anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Systems and methods for cardiac radioablation treatment and planning are disclosed. In some examples, a computing device receives a first image of a patient that was captured for treatment planning. The computing device also receives target definition data characterizing a target area of the patient for treatment. Further, the computing device receives a second image of the patient captured on the day of, and prior to, treatment. The computing device determines whether there is a risk to an organ of the patient based on the first image, the target definition data, and the second image. The computing device also provides for display an indication of risk to the patient based on the determination. For example, the indication of risk can include a treatment target region and an organ at risk region superimposed over the second image. In some examples, the indication of risk includes expected dosage levels.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image processing method and an image processing program, capable of changing over display/non-display of objects with excellent operability when displaying a medical image configured of the plurality of objects each having at least a display attribute of the display or the non-display.  <P>SOLUTION: When pressing an Alt key, a normal mode is switched to a display changeover mode, and all pieces of comment display are displayed. At that time, the display attribute is originally set not to be displayed, and the non-displayed comment display is translucently displayed. That is, a device name 11, a color bar 12 and a patient name 14 not displayed in a normal mode are translucently displayed. Thus, the mode can be switched to the display changeover mode wherein all the objects are displayed by pressing the Alt key, the comment display having the display attribute to be changed can be rapidly designated, and medical diagnosis by use of the image can be smoothly performed.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies of the urogenital system. This study assessed the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain and leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) in BC as well as the effects of cryptotanshinone on changes in BC malignant behaviors and NLRP3 expression under a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory microenvironment.
METHODS: BC tissue specimens from 62 patients were collected for immunohistochemical detection of NLRP3 protein. BC and normal urothelial cell lines were cultured for the detection of NLRP3 mRNA and protein. Then, BC cells were pretreated with LPS to mimic the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Next, these cells were incubated with a low or high dose of cryptotanshinone to assess its effects on tumor cell malignant behaviors as well as transfected with NLRP3 cDNA to confirm the role of NLRP3 in BC cells in vitro.
RESULTS: High NLRP3 expression was associated with larger tumor diameters (>2 cm), muscle invasion, and metastasis. The levels of NLRP3 mRNA and protein were greater in BC cells than in normal urothelial cells. LPS pretreatment significantly promoted NLRP3 and inflammatory cytokine expression in BC cells, and induced cell viability, migration, and invasion. However, cryptotanshinone was able to reduce the LPS-induced increase of NLRP3 and inflammatory cytokine expression as well as the BC cell malignant progression. NLRP3 overexpression using NLRP3 cDNA further promoted BC cell malignant progression after LPS stimulation and reversed cryptotanshinone-reduced LPS-induced BC cell malignant behaviors.
CONCLUSION: NLRP3 might possess oncogenic activity in BC, and the antitumor activity of cryptotanshinone in BC in vitro might be related to its inhibition of NLRP3 expression.
Single oral doses of mesalamine up to 5 g/kg in pigs or a single intravenous dose of mesalamine at 920 mg/kg in rats were not lethal.

There is no clinical experience with PENTASA overdosage. PENTASA is an aminosalicylate, and symptoms of salicylate toxicity may be possible, such as: tinnitus, vertigo, headache, confusion, drowsiness, sweating, hyperventilation, vomiting, and diarrhea. Severe intoxication with salicylates can lead to disruption of electrolyte balance and blood-pH, hyperthermia, and dehydration.

