anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In recent years, researchers have focused on studying the mechanism of sepsis-induced immunosuppression, but there is still a lack of suitable animal models that accurately reflect the process of sepsis-induced immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune status at various stages in a model of sepsis-induced secondary pneumonia and to demonstrate whether pyroptosis is one of the modes of immune cell death in sepsis. Firstly, we established a sepsis model in C57BL/6J mice using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The surviving mice were treated with a 40 μL suspension of P.aeruginosa (Pa) under anesthesia on day 4 post-CLP to establish a sepsis-induced secondary pneumonia model. Secondly, routine blood tests, serum ALT and PCT levels, gross lung specimens, and H&E staining of the lung and liver tissues were used to assess the successful establishment of this model. Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6, the CD4+/CD8+ratio in blood, H&E staining of the spleen, and immunohistochemistry of CD4 and CD8 in the spleen were detected to evaluate the immune status of the model mice. Finally, the expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins in the spleen were detected by Western blot. The expression of GSDMD was assessed using immunohistochemistry, and pyroptosis was directly observed through transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results above confirmed the successful construction of the model for sepsis-induced secondary pneumonia, demonstrating its ability to reflect sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Moreover, the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins, immunohistochemical GSDMD, and transmission electron microscopy of the spleen showed that pyroptosis was one of the modes of immune cell death in sepsis.
After intranasal administration, the systemic bioavailability of azelastine hydrochloride is approximately 40%. Maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) are achieved in 2-3 hours. Based on intravenous and oral administration, the elimination half-life, steady-state volume of distribution, and plasma clearance are 22 hours, 14.5 L/kg, and 0.5 L/h/kg, respectively. Approximately 75% of an oral dose of radiolabeled azelastine hydrochloride was excreted in the feces with less than 10% as unchanged azelastine. Azelastine is oxidatively metabolized to the principal active metabolite, desmethylazelastine, by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. The specific P450 isoforms responsible for the biotransformation of azelastine have not been identified; however, clinical interaction studies with the known CYP3A4 inhibitor erythromycin failed to demonstrate a pharmacokinetic interaction. In a multiple-dose, steady-state drug interaction study in normal volunteers, cimetidine (400 mg twice daily), a nonspecific P450 inhibitor, raised orally administered mean azelastine (4 mg twice daily) concentrations by approximately 65%.

The major active metabolite, desmethylazelastine, was not measurable (below assay limits) after single-dose intranasal administration of azelastine hydrochloride. After intranasal dosing of azelastine hydrochloride to steady-state, plasma concentrations of desmethylazelastine range from 20-50% of azelastine concentrations. When azelastine hydrochloride is administered orally, desmethylazelastine has an elimination half-life of 54 hours. Limited data indicate that the metabolite profile is similar when azelastine hydrochloride is administered via the intranasal or oral route. 

In vitro studies with human plasma indicate that the plasma protein binding of azelastine and desmethylazelastine are approximately 88% and 97%, respectively. 

Azelastine hydrochloride administered intranasally at doses above two sprays per nostril twice daily for 29 days resulted in greater than proportional increases in Cmax and area under the curve (AUC) for azelastine. 

