anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The definition of cachexia has not been fully elucidated, but there are many similar parameters and guidelines associated with identifying patients with cachexia. Cachexia is a clinical diagnosis associated with weight loss, decreased muscle mass (sarcopenia), decreased strength, fatigue, and an increased inflammatory state. Patients with cachexia have a poorer prognosis than patients who have maintained their weight. Also, patients who have lost weight prior to initiating definitive therapy have worse side effects from subsequent therapy.

This study involves no treatment or invasive procedures. The chart review will attempt to characterize lung and gastrointestinal cancer related cachexia in the setting of a palliative care clinic including both primary treatment and treatment at the time of recurrence. Interventions in cachectic patients for weight control including nutritional support and supplements, pain control, anti-inflammatory medications, and appetite stimulants will be tracked along with clinical markers including weight and laboratory values.
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by maternal hypertension and placental dysfunction, often leading to fetal growth restriction (FGR). It is associated with an overexpression of the anti-angiogenic sFLT1 protein, which originates from the placenta and serves as a clinical biomarker to predict PE. To analyze the impact of sFLT1 on placental function and fetal growth, we generated transgenic mice with placenta-specific human sFLT1 (hsFLT1) overexpression. Immunohistochemical, morphometrical, and molecular analyses of the placentas on 14.5 dpc and 18.5 dpc were performed with a focus on angiogenesis, nutrient transport, and inflammation. Additionally, fetal development upon placental hsFLT1 overexpression was investigated. Dams exhibited a mild increase in serum hsFLT1 levels upon placental hsFLT1 expression and revealed growth restriction of the fetuses in a sex-specific manner. Male FGR fetuses expressed higher amounts of placental hsFLT1 mRNA compared to females. FGR placentas displayed an altered morphology, hallmarked by an increase in the spongiotrophoblast layer and changes in labyrinthine vascularization. Further, FGR placentas showed a significant reduction in placental glycogen storage and nutrient transporter expression. Moreover, signs of hypoxia and inflammation were observed in FGR placentas. The transgenic spongiotrophoblast-specific hsFLT1 mouse line demonstrates that low hsFLT1 serum levels are sufficient to induce significant alterations in fetal and placental development in a sex-specific manner.
Participants will undergo activity monitoring for 12 weeks, at baseline and once a year for 3 years. Patient reported outcomes will be collected including Quality of Life questionnaires \[emphasis-10, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLHF), and SF-36 surveys\], medication changes, hospitalization, and death.
Participants will be given the probiotic supplement Lp299v. The supplement is taken by mouth in the form of capsules. Participants will undergo a screening visit. After 7-11 weeks of taking Lp299v, they will return for their final visit. Blood will be drawn before and after the 7- 11 week intervention.
BACKGROUND: Retinoblastoma (RB) is an intraocular malignant tumor detected in early childhood with variable global impact. Histopathological classification of the tumor in enucleated globes with RB is the key for the decision of adjuvant chemotherapy use. We aim to validate the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in cases with combined pre-laminar/intralaminar optic nerve (ON) invasion and focal choroidal invasion according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th classification.
METHODS: This is a retrospective study conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) and King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia of all RB cases who underwent enucleation over 22 years (2000 to 2021). The histopathological findings were reviewed to identify the enucleated globes classified as pT2a tumors, as an inclusion criterion. Basic demographic and clinical data were collected via chart review Simple descriptive and basic statistical analysis of the data was used where applicable.
RESULTS: Thirty-one patients who had an enucleated globe with RB that fit into the above classification were included. Sixteen were males and 15 were females. The median age was 14 months (IQR = 14 months). Most of the patients (93.5%) had no family history of RB. The commonest presentation was leukocoria in 87.1% followed by squint in 32.3%. Fourteen patients (45.2%) were treated by enucleation alone while 17 patients (54.8%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Out of these, 7 patients had unilateral RB and the remaining 10 patients had bilateral RB. None of our patients developed recurrence or metastatic disease irrespective of the indication for adjuvant chemotherapy use after a maximum period of follow up reaching 17.84 years and a median of 10.6 years (IQR = 5.92).
CONCLUSIONS: In patients with 8th AJCC histopathological classification of pT2a, chemotherapy following enucleation might not be justified. The outcome in our untreated group of patients did not differ from the treated group with the absence of metastasis after a relatively long period of follow up with a median exceeding 10 years in both groups. Therefore, the risk and benefit of post enucleation adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of unilateral RB should be carefully decided and discussed with the primary caregivers taking into consideration the most recent evidence and recommendations in the literature.
