anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with chemotherapy have become the first-line standard treatment for locally advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The evidence also demonstrates improved synergistic effects of chemotherapy when combined with delayed administration of ICIs. In this study, we conducted a retrospective investigation into the treatment efficacy of taxol plus platinum (TP) chemotherapy combined with delayed administration of PD-1 inhibitors for ESCC patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical data of ESCC patients who received PD-1 inhibitors 3-5 days after TP chemotherapy as first-line treatment was retrospectively reviewed between January 2019 and April 2023. Clinical outcomes and treatment safety were analyzed. The potential roles of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) were investigated.
RESULTS: A total of 34 locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic ESCC patients received PD-1 inhibitors 3-5 days following TP chemotherapy were included. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 85.3% and 97.1% respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 13.2 and 19.1 month respectively. Seven patients received radical surgery, 1 patient achieved pathologic complete response (pCR) and 3 patients achieved major pathologic response (MPR). Among the 27 patients without surgery, the median PFS and OS were 9.7 and 19.1 month respectively. A more favorable prognosis was correlated with NLR less than 3 at the 3rd and 4th cycle of immunochemotherapy. No significant correlations between other parameters (PLR, MLR and PIV) and prognosis were observed. A total of 22 patients developed grade 3-4 toxicity events.
CONCLUSION: The optimized sequence of PD-1 inhibitors administered 3-5 days after TP chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of ESCC demonstrated favorable treatment efficacy. Pretreatment NLR of less than 3 at the 3rd and 4th cycle of immunochemotherapy is associated with a better prognosis.
The safety data described below reflect exposure to zileuton extended-release tablets in 199 patients for 12 weeks duration. In a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older with asthma, patients received zileuton extended-release tablets two 600 mg tablets (n=199) or placebo (n=198) twice daily by mouth. Eighty-three percent of patients were white, 48% were male, and the mean age was 34 years. 

Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The most commonly reported adverse reactions (occurring at a frequency of ≥5%) in zileuton extended-release tablets-treated patients and at a frequency greater than placebo-treated patients are reflected in Table 1.

Less common adverse reactions occurring at a frequency ≥1% and more often in the zileuton extended-release tablets group than in the placebo group included gastrointestinal disorders (upper abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspepsia, vomiting), rash, hypersensitivity, and hepatotoxicity. 

There were no differences in the incidence of adverse reactions based upon gender. The clinical trials did not include sufficient numbers of patients <18 years of age or non-Caucasians to determine whether there is any difference in adverse reactions based upon age or race.

