anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease, and there are no targeted treatment options at present. The efficacy of the new immunosuppressive drug (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT8) in improving kidney inflammation has been demonstrated in multiple studies. The present study was intended to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of LLDT8 on DN and to reveal its potential pharmacological mechanisms.
METHODS: The effects of LLDT8 on liver and kidney functions, and urine microprotein of Streptozotocin (STZ) induced DN mice were detected. The protective effect of LLDT8 on the kidney tissue was observed by pathological staining and transmission electron microscopy. Cell culture experiments were performed to detect the effects of LLDT8 on the expression of chemokines and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in high glucose-induced TCMK1 cells using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot (WB) techniques and to detect the influence of LLDT8 on the secretion of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors in high glucose-induced RAW264.7 cells.
RESULTS: In animal experiments, treatment with high-dose LLDT8 (0.25 mg/kg/2d) reduced 24 h urinary albumin excretion, improved structural kidney damage, and delayed fibrosis progression in DN mice. Immunofluorescence results showed that LLDT8 intervention reduced macrophage infiltration in kidney tissues of DN mice. PCR and WB results of kidney tissues showed reduced expressions of chemokines CCL2 and M-CSF1 in the LLDT8 intervention group compared to the DN group. In cellular assays, LLDT8 treatment reduced chemokine secretion in high glucose-induced TCMK1 cells, but had no effect on EMT of TCMK1 cells. LLDT8 treatment reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors in high glucose-induced RAW264.7 cells.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that LLDT8 could effectively inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors by macrophages, which could alleviate high glucose-induced renal tissue injury and slow down the process of tissue fibrosis and DN.
Waitlist control group participants completed a series of questionnaires at the beginning and end of a 10-week interval, to compare changes in those who completed the intervention versus those who did not. This group was subsequently invited to participate in the intervention after their time on the wait-list.
INTRODUCTION: Plasma exchange (PE) is widely used in many immune-based neurological diseases. Our aim is to analyze characteristics of PE in neurological patients at the Clinical Center of Montenegro.
METHODS: Our study involved neurological patients treated with PE between January 2020 and April 2022.
RESULTS: In total, 246 PEs were performed in 43 patients. We divided patients into 4 groups according to indications. In 8/9 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients a decrease of Expanded Dysability Status Scale at least 0.5 was verified. In 14/20 Guillain Barre syndrome patients reduction of Hughes was observed. Four patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) were treated with PE. The most heterogeneous group (4) consisted of patients in whom the mechanism of disease development is assumed to be immune system dysregulation. Fourteen patients had any adverse event.
CONCLUSION: Our results show that PE is widely used and safe in the treatment of neurological diseases.
I-ACE. All participants are offered the I-ACE programme for the duration of 5 weeks.
BACKGROUND AIMS: There are few descriptions of the epidemiology of chronic liver disease (CLD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Among those transplanted before 2000, viral hepatitis was the dominant cause of CLD. Recently, the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) is increasing in the general population. In addition, survivors of allo-HCT are known to be at increased risk of metabolic syndrome. We set out to describe the epidemiology of CLD in a modern cohort of allo-HCT recipients. We hypothesized that MASLD would be the most common cause of CLD in the cohort.
METHODS: We undertook a retrospective cohort and nested case-control study of 2-year survivors of allo-HCT in Alberta transplanted between 2008 and 2018.
RESULTS: Among 392 2-year survivors of allo-HCT between 2008 and 2018, the prevalence of CLD was 41.8% and MASLD was identified in 56% of those with CLD, followed by iron overload in 47% of those with CLD. The prevalence of MASLD among the entire cohort was 46%. Although most patients developed CLD before 2 years post-transplant, there was a 13% cumulative incidence of new CLD after 2 years posttransplant. Grade 2-4 acute graft-versus-host disease and/or moderate-to-severe chronic graft-versus-host disease and pretransplant CLD were strongly associated with CLD. In the case-control study examining the association between cardiovascular risk factors and CLD, type 2 diabetes was associated with CLD. Cirrhosis developed in 1.5% of survivors, and MASLD was an underlying etiology in one half of these cases. There was no difference in overall survival and non-relapse mortality between those who did and did not develop CLD.
