anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Study objective The purpose of this research study is to compare 2 established peripheral IV insertion techniques (traditional vs ultrasound guided) in order to develop an algorithmic approach to peripheral IV insertion. Patient characteristics, medical history and co-morbidities, in addition to a pre-insertion physical exam vein assessment, will allow for the introduction of a vein classification system and a difficult IV insertion algorithm. Selecting the optimal modality for initial IV insertion will decrease the total number of attempts, facilitate appropriate gauge and location of IV insertion, avoid central line placement, decrease IV insertion pain scores and improve patient satisfaction. Currently, ultrasound guided peripheral IV insertion is performed by the IV team at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center or a trained anesthesia provider as a rescue technique after multiple failed attempts by traditional technique. Secondary to the constraints of both trained providers and equipment resources, the cohort of difficult IV insertion patients are subjected to multiple traditional IV insertion attempts prior to escalation to ultrasound guidance and occasionally, unnecessary central line placements indicated by only poor intravenous access.

Primary end point: Grade 2A vein classification cohort 2nd IV insertion attempt success rate comparison of traditional vs ultrasound guided technique, IV insertion pain scores, Patient satisfaction Secondary end points: Grade 2B and grade 3 vein classification ultrasound guided IV insertion success rate. Grade 1 and 2a vein classification 1st attempt IV insertion success rate. Grade 1 visualization 2nd attempt IV insertion success rate comparison of traditional vs ultrasound guided technique. Difficult IV insertion risk factors and associations, IV gauge and location, central line placement because of inadequate peripheral IV access
Hyperammonemia has been reported in association with valproate therapy and may be present despite normal liver function tests. In patients who develop unexplained lethargy and vomiting or changes in mental status, hyperammonemic encephalopathy should be considered and an ammonia level should be measured. Hyperammonemia should also be considered in patients who present with hypothermia (see PRECAUTIONS, Hypothermia). If ammonia is increased, valproate therapy should be discontinued. Appropriate interventions for treatment of hyperammonemia should be initiated, and such patients should undergo investigation for underlying urea cycle disorders (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS - Urea Cycle Disorders (UCD) and PRECAUTIONS - Hyperammonemia and Encephalopathy Associated with Concomitant Topiramate Use).  
  
Asymptomatic elevations of ammonia are more common and when present, require close monitoring of plasma ammonia levels. If the elevation persists, discontinuation of valproate therapy should be considered. In patients who develop unexplained lethargy, vomiting, or changes in mental status, hyperammonemic encephalopathy should be considered and an ammonia level should be measured. (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS - Urea Cycle Disorders and PRECAUTIONS - Hyperammonemia).   
  
Hyperammonemia and Encephalopathy Associated with Concomitant Topiramate Use   
Concomitant administration of topiramate and valproic acid has been associated with hyperammonemia with or without encephalopathy in patients who have tolerated either drug alone. Clinical symptoms of hyperammonemic encephalopathy often include acute alterations in level of consciousness and/or cognitive function with lethargy or vomiting. Hypothermia can also be a manifestation of hyperammonemia (see PRECAUTIONS - Hypothermia). In most cases, symptoms and signs abated with discontinuation of either drug. This adverse event is not due to a pharmacokinetic interaction. It is not known if topiramate monotherapy is associated with hyperammonemia. Patients with inborn errors of metabolism or reduced hepatic mitochondrial activity may be at an increased risk for hyperammonemia with or without encephalopathy. Although not studied, an interaction of topiramate and valproic acid may exacerbate existing defects or unmask deficiencies in susceptible persons. In patients who develop unexplained lethargy, vomiting, or changes in mental status, hyperammonemic encephalopathy should be considered and an ammonia level should be measured. (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS - Urea Cycle Disorders and PRECAUTIONS - Hyperammonemia).
BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation is associated with the etiology of various cancers. However, there is a lack of systematic research in urologic cancers. This study aims to use a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to evaluate the role of circulating cytokines in the development of urologic cancers.
