anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Infectious diseases risk is directly related to human life safety. After the COVID-19 pandemic, people have paid unprecedented attention to the risk of infectious diseases. Compared with treatment after the outbreak of the epidemic, identifying the influencing factors of infectious disease risk and quantitatively analyzing and assessing infectious disease risk before the outbreak of the epidemic plays an equally important role. This article focuses on the risk of irregular outbreaks of infectious diseases. On the one hand, a method based on information gain is proposed to calculate the weight of environmental factors directly related to infectious disease risk, to clarify the correlation between environmental factors and infectious disease risk. On the other hand, the risk calculation method based on risk weight number is proposed to calculate the risk level of different infectious diseases under the influence of specific environmental factors. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified through case analysis and discussion. By comparing it with other risk assessment methods, the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method are demonstrated.
Large hiatal hernias, besides being more prevalent in the elderly, have a different clinical presentation: less reflux, more mechanical symptoms, and a greater possibility of acute, life-threatening complications such as gastric volvulus, ischemia, and visceral mediastinal perforation. Thus, surgical indications are distinct from gastroesophageal reflux disease-related sliding hiatal hernias. Heartburn tends to be less intense, while symptoms of chest pain, cough, discomfort, and tiredness are reported more frequently. Complaints of vomiting and dysphagia may suggest the presence of associated gastric volvulus. Signs of iron deficiency and anemia are found. Surgical indication is still controversial and was previously based on high mortality reported in emergency surgeries for gastric volvulus. Postoperative mortality is especially related to three factors: body mass index above 35, age over 70 years, and the presence of comorbidities. Minimally invasive elective surgery should be offered to symptomatic individuals with good or reasonable performance status, regardless of age group. In asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic patients, besides obviously identifying the patient's desire, a case-by-case analysis of surgical risk factors such as age, obesity, and comorbidities should be taken into consideration. Attention should also be paid to situations with greater technical difficulty and risks of acute migration due to increased abdominal pressure (abdominoplasty, manual labor, spastic diseases). Technical alternatives such as partial fundoplication and anterior gastropexy can be considered. We emphasize the importance of performing surgical procedures in cases of large hiatal hernias in high-volume centers, with experienced surgeons.
The current study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of Fernandoa adenophylla. Powder studies were carried out to estimate the quantitative physicochemical characteristics of the crude drug, including moisture content, ash content, and extractive values. Using a Soxhlet apparatus and different analytical grade solvents, 3 sample extracts of a crude drug were made. To evaluate the potentially toxic nature, an acute oral toxicity study was performed as per OECD guideline no. 423. Sample extracts were tested and analyzed by ANOVA for pharmacological potential (analgesic, antipyretic, and antidiabetic) using Wister-Albino rats. Where physicochemical analysis indicated purity, quality, and presence of organic/inorganic materials in crude drug extracts, no sign of mortality was found up to 2000 mg/kg of body weight of Fernandoa adenophyllas extracts. Analgesic activity was observed in all sample extracts, whereas only chloroform and ethanolic extracts expressed antipyretic and antidiabetic potential. Ethanolic extract was found to be most potent in pharmacological potential as 200 mg/kg extract dose exhibited %age pain inhibition of 55.12 % and reduced body temperature from 39.78±0.03 °C to 37.22±0.02 °C in hyperthermic rats. A decrease in blood glucose levels up to 57.88 % was observed on the 21st day of the treatment with 500 mg/kg ethanolic extract.
The invention discloses traditional Chinese medicine pills for treating alopecia. The traditional Chinese medicine pills are used for solving the problems of long courses of treatment, unobvious hair growth effect and the like existing in the prior art. The traditional Chinese medicine pills are characterized in that twelve Chinese herbal medicines including human placenta, dangshen and angelica sinensis serving as main medicines and poria, bighead atractylodes rhizome, liquorice, prepared rhizome of rehmannia, radix paeoniae alba, rhizoma ligustici wallichii, mulberry fruit, semen boitae and radix sileris serving as adjuvants have the effects of invigorating the spleen, supplementing qi, nourishing yin and tonifying blood, mutually supplement each other and synergistically take effects, so that the effects of preventing alopecia and growing new hair are achieved. The traditional Chinese medicine pills are prepared by compatibility of Chinese herbal medicines with the effects of invigorating the spleen, supplementing qi, nourishing yin and tonifying blood. The clinical application shows that the traditional Chinese medicine pills have remarkable curative effects on blood wind alopecia, alopecia caused by side effects of medicines, postpartum alopecia, anemia alopecia, alopecia caused by malnutrition and the like. After the traditional Chinese medicine pills are taken for 30-60 days, the regeneration rate of hair reaches up to 99%.
