anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Surgical levels of anesthesia in adults may be maintained with concentrations of 2.5-8.5% Desflurane, USP, Liquid for Inhalation with or without the concomitant use of nitrous oxide. In children, surgical levels of anesthesia may be maintained with concentrations of 5.2-10% Desflurane, USP, Liquid for Inhalation with or without the concomitant use of nitrous oxide.

During the maintenance of anesthesia with inflow rates of 2 L/min or more, the alveolar concentration of Desflurane, USP, Liquid for Inhalation will usually be within 10% of the inspired concentration. [F A/F I, see Figure 2 in Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3)] 

During the maintenance of anesthesia, increasing concentrations of Desflurane, USP, Liquid for Inhalation produce dose-dependent decreases in blood pressure. Excessive decreases in blood pressure may be due to depth of anesthesia and in such instances may be corrected by decreasing the inspired concentration of Desflurane, USP, Liquid for Inhalation.

Concentrations of Desflurane, USP, Liquid for Inhalation exceeding 1 MAC may increase heart rate. Thus with this drug, an increased heart rate may not serve reliably as a sign of inadequate anesthesia.
The purpose of the protocol is to localize the neural regions and systems mediating the forms of knowledge representations hypothesized by the principal investigator to be stored in the human prefrontal cortex. Utilizing a variety of experimental neuropsychological tasks during functional MRI, we will investigate hypotheses regarding the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in planning, problem solving, economic exchange and reasoning; and the role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in social cognition and emotional processing. We will ascertain the relationship between so-called \[cold\] cognitive processes such as planning and \[hot\] social processes such as mate choice and specific brain regions within the prefrontal cortex. We will also attempt to determine the relationship between non-frontal neural structures involved in emotional expression, such as the amygdala, and those frontal neural structures involved in executive functions that may modulate emotion. In addition, we will attempt to determine the requirements for frontal-parietal versus frontal-temporal network involvement in spatial landmark tasks. The data that we collect in this protocol will be of value in identifying a set of neural regions and distributed networks mediating the forms of knowledge representation stored in the prefrontal cortex. These questions will be addressed over seven separate studies with healthy, normal adult volunteers. The studies will employ within- and between-subject, event-related fMRI designs. The data collected will consist of behavioral measures of cognitive and emotional performance/judgment and corresponding fMRI images.
1. Transdermal therapeutic system for application to the skin and/or mucosa consisting of at least one active substance in the form of a solid dispersion is combination with at least one destructuring agent and/or at least one structuring agent in a common matrix. 2. Transdermal therapeutic system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the solid dispersion is a molecular dispersion of the active substance in an inert carrier substance. 3. Transdermal therapeutic system according to Claim 2, characterized in that the inert carrier substance is selected from inert carriers known per se for solid dispersions, such as, for example, sucrose, lactose, succinic acid, polyethylene glycols, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, urea, mannitol, mannitose or mixtures thereof. 4. Transdermal thereapeutic system according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the destructuring agent is selected from the group of carboxamides such as urea, nicotinamide, succinamide, methylacetamide, ethylacetamide or mixtures thereof. 5. Transdermal therapeutic system according to Claim 4, characterized is that the relaxation time is more than 120 ms, preferably more than 150 ms. 6. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the structuring agent is selected from the group of polyols such as, for example, glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, from the group of sugar alcohols such as, for example, sorbitol and/or from the group of sugars such as, for example, sucrose or glucose or mixtures thereof. 7. Transdermal therapeutic system according to Claim 6, characterized in that the relaxation time is less than 119 ms, preferably less than 80 ms. 8. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio between destructuring agent and structuring agent is from 10:1 to 1:10. 9. Transdermal therapeutic system according to Claim 8, characterized in that the ratio between destructuring agent and structuring agent is from 2:1 to 1:2. 10. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the active substance is selected from hormones, immunomodulators, immunosuppressants. antibiotics, cytostatics, diuretics, gastrointestinal agents, cardiovascular agents and neuropharmaceuticals or mixtures thereof. 11. Transdermal therapeutic system according to Claim 10, characterized in that the active substance is selected from hormones such as testosterone, estradiol, estriol, norethisterone, dienogest or mixtures thereof. 12. Transdermal therapeutic system according to any of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the matrix is a sheet-like adhesive piece of material, a plaster, a patch, a gel, an ointment, a cream, an emulsion, an embrocation, a paint or impregnated fabric.
Patients with rectal cancer who meet the eligibility criteria will be offered to enroll on the study. As part of the study patients will receive the standard of care capecitabine (825 mg/m² by mouth twice daily) and radiation. Patients will start on ganetespib (STA9090) at a set dose level.

