anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
These group sessions will be delivered by government health workers, and include behavioral recommendations about responsive stimulation, nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene, lead poisoning prevention, and maternal mental health. Pregnancy groups and caregiver-child groups will be held separately, and mothers and caregivers who attend sessions will receive simple toys and books to use during some of the intervention sessions, which they will be permitted to take home with them. In addition, mothers and caregivers who attend intervention sessions will receive 30 sachets containing 1 gm multiple micronutrient powder (MNP) per month. Beginning as soon as pregnancy is confirmed, health workers will facilitate pregnant women in receiving the Iron and Folic acid supplements already provided by the Government of Bangladesh and will continue the supplementation up to three months post-partum period.
Patients receive 1 dose of defactinib PO while on study, prior to planned tumor resection. Patients undergo blood collection and donate resected tumor tissue while on study.
The priority in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) research and breeding programs worldwide is to combine different features to develop cultivars tailored to specific applications of this crop. In this study, forms with a modified fatty acid composition of seed oil were successfully combined with a source of resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor., a harmful protist-causing clubroot. Three HO-type recombinants in F6-F12 generations with oleic acid content of 80.2-82.1% and one HOLL-type F6 inbred mutant recombinant (HOmut × LLmut), with a high oleic acid content (80.9%) and reduced linolenic acid content (2.3%), were crossed with the cultivar Tosca, resistant to several pathotypes of P. brassicae. The work involved genotyping with the use of DNA markers specific for allelic variants of desaturase genes responsible for the synthesis of oleic and linolenic fatty acids, CAPS (FAD2 desaturase, C18:1), and SNaPshot (FAD3 desaturase, C18:3), respectively. Of 350 progenies in the F3 generation, 192 (55%) were selected for further studies. Among them, 80 HO (≥ 72%) lines were identified, 10 of which showed resistance to at least one up to four P. brassicae pathotypes. Thirty lines in the selected progeny contained high oleic acid and less than 5% linolenic acid; eight of them belonged to the HOLL type conferring resistance to at least one pathotype. Two HO lines and two HOLL lines were resistant to four pathotypes. The resulting HO-CR and HOLL-CR inbred lines with altered seed oil fatty acid composition and resistance to P. brassicae represent unique oilseed rape material with the desired combination of valuable traits.
The barbiturates are nonselective central nervous system (CNS) depressants that are primarily used as sedative-hypnotics. In subhypnotic doses, they are also used as anticonvulsants. The barbiturates and their sodium salts are subject to control under the Federal Controlled Substances Act.

Phenobarbital is a barbituric acid derivative and occurs as white, odorless, small crystals or crystalline powder that is very slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, in ether, and in solutions of fixed alkali hydroxides and carbonates; sparingly soluble in chloroform. Phenobarbital is 5-ethyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid. Phenobarbital is a substituted pyrimidine derivative in which the basic structure is barbituric acid, a substance that has no CNS activity. CNS activity is obtained by substituting alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl groups on the pyrimidine ring. It has the following structural formula:

Each phenobarbital tablet contains 16.2 mg (1/4 grain), 32.4 mg (1/2 grain), 64.8 mg (1 grain) or 97.2 mg (11/2 grain) of phenobarbital.

In addition each tablet contains: colloidal silicon dioxide, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium starch glycolate.
The goal of chronic dosage adjustments is to establish a dose at which PAH symptoms are improved, while minimizing excessive pharmacologic effects of Remodulin (headache, nausea, emesis, restlessness, anxiety, and infusion site pain or reaction).

The infusion rate should be increased in increments of 1.25 ng/kg/min per week for the first four weeks of treatment and then 2.5 ng/kg/min per week for the remaining duration of infusion, depending on clinical response. Dosage adjustments may be undertaken more often if tolerated. Avoid abrupt cessation of infusion [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Restarting a Remodulin infusion within a few hours after an interruption can be done using the same dose rate. Interruptions for longer periods may require the dose of Remodulin to be re-titrated.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment, and the increasing prevalence of diabetes and obesity will impact rates of visual impairment moving forward. Our review aims to synthesize the current body of evidence regarding the impact of lifestyle interventions, such as weight loss, bariatric surgery, and novel antidiabetic drugs, on DR.
RECENT FINDINGS: Literature review revealed insufficient evidence regarding the impact of weight loss on DR. Preoperative DR patients undergoing bariatric surgery were found to have similar short-term chances of improvement or worsening DR. Progression of DR with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists treatments appears unrelated to specific drugs and was also observed with traditional antidiabetic medications.
