting and optionally quantifying any antigen-antibody binding; (4) determining the concentration or presence of cancer cells in vitro by exposing a test sample with labeled (I) and determining the extent of binding by detecting the label. ACTIVITY : Cytostatic. Mice were inoculated with 518A2 melanoma cells and treated intravenously three times a week with (I) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Tumor growth started between days 6 and 17. The tumors in the group treated with (I) remained in a stable state during treatment, while the tumors in the control group expanded. MECHANISM OF ACTION : Immunotherapy.
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a widespread disease with a complicated heterogenous pathophysiology. Increased intestinal permeability i.e., leaky gut has been linked to the pathology of many diseases. Zonulin was recently used as a marker for leaky guts. This study aimed to assess the relation between serum zonulin level and CSU and its possible relationship with disease activity. This was a comparative cross-sectional study, which included 97 CSU adult patients and 87 apparently healthy controls. CSU patients had significant lower zonulin level than controls (p < 0.001). The median of serum zonulin level was equal to 2.93 ng/ml with interquartile range (IQR) (1.40-4.19) in the CSU group and of 3.92 ng/ml with IQR (2.97-4.69) in the control group. We found a positive correlation between serum zonulin and C-reactive protein with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.2, (p=0.04). No significant correlation was found between serum zonulin level and urticaria activity score 7 or total immunoglobulin E level. In conclusion, this study found that serum zonulin level is lower in CSU patients than in controls which could be attributed to food restriction, severity of the CSU disease and/or drug intake in the CSU cases.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large-vessel occlusion (LVO), the relationship between cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) as the hallmark of the ischemic penumbra and leptomeningeal collateral supply is not well established. We aimed to investigate the relationship between pial collateralization and tissue oxygen extraction in patients with LVO using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
METHODS: Data from 14 patients with anterior circulation LVO who underwent MRI before acute stroke treatment were analyzed. In addition to diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), the protocol comprised sequences for multiparametric quantitative blood-oxygen-level-dependent imaging for the calculation of relative OEF (rOEF). Pial collateral supply was quantitatively assessed by analyzing the signal variance in T2*-weighted PWI time series. Relationships between collateral supply, infarct volume, rOEF in peri-infarct hypoperfused tissue, and clinical stroke severity were assessed.
RESULTS: The PWI-based parameter quantifying collateral supply was negatively correlated with baseline ischemic core volume and rOEF in the hypoperfused peri-infarct area (p < .01). Both reduced collateral supply and increased rOEF correlated significantly with higher scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (p < .05). Increased rOEF within hypoperfused tissue was associated with higher baseline (p = .043) and follow-up infarct volume (p = .009).
CONCLUSIONS: Signal variance-based mapping of collaterals with PWI depicts pial collateral supply, which is closely tied to tissue pathophysiology and clinical and imaging outcomes. Magnetic-resonance-derived mapping of cerebral rOEF reveals penumbral characteristics of hypoperfused tissue and might provide a promising imaging biomarker in AIS.
Methods: The research will be carried out with 78 patients who underwent partial hip replacement. Patients were assigned to study (abdominal massage) and control groups by randomization. Abdominal massage will be applied to the patients at least 30 minutes after the morning and evening meals (08:30 in the morning, 20:30 in the evening) for 15 minutes, similar to the literature. Patients' data will be collected 15 minutes before and after the application of abdominal massage. Within the scope of the patient's data, information on pulmonary function test values, intra-abdominal pressure value and excretory activities will be collected. Abdominal massage will start in the evening of the day the patient is transferred to the clinic (20:30), and will be terminated when the patient defecates. No treatment will be applied to the patients in the control group. The data recorded before and after the abdominal massage in the study group will be recorded in the Excretory Activity Form and the Pulmonary Function Test Form as a result of the measurements made at the same time in the control group.
Oncogenic KRAS mutations are well-described functionally and are known to drive tumorigenesis. Recent reports describe a significant prevalence of KRAS allelic imbalances or gene dosage changes in human cancers, including loss of the wild-type allele in KRAS mutant cancers. However, the role of wild-type KRAS in tumorigenesis and therapeutic response remains elusive. We report an in vivo murine model of colorectal cancer featuring deletion of wild-type Kras in the context of oncogenic Kras. Deletion of wild-type Kras exacerbates oncogenic KRAS signalling through MAPK and thus drives tumour initiation. Absence of wild-type Kras potentiates the oncogenic effect of KRASG12D, while incidentally inducing sensitivity to inhibition of MEK1/2. Importantly, loss of the wild-type allele in aggressive models of KRASG12D-driven CRC significantly alters tumour progression, and suppresses metastasis through modulation of the immune microenvironment. This study highlights the critical role for wild-type Kras upon tumour initiation, progression and therapeutic response in Kras mutant CRC.
