anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Fibromyalgia is a complex and often misunderstood chronic pain disorder. It is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and heightened sensitivity, and has evolved in diagnostic criteria and understanding over the years. Initially met with skepticism, fibromyalgia is now recognized as a global health concern affecting millions of people, with a prevalence transcending demographic boundaries. The clinical features and diagnosis of fibromyalgia encompass a range of symptoms beyond pain, including sleep disturbances and cognitive difficulties. This study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive evaluation for accurate diagnosis, considering the shift from tender point reliance to a more holistic approach. Etiology and pathophysiology involve genetic predisposition, neurotransmitter dysregulation, central sensitization, and immune system involvement. Risk factors such as gender, age, family history, and comorbid conditions contribute to susceptibility. The impact on quality of life is profound, affecting physical and social aspects, often accompanied by mood disorders. Management approaches include pharmacological interventions, non-pharmacological therapies, lifestyle modifications, and alternative treatments. This study also delves into emerging research, exploring advances in neurobiological understanding, brain imaging, genetic markers, glutamate modulation, cannabinoids, gut microbiome, and digital health tools for fibromyalgia management. Overall, this study provides a nuanced and up-to-date overview of the complexities surrounding fibromyalgia, aiming to enhance understanding and support for individuals grappling with this challenging condition.
Neurological patients (e.g., after stroke) engage in intensive and expensive neurorehabilitation therapy to regain part of their former motor functional ability to perform everyday activities with often limited and unsatisfactory outcome. Robots became a promising supplement or even alternative for neurorehabilitation therapy, providing cost-effective, high repetition and task-oriented training. However, results of an initial body of work comparing the effectiveness of robotic training strategies are highly inconclusive. A possible explanation is that most current robotic systems cover only one neurorehabilitation strategy (e.g. reducing or augmenting movement errors) and may thus insufficiently address the subjects' individual needs and the characteristics of the task to be learned. In this study, Investigators will perform several motor learning experiments with healthy adult and neurological patients in order to evaluate the relative motor and cognitive benefits of newly developed robotic training strategies that modulate errors based on the subject's age, skill level and tasks characteristics. The effects of the new strategies will be compared to classical robotic assistance, and to non-robotic feedback approaches, such as visual feedback. The culmination of this work may help to optimize training benefits of already existing rehabilitation robots.
FIELD: chemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to 4-{[1-(aminocarbonyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino}-H-[(3,4-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide, which is a compound of formula or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, as well as to a method of producing said compounds. The invention also relates to use of the said compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as phosphodiesterase IV (PDE4) inhibitor, for example in treatment and/or prevention of inflammatory and/or allergic disease, cognitive impairment or depression in mammals. The invention particularly pertains to use of the compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt in treating and/or preventing atopic dermatitis in mammals, for example via external local administration to a mammal, for example a human being. ^ EFFECT: pharmaceutical compositions are also provided, which contain the said compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, particularly suitable for external local administration. ^ 35 cl, 1 tbl, 19 ex
The invention relates to chemico-pharmaceutical industry, more definite to a mixture for a medicament quality control “0.1 g. sublingual glycine tablets” and a method for preparing thereof. The method comprises a mixture preparing by dissolving 2.5 g. of tablets crushed to powder in 250 ml of purified water and measuring light-scattering using a spectrophotometer with wave length 700±2 nm in a cuvette with 10 mm layer thickness respective to the purified water. The dilution of the 2.5 g. of tablets are carried out at 37°C during 20 min. in an device for determining dilution using an impeller mixer at 150 rev/min. After the dilution the mixture is maintained for 10 minutes, then 4 ml is sampled for determining light scattering . The quality control mixture comprises the ratio 100:1 between water and the crushed powder tablet comprising 0.101 g. microcapsules of non-sintered crystals of aminoacetic acid coated with a polymeric methylcellulose film of MC-100 grade, and 0.001 magnesium stearate. The light scanning coefficient compared to the purified water is within between 50 to 70% at the wave length 700±2 nm for 4 ml mixture at 10 mm layer thickness.
Combination therapy with the preliminary RP2D A of MK-4830, pembrolizumab, and carboplatin/pemetrexed in participants with advanced non-squamous non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC) (Stage IIIB or IV). MK-4830 will be administered IV following pembrolizumab infusion, Q3W, starting with Cycle 1, Day 1, for a maximum of 35 cycles. Each cycle is 21 days. Pembrolizumab will be administered by IV, Q3W, starting with Cycle 1, Day 1. Each cycle is 21 days. The combination may be administered for a maximum of 35 cycles. Carboplatin and pemetrexed will be administered IV Q3W, starting with Cycle 1, Day 1, for 4 cycles, followed by pemetrexed Q3W continuous with MK-4830 and pembrolizumab, up to 35 cycles. Each cycle is 21 days (up to approximately 2 years).
All patients with ETMR are eligible for inclusion within the registry, regardless of their disease status or treatment plan. Epidemiologic, clinical, and molecular data from each patient will be obtained following enrollment. Patients will then be followed longitudinally to obtain clinical outcome data. In an effort to best achieve the registry's secondary objectives, it is preferable, but not required, for patients to be registered soon after their diagnosis, prior to the initiation of any tumor-directed therapy.

