anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Diarrhea and constipation are common health concerns in children. Numerous studies have identified strong association between gut microbiota and digestive-related diseases. But little is known about the gut microbiota that simultaneously affects both diarrhea and constipation or their potential regulatory mechanisms. Stool samples from 618 children (66 diarrhea, 138 constipation, 414 healthy controls) aged 0-3 years were collected to investigate gut microbiota changes using 16S rRNA sequencing. Compared with healthy, children with diarrhea exhibited a significant decrease in microbial diversity, while those with constipation showed a marked increase (p < 0.05). Significantly, our results firstly Ruminococcus increased in constipation (p = 0.03) and decreased in diarrhea (p < 0.01) compared to healthy controls. Pathway analysis revealed that Ruminococcus highly involved in the regulation of five common pathways (membrane transport, nervous system, energy metabolism, signal transduction and endocrine system pathways) between diarrhea and constipation, suggesting a potential shared regulatory mechanism. Our finding firstly reveals one core microorganisms that may affect the steady balance of the gut in children with diarrhea or constipation, providing an important reference for potential diagnosis and treatment of constipation and diarrhea.
A low volume, high energy test meal. Volunteers will be given 140 mL high energy density test meal once in the morning.
Subunit modulation of the GABAA receptor chloride channel macromolecular complex is hypothesized to be responsible for sedative, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and myorelaxant drug properties. The major modulatory site of the GABAA receptor complex is located on its alpha (α) subunit and is referred to as the benzodiazepine (BZ) or omega (ω) receptor. At least three subtypes of the (ω) receptor have been identified.

While zolpidem is a hypnotic agent with a chemical structure unrelated to benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or other drugs with known hypnotic properties, it interacts with a GABA-BZ receptor complex and shares some of the pharmacological properties of the benzodiazepines. In contrast to the benzodiazepines, which non-selectively bind to and activate all omega receptor subtypes, zolpidem in vitro binds the (ω1) receptor preferentially with a high affinity ratio of the alpha1/alpha5 subunits. The (ω1) receptor is found primarily on the Lamina IV of the sensorimotor cortical regions, substantia nigra (parsreticulata), cerebellum molecular layer, olfactory bulb, ventral thalamic complex, pons, inferior colliculus, and globus pallidus. This selective binding of zolpidem on the (ω1) receptor is not absolute, but it may explain the relative absence of myorelaxant and anticonvulsant effects in animal studies as well as the preservation of deep sleep (stages 3 and 4) in human studies of zolpidem at hypnotic doses.
Participants were recruited who had chronic moderate to severe dysphagia following stroke or radiation treatment for head and neck cancer. Their frequency of swallowing was transduced with an accelerometer placed on the skin over the thyroid cartilage and inductive plethysmography bands placed over the rib cage and abdomen. When laryngeal elevation coincided with respiratory apnea a swallow was marked. Five different motor frequencies were evaluated to determine their effect on participants frequency of swallowing (swallows per minute). Frequencies were 30, 70, 110, and 150 Hz and a combination of 70 and 110 Hz. For each vibratory frequency the number of swallows per minute occurring during stimulation was compared with sham when the participant was wearing the device but the motor was not turned on. The frequency fo swallowing during stimulation was compared with the frequency of swallowing between stimulations. Visual analogue ratings of the urge to swallow and discomfort were also measured after each condition. Other parameters were the pressure between the motor and the skin (0, 2, 4, and 6 kPa) and swallow initiation time when stimulation was on and when it was not. Swallowing frequency with continuous versus pulsed stimulation was also compared.
