anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The inflammatory component of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) creates a prothrombotic state that necessitates a thrombophylactic strategy for hospitalized patients. Such strategies are difficult to be standardized because certain individuals can have prothrombotic conditions, such as inherited thrombophilia, which predispose them to an additional coagulative risk. Whether outside the hospital or when admitted, patients with inherited thrombophilia need special anticoagulant attention. Identifying such patients, especially in susceptible populations like the Egyptian people, will aid primary providers in risk stratification for choosing the optimal anticoagulation plan. Case-control study which will be conducted on 33 patients who had been diagnosed as COVID-19 at Ain-Shams University isolation Hospitals and 13 healthy controls. Patients will be subjected to: Thorough history taking, Thorough clinical assessment,COVID-19 PCR+/- radiological data collection, Assessment of MTHFR C677T genotypes were determined by RT- PCR of 2 ml EDTA blood sample, Follow up patient for 28 days as regard development of vascular thrombotic manifestation (D. dimer, LL duplex, or CT chest with Pulmonary angiography if needed).
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the predominant secondary nephropathy resulting in global end-stage renal disease. It is attracting significant attention in both domestic and international research due to its widespread occurrence, fast advancement, and limited choices for prevention and treatment. The pathophysiology of this condition is intricate and involves multiple molecular and cellular pathways at various levels. This article provides a concise overview of the molecular processes involved in the development of DN. It discusses various factors, such as signaling pathways, cytokines, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cellular damage, autophagy, and epigenetics. The aim is to offer clinicians a valuable reference for DN's diagnosis, treatment, and intervention.
Coagulopathy in trauma increases mortality and morbidity. Early administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) seems to improve survival and outcome; this was shown partially by the CRASH2 study, where patients received TXA in the emergency room. Thus this study evaluates the administration of TXA on scene by the EMS or by the crew of a rescue helicopter in multiple trauma patients or isolated TBI. Coagulopathy will be assessed by standard laboratory tests as well as thromboelastometry in 50 patients. The results will be compared to a study published by Theusinger et al. (Changes in Coagulation in Standard Laboratory Tests and ROTEM in Trauma Patients Between On-Scene and Arrival in the Emergency Department.Theusinger OM et al. Anesth Analg. 2014 Dec 24. \[Epub ahead of print\] PMID: 25545751) where no TXA was administered on scene and only changes in coagulation between on scene and in the emergency department were assessed.
The usual starting dose of losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide tablets are 50/12.5 (losartan 50 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg) once daily. The dosage can be increased after 3 weeks of therapy to a maximum of 100/25 (losartan 100 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg) once daily as needed to control blood pressure [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].

Initiate a patient whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled with losartan 50 mg monotherapy with losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide tablets 50/12.5 once daily. If blood pressure remains uncontrolled after about 3 weeks of therapy, the dosage may be increased to two tablets of losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide 50/12.5 once daily or one tablet of losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide 100/25 once daily.

Initiate a patient whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled with losartan 100 mg monotherapy with losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide tablets 100/12.5 (losartan 100 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg) once daily. If blood pressure remains uncontrolled after about 3 weeks of therapy, increase the dose to two tablets of losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide 50/12.5 once daily or one tablet of losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide 100/25 once daily.

Initiate a patient whose blood pressure is inadequately controlled with hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg once daily, or is controlled but who experiences hypokalemia with this regimen, on losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide tablets 50/12.5 once daily, reducing the dose of hydrochlorothiazide without reducing the overall expected antihypertensive response. Evaluate the clinical response to losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide tablets 50/12.5 and, if blood pressure remains uncontrolled after about 3 weeks of therapy, increase the dose to two tablets of losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide 50/12.5 once daily or one tablet of losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide 100/25 once daily.
Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) and evolving bacterial resistance are major public health concerns that impact all healthcare arenas. Further work is indicated to better understand these healthcare issues in order that effective preventive measures can be developed.

The investigators have developed and validated an experimental model for studying the mechanisms, risk factors for, and implications of bacterial cross contamination in the surgical operating room. The investigators have confirmed through use of this model that intraoperative bacterial transmission events occur frequently within and between operative cases and that these transmission events are linked to 30-day postoperative HCAIs and to increased patient mortality. In response, the investigators have implemented and evaluated various strategies designed to target risk factors for intraoperative bacterial transmission events including anesthesia provider hand hygiene compliance, improved handling and design of intravascular catheters, and improved environmental decontamination of high-risk objects. While these focused strategies have been successful in reducing transmission events and the incidence of 30-day postoperative infections, the investigators' recent work in the intensive care unit suggests that the hand hygiene system the investigators studied could be further optimized. The investigators now propose to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal hand hygiene system enhanced with novel wireless technology designed to facilitate real-time group and individual performance feedback, two evidence-based educational interventions, in reducing 30-day postoperative HCAIs (primary outcome) and intraoperative bacterial transmission events, hospital stay duration, and hospital re-admission rates (secondary outcomes).
