anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Unlike acute appendicitis, chronic appendicitis is characterized by nonspecific abdominal pain and intermittent course. This may lead to late diagnosis or misdiagnosis, with the possibility of serious complications.
CASE REPORT: A male patient of Arab origin aged 55 years had a 2-year history of recurrent episodes of mild pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. The episodes were associated with nausea, chills, and abdominal bloating but no vomiting, rectal bleeding, or weight loss. On examination, the patient showed soft and lax abdomen with mild tenderness in the right lower quadrant, with no organomegaly or abdominal masses. Laboratory findings showed normal complete blood count and C-reactive protein. The patient underwent colonoscopy to rule out malignancy, which showed appendiceal orifice polyp that required resection. The computed tomography scan showed an enlarged appendix with multiple intraluminal dense appendicoliths. The largest stone at the appendiceal orifice measured 1.5 cm × 0.9 cm and was partially protruding within the cecal lumen. The diagnosis of chronic appendicitis was confirmed. The patient underwent appendectomy and was asymptomatic a few days after discharge.
CONCLUSIONS: We are reporting a patient with chronic appendicitis presented with multiple appendicoliths. The patient was initially misdiagnosed as periappendiceal orifice polyp. The current finding highlights the importance of imaging, especially computed tomography in confirming the diagnosis in patients with atypical appendicitis presentation.
Participants receive pembrolizumab 400 mg via intravenous (IV) infusion for eighteen 6-week cycles (approximately 2 years) PLUS paclitaxel 80 mg/m\^2 via IV infusion on Days 1, 8, and 15 of each 3-week cycle until intolerance or disease progression. Participants who experience severe hypersensitivity reaction to paclitaxel or an AE requiring discontinuation of paclitaxel may receive docetaxel (75 mg/m\^2 every 3 weeks \[Q3W\]) after Sponsor consultation. Participants may also receive bevacizumab 10 mg/kg via IV infusion of each 2-week cycle until intolerance, disease progression, or at the Investigator's discretion.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a disease of the lungs characterized by chronic airflow obstruction. Individuals with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) may be at risk for developing COPD. This study aimed to characterize PRISm and COPD patients in terms of their immune response and endocrine profile to identify differences extending beyond lung function. The participants performed the clinical assessment, pulmonary function test, and blood collection to determine serum hormone levels and concentrations of cytokine. Differences were observed in the nutritional status, lung function, and comorbidity. There were no differences in IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF levels between PRISm and COPD groups. Both PRISm and COPD patients have lower dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels than controls. Correlation analysis of PRISm and COPD patients revealed positive correlations between serum levels of DHEA-S and DHEA, with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), which negatively correlated with IL-8 levels. The results indicated that despite differences in lung function parameters, the PRISm and COPD groups exhibited similarities in endocrine profile alterations. This study represents the first attempt to link endocrine with immune markers and lung function in individuals with PRISm.
Pyroptosis, a newly identified form of programmed cell death intertwined with inflammatory responses, is facilitated by the Gasdermin family's pore-forming activity, leading to cell lysis and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This process is a double-edged sword in innate immunity, offering protection against pathogens while risking excessive inflammation and tissue damage when dysregulated. Specifically, pyroptosis operates through two distinct signaling pathways, namely the Caspase-1 pathway and the Caspase-4/5/11 pathway. In the context of chronic liver diseases like fibrosis and cirrhosis, inflammation emerges as a central contributing factor to their pathogenesis. The identification of inflammation is characterized by the activation of innate immune cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α. This review explores the interrelationship between pyroptosis and the inflammasome, a protein complex located in liver cells that recognizes danger signals and initiates Caspase-1 activation, resulting in the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. The article delves into the influence of the inflammasome and pyroptosis on various liver disorders, with a specific focus on their molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms. Additionally, the potential therapeutic implications of targeting pyroptosis for liver diseases are highlighted for future consideration.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to provide insight into the effect of genetically predicted linoleic acid (LA) levels on osteoarthritis (OA).
METHODS: The LA dataset was obtained from the UK Biobank (UKBB) consortium and contained 114,999 samples. The OA discovery dataset was derived from MRC-IEU consortium and included 38,472 cases and 424,461 controls. The OA validation set was derived from a summary-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) and included 39,427 cases and 378,169 controls. Genetic variants strongly associated with LA (p < 5 × 10- 8) were extracted as instrumental variables (IVs). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach was adopted as the primary analysis method in this study. In addition, multiple sensitivity analysis methods were used to assess the reliability of our results.
RESULTS: The IVW approach showed that circulating LA levels were negatively associated with OA risk in the discovery set (odds ratio (OR) = 0.993, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.988-0.998, p = 0.011). A consistent result was obtained in the validation set (OR = 0.904, 95%CI: 0.845-0.967, p = 0.003). These results were validated by sensitivity analysis.
CONCLUSION: This study provides new evidence for the causal relationship between LA and OA, which provides new insights for the treatment of OA.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) pose linked, major threats to aging societies worldwide, but the relationship between these two diseases remains poorly understood. Hence, insulin resistance may account for the close epidemiological association between AD and T2DM. A major gap in the understanding of this association, however, is how brain insulin resistance develops in the context of AD. Studies show that circadian disruption impairs metabolic control and increases the risk for diabetes and obesity. Vice versa, disrupted sleep and depression are closely linked to impaired metabolic control and increased diabetes risk in the general population. Notably, AD is associated with circadian disruption, which may be amplified by exposure to irregular light-dark patterns or constant dim light. To what extent circadian disruption contributes to increased diabetes risk in AD remains unclear. Here, the investigator aims to test whether a novel tailored lighting intervention (TLI) designed to promote circadian entrainment in AD patients can improve metabolic control. Preliminary data from ongoing studies demonstrates a beneficial effect of light treatment on sleep and depression. Given the close association of sleep on metabolic control, these data support the hypothesis that light therapy that promotes entrainment can restore metabolic control in AD patients. Specifically, the investigator will test the efficacy of a practical, scientifically sophisticated 24-hour lighting system for increasing circadian entrainment in older adults with AD and related dementias (ADRD). The major goal is to demonstrate that a practical, effective, tailored, nonpharmacological intervention that promotes circadian entrainment can be used to improve sleep, reduce inflammation, and ameliorate glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in AD/ADRD patients.

