anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Seriously ill patients rely on spiritual and existential beliefs to support coping and approach crucial treatment and healthcare decisions. Yet, we lack gold standard, validated approaches to gathering information on those spiritual beliefs. Therefore, we developed I-SPIRIT, a spiritual needs and beliefs inventory for those with serious illness (IIR-10-050).
METHODS: In prior work to develop measure content, we interviewed a total of 74 participants: 20 patients (veterans with Stage IV cancer, CHF, COPD, ESRD), 19 caregivers, 14 chaplains, 10 social workers, 12 nurses, and 5 physicians. Using directed content analyses, we identified over 50 attributes of spiritual experience comprising five domains: overall importance of spirituality; affiliations and practices; impact on decisions; spiritual needs; and spiritual resources. We then translated these attributes into individual items with Likert response scales. In the quantitative validation of I-SPIRIT, we administered the instrument and a battery of comparison measures to 249 seriously ill veterans. The comparison measures captured general spiritual well-being, religious coping, and emotional functioning. Convergent and discriminant validity was examined with the FACIT-sp (faith, meaning, and purpose), BMMRS (religious/spirituality), POMS and PHQ-8 (emotional function), and FACT-G (quality of life). We administered the I-SPIRIT a week later, for test-retest reliability.
RESULTS: Psychometric analyses yielded a final I-SPIRIT Tool including 30 items. Results demonstrated reliability and validity and yielded a tool with three main components: Spiritual Beliefs (seven items); Spiritual Needs (nine items); and Spiritual Resources (14 items). The Spiritual Beliefs items include key practices and affiliations, and impact of beliefs on healthcare. Higher levels of Spiritual Needs were associated with higher anxiety and depression.
CONCLUSION: The I-Spirit measures relevance of spirituality, spiritual needs and spiritual resources and demonstrates validity, reliability, and acceptability for patients with serious illness.
INTRODUCTION: The transition to or from direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is common in clinical practice.
AREAS COVERED: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and UpToDate up to March 2024 for conditions and approaches for transitioning from one agent to the other. No randomized clinical trials were retrieved except for two studies regarding switching to DOAC in well-conducted vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy. A narrative review was conducted addressing the conditions for switching from one agent to the other, such as thromboembolic events and major bleeding during anticoagulation, development or worsening of kidney or liver failure, initiation of interfering drugs, adverse events such as allergic reactions, frailty, patients' preferences, and affordability. During transitions from one anticoagulant to the other, the risk of both thromboembolic and bleeding complications should be minimized. The current approaches for such transitions are derived from those employed in clinical trials evaluating DOAC and from product information.
EXPERT OPINION: Many uncertainties remain regarding those circumstances requiring a change in anticoagulant strategies, as they lack evidence-based guidance. It can be envisaged that the problem of switching to and from DOAC will need additional studies especially addressing the conditions and the best approach to such transitions.
BACKGROUND: Distal femoral fractures account for less than 1% of all fractures. The therapy of choice is usually surgical stabilization. Despite advances in implant development over the past few years, complication rate remains comparatively high. The aim of this study is to analyze our results with plate fixation of distal femoral fractures with a focus on complication and fracture healing rates.
METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, patients (> 18 years) with distal femoral fractures treated at an urban level I trauma center between 2015 and 2022 were analyzed.
RESULTS: In total, 206 patients (167 female, 39 male) with an average age of 75 (SD 16) years were diagnosed with a fracture of the distal femur. One hundred fourteen of these patients were treated surgically by means of plate osteosynthesis. In 13 cases (11.41%), a revision procedure had to be performed. The indication for surgical revision was mechanical failure in eight cases (7.02%) and septic complication in five cases (4.39%). Periprosthetic fractures were more likely to cause complications overall (19.6% versus 4.76%) and further included all documented septic complications. The analysis of modifiable surgical factors in the context of plate osteosynthesis showed higher complication rates for cerclage in the fracture area compared with plate-only stabilizations (44.44% versus 22.22%).
