anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are symptom-based disorders categorized by anatomic location but have high overlap and heterogeneity. Viewing DGBI symptoms on a spectrum (i.e. dimensionally) rather than categorically may better inform interventions to accommodate complex clinical presentations. We aimed to evaluate symptom networks to identify how DGBI symptoms interact.
METHODS: We used the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire continuously/ordinally scored items collected from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study. We excluded participants who reported ≥1 organic/structural gastrointestinal disorder(s). We sought to (1) identify core symptoms in the DGBI symptom networks, (2) identify bridge pathways between Rome IV diagnostic categories (esophageal, bowel, gastroduodenal, anorectal), and (3) explore how symptoms group together into communities.
RESULTS: Of 54,127 adults, 20,229 met criteria for at least one DGBI (age mean = 42.2 ± 15.5; 57% female). General abdominal pain and epigastric pain were the core symptoms in the DGBI symptom network (i.e., had the strongest connections to other symptoms). Pain symptoms emerged as bridge pathways across existing DGBI diagnostic anatomic location (i.e., abdominal pain connected to chest pain, epigastric pain, rectal pain). Without a priori category definitions, exploratory network community analysis showed that symptoms grouped together into "pain," "gastroduodenal," and "constipation," rather than into groups by anatomic location.
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest pain symptoms are central and serve as a key connection to other symptoms, crosscutting anatomic location. Future longitudinal research is needed to test symptom network relations longitudinally and investigate whether targeting pain symptoms (rather than anatomic- or disorder-specific symptoms) has clinical impact.
Volumizing grafts useful for plastic and reconstructive surgery, especially those involving replacement or enhancement of tissue mass and volume. The volumizing graft includes a sheet shaped body made of a biocompatible material which forms, or is capable of forming, a shape having a cavity for receiving, holding, containing, etc., one or more additional components. Either or both of the sheet shaped body and additional components may be bioactive. Either or both of the sheet shaped body and additional components may comprise tissue derived matrices. The sheet shaped body of the volumizing graft enables the additional components to be positioned, oriented, affixed, or some combination thereof, in or proximate to a treatment site, either permanently or temporarily. This may allow subsequent removal, repositioning, replacement, supplementing, or a combination thereof, of the additional components, at the treatment site.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To present current evidence in long-term (> 5 years) results after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) focusing on Patients Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and other sinonasal outcomes while assessing the role of ESS in the treatment of CRSwNP, and identifying outcomes which affect the results of ESS and defining recommendations for future studies.
RECENT FINDINGS: Long-term results of ESS in CRSwNP can be branched in PROMs and other objective measurements. Despite the heterogeneity of reported outcomes make it difficult to perform comparisons and meta-analysis, ESS improves PROMs, including symptoms, QOL and olfaction. Objectives outcomes such as NPS, LMS, type of surgery, or recurrence and revision surgery don't have a clear role in long-term results. Clustering patients suggest asthma, N-ERD, allergy, eosinophil count and IL-5 could have a role in predicting recurrence and severe disease. Long-term studies of CRSwNP treated with ESS are scarce. There is a significant need to standardize the report of results. The use of tools as SNOT-22, NPS, validated smell tests, defined criteria for disease recurrence and control and ESS extension in a unified systematic way could allow better comparisons between treatments in the new era of biologics.
The baby will be placed on the mother's lap 2 minutes before the procedure. 2 minutes before the heel lance, the mother starts to breastfeed her baby and continues to breastfeed throughout the procedure and until the last touch to baby. If necessary, the researcher may verbally warn the mother in a calm tone to continue breastfeeding throughout the procedure. During the resting period (last 2 minutes) after the blood draw is completed, the baby stays on the mother's lap.
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic disease of the digestive tract whose pathogenesis remains not fully understood. Several studies have implicated the gut microbiota as a key player in the onset of gut inflammation. However, most of the data is based on case-control studies comparing patients with established disease with controls, usually healthy individuals. The study by Raygoza Garay and colleagues shows for the first time that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota precede CD onset by up to five years. The authors developed a microbiome risk score using a machine-learning model that included bacterial composition and clinical variables from a large cohort of healthy first-degree relatives of patients with CD. This study provides strong evidence that the alterations of the gut microbiota is causal in CD pathogenesis and suggest that early intervention targeting it may be an appropriate preventive strategy.
Human minor histocompatibility Ags (mHag) play an important role in the induction of CTL reactivity against tumours after HLA-identical allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). As most mHag are not tumour specific but also expressed by normal tissues, anti-tumour reactivity is often associated with life-threatening graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Here, we describe the use of newly found tumour specific mHag for the development of novel means and methods for the treatment of cancer. In one example we identified a novel mHag, HB-1, that elicits donor-derived CTL reactivity in a B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patient treated by HLA-matched BMT. We identified the gene encoding the antigenic peptide recognised by a HB-1 specific CTL. Expression of the HB-1 gene was only observed in B-ALL cells and EBV-transformed B cells. Analysis revealed that the HB-1 gene is polymorphic.  The restricted expression of the polymorphic HB-1 Ag by B-ALL cells was used in one example of the invention to generate HB-1 specific CTL in vitro using peptide-loaded dendritic cells. HB-1 specific CTL against B-ALL were used to combat B-ALL and were shown to at least in part reduce the growth of said leukemia without evoking GVHD.
