anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: During the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, hospitals in the United States experienced a shortage of contrast agent, much of which is manufactured in China. As a result, there was a significantly decreased amount of intravenous (IV) contrast available. We sought to determine the effect of restricting the use of IV contrast on emergency department (ED) length of stay (LOS).
METHODS: We conducted a single-institution, retrospective cohort study on adult patients presenting with abdominal pain to the ED from March 7-July 5, 2022. Of 26,122 patient encounters reviewed, 3,028 (11.6%) included abdominopelvic CT with a complaint including "abdominal pain." We excluded patients with outside imaging and non-ED scans. Routine IV contrast agent was administered to approximately 74.6% of patients between March 7-May 6, 2022, when we altered usage guidelines due to a nationwide shortage. Between May 6-July 5, 2022, 32.8% of patients received IV contrast after institutional recommendations were made to limit contrast use. We compared patient demographics and clinical characteristics between groups with chi-square test for frequency data. We analyzed ED LOS with nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous measures with focus before and after new ED protocols. We also used statistical process control charts and plotted the 1, 2 and 3 sigma control limits to visualize the variation in ED LOS over time. The charts include the average (mean) of the data and upper and lower control limits, corresponding to the number of standard deviations away from the mean.
RESULTS: After use of routine IV contrast was discontinued, ED LOS (229.0 vs 212.5 minutes, P = <0.001) declined by 16.5 minutes (95% confidence interval -10, -22).
CONCLUSION: Intravenous contrast adds significantly to ED LOS. Decreased use of routine IV contrast in the ED accelerates time to CT completion. A policy change to limit IV contrast during a national shortage significantly decreased ED LOS.
The oral LD50 of isotretinoin is greater than 4000 mg/kg in rats and mice (>600 times the recommended clinical dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day after normalization of the rat dose for total body surface area and >300 times the recommended clinical dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day after normalization of the mouse dose for total body surface area) and is approximately 1960 mg/kg in rabbits (653 times the recommended clinical dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day after normalization for total body surface area). In humans, overdosage has been associated with vomiting, facial flushing, cheilosis, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, and ataxia. These symptoms quickly resolve without apparent residual effects. 

