anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Psoriasis is a common and prevalent chronic papulosquamous cutaneous disorder characterized by sustained inflammation, uncontrolled keratinocyte proliferation, dysfunctional differentiation, and angiogenesis. Autophagy, an intracellular catabolic process, can be induced in response to nutrient stress. It entails the degradation of cellular constituents through the lysosomal machinery, and its association with psoriasis has been well-documented. Nevertheless, there remains a notable dearth of research concerning the involvement of autophagy in the pathogenesis of psoriasis within human skin. This review provides a comprehensive overview of autophagy in psoriasis pathogenesis, focusing on its involvement in two key pathological manifestations: sustained inflammation and uncontrolled keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, it discusses potential avenues for disease management.
Severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms who were treated with Venlafaxine. Tab. Venlafaxine 75mg/day, which will be hiked to 112.5 mg/day after 2 weeks, and the patients will be continued on the same dose for a minimum period of 6 weeks.
Participants assigned to the wait-list group will be given usual diabetes outpatient service (diabetic medication guidance and appointment to see doctor as routine, without specific anti-depression therapy). After 6 months, they will receive web-based collaborative care for 6 months too.
Stop Seasonique if an arterial or deep venous thrombotic event occurs. Although the use of COCs increases the risk of venous thromboembolism, pregnancy increases the risk of venous thromboembolism as much or more than the use of COCs. The risk of venous thromboembolism in women using COCs is 3 to 9 per 10,000 woman-years. The excess risk is highest during the first year of use of a COC. Use of COCs also increases the risk of arterial thromboses such as strokes and myocardial infarctions, especially in women with other risk factors for these events. The risk of thromboembolic disease due to COCs gradually disappears after COC use is discontinued.

Use of Seasonique provides women with more hormonal exposure on a yearly basis than conventional monthly oral contraceptives containing the same strength synthetic estrogens and progestins (an additional 9 and 13 weeks of exposure to progestin and estrogen, respectively, per year).

If feasible, stop Seasonique at least 4 weeks before and through 2 weeks after major surgery or other surgeries known to have an elevated risk of thromboembolism. 

Start Seasonique no earlier than 4-6 weeks after delivery, in women who are not breastfeeding. The risk of postpartum thromboembolism decreases after the third postpartum week, whereas the risk of ovulation increases after the third postpartum week. 

COCs have been shown to increase both the relative and attributable risks of cerebrovascular events (thrombotic and hemorrhagic strokes), although, in general, the risk is greatest among older (>35 years of age), and hypertensive women who also smoke. COCs also increase the risk for stroke in women with other underlying risk factors.

Oral contraceptives must be used with caution in women with cardiovascular disease risk factors. 

Stop Seasonique if there is unexplained loss of vision, proptosis, diplopia, papilledema, or retinal vascular lesions. Evaluate for retinal vein thrombosis immediately.
A method is provided for testing a subject's cognitive performance by testing movements under the subject's voluntary control. The method includes prompting the subject to perform a plurality of iterations of a physical task. The physical task includes a movement of a first body part of the subject's body. For each iteration of the plurality of iterations of the physical task, one or more measurements corresponding to the movement of the first body part are obtained. A nominal path of the first body part is determined based on the measurements obtained from a first subset of the plurality of iterations of the physical task. A variability metric is generated by analyzing a plurality of measurements with respect to the nominal path. The variability metric is compared with a predetermined baseline to categorize the cognitive performance of the subject.
PURPOSE:The titled cosmetic, containing phosphate ester of a polyoxyalkylene hardened castor oil, capable of remaining on the hair even after washing away, and having good finish feeling, e.g. moistness and luster, and residual perfume effect. CONSTITUTION:A hair cosmetic containing preferably 0.1-10wt%, more preferably 0.3-7wt%, phosphate ester of a polyoxyalkylene hardened castor oil as an active constituent. As for another optional constituent, a surfactant, e.g. a benzenesulfonate salt, in an amount of usually 1-30wt% and a solvent, perfume, germicide, etc. are incorporated therein. The phosphate ester is synthesized by heating a polyoxyalkylene hardened castor oil of the formula (a, b and c are integers >=1, preferably a+b+c is 10-40; R is H or methyl) to 60 deg.C, adding phosphorus pentoxide thereto with stirring, and maturing the mixture at 60 deg.C for 3hr.
Malignancies, including non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), were observed in clinical trials of LITFULO [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

