anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The current diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma is mainly based on imaging examination, urine examination and endoscopy. Imaging examinations include ultrasound, CT, MRI, etc., which have limited clinical value when used alone, and are difficult to meet the demand for qualitative research on tumors. The current common methods are urine exfoliated cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Urine exfoliative cytology is one of the main methods for diagnosis of urothelial cancer and follow-up after surgery. But the sensitivity of urine exfoliated cytology is about 13%-75%, and the specificity is 85%-100%. FISH can detect chromosomal abnormalities in urine exfoliated cells, and combined with urine exfoliated cytology can greatly improve the sensitivity of diagnosis, but the increased cost of multiple examination methods limits its use in diagnosis and each postoperative follow-up. Endoscopy includes cystoscopy and ureteroscopy. Cystoscopy is the most reliable way to diagnose bladder cancer, and some patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer also have bladder cancer. Therefore, cystoscopy is almost the "gold standard" method for the diagnosis of urothelial cancer. For most upper urinary tract urothelial cancers, ureteroscopic biopsy is the only method that can be used to pathological diagnosis before surgical resection. However, endoscopy is an invasive examination, which will cause additional pain and complications to the patient, and the resulting local adhesions or trauma will also increase the risk of postoperative recurrence. The characteristics of urothelial cancer are prone to recurrence. Therefore, there are strict follow-up time and standards after surgery. Endoscopy examination is required every three months or six months, which also increases the pain and expense of patients. Based on the above considerations, finding an accurate, non-destructive and economical urine biopsy diagnosis method is an urgent problem in the clinical research of urothelial cancer. Genetron Uro V1 has sensitivity, specificity, and NPV of the pre-diagnostic test for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma reached 92.2%, 91.9%, and 94.1%, respectively. Another urine biopsy method based on low-coverage whole-genome sequencing to detect copy number variation (CNV) in patients with urothelial tumors reported its application performance in the diagnosis of urothelial cancer, and its total sensitivity and specificity reached 80.4% and 94.9%, respectively. This project is to optimize new liquid biopsy methods (Genetron Uro V1 and LC-WGS)that will bring greater benefits to the clinic through more standard and larger clinical trials.
BACKGROUND: Leptomeningeal metastasis occurs in 5% of patients with prostate cancer and indicates a very poor prognosis.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 60-year-old Caucasian male patient diagnosed with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with sclerotic bone metastases and soft tissue metastases underwent multiple courses of chemotherapy and hormone therapy. The diagnosis of prostate cancer is based on elevated prostate-specific antigen levels and tissue biopsy. He subsequently presented with expressive aphasia. Nonspecific, diffuse irregular dural/pachymeningeal thickening enhancement was noted on magnetic resonance imaging. Upon evaluation by neurology, electroencephalogram was negative for an epileptiform correlate. The workup included a lumbar puncture to rule out infectious etiology. The patient's neurological status stabilized, and he was discharged home with a plan for continued therapy with abiraterone and prednisone. Due to advanced malignancy, the patient enrolled in hospice and died 3 weeks after hospital discharge.
CONCLUSIONS: Central nervous system metastasis occurs very rarely in prostate cancer. With the increase in life expectancy and advances in oncologic therapy for prostate cancer, physicians should be aware of and consider central nervous system metastasis in men aged 50 years and above.
The emerging extracellular vesicles technologies is an advanced therapeutic approach showing promising potential for addressing inflammatory diseases. These techniques have been proven to have positive effects on immune modulation and anti-inflammatory responses. With these advancements, a comprehensive review and update on the role of extracellular vesicles in inflammatory diseases have become timely. This review aims to summarize the research progress of extracellular vesicle technologies such as plant-derived extracellular vesicles, milk-derived extracellular vesicles, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles, etc., in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. It elucidates their potential significance in regulating inflammation, promoting tissue repair, and treating diseases. The goal is to provide insights for future research in this field, fostering the application and development of extracellular vesicle technology in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
A system and method to determine a sleep disorder in a patient is disclosed. A storage device stores a digital image including a face and a neck of the patient. A database stores previously identified phenotypes and dimensions of facial and neck features. A sleep disorder analysis engine is coupled to the storage device and the database. The sleep disorder analysis engine is operable to identify features of the face and the neck from the image by determining landmarks on the image. The sleep disorder analysis engine classifies at least one phenotype from the image based on comparisons with the database. The sleep disorder analysis engine correlates the at least one phenotype and at least one feature with a sleep disorder. The sleep disorder analysis engine determines a risk score of the sleep disorder based on the correlation of the phenotype and the feature.