Aim 1: Test if a TLI that promotes entrainment can improve sleep, depression, inflammation, and glucose tolerance in patients with moderate to late stages ADRD. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study involving 60 ADRD patients who live in controlled environments, the investigators will investigate whether an 8-week exposure to a TLI designed to increase circadian entrainment (urinary melatonin and activity-rest patterns) will improve inflammation and glucose tolerance (oral glucose tolerance test), and reduce sleep disturbances (actigraphy, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) and depressive symptoms (Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, CSDD) compared to a control, circadian-inactive light.
Mental leisure activities control activities were chosen to: 1) control for computer, online experience \[and amount of time\]; 2) not induce acute stress (i.e., without time management, speed component, or novel cognitive stimuli); 3) simulate participants' everyday mental activities; and 4) entertain participants to keep them from dropping out. Cross-word, Sudoku, and solitaire games will be used, which were also used in previous VSOP training study as control exercises. Participants can choose to practice any combination of games. At the end of their participation, the MLA control group will be provided with free 6-week access to the VSOP training program.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fomentation sheet suitable for adhering to the skin surface of legs, shoulders, elbows, knees, loins, or the like, at which unpleasant feeling such as pain is felt.  <P>SOLUTION: This fomentation sheet is obtained by forming a fomentation sheet part 6, forming a center recessed part 8, inserting and attaching stone particles 9 having far infrared energy-radiating properties at low temperatures such as vermiculite and tourmaline into the center recessed part 8, and sticking a fixing adhesive sheet 12 thereto. The fomentation sheet part 6 is obtained by sandwiching a mixed powder layer 3 of a sap raw powder 1 obtained by drying and powdering sap such as pyroligneous acid or bamboo pyroligneous acid, and a stone powder 2 having the far infrared energy-radiating properties at low temperatures such as the vermiculite and the tourmaline between a cotton nonwoven fabric fragment 4 and a chemical nonwoven fabric fragment 5. The center recessed part 8 is formed over the surface part 7 of the chemical nonwoven fabric fragment 5 to the cotton nonwoven fabric fragment 6. The fixing adhesive sheet 12 has a projected adhesive part 11 projected from the perimeter part 10 of the chemical nonwoven fabric fragment 5 and capable of being stuck to the human skin, and is stuck to the surface part 7 of the chemical nonwoven fabric fragment so as to cover the stone particles 9.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
The patients in S-ketamine group received 0.25 mg/kg intravenous S-ketamine (Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China) drip under general anesthesia induction, followed by continuous infusion of S-ketamine with 0.12 mg/kg/h for more than 30 minutes through target-controlled infusion. Drug A: S-ketamine, diluted to 1mg/ml with normal saline, total 50ml).
Two recent randomized placebo-controlled trials show that gestational diabetes (GDM) treatment (vs. none) improves maternal and perinatal outcomes, based on diagnosis with a 2- step screening strategy. Also, a large multi-center prospective cohort study showed a linear relationship with glucose and maternal and perinatal outcomes, based on screening with a single 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Based on this large cohort's findings, the American Diabetes Association recommended that clinical practice adopt the 1-step 75g screening approach for diagnosing GDM. The American College of Obstetrics \& Gynecology took the opposite stance, recommending the traditional 2-step screening: because it alone has RCT outcome evidence. What is urgently needed to best inform clinical practice and health policy is not an additional GDM treatment vs. control trial, but a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing the 2 recommended clinical strategies. To pragmatically address this critical research gap, we propose to randomize an estimated 17,626 diverse women to GDM screening (2-step vs. 75g OGTT) as part of their clinical care in the Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW) and Hawaii (KPH) regional health plans. The investigators will use the plans' electronic medical record (EMR) system at the time of GDM screening to randomize the women. Both KPNW and KPH regions universally screen for GDM at 24-28 weeks gestation, as part of clinical care. By randomizing GDM screening in the context of clinical care, the investigators will: Compare GDM prevalences (Aim 1) and differences in maternal and perinatal outcomes between screening strategies (Aim 2). Determine the concordance of the 75g OGTT with GDM diagnosed by 2-step, among a recruited sub-sample of 1,000 pregnant women at KPNW and KPH (Aim 3). The results of this pragmatic RCT are expected to help resolve the current public policy debate on the potential benefits and risks of each strategy in clinical obstetric practice.
After the oocyte retrieval, the oocytes will be selected depending on the morphology of the granular cells. The transfer will be conducted in up to 2 hours after the oocytes collection, when the semen and up to 3 oocytes will be transferred. Surplus oocytes will be cryopreserved for future use. We will use a Sydney catheter (Cook Medical Inc., Bloomington, IN, USA) coupled to a 1 mL syringe to perform the transfer. The catheter will be loaded with oocytes and semen prepared in the following sequence: 10 µL of the prepared semen, a small space of air, 20 µL of the medium containing the oocytes, another small space of air and more 10 µL of prepared semen. The catheter will be placed through the endocervical canal up to the endometrial cavity guided by transabdominal ultrasound, where the liquid will be released. We will try to place the point of the catheter 1.0-1.5cm before touching the fundus of the endometrial cavity and release the liquid slowly, in approximately 30 seconds.
A method and composition for promoting the healing of an open wound, such as a fresh surgical incision, a decubitus ulcer, or a diabetes ulcer. The method includes applying to the wound a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a protein fragment of tumor necrosis factor  alpha (TNF- alpha ) including amino acids 31 through 68 SEQ ID NO.: 1. The composition may be applied topically or injected locally into a wound or ulcer site. A preferred composition includes a carrier medium selected from sterile water, sterile saline, and albumin. Topical formulations are administered as sprays, gels, ointments or salves.
PURPOSE:To provide a granular substance effective for eliminating bitter taste and decreasing rough feeling to the palate. CONSTITUTION:The objective granule is produced by coating a core substance with a pharmaceutical agent and covering the coated core with a polymeric substance. The polymeric substance is e.g. a substance soluble in stomach such as aminoalkyl methacrylate, an enteric substance such as cellulose acetate phthalate or a polymeric substance soluble independent of pH such as methyl cellulose. The core substance is e.g. starch having an average particle size of 30-150mum.
Subjects randomized to the PEG/RBV-DOT arm receive weekly provider-administered pegylated interferon alfa-2a injections plus modified directly observed ribavirin therapy. We describe this as modified because ribavirin ingestion is observed at the methadone window three to six days per week based on the participants' methadone pick-up schedule, and only one of two daily doses is observed.
You will be given a higher dose of Avmacol® each month, taking 2 Avmacol® tablets per day the first month (Cycle 1), 4 Avmacol® tablets per day the second month (Cycle 2), and 8 Avmacol® tablets per day the third month (Cycle 3). Investigators will study how Avmacol® affects your body by collecting three different tissues: 1) your cheek cells (buccal cells); 2) your urine; and 3) your blood. After you have finished three months of Avmacol®, you will return one month later for an end-of-study visit.
OBJECTIVES: I. Compare the time of WBC decreased by 10%,20%,30%,50% of these patients treated with these two drugs. II. Compare the time of spleen size decreased by 10%,20%,30%,50% of chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia patients treated with imatinib to those treated with hydroxyurea pulse therapy. III. Compare the time to achieve complete remission (CR) of these patients treated with these two drugs. iv. Estimate the overall survival, event-free survival, progression-free survival (OS, EFS, PFS) and major cytogenetic response of these patients treated with these two drugs.

