anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The global prevalence rate for congenital hydrocephalus (CH) is approximately one out of every five hundred births with multifaceted predisposing factors at play. Genetic influences stand as a major contributor to CH pathogenesis, and epidemiological evidence suggests their involvement in up to 40% of all cases observed globally. Knowledge about an individual's genetic susceptibility can significantly improve prognostic precision while aiding clinical decision-making processes. However, the precise genetic etiology has only been pinpointed in fewer than 5% of human instances. More occurrences of CH cases are required for comprehensive gene sequencing aimed at uncovering additional potential genetic loci. A deeper comprehension of its underlying genetics may offer invaluable insights into the molecular and cellular basis of this brain disorder. This review provides a summary of pertinent genes identified through gene sequencing technologies in humans, in addition to the 4 genes currently associated with CH (two X-linked genes L1CAM and AP1S2, two autosomal recessive MPDZ and CCDC88C). Others predominantly participate in aqueduct abnormalities, ciliary movement, and nervous system development. The prospective CH-related genes revealed through animal model gene-editing techniques are further outlined, focusing mainly on 4 pathways, namely cilia synthesis and movement, ion channels and transportation, Reissner's fiber (RF) synthesis, cell apoptosis, and neurogenesis. Notably, the proper functioning of motile cilia provides significant impulsion for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation within the brain ventricles while mutations in cilia-related genes constitute a primary cause underlying this condition. So far, only a limited number of CH-associated genes have been identified in humans. The integration of genotype and phenotype for disease diagnosis represents a new trend in the medical field. Animal models provide insights into the pathogenesis of CH and contribute to our understanding of its association with related complications, such as renal cysts, scoliosis, and cardiomyopathy, as these genes may also play a role in the development of these diseases. Genes discovered in animals present potential targets for new treatments but require further validation through future human studies.
FIELD: hair sprayers. SUBSTANCE: proposed flask-pump contains reservoir with multichain A polymer in cosmetically adaptable medium including at least one polyurethane and/or polycarbamide fragment, and film-forming B polymer. A and B polymers and device are chosen to provide drops of compound with average diameter less than 80 mm at device outlet for hair styling, including use of above indicated device. Invention provides easy metering of amount of product to be applied to hair. EFFECT: improved quality of spraying. 21 cl, 1 tbl
Participants in the Group B will also receive 4-6 cycles of standard two-drug chemotherapy. However, they will receive an additional treatment of SBRT to primary lesions or metastatic lesions combined with GM-CSF.
Provided is a derivative of 22-hydroxyeholesterol, 24S-hydroxycholesterol, 25- hydroxycholesterol, 26- hydroxyeholeserol or 27-hydroxyeholesierol. Also provided is a protein conjugated to the above derivative. Further provided is an antibody composition comprising antibodies that specifically bind to 22-hydroxycholesterol, 24S-hydroxyeholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol 26- hydroxycholesterol or 27- hydroxycholesterol. Additionally, a method of making antibodies that specifically bind to 22- hydroxycholesterol, 24S-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol 26- hydroxycholesterol or 27- hydroxycholesterol is provided. Also, a method of assaying for 22- hydroxycholesterol, 24S- hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, 26-hydroxycholesterol or 27- hydroxycholesterol is provided. Additionally provided is a kit for detecting 22-hydroxycholesterol, 24S- hydroxycholesterol 25- hydroxycholesterol 26- hydroxycholesterol or 27-hydroxycholesterol A method of detecting an enzyme or enzymes utilized in phase II drug metabolism is also provided. Also, a method of detecting an enzyme that synthesizes 22-hydroxycholesterol 24S-hydroxycholesterol, 25- hydroxycholesterol, 26- hydroxycholesterol or 27-hydroxycholesterol is provided. Further provided is a method of evaluating progression of multiple sclerosis in a patient. Also provided is a method of determining whether a treatment for multiple sclerosis in a patient is effective. Further, a method, of evaluating progression of Huntington's disease in a patient is provided. Additionally provided is a method of determining whether a treatment for Huntington's disease in a patient is effective.