CONCLUSIONS: MASLD is the main cause of CLD in recent long-term survivors of allo-HCT and may be associated with post-transplant corticosteroid exposure and type 2 diabetes. We note a shift in the underlying etiology of CLD post-HCT: previous studies describe viral hepatitis as the most common cause of CLD. The high prevalence of MASLD in allo-HCT recipients has important implications for survivorship care.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global health burden characterized by persistent low mood, deprivation of pleasure, recurrent thoughts of death, and physical and cognitive deficits. The current understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD is lacking, resulting in few rapid and effective antidepressant therapies. Recent studies have pointed to the sigma-1 (σ-1) receptor as a potential rapid antidepressant target; σ-1 agonists have shown promise in a variety of preclinical depression models. Hypidone hydrochloride (YL-0919), an independently developed antidepressant by our institute with faster onset of action and low rate of side effects, has recently emerged as a highly selective σ-1 receptor agonist; however, its underlying astrocyte-specific mechanism is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of YL-0919 treatment on gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of depressive-like mice by single-cell RNA sequencing. Furthermore, we knocked down σ-1 receptors on astrocytes in the medial prefrontal cortex of mice to explore the effects of YL-0919 on depressive-like behavior and neuroinflammation in mice. Our results demonstrated that astrocyte-specific knockdown of σ-1 receptor resulted in depressive-like behavior in mice, which was reversed by YL-0919 administration. In addition, astrocytic σ-1 receptor deficiency led to activation of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, and crosstalk between reactive astrocytes and activated microglia amplified neuroinflammation, exacerbating stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, the depressive-like behavior induced by astrocyte-specific knockdown of the σ-1 receptor was improved by a selective NF-κB inhibitor, JSH-23, in mice. Our study not only reaffirms the σ-1 receptor as a key target of the faster antidepressant effect of YL-0919, but also contributes to the development of astrocytic σ-1 receptor-based novel drugs.
Drainage of subdiaphragmatic abscesses is difficult due to its anatomical location and it can result in adverse events, including organ damage and the spread of infection. In recent years, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) guided drainage for upper abdominal abscesses has become available. We report a case of successful infection control using this procedure for a subdiaphragmatic cyst secondary to perforation of the sigmoid colon after cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer. A Japanese woman in her 60s underwent laparotomy for ovarian cancer, and then developed sigmoid colon perforation 6 days after surgery. The emergency reoperation was performed, and a cyst suspected to be an antibiotic-resistant fungal abscess appeared under the left diaphragm in the postoperative period. We adopted an EUS-guided route for diagnostic and therapeutic drainage method, which enabled shrinkage of the cyst and did not concur further adverse events. This procedure was effective as a minimally invasive drainage route for subdiaphragmatic cysts.
UNLABELLED: Adagrasib, an irreversible, selective KRASG12C inhibitor, may be an effective treatment in KRASG12C-mutated colorectal cancer, particularly when combined with an anti-EGFR antibody. In this analysis of the KRYSTAL-1 trial, patients with previously treated KRASG12C-mutated unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer received adagrasib (600 mg twice daily) plus cetuximab. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by blinded independent central review. Ninety-four patients received adagrasib plus cetuximab. With a median follow-up of 11.9 months, ORR was 34.0%, disease control rate was 85.1%, and median duration of response was 5.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2-7.6). Median progression-free survival was 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.7-7.4) and median overall survival was 15.9 months (95% CI, 11.8-18.8). Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in all patients; grade 3-4 in 27.7% and no grade 5. No TRAEs led to adagrasib discontinuation. Exploratory analyses suggest circulating tumor DNA may identify features of response and acquired resistance.