A total of 260 patients will receive gemcitabine 600 mg/m2 (maximum dose: 1000 mg) on D1 and D8, doxorubicin 18 mg/m2 on D1 and D8 (maximum dose: 32 mg), docetaxel 25 mg/m2 on D1 and D8 (maximum dose: 42 mg), on Days 1 and 8. After the first cycle, nivolumab 240 mg IV will be added on Day 1 of each cycle (see product information; www.accessdata.fda.gov). Treatment cycles are given every 3 weeks. Patients in this study may continue treatment until significant disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs up to one year of therapy. Patients who withdraw or do not complete the first 2 treatment cycles and first follow up CT scan/MRI will be replaced.
A laxative/medicinal preparation obtained of a selective bioactive extract from the rhizomes and roots of PICRORRHIZA KURROA and its method for manufacture and also to a method for treatment of human beings for relieving constipation using the same. In particular the laxative preparation comprises bioactive chloroform or methanolic extract of rhizomes or roots of Picrorrhiza Kurroa and optionally pharmaceutically acceptable carrier thereof. Preferably, the laxative preparation comprises 50 to 500 mg preferably 50 to 250 mg of bioactive chloroform extract of rhizomes or roots of Picrorrhiza Kurroa or 50 to 500 mg of bioactive methanolic extract of rhizomes or roots of Picrorrhiza Kurroa in a pharmaceutically acceptable form with or without a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier thereof. The process involves selective extraction of the active from rhizomes or roots of Picrorrhiza Kurroa using either methanol or chloroform as the selective solvents. The laxative preparation is gentle, safe and effective, free of undesirable side effects and capable of relieving severe constipation. Importantly serves as a herbal laxative for humans on a commercial scale. The laxative can be administered in various dosage forms as may be applicable.
The invention relates to compositions and their groups including indazolecontaining compounds. The compounds and their therapeutical activity are as a result of bioisosteric substitution of cathechol with indazole in a cathecholcontaining compound having the same therapeutical activity where the noncathechol substituents are the same or homologues before or after the substitution. The compositions include a compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt with formulae where in a preferred option RC is hydrogen; RA is cyclohexyl; and RB is ethyl. Ra and Rb individually are hydrogen or noncathechol substituents of the compounds produced directly as a result of bioisosteric substitution of cathechol with indazole in the cathecholcontaining compounds possessing the above therapeutical activity where the noncathechol substituents are the same or homologues before or after the substitution provided that both radical Ra and Rb cannot simultaneously mean hydrogen. The therapeutical activity can include activity of cholinesterase inhibition, activity of adrenergic alpha 1-antagonist and beta 1-agonist, activity of inhibition of calcium canals, antineoplastic activity and activity of phosphodiesterase type IV inhibition. 8 claims
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a clinical challenge observed among 40-45% of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) cases. IVH can be classified according to the source of the hemorrhage into primary and secondary IVH. Primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH), unlike secondary IVH, involves only the ventricles with no hemorrhagic parenchymal source. Several risk factors of PIVH were reported which include hypertension, smoking, age, and excessive alcohol consumption. IVH is associated with high mortality and morbidity and several prognostic factors were identified such as IVH volume, number of ventricles with blood, involvement of fourth ventricle, baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score, and hydrocephalus. Prompt management of patients with IVH is required to stabilize the clinical status of patients upon admission. Nevertheless, further advanced management is crucial to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with intraventricular bleeding. Recent treatments showed promising outcomes in the management of IVH patients such as intraventricular anti-inflammatory drugs, lumbar drainage, and endoscopic evacuation of IVH, however, their safety and efficacy are still in question. This literature review presents the epidemiology, physiopathology, risk factors, and outcomes of IVH in adults with an emphasis on recent treatment options.
