anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Colorectal cancer is common in China. Most colorectal cancers happen when an adenoma becomes cancerous. Doctors use colonoscopy to look inside the colon and rectum and find adenomas and remove them. Removing adenomas is known to reduce the chances of a person developing colorectal cancers. The ability of colonoscopists finding adenomas varies, and there is a lot of researches into how to improve "adenoma detection rates".

A new AI system, called the CSK endoscopic diagnosis and treatment system has been designed to improve the rate of polyp detection at colonoscopy. Previous tests have shown that there is a significant improvement in detection of adenomas when the system is used. This study will randomize patients coming for colonoscopy to have their procedure performed as usual or as an AI-assisted colonoscopy. The investigators will record polyp and adenoma detection rates, duration of procedure, participant comfort levels, and complications. All patients referred for colonoscopy will be invited in 4 centers, recruiting a total of 800 participants.
Two long-term open-label studies were conducted, involving a total of 2,028 patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis. Patients were randomized to receive lanthanum carbonate or alternative phosphate binders for up to six months in one study and two years in the other. The daily lanthanum carbonate chewable tablets doses; divided and taken with meals, ranged from 375 mg to 3,000 mg. Doses were titrated to reduce serum phosphate levels to a target level. The daily doses of the alternative therapy were based on current prescribing information or those commonly utilized. Both treatment groups had similar reductions in serum phosphate of about 1.8 mg/dL. Maintenance of reduction was observed for up to three years in patients treated with lanthanum carbonate in long-term, open-label extensions.

No effects of lanthanum carbonate on serum levels of 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin E, and vitamin K were observed in patients who were monitored for 6 months.

Paired bone biopsies (at baseline and at one or two years) in 69 patients randomized to either lanthanum carbonate or calcium carbonate in one study and 99 patients randomized to either lanthanum carbonate or alternative therapy in a second study showed no differences in the development of mineralization defects between the groups.

