anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: High rates of health inequalities and chronic non-communicable diseases exist amongst the prison population. This places people in and/or released from prison at heightened risk of multimorbidity, premature mortality, and reduced quality of life. Ensuring appropriate healthcare for people in prison to improve their health outcomes is an important aspect of social justice. This review examines the global literature on healthcare interventions to detect, monitor and manage chronic non-communicable diseases amongst the prison population and people recently released from prison.
METHODS: Systematic searches of EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were conducted and supplemented by citation searching and review of the grey literature. The literature searches attempted to identify all articles describing any healthcare intervention for adults in prison, or released from prison in the past 1 year, to detect, monitor, or manage any chronic non-communicable illness. 19,061 articles were identified, of which 1058 articles were screened by abstract and 203 articles were reviewed by full text.
RESULTS: Sixty-five studies were included in the review, involving 18,311 participants from multiple countries. Most studies were quasi-experimental and/or low to moderate in quality. Numerous healthcare interventions were described in the literature including chronic disease screening, telemedicine, health education, integrated care systems, implementing specialist equipment and staff roles to manage chronic diseases in prisons, and providing enhanced primary care contact and/or support from community health workers for people recently released from prison. These interventions were associated with improvement in various measures of clinical and cost effectiveness, although comparison between different care models was not possible due to high levels of clinical heterogeneity.
CONCLUSIONS: It is currently unclear which interventions are most effective at monitoring and managing chronic non-communicable diseases in prison. More research is needed to determine the most effective interventions for improving chronic disease management in prisons and how these should be implemented to ensure optimal success. Future research should examine interventions for addressing multimorbidity within prisons, since most studies tested interventions for a singular non-communicable disease.
Silencing of retrovirus vectors poses a significant obstacle to stem cell gene therapy, and may also impact stem cell marking and genetic manipulation studies. Retrovirus silencing is ameliorated but not eliminated by self-inactivating (SIN) mutations. The invention relates to a novel mammalian silencer-blocking assay to overcome residual silencing using insulator elements. A human β-globin transgene regulated by the Locus Control Region is silenced in transgenic mice when linked to retrovirus vector sequences. Dimer cHS4 core insulators flanking the β-globin reporter completely block MSCV retrovirus silencing in transgenic mice. This distinguishes silencer-blocking activity by cHS4 from its enhancer-blocking activity. Retrovirus vectors cannot be created at high titer with two internal dimer cHS4 cores. However, transgenic mouse silencer-blocking assays demonstrate that a combination of internal gypsy and dimer cHS4 cores cooperate to attenuate retrovirus silencing. EGFP retrovirus vectors with gypsy and the dimer cHS4 core increase expression from MSCV transduced F9 Embryonic Carcinoma cells. The highest EGFP expression in F9 cells was produced by a high titer SIN retrovirus with gypsy in the LTRs. The silencer-blocking assay described here complements current enhancer-blocking and position-effect blocking assays. The gypsy insulated SIN retrovirus vector is particularly well suited for gene therapy and for stem cell marking studies.
OBJECTIVES: Chronic stress induces preclinical changes in the metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune systems. This phenomenon, known as allostatic load (AL), can impair executive functions (EF), which may be even more affected in individuals with excess weight due to their characteristic inflammatory state and cardiometabolic changes. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to AL and may influence executive functioning presumably via alterations within the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, including epigenetic modifications. We assess the relationship between AL and EF in youth with and without excess weight, and the effect ACEs on executive functioning.
METHODS: One hundred eighty-two adolescents and young adults (85 with normal weight and 97 with overweight/obesity; 10-21 years) were recruited. The estimated AL index included the following: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and cortisol. ACEs were measured using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. The neuropsychological evaluation included the assessment of inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility processes.
RESULTS: AL was not significantly associated with executive functioning, and this relationship did not depend on body-weight status. ACEs, available for 57 of 182 participants, were significantly associated with poorer executive functioning.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that AL is not associated with executive functioning in adolescents and young adults. Since the current sample was young, we hypothesize that a longer exposure to AL might be required for its negative effects to surface. Nevertheless, exposure to early adversity seems to be associated with poorer executive functioning in youth.
PURPOSE:To obtain the titled composition having excellent conditioning effect and pearl luster stability, by compounding a homo- or copolymer of a dialkyldiallylammonium salt with a pearl luster-imparting agent and a tert- alcohol having a hydrocarbon group of a specific C number. CONSTITUTION:The objective shampoo composition contains (A) 0.05-5wt.% (preferably 0.1-3wt.%) of a homopolymer or copolymer of a dialkyldiallylammonium salt, (B) 0.1-10wt.% (preferably 0.1-5wt.%) of a pearl luster-imparting agent (e.g. ethylene glycol distearate) and (C) 0.01-0.6wt.% (preferably 0.05-0.3wt.%) of a tert-alcohol having 8-20C hydrocarbon group (e.g. linalool). The component C prevents the coagulation and precipitation of the pearl luster-imparting agent even by storing the composition over a long period at a high temperature. The component A is preferably e.g. dimethyldiallylammonium chloride polymer or acrylamide copolymer of formulas I and II.
