anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: Preoperative carbohydrate intake is essential to enhance postoperative recovery. However, its safety for individuals with obesity remains unclear. This study investigated the safety of preoperative carbohydrate consumption compared to water intake in obese populations through gastric volume assessment.
METHODS: A prospective randomized crossover study enrolled 30 healthy volunteers aged 18-65 years with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, following a minimum 6-h fast. The participants received either 400 ml of a carbohydrate drink (group C) or water (group W). Gastric ultrasonography, blood glucose level, hunger, and thirst assessments were conducted at baseline (T) and various time points (T2 to T6). The protocol was repeated with reverse interventions at least 1 week later.
RESULTS: Group C had significantly higher gastric volume at T3, T4, and T5 compared to group W, with a prolonged time to empty the gastric antrum (94.4 ± 28.5 vs. 61.0 ± 33.5 min, 95% CI 33.41 [17.06,24.69]). However, glucose levels, degrees of hunger, and thirst showed no significant differences between the groups.
CONCLUSION: Administering 400 ml of preoperative carbohydrates to healthy obese individuals 2 h preoperatively is safe and comparable to water intake. These findings support the integration of carbohydrate loading into perioperative care for obese individuals, consistent with the enhanced recovery after surgery protocols. Further research is warranted to refine preoperative fasting protocols and improve surgical outcomes in this population.
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of ustekinumab and vedolizumab for treating complex perianal fistula in Crohn's disease has been barely studied. We aimed to assess treatment persistence, clinical remission, and safety of these drugs in this context.
METHODS: Crohn's disease patients who had received ustekinumab or vedolizumab for the indication of active complex perianal fistula, were included. Clinical remission was defined according to Fistula Drainage Assessment Index (no drainage through the fistula upon gentle pressure) based on physicians' assessment.
RESULTS: Of 155 patients, 136 received ustekinumab, and 35 vedolizumab (16 received both). Median follow-up for ustekinumab was 27 months. Among those on ustekinumab, 54 % achieved remission, and within this group, 27 % relapsed during follow-up. The incidence rate of relapse was 11 % per patient-year. Multivariate analysis found no variables associated with treatment discontinuation or relapse. Median follow-up time for patients receiving vedolizumab was 19 months. Remission was achieved in 46 % of the patients receiving vedolizumab, and among them, 20 % relapsed during follow-up. The incidence rate of relapse was 7 % per patient-year. Adverse events were mild in 6 % on ustekinumab and 8 % on vedolizumab.
CONCLUSION: Ustekinumab and vedolizumab appear effective, achieving remission in around half of complex perianal fistula patients, with favorable safety profiles.
The carcinogenicity of beclomethasone dipropionate was evaluated in rats that were exposed for a total of 95 weeks, 13 weeks at inhalation doses up to 0.4 mg/kg and the remaining 82 weeks at combined oral and inhalation doses up to 2.4 mg/kg. There was no evidence of carcinogenicity in this study at the highest dose, approximately 60 times the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis or approximately 35 times the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in children on a mg/m2 basis.

Beclomethasone dipropionate did not induce gene mutation in bacterial cells or mammalian Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in vitro. No significant clastogenic effect was seen in cultured CHO cells in vitro or in the mouse micronucleus test in vivo.

In rats, beclomethasone dipropionate caused decreased conception rates at an oral dose of 16 mg/kg (approximately 390 times the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis). There was no significant effect of beclomethasone dipropionate on fertility in rats at oral doses of 1.6 mg/kg (approximately 40 times the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis). Inhibition of the estrous cycle in dogs was observed following oral dosing at 0.5 mg/kg (approximately 40 times the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis). No inhibition of the estrous cycle in dogs was seen following 12 months’ exposure at an estimated inhalation dose of 0.33 mg/kg (approximately 25 times the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis).
