anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is one of common critical illnesses with high morbidity and mortality. At present, effective therapeutic drugs for SA-AKI are remain lacking. SKLB023 is a synthetic small-molecule compound which exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects in our previous studies. Here, this study aimed to characterize the protective effect of SKLB023 on SA-AKI and explore its underlying mechanism. The SA-AKI experimental models have been established by cecum ligation/puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in male C57BL/6J mice. SKLB023 was administered by gavage (50 or 25 mg/kg in CLP model and 50 mg/kg in LPS model) daily 3 days in advance and 30 min earlier on the day of modeling. Our results confirmed SKLB023 treatment could improve the survival of SA-AKI mice and ameliorate renal pathological injury, inflammation, and apoptosis in the two types of septic AKI mice. Mechanically, SKLB023 deceased the expression of TLR4 in LPS-triggered renal tubular epithelial cells, and inhibited the activation of downstream pathways including NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Our study suggested that SKLB023 is expected to be a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of septic AKI.
The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. In addition, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors, including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to TEGSEDI in the studies described below with the incidence of antibodies in other studies or to other products may be misleading.

In Study 1, 30% of TEGSEDI-treated patients tested positive for anti-drug antibodies (ADA) following 65 weeks of treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7, 5.8)]. However, the assay measured only IgG isotypes and the existence of other isotypes may be possible. In many cases adverse reactions occurred in patients with ADA, although the available data are too limited to make definitive conclusions about the relationship.
There are no interventional implications in this study. The study runs under consideration of Canadian Hypertension Education Program guidelines and as per standard practice of care. Data collection is recorded on the appropriate case report forms. The data collected consist of: patient demographics (gender, race, age, weight), blood pressure readings, heart rate, coexisting comorbidities, concomitant chronic medications (generic name and dosage), indication and dose for trandolapril (Mavik®) and patient compliance. Laboratory values (microalbuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate) are only collected if the data are available for each patient. For baseline values (study Day 0), any laboratory value recorded within the past year prior to the baseline visit (Visit 1) is recorded, if the value is available. As per Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations and as a support and educational measure, patients are provided with (1) educational tools (nutrition guidebooks) and (2) home blood pressure monitoring devices. As per research and development guidelines, blood pressure devices were retrieved at the end of the study. Approximately 8,000 hypertensive participants were enrolled in the study at up to 700 sites across Canada. Sample size estimations were based on the assumption that 67.2% of non-diabetic hypertensive participants (assumed to make up to 69% of the eligible participant population) would reach a blood pressure target of \<140/90mm Hg, while 22% of diabetes participants (31% of the eligible population) would meet a blood pressure target of \<130/80 mm Hg with trandolapril (Mavik®) therapy.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a percutaneous absorptive patch which is excellent in the sustainability of therapeutic activity, gives no itch during pasting and is useful in the treatment for stenocardia or the like by including a vasodilator and a substance having antipruritic effect in specific proportions in a base. SOLUTION: This percutaneous absorptive patch is obtained by including (B) a vasodilator, e.g. isosorbide nitrate or the like, in a proportion of 0.1-30 wt.% and (C) a substance having antipruritic effect, e.g. crotamiton or the like, in a proportion of 0.1-15 wt.%, preferably 3-12 wt.% in (A) a base. As the component A, an acrylic polymer or the like obtained by, for example, copolymerizing 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, vinyl pyrrolidone and hexamethylene glycol methacrylate is used. This preparation is obtained by, for example, adding the components B and C and a solvent, e.g. ethyl acetate or the like, to the component A followed by mixing under stirring, applying the resultant solution to a mold release-treated polyester film or the like and laminating a supporter, e.g. a polyethylene terephthalate or the like, after evaporating the solvent.
OBJECTIVE: CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), an epileptic encephalopathy for which novel therapeutics are under development, lacks valid and reliable measures of therapeutic efficacy. We aimed to elucidate the neurophysiological and brain structural features of CDD patients and identify objective indicators reflecting the clinical severity.
