anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and the second most common cancer in women worldwide, with an estimated 1.9 million new cases and 935,000 deaths in 2020, according to the World Health Organization. Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer typically undergo first-line treatment consisting of fluorouracil-based chemotherapy (oxaliplatin and irinotecan) with or without vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-based therapy (primarily bevacizumab), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapies (in patients with RAS wild-type tumors). Second-line treatment options may include alternative chemotherapy regimens. Third-line treatment options are often limited for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, as they tend to exhibit poor objective response rates and short progression-free survival. However, despite their good performance status, patients often encounter limited options for third-line treatment, resulting in a daunting and frustrating situation.

This study will enroll patients aged ≥18 years who are resistant or intolerant to oxaliplatin and irinotecan-based chemotherapy. The study will evaluate the safety of the Nelmastobart and capecitabine combination therapy in Phase 1b. After identifying the Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D), the study will assess the efficacy of the Nelmastobart and capecitabine combination therapy in Phase 2.
Transcription is a major contributor to genomic instability. The ribosomal RNA (rDNA) gene locus consists of a head-to-tail repeat of the most actively transcribed genes in the genome. RNA polymerase I (RNAPI) is responsible for massive rRNA production, and nascent rRNA is co-transcriptionally assembled with early assembly factors in the yeast nucleolus. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a mutant form of RNAPI bearing a fusion of the transcription factor Rrn3 with RNAPI subunit Rpa43 (CARA-RNAPI) has been described previously. Here, we show that the CARA-RNAPI allele results in a novel type of rRNA processing defect, associated with rDNA genomic instability. A fraction of the 35S rRNA produced in CARA-RNAPI mutant escapes processing steps and accumulates. This accumulation is increased in mutants affecting exonucleolytic activities of the exosome complex. CARA-RNAPI is synthetic lethal with monopolin mutants that are known to affect the rDNA condensation. CARA-RNAPI strongly impacts rDNA organization and increases rDNA copy number variation. Reduced rDNA copy number suppresses lethality, suggesting that the chromosome segregation defect is caused by genomic rDNA instability. We conclude that a constitutive association of Rrn3 with transcribing RNAPI results in the accumulation of rRNAs that escape normal processing, impacting rDNA organization and affecting rDNA stability.
The experiment includes two parts, cognitive and motor parts, which will be conducted over different sessions in different days. Patients will fill in a consent form, and pre questionnaire form in the first session, and a post questionnaire at the end the last session.

EEG activity and eye movements will be recorded using BrainProducts EEG system. At the beginning of each session an EEG cap will be placed on the patient's head and conductive gel will be inserted between the cap and the head.

Session I - cognitive part: The cognitive parts involves the well-known oddball and Eriksen flanker tasks, which are expected to elicit P300 and ERN, respectively. Both tasks will be performed in one session unless the patient will be tired, in which case they will be performed in two sessions (in two different days). In the oddball task patients will be shown a sequence of simple geometrical shapes, including a standard blue circle, a large blue circle and a square. The probability of these shapes will be 80%, 10% and 10%, respectively. Each shape will appear for 100mse every 1500-2000msec. Patients will be asked to press the space-bar (with the unaffected hand) when the large blue circle appears. There will be 3 blocks of 400 shapes each. This task will last one hour with breaks between the blocks. In the Eriksen flanker task patients will be shown a sequence of congruent, non-congruent and neutral stimuli. Each stimulus will include a central pair of arrows, flanked at the top and bottom by two other pairs of either arrows or squares. In congruent and non-congruent stimuli the top and bottom pairs include arrows that are either in the same (congruent) or opposite (non-congruent) direction as the central pair, while in neutral stimuli the top and bottom pairs are squares. Each stimulus will appear for 200msec every 1500-2000msec. Patients will be asked to press the left or right arrow on the keyboard (with the unaffected hand) according to the direction of the arrows in the central pair as fast as possible. There will be 8 blocks of 64 stimuli each and will last 45-60min, including breaks.

