anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
TH-302 is designed to target the hypoxic regions of tumors which are generally located distant from tumor vessels. Pemetrexed has poor tissue penetration and targets the regions of tumors that are located in proximity to the tumor vessels. The presence of hypoxia in solid tumors is associated with a more malignant phenotype and resistance to chemotherapy. The hypoxia-activated prodrug, TH-302, is designed to selectively target the hypoxic microenvironment. There is evidence supporting the presence of hypoxia in NSCLC lesions based on a hypoxia PET study. Combining pemetrexed with TH-302 may enable the targeting of both the normoxic and hypoxic regions of NSCLC lesions.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by chronic and progressive symptoms; it is more prevalent in men than in women. The sex-specific influence of the intestinal microbiota has been associated with some neurodegenerative diseases, but the relationship with PD is currently unclear. In this study, we treated mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to establish a PD mouse model, and we utilised an antibiotic cocktail (Abx) to deplete the intestinal microbiota to evaluate the influence of the intestinal microbiota on male and female PD mice. MPTP treatment obviously caused bradykinesia and low mobility in female and male mice. Meanwhile, Abx treatment exerted a greater effect on male mice than female mice. Western blotting and immunofluorescence revealed that male mice treated with MPTP had higher expression of α-synuclein and proteins related to neuroinflammation and intestinal inflammation based on activation of glial cells and the TLR4-MyD88 signalling pathway. The sex-specific differences could be due to the different composition of the intestinal microbiota. Specifically, female mice had significantly higher abundance of Allobaculum, Turicibacter and Ruminococcus than male mice. Moreover, the abundance of the probiotic genus Bifidobacterium showed opposite trends in male and female mice. Our results indicate that the intestinal microbiota has an important effect on PD mice, especially male mice, by influencing neuroinflammation through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In the future, there should be a focus on providing more reliable evidence for the pathogenesis and precise treatment of PD.
Pregnancy Category C

Developmental toxicity studies with brinzolamide in rabbits at oral doses of 1, 3, and 6 mg/kg/day (20, 62, and 125 times the recommended human ophthalmic dose) produced maternal toxicity at 6 mg/kg/day and a significant increase in the number of fetal variations, such as accessory skull bones, which was only slightly higher than the historic value at 1 and 6 mg/kg. In rats, statistically decreased body weights of fetuses from dams receiving oral doses of 18 mg/kg/day (375 times the recommended human ophthalmic dose) during gestation were proportional to the reduced maternal weight gain, with no statistically significant effects on organ or tissue development. Increases in unossified sternebrae, reduced ossification of the skull, and unossified hyoid that occurred at 6 and 18 mg/kg were not statistically significant. No treatment-related malformations were seen. Following oral administration of 14C-brinzolamide to pregnant rats, radioactivity was found to cross the placenta and was present in the fetal tissues and blood. 

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Brinzolamide ophthalmic suspension 1% should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
The invention provides a medical Internet of things message routing device and method based on visual convenient flow calculation. The message routing device comprises a process factory, a process center, a process engine and a process configuration module. The process plant is used to store standardized professional nodes. The flow center is used for storing the configured message routing flow. The flow engine decomposes all message routing flows of the flow center into nodes and connecting lines, and processes and sends the received data according to the configured message routing flows in the flow center after the data to be processed is transmitted to the message routing device. The invention solves the technical blank of the medical Internet of things field in the prior art, supports transverse expansion, can expand nodes by self-definition, and endows the nodes with corresponding functions.
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compressive neuropathy in the upper extremity. While carpal tunnel release (CTR), both open (OCTR) and endoscopic (ECTR), is safe and effective, there are questions regarding the use of postoperative dressings after surgery. With recent attention to the opioid epidemic, there have been increasing efforts to reduce narcotic usage postoperatively while still controlling expected postoperative pain. Recent authors have found that many patients, particularly older patients, do not require any opioid analgesia after CTR with 47% of men and 36% of women consuming no narcotics after CTR (CHAPMAN). Furthermore, while splints have historically been used after surgery, their need has recently been questioned (LOGLI). It is not currently known if dressing choices influence post-operative pain, function or patient satisfaction after ECTR. A less cumbersome dressing (bandaid) may allow patients to perform daily tasks with more ease after surgery.

