anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: To review the atypical development of Salzmann's nodular degeneration (SND) after two cases of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and one case of photorefractive keratomileusis (PRK), and to highlight the pathophysiology of SND and its treatment.
METHODS: Three cases of SND (two following LASIK performed with microkeratomes and one following PRK) were reviewed and Pubmed.gov and internet searches were performed.
RESULTS: SND is myofibroblast-generated fibrosis in the subepithelial space between the epithelium and Bowman's layer that develops years or decades after traumatic, surgical, infectious, or inflammatory injuries to the cornea in which the epithelial basement membrane is damaged in one or more locations and does not fully regenerate. It is hypothesized based on these cases, and the previous immunohistochemistry of other investigators, that myofibroblast precursors, such as fibrocytes or corneal fibroblasts, that enter the subepithelial space are driven to develop into myofibroblasts, which slowly proliferate and extend the fibrosis, by transforming growth factor-beta from epithelium and tears that passes through the defective epithelial basement membrane. These myofibroblasts and the disordered collagens, and other extracellular matrix components they produce, make up the subepithelial opacity characteristic of SND. Nodules are larger accumulations of myofibroblasts and disordered extracellular matrix. If the injury is associated with damage to the underlying Bowman's layer and stroma, as in LASIK flap generation, then the myofibroblasts and fibrosis can extend into Bowman's layer and the underlying anterior stroma.
CONCLUSIONS: SND fibrosis often extends into Bowman's layer and the anterior stroma if there are associated Bowman's defects, such as incisions or lacerations. In the latter cases, SND frequently cannot be removed by simple scrape and peel, as typically performed for most common SND cases, but can be trimmed to remove the offending tissue. This condition is more accurately termed Salzmann's subepithelial fibrosis. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(5):e279-e290.].
BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease primarily affecting Brazil, East Africa, and India, with India accounting for 18% of the global burden. While VL typically presents with systemic symptoms like fever, weight loss, and splenomegaly, it can occasionally manifest atypically, posing significant diagnostic challenges. Neurological presentations of VL are extremely rare, making them difficult to suspect and diagnose. Cases where VL predominantly presents with neurological symptoms are particularly novel, underscoring the need for heightened awareness of such atypical manifestations in endemic regions.
CLINICAL CASE: A 38-year-old man with history of recurrent atypical VL presented with diffuse lower back pain, progressive tingling, numbness, weakness in the lower extremities, and double vision for one month. Clinical and radiological evaluations suggested cauda equina syndrome and cranial nerve palsy, accompanied by generalized lymphadenopathy, subcutaneous nodules, and skin papules. The differential diagnosis initially included disseminated tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, and lymphoma. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed an inflammatory syndrome. Histopathology of lymph node and bone marrow revealed Leishmania amastigotes and subcutaneous nodule and skin biopsy revealed inflammatory cells with granulomas. Furthermore, the qPCR test on DNA from a subcutaneous nodule, lymph node, and CSF was positive for Leishmania kinetoplast DNA. The species was further confirmed as Leishmania donovani through ITS-based PCR amplification and sequencing. Finally, a diagnosis of relapse of VL with lymph node, cutaneous, and neurological involvement, including abducens nerve palsy and cauda equina syndrome, was established. He was treated with combination of liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine, along with intrathecal hyaluronidase, resulting in significant improvement.
CONCLUSION: Unlike previously reported cases with both systemic and neurological symptoms, our patient predominantly presented with neurological manifestations, making this a unique and novel presentation of VL. This case highlights diagnostic challenges and management of atypical VL, emphasizing neurological involvement and successful therapeutic strategies.
BACKGROUND: The Ladd procedure is the treatment of choice for patients with intestinal malrotation; however, the long-term outcomes of the laparoscopic Ladd procedure are not well documented. This study aimed to review the presentation, management, and outcomes of adult patients who underwent a laparoscopic Ladd procedure.
METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted to identify adult patients with malrotation who underwent a laparoscopic Ladd procedure between January 1995 and June 2022 at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Patient details and follow-up data were obtained from the electronic medical records. Patients were invited to participate in a structured phone interview to assess symptoms and quality of life (QoL).
RESULTS: A total of 44 patients underwent the laparoscopic Ladd procedure. Of the 44 patients, 42 (95.5 %) were symptomatic, with 7 (16.7 %) presenting with acute symptoms. Moreover, 8 laparoscopic procedures (13.6 %) required conversion to an open procedure. The median estimated blood loss was 20 mL (IQR, 10-50), operative time was 2.3 h (IQR, 1.8-2.8), and hospital length of stay was 2 days (IQR, 2-3). Postoperative ileus was the most common complication (18.0 %). The median follow-up was 8.00 years (IQR, 2.25-13.00), with more than 90.0 % of patients having partial or complete symptom resolution. Of note, 28 patients (63.6 %) completed phone interviews. Moreover, 1 patient (2.0 %) reported a postoperative volvulus. When asked to compare their current symptoms with those preoperatively, 78.6 % of patients noted that they were significantly better. Furthermore, 85.7 % of patients reported that their QoL was significantly better after surgery. Finally, 96.4 % of patients would recommend the procedure to a friend or family member with the same condition.
CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic Ladd procedure is a safe and effective surgical procedure for adult patients with intestinal malrotation.
1. A polymorphic form of 5- [4- [2- (N-methyl-N- (2- pyridyl) amino) ethoxy] benzyl] thiazolidine-2,4-dione, maleic acid salt (the Polymorph) characterised in that it provides: (i) an infra red spectrum containing peaks at 1752,1546,1154,621, and 602 cm<-1>; and/or (ii) a Raman spectrum containing peaks at 1751,1243 and 602 cm<-1>; and/or (iii) a solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum containing peaks at 111.9, 144.7,153.2,157.1,170.7,172.0 and 175.0 ppm; and/or (iv) an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern which gives calculated lattice spacings of 58, and 3.48 Angstroms. 2. A Polymorph according to claim 1, which provides an infra red spectrum substantially in accordance with Figure I. 3. A Polymorph according to claim 1 or claim 2, which provides a Raman spectrum substantially in accordance with Figure II. 4. A Polymorph according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which provides a solidstate nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum substantially in accordance with Figure III and/or Table I. 5. A Polymorph according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which provides an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern substantially in accordance with Figure IV and/or Table II. 6. A Polymorph according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in isolated form. 7. A Polymorph according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in pure form. 8. A Polymorph according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in crystalline form. 9. A process for preparing a Polymorph according to claim 1, characterised in that a solution of Compound (I) in denatured ethanol at an elevated temperature is cooled so as to provide crystallisation of the Polymorph after which the Polymorph is recovered from the denatured ethanol. 10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective, non-toxic amount of a Polymorph according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor. 11. A Polymorph according to claim 1, for use as an active therapeutic substance. 12. A Polymorph according to claim 1, for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diabetes mellitus, conditions associated with diabetes mellitus and certain complications thereof. 13. The use of Polymorph for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diabetes mellitus, conditions associated with diabetes mellitus and certain complications thereof. 14. A method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diabetes mellitus, conditions associated with diabetes mellitus and certain complications thereof, in a human or non-human mammal which comprises administering an effective, non-toxic, amount of Polymorph to a human or non-human mammal in need thereof.
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The primary objective is to identify determinants of dissatisfaction after surgical treatment of vaginal prolapse ± rectal prolapse, using laparoscopic mesh sacrohysteropexy (LSH) or sacrocolpopexy (LSC) ± ventral mesh rectopexy (VMR). The secondary objective is the evaluation of complications and objective/subjective recurrence rates.
METHODS: The study performed was a single-surgeon retrospective review of prospectively collected data. LSH/LSC ± VMR were performed between July 2005 and September 2022. Primary investigated outcome was patients' satisfaction, assessed using the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) score and the bother visual analog scale (VAS) obtained postoperatively (at a 1-month interval and on a 6-month/yearly basis thereafter). We looked for a correlation between the level of satisfaction (as reflected by the VAS) and potential determinants.
