anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Dosing regimens for most chronically used drugs are designed to provide plasma concentrations that are continuously greater than a minimally effective concentration. This strategy is inappropriate for organic nitrates. Several well-controlled clinical trials have used exercise testing to assess the antianginal efficacy of continuously delivered nitrates. In the large majority of these trials, active agents were indistinguishable from placebo after 24 hours (or less) of continuous therapy. Attempts to overcome tolerance by dose escalation, even to doses far in excess of those used acutely, have consistently failed. Only after nitrates have been absent from the body for several hours has their antianginal efficacy been restored. Isosorbide mononitrate extended-release tablets, during long-term use over 42 days dosed at 120 mg once daily, continued to improve exercise performance at 4 hours and at 12 hours after dosing but its effects (although better than placebo) are less than or at best equal to the effects of the first dose of   
60 mg.
Musculoskeletal alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are less common than liver-related complications. However, they can significantly impact the quality of life and overall prognosis of patients with HCC. The main obstacle in the clinical assessment of HCC-induced musculoskeletal alterations is related to effective and timely diagnosis because these complications are often asymptomatic and unapparent during routine clinical evaluations. This narrative literature review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the contemporary literature related to the changes in the musculoskeletal system in patients with HCC, focusing on its clinical implications and underlying etiopathogenetic mechanisms. Osteolytic bone metastases are the most common skeletal alterations associated with HCC, which could be associated with an increased risk of low-trauma bone fracture. Moreover, previous studies reported that osteopenia, sarcopenia, and myosteatosis are associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with HCC. Even though low bone mineral density and sarcopenia are consistently reported as reliable predictors of pretransplantation and post-transplantation mortality in HCC patients, these complications are frequently overlooked in the clinical management of patients with HCC. Taken together, contemporary literature suggests that a multidisciplinary approach is essential for early recognition and clinical management of HCC-associated musculoskeletal alterations to improve patient prognosis. Further research into the mechanisms and treatment options for musculoskeletal complications is warranted to enhance our understanding and clinical management of this aspect of HCC.
Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the most common chronic diseases in the population. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in adults is predominantly characterized by a type 2 inflammatory endotype. If sufficient control cannot be achieved through primary drug therapy, surgical intervention is usually recommended as the next stage of treatment. Nowadays, various biologics are available that have been or will be approved for use in these patients. This review summarizes the presentations from the 29th Congress of the European Rhinologic Society in Sofia 2023 and the latest findings on decision-making in the treatment of CRSwNP. Standard therapy with medication and sinus surgery fails in some patients with CRSwNP. Biologics that act on the type 2 inflammatory pathway led to a reduction in the nasal polyp score (NPS), an improvement in nasal obstruction, and an improvement in quality