METHODS: Twelve CDD patients and 12 healthy controls (HCs) participated. The clinical severity of CDD was scored using the CDD severity assessment (CDD-SA). The participants underwent visual evoked potential (VEP), auditory brainstem response (ABR), structural MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analyses. Measurements from each modality were compared with normal values of age-matched cohorts (VEP and ABR) or statistically compared between CDD patients and HCs (MRI).
RESULTS: VEP showed a significant correlation between P100 latency and CDD-SA in CDD patients. ABR showed abnormalities in six patients (50%), including prolonged V-wave latency (n = 2), prolonged inter-peak latency between waves I and V (n = 3), and mild hearing loss (n = 4). Structural MRI showed a significant reduction in cortical volume in the left pars triangularis and right cerebellum compared with HCs. DTI showed a widespread decrease in fractional anisotropy and an increase in mean and radial diffusivity compared with HCs.
CONCLUSION: CDD patients had reduced cortical volume in the left pars triangularis, a brain region crucial for speech, and one-third of patients had mild hearing loss. These changes may be involved in language impairments in CDD patients. Additionally, P100 latency significantly correlated with the clinical severity. These features can be used to assess the clinical severity of CDD.
Receives the same number of mailings and materials as group 1 with the following modifications. In Mailing 1 the letter will include the intervention notification that they will have a 1 in 10 chance of winning money (FIT, colonoscopy or flex sig within 6 months). Mailing 2 and mailing 3 (reminder letters for those still not returning kits) will include the same information about the 1 in 10 chance of winning the lottery for CRC screening completion. Mailing 4 will include a thank you letter with money for those who complete their screening and win the lottery. Participants who do not win the lottery will receive a thank you letter.
The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicinal composition which has a significant curative effect for stable-phase bronchiectasis. The composition includes the following constituents: ginseng, astragalus membranaceus, schisandra, fruit of Chinese wolfberry, adenophora tetraphylla, radix glehniae, radix ophiopogonis, lily, radix rehmanniae, root bark of white mulberry, cortex lycii radicis, radix salviae miltiorrhizae, fritillaria cirrhosa and bamboo juice. The preparation includes capsules, particles, tablets, pills and oral liquids, and the raw materials for preparing the preparation are readily available. The preparation nourishes yin and generates body fluid, moistens the lung to relieve a cough, fortifies the spleen, reduces phlegm and dissipates dampness. All gather together to provide functions of tonifying qi, strengthening the exterior, invigorating the lung, nourishing yin, fortifying the spleen, reducing phlegm, dissipating dampness, diminishing inflammation, relieving asthma, and promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis. The composition hits the pathogenesis of stable-phase bronchiectasis and is mainly used for treating stable-phase bronchiectasis.
Clostridium difficile infections (GDIs) are the number one cause of hospital acquired diarrhea in the United States. Several clinical studies have reported higher incidence and severity of GDI in patients with ulcerative colitis and/or Crohn's disease. In order to understand the factors underlying increased severity of GDI in IBD patients, we utilized a Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) murine model of inflammatory colitis. In support of clinical observations, our data showed that mice treated with DSS and then infected with C. difficile developed a more severe C. difficile disease compared to untreated mice. Increased severity of disease was measured by increased mortality, weight loss and clinical scores. Importantly, comparison of C. difficile burden between mice with prior DSS colitis and untreated controls showed no differences in C. difficile colonization between the two groups, suggesting that increased severity of disease might be due to the host immune response to infection. Immunophenotyping of immune cells recruted to the colon at the peak of GDI revealed increased levels of CD4+ T cells at the site of infection in mice with prior DSS colitis. Furthermore, depletion of CD4+ T cells using a monoclonal antibody protected mice with prior DSS colitis from severe C. difficile disease. These data have identified a novel role for CD4+ T cells in contributing to increased severity of GDI. Our current studies are aimed at understanding the downstream mechanisms by which these T cells are acting to drive severe disease.
