anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Abstract of the Disclosure A new stable derivative of ascorbic acid, ascorbate 2-polyphosphate,  Is disclosed,  together with a high-yield method of synthesis thereof.  The method preferably includes steps of reacting an ascorbic acid such as L-ascorbic acid or a deriva-tive thereof such as 5,6-0-isopropylidene-L-ascor-bic acid with salts of metaphosphoric acid in an aqueous system and in the presence of sufficient base to maintain the pH of the reaction mixture at a level of at least above 9 to obtain 2-polyphos-phorylation of the ascorbic acid.  In particularly preferred forms, 1 M L-ascorbic acid is reacted in water with 1.5-3 equivalents of sodium or potassium trimetaphosphate at a temperature of 25-55°C, and an alkali metal hydroxide such as potassium hydrox-ide is intermittently added to the reaction mixture as needed over a 1-10hr. reaction  period to main-tain the pH thereof at a level of about 10.5-12 during the entire reaction.   After neutralization the reaction mixture contains no noxious or toxic materials, and the entire mixture may be added to food or feed.   Pure salts of ascorbate 2-triphos-phate can be isolated readily using conventional chromatographic techniques.  It has also been found that the compounds of the invention are more diffi-cult to oxidize, and release ascorbic acid and are more  slowly  hydrolyzed  than  the  monophosphate derivative of ascorbic acid.
The invention provides a sugar derivative of a biologically active peptide, which is <CHEM> as well as acid addition salts and complexes thereof. The compound may be produced by reacting the protected peptide having a free amino group in a slightly acidic medium with the reducing disaccharide (Amadori rearrangement) and subsequently removing the protecting groups. This reaction may take place in a conventional manner for the Amadori rearrangement. The acid added may be e.g. glacial acetic acid. It is preferable to use an excess of carbohydrate, e.g. ten equivalents for one equivalent of peptide compound. The reaction may be carried out in a polar solvent such as methanol, preferably at temperatures of circa 60 to 70C. The invention also provides oral pharmaceutical preparations containing the compound of the invention as well as processes for its production.
ZIAGEN is the brand name for abacavir sulfate, a synthetic carbocyclic nucleoside analogue with inhibitory activity against HIV-1. The chemical name of abacavir sulfate is (1S,cis)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol sulfate (salt) (2:1). Abacavir sulfate is the enantiomer with 1S, 4R absolute configuration on the cyclopentene ring. It has a molecular formula of (C14H18N6O)2•H2SO4 and a molecular weight of 670.76 daltons. It has the following structural formula:

Abacavir sulfate is a white to off-white solid with a solubility of approximately 77 mg/mL in distilled water at 25°C. It has an octanol/water (pH 7.1 to 7.3) partition coefficient (log P) of approximately 1.20 at 25°C.

ZIAGEN Tablets are for oral administration. Each tablet contains abacavir sulfate equivalent to 300 mg of abacavir as active ingredient and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and sodium starch glycolate. The tablets are coated with a film that is made of hypromellose, polysorbate 80, synthetic yellow iron oxide, titanium dioxide, and triacetin.

ZIAGEN Oral Solution is for oral administration. Each milliliter (1 mL) of ZIAGEN Oral Solution contains abacavir sulfate equivalent to 20 mg of abacavir (i.e., 20 mg/mL) as active ingredient and the following inactive ingredients: artificial strawberry and banana flavors, citric acid (anhydrous), methylparaben and propylparaben (added as preservatives), propylene glycol, saccharin sodium, sodium citrate (dihydrate), sorbitol solution, and water.

