anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Snake bites are considered as one of the major neglected public health issues of tropical areas. They occur chiefly in developing countries and mainly affect poor rural communities. Besides the inadequate supply, distribution and accessibility of antivenom, a major problem is the absence of standardized and adequate treatment protocol. There is a significant diversity in clinical practices, in particular concerning the dose of antivenom given. Additionally, antivenom is often given even in the absence of a clear indication for envenoming. Altogether, this leads to an incredible waste of a scarce and costly resource.

In Nepal there are gross disparities in the management and outcomes of snake bite envenoming. The country's national guidelines, issued in 2004, prescribe an initial antivenom dose that is 5 times less than the one advocated by most experts. The dosage recommended by the National guidelines is not based on scientific or clinical evidence, and currently, there is confusion about the adequate dose to be administered. Some physicians follow recommendations published by experts, others follow the National guidelines, but for most, dosage is arbitrary. These discrepancies directly impact on morbidity and mortality and lead to wastage of a costly treatment that few can afford.

The principal objective of the study is to establish unequivocally which dosage regimen is the most appropriate for the treatment of snake bite neurotoxic envenoming. It is a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial comparing high and low initial doses of snake polyvalent antivenom also known as Anti Snake Venom Serum (ASVS). 250 snake bite victims showing signs of neurotoxic envenoming will be enrolled over 2 years in three health centres of Southern Nepal. Each participant will initially receive either 2 vials or 10 vials of snake polyvalent antivenom. Mortality, the proportion of patients needing assisted respiration, and the percentage of patients who show worsening of neurotoxic signs and therefore require additional doses of antivenom will be compared in both arms. The kinetics of recovery and the total consumption of antivenom will also be compared. Finally, the incidence and severity of early and late adverse reactions to antivenom will be assessed. The economical impact of snake bite envenoming will also be determined by measuring direct and indirect costs to both health services and individual victims. Because they chiefly affect agricultural workers and children, snake bites have serious economic consequences, a fact that is frequently overlooked by national authorities.
Standard anesthesia management will be applied in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. In the induction of anesthesia 1mg/kg lidocaine , 1.5-2mg/kg propofol , 1 mcg /kg fentanyl citrate, 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium bromide will be administered. Sevoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia and propofol and fentanyl if needed bolus will be applied. BIS monitoring will be performed to control the depth of anesthesia. Patients' peroperative hemodynamic levels, arterial blood gas levels, operation time, pump time, aortic cross clamp time, postoperative complications , the amount of blood and fluid used, the amount of iv anesthetic used, the extubation time, the length of stay in the intensive care unit, the length of stay in the hospital will be followed and recorded. Postoperative delirium follow-ups of the patients will be recorded once a day by the same investigator using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale and Delirium Rating Scale Revised-98 until they are discharged from the hospital .
After curing of bonding agent a 2mm increment of composite will be placed on the gingival floor of the cavity and cured. a measured volume of composite(3mm height and 2mm width) will be cured outside the oral cavity on a flat plastic instrument for 40 seconds. a second increment of composite will be placed on the cavity and the precured composite will be pressed in the uncured increment and pressed outward against the matrix band and light cured for 20 seconds the rest of the cavity will be filled using the oblique layering technique.
Protease inhibitors act as substrates or inhibitors of CYP3A4 mediated metabolism. Therefore, due to significant drug-drug interactions between protease inhibitors and rifabutin, their concomitant use should be based on the overall assessment of the patient and a patient-specific drug profile. The concomitant use of protease inhibitors may require at least a 50% reduction in rifabutin dose, and depending on the protease inhibitor, an adjustment of the antiretroviral drug dose. Increased monitoring for adverse events is recommended when using these drug combinations (see PRECAUTIONS-Drug Interactions).

