anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVES: Classically, hot flash studies included a baseline period of 1 week or longer. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of a 1-day baseline diary to a traditional 1-week diary.
METHODS: Raw data from 5 pilot studies and 15 phase III randomised controlled trials (RCTs), all of which used a 1-week baseline period, were obtained. Descriptive statistics were used to describe day-by-day variations in hot flash frequencies and scores, during the baseline week. Additional analyses evaluated whether the conclusions from any of the individual pilot studies would have been changed if only a 1-day baseline period had been used. For the RCTs, p values were recalculated using mixed models, adjusting for the baseline value by including it as a covariate.
RESULTS: A total of 2573 participants were included. On average, participants had 8.5 hot flashes per day on day 1. Mean hot flash frequencies and scores on subsequent days (days 2-7) were within 6% of day 1 values. When comparing a 1-day to a 1-week baseline period, there was an absolute difference of only 0.29 hot flashes per day (SD 2.25). Reanalysis for each pilot study revealed that no individual study conclusions would have been altered by a shorter baseline. For the RCTs, a shorter baseline period changed the results of only 1 of 24 comparisons from statistically significant to not significant, or vice versa.
CONCLUSIONS: A 1-day hot flash diary appears to accurately reflect the true frequency and severity of baseline symptoms in appropriately sized cohorts.
Patients will receive one weekly session for 5 weeks including best-evidence manual therapy and an eccentric loading exercise program for the shoulder musculature, particularly the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. The exercise program will be asked to be performed on an individual basis twice every day. The therapeutic protocol will be applied for 5 weeks. In addition, they will receive one session of US-guided percutaneous electrolysis. This intervention consists of the application of a galvanic electrical current with an acupuncture needle in the soft tissue, in this case the supraspinatus tendon.
Isocapnic hyperventilation (iHV) The normal physiology breathing is a careful balance between the number of breaths per minute (rate/min) and the depth of each breath (tidal volume, Vt). Together they make up the minute ventilation (MV), where MV= rate x Vt). To maintain stable homeostasis in the organism, the minute ventilation is closely regulated to maintain adequate uptake of oxygen and adequate elimination of the carbon dioxide (CO2) that is produced by the metabolism. Too low minute ventilation leads to a buildup of CO2 and decrease in blood pH (respiratory acidosis), while hyperventilation (too high minute ventilation) leads to an excess loss of CO2 and increase in blood pH (respiratory alkalosis). The same mechanism will also enable the organism to compensate any metabolic disturbances (up to a certain point): A metabolic acidosis will be counteracted by a hyperventilation, whereas a metabolic alkalosis will be counteracted by a hypoventilation, both with the ultimate goal of keeping the acidity (as given by the pH) as closely regulated as possible.

