anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Exposure to air pollutants and other environmental factors increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is growing evidence that adverse outcomes related to air pollution disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minorities. The objective of this paper is to explore the importance of race as a risk factor for air pollution-related poor pregnancy outcomes.
METHODS: Studies investigating the effects of exposure to air pollution on pregnancy outcomes by race were reviewed. A manual search was conducted to identify missing studies. Studies that did not compare pregnancy outcomes among two or more racial groups were excluded. Pregnancy outcomes included preterm births, small for gestational age, low birth weight, and stillbirths.
RESULTS: A total of 124 articles explored race and air pollution as risk factors for poor pregnancy outcome. Thirteen percent of these (n=16) specifically compared pregnancy outcomes among two or more racial groups. Findings across all reviewed articles showed more adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, and stillbirths) related to exposure to air pollution among Blacks and Hispanics than among non-Hispanic Whites.
CONCLUSION: Evidence support our general understanding of the impact of air pollution on birth outcomes and, specifically, of disparities in exposure to air pollution and birth outcomes for infants born to Black and Hispanic mothers. The factors driving these disparities are multifactorial, mostly social, and economic factors. Reducing or eliminating these disparities require interventions at individual, community, state, and national level.
Traditional physical therapy The group B was treated with conventional therapy. Conventional treatment protocol passive ROM and stretching passive ROM for 15 minutes and stretching for 15 minutes. Treatment duration for both groups will be 30 minutes. Each subject received total 30 sessions of the treatment, with 5 treatment sessions per week for 6 weeks. Post treatment reading were collected after end of 6th weeks.
BACKGROUND: Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis (IMP) is a rare gastrointestinal disease with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. IMP occurring in a patient with liver cirrhosis is more scarcely reported than independent IMP. In this study, we reported a case of IMP occurring in a patient with liver cirrhosis, so as to provide a reference for understanding liver cirrhosis with IMP.
METHOD: A 63-year-old man with liver cirrhosis was admitted in the hospital's department of infectious disease because of fatigue and constipation for 1 month. The patient had an irregular medical history of antivirus drug and Chinese herbal medicine intake because of the hepatitis B virus infection. No other abnormalities were found in the functions of the liver, coagulation, renal, or complete blood count. Fecal occult blood tests were all positive in 5 detections. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed liver cirrhosis and showed thickening of the wall of the right hemicolon and multiple calcifications of the mesenteric veins. Mesenteric vein computed tomography venography displayed diffuse colon mural thickening of the right colon and tortuous linear calcification line in the right colic veins. Colonoscopy revealed a purple-blue, swollen, rough, and vanished vascular texture mucosa. He was finically diagnosed as liver cirrhosis with IMP by a series of examinations during hospitalization.
RESULTS: His symptoms of fatigue and constipation subsided after conservative treatment and withdraw from Chinese herbal medicine. The patient experienced no obvious discomfort during the follow-up period.
CONCLUSION: A comprehensive medical diagnosis is necessary for the discovery of IMP, especially IMP with liver cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis maybe play a key role in the development of IMP. The regulatory mechanism of liver cirrhosis contributing to IMP needs to be further studied based on more clinical cases.
1. Each gram of Topex 20% benzocaine gel or liquid contains between 180-220mg benzocaine in a flavored base.
  2. Using a new cotton applicator, apply a small amount of gel to the mucosa to achieve topical anesthesia. Do not reintroduce the cotton applicator into the bottle.
  3. For topical tissue anesthesia during scaling procedures, dispense a small amount of Topex gel or liquid into a dappen dish, then coat the scaler with the product prior to use.
