anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Carbidopa and levodopa extended-release tablets, USP are extended-release combination of carbidopa and levodopa for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and syndrome. 

Carbidopa, USP an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylation, is a white to creamy white, odorless or practically odorless powder, freely soluble in 3N hydrochloric acid; slightly soluble in water and in methanol; practically insoluble in alcohol, in acetone, in chloroform, and in ether, with a molecular weight of 244.24 g/mol. It is designated chemically as (-)-L-α- hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-α-methyldrocinnamic acid monohydrate. Its molecular formula is C10H14N2O4•H2O, and its structural formula is:

Tablet content is expressed in terms of anhydrous carbidopa, which has a molecular weight of 226.23 g/mol.

Levodopa, USP an aromatic amino acid, is a white to off-white crystalline powder, freely soluble in 3N hydrochloric acid, slightly soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol, with a molecular weight of 197.19 g/mol. It is designated chemically as (2S)-2-Amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid. Its molecular formula is C9H11NO4, and its structural formula is:

Carbidopa and levodopa extended-release tablets, USP are supplied as extended-release tablets containing either 50 mg of carbidopa and 200 mg of levodopa, or 25 mg of carbidopa and 100 mg of levodopa. Inactive ingredients: hydroxypropyl cellulose, lake blend purple (contains FD&C Red No. 40, FD &C Blue No. 2) and magnesium stearate.

The 50 mg/200 mg tablets are supplied as purple, oval, convex tablets, debossed with “G” left of bisect on one side and “391” on the other side with mottled appearance. The 25 mg/100 mg tablets are supplied as purple, oval, convex tablets, debossed with “G” on one side and “392” on other side with mottled appearance. The carbidopa and levodopa extended-release tablets are polymeric-based drug delivery system that controls the release of carbidopa and levodopa as it slowly erodes. Carbidopa and levodopa extended-release tablet, 25 mg/100 mg is available to facilitate titration and as an alternative to the half-tablet of carbidopa and levodopa extended-release tablet, 50 mg/200 mg.

Meets USP Dissolution Test 2.
The study product, in a capsule formulation, was made by the extract of Cinnamomum cassia (CC) and Withania somnifera (WS) (300 mg+150mg, respectively) (Nutrintech Ltd., London, UK) to be taken three times a day. All patients received a mildly hypocaloric diet (i.e., -20% of the usual caloric intake as assessed by a 24-hour dietary recall).
An implantable medical device (IMD) includes communication circuitry that enables the IMD to communicate via a network such as the Internet. A security routine is executed on the IMD to determine whether the IMD is capable over communicating via the network. If so, the IMD requests an identifier of current firmware stored on a server that is connected to the communication network. The identifier of the current firmware is compared to an identifier of firmware that is installed on the IMD. If the installed firmware is the same as the current firmware on the server, a timer is reset, but if the installed firmware cannot be verified as matching the current firmware on the server (e.g., because the IMD is not capable of communicating via the network), the timer continues to run. When the timer expires, the IMD is prevented from communicating via the network until further action is taken.
In this new grant, researchers hypothesize that ER stress-related dysfunction could inhibit production of myelin during neurodevelopment in WFS, as active and developing oligodendrocytes (cells that produce myelin in the brain) are more vulnerable to ER stress than mature ones. However, standard DTI methods conflate inflammatory processes (which can also be associated with ER stress) in the extra-axonal space with metrics of axonal and myelin integrity, leading to potentially confounded measurements. The research team proposea to collect novel, validated diffusion sequences on a new state of the art MRI scanner (Siemens Prisma) and apply cutting-edge analysis approaches to measure white matter integrity throughout the brain and in the optic nerve, improving the ability to draw conclusions about axonal and myelin integrity over time. Researchers will assess WFS patients annually at our WU Wolfram Research Clinic using these methods.

