anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: To review the literature to outline findings from clinical trials assessing interventions for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in patients who have progressed on androgen receptor-axis-targeted (ARAT) therapies.
METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed to identify trials that assessed the efficacy and safety of interventions used in patients that progressed on prior ARAT therapies. A literature search was conducted using the OVID platform that searched the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL bibliographic databases.
RESULTS: Of the 10,114 citations identified, a total of 36 studies representing 33 unique trials were included in the review. Of the 33 trials, 21 were randomized controlled trials and 12 were single-arm trials. A total of 11 were phase III trials, 13 were phase II trials, and 2 were phase I trials. The majority of included trials were open-label (n = 29) and the remaining were double-blind (n = 4). A total of 16 trials evaluated ARAT based therapies, 7 trials evaluated taxane-based treatments, 10 trials evaluated PARP inhibitors, 8 trials evaluated immunotherapies, and 8 trials evaluated other therapies (i.e. cabozantinib, mitoxantrone, radium-223,177[Lu-177]-PNT2002,177Lu-PSMA-617, samotolisib).
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review demonstrated there are limited effective treatment options in this patient population. Unlike other cancer types, immunotherapy agents appear to provide little to no benefit. Conversely, agents such as taxane-based chemotherapy (e.g. cabazitaxel) and radionuclide therapy provide the most value in this patient population. Further research is needed to explore new therapies in this disease area and to optimize existing treatment strategies with more effective combination therapies.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new compound useful as a primary intermediate in oxidative hair-dyeing treatment and capable of dyeing gray hair into colors from ash color through neutral brown to blue by coupling to conventional coupler. SOLUTION: This N-(4-aminophenyl)prolineamide is represented by formula I. The compound of formula I is obtained by reacting, e.g. 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene with L-proline in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF, stirring the resultant compound of formula II, triethylamine, ethylchloroformate in THF, saturating the mixed solution with ammonia to afford a compound of formula III, and successively hydrogenating the compound of formula III in ethanol in the presence of Pd on carbon. The compound is reacted with a coupler in the presence of an oxidizing agent to produce an oxidative hair dyeing agent. 3-Aminophenol, 2, 4-diaminophenoxyethanol, on the like, is exemplified as the coupler.
After attempting at 2-4 months of repositioning therapy, infants with residual cranial deformation may be treated with a custom made helmet (cranial remolding orthosis) which is adjusted every few weeks to direct skull growth. It is worn 23 hours per day. Physical therapy will be provided, if indicated, for treatment of torticollis. This is a standard treatment.
Oral carcinogenicity studies of up to two years duration were conducted at starting doses of 10, 30, and 60 mg/kg/day in rats (8 to 48 times the maximum recommended human dose [MRHD] on a mg/m2 basis) and at 50, 150, and 250 mg/kg/day in mice (28 to 140 times the MRHD). In the rat study, the high- and mid-dose male and female groups had their doses lowered to 40 and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively, in week 51 because of effects on survival. The high-dose males and females were taken off drug completely in weeks 69 and 93, respectively. The only evidence of ambrisentan-related carcinogenicity was a positive trend in male rats, for the combined incidence of benign basal cell tumor and basal cell carcinoma of skin/subcutis in the mid-dose group (high-dose group excluded from analysis), and the occurrence of mammary fibroadenomas in males in the high-dose group. In the mouse study, high-dose male and female groups had their doses lowered to 150 mg/kg/day in week 39 and were taken off drug completely in week 96 (males) or week 76 (females). In mice, ambrisentan was not associated with excess tumors in any dosed group. 

  


Positive findings of clastogenicity were detected, at drug concentrations producing moderate to high toxicity, in the chromosome aberration assay in cultured human lymphocytes. There was no evidence for genetic toxicity of ambrisentan when tested in vitro in bacteria (Ames test) or in vivo in rats (micronucleus assay, unscheduled DNA synthesis assay). 

  


The development of testicular tubular atrophy and impaired fertility has been linked to the chronic administration of endothelin receptor antagonists in rodents. Testicular tubular degeneration was observed in rats treated with ambrisentan for two years at doses >10 mg/kg/day (8-fold MRHD). Increased incidences of testicular findings were also observed in mice treated for two years at doses >50 mg/kg/day (28-fold MRHD). Effects on sperm count, sperm morphology, mating performance, and fertility were observed in fertility studies in which male rats were treated with ambrisentan at oral doses of 300 mg/kg/day (236-fold MRHD). At doses of >10 mg/kg/day, observations of testicular histopathology in the absence of fertility and sperm effects were also present.
Linear endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) now plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment planning of lung cancer. Most centers perform linear EBUS via the oral route given the larger diameter of the bronchoscope used. However, the feasibility and the diagnostic accuracy of linear EBUS performed through the nose have not been reported. Furthermore, the two routes of insertion have never been compared in terms of patient satisfaction and comfort.

