anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Alterations in the intestinal microbiota may play a role in the pathogenesis of functional bowel disorders (FBDs). Probiotics are widely used to improve intestinal dysbacteriosis in FBDs. In the context of FBDs, washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) appear to be a promising therapeutic option. We aimed to compare probiotics with WMT by using a propensity-score matching analysis (PSMA).
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective investigation of 103 patients with FBDs, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional constipation (FC), functional diarrhea (FDr), functional abdominal bloating (FAB). Patients were divided into the WMT group or probiotics group (taking probiotics capsules). Data on the following parameters were matched for PSMA: age; sex; disease course; body mass index; anxiety; insomnia; tobacco smoking; alcohol consumption; and levels of D-lactate, diamine oxidase, and lipopolysaccharide. Intestinal barrier function (IBF) and symptoms were evaluated both before and after treatment initiation. Prognostic factors were assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.
RESULTS: PSMA identified in 34 matched pairs (11 IBS, 12 FC, 7 FDr, and 4 FAB in the probiotics group and 14 IBS, 13 FC, 5 FDr, and 2 FAB in the WMT group. Improvement of FBD symptoms was greater with WMT than probiotics (P = 0.002). The WMT group had significantly fewer patients with intestinal barrier damage than the probiotics group (38.2% vs. 67.6%, P = 0.041). This improvement of FBD with WMT was further reflected as a reduction in D-lactate levels (P = 0.031). Increased D-lactate levels which were identified as a prognostic factor for FBDs (HR = 0.248, 95%CI 0.093-0.666, P = 0.006) in multivariate Cox regression analysis.
CONCLUSION: WMT could improve symptoms and IBF in patients with FBDs. Increased D-lactate levels in patients with FBDs may predict a favorable response to WMT treatment.
The invention provides an application of ganoderic acid as a p53-MDM2 interaction inhibitor. The ganoderic acid is ganoderic acid X, ganoderic acid F, ganoderic acid Y, ganoderic acid Me, ganoderic acid T, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters. The invention also provides an application of the ganoderic acid in preparation of drugs for p53-mediated induction of tumor cell apoptosis. The invention additionally provides a composition which comprises effective amount of ganoderic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. The invention further provides an application of the composition in preparation of drugs for p53-mediated induction of tumor cell apoptosis. In-vitro research shows that ganoderic acid can significantly inhibit MDM2 activity in human malignant lung cancer cells, inhibit the protein degradation function of p53, can be used for inhibiting ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation, and can promote p53-containing tumor cell apoptosis.
Two-year carcinogenicity studies conducted in mice (50, 150, or 500 mg/kg/day) and rats (150, 300, or 800 mg/kg/day) that administered elagolix by the dietary route revealed no increase in tumors in mice at up to 19-fold the MRHD based on AUC. In the rat, there was an increase in thyroid (male and female) and liver (males only) tumors at the high dose (12 to 13-fold the MRHD). The rat tumors were likely species-specific and of negligible relevance to humans. 

Elagolix was not genotoxic or mutagenic in a battery of tests, including the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, the in vitro mammalian cell forward mutation assay at the thymidine kinase (TK+/-) locus in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells, and the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. 

