anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
### Unscheduled Bleeding and Spotting

Females using LEVORA 0.15/30-28 may experience unscheduled (breakthrough or intracyclic) bleeding and spotting, especially during the first three months of use. Bleeding irregularities may resolve over time or by changing to a different contraceptive product. If bleeding persists or occurs after previously regular cycles, evaluate for causes such as pregnancy or malignancy.

In two clinical trials of LEVORA (1084 subjects reporting for a total of 8186 treatment cycles and 238 subjects reporting for a total of 1102 treatment cycles), breakthrough bleeding occurred in 6.9% and 8.1% of reported cycles, and spotting occurred in 8.6% and 7.9% of reported cycles over the total study duration, respectively. In the two trials, intermenstrual bleeding (i.e., breakthrough bleeding and/or spotting) occurred in 13.1% and 12.9% of reported cycles over the total study duration, respectively. In one trial, 33 subjects out of 1084 (3.0%) discontinued due to bleeding irregularities (i.e., breakthrough bleeding and spotting); in the other trial, 6 subjects out of 238 (2.5%) discontinued due to bleeding irregularities.

### Amenorrhea and Oligomenorrhea

Females who use LEVORA 0.15/30-28 may experience absence of scheduled (withdrawal) bleeding, even if they are not pregnant. In two clinical trials of LEVORA, one including 8186 reported treatment cycles, and the other including 1102 reported treatment cycles, amenorrhea occurred in 1.5% of treatment cycles in each trial.

If scheduled bleeding does not occur, consider the possibility of pregnancy. If the patient has not adhered to the prescribed dosing schedule (missed one or two active tablets or started taking them on a day later than she should have), consider the possibility of pregnancy at the time of the first missed period and perform appropriate diagnostic measures. If the patient has adhered to the prescribed dosing schedule and misses two consecutive periods, rule out pregnancy.

