anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Introduction. Staphylococcus aureus is a leading agent in community-acquired bacteraemia (CAB) and has been linked to elevated mortality rates and methicillin resistance in Costa Rica.Gap statement and aim. To update and enhance previous data obtained in this country, we analysed the clinical manifestations of 54 S. aureus CAB cases in a tertiary hospital and delineated the sequence types (STs), virulome, and resistome of the implicated isolates.Methodology. Clinical information was retrieved from patient files. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were obtained with disc diffusion and automated phenotypic tests. Genomic data were exploited to type the isolates and for detection of resistance and virulence genes.Results. Primary infections predominantly manifested as bone and joint infections, followed by skin and soft tissue infections. Alarmingly, 70% of patients continued to exhibit positive haemocultures beyond 48 h of treatment modification, with nearly a quarter requiring mechanical ventilation or developing septic shock. The 30-day mortality rate reached an alarming 40%. More than 60% of the patients were found to have received suboptimal or inappropriate antibiotic treatment, and there was an alarming tendency towards the overuse of third-generation cephalosporins as empirical treatment. Laboratory tests indicated elevated creatinine levels, leukocytosis, and bandaemia within the first 24 h of hospitalization. However, most showed improvement after 48 h. The isolates were categorized into 13 STs, with a predominance of representatives from the clonal complexes CC72 (ST72), CC8 (ST8), CC5 (ST5, ST6), and CC1 (ST188). Twenty-four isolates tested positive for mecA, with ST72 strains accounting for 20. In addition, we detected genes conferring acquired resistance to aminoglycosides, MLSB antibiotics, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and mutations for fluoroquinolone resistance in the isolate collection. Genes associated with biofilm formation, capsule synthesis, and exotoxin production were prevalent, in contrast to the infrequent detection of enterotoxins or exfoliative toxin genes.Conclusions. Our findings broaden our understanding of S. aureus infections in a largely understudied region and can enhance patient management and treatment strategies.
Mirtazapine Orally Disintegrating Tablets are an orally administered drug. Mirtazapine has a tetracyclic chemical structure and belongs to the piperazino-azepine group of compounds. It is designated 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydro-2-methylpyrazino [2,1-a] pyrido [2,3-c] benzazepine and has the empirical formula of C17H19N3. Its molecular weight is 265.36. The structural formula is the following and it is the racemic mixture:

Mirtazapine is a white to creamy white crystalline powder which is slightly soluble in water. Mirtazapine Orally Disintegrating Tablets are available for oral administration as an orally disintegrating tablet containing 15, 30, or 45 mg of mirtazapine. It disintegrates in the mouth within seconds after placement on the tongue, allowing its contents to be subsequently swallowed with or without water. Mirtazapine Orally Disintegrating Tablets also contain the following inactive ingredients: aspartame, citric acid, crospovidone, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, natural and artificial orange flavor, polymethacrylate, povidone, sodium bicarbonate, starch, and sucrose.
Patients receive vemurafenib PO BID on day 1-28 and cobimetinib PO QD on days 1-21. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 5 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may then receive radiation therapy, surgery, or continued treatment with vemurafenib and cobimetinib at the discretion of the treating physician.
PURPOSE:To obtain an instantaneous therapeutic agent for bronchial asthma, containing a pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative as an active ingredient and having bronchodilatation. CONSTITUTION:This therapeutic agent contains a compound of the formula [R1 and R2 are each H, an alkyl or benzyl; R3 is H, hydroxy, a dialkylaminomethyleneamino or an NH-X (X is H, an alkyl, an alkenyl, etc.); R4 is H, an alkyl, a halogen, nitro, etc.; R5 is H, an alkyl, an amino] or its salt as an active ingredient. The compound of the formula is an instantaneous therapeutic agent for relieving symptom of respiratory distress in attack of asthma by directly acting on contracted smooth muscle of tube and relaxing the muscle and useful for treating various bronchial asthma such as allergic asthma, endogenous asthma, exogenous asthma and dust asthma. A proper carrier or diluent for medicines is properly added to the compound and the mixture is prepared in oral or parental form and the daily dose of the compound is 1-1000mg, preferably 5-500mg/adult.
The present invention provides a skin beautifying agent which contains glucosamine or the salt thereof serving as an active ingredient, wherein glucosamine salt comprises glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride and glucosamine chloride. The skin beautifying agent can be used for preparing into an oral preparation of any dosage form, and can present tablets, capsules, pills, granules, liquor, emulsion, paste and gelling agents. The skin beautifying agent of the present invention can be doped in food, such as dairy products, paste products, soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, sweets, etc. after the skin beautifying agent of the present invention is orally taken, glucosamine and the salt thereof serving as active ingredients can be rapidly absorbed by a human body and can be distributed in skin tissue. By synthesizing a part of precursor substances serving as acid mucopolysaccharide into hyaluronic acid in a human body, the skin beautifying agent can improve the water keeping performance of skin, maintain the elasticity of skin, and prevent skin from becoming rough and small wrinkles from forming. Therefore, the skin beautifying agent has the effects of beautifying skin and nourishing the face.
###  Teratogenic Effects