In a fertility study conducted in the rat, there was no effect of elagolix on fertility at any dose (50, 150, or 300 mg/kg/day). Based on AUC, the exposure multiple for the MRHD in women compared to the highest dose of 300 mg/kg/day in female rats is approximately 5-fold. However, because elagolix has low affinity for the GnRH receptor in the rat [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)], and because effects on fertility are most likely to be mediated via the GnRH receptor, these data have low relevance to humans.
PURPOSE:To produce a mouth brush having a high anti-germ effect and durability in anti-germ effect at a low cost by having bristles contain zeolite which carries anti-germ metal by means of ion exchange. CONSTITUTION:Metals contained in zeolite are partially or totally ion-exchanged with metals having an anti-germ effect, and only zeolite having a specific surface area as large as possible is used. One, or two or more kinds of metals among copper, silver and zinc are used as metals having an anti-germ effect. To make zeolite carry those anti-germ metals, zeolite is ion-exchanged with the metals by using water soluble salt of the metals. This anti-germs zeolite is kneaded in resin of which bristles are made. That is, the pulverized zeolite is mixed in molten resin before resin is formed into bristles. Thereby, the bristles have an anti-germ effect and an excellent durability in the anti-germ effect unlike other bristles coated with anti-germ substance because they contain the anti-germ zeolite.
The present invention provides antagonists and agonists of IL-13 activity. The antagonists comprise a mutation in which the glutamic acid at position 13 of the IL-13 molecule is changed to a neutral or a positively charged molecule.  The antagonists can be used to reduce or end symptoms in conditions, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis, in which IL-13 is an initiator, mediator, or enhancer of the abnormal state. Additionally, the antagonists can be used to slow the growth of cells of cancers for which IL-13 is an autocrine growth factor. Such cancers include renal cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and Hodgkin's disease.  The agonists comprise mutated IL-13s in which one or more of the residues at positions 112, 110, 109, 92, 69, or 66 are mutated to a neutrally charged residue, or one with a charge opposite to the charge of the residue found at that position in native IL-13, provided that the residue at position 13 of the molecule is not negatively charged. The agonists can be used as more potent agents to provoke an effect provided by IL-13. In particular, the agonists can be used as reagents in the maturation of monocytes into dendritic cells, or to pretreat bone marrow stem cell donors to reduce graft versus host disease in the recipient of the stem cells. Finally, the invention provides IL-13 receptor binding molecules with affinity for the IL-13 receptor at least about 3 times greater than that exhibited by wild-type IL-13. Also provided are methods and compositions for specifically delivering an effector molecule to a tumor cell by chimeric molecules comprising the effector molecule and an IL-13 receptor binding molecule, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such chimeric molecules.
Medullary thyroid carcinomas can also be located by scintigraphy with 111In-DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) -octreotide. In some studies, there is a sensitivity for the detection of these tumors by this method, 50-70%. The relationship of calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were significantly higher in patients in whom scintigraphy was performed with 111In-DTPA-octreotide. This implies that somatostatin receptors can be detected "in vivo" for different forms of medullary thyroid carcinoma Based on the specific binding of the analogs of somatostatin receptors present on the membrane of some tumors such as medullary thyroid been possible to devise a therapy to target-directed using both beta-emitting radionuclides (which have therapeutic properties) coupled to such molecules. The main radiopharmaceuticals used for this purpose are currently 177 Lu-DOTA-Tyr3-OCTREOTATE or 90Yttrium-DOTA\]-TOC.

The medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor, accounting for only 4.9% of total thyroid carcinomas, however, compared to well differentiated carcinoma, presents a worse prognosis. The tumor staging, and restaging is essential since surgery is the only curative method. Elevated plasma concentrations of calcitonin (CT) and / or high levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), biochemical markers of MTC, suggest the presence of residual malignant disease / recurrence or metastasis at a distance. After surgery aggressive 40% of patients have persistent disease and about 10%, with undetectable post-surgery CT, develop tumor recurrence. At this point the therapeutic options are scarce and not available in our area. Although the investigators use the structural radiological study using ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for staging of the disease, they do not provide functional information. In this context, nuclear medicine examinations can add data such as growth potential and expression pattern of receptors for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In 2007, Ong SC. et al. Showed that 18 FDG PET / CT have the ability to detect residual disease, recurrent or metastatic disease with a sensitivity of 78% but only when calcitonin is up 1000pg/ml. Already Iten et al. Using the principle that these tumors express receptors for the somatostatin used OctreoScan ® and subsequent treatment with 90Yttrium-DOTA\]-TOC showing not only an advantage for the location of the disease and the possibility of making an image guided therapy by. These authors also demonstrated a clinical benefit to the extent that 25% of the patients showed reduced calcitonin. The investigators hypothesized that those tumors may respond to 177-Lu-DOTA Tyr3-octreotate.
Patients between the ages of 30 and 80 who have documented radiographic evidence of OA in the tibiofemoral or patellofemoral compartment of the target knee (Kellgren-Lawrence grades 1-4) will be screened for participation in this study. Patients must have a documented diagnosis of primary OA for at least six weeks. 80 patients will be recruited through the Andrews Institute physician practices. The study design will be a randomized control trial. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria will have the study explained in detail, and informed consent will be obtained as outlined above. Participants will complete patient-reported outcome questionnaires prior to their injection. The questionnaires will include the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (IKDC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Participants will also complete these questionnaires at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the final injection. A trained medical professional will draw blood from the patient's arm, and the blood will be spun in a centrifuge for 5 minutes at 1500 RPM. The platelets will then be separated for injection into the patient's knee. The treating physician will then inject the ACP into the involved knee joint following standard aseptic technique per the physician's standard of care. This entire process will be completed in a single patient visit. Any unused portion of a sample in the physician's office will be disposed of through standard biohazard waste disposal systems as required by law. Group 1 \[ACP\]: Will receive three intra-articular injections of autologous conditioned plasma dosed once a week for three weeks. Group 2 \[ACP-HA\]: Will receive two intra-articular injections of autologous conditioned plasma and hyaluronic acid once a week for two weeks and a third injection on the third week of ACP.
It is known that a glucose load can induce an increase in ocular blood flow. Acute hyperglycemia increases retinal vessel diameters in animals and humans. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of glucose on the ocular blood flow in vasospastics and nonvasospastics. Body core temperature depends on basal metabolism. Peripheral vasoconstriction is a physiological way to preserve core temperature of the body. The etiology of primary vasospastic syndrome is unknown and potentially represents simply a reaction to a defective metabolism. Based on this hypothesis, vasospastics are expected to show a different vascular reaction to glucose.