The concept of isocapnic hyperventilation (iHV) allows the person to hyperventilate while keeping the CO2 within normal limits at the same time. The ClearMate (Thornhill Research Inc., Canada) adds CO2 to the inspired air to compensate to the increased loss induced by the increased minute ventilation. This means that hyperventilation can occur, and a wash-out of volatile substances such as methanol will happen without disrupting the important CO2 balance.
BACKGROUND: Late-onset pain is frequent following COVID-19, and many pathogenetic mechanisms have been proposed. Identifying the main features of patients may help in designing tailored rehabilitative interventions.
METHODS: We enrolled post-COVID-19 patients with an increase in pain intensity of two points on the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRS) at 52 weeks compared to the pre-COVID-19 condition. All subjects were retrospectively monitored at 12, 26, and 52 weeks. A specific pain assessment was performed to determine the characteristics and mechanisms of pain. Catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and other psychological symptoms were evaluated. The pressure pain threshold (PPT) and temporal summation (TS) were measured and compared in age- and sex-matched healthy controls to analyse pain characteristics.
RESULTS: A total of 67 patients were recruited, with 20 of them presenting an increase in pain at 52 weeks. Subjects of the two subgroups were similar in demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline; significant differences in fatigue, anxiety, mobility, ability to perform daily activities, and general health perception were recorded at 26 weeks. Fatigue significantly predicted pain onset (β = 0.54, p = 0.002). Sixteen different body regions were identified as painful, with a pain intensity of 6.0 ± 1.9. Most of the samples did not show neuropathic or nociplastic mechanisms. No differences in PPT and TS were recorded between patients and healthy controls.
CONCLUSIONS: Almost one out of three patients hospitalized for COVID-19 developed pain 1 year later, and fatigue seems responsible for chronicity. An overlapping of conditions may explain late-onset post-COVID-19 pain, and a comprehensive approach must be considered for patient management.
SIGNIFICANCE: Late-onset pain is frequent in post-COVID-19 syndrome and an overlapping of different mechanisms seems to be responsible for its development. Among many predisposing factors, fatigue in the months before seems to be one of the primary causes of pain one year following infection and its management may help to identify new strategies for prevention and treatment of late-onset pain.
The progressive worsening of disc degeneration and related nonspecific back pain are prominent clinical issues that cause a tremendous economic burden. Activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) related inflammation is a primary pathophysiologic change in degenerative disc lesions. This pathological state is associated with M1 macrophages, apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPC), and the ingrowth of pain-related sensory nerves. To address the pathological issues of disc degeneration and discogenic pain, we developed MnO2@TMNP, a nanomaterial that encapsulated MnO2 nanoparticles with a TrkA-overexpressed macrophage cell membrane (TMNP). Consequently, this engineered nanomaterial showed high efficiency in binding various inflammatory factors and nerve growth factors, which inhibited inflammation-induced NPC apoptosis, matrix degradation, and nerve ingrowth. Furthermore, the macrophage cell membrane provided specific targeting to macrophages for the delivery of MnO2 nanoparticles. MnO2 nanoparticles in macrophages effectively scavenged intracellular ROS and prevented M1 polarization. Supportively, we found that MnO2@TMNP prevented disc inflammation and promoted matrix regeneration, leading to downregulated disc degenerative grades in the rat injured disc model. Both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were alleviated by MnO2@TMNP, which was attributed to the reduced calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P expression in the dorsal root ganglion and the downregulated Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Fos Proto-Oncogene (c-FOS) signaling in the spinal cord. We confirmed that the MnO2@TMNP nanomaterial alleviated the inflammatory immune microenvironment of intervertebral discs and the progression of disc degeneration, resulting in relieved discogenic pain.
NAC will be given via nasogastric tube (n,g.) 100mg/kg loading dose, then 75mg/kg/dose n.g. q 6h, administered 1h before a feed, for a total of 14 days. taVNS will be administered to left ear during active sucking with 2 daily feedings starting after 4 days of NAC, continuing for 10 days.
CYTRA-K CRYSTALS is an effective alkalinizing agent useful in those conditions where long-term maintenance of an alkaline urine is desirable, such as in patients with uric acid and cystine calculi of the urinary tract, especially when the administration of sodium salts is undesirable or contraindicated. In addition, it is a valuable adjuvant when administered with uricosuric agents in gout therapy, since urates tend to crystallize out of an acid urine. It is also effective in correcting the acidosis of certain renal tubular disorders where the administration of potassium citrate may be preferable. CYTRA-K CRYSTALS is highly concentrated, and when administered after meals and before bedtime, allows one to maintain an alkaline urinary pH around the clock, usually without the necessity of a 2 A.M. dose. CYTRA-K CRYSTALS alkalinizes the urine without producing a systemic alkalosis in recommended dosage. It is highly palatable, pleasant tasting, and tolerable, even when administered for long periods. Potassium citrate does not neutralize the gastric juice or disturb digestion.
Refrigerate AVONEX prefilled syringes and autoinjectors at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) in the original carton to protect from light. DO NOT FREEZE. Once removed from the refrigerator, allow prefilled syringes and autoinjectors to warm to room temperature (about 30 minutes). Do not use external heat sources such as hot water to warm AVONEX. 

Should refrigeration be unavailable, a prefilled syringe or autoinjector may be stored at room temperature up to 25°C (77°F) for a period up to 7 days. DO NOT EXPOSE TO HIGH TEMPERATURES. Once the product is removed from the refrigerator, it must not be stored above 25°C (77°F). If the product has been exposed to conditions other than those recommended, DISCARD THE PRODUCT and DO NOT USE. 

Do not use beyond the expiration date. 

AVONEX Prefilled Syringe and AVONEX PEN contain natural rubber latex which may cause allergic reactions.
Participants will be Hematology/Oncology Fellows at SJCRH. They will participate in a 30-90 minute focus group.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a hair growing agent comprising a composition containing one or more kinds selected from trehalose and a cyclodextrin and a water-soluble polymer. SOLUTION: This hair growing agent is obtained by compounding 0.5-20wt.% of one or more kinds of components selected from trehalose and a cyclodextrin and 0.1-10wt.% of a water-soluble polymer and further adequately a known additive and formulating the obtained mixture into an aqueous solution, an aqueous suspension, a milk lotion, a cream, a gel, an aerosol, etc., preferably a lotion. As the water-soluble polymer, a polysaccharide (e.g. tamarind gum) and/or a synthetic polymer (e.g. a polyvinyl alcohol) is suitable, and one or more kinds are selected for use. The composition enables the activation of hair matrix cells (hair growing or restoring) based on the effect by which a resting period is converted into a growing period in a hair cycle (breaking a resting period) when applied on the hair matrix cells.  The composition can be used for an animal including a human in vivo or in vitro.
Patients receiving AVINZA (morphine sulfate extended-release capsules) should be given the following instructions by the physician:

