anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Acute respiratory failure is one the most common reason for admission and mechanical ventilation is the most frequent procedure performed in the intensive care unit (ICU). After extubation, oxygen therapy is commonly used to correct residual impairment in oxygenation. Oxygen therapy is usually performed via a Venturi mask allowing to deliver predetermined oxygen concentrations. The face mask is used in the place of nasal cannula in part because patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) breath preferentially through an open mouth rather than the nose. The mask may, however, reduce comfort and patients with ARF, who are often agitated and poorly cooperative, may displace or self-remove the mask. Given that oxygen delivered to the patient is dry, clinical practice guidelines recommend humidifying the oxygen when above 4 l/min in the ICU setting, because the humidification function of the nasal mucosa can be insufficient at high oxygen flow rates and/or the critically ill patient with ARF often breathes through the mouth. Breathing dry oxygen could provoke dryness of the mouth, nose, throat and respiratory tract, resulting in discomfort and pain that are frequent in the ICU setting. Breathing dry air by the nose may also lead to the alteration of the mucociliary transport system and cause an increase of airway resistance in healthy subjects. However, there are no recommendations concerning the type of humidification device to use.

High-flow oxygen therapy is commonly practiced in the ICU. Recently, a method was described in which high-flow oxygen is delivered through a nasal cannula with an active humidification system that optimizes oxygen administration in patients with ARF (Optiflow, Fisher \& Paykel, New Zealand). This system has several theoretical advantages. The delivery of high flows decreases dilution of the inhaled oxygen and, by matching patient's peak flow, allows accurate delivery of the set FiO2 throughout the whole inspiratory phase. In addition, a flow-dependent effect of continuous positive airway pressure, possibly due to an air entrainment mechanism, has been documented in healthy volunteers and in patients with COPD. Lastly, the use of high humidity levels may prevent damage to the ciliated epithelium of the airways, maintain mucociliary system activity, and facilitate the elimination of secretions. Through these effects, this new device for high-flow oxygen therapy has the potential to be effective and to improve tolerance to the treatment more than conventional systems for oxygen therapy, such as the Venturi mask.

In the present randomized, controlled trial, the investigators will compare two devices for oxygen therapy, nasal high-flow oxygen therapy and the standard Venturi mask, in critically ill patients who need oxygen in the post-extubation period. The hypothesis is that nasal high-flow is superior to the Venturi mask in terms of oxygenation
Long-term administration of NSAIDs has resulted in renal papillary necrosis and other renal injury. Renal toxicity has also been seen in patients in whom renal prostaglandins have a compensatory role in the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug may cause a dose-dependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may precipitate overt renal decompensation. Patients at greatest risk of this reaction are those with impaired renal function, heart failure, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics and ACE inhibitors, and the elderly. Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the pretreatment state. 

Advanced Renal Disease

In clinical studies, the elimination half-life of flurbiprofen was unchanged in patients with renal impairment. Flurbiprofen metabolites are eliminated primarily by the kidneys. Elimination of 4'- hydroxy-flurbiprofen was reduced in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment. Therefore, treatment with Flurbiprofen tablet, USP is not recommended in these patients with advanced renal disease. If Flurbiprofen tablet, USP therapy must be initiated, close monitoring of the patients renal function is advisable (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). 

