anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVES: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) can be treated successfully in most cases. However, recurrences are common. We aimed to prospectively investigate demographic and clinical risk factors for BPPV recurrence. Our second aim was to investigate whether seasonality affects recurrences.
METHODS: We recruited adult Dutch patients presenting at our dizziness clinic with a diagnosis of definite or possible BPPV for a prospective observational study with 1-year follow-up. Factors collected from patient history and questionnaires were age, sex, ethnicity, previous treatment for BPPV, duration of BPPV symptoms, number of treatment sessions for the initial BPPV episode, the affected canal, recent head trauma, and a history of vestibular neuritis, Menière's disease, (vestibular) migraine, gout, diabetes mellitus, and chronic renal failure. Factors derived from blood samples were uric acid, glycated hemoglobin, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
RESULTS: We included 139 subjects with a mean age of 65 (SD, 13) years, of whom 70% was female. A total of 48 subjects (34.5%) suffered from at least one recurrence during the 1-year follow-up. Independent risk factors for recurrence of BPPV were "multiple treatment sessions for the initial BPPV episode" (incidence rate ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.85; p = 0.027) and history of gout (incidence rate ratio, 1.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-3.57; p = 0.045).
CONCLUSION: One-third of patients presenting in a tertiary dizziness clinic develop at least one recurrence of BPPV within 1 year. Multiple treatment sessions and a history of gout are independent risk factors for recurrence.
Concomitant Strong CYP3A4 inducers: The use of concomitant strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease dasatinib plasma concentrations and should be avoided (eg, dexamethasone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin, rifabutin, phenobarbital). St. John’s Wort may decrease dasatinib plasma concentrations unpredictably and should be avoided. If patients must be coadministered a strong CYP3A4 inducer, based on pharmacokinetic studies, a SPRYCEL dose increase should be considered. If the dose of SPRYCEL is increased, the patient should be monitored carefully for toxicity [see Drug Interactions (7.2)]. 

Concomitant Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors: CYP3A4 inhibitors (eg, ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin, atazanavir, indinavir, nefazodone, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, telithromycin, and voriconazole) may increase dasatinib plasma concentrations. Grapefruit juice may also increase plasma concentrations of dasatinib and should be avoided. 

Selection of an alternate concomitant medication with no or minimal enzyme inhibition potential, if possible, is recommended. If SPRYCEL must be administered with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, a dose decrease should be considered. Based on pharmacokinetic studies, a dose decrease to 20 mg daily should be considered for patients taking SPRYCEL 100 mg daily. For patients taking SPRYCEL 140 mg daily, a dose decrease to 40 mg daily should be considered. These reduced doses of SPRYCEL are predicted to adjust the area under the curve (AUC) to the range observed without CYP3A4 inhibitors. However, there are no clinical data with these dose adjustments in patients receiving strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. If SPRYCEL is not tolerated after dose reduction, either the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor must be discontinued, or SPRYCEL should be stopped until treatment with the inhibitor has ceased. When the strong inhibitor is discontinued, a washout period of approximately 1 week should be allowed before the SPRYCEL dose is increased. [See Drug Interactions (7.1).]
INTRODUCTION: Stunting is common among children in many low and middle income countries, particularly in rural and urban slum settings. Few studies have described child stunting transitions and the associated factors in urban slum settlements. We describe transitions between stunting states and associated factors among children living in Nairobi slum settlements.
METHODS: This study used data collected between 2010 and 2014 from the Nairobi Urban and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) and a vaccination study nested within the surveillance system. A subset of 692 children aged 0 to 3 years, with complete anthropometric data, and household socio-demographic data was used for the analysis. Height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) was used to define stunting: normal (HAZ ≥ 1), marginally stunted (-2 ≤ HAZ < -1), moderately stunted (-3 ≤ HAZ < -2), and severely stunted (HAZ < -3). Transitions from one stunting level to another and in the reverse direction were computed. The associations between explanatory factors and the transitions between four child stunting states were modeled using a continuous-time multi-state model.
