anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The present invention is related to pyrrolidine derivatives of formula (I). Said compounds are preferably for use as pharmaceutically active compounds. Specifically, pyrrolidine derivatives of formula (I) are useful in the treatment and or prevention of premature labor, premature birth and dysmenorrhea. In particular, the present invention is related to pyrrolidine derivatives displaying a substantial modulatory, notably an antagonist activity of the oxytocin receptor. More preferably, said compounds are useful in the treatment and or prevention of disease states mediated by oxytocin, including premature labor, premature birth and dysmenorrhea. The present invention is furthermore related to novel pyrrolidine derivatives as well as to methods of their preparation, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of CR6R7, NOR6, NNR6R7; A is selected from the group consisting of (C=O) , (C=O) O , C(=NH) , (C=O) NH , (C=S) NH, SO22 , SO2NH , CH2 ,B is either a group (C=O) NR8R9 or represents a heterocyclic residue having the formula (a) wherein Q is NR10, O or S; n is an integer selected of 0, 1 or 2; Y, Z and E form together with the 2 carbons to which they are attached a 5 6 membered aryl or heteroaryl ring.
BACKGROUND: Gastroparesis is a motility disorder of the stomach characterized by cardinal symptoms and delayed gastric emptying of solid food in the absence of mechanical obstruction. There is significant unmet need in its management, and essentially there are no medications approved for its treatment over four decades.
PURPOSE: The objectives of this review are to develop an understanding of the goals of treatment, the evidence-based criteria for treatment success based on the current scientific understanding of gastroparesis as well as patient response outcomes, and to propose evidence-based principles for the successful development of treatments for gastroparesis. Specifically, we discuss the pathophysiologic targets in gastroparesis, eligibility criteria for clinical trial participation based on validated gastric emptying studies, and the patient response outcome measures that have been validated to appraise effects of treatment on clinically relevant outcomes. These considerations lead to recommendations regarding eligibility, design, and duration of proof-of-efficacy studies, and to endorsing the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index Daily Diary as a validated patient response outcome and to justification of the shortening of proof-of-efficacy, placebo-controlled clinical trials to 4 weeks treatment duration after a baseline period. We believe that such approaches will increase the likelihood of successful assessment of efficacy of novel approaches to treating patients with gastroparesis.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an oil-in-water type emulsion with excellent storing stability and slow release properties without requiring an org. solvent by a method wherein water, an oily substance, a polymer surfactant and a low molecular surfactant are stirred and mixed in a specified temp. and after temp. is elevated, it is cooled and a water-insoluble solid particle is incorporated and mixed therein. SOLUTION: Water (a), an oily effective ingredient or/and an oily substance consisting of an oily liq. (b), a polymer surfactant (c) and a low molecular surfactant (d) are prepd. as a compsn. Then, these compsn. are stirred and mixed while they are kept at 40 deg.C or lower and the system temp. is elevated up to a point where the system is gelated and the temp. is further elevated to convert the system into a W/O emulsion.  Then, after the phase is converted, the system is cooled down to a temp. before gelation and a water-insoluble solid particle consisting of a solid effective ingredient or/and a solid auxiliary additive (a viscosity adjusting agent, a preservative, a mildewproofing agent, a defoaming agent, etc.), is added and the mixture is furthermore stirred and mixed while it is kept at 40 deg.C or lower to obtain an oil-in-water type emulsion being stable after dilution with water.
### Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy

In 2 randomized, double-blind, monotherapy trials, a single 24 mg ondansetron hydrochloride tablet was superior to a relevant historical placebo control in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy, including cisplatin ≥50 mg/m2. Steroid administration was excluded from these clinical trials. More than 90% of patients receiving a cisplatin dose ≥50 mg/m2 in the historical placebo comparator experienced vomiting in the absence of antiemetic therapy.

The first trial compared oral doses of ondansetron 24 mg once-a-day, 8 mg twice-a-day, and 32 mg once-a-day in 357 adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy regimens containing cisplatin ≥50 mg/m2. A total of 66% of patients in the ondansetron 24 mg once-a-day group, 55% in the ondansetron 8 mg twice-a-day group, and 55% in the ondansetron 32 mg once-a-day group completed the 24-hour study period with 0 emetic episodes and no rescue antiemetic medications, the primary endpoint of efficacy. Each of the 3 treatment groups was shown to be statistically significantly superior to a historical placebo control.

In the same trial, 56% of patients receiving oral ondansetron 24 mg once-a-day experienced no nausea during the 24-hour study period, compared with 36% of patients in the oral ondansetron 8 mg twice-a-day group (p = 0.001) and 50% in the oral ondansetron 32 mg once-a-day group.

