anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
A traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases relates to a traditional Chinese medicine. The invention solves the defect that traditional Chinese medicines cannot be taken at acute stage of cardiovascular disease. After early application of the traditional Chinese medicine provided by the invention, patients can be recovered more rapidly, and great economic, spiritual and social burdens on patients, families and the society that are caused by sequelae are minimized or eliminated. The traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases comprises the following ingredients, by weight, 50 parts of Radix Astragali, 30 parts of lumbricus, 30 parts of vegetable sponge of luffa, 20 parts of Chinese angelica, 25 parts of Ligusticum wallichii, 30 parts of radix paeoniae rubrathe, 15 parts of radix bupleuri, 20 parts of safflower, 15 parts of dahurian angelica root, 15 parts of Cyperus Rotundus L, 20 parts of frankincense, 20 parts of uncaria, 15 parts of abalone shell and 15 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis. The traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular disease has no toxic Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients, has no toxic or side effect, is low-cost, and can be used in treatment of various cerebral hemorrhages. The treatment course is about 20-30 days. Curative effect is good. Effective rate reaches 100%, and cure rate reaches more than 90%.
The new peptides with partial or complete primary structure and one or many animal erythropoietin (ERO) biological properties are described. These peptides are a product of exogenous DNA sequence expression in the prokaryote or eukaryote host cells. Self-replicating plasmids or virus vectors are introduced into the DNA genome, kDNA and sequences of constructed DNA, which partially or completely code amino acid residual sequence in ERO or its analogues. Bacteria, yeast or vertebrate cells are applied as the host cells. Human or simian ERO, separated from a culture cellular lysate or DNA sequence expression product fragments, displays, for example, immunological properties and biological activity in vitro and in vivo. Chemically synthesized polypeptides with biological and immunological ERO properties are also described. Complete methods of specific single-stranded polynucleotide verification in the heterological cell or virus sample obtained from e.g. DNA of plasmids, kDNA of a virus-carrier or DNA genome library are described.
The 15q11.2q13 chromosomal region is particularly susceptible to chromosomal rearrangements due to low-copy repeats (LCRs) located inside this area. Specific breakpoints (BP1-BP5) that lead to deletions and duplications of variable size have been identified. Additionally, this specific region contains several imprinted genes, giving rise to complex syndromes (Prader-Willi, Angelman and 15q11-q13 duplication syndromes). 15q11.2-q13 duplication syndrome has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (hypotonia, developmental delay, speech delay and seizures) and ASD but is characterized by variable expressivity and reduced penetrance, features that make genetic counseling a complex procedure especially in prenatal cases. In the present study, a total of 14 pre- and postnatal cases were diagnosed as 15q11.2q13 duplication carriers using Affymetrix CytoScan 750 K array-CGH, and our analysis combined these with 120 cases existing in the literature. The inheritance pattern of the cases of this study is unknown, but as a review of the literature revealed, 62.96% of the affected carriers inherited the duplicated area from their mother. The combined results of this analysis (the present study and the literature) show that in the majority of the cases, the phenotype is a compound phenotype, with clinical characteristics that include ASD, intellectual disability, developmental delay and an absence of speech. The aim of this paper is to deliver new possibilities to genetic counseling that can be provided in prenatal and postnatal cases as the phenotype of 15q11.2q13 microduplication carriers cannot be fully predicted; so, clinical diagnoses should be a combination of molecular findings and clinical manifestations that are present.
In subacute toxicity studies, orally administered griseofulvin produced hepatocellular necrosis in mice, but this has not been seen in other species. Chronic feeding of griseofulvin, at levels ranging from 0.5 to 2.5% of the diet, resulted in the development of liver tumors in several strains of mice, particularly in males. Smaller particle sizes resulted in an enhanced effect. Lower oral-dosage levels have not been tested. Subcutaneous administration of relatively small doses of griseofulvin once a week during the first three weeks of life has also been reported to induce hepatomata in mice. Thyroid tumors, mostly adenomas but some carcinomas, have been reported in male rats receiving griseofulvin at levels of 2%, 1% and 0.2% of the diet, and in female rats receiving the two higher dose levels. Studies in other animal species were inadequate assessments of tumorigenicity.

Disturbances in porphyrin metabolism have been reported in griseofulvin-treated laboratory animals. Griseofulvin has been reported to have a colchicine-like effect on mitosis and was cocarcinogenic with methylcholanthrene in cutaneous tumor induction in laboratory animals. Griseofulvin interferes with chromosomal distribution during cell division, causing aneuploidy in plant and mammalian cells. These effects have been demonstrated in vitro at concentrations that may be achieved in the serum with the recommended therapeutic dosage.

