anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE:To provide an inhalant containing a calcium antagonistic agent as the active substance, having selective depressing action on lung circulation blood pressure and useful e.g. as a new specific and selective treating agent for the symptom to specifically increase exclusively the lung circulation blood pressure such as pulmonary hypertension. CONSTITUTION:This inhalant having selective depressing action on lung circulation blood pressure is produced by using a calcium antagonistic agent such as dihydropyridine compound (e.g. palonidipine hydrochloride, nifedipine, nicardipine and nitrendipine), a homoveratrylamine compound (e.g. verapamil), a benzothiazepine compound (e.g. diltiazem), a piperylazine compound (e.g. cinnarizine) and a diphenylpropylamine compound (e.g. prelamine) as an active substance, suspending the substance together with a suspension assistant (e.g. sorbitan trioleate) in a liquid fluorinated hydrocarbon and filling the dispersion together with a propellant such as a fluorinated hydrocarbon mixture into a spraying vessel e.g. by refrigeration filling method.
Women will be vaccinated with an acellular pertussis containing vaccine (Boostrix) between 27 and 36 weeks of gestation. Children born from these mothers will be vaccinated according to the official recommendations in Thailand at 2, 4, 6 and 18 months with a hexavalent acellular pertussis containing vaccine (Infanrix hexa).
The prevalence of obesity globally has tripled over the last half century, and currently affects around 650 million adults and 340 million children and adolescents (ages 5-19 years). Obesity contributes towards >50 co-morbidities and premature mortality. Obesity is a highly stigmatised condition that is associated with much mental and emotional distress and dysfunction. Thus, obesity is a major contributor to healthcare expenditure globally. Traditionally, the management of obesity stratifies into three major groups that include metabolic (bariatric) surgery, pharmacotherapies, and lifestyle (primarily dietary) strategies. Although listed as a separate category, dietary strategies for obesity remain a central component of any management plan, and often complement other surgical and pharmacotherapeutic options. Indeed, the effectiveness of any management approach for obesity relies upon successful behavioural changes, particularly relating to eating behaviours. In this concise review, we explore the foundational pillars of dietary strategies for obesity: sleep, listening, routine, de-stressing and optimisation of social conditions. We then discuss the importance of balancing dietary macronutrients (including dietary fibre, carbohydrates, protein and ultra-processed foods [UPFs]) as a key dietary strategy for obesity. Although we focus on general principles, we should provide bespoke dietary strategies for our patients, tailored to their individual needs. Rather than judging the utility of a diet based simply on its associated magnitude of weight loss, we should adopt a more holistic perspective in which a dietary strategy is valued for its overall health benefits, including the nurturing of our gut microbiota, to enable them to nurture and protect us.
Use of clobetasol propionate shampoo, 0.05% in patients under 18 years old is not recommended due to potential for HPA axis suppression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]

The effect of clobetasol propionate shampoo, 0.05% on HPA axis suppression was evaluated in one trial in adolescents 12 to 17 years of age with moderate to severe scalp psoriasis with involvement of at least 25% of the scalp. In this trial, 5 of 12 evaluable subjects developed suppression of their HPA axis following 4 weeks of treatment with clobetasol propionate shampoo, 0.05%, applied once daily for 15 minutes to a dry scalp before lathering and rinsing. Only 1 of the 5 subjects who had suppression was tested for recovery of HPA axis, and this subject recovered after 2 weeks.

No studies have been performed in patients under the age of 12. Because of a higher ratio of skin surface area to body mass, pediatric patients are at a greater risk than adults of HPA axis suppression and Cushing's syndrome when they are treated with topical corticosteroids. They are therefore also at greater risk of adrenal insufficiency during and/or after withdrawal of treatment. Adverse effects including striae have been reported with inappropriate use of topical corticosteroids in infants and children. Therefore, use is not recommended in patients under the age of 18.

HPA axis suppression, Cushing's syndrome, linear growth retardation, delayed weight gain, and intracranial hypertension have been reported in children receiving topical corticosteroids.

