anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: To determine whether postoperative neck pain in the first 4 weeks following multi-level posterior cervical fusion (PCF) with orthosis is equivalent to multi-level PCF without orthosis.
METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to postoperative orthosis (CO) for 6 weeks or no orthosis (NO). Randomization was stratified by indication (traumatic vs. degenerative), and preoperative opioid use. A model of longitudinal regression for repeated measures was used. The two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to test equivalence. If the CI lay between the pre-determined margin of equivalence (-2.0 to + 2.0 pain score) the two groups were considered equivalent. A multiple imputation procedure was used to replace missing data.
RESULTS: Thirty-one patients were enrolled in each group. At baseline, the CO group had more neck pain (5.3 vs. 3.2, p = 0.013). The Four week post-operative neck pain intensity score was 4.6 ± 0.3 for the CO group vs. 4.9 ± 0.3 for the NO group. The 95% confidence interval (-1.2 to 0.6) was within the pre-determined equivalence margin. Neck Disability Index, quality-of-life scores, and arm pain were similar. Eleven patients in the CO group and 12 patients in the NO group had an adverse event. The CO group had reduced range of motion at 6 weeks.
CONCLUSION: Pain scores over the first 4 weeks after surgery were equivalent for patients undergoing multi-level PCF treated with or without a cervical orthosis. Our findings do not support the routine use of a postoperative cervical orthosis for postoperative pain control. Clinical Trials Registration Number NCT04308122, April 22, 2020.
Per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) have been associated with numerous human diseases. Recent in vitro studies have implicated the association of PFAS with an increased risk of breast cancer in humans. This study aimed to assess the toxic effects of PFAS during the development of human breast cancer using a zebrafish xenograft model. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was used as a PFAS chemical of interest for this study. Two common breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, were used to represent the diversity of breast cancer phenotypes. Human preadipocytes were co-implanted with the breast cancer cells into the zebrafish embryos to optimize the microenvironment for tumor cells in vivo. With this modified model, we evaluated the potential effects of the PFOA on the metastatic potential of the two types of breast cancer cells. The presence of human preadipocytes resulted in an enhancement to the metastasis progress of the two types of cells, including the promotion of cell in vivo migration and proliferation, and the increased expression levels of metastatic biomarkers. The enhancement of MCF-7 proliferation by preadipocytes was observed after 2 days post injection (dpi) while the increase of MDA-MB-231 proliferation was seen after 6 dpi. The breast cancer metastatic biomarkers, cadherin 1 (cdh1), and small breast epithelial mucin (sbem) genes demonstrated significant down- and upregulations respectively, by the co-injection of preadipocytes. In the optimized xenograft model, the PFOA consistently promoted cell proliferation and migration and altered the metastatic biomarker expression in MCF-7, which suggested a metastatic effect of PFOA on MCF-7. However, those effects were not consistently observed in MDA-MB-231. The presence of the preadipocytes in the xenograft model may provide a necessary microenvironment for the progress of tumor cells in zebrafish embryos. The finding suggested that the impacts of PFOA exposure on different phenotypes of breast cancers may differ.
Slow transit constipation (STC) is a refractory gastrointestinal disease, accounting for approximately 13 ∼ 37 % of chronic constipation. However, the molecular mechanism of STC remains poorly understood. Herein, this study aims to identify the key mRNAs and lncRNAs associated with STC. To this end, we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and lncRNAs in the whole-layer sigmoid intestinal tissues from 4 STC patients and 4 non-STC patients. The identified DE lncRNAs and mRNAs were validated through quantitative real-time PCR. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted to determine the significantly correlated DE mRNA-lncRNA pairs. A total of 1420 DE lncRNAs and 1634 DE mRNAs were identified. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of DE mRNAs indicated that these DE mRNAs might be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, alcoholism, intestinal immune network for IgA production, inflammatory bowel disease, NF-kappa B signaling pathway. WGCNA and Pearson correlation analyses jointly identified 16,577 significantly correlated DE mRNA-lncRNA pairs. Furthermore, lncRNAs LINC00641, LINC02268, LINC03013 were identified as hub lncRNAs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of proteins encoded by DE mRNAs was established, and PPI-based analysis revealed that Interleukin 2(IL2), CD80 molecule (CD80), interleukin-17A (IL-17A) might play significant roles in the development of STC. This study analyzes the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with STC. Our findings will contribute to further understanding of the molecular mechanism of STC and provide potential diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers for STC.
Aqueous solutions suitable for use in the treatment of parasitic bronchitis contain 1-diethylcarbamoyl-4-methylpiperazine (diethylcarbamazine) in the form of a therapeutically acceptable acid addition salt, and have a pH between 6.0 and 7.5 and a molarity between 0.75 and 1.30 with respect to the 1-diethylcarbamoyl-4-methylpiperazine.  The solutions are prepared by solubilizing in water the piperazine compound and an acid with a therapeutically acceptable anion; the two compounds may be dissolved together, or may be dissolved separately and the solutions obtained then mixed, the proportions used being such as to provide the desired pH and molarity of the solution.  The preferred acid component is citric acid; other suitable acids specified are acetic, propionic, butyric, gluconic, glutamic, maleic, malic, phosphoric, succinic and tartaric acids. The solutions may also contain a bacteriostat, e.g. 4-chloro-m-cresol, or an antioxidant, e.g. sodium metabisulphite.
This is a randomized, prospective, manikin simulation study. Emergency medicine specialists will be participated in the study. Participants will be randomly assigned into 6 groups with a 1:1:1:1:1:1 allocation following simple randomization procedures by a program generating online random numbers. 13 participants will be recruited to the study.

