anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Tolcapone (TASMAR) increases plasma levels of levodopa in patients taking concomitant carbidopa levodopa products (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Patients taking carbidopa levodopa products alone or with other dopaminergic medications have reported suddenly falling asleep without prior warning of sleepiness while engaged in activities of daily living (includes the operation of motor vehicles). Some of these episodes resulted in automobile accidents. Although many of these patients reported somnolence while on TASMAR, some did perceive that they had no warning signs, such as excessive drowsiness, and believed that they were alert immediately prior to the event. Some patients reported these events one year after the initiation of treatment.

The risk for somnolence was increased with TASMAR treatment (TASMAR 100 mg-18%, 200 mg-14%, vs placebo-13%) compared to placebo treatment. In clinical trials, discontinuation due to somnolence occurred in 1% of patients treated with 200 mg TASMAR and 0% of patients treated with 100 mg TASMAR or placebo. Falling asleep while engaged in activities of daily living usually occurs in patients experiencing pre-existing somnolence, although some patients may not give such a history. For this reason, prescribers should continually reassess patients for drowsiness or sleepiness especially since some of the events occur well after the start of treatment. Prescribers should be aware that patients may not acknowledge drowsiness or sleepiness until directly questioned about drowsiness or sleepiness during specific activities. Patients who have already experienced somnolence or an episode of sudden sleep onset should not participate in these activities during treatment with TASMAR. 

Before initiating treatment with TASMAR, advise patients about the potential to develop drowsiness and ask specifically about factors that may increase the risk for somnolence with TASMAR such as the use of concomitant sedating medications and the presence of sleep disorders. Consider discontinuing TASMAR in patients who report significant daytime sleepiness or episodes of falling asleep during activities that require active participation (e.g., conversations, eating, etc.). If treatment with TASMAR continues, patients should be advised not to drive and to avoid other potentially dangerous activities that might result in harm if patients become somnolent. There is insufficient information to establish that dose reduction will eliminate episodes of falling asleep while engaged in activities of daily living.
eeth whitening with white nail-polish-like liquid synthetic resins. It is the first time a white liquid nail-polish-like form of synthetic resins is used for teeth whitening. Currently available synthetic resin forms are viscous liquid transparent materials and come in many colour tones. Thus, what is needed is a liquid resin blend in multiple colour tones. With the use of this material in teeth whitening procedures, all tonalities of white may be achieved and long-lasting results are guaranteed. This product has not yet been used commercially and for the described method. The method followed for the application of this innovative way for teeth whitening is generally described as follows. At first scaling of the teeth is performed. Transparent insulating tape is applied on the tooth. The enamel matter is neutralised with H3PO4. The tooth is then washed with water so that all surfaces become whitish. The required intermediate adhesive factors are applied, the surfaces are dried, photo-polymerisation is performed per quadrant and finally, the white nail-polish-like liquid resin is spread. If needed a second or even third repetition of the method may be performed, in order to achieve an absolutely uniform coloration.
Spontaneous protein crystallization is a rare event, yet protein crystals are frequently found in eosinophil-rich inflammation. In humans, Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) are made from galectin-10 (Gal10) protein, an abundant protein in eosinophils. Although mice do not encode Gal10 in their genome, they do form pseudo-CLCs, made from the chitinase-like proteins Ym1 and/or Ym2, encoded by Chil3 and Chil4 and made by myeloid and epithelial cells respectively. Here, we investigated the biological effects of pseudo-CLCs since their function is currently unknown. We produced recombinant Ym1 crystals which were shown to have identical crystal packing and structure by X-ray crystallography as in vivo native crystals derived from murine lung. When administered to the airways of mice, crystalline but not soluble Ym1 stimulated innate and adaptive immunity and acted as a type 2 immune adjuvant for eosinophilic inflammation via triggering of dendritic cells (DCs). Murine Ym1 protein crystals found at sites of eosinophilic inflammation reinforce type 2 immunity and could serve as a surrogate model for studying the biology of human CLCs.
Co-administration of anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, thrombolytics and SSRIs or SNRIs may increase the risk of bleeding. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss if patients are treated concomitantly with anticoagulants, aspirin, other platelet aggregation inhibitors, and/or NSAIDs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

Long-term concomitant treatment with SAVAYSA and other anticoagulants is not recommended because of increased risk of bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. Short term co-administration may be needed for patients transitioning to or from SAVAYSA [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)]. 

