anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Topical administration of a generator of H2S in biological tissues for the treatment of eye disorders, such as glaucoma. NaHS caused a time-dependent decrease in intraocular pressure in normotensive, conscious albino rabbits indicating a similar role for H2S in the regulation of aqueous humor dynamics in animals and humans. H2S donors, NaHS and Na2S, inhibited field-stimulated [3H]NE release from porcine isolated iris-ciliary bodies and produced relaxation of pre-contracted iris muscle strips indicating a pharmacological role for H2S in the anterior uvea. The observation that donors of H2S can alter sympathetic neurotransmission and induce an inhibitory action on iris smooth muscle suggests that this gas has the potential to influence several physiological/pathological processes in the eye. The ability of NaHS or Na2S to inhibit [3H]NE release mimics the well-established action some antiglaucoma drugs (e.g. α2-adrenoceptor agonists, prostaglandins) on sympathetic neurotransmission in the anterior uvea and can be used to reduce IOP in animals and humans.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most frequent anxiety disorder in the general population (Kessler and al., 2005). Currently, the treatment of choice for PTSD is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT; Foa, Davidson and Frances, 1999). Based on remission rates after treatment, successful outcomes of CBT for PTSD vary between 46 and 54 % when dropouts are considered, and between 56 and 70% among those who completed their therapy (Bradley and al., 2005). Thus, there is room for improvement.

Recently, the results of two published studies on the treatment of phobia of heights (Ressler and al., 2004) and social phobia (Hofman, 2006) indicated that the efficacy of CBT was increased by adding D-cycloserine. The superior efficacy of CBT/D-cycloserine over CBT/Placebo in the treatment of anxiety disorders can result from a greater release of glutamate, a substance facilitating the extinction of fear (Davis, Myers, Ressler and Rothbaum, 2005; Richardson, Ledgerwood an Cranney, 2004). However, to our knowledge, no study has yet compared CBT/D-cycloserine to CBT/Placebo in the treatment of PTSD. The main hypothesis of the current study is that the efficacy of CBT for PTSD will be increased when combined with D-cycloserine compared to a placebo.
Pendrin and prestin are evolutionary-conserved membrane proteins that are essential for normal hearing. Dysfunction of these proteins results in hearing loss in humans, and numerous deafness-associated pendrin and prestin variants have been identified in patients. However, the pathogenic impacts of many of these variants are ambiguous. Here, we report results from our ongoing efforts to experimentally characterize pendrin and prestin variants using in vitro functional assays. With previously established fluorometric anion transport assays, we determined that many of the pendrin variants identified on transmembrane (TM) 10, which contains the essential anion binding site, and on the neighboring TM9 within the core domain resulted in impaired anion transport activity. We also determined the range of functional impairment in three deafness-associated prestin variants by measuring nonlinear capacitance (NLC), a proxy for motor function. Using the results from our functional analyses, we also evaluated the performance of AlphaMissense (AM), a computational tool for predicting the pathogenicity of missense variants. AM prediction scores correlated well with our experimental results; however, some variants were misclassified, underscoring the necessity of experimentally assessing the effects of variants. Together, our experimental efforts provide invaluable information regarding the pathogenicity of deafness-associated pendrin and prestin variants.
Pain is the largest health-related burden on society and, despite many decades of pain research, there are still few effective treatments. Since pain experience is a construct of the central nervous system (CNS), chronic pain has been recently thought to be a CNS disorder.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe, non-invasive technique for cerebral cortex stimulation and the clinical applications of which have expanded considerably in recent years. Recent studies have been shown that 'classical' rTMS to different cortical areas temporary reduce chronic and acute pain, suggesting that rTMS may ´have some clinical application in future management of chronic pain. However, new rTMS paradigms involving theta burst stimulation (TBS) have recently been described with the major clinical advantage to be much shorter than 'classical' rTMS. The investigators hypothesize that cTBS would yield analgesic effects similar to or, possibly, even stronger than those produced by 'classical' rTMS. The investigators will carry out a sham-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover study in healthy volunteers, to compare the analgesic effects of two rTMS protocols over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: classical high-frequency rTMS (10 Hz), and TBS. As rTMS-induced analgesia may be dependent on changes in pain modulatory systems, the investigators will analyze the effects of the stimulation on conditioned pain modulation (CPM). More specifically, the investigators will compare the effects of multiple sessions of rTMS on the inhibition of a test experimental stimulus induced by heterotopic noxious stimuli, to assess possible changes in diffuse noxious inhibitory controls.
Statins, like some other lipid-lowering therapies, have been associated with biochemical abnormalities of liver function. In placebo-controlled clinical trials, subjects were exposed to pravastatin or placebo [see Clinical Studies (14)]. In an analysis of serum transaminase values (ALT, AST), incidences of marked abnormalities were compared between the pravastatin and placebo treatment groups; a marked abnormality was defined as a post-treatment test value greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal for subjects with pretreatment values less than or equal to the upper limit of normal, or 4 times the pretreatment value for subjects with pretreatment values greater than the upper limit of normal but less than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal. Marked abnormalities of ALT or AST occurred with similar low frequency (≤1.2%) in both treatment groups. Overall, clinical trial experience showed that liver function test abnormalities observed during pravastatin therapy were usually asymptomatic, not associated with cholestasis, and did not appear to be related to treatment duration. In a 320-patient placebo-controlled clinical trial, subjects with chronic (>6 months) stable liver disease, due primarily to hepatitis C or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, were treated with 80 mg pravastatin or placebo for up to 9 months. The primary safety endpoint was the proportion of subjects with at least one ALT ≥2 times the upper limit of normal for those with normal ALT (≤ the upper limit of normal) at baseline or a doubling of the baseline ALT for those with elevated ALT (> the upper limit of normal) at baseline. By Week 36, 12 out of 160 (7.5%) subjects treated with pravastatin met the prespecified safety ALT endpoint compared to 20 out of 160 (12.5%) subjects receiving placebo. Conclusions regarding liver safety are limited since the study was not large enough to establish similarity between groups (with 95% confidence) in the rates of ALT elevation.

