anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
RIOMET oral solution contains the biguanidine antihyperglycemic agent metformin in the form of monohydrochloride salt. Metformin hydrochloride, is N,N-dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide hydrochloride. The structural formula is shown as:

Metformin hydrochloride, USP is a white crystalline powder with a molecular formula of C 4H11N5•HCl and a molecular weight of 165.62. Metformin hydrochloride, USP 2.0 g is soluble in 20 mL of water. The pKa of metformin is 12.4. The pH of a 1% aqueous solution of metformin hydrochloride is 6.68. It is freely soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in acetone and in methylene chloride.

RIOMET (Cherry Flavor) contains 500 mg of metformin hydrochloride (the equivalent of 389.93 mg metformin) per 5 mL and the following inactive ingredients: Artificial cherry flavor, hydrochloric acid, potassium bicarbonate, purified water, saccharin calcium, and xylitol.

RIOMET (Strawberry Flavor) contains 500 mg of metformin hydrochloride (the equivalent of 389.93 mg metformin) per 5 mL and the following inactive ingredients: Hydrochloric acid, N&A strawberry flavor (propylene glycol and glycerin), potassium bicarbonate, purified water, sucralose, and xylitol.
After the patients were premedicated with an appropriate dose of midazolam, anesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl and rocuronium. Endotracheal intubation was performed after ensuring appropriate anaesthesia depth for intubation, by relaxation of the jaw and loss of eyelash reflex. We used 7.5 and 8.0 sizes of sterile ETTs are made of polyvinyl chloride and have a high-volume low-pressure cuffed design that conforms to the shape of the trachea. ETTs for female and male patients and before intubation Tracheal tubes (Tyco Healthcare©, Wollerau Switzerland) cuffs were tested for leakage. The researchers were divided into two groups of 20, with anaesthesia residents (anesthesia experience between 1 months and 1 year, Group J) and those with more than 4 years (Group S). The ETT was placed using the conventional intubation technique with a Macintosh laryngoscope after ensuring appropriate anaesthesia depth for intubation, by relaxation of the jaw and loss of eyelash reflex.. It was asked to swell with air up to cmH2O and a 10 ml injector was used for this. Then Direct pressure measurement was achieved by a cuff manometer calibrated in cmH2O, which was attached to the ETT pilot balloon. The participant was not informed about the actual pressure of cuff. Then the air in the cuff was completely evacuated and the same procedure was repeated with the participant from the other group, the agreement of the two groups to the target value of 25 cmH2O was compared. The order of priority among the groups was randomized according to the closed-envelope method. Controlled positive pressure ventilation was started after the measurement.

In cases in which the cuff pressure was above 30 cmH2O or below 20 cmH2O, the pressure was regulated back to normal limits. During the study, patients were in a supine, head and neck neutral position. Anesthesia was maintained as in our routine clinical practice.
OBJECTIVE: Functional somatic symptoms (FSS) accumulate within families. Exposure to family patterns of high healthcare use may induce maladaptive symptom coping and thereby potentially contribute to the transgenerational transmission of FSS. This study aimed to uncover associations between parental and child healthcare use during the child's first years of life (age 0-4) and childhood FSS at age 5-7.
METHODS: We utilized data from the Copenhagen Child Cohort (CCC2000), a population-based birth cohort. Parent-reported FSS of their 5-7-year-old children were linked to Danish national registry data on parental and child healthcare use (including general practitioner [GP] consultations and hospital contacts) during child age 0-4 years. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate longitudinal associations between family healthcare use and child FSS.
RESULTS: We found an association between prior parental healthcare use and child FSS at age 5-7 (OR = 1.02, 95% CI [1.01-1.04]). Key sensitivity analyses specifically focusing on GP consultations, revealed modest but statistically significant associations between parental (OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.02-1.05]) and child (OR = 1.18, 95% CI [1.04-1.34]) GP consultations and impairing FSS at age 5-7.
CONCLUSION: Family healthcare use, especially within the general practice, may play a role in the transgenerational transmission of FSS. Early-stage FSS identification and care might be improved through training aimed at GPs. Future research may identify vulnerable families at whom parent-focused interventions for symptom-coping could be targeted. This could potentially contribute to the prevention of transgenerational transmission of FSS.
