anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Chronic viral hepatitis is common in dialysis patients, with the reported prevalence and annual incidence of 3-80% and 2.9%, respectively. The high incidence and prevalence in thse patients are attributed to potential nosocomial exposure to hepatitis C virus during dialysis, resulting in high rates of acute hepatitis C virus infection. It is estimated that about 65-80% of the patients who have acute hepatitis C will evolve to chronic infection, leading to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, interferon and pegylated interferon monotherapy remains effective to treat acute hepatitis C in ordinary patients, with the sustained virologic response (SVR) rates ranging from 65-90% after 12-24 weeks of therapy. However, few data regarding the efficacy and safety of interferon-based monotherapy is known till now. Treatment of weekly 135 pegylated interferon alfa-2a has shown superior safety to thrice weekly 3 million unit (MU) standard interferon alfa-2a for dialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C. Under the excellent safety profiles of treating dialysis patients with low dose pegylated interferon alfa-2a, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of weekly 135 ug pegylated interferon alfa-2a for a total of 24 weeks for dialysis patients with acute hepatitis C, and also evaluate the SVR rate by retrospective chart review for dialysis patients with acute hepatitis C who did not receive interferon-based therapy to evaluate if early intervention for these patients will improve overall disease outcome.
The invention provides externally applied medicinal liquor for treating chilblain. The medicinal liquor is characterized by being prepared from the following medicinal materials by weight: 3-12 dried hot peppers (with stems), 10-30 dried peppers, 10-50g of peeled old ginger and 100-400ml of 50-degree distilled spirit. The preparation method comprises the following steps: soaking the hot pepper, pepper and ginger in distilled spirit for 7 days for later use. According to the medicinal liquor, hot pepper is hot in property and tasted spicy, and has the effects of warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold; pepper is tasted spicy and hot in property, has small toxicity, focuses on channels of spleen, stomach and kidneys, and has the effects of warming middle jiao, relieving pain, and killing parasites to relieve itching; ginger is tasted spicy and slightly warm in property, focuses on channels of lung and spleen, and has the effects of inducing sweat and dispelling exogenous evils; distilled spirit is tasted bitter, sweet and spicy and warm in property, is toxic, focuses on channels of heart, liver, lung and stomach, and has the effects of promoting blood circulation, defending against cold, activating spleen, warming spleen and stomach and promoting drug effect. The medicinal materials have the effects of warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold, activating blood circulation to warm skin. The using method comprises the following steps: applying the prepared medicinal liquor to the position with chilblain with disinfected swab 3-5 times a day, and 15 days are taken as a course of treatment. The medicinal liquor is applied one more course of treatment in summer for consolidation, and chilblain can be radically cured in the next year.
Carcinogenesis - Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of either lidocaine or prilocaine. Chronic oral toxicity studies of o-toluidine, a metabolite of prilocaine, have shown that this compound is a carcinogen in both mice and rats. The tumors associated with o-toluidine included hepatocarcinomas/adenomas in female mice, multiple occurrences of hemangiosarcomas/hemangiomas in both sexes of mice, sarcomas of multiple organs, transitional-cell carcinomas/papillomas of urinary bladder in both sexes of rats, subcutaneous fibromas/fibrosarcomas and mesotheliomas in male rats, and mammary gland fibroadenomas/adenomas in female rats. These findings were observed at the lowest tested dose of 150 mg/kg/day or greater over two years (estimated daily exposures in mice and rats were approximately 6 and 12 times, respectively, the estimated exposure to o-toluidine at the maximum recommended human dose of 8.5g of Oraqix gel on a mg/m2 basis). Thus, the no effect dose is less than 6 to 12 times the estimated exposure to o-toluidine at the maximum recommended human dose, assuming 100% bioavailability of prilocaine from the Oraqix gel. Complete conversion of prilocaine to its metabolite o-toluidine on a molar basis is assumed. This gives a conversion on a weight basis of about 50% for prilocaine base (dependent on the molecular weights, i.e. 220 for prilocaine base and 107 for o-toluidine).

