anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
ASA is the most commonly drug used worldwide for prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, ASA is increasingly recognized as a culprit for small bowel bleeding. The latter condition manifests as overt bleeding (i.e., passing black or bright red stool) or occult blood loss (i.e., normal stool but progressive decrease in hemoglobin level), with normal findings in the stomach and colon. Small bowel bleeding is notoriously difficult to diagnose because it is beyond the reach of conventional endoscopy. The advent of wireless, video capsule endoscopy has revolutionized the visualization of small bowel. Capsule endoscopy is a pill that contains a tiny camera for capturing pictures of the small bowel after being swallowed. Currently, capsule endoscopy is a recommended noninvasive approach of identifying the source of small bowel bleeding.

The problem of small bowel bleeding is increasingly recognized, partly because the use of ASA is rising. In a regional hospital in Hong Kong, we diagnose about 100 cases of ASA-associated small bowel overt bleeding/occult blood loss each year. In a prospective cohort study we found that among ASA users with a history of small bowel bleeding, the risk of recurrent small bowel bleeding is 4 times higher in patients who continued to use ASA than in those who discontinued ASA.

Management of ASA-associated small bowel bleeding is a major clinical challenge for two reasons. First, there is not a single effective treatment for small bowel ulcer. Unlike peptic ulcers, injury to the small bowel is acid-independent. Thus, conventional stomach protective drugs cannot heal or prevent small bowel ulcers in ASA users. Neither can switching to other non-ASA anti-platelet drugs reduce the risk of bleeding. Second, we have shown that continuation of ASA increases the risk of recurrent small bowel bleeding. However, discontinuation of ASA exposes patients to thrombotic complications. Currently, there is no local or international guideline on the management of ASA-associated small bowel bleeding.

Suppression of prostaglandin synthesis is an important mechanism of ASA-induced small injury. Consistent with this theory, preliminary data from a case series showed that misoprostol, a prostaglandin analog, healed small bowel ulcers in ASA users. However, the efficacy of misoprostol in healing ASA-associated small bowel ulcers has not yet been confirmed by prospective randomized trials.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and myocardial infarction (MI) often coexist, and this overlapping nature leads to heightened morbidity and increases the need for comprehensive risk management strategies. The precise trajectory and implications of atrial fibrillation complicating myocardial infarction remain subjects of debate, with divergent reports presenting varying accounts. This review seeks to provide an in-depth exploration of the existing literature to cover the predictors, implication, and available management of new onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
RECENT FINDINGS: Clinical risk factors, laboratory markers, echocardiographic findings, and angiographic data can be used to assess patients at risk of developing NOAF post-AMI. The diagnosis of NOAF post MI has been associated with overall worse short- and long-term prognosis with increased risk for mortality, cardiogenic shock, stroke, and bleeding, along with reduced rates of coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, and higher risk of future recurrence of AF and ischemic stroke. Despite the paucity of preventative treatment, the optimal management of acute coronary syndrome and the use of guideline directed therapy do decrease the risk of development of atrial fibrillation post myocardial infarction.
The cochlear implant (CI) is considered the most successful neuroprosthesis as it enables speech comprehension in the majority of the million otherwise deaf patients. In hearing by electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve, the broad spread of current from each electrode acts as a bottleneck that limits the transfer of sound frequency information. Hence, there remains a major unmet medical need for improving the quality of hearing with CIs. Recently, optogenetic stimulation of the cochlea has been suggested as an alternative approach for hearing restoration. Cochlear optogenetics promises to transfer more sound frequency information, hence improving hearing, as light can conveniently be confined in space to activate the auditory nerve within smaller tonotopic ranges. In this review, we discuss the latest experimental and technological developments of optogenetic hearing restoration and outline remaining challenges en route to clinical translation.
OBJECTIVE: The performance of sarcopenia diagnosis using adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) has been reported. However, the relationship between APMT and low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) is unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between APMT and low SMI and APMT performance to diagnose low SMI in community-dwelling older women undergoing outpatient rehabilitation.
METHODS: This study included 65 older women (mean age: 86.4 years). Subjects were received outpatient rehabilitation one to three times a week. The main outcomes were low SMI as diagnosed using the Asian working group for sarcopenia 2019 and APMT. Logistic regression analysis was performed with low SMI as the dependent variable, APMT, and propensity score calculated using age, sex, number of medications, and updated Charlson comorbidity index as the independent variable. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of APMT for low SMI was created. A cut-off value was calculated using the Youden index.