In a large, randomized, postmarketing safety study of another JAK inhibitor in RA patients, a higher rate of malignancies (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)) was observed in patients treated with the JAK inhibitor compared to those treated with TNF blockers. A higher rate of lymphomas was observed in patients treated with the JAK inhibitor compared to those treated with TNF blockers. A higher rate of lung cancers was observed in current or past smokers treated with the JAK inhibitor compared to those treated with TNF blockers. In this study, current or past smokers had an additional increased risk of overall malignancies.

The risks and benefits of ritlecitinib treatment should be considered prior to initiating or continuing therapy in patients with a known malignancy other than a successfully treated NMSC or cervical cancer. 

Periodic skin examination is recommended for patients who are at increased risk for skin cancer.
BREYNA 80 mcg/4.5 mcg and BREYNA 160 mcg/4.5 mcg each contain micronized budesonide and micronized formoterol fumarate dihydrate for oral inhalation only.

Each BREYNA 80 mcg/4.5 mcg and BREYNA 160 mcg/4.5 mcg canister is formulated as a hydrofluoroalkane (HFA 227; 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane)-propelled pressurized metered dose inhaler containing 120 actuations [see Dosage Forms and Strengths (3) and How Supplied/Storage and Handling (16)]. After priming, each actuation meters either 91/5.1 mcg or 181/5.1 mcg from the valve and delivers either 80/4.5 mcg, or 160/4.5 mcg (budesonide micronized/formoterol fumarate dihydrate micronized) from the actuator. The actual amount of drug delivered to the lung may depend on patient factors, such as the coordination between actuation of the device and inspiration through the delivery system. BREYNA also contains povidone K25 USP as a suspending agent and polyethylene glycol 1000 NF as a lubricant.

BREYNA should be primed before using for the first time by releasing two test sprays into the air away from the face, shaking well for 5 seconds before each spray. In cases where the inhaler has not been used for more than 7 days or when it has been dropped, prime the inhaler again by shaking well for 5 seconds before each spray and releasing two test sprays into the air away from the face.

One active component of BREYNA is budesonide, a corticosteroid designated chemically as (RS)‑11β, 16α, 17,21-Tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione cyclic 16,17-acetal with butyraldehyde. Budesonide is provided as a mixture of two epimers (22R and 22S). The empirical formula of budesonide is C25H34O6 and its molecular weight is 430.5. Its structural formula is:

Budesonide is a white to off-white, tasteless, odorless powder which is practically insoluble in water and in heptane, sparingly soluble in ethanol, and freely soluble in chloroform. Its partition coefficient between octanol and water at pH 7.4 is 1.6 x 103.

The other active component of BREYNA is formoterol fumarate dihydrate, a selective beta2-agonist designated chemically as (R*,R*)-(±)-N-[2-hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]formamide, (E)-2-butendioate(2:1), dihydrate. The empirical formula of formoterol is C42H56N4O14 and its molecular weight is 840.9. Its structural formula is:

Formoterol fumarate dihydrate is a powder which is slightly soluble in water. Its octanol-water partition coefficient at pH 7.4 is 2.6. The pKa of formoterol fumarate dihydrate at 25°C is 7.9 for the phenolic group and 9.2 for the amino group.
The present invention provides a health-care glutinous rice-malt beverage which is prepared from glutinous rice, malt, American ginseng, pilose asiabell root, longan pulp, angelica, membranous milkvetch root, prepared rhizome of rehmannia, liquoric root, theophylline, edible salt and water by weight parts. Malt and glutinous rice, which are used as main raw material, are cultivated, fermented and respectively extracted so as to obtain malt solution and glutinous rice solution, and then, the malt solution and the glutinous rice solution are boiled; American ginseng, pilose asiabell root, longan pulp, angelica, membranous milkvetch root, prepared rhizome of rehmannia and liquoric root are weighed by weight parts, are respectively put into containers, are boiled twice in water and are uniformly mixed with each other so as to respectively obtain extracting solution for reservation; then, the solution of the main raw material, the extracting solution of auxiliary raw material, theophylline and edible salt are blended uniformly according to proportions, water is added in a container, the obtained mixture is boiled for sterilization, and the present invention is obtained after vacuum packing. In the formula, the theoretical essence of traditional Chinese medicine of constitution consolidation and health improvement is exerted, so the formula has the advantages of scientific prescription and reasonable compatibility. The present invention has the functions of toxin expelling, bowel relaxation, intestine and stomach strengthening, beneficial bacterium enhancement for the intestine and the stomach, peristalsis promotion for the intestine and the stomach, and absorption function improvement for the intestine and the stomach. The beverage contains no additives and is a natural green health-care beverage which integrates dietotherapy and dietetic invigoration. With the advantages of delicate fragrance, delectable flavour and no stimulation, the beverage is suitable for various.
The 1 individual session will consist of a 60 min 1-on-1 education/exercise session with an athletic trainer. Information will be an abbreviated version of the 8-session school and fill focus on the strengthening, stretching, pain control and movement re-education most needed for the individual.
In both a U.S. and an international multicenter, double-blind trials in patients with endoscopically confirmed active gastric ulcer (GU), orally administered famotidine 40 mg at bedtime was compared to placebo. Antacids were permitted during the trials, but consumption was not significantly different between the famotidine and placebo groups. 

As shown in Table 5, the incidence of GU healing confirmed by endoscopy (dropouts counted as unhealed) with famotidine was greater than placebo at Weeks 6 and 8 in the U.S. trial, and at Weeks 4, 6 and 8 in the international trial.

In these trials, most famotidine-treated patients healed within 6 weeks. Trials have not assessed the safety of famotidine in uncomplicated active GU for periods of more than 8 weeks. 

