anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) causes devastating loss of upper limb function and independence. Restoration of upper limb function can have a profound impact on independence and quality of life. In low-cervical SCI (level C5-C8), upper limb function can be restored via reinnervation strategies such as nerve transfer surgery. The translation of recovered upper limb motor function into functional independence in activities of daily living (ADLs), however, remains unknown in low cervical SCI (i.e., tetraplegia). The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of patterns in upper limb motor recovery with functional independence in ADLs. This will then inform prioritization of reinnervation strategies focused to maximize function in patients with tetraplegia. This retrospective study performed a secondary analysis of patients with low cervical (C5-C8) enrolled in the SCI Model Systems (SCIMS) database. Baseline neurological examinations and their association with functional independence in major ADLs-i.e., eating, bladder management, and transfers (bed/wheelchair/chair)-were evaluated. Motor functional recovery was defined as achieving motor strength, in modified research council (MRC) grade, of ≥ 3 /5 at one year from ≤ 2/5 at baseline. The association of motor function recovery with functional independence at one-year follow-up was compared in patients with recovered elbow flexion (C5), wrist extension (C6), elbow extension (C7), and finger flexion (C8). A multi-variable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for known factors influencing recovery after SCI, was performed to evaluate the impact of motor function at one year on a composite outcome of functional independence in major ADLs. Composite outcome was defined as functional independence measure score of 6 or higher (complete independence) in at least two domains among eating, bladder management, and transfers. Between 1992 and 2016, 1090 patients with low cervical SCI and complete neurological/functional measures were included. At baseline, 67% of patients had complete SCI and 33% had incomplete SCI. The majority of patients were dependent in eating, bladder management, and transfers. At one-year follow-up, the largest proportion of patients who recovered motor function in finger flexion (C8) and elbow extension (C7) gained independence in eating, bladder management, and transfers. In multi-variable analysis, patients who had recovered finger flexion (C8) or elbow extension (C7) had higher odds of gaining independence in a composite of major ADLs (odds ratio [OR] = 3.13 and OR = 2.87, respectively, p < 0.001). Age 60 years (OR = 0.44, p = 0.01), and complete SCI (OR = 0.43, p = 0.002) were associated with reduced odds of gaining independence in ADLs. After cervical SCI, finger flexion (C8) and elbow extension (C7) recovery translate into greater independence in eating, bladder management, and transfers. These results can be used to design individualized reinnervation plans to reanimate upper limb function and maximize independence in patients with low cervical SCI.
Patients receive placebo twice per week and 25 mg exemestane PO QD. Courses repeat every 4 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
It was a systematic review and meta-analysis that aimed to compare the efficiency and safety of robot-assisted urological surgery using both the KangDuo and da Vinci robotic systems. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for all papers published through September 1, 2024. The focus was on English-language papers comparing the KangDuo surgical robot and the da Vinci system in urological procedures. The screening method focused on RCTs and cohort studies and followed strict criteria. Three cohort studies and two randomised controlled trials with 300 adult urological surgery patients met the inclusion criteria. These 150 patients were operated on with the KangDuo robotic system and 150 with the da Vinci system. The investigation showed that whereas KangDuo operations were slightly longer, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, and postoperative complication rates were similar. The KangDuo robotic system performs urological surgery as well as the da Vinci system, although it takes longer. Future large-scale multicenter randomized trials are recommended to gather further evidence and enhance clinical understanding.
Participants with first-line (1L)/previously untreated CLL were administered escalating doses of venetoclax (V) in combination with fixed dose bendamustine and rituximab (BR). Participants received six 28-day cycles of BR+V. Participants with 1L CLL received 6 months of single-agent venetoclax for a total of 1-year treatment duration. Single-agent venetoclax could be extended if there was detectable minimal residual disease (MRD) in the bone marrow and/or partial response (PR) after 1 year of treatment and upon the request of the treating physician.
Salicylic acid has been shown to produce desquamation of the horny layer of skin while not effecting qualitative or quantitative changes in the structure of the viable epidermis. The mechanism of action has been attributed to a dissolution of intercellular cement substance. In a study of the percutaneous absorption of salicylic acid in a 6% salicylic acid gel in four patients with extensive active psoriasis, Taylor and Halprin showed that the peak serum salicylate levels never exceeded 5 mg/100 ml even though more than 60% of the applied salicylic acid was absorbed. Systemic toxic reactions are usually associated with much higher serum levels (30 to 40 mg/100 ml). Peak serum levels occurred within five hours of the topical application under occlusion. The sites were occluded for 10 hours over the entire body surface below the neck. Since salicylates are distributed in the extracellular space, patients with a contracted extracellular space due to dehydration or diuretics have higher salicylate levels than those with a normal extracellular space. (See PRECAUTIONS.) 

