anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: Economic evaluations of public health interventions like sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes face difficulties similar to those previously identified in other public health areas. This stems from challenges in accurately attributing effects, capturing outcomes and costs beyond health, and integrating equity effects. This review examines how these challenges were addressed in economic evaluations of SSB taxes.
METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to identify economic evaluations of SSB taxes focused on addressing obesity in adults, published up to February 2021. The methodological challenges examined include measuring effects, valuing outcomes, assessing costs, and incorporating equity.
RESULTS: Fourteen economic evaluations of SSB taxes were identified. Across these evaluations, estimating SSB tax effects was uncertain due to a reliance on indirect evidence that was less robust than evidence from randomised controlled trials. Health outcomes, like quality-adjusted life years, along with a healthcare system perspective for costs, dominated the evaluations of SSB taxes, with a limited focus on broader non-health consequences. Equity analyses were common but employed significantly different approaches and exhibited varying degrees of quality.
CONCLUSION: Addressing the methodological challenges remains an issue for economic evaluations of public health interventions like SSB taxes, suggesting the need for increased attention on those issues in future studies. Dedicated methodological guidelines, in particular addressing the measurement of effect and incorporation of equity impacts, are warranted.
Migraine is a common, chronic disorder, which presents with recurrent episodes of disabling headache and affects approximately 12% of American adults.1,2 No biomarkers exist to identify episodic or chronic migraine sufferers; and the diagnosis relies solely on clinical criteria. Further the full pathophysiology of migraine has not been fully delineated, although our understanding of migraine pathophysiology has dramatically improved over the past 15 years. Current theories suggest that migraine is a neurovascular disorder, with the pain of migraine a result of the release of inflammatory neuropeptides from nerve endings in the activated trigeminal system (neurogenic inflammation), ultimately resulting in vasodilation, plasma extravasation and mast cell degranulation.3-6 Several inflammatory markers have been implicated in the pathway resulting in the neurogenic inflammation of migraine including calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), neurokinin A, and multiple cytokines such as interleukin (IL) -1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α).5,7-10 More recent research supports that the odds of migraine are increased in those who are obese and that several adipose tissue derived cytokines (adipocytokines) may contribute to the neurogenic inflammation of migraine, including leptin and adiponectin. In one small pilot study of 33 participants evaluating chronic and episodic migraineurs as compared to controls, adiponectin (an adipocytokine) was significantly elevated in chronic migraineurs as compared to controls. A second study reported low levels of another adipocytokine, leptin in episodic migraineurs. However, all of these studies have evaluated only 3 to 4 of cytokines at the same time point and 11 none have evaluated adipocytokines during an acute attack. We hypothesize that obesity-related cytokines contribute to the neurogenic inflammation of migraine and have the potential be useful as biomarkers for episodic and chronic migraine as well as new drug targets for the treatment of migraine. To this end we propose to evaluate serum levels of obesity-related cytokines in migraineurs, ictally (during an acute migraine attack), following treatment with sumatriptan/naproxen sodium (Treximet®) and interictally (at baseline) when pain free.
The wait-list control group will follow existing practice (i.e. using no hearing aids or using hearing aids other than the smart hearing aids) for 6 weeks and then use the smart hearing aids for 6 weeks.
The invention discloses a type of low-modification biocompatible high-molecular sulfhydrylation-modified derivatives. The derivatives have low sulfhydrylation modification degree, such that initial structures, physiological functions and biocompatibilities of biocompatible high-molecules are maintained with a maximal extent. With the introduced sulfhydryl groups, chemical cross-linking can be effectively carried out, such that biocompatible high-molecular cross-linking materials with low cross-linking degrees can be prepared. The invention also discloses a type of disulphide-bond cross-linked biocompatible high-molecular cross-linking materials with low cross-linking degrees. With the materials, initial structures, physiological functions and biocompatibilities of biocompatible high-molecules are maintained with a maximal extent. Also, in-vivo metabolism of the biocompatible high-molecules is effectively retarded; and in-vivo dissolubility of the biocompatible high-molecules is reduced. Therefore, the materials can well satisfy requirements of clinical medical applications. The invention also relates to a purpose of the disulphide-bond cross-linked biocompatible high-molecular cross-linking materials in medical science and pharmacy.
