anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: The pathophysiology of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is not well understood, but recent data suggest blood components play a significant role. This study aimed to understand the timing of membrane attack complex (MAC) activation after intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and the effect of MAC inhibition on PHH development.
METHODS: This study was composed of four parts. First, 24 young adult male rats underwent stereotactic intraventricular injection of autologous blood or saline and MRI on day 1, 3, or 7 after hemorrhage. Second, 18 rats underwent intraventricular injection of saline, autologous blood with aurin tricarboxylic acid (ATA) in vehicle, or autologous blood with vehicle and underwent serial MRI studies on days 1 and 3 after hemorrhage. Third, 12 rats underwent intraventricular injections as above and MRI 2 hours after hemorrhage. Finally, 24 rats underwent the intraventricular injections as above, as well as serial MRI studies on days 1, 7, 14, and 28 after hemorrhage. The MR images were used to calculate ventricular volume and iron deposition. Open field testing was performed to assess functional outcomes. Outcomes on day 28 were reported as a ratio to the animal's baseline values and normalized via log-transformation. Statistical analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk tests for normality and t-tests and 1-way analysis of variance for 2 and 3 groups of continuous variables, respectively.
RESULTS: MAC was found within the hematoma 1 day after hemorrhage and persisted until day 7. Administration of ATA resulted in similar intraventricular hematoma volumes compared to vehicle 2 hours after hemorrhage. At 1 and 3 days after hemorrhage, ATA administration resulted in significantly smaller ventricular volumes and less hemolysis within the hematoma than in the vehicle animals. Administration of ATA also resulted in significantly smaller ventriculomegaly and less iron deposition in the periventricular area than in the vehicle rats 28 days after hemorrhage. Functionally, ATA rats were significantly faster, traveled longer distances, and spent less time resting than vehicle rats at 28 days.
CONCLUSIONS: MAC was activated early and persisted within the hematoma until day 7 after IVH. MAC inhibition attenuated hemolysis in the clot and ventriculomegaly acutely after IVH. One month after hemorrhage, MAC inhibition attenuated ventriculomegaly and iron accumulation and improved functional outcomes.
One of the recent advances in bariatric surgery is the use of magnetic devices. This research paper describes magnetic liver retraction in morbidly obese patients during bariatric surgery. A descriptive, prospective and observational study was carried out, analyzing 100 patients in whom magnetic retraction was used. Mean and SD body mass index was 46.1 ± 5.09 kg/m2. The magnetic system was successfully used for liver retraction in 95% of cases; in only 5% of cases was its use not possible due to hepatomegaly and severe hepatic steatosis. According to the results, magnetic liver retraction can be safe and used in bariatric surgery, regardless of body mass index and with a low percentage of complications.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has been growing in usage for patients with breast cancer, due to an increased number of FDA-approved PET radiotracers pertinent to patients with breast cancer as well as increased prospective evidence for the value of these agents. The leading PET radiotracer for patients with breast cancer is 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), which measures glucose metabolism. There is prospective evidence for the use of 18F-FDG PET in systemic staging of newly diagnosed locally advanced breast cancer (stages IIB-IIIC), monitoring breast cancer treatment response, and detecting breast cancer recurrence, particularly in no special type (NST) breast cancer. 16α-18F-fluoro-17β-Fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) is a radiolabeled estrogen which evaluates estrogen receptor (ER) accessible for estrogen binding. There is prospective evidence supporting 18F-FES PET as a predictive biomarker for selecting patients with metastatic breast cancer for endocrine therapies. 18F-FES PET has also been shown to be valuable in the evaluation of ER status of lesions which are difficult to biopsy, for evaluation of ER status in lesions that are equivocal on other imaging modalities, and for selecting optimal dosage of novel ER-targeted systemic therapies in early clinical trials. Multiple investigators have suggested 18F-FES PET will have an increasing role for patients with invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC), which is less optimally evaluated by 18F-FDG PET. Sodium 18F-Fluoride (18F-NaF) evaluates bone turnover and has been effective in evaluation of malignancies which commonly metastasize to bone. In patients with metastatic breast cancer, 18F-NaF PET/CT has demonstrated superior sensitivity for osseous metastases than 99mTc-MDP or CT. In addition to these three FDA-approved PET radiotracers, there are multiple novel radiotracers currently in clinical trials with potential to further increase PET usage for patients with breast cancer.
