anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Rodents of the genus Cerradomys belong to tribe Oryzomyini, one of the most diverse and speciose groups in Sigmodontinae (Rodentia, Cricetidae). The speciation process in Cerradomys is associated with chromosomal rearrangements and biogeographic dynamics in South America during the Pleistocene era. As the morphological, molecular and karyotypic aspects of Myomorpha rodents do not evolve at the same rate, we strategically employed karyotypic characters for the construction of chromosomal phylogeny to investigate whether phylogenetic relationships using chromosomal data corroborate the radiation of Cerradomys taxa recovered by molecular phylogeny. Comparative chromosome painting using Hylaeamys megacephalus (HME) whole chromosome probes in C. langguthi (CLA), Cerradomys scotii (CSC), C. subflavus (CSU) and C. vivoi (CVI) shows that karyotypic variability is due to 16 fusion events, 2 fission events, 10 pericentric inversions and 1 centromeric repositioning, plus amplification of constitutive heterochromatin in the short arms of the X chromosomes of CSC and CLA. The chromosomal phylogeny obtained by Maximum Parsimony analysis retrieved Cerradomys as a monophyletic group with 97% support (bootstrap), with CSC as the sister to the other species, followed by a ramification into two clades (69% of branch support), the first comprising CLA and the other branch including CVI and CSU. We integrated the chromosome painting analysis of Eumuroida rodents investigated by HME and Mus musculus (MMU) probes and identified several syntenic blocks shared among representatives of Cricetidae and Muridae. The Cerradomys genus underwent an extensive karyotypic evolutionary process, with multiple rearrangements that shaped extant karyotypes. The chromosomal phylogeny corroborates the phylogenetic relationships proposed by molecular analysis and indicates that karyotypic diversity is associated with species radiation. Three syntenic blocks were identified as part of the ancestral Eumuroida karyotype (AEK): MMU 7/19 (AEK 1), MMU 14 (AEK 10) and MMU 12 (AEK 11). Besides, MMU 5/10 (HME 18/2/24) and MMU 8/13 (HME 22/5/11) should be considered as signatures for Cricetidae, while MMU 5/9/14, 5/7/19, 5 and 8/17 for Sigmodontinae.
In patients with breast cancer, androgen therapy may cause hypercalcemia by stimulating osteolysis. In this case, the drug should be discontinued.

Prolonged use of high doses of androgens has been associated with the development of peliosis hepatitis and hepatic neoplasms including hepatocellular carcinoma (see PRECAUTIONS \- Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility). Peliosis hepatitis can be a life-threatening or fatal complication.

Men treated with androgens may be at an increased risk for the development of prostatic hypertrophy and prostatic carcinoma.

Edema with or without congestive heart failure may be a serious complication in patients with preexisting cardiac, renal, or hepatic disease. In addition to discontinuation of the drug, diuretic therapy may be required.

Gynecomastia frequently develops in patients and occasionally persists in patients being treated for hypogonadism.

Androgen therapy should be used cautiously in healthy males with delayed puberty. The effect on bone maturation should be monitored by assessing bone age of the wrist and hand every 6 months. In children, androgen treatment may accelerate bone maturation without producing compensatory gain in linear growth. This adverse effect may result in compromised adult stature. The younger the child the greater the risk of compromising final mature height.

This drug has not been shown to be safe and effective for the enhancement of athletic performance. Because of the potential risk for serious adverse health effects, this drug should not be used for such purpose.
Full venous duplex ultrasonography was performed using Medical ultrasound scan. Cognizant of the negative consequences of standing and sitting for long periods of time (e.g. venous hypertension, venous reflux), we scheduled investigations for early morning, thus ensuring examination of the physiological status of the venous system in each patient. Ultrasound examinations of reflux at the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) were performed using the Valsalva maneuver. Ultrasound examination of GSV reflux was performed by manually compressing the calf followed by sudden release. Reverse flow that lasted more than 0.5 seconds was considered pathological. Preoperative venous duplex mapping was done in the upright position. Further measurements of the GSV diameter 15 cm below the SFJ level were conducted to describe the severity of varicose veins more accurately.

The diameter of GSV at the 15-cm below the SFJ level was the main criterion to identify two groups of patients. Those with the GSV diameter ≤ 6 mm were treated with ASVAL. If the diameter of GSV was \> 6 mm, EVLA with concomitant phlebectomy was performed.

All surgical procedures were accomplished by the same surgeon, using tumescent local anesthesia (i.e. 0,1% lidocaine and sodium bicarbonate solution without epinephrine).The EVLA was done under duplex guidance with a 1560-nm diode laser using bare fibres via a Seldinger wire technique. The GSV was cannulated at the lowest point of the reflux. The laser fiber was advanced below the SFJ at the level of v. epigastrica sup. after which the GSV was ablated during gradual withdrawal of the fibre. The 15 Watts laser power was delivered in a continuous pull back traction. The average applied linear endovenous energy dose (LEED) was 75,3 J/cm.