Vital status was known for over 2,000 patients, 97% of those participating in the clinical program during and after receiving treatment. The adjusted yearly mortality rate (rate/years of observation) for patients treated with lanthanum carbonate chewable tablets or alternative therapy was 6.6%.
Progressive muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a group of hereditary skeletal muscle degeneration diseases. It is clinically characterized by slow and progressive development of muscle atrophy and muscle weakness. The inheritance can be divided into sexual chain recessiveness. Genetic type. For children with high suspected DMD/BMD, the current DMD diagnosis is preferred by MLPA method for detection of DNA in peripheral blood; MLPA diagnostic kit can only detect about 65% of large gene deletions or repeat types, thus detecting undetected gene mutations.
Patients will receive 4 mg loperamide per os 15 minutes prior injection of the 4FMFES radiotracer dose. As a peristalsis inhibitor, it is expected that this medication will slow down the intestinal progression of the radio-metabolite bolus and thus spare the lower abdomen (where the assessed organs of interest are) of overwhelming background that could impair diagnosis.
INTRODUCTION: Central obesity has been shown to better indicate health risks compared to general obesity. Measures of central obesity include waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC). The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recently recommended the use of WHtR alongside body mass index (BMI) to identify risks in adults and children, whilst recognising the need for more evidence relating to WHtR in children. This study explores risk thresholds for central obesity measures throughout adolescence. It compares these with those currently recommended in England and discusses whether these thresholds are age- and sex-specific.
METHODS: Data on adolescents aged 11 to 18 years from the Health Survey for England (HSE) during 2005 to 2014 was used to calculate WHtR, WHR and WC percentiles. Next, smoothed lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) curves were created and the percentiles which align with the adult thresholds at age 18 years identified. This allows the most appropriate risk related thresholds for each measure during adolescence to be determined.
RESULTS: WHtR LMS curves are stable and flat throughout adolescence. WHR decreases in girls and WC increases in both boys and girls, during adolescence. Across all measures, there is slightly more fluctuation in higher percentiles, and in girls' WHR.
DISCUSSION: In practice, WHtR thresholds are simple to use to identify central obesity related risks. In particular, they are recommended because the same thresholds can be used for males and females and for adolescents and adults. The results support NICE guidance to use WHtR thresholds alongside BMI thresholds to identify individual risk.
IMPLICATIONS AND CONTRIBUTION: This study uses central obesity measures, including waist-to-height and waist-to-hip ratios, to investigate risk-related thresholds for adolescents. It is the first to do so using English data. It provides support for current NICE recommendations to use adult waist-to-height thresholds in adults and children, alongside BMI measures in clinical and non-clinical settings.
BACKGROUND: Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a neuroimmunological skin disease. Severe itching is the most challenging symptom which affects patients' quality of life. T helper 2-derived cytokines, such as interleukin-31 and oncostatin M (OSM), play a crucial role in PN pathogenesis. Nemolizumab and vixarelimab are two biologics acting as IL-31 inhibitors. Vixarelimab also suppresses the OSM activity. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of nemolizumab and vixarelimab in PN management.
METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Ovid Embase, and Web of Science up to September 17th, 2023. Clinical trials and cohort studies published in English were included.
RESULTS: Among a total of 96 relevant records, five were included. The results of four studies with 452 patients using nemolizumab showed that a significantly higher percentage of patients treated with nemolizumab demonstrated a reduction in peak pruritus numerical rating scale (PP-NRS) and investigator's global assessment along with improved sleep disturbance (SD) and quality of life than the placebo group. Moreover, one study administered vixarelimab to 49 PN patients, and their finding illustrated a higher rate of subjects who received vixarelimab experienced ≥ 4-point diminution in worst itch NRS, visual analog scale, healing of representative lesions, and SD quality compared to the placebo group.
CONCLUSIONS: IL-31 inhibitors suggest distinct advantages in improving pruritus, sleep quality, and overall quality of life in subjects with moderate-to-severe PN. Further clinical studies are recommended to compare the effectiveness of these biologics to other therapeutic choices.
Patients randomized to this arm receive experimental counseling on the importance of attending PFPT appointments. This includes the standard 2-page educational handout and a 4-minute educational video.
Next-generation sequencing has revolutionized the speed of rare disease (RD) diagnoses. While clinical exome and genome sequencing represent an effective tool for many RD diagnoses, there is room to further improve the diagnostic odyssey of many RD patients. One recognizable intervention lies in increasing equitable access to genomic testing. Rural communities represent a significant portion of underserved and underrepresented individuals facing additional barriers to diagnosis and treatment. Primary care providers (PCPs) at local clinics, though sometimes suspicious of a potential benefit of genetic testing for their patients, have significant constraints in pursuing it themselves and rely on referrals to specialists. Yet, these referrals are typically followed by long waitlists and significant delays in clinical assessment, insurance clearance, testing, and initiation of diagnosis-informed care management. Not only is this process time intensive, but it also often requires multiple visits to urban medical centers for which distance may be a significant barrier to rural families. Therefore, providing early, "direct-to-provider" (DTP) local access to unrestrictive genomic testing is likely to help speed up diagnostic times and access to care for RD patients in rural communities. In a pilot study with a PCP clinic in rural Kansas, we observed a minimum 5.5 months shortening of time to diagnosis through the DTP exome sequencing program as compared to rural patients receiving genetic testing through the "traditional" PCP-referral-to-specialist scheme. We share our experience to encourage future partnerships beyond our center. Our efforts represent just one step in fostering greater diversity and equity in genomic studies.
Participants will undergo 5 daily sessions of tDCS for 20 minutes using a montage in which an anode (2 mA) is placed over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the cathode will be place on the right supraorbital area. Subjects will participate in cognitive therapy during stimulation.
BACKGROUND: Gutka, a smokeless tobacco mixture containing tobacco and areca nut, is widely consumed in South Asia and impairs wound healing due to vasoconstrictive and cytotoxic effects. Wound healing assessment in oral surgery lacks standardisation, and phase-specific evaluation tools are seldom used. This study aimed to compare post-extraction healing after atraumatic tooth extraction in gutka chewers and non-chewers using the modified Inflammation Proliferation Remodeling (IPR) scale to validate this scale for clinical use.
