anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Approximately 8.2 million (3.3%) of Americans ≥ 12 years of age are current smokeless tobacco (ST) users, and the prevalence of ST use has increased over the past three years. ST is increasingly being promoted as a harm reduction strategy for cigarette smoking, and two of the world's largest cigarette manufacturers have entered the ST market. ST use is estimated to be the greatest exogenous source of human exposure to cancer-causing nitrosamines. ST has been associated with oral and extra-oral cancer as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality.

A need for efficacious interventions exists as 64% of ST users report the desire to quit. However, no pharmacotherapy has proven efficacy for increasing long-term (\> 6 months) tobacco abstinence rates among ST users compared to placebo. New pharmacotherapies, drug combinations, and improved dosing of existing pharmacotherapies are needed. Previous research with nicotine patches for ST users using standard doses (up to 21 mg/day) have not increased long-term abstinence rates. However, studies of higher dose nicotine patch therapy (up to 63 mg/day) in ST users have demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in tobacco withdrawal symptoms as well as preliminary evidence of increased long-term (\> 6 months) abstinence rates compared to lower doses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of high dose nicotine patch therapy (42 mg/day) for increasing the 7-day point prevalence and prolonged all tobacco and ST abstinence rates at end-of-treatment (week 8), 12 and 24 weeks compared to placebo in ST users who use ≥ 3 cans/pouches per week when all subjects receive behavioral treatment for tobacco dependence. To accomplish our aims, we will randomize 60 ST users in a clinical pilot study. The work will be conducted at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN.
Biodegradation kinetics of biodegradable porous objects, such as porous silicon objects, can be controlled by a molecular weight of polymer chains, such as polyethylene glycol chains, disposed on an outer surface of the object. Provided are biodegradable porous objects, which have their biodegradation kinetics controlled by a molecular weight of the disposed polymer chains. Also provided are methods of making such biodegradable porous objects as well as methods of using such biodegradable porous objects for delivery of active agents, such as therapeutic agents and/or imaging agents. In some embodiments, an electronic device with a touch interface detects one or more user gestures that correspond to instructions to vary the playback speed of a media file that is being played on the device. In response, the device initiates a variable rate scan through the media file, forward or backward. The touch interface can be a touch screen or touch pad. Biodegradation kinetics of biodegradable porous objects, such as porous silicon objects, can be controlled by a molecular weight of polymer chains, such as polyethylene glycol chains, disposed on an outer surface of the object. Provided are biodegradable porous objects, which have their biodegradation kinetics controlled by a molecular weight of the disposed polymer chains. Also provided are methods of making such biodegradable porous objects as well as methods of using such biodegradable porous objects for delivery of active agents, such as therapeutic agents and/or imaging agents.
Systems and methods for intelligently and accurately triaging a patient are provided. The systems and methods access an electronic health record of the patient based on a detection of an event, such as entering an emergency department. Additionally, the systems and methods collect triage vitals of the patient. Further, free-text within the electronic health record is mapped and binned. In response to the mapping and the binning, the systems and methods input features into an acuity level predictor. Based on inputting the features into the acuity level predictor, the systems and methods output an acuity level of the patient for triaging the patient.
After the pre-intervention clinical assessments, immediate (within one week) begin with the PCS exercise program (75-minute group class, twice weekly for 12 weeks; home practice of exercises recommended but not required). Post-intervention clinical assessments within one week after the last intervention class, followed by a 12-week follow-up period (continuation of exercise program at home recommended but not required). Final clinical assessments within one week after the 12-week follow-up period.
The study will be carried out in an urban slum area in Vellore, south India. Children between the ages of 6 and 12 months will be recruited for participation in the study. They will be randomized to receive supplementation with ARP or placebo, and will be followed for a period of one year, with weekly home visits and monitoring of all episodes of diarrhoea. In addition, every two weeks, surveillance stool samples will be collected and tested for rotavirus to identify asymptomatic infections by PCR. All episodes of diarrhoea will be investigated intensively for bacterial, viral and parasitic agents of diarrhoea using both conventional and molecular techniques and all cases will be treated appropriately at the study clinic or referral hospital as required. Monthly anthropometric measurements will be carried out to estimate rates of growth and to identify growth faltering. Blood samples will be taken at 4, 8 and 12 months for estimation of anti-rotavirus IgA and IgG antibodies. Studies on intestinal absorption and permeability will be carried out at recruitment, 6 and 12 months by the lactulose:mannitol test (measured by HPLC detection of sugars). All rotavirus strains obtained will be characterized by genotyping.