  1. Patients should be advised that AVINZA capsules contain morphine and should be taken once daily.
  2. AVINZA must be swallowed whole (not chewed, crushed, or dissolved) or AVINZA may be opened and the entire bead contents sprinkled on a small amount of applesauce immediately prior to ingestion. The beads must NOT be chewed, crushed, or dissolved due to the risk of exposure to a potentially toxic dose of morphine.
  3. Patients should be informed that they must not consume alcoholic beverages while on AVINZA therapy. Additionally, patients should be informed that they must not use prescription or non-prescription medication containing alcohol while on AVINZA therapy. Consumption of alcohol while taking AVINZA may result in the rapid release and absorption of a potentially fatal dose of morphine.
  4. The dose of AVINZA should not be adjusted without consulting with a physician or other healthcare professional.
  5. Patients should be advised that AVINZA may impair mental and/or physical ability required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks (e.g., driving, operating machinery). Patients started on AVINZA or patients whose dose has been adjusted should refrain from any potentially dangerous activity until it is established that they are not adversely affected.
  6. Patients should be advised that AVINZA should not be combined with alcohol or other CNS depressants (e.g., sleep medications, tranquilizers). A physician should be consulted if other medications are currently being used or are added in the future.
  7. Women of childbearing potential who become or are planning to become pregnant should consult a physician prior to initiating or continuing therapy with AVINZA.
  8. If patients have been receiving treatment with AVINZA for more than a few weeks and cessation of therapy is indicated, they should be counseled on the importance of safely tapering the dose and that abruptly discontinuing the medication could precipitate withdrawal symptoms. The physician should provide a dose schedule to accomplish a gradual discontinuation of the medication.
  9. Patients should be advised that AVINZA is a potential drug of abuse. They should protect it from theft. It should never be given to anyone other than the individual for whom it was prescribed.
  10. Patients should be instructed to keep AVINZA in a secure place out of the reach of children. When AVINZA is no longer needed, the unused capsules should be destroyed by flushing down the toilet.



As with other opioids, patients taking AVINZA should be advised of the potential for severe constipation; appropriate laxatives, and/or stool softeners as well as other appropriate treatments should be initiated from the onset of opioid therapy.
Kawasaki disease (KD) and Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) are the two most predominant types of childhood vasculitis. In childhood vasculitis, factors such as lack of sensitive diagnostic indicators and adverse effects of drug therapy may cause multiorgan system involvement and complications and even death. Many studies suggest that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the mechanism of vasculitis development in children and can be used to diagnose or predict prognosis by lncRNAs. In existing drug therapies, lncRNAs are also involved in drug-mediated treatment mechanisms and are expected to improve drug toxicity. The aim of this review is to summarize the link between lncRNAs and the pathogenesis of KD and HSP. In addition, we review the potential applications of lncRNAs in multiple dimensions, such as diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction. This review highlights that targeting lncRNAs may be a novel therapeutic strategy to improve and treat KD and HSP.
Each subject in this study will receive two treatments (A and B) separated by at least 14 days of washout period. Treatment A is a 250 mg single oral dose of crizotinib administered in a fasted state as 1x 250 mg Formulated Capsule. Treatment B consists of 40 mg daily esomeprazole dose from Day 1 to Day 5 and a 250 mg single oral dose of crizotinib administered in a fasted state as 1x 250 mg Formulated Capsule on Day 5.
Early identification of the sources of infection in emergency department (ED) patients of sepsis remains challenging. Computed tomography (CT) has the potential to identify sources of infection. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the role of CT in identifying sources of infection in patients with sepsis without obvious infection foci in the ED. A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with fever and sepsis visiting the ED of Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between July 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. Data on patient demographics, vital signs, clinical symptoms, underlying medical conditions, laboratory results, administered interventions, length of hospital stay, and mortality outcomes were collected and analyzed. Of 218 patients included in the study, 139 (63.8%) had positive CT findings. The most common sources of infection detected by CT included liver abscesses, acute pyelonephritis, and cholangitis. Laboratory results showed that patients with positive CT findings had higher white blood cell and absolute neutrophil counts and lower hemoglobin levels. Positive blood culture results were more common in patients with positive CT findings. Additionally, the length of hospital stay was longer in the group with positive CT findings. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that hemoglobin levels and positive blood culture results independently predicted positive CT findings in patients with fever or sepsis without an obvious source of infection. In patients with sepsis with an undetermined infection focus, those presenting with leukocytosis, anemia, and elevated absolute neutrophil counts tended to have positive findings on abdominal CT scans. These patients had high rates of bacteremia and longer lengths of stay. Abdominal CT remains a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying infection sources in carefully selected patients with sepsis of undetermined infection origins.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) shares podocyte damage as an essential pathological finding. Several mechanisms underlying podocyte injury have been proposed, but many important questions remain. Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) is a serine/threonine kinase responsible for a wide array of cellular functions. We found that ROCK2 is activated in podocytes of adriamycin (ADR)-induced FSGS mice and cultured podocytes stimulated with ADR. Conditional knockout mice in which the ROCK2 gene was selectively disrupted in podocytes (PR2KO) were resistant to albuminuria, glomerular sclerosis, and podocyte damage induced by ADR injection. In addition, pharmacological intervention for ROCK2 significantly ameliorated podocyte loss and kidney sclerosis in a murine model of FSGS by abrogating profibrotic factors. RNA sequencing of podocytes treated with a ROCK2 inhibitor proved that ROCK2 is a cyclic nucleotide signaling pathway regulator. Our study highlights the potential utility of ROCK2 inhibition as a therapeutic option for FSGS.
Sexually active young women aged 12 to 22 years of age without a previous history of CIN. Women are not eligible for entry if pregnant or known immunosuppression.
The control is a mobile phone airtime transfer value of 50 Ksh. transferred through the electronic system for each health facility appointment honoured for ANC, delivery, postnatal care and childhood immunization; and referrals related to any of these visits.
Administer oseltamivir phosphate for the treatment of influenza in patients 2 weeks of age or older [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)] or for prophylaxis of influenza in patients 1 year and older [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].   
The capsules may be taken with or without food; however, tolerability may be enhanced if oseltamivir phosphate is taken with food.