Suppression of spermatogenesis has been reported to occur in rats and sperm abnormalities have been observed in griseofulvin treated mice, but these were not detected in man. Male patients should wait at least six months after completing griseofulvin therapy before fathering a child.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and acceptability of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness and accessibility of NMES and compared them with usual care in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD by searching databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials published up to April 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients with COPD who were treated within 3 weeks of acute exacerbation onset were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 tools. We pooled limb muscle strength and adverse events and performed a comparison between NMES and usual care. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.
RESULTS: Five RCTs, including 168 patients, met the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis showed that limb muscle strength was significantly higher in the NMES group (four studies with 148 patients; standardized mean difference, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.60-1.30; p < 0.001). The quality of evidence was very low due to the risk of bias within the studies, imprecision of the estimates, and small number of studies. Any adverse events served as outcomes in three studies (86 patients), although no adverse events occurred.
CONCLUSION: NMES is safe for patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and may maintain and improve limb muscle strength; however, the quality of evidence was very low.
BACKGROUND: Real-world data on tofacitinib (TOF) covering a period of more than 1 year for a sufficient number of Asian patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are scarce.
AIM: To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of TOF treatment for UC, including clinical issues.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective single-center observational analysis of 111 UC patients administered TOF at Hyogo Medical University as a tertiary inflammatory bowel disease center. All consecutive UC patients who received TOF between May 2018 and February 2020 were enrolled. Patients were followed up until August 2020. The primary outcome was the clinical response rate at week 8. Secondary outcomes included clinical remission at week 8, cumulative persistence rate of TOF administration, colectomy-free survival, relapse after tapering of TOF and predictors of clinical response at week 8 and week 48.
RESULTS: The clinical response and remission rates were 66.3% and 50.5% at week 8, and 47.1% and 43.5% at week 48, respectively. The overall cumulative clinical remission rate was 61.7% at week 48 and history of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) agents use had no influence (P = 0.25). The cumulative TOF persistence rate at week 48 was significantly lower in patients without clinical remission than in those with remission at week 8 (30.9% vs 88.1%; P < 0.001). Baseline partial Mayo Score was significantly lower in responders vs non-responders at week 8 (odds ratio: 0.61, 95% confidence interval: 0.45-0.82, P = 0.001). Relapse occurred in 45.7% of patients after TOF tapering, and 85.7% of patients responded within 4 wk after re-increase. All 6 patients with herpes zoster (HZ) developed the infection after achieving remission by TOF.
CONCLUSION: TOF was more effective in UC patients with mild activity at baseline and its efficacy was not affected by previous treatment with anti-TNF-α agents. Most relapsed patients responded again after re-increase of TOF and nearly half relapsed after tapering off TOF. Special attention is needed for tapering and HZ.
Central venous catheters are fundamental tools in medical practice, but their use carries frequent local and systemic complications, with bloodstream infection (bacteremia) and thrombus formation being the most frequent and serious. Both complications prolong hospitalization time, increase morbidity, mortality, and hospital costs. Promoting policies to prevent catheter-associated infections (CAIs) not only reduces the number of complications but is also essential to mitigate and control the development of multidrug-resistant organisms. The mechanism by which catheters become colonized is multifactorial and complex. Mainly, bacteria access the catheter through three access routes: 1) migration of superficial organisms that follow the path of the catheter until they colonize its tip. Generally, this extraluminal form of colonization causes bacteremia in the first days of catheterization. 2) The intraluminal route is the most frequent form of colonization. Inadequate cleaning of system connections, especially in multiple-lumen and multiple-path catheters, allows bacteria to enter after the first week of use. The third colonization route is rare and is due to hematogenous seeding of bacteria from a distant focus of infection or intrinsic contamination of the infused fluid. Other factors that also favor catheter colonization are the type of material (Teflon is less friendly to the vein), the number of lumens (directly proportional to the risk of infection), the nutritional and immunological deterioration of the individual, the type of infusion administered and the insertion site.

Medium access peripheral venous catheters (MC) are a low-cost, easy-to-place, and highly-durable option that offers greater patient comfort and less pain, among other advantages. They are placed using the Seldinger surgical technique at the foot of the bed, in a simple manner, and under ultrasound guidance. The catheter enters through a peripheral vein near the elbow crease and its tip is positioned at the level of the axillary vein, facilitating the infusion of drugs with an osmolarity \<600 mOsm, pH range of 5 to 9, and blood derivatives. The success rate of the procedure is almost 100%, particularly if an expert performs the catheterization.

Midline catheters are an intermediate type of catheter between peripheral and central lines. This makes them a suitable choice for patients who are chronically hospitalized in intensive care units.

The benefits of midline catheters include a longer duration of use compared to peripheral catheters (up to 28 days), a lower incidence of procedure-related complications such as pneumothorax and infections and thrombosis compared to central lines. Moreover, they enable early removal of central lines and can be a viable option for patients with challenging vascular access, aiding in the preservation of venous reserve, which is often disregarded. These factors suggest that their use can result in decreased hospital costs. Unlike centrally inserted catheters, which require a physician's intervention for placement and removal, midline catheters can be inserted and removed by nursing professionals.