In a second trial, efficacy of the oral ondansetron 24 mg once-a-day regimen in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy, including cisplatin ≥50 mg/m2, was confirmed.
Aim: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of seven screening strategies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in China. Methods: A discrete event simulation model combining a decision tree and Markov structure was developed to simulate a CHB cohort aged ≥40 years on a lifetime horizon and evaluate the costs and health outcomes (quality-adjusted life years [QALYs] gained) of ultrasonography (US), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II), AFP+US, AFP+PIVKA-II, GAAD (a diagnostic algorithm based on gender and age combined with results of AFP and PIVKA-II) and GAAD+US. Epidemiologic, clinical performance, utility and cost data were obtained from the literature, expert interviews and real-world data. Uncertainties on key parameters were explored through deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (DSA and PSA). Results: Compared with other strategies, GAAD+US detected the most HCC patients at early stage, and GAAD was the screening strategy with the lowest average cost per HCC case diagnosed. Using 3× China's 2022 GDP per capita ($38,233.34) as the threshold, the three strategies of US, GAAD and GAAD+US formed a cost-effectiveness frontier. Screening with US, GAAD, or GAAD+US was associated with costs of $6110.46, $7622.05 and $8636.32, and QALYs of 13.18, 13.48 and 13.52, respectively. The ICER of GAAD over US was $4993.39/QALY and the ICER of GAAD+US over GAAD was $26,691.45/QALY, which was less than 3× GDP per capita. Both DSA and PSA proved the stability of the results. Conclusion: GAAD+US was the most cost-effective strategy for early HCC diagnosis among CHB patients which could be considered as the liver cancer screening scheme for the high-risk population in China.
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm neonates presents a high risk for developing posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD), a severe complication that can impact survival and long-term outcomes. Early detection of PHVD before clinical onset is crucial for optimizing therapeutic interventions and providing accurate parental counseling. This study explores the potential of explainable machine learning models based on targeted liquid biopsy proteomics data to predict outcomes in preterm neonates with IVH. In recent years, research has focused on leveraging advanced proteomic technologies and machine learning to improve prediction of neonatal complications, particularly in relation to neurological outcomes. Machine learning (ML) approaches, combined with proteomics, offer a powerful tool to identify biomarkers and predict patient-specific risks. However, challenges remain in integrating large-scale, multiomic datasets and translating these findings into actionable clinical tools. Identifying reliable, disease-specific biomarkers and developing explainable ML models that clinicians can trust and understand are key barriers to widespread clinical adoption. In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, we analyzed 1109 liquid biopsy samples from 99 preterm neonates with IVH, collected at up to six timepoints over 13 years. Various explainable ML techniques-including statistical, regularization, deep learning, decision trees, and Bayesian methods-were employed to predict PHVD development and survival and to discover disease-specific protein biomarkers. Targeted proteomic analyses were conducted using serum and urine samples through a proximity extension assay capable of detecting low-concentration proteins in complex biofluids. The study identified 41 significant independent protein markers in the 1600 calculated ML models that surpassed our rigorous threshold (AUC-ROC of ≥0.7, sensitivity ≥ 0.6, and selectivity ≥ 0.6), alongside gestational age at birth, as predictive of PHVD development and survival. Both known biomarkers, such as neurofilament light chain (NEFL), and novel biomarkers were revealed. These findings underscore the potential of targeted proteomics combined with ML to enhance clinical decision-making and parental counseling, though further validation is required before clinical implementation.
Following lumbar plexus nerve block administration using bupivacaine and epinephrine, 4 mg of systemic dexamethasone will be administered to this group intravenously. The volume given intravenously will be identical for all groups.
As machine learning has progressed, it has gradually merged into oncology studies. In this invention, a machine learning based approach to endometrial cancer patient care treatment decision is presented that develops a machine learning model to predict whether an endometrial cancer patient needs to have a uterus removed and helps a gynecologist determine the likelihood that an endometrial cancer patient will retain fertility treatment. A clinical dataset was analyzed for 1534 women with endometrial cancer. A BorderlineSMOTE algorithm is adopted to solve the problem of data imbalance, and an AdaBoost algorithm is used to establish a high-performance integrated classification model. The invention results show that the method is superior to the traditional machine learning model and provides a realistic strategy for making treatment decisions that preserve fertility. The proposed model provides a platform for the physician to accurately predict the likelihood of a conservation treatment for an endometrial cancer patient, enabling the gynecologist to select the best treatment for the patient, and reducing the risk of wasting resources and over-treatment.