It is recommended that liver function tests be performed prior to the initiation of therapy and when clinically indicated.

Active liver disease or unexplained persistent transaminase elevations are contraindications to the use of pravastatin [see Contraindications (4.2)]. Caution should be exercised when pravastatin is administered to patients who have a recent history of liver disease, have signs that may suggest liver disease (e.g., unexplained aminotransferase elevations, jaundice), or are heavy users of alcohol.

Patients who develop increased transaminase levels or signs and symptoms of active liver disease while taking pravastatin should be evaluated with a second liver function evaluation to confirm the finding and be followed thereafter with frequent liver function tests until the abnormality(ies) return to normal. Should an increase in AST or ALT of 3 times the upper limit of normal or greater persist, withdrawal of pravastatin therapy is recommended..
PURPOSE: Accurate prediction of hernia occurrence is vital for surgical decision-making and patient management, particularly in colorectal surgery patients. While a hernia prediction model has been developed, its performance in external populations remain to be investigated. This study aims to validate the existing model on an external dataset of patients who underwent colorectal surgery.
METHODS: The "Penn Hernia Calculator" model was externally validated using the Hughes Abdominal Repair Trial (HART) data, a randomized trial comparing colorectal cancer surgery closure techniques. The data encompassed demographics, comorbidities, and surgical specifics. Patients without complete follow-up were omitted. Model performance was assessed using key metrics, including area under the curve (AUC-ROC and AUC-PR) and Brier score. Reporting followed the TRIPOD consensus.
RESULTS: An external international dataset consisting of 802 colorectal surgery patients were identified, of which 674 patients with up to 2 years follow-up were included. Average patient age was 68 years, with 63.8% male. The average BMI was 28.1. Prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and smoking were 15.7%, 16.3%, and 36.5%, respectively. Additionally, 7.9% of patients had a previous hernia. The most common operation types were low anterior resection (35.3%) and right hemicolectomy (34.4%). Hernia were observed in 24% of cases by 2-year follow-up. The external validation model revealed an AUC-ROC of 0.66, AUC-PR of 0.72, and a Brier score of 0.2.
CONCLUSION: The hernia prediction model demonstrated moderate performance in the external validation. Its potential generalizability, specifically in those undergoing colorectal surgery, may suggest utility in identifying and managing high-risk hernia candidates.
SE can also be performed outdoors, with pocket size or portable instruments, in a setting of ecological stress entirely different from standard indoor testing. The diagnostic target is the early subclinical identification of pulmonary edema. Subjects involved in extreme sporting events (competitive triathlon, marathon, apnea diving etc) or ordinary exercise in extreme environments (trekking at high altitude) will undergo lung ultrasound scan for B-lines before, soon after (within 10 minutes) and (when positive) soon after, later after (6 to 24 h) the acute extreme exercise. A sample size of 80 patients is required to detect a significant stress-induced increase in B-lines in each of the three major study subgroups: high altitude trekkers (n=100); marathon runners (n=80) and apnea divers (n=70).
Previously in the parent study subjects had received three doses of rMenB+OMV NZ and routine vaccine at 2, 4 and 6 months of age,respectively. These subjects received a booster (fourth) dose at 12 months of age concomitantly with one dose of MMRV vaccine in the present study.
Pharmaceuticals for nasal administration contg. a pharmacologically active material (I), and opt. (I) or some other material, having the secondary effect of inducing an inhibition of ciliary function, and a non-toxic material (II) that is capable of stimulating ciliary function. Pref. the active material (I) is dehydroergotamine, esp. its mesylate, and the material (II) is a xanthine, esp. theophylline or caffeine.
Provided are chlorin derivatives with narrow band emission. In some embodiments, the bacteriochlorin derivatives are PEGylated. In some embodiments, the chlorin derivatives have high water solubility (e.g., 10 mg/mL or more). In some embodiments, the chlorin derivatives are PEGylated and have high water solubility. The chlorin derivatives can include bioconjugatable groups for forming conjugates, for example, with antibodies and nanoparticles. The chlorin derivatives and their conjugates can be used in imaging and therapeutic applications. Methods of synthesizing the chlorin derivatives are also provided.
Risk Summary

