anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Neonatal oxygen deficiency in rats may disturb growth and long-term metabolic homeostasis. In order to facilitate metabolic evaluation, the subjects are usually housed individually. However, social isolation associated with individually housed conditions alters animal behavior, which may influence the experimental results. This study investigated the effects of social isolation on neonatal anoxia-induced changes in growth and energy metabolism. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed, on postnatal day 2 (P2), to either 25-min of anoxia or control treatment. From P27 onward, part of the subjects of each group was isolated in standard cages, and the remaining subjects were housed in groups. At P34 or P95, the subjects were fasted for 18 h, refeed for 1 h, and then perfused 30 min later. Glycemia, leptin, insulin, and morphology of the pancreas were evaluated at both ages. For subjects perfused at P95, body weight and food intake were recorded up to P90, and the brain was collected for Fos and NeuN immunohistochemistry. Results showed that male rats exposed to neonatal anoxia and social isolation exhibited increased body weight gain despite the lack of changes in food intake. In addition, social isolation (1) decreased post-fasting weight loss and post-fasting food intake and (2) increased glycemia, insulin, and leptin levels of male and female rats exposed to anoxia and control treatments, both at P35 and P95. Furthermore, although at P35, anoxia increased insulin levels of males, it decreased the area of the β-positive cells in the pancreas of females. At P95, anoxia increased post-prandial weight loss of males, post-fasting food intake, insulin, and leptin, and decreased Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of males and females. Hyperphagia was associated with possible resistance to leptin and insulin, suspected by the high circulating levels of these hormones and poor neuronal activation of ARC. This study demonstrated that continuous social isolation from weaning modifies, in a differentiated way, the long-term energy metabolism and growth of male and female Wistar rats exposed to neonatal anoxia or even control treatments. Therefore, social isolation should be considered as a factor that negatively influences experimental results and the outcomes of the neonatal injury. These results should also be taken into account in clinical procedures, since the used model simulates the preterm babies' conditions and some therapeutic approaches require isolation.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been a global healthcare problem with a sustained increasing incidence. It includes two major forms, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which are distinct chronic bowel-relapsing inflammatory disorders (Gharagozloo et al., 2015). Ulcerative colitis (UC) is limitd to Mucosa and cause continuous bowel inflammation (Celikbilek et al., 2013) While Crohn disease is more complex because of its transmural inflammation and it is characterized by skip lesions, which are diseased sections of bowel next to uninvolved areas(Nishijima David L; Wisner, David H; Holmes, James F, 2016). The prevalence of IBD is highest in the second to third decade of life with another peak in the 60-70- year-old group.(Silva et al., 2016) Non-invasive tests, such as C reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and white blood cells (WBC) are therefore being increasingly recognized as important markers for initial diagnosis and disease activity detection.(Gao et al., 2015) In recent years, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), calculated as total neutrophil count divided by total lymphocyte count, NLR represents two different immune pathways and can be easily derived directly from a standard blood test..(Argeny et al., 2018)
Cigarette smoke is widely known as contributing to chronic inflammation underlying several airway diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. In our previous studies we found that the lung of both COPD and cancer patients were characterized by the presence and activation of the AIM2 inflammasome. Here, we wanted to investigate the upstream step during the establishment of chronic lung inflammation after cigarette smoke exposure. We took advantage of a mouse model of smoking exposure and public scRNAseq data. We found that AIM2 mRNA was expressed in both alveolar type II, B cells, T regulatory (Treg) and macrophages detected in the lung of non-smokers (n = 4) and smokers (n = 3). The activation of AIM2 in smoking mice by using PolydA:dT did not alter cigarette-smoke-induced alveoli enlargement and mucus production, rather it induced higher recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, such as non-active dendritic cells (DCs), Arginase I+ macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and Tregs. In addition, the inflammatory environment after AIM2 activation in smoking mice was characterized by higher levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-33, TNFα, LDH, IL-10 and TGFβ. This scenario was not altered after the pharmacological inhibition of both caspase-1 and STING pathway. In conclusion, these data suggest that chronic inflammation after cigarette smoke exposure is associated with AIM2 activation, which could lead towards cigarette smoke-associated lung diseases.
Plasma-Lyte 148 (approx. pH 7.4) IV Infusion intravenous fluid therapy will be used for all maintenance, replacement and resuscitation purposes from randomization onwards until 48 hours post-transplant, or until fluid therapy is no longer required, if earlier.
Diabetes mellitus is increasingly recognized among patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. At present, there are no unique guidelines for the management of diabetes in patients with HIV. Diabetes in this population is managed in accordance with national guidelines for the management of diabetes in any patient. However, there have been small studies suggesting that hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) may not be indicative of true glycemic control in HIV positive patients. There are currently no published prospective studies examining the ability of HbA1C to reflect glycemic control in HIV positive patients with diabetes. Since the incidence of HIV positive patients with lipodystrophy, glucose intolerance, and diabetes is steadily increasing with the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the question of how best to monitor hyperglycemia in these patients is an important one.

