anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: In an era characterized by rapid progression in neurosurgical technologies, traditional tools such as the non-navigated two-dimensional intraoperative ultrasound (nn-2D-IOUS) risk being overshadowed. Against this backdrop, this study endeavors to provide a comprehensive assessment of the clinical efficacy and surgical relevance of nn-2D-IOUS, specifically in the context of glioma resections.
METHODS: This retrospective study undertaken at a single center evaluated 99 consecutive, non-selected patients diagnosed with both high-grade and low-grade gliomas. The primary objective was to assess the proficiency of nn-2D-IOUS in generating satisfactory image quality, identifying residual tumor tissue, and its influence on the extent of resection. To validate these results, early postoperative MRI data served as the reference standard.
RESULTS: The nn-2D-IOUS exhibited a high level of effectiveness, successfully generating good quality images in 79% of the patients evaluated. With a sensitivity rate of 68% and a perfect specificity of 100%, nn-2D-IOUS unequivocally demonstrated its utility in intraoperative residual tumor detection. Notably, when total tumor removal was the surgical objective, a resection exceeding 95% of the initial tumor volume was achieved in 86% of patients. Additionally, patients in whom residual tumor was not detected by nn-2D-IOUS, the mean volume of undetected tumor tissue was remarkably minimal, averaging at 0.29 cm3.
CONCLUSION: Our study supports nn-2D-IOUS's invaluable role in glioma surgery. The results highlight the utility of traditional technologies for enhanced surgical outcomes, even when compared to advanced alternatives. This is particularly relevant for resource-constrained settings and emphasizes optimizing existing tools for efficient patient care. NCT05873946 - 24/05/2023 - Retrospectively registered.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a royal jelly-decomposing enzyme most suitable for obtaining decomposed products having a high physiological activities such as a functional peptide, etc., from the royal jelly in a good efficiency, and to provide a material containing a royal jelly-decomposing enzyme.  <P>SOLUTION: This material containing royal jelly-decomposing enzyme is prepared by a method including the following processes from the 2-3 day old queen bee larvae of Apis mellifera: (a) a process of centrifugal treatment of the suspension of body tissues of the queen bee larvae at ≤6°C so as to separate to an upper layer of white solid form, a middle layer of solution and a lower layer of precipitate; and (b) a process of recovering the middle layer as the material containing royal jelly-decomposing enzyme. The royal jerry-decomposing enzyme is characterized by being contained in the above material containing royal jerry-decomposing enzyme. The royal jelly-decomposed products are prepared by using the material containing royal jelly-decomposing enzyme or the royal jelly-decomposing enzyme. The method for decomposing the royal jelly is characterized by using the material containing royal jelly-decomposing enzyme or the royal jelly-decomposing enzyme.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
In healthy normotensive subjects, single oral doses of ropinirole hydrochloride in the range 0.01 to 2.5 mg had little or no effect on supine blood pressure and pulse rates. Upon standing, ropinirole hydrochloride caused decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at doses above 0.25 mg. In some subjects, these changes were associated with the emergence of orthostatic symptoms, bradycardia, and, in one case, transient sinus arrest with syncope. With repeat dosing and slow titration up to 4 mg once daily in healthy volunteers, postural hypotension or hypotension-related adverse events were noted in 13% of subjects on ropinirole hydrochloride and none of the subjects on placebo.

The mechanism of postural hypotension induced by ropinirole hydrochloride is presumed to be due to a D2-mediated blunting of the noradrenergic response to standing and subsequent decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. Nausea is a common concomitant symptom of orthostatic signs and symptoms.

At oral doses as low as 0.2 mg, ropinirole hydrochloride suppressed serum prolactin concentrations in healthy male volunteers.

Ropinirole hydrochloride had no dose-related effect on ECG wave form and rhythm in young, healthy, male volunteers in the range of 0.01 to 2.5 mg.