  4. Tightly re-cap the jar after each use.
Copper functions as an essential micronutrient influencing diverse metabolic processes in mammals, encompassing oxidative stress responses, lipid metabolism, and participation in enzymatic reactions. However, the impact of serum copper on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial. Our aim was to explore the precise correlation between serum copper and NAFLD in a large-scale population-based study. A total of 1377 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016 were included in our study. The diagnosis of NAFLD and its progress to advanced liver fibrosis were based on serological indexes. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Chi-square test were used to access variations between quartiles groups of serum copper. We conducted multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models and subgroup analyses to investigate the association between serum copper and NAFLD, along with several metabolic diseases. Among the 1377 participants, 661 were diagnosed with NAFLD, and 141 of whom were classified into advanced liver fibrosis. Higher serum copper levels (≥ 21.00 μmol/L) were associated with an increased incidence of NAFLD (odds ratio (OR) = 2.07 (1.38-3.10), p < 0.001), as well as advanced liver fibrosis (OR = 2.40 (1.17-5.19), p = 0.025). Moreover, serum copper exhibited a positive correlation with hypertension, overweight, and abdominal obesity, all of which have been identified as risk factors of NAFLD. Additionally, female participants, under the age of 60, and with a higher body mass index (BMI) (> 24.9 kg/m2) emerged as the most vulnerable subgroup concerning the relationship between serum copper and NAFLD. In the U.S. population, a notable association has been identified, linking elevated serum copper to an increased susceptibility for both the onset and progression of NAFLD, along with several metabolic disorders associated with NAFLD. The adverse effects of excess copper warrant attention in the context of public health considerations.
The induction phase of the study will consist of four or six cycles; carboplatin will be administered on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle, nab-paclitaxel will be administered on Days 1, 8, and 15 of each 21-day cycle. The Day 1 order of drug administration is as follows: nab-paclitaxel, then carboplatin. Participants who experience disease progression at any time during the induction phase will discontinue all study treatment. In the maintenance phase, participants will receive best supportive care.
Dose escalation follows the accelerated titration and the standard 3+3 dose escalation design. A total of 3 dose levels are set for subjects.
This project will examine the implementation and effectiveness of an ASD executive functioning intervention, entitled Unstuck and On Target (UOT), adapted for use in community mental health clinics. Minimizing the impact of executive functioning deficits in youth has broad public health implications, including improving the effectiveness of mental health services for youth such as those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Improved executive functioning also has the potential for improvement in real-world functioning, including daily living skills, mental health, and educational outcomes. Although UOT is an established evidence-based intervention, the effectiveness of this intervention in mental health settings has not been established. Therefore, the primary aim is to collect data on implementation outcomes of the adapted intervention, including feasibility, utility, and therapist fidelity, in mental health settings. The secondary aim is to collect data on the preliminary effectiveness of UOT adapted for mental health settings. This study has the potential to make a significant impact by building local capacity to serve school-age children with executive functioning deficits in routine service settings, and advancing the science on the effectiveness of an established evidence-based practice (UOT) for specific services settings. It will also produce generalizable knowledge about implementation that can be applied for this population/setting.
The primary objective of this retrospective study is to estimate vaccine effectiveness of Pfizer's ABRYSVO vaccine against RSV-related lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) requiring hospitalization among Kaiser Permanente Southern California members who are eligible for vaccination per current recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Analyses will employ a retrospective case-control study with test negative design (TND) and a retrospective cohort design. The TND will assess RSV-related outcomes, while the cohort design will assess all-cause outcomes. The cohort study may also assess RSV-related outcomes, depending on RSV testing rates. Standard of care (SOC) RSV testing and re-testing of remnant SOC respiratory specimens for those who did not have SOC testing will be used to define RSV-related endpoints. For the cohort design, a sensitivity analysis including imputation of results for individuals experiencing lower respiratory tract disease without confirmation of RSV positivity or negativity may also be conducted. In the event that standard of care testing practices decline or there are not enough available specimens for estimating RSV-associated VE, the study may be extended to additional seasons. Secondary objectives of the TND, and if conducted for RSV-related endpoints, of the cohort study, include estimating vaccine effectiveness against: RSV-related LRTD hospitalizations among immunocompetent, RSV-related lower respiratory tract disease hospitalizations among high-risk groups, RSV-related acute respiratory tract infection hospitalizations, and Emergency Department (ED) visits. The retrospective cohort analysis will provide VE estimates against additional all-cause ARI and LRTD outcomes, as well as incidence rates and rate reductions for study outcomes, and will include outpatient outcomes. Analyses will include stratifications by presence of comorbidity, RSV subgroup, severity, age, frailty, and other selected demographic factors.