This study, a prospective cross-sectional study of 100 patients, seeks to collect preliminary data to determine if HbA1C is appropriately reflecting plasma glucose in HIV positive patients. Patients with HIV and diabetes or hyperglycemia will have a fasting and a random plasma glucose and HbA1C collected as in normal diabetes patient care. They will also have two validated alternate markers of glycemic control drawn, fructosamine and Glycomark \[R\], to determine how well these markers may reflect actual glycemia. Fructosamine represents a measure of protein glycosylation whereas Glycomark \[R\] is a monosaccharide in plasma competitively inhibited in the renal tubules by glucose that reflects day-to-day hyperglycemia. In addition, hemolysis will be assessed to investigate this as one potential mechanism for why HbA1C may be a less accurate representation of glycemia in these patients. The determination of the value of HbA1C as a marker of glycemia in HIV positive patients with diabetes will assist with the monitoring and the management of this unique population with diabetes. The measurement of other glycemic markers may provide evidence towards potential superior markers of glycemia in these patients, and the study will provide insight into the possible mechanism of the HbA1C discrepancy.
The present invention provides an immunity inducer and an immunity inducing method using same. The immunity inducer has an immunopotentiation effect on any target oligosaccharide antigen, in particular oligosaccharide antigens included in mammal-derived glycoprotein N-linked sugar chains; is capable of providing a monoclonal antibody having high specificity to and affinity with target oligosaccharide antigens; and has as an effective component thereof a glycolipid including a target oligosaccharide antigen (R) and indicated by general formula (2), or a salt thereof. General formula (2): R—Z—Y—CH(NH—CO—(CH2)n1—CH3)—CH2)n2—CH3 (in the formula, R indicates a straight-chain or branched oligosaccharide comprising 2-30 of at least one type of monosaccharide. Z indicates a single bond, O, S or NH, a linker bound to thiomethyl, amino methylated sugar alcohol. Y indicates —(CH2)m—. n1 indicates an integer of 2-40, n2 indicates an integer of 1-27, and m indicates an integer of 1-30).
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an inflammatory neutrophilic dermatosis with variable clinical features. The classic presentation is an ulceration with an erythematous to violaceous undermined border. Extracutaneous manifestations may occur. Associated systemic diseases include inflammatory bowel disease, inflammatory arthritides, and hematologic disorders. The pathophysiologic mechanism of disease is not completely known but likely related to the cumulative impact of inflammation, immune-mediated neutrophilic dysfunction, and genetic predisposition. Incidence is between 3 and 10 people per million but may be greater due to under recognition. In this article, we will discuss the diagnostic criteria, disease subtypes, systemic associations, and workup.
Agglomerated material forming a water-insoluble dental polishing agent consists of visible, palpable water insoluble particles, which are easily transformed, under a moderate mechanical action, into individual particles of polishing agent, which are fine, invisible and impalpable. The particles of the agglomerated material pref. have a size of 420-840 microns. The polishing agent pref. consists of dicalcium phosphate, sodium metaphosphate, calcium carbonate, or hydrated alumina. The agglomerated material pref. contains a bonding agent, pref. polyethylene glycol or gum accacia. The agglomerated material may also contain a lubricant.
The proposed research consists of three phases. The first phase will be a cross-sectional survey with a sample of 1,000 cases from 60 nurseries cum kindergartens to explore the family demographics and developmental profiles of low-income children in comparison to others. The second phase will be a randomized control trail implementing a 24-month internet-based intervention with 200 toddler-parents dyads from 20 to 30 of the original 60 nurseries. Interventions will be delivered by older mentors professionally trained by the research team. All children, parents and elderly mentors will be evaluated through a set of outcome measurements to assess the effectiveness of the program. The last phase will involve the dissemination of research information that may become building blocks for policies on internet-based early childhood education, poverty alleviation and social mobility enhancement, as well as productive aging.