The Tai Chi exercise group will exercise for 50 minutes/session, 3 times /week for 24 consecutive weeks (6 months). Each 50-minute session will include a 10-minute warm up, 30-min exercise, and 10-min cool down.
INTRODUCTION: Neonates in a NICU experience pain. Based on the cardiovascular and nociceptive systems link, a Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation (NIPE) monitor was designed to assess pain. The use of α2-agonists as analgesic-sedative drugs has increased in neonates. Given their effect on the autonomic system, we hypothesized that their use may alter NIPE's measurement capacity.
METHODS: Data were prospectively collected. The included patients were evaluated using combined pain assessment systems.
RESULTS: Sixteen newborns requiring sedoanalgesia underwent a total of 84 pain assessments. A good correlation was found between the NIPE-index and the COMFORT-neo and the crSO2 (cerebral regional oxygen saturation). No correlation was found in premature infants. By sedation group, the correlation remained in those receiving α2-agonist.
CONCLUSION: NIPE is a reliable tool for pain assessment. Further studies in premature infants are needed. The use of α2-agonist does not alter the measuring capacity of NIPE. The correlation between NIPE-index and crSO2 was also demonstrated.
An expert assessment is that fT\>MIC is the measure most likely to be applicable to prophylaxis. But this measure is not achieved by standard prophylaxis regimens. Neither do clinical data suggest this target achieves optimal prophylaxis. Therefore there is an opportunity to optimise antibiotic prophylaxis dosing. As the exposure response-relationship (pharmacodynamic target) is unknown we could either complete a number of studies exploring different relationships, or compare standard treatment to a single regimen which included a number of exposure-response relationships. The two most common exposure-response relationships are the CMAX/MIC ratio and the fT\>MIC. And it has been reported that killing, as opposed to inhibition used in MIC values, is optimised by achieving 4 times an MIC value. An antibiotic prophylaxis regimen which achieved drug concentrations of 4xMIC for the duration of surgery would therefore achieves a high CMAX/MIC ratio, high T\>MIC, and optimise bacterial killing. Therefore, standard dose antibiotic prophylaxis will be compared against a PD target dosed antibiotic prophylaxis regimen. The PD target will be a free serum antibiotic concentration of 4xMIC90 for Enterobacteriaceae against cefuroxime. Continuous infusion of antibiotic prophylaxis will ensure there is continuous targeting of this drug level throughout the operation.
Adverse reactions to nitroglycerin are generally dose-related and almost all of these reactions are the result of nitroglycerin's activity as a vasodilator. Headache, which may be severe, is the most commonly reported side effect. Headache may be recurrent with each daily dose, especially at higher doses. Transient episodes of lightheadedness, occasionally related to blood pressure changes, may also occur. Hypotension occurs infrequently, but in some patients it may be severe enough to warrant discontinuation of therapy. Syncope, crescendo angina, and rebound hypertension have been reported but are uncommon.

Extremely rarely, ordinary doses of organic nitrates have caused methemoglobinemia in normal-seeming patients. Methemoglobinemia is so infrequent at these doses that further discussion of its diagnosis and treatment is deferred (see OVERDOSAGE).
1. Quinoxaline -2,3-diones derivatives of Formula I   wherein R is NR4R5 group, R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted by lower alkyl, lower cycloalkyl, which can contain 1 or 2 oxygen atoms as a heteroatom, R1 R2 are each independently hydrogen or nitrogroup, R3 lower alkyl, wherein each R3 and R-CH2 radicals can be in position 5 or 6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.R is a secondary or tertiary amine; 2. Quinoxaline-2,3-diones derivatives of Formula I according to claim 1 selected from 5-diethylaminomethyl-6-methyl-7-nitro-1,4-dihydro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione; 5-dipropylaminomethyl-6-methyl-7- nitro-1,4-dihydro-guinoxaline-2,3-dione; 5-dibutylaminomethyl-6-methyl-7-nitro-1,4-dihydro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione; 5-cyclohexylaminomethyl-6-methyl-7-nitro-1,4-dihydro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione; 5-[(cyclohexyl-methyl-amino)-methyl]-6-methyl-7-nitro-1,4-dihydro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione; 5-dimethylaminomethyl-6-methyl-7-nitro-l,4-dihydro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione. 3. A pharmaceutical composition comprising antagonists responsive to glutamate receptors based on quinoxaline derivatives and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier wherein contains compounds as quinoxaline derivatives in a therapeutically effective amount according to claim 1. 4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising anticonvulsants based on quinoxaline derivatives and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier wherein contains compounds as quinoxaline derivatives in a therapeutically effective amount according to claim 1. 5. A method for treating stroke or disorders responsive to the blockade of glutamate receptors which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 to a patient in need of said treatment. 6. A method for treating diseases by administering a anticonvulsant which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 to a patient in need of said treatment.
OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to compare pain intensity after pulsed radiofrequency (RF) or suprascapular nerve block for the treatment of chronic shoulder pain. The secondary objectives were to compare the shoulder range of motion and supplementary analgesic requirement.
METHODS: This randomized and prospective study included 40 patients, with chronic shoulder pain allocated into 2 groups. One group underwent pulsed RF, and the other group was submitted to block (B) of the suprascapular nerve, guided by ultrasound. They were assessed for 12 weeks regarding pain intensity, the need for analgesia supplementation, and shoulder range of motion. Side effects were recorded.
RESULTS: Pain intensity on movement was lower in the RF group after 2, 4, and 8 weeks. At rest, pain intensity was lower in group RF than in group B after 12 weeks. Pain intensity was lower than before the procedure at all times evaluated, in both groups. There was no difference between groups in the range of motion. There was a need for tramadol supplementation in 1 patient in group RF and 2 in group B. Adverse effects observed were local pain (RF: 1), hematoma (RF: 1; B: 1), and lipothymia (B: 2).
DISCUSSION: Pulsed RF on the suprascapular nerve promoted an analgesic effect for 12 weeks. Regarding the intensity of pain on movement and at rest, there was a trend toward a better effect with RF than with nerve blockage treatment. In both groups, there was a reduction in pain intensity without serious adverse effects.
Capecitabine was administered orally at a dose of 1,000 mg/m\^2 twice daily (12 hours apart) on Days 1 through 14 of each 21-day cycle. Placebo matching to sorafenib was administered orally, 3 tablets (1 tablet in the morning, 2 tablets in the evening) daily, continuously (that is, Days 1 to 21, inclusive). A treatment cycle consisted of 21 days. If tolerability criteria were met for a subject, capecitabine dose was escalated to 1,250 mg/m\^2 twice daily and placebo dose to a total daily dose of 4 tablets (2 tablets twice daily) for that subject.
BACKGROUND: ERAP2 is an aminopeptidase involved in antigen processing and presentation, and harbor genetic variants linked to several inflammatory diseases such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The lack of an ERAP2 gene homologue in mice has hampered functional studies, and most human studies have focused on cells of hematopoietic origin. Using an IBD biobank as vantage point, this study explores how genetic variation in ERAP2 affects gene expression in human-derived epithelial organoids upon proinflammatory stimulation.
METHODS: An IBD patient cohort was genotyped with regards to two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (rs2910686/rs2248374) associated with ERAP2 expression levels, and we examined the correlation between colon gene expression and genotype, specifically aiming to establish a relationship with ERAP2 expression proficiency. Human-derived colon organoids (colonoids) with known ERAP2 genotype were established and used to explore differences in whole genome gene expression between ERAP2-deficient (n = 4) and -proficient (n = 4) donors upon pro-inflammatory encounter.
RESULTS: When taking rs2910686 genotype into account, ERAP2 gene expression is upregulated in the inflamed colon of IBD patients. Colonoids upregulate ERAP2 upon IFNɣ stimulation, and ERAP2 expression proficiency is dependent on rs2910686 genotype. Colonoid genotyping confirms that mechanisms independent of the frequently studied SNP rs2248374 can cause ERAP2-deficiency. A total of 586 genes involved in various molecular mechanisms are differentially expressed between ERAP2 proficient- and deficient colonoids upon proinflammatory stimulation, including genes encoding proteins with the following molecular function: catalytic activity (AOC1, CPE, ANPEP and MEP1A), regulator activity (TNFSF9, MDK, GDF15, ILR6A, LGALS3 and FLNA), transmembrane transporter activity (SLC40A1 and SLC5A1), and extracellular matrix structural constituents (FGL2, HMCN2, and MUC17).