Anaphylactoid Reactions

As with other NSAIDs, anaphylactoid reactions may occur in patients without known prior exposure to Flurbiprofen tablet, USP. Flurbiprofen tablet, USP should not be given to patients with the aspirin triad. This symptom complex typically occurs in asthmatic patients who experience rhinitis with or without nasal polyps, or who exhibit severe, potentially fatal bronchospasm after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and PRECAUTIONS, Preexisting Asthma). Emergency help should be sought in cases where an anaphylactoid reaction occurs.
Follicle hormones are isolated from urine or preparations made therefrom, or from other starting materials such as placenta extract or extracts from vegetable matter, by first removing volatile phenols, as by steam distillation, then dissolving the residue in a solvent not miscible with water, extracting the solution with alkali hydroxide solution which takes up the hormones but not the neutral constituents, and finally causing the hormones to react with an acylating agent, isolating the acylation product and saponifying it to yield the hormones.  According to an example a hormone extract from mares' urine is steam distilled and dissolved in ether and the ethereal solution is extracted with caustic potash lye.  The alkaline solution is treated with p-toluene sulpho-chloride and the reaction mixture is extracted with ether.  The ether solution is evaporated to remove the solvent and the residue boiled with methanolic potassium hydroxide solution, then largely diluted with water and sodium chloride is added.  The solution is extracted with ether and the ethereal extract is washed and then extracted with potassium hydroxide solution.  The alkaline extract is then acidified to precipitate the hormone.  Specification 401,205, [Group VI], is referred to.ALSO:Follicle hormones are isolated from urine or preparations therefrom, or from other starting materials such as placenta extract or extracts from vegetable matter, by first removing volatile phenols, as by steam distillation, then dissolving the residue in ether or other solvent not miscible with water, extracting the solution with alkali hydroxide solution which takes up the hormones but not the neutral constituents, and finally causing the hormones to react with an acylating agent, isolating the acylation product and saponifying it to yield the hormones. Specification 401,205 is referred to.
Half of the hospitals will be allocated to start the 90-day test period using Normal Saline administered as 500 or 1000 ml boluses or infusions as specified by the treating physicians. After a 1 week run out, half of participating hospitals will have up to 2 weeks to switch out stock then will be crossed over to using Ringer's Lactate following a 1 week run in as 500 or 1000 ml boluses or infusions as specified by the treating physicians for the final 90-day test period.
The shark cartilage extracts have antiangiogenous, direct tumourproliferation, antiphlogistic and anticollagenolytic activity, and the method is simplified and highly effective. By it, homogenate of cartilage in aqueous solution is produced. The homogenate is centrifuged and is further fractionated until the preparation of a  common extract having molecules with molecular weight from 0 to 500 KDa. The liquid extract composition is tested in the further fractionation to the preliminary chracteristics of some of its components determining its biological activity to a large number of diseases or conditions, especially in tumour proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation and collagenolysis. The extract has no unfavourable effect on the normal functions of the body. 15 claims, 19 figures
The Immediate Start group will participate in the Preventing Loss of Independence through Exercise (PLIE) group movement program for 1 hour, 2-3 days/week, for 4 months. After the intervention has been completed, they will be encouraged to maintain PLIE activities on their own for the next 4 months.
### Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category B.

The safety of acarbose in pregnant women has not been established. Reproduction studies have been performed in rats at doses up to 480 mg/kg (corresponding to 9 times the exposure in humans, based on drug blood levels) and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to acarbose. In rabbits, reduced maternal body weight gain, probably the result of the pharmacodynamic activity of high doses of acarbose in the intestines, may have been responsible for a slight increase in the number of embryonic losses. However, rabbits given 160 mg/kg acarbose (corresponding to 10 times the dose in man, based on body surface area) showed no evidence of embryotoxicity and there was no evidence of teratogenicity at a dose 32 times the dose in man (based on body surface area). There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies of acarbose in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of the human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Because current information strongly suggests that abnormal blood glucose levels during pregnancy are associated with a higher incidence of congenital anomalies as well as increased neonatal morbidity and mortality, most experts recommend that insulin be used during pregnancy to maintain blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible.
There has been virtually no experience with overdosage with ZANTAC Injection and limited experience with oral doses of ranitidine. Reported acute ingestions of up to 18 g orally have been associated with transient adverse effects similar to those encountered in normal clinical experience (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). In addition, abnormalities of gait and hypotension have been reported.

When overdosage occurs, clinical monitoring and supportive therapy should be employed.

