anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Ifosfamide exhibits dose-dependent pharmacokinetics in humans. At single doses of 3.8 to 5 g/m 2, the plasma concentrations decay biphasically and the mean terminal elimination half-life is about 15 hours. At doses of 1.6 to 2.4 g/m 2/day, the plasma decay is monoexponential and the terminal elimination half-life is about 7 hours. Ifosfamide is extensively metabolized in humans and the metabolic pathways appear to be saturated at high doses. 

After administration of doses of 5 g/m 2 of 14C-labeled ifosfamide, from 70% to 86% of the dosed radioactivity was recovered in the urine, with about 61% of the dose excreted as parent compound. At doses of 1.6 to 2.4 g/m 2 only 12% to 18% of the dose was excreted in the urine as unchanged drug within 72 hours. 

Two different dechloroethylated derivatives of ifosfamide, 4-carboxyifosfamide, thiodiacetic acid and cysteine conjugates of chloroacetic acid have been identified as the major urinary metabolites of ifosfamide in humans and only small amounts of 4-hydroxyifosfamide and acrolein are present. Small quantities (nmole/mL) of ifosfamide mustard and 4-hydroxyifosfamide are detectable in human plasma. Metabolism of ifosfamide is required for the generation of the biologically active species and while metabolism is extensive, it is also quite variable among patients.

In a study at Indiana University, 50 fully evaluable patients with germ cell testicular cancer were treated with Ifosfamide for Injection in combination with cisplatin and either vinblastine or etoposide after failing (47 of 50 patients) at least two prior chemotherapy regimens consisting of cisplatin/vinblastine/bleomycin, (PVB), cisplatin/vinblastine/actinomycin D/bleomycin/ cyclophosphamide, (VAB6), or the combination of cisplatin and etoposide. Patients were selected for remaining cisplatin sensitivity because they had previously responded to a cisplatin containing regimen and had not progressed while on the cisplatin containing regimen or within 3 weeks of stopping it. Patients served as their own control based on the premise that long-term complete responses could not be achieved by retreatment with a regimen to which they had previously responded and subsequently relapsed.

Ten of 50 fully evaluable patients were still alive 2 to 5 years after treatment. Four of the 10 long-term survivors were rendered free of cancer by surgical resection after treatment with the ifosfamide regimen; median survival for the entire group of 50 fully evaluable patients was 53 weeks.
Apnea of prematurity is a diagnosis of exclusion. Other causes of apnea (e.g., central nervous system disorders, primary lung disease, anemia, sepsis, metabolic disturbances, cardiovascular abnormalities, or obstructive apnea) should be ruled out or properly treated prior to initiation of caffeine citrate.

Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant and in cases of caffeine overdose, seizures have been reported. Caffeine citrate should be used with caution in infants with seizure disorders.