Findings from this work may indicate future targets for brain-specific intervention, identify outcome measures or high-risk subgroups for clinical trials targeting neurological symptoms. These data will also greatly expand our understanding of the cross-sectional and longitudinal phenotype of WFS1-mutation related disorders, rather than classically defined Wolfram Syndrome. Such knowledge will have a significant impact on patients and families by allowing physicians to provide more accurate prognoses. Finally, forms of ER stress-mediated apoptosis have been implicated in more common neurodegenerative, endocrine and neurodevelopmental diseases, which may benefit from the insights gained here.
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Although the effect of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) on the lower extremities is well documented, limited research exists on the effect of spinal stenosis on the posterior paraspinal musculature (PPM). Similar to neurogenic claudication, moderate to severe spinal canal compression can also interfere with the innervation of the PPM, which may result in atrophy and increased fatty infiltration (FI).
PURPOSE: This study aims to assess the association between LSS and atrophy of the PPM.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study.
PATIENT SAMPLE: Patients undergoing MRI scans at a tertiary orthopedic center for low back pain or as part of a preoperative evaluation.
OUTCOME MEASURES: The functional cross-sectional area (fCSA) and percent fatty infiltration (FI) of the PPM at L4.
METHODS: Lumbar MRIs of patients at a tertiary orthopedic center indicated due to lower back pain (LBP) or as a presurgical workup were analyzed. Patients with previous spinal fusion surgery or scoliosis were excluded. LSS was assessed according to the Schizas classification at all lumbar levels. The cross-sectional area of the PPM was measured on a T2-weighted MRI sequence at the upper endplate of L4. The fCSA and fatty infiltration (FI) were calculated using custom software. Crude differences in FI and fCSA between patients with no stenosis and at least mild stenosis were tested with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. To account for possible confounders, a multivariable linear regression model was used to adjust for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and disc degeneration. A subgroup analysis according to MRI indication was performed.
RESULTS: A total of 522 (55.7% female) patients were included. The median age was 61 years (IQR: 51-71). The greatest degree of moderate and severe stenosis was found at L4/5, 15.7%, and 9.2%, respectively. Stenosis was the least severe at L5/S1 and was found to be 2% for moderate and 0.2% for severe stenosis. The Wilcoxon test showed significantly increased FI of the PPM with stenosis at any lumbar level (p<.001), although no significant decrease in fCSA was observed. The multivariable regression model showed a significant increase in FI with increased LSS at L1/2, L2/3, and L3/4 (p=.013, p<.01 and p=.003). The severity of LSS at L4/5 showed a positive association with the fCSA (p=.019). The subgroup analysis showed, the effect of LSS was more pronounced in nonsurgical patients than in patients undergoing surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we demonstrated a significant and independent association between LSS and the composition of the PPM, which was dependent on the level of LSS relative to the PPM. In addition to neurogenic claudication, patients with LSS might be especially susceptible to axial muscle wasting, which could worsen LSS due to increased spinal instability, leading to a positive feedback loop.
Acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with the leukocyte infiltration and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that miR-146a is a valid regulator of the macrophage polarization in vitro inflammatory model. However, it is unclear whether miR-146a plays a protective role in ALI via modulating macrophage inflammation. To explore the potential therapeutic effect mechanism of miR-146a on ALI. We analyzed the expression of miR-146a in acute injured lung tissues and differentiated macrophage. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were employed in provoking the macrophage to polarization. We used miR-146a mimics to improve the overexpression of miR-146a and investigated the effect of increased miR-146a on LPS-induced ALI mice via the target of macrophage polarization. We showed that the expression of miR-146a markedly decreased in injured lung tissue and type M1 macrophage, while increased miR-146a expression exhibited in type M2 macrophage. Moreover, overexpression of miR-146a in LPS-induced macrophage reversed inflammatory M1 phenotype to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and mitigated inflammatory level via inhibiting Notch 1 signaling pathway. Hence, inflammation, infiltration, integrity of capillary barrier, and histology in ALI model were corrected after miR-146a overexpression treatment. These results suggested that miR-146a promotes type M2 macrophage polarization via restraining Notch 1 signaling pathway. Overexpression of miR-146a prevents inflammation damage and ameliorates lung damage after LPS induction. Therefore, miR-146a may serve as a promising target for the therapy of ALI in the future.
