anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Regional anesthesia is commonly used for elective and emergency cesarean delivery. It provides numerous safety advantages when compared to general anesthesia for both the mother and fetus1. Epidurals also have the added benefit of being able to provide pain relief throughout labor and in the event of cesarean delivery, epidural analgesia can be "extended" to provide surgical anesthesia. Numerous studies have been performed to assess the onset times of various local anesthetics when administered through an epidural catheter. Attempts to reduce anesthetic onset time and improve the quality of intraoperative analgesia have been attempted by using different local anesthetic solutions and by the addition of other drugs to the epidural solution (such as epinephrine, fentanyl and sodium bicarbonate).

A recent meta-analysis concluded that the optimum local anesthetic solution for extending a labor epidural from analgesia to surgical anesthesia has yet to be determined 2. In 1994, a retrospective study compared 1.5% lidocaine/bicarbonate/epinephrine mixture to 3% chloroprocaine in parturients with pre-existing epidural catheters for urgent cesarean delivery3. It was found that the chloroprocaine group had a significantly faster onset of anesthesia compared to the lidocaine group. Both drugs provided excellent anesthesia. However a high quality study comparing 3% chloroprocaine with 2% lidocaine/ epinephrine/ bicarbonate/ fentanyl (LEBF) in terms of anesthetic onset times has yet to be performed.

