anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: The Montgomery T-tube is a commonly used device initially designed as a temporary airway stent, but also used as a long-term airway solution for stenosis. For patients undergoing either endoscopic or open airway procedures, proper techniques for inserting these tubes are well documented. This review compiles the techniques used for insertion of the Montgomery T-tube stent.
METHODS: The NCBI Pubmed database was queried using the keywords: "stent," "Montgomery," "T-tube," "stenosis," "technique." A total of 33 papers were reviewed with 12 papers selected for the study. Papers were selected based on inclusion criteria of English language and whether the paper described a technique for insertion of a Montgomery T-tube into the airway. Papers were excluded if they did not describe the technique of insertion of Montgomery T-tubes or dealt with another aspect of T-tube management.
RESULTS: The 12 selected papers each described a different technique for insertion of a Montgomery T-tube stent. Though nearly all the selected studies described using a modified Seldinger technique for insertion of the T-tube, there were discrepancies and a wide array of different instruments used. The instrument and/or technique that was selected was often determined by the individual need of the patient. Several studies addressed the challenge of interrupting ventilation while inserting or exchanging a T-tube in the operating room. These studies described attaching the T-tube to the endotracheal tube to pass the T-tube into the airway while allowing for continuous ventilation. Yet other studies used optical forceps or rigid bronchoscopes to allow placement of the T-tube with direct visualization.
CONCLUSION: There are many techniques used for the insertion of a Montgomery T-tube. Nearly all studies described using a modified Seldinger technique and all the studies agreed on the necessity of a team approach for placement of the Montgomery T-tube.
Bacterial Interference with Escherichia coli 83972. Each bladder inoculation contains the study organism, E. coli 83972, suspended as a clear solution in sterile physiological saline.
Atherosclerosis occurs when blood supply to the lower limbs is restricted upon accumulation of fat in the arteries. Atheroslerosis in the lower limbs is termed peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The initial symptom is pain in the lower limbs followed by ulceration and gangrene. The literature has indicated that intermittent negative pressure (INP) can be used to reduce pain and facilitate wound healing. INP is a non-invasive technique that aims to increase arterial and skin blood flow in lower limbs and foot. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms that are involved in changes in blood flow following application of INP. The Flow-Ox 'boot' will be used to apply INP for periods ranging from 4-8 weeks, for an hour twice per day, to the lower limb to determine the effects of INP on vascular function and blood flow. Specifically, vascular tests such as assessments of endothelial function, arterial stiffness, ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) and blood borne metabolic and inflammatory markers will be performed before and after INP application. A pain chart will be employed before and after INP application to determine whether there is any change in perception of pain felt by individuals who suffer from pain associated with lower limb arterial disease.
Leucoanthocyanin extract of fresh cypress cones prepared by milling fresh cones, refluxing with aqueous 75% methanol and concentration of the extract. Reduction of capillary permeability and general capillary protective agent. Usual cypress extracts only contain a low concentration of these leucoanthocyanins. About 400-500 mg/day initially, with a maintenance dosage of 300 mg/day in 3 divided doses. Finely chopped, fresh cypress cones (1 kg) are extracted twice by refluxing with 75% methanol (2 litres) and distilling off the methanol. The aqueous concentrate is filtered, extracted three times with ethyl acetate (2 volumes), and the aqueous phase treated with an equal volume of methanol and dried. The residue is extracted with 1 1/2 times its weight of methanol and spray dried to give a pink-beige powder.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of imipramine on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment. Male Wistar rats received an intracerebroventricular injection of STZ (3 mg/kg, 3 μl/ventricle) using the stereotaxic apparatus. The Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to evaluate cognitive functions. 24 h after the STZ injection, imipramine was administered intraperitoneally at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. The mRNA and protein levels of neurotrophic factors (BDNF and GDNF) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) were measured in the hippocampus using real-time PCR and ELISA techniques, respectively. In addition, real-time PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA levels of markers associated with neurogenesis (Nestin, DCX, and Ki67) and mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α, NRF-1, and TFAM). The results showed that imipramine, especially at a dose of 20 mg/kg, effectively improved STZ-induced memory impairment. This improvement was associated with an increase in neurogenesis and neurotrophic factors and a decrease in neuroinflammation and mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction. Based on these results, imipramine appears to be a promising therapeutic option for improving cognitive functions in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) carries a high mortality rate of around 50% annually, with management traditionally involving medical and surgical approaches. This systematic review and meta-analysis compare robotic neurosurgery with conventional treatments for ICH. We adhered to PRISMA guidelines, analyzing data from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL up to October 2023, including randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and cohort studies. We evaluated outcomes such as operation time, drainage time, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization, mortality, and complications. Of the 10 studies with 1187 participants (609 in robotic neurosurgery and 578 in conventional management), robotic neurosurgery was associated with significantly reduced operation times, drainage times, and hospitalization needs, though intraoperative blood loss and mortality rates showed no significant difference. Robotic neurosurgery also demonstrated a lower risk of rebleeding but similar safety profiles for other complications. Despite these advantages, significant heterogeneity and limited RCTs highlight the need for further research. Robotic neurosurgery appears beneficial in improving ICH management outcomes, warranting additional multicenter trials to confirm long-term efficacy and safety.