####  Pregnancy Category B

The safety of miglitol tablets in pregnant women has not been established. Developmental toxicology studies have been performed in rats at doses of 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg, corresponding to levels of approximately 1.5, 4, and 12 times the maximum recommended human exposure based on body surface area. In rabbits, doses of 10, 45, and 200 mg/kg corresponding to levels of approximately 0.5, 3, and 10 times the human exposure were examined. These studies revealed no evidence of fetal malformations attributable to miglitol. Doses of miglitol up to 4 and 3 times the human dose (based on body surface area), for rats and rabbits respectively, did not reveal evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus. The highest doses tested in these studies, 450 mg/kg in the rat and 200 mg/kg in the rabbit promoted maternal and/or fetal toxicity. Fetotoxicity was indicated by a slight but significant reduction in fetal weight in the rat study and slight reduction in fetal weight, delayed ossification of the fetal skeleton and increase in the percentage of non-viable fetuses in the rabbit study. In the peri-postnatal study in rats, the NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) was 100 mg/kg (corresponding to approximately four times the exposure to humans, based on body surface area). An increase in stillborn progeny was noted at the high dose (300 mg/kg) in the rat peri-postnatal study, but not at the high dose (450 mg/kg) in the delivery segment of the rat developmental toxicity study. Otherwise, there was no adverse effect on survival, growth, development, behavior, or fertility in either the rat developmental toxicity or peri-postnatal studies. There are however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, miglitol should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
The ILIT.NU trial (EudraCT 2020-001060-28) investigates whether patient reported outcome measures compound symptom-medication score (cSMS) are relieved by intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT). The participants are asked for a three-year period to attend annual consultations and to daily fill in an online questionnaire about their allergy symptoms and medication use during the grass pollen season (100 days).

