anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Axons are an essential component of the nervous system, and axon degeneration is an early feature of many neurodegenerative disorders. The NAD+ metabolome plays an essential role in regulating axonal integrity. Axonal levels of NAD+ and its precursor NMN are controlled in large part by the NAD+ synthesizing survival factor NMNAT2 and the pro-neurodegenerative NADase SARM1, whose activation triggers axon destruction. SARM1 has emerged as a promising axon-specific target for therapeutic intervention, and its function, regulation, structure, and role in neurodegenerative diseases have been extensively characterized in recent years. In this review, we first introduce the key molecular players involved in the SARM1-dependent axon degeneration program. Next, we summarize recent major advances in our understanding of how SARM1 is kept inactive in healthy neurons and how it becomes activated in injured or diseased neurons, which has involved important insights from structural biology. Finally, we discuss the role of SARM1 in neurodegenerative disorders and environmental neurotoxicity and its potential as a therapeutic target.
BACKGROUND: There are limited data on the clinical features and longitudinal prognosis of variable obstruction, particularly among never smokers and different variable obstruction types. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of the participants with variable obstruction and determine the relationship between variable obstruction and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the decline of lung function in a community-dwelling study of Chinese, especially among never smokers and different variable obstruction subtypes.
METHODS: Participants with preserved spirometry (postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥0.70) at baseline from the Early COPD cohort were included in our analysis. Participants with variable obstruction (prebronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.70) were compared with those without variable obstruction (prebronchodilator FEV1/FVC ≥0.70). We performed subgroup analyses in never smokers, former and current smokers, and different variable obstruction types (postbronchodilator FVC <prebronchodilator FVC or postbronchodilator FVC ≥prebronchodilator FVC).
RESULTS: The final analysis included 1140 participants with preserved spirometry (169 in the variable obstruction group) at baseline. Participants with variable obstruction were older, had lower lung function and had greater severe emphysema and computed tomography-defined air trapping than participants without variable obstruction. Participants with variable obstruction had a significantly increased risk of incident spirometry-defined COPD (relative risk: 3.22, 95% confidence interval 2.23 to 4.64, p <0.001) than those without variable obstruction after adjustment for covariates. These findings remained consistent among both former and current smokers, never smokers, and different variable obstruction types. Additionally, participants with variable obstruction had a faster decline in postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC (2.3±0.5%/year vs 0.9±0.4%/year, mean difference: 1.4 (95% confidence interval 0.5 to 2.3), p=0.002) than participants without variable obstruction after adjustment for covariates.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study revealed that variable obstruction can identify individuals who are at risk for the development of COPD and accelerated postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC decline in preserved spirometry.
Bilateral posterior and subcostal TAP blocks guided by ultrasound will be performed in the preoperative holding area. A total of 80 mL ropivacaine 0.25% (4 injections, 20 mL per injection) will be injected evenly upon identification of the appropriate planes. In the event the placement of block is uncomfortable for the patients, it will be performed after induction of anesthesia. This approach is currently practiced in the OR. Extent and degree of anesthetic blockage will be measured using a 5-point sensation scale following the procedure at 4 areas on the anterior abdominal wall (above and below the umbilicus bilaterally).
A method for monitoring ARV resistance, to determine viral fitness, and to forecast possible drug failure utilizes two nucleic acid sequences. One nucleic acid includes a retroviral nucleic acid devoid of at least a majority of the sequence for one of the two long terminal repeat regions. A second nucleic acid, includes a retroviral nucleic acid sequence devoid of the sequences encoding an envelope gene and the second long terminal repeat region of the retrovirus. The method allows the rapid cloning of an amplicon into an HIV-1 genome vector through recombination/gap repair in organisms such as yeast. The vectors can be directly passed to a mammalian cell line which has been specifically engineered to produce replication competent HIV-1 particles. The susceptibility of an isolate to any of several ARVs, i.e. PRIs, NRTIs, NNRTIs, T20, as well as entry and integrase inhibitors in development/clinical trials, may be tested.