In clinical studies with SAVAYSA concomitant use of aspirin (low dose ≤ 100 mg/day) or thienopyridines, and NSAIDs was permitted and resulted in increased rates of Clinically Relevant Bleeding. Carefully monitor for bleeding in patients who require chronic treatment with low dose aspirin and/or NSAIDs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

As with other anticoagulants the possibility may exist that patients are at an increased risk of bleeding in case of concomitant use with SSRIs or SNRIs due to their reported effect on platelets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
The control group will not participate in any intervention for the duration of the study. In addition, the participants will be instructed to follow their usual daily schedule for 6 months. Changes in health, medication, or habits will be discussed by the investigators' team and reassess the continuation or the termination of the investigated participant.
BACKGROUND: Selective water uptake by neurons and glial cells and subsequent brain tissue oedema are key pathophysiological processes of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after cardiac arrest (CA). Although brain computed tomography (CT) is widely used to assess the severity of HIE, changes of brain radiodensity over time have not been investigated. These could be used to quantify regional brain net water uptake (NWU), a potential prognostic biomarker.
METHODS: We conducted an observational prognostic accuracy study including a derivation (single center cardiac arrest registry) and a validation (international multicenter TTM2 trial) cohort. Early (<6 h) and follow-up (>24 h) head CTs of CA patients were used to determine regional NWU for grey and white matter regions after co-registration with a brain atlas. Neurological outcome was dichotomized as good versus poor using the Cerebral Performance Category Scale (CPC) in the derivation cohort and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) in the validation cohort.
RESULTS: We included 115 patients (81 derivation, 34 validation) with out-of-hospital (OHCA) and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). Regional brain water content remained unchanged in patients with good outcome. In patients with poor neurological outcome, we found considerable regional water uptake with the strongest effect in the basal ganglia. NWU >8% in the putamen and caudate nucleus predicted poor outcome with 100% specificity (95%-CI: 86-100%) and 43% (moderate) sensitivity (95%-CI: 31-56%).
CONCLUSION: This pilot study indicates that NWU derived from serial head CTs is a promising novel biomarker for outcome prediction after CA. NWU >8% in basal ganglia grey matter regions predicted poor outcome while absence of NWU indicated good outcome. NWU and follow-up CTs should be investigated in larger, prospective trials with standardized CT acquisition protocols.
A 1- to 2-week screening period will be used to establish the presence and persistence of trial entry criteria and train patients in the mode of data collection. The screening period will also be used to select patients with specified levels of severity of signs and symptoms. During screening visit patients will undergo physical examination. Severity of IBS will be determined using the Francis, Morris and Whorwell's IBS severity scale (IBS-SSS): Mild \<175, Moderate 175-300, Severe \>300. Number and type of stools will be measured in all patients using Bristol stool scale. All eligible patients who sign informed consent form will be randomized within 2 weeks to receive either probiotic product or placebo and will complete Quality of Life assessment measured using IBS-QOL questionnaire. They will also be instructed to restrain from consuming foods and dietary supplements containing probiotics according to the clinical study requirements. After receiving probiotic product/placebo, telephone interviewers will call patients 3 times per week, and they will collect the following information by the phone: type of stools (according to Bristol Stool Score), number of bowel movements per day and IBS symptoms measured in 5-point scale (abdominal pain, flatulence, feeling of incomplete evacuation). In addition, telephone interviewers will collect information regarding adverse effects and using new drugs during the study. Patients will report to the doctor 2 times during study every 4 weeks during 8 week lasting intervention to receive new dose of probiotic product/placebo and to be assessed by the doctor using IBS-SSS, IBS-GIS and IBS-AR questionnaires, They will also complete Quality of Life questionnaire.
Muscle tissue engineering is a promising therapeutic strategy for volumetric muscle loss (VML). Among them, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) biological scaffolds have shown certain effects in restoring muscle function. However, researchers have inconsistent or even contradictory results on whether dECM biological scaffolds can efficiently regenerate muscle fibers and restore muscle function. This suggests that therapeutic strategies based on dECM biological scaffolds need to be further optimized and developed. In this study, we used a recellularization method of perfusing adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and L6 into adipose dECM (adECM) through vascular pedicles. On one hand, this strategy ensures sufficient quantity and uniform distribution of seeded cells inside scaffold. On the other hand, auxiliary L6 cells addresses the issue of low myogenic differentiation efficiency of ASCs. Subsequently, the treatment of VML animal experiments showed that the combined recellularization strategy can improve muscle regeneration and angiogenesis than the single ASCs recellularization strategy, and the TA of former had greater muscle contraction strength. Further single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) analysis found that L6 cells induced ASCs transform into a new subpopulation of cells highly expressing Mki67, CD34 and CDK1 genes, which had stronger ability of oriented myogenic differentiation. This study demonstrates that co-seeding ASCs and L6 cells through vascular pedicles is a promising recellularization strategy for adECM biological scaffolds, and the engineered muscle tissue constructed based on this has significant therapeutic effects on VML. Overall, this study provides a new paradigm for optimizing and developing dECM-based therapeutic strategies.