Mutagenesis \- The mutagenic potentials of lidocaine and prilocaine have been tested in the Ames Salmonella reverse mutation assay, an in vitro chromosome aberrations assay in human lymphocytes and in an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. There was no indication of any mutagenic effects for either compound in these studies. o-Toluidine, metabolite of prilocaine, was positive in Escherichia coli DNA repair and phage-induction assays. Urine concentrates from rats treated orally with 300 mg/kg o-toluidine were mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of metabolic activation. Several other tests on o-toluidine, including reverse mutations in five different Salmonella typhimurium strains with or without metabolic activation, and single strand breaks in DNA of V79 Chinese hamster cells, were negative.

Impairment of Fertility: The effect of lidocaine on fertility was examined in the rat model. Administration of 30 mg/kg, s.c. (180 mg/m2 or 1.4-fold the maximum recommended human oral dose for one treatment session assuming 100% bioavailability of lidocaine) to the mating pair did not produce alterations in fertility or general reproductive performance of rats. There are no studies that examine the effect of lidocaine or prilocaine on sperm parameters. The effects of prilocaine on fertility was examined in rats treated for 8 months with 10 or 30 mg/kg, s.c. lidocaine or prilocaine (60 mg/m2 and 180 mg/m2 on a body surface area basis, respectively up to 1.4-fold the maximum recommended exposure for a single procedure assuming 100% bioavailability of lidocaine and prilocaine). This time period encompassed 3 mating periods. There was no evidence of altered fertility.
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a prevalent cardiac disease that causes over 370,000 deaths annually in the USA. In CHD, occlusion of a coronary artery causes ischemia of the cardiac muscle, which results in myocardial infarction (MI). Junctophilin-2 (JPH2) is a membrane protein that ensures efficient calcium handling and proper excitation-contraction coupling. Studies have identified loss of JPH2 due to calpain-mediated proteolysis as a key pathogenic event in ischemia-induced heart failure (HF). Our findings show that calpain-2-mediated JPH2 cleavage yields increased levels of a C-terminal cleaved peptide (JPH2-CTP) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and mice with experimental MI. We created a novel knock-in mouse model by removing residues 479-SPAGTPPQ-486 to prevent calpain-2-mediated cleavage at this site. Functional and molecular assessment of cardiac function post-MI in cleavage site deletion (CSD) mice showed preserved cardiac contractility and reduced dilation, reduced JPH2-CTP levels, attenuated adverse remodeling, improved T-tubular structure, and normalized SR Ca2+-handling. Adenovirus mediated calpain-2 knockdown in mice exhibited similar findings. Pulldown of CTP followed by proteomic analysis revealed valosin-containing protein (VCP) and BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3 (BAG3) as novel binding partners of JPH2. Together, our findings suggest that blocking calpain-2-mediated JPH2 cleavage may be a promising new strategy for delaying the development of HF following MI.
NEW MATERIAL:7-Isopropoxy-2-methyl-5-methoxychromone expressed by formula I. USE:An antiagglutination agent for blood platelets having inhibitory action on blood platelet agglutination and 140-141 deg.C melting point. PREPARATION:Commercially available fluoroacetophenone expressed by formula II, acetic anhydride and sodium acetate are refluxed to form a compound expressed by formula III, which is then hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and reacted with an aqueous solution of Na2CO3 to afford a compound expressed by formula IV. The resultant compound expressed by formula IV is then reacted with isopropyl amide in the presence of a base in a solvent to alkylate the 7-position, etc. Thus, the starting material 5-hydroxy-7-isopropoxy-2-methylchromone expressed by formula V is formed. The resultant compound expressed by formula V is then methylated with CH3I or dimethyl sulfate in the presence of a base, e.g. K2SO3, preferably in a solvent, e.g. acetone, at 40 deg.C - the refluxing temperature of the solvent to be used for 17-48hr to afford the aimed compound expressed by formula I.
