anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: High recurrence rate following curative surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a major clinical challenge. Understanding the site and timing of recurrence and their impact on post-recurrence survival (PRS) is important for optimal postoperative surveillance and therapeutic intervention. In this study, we investigated the influence of the time to recurrence (TTR) and initial recurrence site on PRS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicentre prospective cohort study included patients who experienced recurrence after NSCLC resection between 2010 and 2015. The relationship between TTR and initial recurrence site, and their impact on PRS, was further evaluated. The hazard ratio (HR) for PRS was analysed using the Cox proportional hazards model.
RESULTS: Among 495 patients, the median TTR was 14 (range, 1-158) months; the mode of recurrence was 11 months. Early recurrence within 6 months was observed in 17 % of patients, and 68 % of patients showed recurrence within 2 years post-surgery. The HR for PRS was the highest in patients with a TTR within 6 months, and a noticeable decline was observed after the first 6 months. The HRs of TTRs beyond 2 years were not significantly different. The liver was a significantly unfavourable prognostic site for metastases (HR 2.2; P = 0.01), and metastases frequently recurred within 6 months after surgery. The timing of brain metastasis did not significantly impact the PRS.
CONCLUSION: Earlier recurrence after surgery was associated with shorter PRS. In contrast, recurrences occurring >2 years after surgery do not significantly affect PRS.
Do not use Cetacaine Spray or Cetacaine Liquid to treat infants or children younger than 2 years.

Cetacaine is not suitable and should never be used for injection. Do not use on the eyes. To avoid excessive systemic absorption, Cetacaine should not be applied to large areas of denuded or inflamed tissue. Cetacaine should not be administered to patients who are hypersensitive to any of its ingredients or to patients known to have cholinesterase deficiencies. Tolerance may vary with the status of the patient.

Cetacaine should not be used under dentures or cotton rolls, as retention of the active ingredients under a denture or cotton roll could possibly cause an escharotic effect. Routine precaution for the use of any topical anesthetic should be observed when using Cetacaine.
Across all clinical trials in patients with NSCLC, the incidence of Grade 4 visual field defect with visual loss was 0.2% of 1719 patients [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Optic atrophy and optic nerve disorder have been reported as potential causes of visual loss.

In Study ADVL0912, visual disorders occurred in 46% of 121 patients with XALKORI, including 65% of 26 patients with ALCL and 50% of 14 patients with IMT. Of the 56 patients who experienced visual disorders, one pediatric patient with IMT experienced Grade 3 myopic optic nerve disorder. The most common visual symptoms were blurred vision and visual impairment. 

Assessment of visual symptoms for all patients is recommended monthly during treatment. Report new visual symptoms to an eye specialist.

For pediatric and young adult patients with ALCL or pediatric patients with IMT, obtain baseline and follow-up ophthalmologic examinations including retinal examination within 1 month of starting XALKORI and every 3 months thereafter. The ophthalmological evaluation should consist of best corrected visual acuity, retinal photographs, visual fields, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and other evaluations as appropriate [see Dosage and Administration (2.6), Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Permanently discontinue XALKORI for Grade 3 or 4 ocular disorders or severe visual loss (best corrected vision less than 20/200 in one or both eyes) unless another cause is identified [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)]. There is insufficient information to characterize the risks of resumption of XALKORI in patients who develop visual symptoms or visual loss. A decision to resume XALKORI should consider the potential benefits versus risks to the patient.
The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine, and discloses a pharmaceutic preparation including a mangiferin compound and a preparation method of the pharmaceutic preparation. The pH value of the pharmaceutic preparation including the mangiferin compound ranges from 7.0 to 8.0. The dissolving-out speed and solubility of the mangiferin compound are high with the pH value of 7.0-8.0, and then bioavailability is good. Preferably, the pharmaceutic preparation including the mangiferin compound is an effervescing agent, and the solution pH value of the mangiferin compound obtained after the effervescing agent is diffused with water added ranges from 7.0 to 8.0. The experiment shows that mangiferin effervescent tablets and mangiferin aglycone effervescent tablets are good in solubility, high in bioavailability and obvious in effect. The preparation method is easy to operate and suitable for industrialization production, the prepared pharmaceutic preparation including the mangiferin compound can become an even and stable alkaline solution fast after being stirred with water added, the taste is good, and the pharmaceutic preparation is convenient for patients to take.
Risk Summary   
There are no adequate and well controlled studies of mesalamine use in pregnant women. Limited published human data on mesalamine show no increase in the overall rate of congenital malformations. Some data show an increased rate of preterm birth, stillbirth, and low birth weight; however, these adverse pregnancy outcomes are also associated with active inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, all pregnancies, regardless of drug exposure, have a background rate of 2% to 4% for major malformations, and 15% to 20% for pregnancy loss. No evidence of fetal harm was observed in animal reproduction studies of mesalamine in rats and rabbits at oral doses approximately 1.9 times (rat) and 3.9 times (rabbit) the recommended human dose. Mesalamine should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. 

