anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, specifically advanced large language models like OpenAI's ChatGPT, have the potential to improve medical decision-making. Although ChatGPT-4 was not developed for its use in medical-specific applications, it has demonstrated promise in various healthcare contexts, including medical note-writing, addressing patient inquiries, and facilitating medical consultation. However, little is known about how ChatGPT augments the clinical reasoning abilities of clinicians.

Clinical reasoning is a complex process involving pattern recognition, knowledge application, and probabilistic reasoning. Integrating AI tools like ChatGPT-4 into physician workflows could potentially help reduce clinician workload and decrease the likelihood of mismanagement. However, ChatGPT-4 was not developed for clinical reasoning nor has it been validated for this purpose. Further, it may be subject to disinformation, including convincing confabulations that may mislead clinicians. If clinicians misuse this tool, it may not improve reasoning and could even cause harm. Therefore, it is important to study how clinicians use large language models to augment clinical reasoning prior to routine incorporation into patient care.

In this study, participants will be randomized to answer clinical management cases with or without access to ChatGPT-4. Each case has multiple components, and the participants will be asked to discuss their reasoning for each component. Answers will be graded by independent reviewers blinded to treatment assignment. A grading rubric was developed for each case by a panel of 4-7 expert discussants. Discussants independently developed a rubric for each case, and then any discrepancies were resolved through multiple rounds of discussions.
FIELD: medicine. ^ SUBSTANCE: present invention refers to medicine, more specifically to a method for making a preparation for transdermal nicotine introduction that enables to produce said preparation for transdermal nicotine introduction by convenient and economical way with maintaining high-precision equal nicotine concentration, that enables to produce the preparation being fixedly and softly attached due to reduced skin irritation after removal and excellent adhesiveness. The present invention refers to the preparation for transdermal nicotine introduction characterised by excellent equal nicotine concentration with fixed and soft attachment and reduced skin irritation after removal. There is described the method for making the preparation containing a substrate and a formed adhesive layer which contains nicotine and an adhesive-compatible liquid ingredient; where the method involves: (1) preparing the adhesive layer in which a nicotine wetting angle of the adhesive layer before nicotine coating makes 20-60, and (2) coating the adhesive layer with nicotine to ensure nicotine absorption in the adhesive layer; as well as to the preparation containing the substrate and the formed adhesive layer containing nicotine and the adhesive-compatible liquid ingredient in which the nicotine wetting angle of the adhesive layer before nicotine coating makes 20-60. ^ EFFECT: development of an advantageous process of the preparation for transdermal nicotine introduction. ^ 6 cl, 7 tbl, 14 ex, 4 dwg
BACKGROUND: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a crucial role in the early diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. Identification of a more suitable sample source could be a breakthrough towards enhancing CTC detectability in early-stage lung cancer. We investigated the differences in detectable CTCs between peripheral arterial and venous blood in early- and mid-stage lung cancer patients undergoing surgery and analyzed the association between clinicopathological factors and detectable CTCs in peripheral arterial and venous blood.
METHODS: Peripheral arterial and venous blood was collected in 5-mL samples from 56 patients with surgically resected and pathologically clear at early- or mid-stage lung cancer. Blood specimens were enriched for CTCs based on isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells. The CTCs were identified using Swiss Giemsa staining and immunohistochemistry for CD45/CD31.
RESULTS: In stage I lung cancer, CTC-positive rate was significantly higher in peripheral arterial than in venous blood (45.45% vs. 17.39%). There was no significant difference in the number of detectable CTCs between peripheral arterial and venous blood. A low degree of differentiation was associated with a high positive rate of CTCs in peripheral venous blood. The number of circulating tumor microemboli was significantly higher in patients with tumor size >3 cm compared with ≤3 cm.
CONCLUSION: CTC levels in peripheral arterial and venous blood differed little in lung cancer patients.Compared to peripheral venous blood, peripheral arterial blood had a higher CTC positivity rate in early-stage lung cancer.This study was favorable for early detection and monitoring of lung cancer.
This is a single center, randomized, open-label, placebo controlled, parallel group study. The study treatment period is approximately 6 months and observation period is approximately 7 months. There are three parallel treatment groups: in-person nutritional counseling, nutritional counseling using an e-Health App, and standard care. Subjects will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio using a computer-generated randomization scheme. Subjects in the two intervention arms will be given caloric recommendations designed to cause weight stability or modest weight gain, depending on their current BMI and weight loss history. All participants in the intervention arms will receive counseling either in-person or remotely through the App by registered dietitians (RD) working in the Bionutrition department of the Clinical Research Center at MGH. At MGH, approximately 150 ALS subjects (50 per treatment group) will be enrolled. Approximately 75-150 PD and HD subjects will enroll.
NEW MATERIAL:The compound of formulaI(R is 8-24C and R' is 1-24C saturated or unsaturated straight or branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group). USE:Cosmetic. It has also pharmaceutical activities such as hematocyte-production promoting effect to the marrow, antiphlogistic activity, antitumor activity, etc. PROCESS:The compound of formulaIis prepared by (1) reacting the glycidyl ether of formula V with the protected glycerin of formula VI in the presence of a basic catalyst or an acidic catalyst at 90-120 deg.C, (2) etherifying the resultant compound of formula II with an etherifying agent (e.g. alkyl bromide) in the presence of an alkaline substance (e.g. NaOH) and preferably a catalytic amount of quaternary onium salt (preferably quaternary ammonium salt) to obtain the compound of formula IV, and (3) hydrolyzing the product by heating in water in the presence of 0.05-1.0N acid catalyst (e.g. sulfuric acid).
The invention relates to a novel tumor-related transcription factor ZSCAN16 and an effect thereof in tumor inhibition, belonging to the technical field of biological medicines. The ZSCAN16 gene is used as a bladder cancer treatment target. The invention has the following advantages: the invention discloses that ZSCAN16 may play an important biological role in the process of bladder cancer development and is closely related to the development of tumors. The results of the invention show that ZSCAN16 is a key novel oncogene for the occurrence and development of bladder cancer. In vitro experimental results show that silencing of ZSCAN16 inhibited proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of T24 cells. The ZSCAN16 can be used as a research target for bladder cancer regulation, can be used as a marker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis evaluation, and can be used as a target for developing a tumor-inhibiting medicament.
Four cohorts are enrolled in this study. The target population is the cohort of genetically confirmed DMD/BMD female carriers (Cohort A). This cohort will consist of 150 DMD/BMD mothers who are somatic carriers of a mutation in the DMD gene. The data collected for this cohort will be compared to three control groups; Control Group B is a cohort of 50 DMD/BMD mothers who are NOT somatic carriers, Control Group C is a cohort of 50 age-matched healthy controls and Control Group D is a cohort of 25 genetically confirmed carriers who do not have an affected child. The inclusion of a Control Group B allows for a comparison to a group of mothers that share the emotional and cognitive burden of caring for an affected male without having the physical or cognitive risks of being a female carrier. The Control Group C offers robust data from an age-matched healthy cohort for purposes of comparison. Control Group D allows for comparison to a group of women that have the same physical or cognitive risks as the Cohort A female carriers, but do not have the same burden of care giving.
Stroke accounts for one of the top leading reasons for neurological mortality and morbidity around the globe. Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes lead to local hypoxia and are brought about by the occlusion or rupturing of the blood vessels. The events taking place after the onset of a stroke include membrane ion pump failure, calcium and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, increased ROS production causing DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, development of brain edema, and microvascular dysfunction. To date, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) therapy and mechanical removal of blood clots are the only clinically available stroke therapies, approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). But because of the narrow therapeutic window of around 4.5 h for tPA therapy and complications like systemic bleeding and anaphylaxis, more clinical trials are ongoing in the same field. Therefore, using nanocarriers with diverse physicochemical properties is a promising strategy in treating and diagnosing stroke as they can efficiently bypass the tight blood-brain barrier (BBB) through mechanisms like receptor-mediated transcytosis and help achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery. In this review, we will mainly focus on the pathophysiology of stroke, BBB alterations following stroke, strategies to target BBB for stroke therapies, different types of nanocarriers currently being used for therapeutic intervention of stroke, and biomarkers as well as imaging techniques used for the detection and diagnosis of stroke.
Women randomized to the parenting control arm will also attend 3 prenatal sessions and 2 postpartum sessions with a peer facilitator. The educational sessions will be focused on parenting and baby care.
Collagen VI is an essential component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composed by α1, α2 and α3 chains and encoded by COL6A1, COL6A2 and COL6A3 genes. Dominant negative pathogenic variants in COL6A genes result in defects in collagen VI protein and are implicated in the pathogenesis of muscular diseases, including Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD). Here, we designed a CRISPR genome editing strategy to tackle a dominant heterozygous deletion c.824_838del in exon 9 of the COL6A1 gene, causing a lack of secreted collagen VI in a patient's dermal fibroblasts. The evaluation of efficiency and specificity of gene editing in treating patient's fibroblasts revealed the 32% efficiency of editing the mutated allele but negligible editing of the wild-type allele. CRISPR-treated UCMD skin fibroblasts rescued the secretion of collagen VI in the ECM, which restored the ultrastructure of the collagen VI microfibril network. By using normal melanocytes as surrogates of muscle cells, we found that collagen VI secreted by the corrected patient's skin fibroblasts recovered the anchorage to the cell surface, pointing to a functional improvement of the protein properties. These results support the application of the CRISPR editing approach to knock out COL6A1 mutated alleles and rescue the UCMD phenotype in patient-derived fibroblasts.