The invention discloses a processing technology of pummelo peel decoction pieces. The dried shaddock slices are put in water vapor at the temperature of 110-130 ℃ for 30-75 min, and then the softened slices are dried. In the method, the dried shaddock slices are quickly softened by steam under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, have uniform brown stain color, are quickly dried by microwave drying, and are finally pressed to be smooth and flat. The processing method adopts modern technologies such as high-pressure steam softening, microwave drying and rolling, and controls parameters of each step to obtain decoction pieces with best effect. The processing process has short period, and no loss of components is caused in the processing process. The decoction pieces prepared by the processing method have high component (flavone, polysaccharide and total solid) release efficiency, smooth and flat surfaces, good appearance and good antioxidant ability.
Research on dietary fatty acids (FAs) and lung health has reported skeptical findings. This study aims to examine the causal relationship between circulating FAs and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) onset and exacerbation, using a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Strong and independent genetic variants of FAs were obtained from the UK Biobank of European ancestry. The exposure traits included saturated FA (SFA), poly- and mono-unsaturated FA (PUFA and MUFA), omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and linoleic acid (LA), all expressed as total FA (TFA) percentages. Summary statistics for COPD outcomes were obtained from the FinnGen consortium including COPD, COPD hospitalization, COPD/asthma-related infections, COPD-related respiratory insufficiency, and COPD/asthma/interstitial lung disease (ILD)-related pneumonia. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was the primary MR approach. MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO were utilized to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy. MR-PRESSO tests suggested no obvious horizontal pleiotropy. MR results by the IVW approach indicated that the genetically high SFA/TFA levels were associated with an increased risk of COPD/asthma/ILD-related pneumonia (OR: 1.275, 95%CI: 1.103-1.474, p for FDR = 0.002). No significant relationship was observed between other types of FAs and COPD outcomes. Our MR analysis suggests that there is weak evidence that the genetically predicted high SFA/TFA was associated with an increased risk of pneumonia.
A sterile solution of one to three individual phages (cocktail) (3 x 10\^8 plaque forming units \[PFU\]) phage(s) will be administered intravesicularly (instilled into the participant's bladder via catheter) twice a day for 7 days. The name of the active treatment IP is TAILФR Phage Cocktail (TPC).
PCT No. PCT/FR96/01642 Sec. 371 Date Aug. 20, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Aug. 20, 1998 PCT Filed Oct. 21, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/17055 PCT Pub. Date May 15, 1997The present invention relates to the use in cosmetics of rigid gels containing at least 20% by weight of one or more water-soluble or hydrophilic gelling agent(s) which may be obtained from the said water-soluble or hydrophilic gelling agent in the presence of water by mixing, blending, compression and extrusion in a twin-screw extruder. These gels constitute novel pharmaceutical forms for cosmetic or dermatological use. These gels are generally in the form of sticks, pencils or cakes. They may be aqueous with a matrix consisting of an aqueous gelled network. They may be in anhydrous form with a matrix consisting of a dehydrated gelled network. They may constitute many products in solid form applied to making up, to care of and/or to treatment of the skin, the scalp, the hair or the mucous membranes, or alternatively applied to the hygiene of the body, the skin, the scalp, the hair or the mucous membranes.
Cocaine HCl 10% Topical Solution, up to 4 mL, is applied for 20 minutes via cotton or rayon pledget(s), then the nasal site is tested with a Von Frey (or equivalent) filament (Size 5.88, about 60 grams of force) to determine and record whether the subject has a pain score of 0 (zero) (0 = No Pain, 10 = Unbearable pain) after treatment application compared to the Von Frey filament test right before treatment application. If a pain score of 0 (zero) is recorded the application then proceed with the diagnostic procedure or surgery along with safety monitoring for at least 90 minutes post removal of pledgets, and, the subject will be followed for safety for at least seven days post solution application. The total number of pledgets used, and the amount of Cocaine HCl 10% topical solution used (1 mL per pledget) will be recorded.