MYCOBUTIN is a CYP3A inducer. Co-administration with antiretroviral drugs metabolized by CYP3A, including but not limited to products containing bictegravir, rilpivirine, or doravirine may decrease plasma concentrations of those antiretroviral drugs, which may lead to loss of virologic response and possible development of resistance. Therefore, co-administration with antiretroviral drugs metabolized by CYP3A is not recommended or there may be a need to increase the dose of antiretroviral drugs (see PRECAUTIONS-Drug Interactions).

For further recommendations, please refer to the most recent prescribing information of the antiretrovirals or contact the specific manufacturer.
BACKGROUND: We present two genetic causes of polyhydramnios that were challenging to diagnose due to their rarity and complexity. In view of the severe implications, we wish to highlight these rare genetic conditions when obstetricians consider differential diagnoses of polyhydramnios in the third trimester.
CASE PRESENTATION: Patient 1 is a 34-year-old Asian woman who was diagnosed with polyhydramnios at 28 weeks' gestation. First trimester testing, fetal anomaly scan, and intrauterine infection screen were normal. Subsequent antenatal ultrasound scans revealed macroglossia, raising the suspicion for Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Chromosomal microarray analysis revealed a female profile with no pathological copy number variants. The patient underwent amnioreduction twice in the pregnancy. The patient presented in preterm labor at 34 weeks' gestation but elected for an emergency caesarean section. Postnatally, the baby was noted to have a bell-shaped thorax, coat hanger ribs, hypotonia, abdominal distension, and facial dysmorphisms suggestive of Kagami-Ogata syndrome. Patient 2 is a 30-year-old Asian woman who was diagnosed with polyhydramnios at 30 weeks' gestation. She had a high-risk first trimester screen but declined invasive testing; non-invasive prenatal testing was low risk. Ultrasound examination revealed a macrosomic fetus with grade 1 echogenic bowels but no other abnormalities. Intrauterine infection screen was negative, and there was no sonographic evidence of fetal anemia. She had spontaneous rupture of membranes at 37 + 3 weeks but subsequently delivered by caesarean section in view of pathological cardiotocography. The baby was noted to have inspiratory stridor, hypotonia, low-set ears, and bilateral toe polysyndactyly. Further genetic testing revealed a female profile with a pathogenic variant of the GLI3 gene, confirming a diagnosis of Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome.
CONCLUSION: These cases illustrate the importance of considering rare genetic causes of polyhydramnios in the differential diagnosis, particularly when fetal anomalies are not apparent at the 20-week structural scan. We would like to raise awareness for these rare conditions, as a high index of suspicion enables appropriate counseling, prenatal testing, and timely referral to pediatricians and geneticists. Early identification and diagnosis allow planning of perinatal care and birth in a tertiary center managed by a multidisciplinary team.
A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (BCT-002) enrolled a total of 207 adult patients with BD with active oral ulcers. Patients were previously treated with at least one nonbiologic BD medication and were candidates for systemic therapy. Patients met the International Study Group (ISG) Criteria for BD. Patients had at least 2 oral ulcers at screening and at least 2 oral ulcers at randomization and without currently active major organ involvement. Concomitant treatment for BD was not allowed.

Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either OTEZLA 30 mg twice daily (n=104) or placebo (n=103) for 12 weeks. After Week 12, all patients received OTEZLA 30 mg twice daily.

Efficacy was assessed based on the number and pain of oral ulcers.

Patients ranged in age from 19 to 72, with a mean age of 40 years. The mean duration of BD was 6.84 years. All subjects had a history of recurrent oral ulcers that were currently active. Subjects had a history of skin lesions (98.6%), genital ulcers (90.3%), musculoskeletal manifestations (72.5%), ocular manifestations (17.4%), central nervous system (9.7%), gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations (9.2%) and vascular involvement (1.4%). The mean baseline oral ulcer counts were 4.2 and 3.9 in the OTEZLA and placebo groups, respectively. 

Measures of Oral Ulcers

Improvements in measures of oral ulcers at Week 12 are presented in Table 8.