This registry protocol contains recommendations for a consensus therapy derived from the ETMR medical literature, the investigators' own experience, and clinical data from other infant brain tumor protocols. The recommended therapy can thus not be viewed as investigational, but rather as a consensus recommendation derived from available data. While not mandated, it is strongly encouraged that patients enrolled in the registry be treated according to the recommended consensus therapy, as this will facilitate the prospective evaluation of ETMR patients using a uniform treatment approach.
The study will evaluate patient-reported comfort level with using a mobile device to record their pain levels, as well as adherence to recording these levels daily. The study will track patients' assessment of their pain, actions taken, and outcomes related to pain management and provider involvement. This study will attempt to collect information about differences in the use of two traditional pain assessment modes (verbal scale and paper) versus the use of a pain assessment tool on a mobile device in the form of a smartphone, tablet, or iPad with an Android or iOS operating system. The study will seek to enroll 100 sickle cell or thalassemia patients who are age 12 or older who have access to a smartphone or tablet with Internet access daily. Patients enrolled in this study will be ask to use a mobile device such as a smartphone or a tablet with Android or iOS operating system to record daily pain level and related information once daily or more frequently for a period of forty-two days. A 1:1 randomization assignment will be made to have patients receive automated "canned" provider feedback or not.
Speech entrainment refers to speaking in unison with a model speaker by imitating the model in real time. The objective of the study is to (1) experimentally establish the direct effect of speech entrainment practice on independent speech production post-treatment, and (2) identify conditions that enhance treatment benefits. These aims are addressed in a within-subject efficacy study, where 40 people with aphasia produce different stories with entrainment support. Speaking without entrainment is evaluated one day before and one day after speech entrainment practice. Different practice stories will be randomized within participants to three experimental conditions to assess the effect of treatment (trained vs. untrained), training schedule (massed vs. distributed presentation of stories), and entrainment modality (practice with auditory-only or audiovisual model). Correct information units per minute for each story will be tallied to evaluate the differences between conditions and the associations with patient characteristics. For consistency with prior research, number of different words per minute will serve as a secondary outcome. The proposed research addresses a clinical need by testing and optimizing a promising treatment technique for enhancing aphasia rehabilitation.