METHODS: A prospective cohort study at a dental college in Karachi, Pakistan, included 200 participants aged 18-45 undergoing atraumatic extraction of premolars or molars, divided into gutka chewers (n = 100) and non-chewers (n = 100). The modified IPR scale was developed and validated using content validity assessment by experts, pilot testing, inter-rater reliability (Cohen's kappa), and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Wound healing was assessed using the validated modified IPR scale immediately post-extraction (Day 0), at the proliferative phase (Day 7), and the remodelling phase (6 weeks). Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U tests, multivariate linear regression, and Spearman's correlation.
RESULTS: The modified IPR scale demonstrated good content validity, substantial inter-rater reliability (Cohen's kappa 0.80-0.86), and good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.84). No significant difference in IPR scores was observed between groups during the inflammatory phase (Day 0). Gutka chewers had significantly higher IPR scores during the proliferative phase (mean 5.9 ± 1.6 versus 4.2 ± 1.2; p < 0.001) and the remodelling phase (mean 3.6 ± 1.2 vs. 2.1 ± 0.9; p < 0.001), indicating delayed healing. Gutka use was a significant predictor of delayed healing (B = 1.2, p < 0.001) after adjusting for age and gender. Duration of gutka use positively correlated with higher IPR scores during the proliferative (rho = 0.46, p < 0.001) and remodelling phases (rho = 0.51, p < 0.001), reflecting a dose-dependent effect. The questionnaire was effectively validated with an 80% response rate and a 90.9% completion rate.
CONCLUSIONS: Gutka chewing is significantly associated with delayed post-extraction wound healing, with longer duration correlating with poorer outcomes. The modified IPR scale was effectively validated and proved to be a reliable tool for assessing wound healing progression, demonstrating its utility in clinical practice and research settings. Dental professionals should consider gutka use when planning patient care, and public health initiatives should aim to eliminate gutka consumption to improve oral health outcomes.
Perineal ES was applied in the lithotomy position by means of a combined electrotherapy (stimulation) device with surface electrodes. Anal ES was applied 3 days a week, 20 minutes a day, for a total of 24 sessions for 8 weeks. Stimulation parameters were 50 Hz frequency, 5-10 s work-rest cycle and 300 µs pulse amplitude. Symmetrical biphasic pulse wave was given in the range of 1-100 mA (according to the patient's discomfort level feedback). In this procedure, five surface electrodes with a diameter of 2 cm will be used, four electrodes symmetrically in the perianal region and one electrode in the leg (ground-neutral electrode). Patients will not perform voluntary contractions during ES. Surface electrodes will be used separately for each patient. Perineal ES sessions were performed by an investigator participating in the study. Men who missed any treatment session for the stimulation group were excluded from the study.
Bovine clinical mastitis is characterized by inflammation and immune responses, with apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells as a cellular reaction to infection. PIEZO1, identified as a mechanotransduction effector channel in nonruminant animals and sensitive to both mechanical stimuli or inflammatory signals like lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, its role in inflammatory processes in cattle has not been well-documented. The aim of this study was to elucidate the in situ expression of PIEZO1 in bovine mammary gland and its potential involvement in clinical mastitis. We observed widespread distribution and upregulation of PIEZO1 in mammary epithelial cells in clinical mastitis cows and LPS-induced mouse models, indicating a conserved role across species. In vitro studies using mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) revealed that LPS upregulates PIEZO1. Notably, the effects of PIEZO1 artificial activator Yoda1 increased apoptosis and NLRP3 expression, effects mitigated by PIEZO1 silencing or NLRP3 inhibition. In conclusion, the activation of the PIEZO1-NLRP3 pathway induces abnormal apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells, potentially serving as a regulatory mechanism to combat inflammatory responses to abnormal stimuli.
Anesthesia induction in the opioid group Sufentanil 0.5 ug/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg, rocuronium bromide 0.9 mg/kg. Anesthesia is maintained with propofol 5 mg/kg/h and remifentanil 1 ug/kg/h.
This is a Phase II, open-label, single-arm study evaluating the efficacy and safety of combined treatment of Inosine with chemotherapy in metastatic TNBC (triple negative breast cancer) patients who progressed during or following previous chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the backbone drug for TNBC. How to reverse chemotherapy resistance or how to increase the sensitivity of chemotherapy efficacy, has become an urgent clinical problem to be solved. The preclinical results show that Inosine play a potentially important role in regulating the tumor microenvironment. The investigators found that inosine from intestinal probiotics was negatively correlated with breast cancer recurrence and metastasis after chemotherapy, and further functional experiments showed that inosine-producing flora or dietary supplementation with inosine could significantly inhibit the survival of tumor cells after chemotherapy and inhibit the recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer. Furthermore, it is considered to have a high level of safety. Based on preclinical studies, the investigators designed this study to enroll mTNBC patients who have progressed during or following chemotherapy, and to explore the efficacy of combined inosine with chemotherapy at a clinical level, providing new strategies of combined treatment for TNBC patients.
The invention concerns a cosmetic agent suitable for treatment of both the skin and the hair and containing a combination of: a) 0.1 to 25 % by wt. of at least one salt of choline of an inorganic acid or an inorganic carboxylic acid or a polyacrylic acid homopolymer or copolymer; and b) 0.1 to 10 % by wt. of at least one physiologically compatible aliphatic organic acid. The agent proposed can be used as a hair-treatment agent, a skin-treatment agent or a hair- and skin-treatment agent. The agent improves the wet-combing characteristics of the hair, shows good compatibility with the scalp and gives the hair a soft feel and good shine. The agent proposed shows good compatibility with the skin and eyes, gives the hair a well groomed appearance and is also biodegradable.
No adverse events increase in frequency with longer duration of treatment. The Table displays all adverse events reported in a frequency of 10% or greater from either the 200 mg dose group or the placebo group for the pooled double-blind phases of Studies GL94-01 and GL95-02. Because the number of patients who received prasterone 100 mg was substantially fewer, adverse events for this group are only presented for those adverse events which were reported in ≥ 10% of either placebo or prasterone 200 mg patients. 

