anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: method involves performing a vitrectomy with removing a posterior hyaloids of a vitreous body, and a laser retinal endocoagulation at wave length 532 nm, emitting power 120-200 mWt, pulse length 0.1-0.2 s, spot diameter 150-200 mcm. A chorioretinal venous anastomosis (CRVA) is induced by exposing the branches of the central vein of the retina to the third-order laser light at wave length 532 nm in a number of 4 coagulated, emitting power 500 mWt, pulse length 1 sec and spot diameter 50 mcm. The vitrectomy is preceded by the intramuscular injections of 12.5% etamylate 4ml and the intravenous administration of 0.5% tranexamic acid 1 g 25-30 minutes before. That is followed by the droplet intravenous administration of an infusion solution containing 0.1% perlinganit 10 ml in 0.9% normal saline 100 ml at an initial rate of 5 mcg/min. The area to be exposed to laser is specified at least in 3 diameters of the disk from the optic disk. The third-order laser applications are applied on the branches of the central vein of the retina in a number from 2 to 4 at wave length 532 nm, emitting power 300-400 mWt, exposure 0.5 s, spot diameter 500 mcm in two points in the proximal and distal direction from the CRVA induction point. Immediately before the CRVA induction, a salt-water infusion flow is increased until the central retinal artery starts pulsating. The surgical management is completed by plugging the vitreal cavity with 20% air-gas mixture SF6.EFFECT: effective management of the clinical course of the retinal venous thrombosis by considerable reduction of postoperative haemophthalmias.2 ex
Bowel preparation should be safe and well tolerated by patients, particularly in a screening setting. For this reason, limited bowel preparations have been extensively investigated. Usually, they combine the use of low-fibre diet and faecal/fluid tagging. The ingestion of a positive contrast agent (either barium, iodine or a combination of the two),needed to differentiate stool or fluid residues from true colonic lesions, is now considered mandatory. A low-fibre diet has the aim of improving residue homogeneity and facilitates tagging; however, there aren't significative evidences at support. The aim of this study is to compare a new regimen of reduced bowel preparation that does not include low fiber diet with another reduced bowel preparation including low-fiber diet. Primary outcome is the overall quality of bowel preparation.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tea bag capable of enjoying delicious tea for plural times. SOLUTION: This tea bag 1 is provided with an outer side filter bag 2 and an inner side filter bag 3. The outer side filter bag 2 is composed of Japanese paper and the inner side filter bag 3 is composed of the Japanese paper thicker than the outer side filter bag 2. The outer side filter bag 2 contains a tea leaf kind 4 and the inner side filter bag 3 in the inside and the inner side filter bag 3 contains firmly compressed tea leaf kind 5 in the inside. The tea leaf kind 4 of the outer side filter bag 2 is the one for which the bracket fungus of the genus Fomes, a shelf fungus, enokitake fungus, a mushroom and green tea, etc., are roasted. The tea leaf kind 5 of the inner side filtering bag 3 is similar to the tea leaf kind 4 of the outer side filter bag 2, however, the ratio of the green tea and the mushroom is increased.
Marijuana: Participants each received a single marijuana cigarette (provided by the National Institute on Drug Abuse) at each smoking occasion. Marijuana cigarettes were stored frozen in an airtight container and humidified at room temperature for 24 h prior to use.
1,152,785. Switching systems. H. J. LANE. 16 May, 1967 [20 May, 1966], No. 22664/67. Heading H2H. A control system includes second switching means 18, a control circuit 14, and a two or more way first switching means 12 operated between contact positions by a bodily or muscular movement executed by a person on an exercise apparatus 10, and when held momentarily in any one position of contact causes energization of the control circuit for a determined time resulting in operation of the second switching means which supplies power for an equivalent time to an electrical motivation apparatus 20. An electrical circuit is described which is connected to the bodily exercise apparatus providing motivation if the exercise is repeated at set intervals or operating an alarm if the exercise is relaxed. The exercise may take the form of a body building, training or weight lifting apparatus, or a device for muscular therapy, and the motivation apparatus may take the form of a slide projector, a toy such as a train set or a game, a pottery wheel, a food-mixer or electric tool &c. An operation counter may be included in the circuit and a circuit to indicate the impending time before the next operation.
