anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
One in ten children worldwide has constipation and it becomes chronic in 30% of these children, affecting their and their families' well-being. Managing these children is difficult, partly because they do not respond to laxatives and partly because their bowel problem cannot be defined. If the doctors could send the children for a quick test that indicates the time that food takes to travel through the gut (the "gut transit time"), they could use this information to help choose the best therapy, for example to decide if a patient needs surgery. The test could also be used to follow up the effects of different treatments. Gut transit time is often not tested due to the unsuitable radiation dose involved in the current methods such as X-ray. Doctors' decisions have to rely mostly on symptoms, leading to repeated appointments, frustration and a waste of NHS money.

A new method to measure gut transit time using mini-capsules, the size of small pine nuts, has recently been developed. The mini-capsules are swallowed but do not dissolve and their journey through the gut is imaged using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). From the images doctors can determine the gut transit time. MRI is harmless and can be used repeatedly to follow up the response to treatment.

This study will test these new mini-capsules to determine their suitability for paediatric use. Areas of interest are ease of imaging in the gut using MRI and whether they are small enough such that their emptying from the stomach and transit through the gut are similar to food. The study will test the mini-capsules in children with constipation, to measure gut transit time before and after they receive their usual treatment from their doctors. This will assess if the mini-capsules can detect changes in treatment and will make them clinically useful.
The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants and assess the diagnostic yield from genetic testing for cardiac arrhythmias in Norway since 2003. Data from 1991 probands and 2782 relatives were retrospectively collected from the laboratory information management system at Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University hospital. Of 1991 probands, 57.4% were females, age at genetic testing was 33.1 (±22.7) years, and 32.5% were under the age of 18. A likely pathogenic or pathogenic variant (including 14 novel) was detected in 15.4% in total. Of the 2782 relatives, 53.7% were females, age at genetic testing was 35.6 (±22.5) years, 27.3% were under the age of 18, and 45.3% carried the family variant. Probands and relatives combined, 1/3356 persons in the Norwegian population were heterozygous for an arrhythmia-causing variant. The founder variant p.Q530X (NM_000218.2: c.1588C>T) in KCNQ1 accounted for 34% of all variants in Norway. In conclusion, genetic testing provided a genetic basis of the arrhythmia in 15.4% of the probands. Familial cascade screening identified four times as many variant-positive relatives, allowing early detection and prompt stratification of arrhythmic risk of those variant carriers.
Poor maternal diet and psychosocial stress represent two environmental factors that can significantly impact maternal health during pregnancy. While various mouse models have been developed to study the relationship between maternal and offspring health and behaviour, few incorporate multiple sources of stress that mirror the complexity of human experiences. Maternal high-fat diet (HF) models in rodents are well-established, whereas use of psychosocial stress interventions in female mice are still emerging. The social instability stress (SIS) paradigm, serves as a chronic and unpredictable form of social stress. To evaluate the combined effects of a poor maternal diet and intermittent social stress on maternal health and behaviour, we developed a novel maternal stress model using adult female C57Bl/6 mice. We observed that all HF+ mice demonstrated rapid weight gain, elevated fasting blood glucose levels and impaired glucose tolerance independent of the presence (+) or absence (-) of SIS. Behavioural testing output revealed anxiety-like behaviours remained similar across all groups prior to pregnancy. However, integrated anxiety z-scores revealed a mixed anxious profile amongst HF+/SIS+ females prior to pregnancy. HF+/SIS+ females also did not show reduced plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels that were observed in our other HF+ and HF- stress groups after SIS exposure. Further, HF+/SIS+ females demonstrated significant postpartum maternal neglect, resulting in fewer numbers of live offspring. These findings suggest that prolonged maternal HF diet consumption, coupled with previous exposure to SIS, places a significant burden on the maternal stress response system, resulting in reduced parental investment and negative postpartum behaviour towards offspring.
Local Reactions- As with other insulin therapy, patients may experience reactions such as erythema, edema or pruritus at the site of NovoLog Mix 70/30 injection. These reactions usually resolve in a few days to a few weeks, but in some occasions, may require discontinuation of NovoLog Mix 70/30. In some instances, these reactions may be related to the insulin molecule, other components in the insulin preparation including protamine and cresol, components in skin cleansing agents, or injection techniques. Localized reactions and generalized myalgias have been reported with the use of cresol as an injectable excipient.

