anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Breast reduction is one of the most common procedures performed by plastic surgeons. Because it is common and in most jurisdictions requires at least one day of hospital stay, it consumes considerable health care resources. Although multiple techniques have been reported, the two top competing techniques used in North America are the inferior pedicle technique and the vertical scar technique. There is on-going controversy as to the superiority of one technique over the other in terms of patient satisfaction and health care resource utilization. In the last few years, third party payers have been concerned with the unnecessary consumption of scarce health care resources due to the variation of practice mostly influenced by surgeon preferences rather than valid evidence.

The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that Vertical Scar Reduction Mammoplasty (VSR) is superior to the Inferior Pedicle Reduction Mammoplasty (IPR) in terms of patient health-related quality of life (HRQL). Health related quality of life will be measured by the Health Utilities Index Mark 2/3 (HUI) providing the outcome, quality adjusted life years (QALYs) and the Breast Reduction Assessment Value and Outcomes (BRAVO) instruments. The BRAVO instruments consist of a set of separate instruments including the Short Form 36 (SF-36), the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire Appearance Assessment (MBSRQ-AS), and the Breast Related Symptoms Questionnaire (BRSQ). The MBSRQ-AS provides a measure of self-evaluation of appearance, and the BRSQ measures the breast symptom score. Secondly, we will test whether the VSR is a more cost-effective procedure. If the hypothesis is confirmed that the VSR technique is more cost-effective, then there will be compelling evidence to adopt it. Regardless of whether VSR is found to be cost-effective, the plastic surgery community, third party payers, and patients will be informed about the results.
Aberrant expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been reported in pituitary adenomas. However, the role of Cdk5 in the tumorigenesis remains unclear. We show that prenatal p25-activated Cdk5 phosphorylates minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (Mcm2), enhancing minichromosome maintenance (MCM) family proteins and driving intermediate lobe-located melanotrope-originated pituitary tumorigenesis. In a mouse model with CaMKII promoter-driven transgenic induction of p25, we observed intermediate lobe-originated pituitary adenoma producing non-functional proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides under persistent p25 overexpression. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed Mcm2 may play an important role during tumor progression. Subsequently, Mcm2 was identified as a potential phosphorylated substrate of Cdk5, mediating the tumorous proliferation of melanotrope cells. Silencing Cdk5 or Mcm2 suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation in the 293T cell lines. Therefore, our findings provide a new mouse model of intermediate lobe-originated pituitary adenoma induced by p25/Cdk5 and unveil a previously unappreciated role of Cdk5 and Mcm2 in pituitary adenoma tumorigenesis.
ANTI-VIRAL AND IMMUNOSTIMULATORY POLYNUCLEOTIDE             DUPLEX AND USE THEREOR                        ABSTRACT OF INVENTION        A drug has been provided which is a mismatched analog of rIn.rCn,[rIn.r(C12,U)n].  It retains the ability to induce interferon but does not evidence cellular toxicity. In vitro, the drug treatment of HSV-2 infected human fibroblasts [0.25-2.5 mg/ml; 24 hrs. pre- to 1 hr. post infection (p.i.)] results in 80% reduction in virus titers.      In vivo, antiviral activity was evaluated in a guinea pig model of recurrent HSV-2 infection.  Guinea pigs were inoculated with HSV-2 (5x105 PFU in the footpad) and treated with 4 (2 day intervals) intraperitoneal injections of the    [rIn.r(C12,U)n]          (5 µg/g weight) or placebo (saline) beginning at 0- 24 hrs. p.i.          They were followed for: (i) development and severity (lesion score) of primary disease and (ii) appearance and duration of recurrent episodes.      Animals first treated at 8 hrs. p.i. evidenced a significant reduction in the severity of the primary disease (lesion scores 1.7 ? 0.6 and 3.3 ? 0.7 for rIn.rC12U and placebo treated respectively), and in the incidence of recurrent episodes (33% and 83% in drug and placebo treated respectively).  Similar results were obtained in animals treated i.p. at 20 hrs. p.i. and in those given 5 (2 day intervals) antranasal doses (0.5 mg) starting at 6 hrs. p.i.  Experiments designed to elucidate the mechanism of in vivo action of the drug indicated that it: (i) causes a 3-fold reduction in virus titers at the site of infection, (ii) reduces 2-5 fold the titers of ganglionic virus, (iii) does not modify virus specific lymphocyte blastogenesis and titers of neutralizing antibody and (iv) causes a 2-fold enhancement of in vitro natural killer cell activity.  This  data indicates that the drug rIn,rC12U may have both antiviral and immunomodulatory activities.        In the other mice models, the inoculation of HSV-2 induced fatal events.  Injection of rIn.r(C12U)n compound can protect infected animals from fatality.  The aged animal is much more suspectible to the virally induced fatality than the younger animal.  Injection of rIn.r(C12U)n compound affords the protection to the old animal against the virus as the aged animal now has the same resistance as the young animal.  Immunological studies including NK cell activation indicated that rIn.r(C12U)n compound produced immunological protection for the aged animal so that it now becomes immune  to the virally induced fatality.  This study indicates the rIn.r(C12U)n compound can stimulate the immunal defense system of aged animal including humans against viral diseases.
PURPOSE:An external drug containing nifedipine or nicardipine as an active constituent, and effective for treating and preventing angina pectoris. CONSTITUTION:A remedy for angina pectoris containing a compound of the formula (the nitro group is linked to the o-position when R is methyl group, and linked to the m-position when R is N-benzyl-N-methylaminoethyl group) with a dissolution assistant, e.g. a glycol such as methyldiglycol, or an alcohol such as benzyl alcohol, and capable of keeping the concentration in blood for a long term. The dose thereof is 30-2,000mg at one time, preferably 100-1,000mg, at one time. An excipient, viscosity increasing agent, emulsifying agent, antioxidant, adhesive or perfume may be incorporated in the external drug. The concentration in blood reaches the effective value about 2hr after the administration by applying or sticking the drug to the body, preferably the breast, and the concentration thereof is kept for almost 24hr.
Patients will proceed to their injection appointment within 4 weeks of their initial evaluation. At the injection appointment, patients will receive an injection containing 0.5 mL of triamcinolone 40 mg/mL (20 mg total of triamcinolone).
Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect; each year, more than 30,000 babies in the United States are born with this kind of abnormality. Conotruncal heart defects, considered to be a very serious type of defect, involve a structural abnormality in the chambers of the heart or blood vessels that lead to and from the heart. Infants born with conotruncal defects must undergo complex open heart surgery, and there is a high fatality rate. Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy has been shown to reduce the risk of conotruncal defects. However, some women who take folic acid during pregnancy still give birth to infants with conotruncal defects. Specific genes may influence the way individuals metabolize folic acid, and variations in these genes may make some infants more prone to developing heart defects. This study will examine the relationship between genes, maternal nutritional intake, and conotruncal heart defects. The results from this study may help to determine genetic and nutritional causes of congenital heart defects.

