anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE-3) inhibition have been implicated in the neurobiologic underpinnings of migraine. Considering the clinical similarities between migraine and persistent post-traumatic headache (PPTH), we aimed to ascertain whether PDE-3 inhibition can elicit migraine-like headache in persons with PPTH.
METHODS: We tested cilostazol, which inhibits PDE-3, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover study involving persons with PPTH attributed to mild traumatic brain injury. The randomized participants were allocated to receive oral administration of either 200-mg cilostazol or placebo (calcium tablet) on two separate experiment days. The primary end point was the incidence of migraine-like headache during a 12-hour observation window post-ingestion. The secondary endpoint was the area under the curve (AUC) for reported headache intensity scores during the same observation window.
RESULTS: Twenty-one persons underwent randomization and completed both experiment days. The mean participants' age was 41.4 years, and most (n = 17) were females. During the 12-hour observation window, 14 (67%) of 21 participants developed migraine-like headache post-cilostazol, in contrast to three (14%) participants after placebo (P =.003). The headache intensity scores were higher post-cilostazol than after placebo (P <.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide novel evidence showing that PDE-3 inhibition can elicit migraine-like headache in persons with PPTH. Given that PDE-3 inhibition increases intracellular cAMP levels, our findings allude to the potential therapeutic value of targeting cAMP-dependent signaling pathways in the management of PPTH. Further investigations are imperative to substantiate these insights and delineate the importance of cAMP-dependent signaling pathways in the neurobiologic mechanisms underlying PPTH.
GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT05595993.
The safety and efficacy of DATSCAN were evaluated in two multicenter, single-arm, open-label studies (Study 1 and Study 2) that enrolled 284 adult patients with suspected PS. 

In these studies, DATSCAN image interpretation was compared to a reference clinical diagnostic standard of "PS" or "non-PS". PS consisted of Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). These conditions have been associated with dopaminergic neurodegeneration and DATSCAN imaging was not designed to distinguish among the conditions. Among the non-PS population, subjects with a history of the following conditions were included: vascular parkinsonism, psychogenic parkinsonism, essential tremor (ET), various forms of tremor, and other non-PS diagnoses; DATSCAN imaging was not designed to distinguish among these conditions. 

Patients underwent SPECT imaging with a variety of multi-headed cameras or multi-detector single-slice systems 3 to 6 hours after DATSCAN administration. The DATSCAN activity in these two clinical studies ranged from 111 MBq to 201 MBq (3 mCi to 5.4 mCi) [median 167.8 MBq (4.5 mCi)]. Readers blinded to clinical information interpreted DATSCAN imaging as normal or abnormal [see Dosage and Administration (2.7)]. A normal image is inconsistent with clinical conditions associated with PS and an abnormal image is consistent with clinical conditions associated with PS. 

Study 1 consisted of 99 patients with early features of Parkinsonism; patients with features suggestive of MSA or PSP were excluded. The baseline clinical diagnoses consisted of: probable PD (44%), possible PD (31%), "benign" PD (6%), possible ET (11%), and other diagnoses (7%). The patients were 44% female, 42% of age 65 years or over, and all were White. Study 1 readers had no other role in patient assessment. The reference clinical diagnostic standard consisted of the clinical diagnoses established by a consensus panel of movement disorder specialists that evaluated data inclusive through 36 months of follow-up.

Study 2 consisted of 185 patients with clinically established diagnosis of PS (PD, MSA, PSP) or ET. The baseline clinical diagnoses consisted of: PD (70%), MSA (10%), PSP (5%), and ET (15%). The patients were 35% female, 48% of age 65 years or over, and 99% were White. Study 2 readers included site investigators. The reference clinical diagnostic standard consisted of the investigator-determined baseline clinical diagnosis.