Systemic Reactions\- Less common, but potentially more serious, is generalized allergy to insulin, which may cause rash (including pruritus) over the whole body, shortness of breath, wheezing, reduction in blood pressure, rapid pulse, or sweating. Severe cases of generalized allergy, including anaphylactic reaction, may be life threatening.
PURPOSE: To provide a substitute skin which has a sufficient interlayer coupling and which can be easily handled, by forming a substitute epidermis composed of differentiated stratum compactum on the outer surface of a substitute dermis having fibrousblasts dispersed in a type I collagen gel with the use of growth potency of keratin synthetic cells contained in an indusium of trichocyte. CONSTITUTION: The indusium 21 of a hair is perpendicularly cut between A and B. This graft material 22 contains keratin synthetic cells 10 and 11. Meanwhile, a slight acid collagen solution is mixed and neutralized with fibrousblasts, and then it is reversed in a container 23. Then, it is gelled and contracted so as to obtain a substitute dermis. The graft material 22 is inserted in a gel so as to propagate keratin synthetic cells in a nutrition medium 25 so as to obtain a substitute epidermis 26. Further, it is cultivated by being made into contact with air so as to promote the differentiation of the cells in order to obtain a substitute skin 27. The epidermis 26 is composed of gradually differentiated cells including cells in a basal layer 6a which is connected onto a substitute basal membrane 5a by hemidesmosome 39, to flat cells around the outer surface.
AS is a neurologic disorder that may cause developmental delay, mental retardation, severe speech impairment, seizures, small head size, and problems with movement and balance in young children. AS is caused by a missing or incomplete chromosome 15 that is inherited from the mother. Diagnosis of AS is usually made between three and seven years of age, when the characteristic behaviors and features of the disease become most evident. Prior to AS diagnosis, the symptoms may be mistaken for cerebral palsy or autism. Physical, occupational, and speech therapy, communication skills development, and behavior modification help to improve the quality of life of these children, but other treatments are needed.

In a previous study, decreased DNA methylation, which is a type of chemical change in DNA, was observed in an individual with AS; this condition may be a primary cause of AS. It is hypothesized that promoting increased DNA methylation might reduce the severity of AS symptoms. Betaine, creatine, Metafolin, and vitamin B12 are compounds normally found in the body that are involved in the DNA methylation pathway. Increasing the concentrations of these compounds in the body may enhance DNA methylation. This study will evaluate the efficacy of four dietary supplements in treating the symptoms of AS.

This study will last 12 months. Study visits will occur at study entry and Month 12. A selected group of participants, those who meet the diagnostic criteria for autism, will also be evaluated at Month 6. At study visits, participants will undergo an electroencephalogram (EEG). Medical history, physical exam, neurological exams, and developmental assessments will also be performed. Urine and blood collection, including tests to determine the blood levels of the dietary supplements, will occur at study entry and Months 6 and 12. Participants will receive two daily doses of Metafolin, betaine, and creatine, and one daily dose of vitamin B12 for the duration of the study. Parents will be asked to complete a questionnaire at each visit to report their child's behavior while taking the dietary supplements. Parents will also be contacted by phone periodically to assess changes and/or progress in their children.
The rationale for this study is to measure the safety of eliminating the glycemic monitoring that the investigators have done in all of the previous outpatient studies under both insulin only and bihormonal bionic pancreas control. The investigators are planning to transition the outpatient studies to an integrated bionic pancreas, the iLet, in the near future. The intended use of this device does not include remote monitoring, which would not be feasible on a commercial scale. Therefore, in this trial the investigators will test the effects on hypoglycemia of eliminating blood glucose related monitoring. In addition, the investigators will perform a pilot trial testing the effects of the bionic pancreas on food intake, exercise, weight and body composition. The primary purpose of this pilot is to assess the feasibility of performing these measurements in the context of a larger trial and to collect data that can be used to power sub-studies of pivotal trials looking at these outcomes. Finally, the investigators will test the accuracy of two new CGM devices to see if they have sufficient accuracy to provide glucose data to the bionic pancreas. If so, this would provide new options for users who may have difficulties with the only currently validated CGM for this purpose, the Dexcom G4 AP / G5 platform.
Lenalidomide capsules, a thalidomide analogue, are an immunomodulatory agent with antiangiogenic and antineoplastic properties. The chemical name is 3-(4-Amino-1-oxo 1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl) piperidine-2,6-dione and it has the following chemical structure:

The molecular formula for lenalidomide is C13H13N3O3, and the gram molecular weight is 259.27.