Manifestations of adrenal suppression in children include low plasma cortisol levels and an absence of response to ACTH stimulation. Manifestations of intracranial hypertension include bulging fontanelles, headaches, and bilateral papilledema.
BACKGROUND: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is commonly used for the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill neonates. This study investigated the effectiveness and feasibility of CRRT for AKI in neonates who weigh ≤3 kg.
METHODS: Data from 19 neonates with a weight ≤3 kg and AKI who underwent CRRT at two centres between January 2015 and October 2021 were collected retrospectively. Kidney function, circulatory function, complications and clinical outcomes were recorded. Repeated-measures analyses of variance, t-tests and non-parametric tests were conducted.
RESULTS: The median patient age at CRRT initiation was 3 days (IQR: 1-7 days). The median patient weight at CRRT initiation was 2.67 kg (IQR: 2.20-2.85 kg). The median CCRT duration was 46 hours (IQR: 32-72 hours). The serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels decreased significantly, and the mean arterial pressure increased significantly after 12 hours of CRRT and at the end of CRRT. The urinary output was significantly increased at the end of CRRT. 11 patients had thrombocytopaenia, 6 had electrolyte disorders and 3 had blocked tubes. Five patients were discharged, six died after their parents chose to discontinue treatment and eight died after active treatment. Weight at CRRT initiation and urinary output at the end of CRRT were significantly lower among patients who died than among patients who survived.
CONCLUSIONS: CRRT is feasible and effective for AKI in neonates who weigh ≤3 kg when accompanied by elaborate supportive care. Lower body weight and persistent oliguria may be correlated with an increased risk of poor clinical outcomes.
The invention discloses an oxindole spiro dihydrofuran skeleton, a synthesis method and application thereof. The invention provides an oxindole spiro dihydrofuran structure. The invention provides a synthesis method thereof, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing ternary synthon containing an oxindole skeleton with o-tetrahydropyrrole benzaldehyde in a solvent, and reacting at 50-90 ℃ under an acidic condition to obtain the oxindole spiro dihydrofuran compound. The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition. The invention also provides application of the oxindole spiro dihydrofuran skeleton in preparing medicaments for treating cancers and the like. According to the method for efficiently synthesizing the indole oxide spiro dihydrofuran compound, the ternary synthon containing the indole oxide skeleton and the o-tetrahydropyrrole benzaldehyde are subjected to [3+2] cyclization reaction, so that efficient construction of the indole oxide spiro dihydrofuran skeleton is realized.
Mechanism of Action: Chloroquine, a 4-aminoquinoline, is an anti-protozoal agent. The precise mechanism by which chloroquine exhibits activity is not known. Chloroquine, may exert its effect against Plasmodiumspecies by concentrating in the acid vesicles of the parasite and by inhibiting polymerization of heme. It can also inhibit certain enzymes by its interaction with DNA.   


Activity in Vitroand in Clinical Infections: Chloroquine is active against the erythrocytic forms of susceptible strains of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale,and Plasmodium vivax. Chloroquine is not active against the gametocytes and the exoerythrocytic forms including the hypnozoite stage ( P. vivaxand P. ovale) of the Plasmodiumparasites.   


In vitrostudies with Chloroquine demonstrated that it is active against the trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica.   


Drug Resistance: Resistance of Plasmodiumparasites to chloroquine is widespread (see INDICATIONS AND USAGE, Limitations of Use in Malariaand WARNINGS).   


Plasmodiumparasites exhibiting reduced susceptibility to hydroxychloroquine also show reduced susceptibility to chloroquine.   


