anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In patients with SPMS, there is ongoing slow and continuous loss of nerve cells, which causes damage to the brain and spinal cord. This ultimately becomes noticeable as slowly and continuously worsening disability. While the cause of this ongoing damage is unknown, it appears that at least part of the damage may be caused by cells in the brain called "microglia" (a type of immune cell that resides in the brain and spinal cord). These microglial cells can have beneficial roles, for instance when they clear away debris, but they can also cause damage to brain cells. In SPMS, microglial cells are often found to be in a state of activation, and it is currently believed that this constant activation of microglial cells is likely an important cause of the ongoing damage to brain cells. Another harmful process affecting patients with SPMS is "oxidative stress". Oxidative stress occurs when immune cells in the brain and spinal cord are activated and produce substances that may damage nerve cells. Current treatments for MS mostly are meant to prevent relapses and are beneficial in relapsing-remitting MS, but so far there are no treatments that benefit people with SPMS who do not experience relapses. Better therapies are needed for SPMS, and it is believed that treatments that reduce the activation of microglial cells and oxidative stress may be useful.

The medication Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) reduces the activity of human microglia in laboratory experiments. Animal experiments also showed that treatment with HCQ reduces disease severity in an animal model of MS. HCQ, therefore, may also reduce the activity of microglia in people with SPMS, and hopefully prevent or slow down the progression of disability in SPMS. HCQ is currently approved in Canada to treat malaria and rheumatic diseases Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). HCQ is available as a tablet that is usually taken two times per day. Doses up to 600mg per are used in clinical practice, but it is estimated that a dose of only 400mg daily, given as two doses of 200mg, will be sufficient to decrease the activity of microglia in patients with SPMS. HCQ is usually well tolerated.

Indapamide (IND) is a medication to treat high blood pressure that can reduce oxidative stress and improve the survival of nerve cells in laboratory studies. IND is currently approved to treat high blood pressure. IND is available in tablet form and is usually taken once a day, the most typical dose is 2.5mg. It is estimated that a dose of 2.5mg per day will be sufficient to treat oxidative stress in SPMS. IND is usually well tolerated.

Following a MinMax Simon-2-stage design, the study will require 35 patients with a complete 18 month follow-up. Presuming 20% drop-out, the investigators anticipate recruiting up to 42 patients. The trial will be conducted as follows: patients will continuously enter into the study until 35 patients have completed 18 months of follow-up with at least 75% adherence which will be measured by study drug count.
Before surgery participants will receive pembrolizumab 200 mg, paclitaxel 175 mg/m\^2, carboplatin Area Under the Curve (AUC) 5 to 6, (or docetaxel 75 mg/m\^2), and MK-4830 800 mg by intravenous (IV) infusion on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle (Q3W) for 3 cycles. After surgery participants will receive pembrolizumab 200 mg, paclitaxel 175 mg/m\^2, carboplatin AUC 5 to 6, (or docetaxel 75 mg/m\^2), MK-4830 800 mg, and avastin (or biosimilar) by IV infusion on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle (Q3W) for 3 cycles.
The invention relates to a medicine composition composed of 0.1-100mg of one of statin lipid regulation medicines, 0.1-5mg of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The invention also provides an application of the medicine composition in preparing medicines used for treating diseases related to hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia. The composition provided by the invention has the advantages that: with the medicine composition, statin lipid-regulation medicine treatment effect can be improved. The effect is substantially better than other independent-use statin lipid-regulation medicines in the respect of reducing side effects such as transaminase elevation and myopathy caused by long-term and/or large-dose applications of statin medicines, and toxicity is not increased. Also, the composition is more convenient to take. With the composition, medical cost is reduced, and patient compliance is improved.
Recent research suggests that microbial molecules translocated from the intestinal lumen into the host's internal environment may play a role in various physiological functions, including sleep. Previously, we identified that butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by intestinal bacteria, and lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component of gram-positive bacteria, induce sleep when their naturally occurring translocation is mimicked by direct delivery into the portal vein. Building upon these findings, we aimed to explore the sleep signaling potential of intraportally administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a primary component of gram-negative bacterial cell walls, in rats. Low dose of LPS (1 μg/kg) increased sleep duration and prolonged fever, without affecting systemic LPS levels. Interestingly, administering LPS systemically outside the portal region at a dose 20 times higher did not affect sleep, indicating a localized sensitivity within the hepatoportal region for the sleep and febrile effects of LPS. Furthermore, both the sleep- and fever-inducing effects of LPS were inhibited by indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, and replicated by intraportal administration of prostaglandin E2 or arachidonic acid, suggesting the involvement of the prostaglandin system in mediating these actions.