Zenatane causes serious birth defects at any dosage (see BoxedCONTRAINDICATIONS ANDWARNINGS). Female patients of childbearing potential who present with isotretinoin overdose must be evaluated for pregnancy. Patients who are pregnant should receive counseling about the risks to the fetus, as described in the BoxedCONTRAINDICATIONS ANDWARNINGS. Non-pregnant patients must be warned to avoid pregnancy for at least one month and receive contraceptive counseling as described in PRECAUTIONS. Educational materials for such patients can be obtained by calling the manufacturer. Because an overdose would be expected to result in higher levels of isotretinoin in semen than found during a normal treatment course, male patients should use a condom, or avoid reproductive sexual activity with a female patient who is or might become pregnant, for one month after the overdose. All patients with isotretinoin overdose should not donate blood for at least one month.
Background and Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease often linked with systemic conditions such as periodontal diseases (PDs). This systematic review aims to explore the association between inflammatory markers in saliva and PDs in MS patients, assessing the use of saliva as a non-invasive tool to monitor disease progression. Materials and Methods: 82 publications were examined after a thorough search of scholarly databases to determine whether inflammatory markers were present in MS patients and whether they were associated with periodontal disease (PD). Quality and bias were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, resulting in eight articles that were thoroughly analyzed. Results: The results point to a strong correlation between MS and periodontal disorders, which may point to the same pathophysiological mechanism. It does, however, underscore the necessity of additional study to determine a definitive causal association. Conclusions: The findings indicate a strong association between MS and PDs, likely mediated by systemic inflammatory responses detectable in saliva. The review highlights the importance of oral health in managing MS and supports the utility of saliva as a practical, non-invasive medium for monitoring systemic inflammation. Further research is necessary to confirm the causal relationships and to consider integrating salivary diagnostics into routine clinical management for MS patients.
The invention belongs to the field of brewing grape wine and discloses a grape wine with high resveratrol content as well as a preparation method and application of the grape wine. The grape wine is prepared from the following traditional Chinese materials, which are in homology of medicine and food, including medlar, pachyma cocos, peanut vines, sealwort, cinnamon, mulberry fruits and grapes. The grape wine has the health preservation efficacy of the grape wine and also has the health preservation drug efficacy of the traditional Chinese materials. According to the grape wine disclosed by the invention, the deficiency of the traditional health wine of poor taste is improved, and the strong and mellow taste of the grape wine is also kept. Proved by experiments, as the resveratrol content of the grape wine is obviously higher than that of the traditional grape wine, the grape wine is good in quality. The grape wine accords with the requirements of compatibility of the traditional Chinese materials, does not have toxic and side effects, achieves the purposes of balancing and tonifying yin and yang, is suitable for both males and females, is capable of gently tonifying kidney, aiding liver and the kidney, invigorating blood and essence and strengthening bones and muscles and has the obvious efficacies of tonifying yang, improving sexuality, resisting fatigue and ageing, strengthening immunity, softening blood vessels, whitening face, keeping facial appearance, delaying ageing and the like.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular basis for a Chinese pedigree affected with Achromatopsia (ACHM).
METHODS: A pedigree with ACHM which was admitted to the Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo University on April 14, 2023 was selected as the study subject. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out for the proband. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Related literature was reviewed, and clinical and genetic features of Chinese patients with ACHM due to variants of CNGA3 gene were summarized.
RESULTS: WES revealed that the proband and his younger brother had both harbored compound heterozygous variants of the CNGA3 gene, namely c.1190G>T (p.Gly397Val) and c.2013del (p.Gly672ValfsTer69), which were respectively inherited from their mother and father. The c.1190G>T was a known pathogenic variant, whilst the c.2013del was unreported previously. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the c.2013del variant was predicted to be likely pathogenic (PM2_Supporting+PVS1_Moderate+PM3+PP4). Literature review has identified 41 CNGA3 gene variants among 43 patients from 38 pedigrees, most of which were missense variants and had located in exon 8. Most patients were males, with nystagmus, photophobia, amblyopia and other symptoms during infancy/childhood as the main clinical manifestations, and there was a lack of genotype-phenotype correlation.
CONCLUSION: The c.1190G>T (p.Gly397Val) and c.2013del (p.Gly672ValfsTer69) variants of the GNGA3 gene probably underlay the ACHM in the proband. Discovery of the c.2013del variant has enriched the mutational spectrum of the GNGA3 gene and provided a basis for genetic counseling and reproduction guidance for this pedigree.
BACKGROUND: With the prevalence of obesity rising in the US, medical management is of increasing importance. Two popular options for the treatment of obesity are bariatric surgery (e.g. sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) and the increasingly popular GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 s). This study examines the initial and long-term costs of GLP-1 s compared to bariatric surgery.
STUDY DESIGN: We compared average 2023 national retail prices for GLP-1 s to surgical cost estimates from 2015 adjusted for inflation. We then plotted the cumulative medication cost over time against the flat cost of each surgery, thus calculating "break-even points" (when medication costs equal surgery costs). The findings revealed a crucial insight, for some GLP-1 s like Saxenda and Wegovy, the high cost of ongoing use surpasses the cost of RYGB in less than a year and sleeve gastrectomy within nine months. Even the most affordable option, Byetta, becomes costlier than surgery after around 1.5 years.
RESULTS: This highlights the importance of looking beyond the initial financial investment when considering cost-effectiveness. Additionally, while not directly assessed, this study acknowledges that GLP-1 s take time to reach full effectiveness, potentially delaying weight loss while accumulating costs. Concerns also exist about weight regain after discontinuing the medication.
CONCLUSION: This study is limited by the real-world variation for individual treatment costs (e.g. insurance), a limited evaluation of long-term costs associated with either treatment modality and their co-morbidities, and the reality of patient preference providing subjective value to either modality. Overall, the study offers insights into the financial trade-offs between GLP-1 s and bariatric surgery.
Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder are neurological disorders characterized by tics. Tics are involuntary, rapid motor movements or vocalizations that occur suddenly and repeatedly. In adults, the symptoms of Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder can be severe. These symptoms often cause difficulties in interpersonal relationships and high unemployment rates. Medication treatments are available for both Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder, but most are not completely effective and cause considerable negative side effects. Therefore, non-medication treatments are needed. This study will compare the efficacy of supportive therapy versus habit-reversal therapy for the treatment of Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder.