Studies in healthy subjects administered oral doses of azelastine hydrochloride demonstrated linear responses in Cmax and AUC.
Volunteers will receive two administrations of the high dose COVID-19 vaccine candidate by intramuscular (i.m.) injection on day 0 and 28.
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are rapidly emerging as a way to measure disease risk by aggregating multiple genetic variants. Understanding the interplay of the PRS with environmental factors is critical for interpreting and applying PRSs in a wide variety of settings. We develop an efficient method for simultaneously modeling gene-environment correlations and interactions using the PRS in case-control studies. We use a logistic-normal regression modeling framework to specify the disease risk and PRS distribution in the underlying population and propose joint inference across the 2 models using the retrospective likelihood of the case-control data. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate the flexibility of the method in trading-off bias and efficiency for the estimation of various model parameters compared with standard logistic regression or a case-only analysis for gene-environment interactions, or a control-only analysis, for gene-environment correlations. Finally, using simulated case-control data sets within the UK Biobank study, we demonstrate the power of our method for its ability to recover results from the full prospective cohort for the detection of an interaction between long-term oral contraceptive use and the PRS on the risk of breast cancer. This method is computationally efficient and implemented in a user-friendly R package.
Rituximab (Mabthera®) will be given as 1000mg at weeks 0 and 2, and then repeated at weeks 24 and 26. Patients will receive 100 mg methylprednisolon i.v. before each infusion, as well as 1000mg paracetamol, as well as 50mg diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Dibondrin©).
NEW MATERIAL:A physiologically active substance NK-A-17-e-233-IV expressed by formula. It has following physical and chemical properties. Appearance, colorless acicular crystal; molecular weight, 274 (mass spectrometric analysis); molecular formula, C15H14O5; melting point, 191.5-192.5 deg.C; solubility in solvent, soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, diethyl enter and pyridine, scarcely soluble to an extent in chloroform, insoluble in toluene, n-hexane and water; etc. USE:A drug. It has lipoxygenase inhibiting activity and antitumor activity and is expected to be useful as a medicine. PREPARATION:An NK-A-17-e-233-IV-producing fungus (FERM P-9796) belonging to Phoma genus and capable of producing a physiologically active substance NK-A-17-e-233-IV is cultured in a liquid medium containing nutrients assimilable by fungi under aerobic condition at 15-35 deg.C and neutral or slightly acidic pH for 2-4 days and the compound of formula produced and accumulated in the cultured product is separated from the product.
System placement randomized for C-section. One system placed first and the alternate placed immediately after. Both systems stay in place for 2 hours.
Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can lead to a short-term increase of herpes virus-related illnesses including genital herpes flares, higher likelihood of varicella zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) uveitis or other end-organ disease, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) associated encephalitis. Herpesvirus reactivation upon ART initiation may be related to immune restoration disease of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), but the etiology is unclear. We hypothesize that ART initiation can induce herpesvirus reactivation causing increased cellular, systemic, and localized immune activation and that alterations of interferon (IFN) pathways during initial HIV viral suppression are involved in this reactivation.

To investigate these mechanisms, we propose to document the incidence of clinical herpetic disease and viral shedding in vaginal and oral secretions from HIV-positive women initiating ART and to assess the associations between viral shedding or clinical disease and cellular, mucosal, and systemic immune activation. We will determine the role of IFN pathway in herpesvirus reactivation following initiation of ART. We will also evaluate the potential impact of herpesvirus reactivation on HIV cellular reservoirs by comparing residual HIV plasma viral replication and cell-associated virus prior to and 52 weeks after ART initiation.

We propose to enroll up to 200 HIV-infected women initiating ART at the NIH Clinical Center (n=30 to 40) and between the Villa Maria Hospital, Rakai Health Sciences Program (RHSP) site in Kalisizo, Uganda and Kalisizo Hospital ARV clinic (n=160 to 170). Women will be recruited regardless of CD4+ T-cell count, presence of opportunistic infections and co-infection status. Pregnant women will be excluded. During 8 study visits to occur over a 12-month period, participants will receive standard-of-care treatment for HIV and opportunistic infections. Blood, vaginal fluid and oral swabs collected at study visits will be tested for viral levels of HIV and various herpesviruses. Vaginal samples will also be used to study differences in vaginal microbiota between women with and without herpetic disease prior and after ART. Plasma samples will be tested for antibody levels (IgG) specific for different herpesviruses to examine changes in anti-herpetic humoral responses. ART adherence will be monitored in plasma using high-resolution mass spectrometry.
BACKGROUND: Genetic susceptibility to various chronic diseases has been shown to influence heart failure (HF) risk. However, the underlying biological pathways, particularly the role of leukocyte telomere length (LTL), are largely unknown. We investigated the impact of genetic susceptibility to chronic diseases and various traits on HF risk, and whether LTL mediates or modifies the pathways.
METHODS: We conducted prospective cohort analyses on 404 883 European participants from the UK Biobank, including 9989 incident HF cases. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate associations between HF risk and 24 polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for various diseases or traits previously generated using a Bayesian approach. We assessed multiplicative interactions between the PRSs and LTL previously measured in the UK Biobank using quantitative PCR. Causal mediation analyses were conducted to estimate the proportion of the total effect of PRSs acting indirectly through LTL, an integrative marker of biological aging.
RESULTS: We identified 9 PRSs associated with HF risk, including those for various cardiovascular diseases or traits, rheumatoid arthritis (P = 1.3E-04), and asthma (P = 1.8E-08). Additionally, longer LTL was strongly associated with decreased HF risk (P-trend = 1.7E-08). Notably, LTL strengthened the asthma-HF relationship significantly (P-interaction = 2.8E-03). However, LTL mediated only 1.13% (P < 0.001) of the total effect of the asthma PRS on HF risk.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings shed light onto the shared genetic susceptibility between HF risk, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and other traits. Longer LTL strengthened the genetic effect of asthma in the pathway to HF. These results support consideration of LTL and PRSs in HF risk prediction.
This arm will complete an online survey where they will be presented a vignette asking them to imagine they have symptoms consistent with COVID-19, a physician telling them they likely have COVID-19, and a positive COVID-19 test result. All arms will then be asked to fill out the same questions regarding behavior intentions and demographic questions. All participants will have completed five construct questions based off of Theory of Planned Behavior/Reason Action Approch during the pre-test survey.
Effective perioperative analgesia is the key to postoperative rehabilitation. It has been suggested that a decrease in postoperative pain and opioid use ameliorates the return of normal bowel function after general surgery. Conventional analgesic treatment involves the use of intravenous, oral and transdermal formulations of drugs. Repetitive administration is required for sustained pain relief. Common side effects (postoperative nausea and vomiting, postoperative ileus) of these analgesics may have a detrimental effect on postoperative recovery and led to a prolonged hospital stay. An intriguing body of evidence suggests that short-term administration of intravenous lidocaine may produce pain relief that by far exceeds both the duration of the infusion and the half-life of the drug thus reducing concomitant analgesic medication can be reduced and its side effects enabling a more rapid postoperative recovery with less complications. Lidocaine is a commonly used local anesthetic and an antiarrythmic agent. It has been shown to preserve neuroelectric function in animal experiments. Intraoperative administration of lidocaine in a standard antiarrythmic dose has been shown to decrease the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction in the early postoperative period after coronary artery bypass surgery. Lidocaine can induce a significant re-duction of several components of chronic pain in patients with poststroke or spinal cord injury related pain. Sodium channel blockers (e.g. lidocaine) are approved for intravenous administration in the treat-ment of neuropathic pain states. In addition lidocaine has anti-inflammatory properties and preclinical studies have suggested antihyperalgesic effects on the peripheral and central nervous system. Lidocaine decreases the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhaled anesthetics and has been used clinically to reduce the requirements for other anesthetic drugs. IV application of lidocaine is said to decrease the duration of bowel dysfunction and postoperative pain intensity.

