anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Although outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy have improved, it remains a procedure with a high perioperative complication rate. Surgical site infection is one of the most common complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy. In a retrospective review of all patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at Johns Hopkins between 9/2011 and 8/2014, a total of 679 patients, 30-day surgical site infection was observed in 16.7%. By univariate analysis, perioperative blood transfusion, operative time greater than 7 hours, preoperative chemotherapy and/or radiation, bile stent, absence of a superficial wound vacuum closure device, and vascular resection were associated with surgical site infection (all, p\<0.05). On multivariable analysis, pre-operative bile stent/drain and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were independent predictors of surgical site infection (all, p\<0.001). Studies in colorectal patients have found an estimated cost of up to $1400 per patient secondary to prolonged hospitalization, wound care, and wound complications in patients with procedures complicated by a surgical site infection. Furthermore, in another study of 1144 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy between 1995 and 2011 at Johns Hopkins Hospital, post-operative complications delayed time to adjuvant therapy, decreased median survival.

The hypothesis of the investigator(s) is that placement of Prevena Peel \& Place Dressing using the standard Acelity vacuum dressing after suture on patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy at highest risk of infection will result in a significant decrease in surgical site infection rate. The investigator(s) plan to perform a randomized control trial where the patients who have had pre-operative bile stent/drain placement and/or neoadjuvant chemotherapy will undergo closure with Prevena Peel \& Place Dressing using the standard Acelity vacuum dressing after suture versus standard closure. The investigator(s) will then follow the participant(s) for 30 days postoperatively to determine surgical site infection and other perioperative complication rate.
Patients should be informed of the potential risks and advantages of glipizide and of alternative modes of therapy. They should also be informed about the importance of adhering to dietary instructions, of a regular exercise program, and of regular testing of urine and/or blood glucose.

The risks of hypoglycemia, its symptoms and treatment, and conditions that predispose to its development should be explained to patients and responsible family members. Primary and secondary failure should also be explained.   
  
Physician Counseling Information for Patients   
In initiating treatment for type 2 diabetes, diet should be emphasized as the primary form of treatment. Caloric restriction and weight loss are essential in the obese diabetic patient. Proper dietary management alone may be effective in controlling the blood glucose and symptoms of hyperglycemia. The importance of regular physical activity should also be stressed, and cardiovascular risk factors should be identified and corrective measures taken where possible. Use of glipizide or other antidiabetic medications must be viewed by both the physician and patient as a treatment in addition to diet and not as a substitution or as a convenient mechanism for avoiding dietary restraint. Furthermore, loss of blood glucose control on diet alone may be transient, thus requiring only short-term administration of glipizide tablets or other antidiabetic medications. Maintenance or discontinuation of glipizide tablets or other antidiabetic medications should be based on clinical judgment using regular clinical and laboratory evaluations.
The present invention is related to an injectable gingival retraction material composition containing broom fiber. The formula of the gingival retraction material is related to utilize a thickening characteristic of the broom fiber to combine with excipients like corrective, pigment and kaolin used for filling, which makes it become a paste material with its viscosity ranging from 31x10<6> to 71x10<6> cP. It is capable of being filled into gum ditches of patients by means of injection. Relying on the viscosity of the material, physical action can be provided to appropriately expand patients' gum ditches. It concurrently has functions of controlling the tissue fluid of gum ditches and stopping bleeding. It can keep gum ditches dry, which is convenient for follow-up die operation to obtain an intact reconstructed model with ground edge, thus assuring the manufacturing precision of an artificial tooth.
BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine whether and how the combination of acetazolamide and remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) reduced the incidence and severity of acute mountain sickness (AMS).
METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) study involving 250 healthy volunteers. Participants were randomized (1:1:1:1:1) to following five groups: Ripc (RIPC twice daily, 6 days), Rapid-Ripc (RIPC four times daily, 3 days), Acetazolamide (twice daily, 2 days), Combined (Acetazolamide plus Rapid-Ripc), and Control group. After interventions, participants entered a normobaric hypoxic chamber (equivalent to 4000 m) and stayed for 6 h. The primary outcomes included the incidence and severity of AMS, and SpO2 after hypoxic exposure. Secondary outcomes included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate after hypoxic exposure. The mechanisms of the combined regime were investigated through exploratory outcomes, including analysis of venous blood gas, complete blood count, human cytokine antibody array, ELISA validation for PDGF-AB, and detection of PDGF gene polymorphisms.
