anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The study investigates the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg_1(GRg_1) on sepsis-induced acute lung injury(SALI). A murine model of SALI was created using cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) surgery, and mice were randomly assigned to groups for GRg_1 intervention. Survival and body weight changes were recorded, lung function was assessed with a non-invasive lung function test system, and lung tissue damage was evaluated through HE staining. The content and expression of inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR. Apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. The activation and expression of apoptosis-related molecules cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3(caspase-3), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax), and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related molecules protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4(ATF4), and C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP) were studied using Western blot and qRT-PCR. In addition, an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced lung alveolar epithelial cell injury was used, with the application of the endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer tunicamycin to validate the action mechanism of GRg_1. RESULTS:: indicated that, when compared to the model group, GRg_1 intervention significantly enhanced the survival time of CLP mice, mitigated body weight loss, and improved impaired lung function indices. The GRg_1-treated mice also displayed reduced lung tissue pathological scores, a reduced lung tissue wet-to-dry weight ratio, and lower protein content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Serum levels of interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), as well as the mRNA expressions of these cytokines in lung tissues, were decreased. There was a notable decrease in the proportion of apopto-tic alveolar epithelial cells, and down-regulated expressions of caspase-3, Bax, PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP and up-regulated expression of Bcl-2 were observed. In vitro findings showed that the apoptosis-lowering and apoptosis-related protein down-regulating effects of GRg_1 were significantly inhibited with the co-application of tunicamycin. Altogether, GRg_1 reduces apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, inhibits inflammation in the lungs, alleviates lung injury, and enhances lung function, possibly through the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway.
The invention discloses a multifunctional anti-tumor polymer drug, a preparation method and application thereof. The polymer drug is assembled by water-soluble brush-shaped conjugated polymer in water solution. The water-soluble brush-shaped structure conjugated polymer takes polybenzthiadiazole-fluorene as a conjugated main chain and an amide-amine dendritic molecule as a side chain, and a carbon monoxide donor CORM-401 and polyethylene glycol are modified on the surface of the polymer. The high molecular medicine of the present invention can generate I and II type photodynamic under the irradiation of near infrared light, and the photodynamic therapy of tumors is realized. Under the irradiation of near infrared light, the polymer medicine can also release carbon monoxide, so that the gas treatment of tumors is realized. In addition, the high molecular medicine can also generate near-infrared two-zone fluorescence under the excitation of near-infrared light, so that the optical imaging of the tumor is realized.
PURPOSE: Provided are compounds which sufficiently inhibit LRAT or ARAT catalyzed esterification of retinol into inactive retinyl esters, have the same effect on keratinocytes as retinoic acid. Thus, effects of retinol or retinyl esters in combination with these compounds are analogous to treatment with retinoic acid. CONSTITUTION: Provided is a skin conditioning composition containing: (a) from 0.001% to 10%, by weight of the composition of retinal or retinyl ester; (b) from 0.0001% to 50%, by weight of the composition of a compound which inhibits at least 20% of LRAT or ARAT catalyzed retinal esterification at 100 AM concentration as measured by an in vitro Microsomal Assay; wherein the compound is not a fatty acid amide or dimethyl imidazolidinone; and (c) a cosmetically acceptable vehicle. prevention and treatment of one or more of the following: dry skin, photodamaged skin, appearance of wrinkles, age spots, aged skin. The composition prevents and treats one or more of the following: dry skin, photodamaged skin, appearance of wrinkles, age spots, aged skin, and are also useful for increasing stratum corneum flexibility, lightening skin color, controlling sebum excretion and generally increasing the quality of skin. The composition may be used to improve skin desquamation and epidermal differentiation.
BACKGROUND: Amphiregulin (AREG) is a ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which plays an important role in injury-induced kidney fibrosis. However, the clinical significance of serum soluble AREG in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. In this study, we elucidated the clinical significance of serum soluble AREG in CKD by analyzing the association of serum soluble AREG levels with renal function and other clinical parameters in patients with CKD.
METHODS: In total, 418 Japanese patients with CKD were enrolled, and serum samples were collected for the determination of soluble AREG and creatinine (Cr) levels, and other clinical parameters. Additionally, these parameters were evaluated after 2 and 3 years. Moreover, immunohistochemical assay was performed ate AREG expression in the kidney tissues of patients with CKD.
