anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Osthole is a natural active ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Cnidium monnieri. It has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-hyperglycemic properties. However, its effect on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains uncertain. This study aims to assess the preventive and therapeutic effects of osthole on DKD and investigate its underlying mechanisms.
METHODS: A streptozotocin/high-fat and high-sucrose diet induced Type 2 diabetic rat model was established. Metformin served as the positive drug control. Diabetic rats were treated with metformin or three different doses of osthole for 8 weeks. Throughout the treatment period, the progression of DKD was assessed by monitoring increases in urinary protein, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and uric acid, along with scrutinizing kidney pathology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels. At the same time, immunohistochemical staining was utilized to evaluate changes in alpha-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, E-cadherin, and apoptosis. The alterations in TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway were ascertained through western blot and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, we constructed a high glucose-stimulated HBZY-1 cells model to uncover its molecular protective mechanism.
RESULTS: Osthole significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, serum creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, urinary protein excretion, and glomerular mesangial matrix deposition in diabetic rats. Additionally, significant improvements were observed in inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis levels. The increase of ROS, apoptosis and hypertrophy in HBZY-1 cells induced by high glucose was reduced by osthole. Immunofluorescence and western blot results demonstrated that osthole down-regulated the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway and related protein expression.
CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that osthole exhibits potential preventive and therapeutic effects on DKD. It deserves further investigation as a promising drug for preventing and treating DKD.
1417935 Naphthyridine derivatives RHONEPOULENC SA 13 May 1974 [15 May 1973 14 March 1974 (2)] 21081/74 Heading C2C Novel compounds I (in which one symbol X is =N-and the others are all -CY=; Y is H, halo, 1-4 C alkyl or alkoxy, CN or NO 2 ; A is =CH- and A 1 is =CH- or =N- or A is =N- and A 1 is =N-; Z is H, halo, 1-4 C alkyl or alkoxy or NO 2 ; m is 0 or 1-4; and (i) n is O or R is H, 1-4 C alkyl, 2-4 C alkenyl or alkynyl, 1-4 C hydroxyalkyl or phenyl or (ii) n is 1 and R is 1-4 C alkyl or hydroxyalkyl or phenyl) and acid addition salts thereof are prepared by (i) reaction of a piperazine II with a naphthyridine III or an alkali metal derivative thereof; (ii) reaction of a piperazine VIII with a mixed carbonate IX (in which Ar is phenyl which may be substituted by 1-4 C alkyl or NO 2 ) or (iii) oxidation of a compound I in which n is 0 to give a compound in which n is 1. Compounds III may be prepared by reaction of a compound V with a compound VI to give a compound VII cyclization of the compound VII to give an imide IV which is then partially reduced. Compounds VIII in which n is 1 may be prepared by oxidation of those in which n is 0. Compounds IX may be prepared by reaction of a chloroformate CICOOAr with a compound III. 2 - Amino - 7 - methoxy - 1,8 - naphthyridine is prepared by reaction of sodium methoxide with 2 - acetamido - 7 - chloro - 1,8 - naphthyridine. Pharmaceutical compositions useful as anticonvulsants and tranquillizers comprise a compound I or a suitable salt thereof in combination with a carrier or diluent.
[GB1417935A]
Methods, devices and composition are disclosed for treating oral, skin and nail diseases, including inflammatory periodontal disease, onychomycosis and dermatophytosis. In a preferred embodiment a method for treating oral, skin and nail infections comprises administering a photosensitizing compound in long term effect or timed release formulations, including local highly concentrated formulations, and activating the photosensitizer with radiation to selectively destroy bacteria, fungi and other microbial bodies. In another preferred embodiment, photosensitizers are housed within nanoparticles, and can be gradually released through biodegradation or periodically released by such processes as brushing, irradiation and chemically induced release. The diffusion speed of the photosensitizers can be accelerated by brushing. In another embodiment, the photosensitizer molecule is also modified to more effectively target the molecule to the unwanted oral bacterial and fungal species. In another embodiment devices for treating oral, skin and nail infections includes a laser radiation source and delivery apparatuses such as brush or teethed comb for nail and scalp infections respectively.
