anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Hypothermic Oxygenated machine PErfusion (HOPE) can reduce ischemic reperfusion injury and improve outcomes for liver transplant recipients. However, the effect of HOPE on high-risk extended criteria donor (ECD) and donation after circulatory death determination (DCDD) grafts is incomplete, despite the expectation that this cohort benefit maximally from HOPE. Accordingly, this paper aims to characterize the effect of HOPE on ECD and DCDD grafts.
METHODS: This study includes all papers comparing HOPE to static cold storage for high-risk ECD and DCDD grafts. Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, and Scopus were completed using the terms "HOPE" OR "hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion" AND "liver transplantation". Data were extracted and analyzed using IBM SPSS to perform the meta-analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 2286 records were identified, with 10 meeting the inclusion criteria. Overall, the quality of evidence is heterogenous with many papers relying on retrospective controls. However, pooled analysis demonstrates HOPE to significantly reduce the rate of early allograft dysfunction, 12-month graft failure, re-transplantation, total biliary complications, and non-anastomotic strictures for high-risk grafts.
CONCLUSIONS: There is good evidence that HOPE improves outcomes following liver transplantation across a number of biochemical and clinical endpoints for high-risk grafts. Of note, the reduction in biliary complications and re-transplantation is particularly significant given the morbidity associated with these endpoints. However, further, high-quality prospective trials with contemporary controls and clinically relevant primary endpoints are needed to better define the impact of HOPE for this cohort of grafts.
BACKGROUND: Extra-cranial posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms are rare with only 22 cases been reported so far. Intra-dural type of extra-cranial PICA aneurysm is even rarer with few case reports available. We report a previously unreported type of proximal PICA aneurysm in which the PICA aneurysm had intra-dural location at the C2 vertebral level.
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 51 year old gentleman presented with sub-arachnoid haemorrhage and intra-ventricular haemorrhage, predominantly involving the fourth ventricle and had no focal neurological deficit. CT angiogram was negative however a dedicated four vessel angiogram demonstrated an abnormal extracranial origin of right PICA at C1-C2 level, with associated aneurysm in its proximal segment. A C1 posterior arch excision with partial C2 laminectomy and clipping of the aneurysm was done.
CONCLUSION: Aneurysm associated with extracranial intra-dural PICA origin is a rare cause of SAH, and may not be detected with CT angiography. Such cases often require dedicated four vessel angiography, with careful study for any possibility of extra-cranial aneurysm. This variant has important surgical implication and requires preservation of the Lateral spinal artery (LSA-PICA communication), and that such aneurysm approached only with posterior cervical exposure without the need of a craniotomy. Such cases remind us the need to have an in-depth understanding of the variations of the posterior circulation.
In patients with type 2 diabetes, sulfonylurea drugs are a mainstay for effective glucose control. These agents produce their hypoglycemic effects via stimulation of endogenous insulin secretion. Oversecretion of insulin, per se, or a continued relative increase of the hormone even when plasma glucose is normal will result in hypoglycemia. This latter situation commonly occurs if a patient decides to omit, delay, or reduce the size of a meal. An important defense against hypoglycemia in the above situations is glucose dependent regulation of insulin secretion. In other words, a low ambient glucose concentration could regulate the magnitude of the amount of insulin released in response to a sulfonylurea. Thus during hypoglycemic conditions, the sulfonylurea would result in little or no insulin secretion, whereas its effects during hyperglycemia would be amplified. Glimepiride and glyburide are both second-generation sulfonlyurea drugs used commonly for treatment of type 2 diabetes. This study will compare the two and ask the following question:

Is Glimepiride insulin secretion dependent upon glucose concentration in-vivo?
BACKGROUND: This tracked obesity inequality and identified its determinants among the population of Iran. In addition, it examined the impact of implemented policies on these inequalities.
METHODS: This study was performed in two phases. First, we conducted a rapid review of the disparity in obesity prevalence in Iran. Then we investigated the main determinants of this inequality in a qualitative study. In addition, we examined Iran's policies to deal with obesity from the perspective of equality. We conducted 30 Semi-structured interviews with various obesity stakeholders selected through a purposive snowball sampling method between November 25, 2019, and August 5, 2020. In the inductive approach, we used the content analysis method based on the Corbin and Status framework to analyze the data using MAXQDA-2020. The consolidating criteria for reporting a Qualitative Study (COREQ-32) were applied to conduct and report the study.
