anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Participants will be screened and consented to attend Imperial College Clinical Research Facility (CRF) at Hammersmith Hospital on two study visits, at least 7 days apart. For one visit (randomised), participants will be required to take penicillin-V only. For their other visit, they will take penicillin-V plus probenecid at standard recommended dose. Prior to the study visits, participants may be required to have taken 36-hours of penicillin +/- probenecid, documenting this in a dosing diary. On arrival at the CRF, the participant will take an observed dose of penicillin +/- probenecid. They will undergo blood draw via needle phlebotomy or a cannula (participant choice) at 45 and 180 minutes post the observed. Samples will be spun down and frozen at -80oC. They will subsequently be analysed using an in-house HPLC-MS/MS methodology to determine total and free-unbound drug concentration.

For analysis, data from this study will be pooled with rich PK data from a prior study that assessed plasma concertation of penicillin-V in healthy volunteers. Pmetrics in R will be used to model the data looking to explore the effect of probenecid on clearance of free-penicillin-V. Probability of target attainment for streptococci species will also be estimated to evaluate the potential clinical impact of the addition of probenecid to routine penicillin-V use. Rich PK data for intravenous benzylpenicillin will be used to estimate PK-PD target attainment and PTAs for intravenous formulations, allowing direct comparison of oral and IV regimes.
This group will also consist of participants age 60+ who will be assessed for malnutrition and sarcopenia. Participants in this group will undergo induction therapy and/or receive cancer drugs to treat their AML (as part of standard care). Participants in this group will also receive different assessments when they start induction therapy to measure their nutritional health and the severity of their sarcopenia. Participants in this group will receive the same assessment as participants in the first study group -- the only difference is that participants in this group have been determined to be healthier than those in the first study group according to clinical assessments.
OBJECTIVE: Grit is a person's ability to establish long-term goals and work to achieve those goals irrespective of any barriers. We examined the relationship between the personality trait grit, obesity, and metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS)-induced weight loss.
METHODS: In an ongoing prospective cohort, 104 adult patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) had preoperative grit questionnaires administered. The association between grit domains and 1-year weight loss was evaluated by ANCOVA.
RESULTS: Among the 104 patients who completed a pre-operative grit survey, 74 completed the survey again 1 year after surgery (72.1%). One year percent total body weight loss (TBW) was 28.4% for the entire cohort and 27.9% for the 74 patients who had complete follow-up at 1 year. Grit scores were not significantly different between baseline and postoperative measurements (pre-op 3.69 ± 0.68 versus post-op 3.67 ± 0.67). Neither the pre-operative total grit score nor its major domains consistency of interests and perseverance of effort were associated with 1-year weight loss (r = 0.034, P = 0.733).
CONCLUSIONS: There was no correlation between grit and MBS-induced weight loss at 1 year after surgery. As a physiologic solution, MBS may result in weight loss independent of a person's ability to set long-term goals and achieve those goals.
This is a multi-center, single-arm, prospective, observational study. Approximately 70 study participants undergoing Zephyr Valve treatment with the use of at least one Zephyr Valve 5.5-LP EBV will be enrolled and followed out to 3 months. Assessments will be conducted at 45 days and 3 months. The evaluation will be conducted at up to 6 sites.

Patients prescribed Zephyr Valve treatment for their emphysema will be consented and will be enrolled only after: 1) determination of little to no collateral ventilation between target and ipsilateral lobes and 2) implantation of at least one Zephyr Valve 5.5-LP EBV. Baseline data will be collected retrospectively after enrollment of a patient in the Post-Market Evaluation. Performance and safety of the Zephyr Valve treatment with the use of at least one Zephyr Valve 5.5-LP will be evaluated post-treatment based on data collected until 3 months after the treatment.
