anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Fatigue is a common problem for many people with HIV/AIDS, interfering with daily activities and serving as a significant barrier to working among those whose health is otherwise stable or restored by antiretroviral (ARV) medication. Fatigue in HIV is associated with disability and diminished quality of life. It may be caused by ARVs or by the virus itself. A related study tested whether modafinil, of which armodafinil is an r-isomer, could reduce fatigue in HIV/AIDS patients. Armodafinil, believed to have a longer duration and greater effect than modafinil, will be tested on the same criteria.

Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either armodafinil or a placebo daily for 4 weeks. Participants randomized to active medication and who show improvements in symptoms will be offered armodafinil for an additional 12 weeks. For them, the study duration is 16 weeks. Participants who did not receive armodafinil will be offered armodafinil for 16 weeks. For these participants, the study duration is 20 weeks. Participants who did not benefit from armodafinil will receive alternate treatment options. All participants will have weekly study visits for the first 4 weeks of the study and biweekly visits for the remainder of the study. At each visit, participants will complete various tasks to determine cognitive function, and self-report scales will be used to determine symptoms of depression and fatigue. After completion of 16 weeks, participants responding to armodafinil will be transitioned to the publicly available modafinil over the course of 2 weeks.
Current advances in the management of the autonomic nervous system in various cardiovascular diseases, and in treatments for pain or sympathetic disturbances in the head, neck, or upper limbs, necessitate a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the cervicothoracic sympathetic trunk. Our objective was to enhance our understanding of the origin and distribution of communicating branches and visceral cervicothoracic sympathetic nerves in human fetuses. This was achieved through a comprehensive topographic systematization of the branching patterns observed in the cervical and upper thoracic ganglia, along with the distribution of communicating branches to each cervical spinal nerve. We conducted detailed sub-macroscopic dissections of the cervical and thoracic regions in 20 human fetuses (40 sides). The superior and cervicothoracic ganglia were identified as the cervical sympathetic ganglia that provided the most communicating branches on both sides. The middle and accessory cervical ganglia contributed the fewest branches, with no significant differences between the right and left sides. The cervicothoracic ganglion supplied sympathetic branches to the greatest number of spinal nerves, spanning from C5 to T2. The distribution of communicating branches to spinal nerves was non-uniform. Notably, C3, C4, and C5 received the fewest branches, and more than half of the specimens showed no sympathetic connections. C1 and C2 received sympathetic connections exclusively from the superior ganglion. Spinal nerves that received more branches often did so from multiple ganglia. The vertebral nerve provided deep communicating branches primarily to C6, with lesser contributions to C7, C5, and C8. The vagus nerve stood out as the cranial nerve with the most direct sympathetic connections. The autonomic branching pattern and connections of the cervicothoracic sympathetic trunk are significantly variable in the fetus. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic trunk and its branches is valuable during autonomic interventions and neuromodulation. This knowledge is particularly relevant for addressing various autonomic cardiac diseases and for treating pain and vascular dysfunction in the head, neck, and upper limbs.
To evaluate the efficacy of a fixed dose of SR58611A(350 mg q12) compared to placebo in patients with MajorDepressive Disorder (MDD) using escitalopram (10 mgqd) as positive control. The present study is an 8-week, double-blind, placebo- and escitalopram-controlled, randomized, parallel-group study. A 1-week, placebo, single-blind period precedes the 8-week randomized treatment period and an optional 18-week, double-blind extension period follows the randomized treatment period. A Safety Follow up Visit is scheduled 1 week after the acute and extension period, or early termination. Escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), an approved treatment for MDD, is chosen as a positive control agent in this study. The dose of 10 mg is within the approved dose range with no need for dose adjustment in elderly patients. This trial is designed to formally compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of SR58611A to placebo. Escitalopram is used as a positive control.
PURPOSE: A pharmaceutical composition containing alpha-galactosylceramide derivativews and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is provided to ensure excellent stability and solubility. CONSTITUTION: An alpha-galactosylceramide derivative is denoted by chemical formula 1. In chemical formula 1, n is 5-15 and X or Y is 0-13 integer. A pharmaceutical composition for immunoadjuvant contains the novel alpha-galactosylceramide derivative or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient. The pharmaceutical composition is singly administered or administered by loading to dendritic cells or B cells. An oral or mucosal vaccine contains the pharmaceutical composition.
The invention discloses a whitening cream and relates to the cosmetic field. The whitening cream comprises a component A, a component B, a component C, and a component D. The component A comprises hydrogenated lecithin, stearate, cetostearyl alcohol, polydimethylsiloxane, cyclomethicone, triethylhexanoin, tocopherol, phytosterol, fruit grease oil of avocado tree, and methyl paraben. The component B comprises water, a humectant, sodium hyaluronate, and butylene glycol. The component C comprises polyacrylamide and C13-C14 isoparaffin. The component D comprises diglycerin, resveratrol, arbutin, fermentation product of chlorella/white lupin protein, and an antiseptic. The formula is reasonable. The whitening cream is user-friendly, and can prevent the generation of melanin, repair damaged skin, retain the water of skin, and whiten the skin.
Naloxone (NAL) .4 mg. Administered intravenously, while participants were under 2, 8 and 24 sublingual (SL) Bup maintenance conditions.
Obesity, a global health crisis, is fueled by shifts in behavior and environmental factors, notably increased consumption of energy-dense processed foods and inadequate dietary fiber. Traditional weight loss methods pose safety challenges. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a promising dietary fiber supplement, aids weight management. However, CMC-based hydrogels have mechanical weaknesses and poor gastrointestinal retention. A new dual-network structured hydrogel here was introduced to address these issues, maintaining volume and elasticity in the digestive system without adding calories, reducing caloric density, and enhancing food elasticity for prolonged satiety. The study assessed four distinct hydrogels, analyzing their mechanical characteristics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and biomimetic digestion to identify promising options for clinical development. This dual-network hydrogel exhibits a mechanical strength up to 100 times that of the original gel, while its swelling rate throughout the digestion process is approximately twice that of the original gel. This offers a potential solution for obesity management, providing sustained satiety and addressing the mechanical deficiencies of current hydrogels within the digestive system.
EMTRIVA is the brand name of emtricitabine (FTC), a synthetic nucleoside analog with activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase.

