anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Gastrojejunostomy tube placement is a commonly performed procedure for providing nutritional support in patients unable to tolerate gastric feeds due to gastric outlet or duodenal obstruction or severe gastroesophageal reflux. When performed percutaneously, this procedure involves advancing a guidewire from the gastrostomy skin entry site through the pylorus. Based on data collected for quality improvement purposes the investigators have found that this step accounts for approximately one half the total fluoroscopy time and radiation dose during GJ tube placement and approximately one third of the total physician time in the procedure. Specifically, crossing the pylorus required on average 5.3 minutes of fluoroscopy time out of a total of 9.3 minutes for the entire procedure, and accounted for 92.2 mGy air kerma out of 201.7 mGy for the entire procedure. Furthermore, inability to advance a wire into the duodenum due to refractory pylorospasm is among the most common reasons for aborting GJ placement. Specifically, in approximately 1.5% of GJ placement procedures the pylorus cannot be crossed and a gastrostomy tube is placed instead. Only colonic interposition, in which GJ tube placement is not attempted, accounts for a larger fraction of failed procedures (3%). A variety of wire, catheter, and device related techniques have been described to facilitate wire intubation of the pylorus, but this remains a rate limiting step in the procedure. In order to reduce radiation doses to both the patient and interventional radiologist to levels that are as low as reasonably achievable and to maximize procedural success rates, adjunctive methods to aid in wire intubation of the pylorus are needed.

Previous meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have found that a single dose of erythromycin or metoclopramide is effective at emptying the stomach of blood and improving visualization during endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Similarly, a previous randomized controlled trial demonstrated that a single dose of metoclopramide or domperidone increases the rate at which nasoenteric tubes spontaneously pass through the pylorus from 27 to 55%. Single dose metoclopramide is also indicated for reducing transit time during small bowel follow through examinations. Drug related adverse events in these studies were rare.

Although single dose promotility agents are established in the above described settings, they have not been studied for GJ tube placement. The investigators hypothesize that use of promotility agents may facilitate advancement of the guidewire through the duodenum and into the proximal jejunum during GJ tube placement by enhancing gastric peristalsis, pylorus relaxation, and small bowel motility. Single doses of promotility agents such as metoclopramide are inexpensive (approximately $1.02 per dose), easily administered at the time of the procedure, and have very favorable safety profiles. Therefore, promotility agents may represent a simple, effective, and readily feasible means of reducing radiation dose and procedure time during GJ tube placement, thus improving the safety and efficiency of this common IR procedure.
PURPOSE: To obtain a tasty compsn. from an unpleasant edible oil by mixing an edible oil and an inorg. complex forming agent which is insoluble with oil, dispersing the mixture in water, adding sweetener and sensation masking agent, filling an aerosol container with the obtd. mixture and further filling the container with a propellant. CONSTITUTION: After an unpleasant edible oil is mixed with an inorg. complex forming agent which is insoluble with oil and forms such a complex that its viscosity increases with oil, the oil in a complex state is mixed with water to form a uniform suspension. Then a sweetener and a sensation masking agent are added to the suspension. The obtd. compsn. is supplied to fill an aerosol container. Further, a food-grade propellant in such an amt. that the propellant itself can function as a whipping agent and a propellant is introduced into the container to obtain the object tasty compsn. from an unpleasant edible oil.
OBJECTIVE: Metabolic Syndrome, which can be induced or exacerbated by current antipsychotic drugs (APDs), is highly prevalent in schizophrenia patients. Recent preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that agonists at trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) have potential as a new treatment option for schizophrenia. Intriguingly, preclinical tudies have also identified TAAR1 as a novel regulator of metabolic control. Here we evaluated the effects of three TAAR1 agonists, including the clinical development candidate ulotaront, on body weight, metabolic parameters and modulation of neurocircuits implicated in homeostatic and hedonic feeding.