1,128,922. Pharmaceutical preparations. CHUGAI SEIYAKU K.K. 12 Oct., 1965 [14 Oct., 1964], No. 43229/65. Heading A5B. A pharmaceutical preparation for use with X-ray contrast media comprises an effervescent ingredient and a defoaming agent, the former comprising a solid acid or acid salt having at least one acidic hydrogen atom and a carbonate or bicarbonate of a kind which will react with the solid acid or acid salt in an aqueous medium to form carbon dioxide. The acid ingredient may be fumaric, succinic, citric, tartaric, ascorbic or adipic acid, or salts thereof, or an acidic phosphate and the carbonate or bicarbonate may be Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , KHCO 3 , CaCO 3  or MgCO 3 . The defoaming agent may be a silicone e.g. dimethyl polysiloxane, a C 8-18  aliphatic acid, a C 8-18  aliphatic alcohol, a fatty acid ester of a sorbitan, or a polyoxyethylenepolyoxypropylene condensation product. The preparation may contain conventional carriers on which the defoaming agent may be absorbed. The preparation may be administered in the form of tablets or granules together with BaSO 4  contrast media.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare a sheet-shaped pack material, effective both for the adjustment of water content and the improvement of drying speed at the same time by forming fine pours on the surface of a peel off-type sheet-shaped pack material. SOLUTION: This peel off-type sheet-shaped pack material has fine pours having diameter preferably in a range of 0.05-1mm on the surface. For forming the fine pores, e.g. a method, by which a sheet-shaped pack material is prepared, and subsequently deep holes are formed on the entire part of the sheet-shaped pack material using a brush-like roller of stainless wires, etc., is cited. The density of the fine pours is preferably 1-200 holes par lcm<2> , and for effectively removing water it is preferable that the fine pores are formed on both the surface closely adhering to the skin and the surface of the opposite side. Further, the fine pores preferably reach up to two thirds or more of the thickness. Thus obtained pack material is good for increasing drying speed, excellent in the activity for removing sebum and aged keratin, and capable of giving excellent feeling in use.
Oral ivermectin dosage guidelines based on participant body weight, once on day for 2 consecutive days. This dose schedule should be repeated every 14 days for 45 days associated with 20 milligrams twice on day of active zinc.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in either gender.
STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: OPD complex, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from February to August 2021.
METHODOLOGY: The study included a total of 90 patients who met the specified criteria for enrolment. Each group (case and control) contains 45 patients. Diagnosis of androgenetic 2 alopecia was done clinically and grading was based on the Norwood-Hamilton classification in males and Ludwig classification in females. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and blood pressure was measured for all enrolled patients. Following an overnight fasting period, blood samples were collected from each patient to measure clinical parameters including triglycerides (TGs), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels.
RESULTS: There were 85.6% males and 4.4% females with a mean age of 43.38 years. Out of which, 34.4% and 15.6% of patients fell in severity 1 and severity 2 Class. Patients were stratified on the basis of AGA with respect to TGs, FBS, HDL, and BMI. The p-value was significant when stratified on the basis of BMI, FBS, and HDL except TGs. Odd ratio of both groups on the basis of (MetS) 8.1. Odd ratio between androgenic alopecia and metabolic syndrome was of 2.4.
CONCLUSION: An association existed between androgenetic alopecia and metabolic syndrome indicating the potential benefit of early MetS screening for individuals with androgenic alopecia. This proactive approach could help prevent unforeseen complications through timely lifestyle adjustments.
KEY WORDS: Metabolic syndrome, Androgenic alopecia, Cholesterol, Triglycerides.
Patients will be treated with the immunotherapy combination for up to 4 months. After a minimum 28 day washout, they will undergo locoregional therapy per institutional standards. Eventually, after a minimum 72-day washout from the end of immunotherapy, they will undergo liver transplant.
