anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The language employed by researchers to define and discuss diseases can itself be a determinant of health. Despite this, the framing of diseases in medical research literature is largely unexplored. This scoping review examines a prevalent medical issue with social determinants influenced by the framing of its pathogenesis: obesity. Specifically, we compare the currently dominant framing of obesity as an addiction to food with the emerging frame of obesity developing from neuroinflammation. We triangulate both corpus linguistic and bibliometric analysis of the top 200 most engaging neuroscience journal articles discussing obesity that were published open access in the past 10 years. The constructed Neurobesity Corpus is available for public use. The scoping review analysis confirmed that neuroinflammation is an emerging way for obesity to be framed in medical research. Importantly, the articles analysed that discussed neuroinflammation were less likely to use crisis terminology, such as referring to an obesity "epidemic". We highlight a potential relationship between the adoption of addiction frames and the use of stigmatising language in medical research.
Part 1 is an open-label, randomized, Latin-square 2x2 crossover study. Twelve subjects will be randomized (1:1) to treatment sequence to determine the order in which they will receive the tablet or capsule formulation in Period 1 and Period 2. There will be a minimum 10 day washout period between dosing in Period 1 and Period 2.

Part 2 is an open-label study of up to 4 single, ascending dose levels of HU6 administered as the tablet formulation. Eight subjects will be enrolled to participate in all of the ascending study periods. There will be a minimum 14-day washout period between dosing in each study period. The washout is longer in Part 2 to allow time for pharmacokinetic analyses and data review between study periods.
Intervention based on current standards of care i.e. 2 dimensional angiographic views.
Methylphenidate transdermal system was demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of ADHD in two (2) randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in children aged 6 to 12 years and one (1) randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adolescents aged 13 to 17 years who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR®) criteria for ADHD. Methylphenidate transdermal system wear time was 9 hours in all three (3) studies.

In Study 1, conducted in a classroom setting, symptoms of ADHD were evaluated by school teachers and observers using the Deportment Subscale from the Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M Flynn, and Pelham (SKAMP) rating scale which assesses behavior symptoms in the classroom setting. Methylphenidate transdermal system was applied for 9 hours before removal. There was a 5-week open-label methylphenidate transdermal system dose optimization phase using dosages of 10 mg/9 hours, 15 mg/9 hours, 20 mg/9 hours, and 30 mg/9 hours, followed by a 2-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover treatment phase using the optimal transdermal system dose for each patient or placebo. The mean differences between methylphenidate transdermal system and placebo in change from baseline in SKAMP Deportment Scores were statistically significant in favor of methylphenidate transdermal system beginning at 2 hours and remained statistically significant at all subsequent measured time points through 12 hours after application of the methylphenidate transdermal system.

In Study 2, conducted in the outpatient setting, methylphenidate transdermal system or placebo was blindly administered in a flexible-dose design using doses of 10 mg/9 hours, 15 mg/9 hours, 20 mg/9 hours, and 30 mg/9 hours to achieve an optimal regimen over 5 weeks, followed by a 2-week maintenance period using the optimal transdermal system dose for each patient. Symptoms of ADHD were evaluated by the ADHD-Rating Scale (RS)-IV. Methylphenidate transdermal system was statistically significantly superior to placebo as measured by the mean change from baseline for the ADHD-RS-IV total score. Although this study was not designed specifically to evaluate dose response, in general there did not appear to be any additional effectiveness accomplished by increasing the transdermal system dose from 20 mg/9 hours to 30 mg/9 hours.