In vivo, abacavir sulfate dissociates to its free base, abacavir. All dosages for ZIAGEN are expressed in terms of abacavir.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common and persistent cardiac arrhythmia that impacts morbidity, mortality, disability, quality of life, and healthcare costs. Typically, AF is managed using a three-pillar approach of rate control, rhythm control, and anticoagulation. However, these interventions fail to address the underlying pathophysiological factors that contribute to AF. A compelling body of research expands traditional management by focusing on lifestyle modification to lower the risk of AF incidence, prevalence, progression, and severity. Home healthcare clinicians possess the knowledge and skills to examine and treat a wide range of risk factors that lead to AF, and therefore can substantially reduce incident and persistent AF and facilitate optimal outcomes. This perspective paper presents a clinical paradigm shift by proposing a five-factor Partner, Quantify, Recommend, Support, and Teach (PQRST) framework to support AF risk factor modification in home healthcare. The PQRST framework incorporates a greater focus on patient self-management through education and exercise to reduce incidence, prevalence, progression, and severity of AF.
All of participants with suboptimal health status use the monitoring device with three months, and are randomly grouped into the non-intervention group (Group 4 or Group 5) and the intervention group using the meridian therapy instrument (Group 6 or Group 7). Group 4 are participants without metabolic abnormality in the non-intervention group. No intervention technologies are used in Group 4.
A 2-year carcinogenicity study in mice at doses of 50, 150, and 450 mg/kg/day exemestane (gavage), resulted in an increased incidence of hepatocellular adenomas and/or carcinomas in both genders at the high dose level. Plasma AUC (0–24hr) at the high dose were 2575 ± 386 and 5667 ± 1833 ng.hr/mL in males and females (approx. 34 and 75 fold the AUC in postmenopausal patients at the recommended clinical dose). An increased incidence of renal tubular adenomas was observed in male mice at the high dose of 450 mg/kg/day. Since the doses tested in mice did not achieve an MTD, neoplastic findings in organs other than liver and kidneys remain unknown.

A separate carcinogenicity study was conducted in rats at the doses of 30, 100, and 315 mg/kg/day exemestane (gavage) for 92 weeks in males and 2 years in females. No evidence of carcinogenic activity up to the highest dose tested of 315 mg/kg/day was observed in females. The male rat study was inconclusive since it was terminated prematurely at Week 92. At the highest dose, plasma AUC (0–24hr) levels in male (1418 ± 287 ng.hr/mL) and female (2318 ± 1067 ng.hr/mL) rats were 19 and 31 fold higher than those measured in postmenopausal cancer patients receiving the recommended clinical dose.

Exemestane was not mutagenic in vitro in bacteria (Ames test) or mammalian cells (V79 Chinese hamster lung cells). Exemestane was clastogenic in human lymphocytes in  vitro without metabolic activation but was not clastogenic in vivo (micronucleus assay in mouse bone marrow). Exemestane did not increase unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes when tested in vitro. 