Women in labor frequently request an epidural to provide pain relief. Epidural pain relief is commonly provided by the administration of a low concentration of local anesthetic and opioid solution through an epidural catheter. This solution is delivered by an automated epidural infusion pump. In the event that a cesarean delivery is required, the pre-existing epidural is frequently used to administer a higher concentration anesthetic solution to allow pain free cesarean delivery. This is commonly referred to as an "epidural top up" or as an "extension of the epidural block." Standard practice at University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) for an epidural top up is Lidocaine, Epinephrine, Bicarbonate and Fentanyl (LEBF) or 3% chloroprocaine. These two mixtures are routinely and almost exclusively used for epidural cesarean delivery. The decision on which mixture to use is based solely on physician preference. It is likely that the LBEF mixture is used more frequently but the investigators consider both local anesthetic mixtures as equals and the standard of care at UAMS. The investigators do not use any other local anesthetics (unless there are very specific reasons).
Various surgical systems are disclosed. A surgical system comprises a robotic tool, a robot control system, a surgical instrument, and a surgical hub. The robot control system comprises a control console and a control unit in signal communication with the control console and the robotic tool. The surgical hub comprises a display. The surgical hub is in signal communication with the robot control system. The surgical hub is configured to detect the surgical instrument and represent the surgical instrument on the display.
Dyslipidemia is one of the most common diseases worldwide. As a component of metabolic syndrome, the prevalence and mechanism by which dyslipidemia promotes cardiovascular diseases has been well studied, although the relationship between pulmonary diseases is not well understood. Because the lung is a respiratory organ with a large surface area and is exposed to the environment outside the body, it continuously inhales various substances. As a result, pulmonary diseases have a vast diversity, including chronic inflammatory diseases, allergic diseases, cancers, and infectious diseases. Recently, growing evidence has suggested that dyslipidemia plays a role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of various pulmonary diseases. We herein review the current understanding of the relationship between dyslipidemia and pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, asthma, and lung cancer, and infectious pulmonary diseases, including community-acquired pneumonia, tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease, and COVID-19. In addition, we focus on recent evidence of the utility of statins, specifically 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coA reductase inhibitors, in the prevention and treatment of the various pulmonary diseases described above.
Provided is an application of flurbiprofen axetil in preparing a pharmaceutical composition for relieving fever in patients by an intravenous administration route. The pharmaceutical composition comprises: 10-40 mg of flurbiprofen axetil. Furthermore, the content of flurbiprofen axetil is 10-35 mg, 15-35 mg, or 15-30 mg, and is preferably 15 mg or 30 mg. The provided low-content flurbiprofen axetil pharmaceutical composition can be securely and effectively used for relieving fever in adult patients. Moreover, surprisingly, the low-content flurbiprofen axetil pharmaceutical composition has the same fever relieving effect and duration as a high-content flurbiprofen axetil pharmaceutical composition, and has a less adverse reaction. Compared with the ibuprofen injection, the single administration of the provided low-dose flurbiprofen axetil can maintain the fever relieving time above 6-10 hours, which significantly reduces the administration frequency and improves the patient compliance.
Ivacaftor is a novel FDA approved therapy for patients with CF and gating mutations who are 4 months and older. This investigator-Initiated study is designed to evaluate the nutritional, growth and GI impact of ivacaftor treatment for the youngest (4-24 months) patient cohort and for whom FDA approval has recently been granted. This proposal directly extends the previous highly informative nutrition and weight gain investigation of ivacaftor treatment in the older patient cohort (1). The primary aims of the study are to evaluate the impact of 12 weeks of ivacaftor treatment in 4-24 month old subjects with CF and gating mutations on sleeping energy expenditure, growth status and gut health and function in 18 children with protocol evaluations at baseline (pre-treatment) and 6 and 12 weeks after clinically prescribed ivacaftor treatment has begun. Other outcomes of significant clinical interest in young subjects with CF will be explored. All subjects will be evaluated at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and will be recruited both regionally and nationally to ensure timely enrollment.
Water intake has been suggested to be associated with weight control, but evidence for optimal water intake in terms of amount, timing, and temperature is sparse. Additionally, genetic predisposition to obesity, which affects satiety and energy expenditure, might interact with water intake in regulating individual adiposity risk. We conducted a cross-sectional study recruiting 172 Korean adults. Information on water intake and lifestyle factors was collected through self-reported questionnaires, and height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured by researchers. The oral buccal swab was performed for genotyping of FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs17782313, BDNF rs6265 and genetic risk of obesity was calculated. Linear regression was performed to estimate mean difference in body mass index (BMI) and WC by water intake and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). As a sensitivity analysis, logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratio (OR) of obesity/overweight (BMI of ≥23kg/m2; WC of ≥90cm for men and of ≥80cm for women) and its 95% CI. Drinking >1L/day was significantly associated with higher BMI (mean difference: 0.90, 95% CI 0.09, 1.72) and WC (mean difference: 3.01, 95% CI 0.62, 5.41) compared with drinking ≤1L/day. Independent of total water intake, drinking before bedtime was significantly associated with lower BMI (mean difference: -0.98, 95% CI -1.91, -0.05). The results remained consistent when continuous BMI and WC were analyzed as categorical outcomes. By perceived temperature, drinking >1L/day of cold water was associated with higher BMI and WC compared with drinking ≤1L/day of water at room-temperature. By genetic predisposition to obesity, a positive association between water intake and WC was confined to participants with low genetic risk of obesity (P interaction = 0.04). In conclusion, amount, timing, and perceived temperature of water intake may be associated with adiposity risk and the associations might vary according to genetic predisposition to obesity.
The present invention relates to a method for using a mask back corresponding to the size of a face without being necessarily washed out. According to the method, skin elasticity is ensured, and skin sagging can be prevented. Also, onerousness of coating, hardening, and washing out a loess pack, which is a component having excellent skin waste removing and antibacterial effects, on a face is alleviated, and the supply of nutrients and the prevention of skin sagging can be simultaneously performed. An earring-type loess pack capable of adjusting a size of a mask pack according to the size of a face is coated and used on a mask pack sheet, and a pack composition includes loess, oak, sap, and pine needle extract. Accordingly, tension, adhesion, and elasticity are improved when the pack is used. Moreover, tourmaline powder having plenty of emission of far-infrared rays is used with loess. Without onerousness of washing out, blood circulation and metabolism are promoted through the emission of far-infrared rays. Also, through antibiotic, antibacterial, and washing functions, waste including sebum is removed, so skin is activated. Skin elasticity is improved, and sagging is prevented.
ART-CAP (Aggressive Risk-Prevention Therapies for Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque ) is a prospective randomized open-label trial with blinded end-point. This research project aims to study the role of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) as a superior guide for the direct assessment and monitoring of the impact of preventive cardiovascular drugs on coronary artery plaque for better clinical decision-making and improving patient outcomes. Participants aged 18-80 years, at intermediate or high-risk (10-year ASCVD risk of 5-20% or \>20%; calculated based on age, gender, race, history of smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and family history of premature CAD, with/without symptoms suggestive of coronary disease) who has non-obstructive plaque on CCTA (stenosis of 0-39% or 40-69% with FFR-CT \>0.8), will be enrolled. Participants with a history of heart attack, coronary stents or bypass surgery, recent stroke, severe valvular heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, NYHA class 3 or 4 heart failure, recent heart failure hospitalization, active cancer, life expectancy of \<1 year, end-stage kidney or liver disease, pregnancy or uncontrolled psychiatric illness, will be excluded.

Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups - Standard of Care (SOC, 100 pts) vs. Aggressive Therapy (AT, 100 pts). Both groups will receive dietary and lifestyle interventions. SOC will be treated with statin and/or aspirin as per the ACC guidelines. AT group will be treated with statin, aspirin, nexlizet, leqvio, vascepa, jardiance, and colchicine. Follow-up will consist of blood tests and clinic visits at baseline, 9 months, and 18 months. At baseline, participants will undergo Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) for a South Asian gene panel. Biomarker evaluations at baseline, 9 months, and 18 months include lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, cardiac biomarkers, and buffy coat analysis for CHIP, along with standard blood tests including CBC and CMP. Additionally, echocardiographic evaluation will be performed at baseline and 18 months.

After 18 months of medical treatment, a repeat CCTA will be performed to evaluate primary endpoints of the percentage change in plaque burden (total, non-calcified and calcified), plaque characteristics including high-risk features, ischemia value for the most severe lesion, and pericoronary/epicardial fat attenuation. Patient will be followed for additional 5 years for MACCE (major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events).
Although cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of death each year, advancements in cancer treatments and detection have improved patient prognosis across a large number of cancer types. This trend of improved survival rates has made apparent the significant risk of chemotherapy on the cardiovascular system in such a way that cardiotoxicity has become a prime concern in cancer survivors. Indeed, cardiotoxic events have been related to numerous chemotherapy types, including the commonly used 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). 5-FU is the third most commonly administered form of chemotherapy used in the treatment of solid malignancies. Despite undeniable effectiveness in treating cancer, administration of 5-FU is associated with the second highest incidence of cardiotoxicity out of all chemotherapeutic agents.

Such cardiotoxic manifestations typically appear in the form of chest pain, angina during rest and/or exertion, and acute coronary syndromes, however, other events such as arrythmias, myocarditis, pericarditis, heart failure, or even death have been reported following 5-FU administration. While multiple mechanisms are believed to lead to 5-FU cardiotoxicity, the effects 5-FU has on the vasculature seem to be of particular importance. Initial findings suggest these drugs have a direct toxic effect on the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle, likely through increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are known to adversely affect endothelium independent and dependent factors which influence vascular tone. Along with increased ROS, decreases in antioxidant capacity following 5-FU therapy lead to increased vasospasms and altered vasodilator/constrictor responses. Indeed, both coronary artery vasospasms and brachial artery vasoconstriction have been found to occur in some groups directly after injection of 5-FU.

