anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
About 90% of a therapeutic dose of ursodiol is absorbed in the small bowel after oral administration. After absorption, ursodiol enters the portal vein and undergoes efficient extraction from portal blood by the liver (i.e., there is a large "first-pass" effect) where it is conjugated with either glycine or taurine and is then secreted into the hepatic bile ducts. Ursodiol in bile is concentrated in the gallbladder and expelled into the duodenum in gallbladder bile via the cystic and common ducts by gallbladder contractions provoked by physiologic responses to eating. Only small quantities of ursodiol appear in the systemic circulation and very small amounts are excreted into urine. The sites of the drug's therapeutic actions are in the liver, bile, and gut lumen.

Beyond conjugation, ursodiol is not altered or catabolized appreciably by the liver or intestinal mucosa. A small proportion of orally administered drug undergoes bacterial degradation with each cycle of enterohepatic circulation. Ursodiol can be both oxidized and reduced at the 7-carbon, yielding either 7-keto-lithocholic acid or lithocholic acid, respectively. Further, there is some bacterially catalyzed deconjugation of glyco- and tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid in the small bowel. Free ursodiol, 7-keto-lithocholic acid, and lithocholic acid are relatively insoluble in aqueous media and larger proportions of these compounds are lost from the distal gut into the feces. Reabsorbed free ursodiol is reconjugated by the liver. Eighty percent of lithocholic acid formed in the small bowel is excreted in the feces, but the 20% that is absorbed is sulfated at the 3-hydroxyl group in the liver to relatively insoluble lithocholyl conjugates which are excreted into bile and lost in feces. Absorbed 7-keto-lithocholic acid is stereospecifically reduced in the liver to chenodiol.