The major metabolites identified in the urine after topical administration are salicyluric acid (52%), salicylate glucuronides (42%) and free salicylic acid (6%). The urinary metabolites after percutaneous absorption differ from those after oral salicylate administration; those derived from percutaneous absorption contain more salicylate glucuronides and less salicyluric and salicylic acid. Almost 95% of a single dose of salicylate is excreted within 24 hours of its entrance into the extracellular space. Fifty to eighty percent of salicylate is protein bound to albumin. Salicylates compete with the binding of several drugs and can modify the action of these drugs. By similar competitive mechanisms other drugs can influence the serum levels of salicylate. (See PRECAUTIONS.)
The present invention relates to oyster capsule food and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method is characterized in that oyster meat is used as a raw material; after the oyster meat is prepared into pulp, the pulp is autolyzed under the conditions of normal temperature, low temperature and ultraviolet irradiation, and then, the pulp is decomposed by enzymolysis of pepsin; the autolytic enzyme of the oyster can also be used for carrying out enzymolysis of exogenous enzymes; the neutral protease of bacillus subtilis can also be used for carrying out enzymolysis of single enzyme; the neutral protease of the bacillus subtilis and the stomach protease can also be used for carrying out enzymolysis of double exogenous enzymes. The foreign taste of an enzymolysis solution can be eliminated by dextrose, can be eliminated by mixed acid of citric acid and malic acid, can be eliminated by beta-cyclodextrin and yeast powder, and can also be eliminated by composite flavored protease. After the enzymolysis solution is clarified, the solution is concentrated, frozen and dried to be encapsulated. The method of the present invention can furthest preserve original physiological active substances in the oyster, and has the advantages of low cost and little pollution. The capsule food of the present invention can well keep effective components, and the shelf life of the product can be prolonged; in addition, the capsule food is convenient to carry and take.
The invention discloses a detoxification plaster with clonidine and the related preparation method used for curing opioid and tobacco-dependentance. The detoxification plaster is structurally composed of a protective layer, an adhesive layer, a control release membrane layer, a medicine storehouse layer and a back lining layer. The ingredients of the preparation are that: the medicine storehouse layer contains 10 to 40 percent of clonidine and 0 to 20 percent of transdermal enhancer and the rest are soluble or non-soluble substrates; the adhesive layer contains 0 to 30 percent of clonidine and 2 to 20 percent of transdermal enhancer and the rest is pressure-sensitive adhesive; the back lining layer is a PET membrane or a non-woven fabric; the protective layer is a PET film processed with antisticking treatment; the control release membrane is an EVA polymer membrane. The area of each plaster is 1-5square centimeters; each plaster contains 1mg to 5mg of clonidine. The invention is not addictive but fast in effect, high in cure rate and safe and convenient. The external release of the invention reaches zero-degree rate process.
We summarize the mechanism by which taurine (Tau) inhibits autophagy and induces iron apoptosis in hepatic stellate cells. Tau interacts with autophagy regulates multifunctional proteins, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Beta, and autophagy-related gene 5 to inhibit autophagy, binds to ferritin heavy chain 1 and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 to trigger ferritin autophagy, and interacts with glutathione peroxidase 4 to promote iron apoptosis. There is a solid rationale for developing Tau-based therapies targeting autophagy and ferroptosis regulation. From a pharmaceutical point of view, there are certain requirements for Tau protein delivery systems, such as loading efficiency, stability, and targeting. Nanomaterials should also contain a hydrophilic motif similar to Tau to optimize loading efficiency. Since Tau is a hydrophilic molecule with high water solubility, liposomes, micelles, and amphiphilic polymer nanoparticles may represent a superior choice. The nanostructure of the liposome includes a water region and a lipid membrane to sequester hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, respectively, whereas Tau is expected to be loaded into the water region. In addition, a representative method of actively targeting hematopoietic stem cells is introduced. A Tau-based method for the treatment of liver fibrosis is proposed based on the formulation of common liposomes (lecithin plus cholesterol).
Quantitative methods that require the measurement of zone diameters can also provide reproducible estimates of the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial compounds. The zone size should be determined using a standardized method2,5. This procedure uses paper disks impregnated with 2 mcg of clindamycin to test the susceptibility of bacteria to clindamycin. The disk diffusion breakpoints are provided in Table 1.

Anaerobic Techniques

For anaerobic bacteria, the susceptibility to clindamycin can be determined by a standardized test method2,4. The MIC values obtained should be interpreted according to the criteria provided in Table 1.

