Treatment for hepatitis C has been revolutionized in the last 2 years with the advent of combination antiviral therapy yielding high cure rates; although, the long term effects of treatment remain uncertain. Use of these medications has been limited to clinical trial settings typically by highly specialized care teams in tertiary care hospitals. As the prevalence of hepatitis C is significant, there exists a significant imbalance between patients who require treatment and specialists who provide treatment. Success rates in treatment of hepatitis C by primary care doctors or physician extenders, such as nurse practitioners or physician assistants, is largely unknown.

As such, we propose the first community-based, large scale, longitudinal study of directly acting antiviral (DAA)-based treatment for chronic hepatitis C, set in the District of Columbia. Within this study, approximately 600 HCV genotype 1 monoinfected and HCV/HIV coinfected subjects will be treated with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (90 mg/400 mg) fixed dosed combination for 8-24 weeks, based on the medication labeling instructions, and followed for both immediate (SVR12) and long term (comorbid disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, transplantation and mortality) outcomes over a 10 year study period. The study will be conducted exclusively in the District of Columbia clinics associated with the NIH DC Partnership for AIDS/HIV Progress (DC PFAP), which serves a population comprised primarily of minorities, with a high degree of negative predictors of treatment response. In this study, participants will be assigned to treatment either by (1) an ID or hepatology specialist, (2) primary care provider, or (3) physician extender. Please see Figure 1 study schema for an approximate distribution of subjects. Each of these provider groups will undergo uniform training on treatment of hepatitis C and management of adverse events prior to initiation of study. All subjects will sign informed consent and agree to treatment and follow up phases of the study. During the course of the study, subjcts will be clinically evaluated based on American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD)/ the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines for the management of hepatitis C. Clinical data from subjects will be captured in a city wide cohort database, which will store guideline-driven data points from each clinic visit within the network.

Through this trial we will explore the efficacy of managing hepatitis C subjects with directly acting antiviral therapy in an urban, community-based setting, and investigate the effect of provider type (specialist, primary care, or physician extender) on treatment outcome. We will detail the safety and tolerability of this treatment. We will assess variability in treatment outcomes between monoinfected and HIV-coinfected subjects. Finally, we will evaluate the public health impact of large-scale treatment of HCV infected subjects in preventing long-term clinical outcomes. As the first interferon (IFN)- and ribavirin (RBV)-free, urban community-based treatment utilizing new standard of care criteria, this study will serve as a model for implementation of similar practice patterns globally.