BACKGROUND: The lack of consensus on equity measurement and its incorporation into quality-assessment programs at the hospital and system levels may be a barrier to addressing disparities in surgical care. This study aimed to identify population-level and within-hospital differences in the quality of surgical care provision.
STUDY DESIGN: The analysis included 657 NSQIP participating hospitals with more than 4 million patients (2014 to 2018). Multilevel random slope, random intercept modeling was used to examine for population-level and in-hospital disparities. Disparities in surgical care by Area Deprivation Index (ADI), race, and ethnicity were analyzed for 5 measures: all-case inpatient mortality, all-case urgent readmission, all-case postoperative surgical site infection, colectomy mortality, and spine surgery complications.
RESULTS: Population-level disparities were identified across all measures by ADI, 2 measures for Black race (all-case readmissions and spine surgery complications), and none for Hispanic ethnicity. Disparities remained significant in the adjusted models. Before risk adjustment, in all measures examined, within-hospital disparities were detected in: 25.8% to 99.8% of hospitals for ADI, 0% to 6.1% of hospitals for Black race, and 0% to 0.8% of hospitals for Hispanic ethnicity. After risk adjustment, in all measures examined, less than 1.1% of hospitals demonstrated disparities by ADI, race, or ethnicity.
CONCLUSIONS: After risk adjustment, very few hospitals demonstrated significant disparities in care. Disparities were more frequently detected by ADI than by race and ethnicity. The lack of substantial in-hospital disparities may be due to the use of postoperative metrics, small sample sizes, the risk adjustment methodology, and healthcare segregation. Further work should examine surgical access and healthcare segregation.
Participants will receive IV administration of dopamine diluted in saline prior to a PET examination. This is followed by a single SC dose of AZD3427 Placebo on Day 1 (V2).
Short-term video games will be applied to patients with mental illness who are staying in communities. Games will be applied in a group-activity format with 8 to 12 patients in each session. The interventions will be conducted at a two sessions per week for a 3-week long period. There are 3 time points for data collection, including 2-weeks before the intervention, the week before the intervention, and the week after the intervention. Each patient will be his/her own controlled comparison.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a polymer system developed for use in other biomedicinal application such as surgical and drug delivery applications; to provide a polymer system for use in controlled drug delivery capable of releasing a biologically active drug at a predictable and controlled rate; to provide a polymer for use in the controlled drug delivery for locally releasing an active factor at a specific target site requiring the drug; and to provide a polymer system for use in the drug delivery having characteristics including a volume variable by a temperature or another parameter such as pH and an ion concentration, and drug release.  <P>SOLUTION: The macromer is such as described in the example. The macromer can form gel in an aqueous solution. The macromer comprises at least four polymeric blocks, wherein at least one block is hydrophilic, and at least two blocks are hydrophobic, and contains a crosslinkable group. The polymer block can be selected so as to provide a macromer having different selected characteristics. The macromer is covalently crosslinked to form gel in-vivo on the surface of a tissue. The gel formed from the macromer has a combination of characteristics including heat sensitivity and hydrophobicity, and is useful in various medical applications including drug delivery and tissue coating.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Osteochondral defects (OCDs) of the talus have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. When OCDs are of small nature (up to 15 mm in diameter), and have failed conservative management, surgical intervention may be necessary. For small cystic defects the current treatment is an arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation (BMS) procedure, during which the damaged cartilage is resected and the subchondral bone is microfractured (MF), in order to disrupt intraosseous blood vessels and thereby introduce blood and bone marrow cells into the debrided lesion, forming a microfracture fibrin clot, which contains a dilute stem cell population from the underlying bone marrow. This procedure has been reported to have a 75% successful long-term outcome. Recently, the additional use of biological adjuncts has become popular, one of them being bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) from the iliac crest. BMAC consists of mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells and growth factors, which may therefore theoretically improve the quality of subchondral plate and cartilage repair. The current evidence for treating talar OCDs with BMS plus BMAC is limited and heterogeneous. It is unclear to what extent the treatment of talar OCDs with BMS plus BMAC is beneficial in comparison to BMS alone.