RESULTS: Soluble AREG levels were positively correlated with serum Cr (p < 0.0001). Notably, initial AREG levels were positively correlated with changes in renal function (ΔCr) after 2 (p < 0.0001) and 3 years (P = 0.048). Additionally, soluble AREG levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in patients with diabetic nephropathy or primary hypertension. Moreover, AREG was highly expressed in renal tubular cells in patients with advanced CKD, but only weakly expressed in patients with preserved renal function.
CONCLUSION: Serum soluble AREG levels were significantly correlated with renal function, and changes in renal function after 2 and 3 years, indicating that serum soluble AREG levels might serve as a biomarker of renal function and renal prognosis in CKD.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve easy and hygienic work by a method wherein a rod is so fastened to allow a part thereof to be inserted into one open end of a cylinder and slidable within the cylinder in application and a part of a cap with a tip part thereof shaped almost into a spindle is mounted at the other open end thereof to facilitate insertion into an anus. SOLUTION: A suppository is housed into a cylinder 2 in a state where the tip part thereof sticks out from the other open end of the cylinder 2 and the tip part of the suppository sticking out is formed almost in a spindle identical to the shape of the tip part of a cap 4. In the application of a suppository inserter 1 thus obtained, firstly, the cap 4 is removed to expose the tip part of the suppository. Then, a thumb is put on an finger hook 7 of the rod 3 to pinch the cylinder 2 between the index finger and the midfinger put on a second flange 6. Then, the tip part of the suppository sticking out is inserted into an anus and the cylinder 2 is put through to a first flange 5. Then, the rod 3 is forced until the finger hook 7 contacts the second flange 6 to insert the whole of the suppository into a rectum.
The present disclosure describes a study of estrogenic activity present in various plant species, selectively inducing some but not all estrogenic responses in the uterus. Prepubertal female rats were treated sequentially with various extracts or decoctions of different plant species or its vehicle, followed 1 h later by treatment with estradiol-17β (E) or its solvent. Uteri were excised under anesthesia and histologically processed for eosinophil quantification and morphometric evaluation of various uterine responses to estrogen, at 6 or 24 h after hormone or vehicle treatment. Besides extracts or decoctions, pure phytoestrogens were also used. Additionally, human mammary cancer cells MCF-7 or MDAMB-231 were cultured in presence of the extract (or decoction), E, both or solvent and cell proliferation was evaluated. Various extracts or decoction displayed selective estrogenic and/or antiestrogenic action for some but not all parameters of estrogen stimulation in the uterus and inhibited growth of human mammary cells in culture or antagonized the estrogen-induced increase in their growth. Present results reveal, for the first time, a dissociation of responses to estrogen by phytoestrogens, suggesting its possible therapeutic application as estrogenic compounds not inducing cell proliferation and reveal the anticancerous effect of some of the extracts with possible therapeutic relevance. The dissociation of responses to estrogen additionally suggest therapeutic applications in estrogen-related diseases (for instance, premenstrual syndrome, endometriosis, etc.); the inhibition of eosinophil degranulation suggest an application in diseases related to eosinophils (hypereosinophilic syndrome, allergic and hypersensitivity diseases).
Acquired resistance to immunotherapy remains a critical yet incompletely understood biological mechanism. Here, using a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to study tumor relapse following immunotherapy-induced responses, we find that resistance is reproducibly associated with an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with EMT-transcription factors ZEB1 and SNAIL functioning as master genetic and epigenetic regulators of this effect. Acquired resistance in this model is not due to immunosuppression in the tumor immune microenvironment, disruptions in the antigen presentation machinery, or altered expression of immune checkpoints. Rather, resistance is due to a tumor cell-intrinsic defect in T-cell killing. Molecularly, EMT leads to the epigenetic and transcriptional silencing of interferon regulatory factor 6 (Irf6), rendering tumor cells less sensitive to the pro-apoptotic effects of TNF-α. These findings indicate that acquired resistance to immunotherapy may be mediated by programs distinct from those governing primary resistance, including plasticity programs that render tumor cells impervious to T-cell killing.
INTRODUCTION: Persistent critical illness (PCI) is a syndrome in which the acute presenting problem has been stabilized, but the patient's clinical state does not allow ICU discharge. The burden associated with PCI is substantial. The most obvious marker of PCI is prolonged ICU length of stay (LOS), usually greater than 10 days. Urea to Creatinine ratio (UCr) has been suggested as an early marker of PCI development.
