anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Autophagy is a cytoplasmic defense mechanism that cells use to break and reprocess their intracellular components. This utilization of autophagy is regarded as a savior in nutrient-deficient and other stressful conditions. Hence, autophagy keeps contact with and responds to miscellaneous cellular tensions and diverse pathways of signal transductions, such as growth signaling and cellular death. Importantly, autophagy is regarded as an effective tumor suppressor because regular autophagic breakdown is essential for cellular maintenance and minimizing cellular damage. However, paradoxically, autophagy has also been observed to promote the events of malignancies. This review discussed the dual role of autophagy in cancer, emphasizing its influence on tumor survival and progression. Possessing such a dual contribution to the malignant establishment, the prevention of autophagy can potentially advocate for the advancement of malignant transformation. In contrast, for the context of the instituted tumor, the agents of preventing autophagy potently inhibit the advancement of the tumor. Key regulators, including calpain 1, mTORC1, and AMPK, modulate autophagy in response to nutritional conditions and stress. Oncogenic mutations like RAS and B-RAF underscore autophagy's pivotal role in cancer development. The review also delves into autophagy's context-dependent roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). It also discusses the therapeutic effectiveness of autophagy for several cancers. The recent implication of autophagy in the control of both innate and antibody-mediated immune systems made it a center of attention to evaluating its role concerning tumor antigens and treatments of cancer.
In a pilot human intervention trial we aimed to determine the effect of the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism and the PPARγ stimulator, Ibuprofen, on sex-hormone levels following alcohol intake in postmenopausal women. Seven women with PPARG Pro12Ala and 18 PPARG wildtype women were included.The study was performed as a randomised, double-blinded, placebo controlled 2x24 h crossover study. The volunteers were randomised to 1 of 2 groups who got the two treatments in different orders. Treatment 1 was a placebo tablet with water followed after 30min by an alcoholic drink providing 0,4g alcohol per kilogram bw and treatment 2 was an Ibuprofen tablet (400mg) with water followed by the same alcoholic drink. The two treatments were separated by a 5-7 weeks washout period. Alcohol was supplied as 7.7% ethanol in a lime-flavoured drink and was consumed over 15 min. EDTA-plasma was collected 40min before and 30, 60 and 90 min after ethanol intake as well as after 24 hours. Ibuprofen (400mg) was provided together with 100mL water 30min before the ethanol. Urine was collected throughout the 24 hour interval. Serum estrone, estrone sulphate, serum estrogen-binding globulin (SHBG), and ethanol were determined. It is hypothesized that the acute decrease in estrogen sulphate and other markers of estrogens after alcohol intake is modulated by ibuprofen and by PPARG genotype.
Patients receive intravenous placebo infusions at months 0 and 3. Each placebo infusion will consist of 50 ml of PlasmaLyte A.
Subjects will be given a larger dose (up to 10 mg) at a time when the melatonin should advance the timing of the body clock. If the subject's body clock responds successfully to the dose, the dose will be reduced gradually until the lowest effective dose is found. If the treatment does not work, the subject will be taken off treatment and later entered into a new treatment regimen.
The present invention is related to the biopharmaceutical industry and in particular to the development of a medication for the treatment of cerebrovascular, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Its active principle is recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) with low content of sialic acid. During the production of rhEPO, this glycoprotein is obtained with different contents of sialic acid; if less than 40% of the molecule is protected with (basic) sialic acid, it is not biologically active in the systemic way, as it is then inactivated by hepatic enzymes. Surprisingly, we have found that intranasal administration of basic rhEPO has enhanced therapeutic activity in comparison with acid rhEPO. The nasal formulations of basic rhEPO herein presented incorporate bioadhesive polymers which increase the residence time in the nasal cavity, thereby enhancing their therapeutic effect. They also include other auxiliary substances such as preservatives, tensioactive agents, pH regulators, isotonic agents and protein stabilizers.
Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is a potent neurotoxic substance known to cause memory impairment and oxidative stress-dependent neurodegeneration. Naringenin (NAR) is a dietary flavonoid with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which was implemented against AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity to ascertain its neuroprotective efficacy. Experimental neurotoxicity in mice was induced by exposure of AlCl3 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) followed by treatment with NAR (10 mg/kg, p.o.) for a total of 63 days. Assessed the morphometric, learning memory dysfunction (novel object recognition, T- and Y-maze tests), neuronal oxidative stress, and histopathological alteration in different regions of the brain, mainly cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebellum. AlCl3 significantly suppressed the spatial learning and memory power which were notably improved by administration of NAR. The levels of oxidative stress parameters nitric oxide, advanced oxidation of protein products, protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, reduced glutathione, and the activity of acetylcholine esterase were altered 1.5-3 folds by AlCl3 significantly. Treatment of NAR remarkably restored the level of oxidative stress parameters and maintained the antioxidant defense system. AlCl3 suppressed the expression of neuronal proliferation marker NeuN that was restored by NAR treatment which may be a plausible mechanism. NAR showed therapeutic efficacy as a natural supplement against aluminum-intoxicated memory impairments and histopathological alteration through a mechanism involving an antioxidant defense system and neuronal proliferation.
