anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The present invention relates to a songqi plaster for treating traumatic injuries, particular to an analgesic plaster for acute and chronic pain caused by traumatic injuries, qi stagnation and blood stasis, which belongs to the field of external application products of Chinese herbal medicines. The analgesic plaster is prepared from components of safflower, peach seed, cape jasmine fruit, dried tangerine peel, hiraute shiny bugleweed herb, corydalis tuber, pangolin scale, rosin, glycerol, whiteruss, animal oil and cerealose. The prescription of the analgesic plaster is prepared from base medicine materials of the safflower and the peach seed used for dispelling blood stasis, auxiliary materials of the dried tangerine peel used for promoting the flow of qi, the cape jasmine fruit used for removing heat from the liver, purging pathogenic fire, eliminating eye screens and improving eyesight, the pangolin scale used for inducing menstruation and dissipating blood, etc.; thereby, the functions of promoting qi to activate blood circulation, inducing menstruation to stop pain, dispelling blood stasis, engendering new blood, promoting broken bone healing and alleviating pain and sequelae are achieved by using all the medicines together. The present invention solves the problems of skin sensibility, no recycled plaster, poor subcutaneous permeability and poor therapeutic effect of traditional external application plasters. Besides, the analgesic plaster is suitable for the treatment of various traumatic injuries, particularly for acute and chronic pain caused by old traumatic injuries, qi stagnation, blood stasis and other disease symptoms.
Serious cardiac events, including some that have been fatal, have occurred following use of dihydroergotamine mesylate injection, but are extremely rare. Events reported have included coronary artery vasospasm, transient myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation (see CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS, and PRECAUTIONS). Fibrotic complications have been reported in association with long term use of injectable dihydroergotamine mesylate (see WARNINGS, Fibrotic Complications).

Post-introduction Reports

The following events derived from postmarketing experience have been occasionally reported in patients receiving dihydroergotamine mesylate injection: vasospasm, paraesthesia, hypertension, dizziness, anxiety, dyspnea, headache, flushing, diarrhea, rash, increased sweating, and pleural and retroperitoneal fibrosis after long-term use of dihydroergotamine. Extremely rare cases of myocardial infarction and stroke have been reported. A causal relationship has not been established.

Dihydroergotamine mesylate injection is not recommended for prolonged daily use (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. at 1-877-845-0689 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Colchicine is a substrate for both cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Extended-release diltiazem (diltiazem ER) is a potent inhibitor of both CYP3A4 and P-gp. This study will evaluate the effect of multiple doses of diltiazem ER on the pharmacokinetic profile of a single 0.6mg dose of colchicine. On Day 1 after a fast of at least 10 hours, twenty-four healthy, non-smoking, non-obese, non-pregnant adult volunteers between the ages of 18 and 45 will be given a single oral dose of colchicine (1 x 0.6 mg tablet). Fasting will continue for 4 hours after the dose. Blood samples will be drawn from all participants before dosing and for twenty-four hours post-dose on a confined basis at times sufficient to adequately define the pharmacokinetics of colchicine. Blood sampling will then continue on a non-confined basis at 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours post-dose. After a 14-day washout period, beginning on Day 15 and continuing through Day 20 all subjects will return to the clinic for non-confined dosing of diltiazem ER (1 x 240 mg capsule daily). Administered diltiazem ER doses on these days will not necessarily be in a fasted state. On Day 21 after a fast of at least 10 hours, all study participants will receive a co-administered single oral dose of colchicine (1 x 0.6 mg tablet) and diltiazem ER (1 x 240 mg capsule). Blood samples will be drawn from all participants before dosing and for twenty-four hours post-dose on a confined basis at times sufficient to adequately define the pharmacokinetics of colchicine in the presence of diltiazem ER at steady state. Blood sampling will then continue on a non-confined basis at 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours post-dose administration. Fasting will continue for 4 hours following the co-administered dose of colchicine and diltiazem ER. A further goal of this study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of this regimen in healthy volunteers. Subjects will be monitored throughout participation in the study for adverse reactions to the study drug and/or procedures. Vital signs (blood pressure and pulse) will be measured pre-dose and at 1, 2, and 3 hours post-dosing on Day 1, pre-dose and 12 hours post-dosing on Day 15 (subjects will return to the study center for the 12-hour post-dose vital sign measurements), and pre-dose and 1, 2, 3 and 12 hours post-dosing on Day 21 to coincide with peak plasma concentrations of both colchicine and diltiazem. All adverse events whether elicited by query, spontaneously reported, or observed by clinic staff will be evaluated by the Investigator and reported in the subject's case report form.
Physical dependence and tolerance are not unusual during chronic opioid therapy. Significant tolerance should not occur in most patients treated with the lowest doses of oxycodone. It should be expected, however, that a fraction of patients will develop some degree of tolerance and require progressively higher dosages of oxycodone hydrochloride tablets to maintain pain control during chronic treatment. The dosage should be selected according to the patient's individual analgesic response and ability to tolerate side effects. Tolerance to the analgesic effects of opioids is usually paralleled by tolerance to side effects except for constipation.