Treatment of Overdosage. Since PENTASA is an aminosalicylate, conventional therapy for salicylate toxicity may be beneficial in the event of acute overdosage. This includes prevention of further gastrointestinal tract absorption by emesis and, if necessary, by gastric lavage. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance should be corrected by the administration of appropriate intravenous therapy. Adequate renal function should be maintained.
PURPOSE: To obtain the medicine composition containing an octane derivative and exhibiting a microtubule collection-promoting action, a cell multiplication- inhibiting action, an antitumor action, etc. CONSTITUTION: A microtubule collection-promoting agent contains a 3,7-dioxa-1- azabicyclo[3,3,0]octane derivative of the formula (A, B are a five or six- membered homogeneous or heterogeneous ring; X is O, S; R is OH, a group capable of being converted into the OH in the body) or its salt. In addition, conventional components are suitably compounded and subsequently prepared into parenteral preparations, suppositories or oral administration preparations. The microtubule collection-promoting medicine is administered at a daily dose of 1-40mg, preferably 2-30mg, as the compound of the formula or its salt for an adult (body weight: 50kg) once to three times a day. The medicine is further administered at a daily dose of 0.5-50mg/kg/d as an injection.  The compound of the formula has an excellent action enabling to be used instead of taxol, and further exhibits low toxicity and a tumor-metastasis-inhibiting action or an antitumor action also effective for carcinoma obtained multiple resistance.
In arterial hypertension (AH), a significant proportion of patients, despite the optimal medical therapy, do not achieve adequate blood pressure (BP) control (resistant hypertension). Renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) is a novel alternative minimally invasive therapeutic option for patients with resistant AH. Recent data has shown that RDN with or without pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) may also have a positive impact on the management of patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there is no randomized study, to date, suggesting that RDN itself (without PVI) reduces the AF recurrences, symptoms, and the total burden of the arrhythmia. The purpose of this study \[Effect of Renal Denervation on Atrial Fibrillation (ERDAF)\] is to evaluate the RDN (without PVI) in patients with resistant AH and symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF in order to show if there is benefit in the incidence of AF recurrences, the total AF burden (symptomatic and asymptomatic) as well as the BP control. This is a single-center, randomized study in which thirty (30) patients with resistant AH and symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF will be randomized (1:1) after sinus rhythm restoration and implantation of an implantable loop recorder (ILR), in either RDN (n=15) or conventional treatment of resistant AH with optimal drug therapy (n=15). Patients will be followed-up every three months and for a period of 18 months after the implantation of the ILR. The first three months after RDN will be excluded from our final analysis (blanking period). The primary endpoint will be the change in the total AF burden (Total time in AF during the follow-up period). Secondary endpoints will include the change in the symptomatic and asymptomatic burden of AF, the time to detect the first AF recurrence (symptomatic and/or asymptomatic)-early recurrence of AF after RDN, and the change in BP during the follow-up period.
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: This study investigated pessary self-management (PSM). The primary outcome was how often PSM was taught to patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Secondary outcomes were associations of PSM with treatment continuation, side effects, changing to surgery, and number of doctor consultations in the first year after treatment initiation compared with clinical management (CM).
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 300 patients visiting three Dutch medical centres in 2019, and receiving a pessary for POP. The t test, Chi-squared test and logistic regression were performed to compare PSM with CM and to identify factors associated with treatment continuation.
RESULTS: A total of 35% of patients received PSM instructions, of which 92% were able to perform PSM successfully. Treatment was continued by 83% of patients practicing PSM and 75% of patients having CM (p = 0.16), side effects occurred in 26% and 39% respectively (p = 0.18). Pain or discomfort was associated with treatment discontinuation (p < 0.01). In a subgroup analysis of patients who had a pessary suitable for PSM, treatment continuation was significantly higher in the PSM group (97%) than in the CM group (74%; p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Pessary self-management was only taught to 35% of patients who received a pessary, although the ability to perform PSM was high (92%). Treatment discontinuation was significantly lower in the PSM subgroup, when assessing the subgroup of patients using a pessary suitable for PSM. The large number of patients using a pessary suitable for PSM in the CM group implies that there is a lot to gain by promoting PSM.
Currently, individuals with diabetes must use an invasive finger stick methodology for the determination of their blood glucose levels. Although current technology glucose meters use a smaller amount of blood than older generation meters, the pain and inconvenience associated with this invasive measurement is the number one reason cited for inadequate or infrequent blood glucose monitoring. In fact up to 67% of patients with diabetes fail to routinely monitor their blood glucose levels. A survey of 1895 patients showed that finger soreness was the most common reason given for self-reported noncompliance with testing recommendations, followed by pain, inconvenience, fear of needles, and "other" (including cost), (Diabetes Care August 2001 vol. 24 no. 8 1502-1503). The ability to make a painless blood glucose measurement using only light would address the pain and inconvenience issues associated with current technology glucose meters.