Lenalidomide is an off-white to pale yellow powder. It is soluble in organic solvent/water mixtures, and buffered aqueous solvents. Lenalidomide is more soluble in organic solvents and low pH solutions. Solubility was significantly lower in less acidic buffers, ranging from about 0.4 to 0.5 mg/mL. Lenalidomide has an asymmetric carbon atom and can exist as the optically active forms S(-) and R(+), and is produced as a racemic mixture with a net optical rotation of zero.

Lenalidomide is available in 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg and 25 mg capsules for oral administration. Each capsule contains lenalidomide as the active ingredient and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, gelatin, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch (corn), sodium stearyl fumarate and titanium dioxide. The 2.5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg capsules also contain FD&C Blue No. 2 and yellow iron oxide. The 10 mg capsules also contain black iron oxide. The black imprinting ink for the 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg and 25 mg capsules contains black iron oxide, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol, shellac and strong ammonia solution. The red imprinting ink for the 15 mg and 20 mg capsules contains ammonium hydroxide, propylene glycol, red iron oxide, shellac glaze and simethicone.
Up to 25% of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) may binge eat which is almost 10 times as many as in the general population. Binge eating is associated with depression, anxiety, and social isolation. Moreover, binge eating may increase the risk of obesity and high blood glucose levels, both of which can accelerate the onset of complications to diabetes and death in people with T2D. Still, little is known about the experiences, needs, and preferences of people with T2D and binge eating that can inform and develop current and future treatment efforts. The aim of the study was therefore to gain in-depth insights into the experiences and biopsychosocial support needs of women and men with T2D and binge eating. Twenty semi-structured individual interviews (65% with females) were conducted and analyzed according to the methodology of Interpretive Description. Four themes were identified: (a) T2D and binge eating: Feeling trapped in a vicious circle; (b) Unwanted outcasts: Responding to continuous criticism; (c) Biomedical relief: Blaming and adjusting the body; and, (d) Silent struggles: Wanting to cease the secrecy. Pertinent to all themes were the guilt, shame, and worries about developing complications that the participants experienced when binge eating despite having T2D. Although binge eating triggered emotional distress, binge eating was at the same time a way of coping with such distress. Implications for treatment and future research are discussed, including the need to systematically assess and address binge eating in routine T2D care.
Intra-articular and subdeltoid bursal corticosteroid injection and physical therapy (PT) are commonly used nonsurgical treatments for frozen shoulder and have shown good benefits. However, because of complex clinical pictures and overlapping stages, even after the above treatments, pain and contracture of affected shoulder may still exist, and adjuvant therapy is often needed throughout the course of treatment. Over the past few years new evidence has emerged on the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in the treatment of many musculoskeletal disorders. Because of its analgesic, anti-fibrotic effect, and anti-inflammatory effect, application of ESWT to frozen shoulder as an adjunct to other interventions has been tried. However, up to now the effect of ESWT against frozen shoulder has not been well established. We aim to investigate whether adding ESWT to corticosteroid injection and routine PT beneficial for patients with frozen shoulder? This is a prospective single-blind randomized controlled trial. Ninety-four participants with primary frozen shoulder will be recruited from the outpatient clinic of the department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital and randomly divided into ESWT group and SHAM group. Each subject in the ESWT group will receive 4 times of ESWT at weekly interval; while participants in the SHAM group receive 4 times of sham ESWT (minimal energy) at weekly interval. Participants in each group also receive 2 times of intraarticular and subdeltoid bursa corticosteroid injection at 2-weekly interval and 8-week physical therapy program.