Ropinirole hydrochloride had no dose- or exposure-related effect on mean QT intervals in healthy male and female volunteers titrated to doses up to 4 mg/day. The effect of ropinirole hydrochloride on QT intervals at higher exposures achieved either due to drug interactions or at doses used in Parkinson’s disease has not been systematically evaluated.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by fibrosis and inflammation in renal tissues. Several types of cell death have been implicated in CKD onset and progression. Unlike traditional forms of cell death, PANoptosis is characterized by the crosstalk among programmed cell death pathways. However, the interaction between PANoptosis and CKD remains unclear. Here, we used bioinformatics methods to identify differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed PANoptosis-related genes (DE-PRGs) using data from the GSE37171 dataset. Following this, we further performed gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis using the data. We adopted a combined approach to select hub genes, using the STRING database and CytoHubba plug-in, and we used the GSE66494 as a validation dataset. In addition, we constructed ceRNA, transcription factor (TF)-gene, and drug-gene networks using Cytoscape. Lastly, we conducted immunohistochemical analysis and western blotting to validate the hub genes. We identified 57 PANoptosis-associated genes as DE-PRGs. We screened nine hub genes from the 57 DE-PRGs. We identified two hub genes (FOS and PTGS2) using the GSE66494 database, Nephroseq, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. A common miRNA (Hsa-miR-101-3p) and three TFs (CREB1, E2F1, and RELA) may play a crucial role in the onset and progression of PANoptosis-related CKD. In our analysis of the drug-gene network, we identified eight drugs targeting FOS and 52 drugs targeting PTGS2.
OBJECTIVES: Acute atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF/AFL) are common arrhythmias treated in the emergency department (ED). The 2021 CAEP Best Practices Checklist provides clear recommendations for management of patients with acute AF/AFL. This study aimed to evaluate physician compliance to Checklist recommendations for risk assessment and ED management of AF/AFL.
METHODS: This health records review assessed the management of adult patients presenting to two tertiary care EDs for management of acute AF/AFL from January to August, 2022. All ECGs demonstrating AF/AFL with a heart rate greater than 100 were compiled to capture primary and secondary causes. All visits were assessed for rate and rhythm control management, adverse events, return to ED, and safety criteria. Study physicians classified safety criteria from the Checklist into high and moderate concerns. The primary outcome was the proportion of cases with safety concerns and adverse events occurring during management in the ED. Data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: We included 429 patients with a mean age of 67.7 years and 57.1% male. ED management included rate control (20.4%), electrical (40.1%), and pharmacological (20.1%) cardioversion. Adverse events occurred in 9.5% of cases: 12.5% in rate control, 13.4% in electrical cardioversion, and 6.9% in pharmacologic cardioversion. Overall, 7.9% of cases had management safety concerns. Moderate safety concerns occurred in 4.9% of cases including failure to attain recommended heart rate at time of discharge (3.9%). Severe concerns were identified in 3.0% of cases including failure to cardiovert unstable patients (1.2%). The 30-day return-to-ED rate was 16.5% secondary to AF/AFL.
CONCLUSION: ED management of AF/AFL was consistent with the CAEP Checklist and was safe overall. Opportunities for optimizing care include attaining recommended targets during rate control, avoidance of calcium channel and beta blockers in patients with systolic dysfunction, and earlier cardioversion for clinically unstable patients.
A composition of 18-methoxy coronarine salt (18-MC) in a pharmaceutical carrier in an amount effective for treating substance use disorders. A method of treating a substance use disorder by administering to a subject an effective amount of 18-methoxy coronarine salt (18-MC) in a pharmaceutical carrier and preventing substance abuse in the subject. A method for preventing an addictive behavior in an individual. A method for preventing craving of an individual. A composition of metabolites of 18-MC salts. A method of treating a substance use disorder by administering to a subject an effective amount of a metabolite of an 18-MC salt in a pharmaceutical carrier and preventing substance abuse in the subject. A composition having various pharmacokinetic profiles as shown.
A therapeutic preparation for external use to maintain body surfaces at approximately their normal degree of acidity comprises a finely divided carboxylic cation exchange resin dispersed in a hydrophilic base which is an ointment, cream or paste, said resin giving a pH in aqueous 0.15 N salt solution between 3 and 5.5.  The preparation contains 5 to 35, preferably 10 to 25, and optionally 15-25, per cent of the resin.  The resin may be prepared by copolymerizing maleic anhydride and styrene in the presence of a polyunsaturated compound such as divinylbenzene, trivinylbenzene, ethylene diacrylate or diallyl maleate, fumarate or itaconate, or by copolymerizing acrylic or methacrylic acid with such a polyunsaturated compound.  Some of the carboxy groups in the resin may be combined with a basic drug or form a salt with a therapeutic inorganic cation, e.g. copper and zinc.  Cation exchange resins with mixed sulphonic and carboxylic groups may be used, especially when sulphonic group is in salt form with e.g. sodium, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc or amine. Ointment bases may be made with stearic acid, waxes, spermaceti, cetyl alcohol, lanolin or oils dispersed in an aqueous medium with e.g. ethanolamine soaps, sodium dodecyl sulphate, glyceryl monolaurate, glycol monolaurate or glyceryl monostearate.  Glycerol, ethoxy ethanol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, perfume and preservatives may also be present.  Other bases are (a) aqueous solutions of thickening agents such as tragacanth, karaya gum, quince seed gum, Irish moss, pectin, alginates, cellulose ethers and polyethylene glycols, as such, with further additions as above, (b) starch-glycerol or methyl cellulose-glycerol pastes and (c) aqueous dispersions of bentonite.  Specified therapeutic substances are: salicylic acid, benzoic acid, tannic acid, sulphur, phenol, resorcinol, camphor, menthol, eucalyptol, methylsalicylate; sulphonamides, e.g. sulphathiazole; local anaesthetics, e.g. benzocaine, butacaine or procaine; antibiotics such as streptomycin, pencillin, tyrothricin, aureomycin or subtilin; antihistamines, e.g. N-a -pyridyl-N-benzyl-N1, N1 dimethylethylene diamine; vaso-constrictors, e.g. privine (naphthmethylimidoazoline) hydrochloride and adrenaline; vaso dilators, e.g. belladonna; zinc oxide, calomel, calamine, white precipitate, and aluminium salts; oil of cade, undecylenic acid. Specification 709,091 is referred to.
BACKGROUND: The association between weight loss and subsequent functional decline is uncertain. The study aims to elucidate the association between weight loss over a year and subsequent functional decline requiring assistance in performing their activities of daily living in older individuals.