of life without significant side effects. Biomarkers such as total IgE, serum eosinophils, and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) can provide indications of the success of the treatment. In summary, it can be said that for many patients with recurrent CRSwNP, a combination of paranasal sinus surgery and treatment with a biologic that is precisely tailored to the patient's endotype is the best option. However, the question of which surgical approach and which biologic at which time and for which patient is still ongoing and requires further studies.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function and affects ~13.4% of the global population. Progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis, driven in part by proximal tubule (PT) damage, is a hallmark of late stages of CKD and contributes to the development of kidney failure, for which there are limited treatment options. Normal kidney development requires signaling by vitamin A (retinol), which is metabolized to retinoic acid (RA), an endogenous agonist for the RA receptors (RARα, β, γ). RARα levels are decreased in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy and restored with RA administration; additionally, RA treatment reduced fibrosis. We developed a mouse model in which a spatiotemporal (tamoxifen-inducible) deletion of RARα in kidney PT cells of adult mice causes mitochondrial dysfunction, massive PT injury, and apoptosis without the use of additional nephrotoxic substances. Long-term effects (3 to 4.5 mo) of RARα deletion include increased PT secretion of transforming growth factor β1, inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, and decreased kidney function, all of which are major features of human CKD. Therefore, RARα's actions in PTs are crucial for PT homeostasis, and loss of RARα causes injury and a key CKD phenotype.
MiRNA (microRNA)-disease association prediction has essential applications for early disease screening. The process of traditional biological experimental validation is both time-consuming and expensive. However, as artificial intelligence technology continues to advance, computational methods have become efficient tools for predicting miRNA-disease associations. These methods often rely on the combination of multiple sources of association data and require improved feature mining. This study proposes a dynamic graph attention-based association prediction model, DGAMDA, which combines feature mapping and dynamic graph attention mechanisms through feature mining on a single miRNA-disease association network. DGAMDA effectively solves the problems of feature heterogeneity and inadequate feature mining by previous static graph attention mechanisms and achieves high-precision feature mining and association scoring prediction. We conducted a five-fold cross-validation experiment and obtained the mean values of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-score, which were .8986, .8869, .9115, and .8984, respectively. Our proposed model outperforms other advanced models in terms of experimental results, demonstrating its effectiveness in feature mining and association prediction based on a single association network. In addition, our model can also be used to predict miRNAs associated with unknown diseases.
The risks of using SEROQUEL in combination with other drugs have not been extensively evaluated in systematic studies. Given the primary CNS effects of SEROQUEL, caution should be used when it is taken in combination with other centrally acting drugs. SEROQUEL potentiated the cognitive and motor effects of alcohol in a clinical trial in subjects with selected psychotic disorders, and alcoholic beverages should be avoided while taking SEROQUEL. 