BACKGROUND: Optimization of nutrition prior to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related surgery could improve outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the perioperative nutrition status and management of children undergoing intestinal resection for treatment of their IBD.
METHODS: We identified all patients with IBD who underwent primary intestinal resection. We identified malnutrition using established criteria and methods of nutrition provision at various time points (preoperative outpatient evaluation, admission, and postoperative outpatient follow-up) for elective cases (who underwent their procedure at a scheduled admission) and urgent cases (who underwent an unplanned surgical intervention). We also recorded data on postsurgical complications.
RESULTS: A total of 84 patients were identified in this single-center study (male sex: 40%, mean age: 14.5 years, Crohn's disease: 65%). Thirty-four patients (40%) had some degree of malnutrition. Prevalence of malnutrition in the urgent and elective cohorts was similar (48% vs 36%; P = 0.37). Of these patients, 29 (34%) were noted to be on some type of nutrition supplementation prior to surgery. Postoperatively, BMI z scores increased (-0.61 vs -0.42; P = 0.0008), but the percentage of patients who were malnourished did not change from preoperative status (40% vs 40%; P = 0.10). Despite this, use of nutrition supplementation was only noted in 15 (17%) patients at postoperative follow-up. Complications were not associated with nutrition status.
CONCLUSION: Utilization of supplemental nutrition decreased postprocedure despite no change in malnutrition prevalence. These findings support the development of a pediatric-specific perioperative nutrition protocol in the setting of IBD-related surgery.
A multiple-unit oral sustained release preparation is provided which allows controlled release of imidafenacin [4-(2-methyl-1-imidazolyl)-2,2-diphenylbutylamide]. The preparation serves to ensure a prolonged effect of imidafenacin and prevent rapid elevation in the blood levels of imidafenacin. 
     Specifically, granules or powders comprising imidafenacin dispersed in a water-insoluble polymer or a higher alcohol are used in the preparation. These preparations achieve sustained release of imidafenacin since the molecular network structure that the water-insoluble polymer or the higher alcohol forms during the preparation of the granules or powders serves to control the rate of diffusion of imidafenacin in water. Granules comprising a core granule having two layers of an inner imidafenacin coating and an outer water-insoluble polymer coating are used in the preparation. The water-insoluble polymer coating serves to control the rate of diffusion of imidafenacin in water and ensure sustained release of imidafenacin. The multiple-unit oral sustained release preparation is provided in the forms of capsules and tablets containing the granules or powders that allow controlled release of imidafenacin. The preparation achieves controlled release of imidafenacin over a prolonged period of time.
A decremental PEEP titration strategy will be chosen after recruitment to determine the PEEP value that provides the lowest driving pressure. The personalized PEEP value (kPEEP) that provides the lowest driving pressure will be measured and maintained throughout the mechanical ventilation period. To find this value, the PEEP level will first be set at 15 cmH2O and maintained for 12 breathing cycles, after which the driving pressure will be recorded. Subsequently, the PEEP level will be decreased by 1 cmH2O and maintained for 12 breathing cycles, with the driving pressure recorded at each level. This strategy will continue until the PEEP level reaches 5 cmH2O. During these measurements, the tidal volume will be set at 8 ml/kg, the respiratory rate at 12 breaths/min, and the inspiratory: expiratory ratio at 1:2. The PEEP value that provides the lowest driving pressure will be recorded as kPEEP and maintained during pneumoperitoneum.
BACKGROUND: Incentive spirometry (IS) as a routine respiratory therapy during the perioperative period has been widely used in clinical practice. However, the impact of IS on patients with perioperative lung cancer remains controversial. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of IS in perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with lung cancer.
