anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is a complication of solid organ transplantation. In the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Clinic, the frequency of this complication exceeds 50% of kidney transplant recipients without diabetes prior to transplantation. NODAT is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. As this complication appears to occur rather soon after transplantation, potential preventative strategies need to be instituted soon after transplantation. Although traditional risk factors, such as family history, obesity, and minority status, explain some of the additional risk, it is thought that the immunosuppressive agents themselves are responsible for the increased risk of NODAT. The immunosuppressive agents are needed to prevent rejection, and we are left to consider additional strategies to prevent the onset of NODAT. This is a pilot study utilizing the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study in consecutive kidney transplant recipients at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Sitagliptin has been tested in patients with type 2 diabetes who have received a kidney transplant and have shown no major side effects or alterations in immunosuppressive drug levels. This agent is FDA-approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but it has a low rate of hypoglycemia. It is thought to work by inhibiting the enzyme that naturally breaks down glucagons-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), thus increasing endogenous levels of GLP-1. GLP-1 inhibits glucagons and has stimulatory effects on beta cell function. Although the current study will treat all non-diabetic patients in the hope that NODAT is delayed or prevented, this incretin-based therapy is thought to have a low risk for hypoglycemia and other side effects. In addition, it can be safely used during low-GFR conditions. The study will attempt to recruit 40 subjects (20 sitagliptin and 20 control subjects). Patients will initiate placebo or control at 2 weeks after transplantation. Subjects will be followed in the UNMC Transplant Clinic. Initially, patients will be seen weekly and later will be followed every three months for up to 1 year. The primary outcome is the development of NODAT based on the 2003 Consensus International Guidelines. Fasting glucose levels will be followed according to usual post-transplant monitoring with testing as frequently as weekly during the recent post-transplant period and eventually going to at least monthly. Secondary outcomes include HbA1c values and glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin levels after a 75 oral glucose load that will be obtained at baseline and then every three months. In addition, side effects, including hypoglycemia, will be followed. The study will have a local Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB). Consent will be obtained prior to transplantation.
The participant will undergo an MRI scan using a slower rate of entry than that specified by the manufacturer. This rate of entry is two minutes (120 seconds).
Alterations in intestinal permeability and the gut microbiome caused by alcohol abuse are associated with alcoholic liver disease and with worsening of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) symptoms. To resolve the direct effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the colon and its microbiome in the absence of acute or chronic alcohol-induced liver disease, we developed a mouse model of chronic binge drinking that uncovers how alcohol may enhance susceptibility to colitis via the microbiota. Employing daily ethanol gavage, we recapitulate key features of binge ethanol consumption. We found that binge ethanol drinking worsens intestinal infection, colonic injury and inflammation, and this effect persists beyond the drinking period. Using gnotobiotics, we showed that alcohol-driven susceptibility to colitis is microbiota-dependent and transferable to ethanol-naïve mice by microbiome transplantation. Allobaculum spp. expanded in binge drinking mice, and administration of Allobaculum fili was sufficient to enhance colitis in non-drinking mice. Our study provides a model to study binge drinking-microbiota interactions and their effects on host disease and reinforces the pathogenic function of Allobaculum spp. as colitogenic bacteria. Our findings illustrate how chronic binge drinking-induced alterations of the microbiome may affect susceptibility to IBD onset or flares.
The development of a safe and effective gene delivery system is the biggest obstacle of gene therapy in clinical application. In researches in the invention, a sorbitol polyamine polymer-based gene delivery system is developed as a replaceable gene vector of the lung cancer gene therapy. Sorbitol diacrylate and spermine undergo a Michael addition reaction to prepare a high-molecular polymer named as SD-SPE. The polymer SD-SPE can effectively compress DNA into nano-particles and effectively protect the DNA from being degraded by ribozyme. An SD-SPE/DNA compound has an excellent transfection efficiency and a low toxicity in vivo and in vitro. A lung inhalation delivery SD-SPE/Pdcd4 compound can substantially inhibit lung tumors in lung cancer model mice K-rasLA1. The above results prove that the SD-SPE has great potential in the lung cancer gene therapy due to its excellent biocompatibility and high gene delivery efficiency.
BACKGROUND: Esophagectomy is a high-risk procedure that can involve serious postoperative complications. There has been an increase in the number of minimally invasive esophagectomies (MIEs) being performed. However, the relationship between intraoperative management and postoperative complications in MIE remains unclear.
METHODS: After the institutional review board approval, we enrolled 300 patients who underwent MIE at Tohoku University Hospital between April 2016 and March 2021. The relationships among patient characteristics, intraoperative and perioperative factors, and postoperative complications were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was the relationship between intraoperative fluid volume and anastomotic leakage, and the secondary outcomes included the associations between other perioperative factors and postoperative complications.
RESULTS: Among 300 patients, 28 were excluded because of missing data; accordingly, 272 patients were included in the final analysis. The median [interquartile range] operative duration was 599 [545-682] minutes; total intraoperative infusion volume was 3,747 [3,038-4,399] mL; total infusion volume per body weight per hour was 5.48 [4.42-6.73] mL/kg/h; and fluid balance was + 2,648 [2,015-3,263] mL. The postoperative complications included anastomotic leakage in 68 (25%) patients, recurrent nerve palsy in 91 (33%) patients, pneumonia in 62 (23%) patients, cardiac arrhythmia in 13 (5%) patients, acute kidney injury in 5 (2%) patients, and heart failure in 5 (2%) patients. The Cochrane-Armitage trend test indicated significantly increased anastomotic leakage among patients with a relatively high total infusion volume (P = 0.0085). Moreover, anastomotic leakage was associated with male sex but not with peak serum lactate levels. Patients with a longer anesthesia duration or recurrent nerve palsy had a significantly higher incidence of postoperative pneumonia than those without. Further, the incidence of postoperative pneumonia was not associated with the operative duration, total infusion volume, or fluid balance. The operative duration and blood loss were related to the total infusion volume. Acute kidney injury was not associated with the total infusion volume or serum lactate levels.
CONCLUSIONS: Among patients who underwent MIE, the total infusion volume was positively correlated with the incidence of anastomotic leakage. Further, postoperative pneumonia was associated with recurrent nerve palsy but not total infusion volume or fluid balance.
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to describe the indications, technique, and initial outcomes of autologous rib graft with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP) in pediatric patients undergoing posterior cervical fusion.
METHODS: A retrospective study was performed of all pediatric patients who underwent autologous rib grafting with extra-small rhBMP-2 for posterior craniocervical or cervical arthrodesis at a single institution between May 2020 and July 2023. Patients with less than 3 months of postoperative follow-up and no postoperative CT data were excluded. Primary outcomes included presence of fusion on CT, 30-day perioperative complications, and rib harvest complications.
RESULTS: Twenty-eight sequential patients met inclusion criteria. Thirteen were male, 15 were female, and the average age was 9 years. There were no surgical site infections or instances of postoperative seroma or unplanned return to the operating room. All patients had solid fusion on postoperative CT at 3 months. The average follow-up was 14.5 months, with a range of 4 months to 3 years. There were no complications associated with the rib harvest, including no instances of harvest site pain, and all patient incisions healed well.
CONCLUSIONS: The authors' preliminary results demonstrate that autologous rib graft with extra-small rhBMP-2 is an effective strategy to achieve a high rate of fusion in pediatric patients undergoing posterior instrumented craniocervical or cervical fusion. In this series, the authors found an acceptable safety profile, without seroma, surgical site infection, unplanned return to the operating room, or rib harvest complications.
BACKGROUND: Gallstone disease is a common health problem worldwide. The role of the gut microbiota in gallstone pathogenesis remains obscure. Our aim was to evaluate the association and crosstalk between gut microbiota, gut metabolomic, and metabolic parameters in cholesterol gallstone patients, pigmented gallstone patients, and controls.
METHODS: We collected stool samples from healthy individuals and patients with gallstones in our hospital from March 2019 to February 2021. 16s rRNA sequencing was performed, followed by differential abundance analyses. Measurement of bile acids and short-chain fatty acids was conducted via targeted metabolomics.
RESULT: Thirty healthy individuals and 20 gallstone patients were recruited. The intergroup difference of microbial composition was significant between control and gallstone patients. The control group had more abundant Faecalibacterium , Prevotella 9 , and Bacteroides plebeius DSM 17135 . The cholesterol stones group had higher Desulfovibrionaceae and Bacteroides uniformis than the other two groups, while the pigment stone group had more abundant Escherichia-Shigella . In the analysis of metabolites, only n-butyric acid had a significantly higher concentration in the controls than in the gallstone group ( p < 0.01). The level of 3α-hydroxy-12 ketolithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and cholic acid showed no intergroup differences but was correlated to the serum cholesterol level and bacterial richness and evenness.
CONCLUSION: Our study revealed the key taxa that can discriminate between individuals with or without gallstones. We also identified metabolites that are possibly associated with metabolic parameter and bacterial diversity. However, the correlation of the metabolites to certain clusters of bacteria should be analyzed in a larger cohort.
Cases of thrombotic microangiopathy, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/ hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS), have been reported in patients who received Kyprolis. Some of these events have been fatal.