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent health issue that can have detrimental effects on the quality of life (QoL) of children. Nevertheless, with adequate management and support, many children with CKD can have satisfying lives. The study aimed to investigate the effect of muscle stretching and isometric exercises on QoL of children undergoing hemodialysis.
METHODS: Sixty-eight children aged 6-18 years with kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis at Assiut University Children Hospital were included. They were randomly assigned to two groups. The study group received a 40-min exercise program three times per week for 2 months, while the control group received routine hospital care. For outcome measures, two tools were used: a simple questionnaire sheet for personal and medical data and PedsQL™ scale.
RESULTS: After 2 months of exercise, it was shown that most children in the study group (66.7%) had good QoL, in contrast to only 3.3% in the control group, with a highly statistically significant variation between the two examined groups pertaining to the health-related QoL scale (P value = 0.001) after exercise.
CONCLUSION: The intensity of care for children on hemodialysis has a distinguished impact upon their quality of life. The implementation of muscle stretching and isometric exercises during hemodialysis represents an important aspect of such care that may be associated with significant improvement in all domains of QoL. Children undergoing hemodialysis need well-organized programs that cover all physical and psychological aspects with smart time manipulation and increased attention from their staff.
NEW MATERIAL:(-)-5-{(2R)-2-[2-(5-Fluoro-2-methoxypheoxy)-1- methylethylamio]propyl}-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide shown by formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. USE:A drug. A remedy for cardiovascular diseases and peripheral blood vessel disorder or a remedy for dysuria. Having excellent sympathetic nerve alpha-acceptor blocking action. A dose is 1-10mg/adult/day calculated as an amount of active ingredient and administered. PREPARATION:For example, an amine compound shown by formula II is condensed with a ketone compound shown by formula III in a solvent such as methanol at room temperature at a reflux temperature of the solvent used and then catalytically reduced in the presence of a metal catalyst such as Pd/C under normal pressure or under pressure or treated with a reducing agent such as NaBH4 to give a compound shown by formula I.
Patients are shown two groups of cards on the last day of radiation treatment. Group A lists 48 physical side effects and group B lists 27 psychosocial side effects. The cards are shuffled and patients view one card at a time and select the side effects they attribute to their current treatment. Patients rank the selected cards from each group by order of severity. The top 5 cards from each group are then shuffled together and patients rank the remaining 10 cards in order of severity.
Based on findings from animals and mechanism of action, TRUQAP can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. In an animal reproduction study, oral administration of capivasertib to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis caused adverse developmental outcomes, including embryo-fetal mortality, and reduced fetal weights at maternal exposures 0.7 times the human exposure (AUC) at the recommended dosage of 400 mg twice daily. 

Advise pregnant women and females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with TRUQAP and for 1 month after the last dose. Advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with TRUQAP and for 4 months after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3)]. 

TRUQAP is used in combination with fulvestrant. Refer to the Full Prescribing Information of fulvestrant for pregnancy and contraception information.
This invention provides a preparing method of the Pudilan antiphlogistic granules, that is: crush the scutellariae into fine powder, screen the powder with a 120 mesh. Use 60% ethanol that of 10 times of its volume to distill the left crushed scutellariae for two times, then condense it into thick cream with its density of 1.20-1,25 degree. Use water of 10 times of its volume to decoct the dandelion and corydalis for two times. Use water of 10 times of its volume to boil the isatidis root, use warm water to have it immersed for two times. Then put all the above three boiled water of the dandelion, corydalis and isatidis root together, condense the mixed water into thick cream with its density of 1.20-1,25 degree, Then mix it with the condensed scutellariae-ethanol cream, the crushed scutellariae powder and 570 grams of sugar and facture them into granules with the percent by weight of 1000. The preparing method of this invention has been verified through precised and scientific researches and experiments.The Pudilan antiphlogistic granules prepared by the above said method are accorded with the state standard.The scutellariae, ethanol distilling technology in the said preparing method has a high recovery rate, and this can guarantee the content of the baicalin of the Pudilan antiphlogistic granules to conform Its' standard.
There are 21 residency programs in intervention arm who will 1) use PIM as a data collection tool (local researchers will audit 50-75 charts, survey 50-75 patients, and complete one system survey); 2) Each trainee will audit of up to five patient charts; collect 5 patient surveys; and complete the system survey as a group; 3) Summary data from these data streams will be reviewed by group; then they will design and implement a quality improvement plan; 4) At follow-up, local researchers will re-audit same 50-75 charts, collect surveys from same 50-75 patients, and complete one system survey. At baseline and follow-up, trainees and faculty will complete surveys of geriatric and quality improvement knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
A protected health information (PHI) service is provided which de-identifies medical study data and allows medical providers to control PHI data, and uploads the de-identified data to a remote service system. The PHI service, or an associated service, hosted within an organization performing scans, maintains a database of personally identifiable information, and may generate a cryptographic hash using one or more identifying fields which can then be sent to a service hosting the de-identified data. A cryptographic hash may be further secured by combining the identifying fields with a unique cryptographic key before hashing the value. Matching hashes indicate related studies within the remote service. The service may re-generate and send the cryptographic hashes for each study whenever the configured set of fields changes. This allows all data, historical and new, to be properly linked and related.