The study population is based on the 'National Health Insurance Research Database' (NHIRD) from 2001 to 2015 provided by Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare. The subjects are diagnosed as MS patients based on the 'Registry for Catastrophic Illness'.
Parents of children with retinoblastoma, the most common primary ocular malignant tumour in childhood, bear a heavy caregiving burden and are very susceptible to fatigue. However, little is known about their current status of fatigue and factors influencing fatigue; therefore,this study, based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms, and included 317 parents of children with retinoblastoma in China, whose general demographic data were collected, and on whom the fatigue severity scale (FSS), the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) and 2-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-2) were administered, from 9 March to 1 June 2020. The parents' FSS score and fatigue incidence were 4.41 ± 1.14 and 67.19%, respectively. The fatigue level was positively correlated with anxiety, depression, education, times of hospitalisations, and treatment types (r = 0.125-0.468, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with health status, sleep quality, economic status, and family economic situation (r =  - 0.120 to - 0.322, P < 0.05). Parent's anxiety level, being an only child and female sex of child influenced parents' fatigue. Healthcare personnel need to focus their attention on this high-risk fatigue group and implement appropriate interventions to reduce their fatigue level, promote their physical and mental health, and facilitate better care for children.
This invention is directed to a synthetic non-naturally occurring oligonucleotide compound which comprises nucleotides whose sequence defines a conserved catalytic region and nucleotides whose sequence is capable of hybridizing with a predetermined target sequence within a packaging sequence of an RNA virus.  Preferably, the viral packaging sequence is a retrovirus packaging sequence or the HIV-1 Psi packaging sequence.  The RNA virus may be HIV-1, Feline Leukemia Virus, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus or one of the viruses listed in Table 1.  The conserved catalytic region may be derived from a hammerhead ribozyme, a hairpin ribozyme, a hepatitis delta ribozyme, an RNAase P ribozyme, a group I intron, a group II intron.  The invention is also directed to multiple ribozymes, combinations of ribozymes, with or without antisense, and combinations of ribozymes, with antisense, and TAR decoys, polyTARs and RRE decoys targeted against the RNA virus.  Vectors are also described.  Further, methods of treatment and methods of use both in vivo and ex vivo are described.
Common cold is a viral infection resulting predominantly in inflammation of the nasal mucosa. The most prevalent symptoms are nasal congestion (resulting in obstruction), and nasal discharge.   The solutions proposed are intended for topical intranasal use in newborn, infants, young and older children, and adults. The main ingredients concentration will vary according to the patient's age, effects and side effects observed during the studies.   The main ingredient of these solutions is the steroid, Bethamethasone or Dexamethasone.    These can be used alone or in combination with an Aminoglycoside antibiotic (Tobramycin or Gentamycin) and/or an anticholinergic agent, such as Ipatropium bromide.   The steroid will act as an anti-inflammatory agent and as such, will relieve nasal edema, congestion and obstruction. The anticholinergic agent will decrease nasal discharge through the parasympathetic nervous system. The antibiotic used may act on the nasal bacterial flora and its interaction with an infected, damaged nasal mucosa.
Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including cefadroxil should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When cefadroxil is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by cefadroxil or other antibacterial drugs in the future.  
  
Diarrhea is a common problem caused by antibiotics which usually ends when the antibiotic is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibiotics, patients can develop watery and bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever) even as late as two or more months after having taken the last dose of the antibiotic. If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible.