Studies in dogs receiving dosages of ZANTAC in excess of 225 mg/kg/day have shown muscular tremors, vomiting, and rapid respiration. Single oral doses of 1,000 mg/kg in mice and rats were not lethal. Intravenous LD50 values in mice and rats were 77 and 83 mg/kg, respectively.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a micturition promoter, comprising an essence of a plant body of a plant belonging to the genus Kochia of the family Chenopodiaceae, having ultrahigh safety and mild actions and suitable for preventing the onset of diseases due to protracted micturition such as cardiac infarction. SOLUTION: This micturition promoter comprises an essence (preferably an aqueous extract) of a plant body (preferably a fruit) of a plant belonging to the genus Kochia of the family Chenopodiaceae. The objective promoter is preferably perorally administered in a daily dose for an adult of 100-10000mg divided in several portions. The essence is preferably obtained by a method for adding a solvent in an amount of 0.5-10 times based on the plant body thereto and immersing the plant body therein at ambient temperature for several days or at a temperature near the boiling point of the solvent for several hr. Although the objective promoter can be blended with a food composition, e.g., a candy, a food and drink, e.g., a juice or a medicinal composition, e.g. a tablet, the promoter is preferably blended in the food and drink composition.  The amount thereof blended is preferably 5-30wt.% based on the composition.
The invention discloses a Zhuang drug for treating dementia. The Zhuang drug comprises the following raw materials: radix fici simplicissimae, talinum paniculatum, sharpleaf galangal fruit, acorus calamus, blumea balsamifera, cassia twig, and rheum officinale. Radix fici simplicissimae has the functions of invigorating the spleen and stomach, and dredging the fluid passages. Talinum paniculatum has the functions of moistening the lung, stopping coughing, invigorating the spleen, and tonifying deficiency. Sharpleaf galangal fruit has the functions of warming the kidney, arresting polyuria, and securing essence. Acorus calamus has the functions of refreshing and improving the intelligence. Blumea balsamifera can dispel the wind evil and free collaterals and plays as an auxiliary drug. Cassia twig has the functions of warming and freeing channels, reinforcing yang, and removing gas. Rheum officinale can cool the blood and remove toxin and is the main component. The components mentioned above are used together to generate functions of resolving phlegm, eliminating stasis, inducing resuscitation, and freeing the collaterals. The clinic results show that the provided Zhuang drug has the functions of resolving phlegm, eliminating stasis, inducing resuscitation, and freeing the collaterals, is capable of prominently improving the symptoms of dementia, can promote the recovery of normal functions of patients, and has the advantages of definite, rapid, and stable curative effect, and no side or toxic effect.
In mice, repeated IP administration of thiotepa (1.15 or 2.3 mg/kg three times per week for 52 or 43 weeks, respectively) produced a significant increase in the combined incidence of squamous-cell carcinomas of the skin, preputial gland, and ear canal, and combined incidence of lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia. In other studies in mice, repeated IP administration of thiotepa (4 or 8 mg/kg three times per week for 4 weeks followed by a 20 week observation period or 1.8 mg/kg three times per week for 4 weeks followed by a 35 week observation period) resulted in an increased incidence of lung tumors. In rats, repeated IP administration of thiotepa (0.7 or 1.4 mg/kg three times per week for 52 or 34 weeks, respectively) produced significant increases in the incidence of squamous-cell carcinomas of the skin or ear canal, combined hematopoietic neoplasms, and uterine adenocarcinomas. Thiotepa given intravenously (IV) to rats (1 mg/kg once per week for 52 weeks) produced an increased incidence of malignant tumors (abdominal cavity sarcoma, lymphosarcoma myelosis, seminoma, fibrosarcoma, salivary gland hemangioendothelioma, mammary sarcoma, pheochromocytoma) and benign tumors. 