About 49% of breast cancer surgery is managed by total mastectomy, and half of the patients undergo breast reconstruction. Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is indicated for breast cancer requiring total mastectomy and without nipple involvement by cancer. The local recurrence rate is not increased and the cosmetic result much improved. Robot-assisted mastectomy utilizes surgeon-controlled robotic arms with delicate, multi-jointed instruments and 3-dimentional high-definition camera in place of conventional instruments under bare eye vision. Through a single longitudinal incision in the anterior axillary line at the nipple areolar level, the lesion and the whole breast tissue can be totally removed with negative resection margins and well-preserved breast skin envelope. Breast reconstruction can be successfully performed through the same incision and results in a scarless front view. Currently, this surgery is effectively carried out with da Vinci Xi system. However, the small incision may result in the collision of robotic arms outside the torso and hence decreases the range of instrument motion. The next-generation robot, da Vinci SP system, is single-armed, equipped with multiple flexible instruments and camera, which are devoid of outside collision and allows work in a larger surgical field through the same small incision. The SP system reduces blind areas in the surgical field and the blockade of camera vision by the detached space-taking specimens, and, therefore, will hopefully reduce the surgical time. The investigator's scope of this study is to establish the feasibility and safety of SP-applied NSM through this single-armed pilot trial. The investigators recruit breast cancer women indicated for nipple-sparing mastectomy or candidates of prophylactic mastectomy carrying germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutations to receive SP-assisted unilateral or bilateral NSMs. Immediate breast reconstruction is followed according to the mode of the plastic surgeon's clinical decision. The primary endpoint is technical feasibility (conversion rate, surgical time), and the secondary endpoint is safety and patient-reported outcome.
A method of monitoring cardiac activity of a user is provided. Heart beat time data is detected by a PPG sensor ( 110 ) in a health sensor ( 100 ) worn by the user ( 1 ). Motion data is detected by a motion sensor ( 120 ) in the health sensor ( 100 ). The output data of the PPG sensor ( 110 ), which comprises heart beat time data, is analyzed to detect arrhythmia periods. The detected heart beat time data, the detected motion data and the detected arrhythmia are forwarded to an external device, where the data can be stored. The output data of the PPG sensor ( 110 ) comprising the heart beat time data, the detected motion data and the detected arrhythmia periods are displayed such that a medical professional ( 2 ) can analyze this data to determine whether a suspected arrhythmia period is valid.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a human pathogen with high morbidity. The HCV NS3/4A protease is essential for viral replication and is one of top three drug targets. A number of drugs have been developed but drug resistant mutant strains emerged. Here we screened and synthesized of novel class of small molecules of Formula I or Formula IA based on tryptophan derivative scaffold as HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors that is active against both wild type and mutant form of the protease. Only the docking hits with a binding pose that is not affected by the most frequent mutations in the active site were selected for experimental validation. The antiviral activities were evaluated by replicon and enzymatic assays. Twenty-two compounds in this series were found to inhibit HCV with EC 50  values ranging between 0.64 to 63 μM with compound 22 being the most active of this series. In protease assays, 22 had a comparable inhibition profile for the common mutant HCV GT1b D168A and the wild type enzyme. However, in the same assay, potency of the approved drug, Simeprevir, decreased 5.7-fold for the mutant enzyme relative to the wild-type. The top three inhibitors were also tested against four human serine proteases and were shown to be specific to the viral protease. The fluorescent based cell viability assay demonstrated a sufficient therapeutic range for the top three candidates.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the natural history of the foveal cone mosaic in CNGA3-associated achromatopsia (ACHM).
METHODS: Thirteen eyes from 10 genetically confirmed patients underwent longitudinal imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and non-confocal split detection adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO). OCT scans assessed outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, foveal ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption, and foveal hypoplasia. AOSLO images were analyzed to calculate peak foveal cone density (PCD) and mean inter-cell distance (ICD) between cones. Mixed effects models were used to analyze the rate of annual change of PCD and ICD.
RESULTS: Mean (±SD) age at visits was 29 ± 10 years, with a follow-up of 2.6 ± 1 years. There was no change in ONL thickness, degree of EZ disruption, or foveal hypoplasia over the follow-up period. We also observed a stable foveal cone mosaic using AOSLO imaging, with no significant change in PCD or ICD. Mean PCD was 15,346 cones/mm² at the mean age of 29 years old (cf. 64,000-324,000 cones/mm² in previously reported healthy controls), with a mean rate of change of -117.79 cones/mm² (0.8%) per year, P = 0.130. Mean ICD at the mean age was 13.82 µm, with a rate of change of 0.17 µm per year, P = 0.83.
CONCLUSIONS: CNGA3-associated ACHM displays stable foveal cone structure over time with a similar rate of change to CNGB3-associated ACHM (2% decline per year). The stable PCD, small cohort, and large variability within the cohort means significant age associations were not detected.
Three double-blind, active- and placebo-controlled studies were conducted in 416 children aged 6 to 12 years. The controlled studies compared CONCERTA given once daily (18, 36, or 54 mg), methylphenidate given three times daily over 12 hours (15, 30, or 45 mg total daily dose), and placebo in two single-center, 3-week crossover studies (Studies 1 and 2) and in a multicenter, 4-week, parallel-group comparison (Study 3). The primary comparison of interest in all three trials was CONCERTA versus placebo.

