anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Radiation cytogenetics has a rich history seldom appreciated by those outside the field. Early radiobiology was dominated by physics and biophysical concepts that borrowed heavily from the study of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations. From such studies, quantitative relationships between biological effect and changes in absorbed dose, dose rate and ionization density were codified into key concepts of radiobiological theory that have persisted for nearly a century. This review aims to provide a historical perspective of some of these concepts, including evidence supporting the contention that chromosome aberrations underlie development of many, if not most, of the biological effects of concern for humans exposed to ionizing radiations including cancer induction, on the one hand, and tumor eradication on the other. The significance of discoveries originating from these studies has widened and extended far beyond their original scope. Chromosome structural rearrangements viewed in mitotic cells were first attributed to the production of breaks by the radiations during interphase, followed by the rejoining or mis-rejoining among ends of other nearby breaks. These relatively modest beginnings eventually led to the discovery and characterization of DNA repair of double-strand breaks by non-homologous end joining, whose importance to various biological processes is now widely appreciated. Two examples, among many, are V(D)J recombination and speciation. Rapid technological advancements in cytogenetics, the burgeoning fields of molecular radiobiology and third-generation sequencing served as a point of confluence between the old and new. As a result, the emergent field of "cytogenomics" now becomes uniquely positioned for the purpose of more fully understanding mechanisms underlying the biological effects of ionizing radiation exposure.
We are applying Behavioral Economics (BE)-based messaging and presentation strategies to patient recruitment and determining whether these strategies may enhance patient recruitment into a pediatric randomized clinical trial. Phase 2 will focus on patients that would be enrolled into the control arm of a clinical trial with a control intervention, Manage My Pain application.
The invention relates to near-infrared/reduction double-sensitive polymer drug nanoparticles for biological imaging and combined chemotherapy. The invention develops a multifunctional nanometer drug PVPt @ Cy NPs based on Pt (IV) technical material to realize synchronous chemotherapy/PDT/PTT and combine anticancer therapy with biological imaging. To construct PVPt @ Cy NPs, amphiphilic pt (iv) -based polymer prodrugs PVPt were synthesized by simple single-site coupling reactions, and then photothermal agents (HOCyOH, Cy) were encapsulated by hydrophobic interaction-induced self-assembly. These NPs decompose under acidic, reductive conditions and near-infrared irradiation, with concomitant photothermal conversion and the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). In addition, PVPt @ Cy NPs show stronger in-vitro anti-cancer capability under the irradiation of light at 808 nm. In addition, PVPt @ Cy NPs showed strong near-infrared fluorescence and photothermography in H22 tumor mice, allowing detection of tumor sites and monitoring of drug biodistribution. Thus, PVPt @ Cy NPs show great potential in combination chemotherapy-phototherapy.
N2O-condition participants will inhale an initial mixture of 10% N2O in oxygen (O2) for 5 minutes, followed by 25% N2O in O2 for 20 minutes. N2O-condition participants will also receive 5ml intravenous saline concomitantly with 10% N2O, and again with 25% N2O.
In this arm, subjects will consume noodles made with 0% okra seed. This serves as a control arm for the study.
An improved barrier or drug delivery system which is highly adherent to the surface to which it is applied is disclosed, along with methods for making the barrier. In the preferred embodiment, tissue is stained with a photoinitiator, then the polymer solution or gel having added thereto a defined amount of the same or a different photoinitator is applied to the tissue. On exposure to light, the resulting system polymerizes at the surface, giving excellent adherence, and also forms a gel in the rest of the applied volume. Thus a gel barrier of arbitrary thickness can be applied to a surface while maintaining high adherence at the interface. This process is referred to herein as "priming". The polymerizable barrier materials are highly useful for sealing tissue surfaces and junctions against leaks of fluids. In another embodiment, "priming" can be used to reliably adhere preformed barriers to tissue or other surfaces, or to adhere tissue surfaces to each other. A first surface and a barrier, or another surface, are prestained with initiator, and a thin layer of gellable monomer containing initiator is placed between them. Strong adhesion is obtained between the two surfaces on gelation of the monomer. In a similar fashion, tissue surfaces can be adhered to each other in repair of wounds and formation of anastomoses. Methods for use of non-photochemical systems and combined chemical/photochemical systems are described.