RESULTS: Inequalities in the prevalence of obesity in terms of place of residence, gender, education, and other socioeconomic characteristics were identified in Iran. Participants believed that obesity and inequality are linked through immediate and intermediate causes. Inequality in access to healthy foods, physical activity facilities, and health care are the immediate causes of this inequality. Intermediate factors include inequality against women, children, and refugees, and inequality in access to information, education, and financial resources. Policymakers should implement equity-oriented obesity control policies such as taxing unhealthy foods, subsidizing healthy foods, providing healthy and free meals in schools, especially in disadvantaged areas, and providing nutrient-rich foods to low-income families. Also, environmental re-engineering to increase opportunities for physical activity should be considered. Of course, for the fundamental reduction of these inequalities, the comprehensive approach of all statesmen is necessary.
CONCLUSION: Obesity inequality is a health-threatening issue in Iran that can prevent achieving human development goals. Targeting the underlying causes of obesity, including inequalities, must be considered.
PURPOSE: A real-time measurement of the blood clot inside of the blood vessel using Doppler is provided to measure the recovery of the blood clot through the blood flow on a real-time basis, thereby screening the thrombolytic agent easily and accurately with low cost. CONSTITUTION: A real-time measurement of the blood clot inside of the blood vessel using Doppler causes the blood clot to the animal blood vessel except for human. The testing material is given to the animal. Blood flow inside the blood vessel is measured on a real-time basis. If the testing material recovers the blood flow up to 70% of the baseline blood flow, the testing material is determined to be the thrombolytic agent having the thrombolytic function. [Reference numerals] (AA) Average value of a blood flow rate(% of a basic level); (BB) Time(min); (CC) Dosage(mg/kg); (DD) Blood flow time curve of each animal
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new method for extraction, that is, a prophylactic means and a therapeutic means for patients suffering from viral diseases such as malaria mediated by Anopheles or HIV or HCV or HPV or highly virulent H5N1 type influenza virus or cancer.  <P>SOLUTION: Bark of Quina or an annual herb Artemisia annua is finely powdered (hereinafter abbreviated to the Artemisia annua). A tea bag containing the resultant fine powder of the Artemisia annua introduced together with sodium hydrogencarbonate or sodium carbonate into the interior of the tea bag is formed. An aqueous solution or an alcohol aqueous solution in the interior of a tea cup in which the pH concentration of the aqueous solution in the interior of the tea cup is regulated to ≥8.0 is used to carry out alkali extraction of artemisinin or an artemisinin derivative which is an active ingredient contained in the fine powder of the Artemisia annua. The resultant aqueous solution or alcohol aqueous solution is drunk or internally used as the therapeutic means for the patients suffering from the viral diseases such as malaria which is the name of disease or HIV or the cancer.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide anti-fatigue food raw material effective in recovery from fatigue; and to provide anti-fatigue food containing the food raw material.  <P>SOLUTION: The anti-fatigue food raw material contains benzyl glucosinolate. A second version of the anti-fatigue food raw material comprises at least one kind of extract and/or concentrated extract selected from Lepidium meyenii-Walp, Cruciferae and Tropaeolum majus, and contains at least benzyl glucosinolate. A third version of the anti-fatigue food raw material comprises at least leaves, underground parts, seeds, sprouts or the like of one kind selected from Lepidium meyenii-Walp, Cruciferae and Tropaeolum majus, and contains at least benzyl glucosinolate. The anti-fatigue food contains the anti-fatigue food raw material.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Human subjects will be enrolled into the study from NYU Langone Health and Bellevue Hospital Center. When orthopaedic surgery is consulted for management of a fracture, the patient will be offered enrollment into the study. The collected data will be assigned a letter and number associated for references with the patient's age, type of fracture, and time since original injury to thermal imaging scan. If any patient receives a thermal imaging scan at their initial injury evaluation, then he or she will also receive thermal imaging scans at all follow-up appointments to track changes in temperature over the healing process. No obtunded or unresponsive patients will be enrolled into the study. The goal will be to have to thirty patients enrolled into both acute fracture and non-union arms of the proposal for a total of sixty subjects. Age, gender, ethnicity, smoking status, medical history, and surgical history will be recorded for future confounding analysis.
COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and causes significant morbidity and mortality. There is currently no approved treatment for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Global efforts to evaluate new antivirals and therapeutic strategies to treat COVID-19 have intensified. To quickly propose a first line of defense and fight against the virus in hospitalized patients, the World Health Organization (WHO) relies on already existing drugs, "repositioned", which are immediately available in large quantities and present a good security profile. Remdesivir (GS-5734) is a broad spectrum nucleotide analogue that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity among a diverse group of RNA viruses. Non-clinical and clinical data suggest that remdesivir may be useful for the treatment of COVID-19. WHO has identified remdesivir as a candidate drug of interest to be studied in clinical trials. Compassionate provision of the drug allowed its use before clinical trials began. This retrospective cohort study is designed to analyze the data collected during the routine care of patients who have benefited from this compassionate provision.