RESULTS: The combination of acetazolamide and RIPC exhibited powerful efficacy in preventing AMS, reducing the incidence of AMS from 26.0 to 6.0% (Combined vs Control: RR 0.23, 95% CI 0.07-0.70, P = 0.006), without significantly increasing the incidence of adverse reactions. Combined group also showed the lowest AMS score (0.92 ± 1.10). Mechanistically, acetazolamide induced a mild metabolic acidosis (pH 7.30 ~ 7.31; HCO3- 18.1 ~ 20.8 mmol/L) and improved SpO2 (89 ~ 91%) following hypoxic exposure. Additionally, thirty differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to immune-inflammatory process were identified after hypoxia, among which PDGF-AB was involved. Further validation of PDGF-AB in all individuals showed that both acetazolamide and RIPC downregulated PDGF-AB before hypoxic exposure, suggesting a possible protective mechanism. Furthermore, genetic analyses demonstrated that individuals carrying the PDGFA rs2070958 C allele, rs9690350 G allele, or rs1800814 G allele did not display a decrease in PDGF-AB levels after interventions, and were associated with a higher risk of AMS.
CONCLUSIONS: The combination of acetazolamide and RIPC exerts a powerful anti-hypoxic effect and represents an innovative and promising strategy for rapid ascent to high altitudes. Acetazolamide improves oxygen saturation. RIPC further aids acetazolamide, which synergistically regulates PDGF-AB, potentially involved in the pathogenesis of AMS.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05023941.
BACKGROUND: The trend of increasing caesarean section (CS) rates brings up questions related to subfertility. Research regarding the influence of CS on assisted reproduction techniques (ART) is conflicting. A potential mechanism behind CS-induced subfertility is intra uterine fluid resulting from a caesarean scar defect or niche. The vaginal microbiome has been repeatedly connected to negative ART outcomes, but it is unknown if the microbiome is changed in relation to a niche.
METHODS: This systematic review describes literature investigating the effect of a niche on live birth rates after assisted reproduction. Furthermore, studies investigating a difference in microbial composition in subfertile persons with a niche compared to no niche are evaluated. Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science were searched on March 2023 for comparative studies on both study questions. Inclusion criteria were i.e., English language, human-only studies, availability of the full article and presence of comparative pregnancy data on a niche. The quality of the included studies and their risk of bias were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies. The results were graphically displayed in a forest plot.
RESULTS: Six retrospective cohort studies could be included on fertility outcomes, with a total of 1083 persons with a niche and 3987 without a niche. The overall direction of effect shows a negative impact of a niche on the live birth rate (pooled aOR 0.58, 95% CI 0.48-0.69) with low-grade evidence. Three studies comparing the microbiome between persons with and without a CS could be identified.
CONCLUSION: There is low-grade evidence to conclude that the presence of a niche reduces live birth rates when compared to persons without a niche. The theory that a caesarean has a negative impact on pregnancy outcomes because of dysbiosis promoted by the niche is interesting, but there is no sufficient literature about this.
The senescence process is associated with accumulated oxidative damage and increased metal concentration in the heart and brain. Besides, abnormal metal-protein interactions have also been linked with the development of several conditions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Over the years we have described a series of structure-related compounds with different activities towards models of such diseases. In this work, we evaluated the potential of three N-acylhydrazones (INHHQ: 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone, HPCIH: pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone and X1INH: 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone) to prevent oxidative stress in cellular models, with the dual intent of being active on this pathway and also to confirm their lack of cardiotoxicity as an important step in the drug development process, especially considering that the target population often presents cardiovascular comorbidity. The 8-hydroxyquinoline-contaning compound, INHHQ, exhibits a significant cardioprotective effect against hydrogen peroxide and a robust antioxidant activity. However, this compound is the most toxic to the studied cell models and seems to induce oxidative damage on its own. Interestingly, although not possessing a phenol group in its structure, the new-generation 1-methylimidazole derivative X1INH showed a cardioprotective tendency towards H9c2 cells, demonstrating the importance of attaining a compromise between activity and intrinsic cytotoxicity when developing a drug candidate.
The impact of alcoholism can be reduced through effective treatments, which may include medical, psychological, and social interventions. The main goals of alcohol-dependence treatment are to assist patients in avoiding alcohol, developing better strategies for managing stress, and improving self-esteem and quality of life. Studies have demonstrated that treatments for alcohol use disorders can be effective, but their effectiveness is often limited. Although the optimal goal of treatment should be total abstinence, even patients who are unable to achieve this goal may still benefit from treatments leading to a reduction in drinking. Medications are commonly used in other addictive disorders, such as nicotine and opioid dependence, suggesting that this intervention could be useful in the treatment of alcohol dependence. This is a randomized, double-blind, flexible dose study to determine if topiramate, a prescription medication approved by the Food \& Drug Administration for the treatment of epilepsy and the prevention of migraine, administered at a dose of 300mg per day or the subject's maximum tolerated dose, is safe and effective compared with placebo in patients with alcohol dependence. The study hypothesis is that topiramate will be more effective than placebo in reducing the percentage of heavy drinking days (5 or more standard drinks per day for men and 4 or more standard drinks per day for women) in patients with alcohol dependence. The patients will receive topiramate tablets (25mg and/or 100mg) or matching placebo. Study medication is taken in increasing doses starting at 25 mg/day up to 300 mg per day (or maximum tolerated dose) during the first 6 weeks and the achieved dose is maintained for an additional 8 weeks.
