anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: Arterial adventitial vasa vasorum (AVV) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic (AS) disease. AS is a systemic disease, and plaque is not only a local vascular event, but also occurs at multiple sites throughout the vascular bed. Currently, effective anti-AVV therapies are lacking. Therefore, we posed the following scientific questions: "does human carotid adventitial vasa vasorum density reflect plaque neovascularization and intimal-media hyperplasia in carotid?"; and "is it possible to reduce human AVV density by sonodynamic therapy (SDT)?"
METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 160 patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Duplex ultrasound scanning (DUS), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), coronary angiography, and coronary CT angiography (CTA) were used for diagnosis and screening. Pearson correlation tests and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to analyze the relationships between AVV hyperplasia, vasa vasorum (VV) hyperplasia and the intima-media thickness (IMT). SDT was developed for the treatment of arterial AVV hyperplasia and AS plaques.
RESULTS: The presence of local AVV in carotid unstable plaques correlated with the echogenic properties of the carotid plaque and the extent of plaque progression; Furthermore local AVV hyperplasia in patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques was associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) events; Local AVV hyperplasia in patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques was associated with coronary artery stenosis. Notably, SDT reduced local AVV hyperplasia and shrank the plaques in human femoral and carotid atherosclerotic lesions.
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of AVV in human carotid arteries reflects the severity of carotid and coronary artery AS. Further, SDT can reduce the hyperplasia of local AVV in human femoral and carotid plaques.
Minocycline 100 mg by mouth two times a day (200 mg/day). Initial Dose (starts on first day of run-in phase or chemotherapy). Questionnaires completed at baseline, 1 time each week during drug/placebo administration, and at end of study visit.
Eribulin mesylate will be administered intravenously on Days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle. A cycle of therapy is considered to be 21 days. The starting dose for eribulin mesylate will be at 1.1 milligram per square meter (mg/m\^2) (Dose Level 1), which is approximately 80% of the adult MTD, and will be escalated up to no more than 2.2 mg/m\^2.
The study is a randomized controlled pilot trial evaluating the feasibility of a digitally augmented person-centered stroke prevention program with a focus on primary prevention. The program is aiming to enable lifestyle change and to promote healthy activity patterns to decrease risk factors for stroke and in that way prevent future stroke. With activity patterns (individual actions and behaviour) in everyday life we mean a persons overall lifestyle that may or may not contribute to health.

The prevention program is a theoretically grounded, complex intervention tested against a control-group that are receiving usual care. The prevention program is based on activities in people's everyday lives and integrates health and well-being with what people do, as well as with what they want or need to do, in order to thrive and live well. Lifestyle change refers to a conscious change of behaviour and everyday activities in order to promote health. The process of changing behaviour results from an interaction between the person (eg, self-efficacy), the environment (support and material) and the action. In the project, the key behavioural change technique is incorporating engaging everyday activities (EEAs) that contribute to a healthy lifestyle. This might include changing the form of current EEAs or finding new health-promoting EEAs.
In a 104-week carcinogenicity study in rats at doses up to 120 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 90 times clinical exposure on a mg/m 2basis, the incidences of benign adenomas of the thyroid and liver were increased in male rats. No evidence of carcinogenicity was found in female rats. The higher incidences of thyroid and liver tumors in male rats were not seen at lower dose of 30 mg/kg/day and 60 mg/kg/day respectively (which are over 20 and 45 times, respectively, clinical exposures on a mg/m 2basis). In a 104-week carcinogenicity study in mice at doses up to 500 mg/kg/day, no evidence of carcinogenicity was found in mice (which is approximately 187 times clinical exposure on a mg/m 2basis). 

Repaglinide was non-genotoxic in a battery of in vivoand in vitrostudies: Bacterial mutagenesis (Ames test), in vitro forward cell mutation assay in V79 cells (HGPRT), in vitrochromosomal aberration assay in human lymphocytes, unscheduled and replicating DNA synthesis in rat liver, and in vivo mouse and rat micronucleus tests. 

In a rat fertility study, repaglinide was administered to male and female rats at doses up to 300 and 80 mg/kg/day, respectively. No adverse effects on fertility were observed (which are over 60 times clinical exposure on a mg/m 2basis).
Protein antigens are provided. The protein antigens typically include a peptide antigen conjugated or fused to a chaperone protein to form a "chaperone-antigen" that increases lymph node uptake; improves an immune response; or a combination thereof relative to the peptide antigen alone. The immune response can be, for example, increased antigen-specific proliferation, enhanced cytokine production, stimulation of differentiation and/or effector functions, promotion of survival, rescue from exhaustion and/or anergy of T cells, or a combination thereof. Chaperon-antigens can also be used to induce tolerance and increase immune suppressive responses. In the most preferred embodiments, the peptide antigen is fused to the chaperone protein to form a fusion protein. The "chaperone-antigen" can be combined with an adjuvant to form a vaccine and administered to a subject to modulate an immune response to the antigen. Methods of increasing immune responses, treating cancer and infectious diseases and inducing tolerance are also provided.
