anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVES: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing health concern. Since members of the galectin-family are identified to play a role in the pathogenesis of GDM, we determined galectin-12 as an essential protein due to its influence in lipolysis and inflammation processes. This study investigates the expression of galectin-12 in the placentas of women with GDM.
STUDY DESIGN: The study population includes 40 expectant women suffering from GDM and 40 healthy controls. The expression of galectin-12 in the syncytiotrophoblast (SCT) and the extra villous trophoblast (EVT) of the placenta was analyzed by immunohistological staining and double immunofluorescence. Immunoreactivity Score (IRS) was used for evaluation.
RESULTS: The results demonstrate a significant overexpression of galectin-12 in the nucleus of the SCT and the EVT of placentas with GDM compared to the healthy control group. Additionally, double immunofluorescence visualizes corresponding results with an overexpression of galectin-12 in the extra villous trophoblast of GDM placentas representing maternal cells.
CONCLUSION: This study identifies galectin-12 to be associated with the process of gestational diabetes mellitus. These findings are in correspondence with the involvement of galectin-12 in inflammatory processes. Maternal BMI and male sex seem to be confounder for the expression of galectin-12 in the nuclear syncytiotrophoblast, but not in other parts of the investigated placental areas. Further investigations are necessary to verify the correlation between gestational diabetes mellitus and the expression of galectin-12 in the placenta and to further elucidate its distinct role.
The substance abuse literature consistently shows that negative emotional states and subjective stress are highly predictive of relapse and significantly influence behavioral motivation. From a neurobiological perspective, stress associated with withdrawal and substance abuse experiences stimulates chemical and hormonal changes in the brain creating a protracted hyperaroused state. Further, cognitive control resources (i.e., cognitive coping skills/relapse prevention training) have been shown to exert minimal impact on behavioral decision-making in the presence of intense affective material. Thus, implicit cognitive processes play a significant role in drug use behavior, decreasing self regulation capacities and increasing risk of. Specifically, high levels of stress can compromise prefrontal cortex functioning, with the nucleus accumbens, orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala functional changes related to increased cue reactivity.

Taken together, the current literature strongly suggests that verbally-based therapies may have limited utility as a singular form of treatment in early substance abuse recovery, as the brain may not be functionally ready for executive level processing. Instead, the multidisciplinary substance abuse literature suggests that psychosocial treatment methods need to include a range of learning approaches that allow for visual-sensory processing, in addition to traditional verbal-based processing. Integrated multi-modal interventions are needed to offer opportunities for activation of these different brain regions to facilitate cognitive-affective balance in behavioral decision-making.
OBJECTIVE: Intervention for repair of secondary mitral valve disease is frequently associated with recurrent regurgitation. We sought to determine if there was sufficient evidence to support inclusion of anatomic indices of leaflet dysfunction in the management of secondary mitral valve disease.
METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published reports comparing anatomic indices of leaflet dysfunction with the complexity of valve repair and the outcome from intervention. Patients were stratified by the severity of leaflet dysfunction. A secondary analysis was performed comparing outcomes when procedural complexity was optimally matched to severity of leaflet dysfunction and when intervention was not matched to dysfunction.
RESULTS: We identified 6864 publications, of which 65 met inclusion criteria. An association between the severity of leaflet dysfunction and the procedural complexity was highly predictive of satisfactory freedom from recurrent regurgitation. Patients were categorized into 4 groups based on stratification of leaflet dysfunction. Satisfactory results were achieved in 93.7% of patients in whom repair complexity was appropriately matched to severity of leaflet dysfunction and in 68.8% in whom repair was not matched to dysfunction (odds ratio, 0.148; 95% confidence interval, 0.119-0.184; P < .0001).
CONCLUSIONS: For patients with secondary mitral valve disease, satisfactory outcome from valve repair improves when procedural complexity is matched to anatomic indices of leaflet dysfunction. Anatomic indices of leaflet dysfunction should be considered when planning interventions for secondary mitral regurgitation. Routine inclusion of anatomic indices in trial design and reporting should facilitate comparison of results and strengthen guidelines. There are sufficient data to support anatomic staging of secondary mitral valve disease.
Epoetin alfa is an analogue of erythropoetin, a hormone secreted by kidneys known to stimulate red blood cell production. Although epoetin alfa has been known to be effective in treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease, information on its effectiveness and long-term safety for treatment of anemia associated with rheumatoid arthritis is limited. This 35-week safety study is an extension of a 20-week, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center study that investigates effectiveness of epoetin alfa in patients with anemia of chronic disease due to rheumatoid arthritis. The study hypothesis is that there will be no long-term safety concerns of epoetin alfa administered once every two weeks in rheumatoid arthritis patients with anemia of chronic disease. Patients will receive epoetin alfa injections (40,000 units) under their skin once every 2 weeks for up to 31 weeks. Doses may be adjusted depending on the patients' hemoglobin level up to the maximum of 60,000 units once every 2 weeks or 40,000 units once weekly.
The students in the study group will do monofilament applications on a precision scale. They will be provided with visual feedback by comparing the value of the monofilament with the pressure value of the monofilament applied on the precision scale in grams. In this way, the students will visually experience whether they can provide the appropriate level of pressure during the application. The practice on the precision scale will continue for 15-20 minutes with the monofilaments in the Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Test kit.
There has been little focus, at least there are few scientific reports on preterm infants with birth weights between 1500 and 2000g, at least in Norway. Studies have shown the benefit of enhanced protein and energy supplements in very low birth weight infants (VLBW, birth weight \< 1500g), regarding growth and neurodevelopment . Adequate and properly balanced supply of nutrients is believed to give better growth and cognitive development in premature infants with slightly higher birth weight, i.e between 1500 and 2000g (1). In an intervention study of VLBW children at four Norwegian hospitals we found lower supply of energy and protein than international recommendations (2). A larger proportion of premature children were stunted growth (weight below 10 percentile for age) during hospitalization. Although this applies to preterm infants with birth weight less than 1500 g, this may also be the case for larger premature patients.

More studies that can provide knowledge of growth rate, weight and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm and small for gestational age (SGA) infants are warranted. This study examines those with birth weight between 1500 and 2000g. Overall, this may provide new and useful knowledge that can help to optimize the nutrition to preterm and SGA infants with a this range of birth weights
Patients with an intraarticular elbow fracture and/or dislocation. Synovial fluid from the injured elbow will be obtained during the subject's emergency department encounter by one of the Chief Residents or Attending surgeon as part of standard of care procedures for pain control-related injection and aspiration. Patients with an intraarticular elbow fracture and/or dislocation receive an intraarticular elbow injection with anesthetic (i.e. lidocaine or marcaine) to provide analgesia for elbow range of motion testing and orthopaedic reduction maneveuers as the current standard of care. The patients would be asked to consent for 2 elbow joint aspirations: 1.Aspiration of the injured elbow at time of surgical fracture fixation; 2.Aspiration of the uninjured elbow at time of surgical fracture fixation.
BACKGROUND: Scapho-lunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) of the wrist are the most common types of wrist arthritis. We compared the union rate and complication profile of patients with SLAC and SNAC wrist undergoing 4 corner arthrodesis with partially threaded or fully threaded headless compression screws.
METHODS: A single-center retrospective review was conducted to identify all patients treated for SLAC and SNAC with 4 corner fusion using headless compression screws from 2016 to 2021. A total of 33 patients undergoing surgery on 35 wrists were identified and included in the study. Demographics, comorbidities, complication profile, and radiographs were collected and compared between groups.
RESULTS: One hundred percent (16/16) of partially threaded and 84.2% (16/19) of fully threaded screws demonstrated union by minimum 10-week follow-up. The total complication rate (avascular necrosis of lunate, screw loosening, etc.) was 31.4%; 52.6% of wrists implanted with fully threaded screws experienced complications compared with a 6.3% complication rate with partially threaded screws. The difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups (P = .004).
CONCLUSIONS: Four corner arthrodesis using antegrade compression screws is an effective, reproducible method to achieve fusion in the wrist. The use of fully threaded screws was associated with more complications than with partially threaded screws, although union rate was not significantly different. Future studies with larger sample sizes would be useful to fully elucidate differences between these 2 constructs.
BACKGROUND: Stiff neck is a common acute musculoskeletal condition that significantly affects the quality of life of patients. Acupuncture is recommended as an effective method for alleviating pain and restoring neck mobility in patients with stiff neck, but there is currently a lack of scientific evidence supporting its efficacy and safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of stiff neck.
METHOD: This study searched 8 Chinese and English electronic medical databases, including China Biology Medicine disc, VIP database, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, with a search period up to May 13, 2024. The focus was on clinical randomized controlled trials evaluating acupuncture treatment for stiff neck. The primary outcome measures were the total effective rate and visual analog scale scores. The quality of evidence and methodology of the included studies were assessed according to the GRADEpro guidelines. Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the results, with heterogeneity analysis, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, trial sequential analysis, and publication bias analysis performed to verify the robustness of the combined results and explore potential sources of heterogeneity.
RESULT: This study evaluated 10 clinical randomized controlled trials comparing acupuncture therapy with conventional treatment, involving 754 patients. The treatment group received acupuncture alone or in combination with conventional treatment, whereas the control group received only conventional treatment. The analysis results showed that the treatment group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the total effective rate (risk ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.04, 1.21], P = .002), reducing visual analog scale scores (mean difference [MD] = -0.93, 95% CI [-1.29, -0.57], P < .001), reducing neck disability index scores (MD = -6.39, 95% CI [-6.79, -6.00], P < .001), and restoring cervical range of motion (cervical lateral flexion: MD = 4.29, 95% CI [3.15, 5.43], P < .001; cervical rotation: MD = 6.08, 95% CI [4.46, 7.70], P < .001).
CONCLUSION: Acupuncture is an effective and safe method for treating stiff neck. However, to validate this conclusion, more rigorously designed and higher-quality studies are needed in the future.
The invention discloses a new use of oleanolic acid in the aspect of resisting a hepatitis c virus (HCV) and particularly relates to an application of the oleanolic acid in preparing anti-HCV drugs and reagents. The oleanolic acid can be used for remarkably inhibiting the proliferation of the HCV in a cell infectivity model. Discovered by extracorporeal and intracellular activity inhibiting experiments, ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase NS5B depended by HCV RNA is a key target for the HCV RNA to act. The oleanolic acid is widely distributed in a plant kingdom, and is rich in source and small in toxic and side effect. The selection index [half maximal cytotoxic concentration/half maximal inhibitory concentration (CC50/IC50)] of the oleanolic acid in an anti-HCVJFH1 duplication experiments at a cellular level exceeds that of a currently used therapeutic drug ribavirin. Therefore, the new use of the oleanolic acid can be used for preparing the anti-HCV drugs and reagents and an inhibitor for the polymerase NS5B duplicated by the HCV. The oleanolic acid is important in economic value, medical value and social value. The oleanolic acid disclosed by the invention is better in HCV research and treatment application prospect.
The study population will consist of adult Indian males and females, at least 18 years of age or older at the time of screening, with no ocular pathology that could confound study outcomes, who are advised bilateral cataract extraction and who desire an IOL that provides the potential for correction of near, intermediate, and distance vision. Both eyes will be implanted. The second eye surgery will take place 15-30 days after the first eye surgery. Subjects will be followed for approximately 3 months after the second eye surgery. Total individual subject participation will be approximately 4 months. This study will be conducted in India.
The aim of this article was to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) to reduce blood loss after maxillofacial fracture surgery. Clinical data were collected retrospectively on patients with unilateral fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) or mandibular condyle. Patients were then further divided into TXA and control groups according to whether or not TXA was used after surgery. The amount of postoperative blood loss was evaluated by negative pressure drainage volume. Data were statistically analysed. In patients with unilateral ZMC fractures, total postoperative blood loss in the TXA group was about 30 ml less than that in the control group (p = 0.006). It was significantly less on the first and second postoperative days. However, in patients with unilateral mandibular condylar fractures, there was no significant difference between the TXA and control groups (p = 0.917). TXA can reduce postoperative bleeding in patients with ZMC fractures, and the optimal usage time is on the first and second postoperative days. For patients with mandibular condylar fractures, TXA may not be used.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve reproductive function and resistance to oxygen deficiency in mice.  <P>SOLUTION: In a method for producing a locust hydrolysate, a locust (Huang Chong) powder HC is put in a beaker and kept at 40°C for 1 hr. Then, an activated enzyme mixture is added to the beaker and heated to 50°C. Here, the proportion of the enzyme mixture to the HC in the obtained suspension is 3%. The pH of the suspension is adjusted to 7, and the suspension is stirred at 50°C for 4 hr to carry out hydrolysis of components such as proteins contained in the HC. After the hydrolysis, the suspension is heated at 90°C for 10 min to deactivate the enzyme mixture etc. After heating, the suspension is subjected to centrifugal filtration to recover a filtrate. The residue is washed twice with hot water, and the obtained washing liquids are mixed with the filtrate. The mixture comprising the washing liquids and the filtrate is sterilized at 90°C for 10 min and subsequently subjected to vacuum concentration in a rotary evaporator at a water bath temperature of 70°C to evaporate water until it dries.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
A single dose 500 milligrams of Acetylsalicylic acid (ASPIRINA®, 500 mg) will be intravenously administered. One vial of ASPIRINA ® in not more than 250 ml in 0.9% sodium chloride solution, 5% and 10% glucose solution, Ringer's solution or lactated Ringer's. The solution for injection should be prepared on the spot and used immediately after preparation. It is highly recommended to administer as soon as possible after femoral puncture and always before stent placement, allowing a 10-minute delay after placement of the cervical endoprosthesis. In case of exceeding this time, the patient will be withdrawn from the trial.
The TATA box-binding protein-associated factor 1 (TAF1) is a ubiquitously expressed protein and the largest subunit of the basal transcription factor TFIID, which plays a key role in initiation of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. TAF1 missense variants in human males cause X-linked intellectual disability, a neurodevelopmental disorder, and TAF1 is dysregulated in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism, a neurodegenerative disorder. However, this field has lacked a genetic mouse model of TAF1 disease to explore its mechanism in mammals and treatments. Here, we generated and validated a conditional cre-lox allele and the first ubiquitous Taf1 knockout mouse. We discovered that Taf1 deletion in male mice was embryonically lethal, which may explain why no null variants have been identified in humans. In the brains of Taf1 heterozygous female mice, no differences were found in gross structure, overall expression and protein localisation, suggesting extreme skewed X inactivation towards the non-mutant chromosome. Nevertheless, these female mice exhibited a significant increase in weight, weight with age, and reduced movement, suggesting that a small subset of neurons was negatively impacted by Taf1 loss. Finally, this new mouse model may be a future platform for the development of TAF1 disease therapeutics.
In this project, investigators aim to test the hypothesis that CBD will reduce alcohol drinking in individuals with AUD comorbid with PTSD. CBD is currently a medical research focus because it shows promise for treating anxiety and other brain disorders, but does not produce a 'high' like other parts of cannabis, has not been shown to be addictive, and is safe, with few or no side effects. AUD, which is one of the most common and most debilitating psychiatric conditions, is often associated with other comorbid psychiatric disorders - in particular, PTSD: depending on the population studied, 30-60% of individuals with AUD also have PTSD, with high comorbidity rates in military veterans. Evidence from animal models and clinical studies suggests that the negative emotion caused by PTSD symptoms intensifies craving for alcohol during alcohol withdrawal, perpetuating the addictive cycle; further, evidence shows that the brain circuits underlying negative emotion and addiction are linked in a forebrain area called the extended amygdala, which provides a neuropharmacological target to simultaneously treat both negative emotion and alcohol addiction in individuals with AUD and PTSD. CBD is known to inhibit brain activity in the extended amygdala, leading to reduced anxiety in both animal models and humans. CBD also reduces addictive alcohol seeking in animal models.
In the US, 23% of pregnant women undergo labor induction. A recent randomized controlled trial showed that elective labor induction at term in low-risk nulliparous women is associated with a lower risk of cesarean delivery and preeclampsia, with no increase in adverse perinatal morbidities. Hence, one can assume that labor induction rates will increase. The majority of women undergoing induction have unfavorable cervixes and require cervical ripening agents. Dilapan-S®, a hygroscopic cervical dilator made from a patented hydrogel (AQUACRYL), has been used in the past for cervical ripening for early gestation uterine evacuation. Dilapan-S® was approved by the FDA for cervical ripening in the third trimester in 2015.

The Dilapan-S® rods are inserted into the cervical canal, are contained within the vagina, and do not require tension. Dilapan-S® works by absorbing fluid from cervical canal cells, resulting in reversible cell membrane dehydration and softening. In addition, the increase in the rod's volume creates a mechanical stretch and leads to the release of endogenous prostaglandins, causing cervical ripening. Recently, a multicenter prospective cohort study showed that Dilapan-S® is a safe and effective method for cervical ripening in term gestations. Lastly, our group performed non-inferiority randomized clinical trial comparing Dilapan-S® to Foley balloon for cervical ripening in term pregnancies and found that Dilapan-S® is non-inferior to Foley balloon for pre-induction cervical ripening at term.

The Dilapan-S® rods are inserted into the cervical canal, are contained within the vagina, and do not require tension. Dilapan-S® works by absorbing fluid from cervical canal cells, resulting in reversible cell membrane dehydration and softening. In addition, the increase in the rod's volume creates a mechanical stretch and leads to the release of endogenous prostaglandins, causing cervical ripening. Advantages of Dilapan-S® over Foley include FDA approval, safe profile, no protrusion from the introitus, no need to keep under tension and better patient satisfaction.
The optimal daily dose of Rocaltrol must be carefully determined for each patient. Rocaltrol can be administered orally either as a capsule (0.25 mcg or 0.50 mcg) or as an oral solution (1 mcg/mL). Rocaltrol therapy should always be started at the lowest possible dose and should not be increased without careful monitoring of serum calcium.

The effectiveness of Rocaltrol therapy is predicated on the assumption that each patient is receiving an adequate but not excessive daily intake of calcium. Patients are advised to have a dietary intake of calcium at a minimum of 600 mg daily. The U.S. RDA for calcium in adults is 800 mg to 1200 mg. To ensure that each patient receives an adequate daily intake of calcium, the physician should either prescribe a calcium supplement or instruct the patient in proper dietary measures.

Because of improved calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, some patients on Rocaltrol may be maintained on a lower calcium intake. Patients who tend to develop hypercalcemia may require only low doses of calcium or no supplementation at all.

During the titration period of treatment with Rocaltrol, serum calcium levels should be checked at least twice weekly. When the optimal dosage of Rocaltrol has been determined, serum calcium levels should be checked every month (or as given below for individual indications). Samples for serum calcium estimation should be taken without a tourniquet.