anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Carcinogenesis

Ramelteon was administered to mice and rats at oral doses of 0, 30, 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg/day (mice) and 0, 15, 60, 250, or 1000 mg/kg/day (rats). Mice and rats were dosed for two years, except at the high dose (94 weeks for male and female mice and female rats). In mice, dose related increases in the incidence of hepatic tumors (adenomas, carcinomas, hepatoblastomas) were observed in males and females. The no-effect dose for hepatic tumors in mice (30 mg/kg/day) is approximately 20 times the recommended human dose (RHD) of 8 mg/day based on body surface area (mg/m2).

In rats, the incidence of hepatic adenoma and benign Leydig cell tumors of the testis was increased in males at doses ≥250 mg/kg/day. In females, the incidence of hepatic adenoma was increased at doses ≥60 mg/kg/day. The incidence of hepatic carcinoma was increased in males and female rats at 1000 mg/kg/day. The no-effect dose for tumors in rats (15 mg/kg/day) is approximately 20 times the RHD based on mg/m2.

Mutagenesis

Ramelteon was not genotoxic in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) assay, the in vitro mouse lymphoma TK+/- assay, and in in vivo oral micronucleus assays in mouse and rat. Ramelteon was clastogenic in the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in Chinese hamster lung cells.

The M-II metabolite was not tested for genotoxicity. However, it was present in the test medium of the parent drug at concentrations higher than those of the parent.

