anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for treating and/or preventing inflammatory syndrome by impairing the expansion and function of autoreactive T cells, and a method for preventing NK-cell mediated graft rejection.  <P>SOLUTION: The method is for treating or preventing a syndrome relating to mediated activation of NKG2D being an activation receptor developed in homo sapiens and mouse in NK cells and T cells of a some kind of type. The method includes an operation for bringing leukocytes for expressing NKG2D into contact with a medical agent for lowering ligand-inducing NKG2D activation of cells. Preferably, the medical agent is an antibody bonding to NKG2D, especially a monoclonal antibody. Preferably, the medical agent is a nucleic acid for deteriorating the transcription or translation of NKG2D encoding nucleic acid. Preferably, the syndrome includes diabetes relating to autoimmunity and/or inflammation, graft rejection, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, multiple sclerosis, etc.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
The invention discloses a compound fruit protease solid preparation for preventing and treating oral diseases, and belongs to the technical field of health care products or medicaments. Every 100 g of solid preparation contains the following necessary components by weight: 10,000-700,000 U of fruit protease, 5-30 g of vitamin C and 0.1-1.5 g of vitamin B2, wherein the fruit protease is one or more of bromelain, ficin, actinidin and papain; and the necessary components cooperatively realize the functions of the solid preparation. In addition, the compound fruit protease solid preparation can also comprise auxiliary materials which are known medicinally and are necessary for preparing the corresponding solid formulation. The formulation is preferably tablets; and if the formulation is tablets, the formulation can be directly taken by keeping in mouth. When the compound fruit protease solid preparation is used for cleaning artificial teeth, 1-2 tables are dissolved in clean warm water of 30-40 DEG C, an amount of water which can just submerge the artificial teeth is used for soaking the artificial teeth for 1.5 hours, and then the artificial teeth are cleaned. A product provided by the invention can be used for effectively preventing and treating the oral diseases, and the effect is superior to that of the conventional oral health care lozenge.
BACKGROUND: Our program uses a desensitization protocol that includes intraoperative therapeutic plasma exchange (iTPE) for crossmatch-positive lung transplants, which improves access to lung transplant for sensitized candidates while mitigating immunologic risk. Although we have reported excellent outcomes for sensitized patients with the use of this protocol, concern for perioperative bleeding appears to have hindered broader adoption of it at other programs. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to quantify the impact of iTPE on perioperative bleeding in lung transplantation.
METHODS: All first-time lung transplant recipients from 2014 to 2019 who received iTPE were compared to those who did not. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between iTPE and large-volume perioperative transfusion requirements (≥5 packed red blood cell units within 24 hours of transplant start), adjusted for disease type, transplant type, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or cardiopulmonary bypass use. The incidence of hemothorax (requiring reoperation within 7 days of lung transplant) and 30-day posttransplant mortality were compared between the 2 groups using chi-square test.
RESULTS: One hundred forty-two patients (16%) received iTPE, and 755 patients (84%) did not. The mean number of perioperative pRBC transfusions was 4.2 among patients who received iTPE and 2.9 among patients who did not. iTPE was associated with increased odds of requiring large-volume perioperative transfusion (odds ratio 1.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-2.9, p-value = 0.007) but was not associated with an increased incidence of hemothorax (5% in both groups, p = 0.99) or 30-day posttransplant mortality (3.5% among patients who received iTPE vs 2.1% among patients who did not, p = 0.31).
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the use of iTPE in lung transplantation may increase perioperative bleeding but not to a degree that impacts important posttransplant outcomes.
Participants will be randomized to receive one of the two different treatment sequences. In each treatment sequence participant will receive fixed single doses of 100 mg acalabrutinib orally (Treatment A; Treatment B) in 2 treatment periods, under fasted conditions. Treatment A will include acalabrutinib tablet and Treatment B will include acalabrutinib capsule.
BACKGROUND: As the population of older adults expands, it is becoming increasingly crucial to develop perioperative protocols to meet their physiologic, functional, and cognitive demands after emergency surgery. We sought to identify protocols that improve the disposition, length of stay, and overall health outcomes of older adults undergoing emergency intracavitary, noncardiac surgery.
METHODS: Embase, Cochrane, and MEDLINE databases were searched, and results were deduplicated and uploaded to Covidence. We reviewed studies for postoperative interventions that reduced delirium, maintained functional status, and reduced length of stay in older patients undergoing emergency surgery. We included studies involving patients aged 65 years and older undergoing emergency intracavitary, noncardiac surgeries. Abstracts and full texts were reviewed by 2 reviewers. Data were extracted on the postoperative interventions used and the resulting patient outcomes.
RESULTS: We included 6 studies, which involved patients undergoing emergency general, urology, and vascular surgery. Interventions included a multidisciplinary approach, early involvement of a geriatrician or hospitalist, targeted geriatric-led ward rounds, unique postoperative order sets, and volunteer-driven activities. Standard care included early removal of lines, early mobility, optimal hydration, and medication review. These interventions were associated with decreased length of stay, decreased postoperative complications, and increased likelihood of disposition to home and previous functional status. Frailty was correlated with worse outcomes.
CONCLUSION: Through multidisciplinary interventions, a successful postoperative protocol for older patients undergoing emergency surgery is helpful for improving patient outcomes. The implications of these findings will help guide our own quality-improvement initiative to improve these outcomes in this patient population at our institution.
XOPENEX (levalbuterol HCl) Inhalation Solution Concentrate (foil pouch label color red) is supplied in 0.5 mL unit-dose, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) vials as a clear, colorless, sterile, preservative-free, aqueous solution. Each vial contains 1.25 mg of levalbuterol (as 1.44 mg of levalbuterol HCl) and is available in cartons of 30 (NDC 17478-171-30) individually pouched vials. 

