anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Pregnant women are a vulnerable and high-risk population, as COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, cesarean section, and maternal intensive care. The objectives of this study are to: (a) evaluate the full impact of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy to inform testing strategies, (b) examine the factors that impede testing during pregnancy, and (c) use study data to devise implementation strategies that improve SARS-CoV-2 testing in pregnancy and prenatal care during the pandemic. Investigators will prospectively enroll two cohorts of pregnant women: 1) exposed (SARS-CoV-2 positive), and 2) unexposed (SARS-CoV-2 negative as defined by antibody testing at the beginning of pregnancy, every trimester, and at delivery). Women who initially enroll as unexposed but later test positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies will cross over to the exposed cohort. In Aim 1, investigators will evaluate patients' and providers' perceptions of SARS-CoV-2 testing during pregnancy and the influence of COVID-19 on maternal care-seeking behavior and anxiety via surveys and semi-structured interviews. In Aim 2, investigators will determine the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy on the risk of preterm birth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes in symptomatic and asymptomatic disease. It is hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection will increase the risk of preterm birth by 12%. In Aim 3, investigators will estimate the risk of mother-to-fetus SARS-CoV-2 transmission and viral presence in umbilical cord blood, placenta, and amniotic fluid by assaying for viral RNA in the neonate, cord blood, and placenta. Collectively, Aims 1-3 will be interpreted by investigators, the Scientific Advisory Board and the Community Advisory Board who will apply data to devising targeted implementation strategies designed for rapid community dissemination to improve testing and prenatal care.
Animal studies have demonstrated the ability of pancreatic acinar cells to transform into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the tumorigenic potential of human pancreatic acinar cells remains under debate. To address this gap in knowledge, we expand sorted human acinar cells as 3D organoids and genetically modify them through introduction of common PDAC mutations. The acinar organoids undergo dramatic transcriptional alterations but maintain a recognizable DNA methylation signature. The transcriptomes of acinar organoids are similar to those of disease-specific cell populations. Oncogenic KRAS alone do not transform acinar organoids. However, acinar organoids can form PDAC in vivo after acquiring the four most common driver mutations of this disease. Similarly, sorted ductal cells carrying these genetic mutations can also form PDAC, thus experimentally proving that PDACs can originate from both human acinar and ductal cells. RNA-seq analysis reveal the transcriptional shift from normal acinar cells towards PDACs with enhanced proliferation, metabolic rewiring, down-regulation of MHC molecules, and alterations in the coagulation and complement cascade. By comparing PDAC-like cells with normal pancreas and PDAC samples, we identify a group of genes with elevated expression during early transformation which represent potential early diagnostic biomarkers.
Findings from intervention studies designed to prevent obesity among preschool children are mixed. One approach to stemming the development of obesity in childhood is to alter children's choices and environments in ways that promote food literacy, acceptance of healthy foods, physical activity and self-regulation. Research on factors that influence the development of obesity in children has identified factors in children's environments that are potential targets for prevention programs. The goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of components designed for a preschool-based approach to preventing obesity in children. Using an innovative approach to optimizing behavioral interventions, the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST), we will examine the effects of a 28-week, randomized set of experiments designed to (1) increase children's nutrition knowledge, (2) increase physical activity in childcare settings, (3) increase emotional, behavioral and eating-related regulation, and (4) provide guidance to parents/caregivers about appropriate parenting and child-feeding strategies that promote healthy eating behaviors, dietary patterns and physical activity in preschool-aged children. Participants will include over 1300 predominantly low-income preschool children ages 3 to 5 years attending center-based childcare settings in Pennsylvania (\~100 classrooms). The proposed study will provide information on the most efficacious components that produce measurable changes in children's nutrition knowledge and obesity-related behaviors. The results of this study will be used to inform the design of a randomized controlled trial to prevent obesity in children.