Impairment of Fertility

When ramelteon (doses of 6 to 600 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to male and female rats prior to and during mating and early gestation, alterations in estrus cyclicity and decreased numbers of corpora lutea, implantations, and live embryos were observed at doses greater than 20 mg/kg/day. The no-effect dose is approximately 24 times the RHD of 8 mg/day based on mg/m2. Oral administration of ramelteon (up to 600 mg/kg/day) to male rats had no effects on sperm quality or reproductive performance.
PURPOSE:To obtain a solid pharmaceutical for oral use, capable of masking unpleasant taste and eliminating aftertaste having unpleasantness and useful in the field of foods, etc., by blending a substance having unpleasant taste with a foaming agent foaming in dissolution in the oral cavity. CONSTITUTION:A solid pharmaceutical for oral use is obtained by blending a substance such as a bitter ingredient such as caffeine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine maleate, diphenhydramine salicylate, diprophylline or pyridoxine hydrochloride having unpleasant taste with a foaming agent capable of foaming in dissolution in the oral cavity, preferably a combination of an ingredient capable of generating gaseous carbon dioxide by decomposition with its decomposing agent, e.g. a combination of a carbonate (e.g. sodium hydrogencarbonate) with an organic acid (e.g. malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid or succinic acid). In the solid pharmaceutical, 1-10wt.% sodium hydrogencarbonate and 3-20wt.% organic acid are preferably blended. The resultant pharmaceutical is suitable for improving feeling of administering a medicine for internal use and palatability of a composition containing ingredients having unpleasant taste.
The study design is a cluster randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four elderly centers as clusters will be randomly selected and assigned to be intervention (n=20) or control groups (n=4) in two study phases. A total of 8-10 older adults (age ≥ 60) from each cluster (total subjects = 228) will be invited to be study participants. Each intervention cluster will receive either an integrated training format or one out of three combinations of two training modes. Each intervention training mode will last for 2-month of 16 sessions in total, 2 sessions per week and 60 min per session, hence, the total intervention will last for 4 months for two training modes or an integrated training format. Assessments will be conducted at pre-test, two post-training tests, and a 2-month follow-up test after completion of all training.
Chronic inflammation in white adipose tissue is crucial in obesity and related metabolic disorders. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is renowned for its anti-inflammatory effects as a non-invasive treatment, yet its precise role in obesity has been uncertain. Our study investigates the therapeutic effect of LIPUS and its underlying mechanism on obesity in mice, thereby offering a novel approach for non-invasive treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders for human. Male C57BL/6J mice aged 10 weeks were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to establish obesity model, then underwent 8 weeks of LIPUS (frequency: 1.0 MHz, duty cycle: 20 %, Isata: 58-61 mW/cm2, 20 min per day) stimulation of the epididymal white adipose tissue. Fat and lean mass were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), while energy homeostasis was evaluated using metabolic cages. Insulin resistance was assessed using glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT). Regulatory mechanisms were explored using RNA sequencing. Results showed that LIPUS significantly reduced obesity markers in obese mice, including body and adipose tissue weight, and improved insulin resistance, without affecting food intake. RNA sequencing showed 250 up-regulated and 351 down-regulated genes between HFD-LIPUS group and HFD-Sham group, suggesting anti-inflammatory action. Quantitative PCR confirmed reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression and macrophage infiltration in eWAT. Gene set enrichment analysis showed decreased NF-κB signaling and extracellular matrix-receptor interactions in LIPUS-treated mice. Thus, LIPUS effectively mitigates metabolic dysregulation in HFD-induced obesity through inflammation suppression and extracellular matrix remodeling, which provides a potential physical therapy for metabolic syndrome in clinic.
To provide a composition useful for alleviating the progression of dementia/Alzheimer's disease and alleviating the depression, which is a result of slowing insulin response and insulin resistance, where corosolic acid and the like are a main cause of dementia; at the same time, the present invention is intended to provide a method of ingestion and machinery, a method of mass production, a method of easily diagnosing dementia as a biomarker, and a method of preventing dementia by which corosolic acid and the like can be routinely ingested by development of a genome edited plant; a composition for delay and prevention of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and a biomarker for diagnosis of dementia and Alzheimer's disease, and an application and a product for use, a method for mass production thereof and a red leaf color callus and a gene therefor; there are no reports on effective dementia treatment/preventive drugs or health foods yet; in addition, there is no simple physical diagnostic method of dementia.SOLUTION: 1. Patients with depression, MCI mild cognitive impairment, and dementia routinely take corosolic acid and a similar compound. 2. Blood diagnosis for people with suspected dementia and a reagent for corosolic acid as a biomarker are provided. 3. Corosolic acid is produced in large quantities at low cost.
Rationale: The term "pre-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" ("pre-COPD") refers to individuals at high risk of developing COPD who do not meet conventional spirometric criteria for airflow obstruction. New approaches to identifying these individuals are needed, particularly in younger populations. Objectives: To determine whether lung function thresholds and respiratory symptoms can be used to identify individuals at risk of developing COPD. Methods: The Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study comprises a population-based cohort first studied in 1968 (at age 7 yr). Respiratory symptoms, pre- and post-bronchodilator (BD) spirometry, diffusing capacity, and static lung volumes were measured in a subgroup at age 45, and the incidence of COPD was assessed at age 53. For each lung function measure, z-scores were calculated using Global Lung Function Initiative references. The optimal threshold for best discrimination of COPD incidence was determined by the unweighted Youden index. Measurements and Main Results: Among 801 participants who did not have COPD at age 45, the optimal threshold for COPD incidence by age 53 was pre-BD FEV1/FVC z-score less than -1.264, corresponding to the lowest 10th percentile. Those below this threshold had a 36-fold increased risk of developing COPD over an 8-year follow-up period (risk ratio, 35.8; 95% confidence interval, 8.88 to 144), corresponding to a risk difference of 16.4% (95% confidence interval, 3.7 to 67.4). The sensitivity was 88%, and the specificity was 87%. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 6.79 and 0.14, respectively. Respiratory symptoms, post-BD spirometry, diffusing capacity, and static lung volumes did not improve on the classification achieved by pre-BD FEV1/FVC alone. Conclusions: This is the first study, to our knowledge, to evaluate the discriminatory accuracy of spirometry, diffusing capacity, and static lung volume thresholds for COPD incidence in middle-aged adults. Our findings support the inclusion of pre-BD spirometry in the physiological definition of pre-COPD and indicate that pre-BD FEV1/FVC at the 10th percentile accurately identifies individuals at high risk of developing COPD in community-based settings.
Caregivers for this study will be recruited at the geriatric, neurology and, psychiatry outpatient clinic. The caregiver will be approached by the primary researcher and explained about the details of the study. The caregivers will be given the participant information sheet and if they agree to participate in the study, written informed consent will be obtained.