CONCLUSIONS: ERAP2 is upregulated in the inflamed IBD colon mucosa, and expression proficiency is highly correlated with genotype of rs2910686. While the SNP rs2248374 is commonly used to determine ERAP2 expressional proficiency, our data confirms that mechanisms independent of this SNP can lead to ERAP2 deficiency. Our data demonstrates that epithelial ERAP2 presence affects the inflammatory response in colonoids, suggesting a pleiotropic role of ERAP2 beyond MHC class I antigen processing.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject vaccine capable of establishing immunization through oral inoculation and highly useful in view of cost and safety, by including the core antigen protein of hepatitis B virus as active ingredient. SOLUTION: This hepatitis B vaccine is obtained by including, as active ingredient, the core antigen protein of hepatitis B virus. This vaccine can be prepared, for example, for the purpose of non-solid oral administration such as in the form of a syrup or solution, or as a pharmaceutical composition in the form of a solid preparation such as tablets, capsules, granules or powder, and the core antigen protein can be taken by dissolving it in a drink such as water or cow milk. Such a form as to have expressed the core antigen protein in a plant according to the gene recombinant technique is also preferable. This vaccine can establish immunity, for example, through its oral inoculation twice at a four week interval followed by the 3rd oral inoculation 20-24 weeks after the 1st time. The intake of this vaccine is set at e.g. about 0.1 to several mg/adult protein at a time.
Rs3851179, a variant of PICALM gene, and age are the risk factors of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is divided into early-onset AD (EOAD, < 65 years) and late-onset AD (LOAD, ≥ 65 years) by age. The purpose was to investigate the impact of different genotypes of PICALM rs3851179 on brain atrophy and cognitive decline across the AD continuum in different age groups. Four hundred seven cognitive normal (CN) controls, 362 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and 94 AD patients were enrolled to assess the interaction between AD continuum, age status, and PICALM on gray matter volume (GMV), global cognition, memory function, and executive function using full factorial ANCOVA (3 × 2 × 2). The interaction between AD continuum and PICALM significantly affected the GMV of the left putamen (PUT.L). rs3851179 A-allele carriers did not show a significant decrease in PUT.L GMV from CN to MCI to AD, while GG-allele carriers did. The interaction between AD continuum and age status was significant on GMV of the left angular gyrus (ANG.L) and right superior occipital gyrus (SOG.R). LOAD had higher GMV of ANG.L and SOG.R than EOAD. The interactive effects among AD continuum, age status, and PICALM were not significant on GMV but were significant on global cognition and executive function. The A-allele was found to have a protective effect on global cognition and executive function in EOAD, but not significantly so in LOAD. PICALM rs3851179 A-allele might alleviate the atrophy of PUT.L across the AD continuum than GG-allele. Age status did not affect the interaction between AD continuum and PICALM on brain atrophy. The ANG.L and SOG.R atrophied more severely in EOAD than in LOAD. Rs3851179 A-allele was protective for global cognition and executive function in EOAD.
Fifty-four patients were given informed consent before enrolling the study. Non-invasive blood pressure monitor, electrocardiogram, pulse oxymetry, and Conox probe were set on the subjects in the operation room. Baseline hemodynamic is noted. General anesthesia induction was done by fentanyl 2.5 mcg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg. Endotracheal tube intubation was facilitated with rocuronium 0.8 mg/kg as muscle relaxant. qNox values right before intubation and after intubation is noted, as well as hemodynamic changes in one minute after intubation
NEW MATERIAL:An arylthioalkylcarboxylic acid derivative expressed by formu la I [Ar is aromatic heterocyclic group or expressed by formula II (X is C2-6 linear or branched alkylene group containable O, carbonyl group or simultaneous ly the both in a chain); R<1> and R<2> are C1-10 linear or branched alkyl; R<3> is C1-4 linear or branched alkyl; n is 1 or 2]. EXAMPLE:Methyl 4-(N,N-dibentylcarbamoyl)-5-(1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6naphthylthio) pentanoate. USE:Used as a synthetic intermediate of an arylsulfonylalkylcarboxylic acid derivative as a preventive as a preventive or a remedy of disease such as hyper sensitive colitis, with exhibiting antagonism against cholecystokinin receptor. PREPARATION:A new compound expressed by formula III is reacted with amines expressed by formula IV to afford the compound expressed by formula I. The compound expressed by formula III is obtained from a compound expressed by formula V and a compound expressed by formula VI (A and B are cyano, etc.).