Patients in whom chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine have failed to prevent or cure clinical malaria or parasitemia, or patients who acquired malaria in a geographic area where chloroquine resistance is known to occur should be treated with another form of antimalarial therapy (see WARNINGSand INDICATIONS AND USAGE, Limitations of Use).
Microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery is an effective curative treatment for hemifacial spasm (HFS). This study aims to establish techniques that may lead to favorable outcomes by analyzing reoperations in patients with persistent or recurrent HFS.Patients who exhibited persistent or recurrent HFS symptoms after prior MVD surgery were identified as candidates for reoperation. Information regarding the reoperations was collected by tracing the entire surgical procedures and peri-operative management. Clinical manifestations and follow-up data were obtained from the hospital records and subsequent visits.Twenty-six patients underwent repeat MVD surgery. Among them, multi-culprit neurovascular compression (NVC) was identified as the primary cause of failure to response to the previous operation in 73.08% of cases. Pure tissue adhesion accounted for 38.46% of cases, while shredded Teflon pledget (STP) shifting was observed in 7.69% of cases. Postoperative outcomes were assessed through revisits and categorized into four groups: excellent (76.92%), good (15.38%), fair (7.69%), and poor (0%). The longest follow-up period exceeded 65 moths.The trans-lateral suboccipital infra-floccular approach provides a better visual field. Examination of entire length of the facial nerve is essential. STP with gelatin sponge implantation is a suitable material for facilitating nerve and vascular positioning and reducing adhesion.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disease causing different progressive pathological changes. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a product of gut microbiota metabolism, is a specific agonist of the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway, one of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathways. TMAO has been associated with the occurrence and development of NAFLD based on the results of previous studies, but whether the simple consumption of TMAO can directly induce NAFLD and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. To investigate this question, we constructed an animal model in which adult male zebrafish were fed a controlled diet containing 1 % or 3 % TMAO for 20 weeks. Eventually, we observed that TMAO caused lipid accumulation, inflammatory infiltration, liver injury and liver fibrosis in zebrafish livers; meanwhile, the PERK signaling pathway was activated in the zebrafish livers. This finding was further confirmed in HepG2 cells and hepatic stellate cells models. In conclusion, this study found that TMAO directly induced different pathological states of NAFLD in zebrafish liver, and the activation of PERK pathway is an important mechanism, which may provide crucial strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.
Each vial of ZANOSAR contains 1 g of the active ingredient streptozocin 2-deoxy-2 [[(methylnitrosoamino)carbonyl]amino]-α (and ß)-D-glucopyranose and 220 mg citric acid anhydrous. ZANOSAR is available as a sterile, pale yellow, freeze-dried preparation for intravenous administration. The pH was adjusted with sodium hydroxide. When reconstituted as directed, the pH of the solution will be between 3.5 and 4.5. Streptozocin is a synthetic antineoplastic agent that is chemically related to other nitrosoureas used in cancer chemotherapy. Streptozocin is an ivory-colored crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 265.2. It is very soluble in water or physiological saline and is soluble in alcohol. The structural formula is represented below:
FIELD: molecular biology, virology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the purified proteins of human papilloma viruses. Purified protein of capsid protein of human papilloma virus is prepared by transformation of yeast cells with recombinant DNA molecule encoding the protein taken among the group including HPV6a, HPV11, HPV16, protein L1, protein L2, protein L1 + L2. Transformed cells are cultured under conditions providing expression of recombinant DNA molecules to obtain the crude protein composition. Papilloma virus protein is purified on chromatography column with resin PORIS. Invention ensures to develop and commercialize prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine against infection and disease induced by human papilloma virus. EFFECT: improved method of purification and preparing papilloma virus proteins. 11 dwg, 38 ex
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(-2) (SARS CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that has spread rapidly and globally and Influenza is a worldwide public health problem, responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Ad26.COV2.S (also known as VAC31518, JNJ-78436735) is a monovalent vaccine composed of a recombinant, replication-incompetent human adenovirus type 26 (Ad26) vector, constructed to encode SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, stabilized in its prefusion conformation. The seasonal influenza vaccines to be used in this study are quadrivalent (standard dose) and quadrivalent (high-dose) or equivalent formulated. The aim is to demonstrate the concomitant administration of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine and a seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine (standard-dose) is non-inferior than the administration of either seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine (standard-dose) alone as measured by HI titers against each of the 4 influenza vaccine strains at 28 days after the administration of a quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine or Ad26.COV2.S vaccine alone as measured by Spiked-Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (S-ELISA) antibody titers at 28 days after the administration of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. This study consists of 3 phases: screening phase (Day -28 to 1), treatment phase (vaccination visits on Days 1 and 29), and a follow-up phase (28 days after each vaccination). Some of safety assessments will include physical examination, vital signs, clinical safety laboratory assessments, pregnancy testing, monitoring of adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), and adverse events of special interest (AESI). The total duration of the study is up to 7-8 months.

