anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Emtricitabine: In long-term oral carcinogenicity studies of emtricitabine, no drug-related increases in tumor incidence were found in mice at doses up to 750 mg/kg/day (26 times the human systemic exposure at the therapeutic dose of 200 mg/day) or in rats at doses up to 600 mg/kg/day (31 times the human systemic exposure at the therapeutic dose).

Emtricitabine was not genotoxic in the reverse mutation bacterial test (Ames test), or the mouse lymphoma or mouse micronucleus assays.

Emtricitabine did not affect fertility in male rats at approximately 140-fold or in male and female mice at approximately 60-fold higher exposures (AUC) than in humans given the recommended 200 mg daily dose. Fertility was normal in the offspring of mice exposed daily from before birth (in utero) through sexual maturity at daily exposures (AUC) of approximately 60-fold higher than human exposures at the recommended 200 mg daily dose.

Tenofovir DF: Long-term oral carcinogenicity studies of tenofovir DF in mice and rats were carried out at exposures up to approximately 16 times (mice) and 5 times (rats) those observed in humans at the therapeutic dose for HIV-1 infection. At the high dose in female mice, liver adenomas were increased at exposures 16 times that in humans. In rats, the study was negative for carcinogenic findings at exposures up to 5 times that observed in humans at the therapeutic dose.

Tenofovir DF was mutagenic in the in vitro mouse lymphoma assay and negative in an in vitro bacterial mutagenicity test (Ames test). In an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay, tenofovir DF was negative when administered to male mice.

There were no effects on fertility, mating performance, or early embryonic development when tenofovir DF was administered to male rats at a dose equivalent to 10 times the human dose based on body surface area comparisons for 28 days prior to mating and to female rats for 15 days prior to mating through day 7 of gestation. There was, however, an alteration of the estrous cycle in female rats.

13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology

Tenofovir and tenofovir DF administered in toxicology studies to rats, dogs, and monkeys at exposures (based on AUCs) greater than or equal to 6-fold those observed in humans caused bone toxicity. In monkeys the bone toxicity was diagnosed as osteomalacia. Osteomalacia observed in monkeys appeared to be reversible upon dose reduction or discontinuation of tenofovir. In rats and dogs, the bone toxicity manifested as reduced bone mineral density. The mechanism(s) underlying bone toxicity is unknown.

Evidence of renal toxicity was noted in four animal species. Increases in serum creatinine, BUN, glycosuria, proteinuria, phosphaturia, and/or calciuria and decreases in serum phosphate were observed to varying degrees in these animals. These toxicities were noted at exposures (based on AUCs) 2–20 times higher than those observed in humans. The relationship of the renal abnormalities, particularly the phosphaturia, to the bone toxicity is not known.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable the enhancement of immune response to vaccine for domestic animal and man by using a specific adjuvant. SOLUTION: The adjuvant to be used in this process contains a glycopeptide GMDP (N-acetyl-glucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-Disoglutamine) and a colloidal solution of a solid lipid substance. The solid lipid substance is a biodecomposable substance containing a lipid having a melting point of >=37 deg.C. Examples of the substance are triglceride, lecithin, D,L-α-tocopheryl acetate, etc. A colloidal solution stable in the presence of emulsifier and dispersing agent is formed from the substance. The colloidal solution contains solid liquid particles having diameter of <0.2μm and is asepticized by filtration. The administration dose of glycopeptide is 10μg/kg-body weight. The adjuvant is effective for suppressing the formation of granuloma of gout, man, etc., by the synergistic interaction of GMDP and lipid.
BACKGROUND: The incidence of neonatal septic shock in low-income countries is 26.8% with a mortality rate of 35.4%. The evidence of the hemodynamic effects of noradrenaline in neonates remains sparse. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of noradrenaline in neonates with septic shock.
METHODS: This was a single-center prospective cohort study in a tertiary care hospital's level III neonatal intensive care unit. Neonates with septic shock and those who received noradrenaline as a first-line vasoactive agent were included. Clinical and hemodynamic parameters were recorded before and after one hour of noradrenaline infusion. The primary outcomes were: response at the end of one hour after starting noradrenaline infusion and mortality rate.
RESULTS: A total of 21 babies were analyzed. The cohort comprised 17 preterm neonates. The mean age of presentation with septic shock was 74.3 h. Resolution of shock at one hour after starting noradrenaline was achieved in 76.2% of cases. The median duration of hospital stay was 14 days. The mean blood pressure improved after the initiation of noradrenaline from 30.6 mm of Hg [standard deviation (SD) 6.1] to 37.8 mm of Hg (SD 8.22, p < 0.001). Fractional shortening improved after noradrenaline initiation from 29% (SD 13.5) to 45.1% (SD 21.1, p < 0.001). The mortality rate was 28.6% in our study.
CONCLUSION: Noradrenaline is a potential drug for use in neonatal septic shock, with improvement in mean blood pressure and fractional shortening; however, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings before it can be recommended as first-line therapy in neonatal septic shock.
Phase 2 (Intervention phase): The interventional phase will be six (6) months duration. During this period, the recorded time spent by the individual study participants at the patient's bedside will be compared to their respective peers, and percentile scores will be generated. Based on these percentile scores, the study participants will receive emails notifying them of the results. Participants whose scores fall in the lower 50th percentile will be encouraged to increase patient interaction times. Participants with scores in the top 50th percentile will receive congratulatory emails to encourage them to keep up the performance.
0.9% Sodium Chloride Irrigation USP is supplied sterile and nonpyrogenic in PIC™ (Plastic Irrigation Container). The 1000 mL and 500 mL containers are packaged 16 per case, the 2000 mL containers are packaged 8 per case, and the 4000 mL containers are packaged 4 per case.

Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. It is recommended that the product be stored at room temperature (25°C); however, brief exposure up to 40°C does not adversely affect the product.

Do not warm above 150°F (66°C).
The invention discloses a pharmaceutical cocrystal of tegafur and syringic acid and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of pharmaceutical cocrystals. The molecular formula of the pharmaceutical co-crystal is [ C ] 8 H 9 FN 2 O 3 ·C 9 H 10 O 5 ]The basic structural unit of the eutectic is formed by one Tegafur molecule and one syringic acid molecule. The pharmaceutical co-crystal belongs to monoclinic system and has space group of P 2 1 And/m. Taking tegafur and syringic acid as raw materials, and adding the raw materials according to a molar ratio of 1:1The stable pharmaceutical co-crystal is prepared in methanol by a solvent volatilization method and a cooling method respectively. The pharmaceutical co-crystal improves the physicochemical property of tegafur, and is beneficial to exerting the synergistic antitumor activity of syringic acid and tegafur. The pharmaceutical cocrystal can still maintain the skeleton structure of the crystal after being placed at room temperature for a long time, and the preparation method is simple and easy to implement, low in cost and convenient for large-scale production.
Clinical evidences such as Holter, Treadmill exercise test and cardiac ECT support myocardial ischemia. CAG showed 20%-70% arterial stenosis. Patients are diagnosed without diabetes.
Brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize its structure or function in response to experiences, learning, and environmental influences. This phenomenon is particularly significant in individuals with deafness, as the brain adapts to compensate for the lack of auditory stimulation. The aim of this study is to investigate whether cochlear implantation can restore a normal pattern of brain activation following auditory stimulation in cases of asymmetric hearing loss. We used a PET-scan technique to assess brain activity after cochlear implantation, specifically during an auditory voice/non-voice discrimination task. The results indicated a nearly normal pattern of brain activity during the auditory discrimination task, except for increased activation in areas related to attentional processes compared to controls. Additionally, brain activity at rest showed significant changes in implanted participants, including cross modal visuo-auditory processing. Therefore, cochlear implants can restore the brain's activation pattern through long-term adaptive adjustments in intrinsic brain activity.
The subject matter disclosed herein is generally directed to a novel CD8+ T cell subtype associated with suppressive or regulatory T cell functions. Moreover, the subject matter disclosed herein is generally directed to methods and compositions for use of the subtype. Also, disclosed herein are gene signatures and markers associated with the subtype and use of said signatures and markers. Further disclosed are therapeutic methods of using said gene signatures and immune cell subtype. Further disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising populations of CD8+ TILs depleted for a specific subtype. Further disclosed are interactions with other T cell subtypes.
The global prevalence of atrial fibrillation is rapidly increasing, in large part due to the aging of the population. Atrial fibrillation is known to increase the risk of thromboembolic stroke by 5 times, but it has been evident for decades that well-managed anticoagulation therapy can greatly attenuate this risk. Despite advances in pharmacology (such as the shift from vitamin K antagonists to direct oral anticoagulants) that have increased the safety and convenience of chronic oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation, a preponderance of recent observational data indicates that protection from stroke is poorly achieved on a population basis. This outcomes deficit is multifactorial in origin, stemming from a combination of underprescribing of anticoagulants (often as a result of bleeding concerns by prescribers), limitations of the drugs themselves (drug-drug interactions, bioaccumulation in renal insufficiency, short half-lives that result in lapses in therapeutic effect, etc), and suboptimal patient adherence that results from lack of understanding/education, polypharmacy, fear of bleeding, forgetfulness, and socioeconomic barriers, among other obstacles. Often this adherence is not reported to treating clinicians, further subverting efforts to optimize care. A multidisciplinary, interprofessional panel of clinicians met during the 2023 International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress to discuss these gaps in therapy, how they can be more readily recognized, and the potential for factor XI-directed anticoagulants to improve the safety and efficacy of stroke prevention. A full appreciation of this potential requires a reevaluation of traditional teaching about the "coagulation cascade" and decoupling the processes that result in (physiologic) hemostasis and (pathologic) thrombosis. The panel discussion is summarized and presented here.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide anti-inflammatory/analgesic design plasters solving the problem that there have been provided so far only such plasters as to furnish the surface of an entirely plain rectangular white or skin-colored substrate with an anti-inflammatory/analgesic plaster layer of similar color and laminate the surface of the anti-inflammatory/analgesic plaster layer with a transparent release film over many years' long.  <P>SOLUTION: In the various anti-inflammatory/analgesic design plasters 1 each having such a construction that the surface of a sheet-like substrate 2 is furnished with an anti-inflammatory/analgesic plaster layer 3 and the surface of the anti-inflammatory/analgesic plaster layer 3 is laminated with a release film 4, there are provided e.g. the following ones: (A1) The reverse face of the substrate 2 is represented with various patterns or the like 5 of various colors. (A2) Incisions 6 of contour design of such various patterns or the like 5 are made on the substrate 2 and the anti-inflammatory/analgesic plaster layer 3, and the patterns or the like 5 are peeled off along the incisions 6 while leaving the release film 4 intact. (A3) The anti-inflammatory/analgesic design plaster is formed in various colors and designs 7 in advance.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
The invention discloses a marine Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and a culturing method and application thereof. Marine Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B5 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain chenj-5) is isolated from sea mud, kelp, Enteromorpha, undaria pinnatifida, asparagus and laver in Lianyungang sea area. The strain is preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection on May 27, 2014, and has a preservation number of CCTCC NO:M 2014229. The gene sequence of the strain has been registered in NCBI on January 8, 2012, with registration number of JN859130.1. The strain has strong antagonism against aquatic disease bacteria Vibrio anguillarum. The fermentation products, fermentation broth extract and thalline extract have significant antimicrobial properties against Vibrio anguillarum. With the antagonistic properties to marine bacteria Vibrio anguillarum, the marine bacteria can be prepared into aquaculture probiotics and biological feed additives. With property of Vibrio anguillarum inhibition, the fermentation product of the bacteria and fermentation product extract can be used for the preparation of medicaments for controlling Vibrio anguillarum disease. The fermentation product of the bacteria has high heat tolerance.
Women who currently have or have had breast cancer should not use COCs because breast cancer is a hormonally-sensitive tumor.

