anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE:A pharmaceutical composition, containing an antibiotic substance and a phospholipid and capable of improving the absorbability of the antibiotic substance. CONSTITUTION:A pharmaceutical composition obtained by incorporating an antibiotic substance, preferably antimicrobial antibiotic substance, e.g. cephem phase substance such as cephaloridine, penicillin based substance such as benzylpenicillin, aminoglucoside based substance such as kanamycin, macrolide based substance such as erythromycin, etc., with a phospholipid, e.g. phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, soybean lecithin, egg yolk lecithin, etc., at 100:10-1,000, preferably 50-800 weight ratio of the former to the latter. The resultant composition is capable of enhancing the stabilization and absorbability, particularly absorbability in digestive tracts, rectum and skin, and the synergistic effect of antibiotic substance absorption is observed by incorporation of a peripheral vasodilator therewith. The dose thereof is 1-500mg/day administered once or divided in several portions.
The invention discloses a light-driven nanomotor group for photothermal treatment of tumors. The nano motor tests tubular gold-copper nano particles, and one end of the hollow gold tube is sealed by a copper rod. Nanomotors exhibit autonomous propulsion, the speed of which may increase with the intensity of near infrared light illumination. Under near infrared irradiation, nanomotors are caused to cluster in the center of the near infrared irradiation. The size and the response time of the nano motor cluster can be easily controlled by adjusting the irradiation time and the power density of near infrared light, and the mass center of the cluster can be guided to move by changing the position of the near infrared irradiation point, so that the precise control of the cluster motion is realized. The nanomotor clusters show good photothermal treatment effect under external near infrared irradiation, and the nanomotor clusters are used for photothermal therapy, so that a photothermal treatment platform is provided, and efficient tumor cell eradication can be achieved.
The subjects in Hip thrust group will be instructed to perform low-load gluteus activation exercises, which included single-leg bridges, clamshells and quadruped hip extensions. One set of ten repetitions or steps will perform for each exercise. In this training program three stages which focused on enhancing hypertrophy and strength of the hip extensors in sequence. During the training period, the subjects will be instructed to maintain their usual daily activities and diet. All subjects will complete 18 sessions at a frequency of 3 sessions per week and with at least 48 hours between the sessions. Hip thrust training 3 sets with 10 repetitions in each set and 2 minutes rest between each set.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Various imaging techniques have been described to detect CSF-venous fistulas in the setting of spontaneous intracranial hypotension, including decubitus CT myelography. The expected diagnostic yield of decubitus CT myelography for CSF-venous fistula detection is not fully established. The purpose of this study was to assess the yield of decubitus CT myelography among consecutive patients presenting for evaluation of possible spontaneous intracranial hypotension and to examine the impact of brain MR imaging findings of spontaneous intracranial hypotension on the diagnostic yield.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a single-center, retrospective cohort of consecutive patients presenting during a 1-year period who underwent CT myelography and had no CSF identified in the epidural space. Patients with epidural CSF leaks were included in a secondary cohort. Subjects were grouped according to positioning for the myelogram, either decubitus or prone, and the presence of imaging findings of spontaneous intracranial hypotension on preprocedural brain MR imaging. Diagnostic yields for each subgroup were calculated, and the yield of decubitus CT myelography was compared with that of prone CT myelography.
RESULTS: The study cohort comprised 302 subjects, including 247 patients with no epidural fluid. The diagnostic yield of decubitus CT myelography for CSF-venous fistula detection among subjects with positive brain MR imaging findings and no epidural fluid was 73%. No CSF-venous fistulas were identified among subjects with negative findings on brain imaging. Among subjects with an epidural leak, brain MR imaging was negative for signs of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in 22%. Prone CT myelography identified a CSF-venous fistula less commonly than decubitus CT myelography (43% versus 73%, P = .19), though the difference was not statistically significant in this small subgroup.
CONCLUSIONS: We found the diagnostic yield of decubitus CT myelography to be similar to the yield previously reported for digital subtraction myelography among patients with positive findings on brain imaging. No CSF-venous fistulas were identified in patients with negative findings on brain imaging; epidural CSF leaks accounted for all cases of patients who had spontaneous intracranial hypotension with negative brain imaging findings. This study provides useful data for counseling patients and helps establish a general benchmark for the decubitus CT myelography yield for CSF-venous fistula detection.
