Appendix 1. TITLE: Scalp Shielding Formulations to prevent chemical penetration, burning, skin colour staining and irritation associated to process of on-skin chemical hair colouring, lightening or bleaching preparations. Technical Field: On-skin mammal hair colouring, lightening or bleaching services. Background: [0001] Hair colouring, lightening or bleaching applications designed to bring an effect of changing the natural colour state of human hair is a common practice done in professional salon environments and home environments all over the world on a daily basis. These processes use chemical preparations of an alkaline pH nature to affect a major part of the colour transformation. [0002] The chemical process used to achieve the colour lightening and or deposit of pigment is an oxidation process and these colouring chemicals often have a negative effect on the comfort of the recipient, the condition of affected skin and often result in unwanted and unsightly colour staining of the skin, chemical irritation and skin inflammation. Despite a good professional Hairdressing Salon common knowledge and many well documented examples of irritation and unsightly skin staining caused by alkaline based colour preparations only a few formulations have been made to assist in this area. [0003] Of these formulations mentioned above, examination of these preparations reveals that they are either petroleum jelly based barriers to aqueous preparations or are derived from combinations of ingredients such as polysorbates, silicone oils or natural oils and maintain a liquid form during the colour process allowing for some penetration of the colour chemicals through these preparations into the skin through the protective medium. [0004] Additionally, none of these known formulations address the free radical singlet oxygen damage created by the use of Hydrogen Peroxide within the alkaline based colour and bleaching preparations. [0005] A formulation that can be applied to the skin of the scalp, hairline or other skin to which the colour formulation is about to be applied which will form a homogeneous film within the Stratum corneum and on top of the skin's surface once an alkaline substance has been applied to the affected area are not known. [0006] Further a formulation which targets free singlet oxygen by the addition of active free radical scavenging agents to quench and neutralise the damage done by the free radical oxidation within the skin is not known. [0007] It is therefore objects of the present invention to provide such formulations and methods of preventing alkaline chemical hair colour and bleaching preparations and free radical singlet oxygen from penetrating the skin and rendering such undesirable effects as skin inflammation, skin burning, skin itching and skin colour staining when using such formulations. Summary of the Invention: [0008] Generally speaking, the present invention is a product formulation and product application technique applied to a mammal's skin for the purpose of creating a protective shielding system from the chemical preparations of an alkaline pH hair colour and bleaching preparation used to effect hair colour change. [0009] In certain non-limiting embodiments, the present invention is directed to methods of preventing skin disorders, colour staining, burning, inflammation and irritation associated with alkaline pH hair colour and bleaching preparation including topical administration to a mammal a composition, the skin protection composition including (a) at least one agent derived from Chitosan; (b) at least one anti-oxidant compound present in a therapeutically effective amount to quench free radical singlet oxygen and other free radical compounds; (c) a cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical carrier effective for topical administration of the at least one skin protecting agent and at least one free radical scavenging agent to a mammal. [0010] In certain non-limiting embodiments of the present invention, the composition in any embodiment of the present invention may include at least one polysaccharide agent called Chitosan (Chitin) and derivatives, combinations and mixtures thereof. [0011] In certain non-limiting embodiments, the present invention, the composition in any embodiment of the present invention may further include at least one antioxidant, which in certain embodiments of the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, tocopherol, catalase, tocopheryl acetate, lycopene, carotenoids, resveratrol, astaxanthin, anthocyanins, proanthocyanins, polyphenols, tannins and derivatives, combinations and mixtures thereof. [0012] The inventive formulation may, in various exemplary, non-limiting embodiments, be provided in forms suitable for topical administration and that the resulting transepidermal delivery of a therapeutically effective amount of Chitosan, for example and without limitation the inventive formulation may be provided as creams, gels, lotions, solutions, sprays, emulsions, aerosols, and combinations thereof and may provide multilamellar versicles, liposomes, nanospheres, misrosponges, or combinations thereof. In certain exemplary, non -limiting embodiments, the active agents, including Chitosan, may be encapsulated (including microencapsulation) in the inventive formulations, for example, to be released when the encapsulation is ruptured under pressure, for time-release of the agent, and so forth. Suitable encapsulation materials and techniques, including those which release the encapsulated agent over time, are known in the art.