Cancer is a major public health problem. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and women around the world. Despite advances in surgical and pharmacological treatment, this type of cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death in Western countries. The adjuvant chemotherapy treatment based on the use of fluoropyrimidine, especially 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the mainstay of the pharmacological treatment of colorectal cancer. This treatment showed benefit in overall survival and progression-free survival in the adjuvant treatment of patients with stage II and III disease. In the last decade, the combination treatment with oxaliplatin has shown benefit in patients with either metastatic disease as with locoregional disease who underwent surgical treatment. However, the increased use of 5-FU and oxaliplatin, and increased patient survival have caused increased incidence of adverse events. 5-FU has cardiotoxic effects that may range from 1.2 to 18% depending upon the drug administration. Another adverse event of chemotherapy for colon cancer is neurotoxicity. Peripheral neuropathy is one of the toxicities associated with treatment with Oxaliplatin and its characteristics to be dose-dependent and cumulative. Thus, the adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-FU and oxaliplatin may cause cardiotoxicity, changes in vascular function and increased oxidative stress. What is not known are the effects of treatment of 5-FU and oxaliplatin in cardiac autonomic modulation and peripheral vascular function. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-FU isolated and associated with oxaliplatin in cardiac autonomic control and endothelium-dependent vascular function in patients undergoing colectomy for stages II and III colon cancer. Will be performed evaluation of cardiac and vascular function, autonomic control, functional capacity and blood evaluations.
The invention comprises 6-chloro-7-sulphamyl-3:4-dihydro-1:2:4-benzothiadiazine-1:1 -dioxide of the formula :- <FORM:0847064/IV(b)/1> and its alkali metal salts, and the preparation thereof by reacting 5-chloro-2:4-disulphamylaniline or an addition or alkali metal salt thereof with formaldehyde in approximately equimolar proportions of the reactants and, if desired, converting the product, when an alkali metal salt, into the free compound, or, when the free compound, into an alkali metal salt.  The formaldehyde may be used in the form of a polymer or reactive functional derivative.ALSO:Pharmaceutical compositions comprise 6-chloro-7-sulphanyl-3:4-dihydro-1:2:4-benzothiadiazine or an alkali metal salt thereof in admixture with an inert pharmaceutical carrier suitable for enteral or parenteral administration.  Suitable carriers are benzyl alcohols, cholesterol, gelatine, gums, lactose, magnesium stearate, polyalkylene glycols, petroleum jelly, starches, talc, vegetable oils or any other known carriers for medicaments.  Other therapeutic substances may be incorporated, such as hypotensive agents like Rauwoldfia or Veratrum alkaloids (e.g. deserpidine, germine, protoveratrine, rescinnamine or reserpine), synthetic hypotensive compounds like hydralazine or ganglionic blockers like chlorisondamine.  They may be sterilised and/or contain auxillary substances like emulsifying, preserving, stabilising and wetting agents, salts for varying the osmotic pressure or buffers, and may take the form of capsules, dragees, emulsions, solutions, suspensions or tablets.  The compositions have a diuretic and natriuretic effect.
This invention involves a type of oligosaccharides and its sulfate derivatives. The backbone of the oligosaccharides consists of 3 to 14 sugar residues, while the side chains contain 0 to 4 sugar residues. There is at least one 1→3α linkage in the backbone. This invention also involves the dendrimers composed of 2 to 3 oligosaccharides that are combined by polyhydroxyl compounds. These oligosaccharides, their sulfates and dendrimers have immune enhancing, antitumor, and antiviral activities. They can be used in immune enhancing, antitumor, and antiviral medicine compounds that would be used as therapeutic treatments.
Subjects will receive an individualized dietary plan according to their nutritional status, socioeconomic and cultural preferences. Protein intake 1-1.5g/kg body weight; 30% fat (mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids), vitamin A sources (1300 RAE). Each subject will have 7 interchangeable options for every meal time, all equivalent in macronutrient content, and every two weeks a new menu will be provided by a nutritionist.
MEK112110 is a dose-escalation, open-label study to determine the recommended dose and regimen for the orally administered MEK inhibitor GSK1120212 dosed in combination with everolimus in subjects with solid tumors. This will be accomplished using a dose-escalation procedure starting at low doses of GSK1120212 and everolimus. Dose escalation will continue based on predefined parameters until the maximum tolerated dose is identified. The recommended doses and regimens will be selected based on the safety and pharmacokinetic profiles. The clinical activity of GSK1120212 dosed in combination with everolimus will be explored further in an expansion cohort consisting of 20 subjects with metastatic pancreatic cancer. In addition a substudy will be conducted in 40 subjects with KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer.