Sessions II-V: Patients will sit in front of a computer screen and will play a simple computer game by moving a cursor using a Joystick, and reaching the target on the screen. Each block of reaching movements will be conducted with the same hand, and different blocks will be conducted with the affected or unaffected hands. During reaching movements with the unaffected hand there will be random jumps in the position of the target and/or cursor. The number of reaching movements in each block will be adjusted to the comfort of each patient, but will be limited to 50. A total of 250 reaching movements will be performed with each hand, over 60-120min depending on the number and duration of the breaks. The experiment will be conducted over 1-4 sessions depending on how long the patient will be able to participate in each day.
Subjects will perform between 60 and 90 minutes of progressive resistance training two times a week for two years at a local gym. These sessions will be supervised by a personal trainer two times a week for the first six months of training and then once a week for the remaining 18 months of training.
In the neo-adjuvant treatment phase, patient will receive gemcitabine 1250mg/m2 IV on day 1 and day 8, and cisplatin 75mg/m2 on day 1 of a 3-week schedule for 2 cycles. In the post-surgery phase, Gemcitabine 1250mg/m2 IV on day 1 and day 8, and cisplatin 75mg/m2 on day 1 of a 3-week schedule for 2 cycles or till disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Methylphenidate HCl Extended-Release Capsules CD was evaluated in a double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial in which 321 untreated or previously treated pediatric patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 6 to 15 years of age, received a single morning dose for up to 3 weeks. Patients were required to have the combined or predominantly hyperactive-impulsive subtype of ADHD; patients with the predominantly inattentive subtype were excluded. Patients randomized to the Methylphenidate HCl Extended-Release Capsules CD group received 20 mg daily for the first week. Their dosage could be increased weekly to a maximum of 60 mg by the third week, depending on individual response to treatment.

The patient's regular school teacher completed the teachers' version of the Conners' Global Index Scale (TCGIS), a scale for assessing ADHD symptoms, in the morning and again in the afternoon on three alternate days of each treatment week. The change from baseline of the overall average (i.e., an average of morning and afternoon scores over 3 days) of the total TCGIS scores during the last week of treatment was analyzed as the primary efficacy parameter. Patients treated with Methylphenidate HCl Extended-Release Capsules CD showed a statistically significant improvement in symptom scores from baseline over patients who received placebo. (See Figure 2.) Separate analyses of TCGIS scores in the morning and afternoon revealed superiority in improvement with Methylphenidate HCl Extended-Release Capsules CD over placebo during both time periods. (See Figure 3.) This demonstrates that a single morning dose of Methylphenidate HCl Extended-Release Capsules CD exerts a treatment effect in both the morning and the afternoon.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a steady decline in kidney function and affects roughly 10% of the world's population. This review focuses on the critical function of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in CKD, specifically how it influences both protective and pathogenic processes in the kidney. cAMP, a critical secondary messenger, controls a variety of cellular functions, including transcription, metabolism, mitochondrial homeostasis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Its compartmentalization inside cellular microdomains ensures accurate signaling. In kidney physiology, cAMP is required for hormone-regulated activities, particularly in the collecting duct, where it promotes water reabsorption through vasopressin signaling. Several illnesses, including Fabry disease, renal cell carcinoma, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Bartter syndrome, Liddle syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and renal tubular acidosis, have been linked to dysfunction in the cAMP system. Both cAMP analogs and phosphodiesterase inhibitors have the potential to improve kidney function and reduce kidney damage. Future research should focus on developing targeted PDE inhibitors for the treatment of CKD.
PB biopsy (PBB) will be performed between 9 and 12 hours after ICSI using laser or the mechanical procedure. PB1 and PB2 will be removed simultaneously (both at the same time) and transferred to different tubes for the chromosomal analysis.
This is a therapy response-adapted, two-phase, randomized and controlled study. Initially, the study participants will be randomized to two treatment arms (Stage I: 4 weeks TBS vs. SSRI). After completion of Stage I, the allocation to Stage II (4 weeks) occurs therapy response-adapted. The type of further treatment depends on whether a remission, a treatment response or non-response has occurred in Stage I. If remission has been achieved, the treatment form already applied is continued as maintenance therapy. In the case of non-response, a switch to the other treatment arm takes place. For patients who show a treatment response but have not achieved remission, the corresponding patient preference is given special consideration for Stage II and thus determines the type of further treatment. Depending on patient preference, it is therefore possible both to continue treatment from Stage I and to switch to the other treatment arm.