Symptoms of ADHD were evaluated by community schoolteachers using the Inattention/Overactivity with Aggression (IOWA) Conners scale. Statistically significant reduction in the Inattention/Overactivity subscale versus placebo was shown consistently across all three controlled studies for CONCERTA. The scores for CONCERTA and placebo for the three studies are presented in Figure 2.

Figure 2.Mean Community School Teacher IOWA Conners Inattention/Overactivity Scores with CONCERTA once daily (18, 36, or 54 mg) and placebo. Studies 1 and 2 involved a 3-way crossover of 1 week per treatment arm. Study 3 involved 4 weeks of parallel-group treatments with a Last Observation Carried Forward analysis at week 4. Error bars represent the mean plus standard error of the mean. 

In Studies 1 and 2, symptoms of ADHD were evaluated by laboratory schoolteachers using the SKAMP 1laboratory school rating scale. The combined results from these two studies demonstrated statistically significant improvements in attention and behavior in patients treated with CONCERTA versus placebo that were maintained through 12 hours after dosing. Figure 3 presents the laboratory schoolteacher SKAMP ratings for CONCERTA and placebo. 

Figure 3.Laboratory School Teacher SKAMP Ratings: Mean (SEM) of Combined Attention (Studies 1 and 2) 

* * *

1
    Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Fynn, and Pelham
SIMPONI ARIA solution for intravenous infusion should be diluted by a healthcare professional using aseptic technique as follows:

  1. Calculate the dosage and the number of SIMPONI ARIA vials needed based on the recommended adult dosage of 2 mg/kg and the patient's weight for RA, PsA and AS. Calculate the dosage and number of SIMPONI ARIA vials needed based on the recommended pediatric dosage of 80 mg/m 2and the patient's body surface area (BSA), for pJIA and pediatric patients with PsA. Each 4 mL vial of SIMPONI ARIA contains 50 mg of golimumab. 
  2. Check that the solution in each vial is colorless to light yellow. The solution may develop a few fine translucent particles, as golimumab is a protein. Do not use if opaque particles, discoloration, or other foreign particles are present.
  3. Dilute the total volume of the SIMPONI ARIA solution with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP to a final volume of 100 mL. For example, this can be accomplished by withdrawing a volume of the 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP from the 100-mL infusion bag or bottle equal to the total volume of SIMPONI ARIA. Slowly add the total volume of SIMPONI ARIA solution to the 100-mL infusion bag or bottle. Gently mix. Discard any unused solution remaining in the vials. Alternatively, SIMPONI ARIA can be diluted using the same method described above with 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP.
  4. Prior to infusion, visually inspect the diluted SIMPONI ARIA solution for particulate matter or discoloration. Do not use if these are present.
  5. Use only an infusion set with an in-line, sterile, non-pyrogenic, low protein-binding filter (pore size 0.22 micrometer or less).
  6. Do not infuse SIMPONI ARIA concomitantly in the same intravenous line with other agents. No physical biochemical compatibility studies have been conducted to evaluate the use of SIMPONI ARIA with other intravenous agents in the same intravenous line.
  7. Infuse the diluted solution over 30 minutes.
  8. Once diluted, the infusion solution can be stored for up to 4 hours at room temperature.
OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the maximum tolerated dose of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy to the prostate gland and immediately surrounding tissues in patients with stage II or III adenocarcinoma of the prostate. II. Determine the normal tissue toxicity rate of this regimen in the rectums and bladders of these patients. III. Determine local control by clinical and pathologic examination and by PSA determinations in patients treated with this regimen. IV. Determine the distant failure and overall survival of patients treated with this regimen.

