anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVES: Histopathological characteristics of granulomas in perianal fistula of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) remain unexplored. We aimed to assess the histopathological features of granulomas in perianal fistula in CD.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted by reviewing the medical and pathological records of 4430 cases who underwent perianal fistulectomy at our hospital between June 2015 and June 2023. The patients were divided into the CD group, tuberculosis (TB), and non-CD group, respectively, based on their final diangosis. The detection rate of granulomas and differential histopathological features were investigated.
RESULTS: Among the 4430 patients, granulomas were identified in 41 cases, including 25 had CD, 2 had pulmonary TB, and 14 only exhibiting perianal lesions with no other comorbidities. Additionally, there were altogether 93 CD cases, resulting in a detection rate of granuloma of 26.9%, which was considerably higher than that in the non-CD group (26.9% vs 0.3%, p < 0.001). The majority (85.7%) of the perianal fistula tissues in the non-CD group contained foreign body giant cells, while this was observed in only 1 (4.0%) out of the 25 cases with CD. We proposed that granulomas in the perianal fistula in the non-CD group were mostly foreign body granulomas. Moreover, granulomas in the non-CD group were larger than that of the CD group (1135 μm vs 519 μm, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Most CD cases have less granulomas (≤3) and no foreign body giant cells. Ribbon-like granulomas can be seen only in CD cases.
OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the toxicity associated with cyclophosphamide and rituximab (IDEC-C2B8 monoclonal antibody) as first line treatment in patients with stage III or IV indolent B-cell lymphoma. II. Determine the objective tumor response rate and duration of response associated with this first line treatment in these patients. III. Determine the failure-free and overall survival for these patients. IV. Compare the response rate and survival rates for patients with indolent lymphoma who were treated with this treatment as the first systemic therapy for their disease with response rates and survival observed for similar patients treated in published trials. V. Determine the quality of life associated with this treatment in this patient population.

OUTLINE: This is an open label study. Patients receive oral cyclophosphamide daily and rituximab (IDEC-C2B8 monoclonal antibody) IV on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 for the first 4-week course. Patients then receive oral cyclophosphamide daily and rituximab IV monthly until 2 months beyond maximum response. Patients are treated for at least 6 months but no more than 18 months in the absence of disease progression. Patients are followed every 3 months for 2 years, then every 6 months for the next 2 years, and then annually for up to 10 years.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: There will be 20-40 patients accrued into this study.
Itch is a protective sensation that drives scratching. Although specific cell types have been proposed to underlie itch, the neural basis for itch remains unclear. Here, we used two-photon Ca2+ imaging of the dorsal horn to visualize neuronal populations that are activated by itch-inducing agents. We identify a convergent population of spinal interneurons recruited by diverse itch-causing stimuli that represents a subset of neurons that express the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). Moreover, we find that itch is conveyed to the brain via GRPR-expressing spinal output neurons that target the lateral parabrachial nuclei. We then show that the kappa opioid receptor agonist nalfurafine relieves itch by selectively inhibiting GRPR spinoparabrachial neurons. These experiments provide a population-level view of the spinal neurons that respond to pruritic stimuli, pinpoint the output neurons that convey itch to the brain, and identify the cellular target of kappa opioid receptor agonists for the inhibition of itch.
ALS is a motor neuron disease characterized by a progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. Degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons (UMN and LMN) leads to spasticity, impaired reflexes, muscle fatigue, muscle weakness and atrophy. PLS is a motor neuron disease involving exclusively the UMN system and Kennedy's disease is a genetic condition involving the LMN system. Those three different motor neuron diseases can lead to a dysarthria. Affected individuals with ALS vary significantly in the locus of disease onset, presentation at diagnosis and rate of progression. Regardless of the site of onset, most patients with ALS will experience bulbar motor deterioration that will lead to a dysarthria. According to Darley's classification of dysarthrias, dysarthria in ALS is grossly described as "mixed" (both spastic, due the UMN deterioration, and flaccid, due to the LMN deterioration). However, at the onset of bulbar signs, when the dysarthria is still mild, dysarthric profiles and bulbar clinical signs can vary within individuals. Perceptual and acoustic features of dysarthria in ALS have been studied but they have not been studied in dysarthric patients with PLS and KD. This study was motivated by the need to better understand the dysarthria in ALS and it's management in speech therapy. The goals of this study is to question the impact of the degeneration of the UMN system versus the LMN system on the speech motor system and see if the investigators can identify acoustic and perceptual markers related to UMN degeneration on one side and LMN degeneration on the other side. The investigators will compare acoustic and perceptual features between the recorded speech of different clinical groups. Clinical groups will be made according to clinical signs and EMG. The clinical signs for UMN involvement in the bulbar region are: gag reflex, jaw clonus, pseudobulbar features (lability). The clinical signs for LMN involvement are: lingual atrophy and fasciculation. The population will be composed by groups of ALS-LMN patients, ALS-UMN patients , PLS patients and KD patients and a control group already recruited by the LPP (Laboratoire de Phonétique et de Phonologie) team (CNRS...) which permitted to establish the standards of the "MonPaGe" tool that the investigators will use to analyse patients recorded speech. This tool is based on a multidimensional and quantified assessment of voice and speech, by a set of targeted acoustic and perceptual criteria.
Parent-adolescent pairs will be in the study for a total of nine weeks from enrollment to the follow up visit. During Week 1, the parent will receive Reiki training, a poster with suggested hand positions and a commercially-available book about Reiki in the home. During Week 2 the parent will receive a Reiki booster session with a repeat of the training and may ask questions in the home. At the end of Week 4, measures will be repeated either in person or by phone. During Week 8, measures will be repeated, another hair sample obtained and the parent will participate in a qualitative interview. The qualitative interview will be administered in person by trained Ohio State University College of Nursing study staff as part of the interview session. Interviews will be audio recorded using a hand-held audio recording device. Audio recording is voluntary and participants can choose to not have their interview recorded and still be a part of the study.
Individually titrate ACTIQ to a dose that provides adequate analgesia and minimizes side effects. The initial dose of ACTIQ to treat episodes of breakthrough cancer pain is always 200 mcg. The ACTIQ unit should be consumed over 15 minutes. Patients should be prescribed an initial titration supply of six 200 mcg ACTIQ units, thus limiting the number of units in the home during titration. Patients should use up all units before increasing to a higher dose to prevent confusion and possible overdose. 

