anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
A method of increasing echogenicity of microparticles for ultrasound diagnostic imaging, characterised in that the microparticles are first formed as porous polymeric microparticles filled with air by entering an effective amount of volatile salt of pore-forming agent into a synthetic solution of biocompatible polymer in an organic solvent, then a polymer solvent and volatile salt are removed from the solution by a known method in order to form these porous microparticles. Then the air is removed from these microparticles through their pores and it is replaced by a fluoric gas also entered through these pores in the amount resulting in increasing ultrasound imaging after administering to the patient in comparison to microparticles into where the equivalent volume of air has been entered.  9. Composition for ultrasound diagnostic imaging, containing porous synthetic polymeric microparticles and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for administering these particles to the patient, these microparticles being filled with fluoric gas, characterised in that microparticles are first formed as porous polymeric microparticles filled with air by entering an effective amount of volatile salt of pore-forming agent into a synthetic solution of biocompatible polymer in an organic solvent, then a polymer solvent and volatile salt are removed from the solution by a known method in order to form these porous microparticles. Then air is removed from these microparticles through their pores and it is replaced by a fluoric gas also entered through these pores in the amount resulting in increasing ultrasound imaging after administering to the patient in comparison to microparticles into where the equivalent volume of air has been entered. 17. Method of forming microparticles for ultrasound diagnostic imaging, characterised in that an effective amount of volatile salt of pore-forming agent is entered into a synthetic solution of biocompatible polymer in an organic solvent, then a polymer solvent and volatile salt are removed form the solution by a known method in order to form these porous micropartIcles. Then air is removed from these microparticles through their pores and it is replaced by a fluoric gas also entered through these pores in the amount resulting in increasing ultrasound imaging after administering to the patient in comparison to microparticles into where the equivalent volume of air has been entered.
For centuries, hand washing with soap and water has been considered the main approach for personal hygiene. In the community, hand hygiene has been known to prevent infectious diseases and to decrease the burden of disease. Currently, hand hygiene is considered the most important measure for preventing the spread of pathogens in health-care settings.

