anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important factor in the development and neuroprotection of afferent auditory pathways. In this study, we investigated the expression of BDNF in the afferent auditory pathway after cochlear implantation (CI), hypothesizing that electrical stimulation after CI stimulates BDNF expression in the afferent auditory pathway.
METHODS: Archival human temporal bones from eight patients with a history of CI and five patients with normal hearing (ages 65-93 years old) were studied. Temporal bone specimens were immunoreacted with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against BDNF and mouse monoclonal antibodies against pan-neurofilaments. In cases of unilateral CI, the BDNF expression was compared with the contralateral unimplanted ear and normal temporal bones without hearing loss.
RESULTS: BDNF immunoreactivity (IR) localized to the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) somata and the surrounding satellite cells. BDNF-IR in the spiral ganglia was similar in the apical, middle, and basal hook regions. Neurofilament IR localized to SGN nerve fibers in both implanted and unimplanted cochleae. BDNF-IR in the SGN and satellite cells was significantly increased in the implanted specimens compared with the unimplanted specimens ( p < 0.05) and the normal hearing specimens ( p < 0.05). BDNF-IR expression was similar in the unimplanted cochlea and in the normal cochlea. BDNF protein expression was increased despite complete loss of the organ of Corti hair cells and supporting cells. Even in the cases of CI with a 6-mm first-generation electrode, BDNF expression was upregulated throughout the cochlea.
CONCLUSIONS: BDNF expression in the SGN appears to be upregulated by the electrical stimulation from CI. This study provides evidence that the electrical stimulation from CI may stimulate the expression of BDNF, playing a neuroprotective role in the rehabilitation of hearing in the deafened ear.
OBJECTIVE: Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing is the gold standard for diagnosis of hearing loss in children who cannot complete behavioral audiometry. Testing under general anesthesia is often recommended when natural sleep ABR and/or behavioral audiometry are unsuccessful. This study aims to determine which demographic and patient factors serve as barriers to receiving this diagnostic testing.
METHODS: A retrospective chart review from an internal database of patients who underwent ABR testing under anesthesia from 2017 to 2023 was completed. Patient demographics, clinical diagnoses, dates of initial recommendation, and dates of testing were recorded.
RESULTS: A total of 395 patients met inclusion criteria, with a median time from initial evaluation to successful ABR under anesthesia of 5.1 months (range 0.1-209 months). This time was significantly higher in patients with public insurance compared to private insurance and in patients with the following medical complexities: cardiac disease, developmental delay, neurologic disease, eye disease, and genetic syndromes not associated with hearing loss. The interval was significantly shorter in patients with abnormal ear anatomy.
CONCLUSION: Patient factors, such as insurance type and certain medical diagnoses, may lead to delayed ABR testing under anesthesia and thus delayed diagnosis and management of hearing loss. This has implications for the timely care and treatment of children with hearing loss.
Fisher syndrome is recognized as a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome, encompassing acute onset immune-mediated neuropathies marked by the classical triad of ataxia, areflexia, and ophthalmoplegia. Generally, Fisher syndrome follows a self-limited course with a good prognosis. Ophthalmoplegia, typically bilateral, progresses to complete external ophthalmoplegia within 1-2 weeks. Ataxia, often very severe, may cause an inability to walk without support despite normal strength. Fisher syndrome is also frequently concomitant with additional clinical features, including ptosis, internal ophthalmoplegia, facial nerve palsy, sensory deficits, and bulbar palsy. The confirmation of an antecedent infection is often established. Among the ganglioside antibodies, anti-GQ1b antibodies exhibit positivity in over 80% of patients. The syndrome manifests in three distinct types: a partial subtype exhibiting only a subset of the triad symptoms, Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis marked by impaired consciousness and pyramidal tract signs, and an overlapping subtype with Guillain-Barré syndrome, characterized by weakness in the extremities.
