anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Does metformin lower the blood sugar level in patients suffering from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

COPD is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and a major cause of ill health. In the UK, it affects some 3.7 million people and causes over 30,000 deaths per year. It is usually, but not always, caused by smoking. Most people affected are over 65-years-old. Sufferers experience progressively worsening cough, sputum production, breathlessness and exercise limitation. This is punctuated by 'flare-ups' (exacerbations), when their symptoms worsen substantially. Approximately 25% of patients hospitalised for exacerbations die within a year, and over 50% within 5 years. There is a pressing need for new and improved treatments for COPD exacerbations.

This study will assess the effect of metformin, a tablet medication, in COPD exacerbations. Metformin has been in common use for over 50 years in patients with diabetes, to lower the blood sugar level. In COPD exacerbations, the blood sugar level is often high, and the higher it is, the more likely the patient will have a poor outcome. This led us to speculate that lowering the sugar level with metformin may improve outcomes from COPD exacerbations. However, COPD and diabetes are quite different diseases, and the investigators do not know whether metformin will work as a sugar-lowering medicine in COPD exacerbations. The investigators need to confirm this before the investigators can perform larger studies to assess its effect on outcomes such as readmission and mortality rates.

The investigators will test this medicine in a 1-month trial in patients hospitalised for COPD exacerbations. The target sample size is 69 patients, with a minimum of 48 patients required for primary endpoint analysis. Two-thirds of the patients will take metformin, and one-third a dummy (placebo) tablet. Neither the patients nor the researchers know who is taking which. The investigators will measure their sugar levels by regular finger-prick tests, and then compare the average readings in the two groups. The investigators will also assess the medicine's effects on other markers of blood sugar level, and carry out additional exploratory investigations on the effect of the medicine on clinical outcomes, markers of inflammation, and markers of oxidative/carbonyl stress and steroid responsiveness.
PURPOSE:An emulsified cosmetic, obtained by incorporating Rebaudioside A which is one of stevia sweetening agents as an emulsifying agent or emulsification assistant in the cosmetic, and having high safety for the skin and improve emulsion stability and stability with time and further good feeling of use. CONSTITUTION:An emulsified cosmetic, e.g. a cream or milky lotion, obtained by incorporating usually 0.01-5.0wt%, preferably 0.02-2.0wt% Rebaudioside A which is one of stevia sweetening agents and expressed by the formula therein. The above-mentioned compound alone has a relatively weak emulsifying ability, but the use thereof with glycerol monoester of a fatty acid enhances the emulsifying ability thereof and increases the stability with time and emulsion stability. The above-mentioned compound shows good surface activity regardless of pH conditions, etc. In case the amount of an oily substance to be incorporated is large, the oily substance can be very stably emulsified by incorporating a natrual surface active substance, e.g. xanthan gum, further in the cosmetic.
Major gynaecological cancer surgery is a procedure with high complication rates and mortality risk due to both the patient' s old age and comorbidities and the extent of the surgery. Among such surgeries, ovarian cancer-related surgery has the highest mortality rate. Despite advances in early drug therapy and improvements in the cytotoxicity of drugs, ovarian cancer is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages, which further increases morbidity and mortality rates. Although many years have passed, the prognostic role of cytoreductive surgery on survival in ovarian cancers continues to be important. Predicting postoperative outcomes in these surgeries may reduce the length of hospital stay, need for stay in the intensive care unit, complications, and mortality. Therefore, the role of systemic inflammatory biomarkers needs to be comprehensively investigated to understand the carcinogenic mechanisms better.

For this purpose, the investigators planned to evaluate the prognostic effect of systemic inflammatory biomarkers on postoperative complications.
High-risk drinking (consuming ≥ 4 drinks/day or ≥ 8/week for women, ≥ 5 drinks/day or ≥ 15/week for men) is reported by one in four young adults within the past month and predicts the development and progression of alcohol use disorder (AUD). High-risk drinking can also have terrible costs beyond developing AUD, including death and disability from unintended injuries and suicide attempts, physical and sexual assault, and a wide range of acute and chronic health problems. The high degree of morbidity and mortality associated with high- risk drinking in young adulthood makes this a key developmental period for AUD research and intervention.

High-risk drinking in young adults is related to high exposure to stressors, insufficient sleep duration, and late sleep timing. Alarmingly, almost half of young adults report at least moderate exposure to stressors, only 30% regularly obtain the recommended hours of sleep, and sleep timing is at its latest around age 20. Stressors and short/late sleep may also cause disruptions in reward- and stress-related brain function (e.g., medial prefrontal cortex response to monetary reward, autonomic and neuroendocrine function during stressors), which are key biobehavioral mechanisms of AUD. Short and late sleep habits are a prime target for AUD prevention in young adults; however, there is insufficient causal evidence that improving sleep opportunity and/or timing will alter the biobehavioral mechanisms of AUD or decrease high-risk drinking, particularly in at-risk young adults.