The researcher will then check the eligibility of the caregiver to participate. If the caregiver was eligible to participate, they will be ask to provide contact details for researcher to assign tentative date for the virtual educational session. The caregiver will be then randomly assigned to control or intervention group before the baseline data were collected. This study will use equal allocation with a ratio of one to one for each two groups. The caregiver will be randomly allocated by using permuted block randomization technique. This study will be conducted as single blind study. Only the respondents would be blinded and concealed from the group allocation.

The intervention group will be given the educational intervention which are educational module and short videos related to dementia care. After the baseline data collection, the soft copy of the educational module will be shared to the participants via WhatsApp messenger so that they can review the module before the virtual educational session. One short educational video will be then shared to all the participants through individual WhatsApp in each Wednesday of the week for 12 weeks. Each of the short video will contain subtopics of the educational module and each video will be around two to three minutes. After the video shared to the participants, they are encouraged to ask any questions related to the content of the video.
Treatment group that will receive Treatment B for 14 days, followed by Treatment A for 14 days. There will be a minimum 7 day washout between Treatments. Lamelleye Dry Eye Drops and Optive Plus will be administered to all subjects in this arm. Treatments will be self-administered at least 3 times a day.
Two cohorts of CTX-471 (0.3 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg) in combination with pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA® ) (400 mg) in three tumor type subgroups. Cohort 1 - Group 1A - NSCLC , Group 1B -SCLC and Group 1C - Melanoma. Cohort 2 Group 2A - NSCLC, Group 2B - SCLC and Group 2C -Melanoma.
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become the leading cause of death worldwide. High muscle mass can reduce the incidence and mortality of CVD. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the relationship between intrinsic capacity (IC) and CVD. This study aims to explore the relationship between the decline of IC, muscle strength, and muscle quality in older patients with CVD, providing a new method and basis for early recognition of IC decline in the older adults.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 475 older individuals from communities in Zhejiang. General data were collected, and a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) was conducted. Participants with CVD were divided into three groups: IC retention, IC impairment, and IC significantly impaired. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurements were completed. Student's t-test or non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney) were used to analyze the correlation between IC and muscle-related indicators. The best cutoff values were obtained using ROC curve analysis.
RESULTS: Compared to non-CVD patients, CVD patients were older, more educated, and had higher rates of polypharmacy and comorbidity. IC decreased more significantly in CVD patients. Age (P=0.001), Fried (P=0.024), and GDS-5 (P=0.002) increased with the severity of IC decline. ADL (P=0.002), MMSE (P=0.000), MNA-SF (P=0.000), SARC-Calf (P=0.026), waist circumference (P=0.037), and muscle quality (P=0.010) decreased with the decline in IC. When IC decreased, the cutoff values for hand grip strength, waist circumference, and muscle quality were 25.45 kg, 72.55 cm, and 3.05, respectively. When IC decreased significantly, the cutoff values were 17.15 kg, 71.55 cm, and 2.28, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that in patients with CVD, the hand grip strength and muscle quality of patients with IC injury were lower than those of patients with IC retention.
A substantially pure protein that is a member of the apoptotic Ced-3/Ice cysteine protease gene family, Mch2 DOLLAR g(a), and an inactive isoform of it, Mch2 DOLLAR g(b), are disclosed. Isolated nucleic acid molecules that encode Mch2 DOLLAR g(a) and Mch2 DOLLAR g(b), respectively, are disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in combination with the protein or the nucleic acid molecules are disclosed. Fragments of nucleic acid molecules that encode Mch2 DOLLAR g(a) and Mch2 DOLLAR g(b) having at least 10 nucleotides and oligonucleotide molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence of at least 10 nucleotides are disclosed. Recombinant expression vectors that comprise the nucleic acid molecule that encode Mch2 DOLLAR g(a) or Mch2 DOLLAR g(b), and host cells that comprise such recombinant vectors are disclosed. Antibodies that bind to an epitope on Mch2 DOLLAR g(a) and/or Mch2 DOLLAR g(b) are disclosed. Methods of identifying inhibitors, activators and substrates of Mch2 DOLLAR g(a) are disclosed. Antisense compounds and methods of using the same are disclosed.
Lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension.