Figure 1 displays the mean number of oral ulcers for each treatment group at each visit, while Figure 2 displays the mean oral ulcer pain on a visual analog scale for each treatment group at each visit.
Subject will receive doses of intravenous dexamethasone, a corticosteroid. The first dose will be given before the incision and the subsequent doses will be given 8 and 16 hours after the first dose. Dexamethasone doses will be 0.3 mg/kg for the first dose and 0.15 mg/kg for each subsequent dose.
The utility model relates to a 'huaduling' tablet structure, which is composed of two medicine layers. A medicine layer for treating the cancer of the 'huaduling' tablet structure is positioned at an inner layer. A digestion aid and appetizer layer is a wrapping layer which is arranged on the outside of the inner layer. The upper end surface and the lower end surface of the tablet are circular arc-shaped. An interlayer is arranged between the inner layer and the wrapping layer. The utility model can ensure anticancer medical components, and can also raise the absorption capability of a human body, with the advantage of convenient operation.
The invention provides the formula and the production process of a uremia capsule. The uremia capsule is primarily prepared from Japanese morning glory, rhubarb, adsuki bean, green tangerine orange peel, red tangerine peel, pinang, hemlock parsley, natural indigo, radix rehmanniae preparata, tortoise plastron, plantago and angelica. The uremia capsule has the characteristics of quick result in reinforcing yin essence, detoxifcation, diuresis, tonifying the kidney-yin, and complementing yang, improving immunity, ensuring kidney clean, improving microcirculation, promoting the quick restoration of injured tissues of kidney, relieving the primary and secondary symptoms at the same time, causing no side effect and being used conveniently. The uremia capsule is suitable to be taken orally by uremia sufferer. After the uremia capsule is taken, the uremia capsule takes effect on the same day when the uremia capsule is taken. Sufferers can be healed with ten doses of the capsules with the effective rate of 100 percent. The capsule is worth promoting.
Food Intake Study: This will be a 4-week randomized controlled intervention study with a vegetable intake questionnaire, daily food intake, and seasoning usage measurement to test the acceptability of different seasoning ingredients and vegetable intake in healthy adults. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups (a) vegetables prepared with 50% NaCl and 50% MSG (50/50MSG Mix); (b) vegetables prepared with 70% NaCl and 30% MSG (70/30 MSG Mix); (c) vegetables prepared with NaCl (table salt). Before the intervention, each group will be asked to keep a daily food intake record for one week to determine baseline vegetable intake. Each group will receive a culinary medicine program electronically, including recipe demonstrations, cooking skills, and nutrition education videos to provide instruction for vegetable consumption according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. According to each treatment group, a bottle of seasoning ingredients will be provided to use on vegetables. Prior to the intervention, participants will be 1) instructed on how to track daily food intake data using the MyFitnessPal® app, 2) track food intake for seven days, and 3) complete a questionnaire regarding vegetable intake pre-intervention. According to the group assignment, each treatment group will also receive a bottle of a seasoning blend that includes either 50/50MSG Mix, 70/30 MSG Mix, or NaCl to use on vegetables prepared at home. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, culinary medicine education (recipe demonstrations, cooking skills, and education videos for vegetable consumption) will be delivered electronically at baseline and once per week for four weeks to each participant. For four weeks, participants will track all meals daily, including vegetables prepared with designated seasoning at home. Remote follow-ups and dietary intake will be conducted weekly. After the intervention, the participants will 1) complete the same vegetable intake questionnaire for the four weeks of the intervention and 2) return the bottle of seasoning blend provided. Usage of seasoning for four weeks will be recorded. Data analyses will evaluate the changes in outcomes within and between groups. Participants will also be informed of the sensory evaluation study to be included among other participants of that study. MSG_Diet Food Questionaries (Updated).docx MyFitness Pal instructions.docx

