The proposed study will expand upon the pilot trial in order to further develop, implement, and test the impact of an innovative collaborative care approach tailored to the needs of a patient population who currently have no evidence-based options. The investigators propose a broad reach intervention strategy that is designed to be readily implemented in acute, specialty and primary care medical settings, as well as over the telephone. The investigators will conduct a randomized comparative effectiveness trial with 200 youth, ages 11-18, suffering from ≥ 3 post-concussive symptoms at least 1 month after their sports-related injury. Athletes will be randomized to collaborative care (intervention) or post-sports injury care as usual (control group) conditions. The study is designed with the following aims:

Aim 1. To determine the effectiveness of a stepped-collaborative care intervention model in reducing post-concussive and co-occurring psychological symptoms in youth with persistent post-concussive symptoms after sports-related concussion H1: Youth receiving a collaborative care intervention will demonstrate clinically and statistically significant reductions in post-concussive symptoms, depressive and anxiety symptoms over the course of the 12-month study, compared to usual care control group athletes Aim 2. To examine the effectiveness of the intervention in improving function and health-related quality of life amongst youth with persistent symptoms after sports-related concussion H2: Adolescents who receive a collaborative care intervention will exhibit a clinically meaningful improvement in function and health-related quality life Exploratory Aim 3. To explore differences in school performance between groups H3: Adolescents who receive the collaborative care intervention will receive individualized treatment and community resource linkages which will improve their school performance as compared to adolescents receiving treatment as usual Aim 4. To explore the heterogeneity of treatment effects in the primary and secondary outcomes by examining the interaction of the treatment effect with group membership in distinct subgroups of the population. H4: Three distinct subgroups are expected to emerge from the study population: adolescents who recover from symptoms, adolescents with chronic psychosocial problems, and adolescents whose symptoms wax and wane over time. A greater proportion of adolescents who recover from symptoms will emerge in the treatment group, compared to controls.

IMPACT: By broadly targeting the constellation of post-concussive physical and psychological symptoms and integrating care amongst primary care, pediatric sub-specialist, and behavioral health providers, the collaborative care health services intervention could accelerate the rate of recovery from persistent post-concussive symptoms and attenuate the degree and duration of disability during adolescence, a critical period for healthy development. Validation of this treatment through a scaled up clinical trial will serve as a foundation for broader dissemination of this collaborative care treatment model. The multidisciplinary sports concussion research team will simultaneously work nationally and internationally to ensure study results are expediently translated into effective policy for youth athletes suffering from enduring symptoms and functional impairments in the wake of sports-related concussions.