Participants received 40 milligrams (mg) dexamethasone, orally, once per day for 4 consecutive days (Days 1, 2, 3, and 4). Participants in this treatment arm who failed to achieve a sustained response and had a platelet count of less than or equal to (≤)20 x 10\^9 platelets per liter (L; from Day 30 up to end of 6 months) were treated with salvage treatment of dexamethasone 40 mg, orally, once per day for 4 consecutive days (Days 1, 2, 3, and 4) and rituximab 375 mg per square meter (mg/m\^2), intravenously (IV), with premedication of oral acetaminophen 500 mg and chlorpheniramine 10 mg IV on Days 7, 14, 21, and 28.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of death in preterm infants, yet the disease mechanism is not well understood. Among the factors that have been studied are the change in stool microbiota (dysbiosis), severe anemia, and transfusion. Studies suggest that dysbiosis occurs in neonates with NEC. Large studies and meta-analyses have shown a predominance of Gammaproteobacteria, a decrease in Firmicutes, and decreased bacterial diversity in stool from infants with NEC. Studies do not support a relationship between transfusions and NEC since there are conflicting findings on this topic. There is a suggestion, however, that severe anemia may be associated with NEC though this requires further study.

No studies have been done evaluating the relationship between anemia and change in stool microbiota, or blood transfusion and change in stool microbiota. This study aims to primarily evaluate the relationship between anemia and stool microbiota, and secondarily evaluate the relationship between transfusion and stool microbiota.
People's life expectancy is increasing rapidly in line with technological progress in the quality of medical care. According to projections by the World Health Organization, it is estimated that by 2030, one in six people worldwide will be aged 60 and above. This figure is expected to reach 2.1 bilion by 2050, with the number of individuals aged 80 and above reaching 426 million.Surgical interventions in elderly patients are associated with increased rates of major complictions, prolonged hospital stays, unplanned readmissions and transfers to rehabilitation center, indicating adverse health outcomes. Therefore, considering the population growth rate, it is inevitable to develop new methods i planning surgical interventions for the elderly. As this point, challenges in surgical planning for individuals fallling under the definition of " frail eldely" become more pronounced. 'Frailty' is a biological syndrome resulting from cumulative declines in multiple physiological systems, leading to vulnerability aganist adverse outcomes, characterized by areduction in reserves and resistance to stress factors. This concept is considered an independent risk factor in predicting and managing postoperative adverse outcomes, beyond aging and comorbidity conditions.Taking into account its determinative impact on surgical outcomes, focusing on the planning of surgical procudures and optimizing postoperative results for patients falling under the definition of "frail elderly" can provide a suitable perspective. Numerous tools have been developed in the literature to measure frailty; however, there is no standardized and approved method for perioperative assessment.The FRAIL Scale, frequently applied in clinical practice to determine levels of frailty, is a practical and straightforward tool. The application, scoring and interpretation of this brief measurement based on interviews are easy. Another easy way to assess the health status of the elderly is to perform a functional assesment that indicates vulnerability and provides objective data. Among the tools used to assess basic activities of daily living, the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living is one of the best-known and most commonly used scales clinical practice and research studies.The study aims to determine the effectiveness of FRAIL Scale and Katz Activities of Daily Living assessments in predicting postoperative outcomes, including hospital stay,intensive care needs, readmission rates and duration, reoperation necessity and their associations with morbidity and mortality in patients aged 65-85 undergoing major abdominal surgery and identified in the "frail elderly" stage.
The recommended dose of 22 mg is administered by using one 11 mg nosepiece in each nostril [see Patient Counseling Information (17)]. For administration of ONZETRA Xsail, the patient removes the clear device cap from the reusable delivery device, then removes a disposable nosepiece from its foil pouch and clicks the nosepiece into the device body. The patient then fully presses and promptly releases the white piercing button on the device body to pierce the capsule inside the nosepiece. The white piercing button should only be pressed once and released prior to administration to each nostril. The nosepiece is then inserted into the nostril so that it makes a tight seal. Keeping the nosepiece in the nose, the device is rotated to place the mouthpiece into the mouth. The patient blows forcefully through the mouthpiece to deliver the sumatriptan powder into the nasal cavity. Vibration (e.g., a rattling noise) may occur, and indicates that the patient is blowing forcefully, as directed. Once the medication in the first nosepiece has been administered, the patient removes and discards the nosepiece. The same process must then be repeated using a second 11 mg nosepiece into the other nostril to administer the remainder of the total recommended 22 mg dose [see Patient Counseling Information (17)].