The subject positioned so absorbent pads are in position to catch irrigation solution. The saline bottle will be held 10-15 cm from wound bed, and squeezed to spray all surfaces of wound in a sweeping motion, from clean to dirty area of wound. Irrigation will be repeated as necessary to remove exudate, slough, and debris from the wound until the solution draining from the wound is clear. Peri-wound skin will be cleansed using gauze and sterile normal saline and dry. Packing material will be applied (Acticoat®) into the wound cavity, undermining, or tunnel to fill the dead space without causing the wound to stretch or bulge or be packed tightly. Packing should be in contact with entire wound base and edges. Dressings changed once every 3 days by the patient's care provider.
In the parallel group dose finding part of the study the first 90 subjects will be randomized 1:1:1 between PQ912 300 mg BID, 600 mg BID, and placebo. When the 90th patient has completed the week 24 treatment visit, the DSMB will decide on the dose of PQ912 to be continued. The decision is based on safety findings only, no efficacy data will be considered. After the DSMB has reached a decision on the dose to be continued, all subjects randomized to receive PQ912 will be reallocated to this dose (1:1). The duration of Subjects participation in the study is either 48, 60, 72, 84 or 96 weeks of treatment (depending on time of randomization). Subjects recruited early into the study will be kept on treatment for 96 weeks or until the regular, scheduled study visit which is closest to the scheduled week 48 visit of the last subject recruited in the study, whichever comes first.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) have demonstrated increased blood coagulation which is thought to contribute to delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and to a worse outcome. Therefore, we sought to determine whether this increased blood coagulation, detectable with rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), was associated with DCI and neurological outcome.
METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study of 60 consecutive adult aSAH patients. ROTEM's EXTEM and FIBTEM assays and D-dimer were analyzed at admission and post-bleed days (PBDs) 2-3, 4-5, 7-8, and 11-12. ROTEM's clot formation time (CFT) represents the stabilization of the clot, and the maximum clot firmness (MCF) the maximum clot strength. Glasgow Outcome Scale extended (GOSe) at three months determined the neurological outcome.
RESULTS: DCI incidence was 41.7%. EXTEM-CFT was significantly shorter in patients with unfavorable neurological outcome (GOSe 1-4) on PBDs 4-5 and 7-8, p < 0.05, respectively. FIBTEM-MCF was significantly higher in patients with unfavorable neurological outcomes on PBD 4-5 (p < 0.05), PBD 7-8 (p < 0.05), and PBD 11-12 (p < 0.05). EXTEM-CFT decreased, and FIBTEM-MCF rose during the study period in all patients. Patients with unfavorable neurological outcome had a higher D-dimer at all studied time points, p < 0.05. No difference was found in the ROTEM parameters or D-dimer when assessing patients with and without DCI.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients were in a state of increased blood coagulation after aSAH, with those with unfavorable neurological outcome being more coagulable than those with favorable outcome. However, increased blood coagulation was not associated with DCI.
CLINICALTRIALS: gov, NCT03985176.
The laser manufacturer (MedX Health Corp) provided a MedX 1100 system that did not deliver any significant amount of light energy or heat but otherwise appeared operational to participants and clinicians. The sham laser was delivered over the painful region with the study participant positioned as described for spinal manipulation and spinal mobilization treatments.
Participants will be randomized into 6 cohorts to receive single oral dose of JNJ-88260237 on Day 1. The doses in each cohort (Cohorts 2 to 4 and 6) will be escalated based on the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) data of the previous cohort. For Cohort 5, participants will receive a single-dose of JNJ-82260237 in fasted conditions and a single dose of JNJ-82260237 in fed conditions with dosing sequence determined by randomization.
Participants will consume 3 g HMB with 2000 IU Vitamin D3 per day, split into two doses daily for the duration of the study, beginning 2 weeks prior to their surgical date. The first dose will be consumed 60 minutes prior to any at- home or outpatient physical therapy session and a second will be consumed immediately following the session. If a treatment day does not include any rehabilitation session, the participant will consume one dose in the morning prior to food consumption and the second dose approximately 90 minutes later.