Although the primary signaling pathways for 5-FU induced cardiotoxicity are well documented, many of these studies have been conducted in animal models. Previous work has demonstrated substantial vascular dysfunction in current cancer patients undergoing adjuvant systematic chemotherapy when compared to healthy controls, however, alike investigations specifically focused on vascular dysfunction in patients receiving 5-FU have yet to be conducted. To investigate such mechanisms, microvascular reactivity will be measured with laser Doppler flowmetry combined with iontophoresis of acetylcholine in cancer patients currently undergoing treatment with 5-Fluorouracil, patients receiving chemotherapy treatments other than 5-Fluorouracil, cancer survivors previously treated with 5-Fluorouracil, and age and sex matched controls.
For participants who did NOT have SD NVP exposure prior to study entry. FTC and TDF daily and LPV/RTV twice daily. FTC and TDF may be replaced by the combination drug FTC/TDF. Participants who discontinue LPV/RTV will receive NVP daily for 14 days before taking it twice daily. plus 2 more NRTIs.
PURPOSE: To perform a single unit review of surgical approaches to the pineal region, looking to ascertain if trends were identifiable regarding the extent of resection and the rate of post-operative complications between approaches. We hypothesised that each approach would offer different exposure of the pineal region which may result in poor access to certain areas of the tumour. This may lead to residual tumour in reliable and predictable locations, and an awareness of these regions could help with pre-operative planning and lead to higher levels of suspicion when inspecting these regions intraoperatively.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a single centre, retrospective review of all adult and paediatric patients who underwent surgical debulking of pineal region tumours between 2008 and 2019. Patient demographics, pre- and post- operative radiological tumour volume data, histology and complication rates were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The occipital transtentorial approach resulted in a significantly lower extent of resection when compared to the supracerebellar infratentorial approach (p = 0.04), even after multivariate analysis (p = 0.006). There was no significant difference between the location of residual tumour relative to the superior colliculi between the two approaches (p = 1.00). There was a significant incidence of radiological occipital lobe ischaemia from the occipital transtentorial approach (p = 0.04). Within our series, we did not demonstrate a consistent location of residual tumour relative to the surgical approach chosen. Whilst there was a significant difference with regards to the extent of resection between approaches, in the context of small comparative groups this is difficult to draw far-reaching conclusions from.
EEG guided general anesthesia: General anesthesia is guided by SedLine (EEG-guided care). The goal of EEG-guided care is to maintain spectral edge frequency (SEF) between 10 and 15 and patient state index (PSI) between 25 and 50.
Carcinogenesis 

Valproate was administered orally to rats and mice at doses of 80 and 170 mg/kg/day (less than the maximum recommended human dose on a mg/m 2 basis) for two years. The primary findings were an increase in the incidence of subcutaneous fibrosarcomas in high-dose male rats receiving valproate and a dose-related trend for benign pulmonary adenomas in male mice receiving valproate. The significance of these findings for humans is unknown. 

Mutagenesis 

Valproate was not mutagenic in an in vitro bacterial assay (Ames test), did not produce dominant lethal effects in mice, and did not increase chromosome aberration frequency in an in vivo cytogenetic study in rats. Increased frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) have been reported in a study of epileptic children taking valproate, but this association was not observed in another study conducted in adults. There is some evidence that increased SCE frequencies may be associated with epilepsy. The biological significance of an increase in SCE frequency is not known. 