The duration of treatment of apnea of prematurity in the placebo-controlled trial was limited to 10 to 12 days. The efficacy of caffeine citrate for longer periods of treatment has not been established. Safety and efficacy of caffeine citrate for use in the prophylactic treatment of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or prior to extubation in mechanically ventilated infants have also not been established.
Disclosed are a system, a method, and an apparatus for managing clinical trial data by using fingerprints. According to an embodiment, a system for managing clinical trial data by using fingerprints comprises: a management server including a fingerprint sensor and storing electronic case report forms (eCRFs) containing blood analysis data; and an analyzer including a fingerprint sensor and a finger contact portion which includes a pinhole capable of loading a needle for collecting blood, and capable of generating blood analysis data based on the blood of a subject. The management server compares first fingerprint data detected by the fingerprint sensor of the management server with second fingerprint data of a registered clinical trial personnel; and transmits blood collection permission data to user terminals of registered subjects when the first fingerprint data and the second fingerprint data correspond to each other. The analyzer acquires the blood collection permission data from a linked user terminal; compares third fingerprint data detected by the fingerprint sensor of the finger contact portion with fourth fingerprint data of the registered subjects; allows a loaded needle to protrude from the pinhole of the finger contact portion and thus, collects and analyzes the blood of the subjects; and transmits blood analysis data to the linked user terminal. The management server can obtain the blood analysis data from the user terminals and store the same in pre-specified CRFs, respectively. The present invention can provide a step of generating the blood analysis data on the basis of the blood collection permission data transmitted by a person in charge of a clinical trial through the management server.
Acute heart failure (AHF) episodes are marked by high rates of morbidity and mortality during the episode and minimal advancements in its care. Multiple biomarker monitoring is now a crucial supplementary technique in the therapy of AHF. A scientific literature search was conducted by assessing and evaluating the most pertinent research that has been published, including original papers and review papers with the use of PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane databases. Established biomarkers like natriuretic peptides (BNP, NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponins play crucial roles in diagnostic and prognostic evaluation. Emerging biomarkers such as microRNAs, osteopontin, galectin-3, ST2, and GDF-15 show promise in enhancing risk stratification and predicting adverse outcomes in HF. However, while these biomarkers offer valuable insights, their clinical utility requires further validation and integration into practice. Continued research into novel biomarkers holds promise for early HF detection and risk assessment, potentially mitigating the global burden of HF. Understanding the nuances of biomarker utilization is crucial for their effective incorporation into clinical practice, ultimately improving HF management and patient care.
All patients have biopsy proven soft tissue sarcoma and undergo preoperative radiotherapy. Dynamic contrast-enhancing MRI T1-weight DCE-MRI will cover the whole tumor and involved lymph nodes if indicated. DCE-MRI is obtained before radiation starts and 4 weeks after RT completes. Blood volume images are estimated by using general Toft model, by which the blood flow was corrected for vascular permeability and perfusion. These images are geometrically co-registered with post-Gd T1-weighted MR images and pre-op RT routine MRI images are fused with the treatment planning CT.

Routine and DCE-MRI will be evaluated in each patient to determine the gross tumor volume. The quantitative parameters are determined on DCE-MRI for quantitative parameters in blood flow and permeability in the region of interest. Dynamic images are converted into color maps reflecting Ktrans, kep, Ve, and mean value of each parameter.
Hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ 150 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 100 mmHg) and hypertensive crisis were observed in patients treated with VOTRIENT. 

Approximately 40% of patients who received VOTRIENT experienced hypertension, with Grade 3 occurring in 4% to 7% of patients [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. About 40% of cases occurred by Day 9 and about 90% of cases occurred in the first 18 weeks across clinical trials. Approximately 1% of patients required permanent discontinuation of VOTRIENT because of hypertension. 

Do not initiate VOTRIENT in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Optimize blood pressure prior to initiating VOTRIENT. Monitor blood pressure as clinically indicated and initiate and adjust antihypertensive therapy as appropriate. Withhold and then dose reduce VOTRIENT or permanently discontinue based on severity of hypertension [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
PCT No. PCT/JP94/00713 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 25, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 25, 1995 PCT Filed Apr. 27, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO94/25059 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 10, 1994The present invention aims at providing an alimentative infusion liquid which has improved stability and preservability and can be administered through a peripheral vein. The infusion liquid contains sugars, amino acids, electrolytes and a fat emulsion at a specific mixing ratio and has a specific pH value and a titratable acidity. The alimentative infusion liquid of the present invention containing the above-described components has good preservability without suffering from precipitation, denaturation and the like problems. Further, since the pH value is adjusted to a specific level and the titratable acidity is retained low, administration of the infusion liquid through a peripheral vein does not cause troubles such as angialiga.
The Survey-based Patient/Clinician Jumpstart Guide will be developed with two types of data: 1) EHR data; and 2) Survey data. Using automated methods and NLP/ML algorithms, the presence/absence of POLST, advance directives and DPOA documentation will be identified from both inpatient and outpatient notes (e.g., progress notes, specialty consult notes, alerts and care plans) preceding the current hospitalization. The survey data will be completed by patients or their surrogate/family at enrollment and will provide assessments of the following: a) preferences for discussions about goals of care; b) most important barrier and facilitator for having such discussions; and c) current goals of care. These elements are contained within the Jumpstart guides and the information is tailored to each recipient (i.e., patient, surrogate/family, or clinician).
It is usually possible to reduce the dosage and frequency of administration once dry weight has been achieved.