For the patients with cT1N0M0 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), surgical resection of primary lesion is the preferred treatment. However, there are still debates on the neck management, some surgeons suggest elective neck dissection (END), and some surgeons suggest neck observation (NOB). The advantage of elective neck dissection is to clear the potential occult neck lymph node metastasis (about 15%), which could not be detected by clinical examination and imaging examination, and the disadvantage of END is to cause neck deformity, large scars, stiff neck and shoulders, difficulty in raising shoulders, and increase medical costs. The disadvantage of NOB is the risk of lymph node metastasis and disease progression. However, recent retrospective studies show that END has no potential benefit in improving survival in cT1N0M0 patients. The aim of the present trial is to compare the clinical outcomes between the cT1N0M0 OSCC patients, who receive primary lesion resection combined with elective neck dissection or primary lesion resection only, on the aspects of 2-year lymph node metastasis rate, disease-free survival, overall survival, and health-related quality of life. A total number of 300 patients will be recruited, including 150 patients in the experimental arm and 150 patients in the control arm. Experimental arm: radical resection of the primary lesion only, with neck observation, the safety margins of the primary lesion are 1.0-1.5cm far away from the palpable margins of the lesion. Control arm: radical resection of the primary lesion with 1.0-1.5cm safety margins, and elective neck dissection. A complete medical history will be obtained and tumor assessment will be performed at baseline. Patients will be followed-up by every three months in the first 2 years, every six months in the next 3-5 years, and once a year thereafter until death or data censoring. Two-year lymph node metastasis rate, disease-free survival, overall survival, and health-related quality of life will be collected and analyzed.
Diabetic kidney disease is the current leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the world. Despite all efforts to control this disease, rates of CKD progression are still high and a significant number of patients will ultimately need renal replacement therapy. Pharmacological blockade of renin-angiotensin system is one of the key elements of CKD secondary prevention, and ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor 1 blocker (ARB)can be used for this purpose. However, it is still not clear if dual blockade (ACEi and ARBs simultaneously)is superior to monotherapy with ACE inhibitors or ARBs. A recent trial has suggested that dual blockade is superior to monotherapy in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease. The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effect of combination therapy compared to ACE inhibitors alone in type 2 diabetic patients with macroalbuminuric diabetic nephropathy.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the relative bioavailability and therefore the bioequivalence of a test formulation of Lovastatin tablets to an equivalent dose of Mevacor® tablets after a single oral dose administered under fed conditions.

Fifty-four healthy, light/non/or ex-smoking, non-obese, male volunteers at least 18 years of age will be randomly assigned in a crossover fashion to receive each of two Lovastatin dosing regimens in sequence with a 7 day washout period between dosing periods. On the morning of Day 1, after an overnight fast of at least 10 hours, subjects will receive a standardized high-fat, high-calorie meal 30 minutes before drug administration. Thirty minutes after the start of the breakfast, a single oral dose of either the test formulation, Lovastatin (1 x 40 mg tablet), or a single oral dose of the reference formulation, Mevacor® (1 x 40 mg tablet) will be administered. After a 7 day washout period, on the morning of Day 8, following an overnight fast of at least 10 hours and 30 minutes after the start of a standardized high-fat, high-calorie meal, subjects will receive the alternate regimen. Blood samples will be drawn from all participants before dosing and for 24 hours post-dose on a confined basis at times sufficient to adequately define the pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin. Blood sampling will then continue on a non-confined basis at 36 and 48 hours post-dose. A further goal of this study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of this regimen in healthy volunteers. Subjects will be monitored throughout the confinement portion of the study for adverse reactions to the study drug and/or procedures. Vital signs will be monitored if judged necessary by the physician in charge. All adverse events whether elicited by query, spontaneously reported, or observed by clinic staff will be evaluated by the Investigator and reported in the subject's case report form.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the current epidemiology, clinical profile, and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) using a nationwide survey in Japan.
METHODS: We conducted a nationwide survey using an epidemiologic method established in 2021. Questionnaire sheets were sent to the hospital departments of neurology and pediatric neurology throughout Japan. A primary questionnaire was used to determine the number of patients and their prevalence, and a second questionnaire was used to collect detailed clinical information.
RESULTS: The primary survey showed that the estimated number of patients with CIDP was 4,180, with a prevalence of 3.3 per 100,000 persons. In the secondary survey, detailed clinical data were available for 1,257 patients. The male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1, and the median age at onset was 52 years. Typical CIDP was the most frequent subtype (52%), followed by distal (17%) and multifocal/focal CIDP (17%). Initial treatments included immunoglobulin therapy (72%), corticosteroids (15%), and others (13%). Among patients with CIDP, 78% had a progressive/relapsing course, 14% did not respond to first-line treatments, and 18% could not walk independently at the last visit. Among the subtypes, typical CIDP had the most severe disability before treatment (44% of patients could not walk independently). However, they showed a more favorable response to treatment than those with distal or multifocal CIDP. In the subgroup analyses, logistic regression analyses showed that younger age at onset, no muscle atrophy, and abnormal median-normal sural sensory nerve responses were associated with a higher probability of independent walking.
DISCUSSION: Our study represents the largest cohort study on CIDP to demonstrate the current epidemiologic and clinical status of CIDP in Japan. Clinical subtypes seem to be associated with different treatment responses and outcomes; therefore, an appropriate treatment strategy according to the pathophysiology of each subtype is required to improve the prognosis of CIDP.