Peripheral side branches were removed by multiple stab avulsions in both groups. After the treatment, the leg was wrapped in sterile absorbent bandages, and compression stockings class II (23-32 mm Hg) were put on and recommended to wear for two weeks. All patients were discharged on the day of the treatment and were invited to a follow-up duplex ultrasonography (DUS) on the 1st post-operative day, 2 years and 5 years after the operation (patients were contacted by phone). DUS at follow-up visits was carried out by an independent specialist who was not involved in the initial treatment of the patients. To report clinical recurrence after EVLA we have used Group d' Evaluation des Lasers et de l'Echographie Vasculare (GELEV) score.
Table 3enumerates the incidence, rounded to the nearest percent, of treatment-emergent adverse events that occurred among 1063 depressed patients who received citalopram HBr at doses ranging from 10 to 80 mg/day in placebo-controlled trials of up to 6 weeks in duration. Events included are those occurring in 2% or more of patients treated with citalopram HBr and for which the incidence in patients treated with citalopram HBr was greater than the incidence in placebo-treated patients.

The prescriber should be aware that these figures cannot be used to predict the incidence of adverse events in the course of usual medical practice where patient characteristics and other factors differ from those which prevailed in the clinical trials. Similarly, the cited frequencies cannot be compared with figures obtained from other clinical investigations involving different treatments, uses, and investigators. The cited figures, however, do provide the prescribing physician with some basis for estimating the relative contribution of drug and non-drug factors to the adverse event incidence rate in the population studied.

The only commonly observed adverse event that occurred in citalopram HBr patients with an incidence of 5% or greater and at least twice the incidence in placebo patients was ejaculation disorder (primarily ejaculatory delay) in male patients (see TABLE 3).
Durvalumab 1500 mg every 4 weeks for up to a maximum of 2 months (up to 2 doses/cycles) plus Olaparib 300 mg b.i.d. up to 56 days (2 cycles of 28 days each cycle).
The invention discloses preparation and application of a genetically engineered bacterium of a fusion protein of a coccidian antigen peptide/IL 5, wherein the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein is shown as SEQ ID No. 1. The coding gene sequence is shown in SEQ ID No.2. The protein of the invention has obvious prevention, treatment and regulation effects on avian coccidiosis. The cationic polypeptide complex expressed by the food-grade bacillus subtilis causes an acquired immune response of animal intestinal tracts through mucosal immunity to generate anti-coccidium antibodies. Interleukin 5 is an eosinophil activating factor, and can activate eosinophils in intestinal tract, secrete antiparasitic active substance, and repair intestinal tract mucosa damage caused by coccidian infection.
Pregnant women with planned vaginal deliveries will be screened for eligibility. After informed consent obtained, subjects will be randomly assigned (using computer generated, stratified randomization codes by the pharmacy) to either the treatment arm (Sildenafil citrate) or the placebo concurrent control. Clinicians, researchers, and primary caregivers will be masked. Eligible women will be randomized to receive sildenafil 50 mg orally every 8 hours up to a total of 3 doses or to receive the placebo every 8 hours up to a total of 3 does during the course of labor. Neither medication no placebo will be given following completion of labor. All additional care of the mother and infant will be provided according to the local standard of care. A neurological examination (Sarnat and Thompson) will be completed on the infant within 24 hours after birth. Neonatal oxygen saturation will be measured by pulse oximetry at 48 hours or discharge, whichever comes first. Outcomes will be collected following delivery, discharge, and 7-days post-partum. 7-day follow-up for outcomes will be obtained via a telephone call.
Patients randomized into the alirocumab arm will start off with 75 mg alirocumab administered every two weeks for two doses and will be upwardly titrated to 150 mg alirocumab if subjects demonstrate LDL ≥ 50 mg/dL at week 4. Subjects demonstrating LDL-C \<50mg/dl will remain on the same 75mg dose throughout the trial.
Benzyl alcohol as a preservative has been associated with a fatal “Gasping Syndrome” in premature infants and infants of low birth weight. Solutions used for further dilution of this product should be preservative-free when used in the neonate, especially the premature infant. The initial dosage of parenterally administered Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate and Betamethasone Acetate Injectable Suspension may vary from 0.25 to 9 mg per day depending on the specific disease entity being treated. However, in certain overwhelming, acute, life-threatening situations, administrations in dosages exceeding the usual dosages may be justified and may be in multiples of the oral dosages.