Physical dependence results in withdrawal symptoms in patients who abruptly discontinue the drug or may be precipitated through the administration of drugs with opioid antagonist activity. If oxycodone hydrochloride tablets are abruptly discontinued in a physically dependent patient, an abstinence syndrome may occur (see DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE). If signs and symptoms of withdrawal occur, patients should be treated by reinstitution of opioid therapy followed by gradual tapered dose reduction of oxycodone hydrochloride tablets combined with symptomatic support (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, Cessation of Therapy).
Workers who use hand-held power tools absorb significant vibration energy in their arms and hands and may develop musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) such as carpal tunnel syndrome and hand-arm vibration syndrome. Protective braces may be worn to decrease the incidence of occupational MSDs. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has identified key attributes for protective braces; these attributes include vibration damping, comfort, non-interference with worker dexterity, and maintenance of safe hand temperature. Most currently available braces do not adequately address these NIOSH requirements. This study will evaluate the efficacy of a brace with piezoelectric damping material.

Participants in the study will be fitted with a brace on each hand. One brace will have piezoelectric damping material and the other will be a currently available, off-the-shelf commercial brace. Hand-held joysticks and handles mounted to a vibration shaker table will be used to simulate power tool use. Participants will undergo a series of tests designed to measure hand acceleration and vibration while grasping the study joysticks and handles. The tests will take approximately 30 minutes.
The invention provides a heterozygosis alpha spiral swine antibacterial peptide, and a preparation method and application thereof. The heterozygosis alpha spiral swine antibacterial peptide has the sequence shown as SEQ No.1 in a sequence table. According to the method, firstly, 16 amino acid residues before N- tail end in the swine antibacterial peptide PMAP-36 are modified, and are then subjected to heterozygosis with the front 15 amino acid of Fowlicidin-2 to obtain the antibacterial peptide PR-FO; the tail end of the carboxyl of the PR-FO is amidated so as to increase the positive charge and to improve the peptide stability; the sequence is shown as SEQ No. 1; then, a polypeptide synthesis instrument is used for synthesizing the antibacterial peptide PR-FO by a solid-phase synthesis method. The antibacterial peptide provided by the invention has higher antibacterial activity and low cell toxicity; the cell selectivity is greatly improved. The method can lay the feasible theoretical and practice foundation for making the antibacterial peptide into antibiotic substitutes.
The toxic dose of diclofenac sodium/misoprostol tablets has not been determined. However, signs of overdosage from the components of the product have been described.

