anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Acetaminophen and codeine phosphate tablets should be prescribed with caution in certain special risk patients, such as the elderly or debilitated, and those with severe impairment of renal or hepatic function, head injuries, elevated intracranial pressure, acute abdominal conditions, hypothyroidism, urethral stricture, Addison's disease, or prostatic hypertrophy.

Ultra-rapid Metabolizers of Codeine - Some individuals may be ultra-rapid metabolizers due to a specific CYP2D6*2x2 genotype. These individuals convert codeine into its active metabolite, morphine, more rapidly and completely than other people. This rapid conversion results in higher than expected serum morphine levels. Even at labeled dosage regiments, individuals who are ultra-rapid metabolizers may experience overdose symptoms such as extreme sleepiness, confusion or shallow breathing.

The prevalence of this CYP2D6 phenotype varies widely and has been estimated at 0.5 to 1% in Chinese and Japanese, 0.5 to 1% in Hispanics, 1 to 10% in Caucasians, 3% in African Americans, and 16 to 28% in North Africans, Ethiopians and Arabs. Data is not available for other ethnic groups.

When physicians prescribe codeine-containing drugs, they should choose the lowest effective dose for the shortest period of time and should inform their patients about these risks and the signs of morphine overdose (see PRECAUTIONS, Nursing Mothers).
BACKGROUND: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of various Shigella serogroups isolated from patients with acute diarrhea of the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Kolkata from 2011-2019.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: During the study period, Shigella isolates were tested for their serogroups, antibiotic resistance pattern and virulence gene profiles. A total of 5.8% of Shigella spp. were isolated, among which S. flexneri (76.1%) was the highest, followed by S. sonnei (18.7%), S. boydii (3.4%), and S. dysenteriae (1.8%). Antimicrobial resistance against nalidixic acid was higher in almost all the Shigella isolates, while the resistance to β-lactamases, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol diverged. The occurrence of multidrug resistance was found to be linked with various genes encoding drug-resistance, multiple mutations in the topoisomerase genes, and mobile genetic elements. All the isolates were positive for the invasion plasmid antigen H gene (ipaH). Dendrogram analysis of the plasmid and pulsed-field electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles revealed 70-80% clonal similarity among each Shigella serotype.
CONCLUSION: This comprehensive long-term surveillance report highlights the clonal diversity of clinical Shigella strains circulating in Kolkata, India, and shows alarming resistance trends towards recommended antibiotics. The elucidation of this study's outcome is helpful not only in identifying emerging antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella spp. but also in developing treatment guidelines appropriate for this region.
Hereditary hearing loss (HHL), a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function, significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society. To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes, appropriate animal models are necessary. Pigs have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical research. In this review, we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy, inner ear morphology, and electrophysiological characteristics, as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing loss. Additionally, we discuss the prospects, challenges, and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL research. Overall, this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the most frequent glomerular disease in children, with an incidence of 1.15-16.9 per 100,000 children. Children present with the disease at a median age of 2-3 years, and it is twice as common in boys. More than 90% of children who present with NS respond to corticosteroid treatment, and current practice is to treat most patients empirically with prednisone. However, after initial successful treatment, around 80% of children with steroid sensitive NS have disease relapses requiring further courses of prednisone. About 50% of patients develop frequent relapsing or steroid dependent. Further, the long-term use of corticosteroids is associated with numerous side effects, like obesity, diabetes and hypertension.

Traditional Chinese medicine plays a unique role in the enhancement of immune function and kidney function. Huaiqihuang granule is composed of Trametes robiniophila Murr, Fructus Lycii, and Polygonatum sibiricum. It has been used for the treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) in China. Previous studies showed Huaiqihuang granule combined with corticosteroids could significantly decrease relapse and infection rates of PNS and were well tolerated by children. This non-inferiority study aims to compare the efficacy of Prednisone combined with Huaiqihuang Granule against Prednisone combined with Levamisole in the treatment of PNS in children.

In this study, about 20 research centers will participate. A total of 402 participants will be divided into two groups (the intervention group and control group) at a ratio of 1:1. The intervention group will receive Prednisone, Huaiqihuang granule and Levamisole placebo, and the control group will receive Prednisone, Levamisole and Huaiqihuang granule placebo. The planned length of patient recruitment enrolment will be 2 years and the total length of visits be 6 months. After enrollment, participants will be followed up until the end of the study (6 months), second relapse, develop as steroid-resistant, lost to follow-up, withdrawal from the study for any reason, or die, whichever occurs first.
Subjects receive a 3-day treatment with testosterone in combination with ethanol placebo (lemon-flavoured water). Subjects have to collect urine in different fractions until 48h post-administration. Blood and saliva samples are also obtained.