Participants in this open-label study will be randomly assigned to receive either supportive therapy or habit-reversal therapy. Over the course of 10 weeks, all participants will receive 8 treatment sessions of their assigned therapy. The supportive therapy will focus on educating participants on what tics are, how tics present themselves, the causes of tics, the common conditions that may occur along with tics, and environmental factors that may affect their tics (e.g. family, social, school, stress). Habit-reversal therapy will consist of awareness training, relaxation training, self-monitoring, and competing response training. Tic severity, tic-related impairment, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms will be assessed at each study session, using diagnostic interviews and self-report scales.
INTRODUCTION: 90% of cases of acute low back pain have no specific underlying cause. International guidelines are available to help identify those individuals who require specialized care. However, in our country, there is a limited emphasis on primary healthcare, with the primary focus on hospital-based care. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the diagnostic and therapeutic resources utilized in the initial care of patients experiencing low back pain at their first consultation with a specialist physician.
METHODS: Descriptive and cross-sectional study, with prospective data collection through a questionnaire administered to patients experiencing low back pain during their first visit to a specialist's office.
RESULTS: A total of 44 patients were included, with an average age of 53 years; 50% sought medical attention for chronic pain. Informal referrals were associated with the referring physician's specialty (non-orthopedic), patients with a higher number of emergency department visits, and longer waiting times to obtain the consultation; 52% of patients arrived with at least one complementary study.
CONCLUSION: Most of the referrals were appropriate; however, informal referrals were more common. Only 1/5 of the patients underwent an physical examination, and less than 30% of those with red flag symptoms presented with suitable complementary studies. The median waiting time for the consultation was 24 days.
Prescribing cephalexin capsules in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria.

Patients should be followed carefully so that any side effects or unusual manifestations of drug idiosyncrasy may be detected. If an allergic reaction to cephalexin occurs, the drug should be discontinued and the patient treated with the usual agents (e.g., epinephrine or other pressor amines, antihistamines, or corticosteroids).

Prolonged use of cephalexin may result in the overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms. Careful observation of the patient is essential. If superinfection occurs during therapy, appropriate measures should be taken.

Positive direct Coombs’ tests have been reported during treatment with the cephalosporin antibiotics. In hematologic studies or in transfusion cross-matching procedures when antiglobulin tests are performed on the minor side or in Coombs’ testing of newborns whose mothers have received cephalosporin antibiotics before parturition, it should be recognized that a positive Coombs’ test may be due to the drug.

Cephalexin should be administered with caution in the presence of markedly impaired renal function. Under such conditions, careful clinical observation and laboratory studies should be made because safe dosage may be lower than that usually recommended.

Indicated surgical procedures should be performed in conjunction with antibiotic therapy.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.

Cephalosporins may be associated with a fall in prothrombin activity. Those at risk include patients with renal or hepatic impairment, or poor nutritional state, as well as patients receiving a protracted course of antimicrobial therapy, and patients previously stabilized on anticoagulant therapy. Prothrombin time should be monitored in patients at risk and exogenous vitamin K administered as indicated.
Background: The incidence of awareness in patients undergoing general anesthesia has been reported in as many as 0.1～0.2% in western countries. But so far，medical literature about awareness during general anesthesia is still rare in China, and some small sampled studies in China showed a significantly higher incidence (1.5～6%) of intra-operative awareness. We believed that this multicenter, large sampled, prospective study would be very necessary for us to determine the incidence of intra-operative awareness in China, and analysis of the relevant factors would help us to understand why was the incidence of awareness in China much higher than that in western countries.

Methods: This is a prospective, nonrandomized descriptive cohort study that was conducted at 25 academic medical centers in China. 11,197 patients (age\>12, intubation or LMA during anesthesia) form 25 medical centers were enrolled to be interviewed by research stuff for evaluation of awareness at the 1st and 4th day after their general anesthesia. The structured interview questions were:⑴What is the last thing you remembered before you went to sleep? ⑵What is the first thing you remembered when you woke up? ⑶Can you remember anything between these two periods? ⑷Did you dream during your operation? ⑸What was the worst thing about your operation? An evaluation committee independent from the research stuff was constituted to verify the data from the medical centers. And then the incidence of intra-operative awareness in China was determined. General condition and details of the anesthesia procedure of the patients were also recorded during the anesthesia for a binary logistic regression analysis.
Tumour endothelial cells (TECs) are genetically and phenotypically distinct from their normal, healthy counterparts and provide various pro-tumourigenic effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of conditioned media (CM) from non-tumourigenic MCF-12A breast epithelial cells as well as from MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Significant increases in cell viability were observed across all breast CM groups compared to controls, with notable differences between the MCF-12A, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 groups. Despite increased viability, no significant differences in MCM2 expression, a marker of cell proliferation, were detected. Morphological changes in HUVECs, including elongation, lumen formation, and branching, were more pronounced in breast cancer CM groups, especially in the MDA-MB-231 CM group. qPCR and Western blot analyses showed increased expression of TEC markers such as MDR1, LOX, and TEM8 in HUVECs treated with MCF-12A CM. The MCF-7 CM group significantly enhanced HUVEC migratory activity compared to MCF-12A CM, as evidenced by a scratch assay. These findings underscore distinct angiogenic responses elicited by non-tumourigenic and tumourigenic breast epithelial cells, with tumourigenic cells inducing a hyperactivated angiogenic response. The study highlights the differential effects of breast cancer cell paracrine signalling on endothelial cells and suggests the need for further investigation into TEC markers' role in both physiological and tumour angiogenesis.
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations to C1-esterase-inhibitor (C1-INH) located on Chromosome 11q and inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. HAE is characterized by low levels of C1-INH activity and low levels of C4. C1-INH functions to regulate the activation of the complement and intrinsic coagulation (contact system pathway) and is a major endogenous inhibitor of plasma kallikrein. The kallikrein-kinin system is a complex proteolytic cascade involved in the initiation of both inflammatory and coagulation pathways. One critical aspect of this pathway is the conversion of High Molecular Weight (HMW) kininogen to bradykinin by the protease plasma kallikrein. In HAE, normal regulation of plasma kallikrein activity and the classical complement cascade is therefore not present. During attacks, unregulated activity of plasma kallikrein results in excessive bradykinin generation. Bradykinin is a vasodilator which is thought by some to be responsible for the characteristic HAE symptoms of localized swelling, inflammation, and pain.

