anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
FIELD: medicine; pharmacology.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine, namely to pharmacology, it can be used for sample preparation in the determination of amiodarone and its metabolite desethylamiodarone by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS/MS) in human blood serum. In the pre-prepared calibration and analyzed samples, which are human blood serum, an effective amount of the internal standard is added, in form of a solution of cinacalcet at a concentration of 500 ng/ml. Next, an effective amount of the protein precipitator, which is undiluted acetonitrile, is added. It is then mixed to a homogeneous state, followed by centrifugation at a centrifugal acceleration of 15294 g until it is separated into solid and liquid phases, with further selection of the effective amount of the supernatant. Chromatographic separation of the sample components is performed in the gradient elution mode, followed by the detection of a signal with positive ionization for amiodarone, its metabolite desethylamiodarone, and the internal standard of cinacalcet. This method is used to determine amiodarone and its metabolite desethylamiodarone in human blood serum.EFFECT: method makes it possible to perform sample preparation for the determination of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone in the combined presence in human blood serum by using a unified sample preparation scheme for all analyzed substances using undiluted acetonitrile, centrifuging of the sample once, using cinacalcet as a single internal standard for all analyzed substances, using gradient elution.9 cl, 6 dwg, 5 tbl, 3 ex
Safe protocol of 6 week physical training (aerobic training, resistance training, general improvement training, stretching training and respiratory rehabilitation) adjusted to the clinical state of patients. No resistance set on respiratory muscle trainer (Philips Respironics Threshold IMT).
Phospholipidosis (intracellular phospholipid accumulation) has been observed in some tissues of mice, rats, and dogs given multiple doses of azithromycin. It has been demonstrated in numerous organ systems (e.g., eye, dorsal root ganglia, liver, gallbladder, kidney, spleen, and/or pancreas) in dogs treated with azithromycin at doses which, expressed on the basis of mg/m2, are approximately one-sixth the recommended adult dose, and in rats treated at doses approximately one-fourth the recommended adult dose. This effect has been shown to be reversible after cessation of azithromycin treatment. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, phospholipidosis has been seen in the rat (50 mg/kg/day dose) at the observed maximal plasma concentration of 1.3 µg/mL (1.6 times the observed Cmax of 0.821 µg/mL at the adult dose of 2 g.) Similarly, it has been shown in the dog (10 mg/kg/day dose) at the observed maximal serum concentration of 1 µg/mL (1.2 times the observed Cmax of 0.821 µg/mL at the adult dose of 2 g). 

Phospholipidosis was also observed in neonatal rats dosed for 18 days at 30 mg/kg/day, which is less than the pediatric dose of 60 mg/kg on a mg/m2 basis, but was not observed in neonatal rats treated for 10 days at 40 mg/kg/day with mean maximal serum concentrations of 1.86 µg/ml, approximately 1.5 times the Cmax of 1.27 µg/ml at the pediatric dose. Phospholipidosis has been observed in neonatal dogs (10 mg/kg/day) at maximum mean whole blood concentrations of 3.54 µg/ml, approximately 3 times the pediatric dose Cmax.

The significance of the finding for animals and for humans is unknown.
PURPOSE: A composition containing Zizania latifolia extract for treating allergy is provided to suppress cytokine activation and beta-hexosaminidase release. CONSTITUTION: A composition for treating allergy contains 0.02-30 weight% of Zizania latifolia extract as an active ingredient. The Zizania latifolia extract is a non-polar solvent soluble fraction. The Zizania latifolia extract is a fraction prepared by fractioning with n-hexane, chloroform(CHCl_3), or ethyl acetate(EtOAc) solvent. The composition is a cosmetic, external use skin formulation, or health food for relieving allergy. A method for preparing the Zizania latifolia extract comprises: a step of preparing Zizania latifolia; a step of extracting Zizania latifolia with low alcohol to prepare a crude extract of Zizania latifolia; a step of isolating the crude extract with a non-polar solvent.
Dorsal scapular nerve syndrome typically presents with a weakness of the levator scapulae and the rhomboid muscles, and results in a winged scapula. A winged scapula is where the scapula protrudes from the patient's back and can affect the ability to lift objects or pull and push. The winging of the scapula seen with dorsal scapular nerve syndrome is not as severe as seen as injury or paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle.