Fertility 

Chronic toxicity studies of valproate in juvenile and adult rats and dogs demonstrated reduced spermatogenesis and testicular atrophy at oral doses of 400 mg/kg/day or greater in rats (approximately equivalent to or greater than the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) on a mg/m 2 basis) and 150 mg/kg/day or greater in dogs (approximately 1.4 times the MRHD or greater on a mg/m 2 basis). Fertility studies in rats have shown no effect on fertility at oral doses of valproate up to 350 mg/kg/day (approximately equal to the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis) for 60 days. The effect of valproate on testicular development and on sperm production and fertility in humans is unknown.
Approximately 30 subjects will be enrolled in a single-center, open-label study of the treatment of psoriasis. There will be a screening/baseline, week 4, week 16 and week 20 visits. Subjects will include those who have been started on commercial Otezla within the last 10 days of baseline. We will add Enstilar foam QD at baseline visit for 4 weeks. Those subjects who achieve clear or almost clear on PGA scale at week 4 will continue on maintenance dose of Enstilar twice weekly on Mondays and Thursdays QD for the next 12 weeks and they will also continue on Otezla. Subjects will continue to week 20 after stopping Enstilar at week 16..
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death among men. A comprehensive understanding of PCa progression is crucial for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for its treatment. While WDR1 (WD-repeat domain 1) serves as a significant cofactor of actin-depolymerizing factor/cofilin, its role in PCa progression remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that knockdown of WDR1 in various PCa cells substantially inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as confirmed at both the cellular and molecular levels. Moreover, the overexpression of WDR1 promoted PCa cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro. Mechanistically, we showed that the application of lithium chloride, an activator of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway, restored the suppressive effects of WDR1 deficiency on cell proliferation and migration in PCa cells. Our findings suggest that the WDR1-β-Catenin axis functions as an activator of the malignant phenotype and represents a promising therapeutic target for PCa treatment.
Post-injury dysfunction of humoral immunity accounts for infections and poor outcomes in cardiovascular diseases. Among immunoglobulins (Ig), IgA, the most abundant mucosal antibody, is produced by plasma B cells in intestinal Peyer's patches (PP) and lamina propria. Here we show that patients with stroke and myocardial ischemia (MI) had strongly reduced IgA blood levels. This was phenocopied in experimental mouse models where decreased plasma and fecal IgA were accompanied by rapid loss of IgA-producing plasma cells in PP and lamina propria. Reduced plasma IgG was detectable in patients and experimental mice 3-10 d after injury. Stroke/MI triggered the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Depletion of neutrophils, NET degradation or blockade of NET release inhibited the loss of IgA+ cells and circulating IgA in experimental stroke and MI and in patients with stroke. Our results unveil how tissue-injury-triggered systemic NET release disrupts physiological Ig secretion and how this can be inhibited in patients.
Chronotypes play a crucial role in regulating sleep-wake cycles and overall health. The aim of this study was to investigate chronotype, sleep quality, polymorphisms of clock genes and the level of leptin in serum. We used standardized questionnaires to assess chronotype and sleep quality. Genetic analysis was performed to determine the selected clock gene polymorphism. Serum leptin level was measured by the Elisa method. The results showed that serum leptin concentration was elevated in women, as well as in men who had a high waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI). The evidence indicated that younger students (<22 years old) were most likely to experience poor sleep quality. Nevertheless, our multivariate analysis revealed that young age and a morning-oriented chronotype were associated with better sleep quality. We noted that clock gene polymorphisms were present in 28.6% of the participants. Moreover, polymorphisms of PER1 c.2247C>T (rs2735611) and PER2 c.-12C>G (rs2304672) genes were associated with serum leptin level and chronotype, respectively. These findings provide insights into the relationships between chronotype, sleep quality, clock gene polymorphisms and obesity risk in biomedical students. Understanding these factors can contribute to better sleep management and potential interventions to improve health outcomes in humans.
Heterotopic brain tissues are a group of extracerebral neuroglial tissues. Heterotopic brain tissue in the orbit remains a rare clinical entity. This article presents a 7-year-old male child who presented with severe globe displacement, proptosis, and vision loss in the right eye. The orbital imaging showed a huge orbital cystic mass displacing the globe. The cyst was excised entirely from the orbit. The histopathological investigations revealed the presence of a cystic lesion containing brain tissue that was immune reactive for S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic proteins. The diagnosis was confirmed to be heterotopic brain tissue due to the lack of visible bony defect. The relevant literature was also reviewed.
Participants randomized to the RSV lot2 Group received one dose of RSV MAT Lot 2 vaccine intramuscularly at Day 1. Participants were also provided with an option of receiving Flu D-QIV vaccine at Day 31 to allow the participants receive the standard of care.