SIGNIFICANCE: Adagrasib plus cetuximab demonstrates promising clinical activity and tolerable safety in heavily pretreated patients with unresectable or metastatic KRASG12C-mutated colorectal cancer. These data support a potential new standard of care and highlight the significance of testing and identification of KRASG12C mutations in patients with colorectal cancer. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 897.
PURPOSE: Musculoskeletal pain may occur after becoming infected with SARS-Cov2. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of mesotherapy in treating chronic pain following COVID-19 infection.
METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of the records of 96 patients with post-COVID pain syndrome. Those who were eligible for oral therapy or mesotherapy, included in the study. Patients receiving oral treatment with diclofenac potassium, thiocolchicoside and cyanocobalamin were included in one group (n = 46), and patients receiving intradermal mesotherapy with 2% lidocaine + cyanocobalamin were included in another group (n = 50). The results of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) were individually assessed before and one week after the treatment.
FINDINGS: The participants were 40.2 ± 11.1 years old on average. Of the participants, 35.4% (n = 34) were male and 64.6% (n = 62) were female. Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference between the patients in terms of VAS and LANSS scores. Following the treatment, a notable positive response was observed in both groups. Nevertheless, when compared to the oral treatment group, the mesotherapy group exhibited a more pronounced enhancement in VAS and LANSS scores (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively).
IMPLICATIONS: While both mesotherapy and oral therapy offer benefits in reducing pain and alleviating neuropathic symptoms in post-COVID pain syndrome, mesotherapy stands out as an especially effective and well-tolerated treatment method, surpassing the efficacy of the oral alternative.
OBJECTIVE: Age-related cognitive decline involves a complex set of factors. Among these factors, hearing loss is considered to have a significant impact, but the effect of hearing aid use remains unresolved. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hearing aid use by simultaneously assessing various factors not only cognitive function but also frailty, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with hearing loss.
METHODS: The cross-sectional study at the Hearing Aid (HA) Center was conducted between 2020 and 2021. Initially, associations with cognitive function, QOL, frailty, and mental state among patients with hearing loss were examined, irrespective of whether they wore a hearing aid or not. Next, these patients were divided into HA users (using HA for more than 1 year) and non-users (no prior use of HA) with 42 patients in each group. The average age and 6-frequency pure tone audiometry (PTA) was 74.5 ± 6.5 years and 50.6 ± 12.1 dB, respectively. All participants filled out the questionnaire about their life style, medical condition. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for cognitive function, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for mental state, Short Form 36 version 2 (SF-36v2) for QOL, and Kihon Checklist for frailty were compared between HA users and non-users and correlated with the auditory data (PTA and speech discrimination).
RESULTS: Among 84 patients, 40 had an MMSE score ≦26. All eight scores and three components of SF-36v2 were lower than those of the control group. The patients with hypertension were significantly more in HA user than in non-HA user, whereas there was no difference in diabetes, heart attack, stroke and education. Although HA users were older and showed hypertension more their PTA was worse than that of non-users, MMSE scores were not different between the groups. MMSE scores correlated with both PTA and speech discrimination in non-users but not in HA users. However, a multivariate analysis of the effect of HA use on MMSE scores adjusting for age, hypertension, and hearing loss, could not be revealed. The vitality and mental component summary of the SF-36v2 was better in HA users than in non-users.