Quinine is an antimalarial recommended by the WHO and NMCP to be used as second line treatment for malaria. In this study, for cases of treatment failure with the artemisinin based combination therapies, quinine sulphate is administered as a second line or rescue drug at a dose of 25mg base per kg body weight per day in three divided doses for five days. The participant is then classified as ETF or LTF and excluded from the study.
BACKGROUND: Internalizing and externalizing problems have received great attention, and children with ADHD exhibit high rates of comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders. This study aimed to explore the relationship between sleep and internalizing problems in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the probable mediating role of externalizing problems.
METHODS: A total of 203 primary school children diagnosed with ADHD for the first time were recruited for this study. Children with ADHD were evaluated by Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Internalizing problems were represented by emotional symptoms and peer problems of SDQ, and externalizing problems were represented by conduct problems and hyperactivity-inattention problems of SDQ. Multi-step linear regression analysis was used to investigate the mediating effect of externalizing problems on the relationship between sleep and internalizing problems.
RESULTS: Sleep in children with ADHD was associated with emotional problems in internalizing problems, and conduct problems in externalizing problems mediated the association between sleep and emotional problems.
CONCLUSION: For children with ADHD, when it is difficult to identify internalizing problems, especially emotional problems, we can take sleep and externalizing problems as clues to improve our clinical ability to recognize and deal with emotional problems.
IMPACT: 1. We first explored the possible mediating role of conduct problems between sleep and emotional problems in primary school children with ADHD. 2. When it is difficult to identify internalizing problems, especially emotional problems, we can take sleep and externalizing problems as clues to improve our clinical ability to recognize emotional problems for children with ADHD. 3. For children with ADHD with potential internalizing problems, especially emotional problems, interventions for their sleep and externalizing problems may be the possible methods to deal with.
BACKGROUND: Improving noninvasive antenatal diagnosis of fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) can assist in the evaluation of prenatal risk and reduce perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in vaginally collected amniotic fluid is significant in identifying FIRS after preterm premature rupture of membranes before 34 weeks of gestation.
METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of 114 pregnant women and their newborns after preterm premature rupture of membranes at 22-34+6 weeks of gestation. SuPAR was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in vaginally collected amniotic fluid. Patients were classified according to the presence or absence of FIRS. FIRS was defined by umbilical cord blood interleukin-6 level > 11 pg/mL or histological funisitis. The data were analyzed using the R package (R-4.0.5).
RESULTS: SuPAR was detected in all amniotic fluid samples with a median of 26.23 ng/mL (interquartile range (IQR), 15.19-51.14). The median level of suPAR was higher in the FIRS group than in the non-FIRS group, 32.36 ng/mL (IQR, 17.27-84.16) vs. 20.46 ng/mL (IQR, 11.49-36.63) (P = 0.01), respectively. The presence of histological chorioamnionitis significantly increased the suPAR concentration in the FIRS group (P < 0.001). The areas under the curve for FIRS and FIRS with histological chorioamnionitis were 0.65 and 0.74, respectively, with an optimum cutoff value of 27.60 ng/mL. Controlling for gestational age, the cutoff of suPAR more than 27.60 ng/mL predicted threefold higher odds for FIRS and sixfold higher odds for FIRS with histologic chorioamnionitis.
CONCLUSION: Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid may assist in evaluating prenatal risk of FIRS in patients after preterm premature rupture of membranes before 34 weeks of gestation.