A portable, handheld measurement device for monitoring lung function is provided. The measurement device includes one or more components designed to directly or indirectly detect air flow properties such as the direction, flow rate, and/or volume of air flow within a lumen of the device. In some embodiments, the air flow properties are determined from changes in pressure within the lumen. The measurement device may form part of a system that includes a remote computing device and a computer server. In some such embodiments, at least one of the computers present within the system calculates spirometry measurements from the air flow detected within the measurement device. Such measurements may be stored, displayed, and/or shared with others. Various methods performed by the devices and systems are also disclosed.
PURPOSE:To provide the subject new compound useful for the prevention, care and treatment of inflammatory diseases in general including intractable dermatopathy owing to its excellent antiinflammatory action and having extremely low side effect. CONSTITUTION:A 21-substituted steroid compound of formula I (R<1> is OH; R<2> is H or lower alkyl; X and Y are H or halogen; Z is O or S; wavy line represents that the steric configuration may be alpha or beta), e.g. thioether of betamethazone-21-thiol and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine. The compound of formula can be produced by reacting a steroid compound of formula II with 0.1-10 equivalent of N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine of formula III and 1-10 equivalent of a dehydrative condensation agent in a solvent (e.g. ethyl acetate) preferably at -10 to +50 deg.C for 30min to 8hr. The dehydrative condensation agent is e.g. N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
The cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING)) axis integrates DNA damage and cellular stress with type I interferon (IFN) signalling to facilitate transcriptional changes underlying inflammatory stress responses. The cGAS-STING pathway responds to cytosolic DNA in the form of double-stranded DNA, micronuclei, and long interspersed nuclear element 1 (L1) retroelements. L1 retroelements are a class of self-propagating non-long terminal repeat transposons that have remained highly active in mammalian genomes. L1 retroelements are emerging as important inducers of cGAS-STING and IFN signalling, which are often dysregulated in several diseases, including cancer. A key repressor of cGAS-STING and L1 activity is the exonuclease three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1), and loss of TREX1 promotes the accumulation of L1. In addition, L1 dysregulation is a common theme among diseases with chronic induction of type I IFN signalling through cGAS-STING, such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, Fanconi anemia, and dermatomyositis. Although TREX1 is highly conserved in tetrapod species, other suppressor proteins exist that inhibit L1 retrotransposition. These suppressor genes when mutated are often associated with diseases characterized by unchecked inflammation that is associated with high cGAS-STING activity and elevated levels of L1 expression. In this review, we discuss these interconnected pathways of L1 suppression and their role in the regulation of cGAS-STING and inflammation in disease.
OBJECTIVES: Ancient human dental calculus is a unique, nonrenewable biological resource encapsulating key information about the diets, lifestyles, and health conditions of past individuals and populations. With compounding calls its destructive analysis, it is imperative to refine the ways in which the scientific community documents, samples, and analyzes dental calculus so as to maximize its utility to the public and scientific community.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our research team conducted an IRB-approved survey of dental calculus researchers with diverse academic backgrounds, research foci, and analytical specializations.
RESULTS: This survey reveals variation in how metadata is collected and utilized across different subdisciplines and highlights how these differences have profound implications for dental calculus research. Moreover, the survey suggests the need for more communication between those who excavate, curate, and analyze biomolecular data from dental calculus.
DISCUSSION: Challenges in cross-disciplinary communication limit researchers' ability to effectively utilize samples in rigorous and reproducible ways. Specifically, the lack of standardized skeletal and dental metadata recording and contamination avoidance procedures hinder downstream anthropological applications, as well as the pursuit of broader paleodemographic and paleoepidemiological inquiries that rely on more complete information about the individuals sampled. To provide a path forward toward more ethical and standardized dental calculus sampling and documentation approaches, we review the current methods by which skeletal and dental metadata are recorded. We also describe trends in sampling and contamination-control approaches. Finally, we use that information to suggest new guidelines for ancient dental calculus documentation and sampling strategies that will improve research practices in the future.
BACKGROUND: Progress in rare and interstitial lung disease in childhood can most usefully be achieved through systematic, registry-based collection.
QUESTION AND METHODS: What are the practicalities and benefits of participating in the pediatric lung registry/chILD-EU project? We report our clinical experiences.
