anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect of paclitaxel, affecting 30-50% of patients. Increased survival and concern with patients' quality of life have encouraged the search for new tools to prevent paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. This study presents the glitazone 4-[(Z)-(2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl]-N-phenylbenzene-sulfonamide (TZD-A1) as a partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), its toxicological profile and effects on paclitaxel-induced CIPN in mice.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Interactions of TZD-A1 with PPARγ were analysed using in silico docking and in vitro reporter gene assays. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity were evaluated using in silico, in vitro and in vivo (C57Bl/6 mice) analyses. Effects of TZD-A1 on CIPN were investigated in paclitaxel-injected mice. Axonal and dorsal root ganglion damage, mitochondrial complex activity and cytokine levels, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and PPARγ, were also measured.
KEY RESULTS: Docking analysis predicted TZD-A1 interactions with PPARγ compatible with partial agonism, which were corroborated by in vitro reporter gene assays. Good oral bioavailability and safety profile of TZD-A1 were shown in silico, in vitro and in vivo. Paclitaxel-injected mice, concomitantly treated with TZD-A1 by i.p. or oral administration, exhibited decreased mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, effects apparently mediated by inhibition of neuroinflammation and mitochondrial damage, through increasing Nrf2 and PPARγ levels, and up-regulating BDNF.
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: TZD-A1, a partial agonist of PPARγ, provided neuroprotection and reduced hypersensitivity induced by paclitaxel. Allied to its safety profile and good bioavailability, TZD-A1 is a promising drug candidate to prevent and treat CIPN in cancer patients.
OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to explore the involvement of cervical discopathy in the development of non-cyclic mastalgia by employing cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 407 patients were included in the study. Individualized management plans were developed for each patient. Pathological findings in MRI results were assessed by specialists in physical therapy and neurosurgery, and appropriate treatment was administered. Visual assessments of patients were conducted. The Analog Scale (VAS) scoring system was used at the initial presentation, and patients were evaluated at 1 and 3 months following the treatment.
RESULTS: In the MRI examinations of the patients included in the study, simultaneous cervical disc protrusion was observed in 29% (n: 124) of those with annular bulging. Comparing the VAS scores of patients before treatment, at the 1st and at the 3rd month showed a significant decrease in mastalgia pain (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of cervical discopathy holds significant importance in the treatment of mastalgia patients. Therefore, clinicians should keep the cervical spine in mind as a potential contributing factor to mastalgia.
BACKGROUND: Medial vascular calcification is commonly identified in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and seriously affects the health and life quality of patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) on vascular calcification induced by CKD.
METHODS: A mice model of CKD was established with a two-step diet containing high levels of calcium and phosphorus. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were subjected to β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) treatment to induce the osteogenic differentiation as an in vitro CKD model.
RESULTS: PRMT3 was upregulated in VSMCs of medial artery of CKD mice and β-GP-induced VSMCs. The inhibitor of PRMT3 (SGC707) alleviated the vascular calcification and inhibited the glycolysis of CKD mice. Knockdown of PRMT3 alleviated the β-GP-induced osteogenic transfomation of VSMCs by the repression of glycolysis. Next, PRMT3 interacted with hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF-1α), and the knockdown of PRMT3 downregulated the protein expression of HIF-1α by weakening its methylation. Gain of HIF-1α reversed the PRMT3 depletion-induced suppression of osteogenic differentiation and glycolysis of VSMCs.
CONCLUSION: The inhibitory role of PRMT3 depletion was at least mediated by the regulation of glycolysis upon repressing the methylation of HIF-1α.
INTRODUCTION: Opioids are commonly added to local anaesthetic for subarachnoid block for caesarean section due to their synergistic effects. The physiochemical characteristics of opioids suggest premixing with hyperbaric bupivacaine may limit their distribution within the CSF. We studied the effect of a separate injection with a combination of bupivacaine, morphine and fentanyl on block characteristics, haemodynamic changes, postoperative pain and patient satisfaction.
METHOD: Following ethical approval and informed consent, a prospective double-blinded randomised controlled trial was performed in a university hospital. A total of 126 patients undergoing caesarean section were randomised to two groups. In group M, the premixed group, patients received 12 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine, 20 mcg of fentanyl and 100 mcg of morphine injected as a single mixture. In group S, the separate injection group, patients received the same drugs in separate injections. Measurements included haemodynamics, block distribution, intra- and postoperative pain, as well as patient satisfaction.