In a pilot reproductive study in rats, male rats were treated with doses of 125 to 1000 mg/kg/day exemestane, beginning 63 days prior to and during cohabitation. Untreated female rats showed reduced fertility when mated to males treated with ≥500 mg/kg/day exemestane (≥200 times the recommended human dose on a mg/m2 basis). In a separate study, exemestane was given to female rats at 4 to 100 mg/kg/day beginning 14 days prior to mating and through day 15 or 20 of gestation. Exemestane increased the placental weights at ≥4 mg/kg/day (≥1.5 times the human dose on a mg/m2 basis). Exemestane showed no effects on ovarian function, mating behavior, and conception rate in rats given doses up to 20 mg/kg/day (approximately 8 times the recommended human dose on a mg/m2 basis); however, decreases in mean litter size and fetal body weight, along with delayed ossification were evidenced at ≥20 mg/kg/day. In general toxicology studies, changes in the ovary, including hyperplasia, an increase in the incidence of ovarian cysts, and a decrease in corpora lutea were observed with variable frequency in mice, rats, and dogs at doses that ranged from 3 to 20 times the human dose on a mg/m2 basis.
Subject will be on the closed loop device with enlite sensors for about 27 hours. In addition to being on insulin, they would take a single injection of 1.2 mg of Liraglutide subcutaneously before dinner, on Day 1.
The program applied to parents with children with autism will be carried out once a week for 60 minutes, for 8 weeks, in 8 sessions in total. The program will be conducted in face-to-face groups. Sessions will be held in a suitable area in the practice area. In each 60-minute session, it is planned to be 20 minutes of narration on the subject of the session, accompanied by a power point presentation, and the remaining 40 minutes of exercise, meditation practices and sharing experiences. In the table indicating the general operation of the sessions within the scope of the research; The purpose, target, teaching method, material place, time, session content and application steps of each session will be given to the participants. Awareness-Based Stress Reduction Program Applied to Parents with Children with Autism will be given to the participants in the first week, including the important points of the program, prepared by the researchers, and expert opinions will be taken.
Ovarian carcinoma is one of most frequent cancer in women worldwide. Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is a group of neoplasms with different histologic pictures. Serous carcinoma is the most common type.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can undergo self-renewal and differentiation. EpCAM is a 40-kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein composed of a large extracellular domain, one transmembrane region, and a small intracellular domain of 26 amino acids. It is abundantly expressed by the majority of human epithelial carcinomas, including colorectal, breast, lung, prostate, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. it is overexpressed in various neoplasms. Recent insights revealed that it is involved in promoting cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness. It is used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. EpCAM has also recently been identified as a marker for CSCs.
A defining unique characteristic of the gut immune system is its ability to respond effectively to foreign pathogens while mitigating unnecessary inflammation. Intestinal macrophages serve as the cornerstone of this balancing act, acting uniquely as both the sword and shield in the gut microenvironment. The GI tract is densely innervated by the enteric nervous system (ENS), the intrinsic nervous system of the gut. Recent advances in sequencing technology have increasingly suggested neuroimmune crosstalk as a critical component for homeostasis both within the gut and in other tissues. Here, we systematically review the ENS-macrophage axis. We focus on the pertinent molecules produced by the ENS, spotlight the mechanistic contributions of intestinal macrophages to gut homeostasis and inflammation, and discuss both existing and potential strategies that intestinal macrophages use to integrate signals from the ENS. This review aims to elucidate the complex molecular basis governing ENS-macrophage signaling, highlighting their cooperative roles in sustaining intestinal health and immune equilibrium.
A primary embodiment of the invention is a composition for an antimicrobial dental gypsum comprising a calcined gypsum, an additive, an antimicrobial agent and an antimicrobial enhancing substance. The antimicrobial agent comprises a benzoic acid and/or a benzoic derivative. The antimicrobial agent is in the range of 0.001 to 0.02% by weight of the composition. The antimicrobial enhancing substance comprises IPBC in the range of 0.0001 to 0.01% by weight of the composition. The benzoic derivative can be sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate and/or calcium benzoate. The additive can be a thickener, a retardant, an accelerator, a defoamer, a pigment, a stabilizer and/or a dye in the range of 2.5 to 3.5 percent by weight of the composition. The antimicrobial enhancing substance can further comprises citric acid, propionic acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, salicylic acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, hydroxyacetic acid and/or methylisothiazolinone.
Fluorescent activatable probes for imaging biological processes and disease detection in vitro and in vivo. There is also described a method for detecting the presence of an enzyme. A sample is contacted with a nanoparticle including a monomer, at least one cleavable spacer comprising at least one fluorescence activation site, and at least two dyes of at least two types. The cleavable spacer is attached at one end to the nanoparticle. The at least two types comprise an energy donor type and an energy acceptor type. At least one dye of one type is embedded in the nanoparticle and the cleavable spacer has at least one dye of the other type attached. The at least two dyes comprise at least one matched pair capable of fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Fluorescence is detected by exposing the sample to a light source, and detecting emitted light with a detector.
Subjects aged 4 to 6 years received a dose of Infanrix and a dose of IPOL vaccines separately and a dose of M-M-R II vaccine. Infanrix was administered by deep intramuscular injection in the upper left deltoid. IPOL was administered subcutaneously in the lower right deltoid. M-M-R II was co-administered as a subcutaneous injection in the upper right deltoid.
Each mL of irinotecan hydrochloride injection contains 20 mg irinotecan (on the basis of the trihydrate salt); 45 mg sorbitol; and 0.9 mg lactic acid. 

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light (keep in outer carton). 