CONCLUSIONS: The data show an increased amount of revisions and a significantly higher number of septic complications in the treatment of periprosthetic fractures of the distal femur compared with non-periprosthetic fractures. The detected combination of plates together with cerclage was associated with higher complication rates. Level of evidence Level III retrospective comparative study.
Currently, botulinum type A toxin related products are used not only in treatment areas but they are used often in cosmetic area as well and frequency of usage is increasing as well. Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. has developed a safe product by identifying wild-type Clostridium botulinum (type A) strain and purifying high purity, high quality botulinum toxin type A proteins from the strain. As a result of characteristic analysis (genotype analysis, morphological / biochemical characteristic verification test, toxicity test, etc) of the identified fungi, it was confirmed that the biological and chemicophysical properties are equal to those of wild-type Clostridium botulinum (type A, Hall strain).

Regarding treatment satisfaction of those patients who were administered with botulinum toxin product, onset time plays an important role as a factor. Limitation found when reviewing the existing publications was in defining onset time solely on the determination of effect simply on response to whether there was an improvement. However, this study defines improvement rate of glabellar lines as ratio of reduction of more than 1 point from the baseline by investigator and thus it appears more objective data can be obtained than existing studies. Therefore, with this background, we intend to conduct phase 4 clinical study to explore onset time for DWP450-004 injection's glabellar lines improvement effect.
Chronic exposure to heavy metals as aluminum chloride (AlCl3) could result in severe health hazards such as chronic renal injury. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) in comparison to their microvesicles (MV) in AlCl3-induced chronic renal injury. Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control group, AlCl3-treated group, AlCl3/ASC-treated group, and AlCl3/MV-treated group. Biochemical studies included estimation of serum urea and creatinine levels, oxidative biomarkers assay, antioxidant biomarkers, serum cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-33), real time-PCR analysis of renal tissue MALT1, TNF-α, IL-6, and serum miR-150-5p expression levels. Histopathological studies included light and electron microscopes examination of renal tissue, Mallory trichrome stain for fibrosis, Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain for histochemical detection of carbohydrates, and immunohistochemical detection of Caspase-3 as apoptosis marker, IL-1B as a proinflammatory cytokine and CD40 as a marker of MVs. AlCl3 significantly deteriorated kidney function, enhanced renal MDA and TOS, and serum cytokines concentrations while decreased the antioxidant parameters (SOD, GSH, and TAC). Moreover, serum IL-10, TNF-α, miR-150-5p, and renal MALT1 expression values were significantly higher than other groups. Kidney sections showed marked histopathological damage in both renal cortex and medulla in addition to enhanced apoptosis and increased inflammatory cytokines immunoexpression than other groups. Both ASCs and MVs administration ameliorated the previous parameters levels with more improvement was detected in MVs-treated group. In conclusion: ASCs-derived MVs have a promising ameliorating effect on chronic kidney disease.
Patients undergo radiation therapy and receive capecitabine as in Arm I. Patients also receive placebo PO BID in weeks 1-11.5.
The safety of NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE injection, 10 mg, in an auto-injector has not been established in opioid-dependent adults. Because NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE injection is expected to cause abrupt opioid withdrawal in opioid-dependent individuals, use NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE injection when the potential benefits are expected to outweigh the risks. Use of a product that delivers a dose lower than 10 mg naloxone HCl may be preferable in treatment of a patient with known opioid dependence.

Abrupt reversal of opioid depression after using naloxone HCl may result in nausea, vomiting, sweating, tremulousness, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, seizures, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, pulmonary edema, and cardiac arrest. Death, coma, and encephalopathy have been reported as sequelae of these events. Although a direct cause and effect relationship has not been established, after use of naloxone HCl, monitor individuals with opioid-dependence for hypotension, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, and pulmonary edema in an appropriate healthcare setting. It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema associated with the use of naloxone HCl is similar to neurogenic pulmonary edema, i.e., a centrally mediated massive catecholamine response leading to a dramatic shift of blood volume into the pulmonary vascular bed resulting in increased hydrostatic pressures.