CONCLUSION: Elderly patients with hearing loss were cognitively impaired and had low QOL. HA users showed better QOL score than non-HA user, especially about the mental condition. The absence of a correlation between MMSE scores and hearing loss in HA users suggests the potential use of HA in preventing cognitive decline.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an external preparation for skins, excellent in a moisture-retaining property and the like, although various cosmetics containing the extracts of plants, such as a cosmetic containing an extract of morning-glory, a cosmetic containing the extract of strawberry, and a cosmetic containing an extract of carnation are known.  <P>SOLUTION: Provided is the external preparation for the skins, containing an extract of a plant belonging to Myoporaceae, such as Eremophila racemosa, Eremophila nivea, Eremophila maculata, Eremophila glabra, Myoporum parvifolium, Myoporum sandwicense, Myoporum bontioides (Sieb. et Zucc.) A. Gray, or Myoporum boninense Koidz. The external preparation is excellent in a moisture-retaining property and the like, and is useful as a cosmetic or the like.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
The invention relates to a use of mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen protein Rv2941 and its T cell epitope peptide in preparation of a tuberculosis detection agent, vaccine and drug. The antigen protein Rv2941 and its T cell epitope peptide have amino acid sequences respectively shown in the formulas of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 5. The mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2941 protein antigen and its T cell epitope peptide as irritants are used for mycobacterium tuberculosis infection-caused specific T cell and B cell immunoreaction. Compared with the existing complete antigen, the mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen protein Rv2941 and its T cell epitope peptide can reduce a false positive result caused by antigen impurities. A detection reagent prepared from the Rv2941 protein antigen and its epitope peptide can be widely used in the related area of tuberculosis auxiliary diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance. A tuberculosis vaccine and an anti-tuberculosis drug prepared from the Rv2941 protein antigen and its epitope peptide can be used for tuberculosis prevention and treatment.
OBJECTIVE: Pathologic cardiac hypertrophy (PCH) is a precursor to heart failure. Amydrium sinense (Engl.) H. Li (AS), a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has been extensively utilized to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the therapeutic effect of ASWE on PCH and its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood.
METHODS: A cardiac hypertrophy model was established by treating C57BL/6 J mice and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) in vitro with isoprenaline (ISO) in this study. The antihypertrophic effects of AS water extract (ASWE) on cardiac function, histopathologic manifestations, cell surface area and expression levels of hypertrophic biomarkers were examined. Subsequently, the impact of ASWE on inflammatory factors, p65 nuclear translocation and NF-κB activation was investigated to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
RESULTS: In the present study, we observed that oral administration of ASWE effectively improved ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice, as evidenced by histopathological manifestations and the expression levels of hypertrophic markers. Furthermore, the in vitro experiments demonstrated that ASWE treatment inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and suppressed inflammation response in ISO-treated NRCMs. Mechanically, our findings provided evidence that ASWE suppressed inflammation response by repressing p65 nuclear translocation and NF-κB activation. ASWE was found to possess the capability of inhibiting inflammation response and cardiac hypertrophy induced by ISO.
CONCLUSION: To sum up, ASWE treatment was shown to attenuate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting cardiac inflammation via preventing the activation of the NF-kB signaling pathway. These findings provided scientific evidence for the development of ASWE as a novel therapeutic drug for PCH treatment.
Participants will receive single oral Dose 1 of milvexian oral Tablet 1 under fed conditions (Treatment N) in Treatment Period 1, followed by single oral Dose 1 of milvexian oral Tablet 2 under fed conditions (Treatment O) in Treatment Period 2 and then single oral Dose 1 of milvexian Phase 2 oral capsule under fed conditions (Treatment P) in Treatment Period 3 on Day 1 in each Treatment Period during Part 3B. There will be a wash-out period of 5 days between Day 1 of adjacent treatment periods.
The present invention provides CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies, particularly humanized monoclonal antibodies specifically binding to CTLA-4 with high affinity. The present invention also provides functional monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive to CTLA-4 of human, cynomolgus monkey and mouse. The present invention further provides amino acid sequences of the antibodies of the invention, cloning or expression vectors, host cells and methods for expressing or isolating the antibodies. The epitopes of the antibodies are identified. Therapeutic compositions comprising the antibodies of the invention are also provided. The invention also provides methods for treating cancers and other diseases with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies.