Pharmacokinetic studies of the immediate-release oral tablet (single dose) and intravenous (single and multiple dose) forms of ciprofloxacin indicate that plasma concentrations of ciprofloxacin are higher in elderly subjects (> 65 years) as compared to young adults. Cmax is increased 16% to 40%, and mean AUC is increased approximately 30%, which can be at least partially attributed to decreased renal clearance in the elderly. Elimination half-life is only slightly (~20%) prolonged in the elderly. These differences are not considered clinically significant. (See PRECAUTIONS, Geriatric Use.)

In patients with reduced renal function, the half-life of ciprofloxacin is slightly prolonged. No dose adjustment is required for patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections receiving 500 mg ciprofloxacin extended-release tablets. For complicated urinary tract infection and acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis, where 1000 mg is the appropriate dose, the dosage of ciprofloxacin extended-release tablets should be reduced to ciprofloxacin extended-release tablets 500 mg q24h in patients with creatinine clearance below 30 mL/min. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.)

In studies in patients with stable chronic cirrhosis, no significant changes in ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics have been observed. The kinetics of ciprofloxacin in patients with acute hepatic insufficiency, however, have not been fully elucidated. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.)
BACKGROUND: Anal cytology represents a tool for anal cancer screening in high-risk populations. In addition to accuracy, the reproducibility of the interpretation is of key importance. The authors evaluated the agreement of anal cytologic interpretation between two cytopathologists.
METHODS: Liquid-based cytologic slides from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) were evaluated by two readers with at least 10 years of expertise in cervical cytology. Cases with a discordant interpretation were reviewed, and a consensus was reached. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping was performed using a proprietary HPV genotyping test. Unweighted and weighted Cohen kappa and 95% confidence interval (CI) values were calculated.
RESULTS: Overall, 713 slides that were adequate for interpretation were evaluated (MSM: median age, 33 years). An HPV test was performed on 620 samples (87.0%). Considering a dichotomous interpretation (negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy vs. atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse), the crude agreement between the two readers was 93.3% (kappa = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.77-0.87). Once a consensus for discordant cases was reached, the best agreement was found for the negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy category (511 of 528 samples; 96.8%), whereas the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance category showed the lowest agreement (90 of 117 samples, 76.9%). Considering the individual cytologic categories, overall agreement was 92.1% (kappa = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81-0.89). The discordant interpretations were not associated with high-risk HPV infection, HPV16 infection, or MSM age.
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicating excellent interobserver agreement in this study substantiate the use of anal cytology in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus-negative MSM.
PCT No. PCT/GB94/00280 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 10, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 10, 1995 PCT Filed Feb. 11, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO94/17788 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 18, 1994A method is disclosed of preparing a beverage in the form of a dilute aqueous solution, suspension or dispersion of an encapsulated product. The capsule is added to a potable liquid, and the capsule material breaks down when submerged in the liquid to release its contents and itself dissolve. A primary advantage of providing the product in this way is that it can be confined within the capsule in liquid form, and can therefore disperse or dissolve in water more readily. Additionally, the capsule would normally sink to the bottom of the body of water before releasing its contents, thereby ensuring that the contents are released within the body of water, and not at the surface thereof.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Spontaneous abortion (SA) is an intricate disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Previous studies have confirmed the indispensable role of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 in normal pregnancy. Bushen Antai recipe (BAR) is a satisfactory formula commonly used in practice, based on the rationale of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for SA.
AIM OF THE STUDY: The current study explores the potential therapeutic effects and mechanistic insights of BAR in STAT3-deficient abortion-prone mice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A STAT3-deficient abortion-prone mouse model was developed using intraperitoneal injection of stattic from embryo day (ED) 5.5 to ED9.5 among pregnant females (C57BL/6). We separately administered BAR1 (5.7 g/kg), BAR2 (11.4 g/kg), progesterone (P4), or distilled water at 10 ml/kg/day from ED0.5 until ED10.5. The embryo resorption rate and placenta-uterus structure were observed on ED10.5. The systemic immune status was examined by analyzing the frequency of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), the ratio of two macrophage (M) subtypes, and the protein expression of associated molecules. Morphological observation, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were used to evaluate the vascularization conditions at the maternal-fetal interface.