The recommended initial dose of univasc ® in patients not receiving diuretics is 7.5 mg, one hour prior to meals, once daily. Dosage should be adjusted according to blood pressure response. The antihypertensive effect of univasc ® may diminish towards the end of the dosing interval. Blood pressure should, therefore, be measured just prior to dosing to determine whether satisfactory blood pressure control is obtained. If control is not adequate, increased dose or divided dosing can be tried. The recommended dose range is 7.5 to 30 mg daily, administered in one or two divided doses one hour before meals. Total daily doses above 60 mg a day have not been studied in hypertensive patients. 

In patients who are currently being treated with a diuretic, symptomatic hypotension may occasionally occur following the initial dose of univasc ®. The diuretic should, if possible, be discontinued for 2 to 3 days before therapy with univasc ® is begun, to reduce the likelihood of hypotension (see WARNINGS). If the patient's blood pressure is not controlled with univasc ® alone, diuretic therapy may then be reinstituted. If diuretic therapy cannot be discontinued, an initial dose of 3.75 mg of univasc ® should be used with medical supervision until blood pressure has stabilized (see WARNINGS  and PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions).
Enhanced Usual Care Arm: This group will receive 2 face-to-face sessions with a health educator for dietary and health counseling in addition to an initial physician-patient visit. Educational materials that a patient might receive at his/her physician's office will also be provided at the initial health educator visit and monthly thereafter. This condition is called "Enhanced Standard Care" because it is, in fact, more than most obese adolescents currently receive in primary care offices in San Diego.
The present invention relates to a vaccine comprising a polypeptide with antigenic determinants capable of raising neutralizing antibodies against a pathogen. The polypeptide may be functionally associated with a surface membrane of a recombinant, stable, continuous cell line capable of its production.    Alternatively the polypeptide is formed first in functional association with a surface membrane of a recombinant, stable, continuous cell line capable of its production and then dissolved free from the membrane. The polypeptide may also be a truncated membrane-free derivative of a membrane-bound polypeptide.      The derivative is formed by omission of a membrane-binding domain from the polypeptide allowing it to be secreted from a recombinant host cell system in which it has been produced.      In particular the present invention provides for vaccines which are useful against HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 viruses thereby providing protective vaccines against occurrence of herpes infection and a reduction in frequency and severity of herpes infection recurrence in individuals already infected.
Hyperphosphatemia develops in the majority of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is responsible for severe complications such as mineral bone disease, and has a role in worsening the cardiovascular mortality of dialyzed patients. Therefore, a close control of serum phosphorus remains a cornerstone in the clinical management of dialyzed patients to improve their long term prognosis. There are multiple sources of phosphorus in the diet that could be the target of such a dietary intervention but, because of important differences in bioavailability, they are not all equally relevant in influencing phosphatemia. Among them animal proteins that have a bioavailability of about 60% represent an important target for phosphate-lowering nutritional interventions. However, lowering the protein content of the diet in hemodialysis (HD) patients may be dangerous because it may increase the the risk of malnutrition hence worsening their prognosis. In the present study we intend to explore an alternative strategy to lower the intake of phosphate with animal proteins by replacing the meat or fish included in two meals a week with egg white that is reach of proteins but has virtually no phosphate.
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for frequency selective irradiation of biological materials and particularly tissues, cells and/or cell components of living organisms, in particular of human and animals, by irradiating a component element of the target material at the corresponding Mößbauer absorption frequency. The component radiation absorption at the M6Bbauer absorption frequency is thus enhanced many times over the absorption of the surrounding material having a different Mößbauer absorption frequency. The energy thusly absorbed by the target material component is converted to and remitted as Auger electrons, which provide intranuclear radiation resulting in lethal double strand breaks in the DNA molecules of the target. The irradiation is carried out in frequency and material selective modes, and may be combined with conventional chemotherapeutic agents to provide a further enhanced treatment modality. Moreover, the source frequency can be adjusted to enhance the killing effect. The method and apparatus according to the present invention are useful in combination with naturally occurring or administered pharmaceutical stable isotope absorbers, having significantly reduced side effects as compared with conventional chemotherapy or radiation therapy. 
     The method and apparatus according to the invention can be applied for selective radiation therapy providing selective tissue damage or necrosis, in particular for cancer therapy, and for differentiating between diseased and normal tissues.