Current literature suggests that high busulfan area under the plasma concentration verses time curve (AUC) values (greater than 1,500 µM•min) may be associated with an increased risk of developing HVOD. Patients who have received prior radiation therapy, greater than or equal to three cycles of chemotherapy, or a prior progenitor cell transplant may be at an increased risk of developing HVOD with the recommended busulfan dose and regimen. Based on clinical examination and laboratory findings, HVOD was diagnosed in 8% (5/61) of patients treated with busulfan in the setting of allogeneic transplantation, was fatal in 2/5 cases (40%), and yielded an overall mortality from HVOD in the entire study population of 2/61 (3%). Three of the five patients diagnosed with HVOD were retrospectively found to meet the Jones’ criteria. The incidence of HVOD reported in the literature from the randomized, controlled trials was 7.7% to 12%  [see Clinical Studies (14)].  Monitor serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin daily through BMT Day +28 to detect hepatotoxicity, which may herald the onset of HVOD.
PURPOSE: To provide a bathing device capable of being used for treating a sick or wounded person and being effectively used for heating the body and promoting health by providing a bathtub storing a muscovado solution having the specific gravity of a specific value and a heating means heating the muscovado solution in the bathtub. CONSTITUTION: This bathing device is provided with a bathtub 1 and a heating furnace 2 serving as a heating means connected to the bathtub 1, and a muscovado solution 3 is stored in the bathtub 1. The heating furnace 2 is provided with a heating source 4 such as a burner and a heating tub 5 partitioned above the heating source 4, and the heating tub 5 is connected to the bathtub 1 via a lower guide-in pipe 6 and an upper guide-out pipe 7. The heating furnace 2 guides the muscovado solution 3 in the bathtub 1 into the heating tub 5 from the guide-in pipe 6, the muscovado solution 3 is heated by the heat generated by the heating source 4, and it is returned to the bathtub 1 from the guide-out pipe 7. The muscovado solution 3 having the specific gravity larger than 1.1 is used. The body is easily floated, and the motion can be facilitated at the time of bathing.
BACKGROUND: Intravitreal injections of angiogenesis inhibitors have proved efficacious in the majority of patients with ocular angiogenesis. However, one-fourth of all treated patients fail to derive benefits from intravitreal injections. tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) emerges as a crucial class of non-coding RNA molecules, orchestrating key roles in the progression of human diseases by modulating multiple targets. Through our prior sequencing analyses and bioinformatics predictions, tRNA-Cys-5-0007 has shown as a potential regulator of ocular angiogenesis. This study endeavors to elucidate the precise role of tRNA-Cys-5-0007 in the context of ocular angiogenesis.
METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assays were employed to detect tRNA-Cys-5-0007expression. EdU assays, sprouting assays, transwell assays, and Matrigel assays were conducted to elucidate the involvement of tRNA-Cys-5-0007 in endothelial angiogenic effects. STZ-induced diabetic model, OIR model, and laser-induced CNV model were utilized to replicate the pivotal features of ocular vascular diseases and evaluate the influence of tRNA-Cys-5-0007 on ocular angiogenesis and inflammatory responses. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase activity assays, RNA pull-down assays, and in vitro studies were employed to elucidate the anti-angiogenic mechanism of tRNA-Cys-5-0007. Exosomal formulation was employed to enhance the synergistic anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of tRNA-Cys-5-0007.
RESULTS: tRNA-Cys-5-0007 expression was down-regulated under angiogenic conditions. Conversely, tRNA-Cys-5-0007 overexpression exhibited anti-angiogenic effects in retinal endothelial cells, as evidenced by reduced proliferation, sprouting, migration, and tube formation abilities. In diabetic, laser-induced CNV, and OIR models, tRNA-Cys-5-0007 overexpression led to decreased ocular vessel leakage, inhibited angiogenesis, and reduced ocular inflammation. Mechanistically, these effects were attributed to the targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and TGF-β1 by tRNA-Cys-5-0007. The utilization of an exosomal formulation further potentiated the synergistic anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of tRNA-Cys-5-0007.
CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent targeting of tRNA-Cys-5-0007 for anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory therapy holds promise for enhancing the effectiveness of current anti-angiogenic therapy.