There are multiple agents used for surgical hand scrubbing as alcohol, chlorhexidine, iodine/iodophors, para-chloro-meta-xylenol \& triclosan. Ideally, the optimum antiseptic used for scrub should have broad spectrum of activity, persistent effect \& fast acting. Unfortunately most studies evaluating surgical scrub antiseptics have focused on measuring hand bacterial colony counts. No randomized clinical trials have evaluated the impact of surgical scrub choice on surgical site infection risk \& proven its efficiency.
Annually, about 300 million surgeries lead to significant intraoperative adverse events (iAEs), impacting patients and surgeons. Their full extent is underestimated due to flawed assessment and reporting methods. Inconsistent adoption of new grading systems and a lack of standardization, along with litigation concerns, contribute to underreporting. Only half of relevant journals provide guidelines on reporting these events, with a lack of standards in surgical literature. To address these issues, the Intraoperative Complications Assessment and Reporting with Universal Standard (ICARUS) Global Surgical Collaboration was established in 2022. The initiative involves conducting global surveys and a Delphi consensus to understand the barriers for poor reporting of iAEs, validate shared criteria for reporting, define iAEs according to surgical procedures, evaluate the existing grading systems' reliability, and identify strategies for enhancing the collection, reporting, and management of iAEs. Invitation to participate are extended to all the surgical specialties, interventional cardiology, interventional radiology, OR Staffs and anesthesiology. This effort represents an essential step towards improved patient safety and the well-being of healthcare professionals in the surgical field.
BACKGROUND: Whether cardiovascular dysfunction is associated with preeclampsia in women without fetal growth restriction (FGR) is unclear. Our objective was to investigate associations between third-trimester cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women with and without FGR.
METHODS AND RESULTS: A case-cohort study in 906 pregnant women in Denmark with repeated third-trimester cardiac function assessments was performed using the Ultrasound Cardiac Output Monitor 1A. Using Cox regression, we compared rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women with low, normal, and high CO and normal and high systemic vascular resistance, by FGR status and gestational age, and evaluated associations between a third-trimester drop in CO or increase in systemic vascular resistance and preeclampsia risk in women without FGR. The analysis included 249 women with preeclampsia (42 with FGR) and 119 women with gestational hypertension. Low CO was strongly associated with preeclampsia at <37 weeks (women with FGR: hazard ratio [HR], 5.25 [95% CI, 1.26-21.9]; women without FGR: HR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.07-4.48]). Our results also suggested an association between low CO and preeclampsia at ≥37 weeks among women without FGR (HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 0.84-2.03]), and between a third-trimester drop in CO >75th percentile and preeclampsia in women without FGR (odds ratio, 1.91 [95% CI, 0.84-4.36]). High systemic vascular resistance was strongly associated with increased rates of all forms of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
CONCLUSIONS: Low CO is associated with preeclampsia risk in women with and without FGR, particularly before 37 weeks. Repeated measurements of third-trimester cardiovascular function might identify women without FGR for monitoring for preeclampsia, but this result needs to be confirmed in other studies.
Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category C. Difluprednate has been shown to be embryotoxic (decrease in embryonic body weight and a delay in embryonic ossification) and teratogenic (cleft palate and skeletal) anomalies when administered subcutaneously to rabbits during organogenesis at a dose of 1-10 μg/kg/day. The no-observed-effect-level (NOEL) for these effects was 1 μg/kg/day, and 10 μg/kg/day was considered to be a teratogenic dose that was concurrently found in the toxic dose range for fetuses and pregnant females. Treatment of rats with 10 μg/kg/day subcutaneously during organogenesis did not result in any reproductive toxicity, nor was it maternally toxic. At 100 μg/kg/day after subcutaneous administration in rats, there was a decrease in fetal weights and delay in ossification, and effects on weight gain in the pregnant females. It is difficult to extrapolate these doses of difluprednate to maximum daily human doses of Durezol, since Durezol is administered topically with minimal systemic absorption, and difluprednate blood levels were not measured in the reproductive animal studies. However, since use of difluprednate during human pregnancy has not been evaluated and cannot rule out the possibility of harm, Durezol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the embryo or fetus.
The production of the free drug mucosal skin drug delivery preparation comprises the preparation of free or amorphous drugs, the prevention of the free or amorphous drugs from crystal return, the combination of monarch, minister, assistant and guide and the production of drug preparations. Most of the medicines produced in the prior art are single crystal medicines prepared by chemical synthesis or Chinese herbal medicine separation and extraction, and have the defects of large dosage, low bioavailability, serious side effect and the like. Different medicines are combined for use, but the condition of serious toxic and side effects is difficult to change by simple combination. According to the application, a crystalline bulk drug is prepared into a free or amorphous drug, a monarch, minister, assistant and guide compatibility formula of the traditional Chinese medicine is adopted, different drugs or auxiliary materials are fused with the drugs, included and formed into micelles, suspensions, microemulsions or liposomes, and multiple drugs are mutually restricted and have synergistic effects, so that the toxic and side effects are reduced, and the curative effect is improved. The direct administration of the mucous membrane skin takes effect quickly, and the oral medicine has no gastrointestinal and liver first-pass, thereby avoiding liver damage or gastrointestinal adverse reaction. The western medicine is combined with traditional Chinese medicine, so that the immune balance of the human body is promoted, and the disease resistance is enhanced.
Capecitabine is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor. The chemical name is 5'-deoxy-5-fluoro-N-[(pentyloxy) carbonyl]-cytidine and has a molecular formula of C 15H 22FN 3O 6and a molecular weight of 359.35. Capecitabine has the following structural formula: 

Capecitabine is a white to off-white crystalline powder with an aqueous solubility of 26 mg/mL at 20°C.

Capecitabine USP, is supplied as biconvex, oblong film-coated tablets for oral use. Each light peach-colored tablet contains 150 mg capecitabine,USP and each peach-colored tablet contains 500 mg capecitabine USP. The inactive ingredients in Capecitabine Tablets, USP, include: anhydrous lactose, croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate and purified water. The peach or light peach film coating contains hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, talc, titanium dioxide, and synthetic yellow and red iron oxides.
It consists of eight sessions that occur during app. 90 minutes. A group therapist and a cotherapist will lead the therapy sessions. There will be one session per a week.
The multimodality strategy, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) followed by surgery, has been widely used to improve local control and overall survival in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). TNT is a recently promising strategy incorporating systemic chemotherapy following short-course radiotherapy before surgery in LARC, and showed superior rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) compared with the concurrent CRT followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (CRT-A). However, issues regarding neoadjuvant therapy-related toxicity as well as disease progression during TNT have been raised, which need to identify biomarkers for prediction of treatment responses and safety in patients with LARC.