The invention belongs to a traditional Chinese medicine, and particularly relates to a traditional Chinese medicine for treating senile rectocele. The invention is characterized in that the traditional Chinese medicine is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 110-130g of raw radix astragali, 1-5g of dangshen, 1-5g of Bighead Atractylodes Rhizome and 1-3g of skunk bugbane. The traditional Chinese medicine is decocted with clear water. The decoction can be directly taken orally 1 part a time, and twice a day. The mild patient can recover after 1 dose, and the severe patient can recover after 3 doses. The invention is on the basis of the traditional Chinese medicine authentication theory, has the advantages of simple formula, accessible materials, low cost, high curative effect and no toxic or side effect, and effectively treats senile rectocele.
BACKGROUND: Low-intensity psychological interventions may be a cost-effective, accessible solution for treating depression and anxiety in patients with long-term conditions, but evidence from real-world service settings is lacking. This study examined the effectiveness of low-intensity psychological interventions provided in the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies programme in England for patients with and without long-term conditions.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients (total N = 21,051, long-term conditions n = 4024) enrolled in three low-intensity psychological interventions, i.e. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT), guided self-help (GSH), and psychoeducational group therapy (PGT) within a Talking Therapies service from 2016 to 2020. Primary outcomes included pre-post-treatment changes in depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7).
RESULTS: Overall, both cohorts significantly improved on all outcomes post-treatment, with large effect sizes. Patients with long-term conditions experienced a greater reduction in depression while those without experienced a greater reduction in anxiety, but these differences were marginal (< 1 score difference on both measures). No difference between the cohorts was shown when comparing the differential effectiveness across interventions, but those engaging in iCBT showed greater reduction in depression and anxiety than those in GSH and PGT, while those in GSH improved more than PGT.
CONCLUSIONS: Low-intensity psychological interventions, particularly iCBT, were effective in treating depression and anxiety in patients with long-term conditions in a real-world service setting. Our large-scale study supports the continued and increased implementation of low-intensity psychological interventions for this subpopulation via integrated care.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a highly safe itching inhibitor having excellent effects on intractable pruritus cutaneous, and rapidly exhibiting the effects, and to provide an itching-inhibiting composition containing the itching inhibitor as an active ingredient.  <P>SOLUTION: The itching inhibitor contains at least one or more kinds of components (D) selected from hesperidin (A), an antipruritic (B) and an antiinflammatory agent (C) as essential active ingredients. Preferably, α-glycosyl hesperidin is used as the hesperidin (A). At least one kind selected from diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, crotamiton, derivatives thereof and salts thereof is used as the antipruritic (B). At least one kind selected from dexamethasone, prednisolone, hydrocortisone, clobetasone, glycyrrhizinic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, derivatives thereof and salts thereof is used as the antiinflammatory agent (C).  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Patients will receive Vaso-band (VasoInnovations, Inc, USA), applied with ulnar balloon inflated with 15 ml of air, and the radial balloon inflated after the sheath is removed, to apply optimal pressure for obtaining full hemostasis. Ulnar balloon will be deflated after 60 minutes of radial artery hemostatic compression.
BACKGROUND: To address an existing gap in knowledge due to limited and inconclusive evidence, we aimed to investigate the association between sensory impairments and cognitive decline among older Chinese individuals.
METHODS: We retrieved data on 6862 adults aged ≥65 years that were collected through the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS), a nationwide, prospective, community-based elderly cohort study. Visual or hearing impairment in the CLHLS were identified through self-reported questionnaire. Sensory impairments were categorised as no sensory impairment, hearing impairment only, visual impairment only, and dual sensory impairment according to hearing and vision function. Cognitive impairment was defined as having a score <18 on the Chinese version of the Mini Mental State Examination. We used a Cox proportional hazard model to evaluate the relationship between sensory and cognitive impairments.
RESULTS: Among 6862 participants, 5.7% had dual sensory impairment, 7.4% had hearing impairment only, and had 17.2% visual impairment only. Compared with participants with no sensory impairment, those with hearing impairment only (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41, 1.92), visual impairment only (aHR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.41), and dual sensory impairment (aHR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.25, 1.74) were significantly associated with higher risk of cognitive impairment in the fully adjusted model.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that having hearing impairment only, visual impairment only, and dual sensory impairment was significantly associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults aged ≥65 years. This suggest a need for the timely identification and management of sensory impairments for the elderly to reduce dementia risk.
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Despite the development of new treatment plans in recent years, the prognosis for osteosarcoma patients has not significantly improved. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a robust preclinical model with high fidelity. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model faithfully preserves the genetic, epigenetic, and heterogeneous characteristics of human malignancies for each patient. Consequently, PDX models are considered authentic in vivo models for studying various cancers in transformation studies. This article presents a comprehensive protocol for creating and maintaining a PDX mouse model that accurately mirrors the morphological features of human osteosarcoma. This involves the immediate transplantation of freshly resected human osteosarcoma tissue into immunocompromised mice, followed by successive passaging. The described model serves as a platform for studying the growth, drug resistance, relapse, and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Additionally, it aids in screening the target therapeutics and establishing personalized treatment schemes.
