anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Acute Overdosage - Human Overdose Experience 

Human experience of acute overdose with ritonavir is limited. One patient in clinical trials took ritonavir 1500 mg per day for two days. The patient reported paresthesias which resolved after the dose was decreased. A post-marketing case of renal failure with eosinophilia has been reported with ritonavir overdose. 

The approximate lethal dose was found to be greater than 20 times the related human dose in rats and 10 times the related human dose in mice. 

Management of Overdosage 

Ritonavir oral solution contains alcohol and propylene glycol. Ingestion of the product over the recommended dose by a young child could result in significant toxicity and could potentially be lethal.

Treatment of overdose with ritonavir consists of general supportive measures including monitoring of vital signs and observation of the clinical status of the patient. There is no specific antidote for overdose with ritonavir. If indicated, elimination of unabsorbed drug should be achieved by gastric lavage; usual precautions should be observed to maintain the airway. Administration of activated charcoal may also be used to aid in removal of unabsorbed drug. Since ritonavir is extensively metabolized by the liver and is highly protein bound, dialysis is unlikely to be beneficial in significant removal of the drug. However, dialysis can remove both ethanol and propylene glycol in the case of overdose with ritonavir oral solution. A Certified Poison Control Center should be consulted for up-to-date information on the management of overdose with ritonavir.
This current study compares the clinical and radiological outcomes of femoral neck fractures in young adults treated with either cannulated screws (CS) or proximal femoral locking plates (PFLP). We conducted a retrospective study in patients aged 18 to 60 years with femoral neck fractures and investigated medical records between January 2005 and December 2016. Patients were divided into two groups based on implants, screw and plate, used for fixation assigned. In addition, two groups were compared for their complications and functional outcomes, which were assessed with Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Parker Palmer mobility scores. Sixty-nine of 104 patients met the inclusion criteria. Forty patients were treated with cannulated screws, while 29 were treated with a proximal femoral locking plate. The two groups were comparable in terms of their perioperative variables. The overall complication rate (screw group, n = 10; plate group, n = 14) and non-union rate were significantly high in the plate group (p < 0.05). Other complications did not show statistically significant differences. The screw group had better functional outcomes than the plate group, where only the Parker-Palmer mobility score comparison was significant (p < 0.05). Poor reduction quality and Pauwels' type III fractures were statistically associated with high complication rates regardless of the implants used (p < 0.05). Although PFLP showed better outcomes in biomechanical studies than CSs, we observed poorer clinical results. Therefore, although some of our results appeared to be statistically significant, reduction quality should also be considered.
Introduction: grade 3 and 4 obesity is a chronic and progressive disease. Liraglutide 3 mg could be an effective adjuvant therapy in these subjects. Objectives: to evaluate changes in weight loss, body composition, metabolic parameters and vitamin D levels in subjects with grade 3 and 4 obesity treated for 8 months with liraglutide 3 mg. Methods: a total of 67 subjects with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 had anthropometric parameters, body composition, metabolic parameters and vitamin D levels determined at baseline and after 8 months of treatment with liraglutide 3 mg. Results: a significant reduction in weight, BMI and abdominal circumference was evident after 8 months of treatment with liraglutide (p < 0.001), with a mean percentage of weight loss of 13.04 % and a mean weight loss of 14.99 kg at the end of the intervention. The final body composition data showed a significant improvement in the percentage of fat and fat mass (kg) (p < 0.001). The average loss of muscle mass was 2.02 kg (p = 0.213). The healthy visceral fat index (VGI) (< 13) increased to 67.17 % (p < 0.001) at 8 months. There was a significant reduction in blood pressure (p < 0.001) and an improvement in the biochemical variables studied. There was a significant increase in 25-OH vitamin D (p < 0.001) at the end of the intervention. Conclusions: Treatment with liraglutide was safe and effective in patients with obesity with a positive impact on weight loss, vitamin D levels and other cardiovascular risk factors.
STRATAGRAFT is for topical application to a prepared wound bed (excision/debridement).

A STRATAGRAFT construct is an approximately 100 cm2 (approximately 8 cm by 12.5 cm) off-white rectangle. A STRATAGRAFT construct may be trimmed to fit the shape and size of the wound area. The surface area of STRATAGRAFT to be applied should be equal to the surface area of the wound to be treated.