Habitual short sleep durations are associated with several cardiovascular diseases. Experimental research generally supports these findings as metrics of arterial function are impaired after complete deprivation of sleep and after longer periods of partial sleep restriction. The acute influence of a single instance of partial sleep restriction (PSR), however, has not been defined. We evaluated arterial structure and function among 32 university-aged participants on two occasions: once after normal habitual sleep (NS), and again the morning after an acute partial sleep restriction (PSR) intervention involving only 3 h of sleep for a single night. Endothelial function was measured using ultrasonography at the brachial artery via flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and a ramp peak oxygen uptake test was used to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness. Blood samples were collected from a subset of participants to investigate the influence of circulatory factors on cellular mechanisms implicated in endothelial function. Sleep duration was lower after a night of PSR compared to NS (P < 0.001); however, there were no appreciable differences in any haemodynamic outcome between conditions. FMD was not different between NS and PSR (NS: 6.5 ± 2.9%; PSR: 6.3 ± 2.9%; P = 0.668), and cardiorespiratory fitness did not moderate the haemodynamic response to PSR (all P > 0.05). Ex vivo cell culture results aligned with in vivo data, showing that acute PSR does not alter intracellular processes involved in endothelial function. No differences in arterial structure or function were observed between NS and acute PSR in healthy and young participants, and cardiorespiratory fitness does not modulate the arterial response to acute sleep restriction.
Endothelin 1 may have a role in the development of acute airway narrowing in asthma. Blockade of the endothelin system may thereby protect against airway narrowing. Two receptors exist for endothelin 1, Endothelin A \& B. Both can be blocked by Bosentan, and the A receptor by ambrisentan. Both medications are currently in use for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The investigators will endeavour to examine the potential role of endothelin 1 in the development of airway narrowing in asthma through blockade of the endothelin receptors A\&B through the use of bosentan and ambrisentan.
The invention relates to a brain-invigorating and kidney-tonifying composition. The composition is prepared from food of soybean, mung bean, rice bean, rice, barley, wheat, oat, seed of Job's tears and lotus seed and traditional Chinese medicine of kudzu root, Chinese yam, licorice, astragalus root, semen cuscutae, smllax GlabraRoxb, ophiopogon root, rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, wolfberry fruit, polygonatum, pollen, radix rehmanniae and raspberry. The brain-invigorating and kidney-tonifying composition can act as food which satisfies hunger and has treatment function. After patients eat the food, the blood sugar and the urine sugar of a vegetable can be smoothly controlled and reduced. Under normal circumstances, patients suffering from less severe disease do not need to take medicine any more as long as taking the food. Besides, the food is rich in nutrient components, and can ensure the protein, heat energy, abundant multiple vitamins, microelements and the like which are required by the vegetable each day, thereby realizing some functions which the medicine does not have.
Executive functioning (EF) is of major interest in the study of cognitive factors involved in obesity. Among EF, shifting is related to behavioral flexibility, and inhibition to the ability to refrain from impulsive behavior. A deficit in those two EF could predict individual difficulties to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Weak evidence of deficits in shifting and inhibition in individuals of higher Body Mass Index (BMI) have been observed. The objective was to clarify the relationship between inhibition and shifting regarding weight status group differences in healthy adults. Two neuropsychological tests from the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) battery were used to measure EF performance of three groups of men and women: normal-weight (NW, n = 38), overweight (OW, n = 40) and obesity (OB, n = 37). The results show that individuals with higher BMI have lower inhibition capacities and that classically used weight status categories might not capture cognitive variability. No differences in shifting were observed concerning weight status nor BMI. This paper provides new insights on cognitive factors in obesity by presenting data from healthy individuals with overweight and obesity. The results support that assessing inhibition capacities might be of interest in a clinical setting for patients with difficulties to lose weight.
Although effective evidence-based interventions have been developed for alcohol and cannabis use disorders, it is still unclear which individuals respond best to treatment. A recent model known as the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) proposes that assessing for differences in three neurofunctional domains (executive function, incentive salience, and negative emotionality) could allow for a stronger neuroscience-based framework for understanding heterogeneity in response to addiction treatments but this has never been tested prospectively. In this study, we will recruit two groups: (1) participants with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and (2) participants with cannabis use disorder (CUD). Participants will undergo thorough baseline assessments of each of the three ANA domains prior to evidence-based treatment for their respective disorders. Individuals with AUD will be treated with 12 weeks of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for AUD plus optional pharmacotherapy guided by a pharmacotherapy algorithm. Individuals with CUD will be treated with 12 weeks of CBT + motivational enhancement therapy for CUD. The primary objective of the study is to assess whether baseline ANA measures are associated with changes in drug consumption and craving over treatment.
The invention relates to a novel antibiotic No. 2-200 represented by the formula
     a process for producing the same by cultivating an antibiotic No. 2-200 producing microorganism of the genus Nacardia, e.g. Nocardia sp. No. 2-200 (ATCC 31319), and recovering by isolation the antibiotic No. 2-200 accumulated in the culture, and pharmaceutical compositions containing said antibiotic. The antibiotic has a broad antimicrobial spectrum, in particular it is effective against gram negative bacteria.