This proof-of-concept study is the first to evaluate the direct effect of speech entrainment practice on independent speech. Thus, the effect size for accurate power estimation is not known. The strategy for this study is to optimize experimental sensitivity by maximizing the number of observations per participants per condition within the constraints of feasibility. The results from this study will provide critical information for evaluating the effect size for a subsequent phase. Nevertheless, to estimate an optimal sample size, the investigators leveraged the data from our Pilot Study, which examines the speech entrainment effect on immediate performance rather than learning. With 13 participants, the investigators estimated 80% power to detect the effect of 0.8 (mean difference between groups divided by the pooled standard deviation) observed in our pilot study for speaking with audiovisual speech entrainment vs. independent speech (Aim 1). The calculation is based on a paired t-test with an alpha of .05 (two-tailed) and a correlation of 0.5 between groups. With 24 participants, there is 80% power to detect the observed effect of 0.6 for speaking with audiovisual speech entrainment vs. auditory-only speech entrainment (alpha is set to .05, two-tailed, correlation between groups is .57; Aim 2b). The investigators have substantially increased the sample size (N=40) with the consideration that learning effects (the focus of the present study) are expected to be smaller than performance effects (the focus of the Pilot Study).
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) can be defined as a deadly illness with a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. Therefore, we seek to examine P4HA2 expression and effect in HNSCC, along with the underlying mechanisms. This study utilized integrated bioinformatics analyses to evaluate the P4HA2 expression pattern, prognostic implication, and probable function in HNSCC. The study conducted various in vitro experiments, including colony formation, CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assays, on the human HNSCC cell line CAL-27 to examine the involvement of P4HA2 in HNSCC progression. Moreover, western blotting was used to investigate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and PI3K/AKT pathway markers to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. P4HA2 expression was significantly enhanced in HNSCC, and its overexpression was correlated to tumor aggressiveness and a poor prognosis in patients. Based on in vitro experiments, the overexpressed P4HA2 enhanced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as EMT while reducing apoptosis, whereas P4HA2 silencing exhibited the reverse effect. P4HA2 overexpression enhanced PI3K/AKT phosphorylation in HNSCC cells. Moreover, LY294002 was observed to counteract the effects of upregulated P4HA2 on proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in HNSCC. Collectively, we indicated that P4HA2 promoted HNSCC progression and EMT via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
It is recommended that penicillamine capsules be used along with conventional therapy. By reducing urinary cystine, it decreases crystalluria and stone formation. In some instances, it has been reported to decrease the size of, and even to dissolve, stones already formed.

The usual dosage of penicillamine capsules in the treatment of cystinuria is 2 g/day for adults, with a range of 1 to 4 g/day. For pediatric patients, dosage can be based on 30 mg/kg/day. The total daily amount should be divided into four doses. If four equal doses are not feasible, give the larger portion at bedtime. If adverse reactions necessitate a reduction in dosage, it is important to retain the bedtime dose.

Initiating dosage with 250 mg/day, and increasing gradually to the requisite amount, gives closer control of the effects of the drug and may help to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.

In addition to taking penicillamine capsules, patients should drink copiously. It is especially important to drink about a pint of fluid at bedtime and another pint once during the night when urine is more concentrated and more acid than during the day. The greater the fluid intake, the lower the required dosage of penicillamine capsules.

Dosage must be individualized to an amount that limits cystine excretion to 100 to 200 mg/day in those with no history of stones, and below 100 mg/day in those who have had stone formation and/or pain. Thus, in determining dosage, the inherent tubular defect, the patient's size, age, and rate of growth, and his diet and water intake all must be taken into consideration.

The standard nitroprusside cyanide test has been reported useful as a qualitative measure of the effective dose:3 Add 2 mL of freshly prepared 5% sodium cyanide to 5 mL of a 24-hour aliquot of protein-free urine and let stand 10 minutes. Add five drops of freshly prepared 5% sodium nitroprusside and mix. Cystine will turn the mixture magenta. If the result is negative, it can be assumed that cystine excretion is less than 100 mg/g creatinine.

Although penicillamine is rarely excreted unchanged, it also will turn the mixture magenta. If there is any question as to which substance is causing the reaction, a ferric chloride test can be done to eliminate doubt: Add 3% ferric chloride dropwise to the urine. Penicillamine will turn the urine an immediate and quickly fading blue. Cystine will not produce any change in appearance.