The purpose of this investigation is to compare postoperative pain scores and patient satisfaction after ECTR for patients treated with conventional post-operative bulky soft tissue dressings versus those treated with a bandaid after surgery. The hypothesis is that patients using a bandaid after surgery will have an easier time with functional tasks after surgery and that pain scores will not significantly differ between the two groups. Furthermore, this study aims to determine if there are differences in patient satisfaction, functional outcomes, complications, and unscheduled healthcare contact between these two groups. This will be a randomized, controlled investigation.
INTRODUCTION: The use of erector spinae plane block and rectus sheath block for postoperative analgesia in midline abdominal procedures is becoming more common. However, the most effective and appropriate method remains unclear. We aimed to compare the postoperative analgesic effecacy of ultrasound-guided bilateral erector spinae plane blocks with rectus sheath blocks for midline abdominal surgery in a low- and middle-income country.
METHODS: We allocated randomly 72 patients aged 18-65 y undergoing midline abdominal surgery to an erector spinae plane block (n = 36) or a rectus sheath block (n = 36) utilising a prospective, parallel study design. Patients, care providers and outcome assessors were blinded to the interventions. The primary outcome measures were total postoperative analgesia consumption, postoperative pain severity and time to first rescue analgesic administration. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of postoperative complications and adverse events.
RESULTS: Of 78 patients assessed for eligibility, six were excluded, leaving 72 for analysis. Patients allocated to erector spinae plane block had a lower mean (SD) postoperative opioid consumption compared with those allocated to rectus sheath block (3.5 (8.7) morphine milligram equivalents vs. 8.2 (2.8) morphine milligram equivalents, respectively; p = 0.003). Time to first analgesic request was greater in patients allocated to erector spinae plane block compared with those allocated to rectus sheath block (mean (95%CI) 16 (13-17) h vs. 12 (11-13) h, respectively; p < 0.001). There were no block-related complications in either group.
DISCUSSION: Erector spinae plane blocks are more effective than rectus sheath blocks for the management of postoperative pain following midline abdominal surgery. Integration of erector spinae plane blocks into multimodal opioid-sparing analgesic strategies after midline abdominal surgeries may promote enhanced patient recovery in low-and middle-income countries.
Normal cells, such as fibroblasts or other tissue or organ cell types, are genetically engineered to express biologically active, therapeutic agents, such as proteins that are normally produced in small amounts, for example, MIS, or other members of the TGF-beta family Herceptin™, interferons, andanti-angiogenic factors. These cells are seeded into a matrix for implantation into the patient to be treated. Cells may also be engineered to include a lethal gene, so that implanted cells can be destroyed once treatment is completed. Cells can be implanted in a variety of different matrices. In a preferred embodiment, these matrices are implantable and biodegradable over a period of time equal to or less than the expected period of treatment, when cells engraft to form a functional tissue producing the desired biologically active agent. Implantation may be ectopic or in some cases orthotopic. Representative cell types include tissue specific cells, progenitor cells, and stem cells. Matrices can be formed of synthetic or natural materials, by chemical coupling at the time of implantation, using standard techniques for formation of fibrous matrices from polymeric fibers, and using micromachining or microfabrication techniques. These devices and strategies are used as delivery systems via standard or minimally invasive implantation techniques for any number of parenterally deliverable recombinant proteins, particularly those that are difficult to produce in large amounts and/or active forms using conventional methods of purification, for the treatment of a variety of conditions that produce abnormal growth, including treatment of malignant and benign neoplasias, vascular malformations (hemangiomas), inflammatory conditions, keloid formation, abdominal or plural adhesions, endometriosis, congenital or endocrine abnormalities, and other conditions that can produce abnormal growth such as infection. Efficacy of treatment with the therapeutic biologicals is detected by determining specific criteria, for example, cessation of cell proliferation, regression of abnormal tissue, or cell death, or expression of genes or proteins reflecting the above.
For the intervention group, the CytoSorb filter will be installed on the CPB machine in a parallel circuit to the body circulation. The flow through the filter will be driven by a roller pump with 200ml.min-1 .
Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets contain the biguanidine antihyperglycemic agent, metformin, in the form of monohydrochloride salt. The chemical name of metformin HCl is N, N-dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide hydrochloride with a molecular formula of C4H11N5•HCl and a molecular weight of 165.63. Its structural formula is:

Metformin HCl is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is freely soluble in water and is practically insoluble in acetone, ether, and chloroform. The pKa of metformin is 12.4. The pH of a 1% aqueous solution of metformin HCl is 6.68.

Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets deliver 500 mg or 1,000 mg of metformin HCl, which is equivalent to 389.93 mg or 779.86 mg metformin, respectively. In addition to the active ingredient metformin HCl, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, povidone, triethyl citrate, titanium dioxide, polydextrose, triacetin, macrogol/PEG.