Patients who are on either metformin 2g per day or metformin extended release 2g per day. Subject will be required to fast overnight. Fasting insulin levels and plasma drug levels will be measured.
Subjects will be patch tested with 5 experimental doses of sodium tetrachloropalladate 0.011 mg/cm², 0.033 mg/cm², 0.10 mg/cm², 0.30 mg/cm² and 0.60 mg/cm², a negative control and corresponding reference allergens, 3.0% sodium tetrachloropalladate in petrolatum and 1.0% palladium chloride 1.0% in petrolatum. Patch tests will be worn for 48 hours.
A nonsurgically implanted gastrointestinal module is described. The module consists of an ellipsoidal or spherical collapsible gastric anchor, a tether device, and an intestinal payload module. The device is inserted into the stomach via a gastric intubation technique. The gastric anchor unfolds within the gastric cavity and lodges itself prior to the sphincter. The smaller intestinal module passes through the sphincter and unfolds within the confines of the intestine. The intestinal module is held in place via a tether which binds the gastric anchor to the intestinal payload module. The intestinal module may contain slow release medicaments, bound enzymes, cofactors, buffers, microorganisms and the like. Thus biochemical processes of the intestine may be modified, and these in turn may affect other body compartments. The gastrointestinal module may be removed with a retrieval hook via a gastric intubation technique.
In microglia, changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) may regulate process motility, inflammasome activation, and phagocytosis. However, while neurons and astrocytes exhibit frequent spontaneous Ca2+ activity, microglial Ca2+ signals are much rarer and poorly understood. Here, we studied [Ca2+]i changes of microglia in acute brain slices using Fluo-4-loaded cells and mice expressing GCaMP5g in microglia. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients occurred ~ 5 times more frequently in individual microglial processes than in their somata. We assessed whether microglial Ca2+ responses change in Alzheimer's disease (AD) using AppNL-G-F knock-in mice. Proximity to Aβ plaques strongly affected microglial Ca2+ activity. Although spontaneous Ca2+ transients were unaffected in microglial processes, they were fivefold more frequent in microglial somata near Aβ plaques than in wild-type microglia. Microglia away from Aβ plaques in AD mice showed intermediate properties for morphology and Ca2+ responses, partly resembling those of wild-type microglia. By contrast, somatic Ca2+ responses evoked by tissue damage were less intense in microglia near Aβ plaques than in wild-type microglia, suggesting different mechanisms underlying spontaneous vs. damage-evoked Ca2+ signals. Finally, as similar processes occur in neurodegeneration and old age, we studied whether ageing affected microglial [Ca2+]i. Somatic damage-evoked Ca2+ responses were greatly reduced in microglia from old mice, as in the AD mice. In contrast to AD, however, old age did not alter the occurrence of spontaneous Ca2+ signals in microglial somata but reduced the rate of events in processes. Thus, we demonstrate distinct compartmentalised Ca2+ activity in microglia from healthy, aged and AD-like brains.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been found to be associated with certain peripheral organ injuries; however, a few studies have explored the chronological influences of TBI on multiple organs and the systemic effects of therapeutic interventions. Particularly, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a potential therapeutic target for TBI; however, its effects on peripheral organs remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether severe TBI can lead to multiple organ injury and how HMGB1 inhibition affects peripheral organs. This study used a weight drop-induced TBI mouse model and found that severe TBI can trigger short-lived systemic inflammation, in the lungs and liver, but not in the kidneys, regardless of the severity of the injury. TBI led to an increase in circulating HMGB1 and enhanced gene expressions of its receptors in every organ. Anti-HMGB1 antibody treatment reduced neuroinflammation but increased inflammation in peripheral organs. This study also found that HMGB1 inhibition appears to have a beneficial role in early neuroinflammation but could lead to detrimental effects on peripheral organs through decreased peripheral immune suppression. This study provides novel insights into the chronological changes in multiple organs due to TBI and the unique roles of HMGB1 between the brain and other organs.
An imaging agent suitable for in vivo X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is represented by the formula XMOn. X represents an alkali metal. M represents a metal, namely, Zirconium, Niobium, Molybdenum, Ruthenium, or Rhodium. On represents a whole number n of Oxygen atoms. Methods for XRF imaging include administering the imaging agent to a subject orally, by injection, or intravenously. A radiation beam projected onto the subject causes emission of X-rays from the imaging agent administered to the subject. The X-rays emitted from the imaging agent are detected by a semiconductor X-ray detector to form an image. The imaging agent comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of LiZrOn, LiNbOn, LiMoOn, LiRuOn, LiRhOn, NaZrOn, NaNbOn, NaMoOn, NaRuOn, NaRhOn, KZrOn, KNbOn, KMoOn, KRuOn, KRhOn, RbZrOn, RbNbOn, RbMoOn, RbRuOn, RbRhOn, CsZrOn, CsNbOn, CsMoOn, CsRuOn, CsRhOn, FrZrOn, FrNbOn, FrMoOn, FrRuOn, and FrRhOn.