RESULTS: We observed that 48%, 39%, 41%, and 52% of children remained in the normal, marginally stunted, moderately stunted, and severely stunted states, respectively. About 29% transitioned from normal to marginally stunted state, 15% to the moderately stunted state, and 8% to the severely stunted state. Also, 8%, 12%, and 29% back transitioned from severely stunted, moderately stunted, and marginally stunted states, to the normal state, respectively. The shared common factors associated with all transitions to a more severe state include: male gender, ethnicity (only for mild and severe transition states), child's age, and household food insecurity. In Korogocho, children whose parents were married and those whose mothers had attained primary or post-primary education were associated with a transition from a mild state into a moderately stunted state. Children who were breastfed exclusively were less likely to transition from moderate to severe stunting state.
CONCLUSION: These findings reveal a high burden of stunting and transitions in urban slums. Context-specific interventions targeting the groups of children identified by the socio-demographic factors are needed. Improving food security and exclusive breastfeeding could potentially reduce stunting in the slums.
ZOMIG is contraindicated in patients with ischemic or vasospastic coronary artery disease (CAD). There have been rare reports of serious cardiac adverse reactions, including acute myocardial infarction, occurring within a few hours following administration of ZOMIG. Some of these reactions occurred in patients without known CAD. 5-HT1 agonists including ZOMIG may cause coronary artery vasospasm (Prinzmetal’s Angina), even in patients without a history of CAD.

Perform a cardiovascular evaluation in triptan-naïve patients who have multiple cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., increased age, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, obesity, strong family history of CAD) prior to receiving ZOMIG. Do not administer ZOMIG if there is evidence of CAD or coronary artery vasospasm [see Contraindications (4)]. For patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors who have a negative cardiovascular evaluation, consider administrating the first ZOMIG dose in a medically-supervised setting and performing an electrocardiogram (ECG) immediately following ZOMIG administration. For such patients, consider periodic cardiovascular evaluation in intermittent long-term users of ZOMIG.
This study will test the efficacy of Medifast Plus for Diabetics compared to a standard American Diabetes Association (ADA) weight loss treatment program using whole foods in 80 participants (randomized into 2 groups of 40) during an active weight loss and weight maintenance program lasting 68-86 weeks. The study data collection will occur in two phases, active weight loss (phase 1) and weight maintenance (phase 2). Transition into phase 2 will be individually timed by participant attainment of a goal 'healthy' weight following a minimum of 16 weeks, or week 34, whichever comes first. A dietitian will prescribe an individualized weight loss and weight maintenance calorie levels for participants based on the Harris Benedict equation (RMR x AF x Deficit; RMR=resting metabolic rate, AF=activity factor). All participants will have a goal 'healthy' weight determined at baseline by a combination of personal participant goals, Harris Benedict equation predictions, body composition goals, and BMI range, but in no case will participants be prescribed a goal weight that would result in an BMI of less than 24. For the weight loss phase, participants will be randomly assigned to one of 2 groups, Medifast Plus for Diabetics or standard ADA weight loss treatment program. Both groups will attend educational lessons every other week during weight loss, and once every four weeks during the maintenance phase. Data collection visits will occur when goal weight is reached, at week 26 of maintenance, and week 52 of maintenance. During the weight loss phase, group 1 will receive 5 Medifast Plus for Diabetics supplements and one small meal to consume every day. As participants reach their goal weights, they will be re-randomize according to weight loss success and gender categories into two different maintenance plans. One maintenance group will first receive 26 weeks of Medifast Plus for Diabetics maintenance diet, still receiving 5 supplements/day but with a larger portion of calories coming from whole foods, followed by 26 weeks of a purely food-based maintenance diet (the same as the control group, where participants will choose all foods and receive no supplements). The second group will be a reversal of the order of maintenance diets (first the food-based maintenance for 26 weeks, and then the Medifast Plus for Diabetics maintenance for 26 weeks). The control group will remain on a food-based, no supplement maintenance diet for the entire 52-week maintenance period. Participants will be encouraged to report any adverse events or changes in medications at any time during the study