It Should Be Emphasized That Dosage Requirements Are Variable and Must Be Individualized on the Basis of the Disease Under Treatment and the Response of the Patient.  After a favorable response is noted, the proper maintenance dosage should be determined by decreasing the initial drug dosage in small decrements at appropriate time intervals until the lowest dosage which will maintain an adequate clinical response is reached. Situations which may make dosage adjustments necessary are changes in clinical status secondary to remissions or exacerbations in the disease process, the patient’s individual drug responsiveness, and the effect of patient exposure to stressful situations not directly related to the disease entity under treatment. In this latter situation it may be necessary to increase the dosage of the corticosteroid for a period of time consistent with the patient’s condition. If after long-term therapy the drug is to be stopped, it is recommended that it be withdrawn gradually rather than abruptly. 

In the treatment of acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, daily doses of 30 mg of betamethasone for a week followed by 12 mg every other day for 1 month are recommended (see PRECAUTIONS, Neuro-psychiatric section). 

In pediatric patients, the initial dose of betamethasone may vary depending on the specific disease entity being treated. The range of initial doses is 0.02 to 0.3 mg/kg/day in three or four divided doses (0.6 to 9 mg/m 2bsa/day). 

These dose relationships apply only to oral or intravenous administration of these compounds. When these substances or their derivatives are injected intramuscularly or into joint spaces, their relative properties may be greatly altered.

If coadministration of a local anesthetic is desired, Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate and Betamethasone Acetate Injectable Suspension may be mixed with 1% or 2% lidocaine hydrochloride, using the formulations which do not contain parabens. Similar local anesthetics may also be used. Diluents containing methylparaben, propylparaben, phenol, etc., should be avoided, since these compounds may cause flocculation of the steroid. The required dose of Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate and Betamethasone Acetate Injectable Suspension is first withdrawn from the vial into the syringe. The local anesthetic is then drawn in, and the syringe shaken briefly. Do not inject local anesthetics into the vial of Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate and Betamethasone Acetate Injectable Suspension.
Supervised exercise 3 times per week for about 1 hour. The classes will consist of a group balance class (about 30 minutes), a supervised obstacle course (about 10 minutes), and lower body and core body strength exercises (about 20 minutes). Weekly nutrition sessions for individual dietary recommendations designed to produce about a 10% weight loss over the first six months of the study.
Stachydrine, a prominent bioactive alkaloid derived from Leonurus heterophyllus, is a significant herb in traditional medicine. It has been noted for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. Consequently, we conducted a study of its hepatoprotective effect and the fundamental mechanisms involved in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury, utilizing a mouse model. Mice were intraperitoneally administered a hepatotoxic dose of APAP (300 mg/kg). Thirty minutes after APAP administration, mice were treated with different concentrations of stachydrine (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg). Animals were sacrificed 16 h after APAP injection for serum and liver tissue assays. APAP overdose significantly elevated the serum alanine transferase levels, hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines, malondialdehyde activity, phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phospho-protein kinase B (AKT), and macrophage-stimulating protein expression. Stachydrine treatment significantly decreased these parameters in mice with APAP-induced liver damage. Our results suggest that stachydrine may be a promising beneficial target in the prevention of APAP-induced liver damage through attenuation of the inflammatory response, inhibition of the ERK and AKT pathways, and expression of macrophage-stimulating proteins.
Patients who have an undetectable viral load on HAART who have exhibited suboptimal CD4+ T cell gains during long term antiretroviral therapy. This group will not participate in the structured treatment interruption.
Over the past few years, knowledge of the pathways and neural circuits that sense body energy stores has increased dramatically. In particular, it has been shown that the melanocortin system, a group of neuronal circuits in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, is the "final common pathway" for most energy state signals, and that melanocortin signaling is necessary for normal control of food intake and energy expenditure. Stimulation of POMC neurons by serotonergic and dopaminergic agents results in release of α-, β- and γ-MSH through the action of prohormone convertase-2 with a consequent decrease in appetite.A second counter-regulatory system that inhibits POMC activation is β-endorphin, which binds to a mu-opioid receptor (MOP-R) and acts as an auto-inhibitory "brake" on the activity of the melanocortin circuits. Bupropion is an approved antidepressant that blocks reuptake of serotonin and dopamine. This stimulates secretion of both α -MSH and β-endorphin. α -MSH binds to melanocortin receptors which in turn results in appetite suppression and increased energy expenditure. β-endorphin, however, binds to a mu-opioid receptor (MOP-R) and inhibits the activity of the melanocortin circuits. Zonisamide has multiple effects that may protect against seizures, including blockade of sodium channels, and reducing voltage dependent inward (T type) calcium currents, leading to neuronal stabilization. In addition to these actions, however, it is known to increase 5-hydroxytryptophan and dopamine levels, simultaneously stimulating α -MSH release while inhibiting AGRP release. Thus, the combination of bupropion and zonisamide stimulates the melanocortin system while blocking an important feedback inhibitory pathway.

