anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Patients with Acute on Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) have high short-term mortality. The use of a severity score could define the patient's prognosis and would help determine in whom the treatment is effective. This study mainly prospectively analyze the clinical data of patients with chronic liver disease related acute liver failure admitted to the department of infectious diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, to analyze the short-time and relatively long-term prognosis of patients with chronic liver disease related acute on-chronic liver failure. This is an observational study. All subjects will receive the currently recognized routine treatment of liver failure and corresponding etiological treatment if needed. The researchers will collect various clinical examination indexes of the subjects in the process of diagnosis and treatment, including but not limited to blood routine, biochemistry, coagulation function, liver imaging, therapeutic drugs, etc. Complications and prognosis of patients will be recorded. Blood samples, urine and stool samples of all subjects will be taken after enrollment and stored for probably testing in the future. This study has no additional intervention and treatment for subjects. All subjects will sign informed consent.
In 2009, the multicenter Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Consortium was implemented to characterize the clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and blood-based biomarker features of TBI to inform design of next-generation precision medicine clinical trials in TBI. Over the past 10+ years, TRACK-TBI has been supported by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Department of Defense (DoD), Department of Energy (DoE), the National Football League, and other philanthropic and industry partners. TRACK-TBI has enrolled \>3000 control and TBI subjects across the injury spectrum at 18 US Level 1 Trauma Centers. This effort has established the world's largest collection of TBI imaging studies and bio-specimens. The study results are already being adopted into clinical research and bedside practice. The TRACK-TBI Consortium is now primed to deliver on critical military and public health knowledge gaps and needs: objective classification of TBI based on what is termed as "mechanistic" endophenotypes, e.g., diffuse axonal injury (DAI), microvascular injury (MVI), and neuroinflammation. An endophenotype is an internal phenotype discoverable by biochemical, physiological, radiological, pathological, or other techniques, which is intermediate between a complex phenotype and the presumptive genetic or environmental contribution to a disease. Endophenotypes are quantitative, continuous variables, unlike a phenotype which is usually a binary, categorical variable. These mechanistic endophenotypes, defined by imaging and blood-based biomarkers, will direct targeted treatments based on mechanism, providing the tools needed for successful execution of precision medicine clinical trials. To achieve the goal of precision medicine in TBI, it is necessary to identify subgroups of TBI patients that will respond to a targeted therapy. Investigators will assess putative blood-based and neuroimaging biomarkers for DAI, MVI, and neuroinflammation. Fluid biomarkers complement imaging markers and may provide important tools for precision medicine clinical trials. Investigators will collect acute data (early and ultra-early i.e., hours-days following injury), to validate the utility of these biomarkers in defining TBI mechanistic endophenotypes for use in clinical trials.

Specific Aim for TRACK-TBI Precision Medicine Phase 2-Option 1: To validate early and ultra-early blood based and novel imaging biomarkers of DAI, MVI, and neuroinflammation that may serve as predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers in a cohort of moderate-severe subjects.
Intrauterine growth restriction leads to an altered lipid and amino acid profile in the cord blood at the end of pregnancy. Pre-pregnancy underweight is an early risk factor for impaired fetal growth. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) of <18.5 kg/m2, as early as at the beginning of pregnancy, is associated with changes in the umbilical cord metabolome. In a sample of the Survey of Neonates in Pomerania (SNIP) birth cohort, the cord blood metabolome of n = 240 newborns of mothers with a ppBMI of <18.5 kg/m2 with n = 208 controls (ppBMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) was measured by NMR spectrometry. A maternal ppBMI of <18.5 kg/m2 was associated with increased concentrations of HDL4 cholesterol, HDL4 phospholipids, VLDL5 cholesterol, HDL 2, and HDL4 Apo-A1, as well as decreased VLDL triglycerides and HDL2 free cholesterol. A ppBMI of <18.5 kg/m2 combined with poor intrauterine growth (a gestational weight gain (GWG) < 25th percentile) was associated with decreased concentrations of total cholesterol; cholesterol transporting lipoproteins (LDL4, LDL6, LDL free cholesterol, and HDL2 free cholesterol); LDL4 Apo-B; total Apo-A2; and HDL3 Apo-A2. In conclusion, maternal underweight at the beginning of pregnancy already results in metabolic changes in the lipid profile in the cord blood, but the pattern changes when poor GWG is followed by pre-pregnancy underweight.
Atenolol and chlorthalidone may potentiate the action of other antihypertensive agents used concomitantly. Patients treated with atenolol and chlorthalidone plus a catecholamine depletor (e.g., reserpine) should be closely observed for evidence of hypotension and/or marked bradycardia which may produce vertigo, syncope or postural hypotension.

