anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
African-Americans have disproportionate rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the US. African-Americans with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have twice the risk than non-Hispanic whites for developing CVD. Poorer sleep and greater chronic psychological stress may contribute to this additional risk. Consequently, African-Americans have worse glycemic control among those with diabetes and higher CVD risk. One promising approach to improving CVD risk in African-Americans is mindfulness meditation (MM). MM can potentially reduce cardiovascular risk through attention control, emotional regulation, and self-awareness. The overall purpose of this K01 training grant is for Dr. Alana Biggers to obtain research training and develop skills needed to become an independent investigator, and use those skills to adapt and evaluate an established MM curriculum. The specific aims are to: (1) adapt and refine an established MM curriculum for African-Americans with T2DM and incorporate text messaging; (2) conduct an 8-week, pilot randomized, controlled trial of the adapted curriculum with up to 100 African-Americans with T2DM(goal of 68 for study completion); and (3) explore the impact of the intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, and lipid profile) and inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α). Primary outcomes will include sleep quality and perceived stress evaluated at baseline, 8, and 16 weeks. The proposed research design consists of a pilot study, utilizes mixed-methods research, and involves both primary data collection and analysis. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to either the MM intervention or control. Patients will be assigned to fill cohorts so that those in intervention group will attend MM classes together. A cohort represents a group of 10-12 subjects enrolled within a 1-month time period. MM classes will guide participants in learning and implementing MM practices over 8 weeks. Data collection will occur at baseline, 8 weeks (completion of MM sessions), and 16 weeks. The 16-week data assessment will evaluate MM practice beyond the MM class structure to assess for sustainability.

This K01 training grant will provide Dr. Biggers career-building activities to further develop skills and a knowledge base in quantitative and qualitative methodology, health disparities research, and mobile health (mHealth)/behavioral health strategies in minority populations. With the guidance of an interdisciplinary mentorship team and institutional support, Dr. Biggers will receive the necessary assistance and training to work toward her long-term career goal of being an independent researcher with expertise in health disparities, mixed-methods, and mHealth behavioral research.
The initial training is provided on a high-fidelity Virtual-Reality (VR) simulator (Scantrainer, Medaphor). The VR simulator provides images obtained from real patients and haptic feedback from the ultrasound probe. The basic gynecologic and advanced gynecologic modules are selected for training purposes. When all modules are passed on the VR simulator, the participants receive 30 minutes of training on the low-fidelity simulator (BluePhantom) to allow participants to review the functions, they just trained, using real ultrasound equipment.
INTRODUCTION: Aducanumab selectively targets aggregated forms of amyloid beta (Aβ), a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
METHODS: PRIME was a Phase 1b, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of aducanumab. During the 12-month placebo-controlled period, participants with prodromal AD or mild AD dementia were randomized to receive aducanumab or placebo. At week 56, participants could enroll in a long-term extension (LTE), in which all participants received aducanumab. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability.
RESULTS: Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities-edema (ARIA-E) were the most common adverse event. Dose titration was associated with a decrease in the incidence of ARIA-E. Over 48 months, aducanumab decreased brain amyloid levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Exploratory endpoints suggested a continued benefit in the reduction of clinical decline over 48 months.
DISCUSSION: The safety profile of aducanumab remained unchanged in the LTE of PRIME. Amyloid plaque levels continued to decrease in participants treated with aducanumab.
HIGHLIGHTS: PRIME was a Phase 1b, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of aducanumab. We report cumulative safety and 48-month efficacy results from PRIME. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities-edema (ARIA-E) were the most common adverse event (AE); 61% of participants with ARIA-E were asymptomatic. Dose titration was associated with a decrease in the incidence of ARIA-E. Aducanumab decreased levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
Two clinical studies were conducted in pediatric patients with acute otitis media. A non-comparative, open-label study assessed the bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension (90/6.4 mg/kg/day, divided every 12 hours) for 10 days in 521 pediatric patients (3 to 50 months) with acute otitis media. The primary objective was to assess bacteriological response in children with acute otitis media due to S. pneumoniae with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid MICs of 4 mcg/mL. The study sought the enrollment of patients with the following risk factors: Failure of antibacterial therapy for acute otitis media in the previous 3 months, history of recurrent episodes of acute otitis media, 2 years or younger, or daycare attendance. Prior to receiving amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension, all patients had tympanocentesis to obtain middle ear fluid for bacteriological evaluation. Patients from whom S. pneumoniae (alone or in combination with other bacteria) was isolated had a second tympanocentesis 4 to 6 days after the start of therapy. Clinical assessments were planned for all patients during treatment (4 to 6 days after starting therapy), as well as 2 to 4 days post-treatment and 15 to 18 days post-treatment. Bacteriological success was defined as the absence of the pretreatment pathogen from the on-therapy tympanocentesis specimen. Clinical success was defined as improvement or resolution of signs and symptoms. Clinical failure was defined as lack of improvement or worsening of signs and/or symptoms at any time following at least 72 hours of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension; patients who received an additional systemic antibacterial drug for otitis media after 3 days of therapy were considered clinical failures. Bacteriological eradication on therapy (day 4 to 6 visit) in the per protocol population is summarized in the following table:

     Table 3. Bacteriologic Eradication Rates in the Per Protocol Population

Clinical assessments were made in the per protocol population 2 to 4 days post-therapy and 15 to 18 days post-therapy. Patients who responded to therapy 2 to 4 days post-therapy were followed for 15 to 18 days post-therapy to assess them for acute otitis media. Non-responders at 2 to 4 days post-therapy were considered failures at the latter timepoint.

     Table 4. Clinical Assessments in the Per Protocol Population (Includes S. pneumoniae Patients with Penicillin MICs equal to 2 or 4 mcg/mL*)

* S. pneumoniae strains with penicillin MICs of 2 or 4 mcg/mL are considered resistant to penicillin.

† CI equals confidence intervals; 95% CIs are not adjusted for multiple comparisons.

     ‡ Clinical assessments at 15 to 18 days post-therapy may have been confounded by viral infections and new episodes of acute otitis media with time elapsed post-treatment.

In the intent-to-treat analysis, overall clinical outcomes at 2 to 4 days and 15 to 18 days post treatment in patients with S. pneumoniae with penicillin MIC equal to 2 mcg/mL and 4 mcg/mL were 29/41 (71%) and 17/41 (42%), respectively.
BACKGROUND: Few data are available regarding temporal patterns of health resource utilization (HRU) and expenditures among patients undergoing catheter ablation for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). This study aimed to describe expenditures and HRU in patients with PSVT who underwent catheter ablation compared to a matched cohort of patients on medical therapy alone.
METHODS: Using a large US administrative database, we identified adult patients (age 18 to 65 years) with a new PSVT diagnosis between 2008 and 2016. Propensity-score matching was used to assemble a PSVT cohort treated with ablation or medical therapy alone (N = 2556). Longitudinal trends in HRU and expenditures in the 3-years preceding and following PSVT diagnosis were compared.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences in expenditures between groups except within the first year after PSVT diagnosis: $48,004 ablation vs. $17,560 medical therapy (p < 0.001). This difference was driven by procedural expenditures, where the mean cost of catheter ablation was $32,057 ± SD 26,737. In Years 2 and 3 post-ablation, HRU and expenditures decreased to the levels associated with the medical therapy group, although fewer ablation patients required any prescription for beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or anti-arrhythmic drugs (32% ablation vs. 42% medical therapy group, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Catheter ablation reduces medication burden in PSVT, yet health resource use and expenditures were similar beyond 2 years post-ablation when compared to PSVT patients on medical therapy alone. Additional studies are required to better understand drivers of these sustained health expenditures, and barriers to achieving cost-savings for a potentially curative procedure.
Investigators retrospectively analysed 130 patients admitted to the complaint of erectile dysfunction between aged between 18-80 years old from June 2017 to October 2018 at Cigli Region Training Hospital Urology department and Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Urology Department. International index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5) Turkish validated short form quesstionaire was performed to all patients. Antropometric characteristics including weight, height, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) and presence of comorbide diseases were recorded. After detailed history and physical examination performed all patients, overnight fasting in the morning between 08:00-10:00, blood samples from antecubital vein were performed and serum glucose, lipid profile, follicular stimulating hormon (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone, prolactin, estradiol, 25(OH)D level were analysed. Presence of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled lipid metabolism disorders, neurological diseases, heamatological diseases, urinary tract infection, malignencies, chronic kidney failure, metabolic syndrome, psychiatric diseases and/or medical treatment, smoking, history of pelvic surgery, cardiac surgery and pelvic radiotherapy were accepted as exclusion criterias from the study. After IIEF-5 score adjust as 21 point, ROC analyse was used to calculate the cut-off value of 25(OH)D and level of 27.32 ng/mL was calculated as cut-off value. Patients were divided into two group according to 27.32 ng/mL level as a cut off value. Serum 25(OH)D level was lower than 27.32 ng/mL in group 1 (severe and moderate symptomatic group) and higher than 27.32 ng/mL in group 2 (mild symptomatic group).
The high incidence of whole-arm chromosome aneuploidy and translocations in tumors suggests instability of centromeres, unique loci built on repetitive sequences and essential for chromosome separation. The causes behind this fragility and the mechanisms preserving centromere integrity remain elusive. We show that replication stress, hallmark of pre-cancerous lesions, promotes centromeric breakage in mitosis, due to spindle forces and endonuclease activities. Mechanistically, we unveil unique dynamics of the centromeric replisome distinct from the rest of the genome. Locus-specific proteomics identifies specialized DNA replication and repair proteins at centromeres, highlighting them as difficult-to-replicate regions. The translesion synthesis pathway, along with other factors, acts to sustain centromere replication and integrity. Prolonged stress causes centromeric alterations like ruptures and translocations, as observed in ovarian cancer models experiencing replication stress. This study provides unprecedented insights into centromere replication and integrity, proposing mechanistic insights into the origins of centromere alterations leading to abnormal cancerous karyotypes.