Product Meets USP Dissolution Test 23.
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is limited in efficacy. One possible explanation for this limited efficacy is that the nicotine dose received in standard therapy is not enough to replace the amount of nicotine that smokers typically receive from their cigarettes. In an effort to counteract this problem, this study will increase the nicotine patch dose of smokers until they no longer feel the need to keep smoking or they cannot tolerate a higher nicotine dose. Smokers who cannot quit using 21 mg nicotine patch for 2 weeks will be randomized to either the experimental arm of the study where nicotine patch doses will be adjusted according to individual need or the positive control arm where standard NRT smoking cessation therapy will be employed. The primary outcome measure will be continuous abstinence during the last 4 weeks of treatment. In addition, participants will be assessed to see how treatment has impacted their resting state neural activity as well as their responsiveness to smoking and emotional cues. Follow up sessions will be used to assess long term abstinence as well as long term change in neural activation.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a globular protein powder being such fine as to selectively deliver a drug to a target site by e.g., a powder inhalation method and being uniform in particle diameter and to provide a method for producing the same.  <P>SOLUTION: While a protein solution is sprayed from a nozzle, the solution is comminuted into microparticles by the action of an air stream. Ultramicroparticles having particle diameters of 11 μm or smaller are separated and withdrawn from the microparticles. The ultramicroparticles are spray-dried in warm air or a dry atmosphere. Thus, an amorphous globular protein powder having a mean particle diameter of 11 μm or smaller and a standard deviation of particle diameters of 0.085 or smaller can be obtained. The globular protein powder is such fine as to selectively deliver a drug to the target site by e.g., a powder inhalation method and is uniform in particle diameter. Therefore, it can be selectively delivered to the target site by e.g. a powder inhalation method.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
PURPOSE: A composition containing sea algae extract for preventing or treating inflammatory diseases is provided to use in medicinal and pharmaceutical product, health functional food or functional feed. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating inflammatory diseases contains Dictyopteris divaricata extract, Scytosiphon lomentaria extract, or Ishige okamurae extract as an active ingredient. The sea algae extract is isolated using water, low alcohol of C1-C4, or their mixture solvent. The low alcohol is methanol or ethanol. The inflammatory diseases are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ventilation, fibromyalgia, psoriatic arthritis, asthma, atopy, crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. A functional health food composition for preventing or treating inflammatory diseases contains the sea algae extract as an active ingredient.
PURPOSE:To obtain an aromatase inhibitor, containing a naphthopyran derivative or salt thereof as an active ingredient, having powerful aromatase inhibitory action and effective in preventing and treating estrogen-dependent diseases, such as mammary cancer. CONSTITUTION:The objective substance obtained by containing a compound expressed by formula I [R is hydroxy, lower alkoxy or amino which may be substituted by lower alkyl; R<1> is H or lower alkyl; A is H, formula II (R<2> has the same meaning as that of R; R<3> is H or lower alkyl), etc.] or salt thereof as an active ingredient, mixing the above-mentioned active ingredient with normally used additives, diluents, etc., and preparing a formulation according to a conventional method. The afore-mentioned inhibitor can be prepared in the form of capsule, tablet, granule, syrup, powder, injection, etc. The daily dose thereof is 0.01-200mg/kg for an adult in treating mammary cancer. The compound expressed by formula I is collected by culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Penicillium.
This is a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial (RCT).