There is substantial evidence that COCs do not increase the incidence of breast cancer. Although some past studies have suggested that COCs might increase the incidence of breast cancer, more recent studies have not confirmed such findings. 

Some studies suggest that COCs are associated with an increase in the risk of cervical cancer or intraepithelial neoplasia. However, there is controversy about the extent to which these findings may be due to differences in sexual behavior and other factors.

Endometrial biopsies performed in a subset of subjects in a Phase 3 Natazia clinical trial did not reveal any unexpected or concerning findings for subjects taking COCs. [See Adverse Reactions (6.1).]
The present disclosure generally pertains to methods of treating non-healing wounds. Specifically, the method includes injecting amnion fluid derived cells along the periphery of the wound. The wound is then treated with a placental membrane material including a plurality of slits for increasing the membranes capacity to expand. The slits produce a mesh-like pattern in the membrane material. The amniotic derived cells deliver to the wound electrolytes, growth factors, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, amino acids, lactate, pyruvate, enzymes, hormones and other factors useful in wound repair. The membrane material provides a scaffolding structure supporting cell growth, prevents microbial infection and decreases the rate of passive evaporative water and heat loss. The combination of the amniotic derived cells and the membrane material protects the wound and promotes cell regeneration.
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for post-operative urinary retention (POUR) following surgery for perineal tears, and to determine the time to normal voiding after POUR.
METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of women who underwent surgery for old (≥ 3 months) obstetric perineal tears from January 2022 to December 2023. The diagnosis of POUR was made in a woman who completely failed to void despite a full bladder or, one who had post-void residual (PVR) > 150 ml within 10 min of voiding. Return to normal voiding was considered if a patient with POUR had two consecutive PVRs of ≤ 150 ml. Descriptive analyses and multivariable logistic regression were performed to determine risk factors for POUR.
RESULTS: A total of 153 participants were enrolled in this study with a mean age of 35.9 (SD ± 10.8) years. The incidence of POUR was 19.6% (30/153, 95% CI 14.02-26.7), and the median time to normal voiding for these patients was 42.4 h (range 24-72). Risk factors for POUR included repeat perineal tear surgery (RR = 4.24; 95% CI 1.16-15.52; p = 0.029) and early urinary catheter removal (RR = 2.89; 95% CI 1.09-7.67; p = 0.033).
CONCLUSION: Post-operative urinary retention following surgery for perineal tears is common. The time to return to normal voiding in patients with POUR is short. Women having repeat perineal tear surgery and those in whom the urinary catheter is removed early were more likely to experience POUR. Delayed urinary catheter removal could be considered, especially in patients undergoing repeat perineal tear surgery.
Hairdressing compositions suitable for the treatment of dandruff comprise 0.1 to 1% by weight of said composition of a water-insoluble salt of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione dispersed in an opaque, oil-in-water emulsion having a yield value of 150-300 dynes/sq. cm., and both hydrophilic and hydrophobic character and comprising a stabilizer consisting of a salt of a carboxy vinyl copolymer. Examples of water-insoluble 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salts are Zn, Fe, Cu, Co and Mn; Zn being particularly preferable. The oil-in-water emulsion may comprise (1) an oil phase comprising 20 to 50% of hydrophobic fatty acid and oily hairdressing agents e.g. natural or synthetic animal, vegetable or mineral fats and oils, petrolatum, mineral oil, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, castor oil, lanolin wax and alkylene glycol fatty acid esters such as propylene or ethylene glycol monolaurate, (2) from 60-75% of an aqueous phase including 10 to 25% of water-soluble hairdressing agents e.g. glycerin or propylene glycol (binding agents and humectants) and polyalkylene glycol ethers such as polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol ethers, and (3) 2 to 7% of an emulsifying component e.g. potassium soaps of candellila wax and beeswax, polyoxy alkylene glycol esters such as polyoxy ethylene-poly oxypropylene stearate; all percentages being by weight of the composition.  Perfumes and preservatives may optionally be added to the composition.