RESULTS: Patients in both groups had similar block height, time to maximum sensory block, time to block regression and motor block. However, haemodynamics were different between the groups. The proportion of systolic hypotension episodes was greater in group S [159/1320 (12.05%)] than group M [113/1452 (7.78%)], with P = 0.0002. Moreover, a greater amount of ephedrine was administered in group S than group M, with values 12.09 (8.1) and 9.09 (8.5) mg respectively (P = 0.001). Additionally, postoperative pain, as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), was greater in group M, with a VAS of 4.6 (1.7), vs. group S, which recorded a VAS of 3.8 (2.0) (P = 0.017).
CONCLUSION: Sequential injection of intrathecal opioids and hyperbaric bupivacaine resulted in greater early haemodynamic instability and slightly better postoperative analgesia without any difference in block height or patient satisfaction.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04403724.
BACKGROUND: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as a predictor of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) response in asthma has been established. However, the same has not been established in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). An optimal value of FeNO for prescribing and monitoring ICS response has not been quantified.
AIM: To examine the evidence for this association.
METHOD: A systematic review was conducted of randomised controlled trials and observational studies examining the association between FeNO level and response to ICS in COPD patients. All studies examining this association were included. Five databases were searched thoroughly. Systematic screening, full-text reviews, and data extraction were carried out based on eligibility criteria.
RESULTS: A total of 8690 studies were identified, 342 texts were screened fully, and six studies were included for the final review. One was a randomised controlled trial and the other five were non-randomised interventional trials. One study was conducted in asthma-COPD overlap (ACO patients). After ICS use, three studies found statistically significant correlations between FeNO and lung function improvement (FEV1), and three studies also found significant correlations between FeNO and COPD quality-of-life scores.
CONCLUSION: Measurement of FeNO is non-invasive and standardised, with results available at the point of testing. Because of the small sample size and short duration of studies, exacerbation frequencies were not measured. Despite this, the review suggests that FeNO may be a potential biomarker for assessing ICS response in COPD. Further research that stratifies patients by FeNO levels and assesses the impact on acute exacerbations is needed to understand its potential value in routine clinical practice.
This is a single-arm, nonrandomized, open-label, multicenter trial designed to enroll a total of approximately 200 pediatric subjects with moderate to severe chronic pain due to malignant or nonmalignant disease. Subjects must have received opioids continuously for a minimum of 7 days prior to enrollment with a projected need for continuous opioids for at least the length of the primary treatment period. Subjects must also have received the equivalent of at least 30 mg of oral morphine on the day prior to enrollment. Subjects were enrolled into 3 age cohorts including 2 to \<6 years, 6 to \<12 years, and 12 to \<16 years. The study consisted of a 15-day primary treatment period. After the 15-day primary treatment period, subjects may, at the investigator's discretion, continue long-term treatment with Duragesic® as long as medically appropriate. The objective of this study is to provide an evaluation of the safety of Duragesic® in pediatric subjects who require treatment with a potent opioid for the management of chronic pain. On Day 1, subjects are converted from oral or parenteral opioids to Duragesic® by calculating the previous 24-hour opioid analgesic requirement. This amount is then converted to the equi-analgesic oral morphine dose, and then used to determine the corresponding Duragesic® dose. Short-acting oral or parenteral opioids are used as rescue medication at any time during the study to treat breakthrough pain (pain not adequately controlled by Duragesic®). Following initiation of Duragesic® treatment using the recommended dose, subjects are titrated upwards (no more frequently than every 3 days after the initial dose) until analgesic effectiveness is attained. Titration is based on supplemental opioid consumption, such that the dose of Duragesic® is increased by 12.5 micrograms/hour for every 45 mg of oral morphine consumed on the 2nd or 3rd days following the last patch change, up to a maximum increase of 25 micrograms/hour at any one time. The primary endpoint of this trial is the determination of the safety profile of Duragesic® in the defined target population. Safety is assessed by monitoring adverse events, vital sign measurements, and through physical examination. In addition, respiratory rate and level of sedation are closely monitored during the first 72 hours. The assessment of clinical utility includes the parent's global assessment of pain control on Days 1 and 16, the pain level assessed by the parent and the patient twice daily, once in the morning and in the evening (or assessed by the parent only if the patient is younger than age 6), the pain level at the time rescue medication is given and one hour afterwards, the child's play performance, and a quality-of-life child health questionnaire (CHQ) used to measure the physical, psychosocial functioning and well being of children 5 years of age. During the primary treatment period, serum fentanyl concentrations are also measured. Sparse pharmacokinetic sampling is incorporated into the trial design to facilitate population pharmacokinetic analysis.
