anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Labetalol HCl injection is prepared for continuous intravenous infusion by diluting the vial contents with commonly used intravenous fluids (see below). Examples of two methods of preparing the infusion solution are:

The contents of either two 20 mL vials (40 mL), or one 40 mL vial, are added to 160 mL of a commonly used intravenous fluid such that the resultant 200 mL of solution contains 200 mg of labetalol HCl, 1 mg/mL. The diluted solution should be administered at a rate of 2 mL/min to deliver 2 mg/min.

Alternatively, the contents of either two 20 mL vials (40 mL), or one 40 mL vial, of labetalol HCl injection are added to 250 mL of a commonly used intravenous fluid. The resultant solution will contain 200 mg of labetalol HCl, approximately 2 mg/3 mL. The diluted solution should be administered at a rate of 3 mL/min to deliver approximately 2 mg/min.

The rate of infusion of the diluted solution may be adjusted according to the blood pressure response, at the discretion of the physician. To facilitate a desired rate of infusion, the diluted solution can be infused using a controlled administration mechanism, e.g., graduated burette or mechanically driven infusion pump.

Since the half-life of labetalol is 5 to 8 hours, steady-state blood levels (in the face of a constant rate of infusion) would not be reached during the usual infusion time period. The infusion should be continued until a satisfactory response is obtained and should then be stopped and oral labetalol HCl started (see below). The effective intravenous dose is usually in the range of 50 to 200 mg. A total dose of up to 300 mg may be required in some patients.
INTRODUCTION: Opioid dependence represents a public health crisis and can be observed after outpatient urologic procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of persistent opioid usage after radical orchiectomy for testicular cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The TriNetX Research network database was queried for men between 15 and 45 years undergoing radical orchiectomy for a diagnosis of testicular cancer. All patients with N+ or M+ disease, prior opioid use, and patients who underwent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or retroperitoneal lymph node dissection were excluded. Patients were stratified whether they were prescribed opioids or not at time of orchiectomy. The incidence of new, persistent opioid use, defined as a prescription for opioids between 3 and 15 months after orchiectomy, was evaluated.
RESULTS: A total of 2,911 men underwent radical orchiectomy for testicular cancer, of which 89.8% were prescribed opioids at time of orchiectomy. After propensity score matching for age, race, and history of psychiatric diagnosis, 592 patients were included (296 received opioids, 296 did not). Overall, 0% of patients who did not receive postoperative opioids developed new persistent opioid use, whereas 10.5% of patients who received postoperative opioids developed new persistent opioid use. Patients prescribed postoperative opioids for orchiectomy had statistically higher risk difference of developing new persistent opioid use (Risk Difference: 10.5%; 95% CI: 7.0-14.0; Z: 5.7; P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative opioid prescription following radical orchiectomy is significantly associated with developing new persistent opioid use, with 1 in 10 young men who received postoperative opioids obtaining a new prescription for opioids well beyond the postoperative period. Future efforts should emphasize nonopioid pathways for pain control following this generally minor procedure.
Gallstone diseases are common, affecting 20 million patients in the United States with associated costs of over US $6 billion. Common bile duct (CBD) stones in turn occur in 15-20% patients with gallstone disease and require treatment due to risk of infection and pancreatitis. Endoscopic treatment via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the treatment modality of choice in CBD stones. The most simple treatment techniques include biliary sphincterotomy and stone extraction via the use of standard devices such as a stone retrieval balloons or stone retrieval baskets. However, patients with difficult bile duct stones require advanced maneuvers namely mechanical lithotripsy, large balloon sphincteroplasty (LBS) of the major duodenal papilla and single operator cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy (SOC-LL).

Currently, there are no standardized treatment approaches in the management of CBD stones, especially in the management of difficult CBD stones. Therefore, ERCP in patients with difficult CBD stones can be inefficient and prolonged with use of multiple devices and techniques. In an effort to standardize the management of bile duct stones, we have devised an algorithm for the treatment of bile duct stones using current standard of care methods, taking into account the size of bile duct stones, size of bile duct and availability of endoscopic expertise. The objective of this registry is to evaluate the procedural and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones when utilizing an algorithmic management approach.
This study investigates the effects of comprehensive nursing interventions on wound pain in patients undergoing catheter insertion for peritoneal dialysis. Sixty patients who underwent catheter insertion for peritoneal dialysis from January 2021 to January 2023 at our hospital were selected as subjects and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table method. The control group received routine nursing care, while the experimental group was subjected to comprehensive nursing interventions. The study compared the impact of nursing measures on visual analogue scale (VAS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and nursing satisfaction between the two groups. The analysis revealed that on the third, fifth and seventh days post-intervention, the experimental group's wound VAS scores were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, levels of anxiety and depression were markedly lower in the experimental group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, the nursing satisfaction rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (96.67% vs. 73.33%, p = 0.011). This study indicates that the application of comprehensive nursing interventions in patients undergoing catheter insertion for peritoneal dialysis is highly effective. It can alleviate wound pain and negative emotions to a certain extent, while also achieving high patient satisfaction, thus demonstrating significant clinical value.