Because of its potential for inducing hypotension, SEROQUEL may enhance the effects of certain antihypertensive agents. 

SEROQUEL may antagonize the effects of levodopa and dopamine agonists.

Caution should be exercised when quetiapine is used concomitantly with drugs known to cause electrolyte imbalance or to increase QT interval [see Warnings and Precautions (5.21)].

There have been literature reports suggesting false positive results in urine enzyme immunoassays for methadone and tricyclic antidepressants in patients who have taken quetiapine. Caution should be exercised in the interpretation of positive urine drug screen results for these drugs, and confirmation by alternative analytical technique (e.g. chromatographic methods) should be considered.
Throat packing is essential in oral and maxillofacial surgeries to prevent blood and tissue debris aspiration, reducing postoperative complications. Traditional oral route methods are often inadequate, especially in severe trismus cases like Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF), TMJ Ankylosis, and post-traumatic conditions due to limited mouth opening. This study introduces a novel technique using a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) for throat packing. The method involves inserting a hemostatic dressing through an NPA, ensuring minimal invasiveness and effective airway management. Proper positioning is confirmed with a laryngoscope or fiberoptic scope, and the dressing is secured to prevent dislodgement. This technique is easy, reproducible, and less injurious compared to traditional methods. At our center, throat packing via NPA was performed on 35 patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia, resulting in high satisfaction and no reported complications.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject cosmetic having excellent hair dressing power and a slight feeling of greasiness and providing hair with smoothness and excellent combing properties by separately dispersing wax fine particles containing a wax solid or semisolid at a normal temperature and a polyether compound obtained by subjecting propylene oxide to addition polymerization to a mother nucleus of polyhydric alcohol into water. SOLUTION: This hair cosmetic comprises an emulsion composition prepared by formulating (A) a wax fine dispersion containing (i) a wax (e.g. beeswax or the like) solid or semisolid at a normal temperature and (ii) a nonionic surfactant (e.g. POE monooleate or the like) having preferably 6-15 HLB and (B) a polyether compound obtained by subjecting propylene oxide and/or ethylene oxide to addition polymerization to a mother nucleus of polyhydric alcohol (e.g. pentaerythritol or the like). In the cosmetic, preferably the formulated amount of the polyether compound is 1-30 wt.% and the formulation ratio of the wax/the polyether compound by weight is 0.2-10.
Amides of rifamycin B are prepared by reacting rifamycin B with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine in the presence of a dehydrating agent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran. Examples relate to the production of a large number of amides including those formed by reacting rifamycin B with ethylamine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, aniline and 6-aminopenicillanic acid.  Specification 877,732 is referred to.ALSO:Pharmaceutical preparations comprise an amide of rifamycin B (see Division C2) which may be in aqueous medium for intramuscular injection or in tablet form for oral administration.  Examples describe compositions containing rifamycin B diethylamide which may be replaced by any of a large number of amides referred to in the Specification. Intramuscular preparations may also contain ascorbic acid and lidocaine.  Specification 877,732 is referred to.
Ritonavir tablets must be used in combination with other antiretroviral agents [see Dosage and Administration (2)]. The recommended dosage of ritonavir tablets in pediatric patients older than 1 month is 350 to 400 mg per m 2 twice daily by mouth to be taken with meals and should not exceed 600 mg twice daily. Ritonavir tablets should be started at 250 mg per m 2 twice daily and increased at 2 to 3 day intervals by 50 mg per m 2 twice daily. If patients do not tolerate 400 mg per m 2 twice daily due to adverse events, the highest tolerated dose may be used for maintenance therapy in combination with other antiretroviral agents, however, alternative therapy should be considered [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)]. 