Human Data   
Mesalamine crosses the placenta. In prospective and retrospective studies of over 600 women exposed to mesalamine during pregnancy, the observed rate of congenital malformations was not increased above the background rate in the general population. Some data show an increased rate of preterm birth, stillbirth, and low birth weight, but it is unclear whether this was due to underlying maternal disease, drug exposure, or both, as active inflammatory bowel disease is also associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. 

Animal data   
Reproduction studies with mesalamine were performed during organogenesis in rats and rabbits at oral doses up to 480 mg/kg/day. There was no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus. These mesalamine doses were about 1.9 times (rat) and 3.9 times (rabbit) the recommended human dose, based on body surface area.
Meningovascular neurosyphilis is a rare manifestation of early neurosyphilis that causes infectious arteritis and ischemic infarction. We herein report a 44-year-old man with meningovascular neurosyphilis who presented with cerebral hemorrhaging. He complained of nausea, vomiting and lightheadedness. The patient tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and head computed tomography showed cerebral hemorrhaging in the upper right frontal lobe and left subcortical parietal lobe. Positive cerebrospinal fluid syphilis tests confirmed the diagnosis. He recovered after treatment for neurosyphilis and anti-HIV therapy. Our case highlights the importance of considering meningovascular neurosyphilis in young patients with multiple instances of cerebral hemorrhaging.
Randomized dyads in the experimental group will be asked to do at least one session weekly (ideally 3) skin-to-skin contact (SSC) lasting 2 hours until the age of 36 weeks. Auditory sensory stimulation by mothers or fathers (reading a book) will be carried out during the first 10 minutes during the SSC sessions. The SSC will be followed by a period of calm and rest of one hour during which the infants will rest in their incubator with breast milk's olfactory stimulation. Light and sound control will be done during the entire intervention.
Inflammatory response is a key for the emergence and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Studies have proved that Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb (APL) as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine has strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but how APL plays on DKD hasn't been reported. This work explored the effects and potential regulatory mechanism of APL in DKD, aiming to inspire new ideas for developing novel drugs for DKD. DKD mice were induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and treated with APL extract of different concentrations by gavage. Blood glucose, blood lipids, renal function and histopathological examination were performed using blood glucose meter and biochemical analyzer, HE staining, PAS staining and immunohistochemistry separately. Subsequently, Western blot and ELISA were used to determine the expression of inflammatory factors and JNK/p38 pathway proteins in mice kidney tissue. The results showed that APL concentration-dependently reduced blood glucose and lipid levels in DKD mice, alleviated kidney injury and reduced the expression of fibrotic factors and inflammatory factors in kidney tissue. In addition, APL also effectively inhibited the expression of the JNK/p38 pathway proteins. It can be speculated that APL may alleviate pathological damage and inflammatory response in DKD by inhibiting the JNK/p38 signaling pathway.
The objective of this randomized study is to investigate the difference between two regimens of transepithelial crosslinking. The study will compare two riboflavin dosing regimens during the crosslinking procedure. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking performed with two different riboflavin administration protocols during the UVA portion of the procedure. Safety and efficacy outcomes will then be compared between the treatment groups. In particular, the two groups will be compared with regard to their efficacy in reducing corneal curvature. Secondary outcomes will include visual acuity. Safety assessments will include a tabulation of adverse events, patient symptoms, loss of visual acuity, changes in endothelial cell density, and slit lamp examination.
