anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The researchers doing this study are also interested in looking for markers that will help predict which patients are most likely to be helped by the study drugs, durvalumab and tremelimumab. This is done by starting at a dose lower than the one that does not cause side effects in animals. Participants are given durvalumab alone or durvalumab together with tremelimumab and are watched very closely to see what side effects they have and to make sure the side effects are not severe. If the side effects are not severe, then new participants will be given a higher dose of durvalumab together with tremelimumab. Participants joining this study later on will get higher doses of durvalumab together with tremelimumab than participants who join earlier. This will continue until a dose is found that causes severe but temporary side effects. Doses higher than that will not be given.

The second purpose is to see if there are any differences in the side effects and the way durvalumab and tremelimumab are handled in your body when durvalumab is given together at the same time with tremelimumab compared to when durvalumab is given after tremelimumab. This is called dose level five.
This is a prospective randomized, controlled, single-center clinical trial study on ACL reconstruction surgery technique. In this study, 60 patients with ACL rupture were recruited according to the enrollment criteria. The recruited patients were randomly divided into groups. The ratio of the control group is 1:1. In this study, 30 patients with ACL rupture in the experimental group will be treated with all-inside reconstruction technique, and 30 patients with ACL rupture in the control group will be treated with complete tibial tunnel technique. All operations will be performed with 4-strand autologous semitendinosus tendon. All fixations will be performed using an adjustable cortical suspensory system. After reconstruction, all subjects will participate in the collection of clinical function scores including Marx Activity score, IKDC score, and clinical evaluation including physical examination, joint laxity, CT and MRI imaging analysis.
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal viral disease of domestic pigs that has significant economic consequences for swine breeding. Control of ASF has been hampered by the unavailability of vaccines. Recombinant viruses harboring engineered deletions of specific virulence-associated genes induce solid protection against the challenge with parental viruses. Here we report the construction of a recombinant Δ9GL virus derived from the highly virulent ASFV Georgia 2007 (ASFV-G) isolate. In vivo, ASFV-G Δ9GL administered intramuscularly (IM) to swine at relatively high doses (104 HAD50) retains a virulent phenotype practically indistinguishable from the parental virus. Conversely, at low IM doses (102 or 103 HAD50), ASFV-G Δ9GL does not induce disease. Importantly, animals infected with 103 HAD50 are protected against the presentation of clinical disease when challenge at 28 days post infection with the virulent parental strain Georgia 2007.
INTRODUCTION: One-fifth of children start school already overweight or living with obesity, with rates disproportionately impacting those living in the most deprived areas. Social, environmental and biological factors contribute to excess weight gain and programmes delivered in early years settings aim to support families to navigate these in order to prevent obesity. One of these programmes (Health, Exercise and Nutrition for the Really Young, HENRY) has been delivered in UK community venues (hereon named 'centres') in high deprivation areas since 2008 and aims to help families to provide a healthy start for their preschool children. We aim to establish the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of HENRY, including its potential role from a wider systems perspective.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a multicentre, open-labelled, two-group, prospective, cluster randomised controlled trial, with cost-effectiveness analysis, systems-based process evaluation and internal pilot. Primary analysis will compare body mass index (BMI) z-score at 12 months in children (n=984) whose parents have attended HENRY to those who have not attended. Secondary outcomes include parent and staff BMI and waist circumference, parenting efficacy, feeding, eating habits, quality of life, resource use and medium term (3 years) BMI z-scores (child and siblings). 82 centres in ~14 local authority areas will be randomised (1:1) to receive HENRY or continue with standard practice. Intention-to-treat analysis will compare outcomes using mixed effects linear regression. Economic evaluation will estimate a within-trial calculation of cost-per unit change in BMI z-score and longer-term trajectories to determine lifelong cost savings (long-term outcomes). A systems process evaluation will explore whether (and how) implementation of HENRY impacts (and is impacted by) the early years obesity system. An established parent advisory group will support delivery and dissemination.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval has been granted by the University of York, Health Sciences' Research Governance Committee (HSRGC/2022/537/E). Dissemination includes policy reports, community resources, social media and academic outputs.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN16529380.