Monitor for signs and symptoms of TTP/HUS. If the diagnosis is suspected, stop Kyprolis and evaluate. If the diagnosis of TTP/HUS is excluded, Kyprolis may be restarted. The safety of reinitiating Kyprolis therapy in patients previously experiencing TTP/HUS is not known.
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the primary carcinogen in uterine cervical carcinoma. While genotype-specific carcinogenic risks have been extensively studied in Western populations, data from Korean are sparse. This study evaluates the malignant potential of the three most prevalent HR-HPVs in Korea: HPV16, HPV52, and HPV58. We analyzed 230 patients who underwent cervical conization and had been tested for HPV within a year prior to the procedure, excluding those with multiple infections. This analysis was confined to patients with single HPV infections and assessed outcomes of CIN3+, which includes carcinoma in situ (CIN3) and invasive carcinoma. The incidence of invasive cervical cancer was 6.7% for HPV16, 1.7% for HPV52, and 2.0% for HPV58; however, these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.187). The rate of CIN3+ for HPV16, HPV52, and HPV58 were 70.6%, 51.7%, and 58.8%, respectively. Despite the small sample size, which may limit the robustness of statistical analysis, the data suggest a higher observed risk with HPV16. These findings highlight the need for vigilant clinical management tailored to specific HPV genotypes and support the implementation of a nine-valent vaccine in Korea. Physicians should be aware of these genotype-specific risks when treating patients.
Psilocybin has shown promise for alleviating symptoms of depression and is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN), a condition that is characterised by persistent cognitive inflexibility. Considering that enhanced cognitive flexibility after psilocybin treatment is reported to occur in individuals with depression, it is plausible that psilocybin could improve symptoms of AN by breaking down cognitive inflexibility. A mechanistic understanding of the actions of psilocybin is required to tailor the clinical application of psilocybin to individuals most likely to respond with positive outcomes. This can only be achieved using incisive neurobiological approaches in animal models. Here, we use the activity-based anorexia (ABA) rat model and comprehensively assess aspects of reinforcement learning to show that psilocybin (post-acutely) improves body weight maintenance in female rats and facilitates cognitive flexibility, specifically via improved adaptation to the initial reversal of reward contingencies. Further, we reveal the involvement of signalling through the serotonin (5-HT) 1 A and 5-HT2A receptor subtypes in specific aspects of learning, demonstrating that 5-HT1A antagonism negates the cognitive enhancing effects of psilocybin. Moreover, we show that psilocybin elicits a transient increase and decrease in cortical transcription of these receptors (Htr2a and Htr1a, respectively), and a further reduction in the abundance of Htr2a transcripts in rats exposed to the ABA model. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that psilocybin could ameliorate cognitive inflexibility in the context of AN and highlight a need to better understand the therapeutic mechanisms independent of 5-HT2A receptor binding.
Patients with FeNO level greater than 25 ppb were randomly allocated to one of two groups. Randomisation was stratified by baseline FeNO. In one group (treatment group), participants were assigned to once daily treatment with 400 µg budesonide. In the other group (non-treatment group), participants did not receive any medication.
The study will include 60, ≥18 year old patients (of both genders) with head and neck cancers receiving concurrent radiation and chemotherapy treatment. Patients with any pathologically proven head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, except those of the nasopharynx and sinus will be eligible, if there is no evidence of metastatic disease. Patients with previous chemotherapy or radiation treatment will be excluded. A Karnofsky performance status ≥60% or more is required. Patients with significant cardiac, chest or gastrointestinal comorbidities will be excluded, as will those who have had previous chemotherapy or radiation treatment. Patients may receive standard nutritional care, as needed.