High attrition rates have been a problem in previous ILIT trials. High attrition affects generalizability, validity and reliability of a trial. To increase retention and reporting in the ILIT.NU trial, a motivation-enhancing web-based app has been developed. The web app is based on the Self-Determination Theory and is developed in collaboration with patient partners and clinicians. Participants are randomized across treatment group to either the motivation-enhancing web app or the standard reporting method. The project is conducted as a Study Within a Trial (SWAT).
Participants will be administered donidalorsen SC for up to 53 weeks. Participants will also be administered donidalorsen in the extended treatment period for an additional 156 weeks, up to week 209.
AIMS: The evidence for joint and independent associations of low muscle mass and low muscle strength with diabetes is limited and mixed. The study aimed to determine the associations of muscle parameters (muscle mass, strength, quality, and sarcopenia) and sarcopenia obesity with diabetes, and the previously unstudied mediating effect of inflammation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 13,420 adults from the 2023 China National Health Survey (CNHS) and 5,380 adults from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in this study. Muscle mass was determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in the CNHS, and whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the NHANES. Muscle strength was assessed using digital hand dynamometer. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of muscle parameters and sarcopenia obesity with diabetes. Inflammatory status was assessed using blood cell counts and two systemic inflammation indices (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and system inflammation response index (SIRI)). Mediation analysis was conducted to examine inflammation's role in these associations.
RESULTS: Low muscle mass and strength were independently related to diabetes. Low muscle quality was associated with elevated diabetes risk. Sarcopenia has a stronger association with diabetes compared to low muscle strength alone or mass alone (CNHS, odds ratio (OR) = 1.93, 95 % confidence interval (CI):1.64-2.27; NHANES, OR = 3.80, 95 %CI:2.58-5.58). Participants with sarcopenia obesity exhibit a higher risk of diabetes than those with obesity or sarcopenia alone (CNHS, OR = 2.21, 95 %CI:1.72-2.84; NHANES, OR = 6.06, 95 %CI:3.64-10.08). Associations between muscle parameters and diabetes were partially mediated by inflammation (mediation proportion: 1.99 %-36.64 %, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Low muscle mass and muscle strength are independently or jointly associated with diabetes, and inflammation might be a potential mechanism underlying this association. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of sarcopenia and obesity could significantly increase diabetes risk.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject food capable of effectively preventing the dissipation of muscular tissue following severe exercise and making a body slime while de-fatting a body and preventing reduction in weight of body, comprising citric acid, malic acid, L-glutamic acid and an active functional peptide. SOLUTION: This food comprises (A) 100 pts.wt. of citric acid, (B) 60-120 pts.wt. of malic acid, (C) 60-120 pts.wt. of L-glutamic acid and (D) 10-3,000 pts.wt. of an active functional peptide having 8-10 amino acid chain length obtained by hydrolyzing a polypeptide by an ordinary method.
The herbicide glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) efficiently eliminates weeds, is frequently present in surface waters, and may damage the health of various non-target organisms. The main objective of this study was to investigate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in erythrocytes, DNA, and chromosomes of native South American fish Astyanax lacustris exposed to a glyphosate-based commercial herbicide Templo®. The presenty study evaluated the presence of micronuclei (MN), chromosomal aberrations (CA), DNA damage revealed by comet assay, and cellular morphological changes (CMC) as biomarkers. The A. lacustris specimens were exposed to Templo® for 96 h at concentrations below the permitted Brazilian legislation for freshwater environments. The glyphosate-based herbicide caused MN formation, an increased incidence of CA, DNA damage, and several types of CMC in all tested concentrations on A. lacustris. Notably, analyses were significant (p<0.05) for all concentrations, except in the frequency mean of MN at 3.7 µg/L. Thus, considering the intensive use of commercial glyphosate formulations in crops, the herbicide Templo® represents a potential risk of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity for aquatic organisms. Therefore, environmental protection agencies must review regulations for glyphosate-based herbicides in freshwater environments.
INTRODUCTION: Children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) are at risk for speech and language delay. Language outcomes are worse in DHH children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, due in part to disparities in access to specialised speech-language therapy. Teletherapy may help improve access to this specialised care and close this language gap. Inclusion of diverse DHH children in prospective randomised clinical trials has been challenging but is necessary to address disparities and pursue hearing health equity. Stakeholder input regarding decisions on study design elements, including comparator groups, masking, assessments and compensation, is necessary to design inclusive studies. We have designed an inclusive, equitable comparativeness effectiveness trial to address disparities in paediatric hearing health. The specific aims of the study are to determine the effect of access to and utilisation of speech-language teletherapy in addressing language disparities in low-income children who are DHH.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: After stakeholder input and pilot data collection, we designed a randomised clinical trial and concurrent longitudinal cohort trial to be conducted at four tertiary children's hospitals in the USA. Participants will include 210 DHH children aged 0-27 months. 140 of these children will be from lower income households, who will be randomised 1:1 to receive usual care versus usual care plus access to supplemental speech-language teletherapy. 70 children from higher income households will be simultaneously recruited as a comparison cohort. Primary outcome measure will be the Preschool Language Scales Auditory Comprehension subscale standard score, with additional speech, language, hearing and quality of life validated measures as secondary outcomes.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the participating sites: the University of California, San Francisco (19-28356), Rady Children's Hospital (804651) and Seattle Children's Hospital (STUDY00003750). Parents of enrolled children will provide written informed consent for their child's participation. Professional and parent stakeholder groups that have been involved throughout the study design will facilitate dissemination and implementation of study findings via publication and through national and regional organisations.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04928209.
This product is for intravenous use only.

