anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Infectious susceptibility is a component of many inborn errors of immunity. Nevertheless, antibiotic use is often used as a surrogate in history taking for infectious susceptibility, thereby disadvantaging patients who present with viral infections as their phenotype. Further complicating clinical evaluations are unusual manifestations of viral infections which may be less familiar that the typical respiratory viral infections. This review covers several unusual viral phenotypes arising in patients with inborn errors of immunity and other settings of immune compromise. In some cases, chronic infections lead to oncogenesis or tumor-like growths and the conditions and mechanisms of viral-induced oncogenesis will be described. This review covers enterovirus, rubella, measles, papillomavirus, and parvovirus B19. It does not cover EBV and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis nor lymphomagenesis related to EBV. EBV susceptibility has been recently reviewed. Our goal is to increase awareness of the unusual manifestations of viral infections in patients with IEI and to describe treatment modalities utilized in this setting. Coincidentally, each of the discussed viral infections can have a cutaneous component and figures will serve as a reminder of the physical features of these viruses. Given the high morbidity and mortality, early recognition can only improve outcomes.
In addition to standard care, youth in the experimental group will receive the iPeer2Peer program, a peer mentorship program that will provide modeling and reinforcement of self-management by pre-screened and trained peer mentors (young adults with JIA aged 18-22 years who have learned to function successfully with their disease). Mentors will encourage participants to develop and engage in self-management skills and provide social support.
BACKGROUND: Maximum voided volumes (MVV) and maximum bladder capacities (MBC) are important parameters in the evaluation of lower urinary tract functions in children. However, consistency of MVV and MBC measurements between voiding diary (VD), uroflowmetry (UF) and cystometrography (CMG) in children with non-neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) has not been addressed specifically.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the MVV in VD and UF and MBC in CMG in children with non-neurogenic LUT dysfunction and investigate for possible factors for discrepancies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children with non-neurogenic LUTD were retrospectively evaluated with a focus on VD, UF, and CMG. VD applied for 2 days and MVV recorded except for first urine in morning. UF repeated in children with <50% of expected bladder capacity (EBC) for age. Highest value and post voiding residual urine (PVR) was recorded. CMG was performed if these conditions were present: High PVR or LUT dysfunction resistant to standard urotherapy (conservative management with biofeedback) and medical therapy (oral anticholinergics) or LUT dysfunction accompanied by VUR or recurrent UTI. MBC in CMG was recorded according to International Children Continence Society (ICCS) standards. MVV and MBC in VD, UF, CMG were compared and possible factors for discrepancy were investigated.
RESULTS: 54 children (median age: 10 (4-17) years) were included in the study. 39 (72.2%) were girls, 15 (27.8%) were boys. Median MVV was 232.50 (20-600) ml in VD, 257.50 (69-683) ml in UF and MBC was 184 (31-666) ml in CMG (p = 0.012) (Summary Table). In the subgroup analysis, it was shown that the bladder capacities obtained from all three tests were not compatible with each other in children younger than 10 years of age, in girls, in those with recurrent urinary tract infection, detrusor overactivity, high PVR and normal flow pattern (p = 0.003, p = 0.016, p = 0.029, p < 0.001, p = 0.045, p = 0.03, respectively).
DISCUSSION: There is a discrepancy between bladder capacities obtained from VD, UF and CMG In children with non-neurogenic LUT dysfunction. In particular, the lower capacity obtained from invasive urodynamic tests may be related to the poor compliance of children during the procedure. Therefore, when invasive urodynamics is required in these cases, we recommend that maximum cystometric capacity to be evaluated by comparing with voided volumes at UF, VD and other clinical signs and symptoms, and urodynamic parameters in more detail.
CONCLUSION: MVV in VD and UF are comparable, but MBC in CMG is lower in children with non-neurogenic LUTD selected for invasive urodynamic studies. More attention should be paid to bladder capacity obtained from urodynamic studies in children exhibiting the characteristics identified in the subgroup analysis. We believe that evaluating bladder capacity values, especially obtained from invasive studies, in conjunction with clinical findings can prevent misdiagnosis, over investigation and overtreatment in children with non-neurogenic LUTD.