Window of treatment with Copanlisib 60mg via IV for a single 28 day cycle, once weekly for the first 3 weeks and then a 1 week break followed by induction therapy with copanlisib and rituximab. Induction therapy will be 6 cycles (28 days) of: copanlisib dose and administration same as window, rituximab 375mg/m2 via IV, once weekly for the first 4 weeks during cycle 1, subsequent cycles (cycles 2-6), rituximab will be dosed only once on day 1 of the cycle.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a mucin and fetuin-bonded lectin, separated from Pinellia Tuber and having 6 kDa molecular weight, and antiemetic agent, and further to provide a method for evaluating the quality of the Pinellia Tuber. SOLUTION: This lectin (6KDP) is separated from Pinellia Tuber by a gel- filtration method and a chromatography method using CM-Toyopearl 650M. The 6KDP has 6 kDa molecular weight in a monomer state. The 6KDP shows antiemetic activities and cell aggregation activities. Both of the activities are cleactivated by a heat treatment. An analytical method by EI(Enzyme immunoassay) method is established to evaluate the quality of a crude drug of the Pinellia Tuber by using the 6KDP. The content of the 6KDP included in the crude drug of the Pinellia Tuber is from several % to about 10%. The method does not show a cross reaction with Colocasia antiquorum belonging to the same family of Araceae. As the result, the 6KDP is a main protein in the Pinellia Tuber, and useful for an indicating component of the analysis.
Oxytocin is widely used on Labor and Delivery units throughout the world.Laboring patients are most likely to initiate oxytocin in the first stage of labor. Among those who receive oxytocin, first stage initiation is far more common than second stage initiation. The goal of first stage administration is to increase uterine contractility and cause cervical dilation, particularly in patients who have epidural analgesia. Once complete cervical dilation has been achieved, most providers choose to continue oxytocin in the second stage of labor for the theoretic benefit of increased expulsion "power" while pushing. This practice is currently not evidence-based as the limited data thus far suggests no difference in operative deliveries with the use of oxytocin augmentation in general. The benefits and risk of oxytocin continuation in the second stage of labor is unknown. Oxytocin administration is associated with the risk of uterine tachysystole, postpartum hemorrhage,and maternal hyponatremia. These risks call for a closer look at prolonged oxytocin use past the first stage of labor. This is a randomized controlled trial investigating the utility of oxytocin administration in the second stage of labor.
BACKGROUND Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) in adults has a poor prognosis with conventional chemotherapy. Treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has improved clinical outcomes; however, the relapse rate is still high. Therapeutic options for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) Ph+ ALL are scarce, with very few studies focusing on these patients. Blinatumomab is a novel bispecific T-cell engager antibody construct showing promising efficacy in R/R Ph+ ALL. CASE REPORT Here, we present 2 cases of relapsed Ph+ ALL with T315I mutation refractory to multiple TKIs and chemotherapy. Patient 1 was a 48-year-old woman who had increased leukocytes in her peripheral blood cells, with 90% abnormal cells and decreased platelets. Bone marrow (BM) smear showed 95% blasts. Patient 2 was a 20-year-old man who had leukocytosis with thrombocytopenia, while all other parameters were normal. BM aspirate showed 98% immature granulocytes/blasts. The immunophenotypic observations of both the patients on BM were consistent with the presence of ALL. Both patients were effectively treated with a combination of blinatumomab and allo-HSCT and achieved complete remission in 1 month with minimal residual disease negativity and remained in remission for a long period. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest, that for patients with R/R Ph+ ALL with T315I mutation who respond poorly to TKIs, salvage therapy with blinatumomab is a potentially effective treatment for improving clinical outcomes. The treatment with blinatumomab can further act as a bridge to HSCT in these patients, helping them to attain deeper remission.