anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Obesity is a disease of epidemic proportions in the United States and contributes to morbidity and mortality for a large part of the population. In addition, the financial costs of this disease to society are high. Lifestyle modifications are key to prevention and treatment but adherence and long-term success have been challenging. Bariatric surgery has been available and pharmacologic approaches, first developed in the 1950s, continue to be an option; however, existing formulations have not provided optimal clinical efficacy and have had many concerning adverse effects. Over the last decade, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, a novel group of medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, were found to produce significant weight loss. Several formulations, at higher doses, received FDA approval for the treatment of obesity or those overweight with weight-related co-morbidities. More hormone-based therapies were and are being developed, some with dual or triple-receptor agonist activity. Their use, however, is not without questions and concerns as to long-term safety and efficacy, problems with cost and reimbursement, and how their use may intersect with public health efforts to manage the obesity epidemic. This review will focus on the GLP-1 receptor agonists currently used for weight loss and discuss their pharmacology, pertinent research findings establishing their benefits and risks, issues with prescribing these medications, and a perspective from a public health point of view.
The study design included two phases. The first phase consisted in four STI of 8 weeks each (off-ART), separated by 16 weeks of treatment -or the time necessary to reach again to PVL \<20 copies/mL- (on-ART). At the end of the 4th off-ART cycle (week 0) an interim evaluation was performed and the second phase initiated. During the second phase, the first 6 patients received ART until they reach PVL\<20 copies/mL, discontinuing thereafter (final stop). The last 6 patients received ART and low doses of IL-2. ARV therapy was stopped after reaching PVL\<20 copies/mL (final stop) and IL-2 after 6 months of treatment. IL-2 was prescribed at a dose of 750.000 UI/m2 daily and was self-administrated in all patients previous trained by a specialized nurse. ART was resumed in patient dropping CD4 cell count less than 350 cell/mm3 in two consecutive determinations or in patients who developed opportunistic infections. A long term follow up analysis was performed at 3, 6 and 9 years since the final stop. It included time to resume ART, clinical events, survival rate, CD4-CD8-CD4/CD8 ratio.
Health care services information from outpatient and impatient claims data bases are computer processed relative to selected clinical variables, which include age, gender, and diagnosis, and preferably also include comorbidity and use of some procedures. These variables are ranked into orders of clinical complexity; and, primarily by means of regression analysis, the extent of systematic relationships of the ranked clinical complexity variables are determined relative to the costs (and preferably also to the utilization of procedures and indicia of quality) of health care services rendered to a patient population. In this process, the available data on the health care experience of the patients is linked to each patient so that information abut the state of the health of each patient can be systematically related to the clinical complexity variables. Determination of the systematic relationships of the services rendered to the clinical complexity variables then allows comparisons of cost (and preferably also of utilization of procedures and indicia of quality). The comparisons are made meaningfully equivalent by adjusting for the clinical complexity of the patients receiving the services in question. This allows a realistic comparison of the efficiency of health care services from different providers.
Participants with normal hepatic function will receive a single oral dose of TAK-279 50 mg, on Day 1 in Part A of the study. Based on an evaluation of the results from Part A, additional participants with normal hepatic function may be enrolled in Part B of the study.
PURPOSE: A method for making fermented adzuki bean and the usage of the same are provided to offer helpful information which is able to help to reduce and prevent developing diseases. CONSTITUTION: A method for making fermented adzuki bean comprises; a step of putting monascus pilosus or culture media including monascus pilosus to wheat bran and rice bran and obtaining solid germs and a step of putting and cultivating solid germs to adzuki bean which is to be fermented. Wheat bran and rice bran as the culture media including monascus pilosus have moisture by 45-60%. The number of monascus pilosus is IFO 4480 or KCCM 6039. The culture media including manascus piolosus is obtained after monascus pilosus is injected into PDB medium, S-INAE medium or Mizutani medium. Adzuki bean is sprouted adzuki bean and is 1-5mm long. The amount of inoculum is 1.5-30% by weight of adzuki bean.