The number of inflammatory cells in the gut wall of IBS patients is increased in comparison to asymptomatic controls. A significant increase in the number of both mast cells and T-lymphocytes in the mucosa of IBS patients have been reported. Electron microscopic studies demonstrated that mast cells were more frequently degranulated in IBS, suggesting their increased state of activation. Accordingly, an increased mucosal release of preformed mediators, such as histamine and tryptase, as well as de novo synthesis and secretion of arachidonic acid end products (e.g. prostaglandin E2) have been demonstrated. These mediators are known to target sensory nerve pathways, including those innervating the gastrointestinal tract, leading to visceral hyperalgesia.

Electron microscopic studies showed that the mean distance between inflammatory cells and enteric nerves is significantly reduced in IBS patients, thus providing a conceptual basis for a putative pathogenetic role of low-grade inflammation on sensory-motor dysfunction in IBS. Activated mast cells in close proximity to mucosal colonic innervation correlated with the frequency and severity of abdominal pain. Evidence that mast cell mediators of IBS patients, but not controls, evoked activation of nociceptive sensory afferent neurons are available, thus providing a possible mechanism through which mast cells can evoke pain in IBS patients. Similar results has been recently reported following the administration into the rat colon of supernatants collected from human IBS colonic biopsy samples in culture. This nociceptive effect on murine sensory neurons was inhibited by serine protease inhibitors and a Protease Activating Receptor-2 antagonist.
The application belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to composite transdermal recombinant fibronectin and application thereof. The present application provides a composite transdermal recombinant fibronectin comprising: a fusion polypeptide in which transdermal short peptide, fibronectin and collagen are sequentially linked; the amino acid sequence of the transdermal short peptide has an amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO. 1; the amino acid sequence of fibronectin is shown as the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 2; the amino acid sequence of the collagen is shown as SEQ ID NO. 3. The application discloses the application of the composite transdermal recombinant fibronectin in preparing a product for penetrating a skin barrier and promoting cell adhesion, cell extension and cell growth. The application provides a composite transdermal recombinant fibronectin and application thereof, which can effectively solve the technical problems of low transdermal capacity, cell adhesion, poor stretching and growth capacity of the existing fibronectin.
FIELD: organic chemistry, medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to novel derivatives of spiropiperidine of the general formula (I)   where R 1  means phenyl group that can be optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents taken among halogen atoms, lower alkyl groups, halogen-lower alkyl groups, lower alkoxy-groups, lower alkoxycarbonyl group, hydroxyl groups, lower aliphatic acylamino-groups, cyano-groups or 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group comprising 1-3 oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen atoms that can be optionally condensed with phenyl group; R 2  means phenyl group that is substituted with 1-3 fluorine or chlorine atoms; A means carbonyl group; B means an ordinary bond; D means oxygen or sulfur atom; E means C 1-4 -alkylene group;   means the group of the formula (II)   where G means C 5-8 -alkane ring substituted with hydroxyl group; Ar means phenyl ring; n is a whole number 1 or 2; or their pharmacologically acceptable alts. Invention relates to also a medicinal agent showing an antagonistic effect with respect to NK 1 -, NK 2 - and NK 3 -receptors and containing compound of the formula (I) or its pharmacologically acceptable salt as an effective component and excipient. Proposed compounds can be used for treatment or prophylaxis of disease that can be treated or prevented with agents showing an antagonistic effect with respect to NK 1 -, NK 2 - and NK 3 -receptors by administration of compound of the formula (I) or its pharmacologically acceptable salt in warm-blooded animal in effective dose. EFFECT: new derivatives of spiropiperidine indicated above, valuable pharmacological properties. 12 cl, 3 tbl