The lowest reported carcinogenic dose in mice (1.15 mg/kg, 3.68 mg/m2) is approximately 7-fold less than the maximum recommended human therapeutic dose based on body-surface area. The lowest reported carcinogenic dose in rats (0.7 mg/kg, 4.9 mg/m2) is approximately 6-fold less than the maximum recommended human therapeutic dose based on body-surface area.
The invention discloses use of 5,6,7,4'-tetra-acetoxyl flavone for preparing a medicine for preventing and curing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, relating to the medical field. The pharmacological tests show that the 5,6,7,4'-tetra-acetoxyl flavone can obviously improve behavior disorders of cerebral ischemic rat, reduce the area of cerebral infarction, improve the cerebral ischemia symptoms, and obviously protect the cerebral ischemia damages. The rat platelet aggregation can be obviously inhibited so as to inhibit the forming of thrombus in vivo. The 5,6,7,4'-tetra-acetoxyl flavone with different dosages can reduce the viscosity of whole blood of the rat, viscosity of plasma and hematokrit. The 5,6,7,4'-tetra-acetoxyl flavone can prolong the mouse blood coagulation time, has the dose-dependence, and can reducethe positive rate of rat myocardial ischemia caused by the pituitrin. The 5,6,7,4'-tetra-acetoxyl flavone is further featured with low toxicity and high safety, and has good application foreground for treating and preventing the cardiovascular disease.
OBJECTIVES: Café-au-lait macules (CALM) are benign birthmarks presenting as uniformly pigmented, well demarcated, brown patches that can be distressing to patients, especially when located in cosmetically sensitive areas. As with all pigmentary lesions in skin of color patients, CALMs have been particularly challenging to treat. Here we present the first case series characterizing treatment parameters and clinical outcomes utilizing the 730-nm picosecond titanium sapphire laser for the treatment of CALMs. This device provides an additional safe and effective treatment option for these challenging cases.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of patients treated at a single institution between April 2021 and December 2023. Clinical photographs were graded by 3 outside board-certified dermatologists using a 5-point visual analog scale.
RESULTS: Fourteen patients (age range: 10 months-66 years, mean age: 27.4 years, Fitzpatrick skin types II-VI) were treated for CALM on the face (11) or body (3). On average, patients received 4.3 treatments, with treatment intervals ranging from 4 to 40 weeks. Treatment remains ongoing with the 730-nm picosecond laser for eight patients. Overall, patients were rated to have a mean improvement of 26%-50%. Two patients (FST III and VI) achieved 100% clearance after 4-5 treatment sessions. Our study included four patients whose CALM were of the smooth bordered "coast of California" subtype, three of whom had a mean improvement rating of only 1%-25%. The fourth patient had near complete resolution. Follow up for these patients has ranged from 6 weeks to 1.5 years. Of the patients treated, one patient experienced transient post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and another transient post-inflammatory hypopigmentation, while a third patient experienced mild persistent guttate hypopigmentation. Three patients experienced partial recurrence indicating that maintenance treatments may be needed in some patients.
CONCLUSION: The 730-nm picosecond titanium sapphire laser is a safe and efficacious treatment option, in the right morphologic setting, to improve the cosmetic appearance of CALMs in a wide range of ages and skin types. To our knowledge, this is the first reported treatment of CALMs with picosecond lasers in FST V and VI patients. Our study also supports prior studies which have found that CALM with smooth-bordered "coast of California" morphology have a poor response to laser therapy as compared to those with jagged or ill-defined bordered "coast of Maine" morphology.
FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to anaesthesiology and obstetrics, and can be used for anesthesia in spontaneous labor. That is ensured by inhalation administration of sevoflurane. Preparation is introduced with preserving the spontaneous respiration of the parturient woman constantly until attempts appears, changing the concentration of sevoflurane depending on the period of labor. Introduction of sevoflurane is initiated with development of regular labor activity, opening of uterine cleft 3–4 cm, preparation concentration 1.2–1.5 % in oxygen flow 5–6 l/min using semi-closed contour. In 8–10 minutes, concentration of the preparation is reduced to 1 %, and the oxygen flow is reduced to 3–4 l/min and the introduction is continued until the cervix is fully opened. Further, the concentration of the preparation is increased to 1.2–1.5 %, and the oxygen