PURPOSE:To obtain a new compound excellent in suppressive effect on inflammatory reaction caused by factors secreted from a leukocyte and having a suppressive effect on the adhesion of an activated leukocyte on cells at affected sites and accordingly capable of suppressing inflammation at any stage of an inflammatory disease caused by a leukocyte. CONSTITUTION:This is a compound of formula I (R is H, a 1-10C normal alkyl, a 3-10 branched alkyl, phenethyl, etc.) or its salt, e.g. 2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)-1-n-propylhypoxantine. The compound is obtained as follows. 4-Amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide of formula II is made to react with benzaldehyde and benzyl chloride successively. The reaction product is subjected to an acid treatment and the product is made to react with 3,5-di-t-butyl-4- methoxymethyloxybenzoyl chloride to obtain a compound of formula IIO. The obtained compound is treated with a base, further made to react with a p- toluenesulfonic acid alkyl eater, etc., to obtain a compound of formula IV. The obtained product is treated with an acid and subjected to reduction successively to obtain the objective compound.
The active component of RELENZA is zanamivir. The chemical name of zanamivir is 5-(acetylamino)-4-[(aminoiminomethyl)-amino]-2,6-anhydro-3,4,5-trideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enonic acid. It has a molecular formula of C12H20N4O7 and a molecular weight of 332.3. It has the following structural formula:

Zanamivir is a white to off-white powder for oral inhalation with a solubility of approximately 18 mg/mL in water at 20°C.

RELENZA is for administration to the respiratory tract by oral inhalation only. Each RELENZA ROTADISK contains 4 regularly spaced double-foil blisters with each blister containing a powder mixture of 5 mg of zanamivir and 20 mg of lactose (which contains milk proteins). The contents of each blister are inhaled using a specially designed breath-activated plastic device for inhaling powder called the DISKHALER. After a RELENZA ROTADISK is loaded into the DISKHALER, a blister that contains medication is pierced and the zanamivir is dispersed into the air stream created when the patient inhales through the mouthpiece. The amount of drug delivered to the respiratory tract will depend on patient factors such as inspiratory flow. Under standardized in vitro testing, RELENZA ROTADISK delivers 4 mg of zanamivir from the DISKHALER device when tested at a pressure drop of 3 kPa (corresponding to a flow rate of about 62 to 65 L/min) for 3 seconds.
Benign breast pain is a common complaint of women in western countries. As many as 41-69% of women reported having mastalgia sufficient to interfere with their daily routines. Approximately 8-10% of premenopausal women suffer monthly from moderate to severe breast pain.Tamoxifen has previously been found to be effective in reducing premenstrual mastalgia. We showed that another triphenylethylene derivative, toremifene, significantly alleviated cyclical breast pain as compared to placebo. In this study women suffering from cyclical breast pain are randomly allocated to receive toremifene (20mg) or placebo during the luteal phase for three consecutive cycles. The patients are then crossed over after a wash-out period to placebo or toremifene, respectively. The MRI investigations are made at two occasions during the premenstrual period after three cycles of toremifene and after three cycles of placebo.
A computing device and a three-dimensional printer are disclosed. Data associated with reference anatomical properties is accessed by the computing device to generate a set of 3D printing files. The 3D printing files are compiled using the computing device to generate a printing model defining an anatomic orientation corresponding to the reference anatomical properties. Printing parameters and materials for the printing model are configured referencing experimentally derived datasets that define predetermined settings for the printing parameters and materials that are suitable for constructing a synthetic anatomical model with properties related to the reference anatomical properties. A synthetic model is printed using the printing parameters and materials as configured. The printing parameters and materials may be modified as desired subsequent to biomechanical testing of the model. Additional synthetic anatomical components may be added to or included with the model during post-processing, or before or during formation of the model.
Salicate™ is for external use only. It is not for ophthalmic, oral, anal, or intravaginal use. Contact with eyes, lips, broken or inflamed skin, and mucous membranes should be avoided. Salicate™ should not be used by persons who have a known hypersensitivity to salicylic acid or other listed ingredients. Prolonged use over large areas, especially in children and those patients with significant renal or hepatic impairment, could result in salicylism. Concomitant use of other drugs which may contribute to elevated serum salicylate levels should be avoided where the potential for toxicity is present. In children under 12 years of age and those patients with renal or hepatic impairment, the area to be treated should be limited, and the patient should be monitored closely for signs of salicylate toxicity: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, loss of hearing, tinnitus, lethargy, hyperpnoea, diarrhea, psychic disturbances. 

In the event of salicylic acid toxicity, Salicate™ should be discontinued. Fluids should be administered to promote urinary excretion. Treatment with sodium bicarbonate (oral or intravenous) should be instituted as appropriate. Considering the potential risk of developing Reye's syndrome, salicylate products should not be administered to children or teenagers with varicella or influenza, unless directed by a physician. When using this product, skin irritation and dryness is more likely to occur if you use another topical acne medication at the same time. If irritation occurs, only use one topical acne medication at a time. Applying the serum more than once per week will increase the risk of skin sensitivity.