The present invention relates to a novel regulatory T cell protein. This protein, designated PD-L3 OR VISTA resembles members of the PD-L1 family, identified a novel and structurally-distinct, Ig-superfamily inhibitory ligand, whose extracellular domain bears homology to the B7 family ligand PD-L1. This molecule is designated as PD-L3 OR VISTA or V-domain Immunoglobulin Suppressor of T cell Activation (VISTA). Expression of VISTA is primarily within the hematopoietic compartment and is highly regulated on myeloid APCs and T cells. Therapeutic intervention of the VISTA inhibitory pathway represents a novel approach to modulate T cell-mediated immunity for the treatment of a wide variety of cancers, e.g., ovarian, bladder cancer and melanomas. Also, VISTA proteins, especially multimeric VISTA proteins and antibodies may be used to suppress T cell immunity in autoimmune disease, allergy, infection and inflammatory conditions, e.g. multiple sclerosis and artritic conditions such as RA.
Presepsin is the 13-kDa soluble N-terminal fragment of the 55-kDa cluster of differentiation (CD) marker protein CD14, which is the receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein complexes. CD14 is a glycoprotein expressed mostly on the membrane surface of macrophages, monocytes and granulocytes which is released and degraded during inflammation after the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP), thus probably resulting in earlier elevation of plasma presepsin (PSEP) levels than the conventional sepsis biomarkers (C-reactive protein, procalcitonin). There is a growing body of evidence indicating increasing PSEP levels as kidney function decreases (e.g. during chronic kidney disease or sepsis-related AKI). Gelsolin (GSN) is a multifunctional protein existing in three different isoforms. Secreted or plasma GSN (MW = 83 kDa) is an essential component of the so-called extracellular actin scavenger system, therefore, decreasing serum GSN levels were reported in various clinical conditions (e.g. severe sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), extensive trauma, acute liver failure, myocardial infarction). As albumin levels also tend to decrease in severe catabolic conditions, the simultaneous measurement of PSEP and GSN could prove to be useful regarding the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis and sepsis-related organ dysfunction. Therefore, a new potential marker was investigated: the presepsin:gelsolin (PSEP:GSN) ratio. The main focuses of this study were analyzing the time course of PSEP:GSN ratio in non-septic and septic patients, while also investigating its diagnostic and prognostic utility in various sepsis-related organ dysfunctions in contrast to the conventional sepsis markers and clinical prognostic scores.
24hr Holter examination is a non-invasive tool in detecting and diagnosing cardiac arrhythmia. Moreover, Heart rate variability has been proven to been an important prognostic factor in many cardiovascular diseases. The traditional linear analysis of heart rate variability proved to predict clinical outcome in myocardial infarction patients. The more delicate non-linear analysis in heart rate variability is one of the hot topics in the world.

Despite some biochemical values like WBC counts, platelet counts, BUN, creatinine, lactate, clinical vital parameters like blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygenation have been used to predict clinical outcome in chronic renal disease(CKD) patients, the application is still limited. It is an international interest to find a more safe and simple technique to identify important prognostic factors in CKD patients. Our project aimed to recruit these CKD patients from our hospital and conduct a cross-sectional study. Cardiac ultrasonography and 24hrs Holter will be arranged. Linear and non-linear analysis of heart rate variability will be performed and serum marker that influence prognosis like WBC count, platelet count, lactate, BUN, creatinine, fibrosis marker and adiponectin will be checked. Short term and long term outcome was followed and identify important prognostic factors to improve and detect clinical prognosis.
Subjects who received 2 doses of HZ vaccine in the intermediate dose study group in study 108494 (NCT00434577). No treatment was given in this current study (NCT01295320).