This study will use previously collected data on 550 infants born with conotruncal defects and 1060 infants born without heart defects. There will be no study visits specifically for this study. Infant DNA will be analyzed for genes that may play a role in folate metabolic pathways. Blood previously collected from the mothers during pregnancy will be analyzed for differences in nutrient intake. Specifically, levels of folic acid, choline, vitamin B12, and methionine will be examined.
OBJECTIVE: Robotic-assisted surgery is increasingly being utilized in hip and knee reconstruction. However, the relative efficacy and safety of robotic-assisted total knee replacement (RATKR) compared to traditional surgery remained uncertain. This study aimed to systematically review the current literature comparing the outcomes of RATKR to traditional procedures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in major databases to identify studies comparing RATKR with traditional surgeries. The primary outcomes were functional scores and post-operative complications. Pooled mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model.
RESULTS: A total of 12 studies were considered for inclusion. The pooled functional scores of The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Knee Society Score (KSS), hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, visual analogue score (VAS) pain score showed no significant differences between the two groups (MD = -0.99, 95% CI -2.32 to 0.34, p-value = 0.14). The subgroup analysis for hip and knee reconstructions also revealed no significant difference in terms of functional scores. However, for post-operative complications, while there was no significant difference in terms of blood loss (MD = -1.62, 95% CI -4.42 to 1.17, p-value = 0.25), the readmission rates were significantly higher in the RATKR group (MD = 0.94, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.11, p-value < 0.00001). The overall heterogeneity was extremely high (I² = 93%), particularly in the analyses of post-operative complications.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggested that robotic-assisted knee reconstruction did not significantly improve functional outcomes compared to traditional surgery. The safety profile was similar except for a higher readmission rate following RATKR. Given the high heterogeneity, further large-scale, well-designed, randomized controlled trials are needed to conclusively determine the efficacy and safety of robotic-assisted hip and knee reconstruction.
This will be a randomised, crossover study with two treatments in total. 1.) Subjects given with breakfast, 2.) Subjects not given breakfast. Each of the two test visits will last for approximately 9 hour (spanning over 3 days), during which the following will take place: On Day 1, subjects will come to have the continuous glucose monitoring (CGMS) system inserted. CGMS will be used to measure 24 hour blood glucose concentrations. On Day 2, an indwelling catheter will be inserted into the ante cubital fossa or forearm vein of one arm and will be kept patent. One fasting blood sample (baseline; 4 milliliters of venous blood) will be collected. Participants with breakfast treatment will then consume the test meal within 15 minutes. Subsequently, blood samples will be taken at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes.At time 180 minutes, participants will be given a standardized lunch to be consumed within 30 minutes. Blood samples will be taken after lunch at 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 and 360 minutes. On Day 3, subjects will need to come for removal of the CGMS sensor. Subjects will come to the CNRC again for the 2nd test visit, with at least 3 days wash-out in-between visits.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by intrusive memories in the form of unwanted images, nightmares, and flashbacks as the result of being exposed to a traumatic event . Current research efforts have begun to explore the underlying neurochemical changes associated with PTSD. Recently, these efforts have focused on the prevention of PTSD in persons exposed to trauma. For example, preliminary evidence suggests that interference with consolidation of trauma-related memories using the beta-antagonist, propranolol, may prevent PTSD in humans with recent traumas. However, given that as much as 90% of the US population is exposed to at least one traumatic event during their lifetimes, the utility of this treatment is limited by the logistical problems of treating everyone at risk. To date, there have been very few systematic studies on humans that focus on changing the underlying traumatic memory once PTSD has been established.