Pediatric Dosage Guidelines for Oral Solution   
Ritonavir oral solution should not be administered to neonates before a postmenstrual age (first day of the mother’s last menstrual period to birth plus the time elapsed after birth) of 44 weeks has been attained [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. 

Ritonavir oral solution contains the excipients ethanol and propylene glycol. Special attention should be given to accurate calculation of the dose of ritonavir oral solution, transcription of the medication order, dispensing information and dosing instructions to minimize the risk for medication errors, and overdose. This is especially important for young children. Total amounts of ethanol and propylene glycol from all medicines that are to be given to pediatric patients 1 to 6 months of age should be taken into account in order to avoid toxicity from these excipients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Overdosage (10)]. When possible, dose should be administered using a calibrated dosing syringe. 

Body surface area (BSA) can be calculated as follows 1: 

Pediatric Dosage Guidelines for Oral Powder   
Ritonavir oral powder should be used only for dosing increments of 100 mg. Ritonavir powder should not be used for doses less than 100 mg or for incremental doses between 100 mg intervals. Ritonavir oral solution is the preferred formulation for patients requiring doses less than 100 mg or incremental doses between 100 mg intervals.
A 3D bioprinted neurovascular unit (NVU) model is developed to study glioblastoma (GBM) tumor growth in a brain-like microenvironment. The NVU model includes human primary astrocytes, pericytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells, and patient-derived glioblastoma cells (JHH-520) are used for this study. Fluorescence reporters are used with confocal high content imaging to quantitate real-time microvascular network formation and tumor growth. Extensive validation of the NVU-GBM model includes immunostaining for brain relevant cellular markers and extracellular matrix components; single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to establish physiologically relevant transcriptomics changes; and secretion of NVU and GBM-relevant cytokines. The scRNAseq reveals changes in gene expression and cytokines secretion associated with wound healing/angiogenesis, including the appearance of an endothelial mesenchymal transition cell population. The NVU-GBM model is used to test 18 chemotherapeutics and anti-cancer drugs to assess the pharmacological relevance of the model and robustness for high throughput screening.
A compliance module configured to support the addiction recovery process. The compliance module includes a user interface downloadable to a mobile computing device that connects through the Internet to computer workstations using a standard web browser. The user interface provides participation statistics on what the users have and have not been doing that is prescribed from administrators and advocates in order to stay on track with the user's treatment plan and sobriety protocol. The system can be used to present evidence to those concerned, such as licensing boards, courts, employers, trust accounts, insurance carriers, loved ones with concerns, sponsors and, most immortally, users themselves. Relapse happens much too often when addicts do not stay accountable to the prescribed recommendations. This combination of a compliance module, mobile computing device and workstation will provide the user and health care advocates with real-time tools to stay on track.
Patients in this arm will receive a low literacy smoking cessation educational brochure and a list of resources for smoking cessation. Patients will also receive navigation from a trained navigator Patients will receive up to 4 hours of patient navigation, in person or over the phone, over a 6-month period. Patients will receive financial incentives for biochemically confirmed smoking cessation.
Participants in this group will be offered the Space from Stress programme to be completed over an 8 week period. The programme is delivered through the online SilverCloud platform.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a retroviral vector from which most of viral elements are removed, as the elements are not useful in integrated proviruses and may cause many problems, though the retroviral vector contains cis-acting viral elements for expression, encapsidation, reverse transcription and integration of retroviral genome nucleic acid sequence.  <P>SOLUTION: The vector uses the Cre-lox recombination system of bacteriophage P1. The loxP site comprising 32 nucleotides is inserted into the 3' LTR U3 region with a gene to be inserted to the cell. After loxP is duplicated in the presence of the LTR, the LTR may be recombined with the enzyme Cre. The structure of the resulting provirus in the host genome corresponds to a single LTR containing a single copy of the gene to be inserted to the cell.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
The invention discloses an external pharmaceutical composition for treating constipation and application thereof, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of almond oil, 15-25 parts of honey, 20-30 parts of hemp seed oil, 7-13 parts of linseed oil, 7-13 parts of betel nut oil and 7-13 parts of longan pulp juice. The invention has the advantages that: 1. the components and the proportion of the pharmaceutical composition are screened, the medicines are mutually coordinated to exert the maximum curative effect, the pharmaceutical effect is durable, no toxic or side effect exists, and the pharmaceutical composition is worthy of popularization and application. 2. The pharmaceutical composition has good curative effect on constipation, can obviously improve abdominal fullness and constipation symptoms of constipation patients, and has high effective rate. 3. The enema has the advantages of no toxic or side effect, simple preparation method, simple and easy application and the like, is suitable for long-term use, is a safe and effective medicament for treating constipation, and has good application prospect.
This will be a randomized, double-blind, three-way crossover study testing glycopyrronium (Seebri®) vs. indacaterol (Onbrez®) vs. glycopyrronium+indacaterol. The MCT method used will be the two-minute tidal breathing dosing protocol. The investigators plan to enroll thirty participants, fifteen asthmatics and fifteen non-asthmatics participants.