Despite impressive results in laboratory settings, there has been a significant lag in the community adoption and sustainability of family interventions for early-onset mood and psychotic disorders. Our objective is to determine the optimal methods of training and monitoring the delivery of an evidence-based family-focused treatment (FFT) in community providers who treat young patients (ages 13-25) with bipolar disorder (BD), psychosis, or "high-risk" conditions. FFT is administered in 12 sessions of psychoeducation, communication training, and problem-solving skills training. There are six randomized controlled trials indicating that, among adults or adolescents with BD, bipolar spectrum, or psychosis-risk disorders, FFT and pharmacotherapy are associated with more rapid stabilization of symptoms, delayed recurrences, enhanced functioning, better medication adherence, and improvements in family interaction relative to comparison treatments over 1-2 years. Using a community partnered participatory approach, we will engage diverse stakeholders (clinicians, administrators, caregivers) at three community sites (Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, San Fernando Mental Health Center, Didi Hirsch Mental Health Center) that treat early-onset, lower socioeconomic status, urban, and racially and ethnically diverse bipolar and psychosis patients. We will partner with these 3 community sites to randomly assign 30 clinicians to low intensity (web-based training plus low intensity supervision) or high intensity training (live workshop and higher intensity supervision, i.e., weekly individual supervision with fidelity feedback). Clinicians will administer FFT to up to 120 patients (ages 13-25) with recent-onset mania, psychosis or high-risk conditions. We expect that 20 clinicians will complete the treatment with 80 patients. Dependent variables will be empirically-derived fidelity component scores over time as measured by supervisors and clinicians. We hypothesize that after training, clinicians in both the high and low intensity groups will attain minimum levels of fidelity required for certification in the four components. However, clinicians in high intensity training will sustain higher levels of fidelity across subsequent treatment cases, and will be more satisfied and more likely to adopt the FFT model. This study will facilitate the translation of an evidence-based intervention and identify effective treatment components to inform larger-scale dissemination of FFT in community settings.
This will be a single-centre, open-label, single-dose study to characterise the metabolic disposition of oral \[14C\]GW642444. Six healthy male subjects will be enrolled to ensure at least four fully evaluable subjects. Each subject will receive a single 200μg oral dose of GW642444 containing 2 μCi (0.074MBq) of \[14C\]GW642444. Whilst subjects are inhouse, blood, urine and faecal samples will be collected for a minimum of 168 hours after dosing (7 days) or for up to 240 hours (10 days) depending on amounts of radioactivity still being excreted after Day 5. Faecal sample collection may continue at home for up to 14 days. Bile samples will be collected using Entero-Test string sampling of duodenal bile. Plasma will be prepared from blood at various sample times after dosing to measure parent drug and total radiolabelled drug-related material. Urine and faeces aliquots will be taken to measure total radiolabelled drug-related material. Samples of urine, faeces, plasma and bile will be transferred into a separate study to characterise and, where feasible, quantify metabolites in these matrices. Safety and tolerability will be assessed by blood pressure, heart rate, 12- lead electrocardiogram (ECG), clinical laboratory safety tests, and collection of adverse events (AEs).
SCOPE: A study is conducted to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of cocoa and polyphenol-rich cocoa fractions in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of acute colonic inflammation.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Male C57BL/6J mice are treated with dietary cocoa powder, an extractable cocoa polyphenol fraction, or a non-extractable cocoa polyphenol fraction for 2 weeks prior to treatment with 2.5% DSS in the drinking water for 7 days to induce colonic inflammation. Cocoa treatment continues during the DSS period. Cocoa and/or cocoa fractions exacerbate DSS-induced weight loss and fail to mitigate DSS-induced colon shortening but do improve splenomegaly. Cocoa/cocoa fraction treatment fails to mitigate DSS-induced mRNA and protein markers of inflammation. Principal component analysis shows overlap between cocoa or cocoa fraction-treated mice and DSS-induced controls, but separation from mice not treated with DSS.