Disclosed are respirable dry powders comprising a respirable dry particle comprising monovalent and/or divalent metal ions, one or more therapeutic agents, and optionally an excipient. The metal ions are preferable magnesium, calcium or sodium. The powders are useful in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a respiratory disease or inflammation. The mole ratio of divalent to monovalent cation is between 2:1 and 8:1. In particular there is disclosed a composition comprising magnesium lactate, one or more therapeutic agents and leucine. The volume median geometric diameter (VMGD) is 10 microns or less, the dispersibility ratio (1/4 bar) of 2.0 or less as measured by laser diffraction (RODOS/HELOS system), and the tap density of about 0.4 g/cc to about 1.2 g/cc.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject agent capable of promoting the lipolysis in an accumulated fat cell and suppressing, preventing and improving obesity by including a specific edible mushroom as an active ingredient. SOLUTION: This lipolysis accelerator is obtained by including an edible mushroom or its essence as an active ingredient. At least one kind selected from the group consisting of Meripilus giganteus Karst. belonging to the genus Meripilus of the family Polyporaceae of the order Aphyllophorales, Marasmius maximum Hongo belonging to the genus Marasmius of the family Tricholomataceae of the order Agaricales, Collybia peronata Kummer belonging to the genus Collybia of the family Tricholomataceae of the order Agaricales or Oudemansiella brunneomarginata L. Vassilieva belonging to the genus Oudemansiella of the family Tricholomataceae of the order Agaricales is especially preferably used as the edible mushroom. An organic solvent such as methanol or ethanol or a mixed solvent thereof can be used for extracting the essence.  Thereby, the suppression or prevention of fats, an improvement in obese constitution or weight reduction in local or systemic fat tissues can be expected.
Aortic stenosis is the most prevalent valvular heart disease requiring intervention, especially in the elderly population. Surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are well established treatment options for symptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis, as they provide a significant survival benefit. Aortic stenosis may have an important impact on patients' quality of life (QoL). However, advanced age, comorbidities and frailty may limit the beneficial effect of aortic stenosis interventions in terms of QoL. Current guidelines mention the importance of frailty and avoiding the futility of interventions, but lack specific indications about decision-making. Also, there are limited data on how to specifically assess QoL in aortic stenosis patients since the most used questionnaires are validated in different populations (i.e. heart failure). The aim of this review is to summarize all the available tools for QoL assessment in patients with aortic stenosis; to report current evidence on the impact of TAVI on QoL; and to discuss the role of frailty and comorbidities in this setting.
Patients will receive SIOPEL-4 regimen (Cisplatin 70mg/m2, Doxorubicin 30mg/m2) then have surgery. Post surgery, patients with remaining metastases will be randomised to receive 6 cycles of either Carboplatin (500mg/m2) and Doxorubicin (40mg/m2) alternating with Carboplatin (800mg/m2) and Etoposide (400mg/m2), or Carboplatin (500mg/m2) and Doxorubicin (40mg/m2) alternating with Vincristine (3mg/m2) and Irinotecan (250mg/m2). Patients with no metastases will receive the standard treatment of 3 cycles of Carboplatin (500mg/m2) and Doxorubicin (40mg/m2).
The safety and effectiveness of CUBICIN RF in the treatment of cSSSI and S. aureus bloodstream infections (bacteremia) have been established in the age groups 1 to 17 years of age. Use of CUBICIN RF in these age groups is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies in adults, with additional data from pharmacokinetic studies in pediatric patients, and from safety, efficacy and PK studies in pediatric patients with cSSSI and S. aureus bloodstream infections [see Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), and Clinical Studies (14.1, 14.2)].

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of one year have not been established. Avoid use of CUBICIN RF in pediatric patients younger than one year of age due to the risk of potential effects on muscular, neuromuscular, and/or nervous systems (either peripheral and/or central) observed in neonatal dogs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) and Nonclinical Toxicology (13.2)].

