anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure is associated with harmful hepatic outcomes. Growing evidence indicates that crosstalk between the gut microbiome, immune system, and liver plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PFOS exposure during pregnancy and lactation on hepatic inflammation in rat offspring. Features of hepatic inflammation and increased levels of aspartate-amino transferase (AST) were found in pups on postnatal day 28 (PND28) in PFOS-exposed groups. Gut microbiota analysis identified Chitinophaga, Ralstonia, and Alloprevotella as the key genera in distinguishing the PFOS-exposed group from the control group. Metabolic and transcriptomic analyses found that PFOS exposure resulted in 48 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in the serum, 62 DEMs in the liver, and 289 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the liver of PND28 pups. The immune response is significantly enriched in PFOS-exposed liver on PND28; multi-omics analysis indicated that PFOS might lead to immune response perturbation by disturbing the metabolic profiling in the liver. The changed gut microbiota was significantly related to the serum level of the liver function index. Specifically, Alloprevotella, Chitinophage, Ruminococcus, and Allobaculum were significantly associated with the metabolic abundance changes of 4-Hydroxydebrisoquine, L-Norvaline, and Eremopetasinorol, and the gene expression changes of Acat211, Msmol, Idi1, Sqle, and Gadd45b in the liver. These findings suggest that early-life PFOS exposure may be associated with adverse hepatic inflammation in young offspring via disruption of the gut-liver crosstalk, which may provide mechanistic clues for clarifying the hepatotoxicity in offspring associated with perinatal PFOS exposure.
Patients underwent surgery under general anesthesia and received the perioperative routine protocol of analgesia by using I.V. fentanyl (1µg/kg), with elevation of mean arterial blood pressure for more than 20% of their baseline values, additional bolus doses of fentanyl 0.5 µg /kg.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Pregnant women are advised to consume a minimum of 175 g per day of carbohydrate to meet maternal and fetal brain glucose requirements. This recommendation comes from a theoretical calculation of carbohydrate requirements in pregnancy, rather than from clinical data. This study aimed to determine whether fasting maternal ketone levels are associated with habitual carbohydrate intake in a subset of participants of the Study of PRobiotics IN Gestational diabetes (SPRING) randomised controlled trial.
METHODS: Food frequency questionnaires on dietary intake during pregnancy were completed by pregnant women with overweight or obesity at 28 weeks' gestation (considering their intake from the beginning of pregnancy). Dietary intake from early pregnancy through to 28 weeks was analysed for macronutrient intake. At the same time, overnight fasting serum samples were obtained and analysed for metabolic parameters including serum β-hydroxybutyrate, OGTTs, insulin and C-peptide.
RESULTS: Fasting serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels amongst 108 women (mean BMI 34.7 ± 6.3 kg/m2) ranged from 22.2 to 296.5 μmol/l. Median fasting β-hydroxybutyrate levels were not different between women with high (median [IQR] 68.4 [49.1-109.2 μmol/l]) and low (65.4 [43.6-138.0 μmol/l]) carbohydrate intake in pregnancy. Fasting β-hydroxybutyrate levels were not correlated with habitual carbohydrate intake (median 155 [126-189] g/day). The only metabolic parameter with which fasting β-hydroxybutyrate levels were correlated was 1 h venous plasma glucose (ρ=0.23, p=0.03) during a 75 g OGTT.
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Fasting serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels are not associated with habitual carbohydrate intake at 28 weeks' gestation in pregnant women with overweight and obesity.
Participants that are randomized to the Bocaliner Group will place Bocaliner™ inside of their mouth for 5 minutes and fill out the Initial Bocaliner™ Questionnaire. They will then continue all original therapy for oral mucositis, including oral topical treatments and general hygiene, and will place the Bocaliner™ device inside of their mouth and hold it in place up to 40 minutes as instructed after each topical treatment.