This study will involve an examination of the patient to evaluate mucositis, collection blood samples for analysis of specific indicators of nutritional status and completion of questionnaire regarding food intake and functional status. Blood samples will be collected and brief questionnaires about diet and weight status will be completed at each of the three visits. Visits will occur before treatment begins, at the end of XRT treatment and 4-6 weeks after completion of XRT. Assessments for the presence and severity of mucositis and functional status (Karnofsky) will be done at each visit. All of the samples and data collection will be done at visits to clinic required for the patients' treatment. If it is necessary to obtain blood samples from the central venous catheter, this will be done using aseptic technique and will be performed by a nurse. In some instances, the information obtained as part of this project may be used to reduce side effects of therapy.
OBJECTIVE: The National Stroke Association and the American Heart Association consider retinal ischemia, as in the case of amaurosis fugax (AF), to be a stroke event. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for ischemic cerebral stroke in patients hospitalized for acute AF.
METHODS: The National Inpatient Sample Database from 2002 to 2014 was used to identify patients 21 years of age and older with a primary admission diagnosis of AF with the ICD-9 code 362.34. Comorbidity measures and in-hospital events were extracted using relevant ICD-9 codes. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 25 and R package.
RESULTS: A weighted total of 12,142 patients was identified. The most common comorbidities in this cohort with AF included hypertension, dyslipidemia, tobacco use, coronary artery disease (CAD), and diabetes mellitus. Multivariable regression analysis showed comorbidities of hypercoagulable state, systemic vasculitis, CAD, and atherosclerosis to be independent risk factors for ischemic stroke in patients with AF. In contrast, dyslipidemia was associated with a decreased risk. Asian/Pacific Islander race conferred a 5-fold increased risk compared with Whites.
CONCLUSION: Ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction were diagnosed in 0.3%-0.9% of hospitalized acute AF cases. Presence of hypercoagulable state, systemic vasculitis, CAD, and atherosclerosis each individually increased the risk of ischemic stroke by more than 3-fold; patients with these risk factors and acute AF should be closely monitored for developing acute systemic thrombotic events.
In recent studies, the significant effects of macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin) on immune response, unrelated to their anti-microbial properties, have been appreciated. Clinical trials of macrolides added to -lactams in bacteremic Streptococcus pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) have consistently demonstrated an absolute risk reduction in mortality of 15% in most populations. Several cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) interleukin (IL) -1 and IL-8 which are generally proinflammatory and IL-6 and IL-10, which tend to be anti-inflammatory have been associated with sepsis. TNF is a cytokine that for a number of reasons is thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock. TNF concentrations are increased during clinical and experimental sepsis and increasing concentrations and especially persistence of high concentrations of TNF during sepsis are associated with decreased survival. Therefore, our primary aim is to determine whether macrolide treatment of patients with severe sepsis has an advantageous immunomodulatory and clinical effect compared to severe septic patients without macrolide therapy. Our main hypothesis is macrolide use in addition to standard therapy in severe septic patients has an advantageous immunomodulatory and clinical effect compared to patients with severe sepsis not treated with a macrolide.
Transrectal palpation (TP) is a basic skill in equine practice. Traditional TP learning methods include instructor-assisted TP in live animals, but this approach presents animal welfare concerns, especially when it needs to be used with large numbers of students. The main objective of this study is to compare two learning methods of TP: traditional methodology with live horses (LH) and alternative methodology using a cadaver with its flanks dissected (CDV). Twenty students with no previous equine TP experience were randomly assigned to two groups: LH (n = 10) and CDV (n = 10). Both groups received initial theoretical training before the LH or CDV session. Learning outcomes of both groups were assessed in a new TP session with live horses. All students were asked about their success in palpating seven intra-abdominal structures and objective ultrasound confirmation (UC) was also performed. Successful perception in palpation and by UC was similar in both LH and CDV students' groups, without significant differences. Anonymous surveys answered by these 20 volunteers and by 126 students enrolled in the regulated course who also received this CDV training showed very positive feedback on the CDV methodology. As a limitation of the study, there were few students in each group and most of the results are based on subjective criteria. Nevertheless, we can conclude that CDV is a useful tool for teaching TP, with good learning results, allowing the instructor to see what the student is touching and avoiding the LH disadvantages. This translation was provided by the authors. To view the original article visit: https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme-2023-0010-es.
Metronidazole Injection, USP is a ready-to-use iso-osmotic solution. No dilution or buffering is required. Do not refrigerate. Each container of Metronidazole Injection, USP contains 14 mEq of sodium. 