Adult Dosage: The recommended adult dose of nelarabine injection is 1,500 mg/m administered intravenously over 2 hours on Days 1, 3, and 5 repeated every 21 days. Administer nelarabine injection undiluted.

Pediatric Dosage: The recommended pediatric dose of nelarabine injection is 650 mg/m administered intravenously over 1 hour daily for 5 consecutive days repeated every 21 days. Administer nelarabine injection undiluted.

The recommended duration of treatment for adult and pediatric patients has not been clearly established. In clinical trials, treatment was generally continued until there was evidence of disease progression, the patient experienced unacceptable toxicity, the patient became a candidate for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), or the patient no longer continued to benefit from treatment.
To seed lethal secondary lesions, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) must survive all rate-limiting factors during hematogenous dissemination, including fluid shear stress (FSS) that poses a grand challenge to their survival. We thus hypothesized that CTCs with the ability to survive FSS in vasculature might hold metastasis-initiating competence. This study reported that FSS of physiologic magnitude selected a small subpopulation of suspended tumor cells in vitro with the traits of metastasis-initiating cells, including stemness, migration/invasion potential, cellular plasticity, and biophysical properties. These shear-selected cells generated local and metastatic tumors at the primary and distal sites efficiently, implicating their metastasis competence. Mechanistically, FSS activated the mechanosensitive protein CXCR4 and the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling, which were essential in shear-mediated selection of metastasis-competent CTCs. In summary, these findings conclude that CTCs with metastasis-initiating competence survive FSS during hematogenous dissemination through CXCR4-PI3K/AKT signaling, which may provide new therapeutic targets for the early prevention of tumor metastasis.
A method for producing the solid nanoparticles comprises the reaction between fatty acids and the active ingredient in the medium of the solvent upon heating. As lipid constituents, the surface lipids from kalanchoe and celandine are used. The active ingredient represents the complex compounds of dirhenium (III) of the formula Re(RCOO)XL(wherein R = CH-, CH-, and -CH-, (CH)C-, CH-, X - Cl, Br, n=2 or 4, when n=2 L - HO, DMSO, DMFA, CHCN). The ratio between lipids and active ingredient is 3-4:1. Chloroform is used as solvent. The solvent is finally vaporized, and the lipid film is obtained.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an activator of heparin cofactor II comprising a specific polymer consisting essentially of a conjugated diene-based monomer unit, capable of being readily synthesized and always having a steady activating activity of the heparin cofactor II. SOLUTION: This activator of heparin cofactor II comprises a conjugated diene-based (co)polymer containing >=4mmol/g, e.g. 5.0-7.5mmol/g sulfo group and/or its salt and having >=1,000, e.g. 2,000-50,000 weight average molecular weight. Moreover, the (co)polymer is obtained, e.g. by polymerizing the conjugated diene and optionally other monomers (e.g. styrene) in the presence of a free radical polymerization initiator such as hydrogen peroxide at 0-130 deg.C and thereafter sulfonating the obtained conjugated diene-based (co)polymer by using only sulfuric anhydride.
The purpose of this study is to determine if tacrolimus can be safely lowered to potentially non-nephrotoxic levels or discontinued completely in favor of Rapamycin 3 months after kidney transplantation. In this study, all patients will be maintained on full-dose (720 mg BID) mycophenolate sodium (Myfortic) to ensure adequate immunosuppression. In addition, we will compare the immunosuppressive regimens of Rapamune/mycophenolate sodium/Prednisone to Low-Dose Prograf/ mycophenolate sodium /Prednisone for their long-term effects on renal function, cardiovascular risk factors, subclinical rejection and chronic allograft fibrosis.