Initial intervention with six injections into the left biceps. A second intervention with 36 injections into the right biceps.
BACKGROUND: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) harbours the most aggressive phenotype of all lung cancers to correlate with its bleak prognosis. The aggression of SCLC is partially attributable to its strong metastatic tendencies. The biological processes facilitating the metastasis in SCLC are still poorly understood and garnering a deeper understanding of these processes may enable the exploration of additional targets against this cancer hallmark in the treatment of SCLC.
RECENT FINDINGS: This narrative review will discuss the proposed molecular mechanisms by which the cancer hallmark of activating invasion and metastasis is featured in SCLC through important steps of the metastatic pathway, and address the various molecular targets that may be considered for therapeutic intervention. The tumour immune microenvironment plays an important role in facilitating immunotherapy resistance, whilst the poor infiltration of natural killer cells in particular fosters a pro-metastatic environment in SCLC. SCLC vasculogenesis is achieved through VEGF expression and vascular mimicry, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition is facilitated by the expression of the transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin, the suppression of the Notch signalling pathway and tumour heterogeneity. Nuclear factor I/B, selectin and B1 integrin hold important roles in SCLC migration, whilst various molecular markers are expressed by SCLC to assist organ-specific homing during metastasis. The review will also discuss a recent article observing miR-1 mRNA upregulation as a potential therapeutic option in targeting the metastatic activity of SCLC.
CONCLUSION: Treatment of SCLC remains a clinical challenge due to its recalcitrant and aggressive nature. Amongst the many hallmarks used by SCLC to enable its aggressive behaviour, that of its ability to invade surrounding tissue and metastasise is particularly notable and understanding the molecular mechanisms in SCLC metastasis can identify therapeutic targets to attenuate SCLC aggression and improve mortality.
Provided are phenylalkylamines, such as 2, 5 -disubstituted and 2,4,5-trisubstituted phenylalkylamines. In some embodiments, the phenylalkylamines are asymmetrically substituted. In some embodiments, such compounds modulate the activity of monoamine receptors and/or monoamine transporters. Also provided are methods for the preparation of phenylalkylamines and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Methods of using the phenylalkylamines, alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, are provided. In some embodiments, phenylalkylamines are used to treat CNS disorders, such as mental health conditions and neurodegenerative disorders, or are used for the improvement of mental health or functioning.
Patients in the standard arm will receive standard starting dose of tacrolimus that is clinically used i.e. 0.1 mg/kg/dose twice a day.
Conduct disorder (CD), characterized by antisocial and aggressive behavior, affects 2-2.5% of children and adolescents. CD is a risk factor for antisocial personality disorder, and despite the fact that a CD diagnosis completely relies on behavioral symptoms, research has identified neurocognitive impairments.
The prevalence of obesity among youth has increased dramatically in recent years. Parallel to the increased rates of pediatric obesity, overweight children present clinically with adiposity related comorbidities such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The prevailing recommendations for overweight youth are to increase physical activity levels and limit energy intake in order to improve body composition. Currently there is little empirical evidence to support the efficacy of these recommendations. Alternatively, evidence in adults suggests that nutritional supplementation with (-) hydroxycitric acid (HCA), an organic acid found naturally in citrus fruits, and chromium may lead to favorable changes in body composition and improve glucose regulation. To date, these issues have not been tested in youth. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation is to examine the effects of a nutritional education program combined with either HCA + chromium or placebo on measures of body composition and glucose regulation in overweight adolescents.