RESULTS: BAR1, BAR2, or P4 treatment exerted remarkable effects in alleviating embryo resorption rate and disordered placental-uterus structure in STAT3-deficient abortion-prone mice. Western blotting indicated the deficiency of phosphorylated STAT3 and two prime target molecules, PR and HIF-1α, at the maternal-fetal interface under STAT3 inhibition. Simultaneously, BAR2 treatment significantly upregulated their expression levels. The systemic immune environment was disrupted, indicated by the reduced serum cytokine concentrations, MDSCs frequency, M2/M1 ratio, and the expression of immunomodulatory factors. Nonetheless, BAR2 or P4 treatment revived the immune tolerance for semi-allogenic embryos by enhancing the immune cells and factors. Besides, the western blot and immunohistochemistry results revealed that BAR2 or P4 treatment upregulated VEGFA/FGF2 and activated ERK/AKT phosphorylation. Therefore, BAR2 or P4 facilitated vascularization at the maternal-fetal interface in STAT3-deficient abortion-prone mice.
CONCLUSIONS: BAR sustained pregnancy by reviving the systemic immune environment and promoting angiogenesis at the maternal-fetal interface in STAT3-deficient abortion-prone mice.
An undesirable consequence of energy restriction is the loss of muscle mass. Muscle mass is determined by the the rates of two processes: muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown. It has been consistently shown that a reduced rate of muscle protein synthesis exists during energy restriction. However, it is currently unclear whether an increase in muscle protein breakdown also contributes to muscle mass loss. In addition, the effect of high protein diets and resistance exercise on muscle protein turnover during energy restriction, two interventions known to preserve muscle, remains to be investigated.We aim to demonstrate that the decrease in muscle protein synthesis is the main contributor to a negative protein balance during energy restriction. In addition, we hope to show that a higher-protein diet (2.4g/kg/d versus 1.2g/kg/d) and the addition of resistance exercise can help to maintain the muscle protein synthesis rate and thereby improve negative protein balance.The present study will be designed as a parallel group randomized controlled trial. Subjects will be given pre-packaged diets (Copper County Foods) to consume which will put them in a relative energy deficit of 40% per day. Based on random assignment, these subjects will either consume an adequate protein diet (1.2g/kg/d) or a high protein diet (2.4g/kg/d) for 10 consecutive days. Participants in the adequate protein diet will consume a ratio of 50:35:15 (carbohydrates:fat:protein) while subjects within the high protein diet will consume a ratio of 50:15:35 (carbohydrates:fat:protein). Subjects will undergo testing at baseline and following a 10 day dietary and unilateral resistance exercise intervention. Testing will consist of muscle and blood samples. Muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown will be measured using stable isotope tracers that are orally ingested (deuterated water) or infused into an antecubital vein (labelled phenylalanine tracers) before and after the 10 day diet.
To improve the efficiency of information processing works in clinical studies.SOLUTION: An information processing system 1 includes a server device 2 and a display device 4. The server device 2 stores data expressing changes over time in values of a plurality of biological parameters for each of a plurality of patients forming a population. The information processing system 1 displays a first GUI assisting inputs of extraction conditions for extracting a plurality of patients forming a study subject group which is a part of the population onto the display device 4. The information processing system 1 receives the inputs of the extraction conditions over the first GUI. The information processing system 1 displays a second GUI assisting selection of one biological parameter onto the display device 4. The information processing system 1 receives the selection of the one biological parameter over the second GUI. The information processing system 1 displays a graph expressing changes over time in statistical values of the one biological parameter obtained as to the plurality of patients forming the study subject group onto the display device 4.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Sirolimus in FYARRO is an inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR, previously known as mammalian target of rapamycin). mTOR, a serine threonine kinase, is downstream of the PI3K/AKT pathway, controls key cellular processes such as cell survival, growth, and proliferation, and is commonly dysregulated in several human cancers. In cells, sirolimus binds to the immunophilin, FK Binding Protein-12 (FKBP-12), to generate an immunosuppressive complex. The sirolimus-FKBP-12 complex binds to and inhibits activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Inhibition of mTOR by sirolimus has been shown to reduce cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and glucose uptake in in vitro and in vivo studies. In a nonclinical study in athymic mice bearing human tumor xenografts, intravenous administration of FYARRO resulted in higher tumor accumulation of sirolimus, inhibition of an mTOR target in the tumor, and tumor growth inhibition compared to administration of an oral formulation of sirolimus at the same weekly total dose.
Primary pars plana vitrectomy will be performed and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) will be used as the tamponading agent. For these patients, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography (OCTA), along with microperimetry will be done 2 months and 4 months after the primary surgery.