Sensory Evaluation Study: A sensory evaluation utilizing all seasoning methods from the intervention will be conducted at a Texas Tech University culinary education lab. In a Texas Tech University culinary education lab, 2-4 vegetables will be cooked and seasoned with either 50/50MSG Mix, 70/30 MSG Mix, or NaCl for taste testing. Then, using a standardized form, participants will rate their acceptability and preference of each vegetable, including sensory characteristics such as appearance, color, odor, texture, and flavor.
Apparatus and methods for call management is provided. The apparatus may include system architecture comprising a first I/O platform, a processing engine and a second I/O platform. The first I/O platform may receive a call from a calling source and augment the call by pulling data from a calling sources database. The call may then be routed to the processing engine for a determination of whether cached data can satisfy a data request stored in the call. If the cached data cannot respond to the data request in the call, the processing engine may transmit the call to the second I/O platform. The second I/O platform may leverage a vendor data intelligence engine for selecting an appropriate data source to receive the call. The second I/O platform may subsequently format the call for transmission to the appropriate data source and, after the formatting, route the call.
The safety and effectiveness of propofol have been established for induction of anesthesia in pediatric patients aged 3 years and older and for the maintenance of anesthesia aged 2 months and older.

In pediatric patients, administration of fentanyl concomitantly with propofol may result in serious bradycardia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].

Propofol is not indicated for use in pediatric patients for ICU sedation or for MAC sedation for surgical, nonsurgical or diagnostic procedures as safety and effectiveness have not been established.

There have been anecdotal reports of serious adverse events and death in pediatric patients with upper respiratory tract infections receiving propofol for ICU sedation.

In one multicenter clinical trial of ICU sedation in critically ill pediatric patients that excluded patients with upper respiratory tract infections, the incidence of mortality observed in patients who received propofol (n=222) was 9%, while that for patients who received standard sedative agents (n=105) was 4%. While causality was not established in this study, propofol is not indicated for ICU sedation in pediatric patients until further studies have been performed to document its safety in that population [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) and Dosage and Administration (2.1 and 2.2)]. However, propofol infusions are routinely used to provide safe sedation to critically ill pediatric patients in ICUs.

In pediatric patients, abrupt discontinuation of propofol following prolonged infusion may result in flushing of the hands and feet, agitation, tremulousness and hyperirritability. Increased incidences of bradycardia (5%), agitation (4%), and jitteriness (9%) have also been observed.

Published juvenile animal studies demonstrate that the administration of anesthetic and sedation drugs, such as propofol, that either block NMDA receptors or potentiate the activity of GABA during the period of rapid brain growth or synaptogenesis, results in widespread neuronal and oligodendrocyte cell loss in the developing brain and alterations in synaptic morphology and neurogenesis. Based on comparisons across species, the window of vulnerability to these changes is believed to correlate with exposures in the third trimester of gestation through the first several months of life, but may extend out to approximately 3 years of age in humans.