Palbociclib (PD 0332991) will be given at a prespecified dose by cohort orally on days 1-14 of a 28-day cycle. For cycle 1 only, PD 0332991 will start on Day 0. Lenalidomide (Revlimid®) will be given at a prespecified dose by cohort orally on days 8-21 of a 28-day cycle (or days 1-21 as defined by dose cohort level). Dexamethasone (Decadron®) will be given orally at a dose of 20 mg on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of a 28-day cycle. For cycle 1 only, the dexamethasone will be omitted on Day 1.
The need to control the activity and fidelity of CRISPR-associated nucleases has resulted in the demand for inhibitory anti-CRISPR molecules. Current small-molecule inhibitor discovery platforms are not generalizable to multiple nuclease classes, only target the initial step in the catalytic activity, and require high concentration of nuclease, resulting in inhibitors with suboptimal attributes, including poor potency. Herein, Applicants report a high-throughput discovery pipeline consisting of a FRET-based assay that is generalizable to contemporary and emerging nucleases, operates at low nuclease concentration, and targets all catalytic steps. Applicants applied this pipeline to identify BRD7586, a cell-permeable small-molecule inhibitor of SpCas9, that is 2-fold more potent than current inhibitors. Furthermore, unlike the reported inhibitors, BRD7586 enhanced SpCas9 specificity and its activity was independent of the genomic loci, DNA repair pathway, or mode of nuclease delivery. Overall, these studies describe a general pipeline to identify inhibitors of contemporary and emerging CRISPR-associated nucleases. Described herein are compositions and methods for inhibiting the activity of RNA-guided endonucleases, and methods for identifying such compositions.
Previous studies of various macrolides with small sample sizes have reported some benefit with the reduction of sputum volume in bronchiectasis patients. However, macrolide therapy could not yet be confidently used to treat bronchiectasis, given the diffuse nature of these findings. These studies have had a wide range of hypotheses, and have not necessarily focused on the anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides. Furthermore, these studies are few in number, and not all have been placebo-controlled or double-blinded. This, combined with the small sample sizes used, limits the reliability of these results. This study aims to expand on these limited published findings by investigating a larger sample population with different endpoints. Sputum volume and quality of life have been selected as important variables to aid in assessing efficacy.

This study aims to be independent of previous studies in a number of ways. This is the only study of bronchiectasis patients to formally investigate quality of life after treatment with a macrolide, and the potential carryover effect of azithromycin therapy. This study will also expand on the findings of previous studies of macrolides in bronchiectasis by incorporating a larger sample size into the trial.
No overdoses of celecoxib were reported during clinical trials. Doses up to 2400 mg/day for up to 10 days in 12 patients did not result in serious toxicity. Symptoms following acute NSAID overdoses are usually limited to lethargy, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain, which are generally reversible with supportive care. Gastrointestinal bleeding can occur. Hypertension, acute renal failure, respiratory depression and coma may occur, but are rare. Anaphylactoid reactions have been reported with therapeutic ingestion of NSAIDs, and may occur following an overdose.

Patients should be managed by symptomatic and supportive care following an NSAID overdose. There are no specific antidotes. No information is available regarding the removal of celecoxib by hemodialysis, but based on its high degree of plasma protein binding (>97%) dialysis is unlikely to be useful in overdose. Emesis and/or activated charcoal (60 to 100 g in adults, 1 to 2 g/kg in children) and/or osmotic cathartic may be indicated in patients seen within 4 hours of ingestion with symptoms or following a large overdose. Forced diuresis, alkalinization of urine, hemodialysis, or hemoperfusion may not be useful due to high protein binding.