NEW MATERIAL:A pseudomonic acid derivative of formula I: (R is H, 1-6C alkyl, or aryl group; X is O or S). EXAMPLE:1-Pseudomonic acid 4-phenyl-thiosemicarbazide. USE:Remedies for infectious diseases of men and animals by bacteria, having powerful antibacterial ability against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes or Streptococcus pneumoniae, effective against penicillin- or macrolide-resistant bacteria. PROCESS:An inorganic salt (sodium salt) or organic salt (triethylamine salt) of pseudomonic acid is reacted with a monoalkyl carbonate, e.g. ethyl carbonate, or an organic halide, e.g. isovaleryl chloride, to form a mixed acid anhydride, which is reacted with a compound of formula II to give the compound of formula I.
Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a rare histologic subtype of bladder cancer that is associated with an aggressive clinical behavior. We analyzed the clinicopathologic and molecular features of plasmacytoid UC in 52 patients from a single institute. The patients included 44 men and 8 women, with a mean age of 64 years (range, 41-91 years). All bladder cancers were high-grade UC, and plasmacytoid component accounted for a mean of 47% of bladder tumors (range, 5-100%). Distinct gene mutations were found in most plasmacytoid UCs (n = 49); the most common mutations were TP53 (n = 30), followed by TERT (n = 20), and CDH1 (n = 18). Copy number analysis was performed in 34 patients, and 13 of them showed copy number variations. Expression of HER2 was analyzed in 18 patients by immunohistochemistry, and 3 of them showed HER2 overexpression, which was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Thirty-two patients died of disease in a median of 15 months (range, 1-45 months). No individual gene mutations were significantly associated with clinical outcome, but mutations in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, including PICK3CA and PIK3R1 mutations, were associated with a significantly shorter survival duration (p < 0.05). Plasmacytoid UC is an aggressive histologic subtype that demonstrates frequent somatic gene mutations and CNVs, which may underlie its oncogenesis and progression. Gene mutations of the mTOR pathway are associated with poor outcome in a subset of patients with plasmacytoid UC.
PURPOSE:To obtain the titled drug preparation by properly compounding an acid having low molecular weight, a polyanionic polymer and an enteric polymer. CONSTITUTION:A drug preparation for oral administration can be produced by compounding the compound of formula with one or more components selected from an acid having low molecular weight (e.g. phosphoric acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, etc.), a polyanionic polymer (e.g. alginic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, etc.) and an enteric polymer (e.g. ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer). Each component to be compounded is preferably solid at normal temperature from the viewpoint of drug preparation. Since the above components are unstable when directly contacted with each other, it is preferable to produce the drug in separated state. The compounding of a polyanionic polymer and an enteric polymer is excluded from the above composition. Since the compound of formula is unstable under an extremely low acidic condition, it is preferably coated with an enteric polymer acting as an absorbefacient.
A cross-sectional study was designed and carried out at a university hospital in Norway. The study was developed by a collegium at a nursing bachelor education program in a multidisciplinary collaboration with representatives from the university hospital and other experts. Data on nutritional risk and nutritional care practices of elderly patients were collected by 173 second year nursing students at the university college in question who were undergoing their acute and clinical care practice studies on 20 wards at the university hospital. Nine nutritional screening days were conducted in the academic years 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. On the screening days the students filled in the questionnaire for each patient, including questions about age, gender, length of hospital stay, normal weight in recent months, weight, height, BMI, nutritional risk and nutritional care practices. The students measured weight and height whenever possible, and screened the patients for nutritional risk. Data were collected by using a stratified sampling technique along with adequate power calculations to improve the representativeness of the sample. The researchers received anonymously completed questionnaires and screening forms from the students and never met the patients.
HIV subjects will receive open-label darunavir 800 mg in combination with ritonavir 100 mg tablets and fixed-dose combination viread + emtricitabine (Truvada®) to be taken once daily without regard to food. Subjects will undergo upper endoscopy, CT cardiac angiogram, intimal-medial thickening, and peripheral blood collection before and after 12 months of ART.
BACKGROUND: Recent interest in the Non-High Density to High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ratio (NHHR) has emerged due to its potential role in metabolic disorders. However, the connection between NHHR and the development of kidney stones still lacks clarity. The primary goal of this research is to explore how NHHR correlates with kidney stone incidence.
METHODS: An analysis was conducted on the data collected by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007 and 2018, focusing on adults over 20 years diagnosed with kidney stones and those with available NHHR values. Employing weighted logistic regression and Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) models, NHHR levels' correlation with kidney stone risk was examined. Extensive subgroup analyses were conducted for enhanced reliability of the findings.
