anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an antidemential agent excellent in intracerebral transferability, long in effective action time, slight in adverse effect, comprising a liposome preparation containing an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor. SOLUTION: An acetylcholine esterase inhibitor such as an acridine derivative, especially tacrine (chemical name 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine) is sealed in a liposome to give a liposome preparation. The pharmaceutical preparation of the Iiposome is carried out by forming a lipid thin membrane by using tacrine, a liposome forming substance (e.g. phosphatidylcholine) and a proper additive and an organic solvent and treating the thin membrane by an ultrasonic waves. The liposome preparation is effective for treating central nerve-based disorders such as senile dementia of Alzheimer and cerebrovascular dementia. The dose of an acetylcholine esterase strong in hepatotoxicity, etc., can be reduced.
Liver cancer currently represents the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The majority of liver cancer arises in the context of chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have been the guideline-recommended treatment options for decades. Despite enormous advances in the field of liver cancer therapy, an effective cure is yet to be found. Plant-derived polyphenols constitute a large family of phytochemicals, with pleiotropic effects and little toxicity. They can drive cellular events and modify multiple signaling pathways which involves initiation, progression and metastasis of liver cancer and play an important role in contributing to anti-liver cancer drug development. The potential of plant-derived polyphenols for treating liver cancer has gained attention from research clinicians and pharmaceutical scientists worldwide in the last decades. This review overviews hepatic carcinogenesis and briefly discusses anti-liver cancer mechanisms associated with plant-derived polyphenols, specifically involving cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metastasis. We focus on plant-derived polyphenols with experiment-based chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties against liver cancer and generalize their basic molecular mechanisms of action. We also discuss potential opportunities and challenges in translating plant-derived polyphenols from preclinical success into clinical applications.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an emulsifier which shows superb moisture retaining properties, remarkable protecting efficacy for rough skin and high emulsification characteristics by adding a sphingo glycolipid of such a structure as shown by a specific formula. SOLUTION: This emulsifier contains a sphingo glycolipid of such a structure as shown by a formula. In the formula, R1 is a saccharic part constituted of 1-4 pieces of hexose or one piece of uronic acid selected from the group of the uronic acid, glucosamine, galactose and mannose. R2 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group which may have a cycloalkyl group. The alkyol group, the alkenyl group and the alkynyl group or R2 may be of a linear chain or a branched chain type or may be or may not be substituted with a hydroxyl group or the like. R3 is an alkyl group and the alkyl group of R3 may be of a linear chain or a branched chain type. Further the alkyl group may be or may not be substituted with the hydroxyl group. Besides, the number of carbon atoms of R2 and R3 is preferably within the 15-25 range.
PURPOSE: To report two cases of syphilis masquerading as chronic refractory macular diseases.
CASE DESCRIPTIONS: Two patients had been diagnosed with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (neovascular AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME), respectively. The disease worsened despite repeated intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and also surgical treatment (in suspected case of DME). Systemic evaluations were positive for syphilis. Intravenous penicillin was started, and the macular diseases improved. The lesions were well controlled afterward.
CONCLUSIONS: The current two cases demonstrated that ocular syphilis can masquerade as refractory chronic retinal diseases such as DME and neovascular AMD. Laboratory evaluations for syphilis may be needed, not only for uveitis but also for refractory retinal diseases. Indocyanine green angiography may be helpful to reveal occult syphilis.
PURPOSE:A liposome preparation capable of collecting a chemotherapeutic agent at the affected part by carrying out magnetic field control from the outside and making the chemotherapeutic agent act specifically and concentrically, containing the chemotherapeutic agent and magnetic iron oxide in particles and/or membranes. CONSTITUTION:0.001-0.7pt.wt. based on 1pt.wt. complex phospholipid forming liposome of a chemotherapeutic agent (e.g. carcinostatic agent, enzyme, enzyme inhibitor, anti-inflammatory drug or immunosuppressor) and 0.001-0.7pt.wt. magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) are contained in particles and/or membrane of liposome preparation. Magnetosome obtained by cultivating a magneto-taxis microorganism and separating the mold or magnetic iron oxide obtained by further purifying the magnetosome is preferably used as the magnetic oxide.
Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk for colon cancer. Current guidelines recommend periodic surveillance colonoscopy in individuals who fulfill certain high-risk criteria. Endoscopists must perform a high number of biopsies (over 33 per patient) in order to increase the yield of such procedures. Chromoendoscopy (CE) has the ability to identify subtle lesions that are otherwise missed by standard endoscopy. Whether CE can replace standard colonoscopy in the surveillance of patients with UC is unknown.

Comparison: both standard biopsies and targeted biopsies will be obtained during colonoscopy from patients with UC who are candidates for surveillance colonoscopy. The yield of the two methods will be compared based on the number of biopsies required to identify one dysplastic (precancerous) lesion.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are standard therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Each of these drugs has a specific profile of tyrosine kinases that they inhibit and, although all are clinically effective, they each have unique toxicity profiles. With the introduction of ponatinib, arterio-occlusive events were first noted and later found to occur with all TKIs to various extents. The recognition of this "class effect" was delayed considering ponatinib was introduced 10 years after the introduction of imatinib. The reasons for the delay in identification of this class effect are likely multifaceted. Importantly, there is an inconsistency in adverse event reporting criteria among the major clinical trials of the various TKIs, likely resulting in mixed reporting of arterio-occlusive events. Reporting events based on a frequency threshold, lack of sufficient follow-up, attempts at causality attribution, and the primary focus on molecular response may all have played an additional role. Considering the increasing rate of arterio-occlusive events over time, the termination of many trials after only 5 years prevents full assessment of the impact of these events. A comprehensive evaluation of TKI adverse effects using uniform Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities terms and comprehensive adjudication of these events may be helpful in better assessing the real risk for patients with each TKI. Future clinical trials should use a uniform and comprehensive approach to reporting adverse events without attempting to assign causality to the study drug.
The present study aimed to apply a sinusoidal model to duck body weight records in order to introduce it to the field of poultry science. Using 8 traditional growth functions as a guide (Bridges, Janoschek, logistic, Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Richards, Schumacher, and Morgan), this study looked at how well the sinusoidal equation described the growth patterns of ducks. By evaluating statistical performance and examining model behavior during nonlinear regression curve fitting, models were compared. The data used in this study came from 3 published articles reporting 1) body weight records of Kuzi ducks aged 1 to 70 d, 2) body weight records for Polish Peking ducks aged 1 to 70 d, and 3) average body weight of Peking ducks aged 1 to 42 d belonging to 5 different breeds. The general goodness-of-fit of each model to the various data profiles was assessed using the adjusted coefficient of determination, root mean square error, Akaike's information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion. All of the models had adjusted coefficient of determination values that were generally high, indicating that the models generally fit the data well. Duck growth dynamics are accurately described by the chosen sinusoidal equation. The sinusoidal equation was found to be one of the best functions for describing the age-related changes in body weight in ducks when the growth functions were compared using the goodness-of-fit criteria. To date, no research has been conducted on the use of sinusoidal equations to describe duck growth development. To describe the growth curves for a variety of duck strains/lines, the sinusoidal function employed in this study serves as a suitable substitute for conventional growth functions.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To assess the clinical activity of timed administration of TMZ therapy in patients with stage IV melanoma who have or have not received prior chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To assess the toxicity profile of timed administration of TMZ therapy in patients with stage IV melanoma who have or have not received prior chemotherapy for their metastatic disease. II. To evaluate the parameters of immune homeostasis that are associated with the anti-tumor immune biorhythm in order to gain insight into the mechanism of the observed clinical and immunological effect of timed TMZ chemotherapy. III. To evaluate the impact of timed TMZ chemotherapy on immune biomarkers and the anti-tumor immune biorhythms. OUTLINE: Prior to initiation of therapy patients will undergo a period of immunologic monitoring to analyze the bioperiodicity of their anti-tumor immune response. Patients with an established biorhythm will receive TMZ orally (PO) starting on the recommended day for 5 days. Treatment repeats every 21-42 days (based on the established biorhythm) until of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients without an established biorhythm are given the option to go off study or receive TMZ PO on days 1-5. Courses repeat every 28 days until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for up to 2 years.