Repeat Dosing

  1. In cases where the breakthrough pain episode is not relieved after 15 minutes after completion of the ACTIQ unit (30 minutes after the start of the unit), patients may take ONLY ONE additional dose using the same strength for that episode. Thus patients should take a maximum of two doses of ACTIQ for any episode of breakthrough pain.
  2. Patients MUST wait at least 4 hours before treating another episode of breakthrough pain with ACTIQ.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite advances in therapeutics, a significant portion of patients with Crohn's disease still require surgical management. In this article, we present updates to the natural history, prognostication and postoperative monitoring, and novel therapeutics in the prevention and treatment of postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence.
RECENT FINDINGS: Clinical risk factors have been associated with higher rates of postoperative recurrence (POR), and in recent studies demonstrate an increased cumulative risk with presence of additional risk factors. Additional novel clinical, histologic, and "-omic" risk factors for recurrence have recently been elucidated, including the role of the mesentery on recurrence and perioperative intraabdominal septic complications. High-risk patients benefit most from medical prophylaxis, including anti-TNF with or without immunomodulator therapy to prevent recurrence. New biologics such as vedolizumab and ustekinumab have emerging evidence in the use of prophylaxis, especially with recent REPREVIO trial data. Non-invasive disease monitoring, such as cross-sectional enterography, intestinal ultrasound, and fecal calprotectin, have been validated against ileocolonoscopy. Recent advances in the prediction, prevention, and monitoring algorithms of postoperative Crohn's disease may be leading to a reduction in postoperative recurrence. Ongoing trials will help determine optimal monitoring and management strategies for this at-risk population.
Nicardipine hydrochloride capsules produced dose-related decreases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in clinical trials. The antihypertensive efficacy of nicardipine hydrochloride capsules administered three times daily has been demonstrated in three placebo-controlled studies involving 517 patients with mild to moderate hypertension. The blood pressure responses in the three studies were statistically significant from placebo at peak (1 hour postdosing) and trough (8 hours postdosing) although it is apparent that well over half of the antihypertensive effect is lost by the end of the dosing interval. The results from placebo-controlled studies of nicardipine hydrochloride capsules given three times daily are shown in the following table:

The responses are shown as differences from the concurrent placebo control group. The large changes between peak and trough effects were not accompanied by observed side effects at peak response times. In a study using 24 hour intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring, the circadian variation in blood pressure remained unaltered, but the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced throughout the whole 24 hours.