Note: The Informed Consent Form dated 25-Mar-2022 is final version of the study MASTER ICF, used by local countries to prepare the local language version of the ICF, which have been approved by the Ethics Committees. And the highlighted text in the ICF document are the guidance for country specific adaptation.
The present invention relates to a  Drosophila  in vitro system which was used to demonstrate that dsRNA is processed to RNA segments 21-23 nucleotides (nt) in length. Furthermore, when these 21-23 nt fragments are purified and added back to  Drosophila  extracts, they mediate RNA interference in the absence of long dsRNA, Thus, these 21-23 nt fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNA degradation. A molecular signal, which may be their specific length, must be present in these 21-23 nt fragments to recruit cellular factors involved in RNAi. This present invention encompasses these 21-23 nt fragments and their use for specifically inactivating gene function. The use of these fragments (or chemically synthesized oligonucleotides of the same or similar nature) enables the targeting of specific mRNAs for degradation in mammalian cells, where the use of long dsRNAs to elicit RNAi is usually not practical, presumably because of the deleterious effects of the interferon response. This specific targeting of a particular gene function is useful in functional genomic and therapeutic applications.
Methods are disclosed for screening potential atypical APDs. One method of this invention comprises examination of the ability of potential APDs to prevent the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP)-induced blockade of NMDA responses in pyramidal cells of the medial prefrontal cortex in in vitro brain slice preparations. Another method disclosed herein involves examination of the ability of potential atypical APDs to prevent effects produced by repeated treatment of PCP in pyramidal cells of the medial prefrontal cortex in in vitro brain slice preparations. In humans, not only does PCP causes hallucinations and delusions, but it also causes an associated apathetic state and a type of formal thought disorder that are distinctive features of schizophrenia. Furthermore, in schizophrenics, NMDA antagonists produce an exacerbation of psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairment. Cognitive deficits have also been observed in PCP-treated rats and monkeys. Evidence has been accumulating to show that atypical APDs are a lot more effective than typical APDs in preventing/reversing the PCP-induced effect. It is disclosed herein, novel electrophysiological methods for screening potential atypical APDs and predicting their therapeutic efficacy in schizophrenic negative symptoms and neuropsychological and cognitive deficits.
PURPOSE: A composition containing umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells is provided to induce chemotactic activity of the mesenchymal stem cells. CONSTITUTION: A composition for transferring anti-tumor gene or product there contains umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells. One or IL-8 and GRO-alpha is expressed in brain tumor. The umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell is used for transferring gene or product thereof to brain tumor. The anti-tumor gene is tumor suppressor gene, apoptosis inducing factor gene, cell cycle regulation gene or angiogenesis inhibitor gene. A composition for monitoring and diagnosing brain tumor contains umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells labeled with a detectable marker.
The invention discloses a medicament for treating diabetes. Active components of the medicament for treating the diabetes are prepared from the following raw materials in part by weight: 0.5 to 2 parts of scorpion and 8 to 12 parts of gypsum. The medicament is a natural and simple Chinese medicinal compound preparation, which combines animal and mineral medicaments in traditional Chinese medicaments for preventing and treating the diabetes progressively increased for the first time. The medicament has the effects of strengthening insulin sensitivity, reducing fasting and postprandial blood glucose, regulating lipid disturbance caused by the diabetes and the like, and has the action mechanism of mainly promoting the recovery of pancreas islet function. The scorpion dosage in the medicament is the common safe dosage, and obvious toxic or side effects are not found in the usability process. The medicament is unique in curative effect, clear in mechanism and simple in process and is suitable for industrialization and international markets.
BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea is defined as stool frequency of more than three times in twenty-four hours or a stool weight of more than two hundred grams and it is labelled as chronic diarrhoea if it persists for more than four weeks. Chronic diarrhoea is a common gastrointestinal problem worldwide that affects three to fifteen percent of population. Objective was to determine the efficacy of vitamin B 12 replacement in treatment of chronic diarrhoea in vitamin B deficient patients. It was a Quasi-experimental study carried out at Pakistan Ordinance Factory (POF) Hospital Wah Cantt, from September 2023 to February 2024.
METHODS: All the new patients of chronic diarrhoea of ages between 12-65 years who had low serum vitamin B 12 and normal serum folate levels were included in the study. The patients were booked from Medicine and Allied outpatient and they were given parenteral vitamin B12. The sub-set of patients in whom diarrhoea was settled was followed up till six months. The efficacy was defined as settlement of diarrhoea with parenteral vitamin B12 within one week. The secondary outcomes were adequacy of serum vitamin B12 levels at 2 weeks, three months and six months after treatment. All patients (100%) had adequate B12 levels till follow up. Data was analyzed through SPSS.
RESULTS: Efficacy of parenteral B12 supplementation was seen in 16 (76.2%) patients. Out of sixteen patients who responded to vitamin B12 supplementation, 10 (47.6%) patients showed improvement in less than two days, 5 (23.8%) showed improvement in less than four days and 1 (4.8) patient stopped experiencing diarrhoea within seven days of intramuscular vitamin B12 with p-value of <0.001.
CONCLUSIONS: Replacement of vitamin B 12 in patients with chronic diarrhoea having low vitamin B 12 results in settlement of diarrhoea.
In the management of overdosage with any drug, it should be borne in mind that multiple agents may have been taken.

