anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The endogenous circadian pacemaker (the natural biological rhythm of a 24-hour cycle) is a major determinant of the timing of sleep and sleep structure in humans. There are considerable data from animals and humans suggesting that the properties of the circadian pacemaker change with advancing age. It has been hypothesized that these changes may underlie the sleep disruption and reduction in daytime alertness observed in the elderly. Recent studies have confirmed the impact of endogenous circadian phase on REM sleep (Rapid Eye Movement--the period of sleep associated with dreaming) and have revealed that high sleep efficiency can only be maintained when there is a unique phase-relationship between the sleep episode and endogenous circadian phase. This phase-relationship is such that even a small change in the relative timing of the circadian pacemaker and the daily sleep episode can have a large impact on an individual's ability to consolidate sleep throughout the night, especially in older individuals.

In this field-laboratory study, participants will first be monitored for 3 weeks while living at home on a self-selected sleep-wake schedule. They will then enter the laboratory for a 13-day study. The laboratory study begins with 3 baseline days living on their habitual schedule, and participants will be allowed to leave the hospital each day, returning in the evening. After this 3-day baseline, the initial circadian phase will be estimated in a constant posture (CP protocol). This is followed by a 4-day light treatment, when the participant will be exposed to approximately a 2 hour light session each evening. As in the baseline, the participant will be allowed to leave the hospital during the daytime hours, returning in the early evening. Following the 4-day treatment, a second CP will be conducted. After the CP, a 3-day laboratory follow up will take place (similar to the baseline), and this will be followed by an ambulatory follow-up, where the participant will be monitored with an actigraphy monitor for 3 weeks while living at home (as in the ambulatory baseline). Sleep will be polysomnographically recorded (oxygen saturation, electrocardiography, air flow, respiratory effort, limb movement, eye and jaw muscle movement, and brain electrical activity) each night in the laboratory, blood samples will be collected during each CP so that the phase of the circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion can be assessed, and activity monitoring will continue from the ambulatory baseline through the ambulatory follow-up. Tests of performance and alertness will be conducted during the times the participant is awake in the laboratory.
No antiviral therapy is given. If ALT\>2 ULN (40 IU/L) for HBeAg-positive patients or \> ULN for HBeAg-negative patients during the study period, blank control group can be switched to TMF treatment once a day, 25mg/ time orally until the end of the study.
NLRP3-associated autoinflammatory disease is a heterogenous group of monogenic conditions caused by NLRP3 gain-of-function mutations. The poor functional characterization of most NLRP3 variants hinders diagnosis despite efficient anti-IL-1 treatments. Additionally, while NLRP3 is controlled by priming and activation signals, gain-of-functions have only been investigated in response to priming. Here, we characterize 34 NLRP3 variants in vitro, evaluating their activity upon induction, priming, and/or activation signals, and their sensitivity to four inhibitors. We highlight the functional diversity of the gain-of-function mutants and describe four groups based on the signals governing their activation, correlating partly with the symptom severity. We identify a new group of NLRP3 mutants responding to the activation signal without priming, associated with frequent misdiagnoses. Our results identify key NLRP3 residues controlling inflammasome activity and sensitivity to inhibitors, and antagonistic mechanisms with broader efficacy for therapeutic strategies. They provide new insights into NLRP3 activation, an explanatory mechanism for NLRP3-AID heterogeneity, and original tools for NLRP3-AID diagnosis and drug development.