The invention comprises substantially anhydrous ferrous fumarate having the empirical formula FeC4H2O4. It may be obtained by mixing a water-soluble ferrous salt and a watersoluble salt of fumaric acid in an aqueous medium at a temperature above 70 DEG  C. to precipitate the anhydrous ferrous fumarate which is then separated from the aqueous medium.  It is preferred to use ferrous sulphate as the water-soluble ferrous salt but ferrous chloride and ferrous acetate are also suitable. The preferred water-soluble salt of fumaric acid is sodium fumarate but ammonium- and potassium-fumarate may also be used. The anhydrous ferrous fumarate product is substantially stable on exposure to moist air and has the empirical formula FeC4H2O4.  In examples: (1) a solution of sodium fumarate is prepared by slowly adding fumaric acid to a solution of sodium carbonate in water, the pH being about 7, and a moderately hot clear solution of ferrous sulphate having a pH of 2.4 is added with mixing to the sodium fumarate solution which is maintained at 94-100 DEG  C. during the addition, the resulting slurry is stirred for 30 minutes and is then filtered and the residue is washed with water in a centrifuge and then dried in trays for 17 hours at 115 DEG  C. to yield anhydrous ferrous fumarate; (2) fumaric acid is added to an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate which is stirred and heated during the addition and the resulting solution of sodium fumarate (pH 6.8) is added to an aqueous solution of ferrous sulphate (pH 3.3) while maintaining both solutions at or near boiling temperature; the resulting slurry is then filtered and processed as in (1) except that the tray drying is for 15 hours at 110 DEG  C.  Examples are also given to illustrate the stability of the product on exposure to moist air. The product is stated to be valuable as a source of iron for medicinal purposes (see Group VI) or for agricultural purposes e.g. in the growing and maintenance of turf.ALSO:A haematinic composition in dosage form comprises substantially anhydrous ferrous fumarate (see Group IV (b)) and a pharmaceutical carrier.  The composition may be in the form of tablets of the anhydrous ferrous fumarate and a pharmaceutical carrier such as a filler, binder, or lubricant, or in the form of hard gelatine capsules filled with the anhydrous ferrous fumarate. Specified solid carriers are starch, gelatine, talc, stearic acid, and magnesium stearate and specified binders are liquid glucose, starch paste, acacia solution, and gelatine solution.  In examples: (1) a tablet granulation is prepared by moistening anhydrous ferrous fumarate with a mixture of equal parts of liquid glucose and water, magnesium stearate is mixed with the dried granulation and the mixture made into tablets each containing about 200 mg. of the anhydrous ferrous fumarate; and (2) as in (1) except that starch is also added.
The invention discloses an application of phlegmyheatclear in preparation of a drug for treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The present invention studies the effect of phlegmyheatclear on model of rats with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results show that high dose, middle dose, or low dose of phlegmyheatclear can, during the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, improve the lung function of the rats and the pathological damage of lung tissues of the rats in different degrees, and it is dose dependent. High dose, middle dose, or low dose of phlegmyheatclear can improve inflammatory reaction in different degrees. For the drug effects, the high dose and the middle dose of phlegmyheatclear are better than the low dose of phlegmyheatclear. Therefore, phlegmyheatclear can be used to prepare a drug for treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
An ocular device for placement under an eyelid includes a plate having a posterior surface with at least one protrusion having a convex contact surface that contacts a sclera of an eye and provides an offset space. The plate may be connected to an elongate support member. The ocular device may deliver a substance, including, for example, a pharmaceutically active agent, to the eye of a user. A housing for holding and dispensing an ocular device includes a compartment configured to hold a fluid, a stabilizer, and a cover. The cover is connected to the compartment and is rotatable between a position covering the compartment and a position where the compartment is uncovered. The lid may have a port for adding fluid to the compartment, and a receptacle that may hold an ocular device may protrude from the lid.
Six weekly sessions of LLLT. The treatment will consist of applying light of a specific wavelength (1064 nm) using a laser diode supplied by Cell Gen Therapeutics, LLC (CG-5000 laser, HD Laser Center, Dallas, TX, USA). Each laser stimulation session will consist of total 8 min, with eight 1 min/cycle treatments alternating between two locations on the right forehead.
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is high blood pressure in the lungs that originates from structural changes in small resistance arteries. A defining feature of PAH is the inappropriate remodeling of pulmonary arteries (PA) leading to right ventricle failure and death. Although treatment of PAH has improved, the long-term prognosis for patients remains poor, and more effective targets are needed.
METHODS: Gene expression was analyzed by microarray, RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunostaining of lung and isolated PA in multiple mouse and rat models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and human PAH. PH was assessed by digital ultrasound, hemodynamic measurements, and morphometry.
RESULTS: Microarray analysis of the transcriptome of hypertensive rat PA identified a novel candidate, PBK (PDZ-binding kinase), that was upregulated in multiple models and species including humans. PBK is a serine/threonine kinase with important roles in cell proliferation that is minimally expressed in normal tissues but significantly increased in highly proliferative tissues. PBK was robustly upregulated in the medial layer of PA, where it overlaps with markers of smooth muscle cells. Gain-of-function approaches show that active forms of PBK increase PA smooth muscle cell proliferation, whereas silencing PBK, dominant negative PBK, and pharmacological inhibitors of PBK all reduce proliferation. Pharmacological inhibitors of PBK were effective in PH reversal strategies in both mouse and rat models, providing translational significance. In a complementary genetic approach, PBK was knocked out in rats using CRISPR/Cas9 editing, and loss of PBK prevented the development of PH. We found that PBK bound to PRC1 (protein regulator of cytokinesis 1) in PA smooth muscle cells and that multiple genes involved in cytokinesis were upregulated in experimental models of PH and human PAH. Active PBK increased PRC1 phosphorylation and supported cytokinesis in PA smooth muscle cells, whereas silencing or dominant negative PBK reduced cytokinesis and the number of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.