The conventional solution to complete edentulism is the use of complete removable dentures. One negative effect of edentulism is resorption of the edentulous ridge over time. Construction of a successful mandibular complete denture for patients with advanced mandibular ridge resorption is often difficult and on some occasions virtually impossible. It has been proved that when implants are placed, bone gets stimulated resulting in minimal bone loss. But anatomic limitations to implant placement have been observed in atrophic ridges, so short implants introduced as a recent alternative to aggressive surgical procedures proposed to compensate for tissue deficiency. Also, Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has proven success in improving implant stability which is very crucial in short implants. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the treatment outcome of mandibular overdenture assisted by two short implants versus that assisted by four short implants in combination with LLLT.
Leucovorin rescue should begin as soon as possible after an inadvertent overdosage and within 24 hours of methotrexate administration when there is delayed excretion (see WARNINGS). Leucovorin calcium for injection 10 mg/m2 should be administered IV, IM, or PO every 6 hours until the serum methotrexate level is less than 10-8 M. In the presence of gastrointestinal toxicity, nausea, or vomiting, leucovorin calcium for injection should be administered parenterally. Do not administer leucovorin calcium for injection intrathecally. 

Serum creatinine and methotrexate levels should be determined at 24 hour intervals. If the 24 hour serum creatinine has increased 50% over baseline or if the 24 hour methotrexate level is greater than 5 x 10-6 M or the 48 hour level is greater than 9 x 10-7 M, the dose of leucovorin calcium for injection should be increased to 100 mg/m2 IV every 3 hours until the methotrexate level is less than 10-8 M. 

Hydration (3 L/d) and urinary alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate solution should be employed concomitantly. The bicarbonate dose should be adjusted to maintain the urine pH at 7.0 or greater.
Patients will be asked to consume 1 pill daily with a meal, for six months. The pills will contain 22 mg total of the carotenoids lutein (10 mg), zeaxanthin (2 mg), and mesozeaxanthin (10 mg).
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves per os administering a medicament at a dose of 70 mg/kg three times a day with 6 h long pauses. Six treatment courses are given with 30 days long pauses. The first course is given 20 days long, the second one 10 days long, the third one 10 days long, the fourth one 15 days long and the fifth one 20 days long. Forced movement modeling is administered using device for imitating walking beginning from the second biotherapy course for recovering nervous tissue. Training lessons are administered twice a day for 2.5 h. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment. 4 dwg, 1 tbl
Patients receive etanercept IV (dose 0.4 mg/kg- max 25 mg) over 30 minutes on day 0 and subcutaneously (dose 0.4 mg/kg- max 25 mg) on days 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 24. Treatment continues in the absence of an infectious pathogen, disease progression, or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also receive methylprednisolone (or corticosteroid equivalent) IV (dose 2.0 mg/kg/day) on days 0-2 and then orally with a taper beginning day 7. Dose on days 7-20 (1.0 mg/kg/day), days 21-34 (0.5 mg/kg/day), days 35-48 (0.25 mg/kg/day) and days 49-56 (0.25 mg/kg/every other day) discontinuing on day 56.
INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of sepsis associated with increased risk of death. Preclinical data and observational human studies suggest that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, an ubiquitous master regulator of energy that can limit mitochondrial injury, with metformin may protect against sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI) and mortality. The Randomized Clinical Trial of the Safety and FeasibiLity of Metformin as a Treatment for sepsis-associated AKI (LiMiT AKI) aims to evaluate the safety and feasibility of enteral metformin in patients with sepsis at risk of developing SA-AKI.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial in a single-centre, quaternary teaching hospital in the USA. We will enrol adult patients (18 years of age or older) within 48 hours of meeting Sepsis-3 criteria, admitted to intensive care unit, with oral or enteral access. Patients will be randomised 1:1:1 to low-dose metformin (500 mg two times per day), high-dose metformin (1000 mg two times per day) or placebo for 5 days. Primary safety outcome will be the proportion of metformin-associated serious adverse events. Feasibility assessment will be based on acceptability by patients and clinicians, and by enrolment rate.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board. All patients or surrogates will provide written consent prior to enrolment and any study intervention. Metformin is a widely available, inexpensive medication with a long track record for safety, which if effective would be accessible and easy to deploy. We describe the study methods using the Standard Protocol Items for Randomized Trials framework and discuss key design features and methodological decisions. LiMiT AKI will investigate the feasibility and safety of metformin in critically ill patients with sepsis at risk of SA-AKI, in preparation for a future large-scale efficacy study. Main results will be published as soon as available after final analysis.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05900284.
OBJECTIVE: Obesity as assessed by body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of chronic disease. Health fatalism, defined as the belief that health outcomes are outside of one's control, is also associated with chronic disease risk. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to understand the relationship between health fatalism and BMI in healthy adults. Secondary outcomes assessed the relationships between health fatalism and diet quality and health fatalism and physical activity.