METHODS: A single-center retrospective study. Data of patients admitted to a general mixed medical-surgical ICU during Jan 1st 2018 till Dec 31st 2022 was extracted, including demographic data, baseline characteristics, daily urea and creatinine results, renal replacement therapy (RRT) provided, and outcome measures - length of stay, and mortality (ICU, and 90 days). Patients were defined as PCI patients if their LOS was >10 days. We used Fisher exact test or Chi-square to compare PCI and non-PCI patients. The association between UCr with PCI development was assessed by repeated measures linear model. Multivariate Cox regression was used for 1 year mortality assessment.
RESULTS: 2098 patients were included in the analysis. Patients who suffered from PCI were older, with higher admission prognostic scores. Their 90-day mortality was significantly higher than non-PCI patients (34.58% vs 12.18%, p < 0.0001). A significant difference in UCr was found only on the first admission day among all patients. This was not found when examining separately surgical, trauma, or transplantation patients. We did not find a difference in UCr in different KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) stages. Elevated UCr and PCI were found to be significantly associated with 1 year mortality.
CONCLUSION: In this single center retrospective cohort study, UCr was not found to be associated with PCI development.
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the change in 24 hour urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6SMT) collected for 24 hours in two twelve hour sessions. The secondary objectives are to evaluate the change in serum morning melatonin level. In addition, quality of life (QOL) measures will be assessed including the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Clinical objectives include the number of relapses during the trial and a change in the Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) \& Performance Scales (PS).

The pilot study is a one-year randomized, rater- and dose-blinded trial evaluating the potential role of melatonin in subjects with relapsing multiple sclerosis who have been taking a stable dose of an oral disease modifying therapy (DMT) for at least 6 months. The oral DMTs include dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod, teriflunomide, diroximel fumarate, siponimod, and ozanimod. Thirty subjects with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis who meet all of the eligibility criteria will be enrolled at Providence Neurological Specialties in Portland, Oregon.
The invention discloses a liver-soothing and qi-regulating traditional Chinese medicine composition used for treating depression, and a preparation method thereof. According to the weight, the traditional Chinese medicine comprises 8-40% of Chinese thorowax root, 8-40% of nutgrass galingale rhizome, 5-30% of white peony root, 3-20% of Szechwan lovage rhizome, 3-20% of submature bitter orange, 3-20% of wenchow turmeric root tuber, 3-20% of sweetflag rhizome, and 1-15% of licorice root. Preferably, the medicine composition comprises 15-30% of Chinese thorowax root, 15-30% nutgrass galingale rhizome, 10-20% of white peony root, 5-15% of Szechwan lovage rhizome, 5-15% of submature bitter orange, 5-15% of wenchow turmeric root tuber, 5-15% of sweetflag rhizome, and 3-10% of licorice root. According to the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine composition, water extraction is adopted or is combined with alcohol precipitation, such that any common oral preparation can be prepared. The medicine composition provided by the invention has the functions of liver soothing, qi regulating, liver calming, qi promoting, heat fire clearing, qi depression relieving, spleen tonifying, and qi benefiting. The medicine composition is suitable to be used in depression treatment. According to both depression animal models and clinical preliminary verification, compared with a Western medicine fluoxetine hydrochloride, the medicine composition provided by the invention has the advantages of good depression treatment effect and low side effect.
This study will be conducted in the HD center at NTUH. Patients undergoing chronic HD for at least 6 months will be evaluated for eligibility. Patients with previous adverse reactions to FX series dialyzer will not be included in this study. Detailed demographic physical characteristics of the participants will be recorded, including age, gender, underlying diseases, blood pressure, intradialytic complications, as well as indices of nutrition, inflammation, and dialysis adequacy. Eligible patients will first undergo a 4-week run-in HD with conventional-flux dialyzer twice weekly plus high-flux dialyzer once weekly (i.e., basic formula), followed by random allocation into two separate groups. Patients in group A will continue HD with the basic formula, while those in group B will receive HD using high-flux membranes thrice weekly. Three months later, all participants will be put back on HD with basic formula for 1 month (wash-out period). Group A patients will then be switched to receive HD with high-flux membranes thrice weekly, and group B patients will be changed to undergo HD with basic formula for another 3 months. Laboratory tests will include monthly biochemistry and hemogram, plus blood and urine specimens taken on 4 occasions before and during the study (baseline, end of the first 3 months, end of wash-out, and end of the second 3 months) to investigate selective markers and indices for nutrition, inflammation, and dialysis adequacy.
