anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Most primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed in the United States utilize cementless fixation with porous or hydroxyapatite (HA) coating. A previous meta-analysis comparing HA-coated versus non-HA-coated stems in primary THA published in 2013 found no significant difference between the 2. However, an updated analysis of the current literature is needed to assess the potential benefit of HA-coated stems in primary THA.
METHODS: Various libraries were searched through May 2022 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies included were randomized controlled trials comparing HA-coated femoral stems to non-HA-coated stems in primary THA. Outcomes included Harris Hip Score (HHS), endosteal bone formation, radiolucent lines, linear wear rate, revision for aseptic loosening, thigh pain, and heterotopic ossification.
RESULTS: There were significantly fewer revisions for aseptic loosening (P = .004) and decreased postoperative thigh pain (P = .03) for patients who have with HA-coated stems. There was no significant difference in HHS (P = .20), endosteal bone formation (P = .96), radiolucent lines (P = .75), linear wear rate (P = .41), or heterotopic ossification (P = .71) between HA-coated and non-HA-coated stems.
CONCLUSION: We found that HA-coated femoral stems in primary THA led to significantly fewer stem revisions for aseptic loosening and less postoperative thigh pain compared to non-HA-coated stems. These findings suggest HA-coated femoral stems should be preferred over non-HA-coated femoral stems in primary THA.
PURPOSE:To obtain a vitamin E-containing composition not freezing even by preservation at a low temperature. CONSTITUTION:A vitamin E-containing composition comprises a vitamin E and fats and oils containing >=40% alpha-linolenic acid as a constituent fatty acid. Perilla oil may be cited as the fats and oils containing >=40% alpha-linolenic acid as a constituent fatty acid. The amount of the fats and oils mixed is preferably 0.2-10 pts.wt. based on 1 pt.wt. of the vitamin E.
1. A controlled release composition for oral administration comprising a) a therapeutically effective amount of levosimendan and b) a drug release controlling component for providing the release of levosimendan over an extended period of time and a steady-state plasma level for metabolite (II) of less than 20 ng/ml, preferably less than 10 ng/ml. 2. A composition of Claim 1 wherein the drug release controlling component allows levosimendan to be released substantially completely before the composition reaches the large intestine. 3. A composition of Claim 1 or 2 wherein the drug release controlling component is hydrophilic gel forming polymer or a vegetable fat or oil or a fatty acid ester. 4. A controlled release composition for oral administration comprising a) a therapeutically effective amount of levosimendan and b) a drug release controlling component for providing the release of levosimendan over an extended period of time, wherein the total in vitro dissolution time, determined according to the USP XXII basket assembly method in phosphate buffer, pH 5.8, is substantially between 1 and 4 hours for at least 90 per cent of the content of levosimendan. 5. A controlled release composition for oral administration comprising (a) a rapid release portion comprising levosimendan optionally together with at least one excipient, and (b) a controlled release portion comprising levosimendan and a drug release controlling component. 6. A composition of Claim 5 comprising (a) a rapid release portion in the form of a powder comprising levosimendan together with at least one excipient, and (b) a controlled release portion in the form of granulates comprising levosimendan and a release controlling hydrophilic gel forming polymer. 7. A composition of Claim 5 or 6 wherein the rapid release portion comprises levosimendan and microcrystalline cellulose. 8. A composition of Claim 6 or 7 wherein the release controlling hydrophilic gel forming polymer is hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, alginic acid or a mixture thereof. 9. A composition of any of Claims 5-8 wherein about 25-75 %, preferably about 30-70 %, more preferably about 40-60 % per weight of the drug is in the controlled release portion. 10. A composition of any of Claims 5-9 wherein the amount of the hydrophilic gel forming polymer is about 20-80 %, preferably about 30-70 %, per weight of the composition.
PURPOSE: Although different factors and voice measures have been associated with phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction (PVH), it is unclear what percentage of individuals with PVH exhibit such differences during their daily lives. This study used a machine learning approach to quantify the consistency with which PVH manifests according to ambulatory voice measures. Analyses included acoustic parameters of phonation as well as temporal aspects of phonation and rest, with the goal of determining optimally consistent signatures of PVH.
METHOD: Ambulatory neck-surface acceleration signals were recorded over 1 week from 116 female participants diagnosed with PVH and age-, sex-, and occupation-matched vocally healthy controls. The consistency of the manifestation of PVH was defined as the percentage of participants in each group that exhibited an atypical signature based on a target voice measure. Evaluation of each machine learning model used nested 10-fold cross-validation to improve the generalizability of findings. In Experiment 1, we trained separate logistic regression models based on the distributional characteristics of 14 voice measures and durations of voicing and resting segments. In Experiments 2 and 3, features of voicing and resting duration augmented the existing distributional characteristics to examine whether more consistent signatures would result.
RESULTS: Experiment 1 showed that the difference in the magnitude of the first two harmonics (H1-H2) exhibited the most consistent signature (69.4% of participants with PVH and 20.4% of controls had an atypical H1-H2 signature), followed by spectral tilt over eight harmonics (73.6% participants with PVH and 32.1% of controls had an atypical spectral tilt signature) and estimated sound pressure level (SPL; 66.9% participants with PVH and 27.6% of controls had an atypical SPL signature). Additionally, 77.6% of participants with PVH had atypical resting duration, with 68.9% exhibiting atypical voicing duration. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that augmenting the best-performing voice measures with univariate features of voicing or resting durations yielded only incremental improvement in the classifier's performance.
CONCLUSIONS: Females with PVH were more likely to use more abrupt vocal fold closure (lower H1-H2), phonate louder (higher SPL), and take shorter vocal rests. They were also less likely to use higher fundamental frequency during their daily activities. The difference in the voicing duration signature between participants with PVH and controls had a large effect size, providing strong empirical evidence regarding the role of voice use in the development of PVH.