Baricitinib will be taken by mouth or via gastrostomy feeding tube or nasogastric tube as directed by the study doctor. Baricitinib will be dosed by patient age, weight range and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Dosing formulations in use in this study will include 1 mg and 2 mg tablets and will be used without splitting. Dispersion will be permitted to aid in swallowing.
The application relates to calculating an energy expenditure value from a device configured to be worn on an appendage of a user. The step count may be quantified, for example, by detecting arm swing peaks and bounce peaks in the movement data. A search range of acceleration frequencies associated with the expected activity may be established. The frequency of the acceleration data in the search range may be analyzed to identify one or more peaks, such as a rebound peak and an arm swing peak. The innovative systems and methods can determine whether to use arm swing data, rebound data, and/or other data or portions of data to quantify footsteps. The number of peaks (and the type of peaks) may be used to select the stride frequency and the stride. At least a portion of the movement data may be classified into an activity category based on the quantification of the footsteps.
BACKGROUND: Myocarditis substantially increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmia. Approximately 30% of all ventricular arrhythmia cases in patients with myocarditis originate from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). However, the role of NLRP3 signaling in RVOT arrhythmogenesis remains unclear.
METHODS: Rats with myosin peptide-induced myocarditis (experimental group) were treated with an NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950; 10 mg/kg, daily for 14 days) or left untreated. Then, they were subjected to electrocardiography and echocardiography. Ventricular tissue samples were collected from each rat's RVOT, right ventricular apex (RVA), and left ventricle (LV) and examined through conventional microelectrode and histopathologic analyses. In addition, whole-cell patch-clamp recording, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and Western blotting were performed to evaluate ionic currents, intracellular Ca2+ transients, and Ca2+-modulated protein expression in individual myocytes isolated from the RVOTs.
RESULTS: The LV ejection fraction was lower and premature ventricular contraction frequency was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (rats not exposed to myosin peptide). Myocarditis increased the infiltration of inflammatory cells into cardiac tissue and upregulated the expression of NLRP3; these observations were more prominent in the RVOT and RVA than in the LV. Furthermore, experimental rats treated with MCC950 (treatment group) improved their LV ejection fraction and reduced the frequency of premature ventricular contraction. Histopathological analysis revealed higher incidence of abnormal automaticity and pacing-induced ventricular tachycardia in the RVOTs of the experimental group than in those of the control and treatment groups. However, the incidences of these conditions in the RVA and LV were similar across the groups. The RVOT myocytes of the experimental group exhibited lower Ca2+ levels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, smaller intracellular Ca2+ transients, lower L-type Ca2+ currents, larger late Na+ currents, larger Na+-Ca2+ exchanger currents, higher reactive oxygen species levels, and higher Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II levels than did those of the control and treatment groups.
CONCLUSION: Myocarditis may increase the rate of RVOT arrhythmogenesis, possibly through electrical and structural remodeling. These changes may be mitigated by inhibiting NLRP3 signaling.
BACKGROUND: The commonest echocardiographic measurement, left ventricular ejection fraction, can not necessarily predict mortality of recipients following heart transplantation potentially due to afterload dependency. Afterload-independent left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) is alternatively recommended by the current guideline; however, pulmonary artery catheters are rarely inserted in organ donors in most jurisdictions. We propose a novel non-invasive echocardiographic parameter, Pressure-Strain Product (PSP), as a potential surrogate of catheter-based LVSWI. This study aimed to investigate if PSP could correlate with catheter-based LVSWI in an ovine model of brain stem death (BSD) donors. The association between PSP and myocardial mitochondrial function in the post-transplant hearts was also evaluated.
METHODS: Thirty-one female sheep (weight 47 ± 5 kg) were divided into two groups; BSD (n = 15), and sham neurologic injury (n = 16). Echocardiographic parameters including global circumferential strain (GCS) and global radial strain (GRS) and pulmonary artery catheter-based LVSWI were simultaneously measured at 8-timepoints during 24-h observation. PSP was calculated as a product of GCS or GRS, and mean arterial pressure for PSPcirc or PSPrad, respectively. Myocardial mitochondrial function was evaluated following 6-h observation after heart transplantation.
RESULTS: In BSD donor hearts, PSPcirc (n = 96, rho = .547, p < .001) showed the best correlation with LVSWI among other echocardiographic parameters. PSPcirc returned AUC of .825 to distinguish higher values of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial function (cut-off point; mean value of complex 1,2 O2 Flux) in post-transplant hearts, which was greater than other echocardiographic parameters.