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction that endangers patient lives and is caused by an imbalance in the host defense against infection. Sepsis continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically sick patients. Oxymatrine (OMT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the traditional Chinese herb Sophora flavescens Aiton, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects on a number of inflammatory illnesses according to research. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of OMT on sepsis and explore the underlying mechanisms. We differentiated THP-1 cells into THP-1 macrophages and studied the anti-inflammatory mechanism of OMT in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 macrophage sepsis model. Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), as well as NF-κB, was assessed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. ELISA was used to measure the levels of inflammatory factors. We found that OMT significantly inhibited HMGB1-mediated RAGE/NF-κB activation and downstream inflammatory cytokine production in response to LPS stimulation. Finally, an in vivo experiment was performed on septic mice to further study the effect of OMT on injured organs. The animal experiments showed that OMT significantly inhibited HMGB1-mediated RAGE/NF-κB activation, protected against the inflammatory response and organ injury induced by CLP, and prolonged the survival rate of septic mice. Herein, we provide evidence that OMT exerts a significant therapeutic effect on sepsis by inhibiting the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway.
PURPOSE:To makeup cosmetic, containing a coated pigment prepared by coating the surface thereof with a humectant high polymer and having both improved touch and makeup durability on the skin. CONSTITUTION:A makeup cosmetic containing a coated pigment prepared by coating the surface thereof with a humectant high polymer, e.g. hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, collagen, collagen hydrolyzate, elastin, elastin hydrolyzate, fibronectin, etc., in an amount of 3-95wt% based on the total weight. An inorganic power, e.g. talc, mica, TiO2, red iron oxide, black iron oxide or prussian blue, having 0.01-50mu average particle diameter is preferred for the pigment coated with the humectant high polymer from the viewpoint of improving effect. A wet method for previously dissolving the humectant high polymer in an aqueous solution containing a preservative, adding a pigment, adding an organic solvent while uniformly dispersing the pigment and depositing the high polymer on the surface, etc., is preferred for a method for producing the coated pigment.
###  Intravenous

The usual recommended single-dose for IV administration is 1 mg repeated every three to four hours as necessary. The effective dosage range, depending on the severity of pain, is 0.5 to 2 mg repeated every three to four hours.

###  Intramuscular

The usual recommended single-dose for IM administration is 2 mg in patients who will be able to remain recumbent, in the event drowsiness or dizziness occurs. This may be repeated every three to four hours, as necessary. The effective dosage range depending on the severity of pain is 1 to 4 mg repeated every three to four hours. There are insufficient clinical data to recommend single-doses above 4 mg.
Neurological disorders and pain are prevalent clinical issues that severely impact patients' quality of life and daily functioning. With the advancing exploration of these disease mechanisms, G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) has emerged as a critical protein, garnering widespread attention in the scientific community. As a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, GPR37 features a seven-transmembrane helix structure and is widely expressed in various brain regions, including the substantia nigra and striatum. In addition to neurons, GPR37 is also detected in immune cells within the nervous system, indicating its potential role in neuron-immune cell interactions. Research has shown that the expression level of GPR37 in neurological disorders can affect neuron survival, cellular signaling, and overall neurological health. Abnormal expression of GPR37 is often associated with disease progression and symptom exacerbation in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and stroke. In the context of pain, GPR37 alleviates pain and inflammatory responses by regulating the phagocytic activity and polarization state of macrophages. This article aims to delve into the mechanistic roles of GPR37 in neurological disorders and pain. Through a comprehensive literature review, we summarize the latest research on GPR37's involvement in neurological diseases and pain, highlighting its critical roles in neural signaling, inflammatory responses, and neuroprotection. This understanding expands the comprehension of GPR37's biological functions and provides new perspectives for improving the clinical outcomes of patients with neurological disorders and pain.
The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating tubal nowhere, which is prepared from caulis spatholobi and rhizoma sparganii which are used as monarch drugs and directly enter blood system. Luffa vegetable sponge, fructus Liquidambaris, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Cinnamomum cassia Presl are used as adjuvant drugs to help warm meridians, promote blood circulation and remove meridian obstruction. Monarch and minister drugs are compatible, and the functions of the monarch and minister drugs can promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, warm meridians and dredge collaterals. Spina Gleditsiae, herba Patriniae, parched Atractylodis rhizoma, rhizoma Cyperi, Coicis semen, and parched fructus Foeniculi can be added. The licorice root is used as a guiding drug. The whole formula has the effects of breaking blood, removing blood stasis, warming and activating meridian, regulating qi, tonifying qi, eliminating carbuncle and discharging pus. Breaking the strong accumulation of the body and promoting pregnancy. Has obvious curative effect on fallopian tube obstruction and no side effect.