While the typical treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD), dopaminergic drugs and deep brain stimulation (DBS), are proven to be effective in mitigating the motor deficits associated with the disease, these same methods also give rise to behavioral side effects including compulsive gambling, hypersexuality, and complex, purposeless stereotyped behavior ("punding"). And while much work has investigated the underlying patterns of neural activity giving rise to tremor, rigidity, and other motor effects of D, little is known about the neural genesis of impulsive side effects in humans. The investigators propose to characterize the patterns of neural activity underlying these failures of impulse control in an actual PD patient population undergoing surgery for the implantation of DBS electrodes. Such procedures offer a unique opportunity to collect data at the single neuron level in humans, since surgeons rely on intraoperative electrophysiology to identify the anatomical boundaries of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), the typical target of DBS in PD. Using multi-channel Ad-Tech microwire arrays, the investigators will simultaneously record multiple channels of single unit activity (both spikes and field potentials ) in STN and nearby structures while subjects perform cognitive tasks with validated links to impulsivity in human populations. In the balloon analogue risk task (BART) participants must balance risk and reward as they decide when to stop inflating a computerized balloon whose point value and risk of popping both grow with size. In the stop signal reaction task (SSRT), participants must respond as quickly as possible when a "go" cue appears, but countermand this response when a "stop" tone is played. At the neural level, the BART allows us to elucidate correlates of risk, outcome (both rewarding and aversive), and anticipation, while the SSRT, a well-studied model of impulsivity in both animal models and humans with strong links to computational models, will allow us to determine not only single unit but network-level patterns of activity underlying failures in impulse control. Through these experiments, as well as computational modeling, the investigators will characterize neural correlates of impulsivity in PD patients that will allow for the design of DBS protocols that mitigate impulsive side effects. The R21 mechanism will be used to further develop and streamline the process of multichannel recording and cognitive testing in the intraoperative setting and validate the hypothesized link between single neuron activity and models of behavior in the stop signal task.
The application of a Moringa oleifera lectin component, wherein the Moringa oleifera lectin has the activity of promoting intestinal permeability of mammals; thereby increasing the penetration of high molecular weight macromolecules at 70kd into the blood. The mammal is a mouse. The molecular weight of the moringa lectin includes but is not limited to: 55kd, 35kd, 26kd, 14kd, 10 kd. The moringa agglutinin can promote moringa allergy. The moringa agglutinin can increase the immunocompetence of a high-molecular antigen, and has wide application in the aspects of oral vaccine adjuvants and promotion of macromolecular drugs entering blood through intestinal walls. The use of moringa lectin protein and modified proteins thereof in therapeutic and vaccination methods to facilitate contact of antigens, macromolecular drugs and the immune system.
BACKGROUND: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a persisting, and potentially irreversible, movement disorder associated with treatment with dopamine receptor antagonists. Few data are available on the risk of TD in children and adolescents treated with antipsychotic medication.
OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on incidence, risk factors, and treatment options for antipsychotic-associated TD in children and adolescents (aged < 18 years).
METHODS: Relevant articles were identified through a systematic search of Embase and Medline performed in January 2024. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools.
RESULTS: Thirteen studies were identified. The reported TD point prevalence was 5-20%, with higher rates in studies involving typical antipsychotics. Lower estimates (around 1%) emerged from analyses of clinical database data suggesting underdiagnosis in clinical practice. Risk factors included treatment with typical antipsychotics, higher doses, longer duration of exposure, older age, female gender, higher baseline Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS) scores, intellectual impairment, and perinatal complications.
CONCLUSION: Although relatively few cases have been reported in children and adolescents, TD remains a risk in this population. Individuals receiving antipsychotics should be monitored carefully for the emergence of abnormal movements. Other than dose reduction, discontinuation, or switch to a lower-risk antipsychotic, few interventions have demonstrated efficacy. The strongest evidence for pharmacological treatment is for VMAT-2 inhibitors (valbenazine and deutetrabenazine), but these drugs are not licensed for use in children. To reduce risk, antipsychotics should be prescribed only if necessary, at the minimum effective dose and for the minimum necessary duration.
The use of botulinum toxin for off-label indications has become more prevalent, but the specific benefits in Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) have not yet been fully elucidated. A systematic review was performed of PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Scopus databases to identify all articles describing the use of botulinum toxin in MMS. Analysis was subdivided into scar minimization, parotid injury, and pain management. A total of nine articles were included. Scar minimization and treatment of parotid injury were the most reported uses. One case reported the use of botulinum toxin for pain management. Off label uses of botulinum toxin are being explored. Additional research is warranted to determine the efficacy and utility of botulinum toxin in MMS.
As HPV-positive women may have a transient infection which would be cleared with treatment, triage of HPV-positive women are needed to decrease the colposcopy referral. Liquid-based cytology (hereinafter cytology) are often used as triage for HPV-positive women. HPV 16/18 are the predominant HPV types in younger women and are for all aged referred directly for colposcopy. However as women age, hrHPV other types become more prevalent(10) and these types are triaged with cytology. However, as cytology undergo subjective interpretation and as it may have a decreased sensitivity in with increasing age(11, 12) cytology may not be the most optimal triage marker in postmenopausal women.