Table 4 shows the positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement of the DATSCAN image results with the reference clinical diagnostic standard. Positive percent agreement represents the percent of patients with abnormal DATSCAN images among all the patients with a clinical diagnostic reference standard of PS. Negative percent agreement represents the percent of patients with normal DATSCAN images among the patients with a non-PS clinical diagnostic reference standard.
Subjects that sign the Informed Consent Form will be evaluated for eligible for the study per eligibility criteria. Subject medical background and underlying disease requiring intervention will be taken at screening. Procedure will be scheduled. Subjects that will eventually, for any reason, will not be operated with the TroClose1200™, will be considered as "screen failures". The use of the TroClose1200™ will be done in at least one 12mm planned access port per the TroClose1200™ Instruction for Use. The procedure will be performed routinely. Duration of use of the TroClose1200™ each time it is used will be measured, as well as the entire procedure duration, and the type of procedure. Adverse Events and device malfunctions, if any, will be recorded. The video seen in the monitors during the procedure will be kept as source data for any further analysis. The location of the TroClose1200™ used, as well as the other trocars used location, will be drawn on a special chart. Subjects will be hospitalized in accordance with the hospital guidance. All subjects will be followed at 2 weeks (+/- 4 days), at 6 weeks (+/- 1 week), at 12 months (+/- 1 month) and at 24 months (+/- 2 months) in which healing, signs of hernia and adverse events will be recorded. In the 12 and 24 months visit, the hernia signs will be evaluated by ultrasound.
Following the eucaloric feeding study day, subjects will undergo the underfeeding and overfeeding arms in random order. During the underfeeding study arm, subjects will receive 50% of their calorie requirements (as determined during the initial eucaloric study day) for 3 days. 24-hour energy expenditure will be measured.
BACKGROUND: Postoperative complication rates are often assessed through administrative data, although this method has proven to be imprecise. Recently, new developments in natural language processing have shown promise in detecting specific phenotypes from free medical text. Using the clinical challenge of extracting four specific and frequently undercoded postoperative complications (pneumonia, urinary tract infection, sepsis, and septic shock), it was hypothesized that natural language processing would capture postoperative complications on a par with human-level curation from electronic health record free medical text.
METHODS: Electronic health record data were extracted for surgical cases (across 11 surgical sub-specialties) from 18 hospitals in the Capital and Zealand regions of Denmark that were performed between May 2016 and November 2021. The data set was split into training/validation/test sets (30.0%/48.0%/22.0%). Model performance was compared with administrative data and manual extraction of the test data set.
RESULTS: Data were obtained for 17 486 surgical cases. Natural language processing achieved a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.989 for urinary tract infection, 0.993 for pneumonia, 0.992 for sepsis, and 0.998 for septic shock, whereas administrative data achieved a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.595 for urinary tract infection, 0.624 for pneumonia, 0.571 for sepsis, and 0.625 for septic shock.
CONCLUSION: The natural language processing approach was able to capture complications with acceptable performance, which was superior to administrative data. In addition, the model performance approached that of manual curation and thereby offers a potential pathway for complete real-time coverage of postoperative complications across surgical procedures based on natural language processing assessment of electronic health record free medical text.
Sepsis, a severe clinical syndrome, arises from pro-inflammatory and apoptotic processes. Its rapid progression from sepsis to severe stages necessitates timely intervention. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) agent triggers pro-inflammatory mediator release through Toll-like receptors, particularly TLR-2, a vital biomarker in sepsis with multiple organ failure. In LPS-induced septic shock, the NEK7-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, linked to acute lung injury, is suppressed. This pathway is implicated in sepsis-induced platelet activation and septic shock development. Antioxidants like melatonin (MEL) may positively impact reducing septic shock. In microbial-induced sepsis, melatonin can regulate pro-inflammatory mediator transcriptional activation, potentially controlling the pro-inflammatory state. In the project, the histopathological impact of melatonin in lung tissue during endotoxic shock induced by the LPS agent in Sprague-Dawley rats, and its immunoreactivity to NLRP3/NEK7/TLR-2 molecules, were assessed. Lung volumes were evaluated using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). While bleeding, cell infiltration, and thickening of the alveolar wall were observed in the lungs of the LPS group, a reduction in these symptoms was noted in the MEL+LPS group. Expressions of NEK7, TLR2, and NLRP3 increased in both the LPS and MEL+LPS groups compared to the control group. It was determined that in the MEL+LPS group, levels of NEK7, TLR2, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased compared to the LPS group. Additionally, a decrease in the total volume of lung tissue was observed in the LPS group. In this context, our study reported the therapeutic effect of melatonin on sepsis-related acute lung injury. Our study suggests that melatonin administration in the experimental endotoxemia model melatonin may help reduce lung damage by inhibiting NEK7 and TLR2 expressions.
The participants received a caloric restriction of 20% of total energy estimated with Mifflin formula. All the appointment were once a month by trained nutritionists, and all the subjects received a nutritional recommendation for the obesity management and a balanced food plan.