Method for optimization of disease analysis and identification by multi-data correlation fusion of characterization, blood, and medical image data using artificial intelligence theory, and smart recognition and smart analysis technology. Using an improved correlation method, the diagnostic gain is calculated by summing the probabilities of confirmed diagnosis for various types of features, and a genetic optimization method is improved. Confirmation conditions are satisfied, and diagnostic gain is optimized. The optimal combination of feature data for each minimized diagnostic gain is obtained. By utilizing artificial intelligence and optimization theory, problems such as the application of single-data diagnosis, low diagnostic efficiency, and inaccurate diagnosis are solved, and problems such as unnecessary medical data affecting medical diagnosis, resulting in medical diagnosis and analysis being inaccurate. Using multi-data fusion, correlation, decimation of blood data, image data, and characterization feature correlation rules, optimization theory is applied to decimate a combination of features for multi-data fusion, and the combination of features for multi-data fusion is calculated, increasing the efficiency of inference analysis.
Forty patients with Child-Pugh class B and C cirrhosis will be randomized in a 1.5:1 ratio to test and control arms. Patients in the test arm will receive probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii (A07FA02 - Saccharomyces (Enterol) Biocodex Ltd, France, registration number LP-000622 from 21.09.2011) for 3 months, patients in the control arm will receive placebo for 3 months. All patients also will receive standard treatment: spironolactone 100 mg/day in ascites and carvedilol 12.5 mg/day in esophageal varices. The patients will be blinded. At inclusion and after 3 months after starting of probiotic/placebo treatment, systemic hemodynamics parameters (cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance), liver function (serum albumin and total bilirubin level, international normalized ratio, presence and degree of ascites or hepatic encephalopathy), the gut microbiome, biomarkers of bacterial translocation (presepsin, lipopolysaccharide), intestinal permeability (claudin 3), systemic inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha ) and endothelial dysfunction (nitrites, endothelin) will be assessed. After the end of the study, an interim analysis of the effect of the probiotic on aforementioned systemic hemodynamics and liver function indicators will be carried out. If there is a positive effect, a full analysis of all the aforementioned factors contributing to its development will be performed.
OBJECTIVE: Resections of symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) are mainly performed via an endonasal transsphenoidal approach. However, there is a lack of equivalent data in current literature concerning transcranial keyhole approach in the treatment of RCCs. In order to find general recommendations for the surgical treatment of RCCs also with regard to recurrence, the object of this study is the analysis and comparison of both techniques.
METHODS: Twenty-nine patients having been surgically treated between January 2004 and August 2019 were retrospectively analysed. The transsphenoidal approach was chosen in 16 cases and the transcranial keyhole approach in 13 cases. Both surgical techniques were analyzed and compared concerning preoperative symptoms and cyst characteristics, complications, surgical radicality, endocrinological and ophthalmological outcome and recurrences in patients´ follow up.
RESULTS: The postoperative outcome of both techniques was identic and showed highly satisfying success rates with 92% for neurological deficits, 82% for endocrinological dysfunctions and 86% for visual deficits. In contrast, momentous postoperative complications were significantly more likely after transsphenoidal operations. After a mean follow-up time of 5.7 years, the recurrence rates of both cohorts were the same with 0% each.
CONCLUSIONS: Regarding its equal outcome with its lower complication rate, the authors suggest using the supraorbital keyhole approach for RCCs whose anatomical configuration allow both techniques. Yet, the decision should always consider the surgeon's personal experience and other individual patient characteristics. Further studies with higher numbers of cases and longer follow-up periods are necessary to analyse the effect of the selected approach on recurrence.
INTRODUCTION: Menopause is a normal developmental stage in a woman's life marking the permanent cessation of menstruation. Periodontitis and osteoporosis are noteworthy health concerns in post-menopausal women. Calprotectin is an inflammatory biomarker for precise diagnosis of periodontal disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed to evaluate the variations in salivary calprotectin levels and bone mineral density in post-menopausal women with and without chronic periodontitis. The study included 24 post-menopausal women aged 45-57 years and was divided into group 1 (12 post-menopausal women without chronic periodontitis) and group 2 (12 post-menopausal women with chronic periodontitis). Unstimulated salivary samples, panoramic radiographs and clinical examination were performed.
RESULTS: The collected samples were combined with CALPRO antibody with horseradish peroxide (HRP) that results in the formation of antigen-antibody complex. Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) solution was added that turned blue. Colour change was measured at 450nm. A human ELISA kit was used. Data collected were sent for statistical analysis.
