anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) contributes to malnutrition, marked by muscle loss during chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (aPC). Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is recommended for patients with EPI; however, it's efficacy for attenuating muscle loss has not been demonstrated. We aimed to delineate the impact of PERT dose on muscle loss using a 7-year population-based cohort with aPC who were provided PERT at the discretion of their oncologist or dietitian according to clinical indications of EPI.
METHODS: All patients treated with chemotherapy for aPC from 2013 to 2019 in Alberta, Canada (population ∼4.3 million) were included if they had computed tomography (CT) scans both prior to and 12 ± 4 weeks after chemotherapy initiation. Change in muscle area (cm2) was measured at 3rd lumbar level on repeated CT scans. Muscle loss was defined by measurement error (loss >2.3 cm2). Clinical and pharmaceutical data were retrieved from provincial registries. For patients who were dispensed PERT -8 to +6 weeks from chemo start (PERT users), estimated dose consumed per day was calculated as: (total dose dispensed) / (days, first to last dispensation). PERT users were categorized as high dose or low dose users according to the median estimated dose consumed. Non-users were classified as No PERT. Association between PERT use and muscle loss was analyzed with multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS: Among 210 patients, 81 (39%) were PERT users. Median estimated dose consumed per day of 75 000 USP lipase units defined the cutoff between low dose and high dose uses. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between high dose and low dose groups. Muscle loss was more prevalent among low dose compared to both high dose and No PERT groups (88% vs. 58% and 67%, p < 0.05). In the multivariable model predicting muscle loss, low dose PERT was independently associated with greater odds of muscle loss (OR 5.4, p = 0.004) vs. high dose, independent of tumour response, disease stage, and chemotherapy regimen.
CONCLUSION: In patients with clinical indications of EPI during chemotherapy for aPC, low doses of PERT were insufficient to prevent muscle loss. Patients with EPI consuming higher doses of PERT had similar odds of muscle maintenance to patients without clinical indications of EPI. Provider education for optimal PERT dosing in patients with EPI should be prioritized, and resources must be allocated to support dose titration.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent research has shown the effectiveness of peripheral nerve stimulators (PNS) in managing chronic pain conditions. Ongoing studies aim to explore its potential application in treating acute postoperative pain states. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the role of PNS in providing relief for postoperative pain.
RECENT FINDINGS: Clinical studies investigating the use of peripheral nerve stimulators (PNS) for analgesia following various surgeries, such as total knee arthroplasty, anterior cruciate ligament repair, ankle arthroplasty, rotator cuff repair, hallux valgus correction, and extremity amputation, have shown promising results. Lead placement locations include the brachial plexus, sciatic, femoral, tibial, genicular, perineal, sural, radial, median, and ulnar nerves. These studies consistently report clinically significant reductions in pain scores, and some even indicate a decrease in opioid consumption following PNS for postoperative pain. PNS involves the subcutaneous placement of electrode leads to target peripheral nerve(s) followed by delivery of an electric current via an external pulse generator. While the precise mechanism is not fully understood, the theory posits that PNS modulates electrical stimulation, hindering the signaling of nociceptive pain. PNS presents itself as an alternative to opioid therapy, holding promise to address the opioid epidemic by offering a nonpharmacologic approach for both acute and chronic pain states.
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV), characterized as a prominent feature of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a primary contributor to visual impairment and severe vision loss globally, while the prevailing treatments are often unsatisfactory. The development of conventional treatment strategies has largely been based on the understanding that the angiogenic switch of endothelial cells is dictated by angiogenic growth factors alone. Even though treatments targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), like Ranibizumab, are widely administered, more than half of the patients still exhibit inadequate or null responses, emphasizing the imperative need for solutions to this problem. Here, aiming to explore therapeutic strategies from a novel perspective of endothelial cell metabolism, a biocompatible nanomedicine delivery system is constructed by loading RGD peptide-modified liposomes with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (RGD@LP-2-DG). RGD@LP-2-DG displayed good targeting performance towards endothelial cells and excellent in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects on neovascularization were demonstrated. Moreover, our mechanistic studies revealed that 2-DG interfered with N-glycosylation, leading to the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and its downstream signaling. Notably, the remarkable inhibitory effect on neovascularization and biocompatibility of RGD@LP-2-DG render it a highly promising and clinically translatable therapeutic candidate for the treatment of wet AMD and other angiogenic diseases, particularly in patients who are unresponsive to currently available treatments.