A report of Susceptible (S) indicates that the antimicrobial drug is likely to inhibit growth of the pathogen if the antimicrobial drug reaches the concentration usually achievable at the site of infection. A report of Intermediate (I) indicates that the result should be considered equivocal, and, if the microorganism is not fully susceptible to alternative, clinically feasible drugs, the test should be repeated. This category implies possible clinical applicability in body sites where the drug is physiologically concentrated or in situations where high dosage of drug can be used. This category also provides a buffer zone that prevents small, uncontrolled technical factors from causing major discrepancies in interpretation. A report of Resistant (R) indicates that the antimicrobial drug is not likely to inhibit growth of the pathogen if the antimicrobial drug reaches the concentration usually achievable at the infection site; other therapy should be selected.
The US transducer will be placed on the right side of the neck in the transverse plane over RIJV 2 cm above the sternoclavicular joint. The IJV will be identified by the color flow Doppler and compressibility.
Testosterone replacement therapy (TTh) is becoming increasingly common among men of reproductive age in the United States. An estimated 3 million men are on TTh; however exogenous testosterone use can disrupt the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, leading to reduced spermatogenesis and possible infertility. In normal physiology, the hypothalamus releases Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). FSH then stimulates the Sertoli cells in the testis to support spermatogonial differentiation and maturation. LH stimulates the Leydig cells in the testes to produce endogenous testosterone. Regulation of this HPG axis occurs via negative feedback where testosterone directly inhibits the release of GnRH and LH from the hypothalamus and pituitary, respectively. The use of exogenous testosterone thus leads to reduced Sertoli function causing diminished spermatogenesis.

The spontaneous recovery of spermatogenesis after cessation of TTh is possible but may take months to years and cause the patient to experience new onset of severe hypothalamic hypogonadal symptoms. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a naturally occurring protein that mimics LH and may be used as a therapy to support the return of spermatogenesis quickly with minimal side effects and resolve hypogonadal symptoms. Studies have shown that testosterone-induced infertile patients can recover sperm in the ejaculate in 4.6 months when treated with HCG supplemented with clomiphene citrate, tamoxifen, anastrozole, or recombinant FSH. With the cessation of TTh, despite the use of LH stimulatory protocols, these patients still experience hypogonadal symptoms. Recent preliminary results show the potential to offset hypogonadism symptoms that accompany exogenous testosterone cessation through administration of 4.5% intranasal testosterone gel. Natesto is a nasally administered exogenous 4.5% testosterone gel, administered from a non-pressurized, manual pump dispenser equipped with a specialized nasal applicator which administers 125uL (5.5mg of testosterone). Previous studies have shown that a single nasal dose has a rapid absorption with a Tmax at 60 mins and a half-life that ranged between 10-100 minutes. Three to four daily doses achieve eugonadal levels of circulating testosterone comparable to normal pulsatile-regulated release of testosterone. It has also been shown that men on Natesto maintain FSH and LH levels as well as total motile sperm count within the normal range. In this prospective study, the investigators seek to confirm the role of Natesto to combat hypogonadal symptoms in men trying to recover spermatogenesis following the withdrawal of conventional TTh.
Individuals in this group were under care by the Endocrinology Team with a diagnosis of an ACC and on mitotane. These individuals were further divided into 3 groups, depending on whether they had a mitotane plasma concentration, within (14-20mg/L), above or below the therapeutic concentration range.
Compositions and methods for the detection, prevention, or treatment of anthrax or other infectious diseases. In one aspect, the present invention provides methods for immunizing humans or animals against  Bacillus anthracis  or other capsulated pathogens. The methods include administering a capsular polypeptide of a pathogen of interest and a CD40 agonist to a human or animal. The capsular polypeptide or the CD40 agonist is administered in such an amount or frequency that an immunoprotective response can be elicited in the human or animal against the pathogen of interest. In another aspect, the present invention provides methods of using passive immunization with anti-capsular polypeptide antibodies to prevent or treat infections caused by  Bacillus anthracis  or other pathogens. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides methods useful for diagnosis of anthrax by detection of capsular polypeptide in serum or other biological samples.
The present invention advantageously provides for novel gene signatures, tools and methods for the treatment and prognosis of epithelial tumors. Applicants have used single cell RNA-seq to reveal novel expression programs of malignant, stromal and immune cells in the HNSCC tumor ecosystem. Malignant cells varied in expression of programs related to stress, hypoxia and epithelial differentiation. A partial EMT-like program (p-EMT) was discovered that was expressed in cells residing at the leading edge of tumors. Applicants unexpectedly linked the p-EMT state to metastasis and adverse clinical features that may be used to direct treatment of epithelial cancers (e.g., HNSCC). Applicants also show that metastases are dynamically regulated by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Finally, a computational modeling approach was developed that allows analysis of malignant cells in bulk sequencing samples.
Deposit contracts are effective at treating a wide variety of problems: smoking cessation, weight loss, and increasing physical activity. Despite the promise of deposit contracts, few earlier studies targeted problem drinking, since doing so required burdensome frequent monitoring - now overcome by remote alcohol monitoring. Earlier work relied on self- and collateral reports, breath alcohol concentrations during clinic visits, or an indirect non-specific marker of alcohol use. Despite these difficulties, earlier studies of deposit contracts were encouraging, with notable increases in: therapy participation; retention ; and abstinence duration compared to previous reports. Collectively, these studies show the potential of deposit contracts to reduce problem drinking but provide only limited evidence of its effectiveness. Still, these studies, and our recent success using contingency management with remote alcohol monitoring, provide a compelling rationale for examining whether a deposit contract program might provide a feasible, effective, and accessible way of helping people reduce drinking. Though there is limited systematic research on deposit contracts, deposit contract programs for various problems are widely available and have proven quite attractive. For example, a deposit contract weight loss website, has over 887,000 users with $62M in incentives paid. However, it is unclear if deposit contracts would be acceptable (and therefore feasible) to individuals interested in reducing their problem drinking. Therefore, we feel that the proposed deposit contract intervention utilizing remote alcohol monitoring could be a widely available and acceptable intervention for problem drinking for three reasons: (1) because of the effectiveness and convenience of our contingency management intervention using remote alcohol monitoring; (2) because of the widespread success of other deposit contract programs like DietBetã; and (3) because the potentially increased attractiveness and effectiveness of an intervention that can return an amount greater than the deposit. The adoption of a deposit contract intervention plus remote alcohol monitoring will only be accelerated by the "FitBit"-style alcohol monitoring devices being developed by many companies (we are currently independently evaluating one such device). However, making deposit contracts widely available will need evidence of their effectiveness, which requires large randomized controlled trials. The purpose of this R21 application is to develop this evidence by demonstrating that deposit contracts with remote alcohol monitoring are feasible and provide evidence of effectiveness needed to design and justify future studies.
Severe allergic reactions have been reported following polidocanol use, including anaphylactic reactions, some of them fatal. Severe reactions are more frequent with use of larger volumes (> 3 mL). Minimize the dose of polidocanol. Be prepared to treat anaphylaxis appropriately. 