Calcium channel blockers may also have an additive effect when given with atenolol and chlorthalidone. (See WARNINGS.)

Disopyramide is a Type I antiarrhythmic drug with potent negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. Disopyramide has been associated with severe bradycardia, asystole and heart failure when administered with beta-blockers.

Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic agent with negative chronotropic properties that may be additive to those seen with beta-blockers.

Thiazides may decrease arterial responsiveness to norepinephrine. This diminution is not sufficient to preclude the therapeutic effectiveness of norepinephrine. Thiazides may increase the responsiveness to tubocurarine.

Concomitant use of prostaglandin synthase inhibiting drugs, e.g., indomethacin, may decrease the hypotensive effects of beta-blockers.

Lithium generally should not be given with diuretics because they reduce its renal clearance and add a high risk of lithium toxicity. Read prescribing information for lithium preparations before use of such preparations with atenolol and chlorthalidone.

Beta-blockers may exacerbate the rebound hypertension which can follow the withdrawal of clonidine. If the two drugs are coadministered, the beta-blocker should be withdrawn several days before the gradual withdrawal of clonidine. If replacing clonidine by beta-blocker therapy, the introduction of beta-blockers should be delayed for several days after clonidine administration has stopped.

While taking beta-blockers, patients with a history of anaphylactic reaction to a variety of allergens may have a more severe reaction on repeated challenge, either accidental, diagnostic or therapeutic. Such patients may be unresponsive to the usual doses of epinephrine used to treat the allergic reaction.