UGIB is common medical emergency with an annual hospitalization rate of 67 cases per 100,000 and costing in excess of 1 billion dollars in the US.1 In Alberta, Canada, annual incidence of UGIB due to peptic ulcers alone is between 35.4 to 41.2 cases per 100,000 with an overall in-hospital mortality rate of 8.5%.2 The presentation of acute UGIB are variable, but most have visible signs of bleeding such as hematemesis, coffee-ground-emesis or melena.3 Clinically, these findings are used to guide management plans. For instance, a patient with suspected UGIB based on clinical presentation will typically undergo gastroscopy as the initial diagnostic test.4,5 However, it is becoming increasingly clear that clinical signs of bleeding do not always correlate with location of bleeds. Despite melena being the most common presenting symptom for UGIB, more than 10% of melena arise from the small bowel or right colon.3,4 Similarly, 15% of hematochezia, which are thought to be signs of colonic bleeding, in fact have bleeding sources in the upper GI tract.6 In essence, bleeding can be anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract regardless of patient's presentation. This poses a significant challenge for clinicians in determining which investigations to pursue in patients with suspected UGIB after a negative gastroscopy. Currently, there are no clear guidelines on this subject matter.4,5 In clinical practice, such patients often undergo colonoscopy to rule out colonic sources of bleed, before small bowel investigations with cross-sectional imaging and VCE. This is a time-consuming approach that requires multiple invasive procedures, leading to patient discomfort, prolonged hospitalization, and increased cost. The utility of colonoscopy in suspected UGIB have also been questioned by previous study that reported a diagnostic yield of less than 5%.7 Furthermore, proceeding with colonoscopy first will cause delays in small bowel investigation which may lower the detection rate of small bowel lesions.8 With these in mind, we propose the study of an alternative diagnostic approach which prioritizes small bowel investigation over colonic investigation. We propose early VCE following negative gastroscopy instead of colonoscopy. VCE is a pill shaped camera that is well tolerated, non-invasive, and offers superior mucosal imaging of the small bowel compared to cross-sectional imaging in the setting of GI bleeding.9 This approach would likely have higher diagnostic yield than the traditional approach of conducting colonoscopy first.

At the present, patients with suspected UGIB and negative gastroscopy pose significant diagnostic challenges for clinicians. This study aims to help determine the importance of prioritizing small bowel investigation in this clinical setting. If this study can demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the early small bowel investigation, the results will fundamentally change the approach and management of patients with acute GI bleeding, potentially leading to better patient outcomes, reduced hospitalization, and healthcare savings.
All participants will be given all e-liquids (i.e. 3 flavor conditions all containing nicotine) in this within subject cross-over design study. Participants will be randomized in the order in which they receive the flavor conditions (across 3 visits).
The performance of apparently biocompatible implanted bovine bone grafts may be compromised by unresolved chronic inflammation, and poor graft incorporation leading to implant failure. Monitoring the intensity and duration of the inflammatory response caused by implanted bone grafts is crucial. In this study, the ability of demineralized (DMB) and decellularized (DCC) bovine bone substitutes in initiating inflammatory responses to peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (PBMMs) was investigated. The response of PBMMs to bone substitutes was evaluated by using both direct and indirect cell culture, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, immunophenotyping, and cytokine production. Analysis of DMB and DCC substitutes using scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed a roughened surface with a size ranging between 500 and 750 μm. PBMMs treated with DMB demonstrated cell aggregation and clumping mimicking lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated PBMMs and a higher proliferation ability (166.93%) compared to control (100%) and DCC treatments (115.64%; p<0.001) at 24h. This was associated with a significantly increased production of intracellular ROS in PBMMs exposed to DMB substitutes than control (3158.5 vs 1715.5; p<0.001) and DCC treatment (2117.5). The bone substitute exposure also caused an increase in percentage apoptosis which was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in both DMB (27.85) and DCC (29.2) treatment than control (19.383). A significant increase in proinflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α: 3.4 folds; p<0.05) was observed in DMB substitute-treated PBMMs compared to control. Notably, IL-1β mRNA was significantly higher in DMB (21.75 folds; p<0.0001) than control and DCC (5.01 folds). In contrast, DCC substitutes exhibited immunoregulatory effects on PBMMs, as indicated by the expression for CD86, CD206, and HLDR surface markers mimicking IL-4 treatments. In conclusion, DMB excites a higher immunological response compared to DCC suggesting decellularization process of tissues dampen down inflammatory reactions when exposed to PBMM.
Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is extensively reported to be involved in organ fibrosis. Ovarian fibrosis is a main characteristic of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the reaction mechanism of METTL3 in PCOS is poorly investigated. This paper was intended to reveal the role and the mechanism of METTL3 in PCOS. Animal and cell models of PCOS were induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). H&E staining was performed to detect the pathological alterations in ovary tissues. Masson staining, immunofluorescence, along with western blot measured fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. To evaluate estrous cycle, vaginal smear was performed. Lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis were evaluated by MDA assay kits, GSH assay kits, immunohistochemistry, Prussian blue staining and western blot. qRT-PCR and western blot were adopted to estimate METTL3 and GPX4 expression. The m6A and hormone secretion levels were respectively assessed by m6A RNA Methylation Quantitative Kit and corresponding kits. The interaction between METTL3 and GPX4 was testified by immunoprecipitation. The fibrosis and ferroptosis were aggravated and m6A and METTL3 expression were increased in ovarian tissues of DHEA-induced PCOS mice. METTL3 silencing alleviated pathological changes, affected hormone secretion level, and repressed fibrosis, lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in the ovarian tissues of PCOS mice. In vitro, DHEA stimulation increased m6A and METTL3 expression and induced ferroptosis and fibrosis. METTL3 knockdown promoted GPX4 expression in DHEA-induced granulosa cells by m6A modification and restrained DHEA-induced fibrosis, lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in granulosa cells via elevating GPX4. METTL3 silence inhibited ovarian fibrosis in PCOS, which was mediated through suppressing ferroptosis by upregulating GPX4 in m6A-dependent manner.