AIM: The underlying causes of failure or recurrence after ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract are postulated to be refistulization, breakdown of the closure wound in the intersphincteric plane and faecal contents entering the internal opening, thereby causing recurrent infection. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the outcomes of subtotal fistulectomy with sliding anoderm flaps to prevent refistulization.
METHOD: This retrospective study used prospectively collected data. Patients with transsphincteric or intersphincteric fistulas were enrolled between August 2021 and July 2023. An anal manometric study was performed before and after surgery. Faecal incontinence was evaluated using the faecal incontinence severity index (FISI). Failure was defined as nonhealing of the surgical wound or fistula.
RESULTS: Fifty-one patients who underwent subtotal fistulectomy with a sliding anoderm flap were included. After a median follow-up of 12 months (range 4-27 months), primary healing was achieved in 49 patients (96%). Two patients experienced treatment failure, while none developed postoperative recurrence. The median healing time was 10 weeks (range 6-24 weeks). The FISI scores did not change significantly after the surgery. The median resting pressure significantly reduced after surgery [125 cmH2O (range 59-204 cmH2O) vs. 99 cmH2O (range 36-176 cmH2O); p = 0.0001]. The median squeeze pressure significantly decreased after surgery [356 cmH2O (range 137-579 cmH2O) vs. 329 cmH2O (range 72-594 cmH2O; p = 0.005)].
CONCLUSION: Subtotal fistulectomy with a sliding anoderm flap showed excellent healing rates with no postoperative deterioration of anal function.
Patients will be randomized using a reproducible set of computer-generated random numbers. In study group a 1 square centimeter piece of absorbable gelatin sponge will be soaked in saline solution and then will be placed by the surgeon in the epidural space before final closure.
PURPOSE:To contrive to improvement of the rate of operation of a diagnostic device side even at the time of a fault of a device of a network side, by providing a DAT for recording temporarily an image data,when the fault is generated at the network side between the image diagnostic device and the network. CONSTITUTION:An image data from an image diagnostic equipment 10 is recorded in a magnetic disk 4 through an interface 3. The recorded image data is edited to the image recording of a standard format by an MPU 1, recorded in the disk again, and sent out to the network 11. When the network 11 has a fault, this device decides that the image cannot be sent out to the network 11, and sends out automatically the image to a digital audio tape driving device DAT 6. The DAT 6 has the capacity of about 1GB, therefore, can recorded and store an X-ray CT image, etc. for several days, and accordingly, during this time, the device can be used without minding the fault. After the fault has been recovered, it will suffice that the image from the DAT 6 is sent out to the network 11.
A randomized experimental design was used. Vietnamese women whose children aged 2-6 years were recruited through churches, Chinese schools, immigrant service centers, kindergarten, or recommendations from LHAs in Kaohsiung City in Taiwan. Overall, 30 and 25 Vietnamese mother-child pairs were randomized into the IG and CG. G\*Power (version 3.1.9.4) was used for power analysis. A power analysis was established by effect size as the mean difference of filled teeth change between baseline and 8-month follow-up measurement between the IG and CG, with sample size and 0.05 alpha level. The power was greater than 0.802, and research results have adequate power.All children underwent oral examination at baseline and at 1-week, 2- and 8-month follow-ups. Each child was examined by a dentist in accordance with the primary dentition caries experience.Each immigrant mother completed surveys at baseline and at 1-week and 8-month follow-ups.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the United States, the second most common cause of cancer death, and the main cause of death in women ages 45 to 55. In 2006, 212,920 American women will be diagnosed with breast cancer, and 40,970 will die from this disease.\[1\]. Fewer than 10 percent of women present with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. However, the majority of women who relapse after initial definitive therapy for early stage or locally advanced disease will do so with disseminated metastatic disease rather than an isolated local recurrence. Treatment for metastatic disease is palliative in intent and will usually involve hormone therapy and/or chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab. Active chemotherapy agents include anthracyclines, taxanes, vinorelbine, alkylating agents and antimetabolites. Taxanes have become the cornerstone of first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Weekly doses of paclitaxel can be administered continuously for several weeks with a remarkable lack of myelosuppression \[2\]. Weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) was directly compared to every three-week therapy (175 mg/m2) in 585 women with metastatic breast cancer. Weekly therapy was associated with a significantly higher response rate (40 versus 28 percent) and longer TTP (nine versus five months), but similar overall survival and worse neurotoxicity \[3\]. Since patients with metastatic breast cancer are unlikely to be cured of their disease \[4\], they should be considered candidates for a clinical trial.