The invention discloses an application of bacillus subtilis plasmin in a medicament for treating silicosis. The bacillus subtilis fibrinolytic enzyme is prepared by fermenting bacillus subtilis. The bacillus subtilis fibrinolytic enzyme used as an active component is applied to the medicines for treating silicosis alone or in combination with other medicines. The bacillus subtilis fibrinolytic enzyme can be matched with pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials to be prepared into liquid medicaments, capsules or tablets. The bacillus subtilis fibrinolytic enzyme can reduce SiO 2 The induced silicosis inflammatory response controls the lesions in the early macrophage and lymphocyte stage, preventing fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis progression. The bacillus subtilis fibrinolytic enzyme has certain obstruction to the silicon pulmonary fibrosis processCan be used for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Many people with overweight and obesity are affected by sarcopenia, which is represented by a phenotype known as sarcopenic obesity (SO), characterized by excessive body fat (BF), combined with reduced muscle mass and strength. In this population, it is vital to identify the factors associated with SO. With this aim in mind, we investigated the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and SO in patients with overweight or obesity in a nutritional setting. A total of 256 participants (23.8% female) with overweight or obesity were involved and completed a body composition assessment, including VAT mass, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The sample was initially categorized according to whether the individual had the SO phenotype; they were then classified according to their VAT mass into three tertiles (lowest, medium, and highest). Among the 256 participants, who had a median body mass index (BMI) of 29.3 (interquartile range (IQR): 27.0-32.4) kg/m2 and a median age of 51.0 (IQR: 47.0-54.0) years, 32.4% were identified as having SO, and they displayed a higher median VAT mass (517.0 (IQR: 384.5-677.0) vs. 790.0 (IQR: 654.0-1007.0) g; p < 0.05). The logistic regression model that accounted for age, sex and BMI revealed that a higher VAT mass increases the risk of SO (odds ratio (OR) = 1.003; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001-1.004; p < 0.05). In conclusion, VAT mass appears to be an independent factor associated with SO in people with overweight or obesity. However, due to the cross-sectional design, no information regarding any causality between higher VAT mass and SO can be provided. Additional longitudinal research in this direction should therefore be conducted.
Participants assigned to the WALC-R intervention will attend a virtual baseline educational group session which will include a maximum of five people. The aim of the sessions will be to introduce the basics of the benefits of walking for exercise and why exercise is beneficial, as well as to give information, support and motivation to help participants to independently walk more in their daily routines.The group session will also include goal setting, in which participants will be encouraged to set their own daily walking targets to increase their habitual levels of walking. All participants will be given a pedometer to self-monitor how far they walk and a diary to record activity context throughout the intervention daily. Participants will meet briefly (20-30 minutes) via the internet with an assigned coach every 2 weeks.
A treatment method and genetic vectors are disclosed for non-invasive delivery of polypeptides through the blood brain barrier (BBB), to treat brain or spinal tissue. A genetic vector is used to transfect one or more neurons which “straddle” the BBB, such as sensory neurons, nocioceptive neurons, or lower motor neurons; this is done by administering the vector in a manner that causes it to contact neuronal projections that extend outside the BBB. Once inside a peripheral projection that belongs to a BBB-straddling neuron, the vectors (or some portion thereof) will be transported to the main cell body of the neuron, through a process called retrograde transport. Inside the main cell body, at least one gene carried by the genetic vector will be expressed, to form polypeptides. Some of these polypeptides (which can include leader sequences that will promote anterograde transport and secretion by BBB-straddling neurons) will be transported by the neurons to secretion sites inside the BBB. The polypeptides will be secreted by transfected neurons at locations inside the BBB, and will then contact and exert their effects upon secondary “target” neurons located entirely within the BBB. By using this system, polypeptides that stimulate nerve growth or activity can be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases, impaired limbs in stroke victims, etc., and polypeptides that suppress neuronal activity can be used to treat unwanted excessive neuronal activity, such as neuropathic pain. This approach also provides new methods for delivering endocrine and paracrine polypeptides into the CNS, thereby allowing improved medical and reproductive treatments in humans, and improved ability to modulate growth, maturation, reproduction, or other endocrine-related functions among livestock, endangered species, and other animals.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence, trends, and potential nosocomial transmission events of the hidden reservoir of rectal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E).