The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition comprising a mycelial culture of Porostereum sp. (KCTC18837P) as an active ingredient for improving a skin condition. The mycelial culture of Porostereum sp. (KCTC18837P) was found to newly generate a 5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyphthalide ingredient in addition to extracellular polysaccharides and beta-glucan effective for improving a skin condition and skin beauty and to contain effective components such as inorganic components, amino acids, vitamins, and so on, and identified to have excellent effects of antioxidation, wrinkle reduction, skin moisturization, skin whitening, an increase of skin cell viability, and skin cell regeneration. Thus, the mycelial culture of Porostereum sp. (KCTC18837P) is expected to find advantageous applications in developing a cosmetic product for improving a skin condition.
Neutrophils and T lymphocytes are closely related to occurrence of immunosuppression in sepsis. Studies have shown that neutrophil apoptosis decreases and T lymphocyte apoptosis increases in sepsis immunosuppression, but the specific mechanism involved remains unclear. In the present study, we found Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) were significantly activated in bone marrow neutrophils of wild-type mice after LPS treatment and that they were attenuated by treatment with C29, an inhibitor of TLR2. PD-L1 activation inhibits neutrophil apoptosis, whereas programmed death protein 1 (PD-1)activation promotes apoptosis of T lymphocytes, which leads to immunosuppression. Mechanistically, when sepsis occurs, pro-inflammatory factors and High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) passively released from dead cells cause the up-regulation of PD-L1 through TLR2 on neutrophils. The binding of PD-L1 and PD-1 on T lymphocytes leads to increased apoptosis of T lymphocytes and immune dysfunction, eventually resulting in the occurrence of sepsis immunosuppression. In vivo experiments showed that the HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and the TLR2 inhibitor C29 could inhibit the HMGB1/TLR2/PD-L1 pathway, and improving sepsis-induced lung injury. In summary, this study shows that HMGB1 regulates PD-L1 and PD-1 signaling pathways through TLR2, which leads to immunosuppression.
INTRODUCTION: Combat casualty care requires learning a complex set of skills to treat patients in challenging situations, including resource scarce environments, multiple casualty incidents, and care under fire. To train the skills needed to respond efficiently and appropriately to these diverse conditions, instructors employ a wide array of simulation modalities. Simulation modalities for medical training include manikins, task trainers, standardized patient actors (i.e., role players), computer or extended reality simulations (e.g., virtual reality, augmented reality), cadavers, and live tissue training. Simulation modalities differ from one another in multiple attributes (e.g., realism, availability). The purpose of this study was to compare capabilities across simulation modalities for combat casualty care from the perspective of experienced military medics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: To provide a more complete understanding of the relative merits and limitations of modalities, military combat medics (N = 33) were surveyed on the capabilities of simulation modalities during a 5-day technical experimentation event where they observed medical simulations from industry developers. The survey asked them to rate each of eleven modalities on each of seven attributes. To elicit additional context for the strengths, limitations, and unique considerations of using each modality, we also collected open-ended comments to provide further insight on when and how to use specific simulation modalities.
RESULTS: Results showed differences among the simulation modalities by attribute. Cadavers, role play, moulage, and live tissue all received high ratings on two or more attributes. However, there was no modality that was rated uniformly superior to the others. Instead, modalities appear to have unique strengths and limitations depending on the training context and objectives. For example, cadavers were seen as highly realistic, but not very reusable.
CONCLUSIONS: The study furthers our understanding of simulation modalities for medical training by providing insight from combat medics on the benefits, limitations, and considerations for implementing different modalities depending on the training context. These results may be helpful to instructors in selecting modalities for their programs.
Severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis have been reported in patients who have discontinued anti-Hepatitis B therapy including Adefovir Dipivoxil Tablets. Hepatic function should be monitored closely with both clinical and laboratory follow-up for at least several months in patients who discontinue anti-Hepatitis B therapy. If appropriate, resumption of anti-Hepatitis B therapy may be warranted [See Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . 

