anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Ophiocordyceps sinensis (O. sinensis) is the dominant bacterium in the asexual stage of Chinese cordyceps, and its growth usually suffers from water stress. Thus, simulating its ecological growth environment is crucial for artificial cultivation. This study aimed to reveal the mechanism underlying the water stress tolerance of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (O. sinensis) by combining metabolomic and transcriptome analyses to identify crucial pathways related to differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites (DEMs) involved in the response to water stress.
RESULTS: Gene coexpression analysis revealed that many genes related to 'betalain biosynthesis', 'tyrosine metabolism', 'linoleic acid metabolism', 'fructose and mannose metabolism', and 'starch and sucrose metabolism' were highly upregulated after 20d-water stress. Metabolomic analysis revealed that many metabolites regulated by these genes in these metabolic pathways were markedly decreased. On the one hand, we surmised that carbohydrate metabolism and the β-oxidation pathway worked cooperatively to generate enough acyl-CoA and then entered the TCA cycle to provide energy when exposed to water stress. On the other hand, the betalain biosynthesis and tyrosine metabolism pathway might play crucial roles in response to water stress in O. sinensis by enhancing cell osmotic potential and producing osmoregulatory substances (betaine) and antioxidant pigments (eumelanin).
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our findings provide important information for further exploration of the mechanism underlying the water stress tolerance of O. sinensis for the industrialization of artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps.
BACKGROUND: Colon cancer, a frequently encountered malignancy, exhibits a comparatively poor survival prognosis. Perineural invasion (PNI), highly correlated with tumor progression and metastasis, is a substantial effective predictor of stage II-III colon cancer. Nonetheless, the lack of effective and facile predictive methodologies for detecting PNI prior operation in colon cancer remains a persistent challenge.
METHOD: Pre-operative computer tomography (CT) images and clinical data of patients diagnosed with stage II-III colon cancer between January 2015 and December 2023 were obtained from two sub-districts of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital (SYSUMH). The LASSO/RF/PCA filters were used to screen radiomics features and LR/SVM models were utilized to construct radiomics model. A comprehensive model, shown as nomogram finally, combining with radiomics score and significant clinical features were developed and validated by area under the curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA).
RESULT: The total cohort, comprising 426 individuals, was randomly divided into a development cohort and a validation cohort as a 7:3 ratio. Radiomics scores were extracted from LASSO-SVM models with AUC of 0.898/0.726 in the development and validation cohorts, respectively. Significant clinical features (CA199, CA125, T-stage, and N-stage) were used to establish combining model with radiomics scores. The combined model exhibited superior reliability compared to single radiomics model in AUC value (0.792 vs. 0.726, p = 0.003) in validation cohorts. The radiomics-clinical model demonstrated an AUC of 0.918/0.792, a sensitivity of 0.907/0.813 and a specificity of 0.804/0.716 in the development and validation cohorts, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The study developed and validated a predictive nomogram model combining radiomics scores and clinical features, and showed good performance in predicting PNI pre-operation in stage II-III colon cancer patients.
Stabilizing catheters for delivery of one or more protein drugs to a patient. The stabilizing catheter embodiments of the invention maintain or preserve a biologically/pharmacologically active form of the protein drug for delivery to a site within the body. Particular embodiments include a tubing layered with a hydrophilic and mobile polymer that aids in the maintenance or preservation of an active conformer of the protein drug. These embodiments of the stabilizing catheter prevent site loss of protein drugs, such as insulin. Other embodiments include a tubing that is layered with a material that substantially prevents diffusion of small, insulin formulation-stabilizing molecules out from the catheter, as well as substantially prevents the diffusion of small, insulin formulation-destabilizing molecules into the catheter, during a period of insulin infusion. In effect, these embodiments of the stabilizing catheter maintain the stabilizing effect of a particular insulin formulation, and consequently, substantially prevents occlusions/deposits from being formed during a period set for insulin delivery. Still other embodiments are directed to a combination of these features of the stabilizing catheters of the invention.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pediatric obesity and comorbidities related to insulin resistance continue to be a growing public health crisis. If lifestyle measures are unsuccessful, pharmacological and surgical interventions are offered. In this paper, we describe the driving force of the obesity crisis: hyperinsulinemia and the development of insulin resistance. We give historical background of key policy issues which have contributed to this pandemic as well as the physiologic mechanisms of insulin resistance. The prevalence of obesity will continue to rise unless the root cause of hyperinsulinemia is addressed.
RECENT FINDINGS: Current research on insulin resistance demonstrates that a decreased consumption of carbohydrates is an effective first-line dietary intervention for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Evidence shows it is safe and beneficial. A low-carbohydrate eating pattern can be helpful to address pediatric obesity. However, there must be policy guardrails in place to ensure that this is a sustainable and viable option for children and their families. There must be a change in the nutritional environment to help individuals battle the chronic disease of obesity.