The invention discloses a glucose-responsive macromolecular self-assembled nano-material PAM-PASPBA-PEG and an intelligent insulin administration preparation. The structural formula of the PAM-PASPBA-PEG is shown in a formula I, wherein PAM represents a polyamide-amine dendritic polymer; n is an integer of 300-500; m is an integer of 1320-3420. The intelligent insulin administration preparation consists of PAM-PASPBA-PEG and insulin; insulin is embedded in PAM-PASPBA-PEG. The preparation utilizes the characteristic that phenylboronic acid can be specifically combined with glucose molecules, and releases insulin from a drug carrier by changing the physical property and the form of a high-molecular carrier, so that the responsiveness of glucose is realized. The preparation can greatly accelerate the responsiveness of the preparation to glucose through nanocrystallization treatment. In addition, the material mainly consists of amino acid, so that the material also has better biological tissue compatibility.
Scoliosis is a disease that involves lateral and/or rotational deformity of the spine and can affect up to 4% of the population. Typically, surgery is considered when Cobb's angle, which is a measurement used for evaluation of curves in scoliosis on an anterior-posterior radiographic projection of the spine, is greater than 50 degrees in the thoracic region (40 degrees in the lumbar region) or when the curvature causes significant pain, or respiratory and cardiovascular restriction. Patient undergoing this surgical correction experience severe pain in the postoperative period and the management includes the use of opioid-based patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).

Methadone is an opioid with one of the longest elimination half-life and has been used as an effective analgesic for acute, chronic, neuropathic, and cancer pain in adults, children, and even neonates1-5. Its long duration of action and antagonism to the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor may decrease the need for PCA use in the postoperative period. Gourlay2 demonstrated the effectiveness and utility of perioperative methadone including the advantages of longer analgesia with no serious side effects of respiratory depression. A recent study by Gottschalk2 in adult patients demonstrated a 50% reduction of postoperative opioids at 48 hours and lower pain scores after a single bolus of methadone before surgical incision. However, a major weakness of the study is that patients did not receive equipotent intraoperative opioids. In addition, the adolescent patient population will undergo a much larger surgical incision with potential for greater postoperative pain. Despite this potential benefit, methadone is seldom used in the perioperative setting. A more recent pharmacokinetic study of methadone in adolescents undergoing spine surgery failed to show a reduction in opioid consumption as it was powered to determine pharmacokinetics and not a secondary endpoint of postoperative opioid consumption. An appropriately powered study is still required to determine the efficacy of methadone in reducing postoperative pain after spine surgery.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease characterized by multifocal lesions and smoldering pathology. Although single-cell analyses provided insights into cytopathology, evolving cellular processes underlying MS remain poorly understood. We investigated the cellular dynamics of MS by modeling temporal and regional rates of disease progression in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). By performing single-cell spatial expression profiling using in situ sequencing (ISS), we annotated disease neighborhoods and found centrifugal evolution of active lesions. We demonstrated that disease-associated (DA)-glia arise independently of lesions and are dynamically induced and resolved over the disease course. Single-cell spatial mapping of human archival MS spinal cords confirmed the differential distribution of homeostatic and DA-glia, enabled deconvolution of active and inactive lesions into sub-compartments, and identified new lesion areas. By establishing a spatial resource of mouse and human MS neuropathology at a single-cell resolution, our study unveils the intricate cellular dynamics underlying MS.
Midazolam (0.045 mg/kg; Roche Products Ireland Ltd) will be made up as a 50 ml colourless saline solution and administered as a slow infusion over 40 minutes using an intravenous infusion pump. A course of up to four once-weekly infusions will be administered.