B-cell malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM), remain incurable, with MM particularly prone to relapse. Our study introduces a novel mouse model with active RANK signaling and the TCL1 oncogene, displaying both CLL and MM phenotypes. In younger mice, TCL1 and RANK expression expands CLL-like B1-lymphocytes, while MM originates from B2-cells, becoming predominant in later stages and leading to severe disease progression and mortality. The induced MM mimics human disease, exhibiting features like clonal plasma cell expansion, paraproteinemia, anemia, and kidney and bone failure, as well as critical immunosurveillance strategies that promote a tumor-supportive microenvironment. This research elucidates the differential impacts of RANK activation in B1- and B2-cells and underscores the distinct roles of single versus combined oncogenes in B-cell malignancies. We also demonstrate that human MM cells express RANK and that inhibiting RANK signaling can reduce MM progression in a xenotransplantation model. Our study provides a rationale for further investigating the effects of RANK signaling in B-cell transformation and the shaping of a tumor-promoting microenvironment.
We propose to enroll 40 veterans with antipsychotic induced tremor in this RCT of gabapentin. Baseline measurements will be obtained with the tremor section of the UPDRS, the Simpson-Angus Scale, the ESRS, AIMS, and the Barnes Akathisia SScale. The Tremorometer, an instrument designed to quantatatively measure frequency, amplitude, and tremor power will be used for baseline and subsequent assessments. Demographic data will be collected. Diagnoses will be established with the SCID. Appropriate lab studies with an EKG will be done at baseline and at study end. Patients will be randomized to gabapentin or placebo and assessed on a blinded basis. Effectiveness of the blind will be assessed at study end. Gabapentin will be started at 300 mg/day and tapered up to a maximum of 1800 mg/day. The SF36 will be used to assess quality of life.
In U.S. placebo-controlled clinical trials for MDD, convulsions (or reactions described as possibly having been seizures) were reported in 0.1% of patients treated with fluoxetine and 0.2% of patients treated with placebo. No patients reported convulsions in U.S. placebo-controlled clinical trials for either OCD or bulimia. In U.S. fluoxetine clinical trials, 0.2% of 10,782 patients reported convulsions. The percentage appears to be similar to that associated with other marketed drugs effective in the treatment of MDD. Fluoxetine should be introduced with care in patients with a history of seizures. There have been rare reports of prolonged seizures in patients taking fluoxetine who are also receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatment.
PURPOSE: An anticancer pharmaceutical composition containing extracellular domain 1 of D6 decoy receptor is provided to suppress angiogenesis and cell infiltration. CONSTITUTION: An extracellular domain 1 of D6 decoy receptor has an amino acid of sequence number 1. A pharmaceutical composition for suppressing angiogenesis contains extracellular domain 1 of D6 decoy receptor. A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cancer contains extracellular domain 1 of D6 decoy receptor. A pharmaceutical composition for suppressing cancer metastasis contains extracellular domain 1 of D6 decoy receptor. The pharmaceutical composition for suppressing cancer metastasis suppresses call migration and cell infiltration.
Thyroid cancer (TC), the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, is currently the fifth most common malignancy diagnosed in women (1). The incidence of TC in the United States has increased by an average of 3% per year over the past 4 decades. According to the China National Cancer Registry data in 2015 (3), there were estimated 90,000 new TC cases in China, and its incidence has risen sharply. Much progress has been made in exploring the etiology and pathogenesis of thyroid cancer, while the exact etiology remains unknown, TC is thought to arise from interactions between genetic susceptibility factors, epigenetic effects, and various environmental factors. Besides the improvement of diagnosis, TC increasing incidence emphasize that other important factors such as the environment play an important role in disease pathogenesis. While microbiota as an environment factor to some cancers accept widespread attention, if microbiota also as a risk factor for TC, it is worthy to be considered.