The data collected in real life during care will allow a multivariate analysis quickly providing elements of response on a typology of patients and level of progression of the disease for which remdesivir would bring a more or less significant clinical benefit. Multivariate analysis of these data will allow the identification of variables at the initiation of treatment with remdesivir that are potentially predictive of its clinical efficacy.

The period for collecting data collected during treatment for an individual subject is 30 days. The retrospective collection begins on the day before initiation of treatment with remdesivir up to 29 days after. A note of information and of no objection to the collection of data will be sent to the patient. The data collected comes from the patient's medical records. The observations will be entered by investigative doctors and or clinical study technicians.

Statistical analysis will be carried out using SAS 9.3 and / or R software. All the analyzes carried out will follow the recommendations of STROBE for observational studies. A detailed statistical analysis plan will be carried out before basic freezing and data analysis. Quantitative data will be described as the mean and standard deviation or medians and quartiles depending on the distribution of the data. Qualitative data will be described in terms of numbers and percentages. Comparisons of quantitative data will be analyzed using the student or wilcoxon test depending on the test application conditions, and comparisons of categorical variables will be made using the Chi2 or Fisher test, if appropriate. Multivariate models will be produced to explore the factors associated with patient prognosis. The clinical development of patients described on a 7-point ordinal scale will be divided into two in order to create logistic models. The entire process of selecting variables in the models will be described in the analysis plan which will be validated before the database freezes.
PURPOSE:To obtain the titled derivative useful as drugs, etc. industrially advantageously, by extracting a decomposition precursor from decomposition through an extraction solvent, adding an alkali aqueous solution to the extracted solution, adjusting it to a specific pH value, filtering it, heating the filtrate with stirring, aging it. CONSTITUTION:A decomposition precursor is extracted from decomposition through an extraction solvent, an alkali aqueous solution is added to the extracted solution containing the decomposition precursor so that it is adjusted to >=2.7pH. It is filtered, the filtrate is heated with stirring, and aged to give the desired derivative. The decomposition precursor contained in decomposition consists of a mixture of water-soluble high polymers consisting of a high polymer compound containing phenol-exposing group, quinones as oxides of phenolic compounds, oxidase such as phenol oxidase as main components, and a polysaccharide, amino acid, organic acid, etc. as constitutional components.
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by excessive collagen deposition, autoimmunity and by vascular hyper-reactivity and obliterative microvascular phenomena that involves multiple organs. Scleroderma Renal Crisis (SRC) occurs in 5% of patients and mainly with diffuse cutaneous SSc. The routine use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) has been reported to dramatically improve outcome, with a fall of the 12-month mortality from 76% to less than 15% in the United-States. Despite prognostic improvement, SRC remains a severe manifestation of SSc and functional outcome and survival remains poor. Bosentan is a specific, orally active, dual endothelin receptor antagonist that has recently been approved for the treatment of primary pulmonary arterial hypertension and for the prevention of ischemic digital ulcers. Bosentan could have therapeutic benefits on others vascular injuries and particularly in SRC.
We report the case of a 34-year-old female who was evaluated for a right lower extremity soft-tissue mass, found to be a large cystic lesion bound by fibrous tissue containing innumerable, freely mobile nodules of fat. Her presentation suggested the diagnosis of nodular cystic fat necrosis (NCFN), a rare entity that likely represents a morphological subset of fat necrosis potentially caused by vascular insufficiency secondary to local trauma. Her lesion was best visualized using MRI, which revealed characteristic imaging features of NCFN including nodular lipid-signal foci that suppress on fat-saturated sequences, intralesional fluid with high signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging, and a contrast-enhancing outer capsule with low signal intensity on T1-weighted imaging. Ultrasound imaging offered the advantage of showing mobile hyperechogenic foci within the anechoic cystic structure, and the lesion was otherwise visualized on radiography as a nonspecific soft-tissue radiopacity. She was managed with complete surgical excision with pathologic evaluation demonstrating, similar to the radiologic features, innumerable free-floating, 1-5 mm, smooth, nearly uniform spherical nodules of mature fat with widespread necrosis contained within a thick fibrous pseudocapsule. Follow-up imaging revealed no evidence of remaining or recurrent disease on postoperative follow-up MRI. The differential diagnosis includes lipoma with fat necrosis, lipoma variant, atypical lipomatous tumor, and a Morel-Lavallée lesion. There is overlap in the imaging features between fat necrosis and both benign and malignant adipocytic tumors, occasionally making this distinction based solely on imaging findings challenging. To our knowledge, this is the largest example of NCFN ever reported.