We hypothesise that i.v. application of lidocaine in a standard antiarrythmic dose can significantly improve acute rehabilitation after laparoscopic urological surgery and so shorten the hospital stay. We expect that the intraoperative inflammatory response can significantly be reduced.
CNS Depressants \- Promethazine hydrochloride tablets may increase, prolong, or intensify the sedative action of other central-nervous-system depressants, such as alcohol, sedatives/hypnotics (including barbiturates), narcotics, narcotic analgesics, general anesthetics, tricyclic antidepressants, and tranquilizers; therefore, such agents should be avoided or administered in reduced dosage to patients receiving promethazine HCl. When given concomitantly with promethazine hydrochloride tablets, the dose of barbiturates should be reduced by at least one-half, and the dose of narcotics should be reduced by one-quarter to one-half. Dosage must be individualized. Excessive amounts of promethazine HCl relative to a narcotic may lead to restlessness and motor hyperactivity in the patient with pain; these symptoms usually disappear with adequate control of the pain. 

Epinephrine \- Because of the potential for promethazine to reverse epinephrine’s vasopressor effect, epinephrine should NOT be used to treat hypotension associated with promethazine hydrochloride tablets overdose. 

Anticholinergics \- Concomitant use of other agents with anticholinergic properties should be undertaken with caution. 