NEW MATERIAL:A compound expressed by formula I (R1 represents H, OH, methoxy, amino or dimethylamino; R2 and R3 represent H or methoxy; R4 represents H, amino or dimethylamino; R5 represents H or alkyl; excepting cases wherein all R1-R4 represent H commonly, wherein R1 represents OH, R2-R4 represent H and R5 represents butyl, and wherein R1 represents methoxy, R2-R4 represent H and R5 represents propyl or butyl). EXAMPLE:4-Amino-3-butylphthalide. USE:An agent for decreasing blood viscosity. PREPARATION:A compound expressed by formula II is subjected to reduction or reduction accompanied with methylation to afford the compound expressed by formula I. The compound expressed by formula II can be obtained by reacting phthalic anhydrides compounds previously substituted with OH group, methoxy group, nitro group, etc. with a compound expressed by the formula (R5CO)2O in the presence of sodium acetate.
Prescription Mouth Rinse. Rinse with 15ml twice daily then expectorate.
Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for treating and immunizing against  C .  auris  infection and colonization. The compositions and methods include polypeptides and fragments derived from the  C .  albicans  Als3 protein, homologs thereof, and antibodies or fragments thereof that specifically bind these polypeptides and fragments. Administration of these compositions confers treatment and resistance against  C .  auris  infection and colonization.
Methods for treatment of people afflicted with COVID-19 are described. The methods include administration of azoximer bromide to people afflicted with COVID-19. Methods of prophylaxis against COVID-19 by administering azoximer bromide are also described herein. The methods include administration of azoximer bromide to healthy people not afflicted with COVID-19. Azoximer bromide may be administered intravenously, as a pill, nasal spray, and/or suppository, with each treatment dose being designed to complement the mode of administration. Azoximer bromide may be administered for treating COVID-19 as part of a complex therapy including at least one of a vitamin, mineral, antibiotic, antiviral, immunosuppressant, hydroxychloroquine, and anti-coagulant.
Frailty is a condition that is frequently observed among patients undergoing dialysis. Frailty is characterized by a decline in both physiological state and cognitive state, leading to a combination of symptoms, such as weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity level, weakness, and slow walking speed. Frail patients not only experience a poor quality of life, but also are at higher risk of hospitalization, infection, cardiovascular events, dialysis-associated complications, and death. Frailty occurs as a result of a combination and interaction of various medical issues in patients who are on dialysis. Unfortunately, frailty has no cure. To address frailty, a multifaceted approach is necessary, involving coordinated efforts from nephrologists, geriatricians, nurses, allied health practitioners, and family members. Strategies such as optimizing nutrition and chronic kidney disease-related complications, reducing polypharmacy by deprescription, personalizing dialysis prescription, and considering home-based or assisted dialysis may help slow the decline of physical function over time in subjects with frailty. This review discusses the underlying causes of frailty in patients on dialysis and examines the methods and difficulties involved in managing frailty among this group.
INTRODUCTION: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is endemic in Africa. It is a major aetiological factor in the development of peptic ulcer disease and distal gastric cancers. Existing data shows that clinical outcomes are dependent on the virulence of the infecting strain, host´s susceptibility, and environmental factors. In Ghana, a previous study showed that the majority of symptomatic individuals harboured cagA and vacA virulent strains. The main objective of this study was to characterize and assess the significance of other virulence factors, specifically iceA and babA2 in Ghana.
METHODS: H. pylori iceA and babA2 genes were investigated in dyspeptic patients at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Accra, Ghana. The study employed a cross-sectional design consecutively recruiting patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms for endoscopy. Nucleic acid was extracted from gastric biopsies using a commercial kit (QIAGEN DNeasy tissue kit). H. pylori babA2 and iceA genes were amplified using extracted deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and primers by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
RESULTS: majority, (71.1%), of the study participants, were H. pylori positive when tested with urease-campylobacter-like organism (CLO). In total, 46 H. pylori urease CLO-positive samples were randomly analyzed by PCR for iceA, of which, 12 (26%) and 7 (15%) were found to have iceA1 and iceA2 respectively. Of the CLO-positive samples, 9 were randomly analysed for babA2 by PCR. Three samples were babA2 positive and 6 were babA2 negative.