DISCUSSION: There was a statistically significant difference in salivary calprotectin levels between groups 1 and 2 ( P = 0.016) and no statistical difference in mean bone mineral density levels between the two groups ( P = 0.235). A positive correlation was seen between salivary calprotectin levels and bone mineral density in group 2 ( P = 0.013).
Phosphate-contg. infusion solutions (esp. fully balanced infusion solutions) contain as the phosphate component phosphates which occur in the human organism and either are intermediate products of carbohydrate metabolism or are closely related to such intermediate products. Phosphates are pref. glucose phosphate, fructose phosphate and glycerol phosphate. The infusion solutions pref. additionally contain calcium and/or magnesium ions and pref. have a pH of 5.5-8. The use of organic phosphtes occurring in human carbohydrate metabolism permits infusion solutions to be formulated which are of physiological pH and in which usual incompatibilities with phosphate (e.g. precipitation of Ca ions) are avoided. The phosphates used are non-toxic and are readily broken down by the organism so that optimal incorporation into the metabolism is ensured.
Patients receive tapering doses of dexamethasone on days 1-4. Patients may receive dexamethasone IV and restart the taper if clinically indicated. Patients also undergo blood sample collection at time of surgery, follow up visits and optionally at wound check visit 10-14 days post operative at investigator availability. Patients additionally undergo MRI and CT scan during inpatient stay as part of standard of care.
Participants received two ankle dorsiflexion MWM techniques, with glides applied at fibula and talus. Three sets of 10 repetitions of each techniques, were administrated.
BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal women with obesity are markedly at risk of cognitive impairment and several health issues. Emerging evidence demonstrated that both diet and exercise, particularly physical-cognitive exercise are involved in cognitive and health benefits. However, the comparative effect of diet, exercise, and combined interventions in postmenopausal women with obesity on cognition and cardiometabolic health is still lacking. Identifying the effective health promotion program and understanding changes in cardiometabolic health linking these interventions to cognition would have important medical implications. This RCT aimed to examine the effect of single and combined interventions of diet and exercise on cognitive function and cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal women with obesity.
METHODS: Ninety-two postmenopausal women with obesity were randomly assigned to diet group (intermittent fasting 2 days/week, 3 months), exercise group (physical-cognitive exercise 3 days/week, 3 months), combined group, or control group (n = 23/group). All cognitive outcomes and cardiometabolic outcomes were measured at baseline and post-3 months. Primary outcomes were executive functions, memory, and plasma BDNF levels. Secondary outcomes were global cognition, attention, language domain, plasma adiponectin levels, IL-6 levels, metabolic parameters, and physical function.
RESULTS: At the end of the 3-month intervention, the exercise and combined group demonstrated significant memory improvement which was accompanied by significant improvements in plasma BDNF level, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, %body fat, and muscle strength when compared to controls (p < 0.05). Only the combined intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in executive function and increased plasma adiponectin levels when compared to control (p < 0.05). Surprisingly, no cognitive improvement was observed in the diet group (p > 0.05). Significant reduction in cholesterol levels was shown in the diet and combined groups when compared to controls (p < 0.05). Among the three intervention groups, there were no significant differences in all cognitive outcomes and cardiometabolic outcomes (p > 0.05). However, all three intervention groups showed significant improvements in plasma BDNF levels, weight, BMI, WHR, fat mass, and predicted VO2 max, when compared to control (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that combined physical-cognitive exercise and dietary intervention are promising interventions to improve cognition and obesity-related complications of postmenopausal women with obesity.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04768725 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov ) 24th February 2021.
PURPOSE: A composition containing plant extracts for preventing or treating inflammatory diseases is provided to suppress No and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) generations without cytotoxicity. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition contains Philadelphus schrenkii Rup. var. schnenkii or Allium microdictyon Prokh extract as an active ingredient. The extract is isolated using water, C1-C4 low alcohol, or mixture thereof. The low alcohol is methanole or ethanol. Inflammatory disease is used for treating and preventing by administering Philadelphus schrenkii Rup. var. schnenkii or Allium microdictyon Prokh extract in the amount of suppressing inflammation. A health food composition of functional feed composition contiains Philadelphus schrenkii Rup. var. schnenkii or Allium microdictyon Prokh extract as an active ingredient.
Group 2 will receive diluted EXPAREL (i.e., the contents of one 20 mL vial, 266 mg, diluted with 20 mL of preservative-free 0.9% normal saline to a total of 40 mL) for postsurgical analgesia. Half of the resulting mixture (i.e., 20 mL) will be administered via local infiltration into each surgical site per the surgeon's normal practice at the beginning of surgery.