Growing evidence suggests that gut microbiomes interact with tumor microenvironment and are related with inflammation and immunomodulation. The association between gut microbiomes and responses of chemotherapy or immunotherapy has been previously reported. The administration of certain beneficial microbiome can be one of the strategies to treat gut dysbiosis in cancer patients, restoring microbial diversity and changing the composition of microbiome. GEN-001, Lactobacillus lactis is a live, purified facultative anaerobic gram-positive probiotic lactic acid bacterial strain. The preclinical studies showed the potential therapeutic effects of GEN-001 as an anti-cancer treatment through the activation of immune cells, including CD4 or CD8 T-cells and natural killer cells, and synergistic effects with oxaliplatin chemotherapy. Therefore, the investigators plan to investigate dynamics of gut microbiomes and metabolites, and their effects on immune modulation. Additionally investigators plan to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TNT with GEN-001 and identify predictive biomarkers for pathologic response in patients with LARC.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerating autoimmune disease with no clinical cure currently. The calcium-binding protein S100A4 has been demonstrated to exert regulatory roles in inflammatory disorders including MS. However, the precise mechanisms by which S100A4 regulates neuroinflammation in MS remains unknown. To investigate the regulatory effect of S100A4 on microglial inflammation and its impact on neuroinflammation, the mouse-derived microglia cell line BV2 cells were infected with lentivirus to knockout S100A4 for in vitro studies. Wild-type (WT) and S100A4-/- mice were induced to develop experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, for in vivo investigation. Results indicated that the frequencies of microglia in the spinal cord and brain and the expression of S100A4 in these tissues varied kinetically along with the progression of the disease in mice with EAE. S100A4-/- mice presented ameliorated clinical scores of EAE and exhibited less severe EAE signs, including inflammatory cell infiltration in the spinal cord and brain and demyelination of the spinal cord. Moreover, these mice demonstrated overall reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord and brain. Compromised systematic inflammatory responses including circulating cytokines and frequencies of immune cells in the spleen were also observed in these mice. In addition, both exogenous and endogenous S100A4 could promote the microglial inflammation, affect the polarization of microglia and enhance inflamed microglia-mediated apoptosis of neuronal cells through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, S100A4 may participate in the regulation of neuroinflammation at least partly through regulating the inflammation of microglia.
Blood donors testing positive for HIV, HBV, HCV or HTLV in 2008 and 2009. Donors notified of increased risk of vCJD in 2005.
A mass balance study using 14C-sevelamer hydrochloride, in 16 healthy male and female volunteers showed that sevelamer hydrochloride is not systemically absorbed. No absorption studies have been performed in patients with renal disease.

Drug Interactions

In vivo

Sevelamer carbonate has been studied in human drug-drug interaction studies (9.6 grams once daily with a meal) with warfarin and digoxin. Sevelamer hydrochloride, which contains the same active moiety as sevelamer carbonate, has been studied in human drug-drug interaction studies (2.4 to 2.8 grams single-dose or three times daily with meals or two times daily without meals) with ciprofloxacin, digoxin, enalapril, iron, metoprolol, mycophenolate mofetil, and warfarin.

Co-administered single-dose of 2.8 grams of sevelamer hydrochloride in fasted state decreased the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin by approximately 50% in healthy subjects. Concomitant administration of sevelamer and mycophenolate mofetil in adult and pediatric patients decreased the mean MPA Cmax and AUC0-12h by 36% and 26% respectively. Sevelamer carbonate or sevelamer hydrochloride did not alter the pharmacokinetics of enalapril, digoxin, iron, metoprolol, and warfarin when co-administered.