CONCLUSION: in Ghana, although H. pylori is endemic, iceA prevalence is rather low and probably exerts a limited effect on bacterial virulence. Further evaluation would be required, not only to determine association with other virulence factors but more importantly, inter-relationships with wider host and environmental factors that impact on disease pathogenesis.
BACKGROUND: A significant number of patients require non-tunneled haemodialysis catheters (NTHCs) in the event of an urgent need for immediate haemodialysis in developing countries. Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are a major concern in haemodialysis, but there is a lack of local epidemiological data. This study aimed to determine the incidence of CRBSI, causative agents and associated risk factors in a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka.
METHODS: A prospective study was conducted at the dialysis unit of Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka from December 2019 to August 2020. Adult patients who had haemodialysis for the first time with NTHCs were included.
RESULTS: Of 149 dialysis patients (104-jugular vein and 45-femoral vein, mean age 58 ± 13.7 years, mean duration of catheterization 7.9 ± 3.4 days), the incidence of CRBSI was 13.58 per 1000 catheter days. Serum albumin levels, capillary blood sugar levels at admission, haemoglobin levels and duration of catheterization were significantly associated with CRBSI. Prescence of diabetes and patients with ESRD who started routine haemodialysis had a significantly higher risk of CRBSI. Gram-positive bacteria were the most common microorganisms associated with CRBSI (87.5%).
CONCLUSIONS: Our results show high rates of infection with temporary vascular catheters in Sri Lanka, mainly due to Gram-positive bacteria. Diabetes mellitus, duration of catheterisation, low serum albumin, haemoglobin level and CBS on admission were identified as significant risk factors for CRBSI. Management strategies tailored to specific centers should be established in the nation to optimise catheter care and to monitor local microbiology for appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment.
Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are chronic major health disorders. The exact mechanism of the neuroimmune dysfunctions of these disease pathogeneses is currently not clearly understood. These disorders show dysregulated neuroimmune and inflammatory responses, including activation of neurons, glial cells, and neurovascular unit damage associated with excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, neurotoxic mediators, and infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain, as well as entry of inflammatory mediators through damaged neurovascular endothelial cells, blood-brain barrier and tight junction proteins. Activation of glial cells and immune cells leads to the release of many inflammatory and neurotoxic molecules that cause neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Gulf War Illness (GWI) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) are chronic disorders that are also associated with neuroimmune dysfunctions. Currently, there are no effective disease-modifying therapeutic options available for these diseases. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons, astrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells and pericytes are currently used for many disease models for drug discovery. This review highlights certain recent trends in neuroinflammatory responses and iPSC-derived brain cell applications in neuroinflammatory disorders.
Over the years, pancreatic cancer has experienced a global surge in incidence and mortality rates, largely attributed to the influence of obesity and diabetes mellitus on disease initiation and progression. In this study, we investigated the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer in mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) and observed an increase in citric acid expenditure. Notably, citrate treatment demonstrates significant efficacy in promoting tumor cell apoptosis, suppressing cell proliferation, and inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. Our investigations revealed that citrate achieved these effects by releasing secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) proteins, repolarizing M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages, and facilitating tumor cell apoptosis. Overall, our research highlights the critical role of citric acid as a pivotal metabolite in the intricate relationship between obesity and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we uncovered the significant metabolic and immune checkpoint function of SPARC in pancreatic cancer, suggesting its potential as both a biomarker and therapeutic target in treating this patient population.
OBJECTIVE: Providing current, evidence-based information to cancer survivors is critical for informed decision making. People diagnosed with a rare cancer report higher unmet information needs compared to common cancer survivors. However, interventions providing informational support for rare cancers are limited. Therefore, the aims of this systematic review were to identify and synthesise interventions decreasing survivors' information needs and/or improving satisfaction with information, and to explore potential components to be included in an intervention for rare cancer survivors.