On both study days, after an overnight fast, the subjects will be seated for 30 minutes in the Lab and local tropicamide will be applied for pupil dilatation. After stabilisation of blood pressure Retinal vessel diameter and choroidal blood flow will be assessed. Baseline blood glucose levels will be measured. Afterwards study substance (75 gram of Glucose or Aspartate) will be applied in 3 dl of water. One and a half hour later, the vascular measurements will be repeated. Ath the end of hemodynamic assessments, blood sugar level will be measured again.
BACKGROUND: The present study intends to identify independent predictors of short-term postoperative complications and health utilization in patients undergoing cranioplasty.
METHODS: Demographic, clinical, and intraoperative characteristics were collected for each patient undergoing cranioplasty in the National Surgery Quality Improvement Program database from 2011 to 2020. The 30-day outcomes analyzed were medical complications, wound complications, return to the operating room, extended hospital stay, and non-home discharge. Bivariate analyses were initially used to identify variables that yielded a P value less than 0.2 which were subsequently analyzed in a multivariate logistic regression to identify independent predictors of the aforementioned outcomes.
RESULTS: In total, 2316 patients undergoing cranioplasty were included in the analysis. Increased operative time and totally dependent functional status significantly increased odds of returning to the operating room. Increased age, operative time, cranioplasty size >5 cm, and various comorbidities were associated with increased odds of non-home discharge. Bleeding disorders were independently associated with increased odds of wound complications. Increased age, operative time, cranioplasty size >5 cm, and several medical history features predisposed to medical complications. Demographic characteristics, including age and race, along with various operative and medical history characteristics were associated with increased odds of extended length of stay.
CONCLUSIONS: Identification of risk factors can help guide preoperative risk management in cranioplasty.
Background: Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) is a major health concern that disproportionately affects U.S. veterans. Veterans with HCV experience impaired quality of life as a result of HCV infection and other co-morbid disorders; namely substance abuse and mental health problems. Only a small proportion of these patients currently receive and are cured of HCV with Interferon-based treatments. Treatment recommendations for HCV-infected veterans not scheduled for Interferon-based treatment include additional evaluations/procedures and adherence to behavioral/lifestyle guidelines. However, many patients with HCV and commonly occurring co-morbidities have difficulty following these recommendations without additional assistance. HCV self-management programs are one option for helping these patients adhere to treatment recommendations while improving their quality of life. Patient self-management programs augment traditional information-oriented patient education with problem-solving skills and cognitive-behavioral techniques that enable patients to manage chronic illness and their lives as a whole.

Objectives: Our primary objective was to assess the efficacy of a 6-session self-management workshop designed to improve health outcomes for veterans with HCV who are not receiving Interferon-based treatment.

Methods: One hundred- thirty seven Veterans with HCV who receive health care at VA San Diego Healthcare System facilities were randomized to either the HCV Self-Management Workshop (HCV-SMW) or to the Information intervention study arm. The self-management intervention includes six 2.5-hour weekly workshop sessions in addition to the basic information provided to Usual Care. The HCV-SMW was co-led by a health educator and a peer-leader, and has been adapted from an existing self-management program that has been effective for patients with other chronic illnesses. The primary outcome for the study is health-related quality of life. Secondary outcome variables include attendance at recommended health care visits, self-reported health behaviors related to preventing viral transmission, substance use/abuse, and patient-provider communication. Data was collected at baseline, end-of-intervention (6 weeks), at a 12-month and 18-month follow-up visits using self-report questionnaires. In accordance with HIPAA guidelines, VA medical records and other databases were accessed to gather data on health care utilization and mortality. Data was analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance, ANCOVA, and linear mixed-model approaches. In addition, an exploratory cost analysis will be conducted when final analyses are conducted.