The present invention discloses a drug for promoting the production of body liquid and treating diarrhea, which has a formula according to components and parts by weight: 5 to 6 portions of codonopsis pilosula, 5 to 10 portions of stir-fried atractylodes macrocephala, 1 to 5 portions of poppy capsule, 6 to 15 portions of Chinese yam, 5 to 10 portions of black plum, 6 to 15 portions of white hyaciath bean, 6 to 15 portions of stir-fried coix seed, 3 to 10 portions of euryale seed, 6 to 10 portions of white tuckahoe, 3 to 10 portions of chicken's gizzard, 7 to 15 portions of white lotuses and 2 to 5 portions of glycyrrhiza. The drug for promoting the production of body liquid and treating diarrhea is used for spleen righting invigoration, body liquid production and diarrhea treatment, and mainly treats diseases, such as infant enteritis diarrhea, dyspepsia diarrhea, infant spirit tiredness caused by the diarrhea, water insufficiency caused by the diarrhea, etc. The present invention has the functions of body liquid production, diarrhea treatment and spleen righting invigoration. The drug for promoting the production of body liquid and treating diarrhea not only can treat superficial diseases, but also can treat root diseases. The drug is a pure traditional Chinese drug tablet and powder cooked into liquid for oral administration. The drug for promoting the production of body liquid and treating diarrhea has the advantages of no toxic or side effect, low cost and rapid treatment, a sick infant does not need to stay in hospital and take an injection, and the pain of the sick infant and parents is reduced. The sick infant can recover by treatment only from 3 to 5 days by costing tens of yuan.
[Problem] To provide: an estrogen activity modulator which contains, as an active ingredient, a novel component that can exhibit an estrogen-like activity in the absence of estrogen and can act antagonistically in the presence of estrogen; and an agent for ameliorating unidentified complaints associated with a menstrual cycle, which is produced using the estrogen activity modulator. [Solution] The characteristic features of the present invention that can solve the problem reside in the followings. (1) An estrogen activity modulator which can exhibit an estrogen-like activity in the absence of estrogen and can exhibit an estrogen-inhibiting activity in the presence of estrogen, and which contains a pterocarpan compound as an active ingredient. (2) An estrogen activity modulator which can exhibit an estrogen-like activity in the absence of estrogen and can exhibit an estrogen-inhibiting activity in the presence of estrogen, and which contains, as an active ingredient, an Aguaje extract containing 8-hydroxyhomopterocarpan and lespeflorin G8. (3) An agent for ameliorating unidentified complaints associated with a menstrual cycle, which contains a pterocarpan compound as an active ingredient. (4) An agent for ameliorating unidentified complaints associated with a menstrual cycle, which contains, as an active ingredient, an Aguaje extract containing 8-hydroxyhomopterocarpan and lespeflorin G8.
Neuroinflammation is an immune response in the central nervous system and poses a significant threat to human health. Studies have shown that the receptor serine/threonine protein kinase family (RIPK) family, a popular research target in inflammation, has been shown to play an essential role in neuroinflammation. It is significant to note that the previous reviews have only examined the link between RIPK1 and neuroinflammation. However, it has yet to systematically analyze the relationship between the RIPK family and neuroinflammation. Activation of RIPK1 promotes neuroinflammation. RIPK1 and RIPK3 are responsible for the control of cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammation. RIPK1 and RIPK3 regulate inflammatory responses through the release of damage in necroptosis. RIPK1 and RIPK3 regulate inflammatory responses by releasing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) during necrosis. In addition, activated RIPK1 nuclear translocation and its interaction with the BAF complex leads to upregulation of chromatin modification and inflammatory gene expression, thereby triggering inflammation. Although RIPK2 is not directly involved in regulating cell death, it is considered an essential target for treating neurological inflammation. When the peptidoglycan receptor detects peptidoglycan IE-DAP or MDP in bacteria, it prompts NOD1 and NOD2 to recruit RIPK2 and activate the XIAP E3 ligase. This leads to the K63 ubiquitination of RIPK2. This is followed by LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitination, which activates NF-KB and MAPK pathways to produce cytokines and chemokines. In conclusion, there are seven known members of the RIPK family, but RIPK4, RIPK5, RIPK6, and RIPK7 have not been linked to neuroinflammation. This article seeks to explore the potential of RIPK1, RIPK2, and RIPK3 kinases as therapeutic interventions for neuroinflammation, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome that has physiologic, biologic, and biochemical abnormalities caused by a dysregulated inflammatory response to infection. Sepsis and the inflammatory response that ensues can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. In the late 1970s, it was estimated that 164,000 cases of sepsis occurred in the United States (US) each year. Since then, rates of sepsis in the US and elsewhere have dramatically increased as supported by the following studies, although many of these are derived from academic institutions. The increased rate of sepsis is thought to be a consequence of advancing age, immunosuppression, and multidrug-resistant infection. It is also likely to be due to the increased detection of early sepsis from aggressive sepsis education and awareness campaigns, although this hypothesis is unproven. Guidelines should focus on pre-hospital assessment and triage. Indeed, respiratory infections represented the most common cause of sepsis in that cohort, and postoperative infections were another important part of the problem. Whether these conditions apply to patients with shock in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) is unknown, but the incidence of community-acquired infections would be higher, with a greater prevalence of gastroenteritis, septic abortion, and skin and soft tissue infections as causes of septic shock. The bacteriology of bloodstream infections across LMICs varies substantially depending on regional and population characteristics. In a meta-analysis of 19 prospective studies on community-acquired bacteraemia in Africa, the most common organisms isolated were Salmonella spp (predominantly non-typhi), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Gram-negative organisms such as Escherichia coli.11 Among cases for which mortality data were recorded, patients with bloodstream infections had an average mortality of 21.5%. Although data are lacking, appropriate antibiotic treatment for these infections on the basis of bacterial resistance patterns will ultimately depend on the ecological pressures resulting from local antibiotic availability and patterns of use.