SUMMARY: Rapidly correcting HbA1c levels (≥2%) can paradoxically lead to early worsening DR. Patients considering weight loss, bariatric surgery, and novel antidiabetic drugs should be aware of the potential for DR progression, but they should not be discouraged, as achieving glycemic control is essential for reducing long-term morbidity and mortality from other diabetes-related complications. It is advisable to conduct a baseline retinal examination before treatment and continue monitoring during therapy. Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of these treatments on DR.
A computer-implemented method for providing patient-specific medical action recommendations (HE) is described. In the method, a Data Set (DS) of a patient is received. One or more Observables (OB) are automatically determined based on the Data Set (DS), wherein the one or more Observables (OB) describe a clinical state of the patient. One or more Observables (OB) are displayed via a user interface (23). Furthermore, a user input (NE) of the user (BN) relating to the displayed Observables (OB) is received via a user interface (23). Based on the user input (NE) and optionally on the Data Set (DS), an action recommendation (HE) for the user (BN) is provided relating to other steps of diagnosing and/or treating the patient. Furthermore, a clinical examination and treatment system (30) is described.
Registers recording only 1 tumour per patient do not enable assessment of the real burden of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. To investigate recent changes in the incidence and characteristics of tumours, a retrospective 15-year patient cohort study was performed in Finland. Histopathological diagnoses of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas diagnosed between 2016 and 2020 were obtained from the pathology database and clinical data from patient medical records and combined with previously collected data for the years 2006-2015. Altogether 1,472 patients with 2,056 tumours were identified. The crude incidence increased from 19/100,000 persons in 2006 to 42 in 2020 (p < 0.001), increasing most in people aged over 80 years. The percentage of tumours located on the trunk increased from 5.3% during the first 5-year period, 2006-2010, to 9.0% in 2016-2020. Also, the location of tumours was significantly different between men and women, as men had more tumours on the scalp and ears, and women on the lower limbs. A slight change in the tumours from poorly to well differentiated and a decrease in the invasion depth were noted between 2006 and 2020. As the burden of tumours continues to increase, more attention should be paid to their prevention.
Preserving a functional mitochondrial network is crucial for cellular well-being, considering the pivotal role of mitochondria in ensuring cellular survival, especially under stressful conditions. Mitophagy, the selective removal of damaged mitochondria through autophagy, plays a pivotal role in preserving cellular homeostasis by preventing the production of harmful reactive oxygen species from dysfunctional mitochondria. While the involvement of mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases has been thoroughly investigated, it is becoming increasingly evident that mitophagy plays a significant role in cancer biology. Perturbations in mitophagy pathways lead to suboptimal mitochondrial quality control, catalyzing various aspects of carcinogenesis, including establishing metabolic plasticity, stemness, metabolic reconfiguration of cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immunomodulation. While mitophagy performs a delicate balancing act at the intersection of cell survival and cell death, mounting evidence indicates that, particularly in the context of stress responses induced by cancer therapy, it predominantly promotes cell survival. Here, we showcase an overview of the current understanding of the role of mitophagy in cancer biology and its potential as a target for cancer therapy. Gaining a more comprehensive insight into the interaction between cancer therapy and mitophagy has the potential to reveal novel targets and pathways, paving the way for enhanced treatment strategies for therapy-resistant tumors in the near future.
The phenomenon of the experiences of mutual support of co-morbid couples of recurrent older stroke survivors during hospitalization is receiving increased interest from nursing scholars. However, little is known about how they support each other. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of co-morbid couples of older stroke survivors with recurrent stroke who support each other during hospitalization. A descriptive phenomenology study was employed. 21 co-morbid couples with recurrent older stroke survivors were recruited. The interviews were analyzed with Colaizzi's descriptive analysis framework. Three themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) maintaining the couple's relationship through mutual support, (2) mutual support so as not to drag the children down, and (3) providing support while struggling between ideals and reality. It is crucial to provide them with individualized, tailored support and interventions that can help these couples achieve a more optimal balance in their mutual support.
Embodiments described herein relate to systems, methods, and apparatuses for efficient visualization of medical imaging data. In some embodiments, medical imaging data can include imaging data of tissue portions, such as, for example, tissue samples. In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a memory and a processor. The processor can be configured to receive imaging data obtained from imaging tissue. In some embodiments, the imaging data can include a two-dimensional scan of tissue, such as, for example, a B-scan. The processor can be configured to analyze the imaging data, and to identify imaging data associated with suspicious areas. The processor can be configured to generate a visual interface that displays the imaging data associated with the suspicious areas in a stitched view. The processor, via the visual interface, can enable a user to navigate to locations in the two-dimensional scan that correspond to imaging data associated with suspicious areas that the user determines to be positive for a characteristic (e.g., cancer).