The goal of any radiation treatment plan is to achieve maximal disease response with minimal toxicity. HDR brachytherapy offers a promising definitive treatment option in the setting of Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer after prior definitive radiation, based on the limited data described above, with achievement of biochemical disease control in a large percentage of patients with relatively low toxicity. With focal HDR brachytherapy, the investigators can treat the isolated areas of disease, while avoiding normal prostate tissue, with the goal of further improving toxicity rates. The investigators hypothesize that using single fraction, focal HDR brachytherapy performed with one single implant for the treatment of LRPC is feasible and without excess toxicity, and can be safely delivered. This should allow for better patient convenience and cost and improved treatment dosimetry and planning, as it will decrease the risk of catheter displacement between fractions, which will hopefully correlate to less GU and non-GU acute toxicity. The primary objective is to determine the acute and late GU and GI toxicity of single fraction focal HDR salvage brachytherapy (primary endpoint).
BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin (DOX) is limited in clinical use due to its cardiotoxic side effects. Oxidative stress and inflammation are pivotal mechanisms underlying doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Sulfiredoxin 1 (Srxn1) plays a central role in antioxidant effects. However, the role of Srxn1 in DIC has not yet been fully elucidated. This study aims to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of Srxn1 on DIC.
METHODS: We overexpressed Srxn1 in the myocardium using an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) system, delivered through tail vein injection. C57BL/6 mice received intraperitoneal injections of DOX (4 mg/kg) weekly for four consecutive weeks to establish a mouse model of DIC. We used echocardiography, histopathological, and molecular techniques to elucidate the effects and mechanisms.
RESULTS: Our findings demonstrate that overexpression of Srxn1 significantly enhanced cardiac function and mitigated myocardial injury in mice exposed to DOX. Overexpressing Srxn1 attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation induced by DOX. Furthermore, Srxn1 overexpression led to upregulation of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) expression and inhibited the activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Notably, the protective effects of Srxn1 were significantly abrogated by the Sirt1 inhibitor EX527.
CONCLUSION: The protective effects of Srxn1 against DOX-induced cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation operate by targeting the Sirt1/NLRP3 signaling pathway to alleviate DIC. Srxn1 could be a potential candidate for the treatment of DOX-induced myocardial injury.
Existing literature suggests that infection-specific mechanisms may play a significant role in the onset and progression of dementia, as opposed to the broader phenomenon of systemic inflammation. In addition, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-coenzyme A (CoA) reductase inhibitors have been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for sepsis, given their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (simvastatin) by analyzing neurodegenerative markers, mitochondrial respiration, and neuronal tracing in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) of sepsis survivor animals. Adult Wistar rats were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture or left non-manipulated. The animals were treated with simvastatin or vehicle for 4 days before and 10 days after surgery. The treatment preserved the non-associative memory (P < 0.05), recovered expression of Smad-3 in the hippocampus (P < 0.05), and prevented increased expression of calpain-1 (hippocampus: P < 0.0001; PFC: P < 0.05) and GSKβ (hippocampus: P < 0.0001; PFC: P < 0.0001) in the brain structures of the sepsis survivor animals. These animals also showed mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased axon terminals in the RE. Simvastatin seems to restore energy metabolism by improving the electron transfer system (ETS) values in the hippocampus (P < 0.01) and the oxidative phosphorylation/ETS (P/E) ratio in the PFC (P < 0.05), in addition to preventing the reduction of axon terminals in survivor animals. These results suggest a potential neuroprotective effect and the importance of considering HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors as a possible adjuvant therapy in sepsis.