We aimed to evaluate the approach to sepsis in Turkey as a multi-centered study.
Hybridization blurs species boundaries and leads to intertwined lineages resulting in reticulate evolution. Polyploidy, the outcome of whole genome duplication (WGD), has more recently been implicated in promoting and facilitating hybridization between polyploid species, potentially leading to adaptive introgression. However, because polyploid lineages are usually ephemeral states in the evolutionary history of life it is unclear whether WGD-potentiated hybridization has any appreciable effect on their diploid counterparts. Here, we develop a model of cytotype dynamics within mixed-ploidy populations to demonstrate that polyploidy can in fact serve as a bridge for gene flow between diploid lineages, where introgression is fully or partially hampered by the species barrier. Polyploid bridges emerge in the presence of triploid organisms, which despite critically low levels of fitness, can still allow the transfer of alleles between diploid states of independently evolving mixed-ploidy species. Notably, while marked genetic divergence prevents polyploid-mediated interspecific gene flow, we show that increased recombination rates can offset these evolutionary constraints, allowing a more efficient sorting of alleles at higher-ploidy levels before introgression into diploid gene pools. Additionally, we derive an analytical approximation for the rate of gene flow at the tetraploid level necessary to supersede introgression between diploids with nonzero introgression rates, which is especially relevant for plant species complexes, where interspecific gene flow is ubiquitous. Altogether, our results illustrate the potential impact of polyploid bridges on the (re)distribution of genetic material across ecological communities during evolution, representing a potential force behind reticulation.
Epirubicin is an anthracycline cytotoxic agent. Although it is known that anthracyclines can interfere with a number of biochemical and biological functions within eukaryotic cells, the precise mechanisms of epirubicin's cytotoxic and/or antiproliferative properties have not been completely elucidated. 