BACKGROUND: In developing nations, myocardial infarction (MI) remains a significant contributor to deaths from sudden cardiac arrest, with diet playing a key role in its incidence through oxidative stress mechanisms. Although the connection between the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) and cardiovascular diseases has been demonstrated in some studies, the relationship between DAI and MI has not been extensively explored. Therefore, this research aims to investigate this association.
METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study involving 156 MI cases and 312 healthy controls, utilizing data from the Fasa Adults Cohort Study (FACS), a population-based study of individuals aged 35-70 residing in Fasa, Iran, with 11,097 participants included at baseline. The DAI was determined by normalizing the intake values of six dietary vitamins and minerals, adjusting by subtracting the global mean, and then dividing by the global standard deviation. MI diagnosis was established by an experienced cardiologist using electronic medical records. Conditional logistic regression was employed to examine the association between DAI and MI.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the case and control groups in terms of age (P = 0.96), gender distribution (P = 0.98), and education level (P = 0.38). In a multiple conditional logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for key variables-including body mass index (BMI), smoking status, education level, and serum levels of triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood sugar (FBS), saturated fatty acids (SFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-an inverse association was found between DAI and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) [adjusted Odds Ratio (Adj OR) = 0.88, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.85-0.92; P < 0.001].
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the crucial role of the DAI in reducing the risk of myocardial infarction. Promoting diets rich in antioxidants presents a straightforward and effective strategy for MI prevention and the promotion of cardiovascular health, underscoring the novelty and significance of this research in dietary approaches to disease prevention.
PURPOSE: A composition for treating inflammatory diseases containing Sparassis crispa extract is provided. CONSTITUTION: A Sparassis crispa extract is cultivated by inoculating spawn of Sparassis crispa to Cryptomeria japonica. The Sparassis crispa contains 50.6% of GC content at ITS site of nucleic acid ribosome DNA. The extract is isolated using water, distilled water, ethanol, or their mixture solvent. The sequence of ITS site comprises a sequence of sequence number 1. The extract isolated by water has anti-oxidative activity. The anti-oxidative activity is activity of suppressing NO generation and inflammatory cytokine such as TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 beta.
This study will include female patients 65 years and older from the Urogynecology Units at Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH) and Baycrest. It will be a 12 week prospective, randomized double-blind trial comparing treatment of nocturia using Fesoterodine and Desmopressin. Patients who agree to participate in the study will receive a starting dose of either Fesoterodine 4mg tablet at bedtime or Desmopressin 0.1mg tablet at bedtime. After 4 weeks, if patients have had minimal improvement in their symptoms and are not significantly affected by side effects, patients will have the option of increasing the dose of their medication to 8mg of Fesoterodine or 0.2mg of Desmopressin. This decision will be made by the patient and physician together.

Patients will undergo block randomization by pharmacy. All patients and investigators will be blinded to the treatment group. Patients will be followed for 12 weeks, with visits at 4 and 12 weeks. Patients will also have urine cultures and uroflowmetry with measurement of post-void residuals at these visits, as per clinic standard of care. Venipuncture to monitor electrolyte levels will be done at baseline, 1 week after randomization and then monthly until the end of the study. If patients choose to increase their dose at the 4 week visit, electrolyte levels will be repeated one week after the dose adjustment and then monthly until the end of the study. The last follow up is at 12 weeks, when a 3 day voiding diary and the NNES-Q will be collected.
Patients in the experimental group will receive a loading dose of IV tranexamic acid (TXA) at a concentration of 1g/10ml over a period of 10 minutes, administered immediately following anesthesia induction. Postoperative care will be standard and based on established UCSF guidelines.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the use of endovascular gastrointestinal stapling devices to perform intestinal functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis in small dogs and cats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of dogs (≤10 kg) and cats that underwent intestinal resection and functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis with an endovascular gastrointestinal anastomosis (endovascular-GIA) stapling device at five small animal referral centres between April 2014 and September 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Data including clinical findings, surgical technique, histopathology and complications were collected. A minimum follow-up of 10 days was required. Patients with follow-up of less than 10 days were included if they developed a major complication. Outcome was obtained from assessing the clinical records and contacting the referring veterinarians or owners. Estimated survival was generated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences between survival curves were tested by log-rank test.