When a patient is diagnosed with a lung lesion, the differential diagnosis is important, since the treatment is determined by the lesion character. The goal in the evaluation of solitary pulmonary lesions is to distinguish malignant lesions from benign lesions in as non-invasive a manner as possible. As computed tomography is widely used, the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary lesions has become easier. The size, features of the edges, shape, internal structure (calcification, fat content, cavitation, etc.), density, satellite nodule, growth rate and contrast involvement of the lesion are important properties which help to distinguish benign lesions from malignant ones. However, as the distinction is not absolute at all times, other imaging methods such as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance are preferred. The importance of this issue is the high five-year survival rate in early-diagnosed lung cancer cases.

Diffusion is the randomized microscopic motion of water molecules. It is known that diffusion is a sensitive parameter of tissue characterization at a microscopic level. Nowadays, diffusion is measured in vivo with diffusion weighted MRI and ADC measurements.

Diffusion weighted imaging has a wide use on oncologic patients for the purpose of diagnosis. In addition, it is used in the distinction of acute cerebral infarction and epidermoid or arachnoid cysts. Recently, it has also been used in the characterization of cystic or solid lesions in the thoracic cavity. In this study, the investigators aimed to evaluate the accuracy of differentiation of solitary pulmonary lesions.
Asciminib will be administered 200 mg twice a day orally. The minimum dose is 200 mg, and maximum dose is 400 mg.
Variants of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) and expression cassettes encoding the FVIII variants thereof are described. A variant FVIII includes a glycoepitope of the FVIII protein including an N2118Q mutation. The N2118Q mutation can be combined with other mutations including a BDD-FVIII, N6, V3, RH, furin-cleavage site deletion, X10, K12, and/or F309S mutation to form additional FVIII variants. The FVIII variants with the N2118Q mutation and expression cassettes thereof can result in reduced immunogenicity of the resulting protein. When combined with other FVIII mutations, higher gene expression, increased secretion, increased stability, and higher FVIII functional activity can be achieved by the expressed FVIII variants. The variant FVIII and expression cassettes described here can be useful in protein replacement therapy and/or gene therapy for the treatment of hemophilia A.
PURPOSE:An inhibitor of blood platelet aggregation, having excellent inhibitory action on blood platelet aggregation and safety, comprising a benzylchroman derivative as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION:A benzylchroman derivative shown by the formula (R is H, or OH) is used as an inhibitor of blood platelet aggregation. The compound shown by the formula is obtained from Sappan lignum of Chinese herbal remedies, to be added to Tsudosan, Sobokuyu, etc. of Chinese herbal remedies. Sappan lignum is obtained by dying heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L. of leguminous plant. The compound shown by the formula, for example, can be obtained by extracting Sappan lignum with an organic solvent such as ether, chloroform, acetone, etc. or water, removing the solvent, treating the residue by column chromatography such as silica gel, alumina, etc. The compound shown by the formula has excellent inhibitory action on blood platelet aggregation, high safety, and is useful as an inhibitor of blood platelet aggregation.
