anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In several solid tumors such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer or melanoma, tumor draining lymph nodes are the earliest tissues where colonization by tumor cells is detected. Lymph nodes act as sentinels of metastatic dissemination, the deadliest phase of tumor progression. Besides hematogenous dissemination, lymphatic spread of tumor cells has been demonstrated, adding more complexity to the mechanisms involved in metastasis. A network of blood and lymphatic vessels surrounds tumors providing routes for tumor soluble factors to mediate regional and long-distance effects. Additionally, extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly small EVs/exosomes, have been shown to circulate through the blood and lymph, favoring the formation of pre-metastatic niches in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and distant organs. In this review, we present an overview of the relevance of lymph node metastasis, the structural and immune changes occurring in TDLNs during tumor progression, and how extracellular vesicles contribute to modulating some of these alterations while promoting the formation of lymph node pre-metastatic niches.
This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of high-intensity focused ultrasound, a noninvasive treatment, for managing urinary incontinence (UI) in women. This is a single-center, retrospective study involving 28 women. Patients, aged between 32 and 65, were included. Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, neurological disease, active urinary tract infection, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, who had incontinence surgery, and receiving estrogen therapy were excluded from the study. Incontinence severity was evaluated with the International Incontinence Consultation Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Patients were evaluated before treatment and 6 months after treatment using the ICIQ-SF and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Assessment short form. In the analysis of numerical variables independent or paired t test or linear mixed effects models were used. Least square means were used in post hoc comparisons. Mean age of the patients was 45.50 ± 7.59 years. There were 18 (64%) stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and 10 (36%) mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). Six months after treatment, mean ICIQ-SF and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Short Form Questionnaire scores showed a significant positive change. After the procedure, UI completely disappeared in 43% of the patients. The rate of severe UI decreased from 39% to 8%, and very severe UI decreased from 8% to 0%. Incontinence severity was significantly different in the MUI and SUI groups before and after the procedure. After the procedure, UI completely disappeared in 67% of the patients in the SUI group, while it remained at a mild level in 33%. The decrease in ICIQ-SF score in the SUI group was significantly higher than that in the MUI group. There were no severe adverse events, in 4 patients there was mild vaginal discharge which resolved in 1 week. This study showed that high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment, can be effective and safe even in a single session. Selection and recall biases are potential biases in retrospective studies. Lacking a control group is another limitation. Although advances in technology are very important for medical treatments, their effectiveness and safety need to be proven. Future research in this area with a larger sample size and a prospective design will offer further evidence supporting effectiveness of this treatment model.
The benefits of social living are well established, but sociality also comes with costs, including infectious disease risk. This cost-benefit ratio of sociality is expected to change across individuals' lifespans, which may drive changes in social behaviour with age. To explore this idea, we combine data from a group-living primate for which social ageing has been described with epidemiological models to show that having lower social connectedness when older can protect against the costs of a hypothetical, directly transmitted endemic pathogen. Assuming no age differences in epidemiological characteristics (susceptibility to, severity and duration of infection), older individuals suffered lower infection costs, which was explained largely because they were less connected in their social networks than younger individuals. This benefit of 'social ageing' depended on epidemiological characteristics and was greatest when infection severity increased with age. When infection duration increased with age, social ageing was beneficial only when pathogen transmissibility was low. Older individuals benefited most from having a lower frequency of interactions (strength) and network embeddedness (closeness) and benefited less from having fewer social partners (degree). Our study provides a first examination of the epidemiology of social ageing, demonstrating the potential for pathogens to influence the evolutionary dynamics of social ageing in natural populations.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Understanding age and society using natural populations'.
RSV is the most common viral cause of serious acute lower respiratory illness (LRI) in infants and children under 5 years of age in the world. RSV illness can range from mild upper respiratory tract illness (URI) to severe LRI, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Severe RSV disease in infancy may also predispose children to develop reactive airway disease during childhood. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an RSV vaccine (RSV LID ΔM2-2) in RSV-seronegative infants and children at least 6 months and through 24 months of age.

To determine study eligibility, the screening process will include a blood collection. At study entry, eligible participants will be randomly assigned to receive one dose of either the RSV vaccine or placebo, which will be delivered as nose drops. Participants will also undergo a review of medical history, clinical assessment, and a nasal wash. They will then receive their assigned vaccine and will remain under observation for monitoring for 30 minutes after receiving the vaccine. Additional study visits will occur at Days 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17, 19, 21, 28, and 56. These visits will include clinical assessments and nasal washes; on Day 56, a blood collection will also occur. On days where no study visit is scheduled (through Day 27), participants' parents or guardians will report participants' temperatures and signs of illness to researchers by e-mail or phone.