PURPOSE: To obtain a therapeutic agent for conjugate heart failure containing a selective inhibitor of a neutral endopeptidase and an angiotensin transforming enzyme inhibitor. CONSTITUTION: This therapeutic agent combinedly contains a compound of formula I  R2 is a 1-7C lower alkyl, formula II, etc.; R3 is H, a lower alkyl, etc.; R4 is hydroxy, a 1-7C lower alkoxy, etc.; (n) is 1-15; (m) is 0-4} with an angiotensin transforming enzyme (e.g. captopril). The agent is administrated as a single formulation containing both of the compound and the enzyme, administrated by simultaneously applying respective formulations or separately administrated. Its dosing amount is daily 0.03-1,000mg/kg in a case of endopeptidase and daily 0.001-50mg/kg in a case of angiotensin transforming enzyme. The selective inhibitor of a neutral endopeptidase is a compound having an activity as an inhibitor or the neutral endopeptidase in at least 100 times of an activity as an inhibitor of the angiotensin transforming enzyme.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Emerging and re-emerging central nervous system (CNS) infections are a major public health concern in the tropics. The reasons for this are myriad; climate change, rainfall, deforestation, increased vector density combined with poverty, poor sanitation and hygiene. This review focuses on pathogens, which have emerged and re-emerged, with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality.
RECENT FINDINGS: In recent years, multiple acute encephalitis outbreaks have been caused by Nipah virus, which carries a high case fatality. Arboviral infections, predominantly dengue, chikungunya and Zika are re-emerging increasingly especially in urban areas due to changing human habitats, vector behaviour and viral evolution. Scrub typhus, another vector borne disease caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi , is being established as a leading cause of CNS infections in the tropics.
SUMMARY: A syndromic and epidemiological approach to CNS infections in the tropics is essential to plan appropriate diagnostic tests and management. Rapid diagnostic tests facilitate early diagnosis and thus help prompt initiation and focusing of therapy to prevent adverse outcomes. Vector control, cautious urbanization and deforestation, and reducing disturbance of ecosystems can help prevent spread of vector-borne diseases. Regional diagnostic and treatment approaches and specific vaccines are required to avert morbidity and mortality.
OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the incidence of nonrelapse mortality at 100 days after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) treated with fludarabine and busulfan. II. Determine the incidence of donor stem cell engraftment in patients treated with this regimen. III. Determine the incidence and severity of acute graft-vs-host disease in patients treated with this regimen. IV. Determine the incidence of persistent or recurrent CML or MDS in patients treated with this regimen. V. Determine the safety of this regimen in these patients.

OUTLINE: Patients receive a conditioning regimen comprising fludarabine IV on days -9 to -6 and oral busulfan every 6 hours on days -5 to -2. Patients undergo allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation on day 0. Patients receive graft-vs-host disease prophylaxis comprising methotrexate IV on days 1, 3, 6, and 11 and cyclosporine orally or IV twice daily on days -1 to 100 followed by a taper until day 180. Patients are followed every 6 months for 2 years and then annually thereafter.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 30 patients will be accrued for this study within 1.5 years.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive neurological disorder without a cure, but early intervention can slow disease progression and improve the quality of life for MS patients. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis for MS is an arduous and error-prone task that requires a combination of a detailed medical history, a comprehensive neurological exam, clinical tests such as magnetic resonance imaging, and the exclusion of other possible diseases. A simple and definitive biofluid test for MS does not exist, but is highly desirable. To address this need, we employed NMR-based metabolomics to identify potentially unique metabolite biomarkers of MS from a cohort of age and sex-matched samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, and urine from 206 progressive MS (PMS) patients, 46 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients, and 99 healthy volunteers without a MS diagnosis. We identified 32 metabolites in CSF that varied between the control and PMS patients. Utilizing patient-matched serum samples, we were able to further identify 31 serum metabolites that may serve as biomarkers for PMS patients. Lastly, we identified 14 urine metabolites associated with PMS. All potential biomarkers are associated with metabolic processes linked to the pathology of MS, such as demyelination and neuronal damage. Four metabolites with identical profiles across all three biofluids were discovered, which demonstrate their potential value as cross-biofluid markers of PMS. We further present a case for using metabolic profiles from PMS patients to delineate biomarkers of RRMS. Specifically, three metabolites exhibited a variation from healthy volunteers without MS through RRMS and PMS patients. The consistency of metabolite changes across multiple biofluids, combined with the reliability of a receiver operating characteristic classification, may provide a rapid diagnostic test for MS.