Mutants lacking functional HYD2 homoeologs showed improved seedling growth, but comparable or increased susceptibility to salt stress in tillering plants, suggesting a developmentally restricted role of HYD2 in salt response. Salinity stress threatens global food security by reducing the yield of staple crops such as wheat (Triticum ssp.). Understanding how wheat responds to salinity stress is crucial for developing climate resilient varieties. In this study, we examined the interplay between carotenoid metabolism and the response to salt (NaCl) stress, a specific form of salinity stress, in tetraploid wheat plants with mutations in carotenoid β-hydroxylase 1 (HYD1) and HYD2. Our investigation encompassed both the vulnerable seedling stage and the more developed tillering stage of wheat plant growth. Mutant combinations lacking functional HYD2 homoeologs, including hyd-A2 hyd-B2, hyd-A1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2, hyd-B1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2, and hyd-A1 hyd-B1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2, had longer first true leaves and slightly enhanced root growth during germination under salt stress compared to the segregate wild-type (control) plants. Interestingly, these mutant seedlings also showed decreased levels of neoxanthin and violaxanthin (xanthophylls derived from β-carotene) and an increase in β-carotene in roots. However, tillering hyd mutant and segregate wild-type plants generally did not differ in their height, tiller count, and biomass production under acute or prolonged salt stress, except for decreases in these parameters observed in the hyd-A1 hyd-B1 hyd-A2 hyd-B2 mutant that indicate its heightened susceptibility to salt stress. Taken together, these findings suggest a significant, yet developmentally restricted role of HYD2 homoeologs in salt-stress response in tetraploid wheat. They also show that hyd-A2 hyd-B2 mutant plants, previously demonstrated for possessing enriched nutritional (β-carotene) content, maintain an unimpaired ability to withstand salt stress.
Among patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), 50-80% will develop peritoneal fibrosis, and 0.5-4.4% will develop life-threatening encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS). Here, we investigated the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) on the TGF-β- and PDGF-B-driven processes of peritoneal fibrosis. EVs were isolated from the peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) of children receiving continuous ambulatory PD. The impact of PDE-EVs on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and collagen production of the peritoneal mesothelial cells and fibroblasts were investigated in vitro and in vivo in the chlorhexidine digluconate (CG)-induced mice model of peritoneal fibrosis. PDE-EVs showed spherical morphology in the 100 nm size range, and their spectral features, CD63, and annexin positivity were characteristic of EVs. PDE-EVs penetrated into the peritoneal mesothelial cells and fibroblasts and reduced their PDE- or PDGF-B-induced proliferation. Furthermore, PDE-EVs inhibited the PDE- or TGF-β-induced EMT and collagen production of the investigated cell types. PDE-EVs contributed to the mesothelial layer integrity and decreased the submesothelial thickening of CG-treated mice. We demonstrated that PDE-EVs significantly inhibit the PDGF-B- or TGF-β-induced fibrotic processes in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that EVs may contribute to new therapeutic strategies to treat peritoneal fibrosis and other fibroproliferative diseases.
Participants received rituximab 250 milligram per meter square (mg/m\^2) by intravenous infusion on Day 1. If required by the governing regulatory agency, rituximab was to be followed 4 hours later by In-111-Zevalin 5.0 millicurie (mCi) on Day 1. And on Days 7-9: participants received rituximab 250 mg/m\^2 by intravenous infusion, followed 4 hours later by Y-90-Zevalin 0.4 millicurie/kilogram (mCi/kg) 10-minute intravenous push (0.3 mCi/kg in participants with a platelet count in 100,000/ microliter \[μL\] to 149,000/μL).
Objective.Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most threatening cardiovascular diseases. This paper aims to explore a method for using an algorithm to autonomously classify MI based on the electrocardiogram (ECG).Approach.A detection method of MI that fuses continuous T-wave area (C_TWA) feature and ECG deep features is proposed. This method consists of three main parts: (1) The onset of MI is often accompanied by changes in the shape of the T-wave in the ECG, thus the area of the T-wave displayed on different heartbeats will be quite different. The adaptive sliding window method is used to detect the start and end of the T-wave, and calculate the C_TWA on the same ECG record. Additionally, the coefficient of variation of C_TWA is defined as the C_TWA feature of the ECG. (2) The multi lead fusion convolutional neural network was implemented to extract the deep features of the ECG. (3) The C_TWA feature and deep features of the ECG were fused by soft attention, and then inputted into the multi-layer perceptron to obtain the detection result.Main results.According to the inter-patient paradigm, the proposed method reached a 97.67% accuracy, 96.59% precision, and 98.96% recall on the PTB dataset, as well as reached 93.15% accuracy, 93.20% precision, and 95.14% recall on the clinical dataset.Significance.This method accurately extracts the feature of the C_TWA, and combines the deep features of the signal, thereby improving the detection accuracy and achieving favorable results on clinical datasets.