Obesity is a significant risk factor for health issues like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It often proves resistant to traditional lifestyle interventions, prompting a need for more precise therapeutic strategies. This has led to a focus on signaling pathways and neuroendocrine mechanisms to develop targeted obesity treatments. Recent developments in obesity management have been revolutionized by introducing novel glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based drugs, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide. These drugs are part of an emerging class of nutrient-stimulated hormone-based therapeutics, acting as incretin mimetics to target G-protein-coupled receptors like GLP-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon. These receptors are vital in regulating body fat and energy balance. The development of multiagonists, including GLP-1-glucagon and GIP-GLP-1-glucagon receptor agonists, especially with the potential for glucagon receptor activation, marks a significant advancement in the field. This review covers the development and clinical efficacy of various GLP-1-based therapeutics, exploring the challenges and future directions in obesity management.
In females, there is a continuous decline of the ovarian reserve with age, which results in menopause in women or estropause in mice. Loss of ovarian function results in metabolic alterations in mice and women. Based on this, we aimed to evaluate the effect of caloric restriction (CR) on redox status and metabolic changes in chemically induced estropause in mice. For this, mice were divided into four groups (n = 10): cyclic ad libitum (AL), cyclic 30% CR, AL estropause, and estropause 30% CR. Estropause was induced using 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) for 20 consecutive days in 2-month-old females. The CR protocol started at 5 months of age and the treatments lasted for 4 months. The CR females gained less body weight than AL females (p < 0.001) and had lower glycemic curves in response to glucose tolerance test (GTT). The AL estropause females had the highest body weight and body fat, despite having lower food intake. However, the estropause females on 30% CR lost the most body weight and had the lowest amount of body fat compared to all groups. The effect of 30% CR on redox status in fat and liver tissue was similar for cyclic and estropause females. Interestingly, estropause decreased ROS in adipose tissue, while increasing it in the liver. No significant effects of CR on redox status were observed. Chemically induced estropause did not influence the response to 30% CR on glucose tolerance and redox status; however, weight loss was exarcebated compared to cyclic females.
Patients will receive Angiotensin II at a starting dose of 20 ng/Kg/min. During the first 30 minutes after randomization, the angiotensin II infusion will be titrated to achieve a mean arterial pressure of 65-75 mmHg while the norepinephrine infusion will be withdrawn and stopped. Following a stabilization of 60 minutes, the angiotensin II infusion is titrated to achieve a mean arterial pressure of 85-95 mmHg. Following a 30 minutes wash-in period and a 60 minutes stabilization period, a third set of measurements will be taken. Then, the angiotensin II infusion will be withdrawn in small steps and replaced by a norepinephrine infusion which will then be titrated to achieve a mean arterial pressure of 65-75 mmHg. Then, the final set of measurements will be taken.
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) is now established as the most accurate non-invasive imaging modality for characterizing breast cancer. CE-MRI has a very high sensitivity because the intravenous MR contrast agent highlights regions with increased vascularization and vascular permeability compared to normal breast tissues and benign lesions. While research continues on improving the specificity of CE-MRI, several other MR techniques that do not require an exogenous contrast agent have been shown to provide valuable information that can improve the characterization of breast cancers. These techniques include magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), diffusion-weighted imaging, and water T2 relaxometry. The long-term goal of this study is to develop these techniques to produce quantitative MR-based biomarkers that can be used to supplement or possibly supplant the information provided by CE-MRI. This project seeks to facilitate the advancement of these advanced, non-contrast techniques. This study uses a piggyback design, in which subjects who are already scheduled to receive a CE-MRI study are invited to receive an additional 10-20 minutes of scanning to help develop these novel methods. This efficient design allows for the refinement and assessment of these new techniques with a minimum of risk and inconvenience to the patient. With these proposed improvements, these techniques may lead to quantitative biomarkers that can guide critical clinical questions in treatment response, diagnosis, staging, and high-risk screening of breast cancer.