The study aims to answer the question of whether a 4-week bilateral TBS is not inferior to standard antidepressant treatment with an SSRI in drug-naïve patients with MD in terms of efficacy and tolerability.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus and a method for regulating a substance, which flexibly regulates the physical property or state of a substance.  <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus for regulating a substance, which regulates the physical property or state of a substance, includes a terahertz wave generating means 40, a guided wave means 50 and a mechanical stimulus impression means 60. The guided wave means 50 guides a terahertz wave outputted from the terahertz wave generating means 40 and irradiates a substance 10 with the terahertz wave. The mechanical stimulus impression means 60 impresses a mechanical energy on the substance 10. The apparatus for regulating a substance may have a detection means 70 for detecting a terahertz wave from a substance, a database part 80 possessing substance data and a comparison means 90 for comparing substance data obtained from the detection means with data of the database part and determining the physical property or state of a substance. The apparatus for regulating a substance may have a control means 100 that controls at least one of the terahertz wave generating means and the mechanical stimulus impression means based on an output signal from the comparison means so as to regulate an energy impression state to a substance.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Introduction: Obesity is associated with a worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Veno-venous (V-V) Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) can be a rescue option, however, the direct impact of morbid obesity in this select group of patients remains unclear.Methods: This is an observational study of critically ill adults with COVID-19 and ARDS supported by V-V ECMO. Data are from 82 institutions participating in the COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium international registry. Patients were admitted between 12 January 2020 to 27 April 2021. They were stratified based on Body Mass Index (BMI) at 40 kg/m2. The endpoint was survival to hospital discharge.Results: Complete data available on 354 of 401 patients supported on V-V ECMO. The characteristics of the high BMI (>40 kg/m2) and lower BMI (≤40 kg/m2) groups were statistically similar. However, the 'high BMI' group were comparatively younger and had a lower APACHE II score. Using survival analysis, older age (Hazard Ratio, HR 1.49 per-10-years, CI 1.25-1.79) and higher BMI (HR 1.15 per-5 kg/m2 increase, CI 1.03-1.28) were associated with a decreased patient survival. A safe BMI threshold above which V-V ECMO would be prohibitive was not apparent and instead, the risk of an adverse outcome increased linearly with BMI.Conclusion: In COVID-19 patients with severe ARDS who require V-V ECMO, there is an increased risk of death associated with age and BMI. The risk is linear and there is no BMI threshold beyond which the risk for death greatly increases.
Patients will receive Montmorillonite Powder and racecadotril granules as usual care according to different age or weight. Intravenous infusion, Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS), Zn,and antibiotics will be used if the pediatrician in charge considers necessary. Patients will receive Chinese pediatric massage once per day and for three days continuously. A cloak which can cover the child's hands and upper body will be required to put on, all the manipulations will be done under the cloak. Six acupoints will be adopted,i.e. Neibagua, Dachang,Xiaochang, Banmen, Fu, Tuishang Qijiegu. Each visit, children who are under 2 years old will receive manipulations on Neibagua for 500 times, 300 times for the other 5 acupoints each; if they are from 2-3 years old, the manipulations on Neibagua will be 700 times and 500 times for the other 5 acupoints respectively; while the manipulations on Neibagua will be 1000 times, and 800 times for the other 5 acupoints if the children are from 4-6 years old.
The transition from paraquat (PQ) to diquat (DQ), both organic dication herbicides, in China has led to significant increases in the number of acute DQ poisoning cases. Case studies have shown that acute DQ poisoning resulted in injury to the central nervous system (CNS), but the mechanism underlying the injury remains to be explored. The present study aimed to investigate how DQ influenced purinergic signaling between astrocytes and microglia and whether extracellular ATP (eATP) was involved in promoting neuroinflammation induced by acute DQ toxicity through the activation of the P2X4/NLRP3 signaling pathway. We constructed a rat model of acute DQ toxicity to observe the pathological changes in hippocampal tissues after DQ exposure and measure the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the hippocampal tissue. We also established an in vitro co-culture model of C6 astrocytes and BV-2 microglia using transwell chambers, measured the amount of eATP secreted into C6 astrocytes after DQ treatment, and assessed the inflammatory response and changes in the P2X4/NLRP3 signaling pathway in BV-2 microglia. The results showed that the neurons in the hippocampal tissue of rats exhibited loose arrangement, nuclear consolidation, and necrosis after DQ exposure, and IL-1β and TNF-α levels were signification higher in the hippocampal tissue after DQ exposure. DQ exposure to the co-cultured cells induced an increase in ATP secretion from C6 astrocytes as well as a significant increase of P2X4, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 expression in BV-2 microglia. In contrast, pretreatment of C6 astrocytes with apyrase (an ATP hydrolase) resulted in a significant decrease of P2X4, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 expression in BV-2 microglia. Furthermore, inhibition of P2X4 expression in BV-2 microglia by transfection with si-P2X4 effectively reversed the increase of NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 in BV-2 microglia induced by DQ when co-cultured with C6 astrocytes. These results indicate that astrocytes can activate the P2X4/NLRP3 signaling pathway in microglia through the DQ-induced extracellular release of ATP to promote neuroinflammation in rat hippocampal tissue.
According to the selection criteria, 700 cases were selected as the normal pregnant population to establish a self-sequential longitudinal reference range. The aim of this study to monitor the change of thyroid function and antibody during the course of pregnancy in those who suffer from various thyroid disorders and normal control.
Participants who were either: 1) Receiving episodic bypassing agents prior to study entry but were unable to enroll in Arms A or B; or 2) Receiving bypassing agent prophylaxis prior to study entry but were unable to enroll in Arm C, were enrolled in Arm D to receive emicizumab prophylaxis. Emicizumab was administered at a loading dose of 3 mg/kg QW SC for the first 4 weeks followed by a maintenance dose of 1.5 mg/kg emicizumab QW SC up to the end of study. Participants continued to receive bypassing agent therapy to treat any breakthrough bleeds.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a plant extract of high safety which has antifreeze activity and antibacterial activity.  <P>SOLUTION: The extract containing antibacterial and antifreeze protein is obtained by extracting the leaf of the vegetation of a genus Wasabia japonica in which the cryopreservation is performed. Antifreezing agents, ice crystal controlling agents, and antimicrobials which contain the extract are provided. The quality degradation prevention methods of foods using the agents are provided. Foods containing the agents are provided.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
After an initial assessment, the experimental group will receive 6 weekly sessions (2 hours long) of group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety (n=6 per group) for perinatal anxiety. They will then be re-assessed at post-treatment and 3 months post-treatment to determine the effectiveness of the treatment and whether these effects are maintained 3 months after treatment.
ABSTRACT The invention provides a novel approach to increase immunoglobulin expression in non-human transgenic animals. For instance, the invention provides a method to increase humanized immunoglobulin production in animals genetically engineered to express one or several human or humanized immunoglobulin transloci. This can be done by overexpressing the apoptosis inhibitor, i.e. a rabbit bcl-2, whose expression is driven by a B-cell specific promoter specifically in the B-cell of the animal, thereby enhancing the survival of B-cells. This invention further relates to a method for 'selectively enhancing the survival of exogenous B-cells, that is B-cells expressing any immunoglobulin transgene locus, over the survival of endogenous B-cells that do not express the transgene locus. Selectivity is achieved by expressing the apoptosis-inhibitor only within exogenous B-cells, that is, by coupling exogenous immunoglobulin expression with apoptosis inhibitor expression. This latter method allows for increased expression and production of the transgene encoded product(s) over the endogenously produced immunoglobulin of the transgenic animal. The invention also provides a novel apoptosis-inhibitor, rabbit bcl-2.
TYGACIL (tigecycline) is a tetracycline class antibacterial for intravenous infusion. The chemical name of tigecycline is (4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-9-[2-(tert-butylamino)acetamido]-4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide. The empirical formula is C29H39N5O8 and the molecular weight is 585.65.