RESULTS: The findings indicate a heightened kidney stone risk for those at the highest NHHR levels relative to those at the lowest (reference group). A notable non-linear correlation of NHHR with kidney stone incidence has been observed, with a significant P-value (< 0.001), consistent across various subgroups.
CONCLUSION: A clear link exists between high NHHR levels and increased kidney stone risk in the American adult population. This study highlights NHHR's significance as a potential indicator in kidney stone formation.
Tetrandrine (Tet), a well-known drug of calcium channel blocker, has been broadly applied for anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenetic therapy. However, due to the functional diversity of ubiquitous calcium channels, potential side-effects may be expected. Our previous report revealed an inhibitory effect of Tet on myogenesis of skeletal muscle. Here, we found that Tet induced protein degradation resulting in the myofibril atrophy. Upon administration with a relative high dose (40 mg/kg) of Tet for 28 days, the mice displayed significantly reduced muscle mass, strength force, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein levels. The MyHC reduction was further detected in C2C12 myotubes after treating with Tet. Interestingly, the expression of Atrogin-1 and Murf-1, the skeletal muscle specific E3 ligases of protein ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), was accordingly up-regulated, and the reduced MyHC was significantly mitigated by MG132, a 26S proteasome inhibitor, indicating a key role of UPS in the protein degradation of muscle cells. Further study showed that Tet induced autophagy also participated in the protein degradation. Mechanistically, Tet treatment caused ROS production in myotubes that in turn targeted on FoxO3/AKT signaling, resulting in the activation of UPS and autophagy processes that were involved in the protein degradation. Our study reveals a potential side-effect of Tet on skeletal muscle atrophy, particularly when the drug dose is relatively high.
Fluticasone propionate/Salmeterol combination administered at 2 doses (250/50 mcg and 100/50 mcg) and delivered in a capsule-based inhaler (Rotahaler). Devices with varying airflow resistance, low, intermediate and high, will be used.
Interscalene catheters will be placed under aseptic precautions in each patient by one of the investigators using combined peripheral nerve stimulation and ultrasound guidance to get twitch in the C5-C6 dermatomes and documented spread of injectate near C5-6 nerve roots. Twenty mL of 0.2% ropivacaine will be injected while documenting adequate drug spread under ultrasound. After 20 min of injection, the interscalene nerve block will be evaluated and considered successful with inability to abduct the shoulder and a decrease in perceived sensation to cold of the skin over the deltoid muscle.
Disentangling the factors that foster the tolerance to water stress in plants could provide great benefits to crop productions. In a two-year experiment, two new PIWI (fungus resistant) grapevine varieties, namely Merlot Kanthus and Sauvignon Kretos (Vitis hybrids), grown in the field, were subjected to two different water regimes: weekly irrigated (IR) or not irrigated (NIR) for two months during the summer. The two varieties exhibited large differences in terms of performance under water-limiting conditions. In particular, Merlot Kanthus strongly decreased stem water potential (Ψs) under water shortage and Sauvignon Kretos maintained higher Ψs values accompanied by generally high stomatal conductance and net carbon assimilation, regardless of the treatment. We hypothesized differences in the hormonal profile that mediate most of the plant responses to stresses or in the regulation of the aquaporins that control the water transport in the leaves. In general, substantial differences were found in the abundance of different hormonal classes, with Merlot Kanthus reporting higher concentrations of cytokinins while Sauvignon Kretos higher concentrations of auxins, jasmonate and salicylic acid. Interestingly, under water stress conditions ABA modulation appeared similar between the two cultivars, while other hormones were differently modulated between the two varieties. Regarding the expression of aquaporin encoding genes, Merlot Kanthus showed a significant downregulation of VvPIP2;1 and VvTIP2;1 in leaves exposed to water stress. Both genes have probably a role in influencing leaf conductance, and VvTIP2;1 has been correlated with stomatal conductance values. This evidence suggests that the two PIWI varieties are characterized by different behaviour in response to drought. Furthermore, the findings of the study may be generalized, suggesting the involvement of a complex hormonal cross-talk and aquaporins in effectively influencing plant performance under water shortage.
The invention generally relates to sonodynamic therapy using microbubble-sonosensitiser complexes and, more specifically, to such therapy for the treatment of deeply-sited tumours and associated metastatic disease. In particular, the invention relates to a combination therapy in which sonodynamic treatment of deeply-sited tumours with microbubble-sonosensitiser complexes is combined with treatment using immune checkpoint inhibitors. It further relates to methods of sonodynamic therapy in which a sonodynamic-induced abscopal response modulates a systemic regression of metastatic disease. In such methods the abscopal response may be further enhanced by co-administration of an immune checkpoint inhibitor. The invention is particularly suitable for the treatment of pancreatic cancer (e.g. pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) and associated metastasis.