PCT No. PCT/EP85/00735 Sec. 371 Date Aug. 26, 1986 Sec. 102(e) Date Aug. 26, 1986 PCT Filed Dec. 21, 1985 PCT Pub. No. WO86/03967 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 17, 1986.A chewing gum which consists of a chewing gum base, fats or waxes, fillers, additives and active substances, the chewing gum base being present in a particle size of 0.2 to 1 mm, together with the fillers, additives and active substances, in the matrix of fats and waxes. The tablet form is preferably coated with a tablet coating. Production is effected by separately comminuting the chewing gum base on the one hand and the matrix on the other hand at low temperatures, mixing the two types of granules and then pressing the mixture on a cooled tableting press. Finally, the tablets are coated with a covering layer and slowly heated to 40 DEG -45 DEG  C.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heterocyclic derivative effective for suppressing the expression of adhesive molecule and useful as an agent such as antiinflammatory agent, antirheumatic agent and antiallergic agent. SOLUTION: This heterocyclic derivative is expressed by the formula I (A, B, C and D are each independently N or C; X is N or C; Y is N or C when X is N or Y is H, a 1-4C alkyl, etc., when X is C; R1 is H, amino, etc.; R2 , R3 and R4 are each independently H, OH, etc.), e.g. 3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl) benzo[b]thiophene. The compound of the formula I can be produced by reacting a heterocyclic compound of the formula II with a benzyl halide of the formula III having protected functional groups in the presence of a base (e.g. sodium hydride) at a temperature between 0 deg.C and the boiling point of the solvent or solvent mixture for 10min to several days.
The exemplary embodiments may provide adaptivity in the basal portion value. The exemplary embodiments may also provide adaptivity of the total daily medicament (TDM) delivery amount. The adaptivity provided by the exemplary embodiments helps to customize medicament delivery to the needs of the user of a medicament delivery device. The exemplary embodiments may adapt the basal ratio for the user based on historical medicament delivery data for the user. In addition, the exemplary embodiments may update the basal ratio based upon more recent trends that diverge from the historical medicament delivery data. The degree of adaptivity provided by the exemplary embodiments may be bound to not exceed an upper threshold and/or a lower threshold. The degree of adaptivity may be modulated by controlling the rate of adaptivity too small increments each time the basal ratio is updated.
Acute scrotum is a medical emergency that requires prompt accurate diagnosis to appropriately triage potentially surgical conditions. Numerous differential diagnoses with overlapping clinical presentations make this a diagnostic challenge. Ultrasound is the established first-line imaging modality for acute scrotal disease and can be used to diagnose most scrotal disorders promptly and with high accuracy. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer reviewed journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where peer reviewed literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation.
PURPOSE:To provide a composition used for jelly sprays, comprising a propellant and a raw solution containing a thickening agent and an alcohol in specific amounts, being sprayed in a mist-like state when sprayed, forming a jelly product on a coated surface, and giving a cold touch with the sprayed jelly. CONSTITUTION:A composition used for jelly sprays comprises a raw solution and a propellant, the raw solution comprising 0.1-20wt.% of a thickening agent (e.g. hydroxypropyl cellulose) and 50-99.9wt.% of an alcohol (e.g. a denaturated alcohol). The raw solution and the propellant (e.g. the mixture of dimethylether, liquidized petroleum gas, etc.) are contained in a raw solution : propellant weight ratio of 15:85 to 80:20, respectively. The composition can be applied to a treatment agent, skin care, hair-raising agent, antipruritics, etc. The thickening agent is a component for enhancing the viscosity of the raw solution to control the dropping and scattering of the solution, and the content of the alcohol is high. The applied composition is rapidly dried and can give cool touch with increase in the volume of the gas.
Homonymous hemianopia (HH) patients due to long-standing post-chiasmatic lesions between 2017 and 2020 were included in the study . To eliminate spontaneous neuronal recovery only the patients with hemianopia, diagnosed at least six months before the initial examination and who had undergone full clinical MRI evaluation were included. Initially all patients were applied peripheral field expander 40 D horizontal Peli prisms. In the initial and follow-up examinations, in addition to neurological history, a complete ophthalmologic examination was performed, followed by computerized visual field examination using Estermann binocular field program and Swedish Interactive treshold algorithm program (SITA 30-2) (Zeiss Humphrey3-850). Ganglion cell layer thickness was measured by OCT (Zeiss Cirrus HD Oct) and compared with the normal retinal image.
LY3484356 administered as single dose orally on Day 1 and carbamazepine administered orally as single dose on Days 5 to 11. The single dose of LY3484356 co-administered with a single dose of carbamazepine on Day 12 orally followed by single dose of carbamazepine administered orally on Days 13 to 15.
BACKGROUND: Functional popliteal entrapment syndrome (FPES) is an under-recognized source of leg pain caused by dynamic compression of the popliteal vessels by surrounding musculature in the absence of anatomic abnormality. Late recognition and difficulty capturing this entity across imaging modalities can lead to significant morbidity in an often young and active patient population. Surgical outcomes and optimal diagnostic strategies remain uncertain.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients undergoing surgical decompression for FPES at an academic medical center between 2018 and 2022. Preoperative symptoms, patient characteristics, imaging, operative details, and follow-up were captured. The primary outcome was symptomatic improvement at last clinic visit. Secondary outcomes included symptomatic improvement at 6 months and postoperative complications.
