anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
1\. Mode of Action. Nora-BE progestin-only oral contraceptives prevent conception by suppressing ovulation in approximately half of users, thickening the cervical mucus to inhibit sperm penetration, lowering the mid-cycle LH and FSH peaks, slowing the movement of the ovum through the fallopian tubes, and altering the endometrium. 

2\. Pharmacokinetics.  
Absorption: Norethindrone is rapidly absorbed with maximum plasma concentrations occurring within 1 to 2 hours after Nora-BE administration (see Table 1). Norethindrone appears to be completely absorbed following oral administration; however, it is subject to first pass metabolism resulting in an absolute bioavailability of approximately 65%.

Figure 1: Mean ± SD Norethindrone Plasma Concentrations Following Nora-BE Administration.

Peak plasma concentrations occur approximately 1 hour after administration (mean Tmax 1.2 hours). The mean (SD) Cmax was 4816.8 (1532.6) pg/mL and generally occurred within 1 hour (mean) of tablet administration, ranging from 0.5 to 2 hours. The mean (SD) Cavg was 885 (250) pg/mL, however, the mean concentration at 24 hrs was 130 (47) pg/mL.

Table 1 provides summary statistics of the pharmacokinetic parameters associated with single dose Nora-BE administration.

Table 1: Mean ± SD Pharmacokinetic Parameters Following Single Dose Administration of Nora-BE in 12 Healthy Female Subjects Under Fasting Conditions

The food effect on the rate and extent of norethindrone absorption after Nora-BE administration has not been evaluated.

Distribution: Following oral administration, norethindrone is 36% bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and 61% bound to albumin. Volume of distribution of norethindrone is approximately 4 L/kg.

Metabolism: Norethindrone undergoes extensive biotransformation, primarily via reduction, followed by sulfate and glucuronide conjugation; less than 5% of a norethindrone dose is excreted unchanged; greater than 50% and 20-40% of a dose is excreted in urine and feces, respectively. The majority of metabolites in the circulation are sulfate, with glucuronides accounting for most of the urinary metabolites.

Excretion: Plasma clearance rate for norethindrone has been estimated to be approximately 600 L/day. Norethindrone is excreted in both urine and feces, primarily as metabolites. The mean terminal elimination half-life of norethindrone following single dose administration of Nora-BE is approximately 8 hours.
The cosmetic cotton pad for cleaning and peeling of skin, includes a fiber layer (2) having thermally-solidified synthetic fibers and a particle-free abrasive binder (7) connected with the fiber layer to one of its exterior surface (3, 4) that exhibits a subzone with the abrasive binder and a further subzone free of the abrasive binder. The abrasive binder is arranged along a circular, waveline-shaped, triangular, scale-shaped, straight, intersecting lines, courses, a logo, a special label and/or ornamentation. The cosmetic cotton pad for cleaning and peeling of skin, includes a fiber layer (2) having thermally-solidified synthetic fibers and a particle-free abrasive binder (7) connected with the fiber layer to one of its exterior surface (3, 4) that exhibits a subzone with the abrasive binder and a further subzone free of the abrasive binder. The abrasive binder is arranged along a circular, waveline-shaped, triangular, scale-shaped, straight, intersecting lines, courses, a logo, a special label and/or ornamentation, is applied by pressure- and/or spray- and/or foam application process and is structured at the surface. The abrasive binder exhibits a color that is different from that of the fiber layer. The abrasive binder is applied as an aqueous emulsion or dispensation of polymer droplets or particles. The abrasive binder contains peeling bodies and/or active substances. The abrasive binder penetrates into the entire depth of the fiber layer and into the superficially-lying regions of the fiber layer. The cotton pad exhibits a weight per unit area of 220-250 g/m 2>. The abrasive binder exhibits a weight per unit area of 5-10 g/m 2> and covers 10-30% of the exterior surface.
PURPOSE:To provide the titled vaccine using attenuated virus, by separating canine parvovirus from a dog, and carrying out the subculture and proliferation of the virus using the primary or established cell originated from feline kidney. CONSTITUTION:Canine parvovirus separated from a dog exhibiting grave symptom is subcultured at 30-32 deg.C using primary or established cell originated from feline kidney, primary or estabilished cell originated from canine kideny, or primary cell of mink kidney or lung to obtain live vaccine for the infectious diseases with canine parvovirus. The virus is an attenuated virus which can be proliferated rapidly at 32 deg.C and can not be proliferated at 40 deg.C. Although the clinical symptoms, viremia, excretion from feces, and home infection are not found in the above vaccine produced from the virus when the vaccine is inoculated to a dog by intramuscular or subcutaneous inoculation, however, excellent immunity can be imparted by inoculation. A mixed live vaccine obtained by adding attenuated virus of e.g. canine distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, etc. to the above vaccine is also a safe vaccine giving high immunity.
* Do NOT take EOHILIA with food or liquid at the time of ingestion. Wait for at least 30 minutes to eat or drink after taking EOHILIA. 
  * Administer EOHILIA as follows: 
    1. Do NOT mix EOHILIA with food or liquid. 
    2. Shake the EOHILIA packet for at least 10 seconds prior to opening.
    3. Squeeze the packet from the bottom to the top directly into the mouth. Repeat 2 to 3 times until the EOHILIA packet is empty.
    4. Swallow all the EOHILIA suspension.
    5. Do not eat or drink for 30 minutes after taking EOHILIA. After 30 minutes, rinse mouth with water and spit out the contents without swallowing [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
  * Avoid consumption of grapefruit juice for the duration of therapy with EOHILIA [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
Eribulin: 1.4mg/m\^2 day1、8，repeated every 3 week. Sintilimab: 500mg once every three weeks.
Part 2 of the trial will utilise an investigator-blind, sponsor open, placebo-controlled, randomised, repeated treatment study design. It will involve 12 subjects. Each subjects will receive one of three possible doses of SL-liraglutide (to be decided by the Safety Monitoring Committee following analysis of the results from Part 1), SL-placebo or SC liraglutide in a randomised order with MMTT separated by 1 week washout between doses.
Patients undergo standard face-to-face follow up visits at 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery. Patients also undergo a physical activity assessment over 15 minutes.
Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression has been reported with the use of opioids, even when used as recommended. Respiratory depression, if not immediately recognized and treated, may lead to respiratory arrest and death. Management of respiratory depression may include close observation, supportive measures, and use of opioid antagonists, depending on the patient's clinical status [see Overdosage (10)]. Carbon dioxide (CO2) retention from opioid-induced respiratory depression can exacerbate the sedating effects of opioids.