In Study 3, conducted in the outpatient setting, methylphenidate transdermal system or placebo was blindly administered in a flexible-dose design using doses of 10 mg/9 hours, 15 mg/9 hours, 20 mg/9 hours, and 30 mg/9 hours during a 5-week dose-optimization phase, followed by a 2-week maintenance period using the optimal transdermal system dose for each patient. Symptoms of ADHD were evaluated using the ADHD-Rating Scale (RS)-IV. Methylphenidate transdermal system was statistically significantly superior to placebo as measured by the mean change from baseline in the ADHD-RS-IV total score.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a Guangdong beautyberry extract and a new application thereof. The preparation method of the extract comprises the steps: the entire plants of Guangdong beautyberry, namely, roots, stems, leaves or fruits, are taken as raw materials, processed by one or a plurality of the solvent distilling method, the solvent extraction method, the resin adsorption method, the polyamide adsorption column chromatography, the normal-phase column chromatography and the reversed-phase column chromatography, and finally dried to prepare the Guangdong beautyberry extract. The preparation method also comprises the steps that the obtained Guangdong beautyberry extract is combined with an excipient by a conventional method and prepared into dosage forms, such as power, particles, tablets, capsules, pills, suppository, enteric-coated tablets, injections, syrup, emulsion, suspension, tincture, ointment or nebula. When the Guangdong beautyberry extract is prepared into different dosage forms, one or a plurality of a lubricant, the excipient or a bonding agent are added into the extract. The invention also provides an application of the Guangdong beautyberry extract to hemostasia. The techniques used by the invention are simple and easy. The extract has good curative effect on hemostasia treatment but no toxic and side effects.
The average trough levels of rilonacept were approximately 24 mcg/mL at steady state following weekly subcutaneous doses of 160 mg for up to 48 weeks in patients with CAPS. The steady state appeared to be reached by 6 weeks.

The average trough levels of rilonacept were approximately 23 mcg/mL at steady state, and the circulation half-life in vivo was approximately 7 days following a 320 mg loading dose and weekly subcutaneous doses of 160 mg for up to 36 weeks in patients with RP. Steady state appeared to be reached by approximately 2 weeks. No pharmacokinetic data are available in patients with hepatic or renal impairment.

No specific study was conducted to evaluate the effect of age, gender, or body weight on rilonacept exposure. Based on limited data obtained from the Phase 3 study RHAPSODY, steady state trough concentrations were similar between male and female patients. Age (26 to78 years) and body weight (50 to120 kg) did not appear to have a meaningful effect on trough rilonacept concentrations. The effect of race has not been assessed because of low numbers of non-Caucasian patients in the CAPS and RP programs, reflecting the epidemiology of these diseases.

In pediatric patients with DIRA (3 to 6 years of age and body weight 12.7 to 19.9 kg) who received weekly subcutaneous doses of 4.4 mg/kg of ARCALYST, the average steady-state trough levels ranged from 63.5 to 74.0 mg/mL during the period of 6 to 24 months from the start of treatment with ARCALYST.
Nasonex (mometasone furoate monohydrate) Nasal Spray, 50 mcg. 4 actuations per day for 14 days.
Participants will received cenerimod 4 mg once daily in addition to background SLE therapy for up to 6 months in Treatment Period 1. The participants randomized to the 4 mg treatment who were still on treatment at Month 6 were re-randomized in a 1:1 ratio to placebo or cenerimod 2 mg to enter Treatment Period 2. The participants who did not complete 6 months of cenerimod 4 mg treatment will be analyzed in the "Non Re-randomized (Ex-4mg)" treatment group.
The bottle for use in the morning contains placebo and one for use in the evening contains clobetasol oral gel. The oral cavity will be rinsed with 5ml oral gel during 1 minute. Nystatin will be taken 1ml 4 times daily.
The present invention discloses a capsule for curing chronic enteritis, which is composed of five kinds of traditional Chinese medicine of 8 of gastrodia tuber, 3 of radix aconiti lateralis preparata, 3 of stir-baked squama manitis, 10 of prepared curare and 1 of cassia twig by weight. The traditional Chinese medicine are machined to Chinese patent medicine through the processes of milling, weighing, mixing, uniform stirring, filling in capsules, etc. The present invention is mainly used for treating chronic intestinal tract diseases of chronic diarrhea, enteritis anaphylactica, enteritis diarrhea which is not healed for years, etc. The medicine has the advantages of convenience for taking, economy of medical cost and significant curative effect. Through statistic of 32 patients who take the capsules for curing chronic enteritis, 30 people are healed after people take the medicine for a course of treatment (three months), and the healing people accounts for 93.75% of the total number of people. The medicine is especially suitable for patients with chronic enteritis to take.