Hepatotoxicity

In the 12-week placebo-controlled trial, the incidence of ALT elevations (≥3×ULN) was 2.5% (5 of 199) in the zileuton extended-release tablets group, compared to 0.5% (1 of 198) in the placebo group. In the zileuton extended-release tablets group, the majority of ALT elevations (60%) occurred in the first month of treatment, and in 2 of the 5 patients in the zileuton extended-release tablets group, ALT elevations were detected 14 days after completion of the 3-month study treatment. The levels returned to <2×ULN or normal within 9 and 12 days, respectively. The ALT elevations in the other 3 patients were observed to return to <2×ULN or normal within 15, 19, and 31 days after zileuton extended-release tablets discontinuation. There appeared to be no clinically relevant relationship between the time of onset and the magnitude of the first elevation or the magnitude of first elevation and time to resolution. The hepatic function enzyme elevations attributed to zileuton extended-release tablets did not result in any cases of jaundice, development of chronic liver disease, or death in this clinical trial.
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and difficult-to-heal lung disease that poses a significant threat to human life and health. This study aimed to investigate the potential pathological mechanisms of PF and to identify new avenues for the treatment of PF.
METHODS: Clinical samples were collected to assess the effect of disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) on PF. TGF-β1-induced MLE-12 cell model and bleomycin (BLM)-induced mice model were established. Changes in physiological morphology and fibrosis were observed in the lung tissues. The degree of apoptosis and the mitochondrial function was analyzed. The expression of relative cytokines was examined. The CD68+/CD206+ ratio was determined to indicate M2 macrophage polarization.
RESULTS: The expression of DsbA-L was upregulated in patients with PF and PF-like models. In vitro, DsbA-L overexpression exacerbated TGF-β1-induced the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), apoptosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage, whereas DsbA-L silencing exerted the opposite effects. DsbA-L silencing inhibited the activation of AKT1, NLRP3, and SMAD3 by TGF-β1. MLE-12 cells silencing DsbA-L limited the polarization of RAW264.7 cells towards the M2 phenotype. AKT1 agonist or NLRP3 agonist reversed the role of DsbA-L silencing in inhibiting the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway and M2 macrophage polarization. In vivo, DsbA-L knockout protected mice from PF-like pathological damage caused by BLM.
CONCLUSION: DsbA-L exhibited a significant profibrotic effect in lung epithelial cells and mice, which increased the levels of AKT1 and NLRP3 to activate the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway and M2 macrophage polarization. These findings could shed light on new clues for comprehension and treatment of PF.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for inducing a cytotoxic T lymphocyte specific to an antigen, and to provide an HLA (human histocompatibility leucocyte antigen)-A24 restricting antigen peptide useful for treating a cancer.  <P>SOLUTION: The method for inducing the cytotoxic T lymphocyte specific to the antigen comprises using an autologous T lymphocyte into which an RNA for encoding a target antigen is introduced as an antigen-presenting cell. The autologous T lymphocyte is used as an immune inducing agent. Further, peptides each expressed by a specific amino acid sequence are provided as the HLA-A24 restricting antigen peptide derived from MAGE-4 or SAGE. The peptide induces the cytotoxic T lymphocyte specific to the antigen, so that the peptide is useful for treating the cancer which expresses the antigen.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
A cosmetic composition for hair containing a natural plant oil is provided to wash hair without skin irritation by stably dispersing the natural plant oil using a floating agent and surfactant. A hair cosmetic composition comprises 0.1-1.0 weight% of cation polymer, 10-70 weight% of anion surfactant, 0.01-10.0 weight% of plant oil, 0.1-10.0 weight% of hydroxyl-containing crystalline particle floating agent, and 0.1-10.0 weight% of cation surfactant. The cation polymer is the polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose or gua hydroxypropyl tri ammonium chloride. The plant oil is the sunflower oil, hazelnut oil, castor oil or canola oil. The hydroxyl-containing crystalline particle floating agent is the 12-hydroxystearate, 9,10-dihydroxy stearate, tri-9,10-dihydroxystearin, tri-12-hydroxystyrene or glyceryltri-12- hydroxystearate. The cation surfactant is the cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, and behenyltrimethyl ammonium chloride or stearamidopropyl dimethyl amine.
PURPOSE: A Bifidobacterium which is cultured without an anaerobic device and a probiotic composition using the same are provided. CONSTITUTION: A Bifidobacterium longum 6-T-4-55(deposit number KACC91563) has oxygen resistance. A probiotic composition contains Bifidobacterium longum 6-T-4-55 or culture liquid thereof as an active ingredient. A dairy product contains Bifidobacterium longum 6-T-4-55 or culture liquid thereof as an active ingredient. The probiotic composition is used as an additive for feed or food. The composition additionally contains a pharmaceutical carrier and excipient.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a diagnostic imaging support system etc. which can appropriately transmit to a client apparatus which requires medical information to be represented by a shared object etc. so as not to deteriorate at least one efficiency among communication efficiency in a network, operation efficiency in respective apparatuses and work efficiency in diagnostic reading, the whole or a part of the contents of the medical information.  <P>SOLUTION: A server device, for example, judges an information section based on a user and a usage scene, and judges proved information based on the judged information section. The shared object is processed so as to include only the judged provision information, and then, provided to the client apparatus. The shared object including only required minimum information is provided to the client apparatus.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Participants in Cohorts 1 and 2 will receive a once daily dose of JNJ-440/placebo for the duration of 7 days under fasted or fed conditions. Participants in an optional cohort (Cohort 3) may receive a once daily or twice daily dose of JNJ-440/placebo for the duration of 7 or 14 days under fasted or fed conditions. The starting dose for Cohort 1 in Part 2 will be determined by the Sponsor in consultation with the Principal Investigator based on the data from Part 1. Dose escalation will be performed only after review of safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) data after a minimum of 7 days of study drug administration.
We investigated the effects of tobacco smoke exposure and abnormal body weight on selected peptide hormones and their association with metabolic and hormonal disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study group included 88 women with PCOS and 28 women without the disease. In women with PCOS, chemerin, lipocalin, and apelin concentrations were influenced by overweight and obesity status, with the highest concentrations observed in those with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30.0. Exposure to tobacco smoke significantly increased only lipocalin-2 concentration. The disease itself did not affect the concentrations of chemerin, lipocalin, and apelin. Additionally, we found a positive correlation between chemerin concentration and fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and triglycerides levels, while a negative correlation was observed with high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) concentration. In the smoking subgroup, chemerin concentration was positively correlated with free testosterone concentration and the free androgen index and negatively associated with sex hormone-binding globulin concentration. Our findings indicate that abnormal body weight has a stronger impact than tobacco smoke exposure on metabolic and hormonal disorders in women with PCOS, highlighting the important role of weight control in such individuals. However, smoking appears to be an additional factor that intensifies hormonal disorders associated with adipose tissue.
There are many surgical wound closure methods commonly used in practice today. These usually involve a combination of braided and monofilament sutures in the subcutaneous fascia and fat as well as the subcuticular layers of the skin. The methods chosen by surgeons vary widely even amongst partners at the same institution for many reasons, including training background and conflicting reports in the literature. In some cases, these closure techniques can be time consuming and associated with increased rates of poor cosmetic outcomes or complications. There have been new wound closure products to reach the market that have been designed (Zipline - Campbell, CA and Clozex - Wellesley, MA), claiming to increase the speed of closure and decrease the rate of complications. These products both utilize an adhesive backed film to adhere to the skin along with a proprietary method to enhance skin apposition to reduce tension during the healing process. There has been no randomized controlled trial to determine superiority of the above listed surgical closure methods compared to traditional methods.

