anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The initial dose of Gengraf® Capsules (cyclosporine capsules, USP [MODIFIED]) should be 2.5 mg/kg/day. Gengraf® should be taken twice daily, as a divided (1.25 mg/kg BID) oral dose. Patients should be kept at that dose for at least 4 weeks, barring adverse events. If significant clinical improvement has not occurred in patients by that time, the patient's dosage should be increased at 2-week intervals. Based on patient response, dose increases of approximately 0.5 mg/kg/day should be made to a maximum of 4.0 mg/kg/day. 

Dose decreases by 25% to 50% should be made at any time to control adverse events, e.g., hypertension, elevations in serum creatinine (≥ 25% above the patient's pretreatment level), or clinically significant laboratory abnormalities. If dose reduction is not effective in controlling abnormalities, or if the adverse event or abnormality is severe, Gengraf® should be discontinued (see Special Monitoring for Psoriasis Patients). 

Patients generally show some improvement in the clinical manifestations of psoriasis in 2 weeks. Satisfactory control and stabilization of the disease may take 12 to 16 weeks to achieve. Results of a dose-titration clinical trial with Gengraf® indicate that an improvement of psoriasis by 75% or more (based on PASI) was achieved in 51% of the patients after 8 weeks and in 79% of the patients after 16 weeks. Treatment should be discontinued if satisfactory response cannot be achieved after 6 weeks at 4 mg/kg/day or the patient's maximum tolerated dose. Once a patient is adequately controlled and appears stable the dose of Gengraf® should be lowered, and the patient treated with the lowest dose that maintains an adequate response (this should not necessarily be total clearing of the patient). In clinical trials, cyclosporine doses at the lower end of the recommended dosage range were effective in maintaining a satisfactory response in 60% of the patients. Doses below 2.5 mg/kg/day may also be equally effective. 

Upon stopping treatment with cyclosporine, relapse will occur in approximately 6 weeks (50% of the patients) to 16 weeks (75% of the patients). In the majority of patients rebound does not occur after cessation of treatment with cyclosporine. Thirteen cases of transformation of chronic plaque psoriasis to more severe forms of psoriasis have been reported. There were 9 cases of pustular and 4 cases of erythrodermic psoriasis. Long term experience with Gengraf® in psoriasis patients is limited and continuous treatment for extended periods greater than one year is not recommended. Alternation with other forms of treatment should be considered in the long-term management of patients with this lifelong disease.
Nausea and vomiting (NVP) affect most pregnant women. At the severe end of the clinical spectrum, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) can be life-threatening. The condition is fraught with misconceptions that have slowed progress and left women undertreated. Herein, recent scientific advances are presented that dispel common myths associated with HG related to maternal/offspring outcomes, etiology, and evolution. There is now strong evidence that (i) HG is associated with poor outcomes, (ii) a common cause of NVP and HG has been identified, and (iii) NVP is likely a protective evolutionary mechanism that occurs throughout the animal kingdom but is no longer necessary for human survival. Therefore, it is encouraging that we are finally on the cusp of testing treatments that may put an end to unnecessary suffering.
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the outcomes of carotid endarterectomy in individuals with carotid artery stenosis in the context of a tertiary care center.
METHODS: We carried out a retrospective cohort investigation between 2015-2022. Patient data includes demographics, risk factors, preoperative medications, and operative details. The primary outcomes were 30-day postoperative stroke and mortality rates, while the secondary outcome of the study was to assess the morbidity of the procedure.
RESULTS: The mean age of the 54 patients was 66.9±9.88 years, and 57.4% were men. The 30-day stroke rate was 3.7%, and the mortality rate was 1.9%. Most patients did not develop postoperative complications; however, surgical site hematoma was the most common complication encountered (12.9%). Long-term follow-up showed disease regression in 68.5% of patients, with a minority of patients developing ipsilateral restenosis. Admission to an intensive care monitoring unit was the only independent predictor of postoperative complications.
CONCLUSION: This study provided insights into the outcomes of carotid endarterectomy in patients with carotid artery stenosis, emphasizing the importance of careful patient selection and postoperative monitoring. Perioperative risks, including stroke and mortality, were within acceptable limits. Further research incorporating structured and non-structured data for predictive analyses, should explore refining patient profiling and optimizing treatment approaches for different carotid artery stenosis clinical and morphological presentations.
BACKGROUND: Isolated splenic abscesses are rare, but increasingly reported with newer organisms and changes in mechanisms involved. We conducted a comparative review of publications from 1900-1977, 1977-1986, 1987-1995, and 1996-2022.
METHODS: A systematic search in Embase and PubMed resulted in 522 publications (1111 cases). Data was tabulated, analysed, and compared.
