anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: A scale for self-assessment of auditory verbal hallucinations (SAVH) was developed for patients, and this study aimed to validate the scale by investigating its psychometric properties.
METHODS: Forty one patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders (DSM-5) self-assessed their hallucinations using nine SAVH questions. Each question was scored from 0 to 5, indicating the severity of the symptoms. Patients were also evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS), and Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS). The psychometric properties of the SAVH were assessed by the face, internal consistency, construct, convergent and discriminant validities.
RESULTS: SAVH scores were used to examine the psychometric properties. Cronbach's α and Guttman's Lambda-6 were 0.67 and 0.73 respectively. Significant correlations were observed between SAVH and AHRS total scores, as well as BPRS hallucinatory behavior subscores. No significant correlations were found between total SAVH scores and (i) levels of insight or (ii) negative BPRS subscores. Factor analysis on SAVH revealed three factors accounting for 59.3 % of the variance. Most patients found the questions clear, appropriate, and of adequate length.
CONCLUSIONS: SAVH demonstrated good psychometric properties, suggesting its utility in assessing auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). This self-assessment could be valuable in evaluating AVH treatment efficacy, monitoring AVH, and empowering patients.
BACKGROUND: Membranous lupus nephritis (MLN) is a subepithelial immune deposition or its morphological sequelae with or without mesangial changes. Previous studies on the prognosis of MLN have shown relatively small sample sizes and short follow-up periods.
METHODS: Our study was a retrospective analysis of biopsy-proven MLN patients from January 2010 to January 2020 at Jinling Hospital in China. The clinical manifestations, pathological features, and renal outcomes of MLN patients were collected. The endpoint was defined as end-stage kidney disease (eGFR≤15 mL/min·1.73 m2 or need for renal replacement therapy) or a doubling of serum creatinine or an eGFR decline of more than 40%. We used Cox regression to analyze the risk factors for renal outcome and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze renal survival rate.
RESULTS: In the total of 2884 lupus patients, we screened 535 MLN patients. 456 MLN patients were recruited with an average age of 34 ± 12 years, 87.8% for female patients and 62.1% patients of nephrotic syndrome with proteinuria of 2.67 g/24h. After follow-up of 78 (IQR, 47.3-113.0) months, 37 (8.1%) patients reached the renal endpoint. The 5-year and 10-year renal survival rates were 95.8% and 89.4%, respectively. 370 patients (81.1%) achieved complete remission, 43 patients (9.4%) had partial remission, and only 43 had no response. 34.4% MLN experienced a relapse. The Cox regression showed the risk factors that affect the renal prognosis include male, hypertension history, anemia, high uric acid, acute kidney injury, and interstitial fibrosis in the renal pathology.
CONCLUSIONS: MLN mostly manifested as nephrotic syndrome, with few renal dysfunctions. Although MLN had a high relapse rate, most patients had a response to immunosuppressants and had a good renal outcome.
Drug: Oxygen (O2). Treatment: Usual treatment + Oxygen by rectal insufflation. O3/O2 concentration = 0 μg/ml (only O2); 40 sessions in 16 weeks.
An electronic record management system utilizes semi-structured documents that contain both authenticated partial texts created by an author and pointers to audio recordings that will be processed later by transcribers. The transcribed material is held in temporary storage until reviewed and approved by the author. When approved, the transcribed text may be combined with the original authenticated partial text to produce a final authenticated document. In addition, the record management system may further include a mechanism for assigning multiple context-dependent meanings to at least a portion of the information items included in a document. The record management system therefore allows a variety of encoding schemes to be automatically overlaid on each document. This creates opportunities to re-use the information for secondary purposes, such as preparing bills (such as Medicare bills) that must conform to arbitrary sets of rules.
Cladribine injection should be administered under the supervision of a qualified physician experienced in the use of antineoplastic therapy. Suppression of bone marrow function should be anticipated. This is usually reversible and appears to be dose dependent. Serious neurological toxicity (including irreversible paraparesis and quadraparesis) has been reported in patients who received cladribine injection by continuous infusion at high doses (4 to 9 times the recommended dose for Hairy Cell Leukemia). Neurologic toxicity appears to demonstrate a dose relationship; however, severe neurological toxicity has been reported rarely following treatment with standard cladribine dosing regimens.