RESULTS: Pediatricians and pediatric pulmonologists identify children with rare lung diseases. These are reported to the Kid's Lung Register after parental consent. Clinical data, imaging, and blood are sent to the registry. Genetic analysis can be arranged if desired. With completeness of the data, a peer-review process by pediatric radiology, possibly lung pathology, clinical and possibly genetic experts takes place in an interdisciplinary conference. A working diagnosis is established and communicated to the responsible physician via the registry and, if necessary, further discussed in case-related discussions. Assistance in entering the data is provided by the registry. Follow-ups are performed annually, and all registered physicians are invited to regular, web-based case discussions. Significant questions are answered in scientific projects and jointly published (>110 publications to date).
CONCLUSIONS: Due to voluntary additional work of all participants beyond clinical routine, more than 1000 children with rare lung diseases have been included in the registry with biobank to date. A deeper understanding of the clinical courses of large cohorts of rare diseases and the initial description of new entities contributes to better care for these children.
Approximately 8 million - 10 million patients complaining of chest pain present to an Emergency Department (ED) annually in the United States. To avoid missing the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), physicians use a liberal testing strategy. Thus, \>50% of ED patients with acute chest pain are hospitalized for a comprehensive cardiac evaluation (serial cardiac biomarkers and stress testing or angiography). However, \<10% of these patients are ultimately diagnosed with ACS, and this pervasive over-triage costs an estimated $10 billion - $13 billion annually. Current care patterns for acute chest pain fail to focus health system resources, such as hospitalization and stress testing, on patients most likely to benefit.

It has demonstrated that an accelerated diagnostic protocol (ADP), called the HEART Pathway, which utilizes a clinical decision aid (the HEART score) and serial Cardiac Troponin (cTn) measures are sensitive for ACS (\>99%) and can substantially reduce hospitalizations, stress testing, and cost compared to usual care. The HEART Pathway uses contemporary serial cTn measurements at 0 and 3 hours to exclude index myocardial infarction (MI) and relies on clinical features (history, ECG, age, and risk factors) to identify patients likely to have downstream events. However, the HEART Pathway has limitations: a) It identifies only 20 - 40% of patients for early discharge and b) it was developed before high-sensitivity cTn assays became available. Able to detect MI earlier and with greater accuracy than contemporary assays, hs-cTn assays have the potential to be integrated into decision aids to improve chest pain risk stratification. In the near future, hs-cTn assays will replace contemporary assays in the United States.
The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an inhibitor of ABCG2 as an active ingredient for preventing or treating brain disease. In particular, after confirming that the expression of ABCG2 is increased in a mouse in which eggs are removed, the expression of ABCG2 has been confirmed to be significantly reduced again when estrogen is administered again to the mouse in which eggs are removed. It has been confirmed that the expression of ABCG2 is increased in a mouse in which eggs are removed when the mouse is subjected to reperfusion after induction of ischemic stroke, and that the expression of ABCG2 is decreased when estrogen is administered again to the mouse in which eggs are removed. It has been confirmed that the expression and function of ABCG2 are reduced compared to a control group when the cerebral endothelial cell line is treated with estrogen. It has been confirmed that cell viability increases and cytotoxicity decreases compared to control group cells which are not treated with estrogen when ischemic and reperfusion (OGR/R) are induced in cerebrovascular endothelial cell lines treated with estrogen, and that a decrease in ABCG2 expression is highly correlated with the protective effect of cerebrovascular endothelial cells by estrogen. It has been confirmed that viability of cells is increased and cytotoxicity of cells is decreased when ischemic and reperfusion are induced in cerebrovascular endothelial cells in which the expression of ABCG2 is inhibited. Accordingly, the inhibitor of ABCG2 can be useful as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating brain diseases associated with ischemic stroke.
OBJECTIVES: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue, ranking as the third leading cause of death worldwide. CKD diagnosis and management depend on clinical laboratory tests, necessitating consistency for precise patient care. Global harmonization of CKD testing through clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) is recommended. Prior to CPG development, assessing the current CKD testing landscape is crucial. In 2022, the European Federation of Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) conducted an online survey among European laboratories associated with EFLM, evaluating CKD testing practices, including new glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation methods. This report summarizes the 2022 survey findings and offers recommendations for improving CKD test standardization.
METHODS: An online survey was conducted in November 2022 using a questionnaire hosted on LimeSurvey sent to European laboratories affiliated with the EFLM. The survey results were recorded in Excel files and analysed.
RESULTS: The results highlight significant discrepancies among countries in unit expression, methods, cystatin C use, and GFR calculation equations. Additionally, limited attention to pediatric renal biology specifics, varied proteinuria and albuminuria result expressions, and limited awareness of GFR measurement methods through iohexol clearance are noted.