The present application discloses a simple process for the purification of neutral human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) produced by microbial fermentation. The process uses a combination of a cationic ion exchanger treatment, an anionic ion exchanger treatment, and a nanofiltration and/or electrodialysis step, which allows efficient purification of large quantities of neutral HMOs at high purity. Contrary to the purification currently used in fermentative production of neutral HMOs, the presented process allows the provision of HMOs without the need of a chromatographic separation. The so purified HMOs may be obtained in solid form by spray drying, as crystalline material or as sterile filtered concentrate. The provided HMOs are free of proteins and recombinant material originating from the used recombinant microbial strains and thus very well-suited for use in food, medical food and feed (e.g. pet food) applications.
PURPOSE:To provide a solid cosmetic containing a specific diglyceride as an active component, having good spreadability and feeling and high softness, free from stickiness, causing little change of the hardness with temperature, resistant to the deterioration of quality by perspiration, etc., and having excellent impact resistance. CONSTITUTION:The objective solid cosmetic contains a fatty acid diglyceride of formula (one of R1, R2 and R3 is 18-22C straight-chain saturated fatty acid residue, another one of them is 2-ethylhexanoic acid residue and the remaining one is H) as an active component. The cosmetic is mainly composed of an oily substance for cosmetic and a cosmetic pigment. The oily substance for cosmetic is solid or semisolid oily substance such as Japan wax containing the above fatty acid diglyceride or a liquid substance such as liquid paraffin. The amounts of the oily substance and the cosmetic pigment are preferably 4-100wt.% and 0-96wt.%, respectively. The content of the compound of formula in the whole oily substance is about 2-40wt.%.
Although medical therapy and revascularization procedures are effective for relief of chest pain symptoms in many patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), others either do not respond to or tolerate medical therapies, or have failed attempts at revascularization. For this growing number of patients, there is a need for novel therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this protocol is to test the effectiveness of nitric oxide (NO) inhalation therapy for the relief of inducible myocardial ischemia in patients with CAD who have failed conventional attempts at medical and revascularization management. Our hypothesis is that enriched NO transport in blood from the lungs and delivery to the coronary vasculature with NO inhalation will improve blood flow to the myocardium during stress by dilating coronary arteries and arterioles. The primary end-point of this study is improvement in treadmill exercise duration during NO inhalation compared with exercise duration during room air breathing, with secondary end-points selected to provide mechanistic insight as to relief of inducible ischemia by NO, including effects on: 1) arterial delivery and myocardial extraction of NO transport molecules, 2) myocardial perfusion, and 3) global and regional myocardial contractility. This clinical trial is randomized, double-blind, and placebo (room air)-controlled in design, with CAD patients treated with NO (or room air) breathing for approximately 1 hour before each stress test, followed by crossover to the alternate therapy after two days of testing. Demonstration of benefit from NO inhalation could result in an important therapeutic option for CAD patients with few alternatives for the relief of myocardial ischemia.
Motivated by a small sample example in neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID), we propose a method that can be used when the interest is testing for an association between a changes in disease progression with start of treatment compared to historical disease progression prior to treatment. Our method estimates the longitudinal trajectory of the outcome variable and adds an interaction term between an intervention indicator variable and the time since initiation of the intervention. This method is appropriate for a situation in which the intervention slows or arrests the effect of the disease on the outcome, as is the case in our motivating example. By simulation in small samples and restricted sets of treatment initiation times, we show that the generalized estimating equations (GEE) formulation with small sample adjustments can bound the Type I error rate better than GEE and linear mixed models without small sample adjustments. Permutation tests (permuting the time of treatment initiation) is another valid approach that can also be useful. We illustrate the methodology through an application to a prospective cohort of NOMID patients enrolled at the NIH clinical center.
The present invention relates to compound traditional Chinese medicine for treating endometriosis and a preparation method thereof. The compound traditional Chinese medicine is composed of tripterygium wilfordii, common prism rhizome and zedoary. The compound traditional Chinese medicine can be administrated orally through traditional decocta and can be administrated orally after effective sites are extracted. The effective components of tripterygium wilfordii lowers the levels of oestrogens and gestagen in bodies by suppressing the function of the ovary, reversibility menostasis of women of childbearing age is caused, the growing environment of endometriosis is damaged, common prism rhizome and zedoary remove have the functions of stasis removal, clot absorption and mass elimination, and the effective components can prompt the apoptosis of endometriosis with a bad growing environment. Therefore, the components of the compound traditional Chinese medicine are matched with each other and have a synergistic function, and synthetic therapeutic effect better than that of components used separately is achieved. The present invention also discloses an extraction method and a preparation method for the effective components of the compound traditional Chinese medicine.
Participants received an initial dose of 1 mg/kg canakinumab (ACZ885) via intravenous infusion. Four weeks later, participants received a dose of 3 mg/kg canakinumab, and another dose of 3 mg/kg two weeks later. Thereafter, participants received doses of 6 mg/kg every four weeks until completion of the 45-week treatment period.
Early life adversity (ELA) is a major public health crisis that results in significant disruptions in neurobiological processes and long-term psychiatric and health consequences, yet very little is known about interventions that may prevent them and the optimal time to do so. Not only is ELA associated with earlier onset and greater severity and comorbidity of depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, these individuals also evidence significantly poorer responses to psychological and pharmacological interventions when treated for these conditions. Consequently, there is a dire need to develop preventive interventions that target individuals with ELA exposure. The first step in this process is to establish malleability of neural mechanisms disrupted by ELA exposure to acute interventions. We use augmented mindfulness training, that is, a standard mindfulness training combined with real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) to influence and increase the plasticity of brain areas affected by ELA, in turn affecting state changes in symptoms in youth with ELA exposure. These fMRI tasks are designed to engage the PCC and mindfulness practice.