flow is increased to 5–6 l/min, and the introduction is continued until attempts are made. That is followed by switching to a discrete regimen of preparation starting 1–2 minutes before the contraction and terminating the contraction in the culmination period while preserving spontaneous breathing of the parturient at the concentration of preparation 1.5 % in the oxygen flow of 5–6 l/min until the eruption of the head.EFFECT: method provides adequate anesthesia, gentle delivery, prevention of complications caused by high doses of anesthetic, due to obtaining stable concentration of anesthetic by inhalation during inhalation of sevoflurane-oxygen mixture, reduced consumption of anesthetic in semi-closed respiratory circuit.1 cl, 3 tbl, 2 ex
The study of aquaporins (AQPs) in various forensic fields has offered a promising horizon in response to the need to have reliable elements for the identification of the manner of death and for the individuation of forensic markers for the timing of lesions and vitality of injury. In the literature, various tissues have been studied; the most investigated are the lungs, brain, kidneys, skin, and blood vessels. A systematic literature review on PubMed following PRISMA 2020 guidelines enabled the identification of 96 articles. In all, 34 of these were enrolled to identify Aquaporin-like (AQP-like) forensic markers. The analysis of the literature demonstrated that the most significant markers among the AQPs are as follows: for the brain, AQP4, which is very important in brain trauma and hypoxic damage; AQP3 in the skin lesions caused by various mechanisms; and AQP5 in the diagnosis of drowning. Other applications are in organ damage due to drug abuse and thrombus dating. The focus of this review is to collect all the data present in the literature about the forensic application of AQPs as forensic markers in the most important fields of application. In the current use, the individuation, validation, and application of markers in forensic investigation are very useful in real forensic applications in cases evaluated in court.
A stable, self-preserving, antimicrobial, composition suitable for the treatment of a variety of dermal as well as subcutaneous conditions. The compositions include as an active ingredient a quaternary ammonium compound, preferably benzethonium chloride, potentiated and synergized with menthyl lactate cooling agent in a cationic carrier. Optionally, a phenoxyethanol preservative and chlorhexidine digluconate antibacterial agent may be used to assist in enhancing the activity. The compositions kill a broad spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, fungus and yeasts. The compositions are used as first aid skin treatments and as skin sanitizers to help prevent bacterial contamination of minor cuts, scrapes and burns. The compositions are particularly useful when applied to the skin after hair removal in that they additionally cool, soothe and moisturize the skin. The compositions may also serve as a base vehicle in which additional skin care ingredients may be added to provide additional functionality to the compositions.
BACKGROUND: Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a member of neural guidance factor family well-known for inducing the collapse of nerve cell growth cone and regulating nerve redistribution. It also has been characterized as an immunoregulatory and tumor promoting factor. Our previous study showed that Sema3A was involved in the regulation of sympathetic innervation and neuropathic pain of endometriosis. Nevertheless, the role of Sema3A in the development of endometriosis and its potential upstreaming factor are still not clear.
METHODS: Histology experiments were carried to detect the expression of Sema3A, hypoxia -inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and the distribution of macrophages. Cell experiments were used to explore the effect of Sema3A on the proliferation and migration of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and to confirm the regulatory action of HIF-1α on Sema3A. In vivo experiments were carried out to explore the role of Sema3A on the development of endometriosis.
RESULTS: Sema3A was highly expressed in endometriotic lesions and could enhanced the proliferation and migration abilities of ESCs. Aberrant macrophage distribution was found in endometriotic lesions. Sema3A also promoted the differentiation of monocytes into anti-inflammatory macrophages, so indirectly mediating the proliferation and migration of ESCs. Hypoxic microenvironment induced Sema3A mRNA and protein expression in ESCs via HIF-1α. Administration of Sema3A promoted the development of endometriosis in a mouse model.
CONCLUSIONS: Sema3A, which is regulated by HIF-1α, is a promoting factor for the development of endometriosis. Targeting Sema3A may be a potential treatment strategy to control endometriotic lesions.