anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
EST is an operation using the Erbao electric knife and Three-cavity incision knife to make a large incision to the duodenal nipples，and the incision scope is the nipple mouth uplift length of 4/5. It has been used since 1974. The technique is intuitive and intact. However, EST cut too small to achieve the purpose of treatment and will affect the next step, and if the incision is too large it may be easier to occur gastrointestinal perforation and bleeding.The EST will also damage the anatomy of the Oddi sphincter structure,which causes bacterial reflux to the bile duct, the recurrence of CBD.Some surgeons prefer it because it's postoperative pancreatitis rate is lower and it may be easier to find the lesion position if bleeding or perforation occurs.
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating host immunity, and dysregulation of this interaction is implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including spondyloarthritis (SpA). This review explores microbial dysbiosis and altered metabolic function observed in various forms of SpA, such as ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), acute anterior uveitis (AAU), and SpA-associated gut inflammation. Studies on animal models and clinical samples highlight the association between gut microbial dysbiosis, metabolic perturbations and immune dysregulation in SpA pathogenesis. These studies have received impetus through next-generation sequencing methods, which have enabled the characterization of gut microbial composition and function, and host gene expression. Microbial/metabolomic studies have revealed potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, such as short-chain fatty acids, and tryptophan metabolites, offering insights into disease mechanisms and treatment approaches. Further studies on microbial function and its modulation of the immune response have uncovered molecular mechanisms underlying various SpA. Understanding the complex interplay between microbial community structure and function holds promise for improved diagnosis and management of SpA and other autoimmune disorders.
Free flaps are an instrumental component of head and neck reconstructive surgery. There is no current consensus on the postoperative management of these patients despite the increasing frequency with which free flaps are used. Although patients often do not have a specific medical indication for postoperative ICU management, they frequently are sent to the ICU for postoperative care based on the need for close nurse monitoring of the flap. In a US based survey in 2007, 88.9% of head and neck surgeons were sending postoperative flap patients to the ICU. Typical ICU length of stay for these patients varies from 2-11 days. There are numerous theoretic disadvantages to ICU care in these patients. ICU care has been associated with increased use of sedation leading to decreased flap perfusion, prolonged use of ventilation, less self care, less ambulation, increased delirium and increased cost.

Due to these concerns, several institutions have developed protocols that allow for the monitoring of head and neck free-flap patients outside of the ICU. Two recent retrospective studies assessed outcomes using these protocols, including 257 patients (119 ICU, 138 ward) and showed no significant difference in morbidity and mortality, or flap failure between the groups. There was a significant increase LOS from 8 to 9 days and transfusion rate, in the ICU group. Another study looked at 247 patients (175 ICU, 72 ward) and found no difference between flap failure, reoperation, hematoma, wound complications between the groups. They also found an increased LOS from 7 to 8 days in the ICU group. They calculated cost difference and found a decrease in average patient cost from $101,199 to $86,195 in the ward group. These studies support the use of non-ICU care for head and neck free-flap patients, however given their retrospective nature significant biases may exist, tempering the strength of their conclusions. To date, there has never been a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) that addresses this question.

This is a non-inferiority RCT at UCDMC to assess differences in LOS, complication rate and resource utilization between patients randomized to the ICU and a head and neck specialty ward. Since ICU/Ward bed availability has to be determined before surgery, a subject will be randomized before surgery when the subject meets all inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria. Currently, postoperative flap patients who are not enrolled in the study at UCDMC are monitored in the ICU for a minimum of 24 hours following their surgery.
PURPOSE: To report a case of disseminated TB presenting as ciliary body and thyroid mass lesions.
CASE REPORT: A 17-year-old male patient presented with a thyroid mass and blurring of vision in the left eye. A diagnosis of ciliary body granuloma was made. Although the Mantoux was negative, the HRCT chest showed evidence of miliary TB, and the fine needle aspiration cytology from the thyroid mass revealed AFB. On initiation of Antitubercular therapy(ATT), a paradoxical worsening of ciliary body granuloma was noted which resolved on starting steroids.
CONCLUSION: Involvement of thyroid gland and ciliary body although rare in tuberculosis, may be the presenting feature of disseminated TB. Paradoxical reactions seen after initiation of ATT in these cases may respond well to oral steroids.