When added to beta-blocker therapy, nicardipine hydrochloride capsules further lower both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
In the Normal saline group, 5 ml of normal saline was injected into the Merocel pack 15 minutes before removal of the pack. Nothing will be done to the opposite nostril.
The invention discloses mantis egg-case formula granules, and a preparation method and quality control method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: extracting the raw material mantis egg-case herbal pieces with water twice, concentrating under reduced pressure, carrying out spray drying, granulating by a dry process, and the like to obtain the mantis egg-case formula granules. Every gram of mantis egg-case formula granules is equivalent to 12-15 grams of crude drug. The mantis egg-case formula granules are subjected to quality identification by thin-layer chromatography. On the basis of the traditional Chinese medicine decoction, the invention combines the modern high-tech extractor, pharmaceutical technology and thin-layer chromatographic scanning technology, refers to the research of mantis egg-case chemical composition to perform extraction process research and thin-layer chromatography identification method research on the mantis egg-case, thereby obtaining the mantis egg-case formula granules which can be taken by being directly dissolved before use. The medicine can implement complete component extraction, scientific production and controllable quality, and can implement large-scale production. The medicine is convenient and sanitary to take, and convenient for storage.
OBJECTIVE: Abscess tonsillectomy is performed during an active episode of quinsy. Apprehensions regarding an elevated bleeding risk have hindered its widespread acceptance. This study aims to assess the prevalence of post-tonsillectomy bleeding (PTB) associated with abscess tonsillectomy.
DATA SOURCES: A search was performed on August 27, 2023 in Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases.
REVIEW METHODS: The systematic review was conducted in adherence to the PRISMA guidelines. Pooled PTB rate was determined using a meta-analysis of proportions. The JBI tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies.
RESULTS: Of the 525 search records, 18 studies met the eligibility criteria for final analysis. These comprised of retrospective single-center analyses. The pooled prevalence of PTB was 6.65% (95% C.I. 4.01-9.81), and the return-to-theatre rate was 2.35% (95% C.I. 1.48-3.37). There was no difference in PTB rate between unilateral and bilateral tonsillectomy. However, the bipolar technique was associated with a higher PTB rate compared to cold steel dissection. The overall quality of the body of evidence was moderate.
CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the complications associated with abscess tonsillectomy. These findings contribute valuable insights into this potential treatment option for quinsy.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A Laryngoscope, 134:4186-4195, 2024.
BACKGROUND: Low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden of communicable diseases. Social interaction data inform infectious disease models and disease prevention strategies. The variations in demographics and contact patterns across ages, cultures, and locations significantly impact infectious disease dynamics and pathogen transmission. LMICs lack sufficient social interaction data for infectious disease modeling.
METHODS: To address this gap, we will collect qualitative and quantitative data from eight study sites (encompassing both rural and urban settings) across Guatemala, India, Pakistan, and Mozambique. We will conduct focus group discussions and cognitive interviews to assess the feasibility and acceptability of our data collection tools at each site. Thematic and rapid analyses will help to identify key themes and categories through coding, guiding the design of quantitative data collection tools (enrollment survey, contact diaries, exit survey, and wearable proximity sensors) and the implementation of study procedures. We will create three age-specific contact matrices (physical, nonphysical, and both) at each study site using data from standardized contact diaries to characterize the patterns of social mixing. Regression analysis will be conducted to identify key drivers of contacts. We will comprehensively profile the frequency, duration, and intensity of infants' interactions with household members using high resolution data from the proximity sensors and calculating infants' proximity score (fraction of time spent by each household member in proximity with the infant, over the total infant contact time) for each household member.
DISCUSSION: Our qualitative data yielded insights into the perceptions and acceptability of contact diaries and wearable proximity sensors for collecting social mixing data in LMICs. The quantitative data will allow a more accurate representation of human interactions that lead to the transmission of pathogens through close contact in LMICs. Our findings will provide more appropriate social mixing data for parameterizing mathematical models of LMIC populations. Our study tools could be adapted for other studies.
Biliary strictures may be benign or malignant. The major aetiology of a malignant biliary stricture includes a primary tumour or local extension, such as cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). There is still ongoing debate about adequate diagnostics in bile duct strictures of unknown aetiology. The application of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) is considered to be an essential tool in bile duct strictures. The advantage of ERCP is the ability to achieve biliary decompression and take transpapillary specimens for histological or cytological analysis at the same time. Unfortunately, biliary brush cytology and/or biopsies are often insensitive at detecting malignancy, especially PDAC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are newly recognised, small pieces of genetic code that are crucial for regulating cancer genes. It has been previously shown that miRNA "signatures" in tissue and biofluids can be used to detect and prognosticate PDAC. Bile is potentially a rich source of novel biomarkers for PDAC and BTC due to its intimate proximity to the malignant lesion.

This prospective, non-randomised, observational, single-blinded study will investigate, as its primary endpoint, whether candidate biliary miRNAs can differentiate between benign and malignant pancreaticobiliary disease/strictures in patients undergoing ERCP. In order to also generate hypotheses, this study also has several exploratory endpoints for translational research. This will focus on patients with presenting with PDAC, correlating miRNA levels with clinicopathologic factors and survival outcomes, in order to establish bile miRNAs as predictive and prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, the study will aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and source of the dysregulated biliary miRNAs in PDAC.