Cognitive impairment is a commonly observed complication following myocardial infarction; however, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. The most recent research suggests that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) plays a critical role in the development and occurrence of cognitive dysfunction-related diseases. This study aims to explore whether the ERK inhibitor U0126 targets the ERK/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway to ameliorate cognitive impairment after myocardial infarction. To establish a mouse model of myocardial infarction, we utilized various techniques including Echocardiography, Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Elisa, Open field test, Elevated plus maze test, and Western blot analysis to assess mouse cardiac function, cognitive function, and signal transduction pathways. For further investigation into the mechanisms of cognitive function and signal transduction, we administered the ERK inhibitor U0126 via intraperitoneal injection. Reduced total distance and activity range were observed in mice subjected to myocardial infarction during the open field test, along with decreased exploration of the open arms in the elevated plus maze test. However, U0126 treatment exhibited a significant improvement in cognitive decline, indicating a protective effect through the inhibition of the ERK/STAT1 signaling pathway. Hence, this study highlights the involvement of the ERK/STAT1 pathway in regulating cognitive dysfunction following myocardial infarction and establishes U0126 as a promising therapeutic target.
BACKGROUND: Proximal femur fracture surgeries have become increasingly prevalent, presenting unique challenges for postoperative pain management due to patient demographics and comorbidities. Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has emerged as a relatively safe alternative to paravertebral block (PVB). Our aim was to compare ultrasound-guided continuous ESPB with continuous PVB for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing proximal femur surgeries under spinal anesthesia.
METHODS: A prospective randomized interventional study was conducted on 60 patients between 18 and 60 years of age undergoing proximal femur surgeries under spinal anesthesia with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II between January 2019 and April 2020. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either ultrasound-guided continuous ESPB (Group E, n = 30) or ultrasound-guided continuous PVB (Group P, n = 30) using a computer-generated randomization table. The mean maximum visual analog scale (VAS) score, VAS score in the first 24 h, the time of rescue analgesia, and total requirement of rescue analgesia were assessed.
RESULTS: The maximum VAS score within the first 24 h was numerically higher in Group P but statistically insignificant (p-value 0.279). VAS scores at 0, 1, 2, 6, and 18 h postoperatively were comparable in both groups. However, at the 24-h mark, the VAS score between Group E and Group P was statistically significant (p-value 0.018) but not clinically relevant. The mean paracetamol and tramadol requirements were comparable between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: Continuous ESPB is as effective as continuous PVB for postoperative analgesia in proximal femur surgeries. The enhanced safety profile of erector spinae block underscores its significance in postoperative pain management.
Subjects with DFU will receive a single application of GSK1278863 or placebo (with 6:2 ratio) in two dosing periods separated by 10 days. The first application will be made on DFU and second application on intact skin. Dose will be based on wound area and review from previous cohort data.
Background and Objectives: Urolithiasis occurrence is uncommon in kidney transplantation patients, though it has serious implications, including acute kidney injury in the transplanted kidney. This study investigates the leading causes of urolithiasis in kidney transplantation patients, the diagnostic process, and the outcomes of multimodal management. Materials and Methods: Data collection spanned from January 1997 to December 2021, involving kidney transplantation patients with urolithiasis from the database of the Korean Society of Endourology and Robotics (KSER) research committee. Analysis encompassed factors triggering urolithiasis, the diagnostic process, stone attributes, treatment methods, and outcomes. Results: Our analysis included 58 kidney transplantation patients with urolithiasis from eight medical centers. Of these patients, 37 were male and 4 had previous urolithiasis diagnoses. The mean age was 59.09 ± 10.70 years, with a mean duration from kidney transplantation to diagnosis of 76.26 ± 183.14 months. The most frequent method of stone detection was through asymptomatic routine check-ups (54.7%). Among the 58 patients, 51 underwent stone treatment. Notably, 95.3% of patients with ureter stones received treatment, a significantly higher rate than the 66.7% of patients with renal stones (p = 0.010). Success rates showed no significant differences between renal (70%) and ureter stone (78.0%) groups (p = 0.881). Conclusions: Urolithiasis in transplanted kidneys constitutes an acute condition requiring emergency intervention. Endo-urological interventions are effective for kidney transplantation patients with urolithiasis. To ensure prevention and early detection, diligent follow-up and routine imaging tests are necessary.
Iron overload is common worldwide. If left untreated, body iron overload leads to multiple organ abnormalities including hepatic, endocrine (diabetes) and cardiac failure. In patients with ineffective erythropoiesis, iron overload results from the combination of increased intestinal absorption and transfusion. Unfortunately, physiological means to remove excess iron are limited, and treatments are limited to therapeutic phlebotomy and chelation therapy. While phlebotomy is the preferred therapy for patients with hemochromatosis, therapy for anemic patients is largely limited to chelation drugs. Since those drugs are frequently inadequate, additional iron-reduction therapies are being sought. Based upon recently published data in a rodent model, the purpose of this study is to determine if nifedipine will increase iron excretion in the urine among humans with increased levels of iron. Volunteers will be given a single oral dose (20mg) of nifedipine. Iron level in collections of urine will be measured and compared before and after nifedipine to determine if there is an associated increase in urinary iron excretion.