A phase II study testing the clinical efficacy of combined AZD1775 with AraC or single agent activity of AZD1775 in three patient strata: Elderly(\> 60 years) newly diagnosed AML patients (Arm A) will only receive the combination; whereas relapsed/refractory AML patients and HMA failure MDS patients will be allocated to either the combination (Arm B) or single agent AZD1775 (Arm C). The study will have a run in safety cohort of six patients in each of the three arms to determine the safe use of combined AraC /AZD1775 or single agent AZD1775 in the patient populations. This will be followed by an expansion phase of up to 20 and 21 eligible patients in each arm respectively where elderly patients with newly diagnosed AML will receive a combination of AZD1775 and AraC (Arm A) while patients with relapsed or refractory AML or HMA failure MDS will be allocated to receive either AZD1775 with AraC (Arm B) or AZD1775 alone (Arm C). An early toxicity check will be conducted to determine safety and tolerability. If indicated, dose levels will be reduced. The study will continue to enroll the rest of the patients at the tolerated dose.
PURPOSE:To obtain the title solubilized high-melting-point oily material having high transparency and emulsification stability by emulsifying a high-melting-point oily material which is solid at ordinary temp. in the presence of an emulsifying agent, and passing the obtained emulsion through a microporous film. CONSTITUTION:The high-melting-point oily material such as fatsoluble vitamins which is solid at ordinary temp. is mixed with water in the presence of an emulsifying agent such as a polyglycerol fatty acid ester having >=10 HLB value. The mixture is emulsified by using an ultrasonic emulsifier, etc. The emulsion is passed through a microporous film made of polycarbonate and having about 0.01-1.00 mean pore diameter by utilizing pressure, centrifugal force, etc. As a result, the solubilized high-melting-point oily material having high emulsification stability, the transparency is also enhanced, and the material is widely utilized as the physiological active lipids in the field of food and drink.
INTRODUCTION: A patient's perceived sensitivity to medicines (PSM) might influence the reported side effects of a treatment. The experience of side effects can result in personal and structural costs (such as nonadherence). Research on nocebo mechanisms and the workings of side effect reporting has been disproportionally smaller compared to the emerging evidence of the individual and clinical impact of the matter. In this study, we explored and re-examined the association between PSM and reported side effects within a specific population (chronic low back pain patients receiving acupuncture treatment), including possible mediating variables (i.e., gender, medical and nonmedical care utilization, optimism, pessimism, anxiety, depression and treatment expectation).
METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial that examined the influence of treatment outcome expectations in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. All measures in the analysis were self-assessments. We explored the association between PSM, reported side effects and personal characteristics using correlational and regression analyses.
RESULTS: Our sample consisted of 152 CLBP patients (65.8% female), the mean age was 39.5 years (SD = 12.5). We found positive correlations between PSM and reported side effects (r = 0.24; p < 0.01) and between PSM and anxiety (r = 0.21; p < 0.05). However, the subsequent regression analyses did not confirm a mediating or moderating effect of anxiety between PSM and reported side effects.
CONCLUSION: We confirmed and extended earlier research on PSM. Our study involved a specific pain population receiving a nonpharmacological intervention. Our results highlight the importance of targeting PSM and anxiety within a treatment to take measures to mitigate the prevalence of side effects.