Both digitalis glycosides and beta-blockers slow atrioventricular conduction and decrease heart rate. Concomitant use can increase the risk of bradycardia.
Investigators will test the hypothesis that liraglutide, because of its actions on the β-cell, will amplify the effects of lifestyle management to improve β-cell function. Investigators will recruit MA ages 18-40, since above this age the incidence of T2DM in obese MA women in our experience approaches 50%. The primary endpoint will be β-cell function (AIRg) in response to lifestyle change with and without GLP-1 agonist at 3 months. Secondary endpoints will be reversal of metabolic syndrome and changes in plasma biomarkers. By the end of 3 months, the prediabetic subject will be in the best possible metabolic control, and investigators would predict that the liraglutide group would reveal better β-cell function. Thus, data from this time point will be used for pharmacogenetic studies. The program will be continued for 3 more months for transition to regular healthy meals with the goal of weight maintenance. During this second 3 months, subjects will be off liraglutide to determine the sustainability of the improved β-cell function. In the absence of weight re-gain, investigators predict that the intensive weight loss alone group would maintain improved β-cell function, but the intensive weight loss+liraglutide group would display even better function. These results will provide useful information about improving β-cell function in the management of young women with pre-diabetes.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a drug composition, having sufficient stability with the lapse and excellent in bioavailability by compounding APB to a pharmaceutical additive specifically suitable for APB. SOLUTION: This drug composition contains 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[(2 S,4S)-1-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-4pyrrolidinyl]benzamide (APB) and one or more pharmaceutical additives selected from a sugar alcohol, a starch, a monosaccharide, sucrose, stearic acid, a stearic acid salt and talc. The drug contains a pharmaceutical additive in an amount of 1-1999 pts.wt., preferably 1-999 pts.wt. based on 1 pt.wt. of APB. When the drug is administered as a medical preparation, APB is contained in an amount of 0.1-20mg in an administration unit. The drug can be formulated into various administration forms.
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was the first virus to be studied in detail and, for many years, TMV and other tobamoviruses, particularly tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and tobamoviruses infecting pepper (Capsicum spp.), were serious crop pathogens. By the end of the twentieth and for the first decade of the twenty-first century, tobamoviruses were under some degree of control due to introgression of resistance genes into commercial tomato and pepper lines. However, tobamoviruses remained important models for molecular biology, biotechnology and bio-nanotechnology. Recently, tobamoviruses have again become serious crop pathogens due to the advent of tomato brown rugose fruit virus, which overcomes tomato resistance against TMV and ToMV, and the slow but apparently inexorable worldwide spread of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, which threatens all cucurbit crops. This review discusses a range of mainly molecular biology-based approaches for protecting crops against tobamoviruses. These include cross-protection (using mild tobamovirus strains to 'immunize' plants against severe strains), expressing viral gene products in transgenic plants to inhibit the viral infection cycle, inducing RNA silencing against tobamoviruses by expressing virus-derived RNA sequences in planta or by direct application of double-stranded RNA molecules to non-engineered plants, gene editing of host susceptibility factors, and the transfer and optimization of natural resistance genes.
BACKGROUND: Conversations around disease conducted through social media provide a means for capturing public perspectives that may be useful in considering public health approaches. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that is re-emerging. We sought to characterise online discourse on syphilis using data collected from the social media platform, Twitter.
METHODS: We extracted English-language tweets containing the word 'syphilis' posted on Twitter in 2019. Tweet identification number and URL, date and time of posting, number of retweets and likes, and the author's screen name, username and biographical statement were included in the dataset. A systematically sampled 10% subset of the data was subjected to qualitative analysis, involving categorisation on content. All tweets assigned to the category of medical resource were assessed for clinical accuracy. The engagement ratio for each category was calculated as (retweets+likes):tweets.
RESULTS: In 2019, 111,388 tweets mentioning syphilis were posted by 69,921 authors. The most frequent content category - totalling 5370 tweets (48%) - was a joke. Of 1762 tweets (16%) categorised as a medical resource, 1484 (84%) were medically correct and 240 (14%) were medically incorrect; for 38 (2%), medical accuracy could not be judged from the information posted. Tweets categorised as personal experiences had the highest engagement ratio at approximately 19:1. Medical resource tweets had an engagement ratio of approximately 7:1.
CONCLUSIONS: We found medical information about syphilis was limited on Twitter. As tweets about personal experiences generate high engagement, coupling an experience with information may provide opportunity for public health education.
Priming: Priming VENTOLIN HFA is essential to ensure appropriate albuterol content in each actuation. Prime VENTOLIN HFA before using for the first time, when the inhaler has not been used for more than 2 weeks, or when the inhaler has been dropped. To prime VENTOLIN HFA, release 4 sprays into the air away from the face, shaking well before each spray. 

Cleaning: To ensure proper dosing and to prevent actuator orifice blockage, wash the actuator with warm water and let it air-dry completely at least once a week.

Dose Counter: VENTOLIN HFA has a dose counter attached to the canister that starts at 204 or 64 and counts down each time a spray is released [see Dosage Forms and Strengths (3)]. When the counter reads 020, the patient should contact the pharmacist for a refill of medication or consult the physician to determine whether a prescription refill is needed.

VENTOLIN HFA comes in a moisture-protective foil pouch, which should be removed prior to use. Discard VENTOLIN HFA when the counter reads 000 or 12 months after removal from the moisture-protective foil pouch, whichever comes first [see Dosage Forms and Strengths (3)].