Lithocholic acid causes cholestatic liver injury and can cause death from liver failure in certain species unable to form sulfate conjugates. Lithocholic acid is formed by 7-dehydroxylation of the dihydroxy bile acids (ursodiol and chenodiol) in the gut lumen. The 7-dehydroxylation reaction appears to be alpha-specific, i.e., chenodiol is more efficiently 7-dehydroxylated than ursodiol and, for equimolar doses of ursodiol and chenodiol, levels of lithocholic acid appearing in bile are lower with the former. Man has the capacity to sulfate lithocholic acid. Although liver injury has not been associated with ursodiol therapy, a reduced capacity to sulfate may exist in some individuals, but such a deficiency has not yet been clearly demonstrated.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD for short, will be 3rd biggest killer in the world by 2020. The major cause of this disease is cigarette smoking, but only about 15-20% of smokers will develop COPD. In this disease, the lung becomes damaged and patients can not breathe properly. This damage can not be repaired therefore at the moment there are no good treatements for COPD. By the time a patient visits their doctor with symptoms the damage is already done. Therefore in this study we want to look at the lungs of smokers that feel well and can breathe normally. We believe that much of the damage to the lung in COPD is caused by inflammation. In particular, there are more inflammatory cells called macrophages in the lungs of these patients. These macrophages normally protect the lung when we inhale particles like dust and are also inportant to fight infections. In COPD, these macrophages are out of control and produce huge amounts of enzymes that break down lung tissue and more proteins that cause inflammation. We want to see if we can find these macrophages in the lungs of smokers before they get COPD. Recently, a 5 and a half year study showed that some smokers that can breathe normally have increased inflammation in their lungs. This can be seen using a scan called a CT scan. On the CT scan, these areas look like spots. When these smokers had another scan 5 and half years later, in some cases these spots had become holes in their lung. This is called emphysema and is one of the characteristics of COPD. We want to know whether the macrophages in these smokers cause this damage. If this is the case, we have two separate findings from this study. Firstly, we could look at macrophages and predict which smokers will develop COPD and secondly, try and develop new treatments to stop the macrophages from producing all proteins that cause inflammation.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between maternal cervical cancer (CC) screening status and child human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake. To understand if child sex or social deprivation index (SDI) modify this association.
METHODS: We used a national cohort of children linked to at least one parent using electronic health record (EHR) data from a network of community health centers across the United States. We used SDI scores and child sex as moderating variables. We performed the analysis (1) for the whole sample (with SDI and child sex added as covariates), (2) stratified by SDI quartile (with child sex added as a covariate), and (3) stratified by SDI quartile and child sex, to examine whether associations vary by SDI quartile and by child sex.
RESULTS: N = 52,919 linked mother-child pairs. Mother's receipt of CC screening was positively associated with the linked child's odds of receiving HPV vaccination [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32, 1.47]. Neither sex or SDI modified this association. There were no significant differences in odds of HPV vaccination in children between SDI quartiles or between male and female children.
CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: An effective way to improve rates of HPV vaccination among children and adolescents may be to target attention towards increasing CC screening rates among mothers. Further, focusing resources and efforts on CC screenings and care of both mothers and their children may be more worthwhile than isolated efforts targeting HPV vaccination for children and adolescents.
The experimental arm of this study will involve all patients in this study. Subjects will be evaluated in a clinical setting and undergo a brief healthcare questionnaire, blood work, and a breath test. Subjects will then take a medical food (EnteraGam) twice daily for 8 weeks total, after which they will be seen in clinic at 4 weeks for follow up and then at 8 weeks to repeat the healthcare questionnaire, breath tests, and blood draw.
The present invention discloses prepared rehmannia root tea. The present invention is mainly prepared by the method that prepared rehmannia roots, jujube seeds, finelydivided phtheirospermum roots, fengwei ginseng and crystal sugar are proportioned according to certain weight. The health care has the effects of QI and blood benefiting, liver nourishing for improving eyesight, tranquilization and intelligence promotion. The present invention has the advantages of low cost, good effect, reasonable formula, simple preparation, easy preservation, use in four seasons, disease treatment, health care, convenient drinking and good mouth feel. The present invention is suitable for patients who have the disease symptoms of neurasthenia, light headedness, insomnia amnesia, soreness and weakness of waists and knees, heart failure, cough, sputum mixed with blood, dizziness and tinnitus, palpitation palmus, arthralgia and myalgia, etc. The present invention is a quite ideal health care product for drinking.
Metabolic diseases result from interactions between genetic and lifestyle factors. Understanding the combined influences of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and lifestyle is crucial. This study employs genetic risk scores (GRS) to assess SNPs, providing insight beyond single gene/SNP studies by revealing synergistic effects. Here, we aim to investigate the association of a 23-SNP GRS with metabolic disease-related traits (obesity and type 2 diabetes) to understand if these associations are altered by lifestyle/dietary factors. For this study, 106 Minangkabau women were included and underwent physical, anthropometric, biochemical, dietary and genetic evaluations. The interaction of GRS with lifestyle factors was analyzed using linear regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. No statistically significant associations were observed between GRS and metabolic traits; however, this study demonstrates a novel interaction observed between 13-SNP GRS and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake, and that it had an effect on HbA1c levels (p = 0.026). Minangkabau women with low MUFA intake (≤7.0 g/day) and >13 risk alleles had significantly higher HbA1c levels (p = 0.010). This finding has implications for public health, suggesting the need for large-scale studies to confirm our results before implementing dietary interventions in the Indonesian population. Identifying genetic influences on dietary response can inform personalized nutrition strategies to reduce the risk of metabolic disease.
Capecitabine daily dose divided and given twice daily orally, for 14 days, every 21 days. The capecitabine starting dose for the monotherapy arm was 2500 mg/m2. Randomization is 1:1.
BACKGROUND: Gender bias exists in healthcare and affects how pain is assessed and managed. This bias affects patient outcomes and their trust in healthcare professionals. We also know that future clinicians develop their attitudes early in training. Medical school is therefore an opportunity to shape the values of future doctors and to combat systemic gender bias in healthcare. This systematic review aims to explore medical student perceptions of the relationship between patients' gender and their pain, so that recommendations can be made for developing medical education.
METHODS: Embase, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, LILACS, Global Index Medicus, PakMediNet and ERIC were searched for articles relating to medical student perceptions of gender and pain, with no geographical or language limitations. Quality was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Index and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist.
RESULTS: Nine publications were identified, two qualitative and seven quantitative. All studies had methodological limitations. Many different study designs were used, although most involved simulated patients. All studies referred to gender as binary. Multiple studies found that women's pain is more likely to be underestimated by medical students and that the patient's gender drives different approaches during clinical history taking, examination and management in these simulated situations. Only one study found no effect of patients' gender on students' perception of their pain.
CONCLUSIONS: Whilst there is a paucity of high-quality studies in this area, patients' gender was found to affect how their pain is perceived by medical students. No studies explored where students' attitudes towards gender and pain arise from, and few involved 'real life situations'. We propose that further work into medical student perceptions in 'real situations' is needed. This will help to inform how undergraduate medical education can be developed to tackle gender bias, and ultimately improve outcomes for patients.
For arm 2, half of the patients will receive placebo for the first 6 months of the study. There will be a one month washout period before starting on TDF/FTC (a combination of Tenofovir \[TDF\] and Emtricitabine \[FTC\]) for 6 months.
The present invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine combination for treating hemorrhoid and the preparation technology therefor. The traditional Chinese medicine combination belongs to the field of pharmaceutical manufacturing technology and is mainly characterized by comprising 150-200 parts of ramulus mori, 150-200 parts of willow branches and leaves, 150-200 parts of pagoda tree branches and leaves, 50 parts of Chinese honey locust thorns, 15 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 5 parts of Artemisia argyi, 10 parts of garlic flakes, 50 parts of edible salt and 150 parts of edible vinegar. The above raw materials are air-dried and decocted in water to prepare the traditional Chinese medicine combination. The traditional Chinese medicine combination has fewer compositions and the medicinal materials of the traditional Chinese medicine combination are reasonably collocated. Meanwhile, the traditional Chinese medicine combination is simple in preparation process. The results of clinical tests show that, the traditional Chinese medicine combination has the effects of anti-inflammation, relieving pain, relieving itching, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. During the diseased period and the recovery period of hemorrhoid, the results of human trials show that, the traditional Chinese medicine combination is better in treatment effect on swelling and itching caused by hemorrhoid, and the cure rate of the traditional Chinese medicine combination is up to over 80 %. The effective rate of the traditional Chinese medicine combination is up to over 90 %. Meanwhile, the traditional Chinese medicine combination is very small in toxic and side effect.
Standard Balloon Catheter angioplasty in the SFA/PPA at the index procedure. Subjects will be randomized 3:1 to the drug coated or standard angioplasty balloon.
The surgeon(s) will visually identify the abnormal lesion. A Wide Local Excision with 5 mm margins will be made through the dermis per standard of care.
This protocol is a prospective, interventional, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled longitudinal study designed to investigate the microbiomic and immunologic perturbations that lead to vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in women who receive antibiotics. VVC is the most common fungal infection affecting women. Although asymptomatic vaginal Candida colonization occurs in \~10-20% of healthy women, \~75% of women will experience at least one episode of symptomatic VVC during their lifetime. Nonetheless, the local mucosal factors that allow Candida to convert from a commensal organism to an opportunistic pathogen are not well defined. Antibiotic use (particularly beta-lactams) is a well-recognized risk factor for the development of VVC in healthy women, suggesting that alterations in the endogenous vaginal microbial flora results in deregulation of local mucosal anti-Candida immune responses. However, which commensal vaginal microbiota are important for protection against Candida infection, and the mechanism(s) whereby vaginal microbiota influence the local mucosal immune response against Candida, remain unknown.