In order to compare the two routes of insertion, consecutive patients referred for a linear endobronchial ultrasound will be recruited. Participants will be randomized to either oral or nasal insertion. All participants will be sedated and will receive local anesthetics in a similar manner. After the procedure, patients will fill a questionnaire regarding their comfort and satisfaction with the procedure.
This study aims to determine the frequency and clinical manifestations of dengue and chikungunya viral infections in the district hospital of Mfou, Centre region of Cameroon where malaria is endemic. Blood samples were collected from suspected cases and tested for Plasmodium parasites and for the molecular detection of viral RNAs (dengue, zika and chikungunya viruses) using TRIOPLEX qPCR. A total of 108 patients were clinically suspected among which 25 % were male and 50 % were less than 15.5 years old. Of these 14.8 % (16/108) and 2.8 % (3/108) had acute dengue and chikungunya fevers respectively. Co-infection with malaria was reported in 56.3 % (9/16) of Dengue cases and 33.3 % (1/3) of chikungunya cases. Clinical profiling further revealed that nausea and vomiting show a significant difference in dengue infected individuals to those of non-infected individuals (P = 0.027). The presence of dengue fever and chikungunya fever and the absence of specific clinical manifestations highlight the need to strengthen surveillance of acute febrile infections for a better estimation of the burden of arboviruses.
In this case-control study, IGR was diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria recommended by the WHO in 1999. IGR was defined as impaired fasting glucose (\[FPG\] ≥ 6.1 mmol/L and \< 7.0 mmol/L, and \[OGTT2h\] \< 7.8 mmol/L) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (FPG \< 7.0 mmol/L, and OGTT2h ≥ 7.8 mmol/L and \< 11.1 mmol/L).
This is an uncontrolled, non-randomized trial to evaluate safety, immunogenicity and feasibility of a new vaccine, consisting of semi-allogeneic fibroblasts transfected with autologous tumor-derived DNA. Briefly, the plan is to use a two-stage trial design and to initially enroll 15 patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over a period of 2 years. The patients will undergo surgery and a portion of the primary tumor specimen not necessary for the pathologic diagnosis will be obtained to serve as a source of tumor DNA. Each DNA-based vaccine will contain 1 x 10e7 DNA-transfected human allogeneic fibroblasts. The vaccine will be lethally irradiated before it is used for immunization. It will be administered intradermally in the Outpatient Clinic. Patients delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses will be tested but will not be an eligibility criterion. Immunologic response to the vaccine will be evaluated. If there is no evidence of toxicity, and \>3 of the 15 initial patients show immunologic response, the second stage of the study will be opened for accrual of 22 patients. All patients will be monitored by IFN-g secretion in ELISPOT assays prior to and after vaccination for the frequency of T-cells responsive to autologous tumor (if available) and/or to the vaccine. The patients will also be evaluated before and after vaccination for the capability of their T cells to respond to activating signals delivered via the T cell receptor (TcR).
PCT No. PCT/GB93/02331 Sec. 371 Date May 12, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date May 12, 1995 PCT Filed Nov. 12, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO94/10990 PCT Pub. Date May 26, 1994The present invention is directed to the method of inhibiting the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in a condition mediated by TNF by administration of certain hydroxamic add derivatives, also known as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, and thus the method of this invention is useful in the management of diseases or conditions mediated by TNF.
This study will be conducted while the patient is partially assisted on a breathing machine and have been clinically indicated to mobilize as tolerated while in the weaning process in the ICU.

The investigators will use EIT to visualize where air goes in the patient's lungs and lung ultrasonography to visualize lung inflation in specific areas. EIT is a measurement often used in the ICU since it allows easy visualization and is a non-invasive technique. The sensors measure electrical current changes during inspiration and expiration and will not cause any pain or radiation concerns. The EIT belt (3-cm diameter) will be placed around the chest without causing adverse event/discomfort/pain to the injured thorax area and recording will occur for 5 minutes during the first supine position, then 30 minutes for each side of left and right lateral position using the 30 Degree wedge pillow to support. The pillow is routinely applied to every ICU patient when eligible to be positioned on their side. As routine practice, patients are turned on each side every 2 hours to prevent pressure sores. Lastly, the investigators will do a final 30-minute recording when the patient is turned back onto their back. The duration of study will be approximately 95 minutes per session, which includes placing the patient in the four positions (on the back, the left side, the right side and returning to the back). The investigators will perform the same protocol at three different times when they are at different stages of weaning off the breathing machine: i) during partially assisted breathing, ii.) during a high setting of spontaneous breathing and iii.) during low setting of spontaneous breathing). These 3 breathing machine's settings indicate the patient is on the pathway of weaning off the breathing machine. The total study hours will be 4.75 hours (3 sessions) and each breathing machine's setting will be adjusted by clinical team over time. The investigators will proceed with the measurements only with agreement from the clinical team. The investigators will analyze the data collected offline with a dedicated software afterwards.