The invention comprises a stabilized Vitamin A composition which is free of transesterification products, comprising 2,6-di-tertiary butyl-4-methyl phenol, either alone or in combination with butylated hydroxy anisole, intimately admixed with a synthetic Vitamin A material, and a process for the production thereof which consists in intimately admixing with a synthetic Vitamin A material, 2,6-di-tertiary butyl-4-methyl phenol either alone or in combination with butylated hydroxy anisole.  As Vitamin A material there may be used Vitamin A alcohol, Vitamin A aldehyde, Vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A palmitate, axerophthene and Vitamin A ethers.  The stabilizers may be used in solutions of Vitamin A materials in corn oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, lard oil, beef tallow oil and sardine oil.  The 2,6-di-tertiary butyl-4-methyl phenol and butylated hydroxy anisole are preferably employed in equivalent amounts and in amount of 1.0 mg. to 50 mg. per 1,000,000 U.S.P. units of Vitamin A; 2,6-di-tertiary butyl-4-methyl phenol is employed alone in an amount of 1.0 mg. to 50 mg. per 1,000,000 U.S.P. units of Vitamin A.ALSO:Products suitable for fortifying animal feeds comprise beadlets or pellets containing vitamin A material, e.g., vitamin A alcohol, vitamin A aldehyde, vitamin A acetate, vitamin A palmitate, axerophthene or a vitamin A ether, together with mineral wax, a solid fatty material, a gum or a synthetic resin, or comprise such vitamin A material adsorbed on a vegetable material such as soy grits, the product being stabilized aginst loss of vitamin A activity by the incorporation of 2, 6-di-tertiarybutyl-4-methyl phenol alone or in combination with butylated hydroxy anisole.ALSO:The invention comprises a stabilized Vitamin A composition which is free from transesterification products, comprising 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol, either alone or in combination with butylated hydroxy anisole, intimately admixed with a synthetic Vitamin A material and a process for the production thereof which consists in intimately admixing with a synthetic Vitamin A material, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol either alone or in combination with butylated hydroxy anisole. Vitamin A alcohol, Vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A aldehyde, Vitamin A palmitate, axerophthen and Vitamin A ethers may be thus stabilized.  The stabilizers may be employed in solutions of corn oil, cotton seed oil, soybean oil, lard oil, beef tallow oil and sardine oil.  The 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol in combination with butylated hydroxy anisole is preferably employed in equivalent amounts, with amounts from 1.0 mg. to 50 mg. per 1,000,000 U.S.P. units of Vitamin A.  2,6-di-tertiary butyl-4-methyl phenol is employed alone with amounts from 1.0 to 50 mg. per 1,000,000 U.S.P. units of Vitamin A.
Pain in the postpartum period is an important concern of new mothers. With over one-third of deliveries ending in cesarean section, effective postoperative pain control is essential in the care of postpartum patients.1 Improved pain control in the postpartum period after cesarean delivery (CD) is associated with improved overall maternal health and satisfaction, decreased postpartum depression, shortened hospital stay, decreased opioid consumption, and decreased healthcare costs, as well as possible facilitation of early contact of mothers with their infants.2 Pain control is of great concern to women during and after cesarean delivery.3 Pain relief and patient satisfaction are inadequate in many cases. Pain may be severe, last at least 48-72 hours, and may impair early postoperative recovery.