RESULTS: Among the 65 subjects, 45 (69.2 %) had low SMI. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between APMT and low SMI (odds ratio: 0.482 {95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.313-0.744}). The cut-off value of APMT calculated from the ROC curve was 13 mm. The sensitivity and specificity of this cut-off value were 0.800 (95 % CI: 0.654-0.904) (36 out of 45 subjects) and 0.850 (95 % CI: 0.621-0.968) (17 out of 20 subjects), respectively. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve were 0.923 (95 % CI: 0.791-0.984), 0.654 (95 % CI: 0.443-0.828), and 0.843 (95 % CI: 0.731-0.955), respectively. The APMT cut-off value of 13 mm is good to identify low SMI.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that APMT is associated with low SMI. Furthermore, the cut-off value of APMT for diagnosing low SMI was 13 mm. The APMT cut-off value of 13 mm is good to identify low SMI. Our findings indicate that measuring APMT is useful for diagnosing low SMI in community-dwelling older women undergoing outpatient rehabilitation.
OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a method for long-term (24-h) objective quantification of absence seizures in the EEG of patients with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) in their real home environment using a wearable device (waEEG), comparing automatic detection methods with auditory recognition after seizure sonification.
METHODS: The waEEG recording was acquired with two scalp electrodes. Automatic analysis was performed using previously validated software (Persyst® 14) and then fully reviewed by an experienced clinical neurophysiologist. The EEG data were converted into an audio file in waveform format with a 60-fold time compression factor. The sonified EEG was listened to by three inexperienced observers and the number of seizures and the processing time required for each data set were recorded blind to other data. Quantification of seizures from the patient diary was also assessed.
RESULTS: Eleven waEEG recordings from seven CAE patients with an average age of 8.18 ± 1.60 years were included. No differences in the number of seizures were found between the recordings using automated methods and expert audio assessment, with significant correlations between methods (ρ > .89, p < .001) and between observers (ρ > .96, p < .001). For the entire data set, the audio assessment yielded a sensitivity of .830 and a precision of .841, resulting in an F1 score of .835.
SIGNIFICANCE: Auditory waEEG seizure detection by lay medical personnel provided similar accuracy to post-processed automatic detection by an experienced clinical neurophysiologist, but in a less time-consuming procedure and without the need for specialized resources. Sonification of long-term EEG recordings in CAE provides a user-friendly and cost-effective clinical workflow for quantifying seizures in clinical practice, minimizing human and technical constraints.
A single-stage cluster sampling was followed. All the 'mouzas' (revenue villages) in Shahjadpur sub-district were divided into clusters so that each cluster contained a population of about 3,000. This generated 188 clusters. 104 out of 188 clusters-52 clusters for the intervention and 52 clusters for the control group - were randomly selected for the study to enroll the required 1300 pregnant women. Each cluster was then randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group using a computer generated random sequence. The random allocation sequence was generated independently by a statistician, who had no further involvement with the study. Once allocated, in each cluster all the eligible pregnant women were identified, invited, and enrolled during door-to-door visits by the project field staff. The field staff included female health workers, with the help of existing government community health workers such as family welfare assistants. A total of 628 eligible pregnant women were enrolled in the intervention clusters and a total of 639 eligible pregnant women in the control clusters. During the enrolment in the intervention clusters, a $100Kitchen with the improved cookstoves was installed at each of the 628 pregnant women's households following the verbal and written consent of the women and the household head.
FIELD: biotechnology, medicine, immunology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the production of specific immunoglobulins for an intravenous administration. The specific immunoglobulin fraction is isolated by method that uses ethanol at low temperatures. Fractionation is carried out up to the stage of immunoglobulin dried powder preparing. The dried precipitate of the preparation is dissolved in 2% glucose solution followed by an acid-enzymatic hydrolysis. Pepsin excess is removed with aluminium hydroxide, pH value is brought about to 6.5-7.0 followed by clearing and sterilizing filtration and the preparation is settled to form nonstable proteins precipitate. The precipitate is removed by centrifugation and the end product is obtained after clearing and sterilizing filtration. EFFECT: low an anticomplementary activity of obtained human antistaphylococcus immunoglobulin. 1 ex
PURPOSE: A sustained release formulation containing cilostazol and a method for preparing the same are provided to delay release of cilostazol and to constantly maintain cilostazol concentration in the blood. CONSTITUTION: A sustained release formulation for oral administration of cilostazol contains cilostazol as a pharmacologically active ingredient, a mixture of hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose, a diluent, and a lubricant. A sustained release carrier further contains hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, eudragit RS, sodium alginate, or xanthan gum. The dilutent is lactose, dextrin, starch, fine crystalline cellulose, potassium monohydrogen phosphate, saccharide, or silicon dioxide. The binder is dissolved in the water or organic solvent. The organic solvent is water, ethanol, dichlforomethane, methanol, or mixture thereof.