There are no available data with Naftifine Hydrochloride Cream in pregnant women to inform the drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. In animal reproduction studies, no adverse effects on embryofetal development were seen at oral doses administered during the period of organogenesis up to 18 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) in pregnant rats or subcutaneous doses administered during the period of organogenesis up to 2 times the MRHD in pregnant rats or 4 times the MRHD in pregnant rabbits [see  Data].

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

Systemic embryofetal development studies were conducted in rats and rabbits. For the comparison of animal to human doses based on body surface area comparison (mg/m2), the MRHD is set at 8 g 2% cream per day (2.67 mg/kg/day for a 60 kg individual).

Oral doses of 30 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day and 300 mg/kg/day naftifine hydrochloride were administered during the period of organogenesis to pregnant female rats. No treatment-related effects on embryofetal development were noted at doses up to 300 mg/kg/day (18 times MRHD). Subcutaneous doses of 10 mg/kg/day and 30 mg/kg/day naftifine hydrochloride were administered during the period of organogenesis to pregnant female rats. No treatment-related effects on embryofetal development were noted at 30 mg/kg/day (2 times MRHD). Subcutaneous doses of 3 mg/kg/day, 10 mg/kg/day and 30 mg/kg/day naftifine hydrochloride were administered during the period of organogenesis to pregnant female rabbits. No treatment-related effects on embryofetal development were noted at 30 mg/kg/day (4 times MRHD).