A method of charging a container for use in a medication delivery apparatus wherein the propellant used comprises 1, 1-difluoroethane (R-152a). The method includes the steps of (a) purging the container with a (hydro)halocarbon fluid; (b) introducing an active pharmaceutical ingredient into the container; (c) sealing the container; and (d) introducing into the container a propellant comprising 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a). Another given method includes a step of partially evacuating the container. The fluid maybe entirely a mixture of two hydrofluoroalkanes from R-134a, R-152a, and R227ea. Alternatively the fluid may be a hydrofluoroolefin, preferably hydrofluoropropene R-1234ze. The method may include the step of submerging the container in a liquid. The active may be a corticosteroid, a beta-2-antagonist, a muscarinic antagonist, a cannabinoid, an opioid, cromoglicate, or nicotine. The container may be a pressurised aerosol cannister for use with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI).
Sham rTMS will be administered by applying a 30mm thick piece of wood or plastic to a real TMS coil during "stimulation", and this additional element will be constructed in such a way that it appears to be an integral part of the apparatus such that the patient remains unaware that they are not receiving stimulation. This 30 mm distance is adequate to ensure that the magnetic pulse does not reach the cortex.
Wildtype and mice lacking the gene encoding PKCI/HINT 1 (PKC-/-) were used to assess the involvement of PKCI/HINT1 in regulating basal locomotor activity and the behavioral activating effects of the psychostimulant, amphetamine. PKCl-/- mice displayed low level of spontaneous locomotion relative to WT littermates. Acute administration of amphetamine significantly increased locomotor activity in WT mice; an effect that was enhanced in PKCl-/- mice. Microdialysis studies revealed no alteration in basal DA dynamics in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of KO mice. Similarly, the ability of acute amphetamine to increase DA levels in these brain regions was unaltered. However, a dopamine receptor agonist, apomorphine (10mg/kg), was able to induce a significantly higher locomotor activity in PKCI-/- mice as compared with WT, suggesting there may be a dopaminergic functional change at the postsynaptic site. Our results also revealed that PKCI KO mice showed a less depression and anxiety trait than their litter mate controls (WT), which indicate that PKCI could also play a role in regulating the emotion states of brain. Together, these results indicated that PKCI/HINT1 may have a suppressive role in normal DA neurotransmission, and may also play an important role for the action of psychostimulants in schizophrenia.
Affective states like acute stress can influence cognition, i.e., memory processes. Physiologically, acute stress elicits an array of autonomic and endocrine responses, including a fast release of norepinephrine from the locus coeruleus noradrenergic (LC NA) system. Compelling evidence shows that in healthy humans, stimulation of the noradrenergic system increases memory performance whereas noradrenergic blockade reduces memory performance. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that manipulations of the noradrenergic system affects responsiveness and connectivity within networks that are important for autonomic-neuroendocrine control and temporal and spatial attention orientation. So far, no study investigated the neural underpinnings of memory processes after a pharmacologically induced noradrenergic blockade. The aim of the proposed project is to combine precise pharmacological manipulation of the noradrenergic system with behavioral modeling of distinct memory processes, and fMRI methods to study the effect of a pharmacologically induced blockade of the noradrenergic system on two distinct memory processes. Behaviorally, the investigators will focus on the effect of the noradrenergic blockade on working memory performance, and recognition memory. Participants are randomly assigned to one of two groups: (A) clonidine, or (B) placebo.