BACKGROUND: Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA), a histologic feature of kidney allograft destruction, is linked to decreased allograft survival. The role of lipid metabolism is well-acknowledged in the area of chronic kidney diseases; however, its role in kidney allograft fibrosis is still unclarified. In this study, how lipid metabolism contributes to kidney allografts fibrosis was examined.
METHODS: A comprehensive bioinformatic comparison between IF/TA and normal kidney allograft in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was conducted. Further validations through transcriptome profiling or pathological staining of human recipient biopsy samples and in rat models of kidney transplantation were performed. Additionally, the effects of enhanced lipid metabolism on changes in the fibrotic phenotype induced by TGF-β1 were examined in HK-2 cell.
RESULTS: In-depth analysis of the GEO dataset revealed a notable downregulation of lipid metabolism pathways in human kidney allografts with IF/TA. This decrease was associated with increased level of allograft rejection, inflammatory responses, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Pathway enrichment analysis showed the downregulation in mitochondrial LC-fatty acid beta-oxidation, fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO), and fatty acid biosynthesis. Dysregulated fatty acid metabolism was also observed in biopsy samples from human kidney transplants and in fibrotic rat kidney allografts. Notably, the areas affected by IF/TA had increased immune cell infiltration, during which increased EMT biomarkers and reduced CPT1A expression, a key FAO enzyme, were shown by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, under TGF-β1 induction, activating CPT1A with the compound C75 effectively inhibited migration and EMT process in HK-2 cells.
CONCLUSIONS: This study reveal a critical correlation between dysregulated lipid metabolism and kidney allograft fibrosis. Enhancing lipid metabolism with CPT1A agonists could be a therapeutic approach to mitigate kidney allografts fibrosis.
BACKGROUND: Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the standard treatment for resectable periampullary cancer. Surgical site infections (SSI) are common complications with increased morbidity. The study aimed to describe the prevalence, risk factors, microbiology, and outcomes of SSI among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study in a referral cancer center between January 2015 and June 2021. We analyzed baseline patient characteristics and SSI occurrence. Culture results and susceptibility patterns were described. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine risk factors, proportional hazards model to evaluate mortality, and Kaplan-Meier analysis to assess long-term survival.
RESULTS: A total of 219 patients were enrolled in the study; 101 (46%) developed SSI. Independent factors for SSI were diabetes mellitus, preoperative albumin level, biliary drainage, biliary prostheses, and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula. The main pathogens were Enterobacteria and Enterococci. Multidrug-resistance rate in SSI was high but not associated with increased mortality. Infected patients had higher odds of sepsis, longer hospital stay and intensive care unit stay, and readmission rate. Neither 30-day mortality nor long-term survival was significantly different between infected and non-infected patients.
CONCLUSIONS: SSI prevalence among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy was high and largely caused by resistant microorganisms. Most risk factors were related to preoperative instrumentation of the biliary tree. SSI was associated with greater risk of unfavorable outcomes; however, survival was unaffected.
Clopidogrel is crucial as antiplatelet treatment in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation and during one year after PCI, to prevent atherothrombotic complications. Clopidogrel is converted into its active metabolite by Cytochrome P2C19 (CYP2C19). However 30 % of the Saudi population is carrier of the non functional CYP2C19\*2 or \*3 alleles having an impaired CYP2C19 capacity, resulting in decreased effectiveness of Clopidogrel. These patients have a 42% higher risk for major cardiovascular events (MACE) compared to non carriers. Further 50 % of the MACE occurs in the first 48 hours. Therefore Ticagrelor (90 mg twice daily) or prasugrel ( 10mg once daily or 5mg once daily if the patient older than 75 years or a body weight \< 60kg) whose actions are not dependent on conversion by CYP2C19 may be an alternative only in carriers of the non functional CYP2C19\*2 or \*3 alleles. This might be cost effective and prevent patients form MACE. Therefore the objective of this study is to assess the efficacy, complication free survival, safety and cost-effectiveness of the CYP2C19 genotype guided antiplatelet treatment strategy, using clopidogrel or prasugrel (or Ticlid). All participants will be followed for one year using follow up questionnaires.