There is ongoing debate on the optimal means of laser stone fragmentation, and Moses technology is the latest advancement to raise questions regarding clinical utility. Initial preclinical studies demonstrated significantly reduced stone retropulsion and higher stone ablation volume with Moses technology, leading to the conclusion that the system allows more efficient laser lithotripsy. Human studies also showed that laser lithotripsy with Moses technology utilized laser energy in less time for stone fragmentation: 10.0 (2.6-15.0) min without vs 6.0 (2.8-13.0) min with Moses technology.

Others have evaluated the cost effectiveness of Moses technology in their own cohort of 40 patients who underwent standard laser lithotripsy by comparing a 35% projected decrease in procedure time against the cost of the Moses laser fiber and machine. Mean stone size was 10.2 mm in this group of patients, and mean lasing time was 3.0 minutes. While a significant positive association was seen between stone size and laser time, cost analysis failed to show a benefit in using Moses technology across sizes.

To date, there are limited clinical data obtained through rigorous study methodology. In addition, knowledge gaps remain regarding the effect of Moses technology on other clinically meaningful outcomes such as stone-free rate. Therefore, the investigators propose a multi-center, prospective, randomized, double blind clinical trial to further assess the effect of Moses technology for lithotripsy. The investigators aim to study a broader range of outcomes which will be facilitated by being the largest study to date. The investigators also aim to study novel outcomes such as grading retropulsion and visibility by independent blinded review as well as effects of Moses technology on independently reducing surgeon burnout. Indeed, a randomized, double blind clinical trial evaluating Moses technology in 66 patients undergoing ureteroscopy was presented as a 2018 European Association of Urology abstract. While this single center study demonstrated safety and reduced fragmentation time as well as procedure time using Moses technology, it did not show a significant difference in stone-free rates. This study is also yet to be published as a manuscript.
This group will receive a prescribed amount of free fruits and vegetables (F\&V) for 6 weeks of pick-up at a farm stand or direct delivery. After 6 weekly pick-up/deliveries, participants will be provided vouchers and reminders to obtain F\&V at farm stands for an additional 6 weeks with minimal contact.
PURPOSE:To obtain a new N-acylleustroducsin useful for a blood platelet increasing agent effective for treating thrombocytopenia, etc., caused by immunopathy, etc., having increasing action on blood platelet, by hydrolyzing a 2-pyranone derivative in the presence of a hydrolase or a base. CONSTITUTION:The new N-acylleustroducsin of formula I (R is H or a group of a group A which may contain a substituent group of a group B; [the group A] an alkyl, an alkenyl, an alkynyl, an aryl, an arylalkyl, an alkyloxy, an aryloxy, etc.; [the group B] a halogeno, OH, a lower alkoxy, carbamoyl, nitro, cyano, etc.) useful for a blood platelet increasing agent, having increasing action on blood platelet, effective for treating thrombocytopenia, etc. The compound is obtained by hydrolyzing a 2-pyranone derivative of formula II (R' is an alkyl) in the presence of a hydrolase (esterase) or a base to give a compound (salt) of formula III and acylating the compound in the presence (absence) of a base. by hydrolyzing a 2-pyranone derivative in the presence of a hydrolase or a base.
* Methylxanthines (e.g., caffeine, aminophylline and theophylline) are non-specific adenosine receptor antagonists that interfere with the vasodilation activity of regadenoson [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2) and Patient Counseling Information (17)]. Patients should avoid consumption of any products containing methylxanthines as well as any drugs containing theophylline or aminophylline for at least 12 hours before regadenoson administration. Aminophylline may be used to attenuate severe or persistent adverse reactions to regadenoson [see Overdosage (10)].
  * In clinical studies, regadenoson was administered to patients taking other cardioactive drugs (i.e., β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, nitrates, cardiac glycosides, and angiotensin receptor blockers) without reported adverse reactions or apparent effects on efficacy. 
  * Dipyridamole may change the effects of regadenoson. When possible, withhold dipyridamole for at least two days prior to regadenoson administration.