OUTLINE: This is a dose escalation study. Patients are stratified according to 1 of the following 3 prognostic groups: Group 1: T1b-c or T2a-b with combined PSA/Gleason (CPG) score 15 and under Group 2: T1b-c or T2a-b with CPG score more than 15, or any T2c with PSA less than 70 ng/mL Group 3: T3 with prostate specific antigen (PSA) less than 70 ng/mL Patients receive 3-dimensional (3-D) conformal radiotherapy 5 days a week for 7.6, 8.2, or 8.8 weeks. Cohorts of 120-270 patients receive escalating doses of 3-D conformal radiotherapy until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is determined. The MTD is defined as the dose preceding that at which 20% of patients experience dose-limiting toxicity. Patients are followed every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 3 years, and then annually thereafter.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 549-801 patients (120-204 patients for the first dose level, 237-321 patients for the second dose level, and 192-276 patients for the third dose level) will be accrued for this study within 4.75 to 5.25 years.
Drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake inhibition, including desvenlafaxine, may increase the risk of bleeding events. Concomitant use of aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, warfarin, and other anticoagulants may add to this risk. Case reports and epidemiological studies (case-control and cohort design) have demonstrated an association between use of drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake and the occurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding. Based on data from the published observational studies, exposure to SNRIs, particularly in the month before delivery, has been associated with a less than 2-fold increase in the risk of postpartum hemorrhage [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Bleeding events related to SSRIs and SNRIs have ranged from ecchymosis, hematoma, epistaxis, and petechiae to life-threatening hemorrhages. 

Inform patients about the increased risk of bleeding associated with the concomitant use of desvenlafaxine and antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants. For patients taking warfarin, carefully monitor coagulation indices when initiating, titrating, or discontinuing desvenlafaxine.
Potential participants (patients with colorectal cancer offered an operation) will be highlighted from the Derbyshire NHS trusts colorectal multidisciplinary team meeting. All patients who fulfil entry requirements will be seen by the research fellow after their outpatient meeting with their particular surgeon (if they agree). Information packs containing details of the study (information sheet and consent form) will be given and any questions answered. Patients will be allowed to take the packs away with them and decide whether they would be keen to participate. Interested patients will be consented by the research fellow during their subsequent pre-operative clinic appointment.