METHODS: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, CINAHL, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, and Wanfang Databases were searched from inception to 30 November 2023. Only randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review. The PRISMA checklist served as the guidance for conducting this review. The quality assessment of the included studies was assessed by the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The meta-analysis was carried out utilizing Review Manager 5.4. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were also performed.
RESULTS: Nine studies recruited 1209 patients met our inclusion criteria. IS combined with other respiratory therapy techniques was observed to reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, enhance pulmonary function, curtail the length of hospital stay, and lower the Borg score. Nevertheless, no improvements were found in the six-minute walk distance or quality of life score.
CONCLUSIONS: Although IS demonstrates benefits as a component of comprehensive intervention measures for perioperative patients with lung cancer, it proves challenging to determine the precise impact of IS as a standalone component within the comprehensive intervention measures. Therefore, further researches are required to better understand the effectiveness of IS isolation and its interactions when integrated with additional respiratory therapies for these patients.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ , registry number: CRD42022321044.
Ensure that in children administration is under adult supervisionin order to control the dose intake. Patients should be informed that the desmopressin acetate nasal solution bottle accurately delivers 50 doses of 10 μg each. Any solution remaining after 50 doses should be discarded since the amount delivered thereafter may be substantially less than 10 μg of drug. No attempt should be made to transfer remaining solution to another bottle. Patients should be instructed to read accompanying directions on use of the spray pump carefully before use.

Fluid intake should be adjusted downward based upon discussion with the physician.
INTRODUCTION: Biomarker responses to intensive decompression indicate systemic proinflammatory responses and possible neurological stress. To further investigate responses, 12 additional brain and lung biomarkers were assayed.METHODS: A total of 15 healthy men (20 to 50 yr) undertook consecutive same-day ascents to 25,000 ft (7620 m), following denitrogenation, breathing 100% oxygen. Venous blood was sampled at baseline (T0), after the second ascent (T8), and next morning (T24). Soluble protein markers of brain and lung insult were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with plasma microparticles quantified using flow cytometry.RESULTS: Levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and high mobility group box protein 1 were elevated at T8, by 36% and 16%, respectively, before returning to baseline. Levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products fell by 8%, recovering by T24. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rose by 80% over baseline at T24. Monocyte microparticle levels rose by factors of 3.7 at T8 and 2.7 at T24 due to early and late responses in different subjects. Other biomarkers were unaffected or not detected consistently.DISCUSSION: The elevated biomarkers at T8 suggest a neuroinflammatory response, with later elevation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at T24 indicating an ongoing neurotrophic response and incomplete recovery. A substantial increase at T8 in the ratio of high mobility group box protein 1 to soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products suggests this axis may mediate the systemic inflammatory response to decompression. The mechanism of neuroinflammation is unclear but elevation of monocyte microparticles and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 imply a key role for activated monocytes and/or macrophages.Connolly DM, Madden LA, Edwards VC, Lee VM. Brain and lung biomarker responses to hyperoxic hypobaric decompression. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(9):667-674.
Next-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs), such as enzalutamide (Enza) and darolutamide (Daro), are initially effective for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, patients often relapse and develop cross-resistance, which consequently makes drug resistance an inevitable cause of CRPC-related mortality. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of GEO datasets, CRISPR genome-wide screening results, ATAC-seq data, and RNA-seq data, we systemically identified PAK1 as a significant contributor to ARSI cross-resistance due to the activation of the PAK1/RELA/hnRNPA1/AR-V7 axis. Inhibition of PAK1 followed by suppression of NF-κB pathways and AR-V7 expression effectively overcomes ARSI cross-resistance. Our findings indicate that PAK1 represents a promising therapeutic target gene for the treatment of ARSI cross-resistant PCa patients in the clinic. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: PAK1 drives ARSI cross-resistance in prostate cancer progression.