Antibodies are proteins made by the immune system. They fight things that the body sees as foreign, such as bacteria and viruses. The body can also see cancer cells as foreign. When the body sees a foreign invader, it sends out antibodies that tag the invader. Once this happens, the immune system can work to destroy whatever the antibody has tagged.

Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that can be made in the lab. They tag a portion of a cancer cell. Early monoclonal antibodies were made from antibodies grown in mice. They caused an antibody response in humans after one dose. Now they are more like human antibodies, and thus, do not produce the same reactions on repeated doses. These are called chimeric antibodies. The antibody we will use in this study is called chimeric G250 (cG250).

Recent research has shown that some antibodies can attach themselves to cancer cells, and that they bind to very few normal cells. This could help cancer treatment in two ways. One is that the body's own immune system might work to destroy tagged cancer cells. The other is that we can attach chemotherapy drugs or radioactive chemicals to the antibodies. These can then deliver treatment when the antibodies attach to the cancer cells.

This study is being done to test the tagging ability of cG250 to cancer cells. After you receive cG250, you will have a scan. The picture the scan produces will show where the antibody has collected inside the body. From this, it is possible to measure how well cG250 can detect kidney cancer. This is NOT a treatment for renal cancer. After your surgery, we will examine the tumor and other tissue to see how much of the antibody has attached to the tumor.
A method of producing enzyme granulates, enzyme granulates produced By the method, and the use thereof in formulations is provided, for example, for animal feed, foodstuffs, washing agents, rinsing agents or for pharmaceutical uses. The enzyme granulates have a high relative proportion of active enzyme, particular particle size, good shelf life, particularly small rounding factors and/or low residual moisture proportion, and further specific properties. The production of the enzyme granulates is achieved by linking of the thermal conditions in the injection zone and temperature conditions in the remainder of the apparatus. This is achieved by introduction of heated process gasses for drying exclusively in the injection zone. The secure introduction of articles into the injection zone is achieved by the specific geometric arrangement of the apparatus using gravity. The absolute value for enzyme activity of the enzyme granulates can be controlled by the addition of particles as seed material for the granules.
To test the hypothesis, this study will utilize a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled between-subject design to examine the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) and carbohydrate-protein (CHO-P) supplementation on short-term recovery following aerobic interval exercise (INT) and time to exhaustion (TTE) testing in maters class athletes. After completing the informed consent and screening process (Visit #1), each participant will be assessed for their anthropometric measures as well as body composition and will complete a graded exercise test to volitional exhaustion on a cycle ergometer to determine VO2peak. Forty-eight to 72 hours after Visit #1, or VO2peak testing, participants will return to the lab for familiarization with the INT exercise protocol and TTE test (Visit #2). Within forty-eight to 72 hours after familiarization (Visit #2), participants will return to the lab for Visit #3 to complete INT exercise and TTE, a 2-hour passive recovery period including the consumption of one of three treatments (CHO, CHO-P, PLA), followed by repeated INT exercise and TTE, heart rate variability and sweat rate determination. Participants will also complete the Nutritional Recovery Practices, Knowledge, and Beliefs of Australian Triathletes survey during the 2-hour recovery period. Participants will be asked to complete the ASA24®, an automated self-administered 24-hour dietary assessment tool during the 5-9-day period between familiarization (Visit #2) and the experimental protocol (Visit #3).
Patients will be randomized to the control group or the experimental group. Patients in the control group will receive the treating physician's standard of care, and undergo bladder scans in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU), upon admission to the unit, and prior to discharge from the hospital. Patients in the experimental group will undergo a multimodal pain control care pathway that minimizes opioid consumption.