The efficacy of Mirena in the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding was studied in a randomized, open-label, active-control, parallel-group trial comparing Mirena (n=79) to an approved therapy, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (n=81), over 6 cycles. The subjects included reproductive-aged women in good health, with no contraindications to the drug products and with confirmed heavy menstrual bleeding (≥ 80 mL menstrual blood loss [MBL]) determined using the alkaline hematin method. Excluded were women with organic or systemic conditions that may cause heavy uterine bleeding (except small fibroids, with total volume not > 5 mL). Treatment with Mirena showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in MBL (see Figure 12) and a statistically significantly greater number of subjects with successful treatment (see Figure 13). Successful treatment was defined as proportion of subjects with (1) end-of-study MBL < 80 mL and (2) a ≥ 50% decrease in MBL from baseline to end-of-study.

Figure 12: Median Menstrual Blood Loss (MBL) by Time and Treatment

Figure 13: Proportion of Subjects with Successful Treatment
Disclosed are methods of producing modified microcrystalline chitosan. Chitosan in aqueous solution is degraded enzymatically, hydrolytically or oxidatively. The chitosan solution is then alkalized with agitation using aqueous hydroxides and/or their salts to attain a pH not lower than 7.0. The precipitated modified microcrystalline chitosan is highly pure and may be concentrated and dried according to known methods. Methods according to the invention also include methods by which an aqueous solution of chitosan is first alkalized using hydroxides and/or their salts to a pH not lower than 7.0. Then the precipitated microcrystalline chitosan is subjected to enzymatic or oxidative degradation to achieve a desired average molecular weight and polydispersity. The product is highly pure and may be concentrated and dried according to known methods.
Topical tacrolimus suspension will be formulated and aseptically prepared from commercially available intravenous tacrolimus, PROGRAF® (Astellas Pharma US, Inc), and transferred into a sterile dropper container by the MEEI pharmacy. A formulation of 0.05% (5mg/10ml) concentration of tacrolimus with diluting solvent, LiquiTears Ophthalmic Solution (Major Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) will be used. Patients will be instructed to keep refrigerated each bottle after opening for 9 days and keep frozen the unopened bottles up to 45 days. They will also be instructed to shake the bottles at least 20 times before using it.
PURPOSE: A composition for skin whitening containing ginsenoside Rg3 is provided to suppress pigmentation without side effect and to treat melasma and freckles. CONSTITUTION: A composition for skin whitening contains ginsenoside Rg3 as an active ingredient. A cosmetic composition for skin whitening contains the composition containing ginsenoside Rg3. The composition is prepared in the form of a solution, suspension, emulsion, paste, gel, cream, lotion, powder, soap, surfactant-containing cleansing, oil, powder, foundation, emulsion foundation, wax foundation, or spray. A pharmaceutical composition for skin whitening contains the composition containing the ginsenoside Rg3. The composition is contained in 0.001-10 wt% based on total composition.
Healthy subjects will be recruited for a 3-week, randomized, parallel-controlled study. Subjects that are eligible to take part in the study will be blinded and randomly allocated to consume a fibre-rich bread or a control bread daily for 3 weeks. Measurements of biomarkers related to the gut-brain axis, microbiota composition and functioning, intestinal permeability, stress and cognitive functioning will be conducted on two separate test days, at baseline and after the 3 weeks intervention. On both test days (day 0 and day 21) subjects will come to the study centre after a 10 hours overnight fast and will deliver faecal samples collected at home. At the study centre, blood samples will be collected and a device for continuous assessment of autonomic nervous system response (Biopac) will be placed. Subjects will drink a multisugar solution and urine samples will be collected for gut permeability analysis. Sugar solution intake will be followed by a baseline period during which participants will rest for 30 minutes to adapt to the laboratory setting. After the baseline period, subjects will conduct a stress test and cognitive tests. Visual analogue scales (VAS) to assess momentary perceived stress levels and saliva samples will be collected before and after the stress test. The study subjects will also complete questionnaires at both visits (food frequency questionnaire, food diary, physical activity, gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, Euro Quality of Life).