After discontinuation of a COC, amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea may occur, especially if these conditions were pre-existent.
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause is a common, under-reported, and undertreated chronic progressive condition requiring long-term treatment. Hypoestrogenism in the urogenital tissues is associated with bothersome dyspareunia, vulvovaginal symptoms, overactive bladder, and frequent urinary tract infections. Vaginal hormone therapies, including vaginal estrogen and intravaginal dehydroepiandrostenedione, are safe and effective and improve symptoms and clinical findings. Systemic hormone therapy treats vulvovaginal atrophy less effectively than vaginal hormone therapies with increased stress and urge urinary incontinence. Oral ospemifene effectively treats vaginal dryness and dyspareunia. Clinicians need to ask about symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, confirm the diagnosis, and suggest appropriate treatment options.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a screening questionnaire, based on historical criteria, in distinguishing between seizures and syncope in patients experiencing their first episode of transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) in a neurology emergency department.
METHODS: A prospective cohort of 159 patients with initial TLOC episodes underwent clinical observation and answered a nine-question screening questionnaire. The questionnaire's predictive ability was compared to final diagnoses determined through detailed neurology, electrophysiology, and cardiology assessments during a minimum 12-month follow-up. Logistic regression (LR) analysis was performed with final diagnosis as the outcome variable. The calibration and discrimination of the models were assessed.
RESULTS: revealed that the screening score accurately classified 72.33% of patients. Among those with positive screening scores, 65 (67.71%) had seizures compared to 31 (32.29%) with syncope. Introducing a novel risk-scoring model incorporating age and gender, in addition to the screening score, significantly improved performance achieving an accurate classification rate of 81.48%. Among patients with a positive prediction, 63 (80.77%) had seizure, whereas 15 (19.23%) had syncope.
CONCLUSIONS: Employing a structured questionnaire based on common historical criteria is a valuable tool for distinguishing between seizure and syncope in the dynamic setting of the emergency department.
A method of creating a low-powered approximation of one or more completed sets of data is provided. A lower resolution is sampled, at a predetermined interval distribution, of one or more of sensors: accelerometer, electrodermal activity sensor, photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensor; impedance sensor, gyroscopic sensor, and/or a radio sensor. A combined uncertainty from the sensors is determined. Error change in a predicting a signal is estimated. The predetermined interval distribution is modified based upon the combined uncertainty and using phase-locked loops at one or more targeted frequencies, which are adjusted in real-time. The sampling of the sensors is modified, in real time based on the estimated error change, to be one of random, sparse, and/or high resolution.
Pregabalin is given orally with or without food.   
When discontinuing pregabalin, taper gradually over a minimum of 1 week. [see Warnings and Precautions (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.)].   
Because pregabalin is eliminated primarily by renal excretion, adjust the dose in adult patients with reduced renal function [see Dosage and Administration (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.) ].
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) represents a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality associated with various clinical conditions, including acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and organ transplantation. During ischemia, a profound hypoxic insult develops, resulting in cellular dysfunction and tissue damage. Paradoxically, reperfusion can exacerbate this injury through the generation of reactive oxygen species and the induction of inflammatory cascades. The extensive clinical sequelae of IRI necessitate the development of therapeutic strategies to mitigate its deleterious effects. This has become a cornerstone of ongoing research efforts in both basic and translational science. This review examines the use of molecular hydrogen for IRI in different organs and explores the underlying mechanisms of its action. Molecular hydrogen is a selective antioxidant with anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and signal-modulatory properties. It has been shown to be effective at mitigating IRI in different models, including heart failure, cerebral stroke, transplantation, and surgical interventions. Hydrogen reduces IRI via different mechanisms, like the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation, the enhancement of ATP production, decreasing calcium overload, regulating cell death, etc. Further research is still needed to integrate the use of molecular hydrogen into clinical practice.
The presently disclosed subject matter provides ligands for detecting and imaging cancer cells and tumors, and for guided delivery of an active agent to cancer cells and tumors. In some embodiments the ligands comprise an antibody fragment, wherein the antibody fragment comprises a VHH domain. In some embodiments a composition is provided for targeting of cancer cells or tumors. Also provided are methods for delivery of a composition to a target tissue or tumor in a subject. Also provided are methods for imaging a target tissue or tumor in a subject. In some embodiments methods for treating a tumor in a subject are provided. Also provided are methods for diagnosing a tumor in a subject.
The present invention pertains to the field of medicine and mainly to the treatment of disorders of the locomotive apparatus such as osteochondrosis, radiculitis, radiculo-neuritis, arthritis and osteoarthritis. This invention relates to a restorative and regenerative preparation that comprises a biologically active component based on an animal poison, a solvent, an emulsifier, a preservative as well as allowed ballasting impurities. The poison consists of venom essentially originating from the common adder (vipera berus berus). The method for preparing this restorative and regenerative preparation involves preparing the starting components, binding them using the solvent, the emulsifier and the preservative, and purifying and testing the finished product. The lyophilisation and the crystallisation of the common adder venom are carried out in industrial premises at a temperature T1 within a range of 1.9 ≤ (zT1+T2)/T2 ≤ 2.1 (temperature in K), in which z is an experimentally derived coefficient selected according to the season when venom is collected and to the humidity content thereof and lies within a range of 0.28 ≤ z ≤ 1.6. This invention also relates to a method for the therapeutical use of this restorative and regenerative preparation.
IMPORTANCE: Plasma cell orificial mucositis (PCOM) associated with cocaine use is an emerging, rare condition that has become a concern in Spain in recent years. Limited knowledge exists regarding this novel condition.
OBJECTIVES: To delineate the clinicopathologic characteristics of this emerging entity and establish a novel approach in the differential diagnosis of cocaine-associated lesions.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A descriptive, retrospective, multicenter case series of 10 patients diagnosed with cocaine-associated PCOM was conducted in Spain from April 2020 to March 2023.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Patient demographic, clinical, histopathologic, and treatment data were collected.
RESULTS: A total of 10 patients (6 [60%] male; median [range] age, 45.5 [36-66] years) presenting with exudative ulcerated plaques were identified for this study. The lesions had raised and erythematous edges over the nostril and a median (range) evolution time of 9 (2-24) months. Septal or palate perforations were observed in 4 (40%) of the patients. Biopsies revealed a dense inflammatory infiltrate of plasma cells in the dermis without atypia and with eosinophils. All patients reported recent cocaine use. Three urine tests detected cocaine but found no presence of amphetamines or opiates. Six patients improved with corticosteroid therapy. Up to 60% of patients were lost to follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This case series describes the clinicopathologic characteristics of PCOM, an emerging entity associated with cocaine use in Spain, and demonstrates a novel approach in the differential diagnosis of cocaine-associated lesions. To date, cocaine-associated skin lesions have been reported as neutrophilic dermatoses and vasculitis. The appearance of a plasma cell infiltrate changes what has been described in the medical literature so far. PCOM is a benign condition of unknown cause characterized by a proliferative polyclonal plasma cell infiltrate. A comprehensive differential diagnosis workup is required to reach this exclusionary diagnosis. Several irritants have been documented in cases of PCOM, and a hypersensitivity mechanism has been proposed. Since the initial report of cocaine-associated PCOM in Spain, its incidence has experienced a surge in the country. The cause of this phenomenon may be attributed to newly unidentified adulterants. The administration of corticosteroids and discontinuation of cocaine use are the sole treatments that have demonstrated efficacy. Clinicians should be vigilant regarding this emerging condition and conduct inquiries into cocaine use. Additional research is required to clarify the pathophysiology of this emerging condition.
The present invention relates to a composition for improvement of inflammatory diseases, containing an alopecurus aequalis Sobol. extract as an active component. A result of an inflammatory disease related study using the alopecurus aequalis Sobol. extract shows that by the alopecurus aequalis Sobol. extract (active concentration 100-200 μg/ml) suppressing NF-κB transcription activity in RAW 264.7 cells, transcription of iNOS induced by LPS and COX-2 protein and TNF-α which is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and IL-6 is effectively inhibited. Therefore, the alopecurus aequalis Sobol. extract can be an important fundamental material for action mechanism studies of inflammatory reaction via macrophage, and effectively used for prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases in the future.
Hypersensitivity reactions including rash, urticaria, pruritus, chills, chest and throat tightness, lip and throat swelling, and hypotension were reported in 27 (4.5%) of 606 healthy subjects during or after the administration of raxibacumab in clinical trials. Two subjects experienced anaphylaxis during the raxibacumab infusion [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Some subjects with hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis required interruption or discontinuation of the raxibacumab infusion as well as additional appropriate treatment that included steroids, diphenhydramine, H2 blockers, and/or intravenous fluids [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Due to the risk of anaphylaxis, administer raxibacumab injection in monitored settings where appropriate equipment, medication (including epinephrine) and personnel trained to manage hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis, and shock are available. Monitor patients closely during the infusion and for a period of time after administration. If hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis occur, interrupt or stop the raxibacumab infusion immediately and treat appropriately.