The ACE-011-NSCL-001 Phase 2a study was an open-label, randomized, dose-ranging study designed to assess the efficacy, safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and quality of life of sotatercept for treatment of CIA in participants with advanced or metastatic solid tumors treated with platinum-based chemotherapeutic regimens. Other objectives included the effect of sotatercept treatment on bone metabolism, the evaluation of the expression of Activin A and other proteins/biomarkers (including myostatin and follistatin) and the assessment of renal function biomarkers. The study consisted of a Screening Period, a Treatment Period of approximately 6 months (up to 4 doses of sotatercept at either 15 mg or 30 mg administered subcutaneously every 42 days) and a Post-treatment Follow-up Period or End of Treatment (42 days after the last dose of sotatercept). The study was terminated early due to a slower than expected rate of enrollment as a result of substantial changes in the standard of care for cancer participants with anemia which resulted in challenges to timely accrual and completion of the study. Therefore, 26 participants were randomized into the study and the planned Part 2 of the study consisting of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 2b/3 study conducted at the optimal dose of sotatercept in up to 750 participants with metastatic NSCLC was not performed. Due to the small sample size and variability of the data, changes were made to modify the study endpoints and revise them to be exploratory only.
Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and decompensated cirrhosis are an important population for antiviral therapy yet under-represented in clinical trials. HCV direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies, unlike interferon-containing regimens, can be safely utilized in decompensated patients. Per guidelines from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), therapy of choice in HCV and decompensated cirrhosis is sofosbuvir, an HCV polymerase inhibitor, combined with a replication complex inhibitor (NS5A inhibitor) with or without ribavirin. Combination therapy with a HCV protease inhibitor and an NS5A inhibitor is effective in this population but is specifically not recommended in AASLD guidelines due to safety concerns. Important risk factors for further decompensation during DAA therapy are serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL, MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease) score > 14, or HCV genotype 3 infection. Although sustained virologic response (SVR) is achieved less often in patients with decompensated vs compensated cirrhosis, in clinical studies response rates are > 80%. Both Child-Turcotte-Pugh Class at baseline and viral genotype can affect these response rates. Achieving SVR lowers risk of mortality, but to a lesser extent than in individuals with compensated cirrhosis. Likewise, treating patients for HCV infection along with successful treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma improves risks of both liver-related and overall mortality. In fewer than one third of cases, treating transplant-eligible, HCV-infected patients pre-transplant enables their delisting from transplant wait lists.
New research shows that kefir (which contains bacteria also known as microbes), similar to yogurt, may improve health by lowering cholesterol levels. Much of this research however, focuses on traditional types of kefir, which differ significantly from commercially prepared kefir with regards to the types of microbes in each kefir. Additionally, there is a lack of research looking at how commercial kefir compares to traditional kefir in its ability to improve health. This has led to the consumer being confused about the health benefits they believe they are receiving, such as reduced weight gain, and improved cholesterol levels, when they purchase and consume commercial kefir. The researchers have produced a commercially usable kefir that has the health benefits of traditional grain fermented kefir. This was accomplished with only a small subset of microbes present in the traditional kefir, leading to a much easier product to commercialize and produce. Thus, this study aims to look at whether kefir, produced in the researchers laboratory and commercially available kefir, given to males for in two separate months, results in any cholesterol lowering effects. Successful completion of this project could potentially result in the development of a new commercial kefir with health benefits that are supported by scientific research and testing. In addition, if positive results are seen, a larger study will be carried out to ensure that results of the current study are consistent for the Canadian population.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tablet supplement comprising only natural materials using Brassica oleracea var. acephala as a vehicle, a hydrogenated rape seed oil as a lubricant, and maltose for enhancing flowability.  <P>SOLUTION: This tablet supplement is characterized in that it is prepared by adding and mixing powdery Brassica oleracea var. acephala prepared by drying the Brassica oleracea var. acephala and then crushing the dried product to a powdery supplement raw material.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Study participants will be randomized into either the control or experimental group. Participants in the intervention group will receive routine care which will follow the schedule from previous adolescent PrEP studies where participants are recommended to follow up at 4, 8, and 12 weeks and then every 3 months following initiation of PrEP. This group will also receive SMS texting every 4 weeks between in-person visits (weeks 16, 20, 28,32, 40, 44) reminding them to pick up their medication. The experimental group will also be seen in follow up every month for the first 3 months and then spaced out to visits every 3 months. The SMS texting will occur every 4 weeks between in-person visits, the experimental group will also have 2 tele-health visits (which will be conducted within a participant's home using an app) that will occur every 4 weeks between each of the traditional in-person visits to provide more frequent monitoring and counseling regarding adherence.