An anticancer stem cell medicine is provided to have an excellent anticancer effect compared with the existing drug, thereby being used effectively for treatment of various solid cancers and metastatic cancers. A DNA cassette includes the respective nucleic acid sequence for coding dodecameric TRAIL (TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand) and suicide gene. A recombinant expression vector comprises the DNA cassette. The recombinant expression vector is derived from adenovirus. The recombinant adenovirus is made by the recombinant expression vector. The host cell is transfected with the recombinant adenovirus. The anticancer medicine contains the host cell. [Reference numerals] (AA) Survival rate after repeated MSC/dTRAIL-TK injection; (BB) Survival rate (%); (CC) Period (Day) after injecting tumor.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a hair mother cell-activating agent comprising the combination of a plurality of different type compositions containing specific ingredients, respectively, and used by a method where the different type compositions are applied to the hair mother cells at different times. SOLUTION: This agent for activating hair mother cells comprises (A) a composition containing at least a blood circulation-stimulating agent and a cell-activating agent and (B) a composition containing one or more saccharides selected from monosaccharides, disaccharides and oligosaccharides and a water- soluble polymer. The composition A comprises a hair tonic containing an alcohol as a liquid component, and the composition B comprises a lotion containing an aqueous solvent as a liquid component. Either one of the different composition A and B is applied to hair mother cell, and after 1-36hr, the other is applied to the hair mother cells. Thus, the hair mother cells can be activated (restored or grown) on the basis of an action that the resting period of a hair cycle is converted into a growing period (the breakage of the resting period).  The agent can be used for animals including man in vivo or in vitro.
OBJECTIVE: This article aims to present a narrative review of current literature about the anatomical characteristics of the scalp as well as current practices in the management of surgical, traumatic and pressure injuries in the scalp, which are common in neurosurgery practice.
METHOD: We searched PubMed for publications and book chapters in English from 2011 to 2021. We also included commonly referenced papers that we considered relevant to the subject with publication before these dates. We used the search terms 'laceration,' and/or 'neurosurgery' and/or, 'pressure injury,' and/or 'craniotomy,' and/or 'surgical incision' in combination with 'scalp,' and/or 'wound care.' We also searched the reference lists of publications identified by the search strategy and selected those that we judged relevant.
RESULTS: We pre-selected 52 articles that covered various aspects of anatomy, pathophysiology, scalp wound management, or general wound care that we considered applied to the anatomical region of our interest. After abstract review, we selected 34 articles that met our search criteria and were included in our review.
CONCLUSION: There is limited evidence regarding classification and care of scalp wounds. As a result, many of the current practices for scalp wound management are based on evidence derived from studies involving different anatomical regions, not considering its particular anatomy, vasculature and microbiome. Further research is needed for more comprehensive and effective protocols for the management of scalp injuries. However, this present review proposes responses to the identified gaps concerning the management of scalp wounds.
The present invention addresses the treatment of ocular conditions by the enhancement of lens regeneration. This is accomplished by the administration of a high viscosity composition including a hyaluronic acid compound. Excess high viscosity composition may be removed by focal laser photophacoablation. Additionally, a collagen product may be injected within the lens capsule to improve lens cell proliferation and differentiation, and to improve the configuration, shape and structure of regenerated lenses. Various embodiments involving the enhancement of lens regeneration are described. For example, lens regeneration may be enhanced by filling the lens capsule bag with the inventive hyaluronic acid compound; by inserting at least one collagen patch in the lens capsule; and/or by injecting a collagen-based product into the lens capsule.
BACKGROUND: The interaction of CD40L and its receptor CD40 on activated T cells and B cells respectively control pro-inflammatory activation in the pathophysiology of autoimmunity and transplant rejection. Previous studies have implicated signaling pathways involving CD40L (interchangeably referred to as CD154), as well as adaptive and innate immune cell activation, in the induction of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and impact on pro-inflammatory biomarker profiles of an anti CD40L antibody, tegoprubart, in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
METHODS AND FINDINGS: In this multicenter dose-escalating open-label Phase 2A study, 54 participants with a diagnosis of ALS received 6 infusions of tegoprubart administered intravenously every 2 weeks. The study was comprised of 4 dose cohorts: 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, and 8 mg/kg. The primary endpoint of the study was safety and tolerability. Exploratory endpoints assessed the pharmacokinetics of tegoprubart as well as anti-drug antibody (ADA) responses, changes in disease progression utilizing the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), CD154 target engagement, changes in pro-inflammatory biomarkers, and neurofilament light chain (NFL). Seventy subjects were screened, and 54 subjects were enrolled in the study. Forty-nine of 54 subjects completed the study (90.7%) receiving all 6 infusions of tegoprubart and completing their final follow-up visit. The most common treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) overall (>10%) were fatigue (25.9%), falls (22.2%), headaches (20.4%), and muscle spasms (11.1%). Mean tegoprubart plasma concentrations increased proportionally with increasing dose with a half-life of approximately 24 days. ADA titers were low and circulating levels of tegoprubart were as predicted for all cohorts. Tegoprubart demonstrated dose dependent target engagement associated and a reduction in 18 pro-inflammatory biomarkers in circulation.