RESULTS: There were 355 patients with a mean age of 62 ±12 years. Nearly all the patients (94.3%) had a stage 3 or 4 prolapse according to the POP-Q classification. The mean postoperative bother VAS was 1.8, with only 12.7% of patients reporting a bother VAS score ≥ 3/10, indicating a dissatisfaction. PGI-I showed improvement in the vast majority of patients (96.4% scoring 1 to 3). Patients with anal incontinence preoperatively scored higher on the bother VAS postoperatively (r=0.175, p < 0.05). The use of a posterior arm mesh (for posterior vaginal prolapse) correlated with better satisfaction overall (r= -0.178, p = 0.001), whereas the performance of VMR was associated with a bothering sensation (r = 0.232, p < 0.001). A regression analysis confirmed the impact of posterior mesh and VMR on satisfaction levels, with odds of dissatisfaction being 2.18 higher when VMR was combined with LSH/LSC.
CONCLUSIONS: Posterior mesh use improves patient satisfaction when the posterior compartment is affected. In patients with concomitant vaginal and rectal prolapse, combining VMR with anterior LSC/LSH appears to negatively impact patients' satisfaction. Preoperative anal incontinence was demonstrated to be a risk factor for postoperative dissatisfaction.
The Asprion group was required to follow the same protocol as the 57Fe experimental group, with the exception of taking A. Oryzae containing (8 mg natural abundace Fe and 2 mg 58Fe. Meals composition was similar to ferrous sulafte group.
The presence of an intellectual disability (ID) alongside autism is considered to increase the risk for mental health and behavior problems in children and adolescents. Existing evidence is restricted by looking at ID as a categorical classification. The study aimed to examine the association of cognitive and adaptive behavior skills with internalizing and externalizing problems in a large sample of autistic children and adolescents, across a wide range of cognitive skills. Participants were 2759 children and adolescents aged between 4 and 18 years recruited as part of the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC), of whom 709 (approximately 25%) had ID. Multiple regression models examined associations of internalizing and externalizing problems with cognitive and adaptive skills (communication, daily living, and socialization skills). Cognitive skills were not associated with externalizing problems but were associated with more internalizing problems in autistic children without ID (Cog β: 0.126). All adaptive skill domains were inversely associated with externalizing (Communication β: -0.145; Daily-Living β: -0.132; Socialization β: -0.289) and internalizing problems (Communication β: -0.074; Daily-Living β: -0.064; Socialization β: -0.213) in those without ID. Daily living (β: -0.158) and socialization skills (β: -0.104) were inversely correlated with externalizing problems in autistic children with ID, while only socialization problems (β: -0.099) were associated with internalizing problems in this group. Socialization skills were systematically associated with internalizing and externalizing problems across all levels of cognitive functioning. Supporting social skills development may benefit all aspects of child mental health, while recognizing that children with higher cognitive skills are more vulnerable to internalizing problems might assist with earlier identification of these problems.
The present invention relates to a novel human dendritic cell derived immunoglobulin like receptor (HuDIgR). The present invention provides polynucleotide for coding molecules of the protein and a method for producing the protein by recombination technology. The present invention also discloses the applications of an HuDIgR polypeptide and the polynucleotide coding sequence of the polypeptide. The present invention also proves that HuDIg can collect the characteristics of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 SHP-2 and SHIP by phosphorylated tyrosine. The present invention also discloses the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of diseases by molecules resisting the protein. The present invention can be particularly used for diagnosing and treating cancers.
TRODELVY is emetogenic. Nausea occurred in 64% of all patients treated with TRODELVY. Grade 3–4 nausea occurred in 3% of patients.

Vomiting occurred in 35% of all patients treated with TRODELVY. Grade 3–4 vomiting occurred in 2% of these patients.