Multiple constructs may be applied to cover large wound areas. If multiple constructs are required to cover the wound area, abut the STRATAGRAFT constructs, and it is not necessary to overlap the edges.

Each construct is for application to a single patient only.
Patients will receive neoadjuvant mFOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab once every two weeks for 4 cycles and the same mFOLFOXIRI for 2 cycles. After completing all 6 cycles chemotherapy, the patient will have an MRI scan to examine the tumor. If MRI restaging is ycT4a/b, or MRF involved, the patient will receive concomitant chemoradiotherapy (preoperative radiotherapy consisted of 50 Gy in 25 fractions, and concurrent with capecitabine at a fixed dose of 825 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1 to 5 for 5 weeks). If MRI restaging is ycT0-3 and MRF negative, then the patient will proceed directly to surgery.
Repeat cycles every 4 weeks. The dose may be increased to 100 mg/m 2 if no beneficial effect is seen after 2 treatment cycles and if no toxicity other than nausea and vomiting has occurred. It is recommended that patients be treated for a minimum of 4 to 6 cycles. However, complete or partial response may require additional treatment cycles. Treatment may be continued as long as the patient continues to benefit. 

Monitor patients for hematologic response and renal toxicities [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4)] , and delay or reduce dosage if necessary [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.6)].
Misuse, Abuse, and Diversion of Opioids

Hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets contain hydrocodone, an opioid agonist, and is a Schedule III controlled substance. Hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen, and other opioids, used in analgesia can be abused and are subject to criminal diversion.

Addiction is a primary, chronic, neurobiologic disease, with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. It is characterized by behaviors that include one or more of the following: impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued use despite harm, and craving. Drug addiction is a treatable disease utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, but relapse is common.

“Drug seeking” behavior is very common in addicts and drug abusers. Drug-seeking tactics include emergency calls or visits near the end of office hours, refusal to undergo appropriate examination, testing or referral, repeated “loss” of prescriptions, tampering with prescriptions and reluctance to provide prior medical records or contact information for other treating physician(s). “Doctor shopping” to obtain additional prescriptions is common among drug abusers and people suffering from untreated addiction.

Abuse and addiction are separate and distinct from physical dependence and tolerance. Physical dependence usually assumes clinically significant dimensions only after several weeks of continued opioid use, although a mild degree of physical dependence may develop after a few days of opioid therapy. Tolerance, in which increasingly large doses are required in order to produce the same degree of analgesia, is manifested initially by a shortened duration of analgesic effect, and subsequently by decreases in the intensity of analgesia. The rate of development of tolerance varies among patients. Physicians should be aware that abuse of opioids can occur in the absence of true addiction and is characterized by misuse for non-medical purposes, often in combination with other psychoactive substances. Hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen, like other opioids, may be diverted for non-medical use. Record-keeping of prescribing information, including quantity, frequency, and renewal requests is strongly advised.