Diclofenac sodium

Clinical signs that may suggest diclofenac sodium overdose include GI complaints, confusion, drowsiness, or general hypotonia. Reports of overdosage with diclofenac cover 66 cases. In approximately one-half of these reports of overdosage, concomitant medications were also taken. The highest dose of diclofenac was 5.0 g in a 17-year-old man who suffered loss of consciousness, increased intracranial pressure, and aspiration pneumonitis, and died 2 days after overdose. A 24-year-old woman who took 4.0 g and the 28- and 42-year-old women, each of whom took 3.75 g, did not develop any clinically significant signs or symptoms. However, there was a report of a 17-year-old woman who experienced vomiting and drowsiness after an overdose of 2.37 g of diclofenac.

Animal studies show a wide range of susceptibilities to acute overdosage, with primates being more resistant to acute toxicity than rodents (LD50 in mg/kg: rats, 55; dogs, 500; monkeys, 3200).

Misoprostol

The toxic dose of misoprostol in humans has not been determined. Cumulative total daily doses of 1600 mcg have been tolerated, with only symptoms of GI discomfort being reported. In animals, the acute toxic effects are diarrhea, GI lesions, focal cardiac necrosis, hepatic necrosis, renal tubular necrosis, testicular atrophy, respiratory difficulties, and depression of the central nervous system. Clinical signs that may indicate an overdose are sedation, tremor, convulsions, dyspnea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, palpitations, hypotension, or bradycardia.

Diclofenac sodium/misoprostol

Symptoms of overdosage with diclofenac sodium/misoprostol tablets should be treated with supportive therapy. In case of acute overdosage, gastric lavage is recommended. Induced diuresis may be beneficial because diclofenac sodium and misoprostol metabolites are excreted in the urine. The effect of dialysis or hemoperfusion on the elimination of diclofenac sodium (99% protein bound) and misoprostol acid remains unproven. The use of oral activated charcoal may help to reduce the absorption of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol.
The efficacy of VIVLODEX in the management of osteoarthritis pain was demonstrated in a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel-arm, placebo-controlled study comparing VIVLODEX 5 mg or 10 mg taken once daily and placebo in patients with pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. The study evaluated 402 patients with a mean age of 61 (range 40 to 87 years). Osteoarthritis pain was measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Subscale. The mean baseline WOMAC Pain Subscale Score across treatment groups was 73 mm using a 0 to 100 mm visual analog scale. 

The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline to Week 12 in the WOMAC Pain Subscale Score. VIVLODEX 5 mg and 10 mg once daily significantly reduced osteoarthritis pain compared with placebo, as measured by changes in WOMAC Pain Subscale Scores. Although both the 5 mg and 10 mg doses significantly reduced pain compared to placebo, the proportion of responders achieving various percentage reductions in pain intensity from baseline to Week 12 is similar for both the 5 mg and 10 mg once daily doses. The proportion (%) of patients in each group who demonstrated reduction in their pain intensity score from baseline to Week 12 is shown in Figure 1. The figure is cumulative, so patients whose change from baseline is, for example, 30%, are also included in every level of pain reduction below 30%. Patients who did not complete the study were classified as non-responders. 