Patients undergo apheresis and in-vitro depletion of T-regulatory cells. Patients then receive a nonmyeloablative, lymphocyte-depleting preparative regimen comprising cyclophosphamide IV over 1 hour on days -8 and -7 and fludarabine IV over 15-30 minutes on days -6 to -2 followed by autologous T-regulatory-depleted lymphocytes IV over 20-30 minutes on day 0. Patients receive vaccination with gp100:209-217 (210M) and MART-1:27-35 peptides emulsified in Montanide ISA-51 subcutaneously (SC) on days 0-3, 20-23, 41-44, and 62-65. Patients also receive filgrastim (G-CSF) SC beginning on day 1 and continuing until blood counts recover.
AIMS: Cervical cancer remains a burden within Aotearoa New Zealand, with 2022 screening rates sitting 12.7% below target. The National Cervical Screening Programme has changed to primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for all screen-eligible people, with the aim for home self-testing. Little is known about the readiness of primary care for the change to self-testing and its associated challenges. A pilot HPV cervical cancer screening programme is being conducted in 17 practice centres. The aim of this study is to explore smear-taker knowledge at these centres about the use of primary HPV testing for cervical cancer screening.
METHODS: This is an ethically approved questionnaire study, with data from a structured web-based questionnaire sent to all smear-takers at the pilot centres.
RESULTS: We achieved a total completion rate of 57.8%. The average score for "Knowledge of HPV" was 56.5% (range=20-100%). The challenges to patient home HPV self-testing were felt to be overall "not at all" to "mildly challenging". Up to 73.3% of participants identified ongoing needs for further education.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate knowledge deficits regarding HPV testing for cervical cancer screening and a desire for the provision of further education. Overall, respondents felt that no major barriers to implementing HPV self-testing would occur.
The Vermont Department of Labor is partnering with health care, employment, and other entities to implement "Vermont RETAIN." SSA contracted with Mathematica to conduct an independent evaluation of the program. Under the RETAIN model medical providers receive training and incentives to use occupational health best practices. The state agency also coordinates SAW/RTW services for the enrollee, fosters communication among Vermont RETAIN stakeholders about the treatment enrollee returning to work, and monitors the enrollee's medical and employment progress. Providers at participating practices are trained in the Vermont Best Practice Resources and Training, which explains how to identify early and then manage the risk of work disability to help prevent long-term unemployment. Participants undergo a systematic assessment of barriers to work, work goals, and function in order to create a personalized RTW plan; RTW coordinators use a strength-based coaching model and provide care coordination through a customized mobile health app.

Vermont plans to work with 68 primary care practices across the state and enrolls clusters of medical practices to participate in the study. The evaluation team randomly assigns each cluster to either a treatment or control group. Mathematica conducts random assignment of clusters on a rolling basis as Vermont enrolls clusters. Vermont invites eligible individuals who see a medical provider in either the treatment or control group to enroll in the study. Individuals who see a provider that has been randomly assigned to the treatment group and who enroll in the study are considered "treatment group enrollees" and are eligible for Vermont RETAIN services. Individuals who see a provider in the control group and enroll in the study are considered "control group enrollees" and are not eligible for Vermont RETAIN services.

The evaluation team then compares the outcomes of the treatment and control groups and gathers evidence on how RETAIN shaped the outcomes of enrollees who were eligible for its services, regardless of whether they participated in those services. Data sources include enrollment data, surveys, administrative records, program data, and qualitative data.
BACKGROUND: Despite improvements in outcomes of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), ventricular septal rupture (VSR) remains a known complication, carrying high mortality. The contemporary incidence, mortality, and management of post-STEMI VSR remains unclear.