Operators who will intubate the manikin will use following methods: (1) conventional personal protective equipment (PPE) with placing the manikin in the supine position. (2) aerosol box as an adjunct to PPE with placing the manikin in the supine position. (3) transparent sheet as an adjunct to PPE with placing the manikin in the supine position. (4) conventional personal protective equipment (PPE) with placing the manikin in the 30 degree the head of the bed elevated position. (5) aerosol box as an adjunct to PPE with placing the manikin in the 30 degree the head of the bed elevated position. (6) transparent sheet as an adjunct to PPE with placing the manikin in the 30 degree the head of the bed elevated position.
The invention relates to 7-alkyloxy-2H-1,4-benzoxacin-3(4H)-one derivatives and to the preparation method thereof. The O-alkyl derivatives in position 7 of 2H-1,4-benzoxacin-3(4H)-one can be easily prepared from the corresponding 3-alkyloxyphenols based on an electrophilic aromatic substitution followed by nitro-oxidation of the nitrosyl group. Subsequently, the product is reacted with ethyl bromoacetate and subjected to a reductive treatment in order to produce the compound. The aforementioned compounds have shown a high phytotoxic activity. The synthetic method can be used to produce said products in a high yield on a multigram scale. Moreover, said compounds have high phytotoxic activity values and a large selectivity with respect to the plant species tested.
PURPOSE:The titled first agent, prepared by incorporating a specific material obtained by mixing a specific compound, e.g. p-diacetylbenzene, in the first agent for permanent waving containing a mercapto compound as a main agent with cyclodextrin, and capable of preventing the occurrence of a bad smell. CONSTITUTION:The first agent for permanent waving prepared by adding (A) one or more selected from compounds of formulas I -VI, (R1 is H, electron attracting group, e.g. COCH3, etc.; R2 is H or <=4C alkyl; R3 is H, OH or CH3) and (B) one or more selected from alpha--beta-cyclodextrins in (1:9)-1 molar ratio and >=0.2W/W% concentration of the components (A) and (B) to water, heat- treating both at 50-100 deg.C, and incorporating the resultant mixed material of the components (A) and (B) in the first agent for permanent waving consisting of a mercapto compound as a main agent. Thus, the volatilization of a bad smell is prevented by capturing selectively mercaptans without deteriorating the fundamental function (reducing action) of the first agent at all.
An assembled jade-activating material for maintaining beauty and keeping young, and an assembling and synthesizing method therefor and a use thereof. The following components are separately weighed in molar percentage: 55-59% of tetraethylorthosilicate, 4-8% of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 26-30% of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, 1-8% of zinc nitrate, 0-3% of yeast selenium, 0-1% of manganese nitrate, and 0-1% of copper nitrate, and the sum of the molar percentage of the components is 100%. The components are assembled and synthesized by means of a sol-gel method to obtain the assembled jade-activating material. The assembled jade-activating material is prepared by using the foregoing assembling and synthesizing method. The main components of a natural jade material, i.e., the main components exerting effects, are assembled and synthesized into the assembled jade-activating material by means of a sol-gel technique. The release of silicon, calcium, magnesium ions and the like is increased, the amount of trace elements is adjusted according to requirements, and the elements such as zinc, selenium, manganese, and copper are introduced so as to fully exert excellent effects on a skin. The present invention increases a safe new material having an excellent effect for the research and development of products in the field of medical cosmetology or cosmetics.
AIMS: Patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) experience 50% recurrence despite pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), and no consensus is established for secondary treatments. The aim of our i-STRATIFICATION study is to provide evidence for stratifying patients with AF recurrence after PVI to optimal pharmacological and ablation therapies, through in silico trials.
METHODS AND RESULTS: A cohort of 800 virtual patients, with variability in atrial anatomy, electrophysiology, and tissue structure (low-voltage areas, LVAs), was developed and validated against clinical data from ionic currents to electrocardiogram. Virtual patients presenting AF post-PVI underwent 12 secondary treatments. Sustained AF developed in 522 virtual patients after PVI. Second ablation procedures involving left atrial ablation alone showed 55% efficacy, only succeeding in the small right atria (<60 mL). When additional cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation was considered, Marshall-PLAN sufficed (66% efficacy) for the small left atria (<90 mL). For the bigger left atria, a more aggressive ablation approach was required, such as anterior mitral line (75% efficacy) or posterior wall isolation plus mitral isthmus ablation (77% efficacy). Virtual patients with LVAs greatly benefited from LVA ablation in the left and right atria (100% efficacy). Conversely, in the absence of LVAs, synergistic ablation and pharmacotherapy could terminate AF. In the absence of ablation, the patient's ionic current substrate modulated the response to antiarrhythmic drugs, being the inward currents critical for optimal stratification to amiodarone or vernakalant.
CONCLUSION: In silico trials identify optimal strategies for AF treatment based on virtual patient characteristics, evidencing the power of human modelling and simulation as a clinical assisting tool.