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for frequency selective irradiation of biological materials and particularly tissues, cells and/or cell components of living organisms, in particular of human and animals, by irradiating a component element of the target material at the corresponding Mössbauer absorption frequency. The component radiation absorption at the Mössbauer absorption frequency is thus enhanced many times over the absorption of the surrounding material having a different Mössbauer absorption frequency. The energy thusly absorbed by the target material component is converted to and remitted as Auger electrons, which provide intranuclear radiation resulting in lethal double strand breaks in the DNA molecules of the target tissue. The irradiation is administered in frequency and material selective modes of treatment, and may be combined with conventional chemotherapeutic agents to provide a further enhanced treatment modality. Moreover, the source frequency can be adjusted to enhance the killing effect. The method of apparatus according to the present invention are useful in combination with naturally occurring or administered pharmaceutical stable isotope absorbers, having significantly reduced side effects by comparison to conventional chemotherapy or radiation therapy. 
<??>The method and apparatus according to the invention can be applied for selective radiation therapy providing selective tissue damage or necrosis, in particular for cancer therapy, and for differentiating between diseased and normal tissues.
Patients undergoing neo-adjuvant therapy will undertake up to two (2) combined PET/MR examinations with FDG. Examinations will be conducted at baseline and after 3-4 cycles of chemotherapy.
The invention discloses a piperazine or piperidine compound or salts thereof. The invention also discloses a preparation method of formula I and the preparation method comprises the step of condensing formula II and R7H in a solvent at the temperature of 10-30 DEG C under the action of alkali. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the salts of the formula I, comprising the steps of when formula VII and formula IR3 =H, F or NO2, sequentially carrying out amino protection reaction on the formula II to obtain formula V, carrying out ester hydrolysis on the formula V to obtain formula VI, carrying out condensation reaction on the formula VI and the R7H to obtain formula VII and carrying out deprotection and salification on the formula VII, wherein when formula VIIR3=NO2 and the formula IR3=NH2, the method also comprises the step of nitro reduction after the step of condensation and before the step of deprotection and salification. The invention also discloses a preparation method of intermediates in the formula I compound. The invention also discloses the intermediates in the preparation method of the formula I. The piperazine or piperidine compound or the salts thereof, disclosed by the invention, provides a new direction for the research and the development of DPP-4 (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4) inhibitors and has important significance on developing the DPP-4 inhibitors.
Mobility impairment is a major form of disability affecting Canadians of all ages. In Canada, an estimated 0.6% of the general population need a wheelchair for mobility, while 20-30% of these require a powered wheelchair (PW). Powered mobility is instrumental in facilitating independence, promoting participation in meaningful life activities, and in decreasing the burden on caregivers. Recovering mobility through the use of a PW may result in improvements at the level of work, leisure and self-care. But because of their weight and speed, training is required, as for any other vehicle. Further, PWs have an inherent risk of causing injuries to the user or to bystanders, as well as damage to the environment. Therefore, assessment and training are critical, so that participants may learn how to safely and efficiently handle their PW, e.g., to avoid tips and falls, for maneuvering in tight spaces and to avoid collisions with furniture or bystanders. However, assessment and training in navigating crowded spaces or in complex route finding are often difficult to achieve in the clinic, due to lack of space or concerns for safety. There is no standardized training process and in practice, there is often little time for training during the PW delivery process. Further, both clinicians and PW users agree that the amount of training provided to new PW drivers is insufficient. To address these issues, team members have initiated work related to the development of McGill Immersive Wheelchair (miWe) simulator version 1.0. This computer software can be run in the clinic or at home, and has the potential to provide a robust platform for the assessment and training of complex PW driving skills.

The objectives are: 1) to identify power wheelchair tasks that are challenging and/or unsafe and are likely to be encountered by power wheelchair users. Phase 2) To create simulator maps representing the tasks determined to be most challenging to users as per Phase 1. 3a) To evaluate, in new PW users, the feasibility and acceptability of power wheelchair training offered in a home-based simulator program that incorporates challenging tasks developed in Phase 2. 3b) To determine the preliminary comparative effectiveness of power wheelchair training using conventional training + a home-based simulator program VERSUS conventional training + home-based joystick and visuo-spatial training program on: driving skills (technical knowledge about wheelchair maneuvering and completion of driving tasks); driving performance (how the task is performed); and driving confidence.