Patients with a HFA-PEFF score of 2-4 points and no obvious extracardiac explanation for exercise-induced dyspnea. Right heart catheterization with be performed at rest and during stress testing.
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a ballooning of the abdominal aorta, the major blood vessel of the body. AAA occurs in up to 2% of adults. Surgeons will plan an AAA repair when the aneurysm grows bigger than 5.5cm, because the AAA might burst without repair. Over 47,000 AAA repairs are performed each year. Despite the benefits of AAA repair there are risks, and the kidneys can be severely injured. We will test whether the natural health product curcumin has an effect on biomarkers of inflammation, kidney injury and heart injury from AAA repair. Curcumin appears to fight oxidation and inflammation, which are ways that the body can be injured by surgery. We will study 600 patients who have elective AAA repair. The patients will receive either curcumin or a matching placebo. We will recruit the 600 patients from 10 centres in Ontario. This study will help us determine whether curcumin exerts any biological effect on biomarkers and whether it is well tolerated. If there is evidence of beneficial effects in this 600 patient trial, this will justify a future larger trial to assess the effects of curcumin on outcomes most important to patients, families and their healthcare providers.
Apatinib mesylate tablets(ATAN) is taken 750mg every day orally, half hour after breakfast with warm water. The drug is taken 4 weeks one cycle until disease progression or intolerable toxicity or death.The dose of the study drug may be modified following the occurence of a clinically significant adverse event(AE).
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To find out a method for effectively utilizing an extract from a flower of Thea sinensis L. =Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze which is a plant of the genus Thea of the family Theaceae having high effectiveness and, on the other hand, to provide an effective and safe external preparation for skin and functional healthy food for diseases or trouble caused according to weakening of secretion of estrogen by aging.  <P>SOLUTION: It is found that the extract from the flower of the Thea sinensis L. =Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze which is the plant of the genus Thea of the family Theaceae has functions that have not hitherto been confirmed, i.e. estrogen-like actions. Furthermore, it is found that the extract is effective against various diseases or trouble caused by deterioration of estrogen secretion. Multilateral prophylaxis and amelioration of life style-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipemia and arteriosclerosis, autonomic dystonia, climacteric disturbance, skin trouble, wrinkles, sagging, etc., as the diseases or the trouble can be carried out.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
If the patient is in the control group in group assignment; After the first encounter and obtaining consent, the "Personal Information Form" will be filled in. Next 1., 4.,8. And in the 12th weeks, the "Drug Protocol Information Form", "Modified Morisky Scale" and "Complications Follow-up Form" will be filled in by telephone interviewing the patient. It is estimated that each phone call with the patient for data collection will take approximately 10 minutes.
End-stage liver disease patients who are being followed up at the Department of Gastroentereology of Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine will be included in the study. When the participants come to the gastroenterology department for control, they will be directed to us and the assessment will begin after written and verbal approval is obtained. The Liver Frailty Index will be used to assess the frailty of the participants. Accordingly, hand grip test, 5 repeat sit-up test and side, semi-tandem and tandem balance measurements will be made and a total frailty score will be obtained. Submaximal aerobic capacities and functional capacities will be evaluated by 6 Minute Walk Test. Then, maximal inspiratory muscle pressure and maximal expiratory muscle pressure of the participants will be measured and respiratory muscle strength will be evaluated. Finally, maximal aerobic capacity will be measured by Shuttle Walk Test.