METHODS: Effects of TAAR1 agonists (ulotaront, RO5166017 and/or RO5263397) on body weight, food intake and/or metabolic parameters were investigated in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). Body weight effects were also determined in a rat and mouse model of olanzapine-, and corticosterone-induced body weight gain, respectively. Glucose tolerance was assessed in lean and diabetic db/db mice and fasting plasma glucose and insulin examined in DIO mice. Effects on gastric emptying were evaluated in lean mice and rats. Drug-induced neurocircuit modulation was evaluated in mice using whole-brain imaging of c-fos protein expression.
RESULTS: TAAR1 agonists improved oral glucose tolerance by inhibiting gastric emptying. Sub-chronic administration of ulotaront in rats fed a HFD produced a dose-dependent reduction in body weight, food intake and liver triglycerides compared to vehicle controls. In addition, a more rapid reversal of olanzapine-induced weight gain and food intake was observed in HFD rats switched to ulotaront or RO5263397 treatment compared to those switched to vehicle. Chronic ulotaront administration also reduced body weight and improved glycemic control in DIO mice, and normalized corticosterone-induced body weight gain in mice. TAAR1 activation increased neuronal activity in discrete homeostatic and hedonic feeding centers located in the dorsal vagal complex and hypothalamus with concurrent activation of several limbic structures.
CONCLUSION: The current data demonstrate that TAAR1 agonists, as a class, not only lack APD-induced metabolic liabilities but can reduce body weight and improve glycemic control in rodent models. The underlying mechanisms likely include TAAR1-mediated peripheral effects on glucose homeostasis and gastric emptying as well as central regulation of energy balance and food intake.
Devices, systems, techniques, and computer-program products are provided for mobile healthcare management. In one aspect, a mobile device can acquire physiological information and/or situational information associated with a subject associated with the mobile device. The information that is acquired can be transmitted to a network platform and, based at least on the information that is acquired, a health profile associated with the subject can be generated and evaluated with respect to a reference health profile. Based at least on an outcome of the evaluation, in one aspect, a response to the health profile can be supplied to a healthcare provider. In scenarios in which the health profile is indicative of a medical emergency, the response can include an emergency communication with one or more first responder or a predetermined emergency contact for the subject. The reference health profile can be specific to the subject.
Patients in this arm will have a blood sample performed for measurement of N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Patients with an elevated Roche NT-proBNP (≥125 pg/mL) will undergo a transthoracic echocardiogram, clinical examination for signs of HF, HF symptom assessment, an ECG). Patients will undergo echocardiography with a CE-marked, FDA-approved handheld point of care (POC) EchoNous echocardiogram device in all countries. The US2.ai algorithm (which is also CE-marked and FDA-approved) will generate an AI-automated echocardiogram report.
Multiplex-based serological surveillance is a valuable but underutilized tool to understand gaps in population-level exposure, susceptibility, and immunity to infectious diseases. Assays for which blood samples can be tested for antibodies against several pathogens simultaneously, such as multiplex bead immunoassays, can more efficiently integrate public health surveillance in low- and middle-income countries. On March 7-8, 2023 a group of experts representing research institutions, multilateral organizations, private industry, and country partners met to discuss experiences, identify challenges and solutions, and create a community of practice for integrated, multi-pathogen serosurveillance using multiplex bead assay technologies. Participants were divided into six working groups: 1) supply chain; 2) laboratory assays; 3) seroepidemiology; 4) data analytics; 5) sustainable implementation; and 6) use case scenarios. These working groups discussed experiences, challenges, solutions, and research needs to facilitate integrated, multi-pathogen serosurveillance for public health. Several solutions were proposed to address challenges that cut across working groups.