The present disclosure provides multifunctional cytoprotective materials applied to coat living cells or aggregates of cells such as, but not limited to, pancreatic islets. The coating utilizes hydrogen-bonded interactions of a natural polyphenol (tannic acid) with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) deposited on the cell aggregate surface via non-ionic layer-by-layer assembly. The coating is conformal over the surface of such as mammalian islets. The coated islets maintain their viability and cell functionality for at least 96 hours in vitro. The coating demonstrates immunomodulatory cytoprotective properties suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis in stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages and diabetogenic BDC-2.5 T cells. The coating material combines high chemical stability under physiologically relevant conditions with capability of suppressing cytokine synthesis, crucial parameters for prolonged islet integrity, viability, and function in vivo.
Considerable blood loss typically accompanies surgical procedures to remove malignant tumors. Blood transfusions, the best method of compensating for blood loss during surgery, have associated medical risks including infection transmission and allergic reaction, in addition to using significant amounts of red blood cells, which are often in short supply. Options exist to manage blood loss before surgery, including a procedure where a patient's own blood is stored in advance to be given if needed during surgery, and drug intervention, where a drug is given before surgery to help increase red blood cell production, thereby maintaining hemoglobin and oxygen levels in the body during surgery. This is a multi-center observational study to collect information regarding the methods used to manage blood loss in patients undergoing surgical removal of malignant tumors in the Netherlands. Information will be collected by study center and by patient over the course of approximately 18 months. For study center information, each observation period will last 2 months and there will be at least a 2-month interval between each observation period. For patient information there is one continuous observation period. General information regarding the frequency of use of different blood-saving techniques for the various types of operations performed will be collected from each of the centers participating in the study. Data obtained at the onset of the study will be compared to follow-up data gathered throughout the additional reporting periods and trends or changes in frequency of use of blood-saving techniques will be noted. The following information will be collected: medical history, tumor stage, type/site of operation, anticipated vs. actual blood loss during surgery, most recent hemoglobin and hematocrit values prior to the operation, blood-saving techniques used and the number of units and types of blood transfusions up to 24 hours after the operation. Information will be obtained from patients' medical records. No medication will be supplied by the study Sponsor and no specific procedures will be required for the study. Each patient's surgeon and anesthesiologist will be responsible for all decisions regarding his/her care and treatment during the operation. Information may be collected a maximum of one time from each patient during this study and there will be no follow-up information collected from individual patients. Since the study involves only the collection of information, no treatment will be required by the Sponsor and no medication will be supplied by the Sponsor.
PURPOSE:To obtain a cosmetic excellent in touch by stirring and mixing powders having a specific particle diameter with organosilicones having a specified viscosity, then heat-treating the resultant mixture in two stages and including the prepared modified powder excellent in water repellency and dispersibility with hardly any secondary aggregation in the cosmetic. CONSTITUTION:A cosmetic is obtained by stirring and mixing powders, (e.g. titanium oxide) having 0.1mum to 2mm particle diameter with polymerizable organosilicones, (e.g. an olefin-modified silicone) having 1-400cst viscosity at 25 deg.C, then carrying out primary heat treatment at 70-130 deg.C for 0.5-4hr, further performing secondary heat treatment at 110-200 deg.C which is higher than the temp. in the primary heat treatment for 1-12hr, providing a modified powder and including the resultant powder in the cosmetic. The modified powder with rare secondary aggregation can be obtained by using the organosilicones having the low viscosity, sufficiently performing pulverization before the heat treatment without using a solvent and carrying out two-stage heat treatment according to the above-mentioned method.
BACKGROUND: Early recognition of cardiac dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may prevent future cardiac impairment and improve prognosis. Quantitative assessment of subsegmental and segmental vessel volume by Computed Tomographic (CT) imaging can provide a surrogate of pulmonary vascular remodeling. We aimed to examine the relationship between lung segmental- and subsegmental vessel volume, and echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function in patients with COPD.
METHODS: We studied 205 participants with COPD, included in a large cohort study of cardiovascular disease in COPD patients. Participants had an available CT scan and echocardiogram. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms calculated the subsegmental vessel fraction as the vascular volume in vessels below 10 mm2 in cross-sectional area, indexed to total intrapulmonary vessel volume. Linear regressions were conducted, and standardized ß-coefficients were calculated. Scatterplots were created to visualize the continuous correlations between the vessel fractions and echocardiographic parameters.
RESULTS: We found that lower subsegmental vessel fraction and higher segmental vessel volume were correlated with higher left ventricular (LV) mass, LV diastolic dysfunction, and inferior vena cava (IVC) dilatation. Subsegmental vessel fraction was correlated with right ventricular (RV) remodeling, while segmental vessel fraction was correlated with higher pulmonary pressure. Measures of LV mass and right atrial pressure displayed the strongest correlations with pulmonary vasculature measures.