METHODS: The study used data from the publicly funded Long-Term Care Insurance service in Japan, which provides coverage for long-term care services for individuals unable to perform activities of daily living due to physical or cognitive impairment. The study enrolled people born in or before 1949, who underwent health checkups in both 2014 and 2015. The participants were followed from 2015 to the worsening of functional decline requiring long-term care services, death, or February 28, 2019, whichever occurred first. The risk of subsequent functional decline in each weight loss category was estimated using a Cox regression model adjusted for age, sex, baseline body mass index, smoking, and Charlson comorbidity index.
RESULTS: We identified 67,452 eligible individuals from the database. The median follow-up period was 1,284 days. The hazard ratios (95 % confidence interval) of functional decline for -1 %, -2 %, -3 %, -4 %, and ≤-5% weight change compared to 0 % weight change were 1.17 (1.03-1.32), 1.26 (1.11-1.43), 1.29 (1.12-1.49), 1.61 (1.39-1.87), and 1.79 (1.58-1.99), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Older people with weight loss of 1 % or more were at risk of functional decline. Close weight monitoring may serve as an easy and inexpensive means of identifying older individuals at risk of functional decline.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents the predominant cancer in pediatric populations, though its occurrence in adults is relatively rare. Pre-treatment risk stratification is crucial for predicting prognosis. Important factors for assessment include patient age, white blood cell (WBC) count at diagnosis, extramedullary involvement, immunophenotype, and cytogenetic aberrations. Minimal residual disease (MRD), primarily assessed by flow cytometry following remission, plays a substantial role in guiding management plans. Over the past decade, significant advancements in ALL outcomes have been witnessed. Conventional chemotherapy has remarkably reduced mortality rates; however, its intensive nature raises safety concerns and has led to the emergence of treatment-resistant cases with recurrence of relapses. Consequently, The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several novel treatments for relapsed/refractory ALL due to their demonstrated efficacy, as indicated by improved complete remission and survival rates. These treatments include tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody blinatumomab, anti-CD22 inotuzumab ozogamicin, anti-CD20 rituximab, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Identifying the variables that influence treatment decisions is a pressing necessity for tailoring therapy based on heterogeneous patient characteristics. Key predictive factors identified in various observational studies and clinical trials include prelymphodepletion disease burden, complex genetic abnormalities, and MRD. Furthermore, the development of serious adverse events following treatment could be anticipated through predictive models, allowing for appropriate prophylactic measures to be considered. The ultimate aim is to incorporate the concept of precision medicine in the field of ALL through valid prediction platform to facilitate the selection of the most suitable treatment approach.
Intervention: One dose of pembrolizumab 200 mg (week 1) followed in by lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) dosed at the maximum tolerated dose determined in Part A in week 3, dosed at the maximum tolerated dose determined in Part A. Treatment with pembrolizumab 200 mg will be continued given every 3 weeks.
INTRODUCTION: Standard medical intervention for chronic pain may be less effective in the presence of co-occurring PTSD. Functional restoration programs (FRPs), which combine psychological interventions and progressive exercise rehabilitation, represent an alternative to standard medical intervention for chronic pain. The objective of the current study is to evaluate a FRP serving Active Duty Service Members with chronic pain and to examine whether co-occurring PTSD symptoms are associated with differential treatment response.
METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study of data previously collected at Naval Medical Center San Diego approved by the Naval Medical Center San Diego Institutional Review Board. The study included 81 Active Duty Service Members, primarily Sailors and Marines, who completed a FRP, and examined pre- to post-treatment changes in Pain Impact Score-a composite measure of pain intensity, pain interference, and physical functioning-as well as measures of mental health and pain cognitions. Co-occurring PTSD symptoms were examined as a potential moderator of treatment response.
RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (28.4%) screened positive for PTSD during baseline assessments. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed statistically significant improvement in Pain Impact Score for the full sample (P <.001). Although no significant interactions with probable PTSD were demonstrated for measures of pain intensity and physical functioning (both Ps >.05), patients screening positive for PTSD demonstrated a lesser decrease in pain interference compared to patients screening negative for PTSD (P <.01). Improvements in measures of mental health and pain cognitions were also statistically significant for the full sample (all P values <.05) and did not differ as a function of PTSD symptoms (all P values >.05).
CONCLUSION: This FRP primarily serving Sailors and Marines contributed to broad overall improvements in the domains of pain and functioning as well as mental health and pain cognitions. Co-occurring PTSD symptoms were not associated with poorer treatment response on most measured outcomes.
Participants completed 2 nights of unfragmented sleep followed by 3 nights of experimentally-fragmented sleep during high estradiol (E2) phase of their menstrual cycle (Sleep Block 1). A subset of participants repeated these procedures in an experimentally-induced low-E2 state (Sleep Block 2).
PURPOSE: A composition containing an aloe vera gel and propolis detoxifying effect is provided. Therefore, it promotes the excretion of benzo(a)pyrene, nicotine or the like, exhibits an excellent effect on the study in a biological indicator of factors related with blood disease and can detoxify toxic material caused by various pollutants, environmental hormone and smoking. CONSTITUTION: A composition for detoxifying toxic material contains 10 to 90% by weight of aloe vera and 90 to 10% by weight of propolis, based on the total weight of the composition. It also reduces a disease indicator in blood such as creatinine, bilirubin or glucose. It is a food composition selected from the group consisting of a beverage, tea, ice cream, candy, jelly, bread, rice cake and noodles. It is administered in an amount of 10 to 5,000mg/day.
Absorption of topiramate is rapid, with peak plasma concentrations occurring at approximately 2 hours following a 400 mg oral dose. The relative bioavailability of topiramate from the tablet formulation is about 80% compared to a solution. The bioavailability of topiramate is not affected by food. 