Disclosed is a compound, a medicament, and a pharmaceutical composition for treating inflammation induced autoimmune skin diseases, for example psoriasis. The compound is Nib1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solvate thereof, a solvate of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a crystal form thereof. The compound Nib1 has a chemical formula of C<sub>28</sub>H<sub>29</sub>F<sub>2</sub>N<sub>3</sub>O. It represents a new treatment mechanism and can effectively treat inflammation induced autoimmune skin diseases, for example, non-specific dermatitis such as psoriasis, with less side effects and convenient route of administration, achieving a balance between safety and effectiveness. The compounds can be used for a long time and improve the quality of life of patients. The compounds, medicament, and pharmaceutical compositions can significantly improve clinical symptoms of inflammation induced autoimmune skin diseases, such as non-specific dermatitis such as psoriasis, such as skin rash, skin peeling, skin thickening, and epidermal hyperplasia, improve blood vessel dilation, reduce immune cell infiltration, and etc.
The subjects received 1 tablet of niclosamide 1000 mg orally in divided doses twice a day. After meals in the morning and evening for a total of 14 days. Co-administration with bromhexine 8 mg, 1 tablet twice taken after meals and taken at least 8 hours apart, for 10 days.
Regional block of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric (IIIH) nerves has been applied to provide postoperative analgesia after inguinal hernia repair. Magnesium sulfate (MgSo4) blocks N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, and that is why, it was used as an adjuvant to the local anesthetic (LA) in different anesthetic approaches. Although the prolongation in postoperative duration resulting from the addition of MgSO4 to LA was significant in some literature studies, it was insignificant in others. This study was designed to investigate the adjunctive effect of MgSo4 when added to bupivacaine for IIIH blockade on the postoperative analgesic duration as a primary outcome and on the verbal rating scale (VRS) scores, analgesic consumption, and hemodynamics as secondary outcomes. Patients were divided into two groups of 45 patients each by means of coded envelopes according to the LA used for IIIH blockade. In the first group (control group), patients received 10 ml 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine plus 1 ml normal saline for IIIH blockade, whereas in the second group (MgSo4 group), 10 ml 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine and 1 ml of MgSo4 10% were prepared. All the patients received intrathecal 3 ml 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine, and then, IIIH blockade was performed under ultrasound guidance according to the group. Postoperatively, VRS scores,analgesic duration, and any complication were recorded.
The present application discloses a new multivalent peptide ligand specifically targeting polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) with favorable pharmacological parameters to monitor sites of inflammation for imaging. The detailed synthesis, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of the ligands are reported here. Two separate peptide binding ligands for formyl peptide and tuftsin receptors were chosen to link together based on the high expression levels of the two receptors on activated PMNs The heterobivalency and pegylated links were incorporated in the structural design to improve the sensitivity of the detection and to improve the bioavailability along with blood clearance profile, respectively. Two chemical constructs: cFLFLF-(PEG) n -TKPPR- 99m Tc (n=4, 12) were evaluated  in vitro  with human PMNs for binding affinity and bioavailability. As a result, FLFLF-(PEG) 12 -TKPPR- 99m Tc was found to have more favorable pharmacological properties and was therefore used for further  in vivo  studies. Preliminary  in vivo  assessment of the agent was performed using Single Gamma Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging of a mouse model of ear inflammation. The results of these studies indicate cFLFLF-(PEG) 12 - TKPPR- 99m Tc may be a desirable imaging agent for binding to PMNs to identify sites of inflammation by SPECT.
BACKGROUND: In consideration of the substantial occurrence rates of diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression, it is imperative to identify patients with DM who are at an elevated risk of developing depression. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine whether the risk of depression escalated proportionally with the severity of diabetes.
METHODS: 2,067,017 adults diagnosed with type 2 DM, with the exception of those diagnosed with depression either before or within one year of the index date, were identified from a nationwide population-based cohort in Korea. Severity scores for DM were established based on various factors, including insulin use, DM duration of at least 5 years, use of three or more oral hypoglycemic agents, the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), or diabetic retinopathy. Each of these attributes was assigned a score of one point for diabetes severity, and their cumulative sum was defined as a diabetes severity score, ranging from 0 to 6.
RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 407,047 cases of major depression were identified. Each component contributing to the DM severity score was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression (all P-values <0.001), with insulin use and the presence of CVD demonstrating the most significant correlation with depression risk. As the DM severity score increased, the risk of depression was observed to significantly escalate (P for trend <0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of depression were 1.15 (1.14-1.16) in 1 point, 1.28 (1.27-1.29) in 2 points, 1.45 (1.43-1.47) in 3 points, 1.70 (1.67-1.73) in 4 points, 1.91 (1.84-1.98) in 5 points, and 2.01 (1.79-2.26) in 6 points, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that diabetes severity is positively associated with an elevated risk of developing major depression. Based on these findings, it is feasible to consider targeting depression screening efforts towards individuals with higher diabetes severity scores.
Neuroinflammation in the early postnatal period can disturb trajectories of the completion of normal brain development and can lead to mental illnesses, such as depression, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders later in life. In our study, we focused on evaluating short- and long-term effects of neonatal inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide, poly(I:C), or their combination in female and male C57BL/6 and BTBR mice. We chose the BTBR strain as potentially more susceptible to neonatal inflammation because these mice have behavioral, neuroanatomical, and physiological features of autism spectrum disorders, an abnormal immune response, and several structural aberrations in the brain. Our results indicated that BTBR mice are more sensitive to the influence of the neonatal immune activation (NIA) on the formation of neonatal reflexes than C57BL/6 mice are. In these experiments, the injection of lipopolysaccharide had an effect on the formation of the cliff aversion reflex in female BTBR mice. Nonetheless, NIA had no delayed effects on either social behavior or anxiety-like behavior in juvenile and adolescent BTBR and C57BL/6 mice. Altogether, our data show that NIA has mimetic-, age-, and strain-dependent effects on the development of neonatal reflexes and on exploratory activity in BTBR and C57BL/6 mice.
PURPOSE: To obtain the subject composition containing active product-filled microspheres specified in dimensional range, and capable of diffusing the active product into sebum follicular tracheae and the tissue therearound. CONSTITUTION: This cosmetic or medicinal composition for local application contains microspheres of polymer or fatty substance >50 deg.C in melting point filled with at least one active product with >=80wt.% thereof having a diameter of 3-10μm. The polymer is e.g. a styrene-based polymer, β-alanine-based polymer, (meth)acrylic acid-derived polymer, lactic acid- and/or glycolic acid-derived polyester, while the fatty substance e.g. a fatty alcohol, derivative from alcohol and fatty acid. The microspheres enter sebum follicles, but enter the skin little, being delivered to follicular tracheae selectively and forwardly.
This study aimed to characterise bilateral asymmetry in running mechanics during perceptually regulated, high-intensity intermittent running in hypoxia and normoxia and examines whether inter-limb differences in running mechanics are modified between and within intervals. Nineteen trained runners completed 4 × 4-min treadmill running bouts (3-min passive recoveries) at a perceived rating exertion of 16 on the 6-20 Borg scale in either hypoxic (FiO2 = 0.15) or normoxic (FiO2 = 0.21) conditions. Ground reaction force recordings at constant velocity (group average: 14.8 ± 1.9 km/h) allowed measurement of running kinetics/kinematics and calculation of spring-mass model characteristics at the beginning and the end of each 4-min interval. Lower limb asymmetry was assessed from the 'symmetry angle' (SA) score. There were no between intervals (P > 0.087), within intervals (P > 0.076) or FiO2 (P > 0.128) differences in SA scores for any of the 16 biomechanical variables. Mean SA scores were lower than 1.5% for spatio-temporal variables, ~1.5-3% for braking and push-off phase durations, peak forces and impulses and ~4-6% for mean loading rate and vertical stiffness. With preserved lower limb asymmetries both between and within intervals and with additional hypoxia, trained runners completing perceptually regulated interval treadmill runs may anticipate a maintained performance without heightened injury risk.