Lactate significantly impacts immune cell function in sepsis and septic shock, transcending its traditional view as just a metabolic byproduct. This review summarizes the role of lactate as a biomarker and its influence on immune cell dynamics, emphasizing its critical role in modulating immune responses during sepsis. Mechanistically, key lactate transporters like MCT1, MCT4, and the receptor GPR81 are crucial in mediating these effects. HIF-1α also plays a significant role in lactate-driven immune modulation. Additionally, lactate affects immune cell function through post-translational modifications such as lactylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, which alter enzyme activities and protein functions. These interactions between lactate and immune cells are central to understanding sepsis-associated immune dysregulation, offering insights that can guide future research and improve therapeutic strategies to enhance patient outcomes.
Short-sightedness (myopia) is the most common refractive error in the world. In Hong Kong, approximately 80% of children are myopic by the end of childhood. Current treatment strategies to control (i.e. slow) myopia progression in children are primarily designed to harness the natural "emmetropization" process, in which visual feedback from retinal image clarity regulates the rate of eye growth. There is intense interest currently in the potential role of peripheral defocus as a clinical treatment to slow myopia progression, not least since this approach permits clear central vision. One of the most successful treatments for myopia is orthokeratology, which is a therapy of using custom-made rigid gas permeable contact lens. The special design of this contact lens can reshape the corneal profile to minimize the central refractive error while producing beneficial peripheral defocus. Currently, Breath-O correct lenses are new designed ready-made orthokeratology lenses which are made of new material with more elasticity as compared traditional lens material. This study is to evaluate the safety of wearing this new orthokeratology lens and the effectiveness of clinical performance in young adult.
There is substantial access to care barriers for persons with chronic pain. Little is known about persons who do not receive treatment for chronic severe back pain as most studies rely on clinical samples. We sought to explore demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics of U.S. adults with chronic severe back pain who had not received pain care in the preceding 3 months. In this cross-sectional study, we used data from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey and identified persons who did/did not receive treatment (including self-management strategies) in the last 3 months for their chronic severe back pain. We used bivariate and multivariable analyses to explore factors associated with not receiving pain treatment. Almost 21% of persons with chronic severe back pain did not receive treatment in the past 3 months. The following were independently associated with not having treatment in the preceding 3 months: male sex (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.11-1.76), living near or below the poverty level (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.33-2.77), having less than a high school education (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.52-3.68), not having insurance coverage (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.21-2.59), living in the South (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.40-3.00), and having heart disease (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.11-1.93). Being a single parent, having depression, and multiple comorbid painful health conditions were associated with having treatment. Our conclusions are that one-fifth of persons with chronic severe back pain did not receive treatment for at least 3 months and socioeconomic factors were highly associated with not receiving treatment. PERSPECTIVE: In a nationally representative sample of persons with chronic severe back pain, one-fifth did not receive treatment for at least 3 months. Socioeconomic factors were highly associated with not receiving treatment. There is a need to implement solutions to reduce barriers to care.
Normal aging often results in an increase in physiological tremors and slowing of the movement of the hands, which can impair daily activities and quality of life. This study, using lightweight wearable non-invasive sensors, aimed to detect and identify age-related changes in wrist kinematics and response latency. Eighteen young (ages 18-20) and nine older (ages 49-57) adults performed two standard tasks with wearable inertial measurement units on their wrists. Frequency analysis revealed 5 kinematic variables distinguishing older from younger adults in a postural task, with best discrimination occurring in the 9-13 Hz range, agreeing with previously identified frequency range of age-related tremors, and achieving excellent classifier performance (0.86 AUROC score and 89% accuracy). In a second pronation-supination task, analysis of angular velocity in the roll axis identified a 71 ms delay in initiating arm movement in the older adults. This study demonstrates that an analysis of simple kinematic variables sampled at 100 Hz frequency with commercially available sensors is reliable, sensitive, and accurate at detecting age-related increases in physiological tremor and motor slowing. It remains to be seen if such sensitive methods may be accurate in distinguishing physiological tremors from tremors that occur in neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's Disease.
Patients receive saracatinib PO or by PEG tube QD on days 1-56. Courses repeat every 8 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
TRELEGY ELLIPTA should not be initiated in patients during rapidly deteriorating or potentially life-threatening episodes of COPD or asthma. TRELEGY ELLIPTA has not been studied in subjects with acutely deteriorating COPD or asthma. The initiation of TRELEGY ELLIPTA in this setting is not appropriate.