PIL patients with intact CD55 on flow-cytometry assesment undergo genetic testing to exclude a potential missense mutation in the CD55 gene that impairs its function while retaining protein expression. Overall, patients and their parents undergo exome sequencing as trios, and examined for potential gene mutations underlying their disease. Non-CHAPLE PILs are also examined by high-throughput investigation similarly to CHAPLE patients.
This double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study will evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of Auxora in patients with severe AKI who have associated AHRF. The definition of AKI and the stages of AKI will be based on the classification system proposed by the Acute Kidney Injury Working Group of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) and incorporate both serum creatinine and urine volume criteria. AHRF will be defined as a P/F ≤ 300 that has been determined by either an arterial blood gas or imputed from the oxygen saturation (SpO2) recorded using pulse oximetry and is being treated with high flow nasal cannula with minimum flow rate ≥ 30 liters/min, or non-invasive mechanical ventilation, or invasive mechanical ventilation. Approximately 150 patients with severe AKI, defined as having developed either stage 2 or 3 AKI at the time of consent, who have associated AHRF will be randomized 1:1 into either the Auxora or placebo group using a computer-generated randomization scheme accessed through an interactive voice/web response system (IXRS). Randomization will be stratified by the use of invasive mechanical ventilation and by Stage 3 AKI.

Patients who are randomized to the Auxora group will receive 1.25 mL/kg (2.0 mg/kg of zegocractin) IV over 4 hours at 0 hours and then 1.0 mL/kg (1.6 mg/kg of zegocractin) IV over 4 hours at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours for a total of 5 doses. Patients who are randomized to the placebo group will receive 1.25 mL/kg IV over 4 hours at 0 hours and then 1.0 mL/kg IV over 4 hours at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours for a total of 5 doses. Placebo will be a matching emulsion without the active pharmaceutical ingredient zegocractin. The sponsor, investigators, pharmacists, and patients will be blinded to the assigned group. The Start of First Infusion of Study Drug (SFISD) should occur no more than 24 hours of the patient or legally authorized representative (LAR) providing informed consent. A study physician or appropriately trained delegate will perform study-specific hospital assessments immediately prior to the SFISD, and then every 24 hours after the SFISD until 720 hours (Day 30), or until discharge if earlier. All patients, including those that are discharged from the hospital to home, or to a skilled nursing facility, or to an extended care facility, will be assessed at Day 90.

All AKI should be managed according to the KDIGO 2012 guidelines which recommends maintaining adequate organ perfusion, avoiding volume overload, avoiding hyperglycemia, discontinuing nephrotoxic agents, and adjusting dosing of renally excreted medications. AHRF/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) should be managed according to the 2023 European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) major recommendations.
Pudendal and inferior cluneal neuralgias are responsible for chronic pelvic perineal pain. The compression of both of the nerves are thought to be associated in approximately 25% of the pudendal neuralgias. The failure of the isolated pudendal decompression led in the early 2000s to the identification of an entrapment syndrome of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and its inferior cluneal branche around the ischial tuberosity. This subsequent neuralgia affects the posterior part of the perineum, lower buttock, and the posterior part of the thigh, without any associated neuro-vegetative symptoms, unlike in pudendal neuralgia. In case of failure of the medical treatment, the open trans-gluteal decompression was proposed as a gold standard. However, this technique remains invasive and requires a long recovery. In a previous study, the investigators demonstrated the feasibility of double decompression via a minimally invasive robot-assisted laparoscopic approach, and described a 4-step technique.
Injectable medicaments contg. vitamin B12 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (e.g. 2,3-dimethyl-4-isopropylamino-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolin-5-one or 4-butyl-1, 2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione) and having a pH of 7-9 are stabilised using cysteine or an acid addn. salt thereof and sodium bisulphite. The use of non-steroidal and/or steroidal anti-inflammatories for the treatment of rheumatic diseases is known. Vitamin B12 in high doese is active against neuralgia and rheumatic neuritis. Combinations of vitamin B12 with non-steroidal and, opt. also steroidal anti-inflammatories therefore are potentially highly useful against rheumatic disorders. The stabilised vitamin B12/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory preparations are useful against e.g. neuritic and neuralgic disorders; acute rheumatic or inflammatory disorders of the limbs; inflammation in arthroses, polyarthroses, coxarthroses and rheumatic periarthritis; fibrositis; and painful, inflammatory-rheumatic disorders, esp. chronic polyarthritis. In conventional formulations, vitamin B12 is unstable in solutions contg. non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and having a pH >7. Solutions of pH 7 cannot be used, because non-steroidal anti-inflammatories are sparingly soluble at acidic pH. Surprisingly, vitamin B12 is stabilised in these solutions by the addition of cysteine (or its acid addition salts), sodium bisulphite and their combination.