METHODS: From 2013 to 2022, yearly point prevalence surveys were conducted in a large Dutch teaching hospital. On the day of the survey, all admitted patients were screened for ESBL-E rectal carriage using peri-anal swabs and a consistent and sensitive selective culturing method. All Enterobacterales phenotypically suspected of ESBL production were analysed using whole genome sequencing for ESBL gene detection and clonal relatedness analysis.
RESULTS: On average, the ESBL-E prevalence was 4.6% (188/4,119 patients), ranging from 2.1 to 6.6% per year. The ESBL-prevalence decreased on average 5.5% per year. After time trend correction, the prevalence in 2016 and 2020 was lower compared to the other year. Among the ESBL-E, Escherichia coli (80%) and CTX-M genes (85%) predominated. Potential nosocomial transmission events could be found in 5.9% (11/188) of the ESBL-E carriers.
CONCLUSIONS: The ESBL-E rectal carriage prevalence among hospitalized patients was 4.6% with a downward trend from 2013 to 2022. The decrease in ESBL-E prevalence in 2020 could have been due to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent countrywide measures as no nosocomial transmission events were detected in 2020. However, the persistently low ESBL-E prevalences in 2021 and 2022 suggest that the decline in ESBL-E prevalence goes beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating that overall ESBL-E carriage rates are declining over time. Continuous monitoring of ESBL-E prevalence and transmission rates can aid infection control policy to keep antibiotic resistance rates in hospitals low.
The interplay of various body systems, encompassing those that govern cardiovascular and metabolic functions, has evolved alongside the development of multicellular organisms. This evolutionary process is essential for the coordination and maintenance of homeostasis and overall health by facilitating the adaptation of the organism to internal and external cues. Disruption of these complex interactions contributes to the development and progression of pathologies that involve multiple organs. Obesity-associated cardiovascular risks, such as hypertension, highlight the significant influence that metabolic processes exert on the cardiovascular system. This cardiometabolic communication is reciprocal, as indicated by substantial evidence pointing to the ability of the cardiovascular system to affect metabolic processes, with pathophysiological implications in disease conditions. In this review, I outline the bidirectional nature of the cardiometabolic interaction, with special emphasis on the impact that metabolic organs have on the cardiovascular system. I also discuss the contribution of the neural circuits and autonomic nervous system in mediating the crosstalk between cardiovascular and metabolic functions in health and disease, along with the molecular mechanisms involved.
Lipofuscin is a complex mixture of highly oxidized, cross-linked macromolecules that accumulates in neurons with age and some neurodegenerative diseases. Equine dysautonomia (ED) is a polyneuropathy that mainly affects autonomic and enteric nervous systems, resulting in alimentary tract dysfunction. Our main aim was to determine whether neuronal lipofuscin increased with increasing duration of ED. We investigated the prevalence of lipofuscin in cranial cervical ganglia of horses with acute (AED), subacute (SED), and chronic ED (CED), young controls (of similar age to ED cases), and aged controls (n = 8 per group). We used Schmorl stain for histologic detection of lipofuscin and assessed its accumulation in neurons using image analysis software. The percentage of neurons positive for lipofuscin increased with age in individual groups and all groups combined (p < 0.001). There were fewer positive neurons in AED and SED compared to aged controls (p < 0.001) and more in CED than AED cases (p = 0.042) and young controls (p = 0.012). We found a strong positive correlation between percentage positive neurons and percentage positive area of the neuron containing lipofuscin for combined groups (p < 0.001). Although neuronal lipofuscin increased in cranial cervical ganglion in CED cases, it remains to be determined whether this is a cause or consequence of neuronal degeneration.