INTRODUCTION: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs in up to 26% of patients older than 60 years 1 week after non-cardiac surgery. Intraoperative beach chair positioning (BCP) is advantageous for some types of shoulder surgery. However, this kind of positioning leads to a downward bound redistribution of blood volume, with possible hypoperfusion of the brain. We hypothesized that patients > 60 years undergoing orthopaedic shoulder surgery in a BCP might experience more POCD than patients operated in the supine position (SP).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A single-centre, prospective observational trial of 114 orthopaedic patients was performed. Study groups were established according to the type of intraoperative positioning. Anaesthesiological management was carried out similarly in both groups, including types of anaesthetics and blood pressure levels. POCD was evaluated using the Trail Making Test, the Letter-Number Span and the Regensburger Word Fluency Test. The frequency of POCD 1 week after surgery was considered primary outcome.
RESULTS: Baseline characteristics, including duration of surgery, were comparable in both groups. POCD after 1 week occurred in 10.5% of SP patients and in 21.1% of BCP patients (p = 0.123; hazard ratio 2.0 (CI 95% 0.794-5.038)). After 4 weeks, the incidence of POCD decreased (SP: 8.8% vs. BCP: 5.3%; p = 0.463). 12/18 patients with POCD showed changes in their Word Fluency Tests. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) values were not lower in patients with POCD compared to those without POCD (54% (50/61) vs. 57% (51/61); p = 0.671).
CONCLUSION: POCD at 1 week after surgery tended to occur more often in patients operated in beach chair position compared to patients in supine position without being statistically significant.
Dopamine receptor antagonists are commonly prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia and psychosis. While they are effective antipsychotics, they fail to treat other aspects of the disorder (e.g. negative symptoms, attention, and concentration) and have severe side effects, ranging from parkinsonism, acute motor side effects, akasthisia, dysphoria, and tardive dyskinesia. Dopamine agonist drug treatments are effective in treating both positive and negative symptoms without the common side effects. Unfortunately, dopamine agonists suffer from efficacy tolerance, the time limited effect on the order of 1-7 days. Thus, despite the partial effectiveness of current treatments, pressing need exists for new treatments. The combination drug therapy described herein meets this need. Specifically, the invention involves the use of small doses of dopamine receptor antagonists to reduce the intrinsic activity of a partial agonist, thereby reversing the agonist-induced tolerance commonly reported with agonist therapy alone.
Receptor killer cell lectin-like receptor G1(KLRG1) is expressed on T cells and NK cells, and KLRG1 binds to ligands on epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The ligands of KLRG1 have been described as E-cadherin, N-cadherin and R-cadherin. The present disclosure relates to and results from the exploration and characterization of antibodies that bind to the extracellular domain (ECD) of KLRG1, but do not interfere with its interaction with the ligands E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and R-cadherin. The antibodies have been obtained by the mouse hybridoma technique and can be humanized by grafting Complementary Determining Regions (CDRs) of the antibodies into human frameworks. The antibodies are useful as effective therapeutic agents. Various antibodies or antigen-binding fragments of such antibodies are provided in the present disclosure, as well as various therapeutic and/or diagnostic methods and other features.
This invention relates to novel substituted imidazopyridine dervatives having the following formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt: wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from hydrogen; straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 15 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms; substituted cycloalkyl which can be substituted one or more by alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; bicycloalkyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms in each ring; heterocyclicalkyl having 4 to 8 carbon atoms which can be optionally substituted by alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; heteroaromatic having 5 or 6 carbon atoms which can be optionally substituted by alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; phenyl; substituted phenyl which can be substituted one or more by a group independently selected from alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or halogen; straight or branched alkenyl having 3 to 15 carbon atoms with the proviso that the double bond of the alkenyl group cannot be adjacent to the nitrogen; cycloalkenyl having 5 to 8 carbon atoms with the proviso that the double bond cannot be adjacent to the nitrogen; R1 and R2 cannot both be hydrogen Y is phenyl or phenyl substituted once or more than at one or more of the 2, 3, 5 or 6 position of the phenyl ring by substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy wherein the alkyl is 1 to 6 carbon atoms; halogen wherein the halogen is selected from bromo, fluoro, or chloro; straight or branched chain alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; substituted straight or branched chain alkyl which can be substituted one or more by halogen; thioalkyl wherein the alkyl is 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkoxyalkyl wherein the alkyl groups are each 1 to 6 carbon atoms; hydroxyalkyl wherein the alkyl is 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylthioalkyl wherein the alkyl group are each 1 to 6 carbon atoms; cyano; mercaptoalkyl wherein the alkyl is 1 to 6 carbon atoms; hydroxy; amino; alkylamino wherein the alkyl group are each 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and dialkylamino wherein the alkyl group are each 1 to 6 carbon atoms. n is an integer of 1 to 5. R3 is a group substituted at one or more of the 4, 6, or 7 positions of the pyridine ring said group being independently selected from hydrogen; alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; halogen wherein the halogen is selected from bromo, fluoro or chloro; alkoxy wherein the alkyl is 1 to 6 carbon atoms. R4 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms. useful in the treatment of diseases or disorders mediated by platelet-activating factor. This invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions of such substituted imidazopyridines.