It has been reported that muscle functional unloading is accompanied by an increase in motoneuronal excitability despite the elimination of afferent input. Thus, we hypothesized that pharmacological potentiation of spontaneous contractile soleus muscle activity during hindlimb unloading could activate anabolic signaling pathways and prevent the loss of muscle mass and strength. To investigate these aspects and underlying molecular mechanisms, we used β-myosin allosteric effector Omecamtiv Mekarbil (OM). We found that OM partially prevented the loss of isometric strength and intrinsic stiffness of the soleus muscle after two weeks of disuse. Notably, OM was able to attenuate the unloading-induced decrease in the rate of muscle protein synthesis (MPS). At the same time, the use of drug neither prevented the reduction in the markers of translational capacity (18S and 28S rRNA) nor activation of the ubiquitin-proteosomal system, which is evidenced by a decrease in the cross-sectional area of fast and slow muscle fibers. These results suggest that chemically-induced increase in low-intensity spontaneous contractions of the soleus muscle during functional unloading creates prerequisites for protein synthesis. At the same time, it should be assumed that the use of OM is advisable with pharmacological drugs that inhibit the expression of ubiquitin ligases.
Chin plays an important role in the lower facial harmony and balance. With the advances in computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) technology, surgeons are now able to simulate surgical procedures in the computer to achieve the best possible surgical plan. However, CAD/CAM surgical templates do not maximize the potential of CASS technique. Patient specific implants (PSI) has rapidly developed in cranio-maxillofacial surgery in the past few years. However, few studies have introduced PSI technique in osseous genioplasty. The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy and clinical validation of patient specific implants (PSI) technique in genioplasty for positioning and fixation of the chin segment.

Anticipated 30 patients with chin deformities are enrolled. Virtual planning is performed with the computer-aided surgical simulation method. The 3D printing titanium cutting guide and patient specific plate is involved in this PSI method. The cutting guide is designed to guide the osteotomy and screw holes drilling for the following patient specific plate. And the patient specific plate is used to simultaneously complete the reposition and fixation of the chin. The outcome is evaluated by comparing the plan with actual outcomes.
To study different types of thrombolytic agents, both thrombolysis and stimulation of fucoidan were studied in a mouse model of ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis and were compared with those of a heparin and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Thrombosis was induced by applying a filter paper saturated with 5% FeCl 3  to the left carotid artery. 20 minutes after complete occlusion, several test preparations including a fucoidan source from  Undaria pinnatifida  sporophylls were intravenously injected to each mouse group by various dosages of 10-200 mg/kg -1 . To study the stimulation effect of fucoidan with respect to t-PA, fucoidan added in a predetermined amount of t-PA was injected by a dose of 1-10 mg/kg. Then, the time to reperfusion was measured. As a result, an occluded aorta was dose-dependently reperfused, and the reperfusion was observed at 37.5±12.4 minutes after the administration of 100 mg/kg -1  of unfractionated fucoidan. The time to reperfusion was retarded to 55.0±8.0 minutes when a large amount of fucoidan such as 1 g/kg -1  was administered to a mouse provided with low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF).
Reperfusion occurred at 16.67 minutes after administration in a mouse of a control group provided with 20 mg/kg -1  of t-PA. On the contrary, reperfusion was not observed in an occluded mouse provided with heparin (p<0.01). The occluded artery was recovered without reperfusion at 17.2 minutes after injection if the least amount of fucoidan added in a predetermined amount of t-PA was provided. All the data show that fucoidan can serve as both a thrombolytic agent and a stimulant with respect to thrombolysis activation of t-PA in a thrombosis model, differently from heparin.
This study will apply the principles of CBPR to involve patients and stakeholders associated with a local community board and a national diabetes advisory board in key decisions in the project. During year 1, the investigators will utilize mixed methods to develop, pretest, and pilot the survey instruments to assess the priorities of patients with type II diabetes. In year 2, the investigators plan further engagement to finalize the survey instruments, and will implement a nationally representative, racially/ethnically diverse sample of patients with type II diabetes. Based on further consultation, the investigators will conduct statistical analysis, including stratified analyses and segmentation of patients with similar priorities. In year 3, mixed methods will be applied to assess beliefs of patients and other consumers about the relevance of this work and its generalizability to other PCOR topics. Finally, lay language reports will be developed to highlight patient and stakeholder engagement and the application of stated-preference methods to the study of the priorities of patients with type II diabetes.