Ethacrynic acid tablets may be given intermittently after an effective diuresis is obtained with the regimen outlined above. Dosage may be on an alternate daily schedule or more prolonged periods of diuretic therapy may be interspersed with rest periods. Such an intermittent dosage schedule allows time for correction of any electrolyte imbalance and may provide a more efficient diuretic response.

The chloruretic effect of this agent may give rise to retention of bicarbonate and a metabolic alkalosis. This may be corrected by giving chloride (ammonium chloride or arginine chloride). Ammonium chloride should not be given to cirrhotic patients.

Ethacrynic acid tablets have additive effects when used with other diuretics. For example, a patient who is on maintenance dosage of an oral diuretic may require additional intermittent diuretic therapy, such as an organomercurial, for the maintenance of basal weight. The intermittent use of ethacrynic acid tablets orally may eliminate the need for injections of organomercurials. Small doses of ethacrynic acid tablets may be added to existing diuretic regimens to maintain basal weight. This drug may potentiate the action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, with augmentation of natriuresis and kaliuresis. Therefore, when adding ethacrynic acid tablets the initial dose and changes of dose should be in 25 mg increments, to avoid electrolyte depletion. Rarely, patients who failed to respond to ethacrynic acid have responded to older established agents.

While many patients do not require supplemental potassium, the use of potassium chloride or potassium-sparing agents, or both, during treatment with ethacrynic acid tablets is advisable, especially in cirrhotic or nephrotic patients and in patients receiving digitalis.

Salt liberalization usually prevents the development of hyponatremia and hypochloremia. During treatment with ethacrynic acid tablets, salt may be liberalized to a greater extent than with other diuretics. Cirrhotic patients, however, usually require at least moderate salt restriction concomitant with diuretic therapy.
Rationale: In infancy, bronchiolitis is the most common acute infection of the lower respiratory tract and is most often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The current treatment of bronchiolitis is controversial. Although meta-analysis of nebulized bronchodilators or corticosteroids treatments failed to show any consistent benefits on admission rate, they remain widely used in pediatric emergency wards. A recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial with a factorial design was conducted to determine whether treatment with nebulized epinephrine, a short course of high dose of oral Betamethasone, or both, resulted in a clinically important decrease in hospital admissions among infants with bronchiolitis who were seen in the emergency department. This study showed that infants in the epinephrine-betamethasone group were significantly less likely than those in the placebo group to be admitted by day 7 (relative risk, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.45 to 0.95, P = 0.02). However, after adjustment for multiple comparisons, this result became insignificant (P = 0.07). This synergistic interaction was not anticipated but gave hope that the association nebulized epinephrine - short course of oral high dose of betamethasone might reduce the risk of hospitalization for infants who consulted pediatric emergencies for a moderate to severe acute bronchiolitis. It is therefore required to conduct a trial dedicated to this evaluation in the French population.