Figure 1 Proportion (%) of Patients Achieving Various Percentage Reductions in Pain Intensity from Baseline to Week 12
PURPOSE:To purify the titled toxin, by diluting a culture liquid containing the toxin C of Clostridium botulinum with water, adding ribonucleic acid, etc. to the diluted solution, extracting the precipitate under specific pH condition, dialyzing the extract, and carrying out the extraction with a specific buffer solution, the treatment with protamine, etc. CONSTITUTION:Clostridium botulinum belonging to Clostridium genus is cultured to produce spores, and the culture liquid is fractionated. The fractionated culture liquid is diluted 4-6 times with water. The solution is added with a ribonucleic acid and then with an acid such as sulfuric acid, and adjusted to 3.8-4.0pH to obtain a precipitate containing the toxin C. The precipitate is adjusted to 7.0-8.0pH with a buffer solution containing sodium chloride to separate the toxin C into the toxic component and the intoxic component, and then extracted with the salt-containing buffer solution. The extract liquid is dialyzed at 3.8- 4.0pH with an acidic buffer solution. The obtained precipitate is extracted with an acidic buffer solution containing sodium chloride, treated with protamine, and subjected to ultrafiltration to obtain the objective botulinus toxin C.
A safe and very effective orally administered homeopathic anti-diarrheal composition and method that can be used by persons of any age, including an infant, a child, an adult or the elderly. Useful for even severe diarrhea. Normal bowel movement is resumed within two to three days. The composition consists of sodium bicarbonate and lemon juice proportionately combined. In a preferred embodiment between one quarter and one third of a teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate, commonly called baking soda, is added to the amount of lemon juice that results from thoroughly squeezing by hand one half of an average sized fresh lemon. A lime can be substituted for a lemon in the composition with the same or similar results. The composition should be taken orally at least once every 12 hours up to two times per day.
For the intervention group, baseline measures on depression and heart rate variability will be obtained at baseline and post-test (21 days later). Intervention group subjects will use the Breather app twice daily, five minutes each time, for a period of 21 days.
BACKGROUND: Persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) after lung cancer surgery is common and current definitions are based on evaluations at a single time point after surgery. Pain intensity and symptoms may however fluctuate and change over time, and be impacted by multiple and shifting factors. Studies of postoperative recovery patterns and transition from acute to chronic pain are needed for further investigation of preventive measures and treatments to modify unfavourable recovery paths.
METHODS: In this explorative study, 85 patients undergoing surgery due to either presumptive or confirmed lung cancer reported pain intensities bi-monthly for 12 months. Pain trajectories during recovery were investigated, using group-based trajectory modelling. Associations with possible risk factors for PPSP, including clinical variables and anxiety and depression score (HADS), were also explored.
RESULTS: A trajectory model containing three 12-month pain recovery groups was computed. One group without PPSP fully recovered (50%) within two to three months. Another group with mild-intensity PPSP followed a protracted recovery trajectory (37%), while incomplete recovery was observed in the last group (13%). Acute postoperative pain and younger age were associated with a less favourable recovery trajectory. More neuropathic pain symptoms were observed in patients with incomplete recovery.
CONCLUSIONS: Three clinically relevant recovery trajectories were identified, based on comprehensive pain tracking. Higher acute postoperative pain intensity was associated with an unfavourable pain recovery trajectory.
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Understanding the transition from acute to chronic postoperative pain and identifying preoperative risk factors is essential for the development of targeted treatments and the implementation of preventive measures. This study (1) identified distinct recovery trajectories based on frequent pain assessment follow-ups for 12 months after surgery and (2) evaluated risk factors for unfavourable postoperative pain recovery paths. Findings suggest that early higher postoperative pain intensity is associated with an unfavourable long-term recovery path.
Participants will eat four egg yolks/day for 30 days. Participants will be given a specified number of Kieke eggs to last them until their next appointment. They will be asked to eat no other eggs than the yolks from the eggs given to them and to return cartons with any leftover eggs.
BACKGROUND: Aged sarcopenia is characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, and mitochondrial dysregulation in skeletal myocyte is considered as a major factor. Here, we aimed to analyze the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in aged skeletal muscles.
