anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast used mainly as a probiotic for prevention or treatment of diarrhoea. However, the prevalence of S. cerevisiae fungemia has risen over the past years, notably among patients with predisposing factors. This retrospective study presents 21 cases of S. cerevisiae fungemia at the University Hospital of Liege from 2000 to 2022, their clinical relevance and therapeutic management. Each patient presented one or several risk factors prior to fungemia. The isolated strains presented high minimal inhibitory concentration for fluconazole, while MICs for amphotericin B, voriconazole and echinocandins were low. Some patients received antifungal therapy, while for others only central and peripheral lines were removed and probiotics discontinued. The MICs obtained for voriconazole and echinocandins makes them an alternative treatment to fluconazole and amphotericin B as reported in other studies. Since a S. cerevisiae fungemia can induce the same complications as candidemia, follow-up blood cultures should be collected and metastatic foci should be looked for. This study showed an important discrepancy in the clinical management of infections due to S. cerevisiae and highlights the need for guidelines.
Angiotensin II is formed from angiotensin I in a reaction catalyzed by angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE, kinase II). Angiotensin II is the principal pressor agent of the renin-angiotensin system, with effects that include vasoconstriction, stimulation of synthesis and release of aldosterone, cardiac stimulation, and renal reabsorption of sodium. Azilsartan medoxomil is an orally administered prodrug that is rapidly converted by esterases during absorption to the active moiety, azilsartan. Azilsartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor in many tissues, such as vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal gland. Its action is, therefore, independent of the pathway for angiotensin II synthesis.

An AT2 receptor is also found in many tissues, but this receptor is not known to be associated with cardiovascular homeostasis. Azilsartan has more than a 10,000-fold greater affinity for the AT1 receptor than for the AT2 receptor.

Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system with ACE inhibitors, which inhibit the biosynthesis of angiotensin II from angiotensin I, is widely used in the treatment of hypertension. ACE inhibitors also inhibit the degradation of bradykinin, a reaction catalyzed by ACE. Because azilsartan does not inhibit ACE (kinase II), it should not affect bradykinin levels. Whether this difference has clinical relevance is not yet known. Azilsartan does not bind to or block other receptors or ion channels known to be important in cardiovascular regulation.