The initial application of the technology is associated with the monitoring of Gestational Diabetes. The International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) recently released recommendations for diagnosing gestational diabetes, as well as clarifying the benefits of treatment (Diabetes Care, 2010;33:676-682). The IADPSG cited research that found significant graded relationships between increasing maternal glucose levels and the frequency of four primary and five secondary outcomes. For example, with a 1-standard deviation increase in maternal fasting, 1-hour, and 2-hour plasma glucose levels, there was a corresponding 38%, 46%, and 38% increased risk, respectively, in the primary outcome of birth weight \>90th percentile, and a 5%, 18%, and 16% increased risk, respectively, of the secondary outcome of premature delivery before 37 weeks gestation (N Engl J Med 2008;358:1991-2002).
Atorvastatin 40 mg orally once daily for 28 days during lead in period. Atorvastatin 40 mg with placebo for blinding orally once daily for 90 days. Open label extension (atorvastatin 40 mg plus evacetrapib 130 mg) is available for compliant participants.
One in seven adults are diagnosed with acute sinus infections (also known as rhinosinusitis or ARS) every year in the United States, for an annual total of 30 million office visits. Most acute sinus infections seen in outpatient setting are caused by viral infection, but antibiotics are prescribed in over 70% of these visits. The overarching goal is to improve outcomes for patients with ARS by understanding which subgroups are most likely to benefit from antibiotics, supportive care, watchful waiting, intranasal corticosteroids (INCS), or a combination of treatments. To assess the comparative effectiveness of the treatments, a large, pragmatic, randomized controlled trial, will be conducted in practice-based research networks within six geographical areas. Enrolled adults ages 18-75 years presenting to a clinician with symptoms consistent with ARS for less than 10 days will begin with a pre-randomization period with options for supportive care. Patients who reached more than 9 days of symptoms at the time of enrollment or during the waiting period will be randomly assigned to one of the four treatment arms.
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has been extensively studied for its impact on mortality, particularly in older age groups. However, the pandemic effects on stillbirths and mortality rates in neonates, infants, children and youth remain poorly understood. This study comprehensively analyses the pandemic influence on young mortality and stillbirths across 112 countries and territories in 2020 and 104 in 2021.
METHODS: Using data from civil registers and vital statistics systems (CRVS) and the Health Management Information System (HMIS), we estimate expected mortality levels in a non-pandemic setting and relative mortality changes (p-scores) through generalized linear models. The analysis focuses on the distribution of country-specific mortality changes and the proportion of countries experiencing deficits, no changes and excess mortality in each age group.
RESULTS: Results show that stillbirths and under-25 mortality were as expected in most countries during 2020 and 2021. However, among countries with changes, more experienced deficits than excess mortality, except for stillbirths, neonates and those aged 10-24 in 2021, where, despite the predominance of no changes, excess mortality prevailed. Notably, a fifth of examined countries saw increases in stillbirths and a quarter in young adult mortality (20-24) in 2021. Our findings are highly consistent between females and males and similar across income levels.
CONCLUSION: Despite global disruptions to essential services, stillbirths and youth mortality were as expected in most observed countries, challenging initial hypotheses. However, the study suggests the possibility of delayed adverse effects that require more time to manifest at the population level. Understanding the lasting impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic requires ongoing, long-term monitoring of health and deaths among children and youth, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries.
Pregnancy Category X [see CONTRAINDICATIONS ( 4 )]. 

Simvastatin is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. Lipid lowering drugs offer no benefit during pregnancy, because cholesterol and cholesterol derivatives are needed for normal fetal development. Atherosclerosis is a chronic process, and discontinuation of lipid-lowering drugs during pregnancy should have little impact on long-term outcomes of primary hypercholesterolemia therapy. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of use with simvastatin during pregnancy; however, there are rare reports of congenital anomalies in infants exposed to statins in utero. Animal reproduction studies of simvastatin in rats and rabbits showed no evidence of teratogenicity. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides increase during normal pregnancy, and cholesterol or cholesterol derivatives are essential for fetal development. Because statins decrease cholesterol synthesis and possibly the synthesis of other biologically active substances derived from cholesterol, simvastatin may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. If simvastatin is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. 

There are rare reports of congenital anomalies following intrauterine exposure to statins. In a review2 of approximately 100 prospectively followed pregnancies in women exposed to simvastatin or another structurally related statin, the incidences of congenital anomalies, spontaneous abortions, and fetal deaths/stillbirths did not exceed those expected in the general population. However, the study was only able to exclude a 3- to 4-fold increased risk of congenital anomalies over the background rate. In 89% of these cases, drug treatment was initiated prior to pregnancy and was discontinued during the first trimester when pregnancy was identified. 

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2 Manson, J.M., Freyssinges, C., Ducrocq, M.B., Stephenson, W.P., Postmarketing Surveillance of Lovastatin and Simvastatin Exposure During Pregnancy, Reproductive Toxicology, 10(6):439-446, 1996.

Simvastatin was not teratogenic in rats or rabbits at doses (25, 10 mg/kg/day, respectively) that resulted in 3 times the human exposure based on mg/m2 surface area. However, in studies with another structurally-related statin, skeletal malformations were observed in rats and mice. 