Effects of BELSOMRA on respiratory function should be considered if prescribed to patients with compromised respiratory function.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

The respiratory depressant effect of BELSOMRA was evaluated after one night and after four consecutive nights of treatment in a randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-period crossover study in patients (n=26) with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Following once-daily doses of 40 mg, the mean Apnea/Hypopnea Index treatment difference (suvorexant – placebo) on Day 4 was 2.7 (90% CI: 0.22 to 5.09), but there was wide inter- and intra-individual variability such that clinically meaningful respiratory effects of BELSOMRA in obstructive sleep apnea cannot be excluded. BELSOMRA has not been studied in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The respiratory depressant effect of BELSOMRA was evaluated after one night and after four consecutive nights of treatment in a randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-period crossover study in patients (n=25) with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). BELSOMRA (40 mg in non-elderly, 30 mg in elderly) had no respiratory depressant effects in patients with mild to moderate COPD, as measured by oxygen saturation. There was wide inter- and intra-individual variability such that clinically meaningful respiratory effects of BELSOMRA in COPD cannot be excluded. BELSOMRA has not been studied in patients with severe COPD [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
Participants received one 100 mg Lasmiditan tablet with one 50 mg Lasmiditan matching placebo tablet and one 100 mg Lasmiditan matching placebo tablet to maintain blind. Tablets were administered orally within 4 hours of onset of a single migraine attack, up to 4 migraine attacks.
The safety and efficacy of OXYCONTIN have been established in pediatric patients ages 11 to 16 years. Use of OXYCONTIN is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled trials with OXYCONTIN in adults as well as an open-label study in pediatric patients ages 6 to 16 years. However, there were insufficient numbers of patients less than 11 years of age enrolled in this study to establish the safety of the product in this age group.

The safety of OXYCONTIN in pediatric patients was evaluated in 155 patients previously receiving and tolerating opioids for at least 5 consecutive days with a minimum of 20 mg per day of oxycodone or its equivalent on the two days immediately preceding dosing with OXYCONTIN. Patients were started on a total daily dose ranging between 20 mg and 100 mg depending on prior opioid dose.

The most frequent adverse events observed in pediatric patients were vomiting, nausea, headache, pyrexia, and constipation [see Dosage and Administration (2.5), Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), Clinical Studies (14)].
Neuronal death is the key cause of ischemic stroke. Acupuncture (Acu) is a recognized method for the treatment and amelioration of cerebral ischemia. However, the molecular mechanism of Acu for treating ischemic stroke has not yet been detailedly elucidated. Based our microarray analysis results, mitochondrial ribosomal protein L41 (MRPL41), which is related to apoptosis, was identified as the target of Acu. MRPL41 expression was increased in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model and reduced after Acu treatment. Following, MCAO/R model and oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model were established to explore the effect of MRPL41. Knockdown of MRPL41 increased cell viability and ani-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) expression, and reduced apoptosis intensity and pro-apoptotic protein (Bax and Cleaved caspase-3) of OGD/R neurons. In vivo, MRPL41 silencing decreased neurological severity score, shrank infarct area, reduced encephaledema and neuron apoptosis. In addition, reduction of MRPL41 caused loss of p53. Our data uncover that Acu targets MRPL41, following with inhibiting neuron apoptosis via p53 pathway, thereby ameliorating ischemic stroke.