We also plan to examine the clinical benefit of protocol biopsies. The first protocol biopsy would occur at the time of implantation. This would provide an assessment of the state of the donor kidney. The severity of donor disease would provide a baseline to which all subsequent biopsies can be compared. The second protocol biopsy would be performed at the time of tacrolimus withdrawal. Patients found to have subclinical rejection on this biopsy would not undergo tacrolimus withdrawal but may benefit from increased immunosuppression. The protocol biopsy would provide an additional level of safety ensuring that only "low-risk" (histologically) patients undergo tacrolimus withdrawal. A third biopsy would be performed one year after transplantation. Renal allograft tissue would be examined for the presence of progressive fibrosis or persistent subclinical rejection both of which lead to graft failure. The efficacy of tacrolimus withdrawal can be assessed using both clinical and pathologic criteria.

A third aim of this trial is to examine whether changes in immunosuppressive therapy leads to differential expression of immunological markers or serum mediators such as cytokines. Recent studies suggest that, in vitro, thymoglobulin induces the generation of "regulatory" cells. This study will examine the in vivo relevance of this novel observation. In addition, we will measure the circulatory mediators of renal fibrosis to examine if the two treatment arms differ in their effects on such cytokine/growth factors. Blood samples will be collected and the PBMC will be analyzed by FACS for their composition and the presence of cell surface antigens that may reflect a state of immunological regulation or "suppression". Tissue samples will be analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the presence of immunologically relevant cellular subtypes such as CD4/CD25 regulatory T cells. Serum samples will be collected and analyzed for cytokine or growth factor expression.
Previously untreated adult patients outside of the United States with CD20+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or CD20+ follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (FL) Grades 1, 2, or 3a were randomized to receive a standard chemotherapy regimen (CHOP, CVP, or bendamustine) and either RITUXAN HYCELA 1,400 mg/23,400 Units at Cycles 2–4 (after the first cycle with intravenous rituximab) or a rituximab product by intravenous infusion at Cycles 1–4. After the fourth cycle, patients were crossed over to the alternative route of administration for the remaining 4 cycles. After Cycle 8, 477 of 620 patients (77%) reported preferring subcutaneous administration of RITUXAN HYCELA over intravenous rituximab and the most common reason was that administration required less time in the clinic. After Cycle 8, 66 of 620 patients (11%) preferred rituximab intravenous administration and the most common reason was that it felt more comfortable during administration. Forty eight of 620 patients (7.7%) had no preference for the route of administration. Twenty nine subjects of 620 (4.7%) received Cycle 8 but did not complete the preference questionnaire.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare a tape for beauty capable of allowing an active ingredient to be uniformly applied to skin and further allowing the acting range and degree to be regulated by forming a chemical peeling material or a skin-whitening agent into the specific tape. SOLUTION: This tape for beauty is obtained by coating an adhesive mixed with a chemical peeling agent or a skin-whitening agent for acting on an affected part of skin, on a base fabric. The base fabric having fine holes or cancellous holes, e.g. circular or square holes is preferably used. The depth and degree of skin corrosion is regulated by controlling the concentration of an active ingredient mixed with an adhesive, plastering time, and largeness and density of the holes, because the active ingredient more slowly penetrates and more topically and uniformly acts in the case of the tape compared to the case of the application of an water-soluble preparation to the skin. Further, a same effect as that of a hermetically sealed bandage remedy is expected even by using a low concentration of the added medicine because the tape wraps the affected part of the skin as a tape.