This randomized controlled trial aims to assess the efficacy of social media-based electronic bibliotherapy in improving the well-being of informal caregivers. Sixty informal caregivers of people with dementia were recruited and randomly allocated to the social media-based electronic bibliotherapy group or usual care group. Participants in the social media-based electronic bibliotherapy group received eight weekly e-bibliotherapy sessions. The control group only accepted the usual care provided by community services, but they received the same intervention materials as the intervention group after project completion. Mental health, caregiving appraisal, health-related quality of life, and psychological well-being were measured to test the intervention's effects immediately after completion. Individual interviews were conducted to explore caregivers' experiences participating in this study within two weeks after completing the intervention.
Participants in the intervention group were patients with hypertension who had been provided ADELE for the duration of the study. The observation period per participant was 3 months on average. Data on the primary, secondary and exploratory endpoints were gathered using questionnaires at study inclusion (t0) and an average of 3 months after randomization (t1).
The surgical treatment of pain has been an integral part of neurosurgery since the early 20th century when Harvey Cushing pioneered ganglionectomy for trigeminal neuralgia. Over the ensuing years, as anatomic and physiologic knowledge of pain systems grew, new techniques aimed at new targets were developed for various pain conditions. Our objective was to provide an informative and up-to-date summary of radiosurgery for chronic facial pain, emphasizing trigeminal neuralgia and discussing the advantages and challenges of this modality. A PubMed search with keywords ("trigeminal neuralgia" or "cluster headache" or "glossopharyngeal neuralgia") and ("radiosurgery") and ("systematic review" or "review") was conducted. Relevant publications in English published from January 2000 to May 2022 were screened manually for their title, abstract, and even full text to determine their relevance. References from the searched articles were also searched as other supplementary articles. We excluded original articles and personal series from the analysis and only considered systematic reviews to maintain the transparency in the record. A total of 19 studies for trigeminal neuralgia (n > 100), 52 cases of cluster headache, and 42 cases of glossopharyngeal neuralgia were found. Radiosurgery remains the safest among various treatment options with equitable pain control with other percutaneous procedures. MVD remains the gold standard for long-term pain control. There is no difference in efficacy or tolerance between patients treated with gamma knife, linear accelerator, or CyberKnife. The minimum recommended prescription dose was 70 Gy (level of evidence II), and the maximum dose was 90 Gy (level of evidence III) in a single fraction. Radiosurgery provides 5-year pain control in 50% of patients without medication (85% of patients with/without medication) with an average latency period of 1-3 months. Approximately 8-15% of patients will experience a recurrence of pain after an average period of 1 year. Prospective pain relief will be about 60% at 3 years, 40% at 7 years, and 37% in 10 years. The main complication was facial hypoesthesia occurring in 25-50% of patients within 6 months-3 years and disabling in 10% of cases. Cluster headache and glossopharyngeal neuralgia are emerging conditions for treatment with GKRS, although long-term efficacy remains to be studied. Having searched PubMed and other databases and summarized the application of radiosurgery for facial pain, we concluded that radiosurgery is undoubtedly a promising tool for chronic facial pain, but further studies are needed to realize its long-term efficiency and advanced applications of the same.
There is limited clinical experience with QUVIVIQ overdose. In clinical pharmacology studies, healthy subjects were administered single doses of up to 200 mg (4 times the maximum recommended dose) of QUVIVIQ. The following adverse reactions were observed: somnolence, muscle weakness, cataplexy-like symptoms, sleep paralysis, disturbance in attention, fatigue, headache, and constipation.

There is no specific antidote to an overdosage of QUVIVIQ. In the event of an overdose, general symptomatic and supportive medical care, along with immediate gastric lavage where appropriate, should be provided and patients should be carefully monitored. Dialysis is unlikely to be effective as daridorexant is highly protein bound. Consider contacting the Poison Help Line (1-800-222-1222) or a medical toxicologist for additional overdosage management recommendations.