FIELD: pharmaceutical industry. SUBSTANCE: invention describes process for preparing 3-{ 2-[4-(6-fluorobenzo[d] isoxazole-3-yl) piperidin-1-yl] ethyl)-2-methyl-6, 7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyriodo[d]pyrimidin-4-one of general formula l by reacting 3-(aminoethyl)-2methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrido [1,2-a) pyrimidin-4-one of formula II with compounds of formula III in which Y and Z are the same or different leaving groups, e.g. halogen or alkyl or arysulfonyloxy group in the presence of suitable solvent and base. This compound is useful in pharmaceutical industry since it has antipsychotie properties. Compounds of formulae II and III are intermediate compounds for preparation of the above-mentioned desired product. Compounds of formulae II and III are intermediate compounds for preparation of the desired product mentioned above. EFFECT: improved properties of the pharmaceutical.
The chamber located on the campus of the University of Innsbruck's Department of Sport Science. The chamber dimension is 5 x 3m.
The invention belongs to the field of synthesis of organic compounds (medicines), and particularly relates to a dicyclopyridone derivative, a synthesis method and application thereof. The method aims at the characteristics of high toxicity, high risk and the like of raw materials, catalysts and reaction conditions used in the synthesis process of the dicyclopyridone compound in the prior art. The invention provides a series of dicyclopyridone compounds and derivatives thereof. The dicyclic pyridone compounds and the derivatives thereof can be synthesized by low-cost and low-toxicity citric acid, and have low production cost and simple synthesis process. The derivative can be used as an intermediate to further synthesize dicyclopyridone compounds with various structures, and is very suitable for industrial production. The compound has good antibacterial activity and fluorescence property.
Participants receive one placebo sublingual tablet, QD for up to 35 weeks. Participants may use study-provided rescue medication(s) as needed to treat rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms.
6 ,7 -dihydroxybergamottin (DHB) is one of the components of grapefruit juice and is a known irreversible inhibitor of intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A). A single serving (240 mL) of grapefruit juice (GFJ) contains less than or equal to 5 mg of DHB. The pharmacokinetic boosting effect of GFJ has fueled the marketing of dietary supplements labeled to contain DHB e.g. DHB 300 (TM) and Trisorbagen that enhance absorption naturally, While these supplements have been found to inhibit CYP3A activity, the DHB content in these supplements is much lower than that, of GFJ. Moreover, the effects of such supplements on the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A-metabolized drugs are largely unknown. This single-center, open-label, randomized, 3-period, single-dose, crossover study in healthy volunteers will compare the drug interaction risk of a dietary supplement known to affect CYP3A with GFJ. The primary objective of this study is to compare the effects of a supplement known to affect CYP3A (e.g.Trisorbagen) with those of GFJ and water on the pharmacokinetics of two model substrates, the FDA-recommended CYP3A probe substrate midazolam, and the dual CYP3A/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate loperamide. This dual-probe substrate approach to assess drug interaction risk will provide mechanistic insight into any interaction observed. Eligible volunteers (n=12) will undergo 3 phases, each comprising an exposure visit and 4 subsequent post-exposure visits to collect blood and urine over 72 or 12 hours, respectively. Exposure visits will be scheduled at least 2 weeks apart to allow washout between the phases. At each exposure visit, participants will be administered oral doses of midazolam hydrochloride (2.5 mg) and loperamide (16 mg) concomitantly with water (240 mL), GFJ (240 mL), or Trisorbagen (with 240 mL water) according to a randomized treatment sequence. Blood and urine will be collected pre-dose and post-dose over 72 (blood) or 12 (urine) hours for subsequent analyses of relevant pharmacokinetic outcomes of each probe substrate, including the primary endpoints area under the concentration-time curve from time zero (pre-dose) to infinity (AUC0-inf) and maximum observed concentration (Cmax). Secondary endpoints include geometric means, estimates of treatment differences, within-subject and between-subject treatment variance, as well as the 95% confidence intervals around those estimates.