This review article investigates solid organ transplantation-induced osteoporosis, a critical yet often overlooked issue, emphasizing its significance in post-transplant care. The initial sections provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence and multifactorial pathogenesis of transplantation osteoporosis, including factors such as deteriorating post-transplantation health, hormonal changes, and the impact of immunosuppressive medications. Furthermore, the review is dedicated to organ-specific considerations in transplantation osteoporosis, with separate analyses for kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplantations. Each section elucidates the unique challenges and management strategies pertinent to transplantation osteoporosis in relation to each organ type, highlighting the necessity of an organ-specific approach to fully understand the diverse manifestations and implications of transplantation osteoporosis. This review underscores the importance of this topic in transplant medicine, aiming to enhance awareness and knowledge among clinicians and researchers. By comprehensively examining transplantation osteoporosis, this study contributes to the development of improved management and care strategies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes in this vulnerable group. This detailed review serves as an essential resource for those involved in the complex multidisciplinary care of transplant recipients.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the role and mechanism of metformin (MET) in regulating myocardial injury caused by cardiac ischemia-reperfusion.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was established by ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. The myocardial area at risk and the infarction size were measured by Evans blue and 2,3,5‑triphenyltetrazole chloride (TTC) staining, respectively. Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to detect apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. The expression of 4‑hydroxynonenal (4‑HNE) was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and expression of the Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) - 3‑hydroxy-3‑methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) signaling pathway, respectively.
RESULTS: MET treatment decreased the infarct size and the activity of the myocardial enzyme profile, thus demonstrating protection of ischemic myocardium. The number of TUNEL positive cells significantly decreased. Immunohistochemical results showed that MET decreased the expression of 4‑HNE in myocardial tissue and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in myocardial cells. Further experimental results showed that MET decreased HMGCR transcription and protein expression, and increased AMPK phosphorylation. In the model of hypoxia and reoxygenation injury of cardiomyocytes, MET increased the viability of cardiomyocytes, decreased the activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), decreased malondialdehyde content and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations, and regulate the AMPK-HMGCR signaling pathway through coenzyme C (ComC).
CONCLUSION: MET inhibits the expression of HMGCR by activating AMPK, reduces oxidative damage and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Patients receive pembrolizumab IV on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 18 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also receive dendritic cell therapy IT on days 2, 8, and 15 of cycles 2 and 3, and day 2 of cycles 4 and 5. Patients undergo cryosurgery on day 2 of cycle 2 and receive pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine by injection on day 2 of cycles 2-5. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 5 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients who are CR, PR, or SD after completion of therapy, may receive pembrolizumab for an additional 18 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
PURPOSE: Various screening techniques have been developed for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) to reduce implantation failure and miscarriages in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment. Among these methods, the Oxford nanopore technology (ONT) has already been tested in several tissues. However, no studies have applied ONT to polar bodies, a cellular material that is less restrictively regulated for PGT-A in some countries.
METHODS: We performed rapid short nanopore sequencing on pooled first and second polar bodies of 102 oocytes from women undergoing IVF treatment to screen for aneuploidy. An automated analysis pipeline was developed with the expectation of three chromatids per chromosome. The results were compared to those obtained by array-based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH).
RESULTS: ONT and aCGH were consistent for 96% (98/102) of sample ploidy classification. Of those samples, 36 were classified as euploid, while 62 were classified as aneuploid. The four discordant samples were assessed as euploid using aCGH but classified as aneuploid using ONT. The concordance of the ploidy classification (euploid, gain, or loss) per chromosome was 92.5% (2169 of 2346 of analysed chromosomes) using aCGH and ONT and increased to 97.7% (2113/2162) without the eight samples assessed as highly complex aneuploid using ONT.
CONCLUSION: The automated detection of the ploidy classification per chromosome and shorter duplications or deletions depending on the sequencing depth demonstrates an advantage of the ONT method over standard, commercial aCGH methods, which do not consider the presence of three chromatids in pooled polar bodies.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS) inflammation is used as model to understand the role of inflammation in brain diseases. However, no studies have assessed the ability of peripheral low-level chronic LPS to induce neutrophil activation in the periphery and brain. Subclinical levels of LPS were injected intraperitoneally into mice to investigate its impacts on neutrophil frequency and activation. Neutrophil activation, as measured by CD11b expression, was higher in LPS-injected mice compared to saline-injected mice after 4 weeks but not 8 weeks of injections. Neutrophil frequency and activation increased in the periphery 4-12 h and 4-8 h after the fourth and final injection, respectively. Increased levels of G-CSF, TNFa, IL-6, and CXCL2 were observed in the plasma along with increased neutrophil elastase, a marker of neutrophil extracellular traps, peaking 4 h following the final injection. Neutrophil activation was increased in the brain of LPS-injected mice when compared to saline-injected mice 4-8 h after the final injection. These results indicate that subclinical levels of peripheral LPS induces neutrophil activation in the periphery and brain. This model of chronic low-level systemic inflammation could be used to understand how neutrophils may act as mediators of the periphery-brain axis of inflammation with age and/or in mouse models of neurodegenerative or neuroinflammatory disease.