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an agent for inhibiting the settlement of non-beneficiary intestinal microorganisms, e.g. Escherichia coli and the like, or a food and beverage or feed having an inhibitory effect on the settlement of non-beneficiary intestinal microorganisms. SOLUTION: As an active ingredient in agents for inhibiting the settlement of non-beneficiary intestinal microorganisms, an immunoglobulin, e.g. immunoglobulin G or the like, is used and in order to impart an inhibitory effect on the fixation of unprofitable enteral microorganisms to foods and beverages or feeds, an immunoglobulin is compounded. As the immunoglobulin used, that arising from the milk of mammals is favorable. This immunoglobulin has an effect of inhibiting the settlement to intestines of non-beneficiary intestinal microorganisms, but it possesses the characteristic that the settlement to intestines of beneficial intestinal microorganisms, e.g. Bifidobacterium bifidum and the like, is not almost inhibited.  Therefore, by taking the agent for inhibiting the settlement of non-beneficiary intestinal microorganisms or the food and beverage or feed having an inhibitory effect on the settlement of non-beneficiary intestinal microorganisms, enteral fungus floras can be improved.
Constipation is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal system characterized by difficult bowel movements, infrequent defecation, reduced water content, and hard stools. This study aims to evaluate the preventive effects of fermented gold kiwis (FGK) on loperamide-induced constipation in rats and investigate its efficacy in improving constipation symptoms in human patients through a randomized clinical trial. In the animal study, FGK was administered orally at doses of 50, 125, and 250 mg/kg to constipated rats for two weeks, resulting in significant improvements in constipation parameters. FGK increased serum serotonin and acetylcholine levels and suppressed increases in serum dopamine concentration. FGK also upregulated mRNA expression of the serotonin-synthesizing receptors 5-HT3R and 5-HT4R and suppressed the expression of the dopamine 2-receptor (D2R) in the duodenum. Furthermore, FGK inhibited inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. In the clinical trials, the improvement in constipation symptoms was evaluated using the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS). Clinical trial participants reported significant improvements in constipation symptoms after receiving FGK. These findings suggest that FGK effectively relieves constipation in both animals and humans, indicating its potential as an effective dietary supplement.
Using Tablet Computer Motivated Instruction to motivate patient learning breath skill and maintain practive. Research nurse will give 3 times instruction to patients during hospitalization. This arm estimated including 77 subjects.
PURPOSE: Patients with Kienbock disease can present with coronal fracture and collapse of the proximal lunate (Unified B2/Bain grade 1, 2B). Traditionally, this was considered unsalvageable. However, medial femoral trochlea (MFT) osteochondral reconstruction, used to recreate the proximal lunate surface, can be paired with reduction and repair of the coronal plane fracture, thus restoring midcarpal congruity. The purpose of this study was to report radiographic and clinical outcomes following lunate coronal fracture fixation at the time of MFT osteochondral reconstruction.
METHODS: This was a retrospective study performed at a single institution. We identified patients with Kienbock disease who underwent MFT osteochondral reconstruction from 2014 to 2023. Patients were included if they had a coronal fracture of the lunate distal articular surface fixed at the time of surgery. Radiographic and clinical parameters were evaluated, including carpal height ratio, union rate, presence of heterotopic ossification, need for revision surgery, and patient-reported outcome measures.
RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were included, with a mean age of 27.5 years (range: 15-41); 19 (58%) were women. Mean radiographic follow-up time was 5.8 months, and mean clinical follow-up time was 22.6 months. Union was achieved in 30/33 patients (91%). Carpal height ratio improved from 1.32 to 1.4. Two patients (6%) required reoperation, one for removal of heterotopic ossification and another for conversion to proximal row carpectomy. Patients demonstrated meaningful improvement in brief Michigan Hand Questionnaire and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Upper Extremity scores. Range of motion before and after surgery was similar.