Acute nephrotoxicity has been observed with high doses of cladribine (4 to 9 times the recommended dose for Hairy Cell Leukemia), especially when given concomitantly with other nephrotoxic agents/therapies.
Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer was pioneered by Charles Huggins, laureate of the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1966. The authors tried to understand the scientific context and how previous findings paved Huggins way to his discoveries. With the help of summary or review articles on androgen deprivation therapy, the authors identified key publications and used his Nobel Prize speech as a basis to understand his discoveries. Furthermore, they used a recording of the laboratory-talk interview he gave about his findings to guide them to relevant publications. The authors found that the basis for Huggins' discoveries was the isolation of testosterone in 1935, not long before Huggins' 1941 hallmark publication. Huggins' work follows major experiments in the 19th century in orchiectomy done as a treatment for prostate hypertrophy. Researching the etiology of idiopathic hydrocele, Huggins analyzed the composition of prostate fluid. Further research led to the discovery of the influence of castration, testosterone, and estrogen on acid phosphatase. Recently developed methods facilitated the measurement of the phosphatases. He, therefore, had a biomarker for metastatic prostate cancer to measure treatment response. Very early on, he reported clinical improvements after castration in metastatic patients. Although the effect of orchiectomy on prostate hypertrophy was already known, Huggins was the first to show that testosterone stimulated and estrogen decreased the activity of prostate cancer. Huggins also established phosphatases as a tumor marker to measure disease response.
On demand and localized treatment for excessive muscle tone after spinal cord injury (SCI) is currently not available. Here, we examine the reduction in leg hypertonus in a person with mid-thoracic, motor complete SCI using a commercial transcutaneous electrical stimulator (TES) applied at 50 or 150 Hz to the lower back and the possible mechanisms producing this bilateral reduction in leg tone. Hypertonus of knee extensors without and during TES, with both cathode (T11-L2) and anode (L3-L5) placed over the spinal column (midline, MID) or 10 cm to the left of midline (lateral, LAT) to only active underlying skin and muscle afferents, was simultaneously measured in both legs with the pendulum test. Spinal reflexes mediated by proprioceptive (H-reflex) and cutaneomuscular reflex (CMR) afferents were examined in the right leg opposite to the applied LAT TES. Hypertonus disappeared in both legs but only during thoracolumbar TES, and even during LAT TES. The marked reduction in tone was reflected in the greater distance both lower legs first dropped to after being released from a fully extended position, increasing by 172.8% and 94.2% during MID and LAT TES, respectively, compared with without TES. Both MID and LAT (left) TES increased H-reflexes but decreased the first burst, and lengthened the onset of subsequent bursts, in the cutaneomuscular reflex of the right leg. Thoracolumbar TES is a promising method to decrease leg hypertonus in chronic, motor complete SCI without activating spinal cord structures and may work by facilitating proprioceptive inputs that activate excitatory interneurons with bilateral projections that in turn recruit recurrent inhibitory neurons.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present proof of concept that surface stimulation of the lower back can reduce severe leg hypertonus in a participant with motor complete, thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) but only during the applied stimulation. We propose that activation of skin and muscle afferents from thoracolumbar transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) may recruit excitatory spinal interneurons with bilateral projections that in turn recruit recurrent inhibitory networks to provide on demand suppression of ongoing involuntary motoneuron activity.
To investigate and define the concept of perioperative sleep disturbance (PSD) among surgical patients, with the goal of aiding clinical practice and research. Walker and Avant's eight-step approach of concept analysis was applied. A systematic search of English literature was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL, with a time restriction from 2010 to August 2023. Based on the 54 eligible studies, the attributes of PSD in surgical patients were identified as individualized symptom manifestation, difficulty initiating and/or maintaining sleep, and altered sleep patterns. The antecedents included poor psychological state, inaccurate perception, surgery and/or anesthesia-related physiological changes, and environmental interference. PSD in surgical patients was found to result in physical discomfort, psychological disorder, impaired neurocognitive function, and prolonged recovery. A clearly defined and distinguishable concept of PSD in surgical patients was achieved through concept analysis, which provides a conceptual basis for future development in both clinical practice and related research.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting approximately up to 10 million people worldwide and with 60,000 new cases diagnosed annually in the U.S. alone. Some of the most common signs and symptoms in individuals with PD are slowed and small movements and difficulty in movement initiation. The ability to correct movements online in response to environmental changes is an important part of daily living. Online movement corrections in reaching refer to the ability to smoothly change how and where you reach in response to a change in the environment. For example, one can adjust the position of the hand and arm when trying to catch a butterfly flying in the air. Generally speaking, online movement corrections can happen in response to visual perturbations (e.g., trying to catch a butterfly) or to force perturbations (e.g., someone knocks your hand while you're holding a coffee mug). Since individuals with PD have trouble with movements, it stands to reason that they may have problems with online movement corrections. Surprisingly, very little is known about online movement corrections in individuals with PD. The current evidence suggests that individuals with PD can make online movement corrections to small visual perturbations, but whether they can successfully respond to large visual perturbations is debatable. Furthermore, whether individuals with PD can make online movement corrections to force perturbations has not been studied. The aim of this project is to investigate if individuals with PD can make online movement corrections during reaching to visual and/or force perturbations. We will test both individuals with PD and age-matched healthy controls. They will perform reaching movements while visual or force perturbations are applied. We will use various perturbation strengths in order to test for potential differences in responses to small and large perturbations. Results from this study will provide new information on how individuals with PD make online movement corrections, and possibly provide insight to improving rehabilitation for PD.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a highly safe body fat accumulation inhibitor derived from a plant.  <P>SOLUTION: The body fat accumulation inhibitor comprises a sprout of Brassica oleracea var. italica or an extract thereof. The sprout of the Brassica oleracea var. italica is preferably harvested on the third day after sprouting. A food and drink for inhibiting the body fat accumulation is obtained by formulating the body fat accumulation inhibitor. The accumulation of particularly visceral fat is inhibited by the body fat accumulation inhibitor. Since the sprout of the Brassica oleracea var. italica is an edible plant derived from the nature, the sprout is extremely safe without anxiety about adverse effects etc., even when ingested in a large amount every day.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
The invention discloses a bioadhesion slow-release gel preparation for oral administration. The bioadhesion slow-release gel preparation for oral administration comprises, by weight, 100 parts of water and 0.1-10 parts of matrine, 0.1-10 parts of a bioadhesion gel matrix. The invention also provides a preparation method of the gel preparation. The gel preparation provided by the invention has good bioadhesion and slow release effect. The gel preparation is adhered to oral mucosa and slowly releases active ingredients. Then, the active ingredients continuously act on drug administration parts so as to accelerate healing of oral ulcer surfaces. The gel preparation also has good biocompatibility and high comfortableness. Patients easily accept the gel preparation.
Unscheduled Bleeding and Spotting

Females using Portia may experience unscheduled (breakthrough or intracyclic) bleeding and spotting, especially during the first three months of use. Bleeding irregularities may resolve over time or by changing to a different contraceptive product. If bleeding persists or occurs after previously regular cycles, evaluate for causes such as pregnancy or malignancy.

In two clinical trials of Portia (1084 subjects reporting for a total of 8186 treatment cycles and 238 subjects reporting for a total of 1102 treatment cycles), breakthrough bleeding occurred in 6.9% and 8.1% of reported cycles, and spotting occurred in 8.6% and 7.9% of reported cycles over the total study duration, respectively. In the two trials, intermenstrual bleeding (i.e., breakthrough bleeding and/or spotting) occurred in 13.1% and 12.9% of reported cycles over the total study duration, respectively. In one trial, 33 subjects out of 1084 (3.0%) discontinued due to bleeding irregularities (i.e., breakthrough bleeding and spotting); in the other trial, 6 subjects out of 238 (2.5%) discontinued due to bleeding irregularities.

Amenorrhea and Oligomenorrhea

Females who use Portia may experience absence of scheduled (withdrawal) bleeding, even if they are not pregnant. In two clinical trials of Portia, one including 8186 reported treatment cycles, and the other including 1102 reported treatment cycles, amenorrhea occurred in 1.5% of treatment cycles in each trial.

If scheduled bleeding does not occur, consider the possibility of pregnancy. If the patient has not adhered to the prescribed dosing schedule (missed one or two active tablets or started taking them on a day later than she should have), consider the possibility of pregnancy at the time of the first missed period and perform appropriate diagnostic measures. If the patient has adhered to the prescribed dosing schedule and misses two consecutive periods, rule out pregnancy.

After discontinuation of a COC, amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea may occur, especially if these conditions were pre-existent.
A subgroup of these non-diabetic people are obesity patients who will have the bariatric surgery. These obese subjects will undergo a physical exam, cognitive and olfactory test as well as structural and functional brain fMRI at baseline and 6 months after their surgery.
PURPOSE: A system for a remote transmission of image/measurement information for a medical treatment is provided to supply real time data for a doctor in charge and authenticated persons by transmitting image/voice information such as a surgical operation scene photographed by a camera and measurement information collected in various kinds medical devices to a remote place and storing the information through a network and an Internet network utilizing a multimedia mini server. CONSTITUTION: An input unit converts protocols of a camera(12), a mike(16), and a medical measurement device(18) which are mounted in an operating room, a delivery room, etc. of various kinds of medical institutions adapted to each inherent communication method and distributes the camera(12), the mike(16), and the medical measurement device(18) properly. A multimedia server(30) generally manages the input unit, transmits monitoring signals in accordance with various kinds of state generations to a network, and includes a database for compressing/storing various kinds of collected information in real time. An output unit connects to the multimedia server(30) and receives corresponding information in real time. A communication network unit connects the multimedia server(30) to the output unit.
Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be administered with caution to patients with gastrointestinal obstructive disorders because of the risk of gastric retention [see Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.] . 

Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets, like other anticholinergic drugs, may decrease gastrointestinal motility and should be used with caution in patients with conditions such as ulcerative colitis and intestinal atony.

Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be used with caution in patients who have gastroesophageal reflux and/or who are concurrently taking drugs (such as bisphosphonates) that can cause or exacerbate esophagitis.

As with any other nondeformable material, caution should be used when administering oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets to patients with preexisting severe gastrointestinal narrowing (pathologic or iatrogenic). There have been rare reports of obstructive symptoms in patients with known strictures in association with the ingestion of other drugs in nondeformable controlled-release formulations.
BACKGROUND: There is insufficient evidence to guide the initial evaluation of hypothermic infants. We aimed to evaluate risk factors for serious bacterial infections (SBI) among hypothermic infants presenting to the emergency department (ED).
METHODS: We conducted a multicenter case-control study among hypothermic (rectal temperature <36.5°C) infants ≤90 days presenting to the ED who had a blood culture collected. Our outcome was SBI (bacteremia, bacterial meningitis, and/or urinary tract infection). We performed 1:2 matching. Historical, physical examination and laboratory covariables were determined based on the literature review from febrile and hypothermic infants and used logistic regression to identify candidate risk factors.
RESULTS: Among 934 included infants, 57 (6.1%) had an SBI. In univariable analyses, the following were associated with SBI: age > 21 days, fever at home or in the ED, leukocytosis, elevated absolute neutrophil count, thrombocytosis, and abnormal urinalysis. Prematurity, respiratory distress, and hypothermia at home were negatively associated with SBI. The full multivariable model exhibited a c-index of 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.88-0.94). One variable (abnormal urinalysis) was selected for a reduced model, which had a c-index of 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.75-0.89). In a sensitivity analysis among hypothermic infants without fever (n = 22 with SBI among 116 infants), leukocytosis, absolute neutrophil count, and abnormal urinalysis were associated with SBI.
CONCLUSIONS: Historical, examination, and laboratory data show potential as variables for risk stratification of hypothermic infants with concern for SBI. Larger studies are needed to definitively risk stratify this cohort, particularly for invasive bacterial infections.
Pregnant AGYW living with HIV (new, previously diagnosed, and transfers) receiving vertical HIV prevention services in routine healthcare centres acting as control facilities, between 01st January and 30th June 2026 and followed up for at least one year to 30th June 2027. No intervention is administered to this arm; participants will receive a standard of care for PMTCT services per Tanzania national guidelines.
Aqueous colloids are prepared by mixing two suspensions, for example pressed juices diluted with buffer solution, each of which contain amphiphilic and lipophilic constituents. A suitable rotor system (10,50) produces a moving film (24) of large surface area and a droplet aerosol (30), which are guided together (31) on the surface of a flowing (32) liquid ring (26) which also rotates. This entails the surface-active constituents of the suspensions each spreading on the surfaces of the moving film (24) and droplet aerosol (30), and they are, when guided together, converted into a liposome or membrane structure. The rotor system is stabilised so that operation in the entire range of speeds of rotation up to a high maximum is possible. Used for slowly spreading suspensions are a first portion for the moving film (24) and vessel fittings which permit slow settling of the droplet aerosol (30). This makes it possible to achieve the film pressure, which is necessary for mixing, on the surfaces of moving film (24) and droplet aerosol (30). A rapidly rotating spray disc produces fine droplets of uniform size which are braked by a countercurrent in the gas and guided (30, 31) by another gas circulation to the rotating liquid ring (26). <IMAGE>
Rituximab plus CHOP, six cycles. Rituximab: 375 mg/m2, IV, day 1 of each cycle; Cyclophosphamide: 750 mg/m2, IV, day 2 of each cycle; Doxorubicin: 50 mg/m2, IV, day 2 of each cycle; Vincristine: 1.4 mg/m2, up to a maximal dose of 2 mg, IV, day 2 of each cycle; Prednisone: 100 mg, po, day 2 to day 6 of each cycle.
NEW MATERIAL:A styrene derivative expressed by formula I (X is H or halogen; X' and X are the same or different halogen; R is H or lower alkyl; Y is carboxyl, carboxyl having H substituted by mono - trivalent metallic atom or carboxyl having organic amine added thereto, hydroxymethyl, carbamoyl or carbohydroxamly). EXAMPLE:2-[4-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)phenyl]propionic acid. USE:A medicine having anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic action. PREPARATION:A compound expressed by formula II (Z is carboxyl or nitrile) is converted into a diazonium salt, which is then reacted with a 1,1-dihalogenoethylene to give a compound expressed by formula III. The resultant compound expressed by formula III is treated with an alkali to afford the aimed compound expressed by formula I (Y is carboxyl group). In case the group Z is nitrile, the group Z is converted into the carboxyl group by hydrolysis.