p16/Ki67 dual stain cytology (hereinafter DS) is another triage marker. p16 is a cell-cycle regulator protein and Ki67 is a proliferation-associated protein which under normal circumstances are mutual exclusive. Thus, in an HPV-transformed cell co-expression of p16 and Ki67 indicates cell deregulation and increased risk of cervical precancer.(13) In several studies DS have shown better sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) as compared to cytology in triaging HPV-positive women(14-17) and women with low-grade cytology (ASC-US and LSIL)(18-20).

Methylation of HPV-positive women benefits from a more objective evaluation than both cytology and DS and has in shown promising results in triaging HPV-positive women.(21) Most studies on DS and methylation have however, been conducted in younger women and studies evaluation the performance in postmenopausal women are needed.

Women diagnosed with CIN2+ undergo excisional treatment removing the lesions and thereby reducing the woman's risk of developing cervical cancer. The most frequently used method is loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Despite treatment, women previously diagnosed with CIN3+ lesion are at greater risk of developing cervical cancer with the risk increasing with increasing age.(22) Surveillance after LEEP consist of test-of cure (i.e. cytology and HPV test) six months after LEEP in several countries.(23-27) Treatment of CIN2+ is however, not always successful and residual or recurrent high-grade disease (CIN2+) occurs on average in 8% (ranging from 4% to 18%) of treated women, with the majority of treatment failure occurring mainly the first two post-operative years.(28, 29) Persistent HPV infection and positive margins after LEEP are risk factors for residual or recurrent disease after LEEP(28). However, not all women are at the same risk of recurrent disease, but still managed the same way as women at higher risk and therefore a future risk-stratification are needed to individualize the follow-up pathways. Moreover, introduction of a risk-stratification in the follow-up pathway may also decrease the number of open-ended follow-up pathways. In a recent study in HPV-positive women 60-64 years only 26% had follow-up as recommended.(30)
PURPOSE: Traditionally, bilateral urolithiasis treatment involved staged interventions due to safety concerns. Recent studies have shown that same-sitting bilateral retrograde intrarenal surgery (SSB-RIRS) is effective, with acceptable complication rates. However, there's no clear data on the optimum laser for the procedure. This study aimed to assess outcomes of SSB-RIRS comparing thulium fiber laser (TFL) and high-power holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser in a multicenter real-world practice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted on patients undergoing SSB-RIRS from January 2015 to June 2022 across 21 centers worldwide. Three months perioperative and postoperative outcomes were recorded, focusing on complications and stone-free rates (SFR).
RESULTS: A total of 733 patients were included, with 415 in group 1 (Ho:YAG) and 318 in group 2 (TFL). Both groups have similar demographic and stone characteristics. Group 1 had more incidence of symptomatic pain or hematuria (26.5% vs. 10.4%). Operation and lasing times were comparable. The use of baskets was higher in group 1 (47.2% vs. 18.9%, p<0.001). Postoperative complications and length of hospital stay were similar. Group 2 had a higher overall SFR. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that age, presence of stone at the lower pole, and stone diameter were associated with lower odds of being stone-free bilaterally, while TFL was associated with higher odds.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that urologists use both lasers equally for SSB-RIRS. Reintervention rates are low, safety profiles are comparable, and single-stage bilateral SFR may be better in certain cases. Bilateral lower pole and large-volume stones have higher chances of residual fragments.
The present disclosure, in some embodiments, relates to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions. The computer readable medium is configured to cause a processor to access an image volume of a rectum comprising a rectal tumor. A forward mapping is generated based on non-rigidly registering a healthy rectal atlas to the image volume. The forward mapping is inverted to generate an inverse mapping from the image volume to the healthy rectal atlas. Based on the inverse mapping, a plurality of deformation vectors, associated with a deformation within a rectal wall of the rectum, are determined. Magnitude based deformation features and orientation based deformation features are computed from the plurality of deformation vectors. One or more of the magnitude based deformation features and one or more of the orientation based deformation features are utilized to determine a response of a patient to a chemoradiation treatment.
The bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, which causes motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS), is dangerous to aquaculture because it affects the fish's well-being and production. As the aquaculture industry seeks sustainable and effective methods to enhance fish immunity and growth, natural supplements such as marine algae have gained attention. This study explored the potential benefits of incorporating the green marine algae Chaetomorpha aerea into the fish diet, focusing on disease resistance, growth, feed utilization, and hematological and immunological responses. Five diets were prepared, varying concentrations of C. aerea (0 control, T1: 1 g/kg; T2: 2 g/kg: T3: 5 g/kg: and T4: 10 g/kg) and administered to fish over 30 days. Following the feeding trial, the fish were exposed to A. hydrophila, and their survival rates were observed for the next 14 days. The findings demonstrated that the final weight, weight gain, relative growth rate, specific growth rate, and daily growth rate were all positively impacted by a diet containing 5 g/kg of C. aerea. Additionally, fish in the 5 g/kg C. aerea group demonstrated improved feed conversion efficiency compared to the control group. While there were no significant changes in red and white blood cell counts on the initial day, serum lysozyme activity and overall resistance to infection were enhanced in fish receiving C. aerea at 2 and 5 g/kg. These results imply that C. aerea supplementation with fish supplements may be a useful immunostimulant, boosting improved health and growth in sustainable aquaculture practices.
Standard chemotherapy treatment for patients with small cell lung cancer. Chemotherapy regimen contains a platinum drug and a topoisomerase inhibitor. Numbers of cycles 4-6 according to local variants.Used drugs=cisplatinum or carboplatin and e.g.etoposide.
Benzodiazepines — Co-administration of diazepam with olanzapine potentiated the orthostatic hypotension observed with olanzapine [see Drug Interactions (7.7)]. 