Opioids are primarily used in the post-operative period. Although opioids are safe to use in breastfeeding mothers, they are not without unwanted side effects.4 Local anesthetics and parenteral NSAIDs are also beneficial adjuncts to regional or general anesthesia after CD by reducing opioid consumption and improving pain relief.5 In addition, field block with wound infiltration with local anesthetic is an effective and safe adjunct for pain control. Previous studies have shown improved postoperative pain control with TAP (transversus abdominis plane) blocks with bupivacaine in hysterectomy patients.4 Another study has looked at the effects of bupivacaine-soaked spongostan placed in cesarean wounds.2 EXPAREL®® (Parsippany, NJ: Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc) is a liposomal form of bupivacaine. Its mechanism of action is by DepoFoam® technology, in which microscopic, polyhedral molecules that contain aqueous chambers with liposomal bupivacaine that are slowly released over hours to days with erosion and rearrangement of lipid membranes.6 The slow release of local anesthetic extends its pharmacologic effect and provides longer postsurgical pain control for up to 72 hours.6 This method of delivery of local anesthetic has the potential to decrease postoperative opioid consumption.7 EXPAREL® is an FDA-approved medication for the general use of postoperative surgical site pain control. Paracervical block is the only obstetric contraindication to EXPAREL® use. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of local wound infiltration of EXPAREL® (liposomal bupivacaine) with bupivacaine HCl compared to active control with bupivacaine HCl alone following elective primary or repeat cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia. The investigators hypothesize that narcotic use during postoperative hospitalization will be decreased using liposomal bupivacaine.
PCT No. PCT/SE93/00257 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 23, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 23, 1994 PCT Filed Mar. 26, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO93/19736 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 14, 1993A lipid carrier system for a local anaesthetic comprising a defined lipid system of at least two lipid components wherein at least one of the lipid components is amphiphatic and polar and one is nonpolar is provided. The system may further contain a hydrophilic solvent and additives or matrices for adapting it for administering to mucous membranes and for transdermally administering.
BACKGROUND: In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been utilized as an alternative to warfarin, which is known to have several limitations. This study aimed to clarify the selection criteria for anticoagulants, considering both individual patient factors and the differences between various drugs.
METHODS: This study conducted a web-based questionnaire from September 20, 2023 to October 3, 2023, among physicians who were members of a cardiology-specific website.
RESULTS: In total, 172 respondents were enrolled in this study. Edoxaban was the most frequently selected anticoagulant (39.1%), followed by apixaban (32.7%) and rivaroxaban (16.8%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that increased concern for adherence enhanced the frequency of selecting edoxaban (odds ratio [OR] = 2.42; p = 0.047), with the opposite trend observed for dabigatran (OR = 0.404; p = 0.029). The selection of apixaban is related to whether the patient is able to maintain a regular lifestyle, including adherence to medication schedules (OR = 1.874; p = 0.031). Furthermore, detailing activities from a medical representative, especially regarding a new indication, were found to influence drug selection for rivaroxaban (OR = 2.422; p = 0.047).
CONCLUSION: This study revealed that edoxaban is the most frequently selected anticoagulant. Although prescribing cardiologists select drugs based on background factors, adherence to medication and information from medical representatives were also crucial factors in the selection process.
Acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are the leading cause of acute disease incidence worldwide. Nasal saline irrigation (NSI) is a recommended approach to relieve nasal symptoms and maintain upper airway patency in children, offering a safe, inexpensive, and well-tolerated symptomatic treatment for children with URTIs. Nasal irrigation (NI) relieves URTI symptoms by clearing mucus, reducing congestion, and improving breathing. NI techniques and irrigation solutions used to relieve nasal obstruction in infants are effective in providing procedural comfort. Considering the effectiveness of NI in relieving nasal congestion, which negatively influences the quality of life of children, filling the gap in the literature on NSI is crucial. This study was conducted to determine the effects of various NI methods (NI/NI + nontraumatic nasopharyngeal aspiration) using different irrigation solutions on pain, crying and procedure times, and physiologic parameters in infants with URTIs aged 6 months to 2 years.