The study will take place intra-operatively. Monitoring will be instituted as determined necessary by the attending anaesthetists, but as a minimum will consist of pulse oximetry, ECG and non-invasive blood pressure recording. Intravenous cannulae will be sited and general anaesthesia induced by the anaesthetist responsible for the patient, as would be normal for this type of surgery. Once the patient has been transferred to the operating theatre, the research fellow will insert an ODM probe via either the nasal or oral route and the CO and SV will be measured; this constitutes normal care. A sterile Phillips iU22 USS probe will be placed on the patient's abdomen and the research fellow will administer SonoVue contrast agent intravenously via the cannula already sited to facilitate anaesthesia, up to a maximum dose of 2.4ml. Visceral MVBF will be measured using this CEUS technique. Capillary blood samples will be taken from earlobe for measurement of blood lactate levels by the research fellow. At this stage, as would typically occur during an operation of this nature, the research fellow will administer intravenous colloid suspension in boluses of 3ml/kg, up to a maximum of 15ml/kg, until the CO has been maximised, as judged by the ODM. At this stage, the research fellow will perform a further CEUS of the abdominal viscera by administering Sonovue contrast agent (2nd dose of up to 2.4ml) and measuring MVBF with the Phillips iU22. Repeat samples of capillary blood will be drawn to measure the lactate level by the research fellow. At the end of the operation, a 3rd CEUS of the abdominal viscera, along with further SV \& CO readings, will be made.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder with serious health consequences. Compared to the general population, a significantly higher prevalence of OSA was found in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). As treatment, positive pressure therapy in the respiratory tract during sleep (CPAP) is commonly instituted. However, CPAP therapy is often rejected or poorly tolerated by patients. Alternatively, the American Association of Sleep Medicine recommends the use of Mandibular Advancement Devices (MAD). The MAD prevents the upper airway from collapsing by anterior displacement of the mandible.

The aim of the project is to determine the efficacy of MAD therapy in people with SCI and to verify their adherence to the therapy. The research group will consist of 60-80 subjects. The selection of suitable participants will be based on the results of a polygram. The MAD for a group of subjects with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) higher than five will be fabricated using their dental impressions. Subsequently, the subjects will be retested while wearing the MAD and outcomes will be compared. The evaluation will include a set of questionnaires. Adherence to therapy will be checked after three and six months.

The investigators anticipate that the results of the study will confirm the effectiveness of MAD devices in the treatment of OSA in the monitored group. Most importantly, the investigators intend to set a standard for a long-term system of diagnosing and addressing OSA in individuals with SCI.
Caffeine consumption outcomes on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) including progression, survival and cognition remain poorly defined and may depend on its metabolization influenced by genetic variants. 378 ALS patients with a precise evaluation of their regular caffeine consumption were monitored as part of a prospective multicenter study. Demographic, clinical characteristics, functional disability as measured with revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), cognitive deficits measured using Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS), survival and riluzole treatment were recorded. 282 patients were genotyped for six single nucleotide polymorphisms tagging different genes involved in caffeine intake and/or metabolism: CYP1A1 (rs2472297), CYP1A2 (rs762551), AHR (rs4410790), POR (rs17685), XDH (rs206860) and ADORA2A (rs5751876) genes. Association between caffeine consumption and ALSFRS-R, ALSFRS-R rate, ECAS and survival were statistically analyzed to determine the outcome of regular caffeine consumption on ALS disease progression and cognition. No association was observed between caffeine consumption and survival (p = 0.25), functional disability (ALSFRS-R; p = 0.27) or progression of ALS (p = 0.076). However, a significant association was found with higher caffeine consumption and better cognitive performance on ECAS scores in patients carrying the C/T and T/T genotypes at rs2472297 (p-het = 0.004). Our results support the safety of regular caffeine consumption on ALS disease progression and survival and also show its beneficial impact on cognitive performance in patients carrying the minor allele T of rs2472297, considered as fast metabolizers, that would set the ground for a new pharmacogenetic therapeutic strategy.
Distribution: When each drug is administered intravenously, the steady-state volume of distribution is 1.1 to 2.1 L/kg (mean 1.5, ±0.3 SD, n=13) for lidocaine and is 0.7 to 4.4 L/kg (mean 2.6, ±1.3 SD, n=13) for prilocaine. The larger distribution volume for prilocaine produces the lower plasma concentrations of prilocaine observed when equal amounts of prilocaine and lidocaine are administered. At concentrations produced by application of lidocaine and prilocaine cream, lidocaine is approximately 70% bound to plasma proteins, primarily alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. At much higher plasma concentrations (1 to 4 μg/mL of free base) the plasma protein binding of lidocaine is concentration dependent. Prilocaine is 55% bound to plasma proteins. Both lidocaine and prilocaine cross the placental and blood brain barrier, presumably by passive diffusion.