CONCLUSION: The results suggest cocoa and cocoa polyphenols may not be useful in mitigating acute colonic inflammation.
Aim: This study reassesses the efficacy and safety of antidepressants in treating nonspecific chronic low back pain (NCLBP).Materials & methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, including randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO and Cochrane CENTRAL, published through August 2024. Studies compared antidepressants with placebo or active comparators. The primary outcomes were pain relief and quality of life. Protocol registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero identifier is CRD42023307516.Results: Nine RCTs involving 1758 patients were analyzed. The antidepressants examined included duloxetine, escitalopram, bupropion, amitriptyline, imipramine and desipramine. Duloxetine 60 mg significantly reduced pain (MD = -0.57; 95% CI = -0.78 to -0.36) and improved quality of life compared with placebo, with side effects that were generally tolerable. Notably, higher doses of duloxetine (120 mg) were associated with an increase in adverse events. However, other antidepressants like amitriptyline and escitalopram demonstrated only modest or inconsistent effects.Conclusion: Duloxetine at 60 mg provides consistent pain relief and improves the quality of life in NCLBP, but higher doses increase adverse events. Escitalopram might offer modest benefits but should be considered a third-line treatment. Other antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, bupropion, imipramine and desipramine, have limited evidence supporting their efficacy and are associated with adverse effects.
Early detection of response to spinal cord injury (SCI) therapeutic intervention programs is vital, as it will enable early termination of intervention in non-responding patients, prevent unnecessary financial burden, and allow for early changes of the programs. In this project, the investigators propose that resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) can be used to detect early brain functional network changes that occur during intervention, and that the changes will be predictive of recovery in chronic SCI patients. The long-term goal of this study is to establish rsfMRI as a new imaging biomarker that is predictive of progress towards recovery in response to therapy. International Standard of Neurological Classification for Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) scoring system is the most widely used clinical classification system of SCI that describes neurological injury level and degree of functional preservation. It is also used to monitor the progress and response to interventions such as functional electrical stimulation (FES) therapy. However, monitoring responses using ISNSCI is challenging, because its ability to describe the degree of functional loss is limited. Therefore, there is a need in the field of SCI for a biomarker that is more sensitive to changes in function. The investigators will recruit 2 groups of 24 chronic SCI patients. In one group, the investigators will characterize the baseline time profile of rsfMRI outcome measures acquired during a 4-weeks passive cycling program, where movement is driven only by the cycle's motor (no electric stimulation). RsfMRI data of the patients acquired at weeks 0, 2, and 4 will be used perform functional parcellation of the sensorimotor cortex using independent component analysis (ICA) and spectral clustering analysis (SCA) approaches. BNC will be calculated between pairs of sensory and motor brain parcels. Sensory and motor ISNCSCI scores will also be measured at weeks 0, 2, and 4. The investigators will then test the hypothesis that the investigators will observe stable baseline measures of sensory and motor cortex BNC and ISNCSCI scores of the patients during the 4-week passive cycling program, with minimal to no change in values. In the second group, the investigators will characterize the time profile of the cortical reorganization in chronic SCI patients that occurs during the four-week FES cycling. Specifically, the investigators predict that the investigators will observe early functional network changes in the sensorimotor cortex of SCI patients (measured using BNC) at week 2 of the four-week FES cycling program, which will be predictive of changes in ISNSCI scores (neurological outcomes) at week 4. Finally, the longitudinal intra-subject reproducibility of the two parcellation methods will be investigated. If successful, the study will: 1) provide a new and effective clinical tool to study plastic cortical changes that occur after SCI, 2) provide a new non-invasive imaging biomarker that is predictive of progress towards recovery in response to therapy, and 3) extend our knowledge about the functional reorganization that takes place during and after therapeutic intervention.