The treatment consists of two parts. In the first part patients will receive ganetespib at full dose twice a week through the vein for two weeks. At the end of two weeks, a biopsy of the tumor will be performed to evaluate the effect of the drug on the tumor. In the second phase, patients will receive capecitabine, radiation and ganetespib at a specified dose level for 5 to 6 weeks. After completion of this phase, patients will have surgery to remove the tumor. Each three patients will be treated at a specified dose level. Patients will be monitored at least once a week for side effects. If there are no side effects in three consecutive patients, then the investigators will treat the next three patients at a higher dose level.
In the waitlist control arm, the men will not receive any intervention for 16-weeks. After the 16-week assessment, men randomized to this arm will crossover to the intervention arm.
BACKGROUND: The TyG index, a prominent metric for assessing insulin resistance, has gained traction as a prognostic tool for cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, the understanding of the prognostic significance of the extent of coronary artery stenosis in individuals afflicted with H-type hypertension remains limited.
METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted at Wuhan Third Hospital, including a cohort of 320 inpatients who were diagnosed with hypertension in combination with coronary artery disease. The study period spanned from January 1, 2021, to February 1, 2023. The study cohort was stratified based on the severity of stenosis into three distinct groups: low stenosis, medium stenosis, and high stenosis, as determined by the Gensini score derived from coronary angiography findings. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the severity of coronary stenosis and the number of lesion branches, utilizing the TyG index as a testing indicator. The predictive ability of TyG for coronary lesion severity was assessed using logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: The results of our study indicate a positive correlation between elevated levels of TyG and an increased susceptibility to severe stenosis in individuals diagnosed with H-type hypertension. Upon careful consideration of potential confounding variables, it has been observed that the TyG index exhibits a robust association with the likelihood of severe stenosis in individuals with H-type hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 4000, 95% confidence interval CI 2.411-6.635, p = 0.0001), as well as the prevalence of multivessel disease (OR = 1.862, 95% CI 1.036-3.348, p < 0.0001). The TyG index demonstrated superior predictive ability for severe coronary stenosis in patients with H-type hypertension compared to those without H-type hypertension (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.888, 95% confidence interval CI 0.838-0.939, p < 0.0001, versus AUC = 0.615, 95% CI 0.494-0.737, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The TyG index is an independent risk factor for the degree of coronary stenosis and a better predictor in patients with H-type hypertension combined with coronary artery disease.
PURPOSE:To obtain a prostaglandin E1-related compound-containing suppository, a domiciliary therapeutic agent excellent in safety and sustainability and useful for treating or preventing chronic arterial obstruction, Buerger disease, etc., by formulating a unit administration form with a specified amount of compound having prostaglandin E1 activity. CONSTITUTION:This suppository is obtained by formulating a unit administration form with 100-400mug of compound having prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) activity (e.g. PGE1, butyl-9-butyloxy-11alpha,15S-dihydroxyprosta-8,13E-dien-1-oate). It is the most preferable that this suppository contain the above compound and 0.5-20wt.%, based on 100wt.% of the unit administration form, of a 8-12C fatty acid alkali metal salt, esp. sodium caprate. This suppository is intrarectally administered, its effective dose being 100-400mug/adult at one time, pref. once a day.
The pharmacokinetics of the tablet and sustained-release capsule were compared in 12 healthy subjects. The extent of bioavailability of the sustained-release capsule was similar compared to the immediate-release tablet. Following administration of three 5 mg tablets, average maximal dextroamphetamine plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 36.6 ng/mL were achieved at approximately 3 hours. Following administration of one 15 mg sustained-release capsule, maximal dextroamphetamine plasma concentrations were obtained approximately 8 hours after dosing. The average Cmax was 23.5 ng/mL. The average plasma T1/2 was similar for both the tablet and sustained-release capsule and was approximately 12 hours. 