* Asthmatic Participants Procedure: Each participant will undergo a total of twelve MCh challenges. Each MCh challenge will be stopped when the response to MCh reaches a plateau, when the participant's FEV1 drops 40% from baseline, when the highest concentration of MCh (128mg/mL) has been administered, or if the participant wishes to stop (e.g. due to discomfort). For the purpose of this study, a plateau will be defined as the last 3 consecutive data points falling within 5%. The first day of testing will take approx. 3hrs. and will entail participants undergoing a MCh challenge to determine their baseline MCh PC20. They will then self-administer the contents of two Breezhaler inhalers. If taking one of the monotherapies, one inhaler will contain active treatment (50mcg glycopyrronium or 5mcg indacaterol) and the other inhaler will contain a placebo. For the combination treatment arm, both inhalers will contain active drug (one 50mcg glycopyrronium and one 75mcg indacaterol). The identity of the treatment administered will be unknown to the participants and to the study staff. Participants will then undergo MCT post-treatment at 1 hr., 24 hrs., and 48 hrs. Testing at 24 and 48 hrs. will take approximately 1-1.5 hrs. Therefore, participants must attend the lab at roughly the same time of day for three consecutive days for each treatment arm. Following a minimum 10-day washout between treatment administrations, the same procedure will be repeated with the second study treatment. Following a second 10-day washout, the procedure will be repeated with the third study treatment.
* Non-Asthmatic Participants Procedure: Each non-asthmatic participant will undergo a single MCh challenge, which should take approx. 1-1.5 hrs. This will allow for the generation of a "normal" MCh DRC curve to compare with the asthmatic data. The MCh challenge will be stopped when the response to MCh reaches a plateau, when the participant's FEV1 drops 40% from baseline, when the highest concentration of MCh (128mg/mL) has been administered, or if the participant wishes to stop.
The invention discloses a safflower burn medicine baijiu. The safflower burn medicine baijiu is prepared from 45 g of angelica sinensis, 45 g of ligusticum wallichii, 45 g of herba asari, 45 g of betel nut pieces, 45 g of fructus aurantii, 45 g of platycodon grandiflorum, 45 g of rhizoma pinellinae praeparata, 45 g of rhizoma curcumae longae, 45 g of olibanum, 45 g of myrrh, 45 g of common burreed rhizomes, 45 g of roots and stems of curcuma zedoary, 15 g of radix bupleuri, 30 g of prepared rhizoma alismatis, 30 g of achyranthis bidentatae, 45 g of eucommia ulmoides, 45 g of fructus psoraleae, 45 g of roots of largeleaf gentian, 45 g of hematoxylon, 45 g of safflowers, 45 g of pyritum, 45 g of woodlouses, 45 g of prepared root-bark of Chinese hydrangeavin, 45 g of sargentgloryvine stems and 45 g of ganltheria forrestii diels, and is the pure traditional Chinese medicine baijiu. The safflower burn medicine baijiu has the effects of restraining wounds, activating blood, relieving pain, removing stasis and reducing inflammation. The safflower burn medicine baijiu is bitter and astringent in taste, is the tawny and even deep brown liquid, and has the peculiar curative effect on treating injuries such as burn, cold injuries, empyrosis, ambustion, skin surface traumas, angiitis and non-healing wounds, and wounds are restrained for 5 hours. The medicine baijiu is fully is coated, sprayed and poured at the wounds, and is applied in the morning, at noon and night till the wounds are cured. If the wounds are infected, the wounds are disinfected, sterilized and debrided, untoward effects are not discovered, and the safflower burn medicine baijiu is prohibited to be used for non-trauma wounds; the safflower burn medicine baijiu is placed on a place where children cannot touch the medicine baijiu, eyes and sensitive parts cannot be injured, and if the eyes and sensitive parts cannot be injured, the eyes and the sensitive parts are washed with clear water.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes characterized by vascular pathology and neuroinflammation. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a soluble pattern recognition molecule that functions at the crossroads between innate immunity, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. DR is known to involve inflammatory pathways, although the potential relevance of PTX3 has not been explored. We found that PTX3 protein levels increased in the retina of diabetic mice. Similarly, evaluation of a publicly available transcriptomic human dataset revealed increased PTX3 expression in DR with diabetic macular edema and proliferative retinopathy, when compared to nondiabetic retinas or diabetic retinas without complications. To further understand the role of PTX3 within DR, we employed the streptozotocin-induced diabetes model in PTX3 knockout mice (PTX3KO), which were followed up for 9 mo to evaluate hallmarks of disease progression. In diabetic PTX3KO mice, we observed decreased reactive gliosis, diminished microglia activation, and reduced vasodegeneration, when compared to diabetic PTX3 wild-type littermates. The decrease in DR-associated pathological features in PTX3KO retinas translated into preserved visual function, as evidenced by improved optokinetic response, restored b-wave amplitude in electroretinograms, and attenuated neurodegeneration. We showed that PTX3 induced an inflammatory phenotype in human retinal macroglia, characterized by GFAP upregulation and increased secretion of IL6 and PAI-1. We confirmed that PTX3 was required for TNF-α-induced reactive gliosis, as PTX3KO retinal explants did not up-regulate GFAP in response to TNF-α. This study reveals a unique role for PTX3 as an enhancer of sterile inflammation in DR, which drives pathogenesis and ultimately visual impairment.