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI) \- Drug interactions, including an increased incidence of extrapyramidal effects, have been reported when some MAOI and phenothiazines are used concomitantly. This possibility should be considered with promethazine hydrochloride tablets.
T2DM was diagnosed according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association. The diagnosis of CTO was made if at least one lesion was angiographic 100% occlusion. Coronary collateral circulation development was graded according to the Cohen-Rentrop method, grade 2 (partial filling of the epicardial segment by collateral vessels); grade 3 (complete filling of the epicardial artery by collateral vessels) were defined as good coronary collateral circulation.
A method for collecting information at a vehicle, such as an emergency vehicle, involves receiving at the vehicle a request regarding a patient. The method further involves collecting information on the patient using a mobile computer at the vehicle (102). The method also involves transmitting the patient information as an electronic file from the mobile computer (102) to a hospital (110) over a network (106). As part of this method, billing information concerning the patient may be collected. Additionally, a method for processing billing information concerning a patient involves collecting billing information regarding the patient from a mobile computer (102) at a vehicle over a network (106). The method further involves classifying a service provided to the patient in at least one billing category based on the billing information. In addition, the method further involves generating a bill (674) for the patient based on the billing information.
Based on findings from an animal reproduction study and its mechanism of action, Eribulin Mesylate Injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Eribulin Mesylate Injection in pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, eribulin mesylate caused embryo-fetal toxicity when administered to pregnant rats during organogenesis at doses below the recommended human dose. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with Eribulin Mesylate Injection and for at least 2 weeks following the final dose. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with Eribulin Mesylate Injection and for 3.5 months following the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Patients are given password-protected access to an interactive web-based computer program that will lead them through a modified WRITE Symptoms? intervention module (comprising the same elements as in arm I) without guidance and individualized recommendations from a nurse. Patients work through 3 selected symptoms using the WRITE Symptoms? intervention module over approximately 4 weeks. The program will generate an encouragement for the patient to try new selected strategies, continue with effective strategies, and continue the new approach to symptom management with local health care providers in an ongoing process to improve symptom management.
The present invention relates to stable oral benzimidazole compositions and processes for their preparation. The stable oral benzimidazole pharmaceutical composition includes a core, a separating layer, and an enteric coating. The core includes a benzimidazole compound, a substantially water-soluble material and, optionally, one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, wherein the core is not alkaline. The separating layer surrounds the core and includes a substantially water-soluble material and, optionally, one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The enteric coating surrounds the separating layer. At least one of the core and the separating layer includes the substantially water-soluble material without any pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
The invention discloses a Chinese medicine preparation for treating acute diarrhea. The Chinese medicine preparation is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in weight ratio: 2-6 parts of red halloysite, 4-10 parts of fructus evodiae, 6-10 parts of costustoot, 1-3 parts of concha arcae, 9-15 parts of pueraria lobata, 6-15 parts of cyperus rotundus, 5-12 parts of magnolia obavata, 8-15 parts of coptis chinensis, 6-12 parts of gallnut, 14-26 parts of apple vinegar and 5-12 parts of sesame oil. Acute diarrhea can be rapidly treated by the Chinese medicine preparation, the effective rate is 97%, and the poor appetite condition of patients after taking the Chinese medicine preparation can be improved. The Chinese medicine preparation not only can treat acute diarrhea, but also can perform the functions of invigorating the spleen and the stomach. The Chinese medicine preparation using simple and easily-acquired Chinese medicine materials as the raw materials rapidly takes effect and does not have any toxic or side effect. The purpose of rapidly relieving the pain of the patients is achieved. The Chinese medicine preparation has great therapeutic effects on acute diarrhea which is caused by unclean food, food poisoning and poor digestion.
Fentanyl Citrate Injection is an opioid agonist. Fentanyl Citrate Injection, is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution of fentanyl citrate in water for injection, available as 50 mcg (0.05 mg) per mL which is administered only by the intravenous or intramuscular routes of injection. The chemical name is N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl) propionanilide citrate (1:1). The molecular weight is 528.60. Its molecular formula is C22H28N2O∙C6H8O7 , and it has the following chemical structure.

Fentanyl citrate, a white powder which is sparingly soluble in water. Each milliliter contains fentanyl (as the citrate) 50 mcg (0.05 mg). May contain sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment. pH 4.7 (4.0 to 7.5).

The solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer and is intended only for use as a single-dose injection. When smaller doses are required, the unused portion should be discarded in an appropriate manner.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance the deodorizing effect of persimmon juice extract and provide the effect of suppressing the smell and fermentation odor peculiar to persimmon by using the juice extract of persimmon and a water-soluble extract extracted from the leaves as effective components. SOLUTION: The juice extract of persimmon is obtained by removing sugar, for example, from a green or astringent persimmon by natural fermentation and performing a dehydrating condensation under reduced pressure. The water- soluble extract of leave is obtained by extracting dry persimmon leaves under a condition capable of extracting the water-soluble component. This deodorant composition can be prepared by mixing the fruit juice extract and the leaf extract before condensation or in the dehydrating condensing process and finally performing the dehydrating condensation although the dehydrated condensate or powder thereof may be mixed. Although the leaf extract hardly has the deodorizing effect by itself, the deodorizing effect is remarkably enhanced when it is added to the fruit juice extract in a small ratio.  Therefore, the persimmon extract can be added to the fruit juice extract as a solid component.
Mothers in the KMC group were oriented in detail about KMC procedure. The mothers provided skin to skin contact using a specially tailored "kangaroo tube" made of soft flannel cloth. The mothers were encouraged to keep the baby in KMC as long as possible during the day and night for an accumulated time of at least 6 hours per day. The duration of the kangaroo care by each of the mother were recorded and tallied accordingly.