RESULTS: Patient demographics and symptoms remain unchanged although more Asian patients were reported. Metastatic infections remain the main cause, but COVID-19-linked and iatrogenic causes post bariatric surgery and splenic artery embolization are increasingly reported. Aerobic organisms remain the commonest (68%), with a variety of exotic organisms reported. Splenectomy remains the definitive treatment, although antibiotics only and percutaneous aspiration/catheter-drainage are increasingly used with reasonable outcomes, with salvage splenectomy for therapeutic failures not having significantly higher mortality than upfront splenectomy.
CONCLUSIONS: Isolated splenic abscesses continue to be uncommon, with diagnosis requiring a high degree of suspicion. Non-surgical options for treatment can sometimes be definitive.
Sixty-seven patients with lumbar degenerative diseases were treated with K-rod dynamic stabilization system. All patients were followed for 2 years.
The present invention relates to a percutaneous absorption preparation for the treatment of dementia wherein the drug-containing layer comprises donepezil or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient and a stabilizer which is either (i) a mixture of a thiocyanate salt and a compound selected from the group consisting of tea catechin, (+)-catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, ascorbic acid, and isoascorbic acid, or (ii) a mixture of monothioglycerol and a compound selected from the group consisting of tea catechin, (+)-catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and ascorbic acid. The present invention provides a percutaneous absorption preparation comprising donepezil that meet the criteria of Procedure 1 and Procedure 2 presented in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia in short-term stress test (70? 48 hours storage), long-term accelerated test 1 (40? relative humidity 75% 1 month storage), and long-term accelerated test 2 (40? relative humidity 75% 3 months storage). The donepezil-containing percutaneous absorption preparation reduces the production of impurities by inhibiting decomposition of donepezil, thereby making it possible to make a percutaneous absorption preparation comprising donepezil with improved stability for long-term preservation.
The present invention relates to pipemidic acid zinc, a synthesis technology thereof, and zinc pipemidate paste thereof, which belongs to the field of heterocyclic compounds taking nitrogen atoms as rings and preparation products for the heterocyclic compounds. The structural formula of the pipemidic acid zinc is a right upper formula. The synthesis technology comprises steps: reacting with pipemidic acids and aqueous alkalis, reacting with pipemidate and zinc salt solution, and rear processing. The zinc pipemidate paste is formed by preparing crude drugs of 0.3 to 5 wt% of pipemidic acid zinc and hydrophilic emulsion base materials. The crude drugs of the pipemidic acid zinc and the paste of the pipemidic acid zinc are mainly used for curing burns, and also used for curing chronic superficial ulcers, sinuses, fistula, operations, traumatic wound surfaces and drug sensitivity skin wound surfaces. The present invention has the advantages of good antibiosis and fast healing. The synthesis technology of the pipemidic acid zinc has the advantages of simpleness, low requirements of reaction conditionds and easy operation.
INTRODUCTION: There is limited evidence as to the effect of sex on the outcomes of patients admitted for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who have a concomitant diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We aimed to determine if there are differences in the outcomes between males and females in these patient populations.
METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Inpatient Sample database and patients were selected using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision (ICD-9 and -10) codes. Hospitalizations for patients with CKD who had STEMI from 2012 to 2020 were included. The primary outcome of interest was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes evaluated included ischemic stroke, major bleeding complications, pressor requirement, permanent pacemaker implantation, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, surgery, pericardiocentesis, mechanical circulatory support, and mechanical ventilation.
RESULTS: A total of 1,283,255 STEMI patients without CKD, 158,715 STEMI patients with CKD, and 22,690 STEMI patients with ESRD were identified and analyzed. Among patients with STEMI and CKD, females demonstrated higher in-hospital mortality compared to male counterparts (16.7% vs. 12.7%, aOR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1.21, p < 0.01). While there was no sex difference in the in-hospital mortality among STEMI patients with ESRD, female patients in this group were less likely to receive coronary artery bypass grafting and mechanical circulatory support.
CONCLUSION: Increased in-hospital mortality rates were shown for females admitted for STEMI with CKD. Among patients with ESRD who had STEMI, females were less likely to receive coronary artery bypass grafting and mechanical circulatory support. Further research needs to be conducted to better explain this said difference in outcomes.
Households in this group will not receive any water treatment or storage intervention during the study. They will continue their usual water collection and storage practices. If our study shows that treatment and safe storage of tubewell water at the household level is effective in protecting children's health, they will receive the same safe water storage container as Groups 1 and 2 as well as a six-month supply of water treatment tablets at the end of the study.