In patients at risk of or having underlying renal dysfunction, chronic administration of Adefovir Dipivoxil Tablets may result in nephrotoxicity. These patients should be monitored closely for renal function and may require dose adjustment [See Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Dosage and Administration (2.2)] . 

HIV resistance may emerge in chronic hepatitis B patients with unrecognized or untreated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection treated with antihepatitis B therapies, such as therapy with Adefovir Dipivoxil Tablets, that may have activity against HIV [See Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] . 

Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogs alone or in combination with other antiretrovirals [See Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] .
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of joint disease and the leading cause of chronic disability among older adults. As an important component of the joint, synovium influences the inflammatory and degenerative process of OA. This study found that miRNA 182 (miR-182) in synovium-specific exosomes can modulate inflammation and apoptotic signaling. It also regulated different biological functions to promote the progression of OA. Experiments based on rat OA model and synovium samples from OA patients, we found that synovium-derived miR-182 regulates inflammatory response in the early stage of OA by regulating the expression level of forkhead box O-3 (FOXO3). However, the expression of miR-182 was significantly increased in synovial tissue of advanced OA, which was involved in the apoptotic signal of severe OA. These findings suggest that miR-182 may directly regulate OA progression by modulating FOXO3 production inflammation, and apoptosis.
PURPOSE: For novice learners, converting two-dimensional (2D) images of echocardiography to three-dimensional (3D) cardiac structures is deemed challenging. This study aimed to develop an accurate dissection method of the heart to reproduce the transthoracic echocardiographic views on cadavers and elucidate new educational methods in human anatomy dissection courses.
METHODS: A total of 18 hearts were used in this study. After reflecting the anterior thoracic wall inferiorly, the hearts were excised from embalmed cadavers. Thereafter, three landmarks were set on the heart for each plane of the incision, and the hearts were incised to observe the three different echocardiographic views, which include the apical four-chamber view (A4C), parasternal long axis (PLAX) view, and parasternal short axis (PSAX) view at the papillary muscle level. If all structures for observation during routine echocardiography are clearly observed in each view, a successful incision is considered. All procedures and incisions were performed by the medical students. After a successful incision, hearts were returned to the original position in the pericardial sac for further observation.
RESULTS: The success rates of incision for each view were 83.3% (5/6 success cases), 83.3% (5/6 success cases), and 66.7% (4/6 success cases) in the A4C view, PLAX view, and PSAX view at the papillary muscle level, respectively.
CONCLUSION: This dissection method could probably be employed to reproduce transthoracic echocardiographic views on cadaveric hearts, which is beneficial for novice learners for a deeper understanding of the anatomy.
INTRODUCTION: Systemic osteogenesis has been speculated to be involved in the pathogenesis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Our purpose was to compare the radiologic prevalence and severity of heterotopic ossification in foot tendons of Japanese patients with OPLL and to determine their association with systemic heterotopic ossification.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and radiographic data of 114 patients with OPLL were collected from 2020 to 2022. Control data were extracted from a medical database of 362 patients with ankle radiographs. Achilles and plantar tendon ossification were classified as grades 0-4, and the presence of osteophytes at five sites in the foot/ankle joint was assessed by radiography. Factors associated with the presence and severity of each ossification were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression and linear regression analysis.
RESULTS: The prevalence of Achilles and plantar tendon ossification (grade ≥ 2) was 4.0-5.5 times higher in patients with OPLL (40-56%) than in the controls (10-11%). The presence of Achilles tendon ossification was associated with OPLL, age, and coexisting plantar tendon ossification, and was most strongly associated with OPLL (standardized regression coefficient, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-2.38). The severity of Achilles and plantar tendon ossification was associated with the severity of ossification of the entire spinal ligament.
CONCLUSIONS: The strong association of foot tendon ossification with OPLL suggests that patients with OPLL have a systemic osteogenesis background. These findings will provide a basis for exploring new treatment strategies for OPLL, including control of metabolic abnormalities.
Study drug will be administered twice daily for 7 days prior to the initiation of RT (radiation therapy)and will continue twice daily during the course of RT. The RT schedule will be once daily for 5 days per week for 6 weeks (total radiation dose of 60 Gy. Oral temozolomide will be administered once daily (7 days per week) for the duration of RT. Four weeks after the completion of the course of RT, patients will be started on once-daily adjuvant temozolomide (Day 1-5 of a 28 day cycle) and PLX3397 twice daily (28 days of a 28 day cycle) for up to 12 cycles in the absence of progressive disease or unacceptable toxicities. After discontinuation of study drug, patients will continue to be followed for OS every 6 months. For patients participating in the run-in Phase 1b of the study, intra patient dose escalation will be permitted after a RP2D has been established. The Phase 2 portion of the study will enroll patients to be treated with PLX3397 at RP2D.

For the Phase 1b portion of the study, 2 cohorts (800 mg/day and 1000 mg/day) are planned to be enrolled at approximately 7-10 sites. Each cohort will consist of approximately 7 patients. Therefore, a minimum of 14 patients are planned to be enrolled in Phase 1b. Additional patients may be required for replacement patients, or if lower dose cohorts (600 mg or 400 mg) are required. For the Phase 2 portion of the study, enrollment is planned to include approximately 44 patients.
The invention relates to an externally-applied Zhuang medicine for treating beriberi and skin pruritus and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problem of poor curative effect of the prior medicine. The externally-applied Zhuang medicine is prepared from the following raw materials proportioning by weight: 10-20 of common lantana, 10-30 of yellow-corktree bark, 10-30 of Chinese knotweed, 10-30 of perfoliate knotweed herb, 6-18 of wrinkled gianthyssop, 4-12 of radix sileris and 8-22 of artemisia leaf. The medicine can be made into spraying agent, liniment, lotion, film coating agent,aerosol, ointment or tincture in a known method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pulverizing the seven raw material medicines into coarse powder, carrying out thermal refluxing extraction for 2-4 times by alcohol to the coarse powder to obtain an extracting solution, filtering the extracting solution, merging filtrate, then adding 2-4% of menthol and 2-4% of camphor, standing after stirring and dissolving, filtering and filling to obtain the liniment. The medicine has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic substances, eliminating dampness and relieving itching. The medicine can be used for not only treating skin pruritus, beriberi, maculae, pimple, blain, erosion and soakage caused by moist heat, but also treating persons with the symptoms of superficial mycosis infection and mosquito bite. The medicine has the advantages of good and quick curative effect, no side effect and little possibility of relapse.