Orthokeratology is an alternative method to correct refractive errors using individually designed gas permeable (rigid) lenses worn overnight to temporarily modify the curvature of cornea. Modern orthokeratology technology uses highly permeable rigid lens material and dynamic reverse geometry designs to allow faster and more effective corneal reshaping. Acuity 200™ (fluoroxyfocon A) is a stable material with relatively higher oxygen permeability compared to other marketed gas permeable materials. The clinical effects of wearing contact lenses that limit oxygen supply have been extensively reported with potential complications related to hypoxia including corneal swelling, epithelial microcysts, limbal hyperemia, corneal vascularization, refractive error changes and corneal distortion. Given the significantly higher oxygen permeability characteristics of Acuity 200™ (fluoroxyfocon A) relative to currently FDA approved orthokeratology materials, the material is well-suited for overnight wear applications-such as orthokeratology, when the eye is subject to hypoxic conditions during sleep.

The objective of the clinical investigation (AVDR 2022-01) is to collect scientifically valid safety and effectiveness data on the Acuity 200™ (fluoroxyfocon A) Orthokeratology Contact Lens for Overnight Wear. The clinical performance data reported from the study is intended to be submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) in support of a new Premarket Application (PMA). The hypothesis is that the primary and secondary outcomes for safety and effectiveness are consistent with currently marketed devices approved by the FDA for overnight orthokeratology.
Descending control of nociception (DCN), a measure of efficiency of descending pain inhibition, can be assessed in animals by the combined application of test and conditioning noxious stimuli. Evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies indicates that this mechanism of pain control may differ between sexes and might be impaired in many chronic pain states. However, little is known about sex differences in DCN efficiency in models of acute and chronic orofacial pain. Herein, we first evaluated DCN responses in male and female rats by the applying formalin into the upper lip or capsaicin into the forepaw as the conditioning stimulus, followed by mechanical stimulation (Randall-Selitto) of the hind paw as the test stimulus. The same protocol (i.e., capsaicin in the forepaw followed by mechanical stimulation of the hind paw) was evaluated in male and female rats on day 3 after intraoral incision and on day 15 and 30 after chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION). Additionally, we assessed the effect of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist Norbinaltorphimine (nor-BNI) on DCN responses of female nerve-injured rats. This study shows that naïve female rats exhibit less efficient DCN compared to males. Postoperative pain did not alter DCN responses in female and male rats, but CCI-ION induced loss of DCN responses in females but not in males. Systemic pretreatment with nor-BNI prevented the loss of DCN induced by CCI-ION in female rats. The results reveal sex differences in DCN responses and female-specific impairment of DCN following chronic orofacial pain. Moreover, the findings suggest that, at least for females, blocking KOR could be a promising therapeutic approach to prevent maladaptive changes in chronic orofacial pain.
AIM: To investigate growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) levels in response to antiobesity medications, namely, liraglutide (Lira) and naltrexone/bupropion (N/B), in individuals with overweight or obesity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, non-randomized clinical trial with a two-arm, parallel design. A total of 42 individuals with overweight or obesity without type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled. The participants received either Lira 3 mg or N/B 32/360 mg, along with diet and exercise, according to comorbidities, cost and method of administration. Participants underwent clinical and laboratory measurements at baseline, as well as at the 3- and 6-month time points. Anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis via bioelectrical impendence analysis were performed. Total blood samples for GDF-15 and H-specific GDF-15 were collected in the fasting state and every 30 min for 3 h after the consumption of a standardized mixed meal.
RESULTS: Overall, participants' weight was reduced by 9.29 ± 5.34 kg at Month 3 and 11.52 ± 7.52 kg at Month 6. Total and H-specific GDF-15 levels did not show significant changes during the mixed meal compared to values before the meal when all participants were examined at baseline, and at 3 and 6 month follow-ups. No statistical significance was found when participants were examined by subgroup (Lira vs. N/B). No significant differences between treatment groups in postprandial area under the curve (AUC) or incremental AUC values were found at baseline or in the follow-up months with regard to total and H-specific GDF-15 levels.
CONCLUSION: Neither total nor H-specific GDF-15 levels are affected by Lira or N/B treatment in patients with overweight or obesity.