Proper assessment of the patient, proper prescribing practices, periodic re-evaluation of therapy, and proper dispensing and storage are appropriate measures that help to limit abuse of opioid drugs.
Chemotherapy resistance is a major obstacle in cancer therapy, and identifying novel druggable targets to reverse this phenomenon is essential. The exosome-mediated transmittance of drug resistance has been shown in various cancer models including ovarian and prostate cancer models. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of exosomal miRNA transfer in chronic myeloid leukemia drug resistance. For this purpose, firstly exosomes were isolated from imatinib sensitive (K562S) and resistant (K562R) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells and named as Sexo and Rexo, respectively. Then, miRNA microarray was used to compare miRNA profiles of K562S, K562R, Sexo, Rexo, and Rexo-treated K562S cells. According to our results, miR-125b-5p and miR-99a-5p exhibited increased expression in resistant cells, their exosomes, and Rexo-treated sensitive cells compared to their sensitive counterparts. On the other hand, miR-210-3p and miR-193b-3p were determined to be the two miRNAs which exhibited decreased expression profile in resistant cells and their exosomes compared to their sensitive counterparts. Gene targets, signaling pathways, and enrichment analysis were performed for these miRNAs by TargetScan, KEGG, and DAVID. Potential interactions between gene candidates at the protein level were analyzed via STRING and Cytoscape software. Our findings revealed CCR5, GRK2, EDN1, ARRB1, P2RY2, LAMC2, PAK3, PAK4, and GIT2 as novel gene targets that may play roles in exosomal imatinib resistance transfer as well as mTOR, STAT3, MCL1, LAMC1, and KRAS which are already linked to imatinib resistance. MDR1 mRNA exhibited higher expression in Rexo compared to Sexo as well as in K562S cells treated with Rexo compared to K562S cells which may suggest exosomal transfer of MDR1 mRNA.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important medical problem, as it significantly affects patients' quality of life and prognosis. AF often complicates the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a widespread disease with heavy economic and social burdens. A growing body of evidence suggests multiple links between COPD and AF. This review considers the common pathogenetic mechanisms (chronic hypoxia, persistent inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial remodeling) of these diseases and describes the main risk factors for the development of AF in patients with COPD. The most effective models based on clinical, laboratory, and functional indices are also described, which enable the identification of patients suffering from COPD with a high risk of AF development. Thus, AF in COPD patients is a frequent problem, and the search for new tools to identify patients at a high risk of AF among COPD patients remains an urgent medical problem.
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, irreversible lung disease characterized by fibrotic scarring in the lung parenchyma. This condition involves the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) due to the aberrant activation of myofibroblasts in the alveolar environment. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling is a crucial driver of fibrogenesis because it promotes excessive ECM deposition, thereby leading to scar formation and lung damage. A primary target of TGF-β signaling in fibrosis is Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 (CTHRC1), a secreted glycoprotein that plays a pivotal role in ECM deposition and wound repair. TGF-β transcriptionally regulates CTHRC1 in response to tissue injury and controls the wound healing response through functional activity. CTHRC1 may also play an essential role in re-establishing and maintaining tissue homeostasis after wound closure by modulating both the TGF-β and canonical Wnt signaling pathways. This dual function suggests that CTHRC1 regulates tissue remodeling and homeostasis. However, deregulated CTHRC1 expression in pathogenic fibroblasts has recently emerged as a hallmark of fibrosis in multiple organs and tissues. This review highlights recent studies suggesting that CTHRC1 can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, and post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis. Notably, CTHRC1 expression is responsive to antifibrotic drugs that target the TGF-β pathway, such as pirfenidone and bexotegrast, indicating its potential as a biomarker of treatment success. These findings suggest that CTHRC1 may present new opportunities for diagnosing and treating patients with lung fibrosis.
Embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to methods of reducing hematopoiesis in a subject by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of Srebp2. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to compositions for reducing hematopoiesis in a subject. In some embodiments, the compositions include a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of Srebp2. Further embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to methods of enhancing hematopoiesis in a subject by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an active ingredient. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to compositions for enhancing hematopoiesis in a subject. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure include active ingredients that enhance hematopoiesis in the subject.
A method of conveniently and efficiently producing reduced coenzyme Q10having excellent qualities which is useful in foods, foods with nutrient function claims, foods for specific health uses, nutritional supplements, tonics, animal drugs, drinks, feeds, cosmetics, drugs, remedies, preventives and so on. This method is suitable for industrial production thereof. An oily oxidized coenzyme Q10 product is reacted with a reducing agent in water and the aqueous phase is separated from the thus obtained reaction mixture. Alternatively, an organic phase containing reduced coenzyme Q10 is concentrated by distilling off the coexisting organic solvent at the melting point of the educed coenzyme Q10 or higher. Thus, an oily coenzyme Q 10 product with excellent qualities having a low viscosity and favorable handling properties can be produced. Further, a desired solvent is added to the oily product thus obtained to give a solution or a slurry of the reduced coenzyme Q10. Alternatively, it is brought into contact with seed crystals to thereby give a solid reduced coenzyme Q 10 product.
Tizanidine is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function. Clinical studies of tizanidine did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently than younger subjects. Cross-study comparison of pharmacokinetic data following single dose administration of 6 mg tizanidine showed that younger subjects cleared the drug four times faster than the elderly subjects. In elderly patients with renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance <25 mL/min), tizanidine clearance is reduced by more than 50% compared to healthy elderly subjects; this would be expected to lead to a longer duration of clinical effect. During titration, the individual doses should be reduced. If higher doses are required, individual doses rather than dosing frequency should be increased. Monitor elderly patients because they may have an increased risk for adverse reactions associated with tizanidine.
Participants not assigned to any of the 2 components. They are placed on a wait list and will receive components after the primary data collection period.
Elderly (60-80 years old). Major Depressive - eligible subjects will meet a baseline depression severity score of 10 or greater on the QIDS-C \& QIDS-IVR, will have recently started treatment or about to start receiving treatment for MDD. Exclusion: subjects with suicidal ideation; subjects who have a history or current diagnosis of the following DSM-IV psychiatric illness: organic mental disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, psychotic disorders not otherwise specified, bipolar disorder, patients with mood congruent or mood incongruent psychotic features, patients with substance dependence disorders, other than alcohol, active within the last 12 months; subjects with a history or current diagnosis of dementia or diagnosis or history of hypothyroidism.
Inpatient: Inpatients will be presented with an informed consent. If they sign the consent, they will then be given a VR headset pre- programmed with content that they may use for the duration of their stay. GI patients headsets will be collected when they are discharged. There are pain and anxiety analog scales at the end of each program. This data will be downloaded to Stanford. Patient's will not be entering their PHI. we will know who has headsets, as they will be numbered. Patient who are hospitalized for chronic pain will be allowed to take the VR headset home for month and be asked to return it at their followup outpatient visit.