The prospective portion of study will utilize investigational PET acquisitions in addition to standard of care PET imaging to develop and optimize PET acquisition post-processing techniques as well as to generate preliminary and comparative data for potential clinical trials. These post-processing techniques include but are not limited to visual inspection of lesions, normal tissue, sentinel nodes and imaging artifacts, semi-quantitative analysis including the use of rating schemes, and using various published methods for image post-processing. The PET methodologies we plan to use as part of this study will allow us to obtain morphological, functional and molecular information. Patients receiving a standard of care PET will be asked by study personnel if they are interested in undergoing additional investigational acquisitions before or after their standard of care imaging. If the patient agrees, he/she will remain on the same PET scanner for up to an additional 30 minutes while more images are obtained. Each patient will be imaged for no longer than 2 hours (standard of care imaging and additional investigational imaging). A routine clinical report will be generated for the clinically indicated PET by a nuclear medicine physician. Once this routine clinical PET scan is dictated and finalized, a study team member will obtain the report via IHIS and manually remove all identifiers. This report is being obtained for comparative purposes. All the data being compared will be coded using a unique study number. The retrospective portion of this study will involve the review of pre-existing data from January 1, 2001 through December 5, 2017. The data to be reviewed/analyzed includes PET imaging data that has been previously collected in the course of standard clinical care. The PET imaging acquisitions obtained from the retrospective review will be utilized as a comparison to the investigational images obtained during the prospective portion of this study. The criteria that will be utilized to determine how the retrospective data will be utilized includes the following parameters: type of imaging study, diagnosis, age in decades, gender, and availability of data in the imaging archive.
The study is designed as a prospective, multi-centric, open-label, randomized, active-controlled trial. ADHD-children and adolescents of both sexes, 6-17 of age, effectively treated with stimulants are recruited in two centres. Over a naturalistic run-in phase of four weeks adherence to medication taken before randomisation is measured. In the subsequent controlled clinical trial 50% of the participants are randomized to extended release (ER) methylphenidate (Medikinet retard®) applied with breakfast, 50% are randomized to immediate release (IR) methylphenidate (Medikinet®) in the morning and 3-4 h later (clinical trial). To optimize ecological validity, no double-dummy technique is applied; the allocation to either study arm is non-blinded.

According to the power calculation 106 patients will be randomized. The total duration of the study is 18 months. Starting with a run-in visit, each eligible patient is observed in the naturalistic run-in phase for four weeks. Subsequently, patients participate 100 days in the clinical trial starting with a baseline visit, an in between-visit and a final visit. Medical care is provided in the routine program of both study centres. To record the adherence, medication events are counted by Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS).
Patients included in the analysis were affected by metastatic prostate cancer with \>/=70 years old. All patients underwent Taxane treatment starting with standard treatment schedules (75 mg/m2 or 25 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, respectively). Chemotherapy with Docetaxel was scheduled for a total of 6-8 cicles in the mHSPC-mCRPC setting, respectively, and up to 9 cycles for Cabazitaxel treatment.

Indication to taxane chemotherapy was based on treating physician choice. G8 Questionnaires were collected before start and at the end of chemotherapy. Charlson comorbidity index was recorded for all patients before chemotherapy start. Data comprehensive of age, castrate resistant status , type of taxane used , Growth factors use during treatment, previous and following treatment with ARTAs or other taxanes, number of cycles administered, dose reductions , treatment suspension and treatment definitive interruptions unrelated to progressive disease, were collected and reported. Logistic regression was performed to explore the association between outcomes and baseline age, CCI and G8 score. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves analysis was performed to look for the optimal cut-off value for features significantly associated with treatment outcomes.
PRCIS: The combination of phacoemulsification, goniosynechialysis and goniotomy is an effective treatment for primary angle closure glaucoma patients with cataract, and this is not linked to the extent of preoperative peripheral anterior synechiae.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of the extent of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) on the effectiveness and safety of combined phacoemulsification (PEI), goniosynechialysis (GSL), and goniotomy (GT) in eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and cataract.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included patients diagnosed with PACG and cataracts who underwent combined PEI and 120 degrees GSL plus GT (PEI+GSL+GT) between April 2020 and October 2022 at 10 ophthalmic institutes. Eligible patients were divided into 3 groups based on the extent of PAS: 180°≤PAS<270°, 270°≤PAS<360°, and PAS=360°. Data on intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of ocular hypotensive medications, and complications were collected and compared. The study defined complete success as postoperative IOP within the 6-18 mm Hg range and a 20% reduction from baseline without the use of topical medications. Qualified success was defined in the same way as complete success, but it allowed for the use of ocular hypotensive medications.
RESULTS: Three hundred four eyes of 283 patients were included. The mean follow-up was 12.50±1.24 months. All groups experienced a significant reduction in IOP after the surgery ( P <0.05). There were no significant differences in final IOP, number of medications, and cumulative complete and qualified success rates among the 3 groups ( P >0.05). The groups with 270°≤PAS<360°had a higher frequency of hyphema compared with 180°≤PAS<270° ( P = 0.044).