XOPENEX Inhalation Solution is also available in 3 mL vials in three different strengths of levalbuterol: 0.31 mg (NDC 17478-172-24), 0.63 mg (NDC 17478-173-24), and 1.25 mg (NDC 17478-174-24). 

Store XOPENEX Inhalation Solution Concentrate in the protective foil pouch at 20º to 25°C (68º to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light and excessive heat. Open the foil pouch just prior to administration. Once the foil pouch is opened, the contents of the vial should be used immediately. Discard any vial if the solution is not colorless. 

Dilute XOPENEX (levalbuterol HCl) Inhalation Solution Concentrate with sterile normal saline before administration by nebulization.
BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Studies have suggested that cerebral ischemia induces massive mitochondrial damage. Valerianic acid A (VaA) is the main active ingredient of valerianic acid with neuroprotective activity.
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of VaA with ischemic stroke and explore the underlying mechanisms.
METHOD: In this study, we established the oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) cell model and the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) animal model in vitro and in vivo. Neurological behavior score, 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) Staining were used to detect the neuroprotection of VaA in MCAO/R rats. Also, the levels of ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and activities of NAD+ were detected to reflect mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, gene knockout experiments, transfection experiments, immunofluorescence, DARTS, and molecular dynamics simulation experiments showed that VaA bound to IDO1 regulated the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism and prevented Stat3 dephosphorylation, promoting Stat3 activation and subsequent transcription of the mitochondrial fusion-related gene Opa1.
RESULTS: We showed that VaA decreased the infarct volume in a dose-dependent manner and exerted neuroprotective effects against reperfusion injury. Furthermore, VaA promoted Opa1-related mitochondrial fusion and reversed neuronal mitochondrial damage and loss after reperfusion injury. In SH-SY5Y cells, VaA (5, 10, 20 μM) exerted similar protective effects against OGD/R-induced injury. We then examined the expression of significant enzymes regulating the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway of the ipsilateral brain tissue of the ischemic stroke rat model, and these enzymes may play essential roles in ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we found that VaA can bind to the initial rate-limiting enzyme IDO1 in the Kyn pathway and prevent Stat3 phosphorylation, promoting Stat3 activation and subsequent transcription of the mitochondrial fusion-related gene Opa1. Using in vivo IDO1 knockdown and in vitro IDO1 overexpressing models, we demonstrated that the promoted mitochondrial fusion and neuroprotective effects of VaA were IDO1-dependent.
CONCLUSION: VaA administration improved neurological function by promoting mitochondrial fusion through the IDO1-mediated Stat3-Opa1 pathway, indicating its potential as a therapeutic drug for ischemic stroke.
Low permeability across the outer membrane is a major reason why most antibiotics are ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria. Agents that permeabilize the outer membrane are typically toxic at their effective concentrations. Here, we report the development of a broad-spectrum homodimeric tobramycin adjuvant that is non-toxic and more potent than the gold standard permeabilizing agent, polymyxin B nonapeptide. In pilot studies, the adjuvant confers potent bactericidal activity on novobiocin against Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant and colistin-resistant strains bearing plasmid-borne mcr-1 genes. Resistance development to the combination was significantly reduced, relative to novobiocin alone, and there was no induction of cross-resistance to other antibiotics, including the gyrase-acting fluoroquinolones. Tobramycin homodimer may allow the use of lower doses of novobiocin, overcoming its twin-problem of efficacy and toxicity.
Over 600,000 total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) are performed each year in the United States, with expectations for greater than 4 million/year by the year 2030. Since the onset of TKAs in the 1960's, there have been developments that have improved both functionality and patient satisfaction. In the last decade, a focus has been made on multimodal pain management protocols, more rapid functional recovery, reduced length of hospital stay, and minimizing side effects of treatment while maintaining function and durability. The widespread use of regional anesthesia has led to improvements in pain control, more rapid functional recovery, and reduced length of stay. In recent years many surgeons have transitioned from femoral nerve blocks (proximal femoral nerve) to adductor canal blocks (distal femoral nerve) to maintain a sensory block for pain control, while minimizing any motor blockade that is typically seen in proximal femoral nerve blocks, which would hamper rehabilitation, and increase risk of falls. In addition to regional blocks, which are typically performed in the preoperative setting, some surgeons favor an intraoperative periarticular anesthetic injection (PAI), typically with bupivacaine or the long acting form liposomal bupivacaine, either in conjunction with an adductor canal block, or independently. In theory, PAI has the advantage of a comparable sensory nerve block as an adductor canal block, without the disadvantages and risks, which include prolonged quadriceps weakness, fall risk, and neurologic dysfunction.