A peri- and post-natal development study was conducted in rats. Oral doses of 30 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day and 300 mg/kg/day naftifine hydrochloride were administered to female rats from gestational day 14 to lactation day 21. Reduced body weight gain of females during gestation and of the offspring during lactation was noted at 300 mg/kg/day (18 times MRHD). No developmental toxicity was noted at 100 mg/kg/day (6 times MRHD).
Teaching-learning strategies are methods to make it easier for the student to achieve professional goals in personal development. In the context of the academic education of healthcare professionals, ethical issues, patient safety, technological developments, health science, complexity of care measurements and current business world necessities should be taken into account by considering these strategies. In this context, simulation-based learning is one of the most effective and interesting teaching strategies and has been shown to reduce gaps between education and practice and adapt nursing students to clinical environments. Simulation is a set of structured activities that represent actual or potential situations in training and practice. These activities allow participants to develop or increase their knowledge, skills and attitudes, or to analyze and respond to realistic situations in a simulated environment. Simulations are especially important in clinical environments because they imitate various aspects of the real world and provide safe learning environments where students can practice until they reach skill competence through self-correction. As a matter of fact, the European heart association (ERC) points out that simulation programs increase the quality of trauma and advanced life support training and increase resuscitation rates after cardiac arrest. High fidelity simulation-based training can be an important component in preparing students for a successful transition into clinical practice. Additionally, it contributes to student satisfaction, confidence, competence and reduced anxiety levels. For these reasons, simulated experiences may be an option to complement traditional healthcare professional education methods.
Chronic tinnitus is a debilitating condition with very few management options. Acoustic trauma that causes tinnitus has been shown to induce neuronal hyperactivity in multiple brain areas in the auditory pathway, including the inferior colliculus. This neuronal hyperactivity could be attributed to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. However, it is not clear how the levels of neurotransmitters, especially neurotransmitters in the extracellular space, change over time following acoustic trauma and the development of tinnitus. In the present study, a range of amino acids were measured in the inferior colliculus of rats during acoustic trauma as well as at 1 week and 5 months post-trauma using in vivo microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Amino acid levels in response to sound stimulation were also measured at 1 week and 5 months post-trauma. It was found that unilateral exposure to a 16 kHz pure tone at 115 dB SPL for 1 h caused immediate hearing loss in all the animals and chronic tinnitus in 58 % of the animals. Comparing to the sham condition, extracellular levels of GABA were significantly increased at both the acute and 1 week time points after acoustic trauma. However, there was no significant difference in any of the amino acid levels measured between sham, tinnitus positive and tinnitus negative animals at 5 months post-trauma. There was also no clear pattern in the relationship between neurochemical changes and sound frequency/acoustic trauma/tinnitus status, which might be due to the relatively poorer temporal resolution of the microdialysis compared to electrophysiological responses.
OBJECTIVE: Identifying participants who will progress to advanced stage in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) trials remains a significant challenge. Current tools, relying on total knee replacements (TKR), fall short in reliability due to the extraneous factors influencing TKR decisions. Acknowledging these limitations, our study identifies a critical need for a more robust metric to assess severe KOA. The end-stage KOA (esKOA) measure, which combines symptomatic and radiographic criteria, serves as a solid indicator. To enhance future trials that use esKOA as an endpoint, our study focuses on developing and validating a machine-learning tool to identify individuals likely to develop esKOA within 2 to 5 years.
DESIGN: Utilizing the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) data, we trained models on 3,114 participants and validated them with 606 participants for the right knee, and similarly for the left knee, with external validation from the Multicentre Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) involving 1,602 participants. We aimed to predict esKOA onset at 2-to-2.5 years and 4-to-5 years, defining esKOA by severe radiographic KOA with moderate/severe symptoms or mild/moderate radiographic KOA with persistent/intense symptoms. Our analysis considered 51 candidate predictors, including demographics, clinical history, physical examination, and X-ray evaluations. An online tool predicting esKOA progression, based on models with ten and nine predictors for the right and left knees, respectively, was developed.
RESULTS: External validation (MOST) for the right knee at 2.5 years yielded an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.847 (95 % CI 0.811 to 0.882), and at 5 years, 0.853 (95 % CI 0.823 to 0.881); for the left knee at 2.5 years, AUC was 0.824 (95 % CI 0.782 to 0.857), and at 5 years, 0.807 (95 % CI 0.768 to 0.843). Models with fewer predictors demonstrated comparable performance. The online tool is available at: https://eskoa.shinyapps.io/webapp/.
CONCLUSION: Our study unveils a robust, externally validated machine learning tool proficient in predicting the onset of esKOA over the next 2 to 5 years. Our tool can lead to more efficient KOA trials.
Method (300) may include receiving (302) a file with a first healthcare claim. Method (300) may include parsing (304) the first healthcare claim into one or more claim data elements (502). Method (306) may include performing an automatic discovery process on first claim data element (502) of the one or more data elements. The automatic discovery process may include identifying (402) a replacement value for claim data element value (506) of first claim data element (502) and assigning (404) an accuracy score to the replacement value. In response to the accuracy score exceeding a pre-determined score threshold, the automatic discovery process may include replacing (406) claim data element value (506) of first claim data element (502) with the replacement value. In response to the accuracy probability score being below the pre-determined score threshold, the automatic discovery process may include presenting (408) the replacement value via a user interface.
This arm includes combined albendazole with praziquantel, given to approximately 150 participants. Subjects will also receive dexamethasone as an adjunct treatment. An appropriate dose will be calculated per participant's body weight and administered to each participant daily for 10 days. Participants will be monitored for 30 minutes following oral medication, and a repeat dose will be administered if a participant vomits within this observation period. Additional doses (the whole cycle) will be supplied for participants failed to clear NCC in six months.
The study will be included volunteers - women between 60 - 72 years old (n=60). The patients are randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n=20) and control group (n=20). During the 24-weeks intervention period, Group A undergoes training procedure supplemented with the carnitine and leucine, whilst group B undergoes training procedure supplemented with leucine. At the same time control group go through only training procedure. Measurements are performed before, at the mid-point, and at the end of the intervention period.

Approximately 1 week prior to the experimental trial day, participants perform a familiarization session during which one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength testing is also performed to determine the experimental exercise load. Resistance exercise training is performed twice weekly on non-consecutive days (Monday+Thursday, or Tuesday+Friday) for 24-weeks under direct supervision by a research assistant. Prior to a training session subjects are required to perform warm - up on the treadmill (walk) and static stretching, after each session - cool down on the cycle ergometer and static stretching. Resistance exercise for each session consisted of 6 exercises: horizontal seated leg press, seated chest press, leg extension, shoulder press, lat pull-down seated row, seated cable row First two weeks of training consist of 3 sets of 10-12 repetitions and are keeping exercises at 65% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). After this period training consists of 3 sets of 6-8 repetitions and is progressing to 80% of 1RM. The 1RM is re-evaluated every 2 weeks, and the training load is adjusted accordingly. The exercise program follows the recommended guidelines for older adults by the American College of Sports Medicine and the National Strength and Conditioning Association.
After 70 - 80 % of the target phoneme / target consonant cluster can be pronounced correctly in spontaneous speech situations during therapy, the children will maintain their traditional therapy until more than 90% of the target phoneme / target consonant cluster can be pronounced correctly in spontaneous speech situations (max. 12 weeks).