This study may require arterial blood gas analysis at baseline and after the procedure, only if there is an arterial line in place. The information from the sample provides the investigator the status of participant's breathing and breathing machine settings. It allows for any appropriate adjustments to the breathing machine. After these study procedures are completed, data will also be collected from the participant's chart and combined with relevant information from the breathing machine settings and vital functions at each stage of position changes. Confidentiality will be maintained throughout the entire study.
Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) received intravenous (IV) infusions every 4 weeks of Tysabri at a dose of 300 milligram (mg) starting at Visit 1 (Week 0) through Visit 12 (Week 44), for a total of 12 infusions. At Week 24, patients in the Tysabri group were re-randomized through a re-randomization step. Patients re-randomized and switched from Tysabri to PB006 at Week 24 still received a total of 12 infusions (6 infusions of Tysabri and 6 infusions of PB006).
The invention discloses a swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus antigen fusion gene and recombinant bacillus megaterium, and their use. A Sad sequence of the swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus is connected to an anchor sequence of a streptococcus pyogenes cell wall so that the swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus antigen fusion gene is obtained. The swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus antigen fusion gene has a nucleotide sequence shown in the SEQ ID No.1. The invention further discloses a recombinant expression vector containing the swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus antigen fusion gene and the recombinant bacillus megaterium containing the recombinant expression vector. The recombinant bacillus megaterium is induced by xylose so that the swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus antigen fusion gene can be expressed on the streptococcus pyogenes cell wall surface. A result of a western blot experiment shows that the expressed recombinant protein can react with TGEV immune serum so that it is proved that the expressed recombinant protein has the antigenicity the same as antigenicity of the TGEV natural antigen and thus the expressed recombinant protein can be prepared into a safe and effective mucosal immune live bacterium vaccine for preventing and treating swine transmissible gastroenteritis.
PURPOSE: With epilepsy increasingly affecting older adults, seizure-related care needs arise in new settings. Persons in these settings must receive optimal support and challenges identified for remediation. This may entail the epilepsy community researching in unfamiliar environments. One setting is care homes. Seizure-related ambulance incidents in them are common. We conducted the first qualitative study with care home staff to explore their experiences and challenges in managing suspected seizures.
METHODS: Three online focus groups were organised for January 2024 to explore ambulance calls, post-incident procedures, and challenges faced by care home staff when managing seizures. Persons were eligible to participate if they worked as a care assistant, nurse or manager in a care home in North-West England. Different recruitment pathways were employed including direct approach, a managers' network, social media and a register of research interested homes. Focus group audio recordings were transcribed and analysed using Hamilton's Rapid Analysis.
RESULTS: Recruitment was difficult; 13 care home staff from 12 different homes were ultimately recruited. Despite data saturation not being achieved, insights were gained regarding ambulance call decisions, paperwork navigation, and follow-up care challenges. Patients not having meaningful seizure action plans in place and regulatory restrictions were identified as factors that contributed to potentially avoidable calls for ambulance help being made.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights systemic issues in care homes' seizure care, emphasizing the need for further research. The epilepsy community may need to innovate to better research within this increasingly important setting. This study offers insights into the effectiveness of different recruitment strategies.
The proposed study, a randomized controlled trial \[RCT\], will evaluate methods to assist minority lupus patients (African-Americans and Hispanics) to make shared decisions for the management of their lupus nephritis considering what is the best for them. We have developed an individualized patient decision guide that is culturally sensitive since it was developed solely based on the values, beliefs and preferences of minority patients. We will test the effectiveness of individualized decision aids in African-American and Hispanic lupus nephritis patients in a 2-arm randomized trial including 200 patients. We hypothesize that use of decision-aid will be associated with reduction in decisional conflict and more informed choice compared to usual care group (American College of Rheumatology \[ACR\] lupus pamphlet; co-primary effectiveness outcomes), both clinically meaningful and patient-centered outcomes. We chose the low-literacy decisional conflict scale as our primary outcome, since it is a validated measure, and the most commonly used outcome measure in decision aids RCTs. We use informed choice as a co-primary outcome, since this is conceptually most immediate to the intervention. It will measure whether in those with knowledge of risks and benefits of immunosuppressive drugs, patient values are concordant with their choice of immunosuppressive drug. Secondary outcomes include patient involvement in decision-making (concordance on control preference scale) and patient-physician communication (Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) score and analysis of audiotaped physician-patient Interaction (using the Active Patient Participation Coding Scheme (APPC)). Since we planned to recruit patients with current lupus nephritis flare (making current decision for an immunosuppressive drug) and with past lupus nephritis flares (making the same decision for a future lupus nephritis flare), two secondary outcomes (control preference scale for concordance of preferred and real role in deciding about immunosuppressive drugs and the audiotaped physician-patient interaction about immunosuppressive drugs) will be analyzed only in patients with current lupus nephritis flare, a subset of the entire cohort.
This arm will receive 50 mL of normal saline at the time of acute chest syndrome diagnosis and subsequent randomization. Then, two days later, they will receive tocilizumab 80 mg. Thus, this delayed arm will serve as a placebo comparator for the first 48 hours and then as an active comparator for the remaining duration on study.
The monitoring device uses sensors arranged on the surface of the body and connected to a data recording unit. The device includes an autonomous sensor unit, transmitter/receiver electrodes, a central transmitting/receiving unit (10), and a portable data recording unit (12). The central transmitting/receiving unit is arranged on the body, and sensor data relating to the skin/tissue are exchanged. The sensor unit may be arranged on a plaster. The sensor unit includes a microchip which includes a data acquisition unit, a signal processor unit and a transceiver connected to the transmitter/receiver electrodes. The chip also includes a battery and a control and monitoring unit for the power supply.
Ischemic cold static storage: a crystalloid solution (cardioplegia) is used to stop and preserve the heart. The heart is storage i a transport box containing ice to keep the temperature around 8°C.
Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA) are anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory lipokines. Recently FAHFAs were also found to predict cardiorespiratory fitness in a cross-sectional study of recreationally trained runners. Here we report the influences of body composition and gender on static FAHFA abundances in circulation. We compared the association between circulating FAHFA concentrations and body composition, determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry, in female recreational runners who were lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2, n = 6), to those who were overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, n = 7). To characterize the effect of gender we also compared circulating FAHFAs in lean male recreational runners (n = 8) to recreationally trained lean female (n = 6) runner group. Circulating FAHFAs were increased in females in a manner that was modulated by specific adipose depot sizes, blood glucose, and lean body mass. As expected, circulating FAHFAs were diminished in the overweight group, but strikingly, within the lean cohort, increases in circulating FAHFAs were promoted by increased fat mass, relative to lean mass, while the overweight group showed a significantly attenuated relationship. These studies suggest multimodal regulation of circulating FAHFAs and raise hypotheses to test endogenous FAHFA dynamic sources and sinks in health and disease, which will be essential for therapeutic target development. Baseline circulating FAHFA concentrations could signal sub-clinical metabolic dysfunction in metabolically healthy obesity.
SNRIs, including FETZIMA, have been associated with increased heart rate. Heart rate should be measured prior to initiating treatment and periodically throughout FETZIMA treatment. Pre-existing tachyarrhythmias and other cardiac disease should be treated before starting therapy with FETZIMA. For patients who experience a sustained increase in heart rate while receiving FETZIMA, discontinuation or other appropriate medical intervention should be considered. 