The following represents the chemical structure of tigecycline:

TYGACIL is an orange lyophilized powder or cake. Each TYGACIL single-dose 10 mL vial contains 50 mg tigecycline lyophilized powder for reconstitution for intravenous infusion and 100 mg of lactose monohydrate. The pH is adjusted with hydrochloric acid, and if necessary sodium hydroxide. The product does not contain preservatives.
Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a severe wasting syndrome, marked by involuntary weight loss and muscle wasting. It is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, and is driven by systemic, chronic low-grade inflammation. Key cytokines, such as IL-6 and GDF15, activate catabolic pathways in many organs. This study examined the role of inflammation and metabolic disruption in the liver during CAC, focusing on its dual role as both a target and a source of inflammatory factors. The analysis covered protein and lipid metabolism disturbances, including the hepatic production of acute-phase proteins and insulin resistance. Hepatic inflammation contributes to systemic dysfunction in CAC. The increased production of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) impacts muscle wasting, while liver inflammation leads to insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, aggravating the cachectic state. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of liver metabolism in CAC is essential for developing effective therapies. Potential interventions include anti-inflammatory treatments, anabolic strategies, and restoration of lipid metabolism. Further research is necessary to explore the liver's full contribution to CAC and its systemic effects, allowing to the development of liver-targeted therapeutic strategies.
This is an open-label pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of Sutent® in individuals with NF1 who have clinically significant plexiform tumors. A secondary goal of this study will be to seek to improve on current and novel tools to evaluate tumor response of plexiform tumors. The rationale for this study arises from the response of human and murine NF1 cells to Sutent® in vitro and the clinical response of individuals with NF1 using a similar drug,Gleevec®. Following enrollment adult subjects will start receiving Sutent® by month at 25mg once a day for 28 days. Subjects will then have 14 days without taking any Sutent®. If tolerated the dose will be increased to 37.5mg and 50mg with the same regimen (28 days of taking medication followed by 14 without). Children will be started on a dose of 10mg/m2/day once a day for 28 days. They will then have 14 days without taking any Sutent®. If tolerated the dose will be increased to 15mg/m2/day.