A cost-effective and care appropriate algorithm to streamline the diagnosis and management of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) has not been described. It is postulated that the incompetence of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) to restrict passage of esophageal refluxate is fundamental to the development of LPR. The UES Assist Device (UESAD) is a novel device that applies relatively modest external cricoid pressure, which results in a 20 to 30 mmHg intraluminal UES pressure increase. Pepsin, a proteolytic enzyme produced in the stomach, has been detected in the laryngeal epithelium of patients with reflux associated laryngeal symptoms and implicated in the pathogenesis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. A study examining salivary pepsin levels for patients pre- and post-fundoplication for LPR found that all patients with positive preoperative pepsin levels and postoperative elimination had symptom improvement, suggesting that changes in pepsin level may be reflective of surgical responsiveness. This study seeks to explore the therapeutic role of the UESAD in patients with LPR symptoms, and measure its effectiveness by objective criteria (salivary pepsin) and symptomatic improvement. In this study, 25 patients seen in GI clinic with laryngeal complaints will complete validated symptom questionnaires - the RSI, GerdQ and N-GSSIQ scores. Those with an RSI \> 13 and GerdQ \> 8 will be included. They will submit 3 baseline sputum samples for pepsin analysis, taken upon awaking. They will then be advised to use the UESAD nightly for 2 weeks. 3 follow-up sputum samples for pepsin analysis will be taken and symptom scores reevaluated after the 2 week period.
A radiology workstation (14) used to interpret a radiology examination (48) includes a display (20, 22), a user input device (24, 26, 28), and an electronic processor (12, 16). A radiology image of the radiology examination is displayed on the display. A radiology report is entered. An imaged anatomical region (54) is determined from the stored radiology examination. An examination basis medical condition is identified from the reason for examination (52). At least one additional medical condition is determined based on information on the patient retrieved from one or more medical databases (10, 44, 46) and is classified as reviewable or not reviewable based on the imaging modality (50) and the imaged anatomical region. An attention list (40) is created with items directed to the examination basis medical condition and to each reviewable additional medical condition. A representation (42) of the attention list is displayed on the display.
Aliphatic compounds of high molecular weight are saturated with oxygen to form a solution of the gas, which is yielded up in use. Higher fatty alcohols, fats, and oils are treated in molten, emulsified or dissolved condition and the products used as bases for ointments or salves.  Example, a mixture of stearin, cetyl alcohol and oil from petroleum jelly, is emulsified with turkey red oil, triethanolamine or an alcohol sulphonate.  The emulsion is mixed with manganese dioxide and hydrogen peroxide whereby oxygen is liberated and dissolves in the emulsion.  The emulsion may first be rendered alkaline.  After cooling a salve is obtained.  The fatty mixture to be treated may first be melted in a closed vessel under low pressure to remove dissolved gases, and then the vessel connected with an oxygen bottle, whereby oxygen dissolves under a pressure of about 5 atmospheres.  The product may be emulsified in water to form a cream.ALSO:A composition suitable as a base for ointments or salves, is made by saturating an aliphatic compound of high molecular weight with oxygen to form a solution of the gas, which is readily yielded up in use.  Higher fatty alcohols, fats and oils are treated in molten, dissolved or emulsified form.  Example, a mixture of stearin, cetyl alcohol, and oil from petroleum jelly, is emulsified with Turkey red oil, triethanolamine or an alcohol sulphonate.  The emulsion is mixed with hydrogen peroxide and manganese dioxide whereby oxygen is liberated and dissolves in the emulsion.  The emulsion may first be rendered alkaline.  After cooling a salve is obtained.  The fatty mixture to be treated may first be melted in a closed chamber under low pressure to remove dissolved gases, and then the chamber is connected to an oxygen bottle, whereby oxygen dissolves under a pressure of about 5 atmospheres.  The product may be emulsified in water to form a cream.