In October following vaccination, participants may have a pre-RSV season blood collection visit. During RSV season, November through March following vaccination, researchers will contact participants' parents or guardians on a weekly basis for follow-up monitoring. During this time frame, participants seen by a medical provider for fever, respiratory illness, or otitis media will have a study visit, which will include a nasal wash and clinical assessment. In April following vaccination, participants will undergo a final blood collection.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness. The use of nicotinic agents to mimic the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) controls experimental asthma. Yet, the effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)-induced CAP on allergic inflammation remain unknown.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with house dust mite (HDM) extract and treated with active VNS (5 Hz, 0.5 ms, 0.05-1 mA). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was assessed for total and differential cell counts and cytokine levels. Lungs were examined by histopathology and electron microscopy.
KEY RESULTS: In the HDM mouse asthma model, VNS at intensities equal to or above 0.1 mA (VNS 0.1) but not sham VNS reduced BAL fluid differential cell counts and alveolar macrophages expressing α7 nicotinic receptors (α7nAChR), goblet cell hyperplasia, and collagen deposition. Besides, VNS 0.1 also abated HDM-induced elevation of type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 and was found to block the phosphorylation of transcription factor STAT6 and expression level of IRF4 in total lung lysates. Finally, VNS 0.1 abrogated methacholine-induced hyperresponsiveness in asthma mice. Prior administration of α-bungarotoxin, a specific inhibitor of α7nAChR, but not propranolol, a specific inhibitor of β2-adrenoceptors, abolished the therapeutic effects of VNS 0.1.
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Our data revealed the protective effects of VNS on various clinical features in allergic airway inflammation model. VNS, a clinically approved therapy for depression and epilepsy, appears to be a promising new strategy for controlling allergic asthma.
BACKGROUND: The quality of life (QoL) of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) is severely compromised. Fear of progression (FoP) may be an important predictor of compromising the QoL in PH patients. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the association between QoL and FoP among PH patients.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study comprising 255 patients was conducted using convenience sampling, using the Self-administered socio-demographic information questionnaire, the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire abbreviated version, and the Chinese version of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form. Network analysis was completed using R software.
RESULTS: In the current network model, the QoL in the psychological domain had the highest node centrality (strength = 1.155). The highest bridge centrality node was physiological health-related fear (bridge strength = 0.303). The edge between physiological health-related fear and social family-related fear has the highest strength (edge weights = 0.596).
CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the psychological domain of QoL is likely to be the most dominant in the overall QoL of PH patients. It can serve as a primary focus for QoL management strategies to improve the overall QoL of PH patients. Furthermore, physical health-related fear is an urgent mental health concern to be alleviated in PH patients' FoP. As a bridge variable, physical health-related fear can be used as a potential clinical intervention target for developing and utilizing intervention programs to alleviate the FoP in PH patients, which may help maintain or even enhance the psychological and overall QoL of PH patients.
Trismus commonly arises after surgery for head and neck cancer (HNC) and its severity is potentiated by postoperative radiotherapy. While the benefit of trismus rehabilitation after surgery and radiotherapy is well established, the evidence during radiotherapy is less clear. This may be due to poor adherence to trismus exercises secondary to acute mucositis. This study assessed the feasibility of using a novel trismus device during adjuvant radiotherapy for HNC in patients with acute postoperative trismus. Prospective single-arm cohort feasibility study. Eligible patients had undergone surgery with curative intent for HNC, planned for adjuvant radiotherapy, and were suitable for trismus rehabilitation. Participants completed a 10-week exercise program using a novel jaw stretching device. Study outcomes were adherence, maximal incisal opening (MIO), and trismus-related function and quality of life scores, assessed at baseline, 10 weeks, and 6 months after commencing exercises. Nine patients diagnosed with trismus after primary surgery were recruited. The mean increase in MIO at 10 weeks was 7.8 mm (range -4 to 15 mm, p = 0.03), and at 6 months was 10.6 mm (range 1-26 mm, p = 0.03). Significant improvements were observed in trismus-related quality of life (Gothenburg Trismus Questionnaire; p = 0.04). Adherence to the exercises was 100% in week 1-2, 67% in weeks 3-6, and 100% at 10 weeks (1 month post radiation). This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a novel jaw stretching device during adjuvant radiotherapy. Further evaluation is warranted to assess the effectiveness of early intervention and prevention of trismus during HNC radiotherapy.Level of Evidence: IV.
Given cyclically for short-term use only

For treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with the menopause in patients not improved by estrogen alone. The lowest dose that will control symptoms should be chosen and medication should be discontinued as promptly as possible. Administration should be cyclic (e.g., three weeks on and one week off). Attempts to discontinue or taper medication should be made at three to six month intervals.