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a type of circulatory life support for patients with severe lung failure. The use of ECMO has increased worldwide since the pandemic of H1N1 in 2009 and more recently SARS-CoV-2 in 2020 both of which caused severe respiratory failure. ECMO patients experience both increased risk of bleeding and thrombosis. This is due to the pathological insult that damages the lungs, the ECMO circuit, coagulopathy, inflammation and anticoagulation. ECMO presents unique demands on the coagulation laboratory both in tests required to manage the patients and result interpretation. This is a personal opinion of 20 years ECMO experience as a clinical scientist and a short current review of the literature. It will focus on the laboratory coagulation tests used to manage ECMO patients, including different anticoagulants used, testing frequency and interpretation of the results.
The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition used for relaxing bowels to lose weight. The pharmaceutical composition is an external medication prepared by using raw rhubarb, cortex magnoliae officinalis, fructus aurantii immaturus and mirabilite as raw material drugs. The invention also provides a preparation method and an application of the pharmaceutical composition. The pharmaceutical patch is researched and developed from decades of clinical experience, on the basis of a theory that six bowels take unobstruction as their normal functional state in traditional Chinese medicine. Stubborn stools are removed through dual functions of the drugs and acupuncture points; the pharmaceutical composition increases intestinal peristalsis, thereby facilitating fat transformation on intestinal walls; the relaxed abdominal muscles are tightened; and elasticity of the abdominal muscles is enhanced, so that the object of ideal rehabilitation and health care effects of relaxing the bowels and losing weight can be achieved. The pharmaceutical patch prevents side effects of stomachache and the like caused by taking purgating drugs such as rhubarb and the like orally. The pharmaceutical patch is convenient for use; and a person can stop taking the patch at any time and stop taking the patch when the person is recovered from the disease.
Critical to patient recovery, and can contribute to faster patient mobilization, shorter hospital stays and reduced health care costs. The administration of local anesthetics via wound infiltration is standard of care and an effective practice for post surgical pain management, However this method only provides relatively brief analgesia, usually lasting only 12 hours. Other FDA approved delivery systems using an indwelling fusion pump catheter (On-Q pump) are currently being used in our practice and may be used to extend the duration of action of locally administered analgesia by continuously infusing anesthetic into the wound. Alternatively, a depot form of bupivacaine has been FDA approved and currently used to deliver a single dose administered via wound infiltration for prolonged analgesia by allowing for the diffusion of the drug over an extended period of time. Both of these products are used as a standard practice during DIEP free flap reconstructions. However, no studies compare the efficacy of these two methods patients undergong unilateral DIEP flap reconstructions has been done in a prospective, randomized control manner.
OBJECTIVES: Opioid availability for the palliative care of patients with advanced cancer is increasing globally. However, opioid availability remains extremely low in Japan. We investigated whether pain is appropriately controlled by low-dose opioid prescriptions in patients with advanced cancer in Japan.
METHODS: A web-based nationwide survey for caregivers from 2000 community comprehensive support care centers was performed in Japan to assess details about pain in the 30 days before patients died of end-stage cancer. Separately, the data for opioid prescription doses and medical services in the 90 days before the death of patients with cancer were extracted from a health insurance claim database.
RESULTS: Responses from 1034 responders were retrieved and 665 patients were included. In total, 254 patients (38.2%) complained of severe-to-intolerable cancer-related pain. The median cumulative prescription dose of opioids in the 90 days before patient death was 311.0 mg by oral morphine equivalent doses. Multiple regression analyses across prefectures revealed that the proportion of patients with severe-to-intolerable cancer-related pain was negatively associated with the cumulative opioid consumption expressed as morphine-equivalent doses within 90 days before death.
CONCLUSIONS: The very low availability of opioids for patients with end-stage cancer could result in high rate of severe-to-intolerable cancer-related pain patients. There were several limitations in this study, and the interpretations of the findings should be carefully. However, the increase in the absolute dose of opioids could improve the palliative care framework to the pain control levels of the global standard.
The sit-to-stand test is an essential tool used to assess lower limb function and muscle strength in older adults and various patient populations, and also plays a role in sarcopenia screening. Among its forms, the five-time sit-to-stand test (FTSST) is widely used, with previous studies suggesting cutoff values of >10 seconds and >11 seconds for the sitting-to-standing and standing-to-sitting transitions, respectively. The 30-second and 1-minute sit-to-stand tests (30STS and 1MSTS, respectively) also provide comprehensive assessments. While much of the current research on sarcopenia focuses on the FTSST, there is a burgeoning need for an in-depth exploration of the 30STS and 1MSTS. Studies on these tests are vital to refine the criteria for sarcopenia, establish accurate cutoff values, and enhance diagnostic precision and treatment effectiveness. This need highlights the importance of further research into the 30STS and 1MSTS for refining the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a group of chronic metabolic disorders, characterised by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, that results in hyperglycaemia. In the UK an estimated 4.3m people live with T2DM, and it is a major cause of kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke, blindness and lower limb amputation. The primary digestive enzymes that affect carbohydrate digestion and hence postprandial glycaemic levels have been identified as α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Inhibition of these enzymes therefore reduces the rate of glucose absorption and is the principle behind T2DM medications such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose. Whilst acai berries have been found to be rich in α-amylase and α-glucosidase, no research has been conducted on healthy adults to ascertain whether the consumption of acai berries in conjunction with carbohydrate mitigates the rise in postprandial glycaemia.