CONCLUSION: Pulmonary vascular remodeling in patients with COPD, may negatively affect cardiac structure and function. AI-identified remodeling in pulmonary vasculature may provide a tool for early identification of COPD patients at higher risk for cardiac impairment.
NOVEL PRECIPITATED SILICEOUS PRODUCTS AND METHODS FOR THEIR USE AND        PRODUCTION                      ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE       A method for producing  a precipitated silicon dioxide is disclosed.  The pigments are produced by acidulating a solution of an alkali metal silicate with an acid under controlled precipitation conditions.  The aqueous reaction medium comprising the precipitated silica is then post conditioned by introducing a second silicate solution into the reaction vessel and thereafter adding additional acid to react with the said second silicate solution.  A product is obtained which has a unique combination of physical and chemical properties including reduced wet cake moisture content, high surface areas and oil adsorptions, improved surface activity, friability, and wetting characteristics.  The product has utility as a rubber reinforcing agent because of its increased surface activity and oil absorption.  The product may be used in paints, paper, detergents, dentifrice compositions, molecular sieves, and polymeric compositions. In one particularly advantageous embodiment, an adduct material, such as aluminum, is added to control the refactive index and surface area of the product.
After the introduction and information is given, the lens and pupil distances of the virtual reality glasses will be adjusted according to each student and the students will be provided to wear them. The application will be made one-on-one with each student. The application will be carried out sitting in the laboratory. While the students are inside the application, the interface will be introduced through the images projected to the computer simultaneously. Cervical dilatation and effacement application will be watched using virtual glasses. Then, the students will be asked to use their hands to touch the perineum of the woman and make the image transparent, and it will be ensured that they watch the cervix structures again. Each student will use the virtual glasses for an average of 20-25 minutes.
A new process and design, applicable to essentially all patients with onychomycosis, that represents a major ‘low-tech’ breakthrough in curing fungal nail infections that are a major source of irritation, morbidity, expense and mortality. The process begins with removal of the overlying infected nail (hands or feet). This achieves a primary ‘debulking’ of the infection, and subsequently allows access to the underlying common infection of the nail plate/bed and vascular supply. Removal can be done painlessly, inexpensively and safely in one of two manners, as detailed in the ‘SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION.’Following removal of the overlying infected nail, the underlying nail bed is systematically treated for 4 to 7 days to eliminate remaining fungal and bacterial infection. The nail bed, once or twice daily, is first soaked in a warm hypertonic solution of Epsom salts, sea salts and vinegar for 1 to 5 minutes. The nail bed is then dried vigorously and a mixture of antibacterial and antifungal cream or spray is then applied. This area is then covered until the subsequent treatment cycle of soaking, drying and antibiotic application is repeated.
Participants will be shown a paced breathing programme and instructed to implement this for 10 minutes twice daily for 4 weeks. During the 10 minute breathing exercises, the participant will need to wear the Polar H10 chest strap and can remove this when finished. The breathing will ideally be a breathing pattern of a 4 second nasal inhale, and 6 second nasal exhale using the 'resonance' programme in the 'biofeedback' section of EliteHRV app. Researchers will monitor the participant's comfort and ease during this breathing demonstration, if participants find this breathing rate too slow then it can be tailored to ensure a tolerable slow breathing rate with minimal impact on symptoms - most likely by reducing both inhale and exhale in 1 second increments until a more tolerable breathing rate and pattern is found. They will be advised to monitor the graph of HRV on EliteHRV which allows real-time assessment of HRV and to aim to breathe in and out deeply to raise the HRV graph reading as much as possible each time. Participant Information Sheet provides more clarification and instruction on this. They will be advised to perform the breathing programme lying down with minimal distractions on waking in the morning and just before bed in the evening, preferably in the same location each time. During this 4 week period researchers will make weekly contact by phone to check progress and help resolve any queries. The participant will also have contact details of the researchers in case of any technical issues with Polar H10 chest strap or app during the 4 week study period.
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a highly prevalent condition with significant associated comorbidities. Current management guidelines suggest the utilization of anticholinergic medication as a second line after nonpharmacological treatment. Tibial nerve stimulation (TNS), which has previously been thought to have been expensive and inaccessible, was relegated to a third-line therapy. However, given the recently discovered association between anticholinergic medication use and dementia as well as the recent FDA approval of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS), there may be a need to revisit management guidelines. In this commentary, we identify the two types of TNS, percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) and TTNS and compare them with anticholinergics. By considering their respective efficacies, side-effects profiles, and associated costs, we make the case in this commentary for an update to guidelines that includes TNS as second-line OAB management ahead of anticholinergic medication.