Status: The study was completed in 2011. Results have been published and citations are provided on this website. An additional manuscript including a cost-effectiveness analysis is in the process of being published.
Evidence shows that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) stems from an interplay of genetic and environmental factors, which may include propionic acid (PPA), a microbial byproduct and food preservative. We previously reported that in vitro treatment of neural stem cells with PPA leads to gliosis and neuroinflammation. In this study, mice were exposed ad libitum to a PPA-rich diet for four weeks before mating. The same diet was maintained through pregnancy and administered to the offspring after weaning. The brains of the offspring were studied at 1 and 5 months postpartum. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (astrocytic marker) was significantly increased (1.53 ± 0.56-fold at 1 M and 1.63 ± 0.49-fold at 5 M) in the PPA group brains. Tubulin IIIβ (neuronal marker) was significantly decreased in the 5 M group. IL-6 and TNF-α expression were increased in the brain of the PPA group (IL-6: 2.48 ± 1.25-fold at 5 M; TNF-α: 2.84 ± 1.16-fold at 1 M and 2.64 ± 1.42-fold, at 5 M), while IL-10 was decreased. GPR41 and p-Akt were increased, while PTEN (p-Akt inhibitor) was decreased in the PPA group. The data support the role of a PPA-rich diet in glia over-proliferation and neuro-inflammation mediated by the GPR41 receptor and PTEN/Akt pathway. These findings strongly support our earlier study on the role of PPA in ASD.
BACKGROUND: The relationship between sarcopenia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been increasingly reported, and there is some overlap regarding their clinical features and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) strategies. No Korean study has reported the actual prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with stable COPD who are recommended for pulmonary rehabilitation. This study evaluated the prevalence and clinical features of sarcopenia in older adult outpatients with stable COPD and the changes after 6 months.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional and 6-month follow-up study, we recruited 63 males aged ≥ 65 diagnosed with stable COPD. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the AWGS 2019 criteria, which included hand grip strength testing, bioelectrical impedance analysis, Short Physical Performance Battery administration, and Strength, Assistance with walking, Rising from a chair, Climbing stairs, and Falling screening tool administration. A 6-minute walk test (6 MWT) was conducted, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP, respectively) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were assessed, and patient-reported questionnaires were administered.
RESULTS: At baseline, 14 (22%) patients were diagnosed with possible sarcopenia, and eight (12.6%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. There were significant differences in the age; body mass index; Body mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise index; modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scores; and International Physical Activity Questionnaire scores between the normal and sarcopenia groups. Whole-body phase angle, MIP, MEP, PEF, and 6-minute walk distance (6 MWD) also showed significant differences. Over 6 months, the proportion of patients with a reduced FEV1 increased; however, the proportion of patients with sarcopenia did not increase.
CONCLUSION: A relatively low prevalence of sarcopenia was observed in older adult outpatients with stable COPD. No significant change in the prevalence of sarcopenia was found during the 6-month follow-up period.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (KCT0006720). Registration date: 30/07/2021.
Lead is a very toxic and futile heavy metal for rice plants because of its injurious effects on plant growth and metabolic processes. Polyploidy or whole genome doubling increases the ability of plants to withstand biotic and abiotic stress. Considering the beneficial effects of nanoparticles and tetraploid rice, this research was conducted to examine the effectiveness of tetraploid and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in mitigating the toxic effects of lead. A diploid (E22-2x) and it's tetraploid (T-42) rice line were treated with Pb (200 μM) and TiO2 NPs (15 mg L-1). Lead toxicity dramatically reduced shoot length (16 % and 4 %) and root length (17 % and 9 %), biological yield (55 % and 36 %), and photosynthetic activity, as evidenced by lower levels of chlorophyll a and b (30 % and 9 %) in E-22 and T-42 rice cultivars compared to the control rice plants, respectively. Furthermore, lead toxicity amplified the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as malondialdehyde and H2O2, while decreasing activities of all antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxidase, peroxidase, and glutathione predominately in the diploid cultivar. Transmission electron microscopy and semi-thin section observations revealed that Pb-treated cells in E22-2x had more cell abnormalities than T-42, such as irregularly shaped mitochondria, cell wall, and reduced root cell size. Polyploidy and TiO2 reduced Pb uptake in rice cultivars and expression levels of metal transporter genes such as OsHMA9 and OsNRAMP5. According to the findings, genome doubling alleviates Pb toxicity by reducing Pb accumulation, ROS, and cell damage. Tetraploid rice can withstand the toxic effect of Pb better than diploid rice, and TiO2 NPs can alleviate the toxic impact of Pb. Our study findings act as a roadmap for future research endeavours, directing the focus toward risk management and assessing long-term impacts to balance environmental sustainability and agricultural growth.
A closed-loop drug delivery system uses patient response and rule based decision making methods to achieve operator specified responses for diagnostic purposes. In the preferred embodiment, cardiac diagnosis is performed by pharmacologically stressing the heart by administration of an exercise simulating agent drug. In the preferred method, a protocol is defined, which preferably includes a target for a physiologic variable, such as heart rate, and a plan to achieve that target value. Preferably, the plan includes a specification of the desired rate of increase in that variable, such as the rate of increase in the heart rate per minute. The plan comprises the desired changes in the physiologic variable as a function of time. While any desired function may be used, the more common modes include RAMP, HOLD, LEVEL and TARGET mode. In one aspect of this invention, the protocol may be varied by the operator after drug administration has begun. Further, in one embodiment, the protocol includes a definition of an acceptable zone of deviation from the plan, such that if the patient physiologic variable deviates from the permissible zone, alternate control rules are implemented. Preferably, saturation detection and avoidance is implemented.