The pharmacokinetics of topiramate are linear with dose proportional increases in plasma concentration over the dose range studied (200 to 800 mg/day). The mean plasma elimination half-life is 21 hours after single or multiple doses. Steady state is thus reached in about 4 days in patients with normal renal function. Topiramate is 15% to 41% bound to human plasma proteins over the blood concentration range of 0.5 to 250 µg/mL. The fraction bound decreased as blood concentration increased. 

Carbamazepine and phenytoin do not alter the binding of topiramate. Sodium valproate, at 500 µg/mL (a concentration 5 to 10 times higher than considered therapeutic for valproate) decreased the protein binding of topiramate from 23% to 13%. Topiramate does not influence the binding of sodium valproate. 

Metabolism and Excretion 

Topiramate is not extensively metabolized and is primarily eliminated unchanged in the urine (approximately 70% of an administered dose). Six metabolites have been identified in humans, none of which constitutes more than 5% of an administered dose. The metabolites are formed via hydroxylation, hydrolysis, and glucuronidation. There is evidence of renal tubular reabsorption of topiramate. In rats, given probenecid to inhibit tubular reabsorption, along with topiramate, a significant increase in renal clearance of topiramate was observed. This interaction has not been evaluated in humans. Overall, oral plasma clearance (CL/F) is approximately 20 to 30 mL/min in humans following oral administration.
FIELD: food-production industry. SUBSTANCE: concentrate represents dehydrated tubers of Jerusalem artichoke with content of carbohydrates equal to 35-90%, proteins up to 7%, and water 14%. Novel product is characterized by high content of micro and macro elements of silicon, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium. This allows for application of aforesaid product in various forms for example as biologically-active additive to food-stuffs, as base or component of food products and also as primary material for production of inulin for use in biotechnological, medicine, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 1 dwg, 1 tbl
Several series of diverse pyrazole-3-carboxamides functionalized with 4-methylamides, 4-methylcarboxylic acids and 4-methyltetrazoles were prepared from the corresponding 4-cyanomethylpyrazoles and investigated as Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonists and inverse agonists with the aim of making compounds with less CNS (Central Nervous System) mediated side-effects compared to rimonabant. The compounds were evaluated and optimized with respect to lipophilicity, solubility, CB1 potency, metabolism, distribution to brain and liver, effect on weight loss in diet-induced mice models. A few carboxylic acids and tetrazoles were selected as especially promising with the tetrazole TM38837 subsequently demonstrating impressive efficacy in various animal models of obesity, producing considerable weight loss and improvements on plasma markers of inflammation and glucose homeostasis, at doses apparently producing negligible brain exposure. TM38837 became the first peripherally restricted CB1 antagonist or inverse agonist to enter clinical trials supporting its lack of CNS effects and it is now believed that the non-CNS mediated efficacy is linked to high liver exposure. This opens opportunities to be explored in other indications such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH). Note that this is a first-time disclosure of the structure of TM38837 and other structures appearing in literature are not connected with this program.