RESULTS: A total of 24 extremities (16 patients) were included. The mean ± standard deviation age was 23.3 ± 6.4 years and 75.0% of patients were female. The median symptom duration before decompression was 27 months (interquartile range, 10.7-74.6 months). Preoperative symptom severity in the affected extremity was as follows: 33.3% limited from peak exercise, 25% unable to exercise, and 41.7% with debilitating symptoms that affected activities of daily living. Preoperative imaging with provocative maneuvers included duplex ultrasound (87.5%), magnetic resonance angiography (100%), and digital subtraction angiography (100%). Using digital subtraction angiography as the gold standard, the sensitivity for detection of FPES was 85.7% for duplex examination and 58.3% for magnetic resonance angiography. The median follow-up was 451 days (interquartile range, 281-635 days). Most patients demonstrated durable improvement in the affected extremity, with 29.2% realizing complete resolution of symptoms and 37.5% reporting symptomatic improvement at last clinic visit for a total of 66.7%; 20.8% had initial improvement, but developed recurrent symptoms and were found to have elevated compartment pressures consistent with chronic exertional compartment syndrome and were treated with formal fasciotomy. Repeat decompression was required in one extremity (4.2%) owing to recurrent symptoms. Two patients (8.3%) had minimal or no improvement in their affected extremity and workup for the cause of continued discomfort was ongoing.
CONCLUSIONS: Delays in diagnosis of FPES are common. Provocative maneuvers until replication of symptoms across multiple imaging modalities may be necessary to reliably identify the disease process. Surgical decompression improved or completely resolved symptoms in two-thirds of extremities. Treating physicians should maintain suspicion for comorbid chronic exertional compartment syndrome, especially if symptoms recur or persist after decompression.
Patients receive placebo PO BID for weeks 0-4 and then receive BRB nectar PO BID for weeks 6-10 in the absence of unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo collection of nasal swabs, blood, urine, and stool samples at weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Smoking remains the most important threat to public health. The majority of smokers wish to quit smoking and every year a substantial part of smokers makes a quit attempt. However, the majority of smokers tries to quit unassisted and existing smoking cessation interventions are underused. In this study we test the effectiveness of four different smoking cessation interventions in a randomized controlled trial. The study provides knowledge on factors important for recruitment and gives indication on potential reach of interventions among the general population. This knowledge can help us in designing interventions that is both effective but also have a high reach in the general population.
Symptomatic knee OA is one of the most frequent causes of limitation in lower limb tasks, especially in the elderly. Knee OA causes 68 million lost work days per year. OA is the most frequent reason for joint replacement, at a cost of billions of dollars per year. There are currently no completely effective medical remedies for OA. Pharmaceutical companies are trying to develop drugs that will slow the disease progression of OA; however, such medications will be expensive to use in a population in which OA is common. There is evidence that vitamin D supplementation, a simple and much cheaper intervention, may prove useful in slowing the progression of OA. Even if only modestly effective, it could have considerable impact in terms of reducing the societal burden of OA. Therefore, in the interests of public health, the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation as a disease-modifying treatment for OA needs to be tested in a rigorous clinical trial. Disease modification trials for knee OA have been difficult in the past due to limitations of radiographic techniques. Fortunately, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a valid, precise, and reproducible tool for the measurement of damage of cartilage and joint structures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of vitamin D on knee OA symptoms and physical function in older adults.

Patients with symptomatic knee OA will be randomly assigned to receive vitamin D at 2,000 International Units (IU) a day or placebo. Each participant will be in the study for about 2 years. During that time, there will be 9 scheduled study visits (screening, Months 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24) and interim safety visits as needed. Measurements of vital signs, a knee exam, blood and urine collection, pill counts, and completion of questionnaires will occur at all visits. Participants' physical function will be assessed at study entry and Months 0, 12, and 24. MRI, bone density scanning, and an assessment by the study staff will occur at Months 0, 12, and 24. Knee x-rays will occur at study screening and Month 24.
NEW MATERIAL:A compound of formula I (X and Y are H or halogen; R<1> and R<2> are lower alkyl, benzyl or together form ethylene). EXAMPLE:2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-methylpropyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole nitrate salt. USE:A medicine. An antifungal agent. The compound of formula I is active to the superficial mycosis and deep mycosis of mammalians including men. The oral administration amount of the compound of formula I is usually 50-1000mg/ adult/day. PREPARATION:A compound of formula II [Z is methylsulfonyloxy or (4- methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy] is reacted with 1H-1,2,4-triazole of formula III in the presence of a base such as NaH in a solvent such as N,N- dimethylformamide at room temperature-the refluxing temperature of the solvent preferably for 30min-24hr to provide the compound of formula I.