Hypothesis: using Epinephrine-Betamethasone allows to reduce the rate of hospitalization of mild-to-severe acute viral bronchiolitis seen in pediatric emergency departments.
Participants will be instructed to use a dentifrice containing 0.454 percent (%) weight by weight (w/w) Stannous fluoride, COREGA denture foaming cleanser and mouth rinse containing 90 parts per million (ppm) sodium fluoride. Participants will brush with a strip of the dentifrice (full brush head) applied to the full length of the toothbrush head for 2 minutes followed by 2 pumps of denture cleanser foam brushed onto removable partial denture (RPD) for 90 seconds and 10 milliliter (ml) of mouth rinse for swished around the mouth for 1 minute. Participants will apply all these products twice daily (morning and evening) for 12 weeks.
Dysferlin protein deficiency can cause neuromuscular dysfunction, resulting in autosomal recessive dysferlinopathy, which is caused by DYSF gene mutation. Dysferlin proteins belongs to the Ferlin1-like protein family and are associated with muscle membrane repair and regeneration. In China, pathogenic mutations of the protein often result in two clinical phenotypes of Miyoshi muscular or limb band muscular dystrophy type 2B. It is clinically characterized by progressive muscle weakness and elevated serum creatine kinase. The data of the child were collected, blood samples of the child and his family members were collected, and whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed. The recombinant expression vector was constructed, the function of the mutation was verified by minigene, and the pathogenicity of the mutation was further analyzed by combining with biological information analysis. The patient initially presented with asymptomatic elevation of serum creatine kinase(CK). Then progressive lower limb weakness, mainly distal limb weakness. Large amounts of scattered necrosis, myogenic lesions, and complete deletion of dysferlin protein were observed under muscle biopsy, which further improved genetic detection. Whole exome sequencing showed compound mutations (c.1397 + 1_1397 + 3del and c.1375dup p.M459Nfs*15) in DYSF gene. c.1375dup p.M459Nfs*15 have been reported. The other mutation is the deletion of c.1397 + 1_1397 + 3 in Intron15, which is an intron mutation that may affect splicing and the pathogenesis is still unknown. Minigene splicing assay verified that c.1397 + 1_1397 + 3del resulted in exon15 skipping and produced a premature termination codon. We report a novel pathogenic mutation in DYSF gene with Miyoshi myopathy and demonstrate this variant causes skipping of exon15 by minigene splicing assay. We point out the need of conducting functional analysis to verify the pathogenicity of intronic mutation. The finding enriches the mutation spectrum of DYSF gene and laid a foundation for future studies on the correlation between genotype and phenotype.
Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) and erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) (also known as ashy dermatosis (AD)) are two conditions on the spectrum of dermal pigmentary disorders. LPP typically affects skin phototypes III-V and has involvement of sun exposed areas or intertriginous areas. It presents as irregularly shaped or oval grey-brown macules and patches that are typically asymptomatic, but can have mild pruritus and burning. EDP, on the other hand, presents as grey-brown macules and patches in sun-protected sites and may have an early inflammatory phase with an erythematous border. It is typically asymptomatic, but can also be mildly pruritic. There is significant histologic overlap between the two conditions including basal cell degeneration, a mild perivascular or band-like infiltrate in the upper dermis, and dermal melanophages.

Multiple treatments for these conditions, including topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, topical retinoids, chemical peels, minocycline, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine, isotretinoin, griseofulvin, and systemic steroids have been reported in the literature. However, none of these have been effective consistently.