The primary endpoint will be the presence of or absence of post-operative urinary retention (POUR) between discharge from the PACU and prior to discharge from the hospital. POUR will be defined as bladder volume of greater than 500cc and the inability to void for at least 2 hours within the first 24 hours. POUR, once identified will be treated with intermittent straight catheterization (ISC). Secondary endpoints will include opioid consumption (in morphine milligram equivalents; MME), genito-urinary consultation, type (knee or hip) and duration of surgery, type of anesthesia, duration of anesthesia, total amount of IV fluids, blood loss, length of hospital stay (LOS), discharge status (home with early outpatient physical therapy, etc.), time of first spontaneous voiding, and the number of ISCs and any necessary indwelling catheterization and adverse events of interest including POUR, post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), severe pain of 7 or greater on the numeric rating scale(NRS), blood loss requiring transfusion, and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
This is a prospective, non-randomized, open label study to evaluate the performance of the C8 MediSensors non-invasive Optical Glucose Monitor™ on individuals with diabetes mellitus. Capillary blood samples will be obtained throughout a daily study session; the study session may last for up to 12 hours. Blood glucose will be measured on a YSI blood glucose analyzer. Subjects may adjust food intake and insulin administration so device performance is evaluated across a broad range of glucose concentrations. Glucose measurements will be time matched and paired for comparison. Skin effects and adverse events will be evaluated.
A single dose of Cyproheptadine (CPH) (8 mg) will be administered. Supplied as 2 over-encapsulated pills of 4 mg each.
PURPOSE:To provide the subject dialyzing fluid for portable continuous peritioneal dialysis, resistant to diffusion-infiltration into the blood vessel wall, the supporting tissue or the epithelium by using, as a constituent component, a substance prepared by hydrolyzing the water-soluble part of a specified neutral polysaccharide such as guar gum having a specified average molecular weight. CONSTITUTION:One or more hydrolyzed neutral polysaccharides selected from water soluble substance obtained by partial hydrosis of guar gum, tara gum, locust beam gum, tamarind seed or devil tongue glucomannan and having 2000-15000 average molecular weight are used as constituent components to obtain the objective dialyzing fluid for peritioneal dialysis. Said dialyzing fluid contains 110-150 mequiv. Na, 0.5-5.0 mequiv. Ca, 0.5-2.5 mequiv. Mg, 25-45 mequiv. lactic acid, 90-130 mequiv. chlorine, 0.5-30g amino acid, etc., and <=about 300g above-mentioned hydrolyzed neutral polysaccharide based on 1 of dialyzing fluid, and having osmotic pressure of 300-500mOsm/kg H2O, showing various profitable effects such as low in lowering of osmotic pressure thereof, stability enough to be free from blowing due to heat sterilization and resistance to acting as a calorie source, in addition to the above-mentioned effects.
Depression is a neuropsychological disorder with a complex pathophysiology and its pharmacotherapy is compromised by adverse side effects. Addressing the need for effective treatment for depression, the current study aims to characterize the antidepressant activity of oil extract derived from Aethoscytus foveolus, bugs that are widely available in India, in a mice model of stress-induced depression. Chemical moieties characterized by GC-MS of A. foveolus oil extract have shown good affinity for monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in-silico. In-vitro MAO-inhibitory assay using mouse brain homogenates also showed similar results at IC50 1.363 nM (R2 = 0.981, SD ± 0.05, n = 3) of it. These results encouraged us to investigate the antidepressant potential of this oil extract in vivo. Stress-exposed mice (Swiss Albino, either sex, 25-30 gm) were administered 5 and 10 mg/kg doses of oil extract and classified as separate groups (N = 6 per group). Behavioral tests like the forced-swim test, tail-suspension test, and open-field test demonstrated significant attenuation of stress-induced depressive-like behavior of mice by both doses (p < 0.0001 with positive control group i.e., stress group), while biochemical tests on mice brain tissues showed amelioration of stress-induced hyperactivation of MAO (p < 0.0001) and oxidative stress (by increasing Superoxide dismutase and catalase, while reducing lipid peroxidase and nitric oxide) (p < 0.0001). The altered mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (NF-κB, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α) (p < 0.015) was also improved by this oil extract. In addition, histopathology of hippocampus tissues of mice supports that this oil recovers stress-mediated structural changes of the brain. In conclusion our findings suggest that oil derived from A. foveolus could be beneficial in the alleviation of stress-mediated depressive-like behavior of mice, and in our knowledge, this is the first report identifying anti-neurodegenerative potential of A. foveolus.