In clinical practice, renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), often leading to acute renal failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The current understanding of renal IRI mechanisms remains unclear, and effective therapeutic strategies and clear targets are lacking. Therefore, the need to find explicit and effective ways to reduce renal IRI remains a scientific challenge. The current study explored pyroptosis, a type of inflammation-regulated programmed cell death, and the role of Gasdermins E (GSDME)-mediated pyroptosis, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation in renal IRI. The analysis of human samples showed that the expression levels of GSDME in normal human renal tissues were higher than those of GSDMD. Moreover, our study demonstrated that GSDME played an important role in mediating pyroptosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage in renal IRI. Subsequently, GSDME-N accumulated in the mitochondrial membrane, leading to mitochondrial damage and activation of caspase3, which generated a feed-forward loop of self-amplification injury. However, GSDME knockout resulted in the amelioration of renal IRI. Moreover, the current study found that the transcription factor CHOP was activated much earlier in renal IRI. Inhibition of BCL-2 by CHOP leaded to casapse3 activation, resulting in mitochondrial damage and apoptosis; not only that, but CHOP positively regulated GSDME thereby causing pyroptosis. Therefore, this study explored the transcriptional mechanisms of GSDME during IRI development and the important role of CHOP/Caspase3/GSDME mechanistic axis in regulating pyroptosis in renal IRI. This axis might serve as a potential therapeutic target.
MALT1 cleavage activity is linked to the pathogenesis of activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), a chemo-resistant form of DLBCL. We developed a MALT1 activity assay and identified chemically diverse MALT1 inhibitors. A selected lead compound MI-2 featured direct binding to MALT1 and suppression of its protease function. MI-2 concentrated within human ABC-DLBCL cells and irreversibly inhibited cleavage of MALT1 substrates. This was accompanied by suppression of NF- K B reporter activity, inhibition of nuclear localization of c-REL and downregulation of NF- K B target gene signature. Most notably, MI-2 was non-toxic to mice, and displayed potent and specific activity against ABC-DLBCL cell lines in vitro, and xenotransplanted ABC-DLBCL tumors in vivo. The compound was also effective against primary human non-GCB-DLBCLs ex vivo.
This two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled efficacy trial will determine if a digital curriculum-based nutrition education intervention (intervention group) leads to greater increases in overall nutrition knowledge compared to conventional nutrition education (control group) in Grade 4 and 4/5 classrooms after 1 week, and that it facilitates greater retention at 4 weeks and 3 months following the intervention period. Secondary outcomes include sub-scores of nutrition knowledge (i.e., knowledge of specific food groupings), nutrition attitudes, general child nutrition behaviours and dietary intakes. Due to the enhanced engagement serious games can provide, it is hypothesized that participants in the intervention group will show greater changes in and retention of their nutrition knowledge and nutrition behaviours. Twenty-eight Grade 4 and 4/5 classrooms in Ontario, Canada will be randomized to the intervention or control group. Participants in both groups will receive nutrition education lessons for 35-40 minutes a day for five consecutive days. Participants in the intervention group will use the Foodbot Factory serious game while participants in the control group will use conventional learning materials (e.g., worksheets, teacher-led instruction). Both interventions will have these learning materials integrated into standardized nutrition education lesson plans. Overall and sub-scores of nutrition knowledge, and nutrition attitudes will be assessed using the Nutrition Attitudes and Knowledge questionnaire. General child nutrition behaviours (e.g., frequency of eating meals outside the home) will be assessed using a modified version of the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity Screening Tool and dietary intake will be assessed using the Block Food Screener for Ages 2-17. At baseline, parents and classroom teachers will respectively complete demographic questionnaires to measure co-variates that may impact outcomes of interest (e.g., household food security, presence of school food programs).
The invention relates to the field of medicines, and discloses a fosaprepitant-meglumine crystal compound, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition. The fosaprepitant-meglumine crystal compound is different from those available in the prior art, wherein Cu-K alpha rays are adopted for measurement to obtain an X-ray powder diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 1. The fosaprepitant-meglumine crystal compound is good in stability, good in fluidity, not easy to absorb moisture, simple in preparation method and easy to operate. When the fosaprepitant-meglumine crystal compound is prepared as the pharmaceutical composition, the medication safety is greatly improved. Therefore, the fosaprepitant-meglumine crystal compound is very suitable for clinical application.