CONCLUSIONS: Tegoprubart appeared to be safe and well tolerated in adults with ALS demonstrating dose-dependent reduction in pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines associated with ALS. These results warrant further clinical studies with sufficient power and duration to assess clinical outcomes as a potential treatment for adults with ALS.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clintrials.gov ID:NCT04322149.
JNJ-40411813 starting dose from 50 to 150 mg according to tolerability dose range increased stepwise from 50 mg to 150 mg capsule by mouth orally. Capsule (s) taken twice daily with a meal for 10 weeks.
BACKGROUND: Rivaroxaban and amiodarone are commonly used for treating patients with atrial fibrillation. Drug-drug interactions between rivaroxaban and amiodarone may increase exposure to rivaroxaban. However, the clinical relevance of this drug-drug interaction is still not clear.
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the risk of bleeding in patients receiving a combination of rivaroxaban and amiodarone.
METHODS: This was a prospective observational study in which we included atrial fibrillation patients treated with rivaroxaban. The patients were divided into the rivaroxaban group and the combination of rivaroxaban and amiodarone group (the combination group). Propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were performed to adjust between-group differences. The primary endpoint was defined as the time to the first occurrence of a composite of major, clinically relevant nonmajor, and minor bleeding.
RESULTS: In total, 481 atrial fibrillation patients were included in the analysis. After PSM, 154 patients in the rivaroxaban group were matched with 154 patients in the combination group. The bleeding events mainly consisted of clinically relevant nonmajor and minor bleeding. Only one patient experienced major bleeding. The primary outcome was recorded in 26.0% of patients in the combination group and 10.4% of patients in the rivaroxaban group (hazard ratio = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.55-4.93, P < 0.001). The bleeding risk was significantly higher in the combination group compared with that in the rivaroxaban group in the IPTW and stabilized IPTW analyses (hazard ratio = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.32-3.56, P = 0.002).
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: The combination of rivaroxaban and amiodarone increased the risk of bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation, especially clinically relevant nonmajor and minor bleeding. Physicians prescribing rivaroxaban and amiodarone together should be concerned about an increase in the risk of nonmajor bleeding.
Unlike the nasal prongs for NCPAP (which fit tightly in the nares), the nasal cannula for HFNC have smaller, loose-fitting prong. With HFNC, positive airway pressure is achieved by high gas flow through the cannula into the external nares which provide resistance to expiration and facilitate inspiration. The distending pressure is determined by the size and structure of the nasal cannula, gas flow rate, and the neonate's airway anatomy 4,5,7. Newborns randomized to HFNC will be started on a flow rate of 4L/min and supplemental oxygen will be provided to maintain oxygen saturations between 88-93% (experimental group). Once initiated, the gas flow rate will be titrated as needed by the attending neonatologist to ameliorate signs of respiratory distress to a maximum flow rate of 6L/min. The nasal cannula size (0.2 cm or 0.3 mm outer diameter) will determined by the caliber of the subject's nares).
Subjects with sickle cell trait and healthy controls will be subjected to a single bout of moderate, controlled exercise on a treadmill. Blood and urine samples will be collected before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 24 hours after exercise. Fifteen biomarkers, three selected to evaluate each of the five physiologic pathways previously listed, will be tested at each of the three time points. Abnormal biomarkers before exercise suggest chronic pathway activation while exacerbated levels after exercise suggest further activation stimulated by exercise. Biomarker levels 24 hours post-exercise will be used to evaluate continued pathway activation or pathway recovery. By definition, 95% of health controls will show normal biomarker levels pre-exercise and biomarker patterns post-exercise will serve as the expected standard by which to compare the test subjects.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors and Serotonin Syndrome: Cases of life-threatening serotonin syndrome have been reported during combined use of SSRIs or SNRIs and triptans (see WARNINGS).