To address these questions, healthy women of reproductive age will receive a 10-day course of amoxicillin (a broad-spectrum, beta-lactam antibiotic) or a placeboand will undergo vaginal sampling for microbiomic and immunologic analyses before, during and after antibiotic administration over a 90-day period. The hypothesis of this study is that women who develop amoxicillin-associated VVC will have a characteristic microbiomic profile (as compared to women with absent or asymptomatic Candida colonization) with associated impairment in local mucosal anti-Candida immune responses. The aim of this study is to elucidate the vaginal microbiomic and immunologic perturbations that allow Candida to transition from commensal to pathogen in the context of antibiotic administration. A better understanding of the role of specific microbiota and mucosal immune factors in averting Candida infection may lead to the design of targeted preventive and/or therapeutic interventions against VVC.
Between May 2021 and December 2024, patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) for a duration exceeding three days were included in the study. Specifically, patients diagnosed with sepsis were selected based on the 2005 international standard for childhood sepsis, the 2012 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for pediatric sepsis, and the 2015 expert consensus on sepsis criteria for Chinese children with septic shock. The age range of the patients included in the study varied from 1 month to 16 years old.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intracoronary pressure gradients and translesional flow patterns have been correlated with coronary plaque progression and lesion destabilization. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between endothelial shear stress and plaque progression and to evaluate the effect of shear forces on coronary plaque features.
METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in medical on-line databases. Selected were studies including human participants who underwent coronary anatomy assessment with computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based wall shear stress (WSS) calculation at baseline with anatomical evaluation at follow-up. A total of six studies were included for data extraction and analysis.
RESULTS: The meta-analysis encompassed 31'385 arterial segments from 136 patients. Lower translesional WSS values were significantly associated with a reduction in lumen area (mean difference -0.88, 95% CI -1.13 to -0.62), an increase in plaque burden (mean difference 4.32, 95% CI 1.65 to 6.99), and an increase in necrotic core area (mean difference 0.02, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.03) at follow-up imaging. Elevated WSS values were associated with an increase in lumen area (mean difference 0.78, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.21) and a reduction in both fibrofatty (mean difference -0.02, 95% CI -0.03 to -0.01) and fibrous plaque areas (mean difference -0.03, 95% CI -0.03 to -0.03).
CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis shows that WSS parameters were related to vulnerable plaque features at follow-up. These results emphasize the impact of endothelial shear forces on coronary plaque growth and composition. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the role of WSS in guiding clinical decision-making.
The present invention discloses giant knotweed capsules for treating hepatitis B and a preparing method thereof. The Chinese medicine is composed of 11 raw material medicines, such as giant knotweed, ants, isatis roots, artemisiae scopariae, astragalus roots, wolfberry fruits, red sage roots, schisandra fruits, bupleurum roots, jujube, notoginseng, etc. The preparing method comprises: mixing the poached concentrated solution of the ants, the poached concentrated solution of the astragalus roots, the wolfberry fruits and the jujube and the concentrated solution extracted from the giant knotweed, the isatis roots, the red sage roots, the schisandra fruits, the bupleurum roots, the artemisiae scopariae by using ethanol; mixing the mixture with ant powder and notoginseng powder; carrying out drying. The Chinese medicine provided by the present invention has the advantages of proper preparation, exact effect, small toxic and side function, safe medication, good curative effect and good biologic utilization prospect, and can treat both manifestation causes and root causes of diseases. Additionally, the resource of the ants is effectively developed. In the preparation method, the ants are pre-treated and processed, and extraction and separation are respectively carried out according to the physicochemical property of the effective components in medicinal materials, such as liver protection, transaminase lowering, body immune function improvement, etc. Residue can be used as auxiliary materials, and the content of the major components can be increased to improve curative effect and save cost.
Both tolerance and physical dependence can develop during use of opioid therapy.