The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of different exercise modalities (High intensity interval exercise, Moderate intensity continuous exercise, and Low-load-high repetition resistance exercise) on blood sugar control in young healthy, males and females. To test this theory, a sugar challenge (oral glucose tolerance test - OGTT) will be performed during the pre-testing visit to determine the baseline blood sugar response. An OGTT will also be performed 2 hours after each single exercise session to determine how each type of exercise affects the blood sugar response. Investigators will take multiple blood samples throughout the trial to allow us to measure blood sugar, insulin and concentrations and oxidative stress. Muscle biopsies will be taken before and after each exercise bout so that investigators can examine the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the effectiveness of the different types of exercise on blood sugar control. Investigators will also use an ultrasound to measure factors related to of cardiovascular health such as artery stress and vascular conductance during the exercise bouts. Direct benefits of this study include characterizing sex differences of blood sugar handling after single exercise sessions. This study could have direct benefits on deterring the effectiveness of different forms of exercise on blood sugar levels.
This pilot study will test the hypothesis that prolonged regional peripheral nerve block will reduce development of chronic pain in patients undergoing surgery for ankle fracture. Regional nerve block using local anesthetics delivered by ambulatory pump is used in some types of surgeries but is not routine for ankle fracture patients in our hospitals. Patients will be randomized to standard care (single shot peripheral nerve block prior to surgery) or experimental (the same single shot nerve block, followed by continuous popliteal nerve block with ropivacaine starting just after surgery). The primary outcome will be scores on a validated ankle/foot pain questionnaire that includes questions on function. Subjects will be followed for one year. Secondary outcome will be postoperative opioid use.
The invention relates to a fluorocarbon and cyclodextrin inclusion compound and preparation method thereof. The inclusion compound is a main-auxiliary coordination compound formed by entrance of fluorocarbon molecules into cyclodextrin cavity. The mole ratio of fluorocarbon to cyclodextrin is 0.01:1 to 10:1. The inclusion compound prepared by the invention has good physical-chemical stability, reduces fluorocarbon volatility, improves the stability, pulverizes fluorocarbon such that fluorocarbon can be made into multiple preparations to expand the application range. The inclusion compound can be applied to hypoxia emergency medicine and magnetic resonance contrast medium. The preparation method the invention is simple in operation and can meet the production and application requirements.
The cohort will have their central aortic pressure, and carotid-femoral and brachio-femoral pulse-wave velocities measured. These measurements will take place pre-operatively, within a week of surgery, 6-weeks and 1-year post-operatively also. The surgery will be abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.
A composition comprising: a first active compound which is midazolam or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a second active compound which is propofol or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a third active compound which is ketamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a fourth active which is remifentanil or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in procedural sedation of a patient, wherein the active compounds of the composition are to be administered simultaneously, separately or sequentially is provided. The composition may further comprise at least one further active compound selected from the group consisting of paracetamol, dexamethasone, parecoxib and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Preferably, the total dose of the first active compound is in the range 0.5 to 3mg, and preferably, the total dose of the third active compound is in the range 10 to 25mg. Preferably, at least one the first and third active compounds is administered as one or more bolus doses as an injection. Preferably, at least one of the second and fourth active compounds is administered by infusion. The composition is preferably for use in inducing and maintaining procedural sedation in a patient during a surgical procedure.
Participants were required to complete a high-intensity interval exercise training intervention, which took place three time per week for 10 weeks. The exercise sessions comprised of 4 to 7 repetitions of 45 s maximal effort exercise, based on boxing, dance, soccer and basketball drills), interspersed with 90-s rest. During each repetitions participants were encouraged to reach \>90% of their individual maximal heart rate. Participants were asked to maintain their dietary habits throughout the intervention period.
PURPOSE: Uremic cardiomyopathy (UCM) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) related mortality. Uremic toxins including indoxyl sulfate (IS) play important role during the progression of UCM. This study was to explore the underlying mechanism of IS related myocardial injury.
METHODS: UCM rat model was established through five-sixths nephrectomy to evaluate its effects on blood pressure, cardiac impairment, and histological changes using echocardiography and histological analysis. Additionally, IS was administered to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and the human cardiomyocyte cell line AC16. DHE staining and peroxide-sensitive dye 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) was conducted to assess the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was estimated using wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining and immunofluorescence. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) translocation was observed by immunofluorescence. The activation of AhR was evaluated by immunoblotting of cytochrome P450 1 s (CYP1s) and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis of AHRR and PTGS2. Additionally, the pro-oxidative and pro-hypertrophic effects were evaluated using the AhR inhibitor CH-223191, the CYP1s inhibitor Alizarin and the ROS scavenger N-Acetylcysteine (NAC).