Patients undergo TAPS at a sham non-acupuncture point 30 minutes prior to first chemotherapy infusion and then four times a day for 20 minutes every 2 hours at 8am, 10am, 12pm, and 2pm. Patients then crossover to Arm I for the second course of chemotherapy.
Obesity is an epidemic disease whose onset and development factors go beyond the simple energy balance. Current management strategies are often failing. It is therefore important to identify the underlying determinants of weight gain. The association of obesity in adulthood with trauma in childhood is now well established. However, the biological factors that account for this association are imperfectly known. The measurement of cortisol seems to be the most relevant biological marker of the link between obesity and life events. The majority of studies show that obesity is associated with increased exposure to glucocorticoids. However, some authors have recently reported that these measures are impacted by significant inter-individual variability which could be explained by differences in life events and especially in their perception. In addition, the autonomic nervous system with the secretion of catecholamines by the adrenal leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in a low grade inflammation.

The existence of childhood traumas and the association with other psychopathological disorders will be assessed using psychometric scales validated in French. The corticotropic axis will be evaluated by measuring cortisol in different matrices (saliva, urine, hair). The inflammatory state will be studied thanks to the determination of pro-inflammatory cytokines level in blood and immunophenotyping of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
A recent systematic review indicated that gut-microbiota-brain axis contributes to growth and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. However, gaps were detected in the role of intestinal microbiome in cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This is the first pilot study aiming to test study feasibility and identify differences in gut microbiota between subjects with and without CVS following aSAH. A prospective nested case-control pilot study with 1:1 matching was conducted recruiting subjects with aSAH: cases with CVS; and controls without CVS based on the clinical picture and structured bedside transcranial Doppler (TCD). Fecal samples for microbiota analyses by means of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were collected within the first 96 h after ictus. Operational taxonomic unit tables were constructed, diversity metrics calculated, phylogenetic trees built, and differential abundance analysis (DAA) performed. At baseline, the groups did not differ significantly in basic demographic and aneurysm-related characteristics (p > 0.05). Alpha-diversity (richness and Shannon Index) was significantly reduced in cases of middle cerebral artery (MCA) vasospasm (p < 0.05). In DAA, relative abundance of genus Acidaminococcus was associated with MCA vasospasm (p = 0.00013). Two butyrate-producing genera, Intestinimonas and Butyricimonas, as well as [Clostridium] innocuum group had the strongest negative correlation with the mean blood flow velocity in anterior cerebral arteries (p < 0.01; rho = - 0.63; - 0.57, and - 0.57, respectively). In total, 16 gut microbial genera were identified to correlate with TCD parameters, and two intestinal genera correlated with outcome upon discharge. In this pilot study, we prove study feasibility and present the first preliminary evidence of gut microbiome signature associating with CVS as a significant cause of stroke in subjects with aSAH.
Placebo Group: One Placebo Capsule/Day for 4 Weeks. Patients Will be Followed at Baseline, 4 and 6 Weeks after Starting Intervention.
Importance: Create validated criteria to identify orbital fracture patients at higher risk for significant ocular injuries. Objective: Determine history and physical examination findings in orbital fracture patients who are associated with ocular injury and warrant urgent assessment by an ophthalmologist. Design, Setting, and Participants: Retrospective chart review of 535 adult orbital fracture patients evaluated at a Level I emergency department between 2014 and 2017, without prior history of orbital fracture, ocular injury, or ocular/orbital surgery. Main Outcomes and Measure: Presence of ocular injury. Results: In total, 195 (36%) patients had an ocular injury. Those with and without ocular injury were compared in a multivariate logistic regression model including demographics, fracture characteristics, injury mechanism, and physical examination findings. Visual acuity change, radiographic retrobulbar hemorrhage, abnormal pupillary reaction, and inability to open the injured eye all had significant associations with ocular injury when other findings were controlled. Conclusion: This study shows a significant association between ocular injury and visual acuity change, retrobulbar hemorrhage, abnormal pupillary reaction, and inability to open the injured eye. These factors can help triage when to obtain an urgent ophthalmology consult.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea as confirmed by full-night attended in-lab polysomnography showing an apnea-hypopnea index of \>=15 per hour or, alternatively, an apnea-hypopnea index \>=5 with excessive daytime sleepiness as defined by an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score \>9. Furthermore, co-existing hypoventilation during wakefulness, defined by a PCO2\>45mmHg as measured by arterialized capillary blood gas analysis.