CONCLUSIONS: Lunate coronal fracture fixation with MFT osteochondral reconstruction represents an additional management option in select patients with Kienbock disease. This technique restores the midcarpal joint during lunate reconstruction and may allow patients to avoid salvage procedures. Early radiographic and clinical outcomes are promising.
TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.
A method for synthesizing a medicinal, nutraceutical, or food fullerene composition, including providing anisotropy in polar and non-polar C60 fullerene hemispheres to create one face of C60 fullerene having a small number of OH-groups clustered to the polar face; providing an amount of a polyhydroxylated fullerene from C60 fullerene; and blending the amount of the polyhydroxylated fullerene with an acceptable ionomer or an acceptable carrier or both. The polyhydroxylated fullerene includes fullerol-'x′ and the amount includes 200 ppm or 500 ppm, wherein ‘x’ is less than 22. The acceptable ionomer includes honey, or a mixture of 3% by wt. sucrose, 1% by wt. proline, 0.2% by wt. magnesium citrate, and 1% by wt. beta-cyclodextrin. The acceptable carrier includes water or a gelatin. A stent, a medical bandage, medical packing material, medical drainage material, acupuncture support, topical ointment, or suture material is impregnated with an anisotropic polyhydroxylated fullerene for antimicrobial action.
The formation of buds on the cell membrane of budding yeast cells is thought to be driven by reactions and diffusion involving the protein Cdc42. These processes can be described by a coupled system of partial differential equations known as the Schnakenberg system. The Schnakenberg system is known to exhibit diffusion-driven pattern formation, thus providing a mechanism for bud formation. However, it is not known how the accumulation of bud scars on the cell membrane affect the ability of the Schnakenberg system to form patterns. We have approached this problem by modelling a bud scar on the cell membrane with a hole on the sphere. We have studied how the spectrum of the Laplace-Beltrami operator, which determines the resulting pattern, is affected by the size of the hole, and by numerically solving the Schnakenberg system on a sphere with a hole using the finite element method. Both theoretical predictions and numerical solutions show that pattern formation is robust to the introduction of a bud scar of considerable size, which lends credence to the hypothesis that bud formation is driven by diffusion-driven instability.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject composition capable of remarkably enhancing the body absorption of the carotinoid dissolved in a fatty oil and useful for beverages, foods, etc., by using both a polyglycerol fatty acid ester and lecithin as emulsifiers. SOLUTION: (A) An oil phase produced by dissolving (i) a carotinoid in (ii) a fatty oil (e.g. corn oil) is emulsified in (B) an aqueous phase containing (v) a polyhydric alcohol (e.g. glycerol) in the presence of (iii) a polyglycerol fatty acid ester and (iv) lecithin (e.g. soybean lecithin) to obtain the objective composition wherein the average particle diameter of the component A is <=100nm. The component (i) includes a carotinoid obtained by extracting palm oil, and the component (iii) includes the ester of a polyglycerol having a degree of polymerization of 6-10 with a 12-22C fatty acid, concretely, decaglycerol monostearate.
For patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis, or pJIA no dosage adjustment is needed in patients with mild (eGFR 60 to < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2), moderate (eGFR 30 to < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), or severe renal impairment (eGFR 15 to < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2). 

For patients with atopic dermatitis, the maximum recommended dosage of RINVOQ is 15 mg once daily for patients with severe renal impairment. No dosage adjustment is needed in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment.

For patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, the recommended dosage of RINVOQ for severe renal impairment is 30 mg once daily for induction and 15 mg once daily for maintenance. No dosage adjustment is needed in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.11)]. 

RINVOQ/RINVOQ LQ has not been studied in patients with end stage renal disease (eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73m2). Use in patients with atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis, or Crohn’s disease with end stage renal disease is not recommended [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].