anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Obesity during pregnancy has been escalating, becoming a huge problem that poses consequences not only for the health of the offspring but also for the maternal well-being. Women's adipose and hepatic tissue metabolism undergoes significant changes during the gestational period. During pregnancy, obesity is a primary instigator of steatosis, increasing the risk of non-alcholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now recognized under the updated nomenclature metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Pregnant women with obesity present higher levels of free fatty acids and glucose, reduction in insulin sensitivity, and adipose tissue endocrine dysregulation. Furthermore, obesity-induced modifications in clock genes and lipid-associated gene expression within adipose tissue disrupt crucial metabolic adaptations, potentially culminating in adipose tissue dysfunction. Thus, the liver experiences increased exposure to free fatty acids through the portal vein. Higher uptake of free fatty acids into the liver disrupts hepatic lipid oxidation while enhances lipogenesis, thereby predisposing to ectopic fat deposition within the liver. This review focuses on the obesity-induced changes during pregnancy in both liver and adipose tissue metabolism, elucidating how the metabolic crosstalk between these two organs can be dysregulated in pregnant women living with obesity.
Surgical site infections (SSI) remain a cause of morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, surgical readmission, and death. Nasal colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcal aureus is a frequent cause of device-related SSI and nasal mupirocin has been used for prevention. More recently, povidone-iodine nasal swabs have become an alternative. It is cheaper, ensures compliance and there are no concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance. However, its adoption was suboptimal in a community hospital system in southwestern Ohio, especially in neurosurgery and vascular surgery. Quality improvement techniques, including solicitation of stakeholder input, surgeons and perioperative nurses' education, and the use of reminders to order and administer the povidone-iodine nasal swabs improved physician ordering and nurse administration compliance, leading to fewer infections. The interventions continued after the project was completed, sustaining decreases in neurosurgery and vascular surgery, and fewer SSI through the first years of the pandemic. Despite the complexity of these surgeries, simple interventions were effective in addressing the problem.
PURPOSE:To process a ginseng, by dipping the ginseng in an alcoholic solution for a given period, and dipping the resultant pretreated ginseng in a mixed fluid material, e.g. SAKE lees, for a given period. CONSTITUTION:An undried ginseng is dipped in an alcoholic solution for 3-5 days, and then dipped in a fluid material obtained by mixing 50-60wt% SAKE lees, 50-40wt% MISO (fermented bean paste) and a little alcoholic solution for 10-30 days and processed. The resultant processed ginseng is easily eaten, and can be preserved for a long period and provided at a relatively low cost without trouble in transportation, etc. Therefore, the processed ginseng can contribute to the promotion of health. The ginseng is a perennial herb of the family Araliaceae, and the root thereof is used for medicinal purpose. The ginseng naturally grows in the Korean Peninsula and the northeastern section of China and cultivated in FUKUSHIMA, NAGANO, SHIMANE Prefectures, etc. in Japan.
The present invention relates to the treatment of vaginal mycoses, bacterial vaginosis and other forms of vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina). According to the invention clinoptilolite with a particle size between 0.2 and 10 μm is used externally for this purpose for the treatment of these vaginal disorders in mammals and humans, and also for restoring a healthy vaginal microbiota. Clinoptilolite may be used with one or more of the following adjuvants: pharmaceutically acceptable carrier materials, living microorganisms and/or extracts thereof, nutrients for the healthy vaginal microbiota (e.g. lactose, etc.), substances which favorably influence the vaginal environment of the healthy vaginal microbiota (e.g. estradiol, organic acids, etc.). The compositions used may be applied topically, preferably in one of the following forms of application: foams, suppositories, vaginal tablets, ovoids, gels, aerosols, powders, rinses, lavages, creams/ointments, suspensions.
FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: surgical debridement of the burning hand surface is followed by covering it with urethane foam gel, which is presented by LOCUS preparation containing nanocrystalline boehmite. The hand is freely placed palm down over a surface covered with a sterile polyethylene film. The coating is applied successively, first on the back of the hand with the fingers fixed slightly flexed in a physiologically normal position, then on web spaces with the fingers spread as much as possible throughout the depth of the web spaces and along the length of the fingers. The exposure is held until the coating polymerises completely; then the hand is turned palms up and the polyurethane foam gel is applied on the palmar surface and fingers so as to form a polyurethane glove covering 2 or 3 cm of the intact skin. The glove is held until the polyurethane foam polymerises completely; the polyurethane foam glove is removed as long as it is detached with the wound fluid collects there. The procedure is repeated until the burn wounds epithelise completely.EFFECT: reducing the length of treatment by creating the optimum healing environment caused by the way and conditions of applying the polyurethane coating.2 cl, 11 dwg, 2 ex
BACKGROUND: While suture anchors are widely used in medical procedures for their advantages, they can sometimes lead to complications, including anchor prolapse. This article presents a unique case of suture anchor prolapse at the base of the distal phalanx of the little finger after extensor tendon rupture reconstruction surgery.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 35-year-old male, underwent extensor tendon rupture reconstruction using a non-absorbable suture anchor. After seven years the patient visited our outpatients complaining of stiffness, pain, and protrusion at the surgical site. Initial X-ray imaging suggested suggesting either a fracture of the distal phalanx or tendon adhesion but lacked a definitive diagnosis. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bone connectivity between the middle and distal phalanges with irregular signal shadow and unclear boundaries while maintaining a regular finger shape. MRI proved superior in diagnosing prolapsed suture anchors, marking the first reported case of its kind. Surgical intervention confirmed MRI findings.
CONCLUSIONS: Suture anchor complications, such as prolapse, are a concern in medical practice. This case underscores the significance of MRI for accurate diagnosis and the importance of tailored surgical management in addressing this uncommon complication.
Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a common clinical problem that can lead to bladder and bowel dysfunction such as urinary incontinence, urinary retention, fecal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and sexual dysfunction. Pelvic floor rehabilitation aids are essential tools in the treatment of PFD. However, there is limited understanding of the efficacy and mechanisms of these aids, and there is a lack of standardized guidelines for selecting appropriate aids for different types of PFD. To assist patients in choosing suitable pelvic floor rehabilitation aids to their needs, it is necessary to summarize the existing types, mechanisms, and applications of these aids. Based on their mechanisms and target functions, pelvic floor rehabilitation aids can be mainly categorized into 3 main types. The first type includes aids that improve pelvic floor function, such as vaginal dumbbells, vaginal tampons, and vaginal dilators, which aim to strengthen pelvic floor muscles and enhance the contractility of the urethral, vaginal, and anal sphincters, thereby improving incontinence symptoms. The second type consists of aids that mechanically block the outlet, such as pessaries, urethral plugs, incontinence pads, incontinence pants, anal plugs, and vaginal bowel control systems, which directly or indirectly prevent incontinence leakage. The third type includes aids that assist in outlet drainage, such as catheters and anal excreta collection devices, which help patients effectively expel urine, feces, and other waste materials, preventing incontinence leakage. By summarizing the existing pelvic floor rehabilitation aids, personalized guidance can be provided to patients with PFD, helping them select the appropriate aids for their rehabilitation needs.
In US clinical studies of glimepiride, 608 of 1986 patients were 65 and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, but greater sensitivity of some older individ­uals cannot be ruled out.