A multilevel thoracic paravertebral nerve block will be performed by the anaesthesiologist prior to the induction of general anesthesia. Prior to the block, the anaesthesiologist will locate and mark each level and then, infiltrate the skin with lidocaine 2% (0.5-1 mL). Subsequently, using a Tuohy needle 22G, 5 mL of ropivacaine 0.5% will be injected at each level between T4 and T8. At the end of surgery, before skin closure, a multilevel intercostal nerve block will be performed by the surgeon using 5 mL of saline at each level between T4-T8. A PCA device will be installed upon arrival in the recovery room.
Chronic migraine (occurring 15 or more days per month) is a disabling disorder that engenders significant personal suffering and healthcare costs. Frequently, individuals with chronic migraine also suffer from symptoms of insomnia, the regulation of which has been shown to improve migraine. A variety of effective and well-validated behavioral treatments exist to reduce symptoms of insomnia but have not been widely applied to migraine patients. The goal of this study is to pilot test and compare the efficacy of 2 different behavioral (non-medication) treatments for chronic migraine, one of which addresses insomnia symptoms and one of which addresses general lifestyle changes, on headache and sleep parameters. Patients will be adults (18-65) diagnosed with chronic migraine and insomnia at the Oxford Neurology Clinic when they present for routine medical appointments. They will be maintained on usual medical care and referred to the Psychological Services Center for collection of baseline data and administration of the behavioral interventions. At baseline participants will be administered a structured interview and questionnaires pertaining to headache symptoms, sleep problems, and depression/anxiety. They will keep a daily diary of headache variables for 2 weeks and wear an actigraph on their wrist during baseline. Patients will be randomly assigned to receive either the a treatment focused on modifying general lifestyle behaviors (Lifestyle Modification; a replication of the instructions from Calhoun and Ford, 2007) or making changes to their sleep behaviors (Sleep Management) for 3 brief (20-30 min) sessions, spaced 2 weeks apart. Treatments will entail education/rationale about the intervention and a review of a set of instructions unique to each condition. Subsequent sessions will ensure compliance with the respective instructions. Daily monitoring of headache symptoms will continue throughout the trial. Participants will complete the aforementioned questionnaires at 2 posttreatment follow-up visits and wear the actigraph again for 2 week periods surrounding the 2 follow-up visits.
Adult smokers (n=25) will complete 4 visits and a 6 month follow-up phone call. Participants will complete a Delay to Smoking Task following 6 hours smoking abstinence. The task involves viewing pictures of smoking and non-smoking locations and participants will have the choice to smoke a cigarette at any time during the session. A monetary reinforcer will be provided for each 6-minute period that a participant resists smoking. Once participants stop the task they can choose to smoke as much or a little as they want for the next 30 minutes. Participants will be provided with a smoking tab. Each cigarette they light will cost them from their tab. Measurements of tobacco craving, emotion ratings, and nicotine withdrawal will be assessed.
Some HIV infected patients taking HAART have been able to achieve prolonged suppression of HIV viral load for extended periods of time. However, discontinuing HAART has consistently resulted in HIV's return to plasma. Both CD8 and CD4 cells are markedly reduced in individuals with prolonged HIV suppression; control of and response to cell-associated HIV is dependent on immune-mediated mechanisms involving these cells. It is hypothesized that a brief and low-level increase in HIV levels resulting from HAART interruption might boost HIV-specific CD8 and CD4 T-cell counts. After suppression of viral load with the reintroduction of HAART, the expanded CD8 population might be able to better control viral replication and better respond to cell-associated HIV. Future treatment interruption may lead to longer periods of undetectable viral loads.

Patients are divided into 2 age cohorts, with Cohort 1 consisting of children and adolescents 4 years and older up to 21 years of age, and Cohort 2 consisting of children and adolescents 2 years and older up to 4 years of age. Patients will be assigned to one of 2 groups. Group A patients will participate in drug holiday cycles from HAART and then back to HAART; Group B is a control group that remains on continuous HAART throughout the study. Cycle 1 for Group A patients begins with 18 days of HAART and a 3-day drug holiday. At the end of the drug holiday, viral load is measured and HAART is resumed for 28 days (detectable virus cycle) if viral load is detectable after the drug holiday. If viral load remains below the level of detection, the patient begins the next drug holiday cycle. With each subsequent drug holiday cycle, time off HAART will increase by 2 days. Patients failing 4 repeated detectable virus (28-day treatment) cycles will be taken off study.

Patients will be enrolled in this study for a minimum of 142 weeks. For Group A, HIV viral load and CD4 cell count are measured at the end of each drug holiday and each HAART resumption; HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 responses are measured every 3 cycles; and cell-associated HIV is assessed at entry, at 12-week intervals, and at the end of the study. For Group B, physical exams are conducted and HIV viral load and other blood work are measured every 12 weeks.