METHODS: We obtained the summary-level data for bladder cancer (373,295 cases and 372,016 controls), prostate cancer (462,933 cases and 459,664 controls), and kidney cancer (463,010 cases and 461,896 controls) from the UK Biobank. Genetic variations linked to 41 circulating cytokines were used as instrumental variables (IVs) in meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) involving 8,293 individuals from Finland. We primarily used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method to assess the potential associations between the 41 cytokines and the risk of 3 common urologic cancers. Weighted-median method, weighted mode and simple-median method were used to assess the sensitivity. Heterogeneity and pleiotropic outlier were evaluated by Cochran's Q test and MR-Egger regression. Genetic correlation, colocalization analysis and multivariable MR analysis were used to further validate the potential pleiotropy.
RESULTS: After the Bonferroni correction, there was an observed association between elevated genetically predicted levels of CCL27 and a heightened risk for bladder cancer. Conversely, IL-12p70 levels were found to have a protective association against the risk of bladder cancer. Sensitivity analyses utilizing various IV sets and MR approach remained robust. Furthermore, we found potential associations of 7 cytokines with urologic cancers (4.07 × 10-4 ≤ P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Our study supported causal associations between CCL27, IL-12p70 and bladder cancer risk and potential associations of 7 cytokines with the risk of urologic cancers, helping us to further understand the pathogenesis of urologic cancers and providing clues for improving diagnostic accuracy and therapies.
The invention discloses an exosome-mediated gastric cancer overall survival rate prognosis model, a construction method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical fields of bioinformatics engineering and tumor markers. The invention specifically selects 3 exosome related genes, and establishes and constructs a gene tag (comprising CLDN6, ANGPT2 and SPARC) based on a LASOCox regression model. The model of the invention has potential clinical value in the personalized treatment of gastric cancer. Gastric cancer patients were divided into high and low risk groups. The risk score for gastric cancer patients in the training group correlated significantly with OS (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed AUC of 0.686, 0.799, 0.858, respectively, at 3, 5 and 8 years follow-up. The predicted performance has been verified in the test set.
This project is a prospective, 12-month pragmatic randomized trial embedded within routine clinical care. Children with spondyloarthritis who have maintained inactive disease on a clinically prescribed standard dosing of a TNFi for 6 months or longer will be eligible for enrollment. Children will be randomized to one of the following alternative approaches: continued fixed standard dosing (arm 1), fixed longer dosing intervals of TNFi (arm 2), or stopping TNFi (arm 3). The recommended visit frequency is every 3 months through the study endpoint at 12 months. After subjects have followed their treatment assignment for 12 months, those who have not flared may modify their treatment regimen as per shared decision making between themselves and the treating physician. All participants will be monitored for 24 additional months for long-term outcomes after the intervention period.
Precedex 1 mcg/kg intravenous administered over 10 minutes prior to surgical procedure. Assigned sevoflurane concentration.
Regional citrate anticoagulation, using a hypertonic sterile solution of trisodium citrate dihydrate (1.035 Mol/L, Baxter, Lessines, Belgium), infused into the afferent blood line. Citrate will be infused at a rate of 62.1 mM/h (60 mL/h). The anticoagulant effect of citrate will be neutralized using calcium containing dialysate (Ca 1.50 mmol/L). Dialysate sodium content will be set at 135 mEQ/L, and bicarbonate will be reduced to 25 mEq/L.
In placebo-controlled clinical trials across indications from baseline to endpoint, duloxetine treatment was associated with mean increases of 0.5 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure and 0.8 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure compared to mean decreases of 0.6 mm Hg systolic and 0.4 mm Hg diastolic in placebo-treated patients. There was no significant difference in the frequency of sustained (3 consecutive visits) elevated blood pressure. In a clinical pharmacology study designed to evaluate the effects of duloxetine on various parameters, including blood pressure at supratherapeutic doses with an accelerated dose titration, there was evidence of increases in supine blood pressure at doses up to 200 mg twice daily. At the highest 200 mg twice daily dose, the increase in mean pulse rate was 5.0 to 6.8 beats and increases in mean blood pressure were 4.7 to 6.8 mm Hg (systolic) and 4.5 to 7 mm Hg (diastolic) up to 12 hours after dosing.

Blood pressure should be measured prior to initiating treatment and periodically measured throughout treatment . [see Adverse Reactions (6.7)]
The POSAT study follows a single-blinded randomized crossover design. Each subject will have two separate intervention days with at least a six-day washout period in between. On the two intervention days the subjects will be randomized into receiving a breakfast containing isocaloric amounts of either low or high GI potatoes. VAS will be measured 5 minutes before the meal, immediately after the meal is consumed and in intervals of 30 minutes thereafter until 2,5 hours after the initial meal. After this the subjects will be served a standardized homogenous ad libitum meal. The amount of food consumed will be registered. The subjects will be asked to fast for 8-10 hours prior to the trial days and abstain from vigorous physical activity and alcohol consumption for 2 days prior to each trial day. The trial will be conducted over a total of 8 days with 5-6 study subjects pr. trial day. The trial days will be spread out over a total of 2 weeks to allow for a 1-week washout period between trial days for each subject.
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) represents one of the most severe side effects of chemotherapy, which forces some patients to reject cancer treatment. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of CIA are not clearly understood, which makes it difficult to discover efficient preventive or therapeutic procedures for this adverse effect. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has a strong antioxidant activity as it stimulates glutathione synthesis and acts as an oxygen radical scavenger. The current study tried to investigate the efficacy of NAC in preserving biochemical parameters and hair follicle structure against cyclophosphamide (CYP) administration. In total, 40 adult female C57BL/6 mice were induced to enter anagen by depilation (day 0) and divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (CYP) received a single dose of CYP [150 mg/kg body weight (B.W.)/intraperitoneal injection (IP)] at day 9, group III (CYP & NAC) received a single dose of CYP at day 9 as well as NAC (500 mg/kg B.W./day/IP) from day 6-16, and group IV (NAC) received NAC from day 6-16. CYP administration in group II induced an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), histological hair follicle dystrophy, disruption of follicular melanogenesis, overexpression of p53, and loss of ki67 immunoreactivity. NAC coadministration in group III reversed CYP-induced alterations in the biochemical parameters and preserved hair follicle structure, typical follicular melanin distribution as well as normal pattern of p53 and ki67 expression. These findings indicated that NAC could be used as an efficient and safe therapeutic option for hair loss induced by chemotherapy.
Sepsis (sepsis) is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome with signs of infection, typically caused by an immune response caused by infection with a pathogen such as bacteria or fungi. Severe sepsis and septic shock are the leading causes of death in hospitalized patients worldwide, with mortality rates as high as 30% -70%, and currently there is still a lack of effective treatment. FAM19A4 expression was significantly upregulated in serum from sepsis patients and corresponding mouse disease models and correlated positively with disease course and condition. Suggesting that it may play an important role in infectious diseases and may become a new serological marker. The invention relates to a mouse anti-human FAM19A4 monoclonal antibody; the invention also relates to application of the FAM19A4 antibody in basic research and infectious diseases. The method can be used for researching the expression level of FAM19A4 in various biological samples, is suitable for experiments such as Western blot, ELISA, flow cytometry detection (FACS) and the like, and has neutralization activity on FAM19A 4. In vivo experiments, the antibody of the invention can obviously reduce the death rate of mice with cecal ligation perforation model (CLP) and systemic candida albicans infection.
Both training conditions will receive a 1.5 day training followed by ongoing supervision while they implement exposure therapy with patients recruited to the study. The first full day will consist of the same foundational information in both conditions.The two conditions will differ in their training focus during the subsequent half-day training. The Standard Didactic condition will involve additional didactic instruction related to common barriers and more advanced delivery concepts than will be presented in the half-day training for the Behaviorally Enhanced condition. The focus of ongoing supervision following the initial 1.5 day training workshop will also differ by condition. The Standard Didactic condition will involve counseling on the implementation of exposure with therapists' patients without explicit focus on therapists' remaining reservations about exposure.
Participants presenting at the University of Florida Shands Emergency Department with an ischemic stroke. Blood drawn at day 1, day 3, and at 2-8 weeks after stroke, NIH stroke scale scores, modified Rankin scale scores, and MRI infarct size assessed in hospital. 3 month modified Rankin scale score collected by phone interview.
Sleep is a vital restorative process that has occupied our curiosity for millennia. Despite our longstanding research efforts, the biology of sleep and its connection to mental states remains enigmatic. Unsurprisingly, sleep and wakefulness, the fundamental processes between which our mental states oscillate, are inseparable from our physical and mental health. Thus, clinical consideration of sleep impairments warrants a transdiagnostic approach whilst appropriately acknowledging that certain individual disorders (e.g. depression, schizophrenia) may have somewhat distinct sleep disturbances. Moreover, our knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of sleep regulation-albeit limited-forms the foundation for current treatments for sleep difficulties. This pictorial article overviews the core concepts and future of sleep neuroscience and mental state biology for trainees and practitioners in psychiatry and related professions.
INTRODUCTION: Gram-negative bacteremia is a life-threatening infection with high morbidity and mortality. Its incidence is rising worldwide, and treatment has become more challenging due to emerging bacterial resistance. Little data is available on the burden and outcome of such infections in Lebanon.
METHODS: We conducted this retrospective study in four Lebanese hospitals. Data on medical conditions and demographics of 2400 patients diagnosed with a bloodstream infection based on a positive blood culture were collected between January 2014 and December 2020.
RESULTS: Most bacteremias were caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, with the more resistant organisms being hospital-acquired. Third-generation cephalosporin and quinolone resistance was steady throughout the study, but carbapenem resistance increased. Mortality with such infections is high, but carbapenem resistance or infection with Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter species were significant risk factors for poor outcomes.
CONCLUSION: This is the first multi-center study from Lebanon on gram-negative bacteremia, resistance patterns, and factors associated with a poor outcome. More surveillance is needed to provide data to guide empirical treatment for bacteremia in Lebanon.
This study protocol describes the development of the first instrument of functional communication for people living with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), with future applications to other progressive conditions, with expert validation, item-level reliability analyses, input from partners in research, and outcomes. Progressive conditions like PPA require monitoring, and as such, re-assessment. Re-assessment poses the high risk of being burdensome, destructive, and of little use to the patient. As such, there is a significant need to establish a validated and reliable measure that (1) poses minimal patient burden and (2) captures communication ability in a strengths-based manner for both clinical and research purposes. A strengths-based approach to assessment is widely recognized as the optimal way to promote patient autonomy, minimize harm, and implement functional treatment protocols and strategies. To date, there are no strengths-based assessment tools that were developed for people living with PPA nor ways to efficiently document functional communication performance. This study protocol outlines our work to address this gap in clinical practice and research.
The investigators will use multiple methods (including Oxytocin intranasal inhalation, neuroimaging, behavioral measures, peripheral hormone measurements) to examine how individuals' behavior, cognition, and brain function is impacted by the neuro-hormone Oxytocin. Specifically, the investigators plan to evaluate the influence of Oxytocin administration on affective processing in non-trauma exposed and trauma-exposed adults (both with and without posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD). The investigators expect oxytocin (compared to placebo) to positively influence affect processing in healthy subjects, as well as among those diagnosed with PTSD. Given current literature, the investigators expect oxytocin to elevate the processing\\perception of positive-related stimuli, and reduce the salience of aversive or un-pleasant cues. The investigators expect oxytocin to impact participants' brain function as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while visually processing social and affect-related stimuli, rendering brain function and affective processing to be "more typical" or "adaptive" compared to placebo. Oxytocin's effect on human repertoire is not necessarily direct, but can interact with the individual's socioemotional characteristics, early life environment, and psychiatric symptoms. Therefore, the investigators will incorporate measures that capture the various dimensions that likely shape the effect of oxytocin.
Under vasculogenic conditioning, certain pro-inflammatory subsets within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) undergo phenotypic transformation into pro-regenerative types, such as vasculogenic endothelial progenitor cells, M2 macrophages, and regulatory T cells. These transformed cells are collectively termed regeneration-associated cells (RACs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of RAC-derived extracellular vesicles (RACev) compared with a vehicle-treated group in the context of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (R-IRI). Human PBMCs were cultured with defined growth factor cocktails for seven days to harvest RACs. EV quantity and size were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Notably, the systemic injection of RACev significantly decreased serum creatinine and blood urine nitrogen at day three compared to the control group. Histologically, the treatment group showed less fibrosis in the cortex and medullary areas (p < 0.04 and p < 0.01) compared to the control group. The CD31 staining confirmed enhanced capillary densities in the treatment group compared to the control group (p < 0.003). These beneficial effects were accompanied by angiogenesis, anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis RACev miR delivery to ischemic injury to control inflammatory, endothelial mesenchymal transition, and hypoxia pathways. In vivo bioluminescence analysis demonstrated a preferential accumulation of RACev in the IR-injured kidney. The systemic transplantation of RACev beneficially restored kidney function by protecting from tissue fibrosis and through anti-inflammation, angiogenesis, and anti-apoptosis miR delivery to the ischemic tissue.
Smokers who are interested in quitting will be randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions. In the BA +VLNC condition (n = 16) smokers will switch to smoking very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) while wearing a 21 mg/d nicotine patch for 5 weeks prior to their quit date. They will also participate in weekly behavioral activation (BA) treatment sessions. Smokers in the VLNC Only group (n = 19) will undergo the same pharmacological pretreatment but will undergo standard counseling and health education instead of BA. Following the quit date, both groups will receive standard nicotine replacement therapy. At baseline and pre-quit, BOLD response to smoking and non-smoking rewards will be measured using fMRI after 24 hr abstinence. Latency to relapse will serve as a continuous clinical outcome measure. Participants will also receive follow-up phone calls at 6 months and 12 months post-quit to assess smoking status.
SUN, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exerts cardiotoxicity which hinders its clinical use. It is necessary to elucidate molecular mechanism of SUN-induced cardiotoxicity. To elucidate molecular mechanism of SUN-induced cardiotoxicity and whether it is related to Nrf2-dependent ferroptosis, in vitro model with H9c2 cells derived from rat heart tissue and in vivo model (C57BL/6J male mouse) were used in the present study. In vivo model was established by oral treatment of SUN at dose of 10, 20, 40 mg/kg for 14 days. Body weight, ECG, plasma enzyme activities, histology staining were performed to evaluate heart function. Western-blot was performed to analyze the level of ferroptosis-related proteins. In vitro results indicated that SUN markedly induced ferroptosis embodied as collapsed MMP, accumulated iron and elevated ROS. In vivo results showed that SUN significantly impaired cardiac function. Abnormal electrocardiogram, increased serum CK and lactate LDH levels were significantly observed in SUN groups. Histology staining showed that SUN caused structural injuries and fibrosis deposition. Moreover, SUN increased the level of MDA and Fe2+ content, decreased the level of GSH. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that SUN reduced the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, GPX4 and FTH1, enhanced the TfR expression. This study suggested that oxidative stress and Nrf2-dependent ferroptosis played a vital role in SUN-induced cardiotoxicity.