Time to complete relief of daytime and nighttime pain was statistically significantly shorter for patients receiving famotidine than for patients receiving placebo; however, neither trial demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients whose pain was relieved by the end of the trial (Week 8).
The aim is for participants to complete three weekly sessions of supervised aerobic treadmill based exercise for five months. Session duration varies from 20-60 minutes, with exercise intensity ranging from 55-95% of peak heart rate. Maximal exercise capacity (VO2peak and peak heart rate), will be determined by the CPET performed by certified exercise physiologists at baseline.
Subjects will receive one PET/CT examination, with 11C-sarcosine. This scan will take approximately 90 minutes.
Participants in the "waitlist-control" condition will be asked to come into the laboratory twice. At Time 1 (T1), participants in this condition will complete an initial set of questionnaires. For the following two weeks, they will be asked to complete multiple daily momentary assessments daily. After two weeks, participants will return to the laboratory to complete a final battery of questionnaires, watch a voice-guided PowerPoint on MAB strategies for coping with discrimination, and complete a qualitative exit-interview.
BACKGROUND: Most acute cerebral infarctions (ACI) may develop vascular dementia (VD), which involves almost all types of cognitive impairment. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective treatment for VD. Most patients exhibit mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before the development of VD. N-butyl-phthalide (NBP) is used to treat ACI and improve cognitive function. The oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) model of neurons is an in vitro model of ischemia, hypoxia, and cognitive dysfunction.
METHODS: We conducted clinical studies and in vitro experiments to investigate the clinical efficacy and mechanism of action of NBP for treating ACI-induced MCI. Patients with ACI-induced MCI were randomly divided into control (Ctrl) and NBP groups. We assessed various indicators, such as clinical efficacy, montreal cognitive assessment scale (MOCA), activities of daily living (ADL), and cerebral infarct size in both groups before and after treatment. We observed the morphology of neurons and detected the survival rate, action potentials (APs), expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the interaction between TLR4 and HMGB1.
RESULTS: The MOCA and ADL scores increased significantly after treatment in the NBP group. A OGD model of neurons was established, and the neurons were divided into Ctrl and NBP groups. We observed that the survival rate and APs amplitude of the neurons were significantly increased in the NBP group, whereas TNF-α expression was decreased. Furthermore, the interaction between TLR4 and HMGB1 decreased in the NBP group.
CONCLUSION: NBP plays a neuroprotective role by inhibiting the TLR4/HMGB1 pathway and ameliorating ACI-induced MCI.
BACKGROUND: The triple burden of disease, i.e. communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases and injuries, has significantly affected the healthcare system of Pakistan during the last three decades. Therefore, this study aims to determine and analyse the 30-year disease burden trends through prevalence, death rates and percentages.
METHODS: The data for the last three decades, i.e. 1990 to 2019, was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease for Pakistan. Percentage change in prevalence and deaths over 30 years was calculated. Poisson regression analysis was performed to evaluate the triple disease burden trends and the incidence rate ratio.
RESULTS: A relative decrease of 23.4% was noted in the prevalence rate of communicable diseases except for human immunodeficiency virus and dengue fever. A relative increase of 1.4% was noted in the prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases. A relative increase of 56.1% was recorded in the prevalence rate of injuries. The prevalence rate ratios of communicable diseases significantly decreased to 0.9796 [95% CI: 0.9887-0.9905], but the prevalence rate of injury increased to 1.0094 [95% CI: 1.0073-1.01145], respectively.
CONCLUSION: Pakistan must take the next steps and develop strategies to decrease this burden and mortality rates in the population to create better outcomes and therefore help the healthcare system overall.
Patients receive paclitaxel poliglumex IV over 10 minutes followed by carboplatin IV over 30 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Clinically significant cases of liver injury have been reported in patients treated with dimethyl fumarate (the prodrug of BAFIERTAM) in the postmarketing setting. The onset has ranged from a few days to several months after initiation of treatment with dimethyl fumarate. Signs and symptoms of liver injury, including elevation of serum aminotransferases to greater than 5-fold the upper limit of normal and elevation of total bilirubin to greater than 2-fold the upper limit of normal have been observed. These abnormalities resolved upon treatment discontinuation. Some cases required hospitalization. None of the reported cases resulted in liver failure, liver transplant, or death. However, the combination of new serum aminotransferase elevations with increased levels of bilirubin caused by drug-induced hepatocellular injury is an important predictor of serious liver injury that may lead to acute liver failure, liver transplant, or death in some patients. 

Elevations of hepatic transaminases (most no greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal) were observed during controlled trials with dimethyl fumarate [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. 