Our study aims to compare a "traditional" wound closure using both braided and monofilament sutures to the newer wound closure systems. By determining which method provides superior results, we will improve patient outcomes and satisfaction. The study also aims to assess health care value by exploring the costs associated with each closure technique. In addition to material expenses associated with the traditional sutures, we seek to explore if there is a significant difference in the time required to perform each wound closure method. Every minute of anesthesia and operating room utilization is associated with costs borne by the patient and the health care system. By finding which closure method is the fastest and associated with the best outcome we can improve healthcare value.

These methods will be tested in a randomized controlled trial and will be analyzed with multivariate statistical analysis to examine statistical significance. Subjects will be randomized in a 1:1:1 fashion to sutures, Closex, or Zipline. Surgeons will complete a satisfaction questionnaire about the randomized method used for closure. Surgical subjects will complete a satisfaction questionnaire at two follow up visits that align with standard of care visits and will have the incision measured and examined. Our primary objective outcome measure will be an assessment of surgical scar dimensions. Our hypothesis is that the 3 study groups will have similar objective scar measurements but that the savings in time associated with the new wound closure methods will be significant.
BACKGROUND: Congenital lung malformations (CLMs) are among the rare anomalies that can be diagnosed by bronchoscopy and imaging. They can cause various respiratory symptoms and complications, especially in children with congenital heart disease. This is an interesting case report of a child with a rare combination of congenital anomalies affecting the airway.
CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 3.5-year-old boy with multiple congenital anomalies and respiratory problems since birth. He had a history of mild autism, developmental delay, and sensitivity to smell and smoke. He presented with hoarseness, shortness of breath, severe coughing, and severe wheezing, which worsened with the flu. He underwent bronchoscopy and other diagnostic tests, which revealed a posterior laryngeal cleft, a tracheal bronchus, and a very narrow distal trachea. He was treated with nebulizers, antibiotics, and serum therapy and showed improvement. This case illustrates a rare combination of airway malformations that require a multidisciplinary approach.
CONCLUSIONS: We presented a case of rare pulmonary malformations and chronic respiratory symptoms that improved with conventional pharmacotherapy. Increased awareness and understanding of these anomalies among healthcare providers can lead to earlier diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.
Hepatic fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of collagen in the hepatic parenchyma, which disturbs the normal architecture and function. We have shown that human amniotic membrane (AM) can be used as a patch on the whole liver surface, resulting in an extremely significant reduction in collagen deposition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AM on the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) genes and proteins expression by real time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively, as well as image analysis on biliary fibrosis induced in rats by the bile duct ligation (BDL).Two weeks after the BDL, an AM fragment was applied onto the liver, and four weeks later, the liver samples were collected. MMP9 and MMP12 genes were significantly over expressed in group treated with AM. The immunoexpression of MMP9 and MMP12 was observed in all groups. However, the quantitative image analysis demonstrated an increase of the area occupied only by MMP12 in the livers of AM-treated rats with respect to BDL rats. These findings suggest that the AM exerts its beneficial effects on biliary fibrosis by increasing the MMP12, which in turn reduces the excessive collagen deposition on liver tissue.
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing phytochemical nanoparticles with increased particle stability and solubility and use thereof. According to the present invention, the method for manufacturing phytochemical nanoparticles using water-soluble soy polysaccharides and chitosan does not use organic solvents for dissolving water-insoluble drugs during a manufacturing process, such that the safety of functional materials for use in the human body is increased. Since the method forms nanoparticles in a simple way of omitting a complicated process of evaporating organic solvents and adjusting the pH, the complicated process of evaporating organic solvents was omitted and the nanoparticle manufacturing process was simplified. Water-soluble chitosan is added, the method increases the stability of nanoparticles. In addition, the nanoparticles have increased water solubility to have effects of overcoming the low bioavailability and water insolubility, which were disadvantages of flavonoid-based materials, thereby being useful as materials for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and skin cell regenerative cosmetics, cancer treatments, and health functional foods for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin cell regeneration. The method comprises a primary mixture acquisition step, a neutralization step, a secondary mixture acquisition step, and a supernatant acquisition step.