Disclosed are knottin peptides containing non-natural amino acids so that they can be formed by chemical conjugation into two or more knottin monomers. The knottin monomers comprise a non-natural amino acid such as an aminooxy residue within the polypeptide sequence. The exemplified dimers were produced by oxime formation between two aldehyde groups present on a polyether linker and an aminooxy functional group that was site-specifically incorporated the knottin. Knottins variants based on EETI ( Ecballium elaterium  trypsin inhibitor) and AgRP (Agouti-related protein) were engineered to contain integrin-binding loops. These dimers were shown to have increased binding strength to integrins on U87MG tumor cells, achieving significant increases in inhibition of cell adhesion and proliferation. Also disclosed are knottin monomers comprising an aminooxy residue; these may be conjugated to molecules such as doxorubicin.
The invention provides a method for treating immunological sterility and chronic genital tract inflammations. A kidney-nourishing blood-circulation-invigorating prescription No. 1 is used for treating immunological sterility and chronic genital tract inflammations, wherein the prescription No. 1 is composed of 10 traditional Chinese medicines consisting of 20 g of dodder seeds, 12 g of Chinese angelica, 12 g of peach seeds, 15 g of motherwort fruit, 15 g of prepared rehmannia root, 15 g of glossy privet fruit, 15 g of wolfberry, 18 g of cherokee rose-hip, etc.; one dosage of the prescription is decocted with water and taken each day; and patients should stop taking the prescription when in a menstrual period. For patients in a dampness-and-heat stagnation group, a dampness-eliminating stagnation-removing prescription is used, wherein the dampness-eliminating stagnation-removing prescription comprises 11 traditional Chinese medicines consisting of 20 g of red sage root, 20 g of patrinia herb, 15 g of oriental wormwood, 20 g of cowherb seed, 12 g of phellodendron bark, 15 g of dandelion, 12 g of curcuma tuber, 20 g of plantain herb, 12 g of peach seed, etc.; one dosage of the prescription is decocted with water and taken each day; and the patients should stop taking the prescription when in a menstrual period. One treatment course lasts for 3 months; treatment needs one treatment course; and observation needs one to two treatment courses.
BACKGROUND: Recent advances are in the genetics, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of moyamoya disease (MMD), and moyamoya syndrome (MMS), a term used to describe moyamoya-like vasculopathy associated with various systemic diseases or conditions.
SUMMARY: Ring finger protein (RNF213) has been reported to be a susceptibility gene not only for MMD but also for atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis and ischemic stroke attributable to large artery atherosclerosis. The latest guidelines by the Research Committee on MMD of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare, removed limitations of the previous definition that required bilateral involvement of the intracranial carotid artery to make the diagnosis, given the increasing evidence of progression to bilateral involvement in unilateral MMD. 3-dimensional constructive interference in steady-state MRI is useful for the differential diagnosis of MMD from atherosclerosis. Recent advances in the pathophysiology of MMD suggest that genetic and environmental factors play important roles in vascular angiogenesis and remodeling via complex mechanisms. The latest Japanese Guidelines and American Scientific Statement described that antiplatelet therapy can be considered reasonable. Endovascular interventional stent placement fails to prevent ischemic events and does not halt MMD progression. In the Japan Adult Moyamoya trial, a randomized controlled trial for bilateral extracranial-intracranial direct bypass versus conservative therapy in patients with MMD, who had intracranial hemorrhage, recurrent bleeding, completed stroke, or crescendo transient ischemic attack was significantly fewer with direct bypass than with conservative care.