These fixed-dose combinations are not indicated for initial therapy (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

In using lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide tablets, consideration should be given to the fact that an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that lisinopril does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.)

In considering the use of lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide tablets, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (see WARNINGS, Angioedema).
The invention discloses application of a heart and stomach pain relieving preparation in preparing drugs treating cerebrovascular and related diseases. The cerebrovascular diseases include stroke, stroke sequelae, ischemia, reperfusion injury, thrombosis and infarction. Specifically, the heart and stomach pain relieving preparation is a Chinese medicinal preparation made by combining a Chinese medicinal raw material Litsea lancilimba or a Litsea lancilimba effective component extract with borneol and pharmaceutic adjuvants. The invention provides new medicinal use of the heart and stomach pain relieving preparation in preparing drugs treating cerebrovascular and related diseases. And animal experiments prove that the preparation has exact curative effects in treatment of cerebrovascular and related diseases. Thus, the invention provides a new medication option for patients.
Any PD-1 inhibitor that is commercially available, government approved and publicly funded. Dose as recommended by the manufacturer.
The control group will be treated according to local protocol. Unless contra-indicated, patients experiencing moderate to severe anxiety before undergoing ICA may receive preprocedural oxazepam (10 mg, oral) at the day care unit and diazepam (5 mg, intravenous) before arterial puncture at the catheterization room at nurses and physicians discretion. In patients planned for coronary function testing, benzodiazepines are withheld per protocol.
All the enrolled patients were treated with CT-guided radioactive I-125 seeds implantation assisted by 3D printing template. Prescription dose 140-160gy.
Cardiac function should be continually monitored during the procedure in patients found to have hypertension or cardiac decompensation.

Postoperative confusional states may occur during the recovery period. (See SPECIAL NOTE).

Respiratory depression may occur with overdosage or too rapid a rate of administration of ketamine, in which case supportive ventilation should be employed. Mechanical support of respiration is preferred to administration of analeptics.

Pediatric Neurotoxicity

Published animal studies demonstrate that the administration of anesthetic and sedation drugs that block NMDA receptors and/or potentiate GABA activity increase neuronal apoptosis in the developing brain and result in long-term cognitive deficits when used for longer than 3 hours. The clinical significance of these findings is not clear. However, based on the available data, the window of vulnerability to these changes is believed to correlate with exposures in the third trimester of gestation through the first several months of life, but may extend out to approximately three years of age in humans. (See PRECAUTIONS/Pregnancy).

Some published studies in children suggest that similar deficits may occur after repeated or prolonged exposures to anesthetic agents early in life and may result in adverse cognitive or behavioral effects. These studies have substantial limitations, and it is not clear if the observed effects are due to the anesthetic/sedation drug administration or other factors such as the surgery or underlying illness.