The combination of zonisamide 400 mg/day and bupropion SR 300 mg/day has been shown to be more effective for weight loss than either monotherapy or placebo in subjects with uncomplicated obesity. The hypothesis for the current trial is that greater efficacy and improved tolerability can be achieved by adjusting the doses and titration of both bupropion SR and zonisamide, and by giving zonisamide in a controlled release (CR) formulation.
Colchicine at 0.5 mg per os (PO) twice daily for the first 3 days and then once daily from randomization to day 14 (+/-3) days. Treatment could be continued to day 25 (+3/-3 days).
Alterations in repolarization gradients and increased heterogeneity are key electrophysiological determinants of ventricular arrhythmogenesis across a variety of aetiologies with and without structural heart disease. High-density repolarization mapping to localize these repolarization abnormalities could improve characterization of the individual arrhythmogenic substrate and inform more targeted ablation. Yet, due to challenges posed by intrinsic features of human cardiac repolarization itself as well as technical and practical limitations, they are not routinely assessed, and traditional substrate mapping techniques remain strictly limited to determining conduction abnormalities. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanistic role of repolarization alterations in ventricular re-entry arrhythmias followed by a description of a clinical workflow that enables high-density repolarization mapping during ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablations using existing clinical tools. We describe step-by-step guidance of how-to set-up and generate repolarization maps illustrating the approach in case examples of structural normal and abnormal hearts. Furthermore, we discuss how repolarization mapping could be combined with existing substrate mapping approaches, including isochronal late activation mapping, to delineate sites of increased re-entry vulnerability, that may represent targets for ablation without the requirement for VT induction. Finally, we review challenges and pitfalls and ongoing controversies in relation to repolarization mapping and discuss the need for future technical and analytical improvements in repolarization mapping to integrate into ventricular substrate mapping strategies. Repolarization mapping remains investigational, and future research efforts need to be focused on prospective trials to establish the additional diagnostic value and its role in clinical ablation procedures.
BACKGROUND: By being highly involved in the tumor evolution and disease progression of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), Myc family members (C-Myc, L-Myc, and N-Myc) might represent promising targetable molecules. Our aim was to investigate the expression pattern and prognostic relevance of these oncogenic proteins in an international cohort of surgically resected SCLC tumors.
METHODS: Clinicopathological data and surgically resected tissue specimens from 104 SCLC patients were collected from two collaborating European institutes. Tissue sections were stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for all three Myc family members and the recently introduced SCLC molecular subtype-markers (ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, and YAP1).
RESULTS: IHC analysis showed C-Myc, L-Myc, and N-Myc positivity in 48%, 63%, and 9% of the specimens, respectively. N-Myc positivity significantly correlated with the POU2F3-defined molecular subtype (r = 0.6913, p = 0.0056). SCLC patients with C-Myc positive tumors exhibited significantly worse overall survival (OS) (20 vs. 44 months compared to those with C-Myc negative tumors, p = 0.0176). Ultimately, in a multivariate risk model adjusted for clinicopathological and treatment confounders, positive C-Myc expression was confirmed as an independent prognosticator of impaired OS (HR 1.811, CI 95% 1.054-3.113, p = 0.032).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides insights into the clinical aspects of Myc family members in surgically resected SCLC tumors. Notably, besides showing that positivity of Myc family members varies across the patients, we also reveal that C-Myc protein expression independently correlates with worse survival outcomes. Further studies are warranted to investigate the role of Myc family members as potential prognostic and predictive markers in this hard-to-treat disease.
PURPOSE: To describe Light Adjustable Lens (RxSight, Inc) (LAL) visual and refractive outcomes in a Japanese patient population with and without prior refractive surgery.
METHODS: In this retrospective chart review of patients with cataract in a private eye clinic, 34 eyes from 21 patients underwent cataract surgery with LAL implantation. Eyes underwent light treatment to adjust the patients' refraction after implantation to meet individual visual goals. Standard visual and refractive outcomes were collected. Contrast sensitivity (to assess quality of vision), clinical defocus and vergence curves (to assess range of vision), and patient satisfaction were also collected.
RESULTS: The mean prediction error of the light adjustment was -0.04 ± -0.48. Thirty-one eyes (91%) and 33 eyes (97%) were within ±0.25 and ±0.50 diopters (D) of manifest spherical equivalent target, respectively. Thirty-two eyes (94%) had residual refractive cylinder of 0.50 D or less. The full depth of focus was 3.68 D. Monocular contrast sensitivity shows frequencies equivalent to a normal population aged 50 to 60 years. The mean satisfaction score was 8.8 (scale: 1 to 10). There were no adverse events and no eyes lost corrected distance visual acuity from the light treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: LALs in cataract refractive surgery hold great promise, including for the Japanese population, which have unique ocular biometrics. By providing a safe procedure and the ability for postoperative adjustments, the LAL provided a tailored approach to vision correction, ultimately improving patient outcomes and satisfaction. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(11):e854-e862.].