This project is a multi-center prospective cohort study evaluating postoperative complication rates, quality of life outcomes, and nasal function after interpolated flap repair of post-Mohs surgical defects of the nose. Our primary outcome is the incidence of short-term complications(within 4 weeks of surgery) defined by the American College of Mohs Surgery as: death, bleeding requiring additional intervention, functional loss attributable to surgery, hospitalization for an operative complication, and surgical site infection. Secondary outcomes will include incidence of flap necrosis and evaluation of quality of life at 1, 4 and 16 weeks after repair. Quality of life will be investigated using the Skin Cancer Index (SCI)- a skin cancer specific quality of life instrument and the Nasal Appearance and Functional Evaluation Questionnaire (NAFEQ). Previous literature has demonstrated that Mohs surgery in the outpatient setting has a very low complication rate but this literature is generally limited to single-institution studies or studies examining smaller repairs. Furthermore, it has been proven that receiving a skin cancer diagnosis is stressful and patient satisfaction with skin cancer surgery is related to their appearance and scarring or changes in appearance can decrease quality of life. Our study serves to fill the current literature knowledge gaps by examining repair of large defects and looking at both complications and quality of life outcomes. Data collection will begin pre-operatively on patients 18 and older who require an interpolated flap repair of a post-Mohs surgical defect. These patients will then be followed and asked to complete SCI and NAFEQ surveys as well as complication questionnaires at prescribed intervals. All data will be stored via a secure RedCap database.
Room temperature irrigation fluids will be used routinely for Group 1. Patients will be operated in the same operating room and at the same room temperature with the same type/amount of covering and body warming. At the start of the surgical procedure, a probe inserted into the rectal mucosa will measure the patient's body temperature every 15 minutes. In addition, the temperature of the patients will be measured from their temporal regions with a contactless thermometer, whose batteries will be changed every two operations.
Participants will receive biweekly deliveries of 20 lbs (\~50 servings) of fresh produce (8-10 different kinds of produce) plus the same standard nutrition education materials provided to the control group consisting of nutrition education infographics inside of the produce prescription boxes as well as online videos, recipes, and nutrition tips accessed via Quick Response (QR) code. Additionally, participants will be given access to a smartphone app that allows women to interact with an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot to obtain real-time cooking suggestions.
Patients receive bosutinib PO daily on days 1-28. Cycles repeat every 28 days for up to 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Novel capped oligonucleotides useful in treatment of influenza infection. A synthetically derived 67-nucleotide RNA substrate, containing a   32  P! labeled cap-1 structure was used to analyze parameters of influenza virus endonuclease activity. This substrate was specifically cleaved by the influenza virus polymerase to yield a single capped 11-nucleotide fragment capable of directly priming transcription. An analysis of systematic truncations of this RNA substrate in cleavage, elongation, and binding reactions demonstrated that the minimum chain length required for cleavage was one nucleotide past the cleavage site. In contrast, the minimum chain length required for priming activity was found to be 9 nucleotides, while a chain length of at least 4 nucleotides was required for efficient binding. Based on these chain length requirements, the present inventors show that a pool of capped oligonucleotides--too short to prime transcription but long enough to bind with high affinity to the viral polymerase--are potent inhibitors of cap-dependent in vitro transcription.
In this randomized controlled trial, participants were assigned to three groups by the block randomization method and the study was conducted in a single-blind parallel groups design. It was carried out at Martyr Zafer Çalışkan Family Health Center between January 2023 and July 2023. The eligibility of female participants between the ages of 30-65 to participate in the study was evaluated by the researcher. The sample size was calculated based on the rate of cervical cancer screening test in Kurt and Akyüz's study. G Power 3.1.9.2 package program was used in the calculation. Taking into account possible data loss, it was decided to add 30% backup participants. In this context, the sample of the study was calculated as 126 participants, 42 in each group. The patients who volunteered to participate in the study were examined whether they met the inclusion criteria other than the level of drug compliance. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants who met the inclusion criteria and a questionnaire form was applied. Participants were assigned to groups using the block randomization method. No intervention was made in the control group. At the end of the following first week, face-to-face and online training was provided with the participants in the online training group, one-to-one home visits, face-to-face training and video calls. Four weeks later, a brief reminder was made by phone call. At the end of eight weeks, a second questionnaire was applied to all groups.
Polymyalgia rheumatica is one of the most common inflammatory rheumatic conditions in older adults. The disease is characterized by pain and stiffness in the shoulder and pelvic girdle. Polymyalgia rheumatica is almost always observed in adults over the age of 50. The current article aimed to provide explanations for the age preference of polymyalgia rheumatica by reviewing the literature regarding disease etiology and pathogenesis. Potential factors related to the association between polymyalgia rheumatica and aging include immunosenescence/inflammaging, increased risk of infections by aging, endocrinosenescence, and age-related changes in gut microbiota. These factors and their potential contributions to immune-mediated inflammation will be discussed.
