No studies of carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or impairment of fertility were conducted with AIRSUPRA; however, available studies for the individual components, albuterol and budesonide, are described below. Findings are reported based on the MRHDID for albuterol and budesonide contained in AIRSUPRA.

Albuterol   
In a 2-year study in Sprague-Dawley rats, albuterol sulfate caused a dose-related increase in the incidence of benign leiomyomas of the mesovarium at and above dietary doses of 2 mg/kg/day (approximately 15 times the MRHDID for adults on a mg/m2 basis). In another study this effect was blocked by the coadministration of propranolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. In an 18-month study in CD-1 mice, albuterol sulfate showed no evidence of tumorigenicity at dietary doses of up to 500 mg/kg/day (approximately 1,900 times the MRHDID for adults on a mg/m2 basis). In a 22-month study in Golden Hamsters, albuterol sulfate showed no evidence of tumorigenicity at dietary doses of up to 50 mg/kg/day (approximately 250 times the MRHDID for adults on a mg/m2 basis).

Albuterol sulfate was not mutagenic in the Ames test or a mutation test in yeast. Albuterol sulfate was not clastogenic in a human peripheral lymphocyte assay or in an AH1 strain mouse micronucleus assay.

Reproduction studies in rats demonstrated no evidence of impaired fertility at oral doses up to 50 mg/kg/day (approximately 380 times the MRHDID for adults on a mg/m2 basis).

Budesonide   
In a 2-year study in Sprague-Dawley rats, budesonide caused a statistically significant increase in the incidence of gliomas in male rats receiving an oral dose of 50 mcg/kg/day (approximately 0.5 times the MRHDID in adults on a mcg/m2 basis). No tumorigenicity was seen in male rats at oral doses up to 25 mcg/kg/day (approximately 0.5 times the MRHDID in adults on a mcg/m2 basis) and in female rats at oral doses up to 50 mcg/kg/day (approximately 0.5 times the MRHDID doses in adults on a mcg/m2 basis). In two additional 2-year studies in male Fischer and Sprague-Dawley rats, budesonide caused no gliomas at an oral dose of 50 mcg/kg/day (approximately 0.5 times the MRHDID in adults on a mcg/m2 basis). However, in the male Sprague-Dawley rats, budesonide caused a statistically significant increase in the incidence of hepatocellular tumors at an oral dose of 50 mcg/kg/day (approximately 0.5 times the MRHDID in adults on a mcg/m2 basis). The concurrent reference corticosteroids (prednisone and triamcinolone acetonide) in these two studies showed similar findings.

There was no evidence of a carcinogenic effect when budesonide was administered orally for 91 weeks to mice at doses up to 200 mcg/kg/day (equal to the MRHDID in adults on a mcg/m2 basis). Budesonide was not mutagenic or clastogenic in six different test systems: Ames Salmonella/microsome plate test, mouse micronucleus test, mouse lymphoma test, chromosome aberration test in human lymphocytes, sex-linked recessive lethal test in Drosophila melanogaster, and DNA repair analysis in rat hepatocyte culture.

Fertility and reproductive performance were unaffected in rats at subcutaneous doses up to 80 mcg/kg/day (approximately 0.8 times the MRHDID in adults on a mcg/m2 basis). At a subcutaneous dose of 20 mcg/kg/day (approximately 0.2 times the MRHDID in adults on a mcg/m2 basis), decreases in maternal body weight gain, prenatal viability, and viability of the young at birth and during lactation were observed. No such effects were noted at 5 mcg/kg/day (approximately 0.05 times the MRHDID in adults on a mcg/m2 basis).