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable, progressive disease and the third leading cause of death worldwide. The epidemiological data of COPD from Gulf countries are very limited, as it remains underdiagnosed and underestimated. Risk factors for COPD include tobacco cigarette smoking, water pipe smoking (Shisha), exposure to air pollutants, occupational dusts, fumes, and chemicals. Inadequate treatment of COPD leads to worsening of disease. The 2024 GOLD guidelines recommend use of inhaled bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and adjunct therapies for treatment and management of COPD patients based on an individual assessment of the severity of symptoms and risk of exacerbations. This article reviews COPD pharmacotherapy in the Gulf countries and explores the role of nebulization in the management of COPD in this region. Methods: To review the COPD pharmacotherapy in the Gulf Countries, literature search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, and Google Scholar databases (before December 2022), using search terms such as COPD, nebulization, inhalers/inhalation, aerosols, and Gulf countries. Relevant articles from the reference list of identified studies were reviewed. Consensus statements, expert opinion, and other published review articles were included. Results: In the Gulf countries, pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), soft mist inhalers, and nebulizers are used for drug delivery to COPD patients. pMDIs and DPIs are most prone to errors in technique and other common device handling errors. Nebulization is another mode of inhalation drug delivery, which is beneficial in certain patient populations such as the elderly and patients with cognitive impairment, motor or neuromuscular disorders, and other comorbidities. Conclusion: There is no major difference between Gulf countries and rest of the world in the approach to management of COPD. Nebulizers should be considered for patients who have difficulties in accessing or using MDIs and DPIs, irrespective of geographical location.
The proposed study will enroll 36 healthy, non-pregnant, non-breastfeeding, reproductive age women with regular ovulatory cycles. Potential participants will undergo screening, which will include a history, physical exam, assessment of vital signs, and blood draw for assessment of ovulation via mid-luteal progesterone levels. If her progesterone level confirms ovulatory status (\> 3 ng/ml), she will be offered enrollment and assigned to one of three follicular phase groups based on her leading follicle size in the next cycle: 12-14 mm, 15-17 mm, and ≥18 mm. To determine follicle size, participants will receive serial transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) scans of their ovarian follicles starting on cycle day 8 of the next menstrual cycle. The scans will be performed three times weekly to identify her leading follicle. Once the leading follicle has reached its assigned size, DMPA will be administered. Blood samples will be obtained prior to administration for baseline hormonal assays. One hour after administration, blood will be drawn for MPA levels. For the following five consecutive days, the participant will undergo daily TVUS to detect signs of follicular rupture and blood draws to assess serum markers of ovulation (estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone). On the first day, 24 hours after DMPA administration, blood will be drawn for MPA levels as well. After five days, the participant will return twice weekly for two weeks to provide serum progesterone levels to detect any delayed ovulation or ovulatory dysfunction. At the final visit, she will fill out a simple survey to assess her satisfaction with DMPA as an EC method, and whether she would recommend this method to others.
Patients will be enrolled sequentially in 2 separate cohorts, representing escalating dose levels. Each dose cohort will comprise 15 subjects, randomly assigned to receive either rHIgM22 (n=10) or placebo (n=5).
A method of conditioning a living body of a patient to associate the unconditioned stimulus (US) of decreased sympathetic nerve activity SNA) with the conditioned stimulus (CS) of a representation of an offending agent to cease or reduce defensive reactions or symptoms. The US involves non-invasive, transcutaneous sensory stimulation of the sympathetic ganglia, which is paired with the CS of digital audio representations of offending substances to modify pathologically conditioned. reflexes of various systems involved. in a reaction. In addition, a patient's allergies or sensitivities are treated by using digital representations, preferably provided via a computer, to represent the actual substances in order to engage the multimodal functioning of the brain. Sensory stimulation is used in conjunction with the digital audio signals to condition the body to respond more appropriately to the substance.
Patients receive intratumoral GRm13Z40-2 therapeutic allogeneic lymphocytes over 10 minutes on days 1 and 3 and intratumoral aldesleukin over 3 hours on days 2-5 (days 1-5 in week 2). Treatment repeats every week for 2 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize the contemporary evidence on decongestion strategies in patients with acute heart failure (AHF).