Usual Dosage Range

1 capsule-shaped tablet of COVARYX® (1.25 mg/2.5 mg) or 1 to 2 capsule shaped tablets of COVARYX® H.S. (0.625 mg/1.25 mg) daily as recommended by the physician. Treated patients with an intact uterus should be monitored closely for signs of endometrial cancer and appropriate diagnostic measures should be taken to rule out malignancy in the event of persistent or recurring abnormal vaginal bleeding.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the effect of surgery combined with bone perforation for treating stage Ⅱ medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).
METHODS: A total of 21 patients with stage Ⅱ mandibular MRONJ who underwent surgical treatment from June 2020 to June 2023 were included in this study. Retrospective analysis was conducted on their clinical data, including gender, age, primary disease, drug name and administration method, pre-surgery drug cessation, and prognosis. The cohort comprised 14 males and 7 females, with an average age at onset of 68.33±10.74 years. According to the guidelines of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, the included patients had stage Ⅱ mandibular MRONJ. The treatment approach consisted of partial mandibulectomy combined with bone perforation techniques, ensuring tension-free suturing of soft tissues. Follow-up was performed regularly, and the curative effect was evaluated. The SF-12 health survey was used to assess the quality of life for all patients before and after surgery.
RESULTS: A total of 21 patients were followed up for 8-38 months after surgery, and the mucosal healing of 17 patients was good (80.95%). The postoperative quality of life score (83.62±5.90) was significantly higher than that before operation (63.67±4.70, P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Surgery combined with bone perforation te-chnique is an effective treatment method with high success rate in refractory stage Ⅱ MRONT patients.
PIASKY, a complement inhibitor, increases the risk of serious infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Life-threatening and fatal meningococcal infections have occurred in patients treated with complement inhibitors. These infections may become rapidly life-threatening or fatal if not recognized and treated early.

  * Complete or update vaccination for meningococcal bacteria (for serogroups A, C, W, Y, and B) at least 2 weeks prior to the first dose of PIASKY, unless the risks of delaying therapy with PIASKY outweigh the risk of developing a serious infection. Comply with the most current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations for meningococcal vaccination in patients receiving a complement inhibitor. See Warnings and Precautions (5.1) for additional guidance on the management of the risk of serious infections caused by meningococcal bacteria.
  * Patients receiving PIASKY are at increased risk for invasive disease caused by N. meningitidis, even if they develop antibodies following vaccination. Monitor patients for early signs of serious meningococcal infections and evaluate immediately if infection is suspected.