CUBICIN RF is not indicated in pediatric patients with renal impairment because dosage has not been established in these patients.

CUBICIN RF has not been studied in pediatric patients with other bacterial infections.
The pre BCR complex plays a crucial role in B cell production, and its successful expression marks the B cell differentiation from the pro-B to pre-B. The CD79a and CD79b mutations, encoding Igα and Igβ respectively, have been identified as the cause of autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia (ARA). Here, we present a case of a patient with a homozygous CD79a mutation, exhibiting recurrent respiratory infections, diarrhea, growth and development delay, unique facial abnormalities and microcephaly, as well as neurological symptoms including tethered spinal cord, sacral canal cyst, and chronic enteroviral E18 meningitis. Complete blockade of the early B cell development in the bone marrow of the patient results in the absence of peripheral circulating mature B cells. Whole exome sequencing revealed a Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) of approximately 19.20Mb containing CD79a on chromosome 19 in the patient. This is the first case of a homozygous CD79a mutation caused by segmental uniparental diploid (UPD). Another key outcome of this study is the effective management of long-term chronic enteroviral meningitis using a combination of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and fluoxetine. This approach offers compelling evidence of fluoxetine's utility in treating enteroviral meningitis, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between noninvasive ventilation (NIV) compared with invasive ventilation and mortality in subjects with severe acute respiratory infection.
METHODS: This was a retrospective multi-center study of subjects with severe acute respiratory infection treated with ventilatory support between September 2012 and June 2018. We compared the 90-d mortality of subjects managed initially with NIV (NIV group) with those managed with invasive ventilation only (invasive ventilation group), adjusting by propensity score.
RESULTS: Of 383 subjects, 189 (49%) were in the NIV group and 194 (51%) were in the invasive ventilation group. Of the subjects initially treated with NIV, 117 (62%) were eventually intubated. Crude 90-d mortality was lower in the NIV group versus the invasive ventilation group (42 [22.2%] vs 77 [39.7%]; P < .001). After propensity score adjustment, NIV was associated with lower 90-d mortality than invasive ventilation (odds ratio 0.54, 95% CI 0.38-0.76; P < .001). The association of NIV with mortality compared with invasive ventilation was not different across the studied subgroups.
CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with severe acute respiratory infection and acute respiratory failure, NIV was commonly used. NIV was associated with a lower 90-d mortality. The observed high failure rate suggests the need for further research to optimize patient selection and facilitate early recognition of NIV failure.
The invention discloses a beta-hairpin antibacterial peptide with cross-chain interaction of tryptophan and isoleucine, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of bioengineering. The sequence of the antibacterial peptide WIF is shown as SEQ ID No. 1. The preparation method comprises the following steps: the beta-hairpin structure is stabilized by interaction between a pair of cross chains formed by tryptophan and isoleucine by taking PG as a corner unit, and the template XWRYRPGRWRYX-NH  2  is obtained, and when X=F and Y=I, the antibacterial peptide is named WIF. On the premise of replacing disulfide bonds, the invention not only maintains better stability, but also reduces the toxicity of the antibacterial peptide, and on the premise of maintaining better antibacterial activity, no hemolysis phenomenon is found in a detection range, the therapeutic index is up to 154.68, and the antibacterial peptide has better stability under the condition of reducing pH or interfering with some salt ions. In conclusion, the antibacterial peptide WIF has higher application value.
PUMAS is a clinician-administered psychotherapy intervention for prenatal insomnia that includes six weekly 60-minute sessions in an individual format. PUMAS combines behavioral sleep strategies with mindfulness exercises and tailors all components to pregnancy to improve sleep quality. PUMAS will be delivered via telemedicine video.