METHODS: C2C12 cells were stimulated by 50 μM 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC) to observe the changes of cellular ROS, mitochondrial ROS, and expression of PGC-1α and Nrf2. Different PGC-1α expression in cells was established by transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or plasmids overexpressing PGC-1α (pEX-3-PGC-1α). The effects of different PGC-1α expression on cellular ROS, mitochondrial ROS and Nrf2 expression were measured in cells. Wild type (WT) mice and PGC-1α conditional knockout (CKO) mice were used to analyze the effects of PGC-1α on aged sarcopenia and expression of Nrf2 and CD38 in gastrocnemius muscles. Diethylmaleate, a Nrf2 activator, was used to analyze the connection between PGC-1α and Nrf2 in cells and in mice.
RESULTS: In C2C12 cells, the expressions of PGC-1α and Nrf2 were declined by the 7β-OHC treatment or PGC-1α silence. Moreover, PGC-1α silence increased the harmful ROS and decreased the Nrf2 protein expression in the 7β-OHC-treated cells. PGC-1α overexpression decreased the harmful ROS and increased the Nrf2 protein expression in the 7β-OHC-treated cells. Diethylmaleate treatment decreased the harmful ROS in the 7β-OHC-treated or PGC-1α siRNA-transfected cells. At the same age, muscle-specific PGC-1α deficiency aggravated aged sarcopenia, decreased Nrf2 expression and increased CD38 expression in gastrocnemius muscles compared with the WT mice. Diethylmaleate treatment improved the muscle function and decreased the CD38 expression in the old two genotypes.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that PGC-1α modulated mitochondrial oxidative stress in aged sarcopenia through regulating Nrf2.
An insulin-dosage detection device is arranged on a rotation member of an insulin injection pen having an injection button. The rotation variation of the rotation member corresponds to the injection dosage of the insulin injection pen. The insulin-dosage detection device has a circuit, a detection button, and a processor. The circuit, arranged on the rotation member of the insulin injection pen, outputs electronic signals in response to rotation of the rotation member. The detection button is connected to the injection button. The rotation member of the insulin injection pen rotates in response to the detection button and the injection button being pressed. The circuit rotates along with the rotation member. The processor, coupled to the circuit, calculates the rotation variation of the rotation member according to a first electronic signal and a second electronic signal respectively output from the circuit before and after the rotation of the circuit.
For Aim 2, 10 additional subjects with diabetes in poor glycemic control will be studied initially and then again in improved glycemic control after at least 8 months (with up to 5 additional subjects entered as needed to ensure 10 completed paired studies) to assess the potential role of MRBC variation in the discordances seen between HbA1c and blood glucose testing. Subjects will participate in experiments involving re-infusion of biotin-labeled cells in which a small volume (\< 10 ml) of autologous, biotinylated erythrocytes will be re-infused to determine cell lifespan and in vivo HbA1c formation rate.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, non-specific inflammatory disease affecting the colon and rectum with an etiology that remains elusive. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used on long-term UC treatment to better maintain the efficacy than traditional aminosalicylic acid or glucocorticosteroids and to ease financial burden of patients. Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction (QCWZD) is a modern TCM decoction with established clinical efficacy but the mechanism of its protection on intestinal barrier function remains unclear.
AIM OF THE STUDY: Current findings highlight that the activation of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway can facilitate the repair of intestinal epithelium barrier. This study is to investigate the protective effects of QCWZD and its HIF-targeted ingredients on hypoxia-dependent intestinal barrier.
METHODS: The mice model of UC was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Disease activity index (DAI) and histopathology scores and colon length were used to measure the severity of colitis. The DAO activity in serum and protein expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins were detected to explore the function of intestinal barrier. The protein levels of HIF-1α and its downstream gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured as well. HIF-targeted active ingredients in QCWZD were selected by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Protective effects of six constituents on HIF-related anti-oxidative and barrier protective pathway were evaluated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HT29 and RAW264.7 cells, through the measurement of the production of ROS and mRNA level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. HIF-1α knockdown was carried out to explore the correlation of protection effects with HIF-related pathway of the active ingredients.
RESULTS: QCWZD effectively alleviated colitis induced by DSS and demonstrated a protective effect on intestinal barrier function by upregulating HIF-related pathways. Six specific ingredients in QCWZD, targeting HIF, successfully reduced the production of cellular ROS and proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced cells. It is noteworthy that the barrier protection provided by these molecules is intricately linked with the HIF-related pathway.
CONCLUSIONS: This study elucidates the HIF-related molecular mechanism of QCWZD in protecting the function of the epithelial barrier. Six compounds targeting the activation of the HIF-dependent pathway were demonstrated to unveil a novel therapeutic approach for managing UC.