Bidirectional communication between tumours and neurons has emerged as a key facet of the tumour microenvironment that drives malignancy1,2. Another hallmark feature of cancer is epigenomic dysregulation, in which alterations in gene expression influence cell states and interactions with the tumour microenvironment3. Ependymoma (EPN) is a paediatric brain tumour that relies on epigenomic remodelling to engender malignancy4,5; however, how these epigenetic mechanisms intersect with extrinsic neuronal signalling during EPN tumour progression is unknown. Here we show that the activity of serotonergic neurons regulates EPN tumorigenesis, and that serotonin itself also serves as an activating modification on histones. We found that inhibiting histone serotonylation blocks EPN tumorigenesis and regulates the expression of a core set of developmental transcription factors. High-throughput, in vivo screening of these transcription factors revealed that ETV5 promotes EPN tumorigenesis and functions by enhancing repressive chromatin states. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the genes repressed by ETV5, and its overexpression suppresses EPN tumour progression and tumour-associated network hyperactivity through synaptic remodelling. Collectively, this study identifies histone serotonylation as a key driver of EPN tumorigenesis, and also reveals how neuronal signalling, neuro-epigenomics and developmental programs are intertwined to drive malignancy in brain cancer.
Obesity is a potential risk factor for meniscal tear (MT). We utilized meta-analysis of observational studies and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to elucidate the association between body mass index (BMI) and MT. In meta-analysis, a search was performed on June 27, 2022, using PubMed and Embase databases. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were extracted from included studies. In MR analyses, the research utilized summary-level data on BMI and MT obtained from Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits and the FinnGen Consortium, respectively. In meta-analysis, four studies comprising 826,383 participants were included. The pooled odds ratio of MT in the high BMI group was 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.83-2.09), compared with the nonhigh BMI group. The pooled odds ratio in the under 30 group was 1.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.61-5.03). In MR analyses, one standard deviation increase in genetically predicted BMI was associated with meniscus derangement as a chronic subtype of MT (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% confidential interval, 1.17-1.59). We found that a high BMI was not associated with an increased likelihood of MT based on meta-analysis of observational studies; however, by complementing MR analyses, we elucidated the causality of BMI increase on meniscus derangement as a chronic subtype of MT.
Metabolic disorders such as liver disorders and cardiovascular disorders are widely abundant, and may affect a wide variety of people. Improved therapeutics are needed for treating these disorders. Disclosed herein are compositions comprising an oligonucleotide that targets GRAM. The oligonucleotide may include a small interfering RNA (siRNA) or an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). Also provided herein are methods of treating conditions associated with GRAM gene mutations that include providing an oligonucleotide that targets GRAM in a subject. Some examples of diseases that may be treated include liver diseases or cardiometabolic diseases.
Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as pivotal players in the pathophysiology of sepsis, representing a new frontier in both the diagnosis and treatment of this complex condition. Sepsis, a severe systemic response to infection, involves intricate immune and nonimmune mechanisms, where exosome-mediated communication can significantly influence disease progression and outcomes. During the progress of sepsis, the miRNA profile of exosomes undergoes notable alterations, is reflecting, and may affect the progression of the disease. This review comprehensively explores the biology of exosome-derived miRNAs, which originate from both immune cells (such as macrophages and dendritic cells) and nonimmune cells (such as endothelial and epithelial cells) and play a dynamic role in modulating pathways that affect the course of sepsis, including those related to inflammation, immune response, cell survival, and apoptosis. Taking into account these dynamic changes, we further discuss the potential of exosome-derived miRNAs as biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis of sepsis and advantages over traditional biomarkers due to their stability and specificity. Furthermore, this review evaluates exosome-based therapeutic miRNA delivery systems in sepsis, which may pave the way for targeted modulation of the septic response and personalized treatment options.
A computer-implemented method to determine the pathogenicity of combinations of digenic or oligogenic variants, in relation to a disease, is described. The method first includes defining a set of variants, the pathogenicity of which must be determined. Such variants refer to mutations present in one or both alleles of a respective gene of at least two genes, in which each of the genes is associated with two respective alleles. The method then comprises the step of determining the situations which can occur, regarding the presence or absence of the aforesaid variants in the alleles of the at least two genes considered. Each situation is associated with a respective combination in which each variant is present in a respective subset of alleles, among all the possible subsets of alleles of all the genes considered, or in which the variant is present in all the alleles of all the genes considered. For each of the defined situations, i.e., for each combination and for each gene, the method then includes calculating a pathogenicity index or score, adapted to estimate how much the one or more respective variants modify the functioning of the respective gene. The method further comprises the steps of describing phenotypic traits of a patient, by standardized phenotypic terms, i.e., standardized information adapted to describe phenotypic abnormalities found in the patient, and calculating or preparing input information for the pathogenicity determination. Such information comprises the following four types of features: gene-phenotype association features, calculated individually for each of the genes considered, and adapted to measure how much the aforesaid phenotypic traits of the patient are superimposable to phenotypes already known to be associated with the single gene; digenicity or oligogenicity features, calculated for each of the aforesaid gene combinations, adapted to capture the interaction between the genes forming each combination; a priori property features of the genes, calculated for each of the aforesaid genes considered; variant-related features, calculated for each gene considered, based on the aforesaid pathogenicity indices or scores calculated in relation to all the combinations considered. The method further includes providing said input information for the pathogenicity determination to at least one trained algorithm, and processing said input information for the pathogenicity determination by the at least one trained algorithm. The trained algorithm is an algorithm trained by artificial intelligence and/or machine learning techniques. The algorithm is trained in a preliminary training step, based on a training dataset of known cases, providing the aforesaid input information calculated for each of the known cases to the algorithm to be trained, and training the algorithm based on the knowledge of the pathogenicity/benignity of the respective known cases. Finally, the method comprises the step of obtaining output information from the trained algorithm, representing the pathogenicity of each of the combinations of variants or mutations considered.