10 participants were recruited for a double blind randomised crossover study where participants consumed smoothies containing either acai or placebo after 10 hours of fasting. Capillary blood samples were taken at baseline then at 30 minutes intervals until 2 hours after consumption. The study included data for sex (female/male), age (years), weight (kg), height (cm), body mass index (kg/m2) and blood glucose (mmol/l). All data collection, smoothies preparation, smoothies consumption and blood sampling procedures were completed at St Mary's University during the period November-December 2020. Statistical analysis was conducted on the data for postprandial glycaemic response to ascertain whether the consumption of acai mitigated the glycaemic response relative to the placebo.
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate is a American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pregnancy class B drug. To determine the optimal time for the tenofovir treatment during the pregnancy among women with chronic HBV infection and high HBV DNA load. Pregnant women with high HBV DNA load and normal liver function at second trimester will be randomized into three treatment groups at the 20th week of gestation and treated with tenofovir from 24 weeks, 28 weeks and 32 weeks to 1 month postpartum, respectively. The blood will be drawn at 24 weeks, 28 weeks, 32 weeks, 36 weeks and the delivery, respectively and the HBV DNA load and liver functions will be tested. The status of HBV infection for infants will be observed at 1st month, 7th month and 12th month after the babies were delivered. The HBV DNA load at 40th gestational week of mothers, the intrauterine HBV infection rate of infants and safety outcomes will be compared across the three groups.
BACKGROUND: Assessment of artificial intelligence (AI)-based models across languages is crucial to ensure equitable access and accuracy of information in multilingual contexts. This study aimed to compare AI model efficiency in English and Arabic for infectious disease queries.
METHODS: The study employed the METRICS checklist for the design and reporting of AI-based studies in healthcare. The AI models tested included ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Bing, and Bard. The queries comprised 15 questions on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, COVID-19, and influenza. The AI-generated content was assessed by two bilingual experts using the validated CLEAR tool.
RESULTS: In comparing AI models' performance in English and Arabic for infectious disease queries, variability was noted. English queries showed consistently superior performance, with Bard leading, followed by Bing, ChatGPT-4, and ChatGPT-3.5 (P = .012). The same trend was observed in Arabic, albeit without statistical significance (P = .082). Stratified analysis revealed higher scores for English in most CLEAR components, notably in completeness, accuracy, appropriateness, and relevance, especially with ChatGPT-3.5 and Bard. Across the five infectious disease topics, English outperformed Arabic, except for flu queries in Bing and Bard. The four AI models' performance in English was rated as "excellent", significantly outperforming their "above-average" Arabic counterparts (P = .002).
CONCLUSIONS: Disparity in AI model performance was noticed between English and Arabic in response to infectious disease queries. This language variation can negatively impact the quality of health content delivered by AI models among native speakers of Arabic. This issue is recommended to be addressed by AI developers, with the ultimate goal of enhancing health outcomes.
An aqueous antacid suspension comprises aluminium and magnesium hydroxides and from 0.5 to 2.0% by wt. of a stabilising additive comprising an alkali metal and / or an alkaline earth metal gluconate.  Sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium gluconates are exemplified.  The invention also comprises anhydrous antacid compositions comprising from 4 to 8 pts. by wt. Al(OH)3, 1 to 8 pts. by wt. Mg(OH)2 and from 0.5 to 2.0 pts. by wt. of Na, K, Ca, or Mg gluconate.  Magnesium gluconate may be formed in situ in the aqueous suspension of Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 by addition of gluconic acid or glucono-delta-lactone. Conventional excipients may be added to the aqueous antacid suspensions.  The latter may be used in combination with anti-flatulents such as methylpolysiloxane, local anaesthetics such as lidocaine, antibiotics such as tetracycline hydrochloride or penicillin, sedatives such as phenobarbital, tranquilizers such as reserpine or meprobamate, antispasmodics such as aminopentamide or belladonna alkaloids, protective coating agents such as Al(OH)3 gel or magnesium trisilicate, or an alkalisoluble hydrophilic colloid, e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose, alginates, carboxypolymethylene or cellulose acetate phthalate.  The anhydrous composition may be tabletted, encapsulated in gelatin, or resuspended in water.  The composition may be formulated with an analgesic, e.g. aspirin or acetyl p-aminophenol, into an effervescent or conventional tablet.