Selenium (Se), an indispensable micronutrient for living organisms, has been extensively studied for its heavy metal-detoxifying properties in diverse biological systems and tissues. Nevertheless, it is not entirely certain whether Se can effectively protect against Cadmium (Cd)-induced gut inflammation, especially in aquatic animals. In this study, we employed various approaches, including transcriptome profiling, histological examinations, assessment of antioxidant enzyme activities, and analysis of gut microbiota composition to investigate the effects on crayfish growth and intestinal health after exposure to dietary Cd (15 mg kg-1 diet) and Se (15 mg kg-1 diet) individually or in combination for 8 weeks. The results revealed that dietary Cd exposure resulted in reduced body weight and survival rates, along with an increased occurrence of intestinal inflammation. Nevertheless, Se supplementation proved effective in mitigating the adverse effects of Cd on growth and gut health. Se exhibited a remarkable ability to counteract the disruption of gut antioxidant abilities induced by dietary Cd, as evidenced by the observed increases in ROS and MDA contents, decrease in GSH levels, and inhibition of antioxidative enzyme activities. At the concentration of 6 mg kg-1 in the diet, Se was found beneficial for maintaining gut microbiota richness and diversity. Among them, Flavobacterium, Thermomonas, and Chloronema displayed a weak negative correlation with the rate of gut inflammation. Meanwhile, the levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetic acid (AA) and butanoic acid (BA), showed a significant increase in the Se-Cd group compared to the Cd-only group. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis exhibited significant responses of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways following crayfish exposure to dietary Se and Cd, either separately or in combination. In short, this study provides a new evidence regarding the molecular mechanisms through which Se could regulate the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways, either directly or indirectly via ROS and SCFAs, thereby alleviating Cd-induced gut inflammation in crayfish.
Patients assigned to Group 3, will not undergo LGE-CMR. Ablation procedure will be carried out in an electrophysiology lab by using the CARTO 3 electroanatomical mapping system (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA). A ThermoCool SmartTouch SF open irrigated 3,5 mm tip radiofrequency catheter (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) will be used both for mapping and ablation.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the performance of ChatGPT™ (Open AI®) and Bing AI™ (Microsoft®) for responding to kidney stone treatment-related questions in accordance with the American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines and assess factors such as appropriateness, emphasis on consulting healthcare providers, references, and adherence to guidelines by each chatbot.
METHODS: We developed 20 kidney stone evaluation and treatment-related questions based on the AUA Surgical Management of Stones guideline. Questions were asked to ChatGPT and Bing AI chatbots. We compared their responses utilizing the brief DISCERN tool as well as response appropriateness.
RESULTS: ChatGPT significantly outperformed Bing AI for questions 1-3, which evaluate clarity, achievement, and relevance of responses (12.77 ± 1.71 vs. 10.17 ± 3.27; p < 0.01). In contrast, Bing AI always incorporated references, whereas ChatGPT never did. Consequently, the results for questions 4-6, which evaluated the quality of sources, were consistently favored Bing AI over ChatGPT (10.8 vs. 4.28; p < 0.01). Notably, neither chatbot offered guidance against guidelines for pre-operative testing. However, recommendations against guidelines were notable for specific scenarios: 30.5% for the treatment of adults with ureteral stones, 52.5% for adults with renal stones, and 20.5% for all patient treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: ChatGPT significantly outperformed Bing AI in terms of providing responses with clear aim, achieving such aim, and relevant and appropriate responses based on AUA surgical stone management guidelines. However, Bing AI provides references, allowing information quality assessment. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate these chatbots and their potential use by clinicians and patients for urologic healthcare-related questions.
Bradycardia and asystole are potential life threatning complications during surgery of large cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors (\>2 x 2 cm diameter), with compression of the pons.The incidence of such complications are unknown. One of the plausible mechanisms is inadvertent parasympathetic nerve stimulation (IPNS) due to the proximity of this cranial nerve to the CPA tumor. Monitoring parasympathetic nerve activity may provide further insight to the implication of this cranial nerve in the cardiac complications observed during surgery of large CPA tumors. The analgesia nociception index (ANI) monitor assesses the balance between analgesia and nociception through the detection of parasympathetic tone. Despite the abundant clinical reports about this index, to the knowledge of the investigators, only a few studies have been published in the neurological setting. Moreover, there are no data reporting the parasympathetic profile (measured by the ANI monitor) in situations of IPNS and EA. Are these profiles the same or different? Such is the main question this study thrives to answer. Understanding the behavior of parasympathetic nerve activity in this context could help provide the appropriate management strategy.

In order to answer this question, participants undergoing elective large CPA tumor surgery were included in this prospective observational study. Standard cardiorespiratory monitoring including heart rate (HR) was done. Target-controlled anesthesia with Propofol and Remifentanil was guided by a bispectral index of 30-40 and an ANI of 50-70 respectively. Data was continuously recorded with event markers at the onset of bradycardia (HR \< 45 bpm), asystole and the coincidence of ANI \> 80 with Remifentanil site effect \> 6 ng.ml-1 (defined as excessive analgesia).