In primates, exposure to 3 hours of ketamine that produced a light surgical plane of anesthesia did not increase neuronal cell loss, however, treatment regimens of 5 hours or longer of isoflurane increased neuronal cell loss. Data from isoflurane-treated rodents and ketamine-treated primates suggest that the neuronal and oligodendrocyte cell losses are associated with prolonged cognitive deficits in learning and memory. The clinical significance of these nonclinical findings is not known, and healthcare providers should balance the benefits of appropriate anesthesia in pregnant women, neonates, and young children who require procedures with the potential risks suggested by the nonclinical data [see Warnings and Precaution (5.3), Pregnancy (8.1), and Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology (13.2)].
This is a multi-centre, single arm, phase II study of single agent elranatamab in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (MM) who have previously received at least three classes of therapeutic agents and are refractory to the last line of treatment. Potential study participants must have documented evidence of refractory or progressive disease during or within 60 days (measured from the end of the last cycle) of completing treatment with the last anti-myeloma drug regimen used just prior to study entry. Study participants will receive SC administration of elranatamab until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or death. The primary short term outcome is hospitalization rate within the first 2 weeks of Cycle 1 of treatment; the primary long term outcome is rate of grade 3+ infections within the first 24 months of treatment. Study participants will be followed for survival for 36 months from the date of enrollment. A total of 40 study participants will be enrolled across approximately 5 Canadian clinical trial sites.
An increasing body of evidence suggests that diabetes mellitus (DM) plays a role in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, the specific causal relationship between DM and SNHL remains partially uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between DM and the risk of SNHL using a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms closely related to DM were selected as instrumental variables using open genome-wide association study datasets. Three methods based on inverse variance weighted were utilized to investigate the causal relationship between DM and SNHL. Subsequently, multivariable MR (MVMR) was executed to adjust for confounding genetic associations. In addition, a range of sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the stability and reliability of the MR results. The inverse variance weighted analysis indicated a potential genetic causality between DM and SNHL (odds ratio [OR]: 2.179; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.123-4.231; P = .021). The sensitivity analyses showed that the included single nucleotide polymorphisms had no heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and outliers (P > .05). Moreover, the leave-one-out method further verified the robustness of the MR analysis results. Finally, the results of the MVMR study predicted that there was a genetic causal relationship between type 1 DM and SNHL (OR: 1.032; 95%CI: 1.018-1.047; P = 5.45 × 10-6), while there was no causality between type 2 DM and SNHL (OR: 1.000; 95%CI: 0.958-1.036; P = .853). Our study suggested that DM and type 1 DM may be genetically responsible for SNHL. Although our study did not detect a genetic causal relationship between type 2 DM and SNHL, this does not rule out a relationship between them at other mechanistic levels. Further studies are required to confirm the findings and look into the physiological and pathological mechanism underlying these relationships.
Neutrophil membrane-coated nanoparticles (NM-NPs) are nanomedicines with traits of mimicking the surface properties and functions of neutrophils, which are the most abundant type of white blood cells in the human body. NM-NPs have been widely used as targeted drug delivery systems for various inflammatory diseases, but their intrinsic effects on inflammation are not fully characterized yet. This study found that NM-NPs could modulate inflammation by multiple mechanisms without drug loading. NM-NPs could inhibit the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages to the inflamed site by capturing chemokines and blocking their adhesion to inflamed endothelial cells. After internalized by macrophages and other phagocytic cells, NM-NPs could alter their phenotype by phosphatidylserine and simultaneously degrade the sequestered and neutralized cytokines and chemokines by lysosomal degradation. Under these effects, NM-NPs exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced inflammatory liver injury in vivo without drug loading. Our study unveiled the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of NM-NPs without drug loading, and provided new insights and evidence for understanding their biological effects and safety, as well as developing more effective and safe targeted drug delivery systems.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a harmless magnetic nanoparticle useful for a medical treatment in vivo.  <P>SOLUTION: The apatite-coated magnetic nanoparticle forms a sufficient amount of an apatite layer on the circumference of a ferromagnetic particle core by forming a lepidocrocite-containing layer on a ferromagnetic particle core surface and forming an apatite layer on the lepidocrocite-containing layer when a ferromagnetic particle core is coated with apatite. Thereby, a metal ion in the ferromagnetic particle core is prevented from directly coming into contact with a biological component. The metal ion does not elute in the body fluid of a living body. The apatite-coated magnetic nanoparticle having high biocompatibility is produced.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Theophylline is structurally classified as a methylxanthine. It occurs as a white, odorless, crystalline powder with a bitter taste. Anhydrous theophylline has the chemical name 1,3-Dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione, and is represented by the following structural formula:

C7H8N4O2 M.W.180.17 g/mol.

This product allows a 12-hour dosing interval for a majority of patients and a 24-hour dosing interval for selected patients (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION section for description of appropriate patient populations).

Each extended-release tablet for oral administration contains either 300 mg or 450 mg of anhydrous theophylline. Tablets also contain as inactive ingredients: hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and povidone.