The overall objective of this R01 is to evaluate a biobehavioral model whereby sufficient sleep duration and/or early sleep timing can reduce high-risk drinking by promoting reward- and stress-related brain function in young adults with high lifetime stress load. The long-term goal of this research is to leverage sleep and circadian function to promote mental health. A series of studies by the PI and Co-I Hasler demonstrate that stressful life events, short sleep, and late sleep independently predict future reward- and stress-related brain function and alcohol use and dependence symptoms in adolescents and young adults. However, these studies do not evaluate the additive and interactive effects of stressful life events and sleep/circadian function and do not include experimental designs. More recent research by the PI and Co-I Hasler uses sleep and circadian manipulation to target reward- and stress-related brain function and improve mental health in adolescents and young adults. Building from this research, this R01 will test the central hypothesis that extending and advancing sleep will alter reward- and stress-related brain function in young adults with a history of high-risk drinking and elevated lifetime exposure to stressors. This proposal is consistent with the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Strategic Objective to identify mechanisms underlying AUD and comorbid disorders.
Acquired immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare, life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by episodes of thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and extensive microvascular thrombosis leading to multiorgan involvement. Despite advances in understanding iTTP etiology and management in the acute phase, significant gaps in knowledge about its progression, particularly during clinical remission and concerning long-term complications, persist.