Blockade of the angiotensin II receptor inhibits the negative regulatory feedback of angiotensin II on renin secretion, but the resulting increased plasma renin activity and angiotensin II circulating levels do not overcome the effect of azilsartan on blood pressure.
Communities will receive usual care, including annual mass drug administration with azithromycin if trachoma infection level is greater than 1% or TF is 5% or more. Communities will have MDA stopped if infection is 1% or less, or TF is less than 5%. MDA will be reinstated if infection re-emerges to 6% or more. In addition, surveillance and treatment with azithromycin of newcomer and traveler families within 2 weeks of arrival to or return to the community.
BACKGROUND: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by airway inflammation and remodeling, whose pathogenetic complexity was associated with abnormal responses of various cell types in the lung. The specific interactions between immune and stromal cells, crucial for asthma pathogenesis, remain unclear. This study aims to determine the key cell types and their pathological mechanisms in asthma through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).
METHODS: A 16-week mouse model of house dust mite (HDM) induced asthma (n = 3) and controls (n = 3) were profiled with scRNA-seq. The cellular composition and gene expression profiles were assessed by bioinformatic analyses, including cell enrichment analysis, trajectory analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Cell-cell communication analysis was employed to investigate the ligand-receptor interactions.
RESULTS: The asthma model results in airway inflammation coupled with airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness. Single-cell analysis revealed notable changes in cell compositions and heterogeneities associated with airway inflammation and remodeling. GdT17 cells were identified to be a primary cellular source of IL-17, related to inflammatory exacerbation, while a subpopulation of alveolar macrophages exhibited numerous significantly up-regulated genes involved in multiple pathways related to neutrophil activities in asthma. A distinct fibroblast subpopulation, marked by elevated expression levels of numerous contractile genes and their regulators, was observed in increased airway smooth muscle layer by immunofluorescence analysis. Asthmatic stromal-immune cell communication significantly strengthened, particularly involving GdT17 cells, and macrophages interacting with fibroblasts. CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling was remarkedly up-regulated in asthma, predominantly bridging the interaction between fibroblasts and immune cell populations. Fibroblasts and macrophages could jointly interact with various immune cell subpopulations via the CCL8/CCR2 signaling. In particular, fibroblast-macrophage cell circuits played a crucial role in the development of airway inflammation and remodeling through IL1B paracrine signaling.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study established a mouse model of asthma that recapitulated key pathological features of asthma. ScRNA-seq analysis revealed the cellular landscape, highlighting key pathological cell populations associated with asthma pathogenesis. Cell-cell communication analysis identified the crucial ligand-receptor interactions contributing to airway inflammation and remodeling. Our findings emphasized the significance of cell-cell communication in bridging the possible causality between airway inflammation and remodeling, providing valuable hints for therapeutic strategies for asthma.
BACKGROUND: Polydatin, a glucoside of resveratrol, has shown protective effects against various diseases. However, little is known about its effect on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study aimed to elucidate whether polydatin protects liver against I/R-induced injury and to explore the underlying mechanism.
METHODS: After gavage feeding polydatin once daily for a week, mice underwent a partial hepatic I/R procedure. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to evaluate liver injury. The severity related to the inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also investigated. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to detect macrophage polarization and the NF-κB signaling pathway in macrophages.
RESULTS: Compared with the I/R group, polydatin pretreatment significantly attenuated I/R-induced liver damage and apoptosis. The oxidative stress marker (dihydroethidium fluorescence, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and I/R related inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α) were significantly suppressed after polydatin treatment. In addition, the result of immunofluorescence indicated that polydatin reduced the polarization of macrophages toward M1 macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. Western blotting showed that polydatin inhibited the pro-inflammatory function of RAW264.7 via down-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
CONCLUSIONS: Polydatin protects the liver from I/R injury by remodeling macrophage polarization via NF-κB signaling.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inexpensively obtainable substance and a method for screening an immunotherapeutic agent having antitumor and/or anticancer activity. SOLUTION: Peripheral blood is mixed with an anticoagulant, and after monocytes are isolated, non-adhesive cells are recovered to obtain a lymphocite fraction and a derived sample prepared by adding a screening substance to the lymphocite fraction, so that a final concn. becomes 1 ng-100 mg/ml and a control sample to which no substance has been added are prepared, and the respective groups are subjected to stationary culture at room temp. for three days and a natural dissociation group.  A max. dissociation group and an experimental dissociation group are isolated with respect to both samples and 100-150 μ Ci of 51Cr-sodium chromate is added to target cells and 1N-CHl is added to the max. dissociation group, no substance is added to the natural dissociation group, target cells are added to the experimental dissociation group and all of them are cultured in a 5% CO2 culture vessel at 37 deg.C for 3.5 hrs, the culture supernatant is sampled to measure radioactivity and LAK activities of the derived sample and the control sample are calculated by using formula and they are mutually compared.
Patients will receive FOLFOX6 with or without bevacizumab (Avastin). Patients' 5-FU dose will be optimized by measuring the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 5-FU by the commercially available OnDose® assay and their dose for subsequent cycles adjusted following a pre-established dose adjustment algorithm.
Patients receive ipilimumab IV over 90 minutes once in weeks 1, 4, 7, and 10. Patients also undergo WBRT 5 days a week in weeks 1-2.
Following intake and enrollment steps, including providing consent, and approximately one week before other study activities begin, participants will submit an online questionnaire to collect baseline data about lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, sleep, stress, and general quality of life. During this period they will also receive the study supplement and schedule their first blood draw at a local-to-them Quest Diagnostics facility. Participants will begin taking the study supplement on the day after their first blood draw. Study dosing consists of one capsule of Quercetin Phytosome (Thorne Research, Inc.; 250 mg) taken three times per day with meals for 90 days. Approximately one week after beginning to take study doses, and bi-weekly thereafter, participants will complete an online questionnaire to monitor lifestyle and quality of life factors. The final questionnaire will be completed on the day of or the day after the last study dose is taken. The day after the last study dose, participants will complete a second blood draw at Quest Diagnostics.
The present invention discloses an emergency treatment device and operation method for secondary massive hemorrhage after anal surgery. The treatment device comprises a balloon catheter with three chambers (1), a drainage vessel (10), a traction rope (13), which is connected with a water injection expansion diverticulum tube (14) of a balloon catheter with three chambers. A washing drainage tube with three chambers (6) is arranged in the outlet of the drainage tube of the balloon catheter with three chambers (3). Compared with current technology, the present invention possesses advantages of convenient operation, convenient observation, and reliable treatment effect. The operation, oberservation and the treatment can be conducted by one person. Situation of the patient can be changed into safety in a short period with proper measures and timely treatment. When the present invention is used in early stage of hemorrhage, life hazard caused by massive hemorrhage can be reduced or eliminated; also infection of blood transmitted disease in patient caused by blood transfusion is reduced or eliminated.
FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, dermatovenereology and cosmetology, and can be used for combined external therapy of erythematous-papular rosacea. That is ensured by washing Rosaliac micellar gel in the morning and in the evening, after washing in the morning, Comfoderm K cream is applied once day for 5 days. Then Azelic gel and Tacropic ointment are alternated every second day after washing on clean dry skin for 2 months. Rosaliac Intens serum is used for evening skin care. Then Azelic gel is applied once a week, Tacropic ointment is 0.03 % once a week for the next two months; skin care is performed with Rosaliac Intens serum daily in the morning and in the evening after washing with Rosaliac micellar gel. In those days, when therapeutic agents are used, washing is performed only in the evening.EFFECT: method provides higher clinical effectiveness ensured by an optimally selected combination of high-effective therapeutic agents and care products with reduced skin exposure, complications, exacerbations and recurrences.1 cl, 1 ex
Currently, there is still a lack of effective methods for managing adult high myopia globally. The Elsing Myopia and Amblyopia Therapy Instrument, developed by Suzhou Industrial Park Zuoguan Medical Equipment Co., Ltd., has gained widespread usage in mainland China for amblyopia treatment and myopia control. This instrument utilizes low-intensity laser therapy (LLLT) for treatment, demonstrating improvements in visual acuity without any local or systemic side effects. The low-intensity laser induces photochemical reactions in the retina, such as enhancing cytochrome C oxidase activity, modulating gene expression to regulate the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and increasing the biological activity of nitric oxide. These mechanisms have been applied in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. As the onset of myopia is closely linked to retinal signaling pathways, preliminary test data suggests that the instrument can significantly slow down myopia progression. This study aims to investigate the potential of low-intensity laser therapy in preventing and treating high myopia in adults, providing innovative approaches to mitigate the widespread impact of high myopia.
OBJECTIVES: Seroma represents the most prevalent postoperative complication following laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, particularly in the case of large inguinoscrotal hernias. This randomized controlled trial was undertaken with the objective of assessing the effects of internal orifice narrowing achieved by suturing the divided distal hernia sac in laparoscopic repair of indirect inguinoscrotal hernias.
METHODS: A total of 58 patients aged 18 years or older, were randomized into two groups: Group I, which underwent internal orifice narrowing, and Group II, which served as the control without narrowing. The study's primary endpoint was the incidence and volume of seroma in the inguinal region on postoperative days 1 and 7, as well as at 1, 3, and 6 months following the procedure. Secondary outcomes encompassed metrics like total operative time, acute and chronic pain levels, duration of hospital stay, recurrence rates, and the occurrence of any additional complications.
RESULTS: In comparison to the control group, the experimental group exhibited a significantly lower incidence of seroma formation at 7 days (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the ultrasonic assessment indicated a reduced seroma volume in the operative group on postoperative day 7 (8.84 ± 17.71 vs. 52.39 ± 70.78 mL; P < 0.001). Acute pain levels and hospital stay were similar between the two groups (1.22 ± 0.76 vs. 1.04 ± 0.53, P = 0.073; 1.22 ± 0.07 vs. 1.19 ± 0.08, P = 0.627, respectively). Notably, neither chronic pain nor early recurrence, nor any other postoperative complications were observed in either group throughout the follow-up period, which extended for at least 6 months (range: 6-18 months).
CONCLUSION: In the context of laparoscopic inguinoscrotal hernia repair, the incidence and volume of seroma can be significantly reduced through the implementation of internal orifice narrowing achieved by suturing the divided distal hernia sac. And, this reduction in seroma formation was not associated elevation in postoperative pain levels or recurrence rates.
To each volunteer, after 2 questionnaires, sham techniques will be performed to this group. The investigator will mimic the technique contacts without actually performing any type of tissue traction or compression, maintaining contact for the same amount of time described in the refered techniques. Following the technique, volunteers will answer the same 2 questionnaires shown previously.
In order to be able to evaluate the feasibility of driving training in virtual reality, the driving performance will be evaluated on the same 3 standardized circuits: for the virtual reality group, the circuits have been digitized. Patients perform 2 passes in this condition.
A 6-week psycho-educationally-based, cognitive behavioral program to help patients with subjective cognitive complaints after cancer treatment, titled Emerging from the Haze™ (Haze). Each series meets once a week for 2-2.5 hours for 6 weeks.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a preparation for external use for skin, retaining a good wetting property over a long time by adding carane-3,4-diol. SOLUTION: This skin preparation for external use contains carane-3,4-diol as a moisturizing agent preferably in an amount of 0.5-30 wt.% based on the preparation for external use for skin. The above carane-3,4-diol has four asymmetric carbon atoms in the structural formula, and has sixteen kinds of optical isomers. An optical isomer such as (1S,3S,4S,6R)-carane-3,4-diol may singly be used. The objective preparation for external use is prepared by mixing the carane-3,4-diol with various kinds of base agents. Since the carane-3,4-diol has excellent compatibility, the carane-3,4-diol can be used for general preparations for external uses even in any case such as solid, liquid, emulsion, gel and foam.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NC) refers to the malignant tumor that occurs at the top and side walls of the nasopharyngeal cavity. The NC incidence rate always dominates the first among the malignant tumors of the ear, nose and throat, and mainly occurs in Asia. NC cases are mainly concentrated in southern provinces in China, with about 4 million existing NC. With the pollution of environment and pickled diet, and the increase of life pressure, the domestic NC incidence rate has reached 4.5-6.5/100000 and is increasing year by year. It was reported that the known main causes of NC include hereditary factor, genetic mutations, and EB virus infection, common clinical symptoms of NC include nasal congestion, bloody mucus, etc. About 90% of NC is highly sensitive to radiotherapy which is regard as the preferred treatment method; However, for NC with lower differentiation, larger volume, and recurrence after treatment, surgical resection and local protons and heavy ions therapy are also indispensable means. According to reports, the subtle heterogeneity and diversity exists in some NC, with about 80% of NC undergone radiotherapy and about 25% experienced recurrence and death within five years after radiotherapy in China. Therefore, screening the NC population with suspected recurrence after concurrent chemoradiotherapy may improve survival rates in current clinical decision-making.
A pharmaceutical composition for increasing immune effects comprising the extract of Polygonatum falcatum A. Gray is provided to increase production of antibodies against foreign antigens and improve a humoral immune response by promoting migration efficiency of leucocytes from peripheral blood into second immune organs. The pharmaceutical composition for increasing immune effects comprises the extract or purified fraction of Polygonatum falcatum A. Gray, wherein the extract of Polygonatum falcatum A. Gray is prepared by heating the root of Polygonatum falcatum A. Gray in water, and the purified fraction of Polygonatum falcatum A. Gray is prepared by adding acetone into the water extract of Polygonatum falcatum A. Gray to prepare 50% water and acetone mixed solvent and removing the precipitated matters from the solution so as to prepare the supernatant containing acetone-soluble components; adding acetone into the supernatant to prepare 80% water and acetone mixed solvent and recovering the precipitated matters; and dissolving the precipitated matters in distilled water and re-precipitating the solution with 80% acetone. A health food for increasing immune effects comprises the extract or purified fraction of Polygonatum falcatum A. Gray, wherein the health food is formulated as powder, granule, tablet, capsule or drink.
Mutagenicity/Carcinogenicity: Miltefosine tested negative in the AMES-Salmonella test, DNA-amplification test, chromosomal aberration test in vitro, UDS-test in vivo/in vitro, and oral mouse micronucleus test in vivo. The V 79 mammalian cell HPRT gene mutation test showed an increase in mutant frequency without dose dependency. In view of all mutagenicity test results, the single positive finding in the V 79 HPRT test is considered to be not of toxicological relevance with respect to a mutagenic risk to humans.