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), also known as Multiorgan Hypersensitivity, has been reported in patients taking eslicarbazepine acetate. DRESS may be fatal or life-threatening. DRESS typically, although not exclusively, presents with fever, rash, and/or lymphadenopathy, in association with other organ system involvement, such as hepatitis, nephritis, hematological abnormalities, myocarditis, or myositis sometimes resembling an acute viral infection. Eosinophilia is often present. Because this disorder is variable in its expression, other organ systems not noted here may be involved. It is important to note that early manifestations of hypersensitivity, such as fever or lymphadenopathy, may be present even though rash is not evident. If such signs or symptoms are present, the patient should be evaluated immediately. Eslicarbazepine acetate should be discontinued and not be resumed if an alternative etiology for the signs or symptoms cannot be established. Patients with a prior DRESS reaction with either oxcarbazepine or eslicarbazepine acetate should not be treated with eslicarbazepine acetate [see Contraindications ( 4)] .
ABSTRACT This invention relates to liposomes comprising at least one nonguanidino nonphosphate aminoglycoside present in a drug to lipid ratio (eq. wt.) of at least about 3:50 (w/w), to liposomes comprising at least one guanidino nonphosphate aminoglycoside present in a drug (eq. wt.) to lipid ratio of at least about 9:25 (w/w), and to a method of preparing aminoglycoside-containing SPLV liposomes having a drug to lipid ratio (eq. wt.) of at least about 3:50 (w/w), the method comprising: a) dissolving at least one amphipathic lipid in organic solvent; b) adding to the solution formed by step (a) an aqueous phase and an aminoglycoside, thus forming a biphasic mixture; c) emulsifying the aqueous phase within the organic solvent while evaporating the solvent; and d) stabilizing the material resulting from (c) by maintaining the material in a hydrated state for at least about 8 hours.
A technique for predicting bone resection issues during robotic surgery is provided. The technique includes accessing robotic surgery resection parameters and receiving landmarks from the distal end of a patient's femur. A 3D model of the distal femur is generated based on the landmarks. A virtual robotic resection of the distal femur is simulated using the model and parameters. Analysis of the simulated resection predicts possible issues like notching of the trochlea. Warnings are generated if problems are predicted, allowing the surgeon to adjust the plan pre-operatively. By simulating the robotic bone resection, potential problems can be anticipated and avoided through appropriate changes to the surgical plan.
Five systems titanium bar CARES® and synOcta® Straumann® Dental Implant System, Holding AG Inc., Basel, Switzerland (Bar overdenture: Group 1) For the manufacture of the overdentures it was used as material of choice Lucitone 199® (Dentsply International Inc. York, PA) and for the adaptation of the retention systems it was used Softreliner Tough Soft® Tocuyama Dental Corporation Inc., Japan. The working protocol for determining the BOD Ra and the adhesion of molds and yeasts and mesophyll aerobics was carried out entirely by an investigator. Patients were randomly assigned to group 1. The BOD were removed at 30 - 180 days for surface roughness evaluation (Ra:ųm) and the evaluation of the adhesion of mold and yeast and mesophyll aerobe (CFU/ml).
Participants in the observation group were evaluated once every 2 weeks for the first 12 weeks (test period). No darbepoetin alfa was administered to the observation group during this period. Darbepoetin alfa could be initiated at a dose of 3.0 μg/kg once every 2 weeks beginning with the first visit after the test period at which the participants hemoglobin concentration was less than or equal to 11.0 g/dL. The dose of darbepoetin alfa could be increased to 5.0 μg/kg once every 2 weeks after 6 weeks of darbepoetin alfa treatment in participants with a hemoglobin change from baseline of less than 1.0 g/dL.