* * *

3
    Lotz, M.; Potts, J.T. and Bartter, F.C.: Brit. Med. J. 2: 521, Aug. 28, 1965 (in Medical Memoranda).
The three interventional groups are currently marketed distraction devices. Arm 3 will be Buzzy® II (vibrating and ice wings) Number 51-75 (BLUE).
### Pregnancy Category C

Animal studies have shown reproductive toxicity in rats and rabbits. Cyclosporine gave no evidence of mutagenic or teratogenic effects in the standard test systems with oral application (rats up to 17 mg/kg and rabbits up to 30 mg/kg per day orally). Only at dose levels toxic to dams were adverse effects seen in reproduction studies in rats. Cyclosporine has been shown to be embryo- and fetotoxic in rats and rabbits following oral administration at maternally toxic doses. Fetal toxicity was noted in rats at 0.8 and rabbits at 5.4 times the transplant doses in humans of 6 mg/kg, where dose corrections are based on body surface area. Cyclosporine was embryo- and fetotoxic as indicated by increased pre- and postnatal mortality and reduced fetal weight together with related skeletal retardation.

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women and, therefore Cyclosporine [MODIFIED] should not be used during pregnancy unless the potential benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

In pregnant transplant recipients who are being treated with immunosuppressants the risk of premature births is increased. The following data represent the reported outcomes of 116 pregnancies in women receiving cyclosporine during pregnancy, 90% of whom were transplant patients, and most of whom received cyclosporine throughout the entire gestational period. The only consistent patterns of abnormality were premature birth (gestational period of 28 to 36 weeks) and low birth weight for gestational age. Sixteen fetal losses occurred. Most of the pregnancies (85 of 100) were complicated by disorders; including, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, premature labor, abruptio placentae, oligohydramnios, Rh incompatibility, and fetoplacental dysfunction. Pre-term delivery occurred in 47%. Seven malformations were reported in 5 viable infants and in 2 cases of fetal loss. Twenty-eight percent of the infants were small for gestational age. Neonatal complications occurred in 27%. Therefore, the risks and benefits of using cyclosporine [MODIFIED] during pregnancy should be carefully weighed.

A limited number of observations in children exposed to cyclosporine in utero is available, up to an age of approximately 7 years. Renal function and blood pressure in these children were normal. 

Because of the possible disruption of maternal-fetal interaction, the risk/benefit ratio of using cyclosporine [MODIFIED] in psoriasis patients during pregnancy should carefully be weighed with serious consideration for discontinuation of cyclosporine [MODIFIED].

The alcohol content of the cyclosporine formulations should also be taken into account in pregnant women. (See WARNINGS, Special Excipients)
The exact mechanism of action of azelaic acid is not known. The following in vitro data are available, but their clinical significance is unknown. Azelaic acid has been shown to possess antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antimicrobial action may be attributable to inhibition of microbial cellular protein synthesis. 

A normalization of keratinization leading to an anticomedonal effect of azelaic acid may also contribute to its clinical activity. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical evaluation of skin biopsies from human subjects treated with AZELEX® Cream demonstrated a reduction in the thickness of the stratum corneum, a reduction in number and size of keratohyalin granules, and a reduction in the amount and distribution of filaggrin (a protein component of keratohyalin) in epidermal layers. This is suggestive of the ability to decrease microcomedo formation. 

Pharmacokinetics: Following a single application of AZELEX® Cream to human skin in vitro, azelaic acid penetrates into the stratum corneum (approximately 3 to 5% of the applied dose) and other viable skin layers (up to 10% of the dose is found in the epidermis and dermis). Negligible cutaneous metabolism occurs after topical application. Approximately 4% of the topically applied azelaic acid is systemically absorbed. Azelaic acid is mainly excreted unchanged in the urine but undergoes some β-oxidation to shorter chain dicarboxylic acids. The observed half-lives in healthy subjects are approximately 45 minutes after oral dosing and 12 hours after topical dosing, indicating percutaneous absorption rate-limited kinetics. 