Inspect the vial for damage and visible signs of leaks before removing from the carton. If damaged, incinerate the unopened package. The container closure is not made with natural rubber latex.
Strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticle and various concentrations of chitosan (CS)-doped SrO nanocomposite were synthesized via co-precipitation method. A variety of characterization techniques including were done for characterizing and qualifying the nanocomposite. X-ray powder diffraction affirmed cubic and tetragonal structure of SrO nanoparticle and CS-doped SrO nanocomposite with a decrease in crystallinity upon doping. Fourier transform infrared spectrum endorsed existing functional groups on CS/SrO surfaces while d-spacing was estimated using high resolution Transmission electron microscopes images. UV-Visible and Photoluminescence spectroscopy spectra showed an increase in band gap energies with an increase in doping concentration. Elemental composition of CS-doped SrO nanocomposite deposited with different doping concentrations was studied using Energy dispersive Spectroscopy. Addition of chitosan resulted in the formation of nanocomposite and rod-like structures that led to enhanced catalytic activity during methylene blue ciprofloxacin degradation in the presence of reducing agent sodium borohydrate at various pH conditions.
Participants receive a starting matching placebo to vericiguat dose of 2.5 mg taken orally once daily. The matching placebo dose will be sham titrated to 5 mg and to 10 mg.
The invention discloses a Mythic Fungus total triterpene composition. The composition comprises Mythic Fungus total triterpene extract powder and a carrier material; the carrier material comprises one of povidone K30, copovidone, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, arginine, PEG6000 and poloxamer 188; a weight ratio of the Mythic Fungus total triterpene extract powder to the carrier material is 1:0.05-3; and the composition also comprises a disintegrating agent or an excipient and any pharmaceutical additive. The invention also discloses preparation methods of the composition. The method 1 comprises the following steps: 1, taking the extract powder, and adding ethanol to dissolve the extract powder; and 2, adding the carrier material, dissolving, drying, crushing, and sieving by using a 40-100 mesh sieve. The method 2 comprises the following steps: taking the extract powder, equivalently adding the carrier material multiple times, grinding, and sieving. The methods can substantially improve the dissolve-out degree of total triterpene effective components of Mythic Fungus, make medicinal preparations be convenient to prepare, can substantially improve the stability of the preparations, are simple, and are easy to popularize.
The present disclosure generally relates to evolved cytidine deaminases derived from cytidine deaminases, and methods of editing DNA using the same. In some aspects, the disclosure describes the directed evolution of a TadA-derived adenosine deaminase (TadA- CD) to perform cytidine deamination. In some embodiments, the TadA-CDs comprise a plurality of mutations compared to the parent TadA variant. In some embodiments, the TadA-CD is fused to a programmable DNA binding protein. Other aspects of the disclosure generally relate to a cytosine base editor (CBE) comprising a programmable DNA binding protein and the TadA-CD. In some embodiments, the disclosed cytosine base editor has improved efficiencies of conversion and reduced off-target editing frequencies compared to naturally-occurring CBEs. Also provided are polynucleotides, vectors, and kits useful for the generation and delivery of the CBEs. Cells containing such vectors and CBEs are also provided. Further provided are methods of treatment comprising administering the CBEs.
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a prevalent condition often associated with heightened pain responsiveness suggestive of central sensitization. Neuroimaging biomarkers of treatment outcomes may help develop personalized treatment strategies, but white matter (WM) properties have been underexplored for this purpose. Here we assessed whether WM pathways of the default mode network (DMN: medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC], posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus) and descending pain modulation system (periaqueductal gray [PAG]) are associated with ketamine analgesia and attenuated temporal summation of pain (TSP, reflecting central sensitization) in NP. We used a fixel-based analysis of diffusion-weighted imaging data to evaluate WM microstructure (fiber density [FD]) and macrostructure (fiber bundle cross-section) within the DMN and mPFC-PAG pathways in 70 individuals who underwent magnetic resonance imaging and TSP testing; 35 with NP who underwent ketamine treatment and 35 age- and sex-matched pain-free individuals. Individuals with NP were assessed before and 1 month after treatment; those with ≥30% pain relief were considered responders (n = 18), or otherwise as nonresponders (n = 17). We found that WM structure within the DMN and mPFC-PAG pathways