This group will meet with a clinic pharmacist one on one over a period of about 12 weeks. They will have session ranging from 15 mins to 1 hour. Follow-up sessions will occur during quit week(week 1) and at weeks 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and at 6 months.
In addition to usual care the patients will receive three home visits from a trained diabetes nurse. The first visit (65 minutes) is within three weeks after discharge from the hospital; the second visit (45 minutes) is two weeks later and the third visit (45 minutes) is two months after the second home visit.
This arm will evaluate use of IGF-Methotrexate conjugate (765IGF-MTX) in patients with advanced, previously treated MDS, CMML and O-AML. 765IGF-MTX at a dose of 0.20 to 2.5 µequivalents per kg is administered as an IV infusion over 1.5 hours on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28 day cycle. Treatment continues until disease progression, as assessed after 2 cycles, unacceptable toxicity, or patient refusal.
AIMS: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global health concern, disproportionately affecting the elderly with heightened cardiovascular risk. The emerging focus on the gut microbiota's role in CKD pathophysiology represents a pivotal area in nephrology; however, the evidence on this topic is limited. This observational prospective study, in the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus trial, investigates associations between gut microbiota composition and the 1-year trajectory of CKD in 343 participants aged 55-75 years with high cardiovascular risk.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Kidney function was assessed at baseline and at 1-year of follow-up through the estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C (eGFR-CysC) and CKD defined by eGFR-CysC <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Participants were grouped based on their 1-year CKD trajectory: Group 1 maintained normal status or improved from CKD to normal, while Group 2 maintained CKD or worsened from normal to CKD. Fecal microbiota composition was assessed through 16S sequencing.
KEY FINDINGS: We observed differences in gut microbiota composition between CKD trajectory groups. Notably, the baseline relative abundance of Lachnoclostridium and Lachnospira, both butyrate-producing genera, was lower in participants maintaining or progressing to CKD. Longitudinally, a decrease in Lachnospira abundance was associated with CKD progression. The improved Chao1 index after 1-year follow-up suggests a link between enhanced microbial richness and stable/better kidney function.
SIGNIFICANCE: The findings underscore the potential of gut microbiota analysis in non-invasively monitoring CKD, especially in older populations, and hint at future interventions targeting gut microbiota to manage CKD progression. Further research is needed for causal relationships and generalizability.
NEW MATERIAL:The quinoline derivative of formula I (R<1> is H or carboxyprotecting group; R<2> is alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or aryl; X is H or halogen; R<3> is cycloalkyl which may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, alkyl, OH, amino, carboxy, etc.) and its salt. EXAMPLE:1-Cyclopropyl-7-(1-diphenylmethoxycarbonylcyclopropyl)-6-fluor o-1,4- dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester. USE:An antibacterial agent. It is effective especially against microorganisms resistant to antibiotic substance and has high safety. PREPARATION:The compound of formula I or its salt is derived from the compound of formula Ia or its salt produced e.g. by reacting a novel compound of formula II or its salt with a compound of formula III or its salt.
Three-dimensional modeling of patient-specific tumors. In an embodiment, patient-specific data, representing a tumor microenvironment and one or more metrics, are received. A patient-specific spatial model, representing the tumor microenvironment as a lattice comprising a plurality of elastic material points, is generated from the patient-specific data. Patient-specific drug interaction and metabolism models are also determined. The tumor microenvironment is then simulated, for one or more drug interventions, through a plurality of iterations in which each elastic material point is updated in each iteration based on computations of chemical diffusion, biochemical reactions, metabolism, drug interactions, growth and death, and mechanical forces. A report, comprising a three-dimensional representation of the patient-specific spatial model after one or more iterations, is generated for the drug intervention(s).
PURPOSE: To obtain an aqueous skin preparation for external use, capable of regulating the electrolytic and osmotic pressure balances for dermal cells and activating the dermal cells and having high safety by homogeneously dissolving sodium chloride, fructose and dextran in a specific proportion in an aqueous phase ingredient. CONSTITUTION: This aqueous skin preparation for external use is obtained by homogeneously dissolving 0.5-10wt.% sodium chloride, 10-20wt.% fructose and 5-30wt.% dextran in purified water. The resultant composition is applied to the epidermis of the skin without applying irritation thereto and made to remain therein. Thereby, the osmotic pressure is regulated to circulate a tissue fluid through subcutaneous cells. Thereby, the active division of the subcutaneous cells is promoted to improve various dermatoses. As a result, the preparation is effective against pigmentation and alopecia which are dermatoses hard to treat and improve with a conventional preparation for external use. Dermal stains and ruddy faces can especially be prevented and hair restoring and deodorant actions can be promoted. The preparation has high safety and is readily usable.