BACKGROUND: The provision of nutrition support for critically ill patients in the early phase of intensive care unit (ICU) admission plays a vital role in their recovery. However, there is still debate regarding the impact of nutrition adequacy of critical illness phases. We aimed to investigate whether nutrition adequacy in the acute phase (early and late periods) is associated with 30-day mortality in critically ill patients.
METHODS: We prospectively collected nutrition and clinical data from critically ill patients receiving exclusive enteral nutrition (EN) within the first 10 days of ICU admission. EN was classified as adequate when ≥80% of the prescribed EN was administered. Directed acyclic graphs were constructed to identify the minimum set of adjustment variables required to control for confounding factors. The relationships between energy and protein intake and 30-day mortality were assessed using the Cox regression analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 119 patients were evaluated (70 years old, 56.3% male, and 68.1% with medical admission). The 30-day mortality rate was 23%. After adjusting for confounders, in the late period (days 5-10), energy adequacy (hazard ratio [HR] =  0.960; 95% CI, 0.937-0.984) and protein adequacy (HR = 0.960; 95% CI, 0.937-0.982) were predictors of 30-day mortality. No associations were observed in the early period (days 1-4) of the acute phase.
CONCLUSION: In critically ill patients, nutrition adequacy (≥80% EN) during days 5-10 in the ICU was associated with a lower risk of 30-day mortality.
Epigenetics is a biological process that modifies and regulates gene expression, affects neuronal function, and contributes to pain. However, the mechanism by which epigenetics facilitates and maintains chronic pain is poorly understood. We aimed to determine whether N6-methyladenosine (m6A) specifically modified by methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) alters neuronal activity and governs pain by sensitizing the GluN2A subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in a model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP). Using dot blotting, immunofluorescence, gain/loss-of-function, and behavioral assays, we found that m6A levels were upregulated in L4-L6 DRG neurons in CINP in a DBP/METTL14-dependent manner, which was also confirmed in human DRGs. Blocking METTL14 reduced m6A methylation and attenuated pain hypersensitivity. Mechanistically, METTL14-mediated m6A modification facilitated the synaptic plasticity of DRG neurons by enhancing the GluN2A subunit of NMDAR, and inhibiting METTL14 blocked this effect. In contrast, overexpression of METTL14 upregulated m6A modifications, enhanced presynaptic NMDAR activity in DRG neurons, and facilitated pain sensation. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of METTL14-mediated m6A modification in DRG neurons to maintain neuropathic pain. Targeting these molecules may provide a new strategy for pain treatment.
People with SCI must perform regular exercise to improve function, quality of life, and reduce medical costs. However, SCI people with reduced mobility have difficulty exercising on their own without proper guidance in the community. Rehabilitation exercise for SCI people should be applied based on accurate functional assessment, and risk factors related to exercise should also be assessed. Community-based exercise programs are effective in removing various barriers such as lack of exercise programs, lack of experts, and lack of facilities.

This study aims to verify the effectiveness and safety of a systematically designed customized exercise program for SCI people who live in the community and want to participate in exercise. Based on the results of many previous studies, the investigators expect that program participants will have improved cardiopulmonary endurance and quality of life. Our study results will serve as a basis for creating an environment where more people with SCI can continue to exercise preemptively and in the long term.
This commentary considers the similarities which exist between pressure ulcers (PUs) and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). It aims to describe what is known to be shared-both in theory and practice-by these wound types. It goes on to detail the literature surrounding the role of inflammation in both wound types. PUs occur following prolonged exposure to pressure or pressure in conjunction with shear, either due to impaired mobility or medical devices. As a result, inflammation occurs, causing cell damage. While DFUs are not associated with immobility, they are associated with altered mobility occurring as a result of complications of diabetes. The incidence and prevalence of both types of lesions are increased in the presence of multimorbidity. The prediction of either type of ulceration is challenging. Current risk assessment practices are reported to be ineffective at predicting when ulceration will occur. While systemic inflammation is easily measured, the presence of local or subclinical inflammation is harder to discern. In patients at risk of either DFUs or PUs, clinical signs and symptoms of inflammation may be masked, and systemic biomarkers of inflammation may not be elevated sufficiently to predict imminent damage until ulceration appears. The current literature suggests that the use of local biomarkers of inflammation at the skin's surface, namely oedema and temperature, may identify early tissue damage.