Arm B (Stanford V): Patients receive Stanford V chemotherapy comprising doxorubicin (25 mg/m²) and vinblastine (6 mg/m²) IV on day 1 of weeks 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11; vincristine (1.4 mg/m²) and bleomycin (5 u/m²) IV on day 1 of weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12; mechlorethamine (6 mg/m²) IV on day 1 of weeks 1, 5, and 9 (if mechlorethamine is unavailable, may substitute with cyclophosphamide \[375 mg/m²\] IV); etoposide (60 mg/m²) IV on days 1 and 2 of weeks 3, 7, and 11; and oral prednisone (40 mg/m²) every other day of weeks 1-9 followed by a taper. All patients with bulky disease receive radiotherapy 2-3 weeks after completion of chemotherapy.
Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) has been shown to be a reliable marker of ovarian reserve because levels demonstrate a consistent age-related decline and do not fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle. In prior studies measuring markers other than AMH, tubal ligation has been shown to have an adverse effect on ovarian reserve.

The primary aim of this study will be to compare the rates of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) decline following tubal ligation, Essure placement, and levonorgestrel IUDs, and then identifying any and all differences that these specific contraceptive methods have on the changes of AMH rates over time. The secondary aim will focus on analyzing the various types of tubal ligation methods (i.e. coagulation, ligation, clips, bands, etc.) to see if different techniques result in any difference in the rate of AMH decline. The hypothesis is that tubal ligation will result in an accelerated rate of AMH decline as compared to other long-term or permanent contraceptive methods.
BACKGROUND: Sugarcane, an economically important crop cultivated for its unique character of accumulating sucrose into its stalk and the world's major crop according to production quantity. Sugarcane production is negatively influenced by abiotic stresses because it faces all types of environments due to its long-life cycle period. Among the various abiotic stresses, drought is one of the major limiting factors creates obstacle in sugarcane production. Thus, an attempt was made to assess the molecular insights into sugarcane genotypes under water stress. A preliminary screening was done in ten sugarcane genotypes grown under semi-arid region of India through physiological, biochemical and antioxidant responses of these genotypes under two water deficit levels.
METHODS: In the current study, drought was imposed on ten sugarcane genotypes during their formative stage (110 DAP) by depriving them of irrigation. A pot experiment was carried out to see how several commercial sugarcane genotypes responded to water scarcity. Sugarcane received two treatments, the first after 125 days and the second after 140 days. The physio-biochemical and antioxidant responses recorded were RWC, MSI, SCMR, Proline accumulation, SOD, Catalase, Peroxidase and Lipid peroxidation. The significant variations were recorded in responses of all genotypes. On the basis of physio-biochemical, three genotypes Cos 98,014, Cos 13,235 and Colk 14,201 were selected for differential gene expression pattern analysis. The total RNA was isolated and reverse transcribe to cDNA and real time PCR was performed for expression analysis under 10 genes.
RESULTS: Under drought conditions, all sugarcane genotypes showed significantly decreased RWC, chlorophyll content, and MSI. However, when water was scarce, proline buildup, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, enzymatic antioxidant activity (CAT, POD, and SOD), and contents all increased dramatically. Finally, in all physiological and biochemical parameters, Co 98,014 genotype displayed superior adaptation responses to drought stress, followed by Co 018, Cos 13,235, and Colk 14,201. For gene expression analysis out of 21 genes, 10 genes were expressed in sugarcane genotypes, in which 7 genes (Shbbx2, Shbbx3, Shbbx4, Shbbx5, Shbbx8, Shbbx15 and Shbbx20) were upregulated and 3 genes (Shbbx1, Shbbx16 and Shbbx17) were downregulated.