Severe adverse local effects, including tissue necrosis, may occur following extravasation; therefore, take care in intravenous needle placement and use the smallest effective volume at each injection.

After the injection session is completed, apply compression with a stocking or bandage, and have the patient walk for 15-20 minutes. Keep the patient under supervision during this period to treat any anaphylactic or allergic reaction [see Dosage and Administration (2)].
Mitomycin C (MMC) was administered at 10 mg by intravesical instillation on Day 1. Four hours after instillation of MMC, CVA21 was administered by intravesical instillation of one of 2 ascending dose levels or schedules. Subjects received a second instillation of CVA21 alone on Day 2 without pretreatment with MMC.
Pediatric: The pharmacokinetics of diclofenac has not been investigated in pediatric patients.

Race: Pharmacokinetics differences due to race have not been identified.

Hepatic Insufficiency: Hepatic metabolism accounts for almost 100% of diclofenac sodium delayed-release tablets elimination, so patients with hepatic disease may require reduced doses of diclofenac compared to patients with normal hepatic function.

Renal Insufficiency: Diclofenac pharmacokinetics has been investigated in subjects with renal insufficiency. No differences in the pharmacokinetics of diclofenac have been detected in studies of patients with renal impairment. In patients with renal impairment (inulin clearance 60-90, 30-60, and <30 mL/min; N=6 in each group), AUC values and elimination rate were comparable to those in healthy subjects.
Manipulation of the intracellular redox state has been shown to alter cell activation pathways with resultant changes in cellular function. Previous studies have suggested that thiol oxidation, using the glutathione-depleting agent diethyl maleate, was able to inhibit endothelial cell activation. We hypothesized that this agent might exert beneficial effects following endotoxemia in the rat, a model where transendothelial migration of neutrophils is central to the development of hepatocellular injury. Sprague Dawley rats treated intraperitoneally with LPS (200 µg/kg) plus D-galactosamine (600 mg/kg) developed hepatocellular necrosis, as evidenced by liver enzyme release and morphological changes. Pretreatment with diethyl maleate abrogated this injury in a dose dependent fashion. Histology revealed reduced neutrophil accumulation in both the parenchyma and sinusoids, consistent with reduced neutrophil sequestration and transendothelial migration. This effect appeared to be related to the ability of diethyl maleate to prevent LPS-induced upregulation of both VCAM-1 mRNA and ICAM-1 mRNA in the liver as well as reducing TNF mRNA expression. In addition, diethyl maleate prevented hepatocyte apoptosis followings LPS treatment. The effect was reproduced when TNF was used as an inflammatory stimulus, suggesting a direct protective effect on the hepatocyte. Taken together, these studies show that redox manipulation through thiol oxidation may represent a novel approach to preventing liver necrosis and apoptosis in inflammatory conditions.