The present invention relates to a myopia treating eye drop which belongs to the field of ophthalmological preparations. The myopia treating eye drop is mainly prepared by mixing water solutions of medicines in the following proportion by weight: bendazol or anisodamine alkali: inosine: vitamin B1: adenosine triphosphate: vitamin B12 =1 to 0.5: 1: 1 to 1.5: 1 to 1.5: 2.5. The weight concentration of the medicines is from 1.2 to 1.5%. The used water is deionized water, physiological saline with the concentration of 0.9%, or the mixture of the deionized water and the physiological saline. Etanol or polyatomic alcohol stabilizing agents accounting for 2 to 18 wt% of the medicine solution, and preservatives accounting for 0.25 to 1 wt% can be added. The myopia treating eye drop has good therapeutic effect on myopia and is particularly suitable for teenager patients with the vision lower than 400 degrees.
In this prospective, cross-sectional, observational study consecutive eligible subjects with FM, PsA, and a group of age- and sex-matched asymptomatic volunteers will undergo a research US examination of the dominant Achilles' tendon, knee medial collateral ligament and common extensor tendon of the elbow. Two operators under the supervision of a musculoskeletal radiologist will perform the US exam. B-mode and Power Doppler ultrasound of each tendon and ligament will be performed for morphological characterization. Then, shear wave elastography (SWE) and radiofrequency (RF) will be acquired. The shear wave speed (SWS) will be measured in the longitudinal plane using shear wave measurements. These features will be compared between groups. The HDK parameters (μ, 1/alpha, κ) will be computed offline, using RF sequences recorded in the longitudinal plane. Demographic features (participant age, sex, body mass index), the Leeds Enthesis Index (LEI) score assessed by the referring clinicians, and the self-administered Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Brief Pain Inventory (PBI) and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) scores will be available for multivariate analyses.
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases can be acquired (such as stroke, spinal cord injury, and traumatic brain injury) or non-acquired (such as multiple sclerosis). Many diseases that affect the CNS can be fatal or cause sequelae, which affect the sensorimotor, cardiorespiratory and the quality of life of the individual. Subjects with neurological lesions present low resistance to exercise, a factor that can be attributed to decreased muscle recruitment, oxidative and metabolic capacity reduction, low aerobic resistance and increased energy expenditure. With that in mind, treatment proposals such as aerobic training and gait training with or without weight loss can maximize and restore the individual's functional abilities through active learning. Cardiorespiratory fitness in this patient profile has benefits in terms of fatigue retardation, gait improvement and regulation of the autonomic nervous system. Aerobic exercises change the heart rhythm, increase vascularity and provide oxygen. The association of these factors promote cerebral neuroprotective effect, stimulate the production of endogenous neutrotransmitters related to general well-being and favor neuroplasticity. Low-intensity laser therapy, especially transcranial photobiomodulation, has shown benefits in animals and humans such as cognitive and memory improvement, improvement in the behavioral picture, such as attenuation of depression and anxiety, and cortical oxygenation.

The study design is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that will compare the effect of cardiorespiratory rehabilitation, cardiorespiratory rehabilitation and low-intensity laser therapy, cardiorespiratory rehabilitation and placebo laser. It is worth mentioning that the use of a Placebo Therapy is restricted to Low Power Laser irradiation. This means that the three experimental groups will effectively be treated with cardiorespiratory rehabilitation, a therapy that improves physical fitness. The treatment with transcranial photobiomodulation irradiation aims to verify the effects and aggregates greater beneficial to the volunteers. In this case, the magnitude of the laser effect must be calculated by the difference (if any) of the group treated with "cardiorespiratory rehabilitation + laser" subtracted from the group treated with "cardiorespiratory rehabilitation + laser Placebo".
PURPOSE: Helicobacter pylori (HP) is the most common human infection that has affected up to 50% of the population worldwide. The relationship between HP eradication and weight loss is under debate. The present study aimed to compare weight loss outcomes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in HP-negative (HP-) and HP-eradicated (HPe) patients during five years follow-ups.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 305 patients aged 18 and more with severe obesity, who underwent primary RYGB from February 2014 to November 2017. The HP-negative and HP-eradicated patients were evaluated for weight loss outcomes during five years follow-ups.