CONCLUSIONS: PBK is a newly described target for PAH that is upregulated in proliferating PA smooth muscle cells, where it contributes to proliferation through changes in cytokinesis and cell cycle dynamics to promote medial thickening, fibrosis, increased PA resistance, elevated right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular remodeling, and PH.
TGFβ1 is a powerful regulator of fibrosis; secreted in a latent form, it becomes active after release from the latent complex. During tissue fibrosis, the EDA + isoform of cellular fibronectin is overexpressed. In pulmonary fibrosis it has been proposed that the fibronectin splice variant including an EDA domain (FN EDA+) activates latent TGFβ. Our work investigates the potential of blocking the 'splicing in' of EDA with antisense oligonucleotides to inhibit TGFβ1-induced EDA + fibronectin and to prevent the cascade of events initiated by TGFβ1 in human renal proximal tubule cells (PTEC). Human primary PTEC were treated with TGFβ1 for 48 h, medium removed and the cells transfected with RNase H-independent antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) designed to block EDA exon inclusion (ASO5). The efficacy of ASO to block EDA exon inclusion was assessed by EDA + fibronectin RNA and protein expression; the expression of TGFβ, αSMA (α smooth muscle actin), MMP2 (matrix metalloproteinse-2), MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinse-9), Collagen I, K Cadherin and connexin 43 was analysed. Targeting antisense oligonucleotides designed to block EDA exon inclusion in fibronectin pre mRNA were effective in reducing the amount of TGFβ1 -induced cellular EDA + fibronectin RNA and secreted EDA + fibronectin protein (assessed by western immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry) in human proximal tubule cells in an in vitro cell culture model. The effect was selective for EDA + exon with no effect on EDB + fibronectin RNA and total fibronectin mRNA. Exogenous TGFβ1 induced endogenous TGFβ, αSMA, MMP2, MMP9 and Col I mRNA. TGFβ1 treatment for 48h reduced the expression of K-Cadherin and increased the expression of connexin-43. These TGFβ1-induced pro-fibrotic changes were attenuated by ASO5 treatment. 48 h after the removal of exogenous TGFβ, further increases in αSMA, MMP2, MMP9 was observed; ASO5 significantly inhibited this subsequent increase. ASO5 treatment also significantly inhibited ability of the cell culture medium harvested at the end of the experiment (96h) to stimulate SMAD3 reporter cells. The role of endogenous TGFβ1 was confirmed by the use of a TGFβ receptor inhibitor. Our results demonstrate a critical role of FN EDA+ in a cycle of TGFβ driven pro-fibrotic responses in human PTEC and blocking its production with ASO technology offers a potential therapy to interrupt this vicious circle and hence limit the progression of renal fibrosis.
Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) has been associated with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in many populations and the prevalence of MG strains with macrolide-resistance associated gene mutations is increasing . While no MG diagnostic assays have FDA clearance in the United States (US), treatment for NGU is primarily focused on managing potential infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) using single dose 1 gm Azithromycin (a macrolide class of drug). Without testing for MG that might alter NGU treatment strategies, the current paradigm may be contributing to selective pressure resulting in increased macrolide resistance in MG. In Australia, awareness of the prevalence of MG and macrolide resistance-associated mutations has been facilitated by an approved diagnostic test manufactured by SpeeDx. Ltd. As a result of the epidemiologic information generated by this diagnostic tool \[MG ResistancePlus (MRP) Assay\], the Australian Sexual Health Alliance, who publish the Australian Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Management Guidelines for Use in Primary Care, have revised the management of men with NGU and MG infection. The new management guidelines include initial treatment of NGU with doxycycline, and concomitant testing for MG and macrolide resistance, with subsequent treatment for MG infected patients according to resistance results. We propose using the MRP assay in a population of men with NGU to determine the clinical impact of the Australian treatment strategy compared to the current standard of care for NGU on clearance of MG infection.