Over the course of three years, 120 eligible youth with early life adversity or healthy controls will be recruited into the study. All healthy controls will receive AMT, and ELA-exposed youth will be randomly assigned to AMT, consisting of real-time fMRI with neurofeedback during mindfulness practice, or Sham, consisting of artificially calculated neurofeedback signals during mindfulness practice. Adolescents will complete self-report measures to assess state affective symptoms before and after receiving mindfulness training and scanning, and again one week later.
Risk Summary

Linaclotide and its active metabolite are negligibly absorbed systemically following oral administration [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)], and maternal use is not expected to result in fetal exposure to the drug. The available data on LINZESS use in pregnant women are not sufficient to inform any drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. In animal developmental studies, no effects on embryo-fetal development were observed with oral administration of linaclotide in rats and rabbits during organogenesis at doses much higher than the maximum recommended human dosage. Severe maternal toxicity associated with effects on fetal morphology were observed in mice (see Data). 

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the United States general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. 

Data

Animal Data

The potential for linaclotide to cause harm to embryo-fetal development was studied in rats, rabbits and mice. In pregnant mice, oral dose levels of at least 40,000 mcg/kg/day given during organogenesis produced severe maternal toxicity including death, reduction of gravid uterine and fetal weights, and effects on fetal morphology. Oral doses of 5,000 mcg/kg/day did not produce maternal toxicity or any adverse effects on embryo-fetal development in mice. Oral administration of up to 100,000 mcg/kg/day in rats and 40,000 mcg/kg/day in rabbits during organogenesis produced no maternal toxicity and no effects on embryo-fetal development. Additionally, oral administration of up to 100,000 mcg/kg/day in rats during organogenesis through lactation produced no developmental abnormalities or effects on growth, learning and memory, or fertility in the offspring through maturation.

The maximum recommended human dose is approximately 5 mcg/kg/day, based on a 60-kg body weight. Limited systemic exposure to linaclotide was achieved in animals during organogenesis (AUC = 40, 640, and 25 ng•hr/mL in rats, rabbits, and mice, respectively, at the highest dose levels). Linaclotide and its active metabolite are not measurable in human plasma following administration of the recommended clinical dosages. Therefore, animal and human doses should not be compared directly for evaluating relative exposure.
SINGULAIR is not indicated for use in the reversal of bronchospasm in acute asthma attacks, including status asthmaticus. 

Patients should be advised to have appropriate rescue medication available. Therapy with SINGULAIR can be continued during acute exacerbations of asthma. Patients who have exacerbations of asthma after exercise should have available for rescue a short-acting inhaled β-agonist.

While the dose of inhaled corticosteroid may be reduced gradually under medical supervision, SINGULAIR should not be abruptly substituted for inhaled or oral corticosteroids. 