Because of the risk of serious meningococcal infections, PIASKY is available only through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) called PIASKY REMS [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
RETRO-mapping was developed to automate activation mapping of atrial fibrillation (AF). We used the algorithm to study the effect of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) on the frequency of focal, planar, and colliding wavefronts in persistent AF. An AFocusII catheter was placed on the left atrial endocardium to record 3 s of AF at six sites pre and post-PVI in patients undergoing wide circumferential PVI for persistent AF. RETRO-mapping analyzed each segment in 2 ms time windows for evidence of focal, planar, and colliding waveforms and the automated categorizations manually validated. Ten patients were recruited. A total of 360 s of data in 120 segments of 3 s from 60 left atrial locations were analyzed. RETRO-map was highly effective at identifying focal waves and collisions during AF. PVI significantly reduced collision frequency but not focal and planar activation frequency. However, there was a significant reduction in the dispersion of activation directions. Larger studies may help determine factors associated with successful clinical outcome.
BACKGROUND: Approximately 80% of all proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) are non-displaced or minimally displaced fractures, which can be treated with conservative treatment. This study investigated the effect of interferential current (IFC) added to orthopedic rehabilitation on shoulder function, pain, and disability in patients with PHF.
METHODS: This study was a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled conducted in physical medicine and rehabilitation outpatient clinic. Thirty-five patients were randomly separated into the IFC group (n = 18) and the sham group (n = 17). The orthopedic rehabilitation program was applied to all patients by the same physiotherapist three times a week for four weeks. Patients in the IFC group received the intervention for 20 minutes 3 times a week before the exercise. The same pads were performed for the sham group, but no electrical stimulation was applied. Constant-Murley score (CMS) for shoulder function, visual analog scale (VAS) activity pain, disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score, and paracetamol intake were recorded post-treatment, at 6 weeks and 18 weeks post-treatment.
RESULTS: The demographic and fracture characteristics were not different between the groups. Significant differences were observed in the IFC and sham group in intragroup comparisons of total CMS, VAS activity pain, DASH score, and paracetamol intake over time (p < 0.001). Significant improvement over time was valid for all pairwise comparisons in both groups. However, no significant differences were detected between the IFC and sham group.
CONCLUSION: IFC added to orthopedic rehabilitation could not appear to be an electrotherapy modality that could potentially benefit shoulder function and disability in patients with PHF.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative condition among the elderly on a global scale. Research has demonstrated that hypoxia can promote chondrocyte apoptosis and autophagy leading to OA. Hence, it was vital to screen the hypoxia related biomarkers in OA. We introduced transcriptome data to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE114007 and GSE57218 (OA samples vs control samples). We performed differential expression analysis in key annotated cell to obtain differentially expressed marker genes at the single-cell level (GSE169454). Venn diagram was executed to identify hypoxia related differentially expressed genes (HR-DEGs) associated with OA. Further, feature genes were obtained through the application of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and expression level analysis were used to identify hypoxia related biomarkers in OA. We further performed immune infiltration and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) based on hypoxia related biomarkers. Finally, we analyzed the expression of biomarkers in single-cell level. We identified 2351 DEGs associated with OA. At the single-cell level, 242 differentially expressed marker genes were obtained. 12 HR-DEGs were retained venn diagram. Subsequently, three hypoxia related biomarkers (ADM, DDIT3 and MAFF) were identified. Moreover, we got 15 significantly different immune cells. Finally, we found a lower expression of ADM, DDIT3 and MAFF in OA group compared to the control group in ECs. Overall, we obtained three hypoxia related biomarkers (ADM, DDIT3 and MAFF) associated with OA, which established a theoretical basis for addressing OA.
BACKGROUND: Health agencies have been widely adopting social media to disseminate important information, educate the public on emerging health issues, and understand public opinions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) widely used social media platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic to communicate with the public and mitigate the disease in the United States. It is crucial to understand the relationships between the CDC's social media communications and the actual epidemic metrics to improve public health agencies' communication strategies during health emergencies.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify key topics in tweets posted by the CDC during the pandemic, investigate the temporal dynamics between these key topics and the actual COVID-19 epidemic measures, and make recommendations for the CDC's digital health communication strategies for future health emergencies.
METHODS: Two types of data were collected: (1) a total of 17,524 COVID-19-related English tweets posted by the CDC between December 7, 2019, and January 15, 2022, and (2) COVID-19 epidemic measures in the United States from the public GitHub repository of Johns Hopkins University from January 2020 to July 2022. Latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling was applied to identify key topics from all COVID-19-related tweets posted by the CDC, and the final topics were determined by domain experts. Various multivariate time series analysis techniques were applied between each of the identified key topics and actual COVID-19 epidemic measures to quantify the dynamic associations between these 2 types of time series data.
RESULTS: Four major topics from the CDC's COVID-19 tweets were identified: (1) information on the prevention of health outcomes of COVID-19; (2) pediatric intervention and family safety; (3) updates of the epidemic situation of COVID-19; and (4) research and community engagement to curb COVID-19. Multivariate analyses showed that there were significant variabilities of progression between the CDC's topics and the actual COVID-19 epidemic measures. Some CDC topics showed substantial associations with the COVID-19 measures over different time spans throughout the pandemic, expressing similar temporal dynamics between these 2 types of time series data.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to comprehensively investigate the dynamic associations between topics discussed by the CDC on Twitter and the COVID-19 epidemic measures in the United States. We identified 4 major topic themes via topic modeling and explored how each of these topics was associated with each major epidemic measure by performing various multivariate time series analyses. We recommend that it is critical for public health agencies, such as the CDC, to update and disseminate timely and accurate information to the public and align major topics with key epidemic measures over time. We suggest that social media can help public health agencies to inform the public on health emergencies and to mitigate them effectively.