HBI-2376 will be given orally in ascending doses (escalation cohort), until the maximum tolerated dose or recommended Phase 2 dose is reached. Up to 6 patients will then be enrolled in the expansion cohort at the recommended dose.
ARGX-110 5mg/kg once every three weeks plus chemotherapy until disease progression. The choice of the chemotherapy agents is limited to: cisplatin, carboplatin, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine and paclitaxel.
The experimental group will receive the standard of care plus functional strength training and quadriceps neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Functional strength training will include lower limb (e.g. rising from chair, heel rises) and upper limb (e.g. push-ups from the chair and against the wall) exercises for 15 min/day. Target levels of dyspnoea and/or perceived exertion will be 4 to 6 in the modified Borg scale. For neuromuscular electrical stimulation, electrodes will be placed longitudinally on the vastus intermedius and vastus medialis and a symmetric biphasic pulse waveform, with a pulse duration of 400ms, a frequency of 50Hz, in cycles of 8s of contraction and 20s of rest, will be used for 30min/day. The highest intensity tolerated by the patient will be used and intensity will be increased every time the patient feels comfortable with increasing the intensity. The device Compex Pro Rehab (CE-0473) will be used.
The present invention relates to a method for protecting hematopoietic stem cells from the myelotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation therapy, which comprises, administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of transforming growth factor beta 1 for protecting bone marrow from the myelotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation therapy. The TGF(beta)1 may be administered prior (e.g. 24 hours) to the administration of the chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation therapy. Preferably, the TGF(beta)1 is administered to the subject in an amount of about 5 (my)g to 25 (my)g per kg body weight. The patient or subject of the present invention may be a mammal (e.g. human, domestic animal such as horse, cow, dog, cat or pig) and is preferably a human being. The mode of administration is either by interfemoral arterial, interperitoneally or subcutaneously, and preferably is by injection.
Lung hyperinflation (LH) is a common clinical feature in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It results from a combination of reduced elastic lung recoil as a consequence of irreversible destruction of lung parenchyma and expiratory airflow limitation. LH is an important determinant of morbidity and mortality in COPD, partially independent of the degree of airflow limitation. Therefore, reducing LH has become a major target in the treatment of COPD over the last decades. Advances were made in the diagnostics of LH and several effective interventions became available. Moreover, there is increasing evidence suggesting that LH is not only an isolated feature in COPD but rather part of a distinct clinical phenotype that may require a more integrated management. This narrative review focuses on the pathophysiology and adverse consequences of LH, the assessment of LH with lung function measurements and imaging techniques and highlights LH as a treatable trait in COPD. Finally, several suggestions regarding future studies in this field are made.
BACKGROUND: Pelvic venous disorders (PeVD) encompass a variety of conditions linked to chronic pelvic pain in women. However, PeVD remain underdiagnosed due to the absence of universally accepted diagnostic criteria. The complexity of PeVD classifications across specialties leads to delays in treatment. This scoping review aims to fill a gap in PeVD diagnosis and management by identifying all existing scoring or grading systems to lay the foundation for standardized clinical scoring tools for PeVD.
METHODS: This scoping review was undertaken according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping reviews. Online databases were searched up to April 2023. Studies implementing a scoring or grading system for patients with confirmed or suspected PeVD were included. Scores or grading systems were classified into four main categories based on their use in the study: screening, diagnosis, measure of disease severity, and measure of response to treatment.
RESULTS: Of the 2976 unique records identified, 82 were reviewed in full, and 20 were included in this study. The publication dates ranged from 1984 to 2023 (median, 2018; interquartile range, 2003-2022). A total of 21 scores and/or grading systems were identified. Of these 21 scores, 10 (47.6%) were clinical scores, and 10 (47.6%) were scores based on radiological findings; one study included a score that used both clinical and radiological findings. The identified scores were used in various settings. Of the 21 scores, 2 (9.52%) were used for screening in a tertiary care setting; 3 (14.3%) were used to establish the PeVD diagnosis; 8 (38.1%) were used to assess disease severity; and 8 (38.1%) were used as measures of response to treatment. Of the eight scores assessing disease severity, four (50.0%) assessed the degree of dilatation of pelvic veins and four (50%) assessed the severity of reflux. Only three of the scores were validated.
CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review identified a range of scoring and grading systems for PeVD. We note a lack of a validated scoring system, both clinical and radiological, for screening and assessment of disease severity. This is an important first step in developing validated disease-specific scoring systems for patient screening, appropriate referral, assessment of symptom severity, and assessment of the response to treatment.