Smoking-related interstitial lung diseases (SRILDs) are a group of heterogeneous diffuse pulmonary parenchymal diseases associated with tobacco exposure. Smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF) is relatively recent, a pathologically defined form of SRILDs. SRIF is characterized by the accumulation of macrophages in the alveolar spaces, which is associated with interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The macrophages frequently contain light brown pigment and are called 'smoker's macrophages'. Patients with SRIF who have clinical evidence of interstitial lung disease are most commonly relatively young, heavy smokers with abnormalities on chest computed tomography showing ground-glass opacities, peripheral consolidation, and reticulation. Although SRIF is caused by cigarette smoking, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms by which smoking causes this type of interstitial fibrosis remain unknown. The degree of fibrosis and appearance of macrophage aggregates are important points of distinction when evaluating and diagnosing SRIF. Macrophage heterogeneity, particularly the activation and function of monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages (Mo-AMs) and interstitial macrophages (IMs), has important implications for the pathogenesis of SRIF and developing treatments. Further researches focused on smoker's macrophages are needed to understand of the pathogenesis of SRIF.
An 80-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, and no family history of hyperkinesis developed suddenly involuntary movement and visited our hospital two-day after onset. Neuro-examination revealed hemichorea-hemiballismus in the right side of the body, including the face (Suppl. video). Blood tests revealed neither hyperglycemia nor acanthocyte. Brain MRI showed acute microbleeding in the left subthalamic nucleus (Figure 1A-C). Although she was treated with haloperidol (max. 4.5 mg/day), hemichorea-hemiballismus did not subside. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with a low-frequency protocol (LFP) (1 Hz, 1200 pulses, with a stimulus intensity of 90% of the resting motor threshold, 3 days/week for 2-week) was applied to the left precentral knob (Figure 1D). Its effect was drastic, as the symptoms disappeared for half-hour after rTMS. Hemichorea-hemiballism then reappeared but was attenuated by repeated rTMS. The symptoms disappeared after one-month. Subthalamic nucleus lesions can develop hemichorea-hemiballism (1). According to a study on Huntington's disease and diabetic hemichorea-hemiballism, increased thalamocortical drive may increase the excitability of excitatory and inhibitory circuits of the frontal cortex as the etiologies of hyperkinesia (2-3). However, the target points of rTMS in treating hemichorea-hemiballism have not been consistent in literature. Moreover, rTMS with a LFP on the bilateral supplementary motor areas is effective in treating chorea in Huntington's disease (2). Additionally, rTMS on the ipsilateral precentral knob (primary motor cortex) with continuous θ burst stimulation (cTBS), which decreases the excitability and inhibitory cortical circuits, was effective in treating contralateral hemichorea caused by midbrain hemorrhage (3). Similar to cTBS, LFP can suppress cortical excitation (4); therefore, we applied rTMS with LFP on the primary motor cortex to treat hemichorea-hemiballism. Our results were drastic for both short- and long-term efficiency. This is the first report of the efficacy of rTMS with LFP in treating hemichorea-hemiballism caused by encephalorrhagia.
This is a multicenter (study conducted at multiple sites), randomized (the study medication is assigned by chance), double blind (neither investigator nor the participant knows the treatment that the participant receives), placebo controlled (an inactive substance that is compared with the study medication to test whether the study medication has a real effect in clinical study), study to assess the efficacy and safety of CNTO 328 plus BSC compared with BSC in patients with symptomatic Multicentric Castleman's Disease. The study mainly consists of 3 phases, including: the screening phase (majority of assessments performed within 28 days of first dose), the treatment phase (blinded and unblinded), and the follow up phase. In the blinded treatment phase, approximately 78 patients will be randomly assigned in 1:2 ratios to either of 2 treatment groups, ie, Placebo + BSC, or CNTO 328 + BSC. Participants receiving placebo + BSC during blinded treatment period who do not respond and have treatment failure will have the option to crossover and receive siltuximab + BSC during unbllinded treatent period. The follow up phase will be 3 months after last dose of study medication and the survival will be followed up until the study ends. Safety evaluations for adverse events, clinical laboratory tests, electrocardiogram, vital signs, patient-recorded temperature, and physical examination will be monitored throughout the study. The total study duration will be 5 years after the last patient starts study medication.