Patients programmed for elective Shoulder arthroscopy surgery will receive a continuous intravenous infusion of Propofol. Infusion will be started after regional block (interscalene) being performed and will be continued to the end of wound closure. Infusion will be started at 2mg/Kg/h and modified to a maximum of 4 mg/Kg/h in order to achieve a bispectral index (BIS) between 60 and 90 and a Ramsay sedation score between two and four.
The problem of childhood obesity is a critical issue for the UAE. Findings of recent studies illustrate that nutritional interventions seeking to modify people's nutritional behavior and change their dietary habits have the potential to address this problem. This article reports the results of the study that was dedicated to the influence of the school-based nutritional educational intervention on fruit and vegetable intake, anthropometric measures, practice, attitude, self-efficacy, and knowledge scores of schoolchildren. The intervention was carried out among 9-13-year-old schoolchildren at public schools from Dubai and Sharjah (n=403). The sample included three groups, including the control group (n=114), Intervention Group 1 (n=148), and Intervention Group 2 (n=141). The control group was exposed to a conventional curriculum on healthy nutrition. Group 1 participated in the intervention involving children, and Group 2 participated in the intervention involving students, peers, and parents.
Patients randomized into the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) group in each arm will be interviewed by the physician on duty and invited to start autoCPAP treatment for 6 months. They will be offered a CPAP education package. Patients will then commence autoCPAP treatment for 6 months at home.
Participants will receive a single dose of test FDC tablet of VX-121/TEZ/D-IVA in dosing period 1, followed by a single dose of reference FDC tablet of VX-121/TEZ/D-IVA in dosing period 2. A washout period of 14 days will be maintained between the 2 dosing periods.
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a syndrome that is associated with both acute and chronic liver injury. It manifests as a wide spectrum of neuropsychological abnormalities, ranging from subtle impairments in executive higher functions observed in cirrhosis, through to coma in acute liver failure. In acute liver failure, the central role of ammonia in the development of brain oedema has remained undisputed for 130 years. It latterly became apparent that infection and inflammation were profound determinants for the development of severe hepatic encephalopathy, associated with the development of cerebral oedema and intracranial hypertension. The relationship of the development of hepatic encephalopathy with blood ammonia levels in cirrhosis is less clear cut and the synergistic interplay of inflammation and infection with ammonia has been identified as being fundamental in the development and progression of hepatic encephalopathy. A perturbed gut microbiome and the presence of an impaired gut epithelial barrier that facilitates translocation of bacteria and bacterial degradation products into the systemic circulation, inducing systemic inflammation and innate and adaptive immune dysfunction, has now become the focus of therapies that treat hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis, and may explain why the prebiotic lactulose and rifaximin are efficacious. This review summarises the current clinical perspective on the roles of inflammation and infection in hepatic encephalopathy and presents the evidence base for existing therapies and those in development in the setting of acute and chronic liver failure.