Individuals of Mexican descent comprise the largest proportion of the Latino population in the United States and they suffer high rates of obesity. Short sleep is a risk factor for obesity. An improved understanding of the underlying behavioral mechanisms by which short sleep duration may impact obesity among Mexican American children is critical to prevent and/or reduce obesity and chronic disease in this population. This research will focus on behavioral mechanisms (i.e., diet and physical activity) that link sleep duration to obesity. Mexican American 8-10-year-olds will participate in a 3-week crossover study to examine: 1) contextual factors (i.e., bedtime routines, sleep hygiene, familism) that may impact sleep; and 2) the impact of prior night's sleep duration on diet and physical activity the subsequent day. This research design will make it possible to examine whether sufficient sleep is protective of energy balance (e.g., healthful dietary intake/patterns and physical activity) as well as contextual factors related sleep.
Elimination: The terminal elimination half-life of lidocaine from the plasma following IV administration is approximately 65 to 150 minutes (mean 110, ±24 SD, n=13). More than 98% of an absorbed dose of lidocaine can be recovered in the urine as metabolites or parent drug. The systemic clearance is 10 to 20 mL/min/kg (mean 13, ±3 SD, n=13). The elimination half-life of prilocaine is approximately 10 to 150 minutes (mean 70, ±48 SD, n=13). The systemic clearance is 18 to 64 mL/min/kg (mean 38, ±15 SD, n=13). During intravenous studies, the elimination half-life of lidocaine was statistically significantly longer in elderly patients (2.5 hours) than in younger patients (1.5 hours). No studies are available on the intravenous pharmacokinetics of prilocaine in elderly patients. 

Pediatrics: Some pharmacokinetic (PK) data are available in infants (1 month to <2 years old) and children (2 to <12 years old). One PK study was conducted in 9 full-term neonates (mean age: 7 days and mean gestational age: 38.8 weeks). The study results show that neonates had comparable plasma lidocaine and prilocaine concentrations and blood methemoglobin concentrations as those found in previous pediatric PK studies and clinical trials. There was a tendency towards an increase in methemoglobin formation. However, due to assay limitations and very little amount of blood that could be collected from neonates, large variations in the above reported concentrations were found. 

Special Populations: No specific PK studies were conducted. The half-life may be increased in cardiac or hepatic dysfunction. Prilocaine's half-life also may be increased in hepatic or renal dysfunction since both of these organs are involved in prilocaine metabolism.
The safety and effectiveness of LENVIMA in pediatric patients have not been established.

The safety and efficacy of LENVIMA alone and in combination were investigated but not established in four open label studies (NCT02432274, NCT04154189, NCT04447755, NCT03245151) in 232 patients aged 2 to <17 years with relapsed or refractory solid tumors, including osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and high-grade glioma. Hypothyroidism and pneumothorax were observed at a higher rate in pediatric patients compared to that of adult patients. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of lenvatinib in pediatric patients were within range of values previously observed in adults at the approved recommended dose of 24 mg.

Juvenile Animal Data

Daily oral administration of lenvatinib mesylate to juvenile rats for 8 weeks starting on postnatal day 21 (approximately equal to a human pediatric age of 2 years) resulted in growth retardation (decreased body weight gain, decreased food consumption, and decreases in the width and/or length of the femur and tibia) and secondary delays in physical development and reproductive organ immaturity at doses greater than or equal to 2 mg/kg (approximately 1.2 to 5 times the human exposure based on AUC at the recommended clinical dose of 24 mg). Decreased length of the femur and tibia persisted following 4 weeks of recovery. In general, the toxicologic profile of lenvatinib was similar between juvenile and adult rats, though toxicities including broken teeth at all dose levels and mortality at the 10 mg/kg/day dose level (attributed to primary duodenal lesions) occurred at earlier treatment time-points in juvenile rats.
Patients will take every day for 12 weeks two oral placebo capsules. Capsules should be taken orally either two hours before meal or two hours after meal. The same patients will take every day on exactly the same time for 12 weeks two vials of 15 ml volume of the Fe-Asp preparation Omalin (Uni-Pharma SA) delivering 40 mg of elemental iron.