METHOD: Healthy individuals aged 18 to 65 years were recruited via ResearchMatch, electronic mailing lists, and social media. Participants completed online questionnaires on demographic characteristics, diet quality, physical activity, and degree of health fatalism. Regression models were used to assess the primary and secondary outcomes. For the primary outcome, the model of health fatalism (predictor) and BMI (outcome) was also adjusted for diet quality, physical activity, and demographic characteristics.
RESULTS: Participants (n = 496) were 38.7 ± 14.3 years old and primarily female (76%) and White (81%), with a BMI of 25.1 ± 5.2 kg/m2. Most participants had a college or post-college education (74%), stated that they always had sufficient income to live comfortably (90%), and were moderately to highly active (91%). There was no relationship between health fatalism and BMI (p > 0.05) or health fatalism and physical activity (p > 0.05); however, there was a significant relationship between health fatalism and diet quality (beta coefficient: -0.046; 95% confidence interval, -0.086 to -0.0058; p = 0.025), such that a higher degree of fatalism predicted a slight decrease in diet quality.
CONCLUSIONS: Although health fatalism did not predict BMI in this population, fatalistic beliefs were associated with poorer diet quality.
Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most serious complications of sepsis, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Ferroptosis has recently been reported to play an essential role in sepsis-induced ALI. Excessive neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation induces exacerbated inflammation and is crucial to the development of ALI. In this study, we explored the effects of ferroptosis and NETs and observed the therapeutic function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on sepsis-induced ALI. First, we produced a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis in rats. Ferrostain-1 and DNase-1 were used to inhibit ferroptosis and NETs formation separately, to confirm their effects on sepsis-induced ALI. Next, U0126 was applied to suppress the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which is considered to be vital to NETs formation. Finally, the therapeutic effect of MSCs was observed on CLP models. The results demonstrated that both ferrostain-1 and DNase-1 application could improve sepsis-induced ALI. DNase-1 inhibited ferroptosis significantly in lung tissues, showing that ferroptosis could be regulated by NETs formation. With the inhibition of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway by U0126, NETs formation and ferroptosis in lung tissues were both reduced, and sepsis-induced ALI was improved. MSCs also had a similar protective effect against sepsis-induced ALI, not only inhibiting MEK/ERK signaling pathway-mediated NETs formation, but also alleviating ferroptosis in lung tissues. We concluded that MSCs could protect against sepsis-induced ALI by suppressing NETs formation and ferroptosis in lung tissues. In this study, we found that NETs formation and ferroptosis were both potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of sepsis-induced ALI, and provided new evidence supporting the clinical application of MSCs in sepsis-induced ALI treatment.
Pseudo-stimulation group has 40 patients with dTMS intervention using sham coils (with the same parameters as real dTMS and generating the same noise as real coils, but without the magnetic field). It is given once per day, for 28 days, with a total of 28 treatments.
Patients will receive ustekinumab by SC injection at Weeks 0, 4, 16, 28 and 40. Patients will gradually reduce the dose of methotrexate over the 4 week period after week 0.
PURPOSE: A composition containing Youngia denticulate extract or compound isolated from the same are provided to induce activation of quinone reductase(QR) and to improve liver function. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for preventing cancer contains Youngia denticulate extract as an active ingredient, which is isolated using water, organic solvent or mixture solvent thereof. An organic solvent is alcohol of C1-C4, acetic acid ethyl, methylene chloride, or chloroform. The Youngia denticulate extract detoxifies carcinogen by enhancing quinone reductase activation. A pharmaceutical composition for preventing cancer contains Youngia denticulate fraction as an active ingredient. The Youngia denticulate fraction is obtained by frequently fractioning Youngia denticulate extract using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The pharmaceutical composition for preventing cancer contains a compound of chemical formula 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 as an active ingredient.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce a safe antiseptic mildewproofing agent or food preservative effective over a wide field by using nicotinamide having antibacterial action singly or in combination with a specific ester having antibacterial action. SOLUTION: Nicotinamide is used as an active component singly or in combination with a sucrose fatty acid ester. The amount of nicotinamide is 0.1-5mg, preferably 0.5-5mg per 1 capsule in the case of compounding to the casing of a drug capsule. When the capsule is made of gelatin, the amount of nicotinamide is about 0.001-0.05 pt.wt. based on 1 pt.wt. of gelatin. In the case of using nicotinamide as a food preservative, its amount is about 0.001-0.05 pt.wt. based on 1 pt.wt. of the food. The amount of the sucrose fatty acid ester is about 0.01-20 pts.wt., preferably about 0.1-10 pts.wt. based on 1 pt.wt. of nicotinamide. The antiseptic mildewproofing effect of nicotinamide is improved by the addition of sucrose fatty acid ester.