Dorsal scapular nerve entrapment is a very under-recognized cause of neck and shoulder pain. The scapular winging may be subtle, and the symptoms are easily mistaken for other problems. A careful history and physical exam, along with a high index of suspicion, are necessary for accurate diagnosis and therefore appropriate treatment. Injection of the dorsal scapular nerve under ultrasound guidance can be diagnostic as well as therapeutic.
In Propofol group, anesthesia will be will be induced with Propofol TCI \[target controlled infusion pump - Injectomat® TIVA Agilia (Fresenius Kabi)\] using Schneider model to achieve target site concentration of 4-6mcg/ml, fentanyl citrate 2mcg/kg and atracurium besylate 0.5mg /kg to facilitate LMA placement. Anaesthesia will be maintained with TCI propofol at 3 - 6 mcg/ml as effect site concentration to maintain BIS 40-60.
When floxuridine is given by rapid intra-arterial injection it is apparently rapidly catabolized to 5-fluorouracil. Thus, rapid injection of floxuridine produces the same toxic and antimetabolic effects as does 5-fluorouracil. The primary effect is to interfere with the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and to a lesser extent inhibit the formation of ribonucleic acid (RNA). However, when floxuridine is given by continuous intra-arterial infusion its direct anabolism to floxuridine-monophosphate is enhanced, thus increasing the inhibition of DNA.