CONCLUSIONS: PSPcirc could be used as a surrogate of catheter-based LVSWI reflecting mitochondrial function.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of 14-3-3β in acute asthma exacerbations in children and analyze the risk factors for asthma exacerbations.
METHODS: This study recruited 101 children with acute asthma exacerbations, 101 children with stable asthma, and 65 healthy children. Serum 14-3-3β was compared among the three groups. Factors such as asthma family history, skin prick test, serum-specific IgE test, coinfections, and clinical indicators (FeNO, FEV1, white blood cells, eosinophils, and serum IgE level) were compared between the asthma groups. Risk factors associated with acute asthma exacerbations were identified using multivariate logistic regression models. ROC curve was drawn to determine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 14-3-3β.
RESULTS: Serum 14-3-3β was significantly greater in the acute asthma group than in the stable asthma and control groups. Serum 14-3-3β was higher in severe acute asthma group than in mild-moderate asthma group. There were no significant differences in serum 14-3-3β levels between stable asthma and control groups (p > .05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that serum 14-3-3β level, FeNO, coinfection, and FEV1 z-score significantly increased the odds of acute asthma exacerbations in children. The optimal 14-3-3β cutoff value (39.79 ng/mL), had a sensitivity of 69.3% and specificity of 94.1% for predicting acute asthma exacerbations.
CONCLUSIONS: 14-3-3β is elevated in children with acute exacerbations of asthma, and increases with exacerbation severity. 14-3-3β, FeNO, FEV1, and coinfection could be independent risk factors for predicting asthma exacerbations. The optimal 14-3-3β cutoff value for predicting asthma exacerbations was 39.79 ng/mL.
During Part A, a cohort of subjects received a single dose of GSK2118436 alone (Day 1) and then repeat doses of GSK1120212 for (Day 2 through Day 15). The dose regimen of GSK1120212 were continuous dosing. A second single dose of GSK2118436 was administered on Day 15 concomitantly with GSK1120212. Day 16 through Day 28 was a washout period, during which no study medication was administered. Starting on Day 29, subjects who elected to continue participation in the study were doses with GSK2118436. The dose of GSK2118436 after Day 29 might be altered based on emerging data from the first-time-in human study BRF112680. The dose might be increased to a dose level that has been completed and determined to be less than or equal to the maximum tolerated dose in that study.

Part B of the study enrolled cohorts in escalating doses to identify a set of allowable doses to be expanded in Part C. Subjects were enrolled in a 3+3 cohort design, with provisional dose levels of both drugs. The decision regarding escalation to the next dose levels of GSK1120212 and GSK2118436 was further guided by a Bayesian logistic regression model. The first cohort started at low doses for both drugs. Doses up to 300 mg/day for GSK2118436 and up to 3 mg QD for GSK1120212 were studied. The starting dose might be lowered based on emerging data from other studies and from Part A.

Expansion cohorts enrolled in Part C at dose levels of GSK2118436 and GSK1120212 as defined in Part B. One of the selected doses might include GSK2118436 administered as monotherapy at a tolerable dose (less than or equal to the maximum tolerated dose) determined in BRF112680. Part C was a randomized open-label Phase II portion of the study, and consisted of expansion cohorts investigating 2 to 3 dose levels of GSK2118436 and GSK1120212 dosing in combination, and GSK2118436 administered as monotherapy. Subjects were assigned to treatment arms in a randomized fashion to compare tolerability and safety. Population PK parameters, clinical activity, durability of response and safety of GSK2118436 and GSK1120212 dosed orally in combination and GSK2118436 as monotherapy were evaluated.

Part D consisted of evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of GSK2118436 HPMC capsules administered as monotherapy and in combination with GSK1120212. Pharmacokinetics of GSK2118436 was assessed following a single dose on Day 1 and after repeat dosing (Day 21) and compared between combination and monotherapy. The pharmacokinetics of GSK1120212 was also be assessed. Safety, tolerability and clinical activity were evaluated in 4 dosing cohorts. These cohorts might be expanded for additional safety data. Subjects were randomized to different cohorts.
The present invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating postpartum fever due to deficiency of blood, which takes more than 10 Chinese herbal medicines of roasted membranous milkvetch root, Chinese wolfberry root-bark, heterophylly falsestarwort root, tree peony bark etc. as the raw materials. The invention has the effects of replenishing qi and blood, nourishing yin and clearing heat. Based on the differential treatment of the traditional Chinese medicine, the invention is developed by combining the latest scientific research results with the traditional Chinese medicine. The present invention aims at providing the traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating postpartum fever due to deficiency of blood. The present invention is characterized by accurate efficacy, safety, convenience, no toxicity or side effects and low price.