The persisting presence of opportunistic pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a significant threat to many immunocompromised cancer patients with pulmonary infections. This review highlights the complexity of interactions in the host's defensive eicosanoid signaling network and its hijacking by pathogenic bacteria to their own advantage. Human lipoxygenases (ALOXs) and their mouse counterparts are integral elements of the innate immune system, mostly operating in the pro-inflammatory mode. Taking into account the indispensable role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, lipoxygenases have counteracting roles in this process. In addition to describing the structure-function of lipoxygenases in this review, we discuss their roles in such critical processes as cancer cell signaling, metastases, death of cancer and immune cells through ferroptosis, as well as the roles of ALOXs in carcinogenesis promoted by pathogenic infections. Finally, we discuss perspectives of novel oncotherapeutic approaches to harness lipoxygenase signaling in tumors.
As with all therapeutic proteins, there is potential for immunogenicity. The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to ibalizumab-uiyk in the studies described below with the incidence of antibodies in other studies or to other products may be misleading. 

  
All subjects enrolled in clinical trial TMB-301 and trial TMB-202 (a Phase 2b clinical trial that studied TROGARZO administered intravenously as 2,000 mg every 4 weeks or 800 mg every 2 weeks; the safety and effectiveness of this dosing regimen has not been established), were tested for the presence of anti-ibalizumab antibodies throughout their participation. One sample tested positive with low titer anti-ibalizumab antibodies. No adverse reaction or reduced efficacy was attributed to the positive sample reported in this subject.
Approximately 10 cognitively normal young subjects will receive a single i.v. bolus injection of approximately 370 megabecquerel (MBq) (10 millicurie \[mCi\]) florbetapir (18F) and a single i.v. bolus injection of approximately 555 MBq (15 mCi) 11C-PiB.
Specific aim number one: To compare cardiac output measurements obtained from the Clear Sight cardiac output monitor with measurements obtained with thermodilution in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Significance: Currently, based on the Surviving Sepsis guidelines, fluid administration is supposed to be guided by measurements of fluid responsiveness. Currently, there are very few ways to obtain measurements of fluid responsiveness, such as cardiac output, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance non-invasively. The invasive methods are no longer used in pediatrics, as the risk of placing these invasive catheters is felt to outweigh the benefit of using the data provided by the invasive cardiac output monitoring systems. Although the Clear Sight cardiac output monitoring system has been validated in adults to measure cardiac output non-invasively, this technology has not been evaluated in pediatrics. If the Clear Sight monitoring system is shown to be accurate in pediatrics, it would safely provide data that could be lifesaving to a pediatric patient in shock.

Specific aim number two: To compare the accuracy of the Clear Sight cardiac output monitor in obtaining continuous blood pressure measurements non-invasively. Significance: Currently, the only reliable method to continuously monitor blood pressure in critically ill patients is with an invasive intra-arterial catheter. Placing this catheter carries risks with it, including risk of infection as well as risk of intra-arterial thrombus which can lead to limb ischemia. The Clear Sight cardiac output monitor has the technology to obtain continuous blood pressure measurements non-invasively, although this technology has never been validated in pediatric patients. Therefore, specific aim 1 is to determine if this technology can reliably be used in pediatric patients. If it can, this would provide a method to obtain continuous blood pressure measurements without the risk of an invasive catheter.

Hypothesis: Cardiac output and arterial blood pressure measurements taken non-invasively with the ClearSight system in will correlate with cardiac output measurements taken by pulmonary artery catheter thermodilution and arterial blood pressure measurements taken by arterial line. This hypothesis is based on personal communications with the developers of this device.
BACKGROUND: Predictive weight loss models can help patients meet their expectations after bariatric surgery and assist physicians in responding to deviations from the predicted weight. A model published by Seyssel et al. appears to accurately predict postoperative body mass index.
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to demonstrate this model's performance in terms of rapid detection of insufficient weight loss (surgical nonresponse).
SETTING: Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed weight and body mass index deviations at 2 years postoperatively, based on values predicted by the model of Seyssel et al. The primary outcome was the timing of detection of surgical nonresponse. The secondary outcome was how patients' weight loss expectations influenced their real weight loss.
RESULTS: Between 2016 and 2019, 190 patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Of these patients, 36 were lost to follow-up and 154 were included in this study. At 24 months, 16 patients had surgical nonresponse, defined as a real weight of +1 standard deviation higher than that predicted. Among these patients, 44% had a weight of ≥+1 standard deviation higher than predicted at 3 months, and 63% at 12 months. The positive and negative predictive values at 12 months were 59% and 95%, respectively. Patients with a lower hypothetically wanted weight (38.5%) exhibited greater weight loss (P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS: The predictive weight loss model of Seyssel et al. enables rapid detection of surgical nonresponse, allowing physicians to react as early as 3 months postsurgery. Patients' overestimation of postoperative weight loss was positively correlated with the actual weight loss achieved.