(See section titled ‘‘Gray Syndrome’’ under ADVERSE REACTIONS.) 

A total of 25 mg/kg/day in 4 equal doses at 6-hour intervals usually produces and maintains concentrations in blood and tissues adequate to control most infections for which the drug is indicated. Increased dosage in these individuals, demanded by severe infections, should be given only to maintain the blood concentration within a therapeutically effective range. After the first two weeks of life, full-term neonates ordinarily may receive up to a total of 50 mg/kg/day equally divided into 4 doses at 6-hour intervals. These dosage recommendations are extremely important because blood concentration in all premature and full-term neonates under two weeks of age differs from that of other infant neonates. This difference is due to variations in the maturity of the metabolic functions of the liver and the kidneys. 

When these functions are immature (or seriously impaired in adults), high concentrations of the drug are found which tend to increase with succeeding doses.
Topical compositions for use in the control of sexually transmitted diseases (for example HIV/AIDS) are provided. The compositions include zinc compounds, for example zinc oxide. The zinc compounds are non water-soluble or sparingly water soluble and may be present in amounts between 25% and 50% by weight of the compositions. In selected embodiments of the invention, from 1% to 60% inclusive by weight of the compositions comprises zinc compounds having a particle size not exceeding 100 nanometers. The compositions further include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers within which the zinc compounds are dispersed. A method of manufacturing a topical composition for prophylaxis against sexually transmitted diseases is also provided, the method including heating a carrier to a liquid form and mixing with it a zinc compound as described above. Also described are mechanical contraceptive devices, for example condoms, coated with topical compositions according to the invention.
OBJECTIVES: Obstetric fistula is a devastating childbirth injury primarily caused by prolonged, obstructed labour. It leaves women incontinent, severely stigmatised and isolated. Fistula repair surgery can restore a woman's health and well-being. Fistula Foundation, a non-profit organisation, works in partnership with local hospitals and community organisations in Africa and Asia to address key barriers to treatment and to increase the number of women receiving surgical care. This paper presents data on fistula and fistula repair surgery across a large global network of hospitals supported by Fistula Foundation. The data were collected between 2019 and 2021.
DESIGN: Multicentre, retrospective, observational, descriptive study.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The study analysed deidentified data from 24 568 surgical repairs supported by Fistula Foundation to treat women with obstetric fistula at 110 hospitals in 27 countries.
RESULTS: The data highlight patient characteristics and key trends and outcomes from obstetric fistula repair surgeries and related procedures. Of those surgeries, 87% resulted in a successful outcome (fistula dry and closed) at the time of discharge, highlighting the effectiveness of fistula repair in restoring continence and improving quality of life. Over the period studied, the number of supported surgeries increased by 14%, but there remains an urgent need to strengthen local surgical capacity and improve access to treatment. Women suffered an average of 5.7 years before they received surgery and only 4% of women sought care independently. This underscores the importance of enhancing community awareness and strengthening referral networks.
CONCLUSIONS: This research provides essential insight from a vast, global network of hospitals providing highly effective fistula repair surgery. Further investment is needed to strengthen surgical capacity, increase awareness of fistula and remove financial barriers to treatment if stakeholders are to make significant progress towards the United Nations' ambitious vision of ending fistula by 2030.