Anesthetic and sedation drugs are a necessary part of the care of children needing surgery, other procedures, or tests that cannot be delayed, and no specific medications have been shown to be safer than any other. Decisions regarding the timing of any elective procedures requiring anesthesia should take into consideration the benefits of the procedure weighed against the potential risks.
Warfarin is a highly effective oral anticoagulant that is increasingly prescribed in the United States. It has a narrow therapeutic window, however, that represents an inherent limitation, such that insufficient and excessive levels of anticoagulation are associated with elevated risks of thrombosis and bleeding particularly frequent early in the initial dose-finding phase of therapy. Typically, anticoagulation is achieved through empiric dosing and titration with consideration of certain variables and frequent assessment of the international normalized ratio (INR). Despite these precautions, conventional dosing strategies are associated with therapeutic levels of anticoagulation only about half the time on treatment. Recently, genetic variants, specifically variations in the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes, have been identified that affect warfarin dose requirements, prompting the expectation that gene-based dosing strategies may maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing the risks associated with dosing errors. While the association between variation in these genes and differences in warfarin dose requirements has been identified, the specific contribution of allelic variation to the response to warfarin administration has not been thoroughly identified. The investigators therefore seek to assess the impact of allelic variation on warfarin dose-response relationships in a group of healthy subjects. The investigators hypothesize that genetic variation in the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 enzymes will result in differences in the warfarin dose-response relationships when accounting for non-genetic factors that can affect the pharmacokinetics of warfarin and its effect on coagulation.
spondyloarthritis are treated in first intention by NSAIDs but in case of inefficacity biotherapies that inhib the TNF are used. Adalimumab is the most used anti TNF in this indication. Monoclonal antibody uses in therapy is immunogene, and there is a clear link between increase of anti drug antibody and in one hand decrease of drug serum concentration and in an other failure of the therapeutic response. With adalimumab there is an apparition of ADAb in 30%. There are reports suggesting that adding methotrexate to the therapy in a specific timeline allow to prevent the immunization. A previous study shows that association in long terms between methotrexate and adalimumab induce less immunized patients. The investigator's goal is to assess if two methotrexate subcutaneous injections at day 1 and 2 could prevent anti adalimumab antibodies formation.
PURPOSE:To obtain the titled transparent soft capsule stable to light and having beautiful appearance, by coating a drug containing riboflavin butyrate useful as a remedy for arteriosclerosis and a tocopherol compound with a film-forming agent containing a specific pigment. CONSTITUTION:A drug containing riboflavin butyrate and a tocopherol compound is coated with a film-forming agent containing a pigment capable of absorbing the light of 300-500nm, preferably 400-500nm in wavelength (e.g. Food Yellow 5, Food Yellow 4, beta-carotene, etc.). Food Yellow 5 is especially suitable as the pigment. The addition of the pigment of the film-forming agent enables to avoid the decomposition of riboflavin butyrate simultaneously to the melanization caused by the photo-reduction reaction of riboflavin butyrate with tocopherol. The tocopherol is effective to mitigate the disorder of the peripheral blood flow.
The  invention  relates  to  a  nitroglycerin  pump  spray containing 0.2 to 3.5% by wt. of nitroglycerin and up to 3% by wt. of customary additives such as flavouring agent or antioxidants and a liquid phase consisting of aliphatic C2 to C4 alcohols and a vehicle.  The liquid phase consists of 10 to 40% by wt. of ethyl alcohol and 90 to 60% by wt. of a neutral oil.  Preferably the liquid phase consists of 15 to 30% by wt. of ethyl alcohol and 85 to 70% by wt. of a neutral oil.  The neutral oil can be a saturated natural oil or a C8 to C12 fatty acid triglyceride.
The researchers will enroll 120 infants and their mothers (120 dyads, 240 total participants). The researchers anticipate, based on prior experience and the slightly more restrictive inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study compared to our prior work, needing to screen about 600 mother-infant dyads to achieve the target sample size of 120. The researchers anticipate that the sample will be 63% non-Hispanic white, 13% non-Hispanic black, 4% non-Hispanic Asian, 12% non-Hispanic multiracial, and 8% Hispanic (any race). The researchers expect that 50% of the infants will be male and 50% female, and all of the biological mothers will be female sex. Infants will be 0.5-1.5 months at enrollment and the researchers estimate that mothers will be between 18.0 and 50.0 at enrollment (upper age limit is estimated due to menopause ).