CONCLUSIONS: In an effort to enhance the standardization of crucial biomarkers utilized in nephrology for evaluating renal function and diagnosing kidney injuries, the EFLM Task Group on CKD suggests nine practical recommendations tailored for European laboratories. The group is confident that implementing these measures will minimize result expression discrepancies, ultimately leading to enhanced patient care.
Heart failure represents a major burden in the developed world. Mortality and rehospitalization rates post-discharge in patients admitted with HF may be as high as 15% and 30% within 60-90 days, respectively. Given that rehospitalization drives much of the cost associated with HF, there has been increased interest in predicting risk of rehospitalization as a means to control health care costs. These risk stratification models can serve as important clinical tools by helping to identify those patients who are at very high risk may be observed more closely or treated more intensively. The most important predictors for the combined endpoint of death or rehospitalization were admission serum creatinine concentration, systolic blood pressure,admission hemoglobin level, discharge use of ACE-Ior ARBS, and Pulmonary disease. Other independent predictors during hospitalization of readmission and mortality included low admission Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire score, high BNP, hyponatremia, tachycardia, hypotension, absence of b-blocker therapy, and history of diabetes and arrhythmias. Nevertheless, both models fail to provide the treating physician a simple decision making tool for predicting which patient is stable enough to be discharged from the hospital without a high risk of readmission. The Non Invasive Cardiac System (NICaS, Israel), calculates the cardiac output by measuring impedance cardiography in a tetra-polar mode, derived from electrodes placed on both wrists or one wrist and the contra-lateral ankle. This simple to operate, non-invasive technique was validated in a few studies to be reliable in estimation of CO compared to traditional, invasive techniques in different settings including HF patients. A previous study demonstrated that parameters derived from this system showed a highly significant correlation to echo estimated EF and serum BNP in chronic HF patients and were equally able to predict complications in this population. Aim:To assess whether the NICaS system can identify high risk HF patient for readmission prior to their discharge compared to serum BNP measurement.Methods and population:Known HF patients, admitted due to HF exacerbation, will be tested with NICaS system in concordance with serum BNP measurement prior to their discharge from the hospital. The decision for discharge will be made on clinical ground by the treating physician alone. The patients will be tested by NICaS system in the following manner-patches will be attached to both patient's wrists, or one wrist and contra-lateral ankle for a period of approximately 30 seconds. During that time the patient will be seated or supine.3cc of blood will be drawn from peripheral vein for BNP level measurement.NICaS parameters and serum BNP levels will be processed in an excel sheet. The patients will be followed by a telephone questionnaire after 3 months from discharge in order to document events of readmission or death.
The subject will be requested to wear lens 8 hours a day, 5 days a week at least. The contact lens will be worn and replaced every day. All subjects will be followed for 1 year post device allocation with a brief clinical assessment at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months.
It is anticipated that Cytophone diagnostic procedure will start with 30-min preparation including ultrasound imaging of an examined vessel, photo of a skin area above the vessel and quick navigation of the PAFC probe on the vessel using near-infrared viewer. After completion, the Cytophone monitoring will be conducted for 30-60 min and will include noninvasive irradiation of the vessel by a laser beam(s) using a safe for human laser energy level.
Breast cancer arises from the malignant transformation of mammary epithelial cells under the influence of various carcinogenic factors, leading to a gradual increase in its prevalence. This disease has become the leading cause of mortality among female malignancies, posing a significant threat to the health of women. The timely identification of breast cancer remains challenging, often resulting in diagnosis at the advanced stages of the disease. Conventional therapeutic approaches, such as surgical excision, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, exhibit limited efficacy in controlling the progression and metastasis of the disease. Regulated cell death (RCD), a process essential for physiological tissue cell renewal, occurs within the body independently of external influences. In the context of cancer, research on RCD primarily focuses on cuproptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis. Mounting evidence suggests a marked association between these specific forms of RCD, and the onset and progression of breast cancer. For example, a cuproptosis vector can effectively bind copper ions to induce cuproptosis in breast cancer cells, thereby hindering their proliferation. Additionally, the expression of ferroptosis‑related genes can enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy. Likewise, pyroptosis‑related proteins not only participate in pyroptosis, but also regulate the tumor microenvironment, ultimately leading to the death of breast cancer cells. The present review discusses the unique regulatory mechanisms of cuproptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis in breast cancer, and the mechanisms through which they are affected by conventional cancer drugs. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive overview of the significance of these forms of RCD in modulating the efficacy of chemotherapy and highlights their shared characteristics. This knowledge may provide novel avenues for both clinical interventions and fundamental research in the context of breast cancer.