The therapeutic efficacy of bone tumor treatment is primarily limited by inadequate tumor resection, resulting in recurrence and metastasis, as well as the deep location of tumors. Herein, an injectable doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded magnetic alginate hydrogel (DOX@MAH) was developed to evaluate the efficacy of an alternating magnetic field (AMF)-responsive, chemothermal synergistic therapy for multimodality treatment of bone tumors. The prepared hydrogel exhibits a superior drug-loading capacity and a continuous DOX release. This multifunctionality can be attributed to the combined use of DOX for chemotherapy and iron oxide nanoparticle-containing alginate hydrogels as magnetic hyperthermia agents to generate hyperthermia for tumor elimination without the limit on penetration depth. Moreover, the hydrogel can be formed when in contact with the calcium ions, which are abundant in bone tissues; therefore, this hydrogel could perfectly fit the bone defects caused by the surgical removal of the bone tumor tissue, and the hydrogel could tightly attach the surgical margin of the bone to realize a high efficacy residual tumor tissue elimination treated by chemothermal synergistic therapy. The hydrogel demonstrates excellent hyperthermia performance, as evidenced by in vitro cytotoxicity tests on tumor cells. These tests reveal that the combined therapy based on DOX@MAH under AMF significantly induces cell death compared to single magnetic hyperthermia or chemotherapy. In vivo antitumor effects in tumor-bearing mice demonstrate that DOX@MAH injection at the tumor site effectively inhibits tumor growth and leads to tumor necrosis. This work not only establishes an effective DOX@MAH system as a synergistic chemothermal therapy platform for treating bone tumors but also sheds light on the application of alginate to combine calcium ions of the bone to treat bone defect diseases.
The risk of biliary complications can be related to the type of liver transplant performed and the technique used for reconstruction of the bile duct. One of the main techniques of performing biliary reconstruction is a choledocholedochostomy which can be performed over an anastomotic stent. Although placement of biliary stents is routine practice in many liver transplant centers around the country, there is no clear evidence to support their use. As of now both the placement and non-placement of a stent are essentially "standard of care". In the investigators' center, many of the transplant surgeons now perform the biliary anastomosis over a pediatric feeding tube which is used as a stent. The practice of using stents in biliary anastomosis is not uniform and there are no established guidelines to support their indiscriminate application. The investigators have designed a prospective randomized trial to evaluate the effect of stent placement on biliary complications and its effect on morbidity.
BACKGROUND: The emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has increased the incidence of community-onset MRSA infection. Respiratory tract infections caused by MRSA has been noted for their severity; however, repeated relapses that require extended antibiotic therapy are rare.
CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of relapsing bronchopneumonia caused by CA-MRSA in a 56-year-old man. The patient responded to antibiotics, but repeatedly relapsed after stopping treatment. MRSA was consistently isolated from airway specimens during each relapse. Extended oral antibiotic treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) for 6 months achieved infection control. Whole-genome sequencing of the isolated strain revealed that the causative agent was sequence type (ST)1/staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVa, a clone that is rapidly increasing in Japan.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: This patient had an unusual course of MRSA bronchopneumonia with repeated relapses. Although the choice of antibiotics for long-term use in MRSA respiratory tract infections has not been well established, TMP/SMX was effective and well tolerated for long-term therapy in this case. The clinical course of infections related to the rapid emerging clone, ST1/SCCmec type IVa warrants further attention.
Pregnancy: Corticosteroids have been found to be teratogenic in animal studies. Ocular administration of 0.1% dexamethasone resulted in 15.6% and 32.3% incidence of fetal anomalies in two groups of pregnant rabbits. Fetal growth retardation and increased mortality rates have been observed in rats with chronic dexamethasone therapy. Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits with tobramycin at doses up to 100 mg/kg/day parenterally and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus.

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. However, prolonged or repeated corticoid use during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of intra-uterine growth retardation. TOBRADEX (tobramycin and dexamethasone ophthalmic suspension) should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Infants born of mothers who have received substantial doses of corticosteroids during pregnancy should be observed carefully for signs of hypoadrenalism.