Withaferin A, a steroid lactone from Withania somnifera, exhibits anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. This study investigated the effects of withaferin A on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats, focusing on NF-κB p65 regulation and cytokine release. Withaferin A (50 mg/kg b.wt., orally) or methotrexate (0.25 mg/kg b.wt., i.p., as a reference drug) was given to CIA rats daily for 20 days postarthritis induction. Joints were removed from nonarthritic and arthritic rats to assess the levels of NO, MPO, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, COX-2, and NF-κB via ELISA. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB was also assessed through qPCR. Treatment with withaferin A significantly inhibited the levels of inflammatory cytokines and the transcription factor NF-κB; suppressed the expression of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB in the joint tissue of CIA rats; and reduced cartilage and bone destruction, as shown by H&E staining. To confirm the results obtained from biochemical and molecular studies and to determine the molecular target of withaferin A, we performed a molecular simulation of the potential targets of withaferin A, which identified the NF-κB pathway as its target. These results suggested that withaferin A effectively attenuated rheumatoid arthritis progression by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway and the downstream secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
Chronic pain is a complex and challenging medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain is a key goal of preclinical pain research so that more effective treatment strategies can be developed. In this review, we explore nociception, pain, and the multifaceted factors that lead to chronic pain by focusing on preclinical models. We provide a detailed look into inflammatory and neuropathic pain models and discuss the most used animal models for studying the mechanisms behind these conditions. Additionally, we emphasize the vital role of these preclinical models in developing new pain-relief drugs, focusing on biologics and the therapeutic potential of NMDA and cannabinoid receptor antagonists. We also discuss the challenges of TRPV1 modulation for pain treatment, the clinical failures of neurokinin (NK)- 1 receptor antagonists, and the partial success story of Ziconotide to provide valuable lessons for preclinical pain models. Finally, we highlight the overall success and limitations of current treatments for chronic pain while providing critical insights into the development of more effective therapies to alleviate the burden of chronic pain.
Patients with renal insufficiency not requiring hemodialysis and scheduled to undergo a contrast enhanced MRI or unenhanced MRI examination to specify a diagnosis, were selected for inclusion. Two groups of patients were defined on the basis of the planned imaging procedure selected to obtain a diagnosis: those undergoing a Dotarem®-enhanced MRI and those undergoing an unenhanced MRI.

A clinically significant increase in serum creatinine levels after the contrast-enhanced MRI exam was used as an indication of contrast induced nephrotoxicity. A blood test was performed 24h before the MRI in order to evaluate baseline creatinine values. 72h after the exam, a second blood test was performed. An increase in creatinemia above 25% from baseline levels was defined as a contrast-induced nephrotoxic reaction. The primary endpoint of the study assessed the percentage of patients presenting a contrast-induced nephrotoxic reaction in order to show a non inferiority of enhanced as compared to non-enhanced MRI exams.
BACKGROUND: Lumbar spondylolysis is a common cause of low back pain in adolescents. A lot of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with concomitant spondylolysis has been reported before, but only two cases with acquired spondylolysis following long fusion for scoliosis were reported. We described another similar rare case and discussed its causes and treatment options in this paper.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 17-year-old female underwent growing rod implantation, growing rod extension, and final long spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. Then, she suffered from low back pain with a VAS of 1-2 points and gradually aggravated to a VAS of 7-8 points at 3.5 years after the final fusion. The X-ray images showed that there was L4-S1 instability. And the CT scan images showed new bilateral spondylolysis of L5.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that distal mechanical stress might cause spondylolysis of the distal vertebra following long fusion for scoliosis. Surgeons should keep instrumentation as short as possible and avoid choosing a low lumbar as LIV when they decide on the fusion levels.
PURPOSE:To separate limonoids economically and advantageously by bringing carbon dioxide in a supercritical state, etc., into contact with raw material of rutaceous plant, extracting limonoids together with an oil component, recovering the limonoids and the oil component and then separating the limonoids from the oil component by crystallization. CONSTITUTION:Carbon dioxide in a critical state or supercritical state (preferably under 300-400kg/cm<2> at 35-55 deg.C) is brought into contact with a raw material of rutaceous plant (e.g. mandarin, Citrus natsudaidai, pummelos or Citrus hassasku hort.), generally seeds (strained lees) to extract limonoids together with an oil component. Then pressure and/or pressure during extraction is lowered or reduced (usually under condition of 10-100 deg.C and 1-200kg/cm<2>) to recover the extracted limonoids and the oil component. Then, the limonoids are separated from the oil component by crystallization (e.g. organic solvent such as hexane or petroleum ether is used).
Aorta-atrial fistula (AAF) is defined as the communication of blood flow between the aorta and the atrium. Most of the fistula occurs between the ascending aorta and the right atrium. Aorta-atrial fistula occurs mostly due to acquired causes. Congenital causes remain a minority. We report a very rare variant of AAF in a two-day-old neonate in whom the fistula was arising from the left sinus of Valsalva of the aortic root and draining into the superior vena cava and the right atrium. The child underwent successful surgical ligation of the fistula on a beating heart and is doing well on a two-year follow-up.