Epirubicin forms a complex with DNA by intercalation of its planar rings between nucleotide base pairs, with consequent inhibition of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) and protein synthesis. 

Such intercalation triggers DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II, resulting in cytocidal activity. Epirubicin also inhibits DNA helicase activity, preventing the enzymatic separation of double-stranded DNA and interfering with replication and transcription. Epirubicin is also involved in oxidation/reduction reactions by generating cytotoxic free radicals. The antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity of epirubicin is thought to result from these or other possible mechanisms. 

Epirubicin is cytotoxic in vitro to a variety of established murine and human cell lines and primary cultures of human tumors. It is also active in vivo against a variety of murine tumors and human xenografts in athymic mice, including breast tumors.
Placebo supplementation group will have 12 participants. They will perform various physical assessments that include pain scale, pain pressure threshold assessment, body composition, calf circumference measurements, muscle thickness measurements, Achilles tendon length and thickness measurements, myotonography of the calf, isometric force assessments during standing and seated plantarflexion positions, a heel raise test, and a standardized exercise routine focused on eccentric movements, targeting a leg chosen at random. Additionally, they will consume a daily dose of placebo (two 30 g of pure maltodextrin with no amino acids) mixed in 300 ml of orange Gatorade zero.
BACKGROUND: The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by lung inflammation and edema, impairing both oxygenation and lung compliance. Recent studies reported a dissociation between oxygenation and compliance (severe hypoxemia with preserved compliance) in early ARDS and COVID-19-related-ARDS (CARDS). During the pandemic, in patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, we observed the opposite combination (mild-moderate hypoxemia but significantly impaired compliance). The purpose of our study was to investigate the prevalence of this combination of mild-moderate hypoxemia and impaired compliance in persistent ARDS and CARDS.
METHODS: For this retrospective study, we used individual patient-level data from two independent cohorts of ARDS patients. The ARDSNet cohort included patients from four ARDS Network randomized controlled trials. The CARDS cohort included patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 hospitalized in two intensive care units in Greece. We used a threshold of 150 for PaO2/FiO2 and 30 ml/cmH2O for compliance, estimated the prevalence of each of the four combinations of oxygenation and compliance at baseline, and examined the change in its prevalence from baseline to day 21 in the ARDSNet and CARDS cohorts.
RESULTS: The ARDSNet cohort included 2909 patients and the CARDS cohort included 349 patients. The prevalence of the combination of mild-moderate hypoxemia and low compliance increased from baseline to day 21 both in the ARDSNet cohort (from 22.2 to 42.7%) and in the CARDS cohort (from 3.1 to 33.3%). Among surviving patients with low compliance, oxygenation improved over time. The 60-day mortality rate was higher for patients who had mild-moderate hypoxemia and low compliance on day 21 (28% and 56% in ARDSNet and CARDS), compared to those who had mild-moderate hypoxemia and high compliance (20% and 50%, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with ARDS who require prolonged controlled mechanical ventilation, regardless of ARDS etiology, a dissociation between oxygenation and compliance characterized by mild-moderate hypoxemia but low compliance becomes increasingly prevalent. The findings of this study highlight the importance of monitoring mechanics in patients with persistent ARDS.
Participants who are randomly assigned to the agomelatine group will be treated with agomelatine oral tablets for twelve weeks. Participants will begin their agomelatine treatment at 25mg/day dosage, increasing to 50mg/day as clinically indicated.
Concomitant use of benzodiazepines, including diazepam, and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Because of these risks, reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate.