For adverse events occurring in < 10% of patients, the following showed an absolute difference of at least 3% between placebo or prasterone 200 mg, or, if less than 3% difference, the difference was significant (p < 0.05): 

The pattern of adverse events in clinical study GLB96-01 showed a similar, but not identical pattern. Acne was the most common adverse event; this may reflect the fact that almost all patients were also receiving corticosteroids. This may also reflect racial differences in sensitivity to prasterone. By contrast, hirsutism was not reported at all in GLB96-01. 

Of adverse events reported by at least 10% of patients, acne was the only event significantly more frequent in the treatment group. Headache and infection were more frequent in the placebo group. Of the adverse events reported with an incidence of less than 10%, the only statistically significant difference was for seborrhea (0 placebo vs. 5 treatment patients). 

### 6.3.1 Hypertension 

Hypertension was reported as an adverse event more frequently in the prasterone 200 mg group than placebo. When measures of increased (changed) blood pressure were included, there appeared to be no difference between the groups. Whether prasterone increases hypertension is thus not clear.
All patients were given the standard hospital-provided services: psychiatric nursing care, occupational therapy, and pharmacotherapy. All of the family caregivers were only to attend a routine 60-minute family discussion group about violence and suicide prevention without any specific patient-family dyad interview.
A panel of 10 experts in obesity from various Latin American countries held a Zoom meeting intending to reach a consensus on the use of anti-obesity medicines and make updated recommendations suitable for the Latin American population based on the available evidence. A questionnaire with 16 questions was developed using the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (Result) methodology, which was iterated according to the modified Delphi methodology, and a consensus was reached with 80% or higher agreement. Failure to reach a consensus led to a second round of analysis with a rephrased question and the same rules for agreement. The recommendations were drafted based on the guidelines of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice. This panel of experts recommends drug therapy in patients with a body mass index of ≥30 or ≥27 kg/m2 plus at least one comorbidity, when lifestyle changes are not enough to achieve the weight loss objective; alternatively, lifestyle changes could be maintained while considering individual parameters. Algorithms for the use of long-term medications are suggested based on drugs that increase or decrease body weight, results, contraindications, and medications that are not recommended. The authors concluded that anti-obesity treatments should be individualized and multidisciplinary.
The potential influence of pituitary-related hormones (including both pituitary gland and target gland hormones) on functional recovery after traumatic brain injury has been observed. However, the relationship between these hormones and the recovery of consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) remains unclear. In this retrospective and observational study, 208 patients with DOC were recruited. According to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores after 6 months, patients with DOC were categorized into two subgroups: a favorable prognosis subgroup (n = 38) comprising those who regained consciousness (GOS score ≥3), and a poor prognosis subgroup (n = 156) comprising those who remained in DOC (GOS score <3). Comparative analyses of pituitary-related hormone levels between the two subgroups were conducted. Further, a binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the predictive value of pituitary-related hormones for the patients' prognosis. The favorable prognosis subgroup showed a significant increase in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels (p = 0.036). Moreover, higher ACTH levels and shorter days since injury were significantly associated with a better prognosis, with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.928 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.873-0.985, p = 0.014) and 1.015 (95% CI = 1.005-1.026, p = 0.005), respectively. A subsequent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated the potential to predict patients' prognosis with an area under the curve value of 0.78, an overall accuracy of 75.5%, a sensitivity of 77.5%, and a specificity of 66.7%. Our findings indicate that ACTH levels could serve as a clinically valuable and convenient predictor for patients' prognosis.
Hypertonic concentration. This solution has a concentration of mineral salts (concentration of halides expressed as NaCl: 21 g/L) higher than that of human cells.
Shift work is necessary for the provision of health services, especially in hospitals as it is the only way to provide continuous care to patients. Working at night is inconsistent with the body's biological clock and night shift working hugely disrupts the circadian and sleep wake cycles. In 2020, the World Health Organization classified night shift working as being a 'probable' class 2A carcinogen and a number of independent cohort studies of both night workers and shift workers have observed increased incidence of certain cancers. Altered sleep timing, food timing and light exposure typical for shift workers leads to an acute circadian disruption and misalignment of regulatory hormones. This straying from synchronisation has been shown to result in individuals being more vulnerable to a number of chronic health conditions. Night shift work disrupts the normal sleep-wake cycle, often leading to shortened sleep duration and excessive fatigue and the results of this are far reaching. This article will explore the full impact of shift working, questioning if current practices employed within the NHS should continue.