The trauma experience is initially stored in short-term memory, then consolidated into long-term memory. However, the long-term stability conferred by the consolidation process undergoes a period of labiality as follows. Each time a consolidated memory is activated, the memory trace becomes newly labile and must be consolidated again to remain in long-term memory5. This process is called reconsolidation. Reconsolidation therefore offers a biologic window during which long-term memories can be disrupted. Preclinical studies have begun to unravel the biological changes that underlie these processes. Both pharmacological agents, including glucocorticoids, and protein synthesis inhibitors can interfere with memory consolidation and reconsolidation. In preclinical studies, the global protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin can block reconsolidation, leading to a reduction in strength of traumatic memories. Unfortunately, the toxicity of anisomycin is prohibitive for therapeutic use. Thus, rather than using a global protein synthesis inhibitor, a more effective and selective means of reducing consolidation of an established traumatic memory is to target only a subset of protein translation important for synaptic plasticity. The protein kinase mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) is just such a regulator of a subset of protein synthesis critical for synaptic plasticity.
When nicardipine hydrochloride injection was given to mild to moderate hypertensive patients with moderate degrees of renal impairment, significant reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (RPF) was observed. No significant differences in liver blood flow were observed in these patients. A significantly lower systemic clearance and higher area under the curve (AUC) were observed. 

When oral nicardipine (20 mg or 30 mg TID) were given to hypertensive patients with impaired renal function, mean plasma concentrations, AUC, and Cmax were approximately two-fold higher than in healthy controls. There is a transient increase in electrolyte excretion, including sodium (see "PRECAUTIONS"). 

Acute bolus administration of nicardipine hydrochloride injection (2.5 mg) in healthy volunteers decreased mean arterial pressure and renal vascular resistance; glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), and the filtration fraction were unchanged. In healthy patients undergoing abdominal surgery, nicardipine hydrochloride injection (10 mg over 20 minutes) increased GFR with no change in RPF when compared with placebo. In hypertensive type II diabetic patients with nephropathy, oral nicardipine (20 mg TID) did not change RPF and GFR, but reduced renal vascular resistance.
Prepn. of vaccine against whooping-cough by preparing a culture of phase I Bordetella pertussis, extracting the microbial suspension with an anionic surfactant, collecting the supernatant and filling it in vaccination dosage units, pref. after further purification. The vaccine has high activity and is free from side-effects e.g. danger of irreversible encephalopathy. Pref. surfactants are alkylsulphates and alkylsulphonates (C12-C14) used at 0.1-10 mu moles/1010 organisms. Pref. organism count is 5 x 1010/ml. Various buffers may be used to control pH; a pref. pH giving an ionic force of 0.5 permits the use of concentrations of surfactant as low as 0.5 mu moles/1010 organisms.
This cross-sectional study analyzed discharge disposition in 1,584 readmitted patients aged 65 or older with acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure (AECHF) in a large community hospital from April 2021 to April 2022. The study aimed to explore the relationship between age (65-74, 75-85, and 85 or older) and gender (male, female) with discharge disposition. Results revealed that 55.6 % were discharged for home self-care, 27.3 % with external home health support, and 17.1 % to skilled nursing facilities. Logistic regression showed no significant differences in discharge between age groups. Gender also had no statistically significant effect on discharge disposition. Effective discharge planning emerged as a key factor in reducing readmissions for AECHF. Gender did not significantly impact disposition, suggesting other variables played a more pivotal role. Comprehensive discharge planning and resource allocation, tailored to patient needs, are recommended to enhance patient outcomes and lower AECHF readmission rates.
No human overdosage data have been reported for ARNUITY ELLIPTA. The potential for acute toxic corticosteroid effects following overdosage with ARNUITY ELLIPTA is low. Because of low systemic bioavailability (13.9%) and an absence of acute drug-related systemic findings in clinical trials, overdosage of fluticasone furoate is unlikely to require any treatment other than observation. If used at excessive doses for prolonged periods, systemic effects such as hypercorticism may occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].