The impact of critical illness is increasing due to an aging population as well as advances in effectiveness and availability of critical care. Critically ill patients and their families suffer a high burden of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress due, in part, to fragmented medical care that is often poorly aligned with their goals. Fragmented care includes numerous transitions for patients and families across clinicians and across settings, starting in the intensive care unit (ICU) and extending to acute care, skilled nursing facilities, or home. As illness progresses, patients and families struggle to navigate the spectrum of goals of care, to match their values and goals with treatments, to communicate their goals to their clinicians, and to make difficult medical decisions without letting unmet emotional needs interfere. Poor communication exacerbated by these transitions compounds an already stressful experience, causing distress to patients and their families. Taken together, these issues lead to ineffective communication during and after the ICU which can often result in high intensity "default" care that may be unwanted.

Using a randomized trial, this project aims to evaluate an innovative model of care in which ICU nurse facilitators support, model, and teach communication strategies that enable patients and families to secure care in line with their goals over an illness trajectory, beginning in the ICU and continuing into the community. Facilitators use communication skills, attachment theory, and mediation to improve: 1) patients' and families' self-efficacy to communicate with clinicians within and across settings; 2) patients' and families' outcome expectation that communication with clinicians can improve their care; and 3) patients' and families' behavioral capability through skill building to resolve barriers to effective communication and mediate conflict. Facilitators work with seriously ill patients and their families beginning with a critical care unit stay and following them over the course of three months.

The intervention's effectiveness will be measured with patient- and family-centered outcomes at 1-, 3-, and 6-months post-randomization. The primary outcome is family members' burden of symptoms of depression over the 6 months. The investigators also evaluate whether the intervention improves the value of healthcare by reducing healthcare costs while improving patient and family outcomes. Finally, investigators use qualitative methods to explore implementation factors (intervention, settings, individuals, processes) associated with improved implementation outcomes (acceptability, fidelity, penetration) to inform dissemination of this type of intervention to support patients and their families. This study aims to address key knowledge gaps while evaluating a methodologically rigorous intervention to improve outcomes for patients with serious illness and their families across the trajectory of care and the spectrum of goals of care.
1. A pharmaceutical composition with antifungal activity comprising terbinafine hydrochloride, a base, a preserving agent, an antioxidant, an emulsifier, a lipophilic compound and a solvent, characterized in that further contains keratolytic having the following component ratio: terbinafine hydrochloride 0.9 - 1.1 a base 48.0 - 67.0 a preserving agent 0.1.- 0.8 an antioxidant 0.05 - 0.12 an emulsifier 2.5 - 11.0 a lipophilic compound 5.0 - 15.0 a keratolytic 0.3 - 0.7 a solvent remaining 2. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, characterized in that comprises urea as the keratolytic. 3. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that comprises polyethyleneoxide 400 and polyethyleneoxide 1500 as the base. 4. The pharmaceutical composition according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that comprises sodium benzoate as the preserving agent. 5. The pharmaceutical composition according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that comprises dibunol as the antioxidant. 6. The pharmaceutical composition according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that comprises distilled monoglyceride and an emulsifier No 1 as the emulsifier. 7. The pharmaceutical composition according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that comprises olive oil as the lipophilic compound. 8. The pharmaceutical composition according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that comprises propylene glycol as the solvent. 9. A method for preparing a pharmaceutical composition according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that comprises the steps of mixing the base with the preserving agent and emulsifiers, adding the lipophilic compound into the prepared in advance solution of terbinafine hydrochloride in the solvent admixing the antioxidant and the keratolytic, emulsifying the cream, cooling and keeping it to mature. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the solution of terbinafine hydrochloride in the propylene glycol is prepared at a temperature between 40-55 degree C. 11. The method according to claim 9 and 10, characterized in that the base is mixed with the sodium benzoate and the emulsifiers at a temperature between 60-80 degree C. 12. The method according to claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the emulsion is prepared and the cream is emulsified at a temperature between 28-55 degree C. 13. The method according to claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the cream is cooled to 28-33 degree C.