The invention relates to a compound micro-capsule and a preparation method thereof. The compound micro-capsule comprises inner capsules and an outer capsule. The compound micro-capsule mainly comprises any of sodium alginate, calcium chloride, barium chloride, chitosan, poly left lysine and sodium citrate. The compound micro-capsule can be used to capsulate chemicals, traditional Chinese medicine, biological medicine, biological cells or tissues. Each inner capsule is prepared by a high voltage electrostatic method. The outer capsule is coated outside the multiple inner capsules by dropping preparation. The preparation method is simple. By the compound micro-capsule, slow release of the medicine is achieved. The compound micro-capsule is also applicable to in vitro culture and in vivo transplantation of the biological cells or tissues.
The present invention relates to a stem cell spheroid-sheet complex and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the stem cell spheroid-sheet complex comprises: a step (A) of preparing a temperature-sensitive hydrogel; a step (B) of culturing a stem cell with a single cell form in a three-dimensional culture dish to prepare a stem cell spheroid; a step (C) of dividing the stem cell spheroid in the hydrogel to culture the stem cell spheroid; and a step (D) of cooling the surface of the hydrogel to separate the stem cell spheroid that has been cultured on the surface of the hydrogel in the form of a sheet. More specifically, the stem cell spheroid-sheet complex of the present invention can treat the lesion by expressing the bioactive factors which are not separated but remain to be required in tissue regeneration when bioactive factors are applied to a lesion exposed to the outside. The stem cell spheroid-sheet complex improves tissue regeneration capability of stem cells by having a high expression ratio of the bioactive factors and has an advantage of a significant ulcer treatment effect accordingly. Further, the preparation method of the present invention can minimize loss of the stem cells according to injection of the stem cells by injecting the temperature-sensitive hydrogel under a conventional lesion tissue with a needle. Therefore, the present invention is expected to be used as a new concept cell treatment technology for inducing regeneration of various damaged tissues of Pharyngeal fistula, tracheostenosis, cornea deficit, skin deficit, stomach ulcer, oral ulcer or the like, and treating the lesions exposed to the outside.
A pharmaceutical composition having choleretic and cholagogue activity comprises 3,4-methylenedioxycinnamic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a carrier.  The preparations may be in the form of tablets, syrups or injectable solutions.  A tablet contains 100 to 500 mg. of the active ingredient, a syrup 0.5 to 5% of the active ingredient and an injectable solution 0.5 to 1.0 g. of the active ingredient per dosage unit.  Preferably the preparations contain Vitamin B12 but other vitamins such as Vitamin PP and folic acid may be present. The syrup may be made with sorbitol.  A further optional ingredient is liver extract.
For acute ischemic stroke, the current treatment strategy involves timely recanalization by intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Patients receiving EVT are more likely to achieve successful revascularization and long--term functional independence compared with those receiving standard medical treatment.1 In patients receiving EVT, significant predictors of a favorable functional outcome include minor initial stroke severity, successful recanalization, and shorter onset--to--treatment time. However, unfavorable outcomes can occur even after early successful recanalization in some cases.Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1 and TREM-2) are a familyof receptors involved in the immune system expressed on a variety of innate cells of the myeloid lineage, including microglia. sTREM, which reflects microglia activation, has been reported closely associated with neuronal injury and neuroinflammation. We enrolled adult patients with stroke who received EVT, with blood sampling immediately before (T1) and after EVT (T2), and at 24 hours after EVT (T3). Non--stroke controls and patients with non--EVT stroke were also enrolled. The plasma concentration of sTREM1 and sTREM2 were analyzed by ELISA. The medical information, image findings and levels of plasma sTREM1 and sTREM2 were analyzed to clarify the association with poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale 4-6) at 3 months after stroke.
Endometriosis is a highly prevalent disease that affects 10%-15% of women of reproductive age worldwide and is mainly associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. With the widespread use of imaging for the diagnosis and monitoring of endometriosis, combined with the ability of surgery to eradicate the disease and address infertility, there has been a significant increase in recent years in imaging examinations for postoperative evaluation of endometriosis. US and MRI are used not only to help diagnose and map endometriosis but also to evaluate refractory symptoms, residual lesions, and complications at posttreatment assessment. Knowledge of surgical techniques and recognition of expected postoperative imaging findings are crucial to differentiate postoperative changes from residual disease and/or recurrence. The authors discuss imaging aspects of postoperative endometriosis, with an emphasis on the imaging approach, comprehension of surgical techniques, recognition of the expected findings, possible complications, and analysis of residual disease or recurrence. ©RSNA, 2024 Test Your Knowledge questions for this article are available in the supplemental material. See the invited commentary by VanBuren in this issue. The slide presentation from the RSNA Annual Meeting is available for this article.