Women of childbearing potential, who require treatment with simvastatin for a lipid disorder, should be advised to use effective contraception. For women trying to conceive, discontinuation of simvastatin should be considered. If pregnancy occurs, simvastatin should be immediately discontinued.
Combined antiretroviral therapy(cART) consisting of three regimens such as efavirenz, tenofovir and lamivudine is an effective measure for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.Efavirenz 600mg daily was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1998. In this single-arm research, patients were treated with a reduced 400mg dose of efavirenz combined with tenofovir 300mg and lamivudine 300mg once a day. This treatment had to be maintained indefinitely due to the existence of HIV reservoir.
Breakthrough bleeding, spotting, and amenorrhea are frequent reasons for patients discontinuing oral contraceptives. In breakthrough bleeding, as in all cases of irregular bleeding from the vagina, nonfunctional causes should be borne in mind. In undiagnosed persistent or recurrent abnormal bleeding from the vagina, adequate diagnostic measures are indicated to rule out pregnancy or malignancy. If pathology has been excluded, time or a change to another formulation may solve the problem. Changing to an oral contraceptive with a higher estrogen content, while potentially useful in minimizing menstrual irregularity, should be done only if necessary since this may increase the risk of thromboembolic disease.

Use of oral contraceptives in the event of a missed menstrual period:

  1. If the patient has not adhered to the prescribed schedule, the possibility of pregnancy should be considered at the time of the first missed period and oral contraceptive use should be discontinued until pregnancy is ruled out.
  2. If the patient has adhered to the prescribed regimen and misses two consecutive periods, pregnancy should be ruled out before continuing oral contraceptive use.



Acne

The timing of initiation of dosing with Tri-Sprintec for acne should follow the guidelines for use of Tri-Sprintec as an oral contraceptive. Consult the DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION section for oral contraceptives. The dosage regimen for Tri-Sprintec for treatment of facial acne, as available in the Blister Pack Tablet Dispenser, utilizes a 21-day active and a 7-day placebo schedule. Take one active tablet daily for 21 days followed by one white tablet for 7 days. After 28 tablets have been taken, a new course is started the next day.
For four months, posture control exercises will be taught twice a week for 30 minutes each time. Under the age of 3 months, infants were required to shift their chin as far to the affected side and upward in the supine or dominant prone posture before they could regulate their neck. Instead of passively adjusting the newborns' heads, we waited for them to actively turn toward their midline.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique uniformly dispersing a cationized polymer such as polyquaternium 37 which is liable to produce an aqueous component and pill ball into an aqueous carrier.  <P>SOLUTION: (1) Polyquaternium 37 and (2) dipropylene glycol are included in a cosmetic, preferably the cosmetic for hair, further preferably the cosmetic for hair fixing. The content of the polyquaternium 37 is preferably 0.05-1 pt. wt. and the content of the dipropylene glycol is preferably the same as that of the polyquaternium 37 or 40 times larger than that of the polyquaternium 37. In the cosmetic, the polyquaternium 37 is extremely favorably dispersed.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
PRP eye drops and PPP eye drops will be prepared from patient's own blood by Magellan technology. Patients will receive eye drops in sterile amber glass droppers. Patients will be instructed to keep refrigerated each bottle after opening for 7 days and keep frozen the unopened bottles up to 30 days.
This will be a 16-week, double blind, placebo controlled randomized trial of aripiprazole added to an existing stabilized regimen of antipsychotics (either risperidone or paliperidone oral or long acting injectable formulations) for treatment of elevated symptomatic prolactin levels. Aripiprazole dosing will begin at 5 mg/day once daily and increased to 10mg by mouth once daily at the end of week 2 and then increased to 15 mg/day once daily at the end of week 8 in women who have not yet regained their menstrual period. If a woman gets her menstrual period on the 5 or 10 mg dose she will remain on this dose for the study. Women will remain on their current stabilized medication regimen during the course of the adjunctive trial of aripiprazole or placebo. Subjects will be able to receive anticholinergic medications as needed (e.g., benztropine and diphenhydramine) for extrapyramidal side effects, propranolol for akathisia, and benzodiazepines (e.g.,lorazepam) for agitation or anxiety.

Participants will be assigned to either get aripiprazole or placebo (a sugar pill), this will be decided randomly with a 50-50 chance of receiving one or the other medication. The placebo will be sucrose filled capsules that are identical to the active medication. It is double blind so no one will know if the capsule is placebo or aripiprazole. The dosing will be the exact same, one capsule taken daily until week 8. At this time 2 capsules will be given if the participant dose not regains their menstrual period.