The clinical category of immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs) is now recognized after 3 decades of clinical and experimental research. The cerebellum gathers about 60% of neurons in the brain, is enriched in numerous plasticity mechanisms, and presents a large variety of antigens at the neuroglial level: ion channels and related proteins, synaptic adhesion/organizing proteins, transmitter receptors, and glial cells. Cerebellar circuitry is especially vulnerable to immune attacks. After the loss of immune tolerance, IMCAs present in an acute or subacute manner with various combinations of a vestibulocerebellar syndrome (VCS), a cerebellar motor syndrome (CMS), and a cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome/Schmahmann's syndrome (CCAS/SS). IMCAs include gluten ataxia (GA), post-infectious cerebellitis (PIC), Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD), opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS), anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) ataxia, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy (GFAP-A). In addition, multiple sclerosis (MS), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Behçet disease, and collagen-vascular disorders may also present with cerebellar symptoms when lesions involve cerebellar afferences/efferences. Patients whose clinical profiles do not fit with IMCAs are now gathered in the group of primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxias (PACAs). Latent auto-immune cerebellar ataxia (LACA) refers to a clinical stage with a slow progressive course and a lack of obvious auto-immune background. At a pre-symptomatic stage, patients remain asymptomatic, whereas at the prodromal stage aspecific symptoms occur, announcing the symptomatic neuronal loss. LACA corresponds to a time-window where an intervention could lead to preservation of plasticity mechanisms. Patients may evolve from LACA to PACA and typical IMCAs, highlighting a continuum. Immune ataxias represent a model to elucidate the sequence of events leading to destruction of cerebellar neuronal reserve and develop novel strategies aiming to restore plasticity mechanisms.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is now one of the most common noncommunicable diseases and the main causes of morbidity, disability and mortality in the world. In recent years, new approaches to epidemiology, diagnosis, classification (categorization), evaluation of phenotypes, as well as characterization and assessment of the severity of сhronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations have emerged. Modern approaches to starting and subsequent drug therapy have changed significantly. This is largely due to the results of recently conducted major clinical trials, demonstrated high efficacy of triple fixed combinations, including inhaled glucocorticosteroids, long-acting beta-agonists and long-acting anticholinergic drugs. The use of non-medication methods (smoking cessation, physical activity and respiratory rehabilitation) and modern approaches to the treatment of respiratory failure and antibiotic therapy remain important. In terms of their significance, all these updates have a significant impact on real clinical practice and can be considered as a novel paradigm of the approaches to the diagnosis and management of this disease.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the safety and feasibility of the Da Vinci single-port (SP) platform in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (SP-RARP), aiming to provide a viable option for patients with surgical and medical complexities that might otherwise limit their access to common minimally invasive technique.
METHODS: Data from 60 medically and surgically highly complex patients undergoing SP-RARP between December 2018 and December 2023 were analyzed. Variables included patient characteristics, surgical history, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0.
RESULTS: Fifty-three percent of cases had a hostile abdomen (HA) (≥1 major abdominal surgery), and 47% were medically highly complex (American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥3, Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥5, and a body mass index ≥30). The extraperitoneal approach was used in 56% of HA cases and 68% of MHC cases. Intraoperative complications occurred in 12%, exclusively with the transperitoneal approach in HA cases. Postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥3) were 6% and 14%, respectively, with no significant difference between approaches. Same-day discharge was possible in 44% of HA cases and 54% of MHC cases, with significant statistical differences favoring the extraperitoneal approach in both groups.
CONCLUSION: SP-RARP, particularly the extraperitoneal approach, is a viable option for highly complex and challenging cases, providing acceptable oncological and functional outcomes. Prospective studies are crucial for further validating the safety and feasibility of SP-RARP in this patient population.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, the overall survival rate is low. Recently, using anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy for treatment of cancer shows promising in some types of cancer, including melanoma, head and neck squamous cell cancer, and lung cancer etc. Pembrolizumab is a FDA-approved anti-PD-L1 drug for treatment of advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer. In China, it is approved for used in Macau and Hong Kong. Biomarkers associated with predictive response includes PD-L1 high expression, high mutational burden, and T-cell infiltration based on several clinical trial studies in the western countries. However, the response rate is low (around 10-15 %) in patients treated in Macau SAR, China. The investigators hypothesize that immunophenotying, molecular analysis and functional characterization of CD38 expressing cells and/or other immune populations CD38 will help to identify predictive, Progression and resistance markers associated with PDL1 treatment response. The investigators will collect the blood samples of Pembrolizumab response and non-response Chinese lung cancer patients and compare the imumnophenotypic and molecular dynamic changes during treatment courses. The investigators will also examine the role of CD38 and other molecular markers associated with Pembrolizumab response, functional characterize in vitro. The molecular mechanism controlling Pembrolizumab response will be better understood for designing a better treatment strategy.