OBJECTIVES: In an established cohort of HER Salt Lake Contraceptive Initiative participants with a prior intrauterine device (IUD) placement, we sought to (1) define the proportion of participants who reported a negative Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) response, (2) explore factors associated with an unacceptable PASS response, and (3) identify pain management preferences for IUD placement.
STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective survey was sent to 1440 HER Salt Lake IUD users. A PASS question queried IUD placement pain experience acceptability. We explored associations between an unacceptable PASS response and sociodemographic, reproductive and other individual characteristics using t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS: Of those surveyed, 620 responded (43%), and 41.6% reported an unacceptable PASS response. Those with an unacceptable PASS response reported a significantly higher experienced pain level (79.2 mm vs 51.8 mm; p < 0.01) than those with an acceptable response, were more likely to have an anxiety diagnosis (47.7% vs 37.1%; p < 0.01), and have a trauma history (33.7% vs 25.1%; p = 0.02). Most patients were not offered pain control options, but 29.4% used ibuprofen and 25.3% had a support person. Regardless of PASS response, if offered, 59.0% desired numbing medication, 56.8% ibuprofen, 51% heating pad, 33.2% support person, and 31.8% anti-anxiety medication, among others. In our multivariable logistic regression model, higher pain was associated with unacceptable PASS response (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.08; p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: The common finding of unacceptable pain experiences with IUD placement may cause negative perceptions of an otherwise desirable method. Incorporation of the PASS response into IUD pain management studies could expand our pain experience understanding.
IMPLICATIONS: IUD placement resulted in unacceptable pain experiences for 41.6% of respondents. Screening for anxiety and trauma history could identify at-risk patients to individualize pain management strategies. Incorporation of the PASS into future IUD pain management studies could result in a more comprehensive, patient-centered measure of patient experiences.
Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential. Azithromycin has shown no mutagenic potential in standard laboratory tests: mouse lymphoma assay, human lymphocyte clastogenic assay, and mouse bone marrow clastogenic assay. In fertility studies conducted in male and female rats, oral administration of azithromycin for 64 to 66 days (males) or 15 days (females) prior to and during cohabitation resulted in decreased pregnancy rate at 20 and 30 mg/kg/day when both males and females were treated with azithromycin. This minimal effect on pregnancy rate (approximately 12% reduction compared to concurrent controls) did not become more pronounced when the dose was increased from 20 to 30 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.4 to 0.6 times the adult daily dose of 500 mg based on body surface area) and it was not observed when only one animal in the mated pair was treated. There were no effects on any other reproductive parameters and there were no effects on fertility at 10 mg/kg/day. The relevance of these findings to patients being treated with azithromycin at the doses and durations recommended in the prescribing information is uncertain.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a layer-by-layer deposited antibacterial healing-promoting soluble microneedle patch, which belongs to the field of microneedle preparation methods and adopts a layer-by-layer deposited micro-molding method. The preparation method has the advantages that materials which can not be used together due to chemical reaction in blending can be used together. The invention provides an antibacterial and healing-promoting soluble microneedle patch, which takes a healing-promoting and moisturizing layer as a needle point, an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory layer is deposited on the needle point, and finally a layer of healing-promoting and moisturizing layer is deposited to prepare a functional layer, and then a TPU medical adhesive tape is taken as a backing layer. Wherein, the healing promoting and moisturizing layer contains the following components: hyaluronic acid and sodium alginate. The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory layer contains the following components: chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, gelatin, polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and polyvinyl alcohol. The invention realizes better healing and moisturizing and antibacterial and anti-inflammatory synchronous performance of polyanion polysaccharide through layer-by-layer deposition.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent condition affecting the male urinary system, with its molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis remaining unclear. Y-27632, a non-isoform-selective Rho kinase inhibitor, has shown therapeutic potential in various diseases but its effects on static factors and fibrosis in BPH remain unexplored. This study investigated human prostate tissues, human prostate cell lines, and BPH rat model using immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and cell counting kit-8. ROCK1 and ROCK2 were significantly up-regulated in BPH tissues, correlating with clinical parameters. Y-27632 targeted the inhibition of ROCK1 & ROCK2 expression and inhibited cell proliferation, fibrosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, knockdown of either ROCK isoform inhibited fibrosis and EMT, induced apoptosis, while ROCK overexpression had the opposite effects. ROCK downregulation inhibited the β-catenin signaling pathway (such as C-MYC, Snail and Survivin) and decreased β-catenin protein stability, while inhibiting TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling. At the in vivo level, Y-27632 reversed prostatic hyperplasia and fibrosis in BPH model rats to some extent. Our study sheds light on the therapeutic potential of Y-27632 in regulating prostate cell growth, fibrosis and EMT, and demonstrates for the first time the regulatory effect of ROCK isoforms on prostate cells, providing the basis for future research of ROCK isoform-selective inhibitors.