OUTLINE: Patients are to receive one of two treatments. Arm I: Induction: Patients receive oral hydroxyurea daily (hydroxyurea pulse therapy) until hematological remission. Maintenance: continuing hydroxyurea pulse therapy to maintain white blood cells below 8. 0 × 109 / L. Arm II: Induction: Patients receive imatinib 400mg qd until acceptable blood counts are achieved. Maintenance: Follow the recommendations of the NCCN guidelines for chronic-phase CML treatment.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 60 patients (30 per arm) will be accrued for this study within 2 years.
Potassium Acetate Injection, USP (2 mEq/mL) is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, concentrated solution of potassium acetate in water for injection. The solution is administered after dilution by the intravenous route as an electrolyte replenisher. It must not be administered undiluted.

Each mL contains 196 mg of potassium acetate which provides 2 mEq each of potassium (K+) and acetate (CH3COO-). The solution may contain acetic acid for pH adjustment. The pH is 6.2 (range: 5.5 to 8.0). The osmolar concentration is 4 mOsmol/mL (calc.); specific gravity is 1.089.

The Pharmacy Bulk Package is a sterile dosage which contains multiple single doses for use only in a pharmacy bulk admixture program.

The solution is intended as an alternative to potassium chloride to provide potassium ion (K+) for addition to large volume infusion fluids for intravenous use. 

Potassium Acetate, USP is chemically designated CH3COOK, and is comprised of colorless crystals or a white crystalline powder that is very soluble in water.

The Pharmacy Bulk Package is designed for use with manual, gravity flow operations and automated compounding devices for preparing sterile parenteral nutrient admixtures. The Pharmacy Bulk Package contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent, or added buffer. Multiple single doses may be dispensed during continual aliquoting operations.
BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) is a highly efficacious treatment for cervical dystonia, but its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Here, we investigate the brain metabolic effects of GPi-DBS in cervical dystonia.
METHODS: Eleven patients with GPi-DBS underwent brain 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging during stimulation on and off. Changes in regional brain glucose metabolism were investigated at the active contact location and across the whole brain. Changes in motor symptom severity were quantified using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS), executive function using trail making test (TMT) and parkinsonism using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).
RESULTS: The mean (SD) best therapeutic response to DBS during the treatment was 81 (22)%. The TWSTRS score was 3.2 (3.9) points lower DBS on compared with off (p=0.02). At the stimulation site, stimulation was associated with increased metabolism, which correlated with DBS stimulation amplitude (r=0.70, p=0.03) but not with changes in motor symptom severity (p>0.9). In the whole brain analysis, stimulation increased metabolism in the GPi, subthalamic nucleus, putamen, primary sensorimotor cortex (PFDR<0.05). Acute improvement in TWSTRS correlated with metabolic activation in the sensorimotor cortex and overall treatment response in the supplementary motor area. Worsening of TMT-B score was associated with activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and parkinsonism with activation in the putamen.
CONCLUSIONS: GPi-DBS increases metabolic activity at the stimulation site and sensorimotor network. The clinical benefit and adverse effects are mediated by modulation of specific networks.
Participants who will complete the treatment period prior to the end of Week 8 will enter the withdrawal period where they will be treated with placebo (2 capsules taken orally) for the remaining time of the double-blind phase of the study. Investigators and participants will be blinded to exact duration of each participant-specific withdrawal period.
Up to three planned panels (A, B and C) of either 8 healthy participants or 8 participants with mild to moderate hypertension will be enrolled. For Panel A and Panel B, dosing will occur in an alternating fashion between Panel A and Panel B with dosing commencing in Panel A. Participants will receive alternating single rising oral doses of MK-8150 or placebo in up to 5 treatment periods (Periods 1 through 5). Subsequent doses in any Panel will be administered only after careful evaluation of safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamic effects of a given dose. For Panel C, participants will receive single rising oral doses of MK-8150 or placebo in up to 5 treatment periods (Periods 1 through 5). Depending on safety, tolerability and hemodynamic effects observed in the healthy participants, Panels A and/or B may be truncated and dosing may proceed in Panel C with hypertensive participants. In this case, dosing of hypertensive participants in Panel C will start with the second highest dose achieved in healthy participants.

Amendment 1 of the protocol added Panel D (healthy males) based on the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety results from Panels A-C. Participants in Panel D will receive single rising oral doses of MK-8150 or placebo in up to 5 treatment periods (Periods 1 through 5) at a dose range of 50 mg to 500 mg of MK-8150. Each treatment period will be approximately 3-4 days apart.
The present invention relates to an anti-CLL1 single-domain antibody and use thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a single-domain antibody having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 1. The single-domain antibody has high affinity, can specifically target a CLL1-positive cell, and can be applied to the detection of CLL1 expression in bone marrow cells of AML patients. The single-domain antibody can be prepared into a specific antibody drug clinically used for preventing and treating CLL1 target-related diseases (such as acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, or chronic myeloid leukemia), and can also be used for preparing CAR cells targeting CLL1, a detection kit for a CLL1 protein, or the like. The single-domain antibody drug is stable in structure, small in molecule, easy to recombinantly express, and low in production cost, and can be used alone or as a drug loading system to carry related drugs, which has very wide prospects and important significance in the fields of drug application, clinical diagnosis, and the like.