METHODS: The National Inpatient Sample database (2009-2020) was used to study trends in admissions and outcomes of post-STEMI VSR over time. Survey estimation commands were used to determine weighted national estimates.
RESULTS: There were 2 315 186 ± 22 888 visits for STEMI with 0.194 ± 0.01% experiencing VSR during 2009-2020 in the USA. Patients with VSR were more often older, white, female, and presented with an anterior STEMI; there was no difference in the rates of fibrinolysis. In-hospital mortality was 73.6 ± 1.8%, but only 29.2 ± 1.9 and 10 ± 1.2% received surgical repair and transcatheter repair (TCR), respectively. TCR was associated with higher and surgical repair with lower mortality. Days to surgery were longer for those who survived (5.9 ± 2.75) compared with those who died (2.44 ± 1). In a multivariable analysis, surgical repair at greater than or equal to day 4 was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (odds ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval: 0.17-0.88).
CONCLUSION: Mortality in post-STEMI VSR remains high with no improvement over time. Most patients are managed conservatively, and the frequency of surgical repair has decreased, while TCR has increased over the study period. Despite design limitations and survival bias, surgical repair at greater than or equal to 4 days was associated with a lower mortality.
BACKGROUND: Mitochondria play a crucial role in shaping the macrophage inflammatory response during bacterial infections. Spinster homolog 2 (Spns2), responsible for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) secretion, acts as a key regulator of mitochondrial dynamics in macrophages. However, the link between Spns2/S1P signaling and mitochondrial functions remains unclear.
METHODS: Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from both wild-type and Spns2 knockout rats, followed by non-targeted metabolomics and RNA sequencing analysis to identify the potential mediators through which Spns2/S1P signaling influences the mitochondrial functions in macrophages. Various agonists and antagonists were used to modulate the activation of Spns2/S1P signaling and its downstream pathways, with the underlying mechanisms elucidated through western blotting. Mitochondrial functions were assessed using flow cytometry and oxygen consumption assays, as well as morphological analysis. The impact on inflammatory response was validated through both in vitro and in vivo sepsis models, with the specific role of macrophage-expressed Spns2 in sepsis evaluated using Spns2flox/floxLyz2-Cre mice. Additionally, the regulation of mitochondrial functions by Spns2/S1P signaling was confirmed using THP-1 cells, a human monocyte-derived macrophage model.
RESULTS: In this study, we unveil prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as a pivotal mediator involved in Spns2/S1P-mitochondrial communication. Spns2/S1P signaling suppresses PGE2 production to support malate-aspartate shuttle activity. Conversely, excessive PGE2 resulting from Spns2 deficiency impairs mitochondrial respiration, leading to intracellular lactate accumulation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through E-type prostanoid receptor 4 activation. The overactive lactate-ROS axis contributes to the early-phase hyperinflammation during infections. Prolonged exposure to elevated PGE2 due to Spns2 deficiency culminates in subsequent immunosuppression, underscoring the dual roles of PGE2 in inflammation throughout infections. The regulation of PGE2 production by Spns2/S1P signaling appears to depend on the coordinated activation of multiple S1P receptors rather than any single one.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings emphasize PGE2 as a key effector of Spns2/S1P signaling on mitochondrial dynamics in macrophages, elucidating the mechanisms through which Spns2/S1P signaling balances both early hyperinflammation and subsequent immunosuppression during bacterial infections.
The disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for determining a laser parameter set for corneal refractive surgery. The apparatus may include an autorefractor configured to obtain at least two ocular measurement parameters for an eye and to obtain a post-operative refraction of the eye. The apparatus may include a user interface configured to obtain a target refraction for the eye. The apparatus may include a memory and a processor communicatively coupled to the user interface, the autorefractor, and the memory. The processor may be configured to determine the laser parameter set based on an algorithm using the at least two ocular measurement parameters. The processor may be configured to correlate the at least two ocular measurement parameters, the laser parameter set, and the post-operative refraction as a training set.