The chemical name of FTC is 5-fluoro-1-(2R,5S)-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine. Emtricitabine is the (-) enantiomer of a thio analog of cytidine, which differs from other cytidine analogs in that it has a fluorine in the 5-position.

It has a molecular formula of C8H10FN3O3S and a molecular weight of 247.24. It has the following structural formula:

Emtricitabine is a white to off-white powder with a solubility of approximately 112 mg/mL in water at 25 °C. The partition coefficient (log P) for FTC is −0.43 and the pKa is 2.65.

EMTRIVA is available as capsules or as an oral solution.

EMTRIVA capsules are for oral administration. Each capsule contains 200 mg of FTC and the inactive ingredients crospovidone, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone, titanium dioxide, gelatin, and FD&C blue No. 2.

EMTRIVA oral solution is for oral administration. One milliliter (1 mL) of EMTRIVA oral solution contains 10 mg of FTC in an aqueous solution with the following inactive ingredients: cotton candy flavor, FD&C yellow No. 6, edetate disodium, methylparaben and propylparaben (added as preservatives), sodium phosphate (monobasic), propylene glycol, water, and xylitol (added as a sweetener). Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid may be used to adjust pH.
Although long-term survival in Rett syndrome (RTT) has been observed, limited information on older people with RTT exists. We hypothesized that increased longevity in RTT would be associated with genetic variants in MECP2 associated with milder severity, and that clinical features would not be static in older individuals. To address these hypotheses, we compared the distribution of MECP2 variants and clinical severity between younger individuals with Classic RTT (under 30 years old) and older individuals (over 30 years old). Contrary to expectation, enrichment of a severe MECP2 variant (R106W) was observed in the older cohort. Overall severity was not different between the cohorts, but specific clinical features varied between the cohorts. Overall severity from first to last visit increased in the younger cohort but not in the older cohort. While some specific clinical features in the older cohort were stable from the first to the last visit, others showed improvement or worsening. These data do not support the hypothesis that mild MECP2 variants or less overall severity leads to increased longevity in RTT but demonstrate that clinical features change with increasing age in adults with RTT. Additional work is needed to understand disease progression in adults with RTT.
The catheter is anchored to the skin begins by a point "U" around the catheter insertion site and followed by a series of woven points around the catheter , commonly referred to as " node dancer " to pass the wires on each side of the orifices located at the catheter distal flaps and hold three consecutive nodes . Then, the clamping is carried out of the catheter to the skin by means of a simple point and hold three consecutive nodes in each lateral hole of the fastening flap while leaving, between the fastening flap and the puncture site a space 2 cm distance for viewing the ostium .
The side effects of pyridostigmine bromide tablets are most commonly related to overdosage and generally are of two varieties, muscarinic and nicotinic. Among those in the former group are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, increased peristalsis, increased salivation, increased bronchial secretions, miosis and diaphoresis. Nicotinic side effects are comprised chiefly of muscle cramps, fasciculation and weakness. Muscarinic side effects can usually be counteracted by atropine, but for reasons shown in the preceding section the expedient is not without danger. As with any compound containing the bromide radical, a skin rash may be seen in an occasional patient. Such reactions usually subside promptly upon discontinuance of the medication.
A shape memory polymer (SMP) intraocular lens may have a refractive index above 1.45, a Tg between 10° C. and 60° C., inclusive, de minimis or an absence of glistening, and substantially 100% transmissivity of light in the visible spectrum. The intraocular lens is then rolled at a temperature above Tg of the SMP material. The intraocular device is radially compressed within a die to a diameter of less than or equal to 1.8 mm while maintaining the temperature above Tg. The compressed intraocular lens device may be inserted through an incision less than 2 mm wide in a cornea or sclera or other anatomical structure. The lens can be inserted into the capsular bag, the ciliary sulcus, or other cavity through the incision. The SMP can substantially achieve refractive index values of greater than or equal to 1.45.
Postoperative delirium (PD) is a common problem in cardiac surgical patients. Its incidence varies among studies and can reach up to 50% of the patients. PD is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Its occurrence is the resultant between the predisposing factors and the precipitating factors. Age seems to be a significant predisposing factor. In this regard the pathophysiology of PD is not yet fully understood. There are several hypothetical mechanisms for the development of PD. The first hypothesis is cerebral ischemia and BBB breakdown. The second hypothesis is neuro-inflammation. Peripheral pro-inflammatory mediators especially released during surgery would interact with the brain. Otherwise there is the problem of sleep deprivation/fragmentation in patients admitted to the hospital.