Patients with Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph-like ALL) often face a grim prognosis, with PDGFRB gene fusions being commonly detected in this subgroup. Our study has unveiled a newfound fusion gene, TERF2::PDGFRB, and we have found that patients carrying this fusion gene exhibit sensitivity to dasatinib. Ba/F3 cells harbouring the TERF2::PDGFRB fusion display IL-3-independent cell proliferation through activation of the p-PDGFRB and p-STAT5 signalling pathways. These cells exhibit reduced apoptosis and demonstrate sensitivity to imatinib in vitro. When transfused into mice, Ba/F3 cells with the TERF2::PDGFRB fusion gene induce tumorigenesis and a shortened lifespan in cell-derived graft models, but this outcome can be improved with imatinib treatment. In summary, we have identified the novel TERF2::PDGFRB fusion gene, which exhibits oncogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo, making it a potential therapeutic target for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
Reading nutrition facts labels is a competency for which training is given in several nutrition education programs, especially in obesity outreach workshops. The Top Trumps-style card game is commonly used in obesity prevention educational programs to engage participants in reading nutrition facts labels; however, the success of TV cooking shows among children and teenagers has not been explored for educational purposes. This paper is a descriptive study of developing a gamified activity as part of the one-time outreach workshop facilitated by the Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC) in Brazil. By playing the MestreChef Nutritional (MCN) game, participants followed similar rules as the corresponding TV cooking show. They were challenged to decide to select food items, calculate dietary food intake, and prepare a recipe to visualize the proportion of macronutrients contained in daily diets. The analysis of the nutritional dietary table completed by participants revealed to be a rich source of information, and we identified in our cohort that selecting an adequate number of food items and making healthy food choices was not concerning. However, their lack of competency in performing mathematical reasoning, particularly in calculating serving sizes and converting grams of macronutrients into calories, was evident. Moreover, facilitators of the workshops agreed that the MCN game presents definitively more didactic effectiveness and playability than the Foods Top Trumps, a former game used in the outreach workshops. The MCN game nourishes the engagement of the participants in learning nutrition-related concepts and may be an efficient didactic resource to improve nutrition knowledge in outreach activities when an alternative method is required to stimulate reading nutrition facts labels.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Reading nutrition facts labels is a typical activity promoted in obesity prevention educational programs. By playing the MestreChef Nutritional, participants can immerse in the context of a food TV show game to have the first contact with reading nutrition facts labels for a learning purpose. However, the game can reveal the participant's limitations in mathematical reasoning despite the didactic potential of the game in promoting obesity-related physiology concepts.
ANTI-PD-L1 ANTIBODY The present invention provides an anti-PD-L1 antibody capable of repeated administration even to animals other than rat. An anti-PD-L1 antibody comprising (a) a light chain comprising a light chain variable region containing CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of QSLLYSENQKDY (SEQ ID NO: 37), CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of WAT and CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of GQYLVYPFT (SEQ ID NO: 38) and the light chain con stant region of an antibody of an animal other than rat; and (b) a heavy chain comprising a heavy chain variable region containing CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of GYTFTSNF (SEQ ID NO: 39), CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of IYPEYGNT (SEQ ID NO: 40) and CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of ASEEAVISLVY (SEQ ID NO: 41) and the heavy chain constant region of an antibody of an animal other than rat. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the above anti-PD-L1 antibody as an active ingredient. A method for preparing the above anti-PD-L1 antibody is also provided. [Fig. 10]
The neonate was taken to the neonatal unit and monitored with a pulse-oximeter before, during and after the procedure. The neonate was swaddled, administered 1 mL of oral sucrose, and allowed to suck for 2 minutes prior to the procedure.
Ciprofloxacin Tablets USP 250 mg and 500 mg should be administered orally as described in the Dosage Guidelines table. An increased incidence of adverse events compared to controls, including events related to joints and/or surrounding tissues, has been observed. (See ADVERSE REACTIONS and CLINICAL STUDIES.)  
  
Dosing and initial route of therapy (i.e., I.V. or oral) for complicated urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis should be determined by the severity of the infection. In the clinical trial, pediatric patients with moderate to severe infection were initiated on 6 to 10 mg/kg I.V. every 8 hours and allowed to switch to oral therapy (10 to 20 mg/kg every 12 hours), at the discretion of the physician.   


  
Pediatric patients with moderate to severe renal insufficiency were excluded from the clinical trial of complicated urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis. No information is available on dosing adjustments necessary for pediatric patients with moderate to severe renal insufficiency (i.e., creatinine clearance of < 50 mL/min/1.73m2).
Patients participate in schedule gradual reduction program over 8 weeks to reduce the frequency of cigarette use. Patients also receive cessation support messages via text messages for 12 weeks.
Subjects receiving n-3 PUFA (capsules containing 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid, 120 mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 2 mg of vitamin E). Three capsules were ingested daily for eight weeks.
OBJECTIVE: To explore preemptive analgesic effect of preoperative intramural tramadol injection in percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) of vertebrae following local anesthesia.