The present invention provides amorphous and crystalline forms of olanzapine pamoate, and processes for preparing them. The invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one of the described crystalline forms of olanzapine pamoate. This pharmaceutical composition may additionally comprise at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The present invention encompasses the use of at least one of the forms of olanzapine pamoate for the preparation of a formulation. The present invention further provides the use of at least one of the forms of olanzapine pamoate of the invention for the treatment of schizophrenia and manic episodes. In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of treating schizophrenia or manic episodes comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of the forms of olanzapine pamoate of the invention described above or a therapeutic effective amount of at least one of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention to a person suffering from schizophrenia or manic episodes.
Conventional Syringe Irrigation (CSI), which delivers irrigants (NaOCl, EDTA) through a needle-syringe system. After local anesthesia, the tooth will be isolated with a rubber dam. The pulp chamber will be accessed using ultrasound, eliminating all cavities, restorations with microfiltration or creating access through metal crowns. All canals will be cleaned and shaped with rotary files until at least a canal size of 20.6 or 25.04 is achieved within 0.5 to 1 mm of the apical end. Between each file, 6% NaOCl will be used to disinfect and clean the waste channels. Each canal will then be soaked in 17% EDTA for 1 minute, rinsed with 6% NaOCl, and finally subjected to a final saline rinse. The canals will be filled with root canal sealant and gutta-percha.
Plerixafor Injection is a sterile, preservative-free, clear, colorless to pale-yellow, isotonic solution for subcutaneous injection. Each mL of the sterile solution contains 20 mg of plerixafor. Each single-dose vial is filled to deliver 1.2 mL of the sterile solution that contains 24 mg of plerixafor and 5.9 mg of sodium chloride in Water for Injection adjusted to a pH of 6.0 to 7.5 with hydrochloric acid and with sodium hydroxide, if required.

Plerixafor is a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer with a chemical name 1,4-Bis((1,4,8,11-­tetraazacyclotetradecan-1-yl)methyl)benzene. It has the molecular formula C28H54N8. The molecular weight of plerixafor is 502.79 g/mol. The structural formula is provided in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Structural Formula

Plerixafor is a white to off-white crystalline solid. It is hygroscopic. Plerixafor has a typical melting point of 131.5°C. The partition coefficient of plerixafor between 1-octanol and pH 7 aqueous buffer is <0.1.
Patients with impaired gag reflex or other swallowing abnormalities are at risk for regurgitation or aspiration of Polyethylene Glycol-3350, Electrolytes, and Ascorbate for Oral Solution. Observe these patients during the administration of Polyethylene Glycol-3350, Electrolytes, and Ascorbate for Oral Solution. Use with caution in these patients.

Do not combine Polyethylene Glycol-3350, Electrolytes, and Ascorbate for Oral Solution with starch-based thickeners [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a component of Polyethylene Glycol-3350, Electrolytes, and Ascorbate for Oral Solution, when mixed with starch-thickened liquids reduces the viscosity of the starch-thickened liquid. When a PEG-based product used for another indication was mixed in starch-based pre-thickened liquids used in patients with dysphagia, thinning of the liquid occurred and cases of choking and potential aspiration were reported.
PURPOSE: A composition containing Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Perilla frutescens Britton var. crispa, Houttuynia cordata Thunberg extract for preventing or treating allergic diseases is provided to suppress histamine release and IgE generation and enhance lymphocyte proliferation and IL-1 and IFN-γ. CONSTITUTION: A composition for preventing or treating allergic diseases contains 39-60 weight% of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, 0.5-5 weight% of Perilla frutescens Britton var. crispa, 0.1-1 weight% of aloe extract, 25-35 weight% of Houttuynia cordata Thunberg, and 14.4-20 weight% of Dendranthema grandiflorum Kitamura. Allergic diseases are bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, anaphylatic shock, virus allergy, drug allergy and The composition is pharmaceutical composition, food composition, or cosmetic composition.
Agents for blocking T cell-mediated immune reactions are provided. Such agents are peptides, referred to as “CD28 peptide mimetics”, of from 15 to 30 amino acids in length. The CD28 peptide mimetics comprise the hexapeptide motif ‘MYPPPY’, SEQ ID NO:  1,  or a retro-inverso isomer thereof. The CD28 peptide mimetics further comprise flanking sequence at the amino and carboxyl terminus of the hexapeptide motif. Methods for treating subjects with T cell mediated autoimmune diseases or disorders are also provided. Such methods comprise administering one or more of the CD28 peptide mimetics to a subject with such a disease or disorder.