While serious, life-threatening or fatal respiratory depression can occur at any time during the use of BELBUCA, the risk is greatest during initiation of therapy or following a dosage increase. Monitor patients closely for respiratory depression when initiating therapy with BELBUCA and following dosage increases.

To reduce the risk of respiratory depression, proper dosing and titration of BELBUCA are essential [see Dosage and Administration (2)]. Overestimating the dose of BELBUCA when converting patients from another opioid product may result in fatal overdose with the first dose.

Accidental exposure to BELBUCA, especially in children, can result in respiratory depression and death due to an overdose of buprenorphine.

Opioids can cause sleep-related breathing disorders including central sleep apnea (CSA) and sleep-related hypoxemia. Opioid use increases the risk of CSA in a dose-dependent fashion. In patients who present with CSA, consider decreasing the opioid dosage using best practices for opioid taper [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].
Serious allergic reactions, including angioedema, anaphylaxis, and dermatologic reactions including Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported rarely in patients on azithromycin therapy. Although rare, fatalities have been reported (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). Despite initially successful symptomatic treatment of the allergic symptoms, when symptomatic therapy was discontinued, the allergic symptoms recurred soon thereafter in some patients without further azithromycin exposure. These patients required prolonged periods of observation and symptomatic treatment. The relationship of these episodes to the long tissue half-life of azithromycin and subsequent prolonged exposure to antigen is unknown at present.

If an allergic reaction occurs, the drug should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted. Physicians should be aware that reappearance of the allergic symptoms may occur when symptomatic therapy is discontinued.

In the treatment of pneumonia, azithromycin has only been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy. Azithromycin should not be used in patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of the following: patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with nosocomially acquired infections, patients with known or suspected bacteremia, patients requiring hospitalization, elderly or debilitated patients, or patients with significant underlying health problems that may compromise their ability to respond to their illness (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia).

Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including azithromycin, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.

C. difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibiotic use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents.

If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibiotic use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibiotic treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.
Group B patients will undergo standard tumor preoperative imaging and 2HG spectroscopy scan prior to surgical resection. Group A patients will undergo standard intraoperative imaging along with 2HG spectroscopy scan during surgical resection.
For treatment of joints, the usual intra-articular injection technique should be followed. If an excessive amount of synovial fluid is present in the joint, some, but not all, should be aspirated to aid in the relief of pain and to prevent undue dilution of the steroid. 