Stabilized pharmaceutical formulations comprising IFN-.beta. and highly purified mannitol are provided. The highly purified mannitol stabilizes the compositions by reducing the formation of IFN-.beta. adducts in comparison with IFN-.beta. formulated with mannitol that has not been highly purified. Methods for increasing the stability of IFN-.beta. or a variant thereof in a liquid or lyophilized composition and for increasing storage stability of such a composition are also provided.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide hair styling compositions containing metal-oxide layered pigments or functionalized metal-oxide layered pigments, and to provide methods of use.  <P>SOLUTION: The hair styling compositions containing metal-oxide layered pigments are provided. The use of the metal-oxide layered pigments in the hair styling compositions is provided. The compositions containing film-formers and stabilizers in combination with the metal-oxide layered pigments are also provided. The cosmetic compositions containing functionalized metal-oxides layered pigments are provided. The use of the functionalized metal-oxide layered pigments in cosmetics (such as a hair, eye, lip, skin or nail composition) is provided. The metal-oxide layered pigments are functionalized with ligands which provide improved properties to the pigments in the cosmetics.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) with lymph node metastasis (LNM) have the worst prognosis, even after complete resection; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we established CAF-derived PDGF-BB as a regulator of LMN in CCA. Proteomics analysis revealed upregulation of PDGF-BB in CAFs derived from patients with CCA with LMN (LN+CAFs). Clinically, the expression of CAF-PDGF-BB correlated with poor prognosis and increased LMN in patients with CCA, while CAF-secreted PDGF-BB enhanced lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-mediated lymphangiogenesis and promoted the trans-LEC migration ability of tumor cells. Co-injection of LN+CAFs and cancer cells increased tumor growth and LMN in vivo. Mechanistically, CAF-derived PDGF-BB activated its receptor PDGFR-β and its downstream ERK1/2-JNK signaling pathways in LECs to promote lymphoangiogenesis, while it also upregulated the PDGFR-β-GSK-P65-mediated tumor cell migration. Finally, targeting PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β or the GSK-P65 signaling axis prohibited CAF-mediated popliteal lymphatic metastasis (PLM) in vivo. Overall, our findings revealed that CAFs promote tumor growth and LMN via a paracrine network, identifying a promising therapeutic target for patients with advanced CCA.
BACKGROUND: Because pain can have profound ramifications for quality of life and daily functioning, understanding nuances in the interplay of psychosocial experiences with pain perception is vital for effective pain management. In separate lines of research, pain resilience and mortality salience have emerged as potentially important psychological correlates of reduced pain severity and increased tolerance of pain. However, to date, there has been a paucity of research examining potentially interactive effects of these factors on pain perception. To address this gap, the present experiment investigated mortality salience as a causal influence on tolerance of laboratory pain and a moderator of associations between pain resilience and pain tolerance within a Chinese sample.
METHODS: Participants were healthy young Chinese adults (86 women, 84 men) who first completed a brief initial cold pressor test (CPT) followed by measures of demographics and pain resilience. Subsequently, participants randomly assigned to a mortality salience (MS) condition completed two open-ended essay questions in which they wrote about their death as well as a death anxiety scale while those randomly assigned to a control condition completed analogous tasks about watching television. Finally, all participants engaged in a delay task and a second CPT designed to measure post-manipulation pain tolerance and subjective pain intensity levels.
RESULTS: MS condition cohorts showed greater pain tolerance than controls on the post-manipulation CPT, though pain intensity levels did not differ between groups. Moderator analyses indicated that the relationship between the behavior perseverance facet of pain resilience and pain tolerance was significantly stronger among MS condition participants than controls.
CONCLUSIONS: This experiment is the first to document potential causal effects of MS on pain tolerance and Ms as a moderator of the association between self-reported behavior perseverance and behavioral pain tolerance. Findings provide foundations for extensions within clinical pain samples.
Diagnostic procedures which involve the use of radiopaque contrast agents should be carried out under the direction of personnel with the requisite training and with a thorough knowledge of the particular procedure to be performed. A history of bronchial asthma, atopy, as evidenced by hay fever and eczema, or a previous reaction to a contrast agent, warrant special attention. Caution should be exercised with the use of radiopaque media in severely debilitated patients and in those with marked hypertension or advanced cardiac disease.

Ingestion of this product is not recommended in patients with a history of food aspiration. If barium studies are required in these patients or in patients in whom integrity of the swallowing mechanism is unknown, proceed with caution. If this product is aspirated into the larynx, further administration should be immediately discontinued.

After any barium study of the GI tract, it is important to rehydrate the patient as quickly as possible to prevent impaction of the bowel by barium sulfate. To prevent barium sulfate impaction in the bowel, the use of mild laxatives such as milk of magnesia or lactulose, following completion of the examination may also be required. These mild laxatives are recommended on a routine basis and in patients with a history of constipation unless contraindicated.