After the newborns in the WNG group were taken to the blood collection department, white noise (55 dB) was played through a speaker standing 1 meter away from the newborn. The sound level was adjusted to 55 dB with a decibel meter. A heel lancing was performed after the newborn started listening to white noise and calmed down.
In the Randomized Treatment Period patients randomized to receive Anti-C5 antibody continued with the same stable regimen of Anti-C5 antibody therapy as they had received prior to randomization. For eculizumab (administered as intravenous infusion every 2 weeks), the maintenance dose was a fixed dose, whereas for ravulizumab (administered as intravenous infusion every 8 weeks), the maintenance dose was based on body weight. After 24 weeks of Anti-C5 antibody treatment in the Randomized Treatment Period, participants had the option to enter the Extension Treatment Period to receive 24 weeks of LNP023 200mg b.i.d.
The methods and the compositions are used in veterinary medicine. They ensure the protection of animals against diseases related to infections. The vaccination of the healthy animals is administered with drinking water or syrups as an aid in the prevention of disease. The admixing of palatable flavorant provides for the administration of a vaccine with the selected form and/or prevents rejection in the process of vaccination. By the methods, bacterial or viral antigen with a water-soluble palatable flavorant are mixed. Then the antigen and flavored mixtures are mixed with water-soluble vehicle for the oral administration of the vaccine. 26 claims
Active High frequency rTMS will be administered with a Magventure MagPro Stimulator R30 using a butterfly coil. The stimulation protocol parameters will be set as follow: frequency of 15 Hz, of 100% of resting motor threshold (rMT), 40 trains, 60 pulses per train, 15 s intertrain-interval, 2400 pulses per session.
OBJECTIVE: while smell training appears to be effective for post viral smell loss, its effectiveness in COVID-19 induced smell loss is currently not well known. Therefore, we aim to investigate the potential effect of smell training on patients with COVID-19 induced smell loss.
METHODS: we conducted a case-control study with two comparable cohorts. One of which (n=111) was instructed to perform smell training twice daily for 12 weeks, therapeutical adherence was monitored on a daily schedule, while the other cohort (n=50) did not perform smell training. The Sniffin' Sticks Test (SST) was used to objectify participants' sense of smell at baseline and after 12 weeks, reported as a Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification (TDI) score. We also determined the association between therapeutical adherence and the TDI scores.
RESULTS: we found a significant difference in psychophysical smell function between patients with COVID-19 induced smell disorders who performed 12 weeks of smell training and those who did not. Median TDI difference between groups was 2.00 However, there was no association between the therapeutical adherence and olfactory function.
CONCLUSION: we discovered a significant moderate difference in psychophysical smell function between patients with COVID-19-induced smell disorders who performed smell training and those who did not, implying a possible advantage of training. However, no relationship was found between therapeutical adherence of smell training and olfactory function.
Oral malodor (Halitosis, Fetor ex ora) is a common and disturbing condition, affecting according to some studies about one quarter of the population. This condition may start at any time from early childhood through adolescence, adulthood and old age and vary in character and severity.The bacteria responsible for malodor production are for the most part Gram negative oral bacteria (2- 4) such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia. These bacteria reside on various locations within the oral cavity (e.g. tongue dorsum, interdental space, periodontal pockets, tonsils) and breakdown salivary and oral proteins into their amino acid building blocks. Some of these amino acids (e.g. methionine, cysteine, tryptophan, lysine) are further metabolized yielding malodorous volatile products such as methylmercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, indole, skatole and cadaverine (5-7). These are foul smelling compounds, which are released during exhalation and speech.in our study we intend to use an aprooved mucosal sticker containing carbopol and hydroxypropylcellulose mixed with the herbal ingredients and placed on the palatal mucosa.than mesure the volatile sulfur compounds to observe if the composition has antimalodor effect and for how long. the herbal ingredients are used for many years for medicinal and nutritional purposes. if our hypothesis is right we might have another formulation and method of application to prevent oral malodor