RESULTS: UCM rat model was successfully established, and cardiac hypertrophy, accompanied by increased blood pressure, and myocardial fibrosis. Further research confirmed the activation of the AhR pathway in UCM rats including AhR translocation and downstream protein CYP1s expression, accompanied with increasing ROS production detected by DHE staining. In vitro experiment demonstrated a translocation of AhR triggered by IS, leading to significant increase of downstream gene expression. Subsequently study indicated a close relationship between the production of ROS and the activation of AhR/CYP1s, which was effectively blocked by applying AhR inhibitor, CYP1s inhibitor and siRNA against AhR. Moreover, the inhibition of AhR/CYP1s/ROS pathway collectively blocked the pro-hypertrophic effect of IS-mediated cardiomyopathy.
CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that the AhR/CYP1s pathway is activated in UCM rats, and this activation is correlated with the uremic toxin IS. In vitro studies indicate that IS can stimulate the AhR translocation in cardiomyocyte, triggering to the production of intracellular ROS via CYP1s. This process leads to prolonged oxidative stress stimulation and thus contributes to the progression of uremic toxin-mediated cardiomyopathy.
As one of the most common complication of stroke, some studies showed that post-stroke pneumonia (PSP) in stroke patients requiring intensive care is associated with an increase of ICU length of stay and hospital mortality and poorer functional outcomes in survivors. The peak period of PSP is within the first week after stroke. Aspiration and poor nutritional status are important factors leading to pneumonia in stroke patients. Compared with full enteral nutrition (EN), initial trophic enteral feeding was associated with less gastrointestinal intolerance and could reduce the rate of regurgitation. However, trophic enteral feeding could not meet the daily caloric needs and hypocaloric enteral nutrition might be associated with increased mortality. This study is designed to explore whether initial trophic enteral nutrition combined with supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) can help reduce the incidence of PSP and improve the prognosis in severe patients with stroke.

This study will enroll 546 severe stroke patients who meet the inclusion criteria. Upon admission to the ICU, patients will be randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio into groups of full enteral feeding (controlled) and trophic enteral feeding combined with supplemental parenteral feeding (experimented) for 7 days.
This is a confirmatory, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-center, double-blinded phase II/III study. The study population consists of male or female intensive care unit (ICU) patients with a need for mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, aged between 18 and 80 years.

Eight-hundred patients will be enrolled at approximately 50 study centers. Informed consent (i.e., from the patient or from the patient's legally authorized representative) or waiver will be obtained according to regional requirements prior to any study related procedures. Patients will be randomized to receive either IC43 100 mcg or placebo and will receive the first vaccination on Day 0. The second vaccination will be applied on Day 7. In case ICU discharge occurs before Day 7, immunization will be done at the hospital ward.
The fibrinolysis-inhibitory effects of aminocaproic acid appear to be exerted principally via inhibition of plasminogen activators and to a lesser degree through antiplasmin activity. 

In adults, oral absorption appears to be a zero-order process with an absorption rate of 5.2 g/hr. The mean lag time in absorption is 10 minutes. After a single oral dose of 5 g, absorption was complete (F=1). Mean ± SD peak plasma concentrations (164 ± 28 mcg/mL) were reached within 1.2 ± 0.45 hours. 

After oral administration, the apparent volume of distribution was estimated to be 23.1 ± 6.6 L (mean ± SD). Correspondingly, the volume of distribution after intravenous administration has been reported to be 30.0 ± 8.2 L. After prolonged administration, aminocaproic acid has been found to distribute throughout extravascular and intravascular compartments of the body, penetrating human red blood cells as well as other tissue cells. 

Renal excretion is the primary route of elimination. Sixty-five percent of the dose is recovered in the urine as unchanged drug and 11% of the dose appears as the metabolite adipic acid. Renal clearance (116 mL/min) approximates endogenous creatinine clearance. The total body clearance is 169 mL/min. The terminal elimination half-life for aminocaproic acid is approximately 2 hours.
This is a longitudinal study of patients with GBM with recurrent or multi-recurrent disease as determined by their neuro-oncologist (on the basis of clinical and/or radiological findings). Patients will indicate a single caregiver who will consent separately and perform separate assessments. The study assessments will evaluate the content of the discussion in which this change in disease status was communicated, as well as include patient-reported and caregiver-reported outcomes. We intend to accrue 160 total participants (80 patients and 80 caregivers) with complete post-discussion visit follow-ups over 18-24 months.
Manual therapy and exercises are evidence-based methods for improving pain, muscle strength, range of motion, function and quality of life in individuals with neck pain. These physiotherapy approaches have been shown to improve respiratory functions in patients with neck pain and also in pulmonary diseases such as cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.