Outpatient: Patient's who are about to undergo gastrointestinal disease testing or be seen for an outpatient GI appointment will be presented with an informed consent. If they sign the consent, they will be given the VR headset to use prior to their procedure. There are pain and anxiety analog scales at the end of each program. This data will be downloaded to Stanford Medicine Box.Patient's will not be entering their PHI. we will know who has headsets, as they will be numbered.
INCA00186 will be administered in combination with INCB106385. INCA00186 will be administered every 2 or 4 weeks and INCB106385 will be administered once or twice daily.
Patients with LR RMS receive vincristine IV on day 1 of each cycle and days 8 and 15 of cycles 1-3. Patients also receive dactinomycin IV over 1-5 minutes or 10-15 minutes and cyclophosphamide IV over 60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then receive vincristine IV on day 1 of each cycle and days 8 and 15 of cycles 5-7 and dactinomycin IV over 1-5 minutes or over 10-15 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients with MYOD1 or TP53 mutated tumors transition to Regimen M at cycle 2 (if mutation status is determined to be positive at week 3) or cycle 3 (if mutation status is determined to be positive after week 3). Radiation therapy (if needed) will be administered at cycle 5.Patients undergo CT scan, MRI, bone scan, PET scan and tumor biopsy throughout the study.
PURPOSE: To obtain a skin cosmetic containing the extract of a Zingiberaceae Lindl. plant, high in safety and photostability, and excellent in an UV absorbing effect. CONSTITUTION: The UV absorbing skin cosmetic contains 0.005-30wt.% (as dry weight) of the extracts of one or more plants selected from Kaempferia galanga L., Kaempferia pulchra Ridl., Kaempferia roscoeana wall., and Kaempferia rotunda L., belonging to the Kaempferia L. plant. The skin cosmetic may further be blended with various kinds of components generally used for other cosmetics, quasidrugs, medicines, etc., and prepared in the preparation form of a liquid, a milky lotion, a cream or a stick. The extract is obtained by extracting the rhizomes or tubers of the Zingiberaceae Lindl., with an organic solvent (e.g. hexane) and further subjecting the left rhizomes or tubers to steam distillation. The skin cosmetic absorbs the UV light in the UV-A region and/or the UV-B region.
An effervescent compound is disclosed which includes a liquid ingredient, an effervescent system and optionally a solvent. The solvent may be both hydrophilic and have low solubility with effervescent ingredients. The solvent may include an alcohol, a glycol or a glycol ether, for example, but not limited to, 2-butoxyethanol. The effervescent system used in the effervescent compound may be, for example, but is not limited to, expanded sodium perborate and/or a mixture of any or one or more of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate and potassium carbonate. The effervescent compound may further include any one, or all, or any combination of the following ingredients: surfactants, bleaching compositions, anti-redeposition agents, binders, lubricants, colors, fragrances, and/or optical brighteners. Also disclosed is a method for making an effervescent compound, including the steps of providing a solvent, providing an effervescent system in powder form, and mixing the solvent with the effervescent system, thereby producing a free-flowing effervescent compound. The method disclosed may also include the steps of compressing the effervescent compound, and then forming either granules or a tablet.