Comparison of glimepiride pharmacokinetics in Type 2 diabetic patients £65 years (n=49) and those >65 years (n=42) was performed in a study using a dosing regimen of 6 mg daily. There were no significant differences in glimepiride pharmacokinetics between the two age groups (see CLINICALPHARMACOLOGY, SpecialPopulations, Geriatric). 

The drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function. 

Elderly patients are particularly susceptible to hypoglycemic action of glucose-lowering drugs. In elderly, debilitated, or malnourished patients, or in patients with renal and hepatic insufficiency, the initial dosing, dose increments, and maintenance dosage should be conservative based upon blood glucose levels prior to and after initiation of treatment to avoid hypoglycemic reactions. Hypoglycemia may be difficult to recognize in the elderly and in people who are taking beta-adrenergic blocking drugs or other sympatholytic agents (see CLINICALPHARMACOLOGY, SpecialPopulations, RenalInsufficiency; PRECAUTIONS, General; and DOSINGANDADMINISTRATION, SpecialPatientPopulation).
Pemetrexed for injection is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor. The drug substance, pemetrexed disodium hemipentahydrate has the chemical name Disodium N-[4-[2-(2-Amino - 4,7-dihydro-4-oxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]-L–glutamic acid, hemipentahydrate. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular formula of C20H19N5Na2O6•2.5H2O and a molecular weight of 516.41. The structural formula is as follows:

Pemetrexed for injection, USP is a sterile white to either light yellow or green-yellow lyophilized powder or cake in single-dose vials to be reconstituted for intravenous infusion. Each 1000-mg vial of pemetrexed for injection, USP contains 1000 mg pemetrexed (equivalent to 1208.25 mg pemetrexed disodium hemipentahydrate) and 1000 mg mannitol. Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may have been added to adjust pH.
Microparticles are prepared by a method that includes: (a) forming a layer comprising a first polymer on a solid surface by depositing a first composition one or more times on the solid surface, wherein the first composition comprises the first polymer and a first solvent, and evaporating the first solvent in the first composition; (b) forming one or more layers comprising a second polymer and a therapeutic agent by depositing a second composition on all or part of the layer formed in step (a), wherein the second composition comprises the second polymer, the therapeutic agent, and a second solvent; and evaporating the second solvent in the second composition; and (e) forming an additional layer comprising a third polymer by depositing a third composition one or more times on a previously formed layer, wherein the third composition comprises the third polymer and a third solvent; and evaporating the third solvent in the third composition. SOa Altk Weeks Sample Sample Drug Inner Layer Polymer Outer Layer No. Description Load Polymer (% w/w) Sample 1 Brinzolamide 11S9 115 kDa PLGA None suspension in (Evonik Industries/ dicholoromethane Lakeshore Biomnaterials 7525 DLG 7E) Sample 2 Brinzolamide 10.2 115 kDa PLGA Two coatings of suspension in (Evonik Industries/ 5% 178 kDa dicholoromethane Lakeshore Bion materials PLGA (Akina 7525 DLG 7E) 8520) 90 r~rt a#Aa 0£ Sampl Sample Du ne LyrPlmr ue ae No Decito Load Polymer No. ~ ~ (% w/w) ______ Sample 1 Brinzolamide 11.9 115 kDa PLGA None suspension in (Evonik Industries! dicholoromethane Lakeshore Biomaterials 7525 DLG 7E) ________ Sample 2 Brinzolamide 10.2 115 kDa PLGA Twvocoatings of suspension in (Evonik Industries! 5% 178 kDa dicholoromethane Lakeshore Biomaterials PLGA (Akina 7525 DLG 7E) 8520) Fig. 1
BACKGROUND/AIM: The most frequently altered epigenetic modifier in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC) is the histone methyltransferase KMT2D. KMT2D catalyzes methylation of histone H3K4 resulting in open chromatin and the activation of target genes. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote cancer growth by causing T lymphocyte exhaustion. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is a potent TAM chemotactic factor. In HNSC, TAMs have been associated with unfavorable patient outcomes and metastasis. The aim of this study was to determine the role of KMT2D in HNSC using genetically engineered in vivo models.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: KMT2D protein expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis in human HNSC using immunohistochemistry. Genetically engineered KMT2D and CCL2 knockout models of HNSC were created in vivo. HNSC was characterized using qRT-PCR, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence microscopy. We also analyzed the effects of KMT2D expression on the proliferation and migration of human HNSC lines. The regulation of the CCL2 gene by KMT2D was characterized using chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing assay of transposase accessible chromatin-sequencing, and chromatin conformation capture-sequencing.
RESULTS: Human HNSC cases with high KMT2D expression exhibited significantly increased lymph node metastasis. Reduced KMT2D expression in our genetically engineered model correlated with reduced lymph node metastasis, longer latency, and slow tumor growth. CCL2 expression was decreased in KMT2D deficient HNSC, which correlated with a reduced TAM gene expression signature. Genomic experiments demonstrated that KMT2D directly targeted the CCL2 gene. A new genetically engineered in vivo model of CCL2-null HNSC was created, recapitulating the KMT2D deficient phenotype and showing a decreased T lymphocyte exhaustion signature.
CONCLUSION: KMT2D regulates CCL2-mediated immune response and metastasis in HNSC.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new plasminogen activator which prevents thrombosis or rethrombosis by limitedly decomposing fibrinogen.  <P>SOLUTION: This plasminogen activator contains cells of lactic acid bacteria as an active ingredient, wherein the lactic acid bacteria are desirably at least one selected from among Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactisbv. diacetylactis, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and further it is desirable that the cells of the lactic acid bacteria are heat-treated at a temperature of 80-150°C for 5-40 min. Further, the plasminogen activator can utilize a product obtained by extracting the cells of the lactic acid bacteria with an extractant of a pH of 7-14.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
The Teaching experiment period of Normal Teaching was 12 weeks, 40 minutes per lesson which included warm-up (10-min), basic content (20min), rest of basic content (5min), and cool-down (5min). Normal Teaching includes Teacher-directed learning (10 minutes) and Individual practice (10 minutes).
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent and serious condition in the intensive care unit (ICU), associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Septic acute kidney injury (SAKI) contributes substantially to AKI cases in the ICU. However, current diagnostic methods have limitations, necessitating the exploration of novel biomarkers. In this study, we investigated the potential of plasma and urine CCL2 levels as diagnostic markers for AKI and SAKI in 216 ICU patients. Our findings revealed significant differences in plasma (p < 0.01) and urine CCL2 (p < 0.0001) levels between AKI and non-AKI patients in the ICU. Notably, urine CCL2 demonstrated promising predictive value for AKI, exhibiting high specificity and sensitivity (AUC = 0.8976; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we observed higher urine CCL2 levels in SAKI compared to non-septic AKI (p < 0.001) and urine CCL2 could also differentiate SAKI from non-septic AKI (AUC = 0.7597; p < 0.0001). These results suggest that urine CCL2 levels hold promise as early biomarkers for AKI and SAKI, offering valuable insights for timely intervention and improved management of ICU patients.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the pain type (nociceptive or neuropathic) and neuropathic pain components in patients with acute herpes zoster (HZ).
METHODS: Patients with acute HZ referred to the outpatient Dermatology and Venereology clinic between January 2021 and January 2022 were retrospectively detected. The demographic data including gender and age, rash localization, pain severity, and neuropathic pain components were recorded. Pain severity and neuropathic pain components were evaluated using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4), respectively.
RESULTS: The study included a total of 58 patients, comprising 33 females and 25 males. Of these patients, 35 (60.3%) were found to have neuropathic pain. Itching, burning, pins and needles, and tingling were the most frequently reported neuropathic pain signs and symptoms. The proportion of female patients with neuropathic pain was found to be significantly higher than that of male patients (p=0.021). No significant differences were observed in the distribution of pain across different body sites or in the age of patients with neuropathic pain (p>0.05). Itching was significantly more common in younger patients (p=0.02).
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the study found that over half of the patients with acute HZ experienced neuropathic pain, and this was more frequently observed in female patients. Analysis of different components of neuropathic pain showed significant differences in age, gender, and site distribution. The findings of this study may have important implications for the manage-ment and treatment of acute HZ.
The efficacy of TRUDHESA is based on the relative bioavailability of TRUDHESA nasal spray compared to dihydroergotamine mesylate nasal spray in healthy subjects.