Observational studies have demonstrated that concomitant use of opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines increases the risk of drug-related mortality compared to use of opioids alone. If a decision is made to prescribe diazepam tablets concomitantly with opioids, prescribe the lowest effective dosages and minimum durations of concomitant use, and follow patients closely for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation. In patients already receiving an opioid analgesic, prescribe a lower initial dose of diazepam tablets than indicated in the absence of an opioid and titrate based on clinical response. If an opioid is initiated in a patient already taking diazepam, prescribe a lower initial dose of the opioid and titrate based upon clinical response.   


Advise both patients and caregivers about the risks of respiratory depression and sedation when diazepam is used with opioids. Advise patients not to drive or operate heavy machinery until the effects of concomitant use with the opioid have been determined (see PRECAUTIONS: Drug Interactions).
Structural racism has been identified as a fundamental cause of health disparities. For example, racial, ethnic, and economic neighborhood segregation; concentrated poverty; community disinvestment; and sociocultural context influence obesity and cancer disparities. Effects of structural racism are also evident through neighborhood obesogenic conditions such as limited access to affordable and healthy foods and physical activity opportunities within segregated communities that contribute to obesity and obesity-related cancer disparities. This article describes and expands on cross-cutting themes raised during a webinar held by the National Cancer Institute (NCI): (1) how structural factors, including neighborhood segregation and obesogenic conditions within racial and ethnic disadvantaged communities, influence disparities in the United States; (2) current research challenges and best ways to address them; and (3) selected priorities of the NCI aimed at addressing multilevel and intersecting factors that influence obesity-related cancer disparities. Further research is needed to understand how residential segregation and neighborhood obesogenic conditions influence cancer prevention and control across the continuum. Identifying the best approaches to address obesity and cancer disparities using social determinants of health framework and community-engaged approaches guided by a structural racism lens will allow researchers to move beyond individual-level approaches.
Mefloquine Hydrochloride Tablets USP are an antimalarial agent available as 250 mg tablets of mefloquine hydrochloride (equivalent to 228 mg of the free base) for oral administration.

Mefloquine Hydrochloride USP is a 4-quinolinemethanol derivative with the specific chemical name of (R*, S*)-(±)-α-2-piperidinyl-2,8-bis (trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinemethanol hydrochloride. It is a 2-aryl substituted chemical structural analog of quinine. The drug is a white to almost white crystalline compound, slightly soluble in water. The structural formula is as follows:

C17H16F6N2O.HCl M.W.: 414.78

The inactive ingredients are colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, crospovidone, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, poloxamer and talc.
Frailty in patients with advanced heart failure is not thoroughly described, but in those studies that assessed frailty, it was a common phenomenon. Furthermore, some data suggest an association between pre-LVAD implant frailty and post-implant complications and survival. Interventions for frailty have been utilized in various populations, including the elderly frail and the frail from cardiovascular causes. These interventions target physical strengthening and endurance and have been shown on occasion to improve functional outcomes. The current study, a pilot study, seeks to assess frailty in a prospective cohort of patients being evaluated in Heart Failure Clinic for consideration of LVAD implantation due to NYHA class III-IV dyspnea and enroll these patients in a six-week focused cardiac rehabilitation protocol aimed at improving frailty and functional independence. The primary endpoint of the study is improvement in frailty markers at the end (gait speed, handgrip strength), and secondary endpoints include improvement in the indices of quality of life and symptomatology via validated questionnaires.