METHODS: From August 2019 to June 2021, 118 patients with thoraco lumbar osteoporotic fractures were treated and divided into observation group and control group, with 59 patients in each gruop. In observation group, there were 26 males and 33 females, aged from 57 to 80 years old with an average of (67.69±4.75)years old;14 patients on T11, 12 patients on T12, 18 patients on L1, 15 patients on L2;tramadol with 100 mg was injected intramuscularly half an hour before surgery in observation group. In control group, there were 24 males and 35 females, aged from 55 to 77 years old with an average of (68.00±4.43) years old;19 patients on T11, 11 patients on T12, 17patients on L1, 12 patients on L2;the same amount of normal saline was injected intramuscularly in control group. Observation indicators included operation time, intraoperative bleeding, visual analogue scale (VAS) evaluation and recording of preoperative (T0), intraoperative puncture(T1), and working cannula placement (T2) between two groups of patients, at the time of balloon dilation (T3), when the bone cement was injected into the vertebral body (T4), 2 hours after the operation (T5), and the pain degree at the time of discharge(T6);adverse reactions such as dizziness, nausea and vomiting were observed and recorded;the record the patient's acceptance of repeat PKP surgery.
RESULTS: All patients were successfully completed PKP via bilateral pedicle approach, and no intravenous sedative and analgesic drugs were used during the operation. There was no significant difference in preoperative general data and VAS(T0) between two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (P>0.05). VAS of T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 in observation group were all lower than those in control group(P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in T6 VAS (P>0.05). T6 VAS between two groups were significantly lower than those of T0, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in incidence of total adverse reactions between two groups (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the acceptance of repeat PKP surgery (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Half an hour before operation, intramuscular injection of tramadol has a clear preemptive analgesic effect for PKP of single-segment thoracolumbar osteoporotic fracture vertebral body under local anesthesia, which could increase the comfort of patients during operation and 2 hours after operation, and improve patients satisfaction with surgery.
BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction is frequently seen in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there are conflicting findings regarding the factors it is associated with.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between aerobic capacity, strength, disability, depression, fatigue, and cognitive reserve and function.
METHODS: The mobile applications Trail Making Test (TMT A-B), Digit Span Test (DST), Visuospatial Memory Test (VSMT), and Tap Fast were used in the cognitive function evaluation. Functional performance was assessed with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 5-Time Sit-to-Sand (5STS) test, and grip strength. Cognitive Reserve Index (CRI), Beck Depression Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Nottingham Health Profile were also used.
RESULTS: A significant difference was found between the MS and control groups only in the 6MWT, STS-5, grip strength, TMT, VSMT, and Tap Fast. Good correlation was found between the TMT-A and 6MWT and physical mobility. A fair correlation was shown between grip strength, energy, and pain status. A good correlation was found between TMT-B and 6MWT, and a fair relationship with disability, cognitive reserve, and pain. Good correlation was observed between the DST and 6MWT, left grip strength, pain, and energy status; fair correlations were found between right grip strength, cognitive reserve, and physical mobility. Good correlation was found between the VSMT and energy. A fair relationship between disability, cognitive reserve, and pain was demonstrated. Good correlation was observed between the Tap Fast score and disability, 5STS, FSS, energy, and physical mobility. A fair relationship was found between pain and social isolation.
CONCLUSION: It has been shown that cognitive performance in MS is related to disability, functional performance, cognitive reserve, fatigue, and general health.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT06084182.
OBJECTIVE: To present the contemporary evidence on transvaginal urogenital fistulae (UGF) repair with Martius fat pad (MFP), compared to direct graftless fistula repair.
METHODS: We reviewed all available studies reporting lower UGF repair via the transvaginal approach in MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The primary outcome of interest was the fistula closure rates. When available, patients' baseline characteristics, indications for surgery, and early and late postoperative complications with focus on MFP-related complications are reported.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In obstetric fistulae, tissue interposition has been almost completely abandoned, with contemporary large series reporting closure rates of >90% with graftless repair, even for complex fistulae. Similarly, most simple, non-irradiated iatrogenic fistulae can be closed safely without or with tissue interposition with success rates ranging between 86% and 100%. However, MFP is valuable in fistulae with difficulty achieving tension-free and layered closure, with significant tissue loss, urethral involvement and with poorly vascularised tissues after radiotherapy, with reported success rates between 80% and 97% in those challenging situations.
CONCLUSION: A UGF repair should be individualised after considering the specific characteristics and complexity of the procedure. MFP interposition is probably unnecessary for the majority of low (obstetric) fistulae within otherwise healthy tissues. However, MFP may still have a place to maximise outcomes in low-income settings, in select cases with higher (iatrogenic) fistulae, and in most cases with radiotherapy.