Floxuridine is metabolized in the liver. The drug is excreted intact and as urea, fluorouracil, a-fluoro-b-ureidopropionic acid, dihydrofluorouracil, a-fluoro-b-guanidopropionic acid and a-fluoro-b-alanine in the urine; it is also expired as respiratory carbon dioxide. Pharmacokinetic data on intra-arterial infusion of floxuridine are not available.
BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) represents a significant clinical challenge. Two diagnostic scoring tools have been developed to aid the noninvasive diagnosis of HFpEF: the HFA-PEFF (Heart Failure Association Pre-test assessment, Echocardiography and natriuretic peptide, Functional testing, Final etiology) and the H2FPEF scoring systems.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of these 2 scoring tools for the diagnosis of HFpEF against a gold standard of invasive evaluation in a cohort of patients with AF.
METHODS: The authors recruited consecutive patients with symptomatic AF and preserved ejection fraction who were scheduled for an AF ablation procedure. Gold-standard invasive diagnosis of HFpEF was performed at the AF ablation procedure using mean left atrial pressure at rest and following infusion of 500 mL fluid. Each participant was scored according to the noninvasive HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scoring systems. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed to assess the accuracy of these scoring systems in diagnosing HFpEF.
RESULTS: In total, 120 participants were recruited. HFpEF was diagnosed invasively in 88 (73.3%) participants, whereas 32 (26.7%) had no HFpEF. Using the HFA-PEFF score, 38 (31.7%) participants had a high probability of HFpEF and 82 (68.3%) had low/intermediate probability of HFpEF. Using the H2FPEF tool, 72 (60%) participants had a high probability of HFpEF and 48 (40%) had intermediate probability. A high HFA-PEFF (≥5 points) score could diagnose HFpEF with a sensitivity of 40% and a specificity of 91%, and a high H2FPEF score (≥6 points) could diagnose HFpEF with a sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 66%. Overall diagnostic accuracy was similar using both tools (AUC: 0.663 vs 0.707, respectively; P = 0.636).
CONCLUSIONS: Against a gold standard of invasively diagnosed HFpEF, the HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores demonstrate only moderate accuracy in patients with AF and should be utilized with caution in this cohort of patients. (Characterising Left Atrial Function and Compliance in Atrial Fibrillation; ACTRN12620000639921).
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by excessive reticuloendothelial platelet destruction and inadequate compensatory platelet production. However, the pathogenesis of ITP is relatively complex, and its exact mechanisms and etiology have not been definitively established. The gut microbiome, namely a diverse community of symbiotic microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal system, affects health through involvement in human metabolism, immune modulation, and maintaining physiological balance. Emerging evidence reveals that the gut microbiome composition differs in patients with ITP compared to healthy individuals, which is related with platelet count, disease duration, and response to treatment. These findings suggest that the microbiome and metabolome profiles of individuals could unveil a new pathway for aiding diagnosis, predicting prognosis, assessing treatment response, and formulating personalized therapeutic approaches for ITP. However, due to controversial reports, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn, and further investigations are needed.
BACKGROUNDS: Glioma stands as one of the most formidable brain tumor types, with patient outcomes remaining bleak even in the face of advancements in treatment modalities. FBXW4, a constituent of the F-box and WD repeat domain-containing protein family, is recognized for its participation in diverse cellular activities, including those related to tumor dynamics. Yet, the therapeutic relevance and specific role of FBXW4 in the context of glioma are not well defined. This study aims to elucidate the functional dynamics and significance of FBXW4 in glioma cases.
METHODS: This research undertook a comprehensive analysis of FBXW4's expression patterns and clinical relevance in glioma by harnessing data from the TCGA and GTEx databases.
RESULTS: The investigation revealed a distinct downregulation of FBXW4 in glioma tissues compared to normal brain counterparts, with a pronounced correlation between FBXW4 levels and disease severity. Intriguingly, FBXW4 expression inversely related to WHO tumor grades, with the most advanced grade IV gliomas exhibiting the lowest FBXW4 levels, whereas grade II tumors demonstrated the highest. Cases presenting with IDH1/2 mutations or 1p/19q codeletions were also associated with elevated FBXW4 levels. Furthermore, diminished FBXW4 expression aligned with an increased risk of mortality.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that FBXW4 holds promise as a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic avenue in glioma management. Nonetheless, future research is imperative to decode the intricate signaling pathways involving FBXW4 and to understand its broader clinical ramifications in glioma treatment paradigms.
PURPOSE: To obtain skin external agent containing a water-soluble rutin and an anti-inflammatory agent as active components, having high stability and excellent anti-inflammatory and beautifying effect, and accordingly capable of exhibiting strong suppressing effect against the inflammation of skin by sunburn and the pigmentation after sunburn. CONSTITUTION: This external agent contains a water-soluble rutin [preferably, α-glycosylrutin of the formula (R is glucose, mannose, etc.); the content of rutin is 10-85wt.%] and an anti-inflammatory agent (preferably, glycyrrhizinic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, an extract of chamomile, etc.) as active components. The content of the water-soluble rutin is preferably 0.00001-5wt.% in terms of rutin. That of the anti-inflammatory agent is preferably 0.01-3wt.%. Further, α- glycosylrutin of the formula is obtained e.g. by mixing rutin with starchiness such as dextrin followed by an enzymatic reaction.
FIELD: medicine, dermatology, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to pharmaceutical composition exhibiting efficiency against cutaneous diseases. Pharmaceutical composition comprises macrolide compound, for example, tricyclic compound FK506 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, promoter of dissolving/absorption, pharmaceutical base, combining agent and thickening agent. Said composition satisfies to requirements of stability, absorption kinetics and low irritation potential. EFFECT: valuable properties of composition. 6 cl, 4 tbl, 6 ex
Anemia is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a value of hemoglobin (Hb) \< 130 g/L in men and \< 120 g/L in women. Anemia in surgical patients is a common and serious problem, in fact up to 40% of patients presenting for major surgery are anemic. Patients with pre-operative anemia have significantly higher rates of morbidity and mortality and are likely to receive red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. In turn, RBC are independently associated with worse outcome. Preoperative anemia mainly results from inadequate erythropoiesis owing to iron deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has a complex origin, including either absolute or functional iron deficiency (or iron sequestration). In absolute iron deficiency, iron stores are severely decreased, resulting in anaemia (IDA). Conversely, functional iron deficiency refers to insufficient iron mobilization despite normal or elevated iron stores (iron deficient erythropoiesis, IDE).The most rapid and simple method to correct anaemia is RBC transfusion. More than 30% of cardiac patients receives blood products in the peri-operative phase. However, blood transfusion itself is not without risk: in the setting of cardiac patients, even a single unit of blood transfused is reported to be associated to increased morbidity and mortality. Specifically, blood transfusions in cardiac surgery are associated with infections, ischemic postoperative morbidity, hospital stay, increased early and late mortality, and greater hospital costs. Preoperative correction of iron deficiency, with or without anaemia, is an integral part of the concept of the Patient Blood Management (PBM). Iron supplementation would increase the availability of iron stores and would trigger the process of erythropoiesis; the consequent relative lack of vitamin B12 and folic acid makes fundamental to restore also these 2 vitamins.