Migraine Prophylactic Medications: There is no evidence that concomitant use of migraine prophylactic medications has any effect on the efficacy of sumatriptan. In 2 Phase III trials in the US, a retrospective analysis of 282 patients who had been using prophylactic drugs (verapamil n = 63, amitriptyline n = 57, propranolol n = 94, for 45 other drugs n = 123) were compared with those who had not used prophylaxis (N = 452). There were no differences in relief rates at 60 minutes postdose for IMITREX Injection, whether or not prophylactic medications were used.

Ergot-Containing Drugs: Ergot-containing drugs have been reported to cause prolonged vasospastic reactions. Because there is a theoretical basis that these effects may be additive, use of ergotamine-containing or ergot-type medications (like dihydroergotamine or methysergide) and sumatriptan within 24 hours of each other should be avoided (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).

Monoamine Oxidase-A Inhibitors: MAO-A inhibitors reduce sumatriptan clearance, significantly increasing systemic exposure. Therefore, the use of sumatriptan in patients receiving MAO-A inhibitors is not ordinarily recommended. If the clinical situation warrants the combined use of sumatriptan and an MAOI, the dose of sumatriptan employed should be reduced (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Drug Interactions: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and WARNINGS: Concomitant Drug Use).
BACKGROUND: No previous study recreating an isolated thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) dislocation with or without suture augmentation has been performed in the laboratory. This investigation aimed to evaluate the mechanism and ligamentous complex of isolated thumb CMC dislocations.
METHODS: Biomechanical analysis was performed in 10 cadaveric specimens. A posteriorly directed force or axial loading with hyperflexion through the CMC joint was applied. Load was applied at a rate of 1 mm/s until posterior CMC dislocation was achieved. Maximum load, displacement under nominal loading, stiffness, and mode of failure were recorded. The native ligament was repaired, augmented with high-tensile suture, and testing was repeated.
RESULTS: Posteriorly directed force produced posterior CMC dislocations, while axial loading and hyperflexion through the CMC joint caused fractures. Load-to-failure of the native CMC joint was 217.76 N (SD = 66.03). Stiffness of the ligamentous complex on average was 18.86 N/mm (SD = 8.83). Mean load-to-failure after repair with suture augmentation was 94.62 N (SD = 39.77), with average stiffness of 8.21 N/mm (SD = 3.06). The native ligament was noted to have greater stiffness (P = .002) and greater load-to-failure (P = .0001) than repair with suture augmentation. Maximum displacement-to-failure of the native ligament was 14.5 mm compared with repair with suture augmentation 11.9 mm (P = .068).
CONCLUSION: Isolated CMC dislocation was achieved with a posteriorly directed force rather than hyperflexion of the joint. Ultimate failure load of the repaired ligaments with suture augmentation was about half of that of the native ligaments. Further research into this technique is warranted.
PURPOSE: To obtain a stable lyophilized composition of thiotepa which is an antitumor alkylating agent by preparing an aqueous solution of the thiotepa, adding a base to the resultant aqueous solution, regulating the pH to a weakly alkaline one and freeze-drying the regulated aqueous solution. CONSTITUTION: This lyophilized composition for parenteral administration is obtained by preparing an aqueous solution of thiotepa represented by the formula, i.e., 1,1',1"-phosphinothioylidynetrisaziridine, then adding a base to the resultant aqueous solution, regulating the pH to 7-9 and subsequently freeze-drying the aqueous solution. The thiotepa is used for chemotherapy for various neoplastic diseases including adenocarcinoma of the breast and an ovary. Furthermore, the thiotepa is a multifunctional alkylating agent used for treating superficial papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The composition is improved in stability without haze formation when reconstituted with, an aqueous solution of a culture medium. The lyophilized composition is advantageous due to a prolonged shelf life.