If TRELEGY ELLIPTA 100/62.5/25 mcg no longer controls symptoms of bronchoconstriction; the patient’s inhaled, short-acting beta2-agonist becomes less effective; or the patient needs more short-acting beta2-agonist than usual, these may be markers of deterioration of disease. In this setting, re-evaluate the patient and the COPD treatment regimen at once. For COPD, the daily dose of TRELEGY ELLIPTA 100/62.5/25 mcg should not be increased.

Increasing use of inhaled, short-acting beta2-agonists is a marker of deteriorating asthma. In this situation, the patient requires immediate reevaluation with reassessment of the treatment regimen, giving special consideration to the need for additional therapeutic options. Patients should not use more than 1 inhalation once daily of TRELEGY ELLIPTA.

TRELEGY ELLIPTA should not be used for the relief of acute symptoms, i.e., as rescue therapy for the treatment of acute episodes of bronchospasm. TRELEGY ELLIPTA has not been studied in the relief of acute symptoms and extra doses should not be used for that purpose. Acute symptoms should be treated with an inhaled, short-acting beta2-agonist.

When beginning treatment with TRELEGY ELLIPTA, patients who have been taking oral or inhaled, short-acting beta2-agonists on a regular basis (e.g., 4 times a day) should be instructed to discontinue the regular use of these drugs and to use them only for symptomatic relief of acute respiratory symptoms. When prescribing TRELEGY ELLIPTA, the healthcare provider should also prescribe an inhaled, short-acting beta2-agonist and instruct the patient on how it should be used.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the leakage of patient information in the film printing of image data and the misidentification of patients in film reading.  <P>SOLUTION: On the basis of the input of an inspection order in an input part 8, an identification information generation part 2 generates the patient identification information of the patient and preserves it in an identification information DB part 4. Then, the patient identification information is added to the image data generated by an image data generation part 1 on the basis of the patient information of the patient and the inspection order and they are preserved in a medical information DB part 3. A printing data generation part 5 generates data for printing by combining the patient identification information and the image data read from the medical information DB part 3 instead of the patient information which can not be disclosed. In the meantime, in film reading, on the basis of the collated result of the patient identification information printed on a film together with the image data and the patient identification information preserved in the identification information DB part 4, the patient information of the medical information DB part 3 is read out and the image data and the patient are collated.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Methocarbamol Tablets USP, a carbamate derivative of guaifenesin, is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant with sedative and musculoskeletal relaxant properties. The chemical name of methocarbamol is 3 - (2-methoxyphenoxy) -1, 2- propanediol 1- carbamate and has the empirical formula C 11 H 15 NO 5. Its molecular weight is 241.24. The structural formula is shown below. 