Despite sparse pediatric data on the effectiveness of stress ulcer prophylaxis to prevent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, 60% of critically ill children receive these medications. This may have unintended consequences - increasing the risk of nosocomial infections - which may be more serious and common than bleeding these drugs are prescribed to prevent. A large randomized trial (RCT) is needed to assess the balance of these risks and benefits, to determine if a strategy of withholding stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill children is not inferior to a strategy of routine stress ulcer prophylaxis. RCTs in pediatric critical care are exceptionally challenging to complete; thus, a rigorous pilot RCT is crucial. The pilot may prevent pursuit of a trial that is ultimately not feasible - which is ethically and financially responsible. It is more likely that this carefully designed pilot trial will ensure that the larger trial we undertake is successful.
Artifacts produced by postmortem animal scavenging are commonly encountered at autopsy. Knowledge of the pattern of artifacts produced by postmortem animal scavenging is essential for the correct interpretation of the autopsy finding. In household deaths, such artifacts are usually caused by domestic animals and by small insects such as flies, ants, beetles, etc. Ants are one of the early scavengers which feed on the dead bodies. The artifacts produced by the postmortem ant activity are usually superficial and non-bleeding type. Rarely, in the congested body regions and areas of marked hypostasis, postmortem bleeding artifacts due to ant bites are possible. In the reported case of hanging, such postmortem bleeding artifacts were present over both the legs, predominantly over the left leg. Typical ant bite lesions in the form of superficial excoriations were also present over the peri-ligature area, over and around both nipples and over the lower part of the abdomen. Morphologically, postmortem bleeding artifacts produced by ant bites exhibit four patterns: droplet pattern, stripe pattern, pool pattern, and mixed pattern. In this case, a mixed pattern (droplet pattern and stripe pattern) of postmortem bleeding artifacts was observed. The presence of postmortem bleeding artifacts over the lower limbs was attributed to the pooling of the blood due to suspension of the body, followed by passive escape of blood due to ant bites. The possibility of such artifacts produced by ant bites should be considered when the origin of the lesion is unclear.
The present invention is drawn to systems, methods, and formulations for treating nail disorders. The system comprises an active agent formulation and a first barrier film. The active agent formulation includes an active agent and an aqueous liquid component. The first barrier film is configured to form a sheath over at least a portion of a finger or toe on which the nail is located. An optional second barrier film, with lower moisture vapor transmission rate than the first barrier film, is placed between the first barrier film and the active agent formulation (or between the active agent formulation and the external environment) to reduce the water evaporation from the active agent formulation. The sheath is configured to be capable of securing and retaining the active agent formulation within the sheath on a finger nail or toe nail while reducing evaporation of the liquid component of the aqueous liquid component of the active agent formulation. The active agent formulation can be a “slow-molding” hydrogel formulation that can slowly flow into the exact shape of the diseased nail to assure intimate contact and continuous delivery of the drug, while cannot be squeezed out of the position during the application.
OBJECTIVES: Specific to sexual health, individuals in need of information may be adolescents who have limited ability to formally access healthcare. These digital natives may turn to ChatGPT to address their concerns on sexually transmitted infections (STI). We sought to evaluate the veracity of ChatGPT's responses to commonly asked questions on STIs.
METHODS: We instructed ChatGPT (GPT 3.5) to answer STI questions from three domains, namely, (1) general risk factors for STIs, (2) access to care and diagnosis of STIs and (3) management of STIs and postexposure prophylaxis. The responses were recorded and checked against the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention STI Treatment Guidelines 2021.
RESULTS: Overall, the responses were concise and accurate. In terms of prevention, ChatGPT could also recommend measures like safe sex practices and human papillomavirus vaccination. However, it failed to recommend HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. When an individual expressed a symptom that could potentially represent STI (eg, dyspareunia) ChatGPT appropriately provided reassurance that other possibilities exist, but advocated for testing. In terms of treatment, ChatGPT consistently communicated the importance of partner testing and follow-up testing, but at times, failed to highlight the importance of testing for other STIs. Overall, the advice given was not tailored to the specific individual's circumstances.
CONCLUSIONS: ChatGPT can provide helpful information regarding STIs, but the advice lacks specificity and requires a human physician to fine-tune. Its ubiquity may make it a useful adjunct to sexual health clinics, to improve knowledge and access to care.