In 12 healthy subjects, the rate and extent of dextroamphetamine absorption were similar following administration of the sustained-release capsule formulation in the fed (58 to 75 gm fat) and fasted state.
This part will consist of 3 separate arms of 8 patients per arm. Each arm will receive one of the following treatments: IDG-16177, placebo or DPP-4i as comparator.
Patients randomized to the PVC-RAM-3 intervention will take biophysical measurements with the RAM technology, complete a daily recovery survey, complete video visits with a virtual care clinical team, and take wound photos during the 14 days after discharge. If the patient's RAM measurements exceed predetermined thresholds, the patient reports specific symptoms (e.g., shortness of breath), a drug error is identified, or the virtual nurse has concerns about the patient's health that they cannot resolve, the virtual nurse will escalate care to a pre-assigned and available physician.
Lifting is a significant risk factor for low back pain (LBP). Different biomechanical factors including spinal loads, kinematics, and muscle electromyography (EMG) activities have previously been investigated during lifting activities in LBP patients and asymptomatic individuals to identify their association with LBP. However, the findings were contradictory and inconclusive. Accurate and subject-specific prediction of spinal loads is crucial for understanding, diagnosing, planning tailored treatments, and preventing recurrent pain in LBP patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate the L5-S1 compressive and resultant shear loads in 19 healthy and 17 non-specific chronic LBP individuals during various static load-holding tasks (holding a 10 kg box at hip, chest, and head height) using full-body and personalized musculoskeletal models driven by subject-specific in vivo kinematic/kinetic, EMG, and physiological cross-sectional areas (PCSAs) data. These biomechanical characteristics were concurrently analyzed to identify potential differences between the two groups. Statistical analyses showed that LBP had almost no significant effect on the range of motion (trunk, lumbar, pelvis), PCSA, and EMG. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the predicted L5-S1 loads. However, as the task became more demanding, by elevating the hand-load from hip to head, LBP patients experienced significant increases in both compressive (33 %, p = 0.00) and shear (25 %, p = 0.02) loads, while asymptomatic individuals showed significant increases only in compressive loads (30 %, p = 0.01). This suggests that engaging in more challenging activities could potentially magnify the effect of LBP on the biomechanical factors and increase their discrimination capacity between LBP and asymptomatic individuals.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a hair growing agent excellent in effects of hair production, hair growth, prevention of hair removal, prevention of white hair and blackening of white hair, etc., safe to human body, containing an extracted solution of Imptience balsamina L. with an alcohol as an active ingredient. SOLUTION: The whole plant, flower or seed of Imptience balsamina L. in an amount of 20-50 pts.wt. is optionally dried, cut and immersed in 100 pts.wt. of an ethyl alcohol-containing aqueous solution (e.g. white liquor having >=10 degree for two weeks to half a year and the reside is separated to give an alcohol extracted solution (A) of Imptience balsamina L. The component A as an active ingredient is formulated optionally with (B) vitamin C, vitamin E and Chinese medicines such as Swertia japonica and ginseng to give the objective hair growing agent. The hair growing agent may be applied to a head part or is drinkable or can be made into a dosage form such as hair conditioner, shampoo and rinse.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a complex inflammatory disease of colorectum that induces abnormal immune responses and severely affects the quality of life of the patients. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions in many inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of GSPE in UC using a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse UC model and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage model. In this study, we found that the GSPE markedly prevented DSS-induced weight loss and colon length shortening in UC mice. Further investigations showed that GSPE significantly attenuated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and elevated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the colon tissues and serum of DSS-induced colitis mice by suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells was also reversed by GSPE. Taken together, our results confirm that GSPE can ameliorate inflammatory response in experimental colitis via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. This study advances the research progress on a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel diseases.
SCOPE: Breast milk has the potential to prevent childhood obesity by providing probiotics, but there are still instances of obesity in breastfed children.
METHODS AND RESULTS: This study investigates the difference in intestinal flora structure between breastfed children with obesity (OB-BF) and normal-weight breastfed children (N-BF). Building upon this foundation, it employs both cell and mouse models to identify an antiobesity strain within the fecal matter of N-BF children and explore its underlying mechanisms. The results reveal a reduction in lactobacillus levels within the intestinal flora of OB-BF children compared to N-BF children. Consequently, Lactobacillus plantarum H-72 (H-72) is identified as a promising candidate due to its capacity to stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in enteroendocrine cells (ECCs). In vivo, H-72 effectively increases serum GLP-1 concentration, reduces food intake, regulates the expression of genes related to energy metabolism (SCD-1, FAS, UCP-1, and UCP-3), and regulates gut microbiota structure in mice. Moreover, the lipoteichoic acid of H-72 activates toll-like receptor 4 to enhanced GLP-1 secretion in STC-1 cells.
CONCLUSIONS: L. plantarum H-72 is screened out for its potential antiobesity effect, which presents a potential and promising avenue for future interventions aimed at preventing pediatric obesity in breastfed children.
Oraqix (lidocaine and prilocaine periodontal gel), 2.5%/2.5%, is supplied in dental cartridges that provide 1.7g gel. Individually blister-packaged cartridges of Oraqix are distributed in a carton of 20 (NDC 66312-110-20). Each individual blister package also contains a sterile blunt-tipped applicator. Each blunt-tipped applicator is for single use only. Oraqix is intended for use with the Oraqix Dispenser.