did not differentiate responders from nonresponders. However, pretreatment FD in the anterior limb of the internal capsule correlated with pain relief (r=.48). Moreover, pretreatment FD in the DMN (left mPFC-precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex; r=.52) and mPFC-PAG (r=.42) negatively correlated with changes in TSP. This suggests that WM microstructure in the DMN and mPFC-PAG pathway is associated with the degree to which ketamine reduces central sensitization. Thus, fixel metrics of WM structure may hold promise to predict ketamine NP treatment outcomes. PERSPECTIVE: We used advanced fixel-based analyses of MRI diffusion-weighted imaging data to identify pretreatment WM microstructure associated with ketamine outcomes, including analgesia and markers of attenuated central sensitization. Exploring associations between brain structure and treatment outcomes could contribute to a personalized approach to treatment for individuals with NP.
Ten healthy, postmenopausal women with osteopenia will be randomized to the intervention of 52 weeks of the walking program alone. Walking will consist of 30 minutes at a moderate pace every other day for 52 weeks.
Despite limited evidence for a preoperative dental screening examination and needs-based focal rehabilitation, as well as the need for antibiotic prophylaxis prior to invasive dental procedures, oral health is and remains a relevant topic in arthroplasty. The aspect of oral health should not be neglected in the future in connection with periprosthetic infections and should continue to be the subject of intensive research. The frequency of conspicuous dental findings in middle and old age underlines the importance of this problem. A dental examination prior to arthroplasty implantation can generally contribute to minimizing the risk of arthroplasty infection. It would be desirable for further studies to provide evidence on this topic in order to make recommendations for action. Independently of this, the development of an interdisciplinary guideline (arthroplasty and dentistry) on this topic should be encouraged. This could help to ensure that standardized treatment procedures are integrated into everyday clinical practice across the board.
Helicobacter pylori is a primary carcinogen of gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori infection rate is about 50% in China. Helicobacter pylori infection should be eradicated unless there are countervailing factors. The bismuth agent quadruple (PPI+bismuth pectin+2 kinds of antibiotics) has eradicated the first line therapy of H. Pylori infection. The rise of antibiotic resistance rate leads to the decline of eradication rate of H. pylori. Traditional Chinese medicine played an important role in the treatment of H. pylori infection. This study explored the application of Ban xia xie xin Decoction and bismuth agent quadruple based on furazolidone in the role of the eradication of H. Pylori infection. This study is a prospective randomized case-control study. Six hundred patients who were firstly diagnosed as Helicobacter pylori infection will be selected, and then randomly assigned into case group and control group. The case group was named as Traditional Chinese Medicine group. Patients in the case group will take Ban xia xie xin Decoction and bismuth quadruplicate for 14 days. The control group was named as bismuth quadruplicate group. Patients in the control group will take bismuth quadruplicate for 14 days. Bismuth quadruplicate includes esomeprazole (nexium 20mg bid), amoxicillin (amoxicillin 1.0 bid), furazolidone (100mg bid) and pectin bismuth gel (150mg qid). Ban xia xie xin Decoction includes 10g of banxia, 10g of huangqin, 6g of coptis chinensis, 6g of dried ginger, 6g of ginseng, 6g of roasted licorice, 6g of Chinese jujube. One dose in the morning and one dose in the evening, and take after meals. Exhalation test or stool Helicobacter pylori antigen detection were used to assess the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori 30 days (the 45th day) after treatment; Adverse reactions were evaluated on the first day (15th day) and the 30th day (45th day) after treatment. The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori and the adverse drug reactions during the medication will be evaluated. The effect of Ban xia xie xin Decoction and bismuth quadruple on the eradication of helicobacter pylori infection will be explored.
In Part 1 of the study, participants will access PAINReportIt and PAINUCope computer-based programs. PAINReportIt helps the patients describe the pain experiences and PAINUCope provides multimedia education tailored to the patient's misconceptions about pain management. In Part 2 of the study, participants will continue to access PAINReportIt and PAINUCope programs when they are seen in the clinic, emergency department (ED), acute care center (ACC), and hospital. Their doctors will have access to PAINConsultN when seen at the ED, ACC, and hospital. PAINConsultN is just-in-time decision support for the physicians with the pain data summarized and suggestions for analgesics that may be useful to help manage the patient's pain.