Primary care and hospital pediatricians of other IHOs where the care pathway is not implemented, but with similar characteristics to those in the experimental group, and with a proportion of 1:2. 166 participants in total.
Participants will be instructed and counseled to incorporate a 12-hour Time Restricted Eating (TRE) regimen that begins upon waking and concludes within a 12-hour period (e.g. if wake at 6:30 AM then all caloric intake occurs between 6:30 AM and 6:30 PM). Water and non-caloric beverages (e.g. herbal tea) outside the period are encouraged as desired. There are no specific content or energy intake changes to the diet counseled or recommended as the focus of the counseling in this arm is timing of eating with innate circadian patterns and developing plans and approaches to follow this plan.
Disclosed is a system comprising a compiler node. The compiler node is configured for receiving first analysis instruction data from instruction node(s), generating second analysis instruction data and for accessing a data structure for storing analysis specifiers of different types. The first analysis instruction data comprise first analysis instructions. A part of the first analysis instructions is of a type A. The second analysis instruction data comprise second analysis instructions. A part of the second analysis instructions is of a type B. The compiler node is further configured for determining for each of the first analysis instructions a type of a corresponding second analysis instruction and for searching for associations of first analysis instructions in the data structure, for which the determined type is different from the actual type of the analysis instruction. The compiler node is also configured for generating at least one or a plurality of association(s) of analysis specifiers for at least one or a plurality of the first analysis instruction(s), for which associations to the determined type were not found in the data structure. Additionally, the compiler node is configured for generating for some of the first analysis instructions a corresponding second analysis instruction of the respectively determined type. Corresponding methods and computer program products are disclosed as well.
A pea-sized amount, \~0.5 grams, will be applied to a 10cm strip over the deltopectoral interval beginning the morning 48 hours prior to schedule research visit to obtain cultures. The benzoyl peroxide will be applied on dry skin after a shower. The gel will be applied once in the morning and once in the evening for two consecutive days as well as the morning of the scheduled research visit. Following treatment, a skin swab culture of the treatment shoulder will be taken, both the treatment shoulder and control shoulder will be sterilely prepped with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution with 70% isopropyl alcohol and allowed to dry for 3 minutes. Following chlorhexidine preparation, a single set of cultures will be obtained from each shoulder.
PURPOSE:An antitumor agent that contains ikarugamycin as an active ingredient, thus showing high antitumor activity and permitting oral administration. CONSTITUTION:The objective agent contains ikarugamycin of the formula showing excellent antitumor activity as an active ingredient. Ikarugamycin has been known that it has antitrichomoniatic activity as well as a weak antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria and has following properties: molecular formula, C29H38N2O4; molecular weight, 478; melting point, 252-255 deg.C; fine needle crystals. The substance is readily produced by fermentation process. The compound is combined with a diluent and aids and prepared into tablets, capsules or granules and given orally. The dose is 0.01-500mg/adult body weight kg/day on oral administration in portions.
Because the dimercaprol-metal complex breaks down easily in an acid medium, production of an alkaline urine affords protection to the kidney during therapy. Medicinal iron should not be administered to patients under therapy with BAL in Oil (Dimercaprol Injection USP). 

BAL in Oil Ampules is formulated with peanut oil. Peanut oil may cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Physicians should use caution in prescribing BAL in Oil Ampules for peanut-sensitive patients. Medication and equipment necessary to treat allergic reactions should be available if the product is administered to peanut-allergic patients.