BACKGROUND: There has been debate regarding whether increases in longevity result in longer and healthier lives or more disease and suffering. To address the issue, this study uses health expectancy methods and tests an expansion versus compression of morbidity with respect to pain.
METHODS: Data are from 1993 to 2018 Health and Retirement Study. Pain is categorized as no pain, nonlimiting, and limiting pain. Multistate life tables examine 77 996 wave-to-wave transitions across pain states or death using the Stochastic Population Analysis for Complex Events program. Results are presented as expected absolute and relative years of life for 70-, 80-, and 90-year-old men and women. Confidence intervals assess significance of differences over time. Population- and status-based results are presented.
RESULTS: For those 70 and 80 years old, relative and absolute life with nonlimiting and limiting pain increased substantially for men and women, and despite variability on a wave-to-wave basis, results generally confirm an expanding pain morbidity trend. Results do not vary by baseline status, indicating those already in pain are just as likely to experience expansion of morbidity as those pain-free at baseline. Results are different for 90-year-olds who have not experienced expanding pain morbidity and do not show an increase in life expectancy.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings are consistent with extant literature indicating increasing pain prevalence among older Americans and portend a need for attention to pain-coping resources, therapies, and prevention strategies.
The invention relates to a novel method for preventing and treating atherosclerosis with a combinational medicament. Atherosclerosis plaque is the main pathology of a coronary heart disease, so that the reduction of cholesterol in macrophage is important means for preventing and treating the coronary heart disease. An ABCA1 (ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1) molecule is used for facilitating cellular cholesterol efflux and resisting atherosclerosis. A nuclear factor LXR (Liver X Receptor) ligand is used for activating the expression of the ABCA1 and inhibiting arteriosclerosis, but causes fatty liver. For preventing a severe side effect, an ERK1/2 (Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase) inhibitor-LXR (Liver X Receptor) excitant combinational medicament is used for stimulating the multiplication effect of ABCA1 expression, so that the dosage of the LXR ligand is lowered. As proved by a research result, the ERK1/2 inhibitor-LXR excitant combinational medicament can be used for effectively inhibiting the formation of the mouse aortic atherosclerosis plaque, and has effective prevention and treatment effects on the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis; and meanwhile, the using dosage of the LXR excitant is optimized with a combined therapy, so that the risk of causing fat liver is lowered.
Treatment of a patient with toxic manifestations consists of assuring and maintaining a patent airway and supporting ventilation (respiration) as required. This usually will be sufficient in the management of most reactions. Should a convulsion persist despite ventilatory therapy, small increments of anticonvulsive agents may be given intravenously, such as benzodiazephine (e.g., diazepam) or ultrashort-acting barbiturates (e.g., thiopental or thiamylal) or short-acting barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital or secobarbital). Cardiovascular depression may require circulatory assistance with intravenous fluids and/or vasopressor (e.g., Ephedrine) as dictated by the clinical situation. Allergic reactions should be managed by conventional means.

IV and SC LD50's in mice for Mepivacaine Hydrochloride 3% are 33 and 258 mg/kg, respectively. The acute IV and SC LD50's in mice for Mepivacaine Hydrochloride 2% with Levonordefrin 1:20,000 are 30 and 184 mg/kg, respectively.
A hybrid photovoltaic and solar thermal system for generating electrical energy and providing heated water for storage or immediate use. The system includes photovoltaic solar panels, each attached to base with an open top, a bottom, and sides. A base cover is connected to the base sides to define a fluid reservoir. A fluid inlet disposed in each side of the bases provide water to the reservoir from a water supply. A fluid outlet disposed in the sides of each base discharges heated water from the reservoirs through a discharge pipe connected to hot water storage tanks. Electrically controlled valves on the inlet and outlets are under the control of a controller coupled to temperature sensors in the reservoirs, such that water is released from the reservoirs and replenished to the reservoirs only after water contained in the reservoirs reaches a predetermined temperature.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject powder capable of easily being tableted by emulsifying an oily material with hydrolyzed gelatin having a specific molecular weight and gelatin having a specific molecular weight and subsequently spray drying the emulsion. SOLUTION: This oily material-containing powder is obtained by emulsifying (A) an oily material [a material hardly soluble in liquid water at room temperatures (e.g. vitamin E,dl-α-tocopherol, etc.)] with (B) hydrolyzed gelatin having 8,000-13,000 average molecular weight [gelatin obtained by partially hydrolyzing gelatin having several hundreds to several millions average molecular weight] and (C) gelatin having >=100,000 average molecular weight, preferably in water heated to about 60 deg.C, thereafter spray drying the emulsion, preferably at about 100-300 deg.C hot air temperature by a disk method, a nozzle method or the like. The aforesaid powder is directly tableted without passing a granulation process by directly mixing the powder with a formulation assistant (microcrystalline cellulose, etc.), having usual flow characteristics.