METHODS: Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library. Studies reporting an intervention targeting information needs and/or patient satisfaction with information in survivors of any cancer type were included. Data were extracted, a quality assessment performed and findings were synthesised.
RESULTS: A total of 7012 studies were identified and 34 were included in the review. Five studies targeted patients with a rare cancer type; the remaining studies included common cancer survivors. Interventions varied in relation to the mode of information provision, timing of intervention delivery, and the intervention provider. The most promising interventions included face-to-face communication and written material and were delivered by a nurse. All rare cancer studies were designed around a web-based program, but none of them improved outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Interventions targeting information needs and/or patient satisfaction with information in rare cancer survivors are lacking. Future studies should focus on this underserved group, and successful aspects of interventions for common cancer survivors should be considered for inclusion when designing an intervention for rare cancer survivors.
Hepatic fibrosis is a global health burden that accounts for high mortality. No definitive therapy to suppress the fibrosis so far. Thus, looking for an effective remedy to address the unmet medical need is crucial. We aimed to scrutinize the efficacy of royal jelly (RJ) and/or α-Bisabolol (BISA) in the regression of fibrosis provoked by thioacetamide (TAA), focusing on their action on redox status, NF-κBp65, apoptosis, and TGF-β1/FAK/α-SMA pathway. TAA was injected intraperitoneally twice weekly to trigger hepatic fibrosis. Rats were gavaged with RJ (100 mg/kg) and/or BISA (50 mg/kg) daily for 8 weeks. The findings elucidated that RJ and/or BISA alleviated TAA-provoked fibrosis mirrored by the improvement of hepatotoxicity serum indices, abolishing oxidative stress, and repair the morphological alterations. Additionally, RJ and BISA suppressed the hepatic inflammation induced by TAA through downregulating NF-κBp65 expression, reducing TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations, and elevating IL-10 level. Their anti-fibrotic effect was emphasized from the decline in FAK, Smad3, COL-III, hydroxyproline levels, and TGF-β1, α-SMA immunoexpression. BISA displayed better ameliorative action than RJ. Conclusively, RJ and/or BISA possess a hepatoprotective activity against TAA-mediated fibrosis by enhancing antioxidant defense, inhibiting NF-κBp65, and modulating TGF-β1/FAK/α-SMA signaling. RJ and BISA might be prospective candidates to combat hepatic fibrosis.
Hormonal changes during the menopause transition may lead to vasomotor symptoms, including hot flashes (HFs) and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and irritability. We hypothesized that the effects of cassis polyphenol (CaP) to improve microcirculation and vasorelaxation may alleviate menopausal symptoms. We performed a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial involving 59 healthy women (mean [standard deviation] age, 51.3 [4.3] years; body mass index, 20.8 [2.6] kg/m2). Participants experiencing subjective menopausal symptoms consumed CaP tablets (400 mg/d, CaP group) or placebo tablets (placebo group) for 4 weeks. Participants were evaluated using questionnaires at baseline, during the 4-week intervention period, and during a 2-week postinterventional observation period. The primary objective was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with CaP on HFs in healthy Japanese women with menopausal symptoms. Additional assessments included the modified Kupperman menopausal index, World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index, World Health Organization quality-of-life 26-item index, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (anxiety and trait components), and Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi sleep inventory (middle-aged and elderly versions). During the 4-week intervention period, no significant between-group differences were detected in the HF frequency, HF score, sweating frequency, menopausal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety, or sleep. During the 2-week postintervention observational period, the HF score and sweating frequency were significantly decreased in the CaP group compared with the placebo group. These findings suggest that twice daily intake of CaP for 4 weeks does not alleviate menopause symptoms, but the improvement observed in the CaP intake group during the postintervention period warrants confirmation through further large-scale studies.