Methocarbamol is a white powder, sparingly soluble in water and chloroform, soluble in alcohol (only with heating) and propylene glycol, and insoluble in benzene and n-hexane.

Methocarbamol Tablets USP, 500 mg is available as a light orange colored, round, film- coated tablets, engraved with 'B134' on one side and scored on the other side, containing 500 mg of methocarbamol, USP for oral administration. The inactive ingredients present are corn starch, low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, povidone, sodium lauryl sulfate, colloidal silicon dioxide, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, and purified water. Methocarbamol Tablets USP, 500 mg contains Opadry 13H530000 (Orange) (hypromellose, titanium dioxide, propylene glycol, FD&C yellow #6/Sunset Yellow FCF Aluminum Lake, polysorbate 20) as coating material.

Methocarbamol Tablets USP, 750 mg is available as an orange colored, capsule shaped, film coated tablets, engraved with 'B135' on one side and plain on the other side, containing 750 mg of methocarbamol, USP for oral administration. The inactive ingredients present are corn starch, low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, povidone, sodium lauryl sulfate, colloidal silicon dioxide, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, and purified water. Methocarbamol Tablets USP, 750 mg contains Opadry 13H530001 (Orange) (hypromellose, titanium dioxide, propylene glycol, D&C Yellow #10 Aluminum Lake, FD&C yellow #6/Sunset Yellow FCF Aluminum Lake, polysorbate 20) as coating material.
Provided is a prophylactic and/or therapeutic drug for mild cognitive impairment, which can improve interstitial flow in cerebral blood vessel and the like to achieve sufficient 5 clearance of harmful proteins accumulated in the brain. The prophylactic and/or therapeutic drug includes 6-[4-( 1-cyclohexyl-l I l-tetra/ole-5-yl)butoxy]3.4-dihydrocarbostyril or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. The prophylactic and/or therapeutic drug can improve a flow of interstitial fluid around blood vessels in drainage a pathway to excrete harmful proteins. The prophylactic and/or therapeutic drug for mild cognitive impairment may take the form of 10 a pharmaceutical product for oral administration, a liquid pharmaceutical product for oral administration, or an injectable preparation. The prophylactic and/or therapeutic drug for mild cognitive impairment can be used for the prevention and/or treatment of cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and can also be used for improvement of Lewy body disease, Down's syndrome, or macular degeneration. 48
BACKGROUND: The Colorectal Cancer Subtyping Consortium established four Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMS) in colorectal cancer: CMS1 (microsatellite-instability [MSI], Immune), CMS2 (Canonical, epithelial), CMS3 (Metabolic), and CMS4 (Mesenchymal). However, only MSI tumour patients have seen a change in their disease management in clinical practice. This study aims to characterise the proteome of colon cancer CMS and broaden CMS's clinical utility.
METHODS: One-hundred fifty-eight paraffin samples from stage II-III colon cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy were analysed through DIA-based mass-spectrometry proteomics.
RESULTS: CMS1 exhibited overexpression of immune-related proteins, specifically related to neutrophils, phagocytosis, antimicrobial response, and a glycolytic profile. These findings suggested potential therapeutic strategies involving immunotherapy and glycolytic inhibitors. CMS3 showed overexpression of metabolic proteins. CMS2 displayed a heterogeneous protein profile. Notably, two proteomics subtypes within CMS2, with different protein characteristics and prognoses, were identified. CMS4 emerged as the most distinct group, featuring overexpression of proteins related to angiogenesis, extracellular matrix, focal adhesion, and complement activation. CMS4 showed a high metastatic profile and suggested possible chemoresistance that may explain its worse prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS: DIA proteomics revealed new features for each colon cancer CMS subtype. These findings provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer subtypes in the future.
All participants in the intervention group will receive the intervention (PVI) in addition to usual care. PVI is a 6-week virtual programme aimed at building up young stroke survivors' personal resources for work through engaging in inclusive volunteering activities.