In short-term clinical studies, FETZIMA treatment was associated with a mean increase in heart rate of 7.4 beats per minute (bpm) compared to a mean decrease of 0.3 bpm in placebo-treated patients. Heart rate increase in FETZIMA-treated patients receiving doses of 40 mg, 80 mg, and 120 mg was 7.2, 7.2, and 9.1 bpm. 

FETZIMA has not been systematically evaluated in patients with a cardiac rhythm disorder.
BACKGROUND: Although individually rare, collectively, rare conditions are common and affect a large number of people and are often chronic, life threatening and affect multiple body systems; the majority of them have no effective treatment. The literature has identified many specific challenges for those living with rare conditions, however, we do not know which of these in combination are most likely to impact how someone rates their overall experience of care. The aim of this study is to do further exploratory analysis of the Genetic Alliance UK 2020 Rare Experience survey data to identify which variables are most strongly associated with respondents' overall care experience.
RESULTS: There were strong associations between most of the selected survey variables and the overall rated experience of care variable. In the multiple linear regression only nine variables remained in the best fit model: 'Trust and confidence in hospital staff involved in ongoing care'; 'Satisfaction with information provided by healthcare professionals-following diagnosis'; 'The professionals providing care work as a team'; 'Feel care is coordinated effectively'; 'The timing and frequency of appointments are convenient for the patient/carer/family'; 'Whether or not there is a specific healthcare professional to ask questions of about the rare/undiagnosed condition'; 'Experience of searching for a diagnosis'; 'Knowledge of whether there is a specialist centre for the condition'; and 'Number of different clinics attend for the condition'.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate the challenges that play the largest part in explaining the varied experiences with rare disease healthcare in the UK for our survey respondents. These challenges should be further investigated with a broader sample of people affected by rare conditions, ideally through the implementation of a comprehensive national rare condition patient registry. Our findings highlight an important potential gap in the Framework, 'trust and confidence in healthcare professionals'; further research is required to fully understand the foundations of trust and confidence.