KALBITOR is a potent (Ki = 25 pM), selective, reversible inhibitor of plasma kallikrein. KALBITOR binds to plasma kallikrein and blocks its binding site, inhibiting the conversion of HMW kininogen to bradykinin. By directly inhibiting plasma kallikrein, KALBITOR reduces the conversion of HMW kininogen to bradykinin and thereby treats symptoms of the disease during acute episodic attacks of HAE.
INTRODUCTION: TNFα-inducible matrix metalloproteinases play a critical role in the process of airway remodeling in respiratory inflammatory disease including asthma. The cationic host defense peptide LL-37 is elevated in the lungs during airway inflammation. However, the impact of LL-37 on TNFα-driven processes is not well understood. Here, we examined the effect of LL-37 on TNFα-mediated responses in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs).
METHODS: We used a slow off-rate modified aptamer-based proteomics approach to define the HBEC proteome altered in response to TNFα. Abundance of selected protein candidates and signaling intermediates was examined using immunoassays, ELISA and Western blots, and mRNA abundance was examined by qRT-PCR.
RESULTS: Proteomics analysis revealed that 124 proteins were significantly altered, 12 proteins were enhanced by ≥2-fold compared to unstimulated cells, in response to TNFα. MMP9 was the topmost increased protein in response to TNFα, enhanced by ∼10-fold, and MMP13 was increased by ∼3-fold, compared to unstimulated cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LL-37 significantly suppressed TNFα-mediated MMP9 and MMP13 in HBEC. Mechanistic data revealed that TNFα-mediated MMP9 and MMP13 production is controlled by SRC kinase and that LL-37 enhances related upstream negative regulators, namely, phospho-AKT (T308) and TNFα-mediated TNFAIP3 or A20.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that LL-37 may play a role in intervening in the process of airway remodeling in chronic inflammatory respiratory disease such as asthma.
Patients receive FLU and CSP as in Arm I and sirolimus PO QD on days -3 to 150 with taper to day 180. Patients also receive MMF PO TID on days 0-29 and then BID on days 30-40. MMF will then be discontinued without taper unless GVHD or disease relapse/progression occurs. Patients undergo allogeneic PBSCT on day 0 following the TBI.
To achieve maximum contraceptive effectiveness, Melodetta 24 Fe must be taken exactly as directed. Instruct patients to take one tablet by mouth at the same time every day. The tablet may be chewed and swallowed or swallowed whole. The patient should drink a full glass (8 ounces) of water immediately after the white tablets are chewed or swallowed whole. Tablets must be taken in the order directed on the blister pack. Tablets should not be skipped or taken at intervals exceeding 24 hours. For patient instructions for missed tablets, [see FDA-approved patient labeling]. Melodetta 24 Fe may be administered without regard to meals [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
FIELD: medicine, chemical-pharmaceutical industry, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the development of compositions showing the general tonic effect based on natural vegetable raw. Invention proposes an agent and a biologically active supplement comprising ginseng, wild rose and coneflower being these vegetable components can be taken as dried extracts. The agent can be made as a granule and capsule and the biological supplement can be made as a carbonated tablet. The proposed compositions enhance the general and physical working ability, diminish symptoms of acute and chronic inflammatory sicknesses in sportsmen, relieve symptoms of hepatic pain syndrome, normalize sexual functions and others. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of compositions, valuable medicinal properties. 7 cl, 3 ex