Couple-Based Hatha Yoga Program: 5-6 weeks of a yoga program, three sessions per week (up to 15 sessions) during radiation treatment. At fifth session, CD given for practicing yoga at home. 10 questionnaires completed before first radiation treatment, each week during radiation, 5 questionnaires halfway through radiation treatment schedule. at radiation treatment completion, and again 3 months later. Saliva samples to measure the level of cortisol collected at baseline visit, at end of treatment, and 3 months after radiation therapy. 6-minute walk test performed at baseline, at the end of radiation therapy, and 3 months after radiation therapy.
Young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) are a critically at-risk population in the United States and Atlanta that faces extremely high incidence rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The understanding of what places this group of men at high risk is incomplete, and the role of substances in amplifying that risk is unclear. This study will fill a number of gaps about how substances and partnerships place YBMSM at increased HIV risk. The study includes several innovative aspects. First, the investigators are using a theoretical framework to understand multilevel associations between substance use and HIV risk behavior in YBMSM in the southeastern United States, a critically at-risk but understudied population. Second, the investigators are using a variety of enhanced measurement methods to understand these associations. The investigators are supplementing self-reported substance use with objective measures to enhance the sensitivity of classifying recent use. The investigators will analyze incident HIV/STI endpoints in addition to self-reported sexual behaviors. The investigators will use detailed, event-based and dyadic measures of substance use and its covariates, which will capture both sexual and non-sexual contexts of use. Although previous cohort studies have explored alcohol and drug use during sexual events among men who have sex with men (MSM), few studies have described both sexual and non-sexual patterns of, and motivations for, substance use among YBMSM, and none have incorporated longitudinal biomarkers of substance use and related these to incident infection outcomes. Finally, the investigators are using a mixed-methods approach to provide context to the quantitative findings. By recruiting subjects to a nested qualitative study within the larger cohort based on their interval-specific risks, the investigators will gain in-depth information regarding the emergence, persistence, and resolution of these complex relationships between substances and sexual risk behaviors among YBMSM and how these relationships emerge and are resolved over time.
Meta-analyses have shown modest positive associations between diabetes mellitus (DM) and bladder cancer risk, but results are heterogeneous. This might be due to lack of distinction between bladder cancer subtypes, between sexes, and possibly between Type 2 and Type 1 DM (T2DM and T1DM). The relationship of T2DM (and secondarily T1DM) characteristics with risk of bladder cancer subtypes (invasive versus noninvasive) was investigated in the Netherlands Cohort Study. In 1986, 120,852 men and women aged 55-69 years provided information on DM and lifestyle data. After 20.3 years of follow-up, multivariable case-cohort analyses were based on 1020 invasive and 1088 noninvasive bladder cancer cases, and 4267 subcohort members with complete data on DM and confounders. While T2DM was not associated with noninvasive bladder cancer, it was statistically significantly associated with invasive bladder cancer risk: the multivariable-adjusted was HR = 1.57 (95% CI 1.04-2.37), comparing participants with T2DM versus without DM. The association was only significant in women, and women showed a stronger association [HR = 2.19 (95% CI 1.10-4.34)] between T2DM and invasive bladder cancer than men [HR = 1.42 (95% CI 0.88-2.30)]; interaction by sex was nonsignificant. Associations were stronger positive in those whose age at diagnosis of T2DM was 55+ years, and in those diagnosed with T2DM less than five years before baseline. T2DM participants using antidiabetic medication had higher invasive bladder cancer risk than those without DM. Exploratory age-sex-adjusted analyses suggested a positive association between T1DM and invasive bladder cancer, but this was based on few cases. These findings suggest that T2DM and possibly T1DM are positively associated with invasive bladder cancer risk.
Surgery is pivotal in treating esophageal cancer; hybrid esophagectomy, which combines minimally invasive and open techniques, shows promising outcomes. This historical cohort study compared the surgical outcomes of standard open esophagectomy with hybrid esophagectomy. Overall, 58 patients who underwent either hybrid or open esophagectomy at the Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Oncology Clinic, Russia, from January 2015 to December 2023 were included. Data on demographics, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. The primary measures were overall complications and anastomotic leakage rates. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi square test and t test via StatTech software (version 2.8.8). The number of removed lymph nodes was higher in the hybrid group (24±9) than in the open group (15±7) (P<0.001). In addition, the hybrid esophagectomy group showed significant reductions in operational time and blood loss (P<0.001 and P=0.014, respectively). The need for blood transfusion was higher in the open esophagectomy group (P=0.043). The postoperative length of stay in the hospital did not differ significantly between the two groups (open=20±8 days, hybrid=17±7 days, P=0.178). Cardiac complications were more frequent after an open esophagectomy (P=0.044). Hybrid esophagectomy reduced postoperative cardiac complications and other adverse events while maintaining satisfactory oncological outcomes. It had advantages over standard open esophagectomy in terms of lymphadenectomy, operative time, blood loss, and transfusion requirements, suggesting its efficacy for esophageal cancer patients.