An ocular device for placement under an eyelid that includes a plate with a back surface having at least one protrusion having a convex contact surface to contact the sclera of the eye and to provide an offset space. The plate can be connected to an elongated support member. The ocular device can deliver a material to an eye of a user, including, for example, a pharmaceutically active agent. A case for holding and dispensing an ocular device includes a well configured to retain fluid, a stabilizer, and a lid. The lid is connected to the well and rotatable between a position covering the well and a position with the well uncovered. The lid can have a port for adding fluid to the well, and a receiver, which can hold an ocular device, can project from the lid.
Background: Thyroid hormones regulate cardiac functions mainly through direct actions in the heart and by binding to the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) isoforms α1 and β. While the role of the most abundantly expressed isoform, TRα1, is widely studied and well characterized, the role of TRβ in regulating heart functions is still poorly understood, primarily due to the accompanying elevation of circulating thyroid hormone in TRβ knockout mice (TRβ-KO). However, their hyperthyroidism is ameliorated at thermoneutrality, which allows studying the role of TRβ without this confounding factor. Methods: Here, we noninvasively monitored heart rate in TRβ-KO mice over several days using radiotelemetry at different housing temperatures (22°C and 30°C) and upon 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) administration in comparison to wild-type animals. Results: TRβ-KO mice displayed normal average heart rate at both 22°C and 30°C with only minor changes in heart rate frequency distribution, which was confirmed by independent electrocardiogram recordings in freely-moving conscious mice. Parasympathetic nerve activity was, however, impaired in TRβ-KO mice at 22°C, and only partly rescued at 30°C. As expected, oral treatment with pharmacological doses of T3 at 30°C led to tachycardia in wild-types, accompanied by broader heart rate frequency distribution and increased heart weight. The TRβ-KO mice, in contrast, showed blunted tachycardia, as well as resistance to changes in heart rate frequency distribution and heart weight. At the molecular level, these observations were paralleled by a blunted cardiac mRNA induction of several important genes, including the pacemaker channels Hcn2 and Hcn4, as well as Kcna7. Conclusions: The phenotyping of TRβ-KO mice conducted at thermoneutrality allows novel insights on the role of TRβ in cardiac functions in the absence of the usual confounding hyperthyroidism. Even though TRβ is expressed at lower levels than TRα1 in the heart, our findings demonstrate an important role for this isoform in the cardiac response to thyroid hormones.
India has a substantial burden of undernutrition coupled with overweight and obesity at the other end of the spectrum of malnutrition. Nuh district, in the Haryana State in northern India, is an impoverished district in India. With an aim to investigate the problem of malnutrition in the community, a cross-sectional study was conducted in four villages of the Nuh district. Height/length, weight, and age data of children under 5 years were used to calculate three indices: weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height. The body mass index was calculated for individuals older than 6 years. Associations between malnutrition and other factors were assessed using simple and multiple logistic regression to get adjusted coefficients. The total surveyed population comprised 11,496 individuals. Over 51% were female, and 13.2% of the surveyed population were children under 5 years. Almost half of the population was illiterate and unemployed. The prevalences of underweight, stunting, and wasting in children under 5 years were 37%, 53%, and 21%, respectively. The prevalences of underweight and stunting in the 6- to 19-year-old age group were 29% and 38%, respectively. The prevalence of overweight was 36% in the 20- to 40-year-old and > 60-year-old age groups, and 44% in the 41- to 60-year-old age group. Our findings reveal a considerable burden of undernutrition among children under 5 years and a dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition in adults, highlighting the need to map these areas and sharpen our responses to mitigate the overwhelming and long-term consequences of malnutrition in the Nuh district.