See 17.8 FDA-Approved Patient Labeling for instructions on how to prime and clean the inhaler to ensure proper dosing and to prevent actuator orifice blockage.
BACKGROUND: Circulating plasma proteins are clinically useful biomarkers for stroke risk. We examined the causal links between plasma proteins and stroke risk in individuals of South Asian ancestry.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We applied proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and colocalization approaches to understand causality of 2922 plasma proteins on stroke risk in individuals of South Asian ancestry. We obtained genetic instruments (proxies) for plasma proteins from the UK Biobank (N=920). Genome-wide association studies summary data for strokes (N≤11 312) were sourced from GIGASTROKE consortium. Our primary approach involved the Wald ratio or inverse-variance-weighted methods, with statistical significance set at false discovery rate <0.1. Additionally, a Bayesian colocalization approach assessed shared causal variants among proteome, transcriptome, and stroke phenotypes to minimize bias from linkage disequilibrium. We found evidence of a potential causal effect of plasma GP6 (glycoprotein VI) levels on cardioembolic stroke (odds ratio [OR]Wald ratio=2.53 [95% CI, 1.59-4.03]; P=9.2×10-5, false discovery rate=0.059). Generalized Mendelian randomization accounting for correlated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with the P value threshold at P<5×10-8 and clumped at r2=0.3, showed consistent direction of effect of GP6 on cardioembolic stroke (ORgeneralized inverse-variance-weighted=2.21 [95% CI, 1.46-3.33]; P=1.6×10-4). Colocalization analysis indicated that plasma GP6 levels colocalize with cardioembolic stroke (posterior probability=91.4%). Multitrait colocalization combining transcriptome, proteome, and cardioembolic stroke showed moderate to strong evidence that these 2 traits colocalize with GP6 expression in the coronary artery and brain tissues (multitrait posterior probability>50%). The potential causal effect of GP6 on cardioembolic stroke was not significant in European populations (ORinverse-variance-weighted=1.08 [95% CI, 0.93-1.26]; P=0.29).
CONCLUSIONS: Our joint Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses suggest that genetically predicted GP6 is potentially causally associated with cardioembolic stroke risk in individuals of South Asian ancestry. As genetic data on individuals of South Asian ancestry increase, future Mendelian randomization studies with larger sample size for plasma GP6 levels should be implemented to further validate our findings. Additionally, clinical studies will be necessary to verify GP6 as a therapeutic target for cardioembolic stroke in South Asians.
The aim of this study is to evaluate a simplified, more cost-effective procedure for the use of toric intraocular lenses, with a focus on suitability for NHS cataract surgery. This study will involve the use of standard, "off-the-shelf" toric lenses rather than having them specifically tailored and ordered for each individual patient. Eligible participants (\>1.25 D of corneal astigmatism) will be randomised, receiving a toric IOL with either a 2.00 or 4.00 diopter (D) correction, depending on the degree of pre-operative astigmatism, or a toric IOL individually tailored to and ordered for each patients' precise degree of corneal astigmatism. With the "off the shelf" toric IOL group the correction of the astigmatic refractive error will be refined with the use of adjunctive limbal relaxing incisions LRIs and/or off axis rotation of the toric IOL (based on a standardized protocol) so the full amount of corneal astigmatism can be targeted for correction for each patient. The clinical outcome will then be measured and compared between the 2 groups. Independent safety monitoring will be performed.
PURPOSE:To obtain an immunoactivator useful for preventing and treating infectious diseases, having strongly immunoactivating action, containing an isomaltooligosaccharide as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION:An isomaltooligosaccharide (e.g. isomaltose), an oligosaccharide containing 2-1,6 bond glucose molecule, which is directly used as it is in syrup or powdered by a proper method is directly used as it is or properly added to food or drink or drugs to give the aimed substance. In the case of food or drink, the aimed substance is used as sweetener for cakes, refreshing drinks, etc., and in the case of drugs, the substance is used as a coating material. The isomaltooligosaccharide properly increases T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte important in an immune system by oral administration and activated immune system of organisms. Effects in organisms of vaccine, etc., can be amplified by maintaining enhanced resistance of organisms.