RESULTS: Twenty-five patients (10 dogs and 15 cats) were included. The median bodyweight was 4.6 kg (range 2.6 to 10 kg). Nine patients were diagnosed with intestinal neoplasia, 16 with non-neoplastic intestinal disease. The median follow-up was 126 days (range 18 to 896 days). Five patients developed minor postoperative complications, including three superficial surgical site infections. No major postoperative complications were reported. Eighteen patients were alive at the end of the study, one patient was lost to follow-up. Kaplan-Meier estimated median survival time was not reached. Survival was significantly longer for patients with non-neoplastic versus neoplastic intestinal.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The study suggests that the use of endovascular gastrointestinal anastomosis staplers is safe and effective to perform intestinal functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis in dogs ≤10 kg and cats.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a percutaneous absorption-type preparation by which even a water-soluble oligomer solution or a macromolecular solution can easily and continuously be absorbed percutaneously by a simple structure, and to provide a method of percutaneous absorption of a medicine by using the preparation.  <P>SOLUTION: The percutaneous absorption type preparation comprises a medicine-retaining part having a medicine-holding part for folding the medicine in the inside, and a supporting part comprising an adhesive layer for supporting the medicine-retaining part, and a medicine-impermeable base material. The method of percutaneous absorption uses the preparation. The medicine-retaining part has a pressurizing means for pressurizing the medicine-holding part. The medicine is released at a constant rate by breaking the medicine-impermeable base material in the supporting part by mechanical impulse from outside.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Oral dexamethasone (20 mg) at home, 12 hours prior to paclitaxel infusion. On the day of treatment at the clinic, an additional intravenous administration of dexamethasone 20 mg, along with an intravenous administration of diphenhydramine 50 mg and famotidine 20 mg, administered 30 minutes prior to paclitaxel infusion.
A method of controlling, in a warm-blooded animal, an infectious microorganism expressing a chorionic gonadotropin-like growth-regulating protein comprises modulating the activity of the protein by administering to the warm-blooded animal an effective amount of an antibody capable of inhibiting the activity of the protein, the chorionic gonadotropin-like growth-regulating protein itself such that the animal develops a neutralizing immune response, or peptides that block the receptors of the chorionic gonadotropin-like growth-regulating protein in the infectious microorganism. Candida albicans is one such microorganism that can be controlled by delivering an antibody against the growth-regulating protein, CaCGLP. Mycobacteria can also be controlled by this method. A method of inhibiting transition of Candida albicans blastospores in vitro by contacting the blastospores with an antibody against CaCGLP is also disclosed. A method of inhibiting growth of mycobacteria in vitro comprises contacting the mycobacteria with an antibody against an endogenous chorionic gonadotropin-like growth-regulating protein. In vitro growth of microorganisms can also be stimulated by contacting the microorganism with a chorionic gonadotropin-like growth-regulating protein.
PURPOSE: A complex herbal medication extract composed of a Hedera helix leaf and a barberry root is provied to utilize as a medicinal composition for prevention and treatmentof an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus by checking survival rate when injected together with an anti-virus agent. CONSTITUTION: A medicinal composition for prevention and treatment of an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus contains a complex herbal extract with a complex herb medication composed of a Hedera helix leaf and a barberry root as an active component. a complex medicinal extract is a compound in which a dried weight ratio (w/w) of the Hedera helix leaf extract and the barberry root in 1-10:1 are mixed in a mixing ratio. The Hedera helix extract is a crude extract, a polar solvent extract, or a non-polar solvent soluble extract. The barberry extract is water, a low quality alcolhol with carbon number ranged from 1-4 such as methanol, butanol, an extract which is useful in a selected solvent from a mixed solvent or a bubbled butanolo extract. The medicinal composition for prevention and treatment of an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus contains the combination of the complex herbal medication extract composed of the Hedera helix leaf and the barberry root and an anti virus agent. [Reference numerals] (AA) Survival rate (%); (BB) Time (day) after infection; (CC) Ivy leaf; (DD) Ivy leaf + coptis
The present invention provides a quick-acting contrast medium for cholecystography and cholangiography and a manufacturing technique thereof. The present invention adopts a prescription of a method for clearing away heat, promoting diuresis and dredging channels in Chinese medicine, and extracts the active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine by the modern means to make oral medicinal liquid. The present invention is suitable for the display and the functional check of ultra sound B cholecystography and cholangiography, and the function test of X-ray cholecystography. The manufacturing technique comprises that a decocting method is used for extracting contained active ingredients, a distilling method is used for extracting volatility active ingredients, and an adsorption method is used for generating adsorption capacity. The decoction liquid is concentrated, precipitated by ethanol and filtered, a pH value is regulated, and then, the decoction liquid is merged with distillation liquid, and is added with water to sufficient quantity. Then, the liquid is filled and sealed in a bottle of 100 ml, and the present invention is obtained after sterilization. The contrast medium has the advantages of clear display, high display rate, accurate functional examination, high diagnose rate, no pain on a tested person, no wound, nontoxicity and simple and practical use method.