FIELD: organic chemistry, imidazole derivatives. SUBSTANCE: product: 4,5-diphenyl-2-propylthioimidazole hydrochloride. Synthesis is carried out in solutions of 4,5-diphenylmercaptoimidazole and propyl iodide in the presence of alkali in alcohol medium followed by conversion of obtained base to hydrochloride. Yield is 80-86%, m. p. is 182 C, empirical formula is CHNS•HCl, conventional reactions in rats were increased by 38% (as compared with control), toxicity LD= 475 mg/kg. Synthesized compound can be used in medicine and pharmacology. EFFECT: enhanced activity of the new synthesized compound.
BACKGROUND: Timely diagnosis of acute intestinal necrosis (AIN) is lifesaving, but challenging due to unclear clinical presentation. D-lactate has been proposed as an AIN biomarker.
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to test the diagnostic performance in a clinical setting.
METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional prospective study, including all adult patients with acute referral to a single tertiary gastrointestinal surgical department during 2015-2016 and supplemented by enrollment of high-risk in-hospital patients suspected of having AIN during 2016-2019. AIN was verified intraoperatively, and D-lactate was analyzed using an automatic spectrophotometric set-up. A D-lactate cut-off for AIN was estimated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The performance according to patient subgroups was estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Given the exploratory nature of this study, a formal power calculation was not feasible.
RESULTS: Forty-four AIN patients and 2914 controls were enrolled. The D-lactate cut-off was found to be 0.0925 mM. Due to lipemic interference, D-lactate could not be quantified in half of the patients, leaving 23 AIN patients and 1456 controls for analysis. The AUC for the diagnosis of AIN by D-lactate was 0.588 (95% confidence interval 0.475-0.712), with a sensitivity of 0.261 and specificity of 0.892. Analysis of high-risk patients showed similar results (AUC 0.579; 95% confidence interval 0.422-0.736).
CONCLUSION: D-lactate showed low sensitivity for AIN in both average-risk and high-risk patients. Moreover, lipemic interference precluded valid spectrophotometric assessment of D-lactate in half of the patients, further disqualifying the clinical utility of D-lactate as a diagnostic marker for AIN.
Healthy subjects realized 10 sessions of emotional neurofeedback. Before (Baseline, Day 0), and after (at the study completion (after 10 neurofeedback sessions, Week 5)) neurofeedback sessions, the BART, assessing risk-taking behavior, coupled with an EEG record is realized by the subjects.
PURPOSE:To provide a preventive and therapeutic agent for fracture, containing platelet factor 4 as the active component and having an ossification promotion effect. CONSTITUTION:This preventive and therapeutic agent contains human platelet factor 4 and bovine platelet factor 4 as the active components. The platelet factor 4(PF4) is useful for diseases related to osteoblast and especially for prevention and therapy of diseases such as fracture requiring promotion of differentiation and growth of bone since it promotes differentiation of osteoblast. For therapy of fracture, it is administrated most preferably by mixing it with a suitable gel-state base and applying locally and directly to an affected part. PF4 is very soluble in water and can be systemically administrated in the form of a water-soluble injection. Nasal or transpulmonary administration is also possible in the form of a fine-particle aerosol. The dosage is 1 to 100mug/ administration part/human/day in the case of local administration or 0.1 to 10mg/kg/day in the case of systemic administration.