Subjects are treated with CAB tablets 2mg/week or BC tablets 7.5mg/day.The pituitary hormone levels, tumor volume, visual acuity and visual field scale will be measured every 3 months. The CAB or BC fail to decrease prolactinoma size.
Two sets of Euflexxa injection at 0 and 6 months. Each set consists of 3 injections 1 week apart.
All patients with MUST 1 and 2 will be sent to the dietitian. The clinician will act on the patient's characteristics by providing different dietary therapies, such as oral nutritional supports (ONS), extra nutritional cares, diet changes without supplements and artificial nutrition.
FIELD: medicine, veterinary science. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to drugs used in medicinal and veterinary helminthology and can be used in treatment of humans and animals with larval echinococcosis and other cestodosis. Anthelminthic agent has carbamate benzimidazole (necodazol or mebendazol) as active substance, lecithin and cholesterol at ratio of components = 1: 9:1, respectively. Agent is used by rectal injections or cutaneous applications. Agent provides strong inhibition of the growth of larvocysts of alveococcosis (by 99.6-100%), destruction of all embryonal elements (protoscolexes and acephalocysts) in larvocysts of alveococcus and death of parasite in totally (62.5-85.7%). EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of agent. 1 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex
Arsenic is a widespread environmental contaminant known to accumulate in the brain, leading to cognitive impairment. However, the exact mechanisms by which arsenic causes cognitive deficits remain unclear. The present study aims to discover whether the destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediated by matrix metalloproteinases 2 and matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and subsequent neuronal apoptosis are involved in arsenic-induced cognitive impairment. Ninety male mice were given 0, 25, and 50 mg/L NaAsO2 in drinking water and 30 mg/kg doxycycline hyclate (DOX, an inhibitor of MMPs) gavage for 12 weeks to observe the alterations in learning and memory of mice, the morphology of hippocampal neurons, as well as the BBB permeability and ultrastructure, the localization and expression of tight junction proteins, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Our findings indicated that arsenic exposure induced learning and memory impairment in mice, accompanied by neuronal loss and apoptosis. Furthermore, arsenic exposure increased hematogenous IgG leakage into the brain, disrupted the tight junctions, reduced the expression of Claudin5, Occludin, and ZO1 in the endothelial cells, and increased the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the endothelial cells and astrocytes. Finally, DOX intervention preserved BBB integrity, alleviated hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, and improved cognitive impairment in mice caused by arsenic exposure. Our research demonstrates that cognitive disfunction in mice induced by arsenic exposure is associated with MMP-2 and MMP-9-mediated BBB destruction and neuronal apoptosis. The current investigation provides new insights into mechanisms of arsenic neurotoxicity and suggests that MMP-2 and MMP-9 may serve as potential therapeutic targets for treating arsenic-induced cognitive dysfunction in the future.
Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with imetelstat.

In vitro, imetelstat was not mutagenic in the bacterial mutagenicity assay (Ames test) or clastogenic in the chromosomal aberrations assay using cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Imetelstat was not genotoxic in an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay at intravenous dose levels up to approximately 104 mg/kg.

Fertility studies have not been conducted with imetelstat. Female monkeys given 14.1 mg/kg once weekly for 9 months exhibited uterine endometrial atrophy in a general toxicology study. This effect was observed at a mean exposure (based on AUC) that is approximately 14.4-times the human exposure at the recommended clinical dose. This finding was not present in animals following a 14-week recovery period.