The purpose of this randomized control trial is to compare the efficacy of adductor canal blocks versus periarticular bupivacaine injections for pain management in total knee arthroplasty.
Morphine sulfate oral solution is an opioid agonist, available in the following concentration for oral administration:

  * 100 mg per 5 mL (20 mg/mL): Each 1 mL of oral solution contains 20 mg of morphine sulfate, USP (equivalent to 15 mg morphine).



The chemical name is 7,8-didehydro-4,5 alpha-epoxy-17-methyl-morphinan-3,6 alpha-diol sulfate (2:1) (salt) pentahydrate. The molecular weight is 758.83. Its molecular formula is (C17H21NO3)2•H2SO4•5Η2Ο, and it has the following chemical structure.

Morphine sulfate, USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder or a fine white to light yellow powder. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol, but is practically insoluble in chloroform or ether. The octanol:water partition coefficient of morphine is 1.42 at physiologic pH and the pKa is 7.9 for the tertiary nitrogen (the majority is ionized at pH 7.4).

For the 100 mg per 5 mL (20 mg/mL) concentration (only for opioid-tolerant adults): Each 5 mL of oral solution contains 100 mg of morphine sulfate, USP and the following inactive ingredients: anhydrous citric acid, edetate disodium, FD&C Green No. 3, glycerin, purified water, raspberry cream flavor and sodium benzoate. The pH of the solution is adjusted with diluted hydrochloric acid, as needed.
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to pose a significant global health challenge. However, therapeutic measures for a cure are lacking in clinical practice. Manganese, an essential trace element, has garnered attention due to its potential to activate innate immune pathways and its significant role in antiviral and antitumor immunity. Yet, the specific impact of manganese on chronic hepatitis B has been largely unexplored. Our research reveals that manganese substantially inhibits HBV replication in hepatocellular carcinoma cells at non-toxic levels. This suppression occurs independently of well-known anti-HBV innate immune pathways, such as the cGAS-STING pathway. Mechanistically, manganese decreases HBV transcription by diminishing the levels of liver-specific transcription factors. Furthermore, it activates the mTOR pathway, enhancing HBsAg ubiquitination through the upregulation of the ubiquitin ligase β-TrCP and increasing proteasome activity via the augmentation of its subunits, leading to a ubiquitin-dependent degradation of HBsAg. Significantly, our study also uncovers a notable clinical correlation between manganese levels and chronic hepatitis B infection. These findings position manganese as a critical element in diminishing HBV replication, offering a new direction in the management of chronic hepatitis B.
Rocuronium dose will be adjusted to maintain a depth of NMB of zero response to train of four and a post tetanic count of no more than 10 responses. At the end of surgery patients will receive a single bolus dose of 4 mg/kg sugammadex according to ideal body weight + 40%12. Extubation will be performed when train-of-four ratios ≥ 0.9.
Rectal cancer is a life-altering diagnosis that can have long-lasting effects not only on one's physical health, but also their psychological, emotional and financial well-being. With advancements in both disease detection and therapeutic options, there is now a growing cohort of patients who have successfully completed active rectal cancer treatment and transitioned into post-treatment care. Unfortunately, the post-treatment phase has its own set of challenges. Lost in Transition was one of the first major publications to advocate for dedicated survivorship planning, raising awareness of the needs of cancer survivors. Since then, both the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the American Cancer Society have released guidelines for survivorship care focused on prevention, surveillance, assessment, intervention, coordination of care and survivorship planning. Despite these efforts to bolster survivorship care, studies have found an average of 2.88 unmet needs among cancer survivors affecting physical, financial, educational, emotional and psychology domains. The investigators propose a multifaceted rectal cancer survivorship care program involving oncology specialists, nursing support and primary care physicians. This initiative centers on regular meetings with oncology nursing support, enhanced communication and coordination of care among clinicians including primary care physicians, and an educational platform for patients regarding the late and long-term effects of cancer. Initial efforts will target rectal cancer patients specifically as they have been identified as being at high risk of having unmet needs. Once the investigators have realized measurable, successful implementation in this population, the hope is then to expand this initiative to all colon cancer patients.