Outcome measures include the pain visual analog scale (VAS), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), the Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ), active and passive range of motion (ROM) of the affected shoulder, the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and patient's self evaluation. Evaluations were performed at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, 6 months after the beginning of the treatment. Statistics will be performed after completion of treatment and follow-up.
This is an open label (all people know the identity of the intervention), dose optimization trial to assess the tolerability and efficacy of topiramate as monotherapy in recently (within 5 years) diagnosed patients with epilepsy. Treatment naive patients (patients who have never received the treatment before) and patients who failed on their first AED in monotherapy are allowed. Failure is defined as a lack of efficacy and/or tolerability of that AED and the reason for failure is recorded by the physician. A lack of efficacy is characterized when the patient has been treated with AED at target dose but the patient still has seizure. Topiramate will first be titrated up to an initial target dose that will be reached after 4-6 weeks. Further dose titration is guided by the clinical response of the individual patient, but the dose may not exceed a maximum of 400mg/day \[9mg/kg/day for children\]. If the patient uses an AED at entry, the AED will be fully tapered off over a period of 3 weeks, starting at the beginning of week 2, in order to have all patients on topiramate monotherapy at visit 3. Tapering the AED off may, however, extend this 3-week period if clinically indicated. Visits will be performed at baseline and after 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks. The total duration for each patient in the study will be 4 months.
1,132,697. Ribose-riboflavin derivatives. J. W. BLASZCZAK. 1 Dec., 1965, No. 50990/65. Heading C2C. [Also in Division A5] A therapeutic agent is prepared by the interaction of riboflavin or ribose and formaldehyde or a compound yielding formaldehyde under the conditions of the reaction at a temperature of at least 100‹ C. and completing the formaldehyde polymerization by repeated concentration and dilution of the reaction mixture. The process may be carried out optionally in the presence of magnesium sulphate, calcium lactate, manganese dioxide, ferrous sulphate, potassium permanganate, citric acid and adenine.
A 62-year-old, right-handed man was diagnosed with asymptomatic bilateral chronic subdural hematomas and underwent hematoma removal on the left side only. At 1 month after surgery, he was admitted to our hospital because he began to have one or two attacks/day of apraxia of speech and dysesthesia of the right hand with a duration of approximately 5 ‍min. The left hematoma had not re-expanded, but fluid-attenuated inversion resonance imaging showed hyperintense lesions in the sulci adjacent to the hematoma. Moreover, single-photon emission computed tomography revealed low-uptake lesions in the left cerebrum adjacent to the hematoma. Electroencephalogram showed no abnormalities, and CT angiography showed a slight deviation of the left middle cerebral arteries due to the hematoma. The attacks disappeared within 10 days, although the volume of the hematoma was unchanged. It was suggested that his transient neurological deficits were caused by cerebral ischemia related to chronic subdural hematoma.
Managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming increasingly complex and personalized, considering the advent of new advanced therapies with distinct mechanisms of action. Achieving mucosal healing (MH) is a pivotal therapeutic goal in IBD management and can prevent IBD progression and reduce flares, hospitalization, surgery, intestinal damage, and colorectal cancer. Employing proactive disease and therapy assessment is essential to achieve better control of intestinal inflammation, even if subclinical, to alter the natural course of IBD. Periodic monitoring of fecal calprotectin (FC) levels and interval endoscopic evaluations are cornerstones for evaluating response/remission to advanced therapies targeting IBD, assessing MH, and detecting subclinical recurrence. Here, we comment on the article by Ishida et al Moreover, this editorial aimed to review the role of FC and endoscopic scores in predicting MH in patients with IBD. Furthermore, we intend to present some evidence on the role of these markers in future targets, such as histological and transmural healing. Additional prospective multicenter studies with a stricter MH criterion, standardized endoscopic and histopathological analyses, and virtual chromoscopy, potentially including artificial intelligence and other biomarkers, are desired.
Clinical studies of metoclopramide did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether elderly subjects respond differently from younger subjects.

The risk of developing drug-induced Parkinsonism due to metoclopramide is dose-related. Geriatric patients should receive the lowest dose that is effective. If drug-induced Parkinsonism symptoms develop in a geriatric patient, Metoclopramide Hydrochloride Orally Disintegrating Tablets should be discontinued. The elderly may be at greater risk for tardive dyskinesia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

Sedation is a potential adverse event associated with metoclopramide use in the elderly.

Metoclopramide is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. For these reasons, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, starting at the low end of the dosing range, due to the greater frequency of decreased renal function, concomitant disease, or other drug therapy in the elderly. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
Diagnostic imaging is frequently utilized in modern medical practice, and various imaging modalities are routinely utilized in the care of pediatric patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an advanced imaging modality that is utilized to evaluate many conditions in pediatric patients. MRI is frequently favored over other imaging modalities in pediatrics since it allows for high-quality cross sectional imaging without the use of potentially harmful ionizing radiation, to which children are more sensitive than adults. However, MRI quality is highly dependent on patients' ability to hold still and follow instructions, which is often challenging in pediatric patients. Young and uncooperative children often require anesthesia to successfully complete MRI. Anesthesia can often be avoided with the assistance of Certified Child Life Specialists, who use techniques to reduce patient anxiety and improve children's ability to follow instructions during MRI. For example, children may visit the MRI unit or a simulator prior to the examination to contextualize the procedure1-3. Preparation, in the form of play, has been proven to reduce anxiety in children prior to scans and invasive medical procedures. Children who are prepared for medical procedures experience less fear and anxiety and will have better long term adjustment to medical challenges (Koller, 2008).