Purpose: This case series describes the experiences and outcomes of multiple Australian surgeons performing robotic-assisted bladder diverticulectomy (RABD), highlighting the procedural effectiveness and safety, for both benign and malignant indications for diverticulectomy. Methods: Outcomes were analyzed from 13 experienced Australian urologists who performed RABD between 2016 and 2023. Retrospective analysis was performed on prospectively collected data, which included patient demographics, diverticulum characteristics, surgical approaches, and post-operative outcomes. Surgical techniques included the extravesical and intravesical approaches, with the focus on maintaining oncological principles in cases of malignancy. Results: A total of 28 patients underwent RABD, with the majority being male and a mean age of 63.9 years. All surgeons utilized a four-port transperitoneal approach and opted for the extravesical dissection of the diverticular neck; one case utilized both an extravesical and a trans-diverticular approach. Functional outcomes demonstrated symptomatic resolution in patients with nonmalignant diverticula, whereas oncological outcomes indicated clear margins in 90% of malignant cases. The average length of the procedure was 106 minutes, with minimal blood loss and a mean hospital stay of 2.67 days. Early complications occurred in 14% with the majority Clavien-Dindo grade II. Conclusion: Robotic bladder diverticulectomy, predominantly via the transperitoneal extravesical approach, has emerged as a safe, effective, and reliable surgical intervention for both malignant and nonmalignant bladder diverticula. The consistent surgical approach and excellent outcomes demonstrated in this case series reinforce the procedure's potential as a safe option, even in the setting of malignancy within a diverticulum.
Patients with chronic and serious illnesses experience significant quality of life concerns. More research is needed to understand the impact of financial burden on patients with COPD, heart failure, and kidney failure. Patients with COPD, heart failure, or kidney failure completed a cross-sectional online survey using validated measures of financial burden (general financial strain as well as financial toxicity attributable to treatment), physical quality of life (symptom burden and perceived health), and emotional quality of life (anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation). ANCOVA was used to examine whether financial strain and financial toxicity were associated with physical and emotional quality of life, while accounting for key covariates. Among 225 participants with COPD (n = 137), heart failure (n = 48), or kidney failure (n = 40), 62.2% reported general financial strain, with 34.7% experiencing financial toxicity attributable to treatments. Additionally, 68.9% rated their health as fair or poor, experiencing significant symptom burden including fatigue, dyspnea, and chest pain. Participants also reported clinically relevant levels of anxiety (55.1%), depression (52.0%), and suicidal ideation (21.8%). In the total sample, financial strain was associated with worse physical and emotional quality of life on all measures (all Ps < .001). Financial toxicity attributable to treatment was not associated with quality of life in the total sample or subsamples. Patients with COPD, heart failure, and kidney failure face significant financial, physical, and emotional burdens. Financial strain appears to undermine physical and emotional quality of life. Our study highlights the demand for interventions aimed at mitigating financial strain and toxicity experienced by individuals with chronic illnesses.
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and its pathogenesis has not been clarified. Current research suggests that DKD involves multiple cell types and extra-renal factors, and it is particularly important to clarify the pathogenesis and identify new therapeutic targets. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology is high-throughput sequencing of the transcriptomes of individual cells at the single-cell level, which is an effective technology for exploring the development of diseases by comparing genetic information, reflecting the differences in genetic information between cells, and identifying different cell subpopulations. Accumulating evidence supports the role of scRNA-seq in revealing the pathogenesis of diabetes and strengthening our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of DKD. We reviewed the scRNA-seq data this time. Then, we analyzed and discussed the applications of scRNA-seq technology in DKD research, including annotation of cell types, identification of novel cell types (or subtypes), identification of intercellular communication, analysis of cell differentiation trajectories, gene expression detection, and analysis of gene regulatory networks, and lastly, we explored the future perspectives of scRNA-seq technology in DKD research.