KEY MESSAGES: This review presents updated information on genetics, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of adult MMD and MMS. Despite recent advances, many mysteries still exist in the etiologies of moyamoya vasculopathy. The diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines have been updated but not yet been globally established. Ongoing and future studies investigating underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of MMD and MMS may clarify potentially effective medical, surgical, or endovascular treatments.
Objective: this study aimed to evaluate clinical pharmacists' role in the management of uncontrolled hypertensive patients in Jordan. Design: single blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients: 253 patients with uncontrolled hypertension specified as higher blood pressure readings than the recommended goals by the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC VII) at the time of enrollment.

Interventions: patients were randomly allocated to an intervention or control group: 130 and 123 patients, respectively. Patients in both arms were followed up for 6 months. In the intervention group, patients were managed by physician-clinical pharmacist team. In the control group, patients were managed by physician(s) only and were not provided pharmaceutical care services.
Participants with ibrutinib-resistant or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) received venetoclax tablets once daily (QD) until disease progression or study drug discontinuation; median time on treatment was 593 days. The starting dose was 20 mg daily, increasing over a period of 5 weeks up to the daily dose of 400 mg.
BACKGROUND: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a spinal deformity that affects adolescents and poses a challenging public health problem. Compared to the general population, adolescents with AIS have a higher prevalence of hip dysplasia. However, the mechanisms underlying the impact of hip dysplasia on the coronal balance of the spine remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that the combination of AIS with hip dysplasia would exacerbate coronal imbalance.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records and radiographs of adolescents diagnosed with AIS between 2015 and 2020. Participants were divided into two groups: those with hip dysplasia and those without. We recorded parameters related to the coronal deformity of the spine, sacral and pelvic obliquity, and center edge angle (CEA). We investigated differences in these parameters in those with and without hip dysplasia and analyzed their relationships in those with combined AIS and hip dysplasia.
RESULTS: A total of 103 adolescents were included, 36 with hip dysplasia and 67 without. Those with hip dysplasia had significantly higher sacroiliac discrepancy (SID) compared to those without (t = - 2.438, P = 0.017). In adolescents with hip dysplasia, only iliac obliquity angle (IOA) was significantly correlated with SID (r = - 0.803, P < 0.001), with a linear relationship between them (r2 = 0.645, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of hip dysplasia is higher in the AIS population. In adolescents with combined AIS and hip dysplasia, pelvic obliquity is greater, potentially contributing to the increased prevalence of low back pain.
Skin provides a physical and immune barrier to protect the body from foreign substances, microbial invasion, and desiccation. Aging reduces the barrier function of skin and its rate of repair. Aged skin exhibits decreased mitochondrial function and prolonged low-level inflammation that can be seen in other organs with aging. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), an important transcriptional coactivator, plays a central role in modulating mitochondrial function and antioxidant production. Mitochondrial function and inflammation have been linked to epidermal function, but the mechanisms are unclear. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms by which PGC-1α might exert a positive effect on aged skin barrier function. Initially, we provide an overview of the function of skin under physiological and aging conditions, focusing on the epidermis. We then discuss mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and inflamm-aging, the chronic low-level inflammation observed in aging individuals. Finally, we discuss the effects of PGC-1α on mitochondrial function, as well as the regulation and role of PGC-1α in the aging epidermis.
The present disclosure relates to monitoring patient compliance with a dosage regimen. In some aspects, a patient unique identifier, which enables a patient to be uniquely identified and associated with a patient record, is received. A message is received. The message includes a package unique identifier that enables a package that a drug administered to the patient was stored within to be uniquely identified. The message includes at least one pair of values, wherein each pair of values corresponds to an administration event and indicates an amount of the drug administered to the patient and a time of administration of the amount of the drug to the patient. The drug administered to the patient using the package unique identifier is identified. The identity of the drug and the at least one pair of values are stored against the patient record, which includes a dosage regimen associated with the patient.