400 patients who meet the study eligibility criteria and consent for enrollment will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to intervention with apixaban or control group with placebo. The randomization will be performed by a computer generated block randomization protocol. The majority of patients will begin intervention with Apixaban or placebo at the time of cardiac device placement (n approximately 300), and at least a quarter of the randomized patients (n ≥100) will include preexisting CIED (≥6 months) in place. Each patient will undergo a baseline MRI and a comprehensive cognitive screening examination. Repeat MRI and cognitive assessment will be performed at a follow-up period of two years from date of randomization (or less if clinical stroke/TIA occurs prior to this follow-up period). All subjects will receive a phone call at 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months post-randomization to assess for endpoints and adverse events, as well as changes in clinical status, medications, and to assess study medication compliance.
The invention discloses intestinal lactobacillus endowing food components with anticancer efficacy and application thereof. The lactobacillus enteric strain for endowing the food ingredients with anticancer efficacy is preserved in the key laboratory of pharmaceutical biotechnology national of Nanjing university. The gene sequence of the 16SrDNA of the lactobacillus enteric canal strain for endowing food components with anticancer efficacy is a nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 1. The intestinal lactobacillus of the invention is taken together with I3C pure products or vegetables containing I3C, and can play a role in preventing and treating lung cancer, melanoma, leukemia and other tumors. The intestinal lactobacillus can be planted in the digestive tract of mammals, maintains a low pH microenvironment, and can promote the conversion of I3C in food into DIM and LTr1 with better antitumor activity, thereby endowing or obviously improving the anticancer effect of oral I3C.
SARS-CoV-2-induced excessive inflammation in brain leads to damage of blood-brain barrier, hypoxic-ischemic injury, and neuron degeneration. The production of inflammatory cytokines by brain microvascular endothelial cells and microglia is reported to be critically associated with the brain pathology of COVID-19 patients. However, the cellular mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2-inducing activation of brain cells and the subsequent neuroinflammation remain to be fully delineated. Our research, along with others', has recently demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2-induced accumulation and activation of mast cells (MCs) in mouse lung could further induce inflammatory cytokines and consequent lung damages. Intracerebral MCs activation and their cross talk with other brain cells could induce neuroinflammation that play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases including virus-induced neuro-pathophysiology. In this study, we investigated the role of MC activation in SARS-CoV-2-induced neuroinflammation. We found that (1) SARS-CoV-2 infection triggered MC accumulation in the cerebrovascular region of mice; (2) spike/RBD (receptor-binding domain) protein-triggered MC activation induced inflammatory factors in human brain microvascular endothelial cells and microglia; (3) MC activation and degranulation destroyed the tight junction proteins in brain microvascular endothelial cells and induced the activation and proliferation of microglia. These findings reveal a cellular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced neuroinflammation.
The control snack will be a typical western diet snack (see Table 1). The calorie-matched control snack will be commercially available individually wrapped food products such as a small granola bar + pretzels.
The invention relates to eye drops, which comprise the following components: 5-7 parts of active calcium ion powder, 3-5 parts of parts pine bark extract, 3-5 parts of echinacea extract, 3-5 parts of acanthopanax extract, 30 to 50 parts of lavender hydrosol, 40-60 parts of chamomile hydrosol, 30-50 parts of peppermint hydrosol, and 1-3 parts of citric acid. The invention relates to pure natural organic extract eye drops and a preparation method thereof. The eye drops are prepared from pure natural components, has anti-inflammatory, wetting and eyesight-improving functions, is healthy and curing, has no side effects, protects the optic nerve and benefits to modern television users, computer users and other eye fatigue people. The eye drops have the advantages of lasting moisture, high water content and lasting eye moistening. The formula is similar to a tear formula, and the eye drops are mild, healthy and not stimulating. The eye drops have a very good alleviating effect on dry eyes and discomfort caused by contact lenses.
This study began as an efficacy study of interferon alpha-2a in patients with hairy cell leukemia. It was observed that most patients responded with interferon, but that very few complete responses were being obtained. Studies being done elsewhere confirmed the low complete remission rate. Once interferon was stopped, nearly uniform disease progression requiring reinstitution of therapy was observed. There appears to be very few if any patients who will not require further therapy after receiving 12 or 18 months of continuous interferon treatment. Because of these findings, and in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of long-term recombinant interferon-alpha (IFN-Alpha) in patients with hairy cell leukemia, we opted to administer interferon continuously to patients who were initially responsive to this drug. Of the 53 evaluable patients (of the 56 entered on this study), there was one complete remission, 41 partial remissions, 1 minor response, 9 patients with stable disease and only 1 patient with disease progression. Fourteen patients continue to receive interferon without interruption with a median duration of continuous interferon treatment of 9.2 years. Thirty-four patients discontinued interferon for a variety of reasons, the most common being the development of acquired interferon resistance in association with interferon antibodies. The resistance to interferon was manifested early, in the first 18 months of treatment, except in two cases. An important finding in this study is the continued slow, but significant, hematologic improvement in absolute granulocyte and platelet counts beyond 18 months of therapy, thereby indicating that prolonged treatment results in continued benefit rather than the production of antibodies with subsequent development of interferon resistance. Although it is clear from this study that hairy cell leukemia can be controlled in the long-term with interferon, longer follow-up will be necessary to determine if continuous therapy with interferon is better than intermittent therapy. The optimal therapy for hairy cell leukemia remains open to discussion. Although early reports suggested that 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine was curative, additional studies with longer periods of follow up suggest that as many as 30% of patients will relapse. This study provides the only instance where continuous long term treatment with interferon has been evaluated. This provides an opportunity to evaluate the long term toxicity of chronic interferon therapy, the long term efficacy of this treatment and to evaluate the potential benefits of long term interferon in preventing second malignancies, a complication noted in about 15% of patients treated in other fashions.

After their initial clinical evaluation, patients were given 3 million units of recombinant IFN-Alpha subcutaneously daily for 4 to 6 months. In responding patients, maintenance therapy was given at a dose of 3 million units subcutaneously 3 times per week. Responding patients have continued on therapy indefinitely.