Inducers of 1A2 — Carbamazepine therapy (200 mg BID) causes an approximate 50% increase in the clearance of olanzapine. This increase is likely due to the fact that carbamazepine is a potent inducer of CYP1A2 activity. Higher daily doses of carbamazepine may cause an even greater increase in olanzapine clearance [see Drug Interactions (7.7)]. 

Alcohol — Ethanol (45 mg/70 kg single dose) did not have an effect on olanzapine pharmacokinetics [see Drug Interactions (7.7)]. 

Inhibitors of CYP1A2 — Fluvoxamine decreases the clearance of olanzapine. This results in a mean increase in olanzapine Cmax following fluvoxamine administration of 54% in female nonsmokers and 77% in male smokers. The mean increase in olanzapine AUC is 52% and 108%, respectively. Lower doses of the olanzapine component of olanzapine and fluoxetine HCl should be considered in patients receiving concomitant treatment with fluvoxamine. 

The Effect of Other Drugs on Olanzapine — Fluoxetine, an inhibitor of CYP2D6, decreases olanzapine clearance a small amount [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Agents that induce CYP1A2 or glucuronyl transferase enzymes, such as omeprazole and rifampin, may cause an increase in olanzapine clearance. The effect of CYP1A2 inhibitors, such as fluvoxamine and some fluoroquinolone antibiotics, on olanzapine and fluoxetine has not been evaluated. Although olanzapine is metabolized by multiple enzyme systems, induction or inhibition of a single enzyme may appreciably alter olanzapine clearance. Therefore, a dosage increase (for induction) or a dosage decrease (for inhibition) may need to be considered with specific drugs.
Healthy newborns after exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids for lung maturity during pregnancy, delivered by elective c-section between 35;0 - 40;0 weeks, matched for child sex with group 1. This group is needed to control for the effects of sGC exposure.
Pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at risk for adverse clinical outcomes due a inadequate tissue perfusion. Recent studies have been demonstraded which the monitorization of continuos central venous saturation could be benneficial. There is evidence that monitoring continues venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) can be beneficial in patient outcomes, guided by ScvO2 therapy has been associated with improved outcomes in resuscitation of critically ill patients with sepsis and after congenital heart surgery complexa. The early detection and treatment of tissue hypoxia can prevent morbidity and mortality. tissue hypoxia may be a result of the imbalance between supply (DO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2). If the fault supply, oxygen consumption is maintained by increased oxygen extraction resulting in decreased central venous oxygen saturation