People in intervention group are required to have a daily work and rest time of 7-8 hours, adjusted according to their original work and rest, but no later than 9:00 to get up and 23:00 to fall asleep; change their intimate clothes every day and clean themselves at least twice a day（mainly including brushing their teeth and washing their faces at least twice in the morning and evening, and showering once）The bed is guaranteed to sun/wash the quilt once a month, the sheets are changed twice a week in spring and autumn, and once a month in winter. The desk in the dorm is arranged neatly and orderly, the study and daily necessities are sorted and placed, at least there is place for office and study, the bed is clean and tidy, no garbage, no dirt. It is required to upload the hygiene situation of the bedroom (including the desk and the bed) once a week, and take a photo every time the bedding is changed.
BACKGROUND: Optimal management of traumatic extracranial cerebrovascular injuries (ECVIs) remains undefined. We sought to evaluate the factors that influence management and neurologic outcomes (stroke and brain death) following traumatic ECVI.
METHODS: A retrospective review of a single level 1 trauma center's prospectively maintained data registry of patients older than 18 years of age with a diagnosis of ECVI was performed from 2013 to 2019. Injuries limited to the external carotid artery were excluded. Patient demographics, type of injury, timing of presentation, Biffl Classification of Cerebrovascular Injury Grade, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and Abbreviated Injury Scale were documented. Ultimate treatments (medical management and procedural interventions) and brain-related outcomes (stroke and brain death) were recorded.
RESULTS: ECVIs were identified in 96 patients. The primary mechanism of injury was blunt trauma (89.5% vs. 10.5%, blunt versus penetrating), with 70 cases (66%) of vertebral artery injury and 37 cases of carotid artery injury. Treatments included vascular intervention (6.5%) and medical management (93.5%). Overall outcomes included ipsilateral ischemic stroke (29%) and brain death (6.5%). In the carotid group, vascular intervention was associated with higher Biffl grades (mean Biffl 3.17 vs. 2.23; P = 0.087) and decreased incidence of brain death (0% vs. 19%, P = 0.006), with no difference seen in ISS scores. Brain death was associated with higher ISS scores (40.29 vs. 24.17, P = 0.01), lower glascow coma score on arrival (3.57 vs. 10.63, P < 0.001), and increased rates of ischemic stroke (71% vs. 30%, P = 0.025). In the vertebral group, neither Biffl grade nor ISS were associated with treatment or outcomes. Regarding the timing of stroke in ECVI, there was no significant difference in the time from presentation to cerebral infarction between the carotid and vertebral artery groups (24.7 hr vs. 21.20 hr, P = 0.739). After this window, 98% of the ECVI cases demonstrated no further aneurysmal degeneration or new neurological deficits beyond the early time period (mean follow-up 9.7 months).
CONCLUSIONS: Blunt cerebrovascular injuries should be viewed distinctly in the carotid and vertebral territories. In cases of injury to the carotid artery, Biffl grade and ISS score are associated with surgical intervention and neurologic events, respectively; vertebral artery injuries did not share this association. Neurologic deficits were detected in a similar time frame between the carotid artery and the vertebral artery injury groups and both groups had rare late neurologic events.
This cross-sectional clinical study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Istanbul Okan University and conducted both at its Endodontics and Restorative Departments of Dentistry Faculty. A query of the Nucleus database (a patient management software) was performed to identify dental charts of patients who received endodontic treatment between December 2018 and January 2020. We searched only for primary endodontic treatment of vital tooth codes, and then selected the same endodontic specialists' patients. A total of 400 teeth were identified for screening. Next, a specified restorative dentistry specialist's patient searched within these patients, and 150 patients were obtained. The study was completed with 68 participants (n=34 each). Then data and radiographs of patients were checked out for the eligibility criteria.
PURPOSE: To obtain the subject cosmetic or dermatological preparation capable of alleviating ill effect caused by the exposure to light, especially ultraviolet light and useful as a protector against ultraviolet light by compounding δ- aminolevulinic acid as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION: This preparation for cosmetic or dermatological preparation is obtained as follows. Delta-aminolevulinic acid as a radical inhibitor, an antioxidant and/or a quenching agent against a reaction product generated by photochemistry, e.g. single oxygen, δ-aminolevulinic acid as an active ingredient or δ-aminolevulinic acid together with an antioxidant, especially a tocopherol, a tocopheryl ester, etc., is compounded with cosmetic adjuvants e.g. a preservative, a bactericide, a perfume, a foam-inhibitor, a dyestuff, a coloring agent, a thickener, a surfactant, an emulsifier, a plasticizer, a humectant, a fat, an oil, a wax, an alcohol, a polyol, a polymer, water, etc. The obtained preparation can alleviate ill effect caused by the exposure to ultraviolet light.