Patients with known aspirin sensitivity should continue avoidance of aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents while taking SINGULAIR. Although SINGULAIR is effective in improving airway function in asthmatics with documented aspirin sensitivity, it has not been shown to truncate bronchoconstrictor response to aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in aspirin-sensitive asthmatic patients (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Clinical Studies).
BACKGROUND: Scurvy is an uncommon disease in developed countries caused by deficiency of vitamin C. We present a case of scurvy in a 14-year-old male with autism with both novel presentation and imaging findings. This case had the novel presentation of lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) secondary to compression of the external iliac vein from large bilateral iliac wing subperiosteal hematomas. Subperiosteal hematoma is a well-recognised feature of scurvy but large and bilateral pelvic subperiosteal hematoma causing DVT has not previously been described.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 14 year old Caucasian male with background of autism and severe dietary restriction presented with lower limb swelling and immobility. He was diagnosed with lower limb DVT. Further investigation revealed an iron deficiency anaemia, and he was found on MRI to have large bilateral subperiosteal iliac hematomata causing compression of the iliac vessels. He improved following treatment with vitamin C replacement and follow-up imaging demonstrated resolution of the DVT and hematoma.
CONCLUSION: DVT is rare in children and when diagnosed should prompt investigation as to the underlying cause. This case demonstrates an unusual cause of DVT and as an unusual presentation of paediatric scurvy.
Prescribe study drug: Patients randomized into the semaglutide group will receive 0.5mg subcutaneous injection of the drug before or during EVT, and 7 days after the procedure. i.e. semaglutide group will receive a total of 2 injections.
BACKGROUND: The regenerative and adaptive capacity of skeletal muscles reduces with age, leading to severe disability and frailty in the elderly. Therefore, development of effective therapeutic interventions for muscle wasting is important both medically and socioeconomically. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the potential contribution of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), which are mesenchymal stem cells in skeletal muscles, to immobilization-induced muscle atrophy.
METHODS: Young (2-3 months), adult (12-14 months), and aged (20-22 months) mice were used for analysis. Muscle atrophy was induced by immobilizing the hind limbs with a steel wire. FAPs were isolated from the hind limbs on days 0, 3, and 14 after immobilization for transcriptome analysis. The expression of ST2 and IL-33 in FAPs was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunostaining, respectively. To examine the role of IL-33-ST2 signaling in vivo, we intraperitoneally administered recombinant IL-33 or soluble ST2 (sST2) twice a week throughout the 2-week immobilization period. After 2-week immobilization, the tibialis anterior muscles were harvested and the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers was evaluated.
RESULTS: The number of FAPs increased with the progression of muscle atrophy after immobilization in all age-groups. Transcriptome analysis of FAPs collected before and after immobilization revealed that Il33 and Il1rl1 transcripts, which encode the IL-33 receptor ST2, were transiently induced in young mice and, to a lesser extent, in aged mice. The number of FAPs positive for ST2 increased after immobilization in young mice. The number of ST2-positive FAPs also increased after immobilization in aged mice, but the difference from the baseline was not statistically significant. Immunostaining for IL-33 in the muscle sections revealed a significant increase in the number of FAPs expressing IL-33 after immobilization. Administration of recombinant IL-33 suppressed immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in aged mice but not in young mice.
CONCLUSIONS: Our data reveal a previously unknown protective role of IL-33-ST2 signaling against immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in FAPs and suggest that IL-33-ST2 signaling is a potential new therapeutic target for alleviating disuse muscle atrophy, particularly in older adults.
INTRODUCTION: Hospital readmissions is an important public health problem that US hospitals are responsible for reducing. One strategy for preventing readmissions is to schedule an outpatient follow-up visit before discharge. The objective of this study was to determine whether outpatient follow-up visits are an effective method to reduce 30-day all-cause readmissions for patients discharged from US hospitals with heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or stroke.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify relevant articles published from 2013 through 2023. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane. Eligible studies were those that assessed the effect of postdischarge outpatient follow-up visits on 30-day all-cause readmission. We used random effect meta-analyses to generate pooled adjusted effect estimates and 95% CIs.
RESULTS: We initially identified 2,256 articles. Of these, 32 articles underwent full-text review and 15 met inclusion criteria. Seven studies addressed heart failure, 3 COPD, 2 AMI, and 3 stroke. Ten articles provided sufficient information for meta-analysis. The pooled adjusted effect measure was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.69-0.91), indicating that outpatient follow-up visits were associated with a 21% lower risk of readmission. However, we found a high degree of between-study heterogeneity (Q = 122.78; P < .001; I2 = 92.7%). Subgroup analyses indicated that study quality, disease condition, and particularly whether a time-dependent analysis method was used, explained much of the heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION: Outpatient follow-up visits are a potentially effective way to reduce 30-day all-cause readmissions for patients discharged with heart failure or stroke, but evidence of benefit was lacking for COPD and we found no studies for assessing AMI. Our results emphasize the importance of study quality.