ItaliTTP, a national, multicenter, observational, prospective, non-pharmacological cohort study, aims to elucidate the natural history, severity, and outcomes of iTTP in Italy. The study will enroll hospitalized iTTP patients (experiencing either initial or recurrent episodes) and follow them in outpatient settings across participating Italian centers. The study plans to include at least 132 patients of any gender, aged 12 to 99, over a three-year period, with an option for extension, and a three-year follow-up. During hospitalization and subsequent outpatient visits, participants will undergo routine clinical assessments and laboratory tests. In addition to these data, peripheral blood samples will be collected for ADAMTS13 analysis and potential future research.
Example embodiments may relate to a system configured to monitor a user performing an exercise and generate a representation of the user and a virtual shadow zone. Fatigue values may be determined for different groups. In one embodiment, a first value is determined for a muscle fatigue value and a second value is determined for a respiration value. In another embodiment, the first value may be attributed to a first muscle group and the second value may be attributed to a second muscle group. Fatigue indices may be created from values obtained during an athletic activity and/or exercise session. In other embodiments, a cumulative fatigue index may be determined. The cumulative fatigue index may take into account values obtained over multiple exercise sessions. Furthermore, data acquired outside of the exercise session may be considered in the determination regarding the fatigue value and/or index.
BACKGROUND: Despite global efforts to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality, stillbirths remain a significant public health challenge in many low- and middle-income countries. District health systems, largely seen as the backbone of health systems, are pivotal in addressing the data gaps reported for stillbirths. Available, accurate and complete data is essential for District Health Management Teams (DHMTs) to understand the burden of stillbirths, evaluate interventions and tailor health facility support to address the complex challenges that contribute to stillbirths. This study aims to understand stillbirth recording and reporting in the Ashanti Region of Ghana from the perspective of DHMTs.
METHODS: The study was conducted in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. 15 members of the regional and district health directorates (RHD/DHD) participated in semi-structured interviews. Sampling was purposive, focusing on RHD/DHD members who interact with maternity services or stillbirth data. Thematic analyses were informed by an a priori framework, including theme 1) experiences, perceptions and attitudes; theme 2) stillbirth data use; and theme 3) leadership and support mechanisms, for stillbirth recording and reporting.
RESULTS: Under theme 1, stillbirth definitions varied among respondents, with 20 and 28 weeks commonly used. Fresh and macerated skin appearance was used to classify timing with limited knowledge of antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths. For theme 2, data quality checks, audits, and the district health information management system (DHIMS-2) data entry and review are functions played by the DHD. Midwives were blamed for data quality issues on omissions and misclassifications. Manual entry of data, data transfer from the facility to the DHD, limited knowledge of stillbirth terminology and periodic closure of the DHIMS-2 were seen to proliferate gaps in stillbirth recording and reporting. Under theme 3, perinatal audits were acknowledged as an enabler for stillbirth recording and reporting by the DHD, though audits are mandated for only late-gestational stillbirths (> 28 weeks). Engagement of other sectors, e.g., civil/vital registration and private health facilities, was seen as key in understanding the true population-level burden of stillbirths.
CONCLUSION: Effective district health management ensures that every stillbirth is accurately recorded, reported, and acted upon to drive improvements. A large need exists for capacity building on stillbirth definitions and data use. Recommendations are made, for example, terminology standardization and private sector engagement, aimed at reducing stillbirth rates in high-mortality settings such as Ghana.
FIELD: biochemistry, natural raw processing. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of processing coniferous wood greens. Wood greens is milled, treated with 5-10% an alkali aqueous solution and petroleum ether is added to the saponificated mixture at volume ratio = (1:0.1)-(1:0.5). Then mixture is sonicated and neutral substances are extracted with petroleum ether from lipids emulsion formed in an aqueous-alkaline solution. Acid lipids are extracted with diethyl ether after acidification of an aqueous-alkaline solution with mineral acid and neutral lipids isolation. Obtained product can be used for lipid substances preparing (drugs and vitamins). EFFECT: improved method of lipids isolation. 1 tbl, 3 ex
BACKGROUND: COPD is associated with the development of lung cancer. A protective effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on lung cancer is still controversial. Hence, this study investigated the development of lung cancer according to inhaler prescription and comorbidties in COPD.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. The development of lung cancer was investigated from the index date to December 31, 2020. This cohort included COPD patients (≥ 40 years) with new prescription of inhalers. Patients with a previous history of any cancer during screening period or a switch of inhaler after the index date were excluded.
RESULTS: Of the 63,442 eligible patients, 39,588 patients (62.4%) were in the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) group, 22,718 (35.8%) in the ICS/LABA group, and 1,136 (1.8%) in the LABA group. Multivariate analysis showed no significant difference in the development of lung cancer according to inhaler prescription. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, sex, and significant factors in the univariate analysis, demonstrated that diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) (HR = 2.68; 95%CI = 1.86-3.85), a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score (HR = 1.05; 95%CI = 1.01-1.08), and two or more hospitalizations during screening period (HR = 1.19; 95%CI = 1.01-1.39), along with older age and male sex, were independently associated with the development of lung cancer.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the development of lung cancer is not independently associated with inhaler prescription, but with coexisting DILD, a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and frequent hospitalization.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide; annually, approximately 830,000 deaths related to liver cancer are diagnosed globally. Since early-stage HCC is clinically asymptomatic, traditional treatment modalities, including surgical ablation, are usually not applicable or result in recurrence. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), provides new hope for cancer therapy; however, immune evasion mechanisms counteract its efficiency. In addition to viral exposure and alcohol addiction, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become a major cause of HCC. Owing to NASH-related aberrant T cell activation causing tissue damage that leads to impaired immune surveillance, NASH-associated HCC patients respond much less efficiently to ICB treatment than do patients with other etiologies. In addition, abnormal inflammation contributes to NASH progression and NASH-HCC transition, as well as to HCC immune evasion. Therefore, uncovering the detailed mechanism governing how NASH-associated immune cells contribute to NASH progression would benefit HCC prevention and improve HCC immunotherapy efficiency. In the following review, we focused our attention on summarizing the current knowledge of the role of CD4+T cells in NASH and HCC progression, and discuss potential therapeutic strategies involving the targeting of CD4+T cells for the treatment of NASH and HCC.