SARS-CoV-2 is a virus in the coronavirus family originating out of Wuhan, China clinically known as COVID-19. While traditionally thought of as a respiratory virus, COVID-19 can have a multi-organ impact due to its invasion and widespread distribution throughout the body and via the angiotensin converting enzyme. Neurologic events due to COVID-19 are common, especially in the critically ill, and are called Neuro-COVID. Among these events are peripheral and central nervous system diseases such as Guillain-Barré, ischemic stroke, and various types of encephalitis. The impact of Neuro-COVID is devastating and is often far more severe than its non-COVID-19 form. Immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapy is often a mainstay of treatment, such as for encephalitis and Guillain-Barré, respectively, while management may fall in line with conventional processes in most cases, such as ischemic stroke. Much remains to be studied about the evaluation and management of Neuro-COVID.
Catatonia is a complex condition that affects children's behavior, movement, and emotions. It can be caused by various underlying health issues, such as genetic disorders or problems with the immune system. Identifying these underlying causes is crucial for providing the best care and treatment to affected children. In this study, the investigators aim to compare the effectiveness of traditional medical tests with a more advanced approach that includes genetic testing and immune system screening in finding the underlying causes of catatonia in children. The investigators will compare two groups of children with catatonia. One group will be identified from hospital records and will have undergone standard medical tests to find the cause of their catatonia. The other group will be a new set of patients who will receive both standard medical tests and additional advanced testing, including genome sequencing (a technique that reads the entire genetic code) and screening for antibodies that attack the brain. The investigators will use a statistical method called propensity score matching to make sure that the two groups are as similar as possible in terms of age, sex, and other relevant factors. This will help the investigators to fairly compare the effectiveness of the two approaches in identifying the underlying causes of catatonia. The investigators expect that combining standard medical tests with genome sequencing and autoantibody screening will be more effective in finding the underlying causes of catatonia in children compared to using standard medical tests alone. This could lead to more accurate diagnoses and more targeted treatments for children with catatonia, helping them to recover more quickly and improving their quality of life. If this study shows that the advanced testing approach is more effective in finding the underlying causes of catatonia, this could change the way doctors approach the diagnosis and treatment of this complex condition. In turn, this could lead to more accurate diagnoses, tailored treatments, and improved outcomes for children with catatonia and their families.
For pentazocine alone in single doses above 60 mg there have been reports of the occurrence of nalorphine-like psychotomimetic effects such as anxiety, nightmares, strange thoughts, and hallucinations. Somnolence, marked respiratory depression associated with increased blood pressure and tachycardia have also resulted as have seizures, hypotension, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and paresthesias. The respiratory depression is antagonized by naloxone (see Treatment). Circulatory failure and deepening coma may occur in more severe cases, particularly in patients who have also ingested other CNS depressants such as alcohol, sedative/hypnotics, or antihistamines.

In acetaminophen overdosage: dose-dependent, potentially fatal hepatic necrosis is the most serious adverse effect. Renal tubular necrosis, hypoglycemic coma, and coagulation defects may also occur. Early symptoms following a potentially hepatotoxic overdose may include: nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, and general malaise. Clinical and laboratory evidence of hepatic toxicity may not be apparent until 48-72 hours post-ingestion.
Among people with HIV in Africa, liver disease is a neglected area of investigation but is anticipated to become increasingly common as patients live longer due to antiretroviral therapy. In Lusaka, Zambia, we previously (NCT02060162, clinicaltrials.gov) described that HIV-HBV co-infection was the most important liver risk factor. However, in that study, only very short-term outcomes could be assessed. Building on these preliminary results and addressing the need to study HIV-HBV during a longer duration of follow-up, the current protocol will focus exclusively on people with HIV-HBV in Zambia. Zambia is an ideal site for this research as it has \~12% HIV prevalence and 6% HBsAg-positivity among adults nationwide. In fact, \~70% of people with HIV-HBV globally reside in Africa. In the proposed study, we will obtain consent from people with HIV-HBV to participate in an observational cohort study with up to 10 years of follow-up. Standard of care antiviral therapies will be received by participants. More in-depth analysis of liver and HBV viral and serological outcomes will occur. Screening for liver cancer will also occur. This study will provide useful clinical and epidemiological information to health policymakers in Zambia and beyond. It will also provide a platform for the training of health workers in Zambia in HBV clinical management.