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] At temperatures below +5°C Oraqix may become opaque. This opacity will disappear when the cartridge is warmed to room temperature.

DO NOT FREEZE. Some components of Oraqix may precipitate if cartridges are frozen. Cartridges should not be used if they contain a precipitate.

Do not use dental cartridge warmers with Oraqix. The heat will cause the product to gel.

See FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information)
The concept of metabolic health, particularly in obesity, has attracted a lot of attention in the scientific community, and is being increasingly used to determine the risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus-related complications. This Review assesses the current understanding of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). First, we present the historical evolution of the concept. Second, we discuss the evidence for and against its existence, the usage of different definitions of MHO over the years and the efforts made to provide novel definitions of MHO. Third, we highlight epidemiological data with regard to cardiovascular risk in MHO, which is estimated to be moderately elevated using widely used definitions of MHO when compared with individuals with metabolically healthy normal weight, but potentially not elevated using a novel definition of MHO. Fourth, we discuss novel findings about the physiological mechanisms involved in MHO and how such knowledge helps to identify and characterize both people with MHO and those with metabolically unhealthy normal weight. Finally, we address how the concept of MHO can be used for risk stratification and treatment in clinical practice.
It is well accepted that effective physician-patient communication is associated with important outcomes. Communication training interventions for oncologists and other clinicians has been shown to be effective in changing behavior and improving outcomes. Less attention has been given to improving cancer patients' communication with their physicians. Most of the studies in this area have been focused on activating patients through training them to ask questions. Although question asking is a vitally important patient communication skill, other patient communication skills should also be encouraged for patients.

In the primary care setting, studies on patient communication training have focused on three additional communication skills to asking questions: presenting information, checking understanding, and expressing concerns. The goal of this study is to pilot test a patient communication workshop that builds on the work done in the primary care setting, offering an intervention that focuses on a broad range of skills. The proposal aims to improve communication skills in an underserved population, which may be a factor contributing to minority health disparities.
BACKGROUND: Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare disease with an unknown etiopathogenesis that mostly affects middle-aged women with uterine leiomyoma. Many metastatic nodules outside the uterus characterize the condition. The metastases are smooth muscle lesions without malignancy. Morphologically and immunohistochemically, they resemble uterine leiomyomas, indicating a shared clonal origin. The lungs are the most prevalent site for incidental metastasis detection. BML has a relatively slow progression and good prognosis, and historically, there has been a lack of established guidelines for its treatment.
CASE PRESENTATION: Herein, we report a case of BML in a patient with multiple metastases. Through extensive histological and immunohistochemical analyses, this complex case enabled not only the definitive diagnosis of BML, but also shed light on its complex etiopathogenesis.
CONCLUSION: This study presents novel histology evidence suggesting a potential causal relationship between metaplasia and the development of BML.
A composition (A) comprises a dispersion or suspension of multilamellar vesicles (B) having an internal liquid crystal structure, where (B) are formed by stacking concentric bilayers, based on an amphiphilic agent (I), alternating with layers of water, aqueous solution, polar liquid or a solution of polar liquid, and they contain an antigenic protein (II) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A pharmaceutical composition (A) comprises a dispersion or suspension, in a vehicle, of multilamellar vesicles (B) having an internal liquid crystal structure, where (B) are formed by stacking concentric bilayers, based on an amphiphilic agent (I), alternating with layers of water, aqueous solution, polar liquid or a solution of polar liquid, and they contain an antigenic protein (II) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). An independent claim is also included for a method for preparing (A). ACTIVITY : Anti-HIV. MECHANISM OF ACTION : Vaccine, particularly induction of a Th1-type response. Mice were vaccinated by administration to the nasal mucosa of 3 Microg HIV p24, formulated in vesicles made of macrogol oleate and soya lecithin, twice at an interval of 21 days. Three weeks after the second injection, serum antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Titers were over 1000 for immunoglobulin (Ig) G and about 60 for IgA; compare about 130 and 1, respectively, when the same amount of p24 was administered as nasal solution.