The objective of this study is to assess whether to implement an adequate correction of IDA and IDE according to current PBM recommendations might reduce RBC transfusion requirements in patients undergoing heart surgery. Data obtained in patients included in the study will be compared to those of a case-control population selected from patients consecutively treated at the same department in the previous 2 years.
For patients in the 3TB+12SB group, urologists firstly obtained three-core TB from the lesion within the mpMRI suspicious lesion. Then urologists obtained fore-zone 12-core SB.
Musculoskeletal disorders constitute an heterogeneous group of diseases which represent one of the major causes of disability. These include degenerative, traumatic, genetic, metabolic and primitive and secondary tumor illnesses. Among the pathologies of the musculoskeletal system are extremely widespread and rare. Among the earliest can be illnesses such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis which, due to their high frequency in the population, have a high impact not only at the personal but also at social level. The study of these pathologies to identify new therapeutic targets is therefore a goal of great strategic importance. In the oncological field, the skeleton is also one of the most common metastatic sites along with lung, brain and liver. Bone metastases have devastating effects on the quality of life of affected patients and result from the activation of extremely complex molecular mechanisms whose comprehension would allow identification of targets for their prevention and treatment, a key goal to date still reached. Unlike secondary bone tumors, primary tumors are a rare group of tumors. As such, research into these types of pathologies has often been limited by the low availability of human samples. Further characterization of these tumors is still necessary to promote proper recognition and improve treatment.

Considering the importance of studying these pathologies, it is necessary to establish a biobank of highly valuable biological material that would be the fundamental basis for the subsequent setting up and activation of research projects. The establishment of biobanks has been a fundamental support for the development of many research projects in a wide variety of fields. Currently there isn't a biobank at IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute. The purpose of this project is therefore the creation of a biobank to investigate relevant aspects related to musculoskeletal disorders through subsequent bio-molecular characterization studies.
Two sequential study period. In Period 1, subject receive AMX0035 daily for approximately 14 days. In Period 2, subjects receive AMX0035 twice a day, morning and evening, for up to 25 days.
Aims: the study aimed to (i) use adeno-associated virus technology to modulate parvalbumin (PV) gene expression, both through overexpression and silencing, within the hippocampus of male mice and (ii) assess the impact of PV on the metabolic pathway of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Methods: a status epilepticus (SE) mouse model was established by injecting kainic acid into the hippocampus of transgenic mice. When the seizures of mice reached SE, the mice were killed at that time point and 30 min after the onset of SE. Hippocampal tissues were extracted and the mRNA and protein levels of PV and the 65 kDa (GAD65) and 67 kDa (GAD67) isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. The concentrations of glutamate and GABA were detected with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the intracellular calcium concentration was detected using flow cytometry. Results: we demonstrate that the expression of PV is associated with GAD65 and GAD67 and that PV regulates the levels of GAD65 and GAD67. PV was correlated with calcium concentration and GAD expression. Interestingly, PV overexpression resulted in a reduction in calcium ion concentration, upregulation of GAD65 and GAD67, elevation of GABA concentration, reduction in glutamate concentration, and an extension of seizure latency. Conversely, PV silencing induced the opposite effects. Conclusion: parvalbumin may affect the expression of GAD65 and GAD67 by regulating calcium ion concentration, thereby affecting the metabolic pathways associated with glutamate and GABA. In turn, this contributes to the regulation of seizure activity.
PURPOSE: A Campsis grandifolia K. Schum extract is provided to suppress the activities of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reversetranscriptase and glucosidase and HIV replication, thereby treating AIDS and preventing HIV infection. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for preventing virus contains a Campsis grandifolia K. Schum extract. The extract is a water soluble extract or an alcohol extract. Alcohol includes 10-100% ethanol or 10-100% methanol. The extract is prepared from Campsis grandifolia K. Schum leaves, stems, flowers, petals, and roots. An HIV transcriptase inhibitor contains the extract. [Reference numerals] (AA) Leaf water extract; (BB) Leaf methanol extract; (CC) Stem water extract; (DD) Stem methanol extract; (EE) Concentratoin (ug/ml)
Potassium Chloride in Dextrose Injection, USP is a sterile and nonpyrogenic solution in water for injection. This solution is for administration by intravenous infusion only.