Obtain serum aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin levels prior to treatment with BAFIERTAM and during treatment, as clinically indicated. Discontinue BAFIERTAM if clinically significant liver injury induced by BAFIERTAM is suspected.
The invention discloses traditional Chinese medicine gel used for treating qi stagnation and blood stasis type bedsore in clinical nursing. The gel comprises 1-10 parts of clear paste, 1-10 parts of chitosan, 3-15 parts of propylene glycol, 2-8 parts of azone, 1-5 parts of triethanolamine, 20-50 parts of ethyl alcohol and 80-200 parts of water. The clear paste comprises folium callicarpae pedunculalae leaves, lithospermum, red peony roots, folium ilicis purpurea, melastoma dodecandrum, coptidis rhizome, caulis sargentodoxae, herba pimpinellae and shinyleaf pricklyash roots. The gel has the functions of promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, clearing away heat and toxic materials, regulating qi-flowing for activating stagnancy, cooling blood and clearing away heat and dispersing blood stasis and promoting tissue regeneration. The gel regulates qi and blood according to main pathological links of the qi stagnation and blood stasis type bedsore, and finally achieves the aims of promoting tissue regeneration and gaining flesh. Meanwhile, the gel is uniform and fine, is easy to coat after being expanded, long in residence time, stable in release and good in stability, and the skin is not tightened.
Patients with unruptured aneurysms received dual antiplatelet agents (100 mg of aspirin and 75 mg of clopidogrel) for at least five days before embolization. One day prior to coil embolization, P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) were measured using VerifyNow. Patients with clopidogrel resistance (greater than 220 PRU) received cilostazol 200mg. After that, triple-antiplatelet (aspirin 100mg, clopidogrel 75mg, and cilostazol 200mg) treatment continued for 3 months through study completion.
In the normal protein diet, participants will be instructed to follow a diet that will provide them with the amount of calories enough to meet their energy needs without changing their body weight and will contain 1 g of protein per kilogram of body weight. Participants will be instructed to consume protein primarily from animal food sources. A high quality whey protein supplement will be provided as needed.
Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is extremely toxic to both humans and animals. It could be absorbed via ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Exposure to HgCl2 can cause severe health effects, including damages to the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and central nervous systems. The purpose of this work was to explore if carvacrol (CRV) could protect rats lungs from damage caused by HgCl2. Intraperitoneal injections of HgCl2 at a dose of 1.23 mg/kg body weight were given either alone or in conjunction with oral CRV administration at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight for 7 days. The study included biochemical and histological techniques to examine the lung tissue's oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy processes. HgCl2-induced reductions in GSH levels and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) activity were enhanced by CRV co-administration. Furthermore, MDA levels were lowered by CRV. The inflammatory mediators NF-κB, IκB, NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL6, COX-2, and iNOS were all reduced by CRV. When exposed to HgCl2, the levels of apoptotic Bax, caspase-3, Apaf1, p53, caspase-6, and caspase-9 increased, but the levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 reduced after CRV treatment. CRV decreased levels of Beclin-1, LC3A, and LC3B, which in turn decreased HgCl2-induced autophagy damage. After HgCl2 treatment, higher pathological damage was observed in terms of alveolar septal thickening, congestion, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration compared to the control group while CRV ameliorated these effects. Consequently, by preventing HgCl2-induced increases in oxidative stress and the corresponding inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and disturbance of tissue integrity in lung tissues, CRV might be seen as a useful therapeutic alternative.
PURPOSE: Breast cancer is a common malignancy in women, and its metastasis is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can distinguish the molecular characteristics of metastasis and identify predictor genes for patient prognosis. This article explores gene expression in primary breast cancer tumor tissue against metastatic cells in the lymph node and liver using scRNA-seq.
METHODS: Breast cancer scRNA-seq data from the Gene Expression Omnibus were used. The data were processed using R and the Seurat package. The cells were clustered and identified using Metascape. InferCNV is used to analyze the variation in copy number. Differential expression analysis was conducted for the cancer cells using Seurat and was enriched using Metascape.
RESULTS: We identified 18 distinct cell clusters, 6 of which were epithelial. CNV analysis identified significant alterations with duplication of chromosomes 1, 8, and 19. Differential gene analysis resulted in 17 upregulated and 171 downregulated genes for the primary tumor in the primary tumor vs. liver metastasis comparison and 43 upregulated and 4 downregulated genes in the primary tumor in the primary tumor vs lymph node metastasis comparison. Several enriched terms include Ribosome biogenesis, NTP synthesis, Epithelial dedifferentiation, Autophagy, and genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions.
CONCLUSION: No single gene or pathway can clearly explain the mechanisms behind tumor metastasis. Several mechanisms contribute to lymph node and liver metastasis, such as the loss of differentiation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and autophagy. These findings necessitate further study of metastatic tissue for effective drug development.