Current smoking cessation pharmacotherapy paradigms ignore the over-learned behaviour associated with smoking, thus contributing to the relatively poor absolute efficacy of pharmacotherapy. Chronic nicotine use causes adaptive changes in the brain that differ from the acute effects leading to craving when smoking is stopped. This is a key element of relapse. Thus, the development of more effective treatments involves a better understanding of craving and relapse by exploring the interaction between the psychology and neurobiology of nicotine addiction. Bupropion, an amphetamine derivative, has demonstrated efficacy in smoking cessation in motivated smokers. Its' mechanism of action is unclear but may be mediated by extinction processes. We hypothesize that bupropion will reduce cue-responsiveness and subsequent cravings in current smokers who are not consciously attempting to quit or cut down on smoking. Fifty smokers (\>10 cigarettes/day) of either sex will be recruited to take either oral placebo or bupropion 150 mg twice daily for a total of 42 days. Subjects will attend bi-weekly experimental sessions where cue-responsiveness will be measured using physiological and subjective responses to a variety of neutral and smoking-related cues. Subjective effects will be measured using the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges, the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire and Visual Analog Scales. Subjects will record smoking behaviour and subjective experiences daily in a smoking diary. Outcome variables include cue responsiveness, daily diary ratings, exhaled end tidal CO levels, plasma cotinine levels, and subjective effects. Gender effects will be assessed by using sex as a covariate in the analysis. This study will provide preliminary data on pharmacotherapy-assisted extinction as a novel approach to smoking cessation.
Valortim (MDX-1303) is a fully human monoclonal antibody (hmAb) with a high affinity for Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA). Valortim is designed to target PA, which is one of three plasmid-encoded proteins that together form the toxins released by B. anthracis. Individually, these proteins (protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF)) are inactive. Toxic effects require the transport of LF and EF into the host cell, mediated by the activity of PA. Valortim binds to PA and interferes with the activity of the toxins. Based on both non-clinical and clinical data, Valortim may have utility for the pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis of individuals exposed to, or at risk of exposure to, B. anthracis and for the treatment of individuals displaying symptoms of inhalational anthrax. Because the treatment of inhalational anthrax includes the use of antibiotics such as tetracyclines, it is necessary to demonstrate that there are no adverse interactions between newer therapeutic interventions and these medications. The purpose of this study is to assess the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline (a commonly used tetracycline for both treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of anthrax) and Valortim following co-administration, as well as the safety and tolerability of these medications when administered concomitantly. These data are intended to support the use of Valortim as a treatment for inhalational anthrax.
The increasing incidence of obesity in the pediatric population requires attention to its serious complications. It turns out that in addition to typical, well-known metabolic complications, obesity as a systemic disease carries the risk of equally serious, although less obvious, non-metabolic complications, such as cardiovascular diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome, chronic kidney disease, asthma, thyroid dysfunction, immunologic and dermatologic conditions, and mental health problems. They can affect almost all systems of the young body and also leave their mark in adulthood. In addition, obesity also contributes to the exacerbation of existing childhood diseases. As a result, children suffering from obesity may have a reduced quality of life, both physically and mentally, and their life expectancy may be shortened. It also turns out that, in the case of obese pregnant girls, the complications of obesity may also affect their unborn children. Therefore, it is extremely important to take all necessary actions to prevent the growing epidemic of obesity in the pediatric population, as well as to treat existing complications of obesity and detect them at an early stage. In summary, physicians treating a child with a systemic disease such as obesity must adopt a holistic approach to treatment.
Title substance has low toxicity is useful as a fungicidal agent, esp. against trichophytic pompholiciformis. IT also inhibits the growth of certain pathogenic microorganisms (e.g. Bacillus subtilis) and is therefore active against eye infections. Itabashillin (I) is produced by cultivating a (I)-producing strain of the genus Penicillium (pref. Pencillium oxalicum var. itabishikum NRRL 5672) under aerobic conditions in a medium contg. C- and N-sources and inorg. salts in order to produce and accumulate (I) in the medium, and isolating (I) from the culture. (I) has molecular formula C32H30O14 a m.pt of 264.5-266.5 degrees C and characteristic I.R and N.M.R spectra.
Participants will receive 5 standardized osteopathic manipulative treatments, two weeks apart. (To be considered a study completer, a participant must complete at least 3 of these treatments.) In addition to assessments at intake and during treatments, 1 and 3 months after their last treatment patients will be asked to provide follow-up data. Assessments include the HIT-6, MIDAS, and MSQ surveys, treatment satisfaction assessments, and a headache diary. Participants will also consent to an electronic medical record extraction of medication and healthcare services utilization.
Participants in this arm will get their data reported-back in real-time. There will be a total of 4 different strategies tested based on a combination of two (2) messengers and two (2) formats tested.