Participants in the partially supported arm will receive all aspects of the intervention described above, with no differences between arms for the first seven weeks of the intervention (Modules 1-6). Participants will be introduced to their study therapist in week 8, at the start of Module 7 via email. During Module 7 (exposure; weeks 8-11), participants will receive four video therapy sessions. Session content will be based on principles of exposure therapy (developing a personalized exposure hierarchy, live demonstrations of exposure exercises, in-session exposure practices, post-exposure processing, home practice assignments, and therapist feedback).
Mammary-type tissue in the vulva was first described in 1872 but has been rarely reported in the literature. This tissue was previously considered as ectopic breast tissue that occurs as a result of incomplete regression of the milk line. Similar to native breast tissue, ectopic mammary tissue is hormone-sensitive and can develop benign changes, such as fibroadenoma, as well as malignant changes. A more recent theory suggests that these benign and malignant mammary-type entities arise from mammary-like anogenital glands, which constitute normal vulvar components. We report a case of a 41-year-old woman who presented with a chronic asymptomatic cyst on the left vulva that eventually became uncomfortable, especially on standing. The cyst was located on the labium minus, measuring 1.0 × 0.5 cm, with no identified erythema or other skin abnormalities. Excision of the lesion and subsequent microscopic examination showed a circumscribed mass with a nodular overgrowth of epithelial and stromal components, resembling a mammary fibroadenoma with pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia. We bring to attention this rare diagnosis and the importance of considering it in the presence of a vulvar lesion. The malignant and recurrence potential of mammary-type tissue necessitates excision with clear margins and close monitoring of these patients.
BACKGROUND: High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are spontaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) events that occur within the frequency range of 80 to 500 Hz and consist of at least four distinct oscillations that stand out from the background activity. They can be further classified into "ripples" (80-250 Hz) and "fast ripples" (FR; 250-500 Hz) based on different frequency bands. Studies have indicated that HFOs may serve as important markers for identifying epileptogenic regions and networks in patients with refractory epilepsy. Furthermore, a higher extent of removal of brain regions generating HFOs could potentially lead to improved prognosis. However, the clinical application criteria for HFOs remain controversial, and the results from different research groups exhibit inconsistencies. Given this controversy, the aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to explore the utility of HFOs in predicting postoperative seizure outcomes by examining the prognosis of refractory epilepsy patients with varying ratios of HFO removal.
METHODS: Prospective and retrospective studies that analyzed HFOs and postoperative seizure outcomes in epilepsy patients who underwent resective surgery were included in the meta-analysis. The patients in these studies were grouped based on the ratio of HFOs removed, resulting in four groups: completely removed FR (C-FR), completely removed ripples (C-Ripples), mostly removed FR (P-FR), and partial ripples removal (P-Ripples). The prognosis of patients within each group was compared to investigate the correlation between the ratio of HFO removal and patient prognosis.
RESULTS: A total of nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The prognosis of patients in the C-FR group was significantly better than that of patients with incomplete FR removal (odds ratio [OR] = 6.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.10-14.15; p < 0.00001). Similarly, patients in the C-Ripples group had a more favorable prognosis compared with those with incomplete ripples removal (OR = 4.45; 95% CI: 1.33-14.89; p = 0.02). Patients in the P-FR group had better prognosis than those with a majority of FR remaining untouched (OR = 6.23; 95% CI: 2.04-19.06; p = 0.001). In the P-Ripples group, the prognosis of patients with a majority of ripples removed was superior to that of patients with a majority of ripples remaining untouched (OR = 8.14; 95% CI: 2.62-25.33; p = 0.0003).
CONCLUSIONS: There is a positive correlation between the greater removal of brain regions generating HFOs and more favorable postoperative seizure outcomes. However, further investigations, particularly through clinical trials, are necessary to justify the clinical application of HFOs in guiding epilepsy surgery.
PURPOSE: The study of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) enables sequential analysis of tumor cell-specific genetic alterations in patients with neuroblastoma.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Eighteen patients with relapsing neuroblastoma having received lorlatinib, a third-generation ALK inhibitor, were identified (SACHA national registry and/or in the institution). cfDNA was analyzed at relapse for nine patients and sequentially for five patients (blood/bone marrow plasma) by performing whole-genome sequencing library construction followed by ALK-targeted ddPCR of the hotspot mutations [F1174L, R1275Q, and I1170N; variant allele fraction (VAF) detection limit 0.1%] and whole-exome sequencing (WES) to evaluate disease burden and clonal evolution, following comparison with tumor/germline WES.