BACKGROUND: Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides protect against obesity and NAFLD. However, the potential effects of PS rhizome aqueous extracts (PSRwe) on adiposity and hepatic lipid accumulation remains unexplored.
PURPOSE: Elucidating the impact and underlying mechanism of PSRwe on HFD-induced obesity and liver fat depostition.
STUDY DESIGN: 56 male mice, aged eight weeks, were divided into seven groups: Positive, four doses of PSRwe, Model, and Control. HFD was fed for eight weeks, followed by alternate-day gavage of orlistat and PSRwe for an additional eight-week period. Integrative analysis encompassing multiomics, physiological and histopathological, and biochemical indexes was employed.
METHODS: Body weight (BW); liver, fat and Lee's indexes; TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, AST, ALT, FFA, leptin, and adiponectin in the liver and blood; TNFα, IL-6, and LPS in the colon, plasma, and liver; H&E, PAS and oil red O staining on adipose and liver samples were examined. OGTT and ITT were conducted The gut microbiome, microbial metabolome, colonic and liver transcriptome, plasma and liver metabolites were investigated.
RESULTS: PSRwe at the dosage of 7.5 mg/kg demonstrated significant and consistent reduction in BW and hepatic fat deposition than orlistat. PSRwe significantly decreased TC, TG, LDL-C, LEP, FFA levels in blood and liver. PSRwe significantly enhanced the relative abundance of probiotics including Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Lactobacillus reuteri, and metabolic pathways including glycolysis and fatty acids β-oxidation. The 70 up-regulated microbial metabolites in PSRwe-treated mice mainly involved in nucleotides and amino acids metabolism, while 40 decreased metabolites primarily associated with lipid metabolism. The up-regulated colonic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) participate in JAK-STAT/PI3K-Akt/FoxO signaling pathway, serotonergic/cholinergic/glutamatergic synapses, while the down-regulated DEGs predominantly focused on fat absorption and transport. The up-regulated liver DEGs mainly concentrated on fatty acid oxidation and metabolism. Liver metabolisms revealed 131 differential metabolites, among which carnitine and oxidized lipids significantly increased in PSRwe-treated mice. In plasma, the 58 up-regulated metabolites mainly participate in co-factors/vitamins metabolism while 154 down-regulated ones in fatty acids biosynthesis. Comprehensive multiomics association analysis revealed significant associations between gut microbiota and colonic/liver gene expression, and suggested exogenous and endogenous betaine may be active compound in alleviating HFD-induced symptoms.
CONCLUSION: PSRwe effectively mitigate HFD-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis by increasing beneficial bacteria, reducing colonic fat digestion/absorption, increasing hepatic lipid metabolism, and elevating betaine levels.
FIELD: organic chemistry, peptides. SUBSTANCE: invention describes novel cyclic azapeptides of the general formula (I): cyclo-(aArg-aGly-aAsp-aX-aY) where aArg means Arg; aGly means azaGly; aAsp means Asp; aX means amino acid residue taken among the group including Lys and Phe; aY means amino acid residue taken among the group Val, Gly, Ala, Leu; in the case of optically active amino acid residues and amino acid derivatives then this term involves both L- and D-forms and also salts of indicated compounds. Invention relates to a method of synthesis of end compounds of the formula (I) by cyclization of the corresponding linear peptide and the following conversion of synthesized product to one of its salts and a pharmaceutical composition showing ability to inhibit the interaction of integrin receptors with ligands and comprising at least one compound of the formula (I) as an active component. The described compounds show a higher ability to inhibit the interaction of integrin receptors with ligands as compared with corresponding compounds no containing azaleino acids. EFFECT: valuable pharmacological properties. 5 cl, 1 tbl, 1 ex
NEW MATERIAL:A compound expressed by formula I [R1 and R2 are H, OR' (R' is H, 1-4C alkanoyl), etc.; R3 and R4 are H or methyl or together may represent methylene; formula II together represents formula III (Z is H or halogen), etc.; X is C=O, etc.; Y is COOH, etc.]. USE:An analgesic agent. PREPARATION:For example, UCY1003 expressed by formula IV is dissolved in methylene chloride, etc., and pyridinium chloroformate reagent is added. The resultant reaction solution is stirred at ambient temperature for 2hr and distributed with ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate to wash and dehydrate the ethyl acetate layer. The solvent is then distilled away under reduced pressure. The residual colorless powder is subsequently purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the aimed compound expressed by formula I.