The clinical studies described below were conducted using dihydroergotamine mesylate nasal spray.

The efficacy of dihydroergotamine mesylate nasal spray for the acute treatment of migraine headaches was evaluated in four randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled studies in the U.S. The patient population for the trials was predominantly female (87%) and Caucasian (95%) with a mean age of 39 years (range 18 to 65 years). Patients treated a single moderate to severe migraine headache with a single dose of study medication and assessed pain severity over the 24 hours following treatment. Headache response was determined 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after dosing and was defined as a reduction in headache severity to mild or no pain. In studies 1 and 2, a four-point pain intensity scale was utilized; in studies 3 and 4, a five-point scale was used to record pain response. Although rescue medication was allowed in all four studies, patients were instructed not to use them during the four hour observation period. In studies 3 and 4, a total dose of 2 mg was compared to placebo. In studies 1 and 2, doses of 2 and 3 mg were evaluated, and showed no advantage of the higher dose for a single treatment. In all studies, patients received a regimen consisting of 0.5 mg in each nostril, repeated in 15 minutes (and again in another 15 minutes for the 3 mg dose in studies 1 and 2).

The percentage of patients achieving headache response 4 hours after treatment was significantly greater in patients receiving 2 mg doses of dihydroergotamine mesylate nasal spray compared to those receiving placebo in 3 of the 4 studies (see Table 2 and Table 3 and Figure 1 and Figure 2).

The Kaplan-Meier plots below (Figure 1 and Figure 2) provides an estimate of the probability that a patient will have responded to a single 2 mg dose of dihydroergotamine mesylate nasal spray as a function of the time elapsed since initiation of treatment.

For patients with migraine-associated nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia at baseline, there was a lower incidence of these symptoms at 2 and 4 hours following administration of dihydroergotamine mesylate nasal spray compared to placebo.

Patients were not allowed to use additional treatments for 8 hours prior to study medication dosing and during the 4-hour observation period following study treatment. Following the 4-hour observation period, patients were allowed to use additional treatments. For all studies, the estimated probability of patients using additional treatments for their migraines over the 24 hours following the single 2 mg dose of study treatment is summarized in Figure 3 below.

Neither age nor sex appear to affect the patient's response to dihydroergotamine mesylate nasal spray. The racial distribution of patients was insufficient to determine the effect of race on the efficacy of dihydroergotamine mesylate nasal spray.
BACKGROUND: The post-insertion clinical course of esophageal self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) in initially frail patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC) with dysphagia remains unclear. This study aimed to assess dysphagia improvement and evaluate prognosis in initially frail patients with advanced EC following SEMS insertion.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed EC patients with EC who underwent esophageal SEMS insertion at our institution between January 2014 and March 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) ≥ 3 or ECOG PS 2 for individuals aged ≥ 75 years and recommendation for best supportive care by a multidisciplinary team.
RESULTS: Forty-six patients met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 37 patients (80.4%) were ≥ 75 years old, and 21 patients (45.7%) exhibited ECOG PS 3 or 4. Dysphagia score (DS) ≥ 3 was observed in 27 patients (58.7%). All esophageal SEMS insertions were successfully completed. Post-procedure, there were two fatal cases of aspiration pneumonia and one perforation incident. DS improved to ≤ 1 in 25 patients (54.3%), with multivariate analysis indicating DS 3-4 and Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) 1-2 as negative predictive factors. The median overall survival was 4.1 months (95% confidence interval 1.8-6.5).
CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal SEMS insertion effectively alleviated dysphagia in initially frail EC patients, yet prognosis remained poor, with occurrences of some fatal adverse events. Careful selection of candidates for esophageal SEMS insertions is crucial in this demographic, particularly considering the challenges in improving dysphagia for patients with DS 3-4 and GPS 1-2.