anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: In Brazil, many individuals with tuberculosis (TB) do not receive appropriate care due to delayed or missed diagnosis, ineffective treatment regimens, or loss-to-follow-up. This study aimed to estimate the health losses and TB program costs attributable to each gap in the care cascade for TB disease in Brazil.
METHODS AND FINDINGS: We constructed a Markov model simulating the TB care cascade and lifetime health outcomes (e.g., death, cure, postinfectious sequelae) for individuals developing TB disease in Brazil. We stratified the model by age, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, drug resistance, state of residence, and disease severity, and developed a parallel model for individuals without TB that receive a false-positive TB diagnosis. Models were fit to data (adult and pediatric) from Brazil's Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and Mortality Information System (SIM) for 2018. Using these models, we assessed current program performance and simulated hypothetical scenarios that eliminated specific gaps in the care cascade, in order to quantify incremental health losses and TB diagnosis and treatment costs along the care cascade. TB-attributable disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated by comparing changes in survival and nonfatal disability to a no-TB counterfactual scenario. We estimated that 90.0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 85.2 to 93.4) of individuals with TB disease initiated treatment and 10.0% (95% UI: 7.6 to 12.5) died with TB. The average number of TB-attributable DALYs per incident TB case varied across Brazil, ranging from 2.9 (95% UI: 2.3 to 3.6) DALYs in Acre to 4.0 (95% UI: 3.3 to 4.7) DALYs in Rio Grande do Sul (national average 3.5 [95% UI: 2.8 to 4.1]). Delayed diagnosis contributed the largest health losses along the care cascade, followed by post-TB sequelae and loss to follow up from TB treatment, with TB DALYs reduced by 71% (95% UI: 65 to 76), 41% (95% UI: 36 to 49), and 10% (95% UI: 7 to 16), respectively, when these factors were eliminated. Total health system costs were largely unaffected by improvements in the care cascade, with elimination of treatment failure reducing attributable costs by 3.1% (95% UI: 1.5 to 5.4). TB diagnosis and treatment of false-positive individuals accounted for 10.2% (95% UI: 3.9 to 21.7) of total programmatic costs but contributed minimally to health losses. Several assumptions were required to interpret programmatic data for the analysis, and we were unable to estimate the contribution of social factors to care cascade outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we observed that delays to diagnosis, post-disease sequelae and treatment loss to follow-up were primary contributors to the TB burden of disease in Brazil. Reducing delays to diagnosis, improving healthcare after TB cure, and reducing treatment loss to follow-up should be prioritized to improve the burden of TB disease in Brazil.
INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, benign inflammatory breast disease. Corticosteroids and surgery are the primary treatment options, and a growing number of publications have shown the effectiveness of local steroid administration (intralesional injection and topical corticosteroids). However, less is known about the specific details and effects of this treatment approach. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to summarize the details and evaluate the efficacy of local steroid administration for IGM.
METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and SinoMed databases were systematically searched from inception to July 2023 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. The quality of the included studies was assessed, and meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to obtain the pooled effect sizes of the outcomes of interest.
RESULTS: Eight trials comprising 613 patients were included. Local steroid administration included intralesional injection and topical steroid ointment, and control groups were mainly given systemic therapy (oral steroid) and surgical treatment. The meta-analysis showed that local steroid administration had a significant effect on the response rate (risk ratio [RR] = 1.35, 95% CI = [1.14-1.59], P = 0.0004). The incidence of side effects was also lower than that of systemic treatment (RR = 0.24, 95% CI = [0.13-0.43], P<0.0001). There was no difference in the recurrence rate (RR = 0.8, 95% CI = [1.42-1.51], P = 0.48).
CONCLUSIONS: Local steroid administration can increase the RR and decrease the incidence of side effects for IGM patients. There is no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the local steroid administration group and the control group. Further studies are needed to identify the effect in different stages and among pregnant women.
This is a single-arm, prospective pilot study that will objectively assess outcomes in patients electively undergoing AFT for breast or chest wall reconstruction. Patients planning to undergo autologous fat transfer for breast or chest wall reconstruction will be enrolled prospectively. As this is a pilot study, the study team plans to enroll ten (10) patients to demonstrate the feasibility of the protocol and pathway as well as establish preliminary data for extramural funding. The research will include capturing 2-dimensional (2-D) and 3-dimensional (3-D) photographs as well as ultrasound (US) soft tissue assessments to determine volume retention and changes in the reconstructed area. Participants will undergo this imaging of their breast and chest wall and complete two questionnaires to evaluate patient satisfaction, quality of life, and late effects of radiation following fat grafting over a 12-month period, all standard of care. The 3D photographs and US are routinely used in practice but will be performed for research purposes in this study.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease is a potentially lethal health problem of older adults. New screening initiatives will identify many individuals with small (30 to 49 mm) AAAs for which there are currently no treatment options. Regular aerobic exercise might retard AAA disease progression, but the feasibility and acceptability of aerobic exercise in patients with AAA disease has yet to be established. This pilot study will examine the feasibility of supervised aerobic exercise and exercise advice-only in patients with small AAAs. A total of 60 volunteers will be recruited and randomly allocated to one of the two groups. Patients in the supervised exercise programme will be offered three supervised cycle ergometry/treadmill-walking sessions for a period of 12 weeks. The feasibility of each intervention will be assessed in terms of recruitment and compliance, attrition, changes in cardiopulmonary fitness and objective measures of free-living physical activity. Changes in aneurysm size and blood markers associated with disease progression will also be monitored and the impact of the interventions on health-related quality of life assessed using a questionnaire. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. We will also conduct focus groups at the end of the trial to obtain qualitative feedback from patients. The results of this study will inform the design of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial with longer-term follow-up of clinical end-points.
The comparison arm involves 'usual care' which in the study setting is the Tarang: Adolescence Education Programme comprising of 16 classroom sessions on process of growing-up, prevention of HIV/AIDS and other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), and prevention of substance and other drug abuse. This programme is delivered by a trained nodal teacher in the school over the academic year.
Promethazine and phenylephrine may cause marked drowsiness or may impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks, such as driving a vehicle or operating machinery. Ambulatory patients should be told to avoid engaging in such activities until it is known that they do not become drowsy or dizzy from promethazine and phenylephrine therapy. Children should be supervised to avoid potential harm in bike riding or in other hazardous activities.

The concomitant use of alcohol or other central nervous system depressants, including narcotic analgesics, sedatives, hypnotics, and tranquilizers, may have an additive effect and should be avoided or their dosage reduced.

Patients should be advised to report any involuntary muscle movements.

Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun.
FIELD: medicine. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention concerns medicine, namely dentistry, and can be used for microorganism control in oral cavity. That is ensured by introduction in the oral cavity of a composition that creates active particles under exposure to light, and then using of an electric tooth brush with a head comprising a light-emitting element. Said light-emitting element is located on a back surface of the tooth brush head, and its back surface contains one or more flanges. An output signal from the light-emitting element is directed to the part of oral soft tissues during a period of time sufficient to create active particles of said composition. ^ EFFECT: invention allows for effective oral care with simultaneous clearing and microorganism control. ^ 11 cl, 7 dwg
Diagnosis of RBD according to ICSD-3: 1) Sleep talking or complex movement during sleep. 2) Such movement was recorded by video PSG (AV-PSG) during REM sleep or according to history the movements were occurred during REM. 3) REM sleep without atonia (RWA) during PSG monitoring. 4) This abnormal phenomenon cannot be explained by other sleep disorder, psychiatric disease, drug or substance abuse.
OBJECTIVE: Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines recommend revascularization for patients with intermittent claudication (IC) if it can improve patient function and quality of life. However, it is still unclear if patients with IC achieve a significant functional benefit from surgery compared with medical management alone. This study examines the relationship between IC treatment modality (operative vs nonoperative optimal medical management) and patient-reported outcomes for physical function (PROMIS-PF) and satisfaction in social roles and activities (PROMIS-SA).
METHODS: We identified patients with IC who presented for index evaluation in a vascular surgery clinic at an academic medical center between 2016 and 2021. Patients were stratified based on whether they underwent a revascularization procedure during follow-up vs continued nonoperative management with medication and recommended exercise therapy. We used linear mixed-effect models to assess the relationship between treatment modality and PROMIS-PF, PROMIS-SA, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) over time, clustering among repeat patient observations. Models were adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Clinical Frailty Score, tobacco use, and index ABI.
RESULTS: A total of 225 patients with IC were identified, of which 40% (n = 89) underwent revascularization procedures (42% bypass; 58% peripheral vascular intervention) and 60% (n = 136) continued nonoperative management. Patients were followed up to 6.9 years, with an average follow-up of 5.2 ± 1.6 years. Patients who underwent revascularization were more likely to be clinically frail (P = .03), have a lower index ABI (0.55 ± 0.24 vs 0.72 ± 0.28; P < .001), and lower baseline PROMIS-PF score (36.72 ± 8.2 vs 40.40 ± 6.73; P = .01). There were no differences in patient demographics or medications between treatment groups. Examining patient-reported outcome trends over time; there were no significant differences in PROMIS-PF between groups, trends over time, or group differences over time after adjusting for covariates (P = .07, P = .13, and P =.08, respectively). However, all patients with IC significantly increased their PROMIS-SA over time (adjusted P = .019), with patients managed nonoperatively more likely to have an improvement in PROMIS-SA over time than those who underwent revascularization (adjusted P = .045).
CONCLUSIONS: Patient-reported outcomes associated with functional status and satisfaction in activities are similar for patients with IC for up to 7 years, irrespective of whether they undergo treatment with revascularization or continue nonoperative management. These findings support conservative long-term management for patients with IC.
The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer is primarily radiotherapy (+/- chemotherapy) followed by surgery. The reason for radiotherapy is to reduce the risk of recurrence after surgery or to shrink the tumour first so that when surgery is done all the cancer will be successfully removed otherwise some will be left behind to grow. More than 80% of patients require a stoma after their surgery, some get reversed by two years after surgery but a third has it lifelong. About 15% of patients after radiotherapy have no disease left (clinical complete response) and can be monitored closely after radiotherapy and will not need to have surgery or stoma. Surgery carries a risk of death and complications, having a stoma have a lot of complications and have an effect on patient's quality of life, most end up not going out much and withdraws from friends and family due to the risk of accidents in public places. This study is aimed at looking at ways to increase the number of patients that do not require surgery after radiotherapy by looking at the differences between those that responded well to radiotherapy and the ones that did not by comparing their diagnostic and treatment scans. The main question to answer is why some patients have complete response to radiotherapy and others don't. Is there a way to increase the number of these patients through changes in radiotherapy? The study will be looking at the diagnostic images and radiotherapy planning scans to compare these two groups. Is there a way of predicting who will respond to radiotherapy treatment? If there is, modifications could be made to the type of treatment given. This study will be looking to radiomics techniques to develop this. This retrospective study will only make use of scans that patients have already had for their diagnosis and treatment so no patient intervention is required. Patients will be recruited using the clinical and research database of the Christie hospital which is the largest cancer centre in the UK. The study is funded by the charitable fund of the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.
PURPOSE:To obtain an air-permeable pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet with excellent air permeability an uniformity on air permeability by specifying the range of the max. particle diameter and that of the average particle diameter of water particle in air before adhering to the surface of a layer of a soln. of a pressure- sensitive adhesive. CONSTITUTION:In a method for manufacturing an air-permeable pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet wherein the surface of a release sheet 10 is coated with an org. solvent soln. of a pressure-sensitive adhesive to form a layer 11 of a pressure-- sensitive adhesive soln. and while the layer 11 of the pressure--sensitive adhesive soln. is under an undried condition, water is sprayed as a water drop 12 on the surface of this layer 11 and dried, and then the obtd. dried pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 11B is laminated with an air-permeable base material, the abovedescribed spraying is performed in such a way that the max. particle diameter and average particle diameter of the water drop in air is, respectively, 300mum or smaller and 1-150mum or smaller. It is possible thereby to form uniformly an air-permeable hole 14 with surely excellent air permeability on the dried pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 11B and to manufacture and air-permeable pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet with excellent and uniform air permeability.
FIELD: chemical-pharmaceutical industry. SUBSTANCE: composition has retinoid in an aqueous carrier containing at least a single agent preventing crystallization and stabilization. Indicated agent is taken from the group of nonionogenic surface-active substances. Composition has no alcohol. EFFECT: physical and chemical stability, retained clinical effectiveness as one containing alcohol. 13 cl, 5 ex
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation caused by detrimental stimuli. The progressive impairment in lung functions is chronic and highly fatal, presenting itself as a global health challenge. Because of the lack of efficacious treatments, the underlying mechanism should be investigated. The progression of fibrosis involves transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), which accelerates ECM production via epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell invasion. As microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as regulators of disease development and progression, this study aimed to investigate the interaction of miRNAs and target genes that could contribute to pulmonary fibrosis when exposed to TGF-β1. Differentially expressed mRNA and miRNA were identified in respiratory epithelial cells via transcriptome analysis by using the constructed TGF-β1-induced fibrosis model. Our results revealed a significant increase in the expression of thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), which participates in TGF-β1 activation, where THBS1 was identified as a core gene in protein interactions analyzed through bioinformatics. The expression of miR-335-3p, which targets 3'-UTR of THBS1, substantially decreased upon TGF-β1 treatment. The TGF-β1 downstream signal was suppressed by inhibiting the interaction between TGF-β1 and THBS1, consequently alleviating fibrosis. When the miR-335-3p mimic was transfected in TGF-β1-treated respiratory epithelial cells, THBS1 and fibrosis markers were downregulated, while the introduction of miR-335-3p inhibitor exhibited a reverse phenomenon. Our findings demonstrated that TGF-β1 exposure to respiratory epithelial cells led to a decrease in miR-335-3p expression, resulting in the upregulation of THBS1 and ultimately exacerbating fibrosis. This study provides insights into TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting new therapeutic targets and mechanisms.
There is no known antidote for docetaxel overdosage. In case of overdosage, the patient should be kept in a specialized unit where vital functions can be closely monitored. Anticipated complications of overdosage include: bone marrow suppression, peripheral neurotoxicity, and mucositis. Patients should receive therapeutic G-CSF as soon as possible after discovery of overdose. Other appropriate symptomatic measures should be taken, as needed.

In two reports of overdose, one patient received 150 mg/m 2and the other received 200 mg/m 2as 1-hour infusions. Both patients experienced severe neutropenia, mild asthenia, cutaneous reactions, and mild paresthesia, and recovered without incident. 

In mice, lethality was observed following single intravenous doses that were ≥154 mg/kg (about 4.5 times the human dose of 100 mg/m 2on a mg/m 2basis); neurotoxicity associated with paralysis, non-extension of hind limbs, and myelin degeneration was observed in mice at 48 mg/kg (about 1.5 times the human dose of 100 mg/m 2basis). In male and female rats, lethality was observed at a dose of 20 mg/kg (comparable to the human dose of 100 mg/m 2on a mg/m 2basis) and was associated with abnormal mitosis and necrosis of multiple organs.
This invention relates to a prepn. method for food additive and human body immuno-function-regulating health-care medicine additive. The plant containing organic iodide is crushed and cold-soaked in alcohol or heated in water, and then is solid-liquid separated, the liquid is concentrated to obtain an extract which is further extracted, and after the liquid extract is concentrated, a pasty substance is obtained, it is prepared under medium pressure and separated by liquid-phase chromatography, and after purified, the product is obtained. In various steps, the ambient temp. does not exceed 72 deg.C and the vacuum not higher than 0.07 MPa. Its advantages are no damage to organic iodide and other active components, product containing rich organic iodide, rare elements, amino acids and other active components, and no pollution smell.
The pilot study will take place at four centers within a network of Catholic Charities Early Head Start and Head Start Centers in New Orleans, Louisiana. Two centers will serve as intervention sites and two as comparison sites. Over 90% of the network centers' students identify as Black, and all qualify for federally funded free meals and snacks. The intervention will include: (1) assisting ECEs with conducting self-assessments; (2) connecting ECEs with local farmers and food producers; (3) providing technical assistance for menu changes, procuring healthy food, identifying and implementing best feeding practices and policies for the environment; (4) delivering nutrition education; and (5) connecting parents/guardians with local food resources and affordable fresh food to be consumed at home. The intervention will be implemented for 6 months.

Aim 1 uses a cross-sectional mixed methods design, collecting both quantitative and qualitative data in intervention centers. Aim 2 uses a pre-post design with a comparison group, collecting quantitative survey data at the center and parent level. At baseline and six-month follow-up, the investigators will conduct short surveys with staff and parents/caregivers of children attending ECEs.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bioactive cement compsn. which can directly combines with a natural bone and whose mechanical characteristics are hardly deteriorated even when it is embedded in a living body for a long time and which exhibits good operability. SOLUTION: The subject compsn. comprises a glass powder contg. Ca with a compsn. of 30-70% CaO, 30-70% SiO2, 30-70% P2O5, 0-40% MgO and 0-5% CaF2 or a crystallized glass powder, an alumina powder, a methacrylate polymer powder, a methacrylate monomer, a polymn. initiator and a polymn. accelerator.
PURPOSE:To obtain an aqueous preparation having excellent storage stability, capable of holding nitroglycerin at high concentration and causing little adsorption of nitroglycerin to an infusion set in drip infusion by dispersing nitroglycerin liposome in an aqueous solvent. CONSTITUTION:A nitroglycerin liposome is produced by using 1-50 pts.wt. (especially 3-10 pts.wt.) of lipid per 1 pt.wt. of nitroglycerin and using conventional method such as thin-film process, hydration process and freeze-drying process. The amount of the lipid is selected within the above range and to a level to effect the capture of >=30% of the nitroglycerin to the lipid. The amount of nitroglycerin in the liposome-containing preparation is 0.01-25wt.%, preferably 0.1-15wt.% based on the total preparation.
A framework for automatic retrieval of medical images. In accordance with one aspect, the framework detects patches in a query image volume that contain at least a portion of an anatomical region of interest by using a first trained classifier. The framework determines disease probabilities by applying a second trained classifier to the detected patches, and selects, from the patches, a sub-set of informative patches with disease probabilities above a pre-determined threshold value. For a given patch from the sub-set of informative patches, the framework retrieves, from a database, patches that are most similar to the given image. Image volumes associated with the retrieved patches are then retrieved from the database. A report based on the retrieved image volumes may then be generated and presented.
Group 2 (control group): Subjects will be given a "Sham" elimination diet. The sham diet will eliminate the same number of foods but none of the actual foods to which the patient had a positive antibody profile in the Biomerica InFoods® IBS test. The sham diet will also eliminate any and all foods to which the subject has a known IgE allergy and foods the subject already currently eliminates.