Premedicate with a two or three drug combination regimen (e.g., dexamethasone with either a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist or an NK1 receptor antagonist as well as other drugs as indicated) for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

Withhold TRODELVY doses for Grade 3 nausea or Grade 3–4 vomiting at the time of scheduled treatment administration and resume with additional supportive measures when resolved to ≤Grade 1 [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].

Additional antiemetics and other supportive measures may also be employed as clinically indicated. All patients should be given take-home medications with clear instructions for prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting.
A polypeptide substance isolated from rat serum which, upon administration to rats incapable of producing PTH (parathyroidectomized rats), produces an increase in the observed bone mineral apposition rate. The substance has been isolated in two forms, a first larger polypeptide having a molecular weight twice that of a second smaller polypeptide. The first eleven amino acids of the sequence of the smaller polypeptide have been determined to be Gly Pro Gly Gly Ala Gly Glu Thr Lys Pro Ile (SEQ ID NO:3). The first seven amino acids of the larger polypeptide have been determined to be Gly Pro Gly Gly Ala Gly Glu (SEQ ID NO:2). The larger polypeptide might be the dimer of the smaller peptide. A nucleic acid probe, based on the amino acid sequence of the rat peptide was used to screen a human liver cDNA fetal library. A polypeptide was thus chemically synthesized according to the sequence Gly Ile Gly Lys Arg Thr Asn Glu His Thr Ala Asp Cys Lys Ile Lys Pro Asn Thr Leu His Lys Lys Ala Ala Glu Thr Leu Met Val Leu Asp Gln Asn Gln Pro (SEQ ID NO:11). The bone apposition rate in rats increases in a dose dependent fashion upon administration of this chemically synthesized compound. A modified polypeptide containing a cysteine alanine substitution was carried synthesized: Gly Ile Gly Lys Arg Thr Asn Glu His Thr Ala Asp Ala Lys Ile Lys Pro Asn Thr Leu His Lys Lys Ala Ala Glu Thr Leu Met Val Leu Asp Gln Asn Gln Pro (SEQ ID NO:13). Some of the bone stimulatory effects of the normal polypeptide were found for the modified polypeptide.
The invention discloses proliferative concave scar cream prepared by pure natural Chinese herbal medicines and a preparation method thereof. The main material mainly comprises the following components of rheum officinale, golden cypress, rhizoma atractylodis, notopterygium root and flowers carthami. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: crushing the main material to mixed powder; and adding an auxiliary material vaseline to allocate to cream. The cream has the effects of promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, resolving hard lump, relaxing the muscles and dispelling wind and dredging collaterals and detoxifying. The cream mainly treats various proliferative concave scars formed by trauma, wound, cold injury, cold injury, scald and the like and has excellent effect. The cream has the advantages that the main material is prepared by pure natural Chinese herbal medicines, free from toxic or side effects, matched in monarch and minister, and simple and convenient to manufacture; the selected traditional Chinese medicines are easy to obtain, low in cost and suitable for wide common patients; the composition is simple and convenient to use without affecting work and life; the cream is attached to the skin without wound, the wound is not deteriorated, the cream is naturally absorbed, and the proliferative concave scar can be specially removed without any pains; the cream clams down the concave scar, restores the complexion, and is excellent in effect and beneficial for beautifying.
Over the years, advancements in antiemetic drugs have improved chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) control. However, despite the antiemetics therapies, in a relevant number of adult patients (∼30 %), CINV is still persistent, leading to several complications, such as electrolyte imbalances, anorexia, and treatment discontinuation. Supportive care interventions have gained credibility in cancer care, helping to improve patients' psycho-physical condition, quality of life, and managing symptoms, including CINV. Physical exercise and tailored nutritional counseling have demonstrated benefits in reducing the severity of nausea and vomiting. Psychological intervention has been postulated as a key approach in controlling anticipatory nausea/vomiting, as well as acupuncture/acupressure has been shown to decrease nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy treatments. In the current review, we aim to provide a clinical update on current prophylactic and delayed antiemetic guidelines for CINV and an overview of the non-pharmacological interventions tested for alleviating CINV in patients with cancer.
The tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) plays a key role in promoting lymphocyte survival, proliferation, and cytokine production. Recent evidence showed that TRAF1 plays opposing roles in monocytes and macrophages where it controls NF-κB activation and limits pro-inflammatory cytokine production as well as inflammasome-dependent IL-1β secretion. Importantly, TRAF1 polymorphisms have been strongly linked to an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, whether and how TRAF1 contributes to RA pathogenesis is not fully understood. Moreover, investigating the role of TRAF1 in driving RA pathogenesis is complicated by its multifaceted and opposing roles in various immune cells. In this study, we subjected wildtype (WT) mice to the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model of RA and injected them intra-articularly with WT- or TRAF1-deficient macrophages. We show that mice injected with TRAF1-deficient macrophages exhibited significantly exacerbated joint inflammation, immune cell infiltration, and tissue damage compared to mice injected with WT macrophages. This study may lay the groundwork for novel therapies for RA that target TRAF1 in macrophages.
A 26-week, randomized, open-label, active-controlled, non-inferiority study was conducted in patients with type 1 diabetes to assess the safety and efficacy of APIDRA (n=339) compared to insulin lispro (n=333) when administered subcutaneously within 15 minutes before a meal. Insulin glargine was administered once daily in the evening as the basal insulin. There was a 4-week run-in period with insulin lispro and insulin glargine prior to randomization. Most patients were Caucasian (97%). Fifty-eight percent of the patients were men. The mean age was 39 years (range 18 to 74 years). Glycemic control, the number of daily short-acting insulin injections and the total daily doses of APIDRA and insulin lispro were similar in the two treatment groups (see Table 7).
Although parental death increases the risks of negative developmental outcomes, some individuals report personal growth, an outcome that has received little attention. We tested a developmental cascade model of postloss growth in 244 parentally bereaved youth (ages 8-16 at baseline) from 156 families who participated in a randomized controlled trial of a family-based intervention, the Family Bereavement Program (FBP). Using five waves of data, the present study examined the prospective associations between the quality of parenting immediately following the FBP and postloss growth 6 and 15 years later, and whether these associations were mediated by changes in intra- and interpersonal factors (mediators) during the initial 11 months following the FBP. The mediators were selected based on the theoretical and empirical literature on postloss growth in youth. Results showed that improved quality of parenting immediately following the FBP was associated with increased support-seeking behaviors and higher perceived parental warmth at the 11-month follow-up, both of which were related to postloss growth at the 6-year follow-up and 15-year follow-up. No support was found for the other hypothesized mediators that were tested: internalizing problems, intrusive grief thoughts, and coping efficacy. To promote postloss growth for parentally bereaved youth, bereavement services should target parent-child relationships that help youth feel a sense of parental warmth and acceptance and encourage youth to seek parental support. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Midazolam in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection contains the benzodiazepine, midazolam. Benzodiazepines are a class of sedative drugs with a known potential for abuse. Abuse is the intentional, non-therapeutic use of a drug, even once, for its desirable psychological or physiological effects.  
  
Misuse is the intentional use, for therapeutic purposes, of a drug by an individual in a way other than prescribed by a health care provider or for whom it was not prescribed. Drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that may include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling drug use (e.g., continuing drug use despite harmful consequences, giving a higher priority to drug use than other activities and obligations), and possible tolerance or physical dependence. Both abuse and misuse may lead to addiction. Midazolam was actively self-administered in primate models used to assess the positive reinforcing effects of psychoactive drugs. Midazolam produced physical dependence of a mild to moderate intensity in cynomolgus monkeys after 5 to 10 weeks of administration. Available data concerning the drug abuse and dependence potential of midazolam suggest that its abuse potential is at least equivalent to that of diazepam.
Patients will start loncastuximab tesirine for maintenance therapy between day 30 and 60 following autoSCT and will receive a total of 6 months of therapy (8 cycles). Patients will receive IV infusion of loncastuximab tesirine 150 μg/kg at Q3W for the first 2 cycles followed by 75 μg/kg at Q3W for the remaining 6 cycles.