PURPOSE: The prevention of mechanical complications (MC) is a major concern in adult spinal deformity (ASD) correction surgery; thus, the global alignment and proportion (GAP) score was developed to assess MC risk. Numerous studies have clarified the validity of the GAP score, but their contradictory results have prevented researchers from reaching compelling conclusions. This study aimed to analyze the predictive power of the GAP score on MC via a meta-analysis.
METHODS: A total of 1,617 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Studies relevant to the GAP score and MC were identified in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL and screened according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The GAP score categories of the patients and their MC/revision surgery status were collected. The data collected for the meta-analysis of odds ratios (OR) included the number of patients in the GAP score subgroups and their MC/revision surgery status. To calculate the OR, three GAP score subgroups were combined into two groups; hence, the analysis was conducted twice (gap proportioned [GAP-P] and higher groups, and gap severely disproportioned [GAP-SD] and lower groups).
RESULTS: Eleven studies were collected; of them, revision surgery data were available for seven. The proportion of MC in the studies was 27.7-60.6%, while that of revision surgery was 11.7-34.9%. In the meta-analysis of the GAP-P and higher score groups, the difference in MC ratio was significant (OR = 2.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20-6.67; P = 0.02), whereas that for revision surgery was not. For the GAP-SD and lower score groups, the GAP-SD group had significantly higher proportions of both MC (OR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.57-4.45; P < 0.001) and revision surgery (OR = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.33-3.88; P = 0.003). Publication bias was significant only in the latter MC analysis.
CONCLUSION: The GAP score offers predictive value for the risk of mechanical complications.
PURPOSE: A beta-carboline alkaloid is provided to promote melanogenesis with less side effect and to be applied to a pharmaceutical, neutraceutical, or cosmetic composition. CONSTITUTION: A composition for promoting melanogenesis contains beta-carboline alkaloid or derivative, salt, hydrate, or solvate thereof. The beta-carboline alkaloid is harmaline or harmolol. The composition is used for preventing and treating hypochromatism. A pharmaceutical composition for promoting melanogenesis contains beta-carboline alkaloid, derivative, salt, hydrate, or solvate thereof as an active ingredient. The pharmaceutical composition is manufactured in the form of paste ointment, cream, powder, penetration pad, solution, gel, spray, or suspension.
The decrease in the number of skeletal muscle and decline in muscle function is the most important factor in influencing the ability to perform physical function independently in the later stage of our life. The reduction of quadriceps strength with advancing age in both gender is proved to be associated with an increased risk of fractures, increased chance of worsening of knee pain, high risk of osteoarthritis. Quadriceps weakness is also proved to be a contributing factor to falls among frail nursing home residents.

Motor imagery had been widely utilized and proved to benefits different population. Motor imagery training makes a better motor performance as proved to be an effective tool in stroke rehabilitation, it is effective and useful when there are severely injured patients. This imagery training has turned into performance enrichment ways and simulation tools which has been widely utilized in sports psychological interventions as well.

Motor imagery can be defined as a dynamic mental state during which the representation of a given motor act or movement is rehearsed in working memory without any overt motor output. Motor imagery can also be defined as utilizing whole senses to reform or form an experience in one's thought. Motor imagery can be performed in different modes which can be classified into visual, tactile, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, and kinesthetic modes. There are lot of studies which have showed that motor imagery task does activate the cortical and subcortical regions of the brain and they overlap in a great extent with task required movement execution. The parts of the brain proved to participate in motor control consists of the premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA), as well as the primary motor cortex (M1). All these brain areas are nearly related to the basal ganglia and cerebellum, as a result, large feedback loop systems are formed. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of motor imagery training on quadriceps strength among community-dwelling elderly. The second aim of our study is to compare the gender differences with regards to quadriceps muscle improvement after motor imagery training.
Despite sharing the same histologic classification, individual tumors in multi metastatic patients may present with different characteristics and varying sensitivities to anticancer therapies. In this study, we investigate the utility of radiomic biomarkers for prediction of lesion-specific treatment resistance in multi metastatic leiomyosarcoma patients. Using a dataset of n=202 lung metastases (LM) from n=80 patients with 1648 pre-treatment computed tomography (CT) radiomics features and LM progression determined from follow-up CT, we developed a radiomic model to predict the progression of each lesion. Repeat experiments assessed the relative predictive performance across LM volume groups. Lesion-specific radiomic models indicate up to a 4.5-fold increase in predictive capacity compared with a no-skill classifier, with an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.70 for the most precise model (FDR = 0.05). Precision varied by administered drug and LM volume. The effect of LM volume was controlled by removing radiomic features at a volume-correlation coefficient threshold of 0.20. Predicting lesion-specific responses using radiomic features represents a novel strategy by which to assess treatment response that acknowledges biological diversity within metastatic subclones, which could facilitate management strategies involving selective ablation of resistant clones in the setting of systemic therapy.