PURPOSE:To provide a growth promoting agent, containing a thioglycol or thioauxin, exhibiting physiological effect such as the promotion of the biosynthesis of proteins, promotion of growth, etc. at a slight amount, and effective to promote the growth of insect, fish, shellfish, bird, mammal, etc. CONSTITUTION:The objective growth-promoting agent contains a thioglycol compound of formula HS-CH2-R or R-CH2-S-CH2-R (R is 1-3C group which may have substituent group such as SH, OH, NH2, COOH, etc.) (e.g. thioglycolic acid, cysteine, etc.) or a thioauxin compound (e.g. 4-mercaptoindoleacetic acid, 4-mercaptophenylacetic acid, etc.). A growth-promoting effect of animal can be developed by the addition of slight amount of thioglycol compound or thioauxin compound containing SH-CH2- or -CH2-S-CH2- to feed, food, etc. It is essential to use an antioxidant in combination with the above compound to prevent the oxidization of the component.
HIVIG may be an effective agent that either alone or in combination with AZT will prevent progression of clinical disease.

Participants are randomized to receive either oral AZT or HIVIG. Patients may receive treatment for a maximum of 48 weeks. Patients are evaluated during treatment at weeks 2, 4, and every 4 weeks thereafter. Infants who are receiving HIVIG initially are treated with the appropriate age-adjusted dose of oral AZT in addition to HIVIG if they meet clinical disease progression criteria. All participants who have completed 48 weeks of treatment or who are discontinued from treatment are followed every 3 months for an additional 48 weeks. This follow-up may be conducted over the telephone.
The purpose of this study is to determine the response of liver tumors to radiation therapy. This study will be using a type of radiation therapy called tomotherapy. Tomotherapy is a relatively new kind of therapy which is able to focus a large amount of radiation to a small area with relatively less radiation to the surrounding non-cancerous part of the organ. This study is being done to find out if this technique is able to control the cancer better or not than the standard radiation and also to study its safety. The usual treatment for this type of disease for patients who are eligible is surgery to remove the tumors. For patients who aren't eligible for surgery or who chose not to have surgery, they are treated with low daily doses of radiation given over many weeks; however this type of treatment has not been very effective.
The cohort will consist of male and female children ages 11-12 accompanied by a participating parent over the age of 18 years. The family income of participants in this cohort cannot exceed 200% of the federal poverty level established in 2018.
Within 10 weeks after surgery, patients receive at least 3 courses of an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen as determined by the investigator. Patients may receive radiotherapy within 6 months after surgery and after the completion of chemotherapy OR integrated with chemotherapy.
TOLF includes training sessions on the lymphatic system, lymphedema, lymphedema diagnosis and measurement, risk of lymphedema, healthy diet, sleep hygiene, and daily lymphatic exercises. It has 8 avatar videos with step-by-step instructions for TOLF lymphatic exercises to promote lymph flow.
In order to address this gap in knowledge, the present study utilized both in vivo and in vitro models to investigate the role of the m6A demethylase ALKBH5 in protecting against cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting PANoptosis (Pytoptosis, Ppoptosis, and Necroptosis) in an m6A-dependent manner. They observed that ALKBH5, the predominant m6A demethylase, was downregulated in these models, while SNHG3 and PANoptosis-related proteins (ZBP1, AIM2, Cappase-3, Caspase-8, cleaved Caspase-1, GSDMD-N, and p-MLKL) were elevated. Additionally, both ALKBH5 overexpression and SNHG3-deficiency were found to ameliorate PANoptosis and injury induced by OGD/reperfusion and OGD/RX in both mice tissues and astrocyte cells. Further experiments demonstrated that ALKBH5 induced m6A-demethylation in SNHG3, leading to its degradation. Low expression of SNHG3, on the other hand, prevented the formation of the SNHG3-ELAVL1-ZBP1/AIM2 complex, which in turn destabilized ZBP1 and AIM2 mRNA, resulting in the downregulation of these PANoptosis-related genes. Ultimately, the rescue experiments provided evidence that ALKBH5 protected against PANoptosis in cerebral I/R injury models through the inhibition of SNHG3.This study sheds light on the intricate molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral I/R injury and highlights the potential of m6A-related genes as therapeutic targets in this condition.