RESULTS: Overall response rate to lorlatinib was 33% (CI, 13%-59%), with response observed in 6/10 cases without versus 0/8 cases with MYCN amplification (MNA). ALK VAFs correlated with the overall clinical disease status, with a VAF < 0.1% in clinical remission, versus higher VAFs (>30%) at progression. Importantly, sequential ALK ddPCR detected relapse earlier than clinical imaging. cfDNA WES revealed new SNVs, not seen in the primary tumor, in all instances of disease progression after lorlatinib treatment, indicating clonal evolution, including alterations in genes linked to tumor aggressivity (TP53) or novel targets (EGFR). Gene pathway analysis revealed an enrichment for genes targeting cell differentiation in emerging clones, and cell adhesion in persistent clones. Evidence of clonal hematopoiesis could be observed in follow-up samples.
CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate the clinical utility of combining ALK cfDNA ddPCR for disease monitoring and cfDNA WES for the study of clonal evolution and resistance mechanisms in patients with neuroblastoma receiving ALK-targeted therapy.
The pathogenesis of Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) involves several forms of cell death, such as pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, which consist of PANoptosis. To explore PANoptosis as a regulated cell death pathway in ACLF. Firstly, a bioinformatic strategy was used to observe the role of the PANoptosis pathway in ACLF and identify differentially expressed genes related to PANoptosis. Enrichment analysis showed that PANoptosis-related pathways were up-regulated in ACLF. We screened out BAX from the intersection of pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and DEGs. Secondly, we screened articles from literature databases related to PANoptosis and liver failure, and specific forms of PANoptosis were reported in different experimental models in vitro and in vivo. Secondly, we established a model of ACLF using carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis, followed by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide joint acute attacks. A substantial release of inflammatory factors(IL-6, IL-18, TNFα, and IFNγ) and the key proteins of PANoptosis (NLRP3, CASP1, GSDMD, BAX, CASP8, CASP3, CASP7, and MLKL) were detected independently in the ACLF rats. Finally, we found that combining TNF-α/INF-γ inflammatory cytokines could induce L02 cells PANoptosis. Our study highlighted the potential role of ACLF and helps drug discovery targeting PANoptosis in the future.
Caretakers of children 6-59 months old living in communities assigned to the intervention arm will be trained to detect malnutrition using MUAC on their children weekly. Caretakers living in communities assigned to the intervention will also receive usual standard of care.
Objective While studies have documented how metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) can contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD), whether MASLD is associated with myocardial infarction (MI) remains debateable. Herein, we systematically reviewed published articles and performed a meta-analysis to determine the relationship between MASLD and MI risk.Methods PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, VIP, and WanFang databases were searched, and the DerSimonian Laird method was used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) for binary variables to assess the correlation between MASLD and MI risk. Subgroup analyses for the study region, MASLD diagnosis, quality score, study design, and follow-up time were conducted simultaneously for the selected studies retrieved from the time of database establishment to March 2022. All study procedures were independently conducted by two investigators.Results The final analysis included seven articles, including eight prospective and two retrospective cohort studies. The MI risk was higher among MASLD patients than among non-MASLD patients (HR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.08-1.47, p = 0.003). The results of the subgroup analysis of the study region revealed an association of MASLD with MI risk among Americans and Asians, but not in Europeans. Subgroup analyses of MASLD diagnosis showed that ultrasonography and other (fatty liver index[FLI] and computed tomography [CT)]) diagnostic methods, but not international classification of disease (ICD), increased the risk of MI. Subgroup analysis of the study design demonstrated a stronger relationship between MASLD and MI in retrospective studies but not in prospective studies. Subgroup analysis based on the follow-up duration revealed the association of MASLD with MI risk in cases with < 3 years of follow-up but not with ≥3 years of follow-up.Conclusion MASLD increases the risk of MI, independent of traditional risk factors.
The present disclosure provides a sunblock liposome prepared by the following steps. A first solution is provided, wherein the first solution is used as a water phase and includes resveratrol and at least one sunscreen. A second solution is provided, wherein the second solution is used as an oil phase and includes lecithin and cholesterol, wherein the lecithin and the surfactant are contained in a weight percentage of 10:1 to 30:1. A water-in-oil emulsification is performed, wherein the water-in-oil emulsification is for mixing the first solution and the second solution so as to obtain an emulsion. A homogenization step is performed, wherein the homogenization step is for homogenizing the emulsion so as to obtain the sunblock liposome. Therefore, the sunblock liposome can increase effectiveness of sunscreen and reduce the amount of chemical sunscreen, so that the sunblock liposome has a marketing potential in the related fields.
The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for managing a medical supply chain. According to one aspect, a remote medical management environment can include a medical management system intermediary to a plurality of patients and a plurality of medical care providers. The medical management system can communicate with medical dispensing devices configured to dispense medication to patients. Further, the medical management system can communicate with provider devices through which medical care providers can provide information regarding services provided to users or instructions associated with medication use. The medical management system can detect medication supply events based on information communicated by the medical dispensing devices and/or provider devices or based on information stored at the medical management system. Upon detecting a supply/refill event, the medical management system can initiate a supply refill process for supplying medication or medical device(s) to a patient.