Adjust the oseltamivir phosphate dosage in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].

For patients who cannot swallow capsules, oseltamivir phosphate for oral suspension is the preferred formulation. When oseltamivir phosphate for oral suspension is not available from wholesaler or the manufacturer, oseltamivir phosphate capsules may be opened and mixed with sweetened liquids such as regular or sugar‐free chocolate syrup, corn syrup, caramel topping, or light brown sugar (dissolved in water). During emergency situations and when neither the oral suspension or the age‐appropriate strengths of oseltamivir phosphate capsules to mix with sweetened liquids are available, then a pharmacist may prepare an emergency supply of oral suspension from oseltamivir phosphate 75 mg capsules [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)].
PURPOSE:To obtain a sustainable fragrance by formulating a panthenol deriva tive with an essential oil or its mixture with a synthetic fragrance. CONSTITUTION:This sustainable fragrance is obtained by formulating 1-10 pts.wt. of a compound of the formula (R<1> is H or an acyl; R<2> is a lower alkyl; optically representing dextro-rotatory or levo-rotatory power or recemic modification) with 1 pt.wt. of an essential oil or its mixture with a synthetic fragrance. Use of the essential ingredient having analgesic activity, tension relaxation activity antidepressant activity relaxing activity, etc., mitigates over a long time such uncomfortable symptoms as sneeze, mucus or nasal obstruction due to pollinosis, rhinitis allergy, cold, etc., leading to refreshing feeling. Also, this sustainable fragrance can be used by infiltrating it into gauzes, nonwoven fabrics or Japanese paper, by holding it on masks, etc.; or it can be used by infiltrating it directly into handkerchieves or tissue paper and smelling them when needed. The compound of the formula is e.g. D(+)-panthotenyl ethyl ether.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the most common diseases in the digestive system related to aberrant inflammation. V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing 4 (VSIG4), a type I transmembrane receptor exclusively expressed in a subset of tissue-resident macrophages, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory activity in immune-related diseases, which has been not explored in IBD yet. This study aims to explore the role and the potential mechanism of VSIG4 in IBD. Clinical samples were obtained from IBD patients and were examined by immunohistochemical staining. THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages, and then stimulated with IL-4 plus IL-13 or LPS to induce pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. Cell transfection was conducted to overexpress VSIG4. Western blot and immunofluorescence assays were performed to assess NLRP3 inflammasome- and pyroptosis-related proteins. Cytokines were measured using ELISA. A cell co-culture model of Caco-2 cells and VSIG4-mediated macrophages were established. Cell viability and apoptosis was examined by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. VSIG4 was downregulated in IBD and was negatively correlated with NLRP3 inflammasome. M1 macrophages exhibited higher levels of NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis and inflammatory response than M2 macrophages, while VSIG4 overexpression efficiently reversed these changes in M1 macrophages. In addition, VSIG4 overexpression partly abolished M1 macrophages-induced cell viability loss, inflammatory response, apoptosis and pyroptosis in Caco-2 cells. Collectively, VSIG4 might alleviate intestinal inflammation through regulating M1/M2 macrophages, providing novel insights for the treatment of human IBD.