RESULTS: Patients' mean age, mean weight, and mean body mass index were 38.78 ± 9.9, 114.8 ± 13.6, and 43.37 ± 2.55, respectively. 27.2% of patients who were HP-positive were treated before RYGB. There was no significant difference between the HP- and HPe patients in terms of total weight loss percent (%TWL), 12 to 60 months after RYGB. Excess weight loss percent (%EWL) was higher in HPe patients compared to HP- patients (P = 0.04) at 12-month after RYGB. However, there was no difference in %EWL between these two groups of patients, 36 and 60 months after RYGB.
CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed that TWL% had no significant difference in HP- and HPe groups during five years follow-ups after RYGB. The %EWL was higher in HPe patients only at 12 months after RYGB and the difference did not persist over time.
Participants received 300 mg twice daily (b.i.d.). Dose increases to 400 b.i.d. were permitted, per Investigator's discretion.
Subject in high dose group will receive AL8326 orally in each cycle until intolerable toxicity or disease progression or withdrawal . 6-12 subjects are in this group. Efficacy, safety and PK will be evaluated and compared within 3 different dosing group to define the final OBD.
Fibromyalgia is characterised by widespread chronic pain and is often accompanied by comorbidities such as sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression. Because it is often accompanied by many adverse symptoms and lack of effective treatment, it is important to search for the pathogenesis and treatment of fibromyalgia. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has demonstrated effective analgesic effects in neuropathic pain. However, its impact on fibromyalgia remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we constructed a mouse model of fibromyalgia and investigated the effect of astaxanthin on chronic pain and associated symptoms through multiple intragastrical injections. We conducted behavioural assessments to detect pain and depression-like states in mice, recorded electroencephalograms to monitor sleep stages, examined c-Fos activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, measured activation of spinal glial cells, and assessed levels of inflammatory factors in the brain and spinal cord, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor- α(TNF-α).Additionally, we analysed the expression levels of IL-6, IL-10, NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD, and Caspase-1 proteins. The findings revealed that astaxanthin significantly ameliorated mechanical and thermal pain in mice with fibromyalgia and mitigated sleep disorders and depressive-like symptoms induced by pain. A potential mechanism underlying these effects is the anti-inflammatory action of astaxanthin, likely mediated through the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which could be one of the pathways through which astaxanthin alleviates fibromyalgia. In conclusion, our study suggests that astaxanthin holds promise as a potential analgesic medication for managing fibromyalgia and its associated symptoms.
BACKGROUND: Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a classic symptom triad, including periodic paralysis, ventricular arrhythmias with associated prolonged QT interval and U waves, and dysmorphic facial and skeletal features. Pathogenic variants of the KCNJ2 gene are linked to ATS.
METHODS: We present two siblings with the same pathogenic mutation and facial characteristic of hypotelorism, yet with intrafamilial and sex-specific variability.
RESULTS: The first patient is a 16-year-old male who presented from an outside hospital with subacute-onset weakness. The symptoms almost completely subsided the following day, with only mild proximal muscle weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cervical spine was unremarkable. He had one prior attack of self-resolving weakness without apparent triggering factors and a history of premature ventricular contractions and U waves seen on electrocardiogram without cardiac symptoms. On further evaluation his physical examination was significant for micrognathia, hypotelorism, and clinodactyly. Electrodiagnostic examination showed no clear evidence of polyneuropathy. Given his presentation of the typical triad of periodic weakness, dysmorphic features, and cardiac rhythm abnormalities, genetic testing was pursued revealing a pathogenic mutation of the KCNJ2 gene, indicative of ATS. Subsequent genetic testing of his older biological sister, with identical physical features but without a history of cardiac symptoms or episodic periodic paralysis, revealed the same pathogenic mutation.
CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to note that ATS can manifest with a wide range of symptoms and some individuals may display only subtle or atypical signs, contributing to this challenging diagnosis.
The utility model relates to a pair of health-care shoes, which comprises sandals and slippers. The utility model is characterized in that the upper most layers of the uppers and the soles are all formed by pearls being connected in series. Because pearls contain a plurality of constituents of 24 kinds of microelements and keratin peptides, etc. which can take part in metabolism and promote regeneration of enzymes in human body, the health-care shoes can play functions of skin protection, face keeping and prevention of senility. Using the spherical shapes particularly had by pearls to contact and touch with each acupuncture point and sensing point of feet, the health-care shoes can play functions of pushing QI-blood circulation, warming viscera, nourishing primordial qi, cleaning blood vessels and strengthening bones and muscles. Thereby, the health-care shoes can play the functions of allaying tiredness and tranquilizing and enhancing mind.