Manifestations of lorazepam overdosage include somnolence, confusion, and coma. Induced vomiting and/or gastric lavage should be undertaken, followed by general supportive care, monitoring of vital signs, and close observation of the patient. Hypotension, though unlikely, usually may be controlled with norepinephrine bitartrate injection. The usefulness of dialysis has not been determined.

Flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines and may be used in situations when an overdose with a benzodiazepine is known or suspected. Prior to the administration of flumazenil, necessary measures should be instituted to secure airway, ventilation, and intravenous access. Flumazenil is intended as an adjunct to, not as a substitute for, proper management of benzodiazepine overdose. Patients treated with flumazenil should be monitored for re-sedation, respiratory depression, and other residual benzodiazepine effects for an appropriate period after treatment. The prescriber should be aware of a risk of seizure in association with flumazenil treatment, particularly in long-term benzodiazepine users and in cyclic antidepressant overdose. The complete flumazenil package insert including CONTRAINDICATIONS,WARNINGS, and PRECAUTIONS should be consulted prior to use.
Patients in arm B received therapy with Secukinumab 300 mg s.c., which consisted of two injections with 150 mg prefilled syringes at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 (last injection was performed at week 24). In addition they participated in a lifestyle intervention program.
Parastomal hernia (PSH) is a common complication in patients receiving ileal conduit urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, we validate our previous finding that extraperitonealization of ileal conduit decreases incidence of PSH. In total, 104 consecutive patients undergoing radical cystectomy at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center are randomized 1:1 to receive either modified (extraperitonealized) ileal conduit (n = 52) or conventional ileal conduit (n = 52). Primary endpoint is incidence of radiological PSH during follow-up. Incidence of radiological PSH is lower in the modified group than in the conventional group (11.5% vs. 28.8%; p = 0.028) after a median follow-up of 32 months, corresponding to a hazard ratio of 0.374 (95% confidence interval: 0.145-0.965, p = 0.034) in the modified conduit group. The results support our previous finding that extraperitonealization of the ileal conduit is effective for reducing risk of PSH in patients receiving ileal conduit diversion.