Although rare, Angiostrongylus costaricensis infection may be a more prevalent etiology of inflammatory bowel disease than ulcerative colitis and Chron's disease in endemic areas in Central and South America. The present study reviewed the occurrence of A. costaricensis in Brazil, its clinical presentation and pathology; and proposed diagnostic criteria and case definitions for abdominal angiostrongyliasis (AA). Southern and southeastern Brazilian regions are the main endemic areas, and AA affects both genders and all age groups. A review of all 23 published reports of 51 Brazilian patients highlighted the following features that were subsequently classified as minor diagnostic criteria: abdominal pain, palpable mass in the right lower abdominal quadrant, history of exposure, ileocecal tumor, and intestinal perforation with wall thickening. Proposed major criteria include right lower quadrant abdominal pain, blood eosinophilia, positive serology (antibody detection), intense eosinophilic infiltration that involves all strata of the intestinal wall, eosinophilic granulomatous reaction, and eosinophilic vasculitis. In addition to the definitions of suspected and possible cases according to increasing strength of evidence of this infection, demonstration of worms/eggs/larvae in tissues or Angiostrongylus DNA in tissues or serum are required for a confirmed diagnosis. The application of the proposed criteria and definitions may improve patient management, epidemiologic surveillance, and identification of new endemic areas.
A non-invasive remote diagnostic system includes a central processing unit (CPU) 10 adapted to feed an image of a patient such as a digital photograph to be displayed to an operator by a first computer monitor 21. A second computer monitor 22 is displaying a realistic outline of a target area of diagnostic interest such as an outline of a human organ or a particular portion thereof. These two monitors together with a CPU are adapted to induce a state of heightened consciousness and intuition of a system operator. A detecting/evaluating unit 30 is sensing non-invasively the operator's biofeedback response while the operator is exposed to the images. The biofeedback response is converted to an electrical signal and is fed back into the CPU 10 to compare against a predetermined database of similar signals obtained from volunteers with known diseases. The biofeedback signal allows a non-invasive remote diagnosis of a patient's state of health.
The current recommended starting dose of basal insulin in type 2 diabetes is either a fixed dose, e.g. 10 U, or a weight-based formulas, 0.1-0.2 U/kg. The estimate of eventual titration dose to attempt to reach a fasting glucose goal is 0.49 U/kg. Those many weeks of dosage upward titration are required. The investigators propose to compare the current recommended weight based, 0.1 U/kg to a correction factor derived formula. Starting with an insulin tolerance test estimation of basal dose, one would arrive at the eventual titrated basal insulin dose in significantly less days than starting at a starting dose estimate of 0.1 U/kg. Further, there would be no significant increase in overall reported hypoglycemia.
This invention provides a bacterium having an S-layer wherein the bacterium's S-layer protein gene contains one or more sequences encoding one or more heterologous polypeptides and, said S-layer is a fusion product of the S-layer protein and said heterologous polypeptide. Preferably, the bacterium is a Caulobacter which may be cultured as a film in a bioreactor or may be administered as a live vaccine. The heterologous polypeptide may be an enzyme, a ligand, an antigen or another functional sequence of amino acids. This invention also provides a method of expressing and presenting a functional polypeptide which comprises cloning a gene sequence for said polypeptide in-frame into the S-layer protein gene of Caulobacter and, culturing said Caulobacter having an S-layer which is a fusion product of the S-layer protein and the polypeptide. This invention also provides a DNA sequence comprising all or substantially all of a Caulobacter S-layer protein gene containing one or more heterologous sequences encoding restriction endonuclease sites which heterologous sequences preserve the translational frame of said gene to facilitate insertion of further heterologous sequences into said gene. This invention also provides a substantially purified DNA molecule essentially consisting of all or substantially all of a Caulobacter crescentus S-protein gene sequence.
PURPOSE: To obtain a safe agent containing a carrageenan, and capable of inhibiting the destructure of muscular cells due to the muscular dystrophy and the decrement of muscle force accompanied by the same. CONSTITUTION: This agent contains a carrageenan. The carrageenan is preferably λ-carrageenan having repeating units of the formula and having a mol.wt. of 30000-40000. The inhibiting agent is preferably administered by an intramuscular injection method. The injection agent can be prepared e.g. by dissolving 1mg of the carrageenan in 20cc of a phosphate buffer solution. The carrageenan is administered in an amount of 1μg/kg based on the body weight of a man or an animal.