With intra-articular administration, prior use of a local anesthetic may often be desirable. Care should be taken with this kind of injection, particularly in the deltoid region, to avoid injecting the suspension into the tissues surrounding the site, since this may lead to tissue atrophy. 

In treating acute nonspecific tenosynovitis, care should be taken to ensure that the injection of the corticosteroid is made into the tendon sheath rather than the tendon substance. Epicondylitis may be treated by infiltrating the preparation into the area of greatest tenderness.
Phase I completed: Healthy male and post-menopausal female volunteers between the ages of 18 and 65. Volunteers must not have donated blood in the previous 8 weeks.
Active life improving health: all participants that will be assigned to change behavior group will participate of a change behavior program, entitled VAMOS (Active Life Improving Health), for five months. The VAMOS Program is a lifestyle promotion program, that includes physical activity and healthy eating habits. The program is composed by 12 meetings (six weekly meetings and six fortnightly meetings), in group, lasting about 90 min. In each In each weekly meeting, will be discussed guidelines and strategies for physical activities practices in different domains and for adoption of a healthy diet. All aspects and strategies included in the program are based in behavior changes theories.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

The following table summarizes the adverse reactions observed in two placebo-controlled clinical trials.

In a randomized, cross-over study in sixty PBC patients, seven patients (11.6%) reported nine adverse reactions: abdominal pain and asthenia (1 patient), nausea (3 patients), dyspepsia (2 patients) and anorexia and esophagitis (1 patient each). One patient on the twice a day regimen (total dose 1000 mg) withdrew due to nausea. All of these nine adverse reactions except esophagitis were observed with the twice a day regimen at a total daily dose of 1000 mg or greater. However, an adverse reaction may occur at any dose.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the number of registered data in each directory so as to shorten a retrieving time by storing information in different directories according to its usage or field and determining the substance after pretreatment, in which x-ray spectrum of a sample is analyzed for finding its composition and concentration. SOLUTION: In an analyzer, selection between an automatic qualification method and a spectrum matching method is carried out for finding a composition. In the automatic qualification method, quantitative calculation is performed by a standardless method, a peak separation method, or an overlap factor method. In the spectrum matching method, spectrum data for matching provided with a desirable quantitative condition in addition to a qualitative result are retained in a file, and from these data, a composition and the quantitative condition are accessed for quantitative calculation. In the matching method, a matching file name is also accessed so as to be used as the data for substance determination.  From the sample composition and concentration and the matching file name found from these results, substance determination is carried out on the basis of the determination condition, and the corresponding substance name is accessed.
Participants were randomized to receive an arm. In this arm, participants received Thai massage without any oil for 1 hour/day, 1 day/week for 12 weeks. Massage was performed at Burapha University by an expert.
This disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for monitoring a remote system. In one arrangement, a plurality of measurement data units are obtained. Each measurement data unit represents a time series of measurements made by a sensor system at the remote system. A first trained machine learning model is used to identify a subset of the measurement data units that have a higher average probability of corresponding to an abnormal state of the remote system than the other measurement data units. Data representing the identified measurement data units is sent over a communications network to a central data processing system. An abnormal state of the remote system is detected by using a second trained machine learning model at the central data processing system to process the data representing the identified measurement data units.
Concern over biological augmentations used in bone healing has grown in recent years. One of the essential demands in sinus lifting procedure is to speed up the bone formation and enhance the quality of the formed bone in the space created after sinus elevation. Since more than 100 years medical grade ozone has been used as one of the non-medication methods of treatment. E. A. Fisch in the 1930's was the first dentist to use ozone therapy in his practice to aid in disinfection and wound healing. Current ozone uses a mixture of ozone gel and pure oxygen, with today's medical ozone generators which regulate the flow of medical grade O2 through high voltage tubes which is capable of producing pure ozone-oxygen mixtures in precise dosages.

Nevertheless, there is not enough evidence to support the use of ozone in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Ozone therapy has a therapeutic effect that promotes blood and growth factor supply, aids in wound healing, and may improve bone regeneration . However up till now, no studies were conducted to assess the impact of using ozone gel on bone formation in case maxillary sinus elevation.
The number of obese people around the world has been increasing rapidly. It has been estimated that over 10% of the world's adult population are obese. Obesity is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, stroke, osteoarthritis, and certain types of cancer. These deleterious conditions are detrimental to individuals' quality of life, and places emotional and financial burden on the individual, their families, and society as a whole. Much more needs to be done to improve treatments for obesity.