INTRODUCTION: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective analgesics commonly used in fracture management. Although previously associated with delayed fracture healing, multiple studies have demonstrated their safety, with minimal risks of fracture healing. Given the current opioid crisis in the United States, alternate pain control modalities are essential to reduce opioid consumption. This study aims to determine whether the combination of oral acetaminophen and intravenous ketorolac is a viable alternative to opioid-based pain management in closed tibial shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nailing.
METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial evaluating postoperative pain control and opioid consumption in patients with closed tibial shaft fractures who underwent intramedullary nailing. Patients were randomized into an NSAID-based pain control group (52 patients) and an opioid-based pain control group (44 patients). Visual analog scale (VAS) scores and morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) were evaluated at 12-hour postoperative intervals during the first 48 hours after surgery. Nonunion and delayed healing rates were recorded for both groups.
RESULTS: A statistically significant decrease in MMEs was noted at every measured interval (12, 24, 36, and 48 hours) in the NSAID group compared with the opioid group ( P -value 0.001, 0.001, 0.040, 0.024, respectively). No significant change in visual analog scale scores was observed at 12, 36, and 48 hours between both groups ( P -value 0.215, 0.12, and 0.083, respectively). A significant decrease in VAS scores was observed at the 24-hour interval in the NSAID group compared with the opioid group ( P -value 0.041). No significant differences in union rates were observed between groups ( P -value 0.820).
DISCUSSION: Using an NSAID-based postoperative pain protocol led to a decrease in opioid consumption without affecting pain scores or union rates. Owing to the minimal risk of short-term NSAID use, their role in the perioperative management of tibia shaft fractures is justified, especially when they reduce opioid consumption markedly.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level I.
BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a common admission diagnosis in the intensive care unit (ICU). The Sepsis-3 consensus associates sepsis diagnosis with acute organ dysfunction. In these patients troponin elevation is a well-established phenomenon, but its clinical significance is not settled, as no systematic review has addressed the prognostic significance of the increasingly prevalent high-sensitivity troponin assays in acute organ dysfunction setting. This study aims to clarify the association between early serum troponin levels in high-sensitivity assays with short-term mortality risk in septic patients with acute organ dysfunction.
METHODS: We will systematically search PubMed, Scopus and Embase for original articles; additionally, a manual search will be carried out through relevant literature. Generally, studies will be deemed eligible for inclusion if they evaluate the association between high-sensitivity troponin in the first 24 hours of admission and ICU, 30-days, or In-hospital mortality; in patients with septic shock or sepsis related to acute organ dysfunction. Two reviewers will independently select studies and extract the data. A meta-analysis for mortality outcome will be performed for comparative data regarding two effect measures: Odd ratios and Standardized Mean differences.
DISCUSSION: This study will provide further evidence about the role of high-sensitivity troponin assays in predicting mortality in septic patients; potentially helping to guide further research and yielding valuable information for patient assessment. Conclusion about the certainty of evidence will be presented in a ´Summary of findings´ table.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration: (CRD42024468883).
The present invention provides a method of preparing a crystalline contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging from a zwitterionic carboxylic pyridyl ligand and the crystalline contrast agent obtained or obtainable with said method. The crystalline contrast agent in 5 particular essentially consists of a manganese-organic or gadolinium-organic 3D framework. The present invention further provides a kit and a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising said crystalline contrast agent. The method of the present invention allows for preparing crystalline contrast agents with superior properties with easily available starting materials and with an economic and efficient process. The method allows for preparing 0 crystalline contrast agents with exceptional water-stability and water-solubility, which exhibit high longitudinal relaxivities and with excellent stabilities under physiological conditions and low cytotoxicity. Further provided is a method for in vivo imaging of a subject, in particular a human, comprising administering said crystalline contrast agent to the subject.
Participants in this arm will receive the Multidisciplinary Intervention for Encopresis (MIE) for one week. This study arm was discontinued in October 2019.