The vast majority of adults express the desire and intention of engaging in healthy behaviors-exercising, losing weight, getting a colonoscopy-but then fail to do so. This has massive individual and societal costs. This research tests a promising intervention to increase the likelihood that an adult will follow through on their health-related intentions. Curiosity can be a powerful motivator and can cause people to engage in new behaviors (Tomkins 1962; Silvia 2006); however, curiosity has not yet been used as an intervention to help people follow-through on their intentions. In this project, the investigators target employees who have failed to complete their annual Vitality Health Review (VHR) and test whether curiosity can be used to induce the employees to complete their VHR. The VHR is a medical questionnaire that can help individuals understand medical risk factors they may be prone to. The investigators provide employees with a question and inform them that they will see the answer upon completion of their VHR. The investigators hypothesize that the curiosity-inducing messages will cause employees to follow through on their intention to complete their VHR.
Background and Objective: Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an essential life-saving technique for patients with refractory cardiopulmonary shock, it can be fatal in certain cases. Case Presentation: A 19-year-old girl treated with ECMO presented with acute limb ischemia 2 days after cannula removal. The decannulation was performed percutaneously by an interventional cardiologist, and the vascular surgery department was consulted after the patient developed symptoms. The first suspected diagnosis was thrombosis due to incorrect use of the closure device. However, the artery had ruptured due to the insertion of a catheter with a cannula that was larger than the patient's artery. Management and Outcome: Fortunately, excessive bleeding due to the size-mismatched cannula was prevented by an unintentional complication of the closing device, which saved the patient's life. She underwent a right common femoral artery thrombectomy and patch angioplasty. Hospital guidelines have changed regarding the surgical removal of ECMO cannulas. Discussion: This report aims to highlight the importance of two aspects that are critical to a successful outcome: individualized cannula selection followed by precise insertion and removal and postoperative evaluation of a patient's final status.
BACKGROUND: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium species and is a global burden. When not treated correctly, it can reemerge as a relapse or recrudescence. Malaria relapse cases can contribute to maintaining active transmission chains and can influence the patient to develop severe malaria, potentially leading to hospitalization or death. The objective of this study is to estimate the number of malaria relapse cases in the extra-Amazon region of Brazil and to investigate the associated factors.
METHODS: This is a case-control study that analyses malaria infections caused by Plasmodium vivax, as reported in Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan) for the Brazilian extra-Amazon region (an area not endemic for the disease) from 2008 to 2019. For the identification of relapse cases, deduplication record linkage processes in R software were used. Malaria relapses were defined as the case group, and new malaria infections were defined as the control group. Logistic regression models were used to assess associated factors.
RESULTS: Of the 711 malaria relapses, 589 (82.8%) were first relapses. Most relapses (71.6%) occurred between 30 and 120 days after the previous infection. Malaria relapses are spread throughout the extra-Amazon region, with a higher concentration near big cities. Driver occupation was found to be a common risk factor compared to other occupations, along with asymptomatic individuals. Other associated factors were: being infected in the Brazilian Amazon region, having follow-ups for malaria relapses, and having parasite density of the previous infection higher than 10,000 parasites per mm3.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that allows malaria health surveillance services to direct their efforts to monitor cases of malaria in the highest risk segments identified in this study, particularly in the period between 30 and 120 days after being infected and treated. Relapses were associated to driver occupation, absence of symptoms, infection in endemic areas of Brazil, being detected through active surveillance or routine follow-up actions, and with parasitaemia greater than 10,000 parasites per mm3 in the previous infection. Improving cases follow-up is essential for preventing relapses.
The present invention relates to a medicine for treating diseases of gastrointestinal system. The medicine is prepared with nine kinds of Chinese medicinal materials including amomum fruit, pomegranate rind Chinese goldthread, carbonized human hair, cuttlebone, etc. and through crushing and mixing. It hs the functions of promoting blood circulation to disperse blood clots, removing necrosis and promoting granulation, eliminating swelling, stopping pain and arresting hemorrhage. It may be used in treating various diseases of gastrointestinal system, such as rectitis, colitis, chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, etc. and has quick and lasting medicinal effect.
SIMCOR is contraindicated in the following conditions:

  * Active liver disease, which may include unexplained persistent elevations in hepatic transaminase levels [See Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
  * Patients with active peptic ulcer disease
  * Patients with arterial bleeding
  * Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant. SIMCOR may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides increase during normal pregnancy, and cholesterol or cholesterol derivatives are essential for fetal development. Atherosclerosis is a chronic process and discontinuation of lipid-lowering drugs during pregnancy should have little impact on long-term outcomes of primary hypercholesterolemia therapy. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of SIMCOR use during pregnancy; however in rare reports congenital anomalies were observed following intrauterine exposure to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. If SIMCOR is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. [See Use In Specific Populations (8.1) ] In rat and rabbit animal reproduction studies, simvastatin revealed no evidence of teratogenicity. There are no animal reproductive studies conducted with niacin.
  * Nursing mothers. SIMCOR contains simvastatin and nicotinic acid. Nicotinic acid is excreted into human milk and it is not known whether simvastatin is excreted into human milk; however a small amount of another drug in this class does pass into breast milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, women who require SIMCOR treatment should not breastfeed their infants. [See Use In Specific Populations (8.3)]
  * Patients with a known hypersensitivity to any component of this product. Hypersensitivity reactions including one of more of the following adverse reactions have been reported for simvastatin and/or niacin extended-release: anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria, fever, dyspnea, tongue edema, larynx edema, face edema, peripheral edema, laryngismus, and flushing. [See Adverse Reactions (6.1)]
When symptoms and signs of overdosage exist, discontinue the drug. Treatment of circulatory failure, if present, is a prime consideration. In cases of mild overdosage, recumbent position with legs elevated usually restores cerebral circulation. In the more severe cases, the usual measures to combat shock should be instituted. Usual pressor agents are not effective. Epinephrine is contraindicated because it stimulates both alpha\- and beta\- receptors; since alpha\- receptors are blocked, the net effect of epinephrine administration is vasodilation and a further drop in blood pressure (epinephrine reversal).

  


The patient may have to be kept flat for 24 hours or more in the case of overdose, as the effect of the drug is prolonged. Leg bandages and an abdominal binder may shorten the period of disability. 

  


I.V. Infusion of levarterenol bitartrate** may be used to combat severe hypotensive reactions, because it stimulates alpha\- receptors primarily. Although phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride is an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, a sufficient dose of levarterenol bitartrate will overcome this effect. 

  


The oral LD50 for phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride is approximately 2000 mg/kg in rats and approximately 500 mg/kg in guinea pigs.