In the LIFE study, Black patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy treated with atenolol were at lower risk of experiencing the primary composite endpoint compared with Black patients treated with COZAAR (both cotreated with hydrochlorothiazide in the majority of patients). The primary endpoint was the first occurrence of stroke, myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death, analyzed using an intention-to-treat (ITT) approach. In the subgroup of Black patients (n=533, 6% of the LIFE study patients), there were 29 primary endpoints among 263 patients on atenolol (11%, 26 per 1000 patient-years) and 46 primary endpoints among 270 patients (17%, 42 per 1000 patient-years) on COZAAR. This finding could not be explained on the basis of differences in the populations other than race or on any imbalances between treatment groups. In addition, blood pressure reductions in both treatment groups were consistent between Black and non-Black patients. Given the difficulty in interpreting subset differences in large trials, it cannot be known whether the observed difference is the result of chance. However, the LIFE study provides no evidence that the benefits of COZAAR on reducing the risk of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy apply to Black patients [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].
All critically ill mechanically ventilated infants and children receive intravenous analgesic-sedatives which often include opiates and benzodiazepines (BENZO). Undesirable side effects from these drugs include respiratory depression, tolerance and dependence. Alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonists, dexmedetomidine (DEX) and clonidine (CLON) have excellent sedative-analgesics effects, do not cause respiratory depression and are opiate/BENZO sparing. While both are efficacious in providing sedation, several factors have led to a substantial increase in the use of the newer drug DEX over the more established drug CLON in adults, children and infants. However, studies to guide therapy and dosing for infants and children are lacking. While these infants and children do require less opiate/BENZO therapy and fewer days on mechanical ventilation, they quickly develop tolerance to and have significant withdrawal from DEX. This necessitates protracted weaning of DEX and longer length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) since DEX can only be administered as a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion. CLON, on the other hand, has a longer half-life and has formulations that allow for continuous or intermittent IV and oral administration. Dr. Gauda has an approved IND to use the epidural formulation of CLON intravenously in infants and children. The purpose of this pilot study is to determine the effective IV dosing scheme of CLON that can be safely used as an adjunct to analgesic-sedation management for infants and children in the PICU. It will include a total of 24 infants and children with 4 CLON and DEX exposed in each age stratum: 0-3, 4-6, and 7-12 months. We hypothesize that IV CLON can achieve optimal sedation and reduce the need for opiate/BENZO therapy in critically ill infants and children who would otherwise receive DEX, and thus, reduce the length of stay in the PICU. Data from this study will be used to inform a larger randomized trial and will directly benefit infants and children in Baltimore who are critically ill. Funds are requested to cover the cost of the CLON drug levels and the investigational pharmacy.
A data inputting system includes a communication device and user-activated control or input device, both coupled to a processor. Data and a focus indicator are displayed or otherwise communicated to a user through the communication device. The position of the focus indicator relative to the displayed data indicates a changeable portion of the displayed data. Changes to the displayed data are made by activating the input device, which may include one or more sets of up and down scroll keys. Each set of scroll keys may be used to change different portions of the displayed data. The processor automatically adjusts the position of the focus indicator based on predetermined criteria, thereby allowing changes to different portions of the displayed data. An associated method is disclosed wherein the focus indicator's position is adjusted after a predetermined time has elapsed from which the input device is deactivated.
Pre-existing cirrhosis is associated with increased mortality in blunt liver injury. Despite widespread use of nonoperative management (NOM) for blunt liver injury, there is a relative paucity of data regarding how pre-existing cirrhosis impacts the success of NOM. Herein, we perform a retrospective cohort study using ACS TQIP 2017-2020 data to assess the relationship between cirrhosis and failure of NOM for adult patients with blunt liver injury. 37,176 patients were included (342 cirrhosis and 36,834 without cirrhosis). After propensity-score matching, patients with pre-existing cirrhosis had higher rates of failure of NOM (32.2 vs 14.1%, p < 0.01) and in-hospital mortality (36.3 vs 10.8%, p < 0.01) than patients without cirrhosis. Hesitancy to operate on patients with pre-existing cirrhosis and trauma, as well as significant underlying coagulopathy, may explain these findings.