CONCLUSION: The statistical analysis conducted in this study demonstrated that drought stress had a negative impact on physiological responses, including RWC, SPAD, and MSI, in sugarcane crops. However, it was found that the crops were able to survive in these stress conditions by increasing their biochemical parameters, all while maintaining their growth and function.
Individuals in the treatment resistant depression (TRD) sample suffer from the condition called TRD. The intervention that will be administered to this group is the standardized rTMS treatment using High Frequency dTMS (HF-dTMS) stimulation over L-DLPFC, at the frequency of 18Hz, at 120% value of the individual's motor threshold, in 5 daily sessions per week, taking place each weekday, over the course of 6 weeks.
16 children with PKU who currently take a Phe-free/low Phe protein substitute (3 or 4 doses/day) will be recruited. Subjects will replace the last daily dose of their usual protein substitute with the study product for 7 days of the 28 day trial (either days 1-7 or days 22-28 based on random allocation). On the remaining study days, subjects will take an amino acid based protein substitute for all daily doses. There will be a 2 week washout period between study arms where subjects will take their usual protein substitute. The amount of study product prescribed will be calculated to provide the same amount of protein as their usual protein substitute. The last protein substitute (PS) dose of the day (amino acids or study product) will need to be taken between 7-9pm to allow an 8-10 hour fasting period overnight. Three finger prick blood spots will be collected and analysed for phenylalanine, tyrosine and BCAA at 5am, 6am and 7am on days -1, 0, 6, 7, 20, 21, 27 and 28. For all subjects, a second void urine sample will be collected on days 0, 7, 21 and 28 for analysis of urea and creatinine. A quality of sleep questionnaire will be completed by subjects or their carers on days 0, 7, 21 and 28 and a 24 hour food diary on days -1, 0, 6, 7, 20, 21, 27 and 28. A palatability questionnaire will be completed by subjects or their carers on days 7 or 28 (at the end of the period with PKU GOLIKE, if Bars or Krunches are used). Subject visits will be on days -2 (enrolment), 0, 7, 21 and 28 where the research dietitian will collect urine samples, blood spots, questionnaires and diaries.
Preterm infants feed in the ESL position. In the ESL position, infant's head and trunk were elevated to an angle of 45-60° with the help of a pillow prepared by the researcher from the beds that were previously used in the unit and infants were held in side-lying position as in the breast-feeding position where their right ear faced the ceiling and the other ear faced the arms of the researcher. Their knees and hip were leaned against the researcher's arms and both the head and the neck were held at the same level by the researcher, whereas the chin was held in the flexion posture mildly facing the floor.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore and analyze the therapeutic effect of the combination of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12® and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on underweight and malabsorption in premature infants.
METHODS: This is a retrospective study. The clinical data of 68 premature infants admitted to Beijing United Family Hospital (Private Secondary Comprehensive Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China) from January 2016 to January 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Preterm infants less than 37 weeks of gestational age admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were included in the study. Patients with intestinal malformations, necrotizing enterocolitis, etc., who require long-term fasting were excluded. A telephone follow-up was performed 3-6 months after discharge. They were classified as treatment groups A and B according to the treatment plan. The treatment group A included parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, etc. In treatment group B, based on treatment group A, the premature infants were treated with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12® and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The time to regain birthweight and the weight on day 30 were compared between the two groups, as was the duration of transition from parenteral nutrition to total enteral nutrition.
RESULTS: The time of weight regain birthweight in group B was shorter than that in group A (t=-2.560; t=-4.287; p<0.05). The increase of weight on day 30 in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (t=2.591; t=2.651; p<0.05). The time from parenteral nutrition to total enteral nutrition in group B was shorter than that in group A (z=-2.145; z=-2.236; p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: In the treatment of premature infants, the combination of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12® and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG can have a better therapeutic effect on the underweight and malabsorption of premature infants, and this treatment method can be popularized in clinics.