Current methods to treat obesity include dietary intervention, lifestyle intervention, drug intervention, or bariatric surgery. Among these, acupuncture, in a comprehensive program for weight loss, has been increasing in popularity. However, previous systematic reviews assessing the effects of acupuncture on obesity discovered promising but inconclusive results. The low quality methodology used in those trials further reduced the strength of those conclusions. In addition, the lack of safety procedures used in traditional manual acupuncture could lead to adverse events such as retroperitoneal abscess, rapid dermal spread of breast cancer, pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, viral hepatitis, and granuloma.

In comparison with traditional manual acupuncture, laser acupuncture therapy has several advantages. These advantages include ease of application, precision in dose measurement, painlessness, and non-invasiveness. It is a quick and safe therapy with low cost and no risk of infection. As laser acupuncture does not produce local sensation, double blind randomized controlled studies are also much easier to perform.

Laser acupuncture has been widely used in medical fields for over 30 years. Clinical research on the efficacy of laser acupuncture has also increased. Several studies have showed that laser acupuncture could be an effective treatment of obesity. Low-level laser therapy as a non-invasive approach for body contouring and spot fat reduction has also been reported. However, there are several experimental limitations that have to be considered. For instance, absence of placebo (sham) control, combination with low-calorie diet, and lack of sufficient comparative parameters have been questioned . For these reasons, investigators decided to conduct a patient-assessor-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled crossover pilot trial to investigate the effects of laser acupuncture with Gallium Aluminum Arsenide (GaAlAs) laser irradiation on weight loss, fat reduction, body contouring, and quality of life in people suffering from obesity.
Diet counseling and group education lessons. Subjects follow a calorie-reduction diet for a weight loss of ≥10%.
To assess whether biomarkers of systemic inflammation are associated with HIV acquisition or with the timing of ART initiation ("immediate", at diagnosis, versus "deferred", at 24 weeks post-diagnosis) in men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and transgender women, we conducted a retrospective study comparing inflammatory biomarkers in participants' specimens collected before infection and after ≥2 years of effective ART. We measured biomarkers in four longitudinally collected plasma, including two specimens collected from each participant before and two after HIV acquisition and confirmed ART-suppression. Biomarkers were quantified by enzyme-linked immuno-assay or Meso Scale Discovery. When evaluating systematic variation in these markers over time, we found that multiple biomarkers consistently varied across participants' two pre-infection or two post-ART-suppression specimens. Additionally, we compared changes in biomarkers after vs before HIV acquisition. Across 47 participants, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon gamma-induced protein-10 significantly increased while leptin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) significantly decreased following HIV infection. Randomization to deferred-ART initiation was associated with greater increases in CRP and no decrease in LBP. Acquisition of HIV appeared to induce systemic inflammation, with elevation of biomarkers previously associated with infections and cardiovascular disease. Initiation of ART during the early weeks of infection tempered the increase in pro-inflammatory biomarkers compared to delaying ART for ~24 weeks after HIV diagnosis. These findings provide insight into potential mediators by which immediate-ART initiation improves health outcomes, perhaps because immediate-ART limits the size of the HIV reservoir or limits immune dysregulation that in turn trigger systemic inflammation.
PURPOSE: To prepare a therapeutic medicine for androgenic diseases in skin such as common acne by using ethisterone, nor-ethisterone, etc. CONSTITUTION: Ethisterone, nor-ethisterone and/or its 17-carboxylic acid ester are used for producing a medicine for treating androgenic diseases in skin. The amount of the ethisterone per unit area (1cm<2> ) of the skin is usually about 0.001-1mg/cm<2> , especially about 0.01-0.1mg/cm<2> . The pharmaceutical preparation in the dose is usually daily applied in one to three divided portions. The ethisterone is dissolved in a usual prescription for local administration and applied as, e.g. an emulsion, a cream or a lotion to a lesion.
Adolescent/family dyads randomized to the experimental condition receive Family Centered Advance Care Planning for Teens with Cancer (FACE-TC) intervention - 3 sessions scheduled one week apart of approximately 60 minutes duration each. Session 1 - Lyon Advance Care Planning Survey-Adolescent \& Surrogate versions. Session 2 - Respecting Choices Interview facilitated by trained/certified facilitator with adolescent and family. Focuses on patient's understanding of their illness, possible complications, goals of care and treatment preferences in 3 bad outcome situations; and the Session 3 - Five Wishes an advance directive.