anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Astrocytes derive from different lineages and play a critical role in neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI). Whether selectively eliminating these main origins of astrocytes in lumbar enlargement could attenuate SCI-induced neuropathic pain remains unclear. Through transgenic mice injected with an adeno-associated virus vector and diphtheria toxin, astrocytes in lumbar enlargement were lineage traced, targeted, and selectively eliminated. Pain-related behaviors were measured with an electronic von Frey apparatus and a cold/hot plate after SCI. RNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, molecular experiment, and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the potential mechanisms after astrocyte elimination. Lineage tracing revealed that the resident astrocytes but not ependymal cells were the main origins of astrocytes-induced neuropathic pain. SCI-induced mice to obtain significant pain symptoms and astrocyte activation in lumbar enlargement. Selective resident astrocyte elimination in lumbar enlargement could attenuate neuropathic pain and activate microglia. Interestingly, the type I interferons (IFNs) signal was significantly activated after astrocytes elimination, and the most activated Gene Ontology terms and pathways were associated with the type I IFNs signal which was mainly activated in microglia and further verified in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, different concentrations of interferon and Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist could activate the type I IFNs signal in microglia. These results elucidate that selectively eliminating resident astrocytes attenuated neuropathic pain associated with type I IFNs signal activation in microglia. Targeting type I IFNs signals is proven to be an effective strategy for neuropathic pain treatment after SCI.
In Months 1-3, participants in this group will receive the previously tested telephone counseling for exercise. RTR volunteers or "coaches" will be asked to contact participants by telephone weekly over 3 months (12 calls). In months 4-9, participants will no longer receive calls from RTR coaches and will be encouraged to use the heart rate monitors and pedometers during exercise. Participants will continue to complete their exercise logs and receive feedback reports from study staff.
BACKGROUND: Malnutrition and metabolic alterations of cancer cachexia are often associated with negative weight loss and muscle mass wasting. In this sense, protein supplementation can be a strategy to help counteract the loss and/or maintenance of mass in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of leucine supplementation on body composition in outpatients with gastrointestinal tract cancer.
METHODS: It was a randomized, blinded, controlled, parallel trial, performed in male patients with a cancer diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract and appendix organs undergoing chemotherapy. All the patients were allocated to one of the protocol groups: L-leucine supplement or the control group, during 8 weeks of intervention. We evaluated the body composition through bioelectrical impedance analysis, the cancer cachexia classification, and the diet intake before and after the intervention protocol. The intention-to-treat approach was performed to predict the missing values for all patients who provide any observation data.
RESULTS: The patients were an average age of 65.11 ± 7.50 years old. In the body composition analysis with patients who finished all the supplementation, we observed a significant gain in body weight (61.79.9 ± 9.02 versus 64.06 ± 9.45, p = 0.01), ASMM (7.64 ± 1.24 versus 7.81 ± 1.20, p = 0.02) in the Leucine group, whereas patients in the control did not present significant variation in these parameters. There was no significant intergroup difference. While in the analysis included the patients with intention-to-treat, we found a significant increase in body weight (p = 0.01), BMI (p = 0.01), FFM (p = 0.03), and ASMM (p = 0.01) in the Leucine group. No significant intergroup differences. These results also similar among cachectic patients.
CONCLUSION: A balanced diet enriched with free-Leucine supplementation was able to promotes gains in body weight and lean mass in older men diagnosticated with gastrointestinal and appendix organs of digestion cancer after 8 weeks. However, the fact that most men are non-cachectic or pre-cachectic is not clear if the increase in muscle mass was due to a high intake of leucine, since no difference between groups was detected. Moreover, we know that benefits on body composition are due to adequate calorie and macronutrients consumption and that balanced feeding according to nutrition Guidelines seems crucial and must be advised during the oncological treatment.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Table 1 lists adverse reactions that occurred in worldwide placebo-controlled clinical trials in 3,419 patients with migraine. Only treatment-emergent adverse reactions that occurred at a frequency of 1% or more in the group treated with sumatriptan nasal spray 20 mg and that occurred at a frequency greater than the placebo group are included in Table 1.