Single- and repeat-dose trials of fluticasone furoate at doses of 50 to 4,000 mcg have been studied in human subjects. Decreases in mean serum cortisol were observed at dosages of 500 mcg or higher given once daily for 14 days.
Systemic inflammation or insulin resistance drive atherosclerosis. However, they are difficult to capture for assessing cardiovascular risk in clinical settings. The monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) is an accessible biomarker that integrates inflammatory and metabolic information and has been associated with poorer cardiovascular outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate the association of MHR with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis. The study involved a European and an American cohort including 405 patients with the disease. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography. First, MHR correlated with insulin resistance through homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, with high-sensitivity CRP and with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in spleen, liver, and bone marrow by positron emission tomography/computed tomography. MHR was associated with both the presence of coronary plaques >50% of the artery lumen and noncalcified coronary burden, beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors (P < .05). In a noncalcified coronary burden prediction model accounting for cardiovascular risk factors, statins, and biologic treatment, MHR added value (area under the curve base model = 0.72 vs area under the curve base model plus MHR = 0.76, P = .04) within the American cohort. These results suggests that MHR may detect patients with psoriasis who have subclinical burden of cardiovascular disease and warrant more aggressive measures to reduce lifetime adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Pancreatitis is a common complication especially in patients with gallbladder stones, most patients with biliary pancreatitis may recover spontaneously without sequelae, but in 10-20% of patients, the disease is severe and mortality rates of up to 30% are detected in these patients. In patients with severe pancreatitis, aggressive fluid replacement, organ damage follow-up, appropriate antibiotherapy, and endoscopic sphincterotomy and radiological interventions may be of great benefit. In the evaluation of acute biliary pancreatitis, many scoring systems have been established (Atlanta, Ranson, APACHE, BISAP etc.) from past to present to determine morbidity and mortality of the disease. There are limited number of studies in the literature about the immune parameters in the evaluation of acute pancreatitis. In a studies, serum inflammatory markers such as IL-1, IL-6 and CD4, CD8 T lymphocyte and Treg population were evaluated.Treg cells are reported to be an independent prognostic factor in determining the severity of acute pancreatitis. In patients diagnosed with acute biliary pancreatitis, determination of the course of the disease at the time of diagnosis is extremely important for treatment and survival.

In this study, the investigators aimed to evaluate the correlation between morbidity and mortality of acute biliary pancreatitis with lymphocyte subtypes via Flow-cytometry.
The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine, and concretely relates to a black fungus and polygonatum rhizome composite capsule which has the functions of lowering blood fat, preventing formation of thrombus, preventing myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction, increasing body immunization function and resisting aging. The traditional Chinese medicine comprises the following components by weight part: 3.6-5.1 parts of black fungus, 4-5 parts of gingko, 2.5-4.0 parts of fructus perillae, 1.5-3.0 parts of root of kudzu vine, 2.5-4.0 parts of polygonatum rhizome, and 2.5-4.0 parts of cordate houttuynia. A preparation method comprises the following steps: drying black fungus and crushing to pass through a sieve with 100 meshes for standby, then cleaning gingko, fructus perillae, root of kudzu vine, polygonatum rhizome and cordate houttuynia, adding water for decocting for twice, wherein each time is 2 hours, merging a decoction, filtering, concentrating a filtrate to a stiff paste, drying at 80 DEG C, injecting powder and passing through the sieve with 100 meshes, uniformly mixing black fungus powder and the above traditional Chinese medicine extraction powder, and filling into the capsules. The method has the advantages of simple process, simple operation, and adaptation for industrial production. The composite capsule has the functions of lowering blood fat, preventing formation of thrombus, preventing myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction, increasing body immunization function and resisting aging. The significant efficiency can reach more than 96%, effective rate can reach more than 89%, and cure rate can reach more than 83%.