Tranexamic acid (TA) is a synthetic analog of lysine, and serves as a fibrinolytic agent by binding lysine sites on fibrinogen. Commonly used in surgery to prevent bleeding, it has recently been used in dermatology for the treatment of melasma. Melasma is a pigmentary disorder characterized by hyperpigmented patches in sun-exposed areas, often in response to hormones, sunlight, and other factors. The proposed mechanism of action of tranexamic acid in decreasing pigmentation in this condition is that it decreases inflammation by decreasing dermal angiogenesis and inhibits UV induced plasmin activity in keratinocytes. Plasmin activity can increase melanogenic factors, leading to increased pigmentation. In a study by Lee et al., when administered orally at a dose of 250mg twice daily over approximately 4 months, 89.7 % of patients had documented improvement in pigmentation. Of those who improved, the median lightening was approximately 50%, which is significant. Other studies have also shown promising results.
The day before surgery, patients sign the consent and will be randomized. Then 3 tests (Stroop test, Digit Symbol Substitution Task and visual verbal learning test) will be performed. No anxiolysis will be given to the patient. The anesthetic induction will be with IV propofol (2-3 mg / kg). The maintenance will anesthetic, desflurane by for a minimum alveolar concentration of between 2% and 6% or propofol for intravenous anesthesia user target controlled. In SSPI, the Aldrete score will be evaluated every 5min. Upon obtaining a Aldrete score\> 8/10, the day before the tests will be carried out again
Mucous membrane graft (MMG) is used for moderate-to-severe cicatricial entropion repair either in primary or recurrent cases. We conducted a review to comprehensively summarize the various surgical techniques, outcomes, and complications of using MMG for cicatricial entropion. Though the comparison between different techniques is limited by multiple factors like small numbers of cicatricial entgropion patients, variable severity and success criteria across studies, and different underlying cicatricial entropion etiologies, the author has brought forth the nuances of the use of MMG for cicatricial entropion repair along with its outcomes and complications. MMG use in moderate-to-severe cicatricial entropion gives favourable outcomes. The shortened tarsoconjunctiva is lengthened using MMG, which is used either with terminal tarsal rotation or anterior lamellar recession (ALR) or tarsotomy alone. Non-trachomatous entropion has poor outcomes compared to trachomatous entropion. The most common source of MMG is labial or buccal mucosa and the exact size of MMG harvested is variable according to the defect, and very few prefer oversizing the graft by 10-30%. The outcomes of ALR+MMG appear similar to tarsal rotation and MMG for severe cicatricial entropion. The recurrences of trichiasis or entropion can occur for up to one year after surgery, irrespective of the technique used. Factors affecting the outcomes of cicatricial entropion repair are not well known. There is a non-uniformity in data reporting across literature; hence, future studies with details on severity of entropion, ocular surface changes, forniceal depth and ocular surface inflammation, and the degree of dry eye disease would be informative.
On the first 4 to 6 h, the use of NPH insulin present a pronounced action peak on the postprandial glucose metabolism, and the rest of its basal action last 12 to 18 h, its cover the postprandial requirements of the first two meals of the day (breakfast and lunch) administering 2/3 of the total dose, and the requirements for the dinner with 1/3 of the total dose at the night. This is considered a good scheme for handling hyperglycemia, and its possible to have less hypoglycemia episodes, which are possible if an ultra-rapid-acting insulin is added and adequate intake is not performed due to multiple factors related to hospitalization.

Today it is uncertain whether there is any clear benefit of using Glargine plus Lantus insulin over NPH insulin in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes. Currently, both Glargine and NPH based regimen is practiced in inpatient hospital facilities. Current practice of inpatient insulin regimen is based on the physicians familiarity with a particular insulin type and personal preference rather than evidenced based knowledge. Glargine plus ultrafast insulin are two types of insulin that are more expensive compared to NPH with incidental benefits in hospitalized patients. There are reports in the literature about the incidence of hypoglycemia with this scheme. The current research proposal is to compare these two schemes in the treatment of hospitalized patients with diabetes in a hospital of the second level of care in Mexico.
To investigate potential biomarkers and biological processes associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) using transcriptomic and proteomic data. The OmicsPred PheWAS application was interrogated to identify genes and proteins associated with DR and diabetes mellitus (DM) at a false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p-value of <0.05 and also <0.005. Gene Ontology PANTHER analysis and STRING database analysis were conducted to explore the biological processes and protein interactions related to the identified biomarkers. The interrogation identified 49 genes and 22 proteins associated with DR and/or DM; these were divided into those uniquely associated with diabetic retinopathy, uniquely associated with diabetes mellitus, and the ones seen in both conditions. The Gene Ontology PANTHER and STRING database analyses highlighted associations of several genes and proteins associated with diabetic retinopathy with adaptive immune response, valyl-TRNA aminoacylation, complement activation, and immune system processes. Our analyses highlight potential transcriptomic and proteomic biomarkers for DR and emphasize the association of known aspects of immune response, the complement system, advanced glycosylation end-product formation, and specific receptor and mitochondrial function with DR pathophysiology. These findings may suggest pathways for future research into novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for DR.
The control group was operated by traditional white light microscope tumor resection, and all tumor tissues were removed as far as possible within the safety range. Cranial enhancement MRI was performed within 72h after surgery (60h-72h).