Table 1. Adverse Reactions Reported by at Least 1% of Patients and at a Greater Frequency than Placebo in Controlled Migraine Clinical Trials

The incidence of adverse reactions in controlled clinical trials was not affected by gender, weight, or age of the patients; use of prophylactic medications; or presence of aura. There were insufficient data to assess the impact of race on the incidence of adverse reactions.
As a result of treatment, breast cancer survivors typically experience unhealthy changes in body composition (bone, muscle and fat). Treatments disrupt normal bone and energy balance resulting in bone and muscle wasting and fat gain. Premenopausal women are at greatest risk for these declines because most are thrust into early menopause from chemotherapy. Hormone manipulation therapy (i.e., tamoxifen or arimidex) may further affect these tissues. Exercise can prevent bone and muscle loss and promote fat loss. However, the ability of exercise to reverse unfavorable changes in all components of body composition in women experiencing early menopause from breast cancer treatment has not been specifically studied.
PURPOSE:The titled preparation containing PIPC or a salt thereof. CONSTITUTION:A nephrotoxicity alleviating agent containing 6-[D(-)-alpha-(4- ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazinylcarbonylamino)-alpha-phenylacetamido]peni cillanic acid (PIPC) or a salt thereof. The agent can be applied to a nephrotoxic drug (e.g. cefaloridine, cefalothin, gentamicin, streptomycin, etc.). The amount of the agent used is preferably 0.1-1,000 times as much as the drug. The agent is preferably administered by intravenous injection (including intravenous drip infusion) or by intramuscular injection and may be administered before or after administration of the nephrotoxic drug or simultaneously.
The invention relates to a moisture-preserving and sun-protecting day cream. A formula of the day cream comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.0 part of cetanol, 0.1 part of benzophenone, 4.0 parts of white oil, 4.0 parts of glycerin, 6.0 parts of isopropyl palmitate, 0.03 part of hyaluronic acid, 4.0 parts of isopropyl lanolate, a proper amount of essence, 1.4 parts of glycerin monostearate, a proper amount of preservative, 2.0 parts of potassium cetylphosphate and deionized water which is added until the total weight part is 100. The day cream has the effects of water replenishing, moisture preservation, isolation and sun protection under the synergy of the usage amount and physicochemical properties of all the raw materials. The pH value of the day cream approaches to that of a human body, so that the day cream is nonirritating to skin. After the day cream is used, an obvious comfortable and soft feeling is obtained and the greasy feeling is avoided. The day cream is obvious in moisture preservation and sun protection.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is manifested as a heterogeneous mixture of clinical and bichemical characteristics that complicate study of its etiology. It is currently unclear to what extent PCOS-associated traits (hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and coronary artery disease) are the result of environmental factors or genetic predisposition. We propose to conduct a twin study to investigate the possibility that environmental factors are important in the development of the PCOS phenotype. Twin studies are considered to be the gold standard for determining the extent of heritability of a trait. The proposal described here is only for Step 1 of a larger, multi-step study. The major goal of step 1 is to identify a large cohort of twin pairs, in which at least one member of each pair is likely to have PCOS.

Participants for this study will come from the Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry (MATR). Many (3283) potential participants have already been identified based on their answers to a preliminary MATR screening questionnaire. Out of the approximately 7145 twin women of reproductive age who completed these MATR screening questionnaires, 1803 women reported irregular periods, 954 reported ovarian cysts, and 526 reported both irregular periods and ovarian cysts. Many of the women in this last group are likely to have PCOS. They represent 7.4% of the total sample, matching current estimates of PCOS prevalence (4-7%) in reproductive age women. We will also add new twin pairs who meet the criteria (irregular periods and evidence of PCOS or cystic ovaries) as they are recruited into the MATR and take the preliminary surveys. According to MATR statistics, about 33% of twin pairs are monozygotic (MZ, identical). Therefore, approximately 174 of the 526 women likely to have PCOS are members of a MZ pair.

Step 1 of the proposed study consists of a telephone survey of the 3282 women with irregular periods and/or ovarian cysts. The survey will be conducted by the MATR. The instrument to be used contains a series of simple and direct questions and will take about 10 minutes to complete. The questions were designed to identify PCOS and their content deals with the frequency of menstrual periods (six or fewer per year being a major diagnostic criterion), a previous diagnosis of PCOS, obesity, excess facial hair and other evidence of hyperandrogenism. The women will also be asked if they have a living twin sister. On the basis of this survey, women will be identified who are likely to have PCOS and have a living female twin.
One out of three homeless men and nearly one quarter of all homeless adults are Veterans. This translates to almost 200,000 Veterans being homeless on any given night. The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) is a major service provider to homeless persons and has developed several very successful and innovative programs that have been effective in securing housing, economic stability and needed services for these men and women. However, despite these efforts in many communities, Veterans are not accessing these services despite aggressive outreach and state-of-the art programming. The investigators are conducting a prospective randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that a personalized health assessment linked to community outreach is more likely to both engage the homeless Veteran in a primary care based chronic disease management model and to sustain that care and associated behavior changes necessary to exit homelessness. The key questions to be addressed in this study are: (1) Will a community-based health-oriented outreach increase health seeking behavior in the intervention group?; (2) can initial engagement be sustained in a continuity care model in this population?; (3) will this intervention facilitate changes/improvements in health seeking behavior that include participation in substance abuse treatment care, compliance with mental health care, and enrollment in VA-based employment/financial support programs?; and (4) can this intervention impact chronic disease management of key cardiovascular risk indicators that disproportionately affect homeless persons?; and (5) do any observed changes correlate with serial behavioral measures and qualitative assessments?