BACKGROUND: Total laryngectomy (TL) is a surgical procedure commonly performed on patients with advanced laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma. One of the most common postoperative complications following TL is the development of a pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF), characterized by a communication between the neopharynx and the skin. PCF can lead to extended hospital stays, delayed oral feeding, and compromised quality of life. The use of a myofascial pectoralis major flap (PMMF) as an onlay technique during pharyngeal closure has shown potential in reducing PCF rates in high risk patients for development of PCF such as patients undergoing TL after chemoradiation and low skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Its impact on various functional outcomes, such as shoulder and neck function, swallowing function, and voice quality, remains less explored. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of PMMF in reducing PCF rates in patients with low SMM and its potential consequences on patient well-being.
METHODS: This multicenter study adopts a randomized clinical trial (RCT) design and is funded by the Dutch Cancer Society. Eligible patients for TL, aged ≥ 18 years, mentally competent, and proficient in Dutch, will be enrolled. One hundred and twenty eight patients with low SMM will be centrally randomized to receive TL with or without PMMF, while those without low SMM will undergo standard TL. Primary outcome measurement involves assessing PCF rates within 30 days post-TL. Secondary objectives include evaluating quality of life, shoulder and neck function, swallowing function, and voice quality using standardized questionnaires and functional tests. Data will be collected through electronic patient records.
DISCUSSION: This study's significance lies in its exploration of the potential benefits of using PMMF as an onlay technique during pharyngeal closure to reduce PCF rates in TL patients with low SMM. By assessing various functional outcomes, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of PMMF deployment. The anticipated results will contribute valuable insights into optimizing surgical techniques to enhance patient outcomes and inform future treatment strategies for TL patients.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: NL8605, registered on 11-05-2020; International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP).
WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT?: This is a summary describing the results from a phase 3 clinical trial called SUNLIGHT. The study looked at treatment with orally administered trifluridine/tipiracil plus intravenously administered bevacizumab in people with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) that is refractory to treatment.This study included people whose cancer had grown or spread beyond its original location after no more than two previous treatments. People in the study received either the combination of trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab or they received trifluridine/tipiracil alone. The aims of the study were to see how long people lived after treatment with trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab compared with trifluridine/tipiracil alone and to find out how well the combination of trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab worked at slowing down the spread of the cancer. Researchers also looked at side effects from taking the medicines and at how treatment affected people's physical functioning.
WHAT ARE THE KEY TAKEAWAYS?: People in the combination group lived longer (a median of 10.8 months) than people who received trifluridine/tipiracil alone (7.5 months). In addition, the time it took for the cancer to worsen was longer for those who received the combination treatment (a median of 5.6 months) compared with those who received trifluridine/tipiracil alone (2.4 months). People's physical functioning took longer to worsen with combination therapy (a median of 9.3 months) than it did with trifluridine/tipiracil alone (6.3 months), as measured by the impact of treatment on people's ability to carry out daily living activities. The most common side effects in both treatment groups were low levels of white blood cells, known as neutrophils (neutropenia), nausea, and low levels of healthy red blood cells (anemia).
WHAT WERE THE MAIN CONCLUSIONS REPORTED BY THE RESEARCHERS?: The results from the study suggest that treatment with oral trifluridine/tipiracil plus intravenous (IV) bevacizumab could help people with refractory mCRC live longer and maintain good physical functioning, and it could slow the worsening of their cancer.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04737187 (SUNLIGHT) (ClinicalTrials.gov).