Hip fracture is a common injury in older adults; however, the optimal timing of surgical treatment remains undetermined in Japan. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to ascertain the rate of early surgery among hip fracture patients and investigate its effectiveness, along with "regional clinical pathways" (patient plan of care devised by Japanese clinicians), in reducing the length of hospital stay (LOS) postoperatively. We hypothesized that performing early surgery along with a regional clinical pathway is effective to reduce the postoperative LOS and complications among hip fracture patients. We examined the data of patients diagnosed with femoral neck and peritrochanteric fractures retrieved from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database between April 2016 and March 2018. Patients were divided into the early (43,928, 34%; surgery within 2 days of admission) and delayed (84,237, 66%; surgery after 2 days of admission) surgery groups. The difference in postoperative LOS between the two groups was 3 days (early vs. delayed: 29 days vs. 32 days). The early surgery group had more cases of intertrochanteric fractures (57% vs. 43%) and internal fixation (74% vs. 55%) than did the delayed surgery group. In contrast, the delayed surgery group had more cases of femoral neck fractures (43% vs. 57%) and bipolar hip arthroplasty (25% vs. 42%) or total hip arthroplasty (1.2% vs. 3.0%). Moreover, the early surgery group showed a lower incidence of complications, except anemia (12% vs. 8.8%). Logistic regression analysis using the adjusted model revealed that early surgery and implementation of regional clinical pathways reduced LOS by 2.58 and 8.06 days, respectively (p<0.001). Early surgery and implementation of regional clinical pathways for hip fracture patients are effective in reducing postoperative LOS, allowing regional clinical pathways to have a greater impact. These findings will help acute care providers when treating hip fracture patients.
We study the association between infectious disease incidence and income inequality. We hypothesize that random social mixing in an income-unequal society brings into contact a) susceptible and infected poor and b) the infected-poor and the susceptible-rich, raising infectious disease incidence. We analyzed publicly available, country-level panel data for a large cross-section of countries between 1995 and 2013 to examine whether countries with elevated levels of income inequality have higher rates of pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) incidence per capita. A "negative control" using anemia and diabetes (both non-communicable diseases and hence impervious to the hypothesized mechanism) is also applied. We find that high levels of income inequality are positively associated with tuberculosis incidence. All else equal, countries with income-Gini coefficients 10% apart show a statistically significant 4% difference in tuberculosis incidence. Income inequality had a null effect on the negative controls. Our cross-country regression results suggest that income inequality may create conditions where TB spreads more easily, and policy action to reduce income inequities could directly contribute to a reduced TB burden.
The invention belongs to the field of veterinary medicines, and discloses an albendazole nanoemulsion and a preparation method thereof. The albendazole nanoemulsion is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 0.07-2.0% of albendazole, 31.8-38.3% of a surfactant, 0-12.7% of a cosurfactant, 0.54-9.9% of a solubilizer, 2.3-4.0% of oil, and 46.0-49.5% of water. The albendazole is completely dissolved in the solubilizer, and then the surfactant is added. The cosurfactant and the oil are mixed for using. Water is added to the solution prepared by the above steps at room temperature, while the solution is stirred constantly until the formation of a uniform and transparent system. The albendazole nanoemulsion is obtained. Compared with the prior art, the nanoemulsion of the present invention has the following advantages: 1) safety, efficiency and low drug resistance; 2) good stability, filtration sterilization, and easy storage; 3) rapid absorption, high bioavailability, targeted drug delivery, low side effects, small and uniform particle size, and good through-membrane absorption; 4) low-viscosity nanoemulsion, and little injection pain; and 5) easy use, and infinite dilution with water.
Spheroid culture is a 3D model that provides an improved replication of the in vivo microenvironment compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Invasion is a cellular outcome of utmost interest in cancer biology. In this protocol, we have devised an alternative strategy for evaluating cancer cell invasion in vitro, employing heterospheroids comprised of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), and monocytes. These heterospheroids aim to mimic the tumor microenvironment (TME), including two relevant non-neoplastic cell types alongside the cancer cells. Each cell type was labeled with vital fluorescent markers emitting in distinct wavelengths before spheroid formation. Once formed, heterospheroids were seeded onto a layer of human leiomyoma-derived extracellular matrix in the upper compartment of a microporous membrane. Invasion was assessed in the z-axis using confocal microscopy. Digital images were obtained in the corresponding fluorescent channels at 10 µm intervals, covering a depth of 90 µm in the z-axis. Analysis was performed using freeware image software by calculating the integrated fluorescence intensity in each image and fluorescence channel. This approach enables a more dynamic analysis of cell invasion patterns in a multilayered context, as well as the examination of spatial co-localization of different cell types during invasion.
The erosion of the colonic mucus layer by a dietary fiber-deprived gut microbiota results in heightened susceptibility to an attaching and effacing pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium. Nevertheless, the questions of whether and how specific mucolytic bacteria aid in the increased pathogen susceptibility remain unexplored. Here, we leverage a functionally characterized, 14-member synthetic human microbiota in gnotobiotic mice to deduce which bacteria and functions are responsible for the pathogen susceptibility. Using strain dropouts of mucolytic bacteria from the community, we show that Akkermansia muciniphila renders the host more vulnerable to the mucosal pathogen during fiber deprivation. However, the presence of A. muciniphila reduces pathogen load on a fiber-sufficient diet, highlighting the context-dependent beneficial effects of this mucin specialist. The enhanced pathogen susceptibility is not owing to altered host immune or pathogen responses, but is driven by a combination of increased mucus penetrability and altered activities of A. muciniphila and other community members. Our study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of how discrete functional responses of the same mucolytic bacterium either resist or enhance enteric pathogen susceptibility.
Dapagliflozin and Metformin HCl extended-release tablets