The invention relates to the technical field of candy and especially relates to a konjak peanut brittle for clearing and nourishing throat. The konjak peanut brittle comprises the following raw materials: konjaku flour, peanut kernel, dandelion extractive, linden honey, white granulated sugar, shirane extractive, cockscomb extractive, bergapten, thymol and fresh common crapemyrtle flowers. The konjak peanut brittle not only can effectively remove spot and dust from lung and throat, can dissolve sticky part in phlegm and boost the expectoration and can prevent the harmful matters in the cigarette from damaging the lung and the respiratory tract but also has the functions of clearing internal heat, detoxifying, diminishing inflammation, relieving pain, sterilizing and preventing and resisting cancer. The konjak peanut brittle can effectively boost the quick smoking cessation of the smoker, can create a smokeless environment for the smoker and the people around, can reduce the harm of cigarettes to a human body and has significance for human health. The yield of the dandelion extractive prepared according to the invention is 51.3%-52.7%. The dandelion extractive work together with the other components in the raw material, so that the effect of clearing and nourishing throat of the peanut brittle can be enhanced.
PURPOSE: To obtain an aqueous composition that contains a blood clotting factor inhibitor and is useful for homeostasis of hemophilia. CONSTITUTION: This aqueous composition contains 1-13 units/ml of factor X, an inhibitory factor of blood clotting factor and 4-10 units/ml of factor X a. In the aqueous composition obtaining the factors, the active prothrombin complex concentrate (pcc) is prepared so that a factor VIII antigen may not be included sufficiently to not cause the immune reaction to human factor VIII, in other words, treated by administrating the pcc in which at least a small proportion of the clotting factor is converted to active enzyme. Particularly, this composition is useful for treatment of anti-hemophilia factor or plasma thromboplastin component inhibitor. This active pcc preparation can be standardized without mixing or handling the final product.  Further, during the operation of the production of preparation, the production of the active pcc is controlled so that the formation of thrombin may be reduced and the formed thrombin is neutralized.
PURPOSE:To obtain a liver disorder suppressant useful for preventing and treating liver disorder, comprising a hydroquinolinequinone triester as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION:A hydroquinolinequinone triester shown by the formula (R is lower alkyl, alkenyl or benzyl) as an active ingredient. The compound is properly blended with a surfactant, excipient, colorant, preservative, coating auxiliary, etc., and pharmaceutically manufactured to give the objective substance. The substance is pharmaceutically manufactured into oral administration state such as capsule, tablet, powder, etc., and a parenteral administration state such as injection or solution. Further a sustained release preparation is effective. The compound shown by the formula is obtained by reacting pyrroloquinolinequinone or a salt thereof with an alcohol by a conventional procedure. The compound shown by the formula extremely suppresses rise in glutamic acid-oxazoloacetate transaminase and glutamic acid-pyruvate transaminase and total bilirubin.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new PDE (cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase) of a Plasmodium protozoa and to provide a nucleic acid encoding the same and a method for characterizing, identifying and selecting an inhibitor of the PDE of the Plasmodium protozoa.  <P>SOLUTION: A polypeptide composed of a specific amino acid sequence derived from the protozoa, a conservative substitution variant or a naturally occurring allelic variant thereof, etc., are provided. A nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide or a complement thereof is provided. A recombinant vector containing the nucleic acid, a host cell in which the recombinant vector is introduced and a method for producing a polypeptide comprising culturing the host cell are provided. A method for characterizing, identifying or selecting the PDE inhibitor comprising using the polypeptide is provided. A pharmaceutical composition for treating malaria and a therapeutic method, etc., comprising a compound having an inhibitory activity against the PDE of the Plasmodium protozoa as an active ingredient are provided.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI