anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects 20 million individuals worldwide and is the causative agent of HTLV associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Although only 5% of HTLV-infected individuals will develop HAM/TSP, the investigatorts have observed that about 30% have neurological complaints and/or neurogenic bladder associated with HTLV-1. The immunopathogenesis of those diseases is related to the exaggerated immune response with high production of cytokines and induced neurological injury. So far there is not any effective drug against HTLV-1 and modulation of the immune response can help to alleviate the clinical manifestations of those patients and prevent the progression of symptoms. The preliminary data show that pentoxifylline has ability to decrease production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in patients with HTLV-1 infection and patients with HAM/TSP. The proposal entitled "Evaluation of the efficacy of pentoxifylline in attenuating the neurological disease associated with HTLV-1 and negatively modulate the immune pathological response" extends the previous studies in order to determine the ability of pentoxifylline in modulate the immune response and modify the course of the clinical manifestations in patients infected with HTLV-1. The influence on the immune response in the expression of disease will be determined in a therapeutic trial with two groups of patients: 1) patients with neurogenic bladder associated with HTLV-1, 2) patients with HAM/TSP. Primary end point is clinical and neurological exam and secondary end point are measure of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1 and IL-6) and chemokines that attract T cells to sites of inflammation (CXCL9 and CXCL10).
Acute toxicity from cycloserine can occur if more than 1 g is ingested by an adult. Chronic toxicity from cycloserine is dose related and can occur if more than 500 mg is administered daily. Patients with renal impairment will accumulate cycloserine and may develop toxicity if the dosing regimen is not modified. Patients with severe renal impairment should not receive the drug. The central nervous system is the most common organ system involved with toxicity. Toxic effects may include headache, vertigo, confusion, drowsiness, hyperirritability, paresthesias, dysarthria, and psychosis. Following larger ingestions, paresis, convulsions, and coma often occur. Ethyl alcohol may increase the risk of seizures in patients receiving cycloserine.

The oral median lethal dose in mice is 5290 mg/kg.

Treatment

To obtain up–to–date information about the treatment of overdose, a good resource is your certified Regional Poison Control Center. Telephone numbers of certified poison control centers are listed in the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR). In managing overdosage, consider the possibility of multiple drug overdoses, interaction among drugs, and unusual drug kinetics in your patient.

Overdoses of cycloserine have been reported rarely. The following is provided to serve as a guide should such an overdose be encountered.

Protect the patient’s airway and support ventilation and perfusion. Meticulously monitor and maintain, within acceptable limits, the patient’s vital signs, blood gases, serum electrolytes, etc. Absorption of drugs from the gastrointestinal tract may be decreased by giving activated charcoal, which, in many cases, is more effective than emesis or lavage; consider charcoal instead of or in addition to gastric emptying. Repeated doses of charcoal over time may hasten elimination of some drugs that have been absorbed. Safeguard the patient’s airway when employing gastric emptying or charcoal.

In adults, many of the neurotoxic effects of cycloserine can be both treated and prevented with the administration of 200 to 300 mg of pyridoxine daily.

The use of hemodialysis has been shown to remove cycloserine from the bloodstream. This procedure should be reserved for patients with life-threatening toxicity that is unresponsive to less invasive therapy.
Heart disease in birds contributes to premature death and is usually detected postmortem. Echocardiography is a sensitive and noninvasive diagnostic modality but reported standard values for many species of birds, including American flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber), are unavailable. Echocardiography was opportunistically performed on 30 unsedated American flamingos during their annual routine health examination. Structural heart disease was not found in any of the examined birds. However, 18 birds showed varying degrees of dynamic intraventricular obstruction. Echocardiographic parameters are reported. Benign neurocardiogenic weakness or syncopal events during handling were suspected in three birds. Stress combined with an intraventricular obstruction is believed to have triggered a cascade of parasympathetic innervation and sympathetic inhibition, similar to neurally mediated reflex syncope in humans.
FIELD: organic chemistry. SUBSTANCE: method of synthesis of new derivatives of 1-aryl-2-arylhydroxyethane of the formula Ar-CH(R)-CH(R′)-O-Ar′ where Ar′ a ring of the formula (I)  , Ar a ring of the formula (II)   where p and n 1, 2; Z H, lower alkyl and others; Y - hydrogen, lower alkyl and others; X hydroxyl and others. Reaction conditions: compounds of the formula Ar(OH)(X) where Ar, X as indicated above were interacted with arylacetonitrile in the presence of acid catalyst. Synthesized compound is treated with lower alkylchloroformate followed by reduction to diarylethanol which is alkylated in the basic medium using carboxylic acid derivatives or phosphoric, or sulfuric, or sulfonic acids. Synthesized compounds were used in medicine. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis. 6 tbl
The researcher talked to children's caregivers, explained the study process and provided general consistent tips to the all of them, including firstly washing the affected area only with warm water, disposing the area to the fresh air and keep the area dry; secondly spreading the conventional topical steroid ointment on the affected area sparingly over the lesions borders forth times per day, then diaper the baby; finally not to apply any on the affected area such as wet wipes, essence contained soaps, barrier cream or other medications during the seventh day of the trial. The home follow-up visits took place and the researcher re-evaluated diaper area using the 5- point grading scale in the first, third and seventh day of trial.
Experimental Group 02: usual care + Topical Application of Urea cream. The intervention will be characterized by topical application of urea-based cream on the area irradiated three times daily throughout the period of realization of radiotherapy sessions, in addition to nursing consultation with instructional material (usual care).
INTRODUCTION: Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are several known risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage related to pregnancy and delivery, but less evidence of predisposing factors. Recent research has shown that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of cesarean section due to dystocia, based on its effect on striated muscle as well as possible effect on the myometrium. Whether vitamin D deficiency increases the risk for postpartum hemorrhage and especially atonic hemorrhage is unknown.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective translational study. The study population included 1367 women in Sweden and the main exposure was the serum concentration of 25-hydroxylated vitamin D at time of delivery. The LIASON® 25 OH vitamin D total assay method was used for analyzing 25-hydroxylated vitamin D. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as serum concentration <50 nmol/L and vitamin D deficiency as serum concentrations <25 nmol/L. Primary outcomes were postpartum hemorrhage and severe postpartum hemorrhage defined as bleeding ≥500 mL and ≥ 1000 mL, respectively 2 h after delivery. Secondary outcome was atonic postpartum hemorrhage. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated with 95% confidence intervals using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Three different adjustment methods were used, adjusting for maternal, obstetrical and neonatal confounders.
RESULTS: Postpartum hemorrhage and severe postpartum hemorrhage afflicted 31.3% and 6.4% of the women, respectively. Rate of atonic postpartum hemorrhage was 21% in the whole population. Rate of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency was 57%. Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency was neither found to be associated with postpartum hemorrhage, nor with atonic postpartum hemorrhage.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the vitamin D status of women at the time of delivery was not a predictor of postpartum hemorrhage overall or atonic postpartum hemorrhage.
The brain is the central organ of adaptation to stress because it perceives and determines threats that induce behavioral, physiological, and molecular responses. In humans, chronic stress manifests as an enduring consistent feeling of pressure and being overwhelmed for an extended duration. This can result in a persistent proinflammatory response in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS), resulting in cellular, physiological, and behavioral effects. Compounding stressors may increase the risk of chronic-stress-induced inflammation, which can yield serious health consequences, including mental health disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge surrounding the neuroinflammatory response in rodent models of chronic stress-a relationship that is continually being defined. Many studies investigating the effects of chronic stress on neuroinflammation in rodent models have identified significant changes in inflammatory modulators, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), and cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. This suggests that these are key inflammatory factors in the chronic stress response, which may contribute to the establishment of anxiety and depression-like symptoms. The behavioral and neurological effects of modulating inflammatory factors through gene knockdown (KD) and knockout (KO), and conventional and alternative medicine approaches, are discussed.
Approximately 90% of patients with limb amputations experience the persistent sensation of the missing extremity, a phenomenon known as phantom limb (PL). Most patients with PL also experience a persistent and debilitating pain in the missing limb, a condition known as phantom limb pain (PLP).PLP is often attributed to a disruption of the primary sensory-motor representation, generating "noise" in the representation of the missing extremity, manifesting as pain. If loss of sensory feedback causes degradation of the these cortices, interventions that provide visual feedback about the missing extremity might fine-tune the primary sensory-motor cortices, thereby reducing pain. Within this framework, the present study explores the use of virtual reality (VR) training as a possible treatment of PLP. Twenty-five subjects with lower-limb amputation and chronic PLP will undergo a Virtual Reality (VR) treatment (17 one-hour sessions) consisting in two phases: a Distraction VR phase (5-7 sessions) in which they will explore VR environments using a joystick and a Lower-Limb VR treatment phase (10-12 sessions) in which they will participate in a variety of games and activities using their VR lower-limbs. A comprehensive battery for the assessment of the characteristics, intensity and the daily-life implication of PLP will be presented before and after the treatment and in three follow up testing sessions (1,4, 8 weeks). Furthermore, pain intensity will be assessed before and after each VR session. A dramatic reduction of PLP is expected after the VR treatment and that these beneficial effects remain stable in time.
The invention belongs to the field of chemical medicine and particularly relates to a 5-fluorine-2,4-bis-substituted aminopyrimidine derivative and a preparation method and application thereof. The structure of the 5-fluorine-2,4-bis-substituted aminopyrimidine derivative is shown in the formula I. The preparation method of the 5-fluorine-2,4-bis-substituted aminopyrimidine derivative and the application of the 5-fluorine-2,4-bis-substituted aminopyrimidine derivative in preparation of medicine for treating tumors are further provided. The synthetic route is short, reaction conditions are simple, the yield is high, and derivatization is easy. A series of compounds have good anti-tumor activity and low toxicity. A new choice is provided for preparation of the anti-tumor medicine. See the formula in the specification.
Patients with aortic dilatation (n=100) scheduled for aortic MRI follow up in Kuopio University Hospital. Aortic 4D flow MRI will be done yearly for 5 years and flow parameters predicting aortic dilatation will be analysed.
Although tissue stiffness is known to play an important role in aortic dilatation, the current guidelines for offering preventative surgery in patients with Marfan syndrome rely solely on the aortic diameter. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we analyze and compare literature on in vivo aortic stiffness measures in Marfan patients. Our aim is to assess the potential of these measurements as early indicators of aortic dilatation. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we collected literature on diameter and three in vivo stiffness measures: Pulse wave velocity (PWV), β -stiffness index (SI) and distensibility, at five different aortic locations in patients with Marfan syndrome. Results were reviewed and compared against each other. For meta-analysis, an augmented dataset was created by combining data from the literature. Regression with respect to age and statistical comparisons were performed. Thirty articles reporting data from 1925 patients with Marfan and 836 patients without Marfan were reviewed. PWV was found to be higher in Marfan, but only in dilated aortas. Distensibility was found to be lower even in non-dilated aortas, and its decrease was associated with higher chances of developing aortic dilatation. β -SI was higher in Marfan patients and was positively correlated with the rate of aortic dilatation, emphasizing its role as a valuable indicator. In our meta-analysis, all stiffness measures showed a significant variation with age. Distensibility and β -stiffness index were different in Marfan patients at all locations, and the difference was more pronounced after accounting for age-related variation. From the literature, β -SI and distensibility emerge as the best predictors of future aortic dilatation. Our meta-analysis quantifies age-related changes in aortic stiffness and highlights the importance of accounting for age in comparing these measurements. Missing diameter values in the literature limited our analysis. Further investigation of criteria combining stiffness and diameter is recommended to better assist clinical decisions for prophylactic surgery.
Method for inhibiting live cells including eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells on an item utilized outside the human or animal body. The method includes the step of providing on the item a biologically inhibiting material including an anode material and a cathode material. Both the anode material and the cathode material have a positive galvanic potential, and the potential of the cathode material is higher than the potential of the anode material. The anode material and the cathode material each include exposed active surfaces. The exposed active surfaces include at least one of a plurality of separated areas of anode material and a plurality of separated areas of cathode material. A distance between any point on the active surface and both the adjacent cathode material and the adjacent anode material does not exceed 200 μm for inhibiting live cells including eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells on the item utilized outside the human or animal body.
Delirium and dementia are common causes of cognitive impairment in older adults. They are distinct but interrelated. Delirium, an acute confusional state, has been linked to the chronic and progressive loss of cognitive ability seen in dementia. Individuals with dementia are at higher risk for delirium, and delirium itself is a risk factor for incident dementia. Additionally, delirium in individuals with dementia can hasten underlying cognitive decline. In this review, we summarize recent literature linking these conditions, including epidemiological, clinicopathological, neuroimaging, biomarker, and experimental evidence supporting the intersection between these conditions. Strategies for evaluation and diagnosis that focus on distinguishing delirium from dementia in clinical settings and recommendations for delirium prevention interventions for patients with dementia are presented. We also discuss studies that provide evidence that delirium may be a modifiable risk factor for dementia and consider the impact of delirium prevention interventions on long-term outcomes.
It is a web-based parent training program with a coach. The program is comprised of 11 sessions, each focusing on a different parenting strategy, delivered using easy to read text, instructional videos and audio clips. One Booster Session is conducted 1 month after completion of Session 11.
In accordance with the present invention, there are provided methods for the treatment of polycystic kidney disease and related indications in mammals, employing IGF-I as the active agent. In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, it has been discovered that IGF-I is an effective agent for the treatment of renal dysplasias and/or renal hypoplasias in mammals. In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, it has been discovered that IGF-I is an effective agent for enhancing glomerular development in mammals. In accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention, it has been discovered that IGF-I is an effective agent for enhancing kidney development in mammals suffering from chronic organ injury.  In accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention, it has been discovered that IGF-I is an effective agent for protecting subjects from the ongoing toxicity of treatment with steroid hormones. In accordance with a still further embodiment of the present invention, it has been discovered that IGF-I is an effective agent for maintaining substantially normal growth in neonates and pre-pubescent mammals exposed to high dose steroid hormone therapy.
This is an open-label study in which PROCRIT® (Epoetin Alfa) will be given on a weekly basis starting at a dose lower than is currently approved by the U.S. FDA because treatment is beginning at a higher hemoglobin than usual. There is recent evidence to suggest that problems with disability occur in persons over 65 at higher hemoglobins than previously recognized. Currently, PROCRIT® (Epoetin Alfa) is prescribed for patients with chronic kidney disease three times a week at a dose of approximately 5,000 and 10,000 units per injection depending on the patient's weight. This study is starting with a lower dose because treatment is beginning earlier than it normally would. Currently, doctors usually do not begin PROCRIT® (Epoetin Alfa) in patients with chronic kidney disease until their hemoglobin is \<10 g/dL.

In this study PROCRIT® (Epoetin Alfa) will be given on a weekly basis starting at 5,000 units per injection if hemoglobin is \<12 g/dL. Each week hemoglobin will be checked and if after four weeks of treatment it is \< 13 g/dL, the PROCRIT® (Epoetin Alfa) dose will be increased to 10,000 Units. After another four weeks of treatment if the hemoglobin is \<13 g/dL, PROCRIT® (Epoetin Alfa) will be increased to 20,000 units. After another four weeks of treatment if the hemoglobin is \<13 g/dL, PROCRIT® (Epoetin Alfa) will be increased once more to a final dose of 40,000 units. In this study, patients will be treated with doses higher than currently approved for patients with chronic kidney disease. The primary measures of efficacy will be assessed using two disability tests to measure physical function compared from baseline to Week 5, Week 9, Week 13, Week 17/ Early Withdrawal and Week 20/Follow-up. The first test is called the "Short Physical Performance Battery" (SPP) which will test how well someone sits, stands and walks. The second test is called the "Six Minute Walk Test" (6MWT) which measures how far someone can walk during a six-minute period. Normal walking aids are allowed during this test. The study will also evaluate hemoglobin levels, number of transfusions, safety, incidence of anti-erythropoietin antibodies, Quality of Life and cognitive function (a measure of how clearly one is thinking). The study hypothesis is that physical function will improve when the hemoglobin level is increased. Patients will receive PROCRIT® (Epoetin Alfa) on a weekly basis starting at 5,000 units per injection (up to a maximum of 40,000 units).
Usual care. The control group will receive usual care, as decided by their GP and or hospital consultant, and the patient themselves (e.g., NHS 24 helpline). They will be asked to complete diary cards and receive telephone follow up calls as an attention control, similar to the intervention group.
The methods of the present invention demonstrate that adrenomedullin (AM) is expressed in human cancer cell lines of diverse origin and functions as a universal autocrine growth factor driving neoplastic proliferation. The present invention provides for AM peptides and AM antibodies useful in therapeutic, pharmacologic and physiologic compositions. The present invention additionally provides for methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease utilizing compositions comprising the AM peptides and antibodies of the present invention. The methods of the present invention also provide for experimental models for use in identifying the role of AM in pancreatic physiology. The methods pertaining to rat isolated islets have shown that AM  inhibits insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The monoclonal antibody MoAb-G6, which neutralizes AM bioactivity, was shown by the methods of the present invention to increase insulin release fivefold, an effect that was reversed by the addition of synthetic AM.
FIELD: medical engineering. SUBSTANCE: mustard plaster has two-sided fibrous base layer made of waterproof nonsoaking material. It is filled with mustard mass consisting of mustard powder and mixture of mustard cake and nuclei seeds ground up to size of 600-700 mcm in proportion of 9:1. Mustard plaster is divided into cells by seams. Cake is preferably not decontaminated, seed nuclei are preferably not degreased. EFFECT: improved hygiene and increased active time up to three years. 7 cl, 2 ex
Thioamides are prepared by reacting a thionic ester with a metal (e.g. Li, Na or halomagnesium) derivative of a primary or secondary amine.  The process is applicable particularly to the preparation of compounds of the general formula <FORM:1080879/C2/1> wherein R1 represents an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or alkoxyaryl radical, R2 represents an alkyl, aralkyl, haloaryl, nitroaryl, alkaryl, alkoxyaryl or dialkylaminoalkyl radical, and R3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical, from alkyl, aralkyl or aryl esters of acids R1.CS.OH.  The N-disubstituted products of the aliphatic series form methyl iodide addition products of the general formula <FORM:1080879/C2/2> wherein R1 and R11 represent any aliphatic hydrocarbon residues and R111 any hydrocarbon residue.  Thionic esters are prepared by reaction of H2S with imidoesters, preferably in the presence of a base, especially pyridine.  Imidoesters are prepared by the action of alkali, especially anhydrous NH3, on their hydrochlorides obtained by reacting nitriles with absolute ethanol and dry HCl.
Initiation of vasopressin as the first vasoactive agent (1 amp in 50 mlN/S) up to a maximum dose of 0.03 IU/min (2.3 ml/h). If the patient has MAP \<65 mmHg then noradrenaline will be started.