BACKGROUND: Normative values are valuable for comparing a specific population with the general population, making them particularly useful in disease burden studies and cost-effectiveness analysis. The objective of this study was to estimate HRQoL normative values for the EQ-5D measure in Iran.
METHODS: The analysis was performed using a sample (n = 27,704) of the Iranian adult population, which was extracted from a nationwide survey conducted in 2021. Participants assessed their health-related quality of life using the EQ-5D-3 L instrument and a visual analogue scale (EQ VAS). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between utility scores, EQ VAS scores, and various socio-demographic factors.
RESULTS: The mean utility and EQ VAS scores of the total sample were 0.87 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.88) and 72.9 (95% CI: 72.7, 73.1), respectively. Almost half of the respondents (46.8%) reported a health state without any problems. The most prevalent problems were pain/discomfort (38.3%) and anxiety/depression (35.2%). Furthermore, EQ-5D values and EQ VAS scores were associated with gender, age, employment status, education level, marital status, and chronic illness.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provided normative values for the general population in Iran. Policymakers and researchers can use these values as a reference for population norms in economic assessments and studies focusing on the population's health.
The administration of local anesthetics is one of the most dreaded or anxiety-inducing triggers in a dental setup. Patients, particularly children, may be fearful of dental injections, which may prevent them from seeking dental treatment. Even though profound local anesthesia aids in the treatment of pediatric patients in terms of reducing their anxiety and pain during restorative and surgical procedures, the fear of needles has been cited as a barrier to develop proper dental care. Numerous techniques have been researched in an attempt to minimize the pain and distress associated with these dental injections, varying from localized methods to distraction techniques. The localized methods include application of topical agents, altering the rate of injection, increasing the pH of local anesthetics by buffering and pretreatment with lasers. Instruments such as CCLA System (computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system) and dental vibe are also available to make dental injections more comfortable. Studies have found that sweet flavored solutions, mainly 30% sucrose, given orally prior to cutaneous procedures can reduce discomfort in neonates undergoing heel sticks and venipuncture. Effectiveness of sucrose in the treatment of, procedural pain in newborns and babies has been verified in a Cochrane reviews.
To investigate the sequential changes in spinal stiffness and back muscle activity of asymptomatic participants over time without any intervention. Participants of this arm can volunteer for an additional experimental pain protocol after their third visit (at 1 week) to investigate the effects of experimental pain on the changes of spinal stiffness and back muscle activity using a randomized crossover design (injecting 5% hypertonic saline or 0.9% isotonic saline to the interspinous ligaments at L3 to L5 levels in random order in two additional visits).
Participants will receive TV46763 (hydrocodone bitartrate/acetaminophen) 5.0 mg/325 mg IR tablets for 48 hours (every 4 to 6 hours) on Days 1, 2, and 3 during the inpatient treatment period. Participants will continue to take the same treatment daily, every 4 to 6 hours after discharge on Day 3, over a 10-day (±1 day) outpatient treatment period.
PURPOSE:To provide the titled inhibitor composed of HACHIMI-JIOGAN (a kind of compounded Chinese herb drug) having extremely low toxicity and high safety. CONSTITUTION:A mixture composed of 5-8pts.(wt.) of JIOU (root of Rehmania glutinosa), 3-4pts. of YAMAGUMI, 3-4pts. of SANYAKU (rhizome of Dioscorea japonica), 3pts. of TAKUSHA (tuber of Alisma orientale), 3pts. of BUKURYO (pileus of Poria cocos), 3pts. of BOTANPI (root skin of Paeonia moutan), 1pts. of KEIHI (bark of Cinnamomum cassia) and 0.5-1pt. of BUSHI (tuber of Aconitum carmichaeli) is extracted with 10 times weight of hot water and the extracted liquid is filtered and dried to obtain dried extract powder of HACHIMI-JIOGAN useful as an aldose reductase inhibitor. It can be administered in the form of powder, granule, tablet, capsule, etc. If necessary, the extract may be purified by dialysis or various chromatographic means. Dose: 1-10g of dried extract powder daily in about 3 divided doses.