The present invention provides double stranded compositions wherein one of the strands is useful in, for example, influencing the preferential loading the opposite strand into the RISC (or cleavage) complex. In particular, the present invention provides oligomeric compounds that comprise chemical modifications in at least one of the strands to drive loading of the opposite strand into the RISC (or cleavage) complex. Such modifications can be used to increase potency of duplex constructs that have been modified to enhance stability. Examples of chemical modifications that drive loading of the second strand include, but are not limited to, MOE (2′-O(CH 2 ) 2 OCH 3 ), 2′-O-methyl, -ethyl, -propyl, and —N-methylacetamide. Such modifications can be distributed throughout the strand, or placed at the 5′ and/or 3′ ends to make a gapmer motif on the sense strand. The activity of the 4′-thio gapmer RNA antisense strand can be improved by incorporating alternating MOE or MOE gapmer motif into the sense strand.
Process for preparing a biologically active composition having a slow rate of release of active agent in which an aq. medium containing a water soluble or water suspended active agent is emulsified in an oil phase. The osmolality of the aq. solution is selected so as to obtain suitable delayed release. Delayed release is controlled by the oil phase of the emulsion acting as a membrane. Emulsions are stabilised using a suitable detergent. Prolonged release of biologically active agents, such as isoprenaline sulphate, chloroquine diphosphate, sodium methotrexate, arvin, ethidium bromide, sodium salicylate, sodium warfarin, neostigmine methyl sulphate, chlorpromazine HCl, methadone HCl, benzyl penicillin, ferrous sulphate, pentavlon, cephaloridine, nicotinamide, procaine penicillin, vinblastin, methadone HCl, adrenaline acid tartrate, morphine HCl, insulin, and heparin.
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Causative pathogenic microbes readily mutate their genome and lead to outbreaks, challenging the healthcare and the medical support. Understanding how certain symptoms manifest clinically is integral for therapeutic decisions and vaccination efficacy/protection. Notably, the interaction between infecting pathogens, host response and co-presence of microbes influence the trajectories of disease progression and clinical outcome. The spectrum of observed symptomatic patients (mild, moderate and severe) and the asymptomatic infections highlight the challenges and the potential for understanding the factors driving protection/susceptibility. With the increasing repertoire of high-throughput tools, such as cutting-edge multi-omics profiling and next-generation sequencing, genetic drivers of factors linked to heterogeneous disease presentations can be investigated in tandem. However, such strategies are not without limits in terms of effectively integrating host-pathogen interactions. Nonetheless, an integrative genomics method (for example, RNA sequencing data) for exploring multiple layers of complexity in host-pathogen interactions could be another way to incorporate findings from high-throughput data. We further propose that a Holo-transcriptome-based technique to capture transcriptionally active microbial units can be used to elucidate functional microbiomes. Thus, we provide holistic perspective on investigative methodologies that can harness the same genomic data to investigate multiple seemingly independent but deeply interconnected functional domains of host-pathogen interaction that modulate disease severity and clinical outcomes.
A method of separating out carbon nanotubes having substantially the same diameter is disclosed which includes the steps of: providing a sample of carbon nanotubes; separating individual nanotubes within the sample (for example by the addition of a surfactant), and mixing with a solution comprising fibrous protein fibrils so that at least some individual nanotubes form a complex with the protein fibrils, and separating out those nanotubes which have formed a complex. Preferably the protein is collagen. The separation of the nanotube/protein complex may be achieved by centrifugation or by fractionation. The mixing step may use ultrasonication. The separated nanotubes can be used in the fields of electronics, medical and materials science. Also disclosed are a carbon nanotube substantially surrounded by protein fibrils, a carbon nanotube/protein complex including a biosensor within the nanotube, the use of a combined preparation of fibrous protein and carbon nanotubes in therapy, for example in treating arthritis.