Dexmedetomidine is a potent and more selective alpha2-adrenergic receptor than clonidine. Studies have demonstrated that it has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory actions.

Numerous studies including trials in cardiac surgery have shown a decreased incidence of delirium when Dexmedetomidine was used as sedative in the ICU compared with other sedatives acting on the GABA receptors. However, in these studies high doses of Dexmedetomidine were used for periods up to 24h. Dexmedetomidine was started in the ICU and was not compared in a double-blind fashion with placebo. In a recent randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial a very low dose of Dexmedetomidine decreased the occurrence of PD when compared to placebo. However this study was performed in non-cardiac patients. Moreover the patients were included after their arrival in the ICU, which means that those patients who were intubated at their arrival in the ICU were not included. And again the study medication was only started after arrival in the ICU.

The aim of this study is to elucidate whether the administration of Dexmedetomidine at a low dose would decrease the incidence of PD in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The hypothesis is that Dexmedetomidine at low doses, by only stimulating the alpha2A adrenoceptors,would have neuroprotective affects ans as such decrease the incidence of PD. Dexmedetomidine would also have anti-inflammatory effects and effects on the quality of sleep. Both mechanisms would play a role in the pathophysiology of PD.
BACKGROUND: The management of Crohn's disease (CD) complicated by ileosigmoid fistula (ISF) remains a challenge, and Australian outcomes have not previously been reported.
METHODS: A retrospective review of a tertiary colorectal inflammatory bowel disease unit, across public and private sites, from 2005 to 2023 to identify adult patients having undergone operative management of ISF.
RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients underwent surgery for ISF in the study period. Seventeen were male and the median age was 40 years. The pre-operative diagnosis of ISF was made in 76%, and patients were more likely to undergo resectional surgery if the pre-operative diagnosis was made endoscopically. Sixty-nine percent of cases were performed electively, with 76% completed laparoscopically with an 18.5% conversion rate to an open approach. The ISF was oversewn in three patients, repaired primarily in 14 patients, managed with segmental wedge resection in eight patients and resected via an anterior resection in four patients. The rate of stoma formation at the index procedure was 20.7% overall and 22% in patients being acutely managed with steroids. Emergent cases were more likely to be defunctioned with a stoma. Morbidity was 17.2% with a single anastomotic leak.
CONCLUSION: ISF in CD remains difficult to diagnose pre-operatively, but can be safely managed laparoscopically without formal resection, and with limited use of diverting stoma formation. The specific surgical approach to the sigmoid in ISF is difficult to pre-determine and often requires decisions to be made intra-operatively.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To contribute to achievement of a purpose inherent in an observation sentence of accurately and compactly describing a result of consultation or examination.  <P>SOLUTION: A storage device 32 of a report preparation terminal 13 is stored with a dictionary table 57. The dictionary table 57 is registered with medical terms (input terms) of term selection buttons 51 each selected when preparing the observation sentence. The input term is defined with an attribute of whether the input term shows a normal state from a medical standpoint or shows an abnormal state. An editing processing part 42 prepares the observation sentence based on a selection state of the term selection buttons 51 and the attributes thereof. The editing processing part 42 performs separation of a first clause including the input term showing the normal state and a second clause including the input term showing the abnormal state. The second clause is allocated to the head of the observation sentence, and the first clause is transferred backward.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
PURPOSE: A composition for improving male reproductive function is provided to promote NO(nitrogen oxide) synthesis and ensure erection improvement. CONSTITUTION: A composition for improving male reproductive function contains natokinase and royal jelly as active ingredients in weight ration of 1:2-4. The composition is used in the form of tablet, capsule, pill, powder, suspension, liquid or granule. The composition is health functional composition for preventing and treating male sterility and electile failure. The natokinase is obtained through fermentation using Bacillus subtilis or extraction using nato. The daily dose of active ingredient is 1mg/kg~100mg/kg a day based on adult.
Standard blood pressure cuff placed on upper arm and inflated to 200 mmHg. The cuff is left inflated at this level for 5 minutes and then rapidly deflated to 0 mmHg left deflated for 5 minutes0 this cycle is repeated 4 times in total.