Premedicate with diphenhydramine within 1 hour prior to administering raxibacumab to reduce the risk of occurrence and/or severity of a hypersensitivity reaction [see Dosage and Administration (2.1), Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Diphenhydramine premedication does not prevent anaphylaxis and may mask or delay the onset of symptoms of hypersensitivity.
In a new procedure for comminuting tissue parts to give a ready-to-use, deep-frozen, fresh cell prepn., shock-frozen tissue parts are mechanically comminuted while in the deep-frozen state. In one suitable procedure, the whole body (after removal of unsuitable parts), mammalian foetuses or eggs are shock frozen and then comminuted. The comminuted material may be divided into individual doses which are filled into ampoules and deep frozen until required. Alternatively, the comminuted material may be mixed with a physiological soln. with a low freezing pt. and then filled into ampoules. Prodn. of fresh cell prepns. for therapeutic use. Carrying out the comminution on frozen material after shock freezing gives a prod. which retains its effectiveness even after prolonged storage in the deep-frozen state.
A total of 70 patients with LDH were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (IG) or the control group (CG). Patients in IG received different back and hip strengthening exercises five days a week for six weeks. The patients in CG were treated with Naproxen (500 mg) and Baclofen (10 mg) tablet twice a day for three weeks, followed by hot moist compression for the next three weeks. In addition, the patients in both groups were instructed to follow the ADLIs during the intervention and at least 3 months after the intervention.