During postmarketing experience, cases of increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels have been reported in patients co-administered sevelamer hydrochloride and levothyroxine. Reduction in concentrations of cyclosporine and tacrolimus leading to dose increases has also been reported in transplant patients when co-administered with sevelamer hydrochloride without any clinical consequences (for example, graft rejection). The possibility of an interaction cannot be excluded with these drugs.
The initial dose-escalation scheme includes the following eight doses: 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg,80 mg, 160 mg, 320 mg, 480 mg and 620 mg. This dose-escalation scheme has been built with the aim to reach the Minimum Intolerated Dose (MID), i.e. when investigator should stop escalating, and consequently the MTD.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to develop a mobile auditory training application based on gaming for children aged 3-5 years using cochlear implants and to evaluate its usability.
METHODS: 4 games were developed in the scope of the application World of Sounds; the crucible sound for auditory awareness, mole hunting for auditory discrimination, find the sound for auditory recognition, and choo-choo for auditory comprehension. The prototype was applied to 20 children with normal hearing and 20 children with cochlear implants, all of whom were aged 3-5. The participants were asked to fill out the Game Evaluation Form for Children. Moreover, 40 parents were included in the study, and the Evaluation Form for the Application was applied.
RESULTS: According to the form, at least 80% of children using cochlear implants, and all children in the healthy group, responded well to the usability factors. All factors were obtained as highly useable by parents of the children using cochlear implants. The results indicated that in the healthy group, the usefulness and motivation factors were above moderate, and the other factors were highly useable. In the mole-hunting game, there was no significant difference between the groups in the easy level of the first sub-section (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the other sub-sections of the mole-hunting game and all sub-sections of the crucible sound, find the sound, and the choo-choo games (p < 0.05). While there was no correlation between duration of cochlear implant use and ADSI scores and the third sub-section of the crucible sound game (p > 0.05); a correlation was found in the other sub-sections of crucible sound and all sub-sections of the mole hunting, find the sound, and Choo-Choo games (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: It is thought that the application World of Sounds can serve as an accessible option to support traditional auditory rehabilitation for children with cochlear implants.
BACKGROUND: While intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is crucial in numerous spinally related illnesses and is common among the elderly, the complete understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms is still an area of ongoing study. In recent years, it has revealed that liposomes are crucial in the initiation and progression of IVDD. However, their intrinsic mediators and related mechanisms remain unclear. With the development of genomics, an increasing amount of data points to the contribution of genetics in the etiology of disease. Accordingly, this study explored the causality between liposomes and IVDD by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and deeply investigated the intermediary roles of undetected metabolites.
METHODS: According to MR analysis, 179 liposomes and 1400 metabolites were evaluated for their causal association with IVDD. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are strongly associated with the concentrations of liposomes and metabolites. Consequently, they were employed as instrumental variables (IVs) to deduce if they constituted risk elements or protective elements for IVDD. Furthermore, mediation analysis was conducted to pinpoint possible metabolic mediators that link liposomes to IVDD. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) was the main analytical technique. Various confidence tests in the causality estimates were performed, including consistency, heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and sensitivity analyses. Inverse MR analysis was also utilized to estimate potential reverse causality.
RESULTS: MR analysis identified 13 liposomes and 79 metabolites markedly relevant to IVDD. Moreover, the mediation analysis was carried out by choosing the liposome, specifically the triacylglycerol (48:2) levels, which were found to be most notably associated with an increased risk of IVDD. In all, three metabolite-associated mediators were identified (3-methylcytidine levels, inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) to phosphate ratio, and adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) to glycine ratio).
CONCLUSION: The analysis's findings suggested possible causal connections between liposomes, metabolites, and IVDD, which could act as both forecast and prognosis clinical indicators, thereby aiding in the exploration of the pathogenesis behind IVDD.
A secured database is populated with genotypic and phenotypic data using a server coupled with a world wide network of computers. The server provides a web site configured to create trust of the web site by users. Users are invited to submit phenotypic data, and users are invited to submit a biological sample. The secured database is populated with received phenotypic data, and received biological samples are analyzed to obtain genetic data. The secured database is populated with the genetic data obtained from biological samples. Users that previously submitted phenotypic data are prompted to submit new phenotypic data, and the secured database is populated with the received prompted new phenotypic data. The secured database is prompted with received unprompted new phenotypic data.
Women comprise 51% of the total heart disease deaths in the United States (NC with an estimated economic cost expected to climb to more than $258 billion. Hypertension, a prevalent manifestation of early cardiovascular disease, is a silent condition that contributes to significant adverse health consequences. Preeclampsia (PE), a form of pregnancy-induced hypertension diagnosed in the second half of pregnancy, is now established as a non-modifiable risk factor for future development of hypertension. As PE carries a familial risk for future development of PE in female offspring, the implications of increased risk for PE-associated future development of chronic hypertension further compounds the significance of this unique cardiovascular risk. This raises an important health concern, though little is known about the mechanisms underlying risk of PE-associated future chronic hypertension. As epigenetic patterns of DNA methylation are associated with transfer across generations and are known to be dysregulated in PE, we propose to test the central hypothesis that differential DNA methylation patterns in key cardiovascular genes identified in women with PE serve as a biomarker and predictor for therapeutic responsiveness for the remote diagnosis and prognosis of chronic hypertension, respectively. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify distinct epigenetic patterns of DNA methylation associated with preeclampsia (PE) that underlie the future development of hypertension and to determine the implication on responses to moderators and therapeutic interventions in the management of chronic hypertension.Univariate analysis of variance will be used to test associations between DNA methylation in genes and chronic hypertension among women with and without a history of preeclampsia. We will use multiple linear regression to examine differences in treatment responses to high blood pressure based on DNA methylation patterns in candidate cardiovascular genes.