Methods and compositions for treating and inhibiting hypotension are provided. A therapeutic regimen useful in the present invention includes an arginine-free parenteral formulation administered concurrently with or followed by an arginine analog. The combination therapy provides an augmentation of the anti-hypotensive effect found by the present inventors with arginine analogs, such as N.sup.ω -methyl-L-arginine, N.sup.ω -amino-L-arginine or N.sup.ω -nitro-L-arginine. These arginine analogs, otherwise described as nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, provide for a decrease in nitric oxide concentrations, and are demonstrated to elicit an increase in blood pressure in vivo, particularly in animals with cytokine and/or endotoxin induced hypotension. The parenteral formulation of the therapeutic regimen and methods of the invention are arginine-free and provide a decrease in plasma arginine levels. Reduced plasma and tissue levels of arginine in the animal function to augment the hypertensive action of arginine analogs to be administered concurrently or subsequent to administration of the parenteral formulation. This method provides a regiment for treating and/or inhibiting hypotension attendant a variety of conditions, including chemotherapeutic agent therapy (i.e., IFN, TNF), septic shock, trauma, exposure to endotoxins or cytokines, or other condition in which hypotension is attendant. The arginine-free formulations may also include ornithine, citrulline, or both.
After 10-12 h fasting, an OGTT test with 75 g glucose was performed on the participants, showing no glucose metabolism disorder. Another independent day was chosen as the test day, and the participants were asked to no-restrict carbohydrates and not make any changes in their diet in the days before the test. Volunteers were fed 100g of white bread containing only 250 ml of water and 50g of carbohydrate (CH) for breakfast (after 12 hours of fasting). After 1 week, the same participants were fed 250 ml of water and 100g of test bread (consisting of 0.2% Cephalaria Syriaca flour bread) containing 50g of carbohydrates (KH). During the test, venous and capillary blood samples were taken at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes.
Formulations of egg powders with avian antibodies that act as mucosal protectants are provided. The formulations are effective for protecting the mucosal membranes in the pharyngeal area of an individual from viral infections. Formulations effective for reducing infections of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals are provided. Formulations are also effective for reducing transmission of viral disease. The formulations are tablets, candies, gummies, throat lozenges, and powders for administering to the pharyngeal area. Methods for administering the formulations for reducing viral disease such as Covid-19 are disclosed.
Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) has unpredictable severity. Its management is based on initial assessment of disease severity. It ranges from mild interstitial to severe necrotic form; the latter is associated with poor prognosis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen is the gold standard in early detection of pancreatic necrosis and in assessing the severity of AP. Two CT grading systems exist to assess the severity of AP: CT severity Index (CSI) and modified CSI (MCSI). This study compares the usefulness of these two systems in predicting the severity and clinical outcome in AP in comparison with Ranson's criteria and clinical outcome parameters. Methods: This is a prospective hospital-based screening study of 80 patients aged >12 years with clinical diagnosis of AP who underwent contrast-enhanced CT study of the abdomen. Comparative analysis between MCSI and CSI with Ranson's criteria and clinical outcome parameters was assessed by Chi-Squared test. Results: The accuracy of CSI and MCSI in predicting the requirement of critical care, superadded infection, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and requirement of intervention were 73.0%, 64.5%, 69.8% 60.9% and 77.2%, 76.0%, 74.4% & 56.6% respectively. Area under the curve for MCSI score was significantly higher (AUC: 0.861; 95% CI: 0.736-0.986) than CSI score (AUC:0.815;95% CI:0.749-0.941). MCSI and CSI showed significant correlation with Ranson's criteria; however, MCSI correlation was better (r:0.53; p<0.01) than CSI (r:0.35;p:0.04). Conclusion: CSI and MCSI are better predictors of severity, clinical outcome and mortality compared with Ranson's criteria, with MCSI being more accurate and better predictor than CSI. The accuracy of MCSI is better than CSI for prediction of requirement of critical care, development of superadded infection and development of MODS in AP. However, CSI and MCSI have low accuracy in predicting intervention in AP.
Patients receive gemcitabine hydrochloride and cisplatin as in arm I. Patients also receive bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then receive bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.