Tolerance is a physiological state characterized by a reduced response to a drug after repeated administration (i.e., a higher dose of a drug is required to produce the same effect that was once obtained at a lower dose).

Physical dependence is a state that develops as a result of a physiological adaptation in response to repeated drug use, manifested by withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dose reduction of a drug.

Withdrawal may be precipitated through the administration of drugs with opioid antagonist activity (e.g., naloxone), mixed agonist/antagonist analgesics (e.g., pentazocine, butorphanol, nalbuphine), or partial agonists (e.g., buprenorphine). Physical dependence may not occur to a clinically significant degree until after several days to weeks of continued use.

Do not abruptly discontinue DILAUDID Oral Solution and DILAUDID Tablets in a patient physically dependent on opioids. Rapid tapering of DILAUDID Oral Solution and DILAUDID Tablets in a patient physically dependent on opioids may lead to serious withdrawal symptoms, uncontrolled pain, and suicide. Rapid discontinuation has also been associated with attempts to find other sources of opioid analgesics, which may be confused with drug-seeking for abuse.

When discontinuing DILAUDID Oral Solution and DILAUDID Tablets, gradually taper the dosage using a patient-specific plan that considers the following: the dose of DILAUDID Oral Solution and DILAUDID Tablets the patient has been taking, the duration of treatment, and the physical and psychological attributes of the patient. To improve the likelihood of a successful taper and minimize withdrawal symptoms, it is important that the opioid tapering schedule is agreed upon by the patient. In patients taking opioids for an extended period of time at high doses, ensure that a multimodal approach to pain management, including mental health support (if needed), is in place prior to initiating an opioid analgesic taper [see Dosage and Administration (2.7), Warnings and Precautions (5.14)].

Infants born to mothers physically dependent on opioids will also be physically dependent and may exhibit respiratory difficulties and withdrawal signs [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Oral care compositions containing agents that are effective for treating and modifying teeth and mucosal surfaces to be hydrophobic are disclosed. Hydrophobic modification of teeth and other oral cavity surfaces imparts a variety of end use benefits including prevention of caries, erosion, wear, staining, sensitivity and desquamation as well as providing shine, smoothness and positive tooth feel benefits. The compositions contain selected surface active organophosphate compounds that deposit and adhere to teeth and other oral cavity surfaces forming a hydrophobic coating having prolonged retention thereon. By forming a “hydrophobic coating” on the oral cavity surface is meant that the hydrophobic character of the surface is increased as measured, for example, by an increase of at least about 10 degrees in the water contact angle of the surface after treatment. The increased hydrophobic character of the surface is maintained for a period of at least about 5 minutes and desirably longer such as at least about 10, at least about 20 or at least about 30 minutes. The compositions may contain additional hydrophobic materials to further increase hydrophobicity of the surface and/or functionality of the coating to provide surface protection and many other benefits.
Participants will use AIDANET system during a 3 days/2 nights hotel admission. Participants will continue to use the AIDANET system at home for 7 days/6 nights and then will complete 7 days/6 nights at home usual care period using their personal equipment.
From 2011, patients insured at "Techniker" health insurance company with diagnosed coronary heart disease, heart failure and/or diabetes mellitus are being included in a 6-months training program. Training is performed 3 times weekly for 6 weeks, then twice weekly for another 6 weeks, while patients are asked to do home based training. The last phase of 12 weeks, supervised training is only once/week. Patients are asked to perform exercise training 3-5 times weekly. At the beginning as well as after 3 and 6 months, patients present for medical check-up with cardiorespiratory exercise testing from which training instructions are drawn. Training-intensity begins with moderate continuous training and switches to higher intensity interval training after 6 weeks. Resistance training starts after 6 weeks and is performed within the supervised training. All patients were offered an individual nutritional counseling.