A method for providing recommendations to a user based on user activity, where the user activity data encompasses health and medical data for the user. The activity data including the health and medical data is recorded on a transportable recordable medium (TRM) that can be a component of any type of user device. The activity data is transferred by the user device to a profiler across a network, where the profiler stores a user controlled profile that includes the activity data sent by the user device. The activity data is processed to identify a plurality of user patterns. Health related suggestions specific to the user based on the user patterns are then created for and provided to the user by the profiler. The health related suggestions are received by the user device from the profiler and made accessible to the user.
Participants will receive single dose of Reference drug (Gonal-f/Luveris injection) on Day 1 in investigation period 1 followed by Test 1 drug (Pergoveris FD) on Day 1 in investigation period 2 followed by Test 2 drug (Pergoveris Liquid) on Day 1 in investigation period 3. A washout period of 6 days will be maintained between period 1 and 2 and washout period of 17 days will be maintained between period 2 and 3.
PURPOSE:To provide the subject novel compound having an activity to inhibit the growth of tumor cells, and useful as a cancer-treating agent. CONSTITUTION:This is a compound of the formula (R is H, lower alkyl) or its salt. The compound of the formula wherein R is H is obtained by inoculating the genus Streptomyces microorganism, Streptomyces S.P. A 39891 strain or its variant, on a medium containing nutritive sources for actinomycetes, culturing the microorganism e.g. by a shaking culture method or a submerged aeration agitation culture method at a temperature of 27-37 deg.C at a pH of 4-8 for 72-360hrs, filtering the culture solution, extracting the obtained cells with an organic solvent such as methanol or acetone, subjecting the obtained crude extract to a water-ethyl acetate distribution treatment, distilling off the ethyl acetate, and subsequently isolating and purifying the residues by silica gel chromatography, get filtration and further reversed column chromatography. The compound of the formula wherein R is CH3 is obtained by methylating with a methylating agent the compound of the formula wherein R is H, and subsequently purifying the methylated product.
BACKGROUND: In Thailand, there is a rapidly increasing population of older persons living with hemodialysis (OPLWH) for whom quality of life and clinical outcomes are their main focus. This study aims to assess the feasibility of an integrated home telehealth model on quality of life and laboratory parameters of OPLWH.
METHODS: In this study, the second phase of a mixed methods exploratory sequential design was conducted using a repeated measures experimental design. Participants met the inclusion criteria, which included being an OPLWH at a single hemodialysis center of one hospital in Chiang Mai province, Thailand, during the experimental period between 1 April and 30 September 2018, and willing to participate in the study. The 54 participants were purposively selected and randomly assigned to receive either an intervention (n = 24) consisting of health education and health monitoring using a telehealth device (an iPad) and a web application, or usual care (n = 30). The instruments included a demographic data form, which was analyzed using the chi-square test. The health-related quality of life questionnaire (the 9-item Thai Health Status Assessment questionnaire) and blood chemistry (BUN, Cr, Hb, Hct, Alb, K, Kt/V, and nPCR) were compared and measured at baseline, and at 3 and 6 months after enrolment using independent t-test and one-way repeated measures ANOVA.
RESULTS: The comparison of quality of life between the two groups at the two points of repeated measurement (after 3 months) showed a statistically significant difference in mental health scores at P < 0.05. Six months after the intervention, mean scores for health outcomes and patients' quality of life improved; however, this change did not reach statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS: An integrated home telehealth model implemented by a hemodialysis nurse is a feasible holistic care approach for OPLWH. However, the absence of statistical significance may partly be associated with the clinical characteristics of frailty and risk factors such as increased age, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, longer dialysis time, and inadequacy of Kt/V. Large-scale multi-centre trials are warranted to fully examine the acceptability of the model. The duration and long-term effects of the telehealth model are also recommended for further investigation.
PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The development of a home telehealth model was a collaborative process between patients, caregivers, healthcare professionals from the hemodialysis unit, and the research team.
This is a randomized, open-label, inpatient/outpatient, 3-period crossover study in healthy subjects.The study will consist of 3 treatment periods. In treatment period 1, subjects will be randomly assigned on study day 1. A single 60-mg dose of codeine will be administered to all subjects. In periods 2 and 3, subjects will receive either DVS SR 100 mg/day or paroxetine 20 mg/day until the steady state is reached. At steady state, subjects will receive codeine 60 mg concomitantly with either DVS SR 100 mg or paroxetine 20 mg, depending on the treatment sequence to which they are assigned. DVS SR 100 mg or paroxetine 20 mg administration will continue for an additional 2 days. In treatment period 3, subjects will receive the alternative treatment sequence.