See Table for summary of content and characteristics of this solution.

This solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer and is intended only for use as a single-dose injection. When smaller doses are required the unused portion should be discarded.

This solution is a parenteral fluid, nutrient and electrolyte replenisher.

Dextrose, USP is chemically designated D-glucose monohydrate (C6H12O6 ∙ H2O), a hexose sugar freely soluble in water. It has the following structural formula:

Potassium Chloride, USP is chemically designated KCl, a white granular powder freely soluble in water.

Water for Injection, USP is chemically designated H2O.

The flexible plastic container is fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinyl chloride. Water can permeate from inside the container into the overwrap but not in amounts sufficient to affect the solution significantly. Solutions in contact with the plastic container may leach out certain chemical components from the plastic in very small amounts; however, biological testing was supportive of the safety of the plastic container materials. Exposure to temperatures above 25°C/77°F during transport and storage will lead to minor losses in moisture content. Higher temperatures lead to greater losses. It is unlikely that these minor losses will lead to clinically significant changes within the expiration period.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The use of antineoplastic drugs, such as cisplatin, in clinical practice can cause adverse effects in patients, such as liver injury, which limits their long-term use. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative therapeutic strategies or drugs to minimize cisplatin-induced liver injury. Huangqi, the root of Astragalus membranaceus, is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been employed in treating diverse liver injuries. Astragalus membranaceus contains several bioactive constituents, including triterpenoid saponins, one of which, astragaloside IV (ASIV), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant stress properties. However, its potential in ameliorating cisplatin-induced liver injury has not been explored.
AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective of this study was to examine the mechanism by which ASIV protects against cisplatin-induced liver injury.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study established a model of cisplatin-induced liver injury in mice, followed by treatment with various doses of astragaloside IV (40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg). In addition, a model of hepatocyte ferroptosis in AML-12 cells was established using RSL3. The mechanism of action of astragaloside IV was investigated using a range of methods, including Western blot assay, qPCR, immunofluorescence, histochemistry, molecular docking, and high-content imaging system.
RESULTS: The findings suggested a significant improvement in hepatic injury, inflammation and oxidative stress phenotypes with the administration of ASIV. Furthermore, network pharmacological analyses provided evidence that a major pathway for ASIV to attenuate cisplatin-induced hepatic injury entailed the cell death cascade pathway. It was observed that ASIV effectively inhibited ferroptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Subsequent experimental outcomes provided further validation of ASIV's ability to hinder ferroptosis through the inhibition of PPARα/FSP1 signaling pathway. The current findings suggest that ASIV could function as a promising phytotherapy composition to alleviate cisplatin-induced liver injury.
CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest that astragaloside IV could function as a promising phytotherapy composition to alleviate cisplatin-induced liver injury.