Studies show that to improve respiratory parameters in patients for chronic neck pain, mobilization of thoracic region and exercises for endurance of deep neck muscles are beneficial. Despite the proposal given in this study, there are few studies evaluating the relationship between respiratory functions and the strength of respiratory muscles in patients with neck pain in detail, and also the effectiveness of different physiotherapy-rehabilitation methods on respiratory functions on neck pain. In a single study on this subject, thoracic region manual therapy, stretching exercise program and both of these applications were applied for the subjects. At the end of the treatment, respiratory functions developed in all three groups; but both applications group have been shown to more effective than thoracic manual therapy group for increasing respiratory functions.Exercises and manual therapy for cervical and/or thoracic region frequently used for chronic neck pain but there are no studies that compare manual therapy for different region on respiratory parameters. Therefore, our aim is to determine the effects of exercises with manual therapy methods for cervical and/or thoracic region in chronic neck pain patients on pain, posture, quality of life, as well as on respiratory parameters.
The first stage of the data, identifying the patients, was collected by the researcher in the general surgery service of the hospital determined between February-June 2021.The patient information and blood samples, which are the second phase of the data, were collected by the researcher at the same time intervals in the nursing faculty meeting room of the designated university. In order to determine the participants to participate in the research, the participants who met the criteria were contacted by phone and an appointment was requested. Face-to-face Beck Depression Scale was applied to the patients who attended the appointment in the General Surgery service. 158 patients who got 17 points from the Beck Depression Scale were determined among the 62 patients who agreed to participate in the study, the first 31 experimental groups and the second 31 control groups. Before their hospital visit for the interview, the patients were reminded that they should be fasting for blood sample collection and they should be on a 24-hour serotonin free diet. All participants filled the Patient Information Form as a pre-test in the nursing faculty meeting room and gave blood samples for serotonin levels. Laughter yoga was applied to the experimental group twice a week, on Tuesdays and Fridays, for 2,5 months, for a total of 10 sessions (each session 50 minutes) by the researcher after obtaining a laughter yoga practice certificate. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic that started during this study period, the first and last sessions were applied face-to-face, and the other eight sessions of laughter yoga were carried out with an internet program that allows online meetings. Expert opinions from laughter yoga leaders for online applicability of laughter yoga taked. After 10 sessions were applied to the participants, the Beck Depression Scale was re-administered to the participants in the experimental group as a post-test and blood samples were taken again to check the serotonin levels. The Beck Depression Scale was re-administered 5 weeks after the pretest without any intervention in the control group, and blood samples were taken again to determine serotonin levels.
This invention provides processes for isolating pharmaceutically active extracts, fractions and compounds from the mushroom Tricholoma Conglobatum. In one aspect, a homogenate of Tricholoma Conglobatum is extracted from a fraction isolated by column chromatography. It has an optical absorbance between about 210nm and about 350nm and is not heat stable. The active compound, having a molecular weight from about 18 to about 20 kD on SDS-PAGE gel, in the extract is further provided by this invention. A second active fraction isolated from the homogenate of Tricholoma Conglobatum can be further processed to separate into two additionally active compounds each of which has characteristics consistent with that of a protein. The fractions, compounds and extracts are useful to inhibit the growth of endothelial cells and to inhibit vascularization in a tissue. Methods of treating various diseases, including cancer, are also provided herein.
Polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) is a known immune-modulation drug for complement inhibition.  Our due diligent review of this drug identifies is as a broad-spectrum immune modulation drug that therapeutically impacts innate and adaptive immune functions.  The drug is first of a class of drug that modulates immune responses in accordance to recent advances of immunology.  The therapeutic applications the relatoin to HIV are detailed.  As shown in FIG. 3, PSS is a polyanionic, foreign biomaterial that mimics the sialic acid or polyanionic properties of host cells.  It competes with HIV for Factor H (17), Factor D (17), and DC 4 cell surface (18-19).  This results in inhibition of Factor D, Factor H and surface attachment of HIV to CD 4 cells (17-19).  In addition, HIV proteins such as reverse transcriptase (RT), (20) is inhibited outside the cells.  Similarly, Tat protein (21) is inhibited.  Serine proteases are involved in gp120 maturation.  PSS; being a serine protease inhibitor, is expected to inhibit 22.  HIV proteins are inhibited mainly outside cells (23) that are involved in immunosuppression.  Thus PSS is a new class of broad immune modulation drug that can affect the humeral and cellular funciton of innate and adaptive immune system and provide ultra-broad spectrum anti-HIV effects.