The straight leg raising (SLR) test and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score were used to evaluate the patients' pain intensity. Outcomes were measured at baseline, at three weeks, and six weeks of the intervention. Patients were followed up after 3 months of the intervention.
Participants will be recommended the intervention by a healthcare professional and be provided low-intensity guidance (e.g., email or brief phone contact \[5 to 10 minutes\] after Lesson 1 and 2, and then on an as-needed basis or patient request). Clinicians at the primary care sites participating in the study will be able to recommend the adapted program to their patients, will remain responsible for their patients and, will check their dashboard to see how their patients are progressing through the program. In the event of severe distress (i.e., K10 score ≥30) in a patient, the referring healthcare professional will receive an automated email informing them to go to their dashboard to identify that patient and assess the appropriate action to take. Participants will also receive an automated email with a list of resources and emergency contact numbers.
After a woman is determined eligible and signs the informed consent document, she will receive a placebo (of same shape and size of mifepristone) and advised to swallow the pill when they arrive at home. 24 hours after administration of the mifepristone, women will administer the four tablets of 200 mcg misoprostol sublingually.
The invention discloses a chickenpox-resistant traditional Chinese medicine composite and a preparation method and application thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine composite is prepared from, by weight, 25-35 parts of geranium wilfordii, 1-4 parts of viscum album and 22-28 parts of periploca sepium. The preparation method comprises the steps of adding geranium wilfordii, viscum album and periploca sepium into water with mass 10-13 times total mass of the raw materials, boiling the mixture with strong fire, then turning the strong fire to slow fire, conducting decoction for two to three hours, and obtaining the chickenpox-resistant traditional Chinese medicine composite. Medicine ingredients in the chickenpox-resistant traditional Chinese medicine composite are dialectically compatible and supplement one another in function, synergism is achieved, and the composite has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispelling wind, eliminating stagnation, cooling the blood and dissolving purpura and is used for treating chickenpox. Natural traditional Chinese medicine raw materials are adopted as the ingredients in the composite, and the medicament is safe and reliable. The composite is easy and convenient to prepare, wide in medicinal resource and low in cost. The composite needs to be decocted with water before being taken. Clinical application verifies that the composite is definite in curative effect, quick in effectiveness production, high in cure rate and free of side effect, the total effective rate is over 95%, and the cure rate reaches over 80%.
Systems (100) and methods (700, 800, 900) for target area recommendation and guidance during radioablation treatment planning are disclosed. In some examples, a computing device (104) receives image data (103) from one or more modalities for a patient. The computing device (104) determines a recommended target area for treatment based on the image data (103), and determines one or more corresponding segments of a segment model based on the recommended target area. Further, the computing device (104) displays the segment model identifying the determined one or more segments, and receives input data modifying the determined one or more segments. Based on the input data, the computing device (104) updates the one or more segments, and generates target definition data characterizing the updated one or more segments. The computing device (104) transmits the target definition data for treating the patient.
Adolescents (12 to 17 years of age) received valbenazine 20 mg once daily for 4 weeks. At the end of Week 4, investigators could escalate the dose to 40 mg or continue with the participant's current dose for the remainder of the treatment period.
INTRODUCTION: Overactive bladder (OAB) can adversely affect health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) and adherence to treatments; however, the extent of their association is unknown. This study sought to characterize Sleep Disturbance, Depression, Fatigue, and patient-reported medication adherence among adults with OAB in the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this descriptive, observational study, patients completed patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures of urinary symptoms, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep quality, and medication adherence. PRO scores were compared across age, sex, body mass index, and sleep and antidepressant medication-taking subgroups. Exploratory analyses compared PRO scores between groups and estimated the effect size of differences.
RESULTS: Of 1013 patients contacted, 159 completed the assessments (female: 67.3%; ≥65 years of age: 53.5%; most severe OAB symptom: nocturia). Scale scores for Sleep Disturbance, Fatigue, and Depression were consistent with US population norms. No correlations of moderate or greater magnitude were observed between the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms and Sleep Disturbance, Fatigue, or Depression. When comparing individuals receiving antidepressants with those who were not, almost all outcomes including urinary symptoms, anxiety, and depression were significantly worse. Patients taking antidepressants also had poorer adherence to their OAB medications.
CONCLUSION: In this cohort of individuals with OAB, Sleep Disturbance, Fatigue, and Depression scores were in line with general population reference values; however, among the subgroups analyzed, patients on antidepressants had worse HRQoL and more substantial impacts on medication adherence, highlighting the importance of the assessment and management of depression in this population.
An increased prevalence of vascular calcification (VC) has been reported in kidney stone formers (KSFs), along with an elevated cardiovascular risk. The aim of the current study is to assess whether VC in these patients develops at a younger age and is influenced by stone composition. This single-center, matched case-control study included KSFs with uric acid or calcium oxalate stones (diagnosed based on stone analysis) and age- and sex-matched controls without a history of nephrolithiasis. The prevalence and severity of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were compared between KSFs and non-KSFs. In total, 335 patients were investigated: 134 with calcium oxalate stones, 67 with uric acid stones, and 134 controls. Overall, the prevalence of AAC was significantly higher among calcium stone formers than among the controls (67.9% vs. 47%, p = 0.002). In patients under 60 years of age, those with calcium oxalate stones exhibited both a significantly elevated AAC prevalence (61.9% vs. 31.3%, p = 0.016) and severity (94.8 ± 15.4 vs. 30.3 ± 15.95, p = 0.001) compared to the controls. Within the age group of 40-49, osteoporosis was identified only in the KSFs. Multivariate analysis identified age, smoking, and the presence of calcium stones as independent predictors of AAC. This study highlights that VC and osteoporosis occur in KSFs at a younger age than in non-stone-formers, suggesting potential premature VC. Its pathogenesis is intriguing and needs to be elucidated. Early evaluation and intervention may be crucial for mitigating the cardiovascular risk in this population.