Carcinogenicity studies were not performed. In a 52-week oral rat toxicity study, benign and malignant neoplasms that occurred in high-dose animals administered 21.5 mg/kg/day miltefosine (1.0 times the MRHD based on BSA comparison) included testicular Leydig cell adenoma in 3 of 30 male rats, and histiocytic sarcoma with widespread multi-organ metastasis, squamous cell carcinoma in the uterus, and a malignant adenoacanthoma in the uterus with widespread metastasis in 3 individual female rats. The carcinogenic potential of miltefosine in humans is unknown.

In a fertility study in male rats, miltefosine was administered in oral doses of 3.16, 8.25 and 21.5 mg/kg/day from 4 weeks prior to mating until 7 days during mating. Testicular atrophy, reduced numbers of viable sperm, and impaired fertility were observed in rats following daily oral doses of ≥ 8.25 mg/kg (0.4 times the MRHD based on BSA comparison). These findings were reversible within a recovery period of 10 weeks except at the highest dose tested, 21.5 mg/kg/day (1.0 times the MRHD based on BSA comparison), where effects were not fully reversible. 

In a fertility study in female rats, miltefosine was administered in oral doses of 2.15, 6.81, and 21.5 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks prior to mating, during mating, and until Day 7 of pregnancy. Estrus cycle arrest in the metestrus or diestrus phases occurred with the high-dose of 21.5 mg/kg (1.0 times the MRHD based on BSA comparison). At doses of 6.81 and 21.5 mg/kg (0.3 and 1.0 times the MRHD, respectively, based on BSA comparison) increased numbers of embryonic and fetal resorptions and dead fetuses were observed.

In a 52-week toxicology study in dogs, increased numbers of atretic follicles in the ovaries, and cycle arrest in the uterus, vagina, and mammary gland with morphology consistent with anestrus or diestrus were observed at doses ≥ 1 mg/kg/day (0.2 times the MRHD based on BSA comparison). The effects in dogs were fully reversible after a recovery period of 6 weeks.