RECENT FINDINGS: While loop diuretic therapy has remained the backbone of decongestive treatment in AHF, multiple randomized clinical trials suggest that early combination with other diuretic classes or molecules with diuretic properties should be considered. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors are disease-modifying drugs in heart failure that favourably influence prognosis early on, advocating their start as soon as possible in the absence of any compelling contraindications. Short-term upfront use of acetazolamide in adjunction to intravenous loop diuretic therapy relieves congestion faster, avoids diuretic resistance, and may shorten hospitalization length. Thiazide-like diuretics remain a good option to break diuretic resistance. Currently, ultrafiltration in AHF remains mainly reserved for patient with an inadequate response to pharmacological treatment.
SUMMARY: In most patients with AHF, decongestion can be achieved effectively and safely through combination diuretic therapies. Appropriate diuretic therapy may shorten hospitalization length and improve quality of life, but has not yet proven to reduce death or heart failure readmissions. Ultrafiltration currently has a limited role in AHF, mainly as bail-out strategy, but evidence for a more upfront use remains inconclusive.
BACKGROUND: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains the leading cause of long-term graft failure and mortality after heart transplantation. Effective preventive and treatment options are not available to date, largely because underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We studied the potential role of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), an inflammatory lipid mediator, in the development of CAV.
METHODS: We used an established preclinical rat CAV model to study the role of LTB4 in CAV. We performed syngeneic and allogeneic orthotopic aortic transplantation, after which neointimal proliferation was quantified. Animals were then treated with Bestatin, an inhibitor of LTB4 synthesis, or vehicle control for 30 days post-transplant, and evidence of graft CAV was determined by histology. We also measured serial LTB4 levels in a cohort of 28 human heart transplant recipients with CAV, 17 matched transplant controls without CAV, and 20 healthy nontransplant controls.
RESULTS: We showed that infiltration of the arterial wall with macrophages leads to neointimal thickening and a rise in serum LTB4 levels in our rat model of CAV. Inhibition of LTB4 production with the drug Bestatin prevents development of neointimal hyperplasia, suggesting that Bestatin may be effective therapy for CAV prevention. In a parallel study of heart transplant recipients, we found nonsignificantly elevated plasma LTB4 levels in patients with CAV, compared to patients without CAV and healthy, nontransplant controls.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides key evidence supporting the role of the inflammatory cytokine LTB4 as an important mediator of CAV development and provides preliminary data suggesting the clinical benefit of Bestatin for CAV prevention.
In recent history, outbreaks of high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs) have raised health security concerns among the global community. As HCIDs continue to emerge, public health systems around the world experience the burden of implementing adequate preparedness and response measures to ensure the safety and security of their populations. HCID outbreak response efforts have highlighted the need for specialized training in safety and infection prevention and control for frontline workers who may encounter ill patients. The COVID-19 Mission Prep program for National Disaster Medical System personnel and the Deployment Safety Academy for Field Experiences (D-SAFE) program for US Public Health Service officers are 2 examples of virtual training programs that successfully provided foundational education on infection prevention and control and safety as well as deployable just-in-time training during HCID outbreak response efforts. The methods used to develop these training programs can be adopted by other countries to enhance the global outbreak response infrastructure for the next HCID event. The global outbreak response infrastructure demands investments in training as a preparedness measure, which will ultimately lead to safer, more coordinated outbreak response efforts with competent responders.
During the study participants will be wearing the photobiomodulation device Cognilum. The device will administer the stimulation of near infrared light (830nm) to specific areas of the child's brain.
The invention provides a drug delivery device for one or more drugs. The device has a drug core which is surrounded by an internal and external sheath. The external sheath has a first cap that is permeable to at least one drug in the core. The first cap may comprise polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the PVA may be heat cured. In certain aspects, there are one or more additional caps on the ends of the sheaths formed from one or more polymers. In certain aspects, one or more portions of the drug delivery device are substantially impermeable to one or more drugs in the drug core. In certain aspects, the drug elutes through the first cap into a biological environment. The invention further provides methods for manufacturing the drug delivery device.