The present invention relates to a scalp cosmetic composition comprising, as active ingredients, herbal medicinal extracts such as black ginger extracts and Chinese matrimony vines and various functional plant extracts including herbal extracts, thereby being usable for purposes such as prevention of scalp oxidation, improvement of scalp, prevention of a hair loss, and improvement of inflammation thanks to excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities thereof. The scalp cosmetic composition according to the present invention comprises 1 to 20 wt% of black ginger extracts with respect to the total weight of the cosmetic composition. Thus, the scalp cosmetic composition has excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and can help exfoliate dead skin cells and alleviate sebum. The scalp cosmetic composition does not cause skin irritation, has excellent patch stability, and exhibits excellent formulation stability without deterioration even when stored for a long time. Also, the scalp cosmetic composition can easily improve scalp health and inhibit the occurrence of a hair loss. Thus, the scalp cosmetic composition can be used in formulations such as scaling serum or shampoos.
According to the Cardiopulmonary exercise test (KPET) test in Group 1 (medium intensity continuous exercise group), 50 minutes (5 minutes warm-up, 40 minutes exercise, 5 minutes exercise, 5 minutes warm-up, 40 minutes exercise, 5 minutes) for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, at an exercise intensity of 50-60% of the VO2 max level recorded individually in the patients. Aerobic exercise therapy will be organized to be applied on a treadmill (in the form of a minute cool-down).
The invention relates to a preparation method of human plasma protein, in particular a method for producing intravenous injection human immune globulin by using filter press technique for separation in combination with chromatograph for purification. The method is characterized in that a filter press is adopted as a main separation device to replace a centrifugal machine for producing intravenous injection human immune globulin, so that the temperature and other conditions for separation are easy to control, the separation speed is quick, and the safety is high without a high-speed operating device. Meanwhile, ion-exchange column chromatography is adopted to further purify the product and acquire the intravenous injection human immune globulin with the purity as high as 98.5-100%. The sum of monomer and dipolymer reaches 99-99.5%. PKA (proteinkinase A) is no more than 3IU/ml and ACA (Anti Cardiolipin Antibodies) is no more than 9%. Besides, the process is high in recovery rate, and for each ton of blood plasma, 5600-6300g of intravenous injection human immune globulin can be harvested.
Metastasis is the process through which cancer cells break away from a primary tumor, travel through the blood or lymph system, and form new tumors in distant tissues. One of the preferred sites for metastatic dissemination is the brain, affecting more than 20% of all cancer patients. This figure is increasing steadily due to improvements in treatments of primary tumors. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is one of the main treatment options for patients with a small or moderate number of brain metastases (BMs). A frequent adverse event of SRS is radiation necrosis (RN), an inflammatory condition caused by late normal tissue cell death. A major diagnostic problem is that RNs are difficult to distinguish from BM recurrences, due to their similarities on standard magnetic resonance images (MRIs). However, this distinction is key to choosing the best therapeutic approach since RNs resolve often without further interventions, while relapsing BMs may require open brain surgery. Recent research has shown that RNs have a faster growth dynamics than recurrent BMs, providing a way to differentiate the two entities, but no mechanistic explanation has been provided for those observations. In this study, computational frameworks were developed based on mathematical models of increasing complexity, providing mechanistic explanations for the differential growth dynamics of BMs relapse versus RN events and explaining the observed clinical phenomenology. Simulated tumor relapses were found to have growth exponents substantially smaller than the group in which there was inflammation due to damage induced by SRS to normal brain tissue adjacent to the BMs, thus leading to RN. ROC curves with the synthetic data had an optimal threshold that maximized the sensitivity and specificity values for a growth exponent β* = 1.05, very close to that observed in patient datasets.
FIELD: organic chemistry, medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relate to group of new compounds of the general formula (I): R1-A-B-D-E n -R2 (I) wherein R1 represents R12C(O) being R12 is taken among the group comprising alkenyl, alkenyloxy-group or alkenylamino-group; A represents the group A1- A2-A3 wherein A1 represents NH; A2 represents CHR93 wherein R93 represents 4-amidinophenylmethyl; A 3 represents C(O); B represents the group B1-B2-B3 wherein B1 represents NH; B2 represents CHR97 wherein R97 represents ethyl that is substituted at position 2 with hydroxycarbonyl or alkyloxycarbonyl; B3 represents C(O); D represents the group D1-D2-D3 wherein D1 represents NH; D2 represents CR81R82 wherein R81 and R82 are taken independently among the group consisting of hydrogen atom and unsubstituted or substituted residues of alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl; D3 represents C(O); E n  represents (E1-E2-E3) n  wherein n = 0 or 1; E1 represents NR70 wherein R70 represents hydrogen atom; E2 represents CR71R72 wherein R71 and R71 are taken independently among the group consisting of hydrogen atom and unsubstituted or substituted residues of alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl; E3 represents C(O); R2 represents NR21R22 wherein R21 and R22 are taken independently among hydrogen atom and unsubstituted or substituted residues of alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl being alkyl comprises from 1 to 13 carbon atoms; alkenyl comprises from 2 to 13 carbon atoms; aryl and heteroaryl comprise from 5 to 13 ring carbon atoms wherein in heteroaryl residue one or some carbon atoms are substituted with heteroatoms taken among the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms; heterocycloalkyl comprises from 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms among that from one to three carbon atoms are substituted with heteroatoms taken among the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms; in any stereoisomeric forms or their mixtures taken in any ratio and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Invention relates also to method for preparing compounds of the general formula (I) that involves binding protected amino acids. Invention relates also to pharmaceutical composition eliciting ability to exert anti-thrombotic effect by means of activated VII factor (FVIIa) in blood coagulation factors system. EFFECT: valuable medicinal properties of compounds. 19 cl, 4 tbl, 22 ex