The investigators' working hypothesis is that a targeted outreach to homeless persons that capitalizes on either established or newly realized physical health concerns to affect both health seeking behavior and sustained behavior change. It is grounded in two complementary behavioral models: the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations and the body of research describing intrinsic versus extrinsic motivators for sustained behavior change.

Two hundred and eighty homeless Veterans will be randomized to receive either a personalized health assessment based outreach or usual care (social work/housing focused) outreach. Baseline assessments will include demographics, medical, mental health and substance use co-morbidities, pre-intervention health seeking behavior, readiness for behavior change (URICA), motivation for health care. Serial assessments at months 1, and 6 will assess evolving readiness and motivation as well as changes in their homeless status (sheltering, employment/income, etc.) Actual utilization of services will be assessed using the CPRS electronic medical records.
A gene-to-metabolite approach afforded new insights regarding defence mechanisms in oat plants that can be incorporated into plant breeding programmes for the selection of markers and genes related to disease resistance. Monitoring metabolite levels and changes therein can complement and corroborate transcriptome (mRNA) data on plant-pathogen interactions, thus revealing mechanisms involved in pathogen attack and host defence. A multi-omics approach thus adds new layers of information such as identifying metabolites with antimicrobial properties, elucidating metabolomic profiles of infected and non-infected plants, and reveals pathogenic requirements for infection and colonisation. In this study, two oat cultivars (Dunnart and SWK001) were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, pathogenic and non-pathogenic on oat. Following inoculation, metabolites were extracted with methanol from leaf tissues at 2, 4 and 6 days post-infection and analysed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer system. Relatedly, mRNA was isolated at the same time points, and the cDNA analysed by quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for expression levels of selected gene transcripts associated with avenanthramide (Avn) biosynthesis. The targeted amino acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and Avns were successfully quantified. Distinct cultivar-specific differences in the metabolite responses were observed in response to pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. Trends in aromatic amino acids and hydroxycinnamic acids seem to indicate stronger activation and flux through these pathways in Dunnart as compared to SWK001. A positive correlation between hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:hydroxyanthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HHT) gene expression and the abundance of Avn A in both cultivars was documented. However, transcript profiling of selected genes involved in Avn synthesis did not reveal a clear pattern to distinguish between the tolerant and susceptible cultivars.
Influenza remains a significant threat to public health. In severe cases, excessive inflammation can lead to severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome, contributing to patient morbidity and mortality. While antivirals can be effective if administered early, current anti-inflammatory drugs have limited success in treating severe cases. Therefore, discovering new anti-inflammatory agents to inhibit influenza-related inflammatory diseases is crucial. Herein, we screened a drug library with known targets using a human monocyte U937 infected with the influenza virus to identify novel anti-inflammatory agents. We also evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the hit compounds in an influenza mouse model. Our research revealed that JAK inhibitors exhibited a higher hit rate and more potent inhibition effect than inhibitors targeting other drug targets in vitro. Of the 22 JAK inhibitors tested, 15 exhibited robust anti-inflammatory activity against influenza virus infection in vitro. Subsequently, we evaluated the efficacy of 10 JAK inhibitors using an influenza mouse model and observed that seven provided protection ranging from 40% to 70% against lethal influenza virus infection. We selected oclacitinib as a representative compound for an extensive study to further investigate the in vivo therapeutic potential of JAK inhibitors for severe influenza-associated inflammation. Our results revealed that oclacitinib effectively suppressed neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and ultimately mitigated lung injury in mice infected with lethal influenza virus without impacting viral titer. These findings suggest that JAK inhibitors can modulate immune responses to influenza virus infection and may serve as potential treatments for influenza.IMPORTANCEAntivirals exhibit limited efficacy in treating severe influenza when not administered promptly during the infection. Current steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs demonstrate restricted effectiveness against severe influenza or are associated with significant side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel anti-inflammatory agents that possess high potency and minimal adverse reactions. In this study, 15 JAK inhibitors were identified through a screening process based on their anti-inflammatory activity against influenza virus infection in vitro. Remarkably, 7 of the 10 selected inhibitors exhibited protective effects against lethal influenza virus infection in mice, thereby highlighting the potential therapeutic value of JAK inhibitors for treating influenza.
The 30 clients (15 per site) will have the opportunity to engage in cycling on the TheraTrainer only for the duration of their participation at the Geriatric program. Their carers will also be recruited.
There is no clinical syndrome associated with an overdosage of cromolyn sodium. Acute toxicity testing in a wide variety of species has demonstrated that toxicity with cromolyn sodium occurs only with very high exposure levels, regardless of whether administration was parenteral, oral or by inhalation. Parenteral administration in mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters and rabbits demonstrated a median lethal dose of approximately 4000 mg/kg. Intravenous administration in monkeys also indicated a similar pattern of toxicity. The highest dose administered by the oral route in rats and mice was 8000 mg/kg, (approximately 261 and 130 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human daily inhalation dose on a mg/m2 basis) and at this dose level no deaths occurred. By inhalation, even in long term studies, it proved impossible to achieve toxic dose levels of cromolyn sodium in a range of mammalian species.
M7824 (IV) days 1 and 15 plus temozolomide (oral) on days 1-5 of a 28-day cycle. At least 6 subjects with SCLC to receive M7824 plus temozolomide to determine safety. 4 more SCLC patients enrolled at initial or lower dose for efficacy. If efficacious, an additional 12 SCLC subjects enrolled. After the 6 safety SCLC cohort, subjects with extrapulmonary small cell cancers will be enrolled.
The epithelial specific integrin αvβ6 is not expressed by resting epithelia (1) but is up regulated in several cancers. It has been estimated that approximately 250,000 or 15% of new cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancers) that arise in the UK and USA combined will overexpress αvβ6 (2-4). αvβ6 plays a key role in tumour invasion and carcinogenesis. Strong expression of αvβ6 is associated with significant reduction in life expectancy in patients with colon, cervical, breast or non-small cell lung cancer (3-5). Recently, it has been shown in preclinical studies that antibody targeting of αvβ6 could suppress the growth of oral and breast cancer human xenografts and suppress breast cancer metastasis (6). Thus αvβ6 represents a biologically relevant target for anti-cancer therapy.