Azelaic acid is a dietary constituent (whole grain cereals and animal products), and can be formed endogenously from longer-chain dicarboxylic acids, metabolism of oleic acid, and ψ-oxidation of monocarboxylic acids. Endogenous plasma concentration (20 to 80 ng/mL) and daily urinary excretion (4 to 28 mg) of azelaic acid are highly dependent on dietary intake. After topical treatment with AZELEX® Cream in humans, plasma concentration and urinary excretion of azelaic acid are not significantly different from baseline levels.
Despite the wide availability of Direct oral anticoagulation (DOAC), warfarin remains an important oral anticoagulant1 especially in patients with mechanical valve replacement or chronic renal failure where the evidence of DOAC is limited. However, the dosing of warfarin is challenging as it has a narrow therapeutic index and is highly influenced by dietary vitamin K intake and drugs that interacts with cytochrome (CYP) P4501. The time outside therapeutic range will carry the risk of adverse events such as thrombosis and bleeding. Numerous algorithms have been proposed that utilized either clinical or pharmacogenetics factors. The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) has recommended the use of 4 dosing algorithms. However, these algorithms require the input of genetic information such as CYP2C9 and VKORC1 type which are not widely available locally and are less relevant in maintenance phase. Furthermore, these algorithms target mainly at predicting the initiation and the maintenance dose of warfarin. This has provided us with the opportunities to explore the Prediction model for on-treatment warfarin dose titration for outside therapeutic range.
On Day 0 patients will undergo bilateral inguinal surgery. One side will be dressed using a standard surgical dressing, while the other will use a combination hydrogen peroxide/baking soda gel placed over the wound and covered with a sealing dressing. The study team will determine which side gets assigned standard surgical dressing by the flip of a coin.
The present invention relates to hair colouring and hair bleaching compositions comprising a source of hydrogen peroxide, alkalizer and a specified gel network thickener system. The compositions surprisingly provide improved hair colourant and bleaching compositions which deliver improved lift, lightening and colour delivery whilst minimizing damage and scalp sensory irritation which are easy to manufacture and have long shelf life stability. The present invention relates to hair colouring and hair bleaching compositions comprising a source of hydrogen peroxide, alkalizer and a specified gel network thickener system. The compositions surprisingly provide improved hair colourant and bleaching compositions which deliver improved lift, lightening and colour delivery whilst minimizing damage and scalp sensory irritation which are easy to manufacture and have long shelf life stability. An integrated pump assembly (200) for both delivering mud and cement slurry to a borehole during a well completion operation. The pump assembly includes separate mud and cement pumps for maintaining isolation between mud (150) and cement slurry during different stages of the operation. However, in order to obviate the need for a dedicated cement pump (225) prime mover, the cement pump may be driven by the mud pump itself or a prime mover coupled to the mud pump, in the case of coupling the cement pump to the mud pump a hydraulic line may be employed such that hydraulically compatible mud and cement pumps may be more remotely positioned relative to one another if so required based on equipment blueprints for a given well completion facility to be located at a production site.
As ATR is essential for cell self-replication and is activated in the S phase to regulate the origin of replication and repair damaged replication forks. Damage to the replication forks can increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to platinum and hydroxyurea anticancer agents and reduce the resistance of cancer cells. Therefore, inhibiting ATR may be effective in cancer treatment, and an agent to inhibit ATR is sought. Disclosed are a crystalline form of an ATR inhibitor, a preparation method therefor, and the use thereof in the preparation of a drug for treating ATR-related diseases.  Disclosed are Crystal Form A and B  of the compound of formula (I) and composition comprising the same, and preparation processes thereof and use for the manufacture of a medicament for treating an ATR-related disease. Further disclosed is a treating method with administration of present crystal forms and a composition comprising the same.                                        (I)