CONCLUSIONS: PEI+GSL+GT has proven to be an effective treatment for PACG with cataracts over a 1 year period. However, the outcome was not correlated with the preoperative extent of PAS.
Participants will receive up to an oral dose 2 of LY4100511 and single dose of midazolam and repaglinide. Dosing will not proceed until a satisfactory review of the safety and tolerability data from lower dose level is performed.
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is prevalent in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are markers of CKD progression and participate in the occurrence and development of liver diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of DILI in CKD have not been established. Herein, we demonstrate the involvement of Cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in DILI induced by AOPPs is exacerbated by exposure to acetaminophen (APAP). We used a adenine-induced CKD model, a model of DILI induced by APAP, and the AOPPs model was generated by intraperitoneal injection. The decline in renal function was associated with a significantly increased concentration of Scr, BUN and AOPPs, and renal tissue fibrosis. The ALT, AST, and AOPPs levels and liver tissue necrosis increased significantly in CKD model group compared with the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCNa) group. In the AOPPs model, compared to the PBS controls, ALT, AST, and AOPP levels, and liver tissue necrosis increased significantly. In HepG2 or L0-2 cell lines, cell survival was significantly reduced in the AOPP + APAP treatment and CYP2E1 protein expression was increased. FPS-ZM1 or NAC attenuated the hepatocyte toxicity induced by AOPP + APAP and suppression of CYP2E1 expression. AOPPs exacerbated APAP-induced DILI through CYP2E1 signaling pathways. Protein uremic toxins, such as AOPPs, can modify drug toxicity in patients with CKD. This study provides new a rationale to reduce the generation of DILIs in clinical treatment in patients with CKD. AOPPs targeting may present a novel approach to reduce the occurrence of DILI.
Participants be exposed to an additional 100 minutes of standing per week. Participants will do this by standing for 20 minutes Monday through Friday.
PURPOSE: A pharmaceutical composition containing ethylacetate fraction of Trachelospermi caulis dry extract is provided to ensure improved anti-inflammation effect and use in preventing and treating inflammatory diseases. CONSTITUTION: A composition for preventing and treating inflammatory disease contains ethylacetate fraction of Trachelospermi caulis dry extract. The Trachelospermi caulis dry extract contains 0.05-12 weight% of arctigenin. The Trachelospermi caulis dry extract is obtained by extracting with methanol or ethanol. The ethylacetate fraction of the Trachelospermi caulis dry extract contains 6-20 weight% of arctigenin. A method for producing the ethylacetate fraction comprises: a step of dissolving Trachelospermi caulis dry extract and mixing ethylacetate in dissolved solution to separate water and ethylacetate; a step of collecting ethylacetate layer; and a step of removing solvent from the ethylacetate layer and concentrating to contain 0.05-12 weight% of arctigenin content.
BACKGROUND: While shared decision making is a cornerstone of orthopedic care, orthopedic surgeons face challenges in tailoring their advice and expectation management to individual shoulder arthroplasty patients due to the lack of systematically summarized evidence-based knowledge. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on independent predictive effects of patient-related factors on functional and pain-related outcomes after shoulder arthroplasty.
METHODS: We included longitudinal cohort studies including patients receiving total or reverse shoulder arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis or cuff tear arthropathy. Studies with only univariable analyses were excluded. MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases were last searched on June 27, 2023. Risk of bias was evaluated using the QUIPS tool. For the analyses, we divided outcomes into three domains (Functional Recovery, Pain, and Functional Recovery & Pain) and four time points (short term, medium-short term, medium-long term and long term). When appropriate, meta-analyses were conducted to pool regression coefficients or odds ratios. Otherwise, results were summarized in a qualitative analysis. We used the GRADE approach to rate the certainty of the evidence.
RESULTS: Thirty-three studies analyzing over 6900 patients were included; these studied 16 PROMs and 52 prognostic factors. We could perform meta-analyses for six combinations of prognostic factor, domain, and time point. Only the meta-analysis for medium-long term poor ASES scores indicated worse outcomes for previous shoulder surgery (OR (95%CI) of 2.10 (1.33-3.33)). The majority of reported factors showed unclear or neutral independent effects on functional outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Methodological heterogeneity and selective/incomplete reporting prevented us from pooling most results, culminating in a largely qualitative analysis. Depression, preoperative opioid use, preoperative ASES and SST scores, surgery on the dominant side, previous surgery, male gender, no. of patient-reported allergies, back pain, living alone, CTA vs OA, diabetes, and greater preoperative external ROM predicted neutral to worse or worse outcomes. In contrast, higher electrical pain threshold on the operative side, OA/RCA vs other diagnosis, and private insurance vs Medicaid/Medicare predicted neutral to better or better outcomes. These results can help orthopedic surgeons tailor their advice and better manage expectations.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42021284822.