Do not connect flexible plastic containers in series in order to avoid air embolism due to possible residual air contained in the primary container. 

Pressurizing intravenous solutions contained in flexible plastic containers to increase flow rates can result in air embolism if the residual air in the container is not fully evacuated prior to administration. 

Use of a vented intravenous administration set with the vent in the open position could result in air embolism. Vented intravenous administration sets with the vent in the open position should not be used with flexible plastic containers.

Discard any unused portion. 

For single dose only.
AIMS: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system. High expression of the mitotic kinase BUB1 has been shown to be associated with the development of many cancers, but the role of BUB1 in GC is still unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the role of BUB1 in GC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: BUB1 inhibitor, siRNA or BUB1 overexpression plasmid-mediated functional studies were performed in vitro and in vivo to explore the oncogenic role of BUB1 in GC. The expression of BUB1 and FGF18 in GC tumor samples was determined by IHC staining. RNA-seq, Western blot, MeRIP-qPCR and Co-IP assays were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which BUB1 regulates GC progression.
KEY FINDINGS: Knockdown of BUB1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, overexpression of BUB1 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. High expression of BUB1 and FGF18 in GC tissues predicted poor prognosis in GC patients. Mechanistically, BUB1 interacted with METTL3 and induced m6A modification of TRAF6 mRNA, further activating the NF-κB/FGF18 axis in GC cells.
SIGNIFICANCE: Our results confirmed that BUB1 acts as a positive regulator of GC cell proliferation and metastasis by activating the TRAF6/NF-κB/FGF18 pathway through METTL3-mediated m6A methylation. Targeting the BUB1/METTL3/TRAF6/NF-κB/FGF18 axis might be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategy in GC.