Urgent requirements for medication from chronic inflammation and cancer are considerably interested, while, the recent reports were considered with investigating simple methods for synthesis. Metal-modified carbon quantum dots ("M-CQDs") were successfully ingrained from carboxymethyl cellulose under the assistance of infra-red irradiation. The current approach demonstrates a study for the effect of structural tuning for biomedical performance of CQDs via modifying of CQDs with either gold (Au-CQDs) or platinum (Pt-CQDs). Successive nucleation of Au-CQDs and Pt-CQDs was confirmed via different instrumental analyses like, TEM micrographs, Zeta potential, XRD, FTIR, 1HNMR& 13CNMR spectra. The data reveal that, modification of CQDs (8.7 nm) with gold was reflected in insignificant effect on the mean size of CQDs (8.9 nm), whereas, doping of platinum resulted in slight enlargement of the size (12.4 nm). However, Pt-CQDs were exhibited with the highest anti-inflammatory (cell viability percent 78 %) and antimicrobial action. On the other hand, Au-CQDs were shown with the highest anticancer affinity (reduction of cell viability 83 %) compared to the others. The current study approved the superiority of CQDs modified with either gold or platinum to be successfully applicable as potential therapeutic reagents for the treatment of either cancer or inflammation diseases.
BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a pre-clinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the transition probabilities across the disease continuum of AD, ranging from MCI to AD to Mortality is crucial for the economic modeling of AD and effective planning of future interventions and healthcare resource allocation decisions. This study uses the Multi-state Markov model to quantify the transition probabilities along the disease progression and specifically investigates medications as modifiable risk factors of AD associated with accelerated or decelerated transition times from MCI to AD, MCI to mortality, and AD to mortality.
METHODS: Individuals with MCI were identified from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center between September 2005 and May 2021. A three-state Markov model was postulated to model the disease progression among three states: MCI, AD, and mortality with adjustment for demographics, genetic characteristics, comorbidities and medications. Transition probabilities, the total length of stay in each state, and the hazard ratios of the use of medications for diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia (the known modifiable risk factors of AD) were evaluated for these transitions.
RESULTS: 3,324 individuals with MCI were identified. The probability of developing AD after one year since the initial diagnosis of MCI is 14.9%. After approximately 6 years from the initial diagnosis of MCI, the probability of transitioning to AD increases to nearly 41.7% before experiencing a subsequent decline. The expected total lengths of stay were 5.38 (95% CI: 0.002-6.03) years at MCI state and 7.61 (95%CI: 0.002-8.88) years at AD state. Patients with active use of lipid-lowering agents were associated with significantly lower hazards of transitioning from MCI to AD (HR: 0.83, 95%CI:0.71-0.96), MCI to mortality (HR: 0.51, 95%CI:0.34-0.77), and AD to mortality (HR: 0.81, 95%CI:0.66-0.99).
CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that lipid-lowering agents may confer a protective effect, delaying the onset of AD. Additionally, lipid-lowering agents indicate a favorable association with a longer survival time.
A control system configured to control manipulation of a surgical instrument in response to manipulation of a remote surgeon input device. The surgical instrument comprises an end effector having opposable first and second end effector elements connected to a shaft by an articulated coupling. The control system receives a command from the surgeon input device to both (i) change the orientation of the end effector, and (ii) open the first and second end effector elements relative to each other. In response to the command to change the orientation of the end effector, the control system determines an angle θ between the longitudinal axis of the articulated coupling and the end effector. In response to the command to open the first and second end effector elements, the control system determines an opening angle ϕ between the first and second end effector elements. The control system compares θ to a maximum angle θmax between the longitudinal axis of the articulated coupling and the end effector, and if θ>θmax, drives the first and second end effector elements to rotate such that (i) the angle between the longitudinal axis of the articulated coupling and the end effector is θmax, and (ii) the opening angle between the first and second end effector elements is ϕ.
This is a single-center, open-label, dose-escalation exploratory study investigating the safety,tolerability and preliminary efficacy of AJMUC1, PD-1 knockout CAR-T cells targeting aberrantly glycosylated MUC1, in the treatment of patients with advanced MUC1 positive breast cancer. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability, biological activity, and preliminary antitumor efficacy of AJMUC1. The study adopts a "3+3" dose escalation design to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/ maximum administered dose (MAD). Three doses are set: 3×105 CAR T cells/kg, 1×106 CAR T cells/kg and 3×106 CAR T cells/kg, with a total of 15 patients planned by the data cutoff date. Participants may receive one, two, three or more cycles of AJMUC1 infusion dependent on the adverse effects and potential clinical benefits.. This study is initiated by the investigators and approved by the Human Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital affiliated with Sun Yat-sen University. All patients have signed informed consent.