No Dapagliflozin and Metformin HCl extended-release tablets dosage change is recommended based on age. More frequent assessment of renal function is recommended in elderly patients.

Dapagliflozin

A total of 1424 (24%) of the 5936 dapagliflozin-treated patients were 65 years and older and 207 (3.5%) patients were 75 years and older in a pool of 21 double-blind, controlled, clinical trials assessing the efficacy of dapagliflozin in improving glycemic control. After controlling for level of renal function (eGFR), efficacy was similar for patients under age 65 years and those 65 years and older. In patients ≥65 years of age, a higher proportion of patients treated with dapagliflozin for glycemic control had adverse reactions of hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) and Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

In both the DAPA-HF and DAPA-CKD trials, safety and efficacy were similar for patients aged 65 years and younger and those older than 65 in both the overall population and the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the DAPA-HF trial, 2714 (57%) out of 4744 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were older than 65 years. Out of 2139 patients with HFrEF and type 2 diabetes mellitus, 1211 (57%) were older than 65 years. In the DAPA-CKD trial, 1818 (42%) out of 4304 patients with chronic kidney disease were older than 65 years. Out of 2906 patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, 1399 (48%) were older than 65 years. 

Metformin HCl

Controlled clinical trials of metformin did not include sufficient numbers of elderly patients to determine whether they respond differently than younger patients. In general, dosage selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy and the higher risk of lactic acidosis. Assess renal function more frequently in elderly patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Approximately 20 subjects who were randomized to the placebo arm in the FERMIN trial. This drug was administered for 10 days post-randomization.
PURPOSE: HER2 overexpression in breast cancer correlates with poor outcomes. The incorporation of Trastuzumab into the treatment regimen has notably improved patient prognoses. However, cardiotoxicity emerges in approximately 20% of patients treated with the drug. This study aims to investigate the association between the HER2 655 A > G polymorphism, Trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity, and patient survival.
METHODS: The study involved 88 patients treated with Trastuzumab. Cardiotoxicity, defined as a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline or the emergence of clinical signs of congestive heart failure, was identified during treatment follow-up. Genotyping of HER2 655 A > G employed TaqMan SNP technology.
RESULTS: Genotype frequencies of HER2/neu 655 (53 AA, 32 AG, and 3 GG) were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant differences were observed in mean baseline LVEF between patients who developed cardiotoxicity and those who did not. Within these groups, neither AA nor AG genotypes showed an association with changes in mean baseline or reduced LVEF levels. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for hormonal status and anthracycline treatment, revealed that AG genotype carriers face a significantly higher risk of cardiotoxicity compared to AA carriers (OR = 4.42; p = 0.037). No association was found between the HER2/neu 655 A > G polymorphism and disease-free or overall survival, regardless of whether the data was adjusted for stage or not.
CONCLUSION: HER2 655 A > G polymorphism is significantly linked to an increased risk of Trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity but does not correlate with variations in disease-free survival or overall survival rates.