In summary, there is currently no effective method to differentiate malignant from benign biliary strictures, or the ability to stratify these tumours pre-operatively based on their biological subtype and aggressiveness. The proposed study aims to improve the speed and accuracy of diagnosing these tumours by using measuring bile-based miRNA signatures. Importantly, it has been shown that biliary miRNAs can be easily extracted and analysed, and these molecules are stable in clinical settings. The development of clinically useful biliary miRNA biomarkers will result in considerable patient benefits.
This invention provides plant medicine for treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma and its preparation method and use. The plant medicine is composed by water extracts of the following raw materials: sujiangcao(Chinese name)10-50g, globethistle root(10-50g), radix semiaquilegiae(5-30g), mongolian snakegourd(5-30g), herba agrimoniae(10-50g), oyster(5-30g). The preparing method is: 1). Immerse  the above medical plant into water by volume of 4-12 times, fry them for 1-3 hours, have them filtered to acquire the filtered liquid, then again add water by volume of 4-12 times and fry again for 0.5-2 hours, have it filtered, 2). Combine the two acquired filtered liquid, make it still, take the supernatantal liquid and have it concentrated, cooling down, add ethanol by volume of 1-4 times, depositing after stirring, leave it for the second day, take the supernatantal liquid and have it concentrated till it forms thick cream. This cream can be processed into the form of sirup, medical mist, oral liquid, granules, tablets, capsules etc. This anti liver cancer plant medicine has a high curative effect and there's no virulence and side effects.
FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to new compounds of general formula 1, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts showing the properties of incretin secretagogues, preferentially the properties of a bile acid receptor TGR5 agonist. The compounds are applicable for treating metabolic diseases associated with glucose metabolism, such as diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, etc. In formula 1 R1, R2 and R3 independently represent a cyclic system substitute specified in: hydrogen, C1-C3alkyl, halogen, a trifluoromethyl group, C1-C3alkoxy, a cyano group, a trifluoromethoxy group; an amino group substituted by C1-C3alkyl; or two radicals R3, found at carbon neighbours in a benzene ring, together with the benzene ring bound therewith form 3,4-methylene dioxyphenyl; R4 represents hydrogen, C1-C5alkyl, a carboxyl group, C1-C3alkoxycarbonyl or an amide group CONHR5; R5 is an optionally substituted by C1-C3alkyl, C5-C6cycloalkyl optionally substituted by phenyl, benzyl, pyridyl; X and Y represent two hydrogen atoms or an oxygen atom, provided Y=O, then X=2H, provided Y=2H, then X=O or X=Y=2H; the sign (N) shows the possibility of bioisosteric substitution of the benzene ring by the pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine or pyrazine ones. ^ EFFECT: preparing the pharmaceutical composition and the combined drugs with the use of the compounds of formula 1 or the based pharmaceutical composition and a protein kinase DPP-IV inhibitor specified in Vildagliptin or Sitagliptin, and/or an endogenous bile acid or mied bile acid secretagogues. ^ 53 cl, 7 dwg, 8 ex
The effectiveness of Curodont treatment in this group will be compared to other treatment options and cohorts. Curodont will be professionally applied in the dental clinic. The treatment time takes about 5 minutes. Patients receive one professional dose application and be provided with homecare instructions and will be instructed to return for regular dental visits and exams according to the frequency determined by their dental team, usually every 6 months.
BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a major problem that contributes to a high mortality rate. Its mortality is especially high in patients with malignancy. One study reported that sepsis patients with malignancy have a 2.32 times higher risk of mortality compared to patients without malignancy. For this reason, factors that influence mortality in sepsis patients with malignancy become especially important to provide effective and efficient therapy. This study aims to identify factors that influence mortality in sepsis patients with malignancy.
METHODS: This study is a retrospective cohort study using medical records of sepsis patients with malignancy who were treated at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2020 to 2022. A bivariate analysis was carried out and followed by a logistic regression analysis on variables with p-value<0.25 on the bivariate analysis.
RESULTS: Among the 350 eligible sepsis subjects with malignancy, there was an 82% mortality rate (287 subjects). Bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed significant associations between mortality and both SOFA score (adjusted Odds Ratio of 5.833, 95%CI 3.214-10.587) and ECOG performance status (adjusted Odds Ratio of 3.490, 95%CI 1.690-7.208).
CONCLUSION: SOFA score and ECOG performance status are significantly associated with sepsis patient mortality in malignancy cases.