The proposal is to conduct this study in patients with solid tumours as αvβ6 is expressed exclusively by carcinomas, which are all solid tumours. As the utility of \[18F\]-FBA-A20FMDV2 in patients with cancer has not been evaluated a particular challenge with evaluation of this radiotracer in patients with cancer include potential metabolism and excretion of this radiotracer by the liver and kidney confounding the image quality for lower thoracic and abdominal tumours requiring optimisation of the imaging protocol. In addition, as the patients are likely to be unwell, it is imperative an imaging protocol that is patient-friendly in terms of the scan duration is developed. Additionally it would be ideal to confirm that the uptake of the radiotracer is indeed due to αvβ6 expression on the cancer cells. Therefore in this study, it is planned to evaluate the feasibility of performing such a study in patients with a variety of solid tumours.
Subjects will be converted from standard of care CNI therapy to Belatacept 10 mg/kg IV on post renal transplant Day 7 (+/- 3 days). As suggested in the package insert for de novo dosing, further dosing of belatacept will be given as 10 mg/kg IV at weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12 then 5 mg/kg at week 16 and then every 4 weeks (+/- 5 days) through week 52. CNI will be stopped during the first belatacept infusion.
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) represents a serious health condition, impacting the lives of many patients worldwide. The condition challenges clinical care due to its complex etiology and limited therapeutic options. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiological and patient-related factors that promote disease development is essential. Recently, the oral microbiome has been implicated as a potential driver and modulating factor of BRONJ by several studies. Modern genomic sequencing methods have provided a wealth of data on the microbial composition of BRONJ lesions; however, the role of individual species in the process of disease development remains elusive. A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted to identify relevant studies on the microbiome of BRONJ patients using the terms "microbiome", "osteonecrosis of the jaws", and "bisphosphonates". Studies focusing on symptoms, epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatment options were included. The principal risk factors for BRONJ are tooth extraction, surgical procedures, and the administration of high doses of bisphosphonates. Importantly, the oral microbiome plays a significant role in the progression of the disease. Several studies have identified alterations of microbial composition in BRONJ lesions. However, there is no consensus regarding bacterial species that are associated with BRONJ across studies. The bacterial genera typically found include Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, and Streptococcus. It is postulated that these microbes contribute to the pathogenesis of BRONJ by promoting inflammation and disrupting normal bone remodeling processes. Current therapeutic approaches are disease-stage-specific and the necessity for more effective treatment strategies remains. This review examines the potential causes of and therapeutic approaches to BRONJ, highlighting the link between microbial colonization and BRONJ development. Future research should seek to more thoroughly investigate the interactions between bisphosphonates, the oral microbiome, and the immune system in order to develop targeted therapies.