A method for using sodium meta-arsenite (AsO 2   − ) to suppress growing of human cancer cells is provided to find a method of curing human cancers. Effects of sodium-meta arsenite (AsO 2   − ) on various human cancer cells are investigated via in vitro cytotoxic activity and in vivo anticancer activity against nude mice. For in vitro cytotoxic activity, six (6) kinds of human cancer with nine (9) cancer cell lines, eight (8) kinds of human cancers with twelve (12) cancer cell lines and ten (10) kinds of human cancers with forty one (41) cancer cell lines are tested. For in vivo anticancer activity, two (2) kinds of cancers of human renal cancer RXF 944LX and leukemia cells are tested utilizing nude mice. Maximum tolerated dose assessment of sodium meta-arsenite (AsO 2   − ) after daily oral gavages for 14 days were investigated for mouse, rat and pig. Subacute toxicity study of sodium meta-arsenite (AsO 2   − ) was induced after daily oral gavages for 14 days in the mouse followed by a 28-day recovery period. Arsenic acid sodium salt and cacodylic acid were used for comparison of the effect on the same human cancer cell lines. Sodium meta-arsenite (AsO 2   − ) showed better anticancer activity without any severe side effects within the range of tested dose compared to other arsenic compounds.
All participants will receive full mouth conventional ultrasonic subgingival debridement only. No time limit (Flemmig 2012), until dental surfaces feel smooth.
Phone calls will cease, but subjects will maintain access to apps, websites, and actigraphy. After four weeks, EB/BS and GHQ 12 scores, physical activity, app and website use will be reassessed. Anticipated outcomes: Activity will decrease during the sustainability period, but will remain significantly greater than the pre-intervention period. Overall GHQ 12 and EB/BS scores will improve.
This was a randomized (patients are assigned different treatments based on chance), double-blind (neither the patient nor the physician knows whether drug or placebo is being taken, or at what dosage), repeated-dose, three-arm parallel group study conducted in three phases. Following a Prior Opioid Stabilization Phase, wherein patients were required to be on a stable dose of chronic opioid therapy, patients were converted, titrated and stabilized on hydromorphone HCI IR (immediate release) to achieve acceptable levels of analgesia in the Open-Label Hydromorphone HCI IR (immediate release) Conversion, Titration, and Stabilization Phase. Supplementary hydromorphone HCI IR (immediate release) was provided for breakthrough pain, and patients were considered stabilized on hydromorphone HCI IR (immediate release) when the total daily dose of hydromorphone HCI IR (immediate release) remained unchanged with no more than three hydromorphone HCI IR (immediate release) breakthrough pain medication doses per day for 2 consecutive days. Patients who were able to achieve a stable total daily dose of at least 20 mg but not more than 60 mg of hydromorphone HCI IR (immediate release) (exclusive of breakthrough pain medication) within the 14 day Open-Label hydromorphone HCI IR (immediate release) Conversion, Titration, and Stabilization Phase of the study entered the Double-Blind, Randomized, Repeat Dosing Phase of the study. Patients were randomized to receive 7 days of either OROS hydromorphone HCI SR (slow release) at a daily dose approximately equal to their stabilized total daily dose of hydromorphone HCI IR (immediate release), OROS hydromorphone HCI SR (slow release) at a daily dose approximately equal to one-half their stabilized total daily dose of hydromorphone HCI IR (immediate release) (1/2 OROS hydromorphone slow release), or hydromorphone HCI IR (immediate release) at the same daily dose on which they were stabilized (hydromorphone immediate release). Patients who completed the study were eligible for participation in an open-label OROS hydromorphone SR (slow release) long-term extension study (Protocol DO-109). OROS hydromorphone slow release 8, 16 and 32 mg tablets, hydromorphone immediate release 2 and 4 mg tablets, placebo immediate release 2 and 4 mg tablets and placebo slow release 8, 16, and 32 mg tablets taken orally for 7 days