anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Sarcopenia is a common complication of end-stage liver disease (ESLD), but its exact relationship to myosteatosis and frailty remains unclear. In this pilot study, we tested the feasibility of a specialized MRI protocol and automated image analysis in patients with ESLD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a single-center prospective study, adult liver transplant candidates with ESLD underwent assessment of muscle composition between 3/2022 and 6/2022 using the AMRA® MAsS Scan. The primary outcome of interest was feasibility of the novel MRI technique in patients with ESLD. We also tested if thigh muscle composition correlated with validated measures of frailty and sarcopenia.
RESULTS: Eighteen subjects (71 % male, mean age 59 years) were enrolled. The most common etiologies of cirrhosis were alcohol-related liver disease (44 %) and non-alcohol-associated fatty liver disease (33 %), with a mean MELD-Na of 13 (± 4). The mean time needed to complete the MRI protocol was 14.9 min and only one patient could not complete it due to metal hardware in both knees. Forty-one percent of patients had adverse muscle composition (high thigh fat infiltration and low-fat free muscle volume) and these patients were more likely to have undergone a recent large volume paracentesis (43 % vs. 0 %, p < 0.02). The adverse muscle composition group performed significantly worse on the 6-minute walk test compared to the remainder of the cohort (379 vs 470 m, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: The AMRA® MAsS Scan is feasible to perform in patients with ESLD and can be used to quantify myosteatosis, a marker of muscle quality and potentially muscle functionality in ESLD.
Obesity, a factor increasing the risk of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, can be reduced by the intake of soy isoflavones. In this study, we investigated whether skeletal muscle PGC1α, a transcriptional activator known to promote a variety of exercise-related metabolic processes, is involved in the anti-obesity effects of soy isoflavones using skeletal muscle-specific PGC1α knockout mice. The results showed that the intake of soy isoflavones reduced white adipose tissue weight and increased expression of energy metabolism-related genes such as mitochondrial function, lipolysis, and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. However, these effects were not observed in skeletal muscle-specific PGC1α knockout mice. In C2C12 myoblasts with overexpressing PGC1α, soy isoflavone treatment increased energy-metabolism related genes. Therefore, PGC1α of skeletal muscle is likely to be involved in the anti-obesity effects of soy isoflavones.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for concentrating shear-sensitive biopolymers using a hollow fiber membrane.SOLUTION: The present invention provides in general a method for concentrating a mixture including shear sensitive biopolymers, such as von Willebrand Factor. Conventional methods of concentrating biopolymers impart too much shear stress, which causes the degradation of shear sensitive biopolymers. The method according to the present invention reduces the shear stress while maintaining a high rate of filtrate flux. Specifically, the present invention provides a method for concentrating shear sensitive biopolymers including flowing a mixture with shear sensitive biopolymers into a hollow fiber dialysis module to form a concentrate having a shear sensitive biopolymer concentration that is greater than that of the mixture. According to the present invention, the hollow fiber dialysis module has a high filtrate flux and a low shear rate at a low flow rate. This ensures a high product yield and minimal loss of shear sensitive biopolymers.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine pillow for treating neurasthenia, and belongs to the field of health care products. The traditional Chinese medicine pillow comprises a pillow inner and a pillow case. The pillow inner comprises, by weight, 10-20 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 2-10 parts of atractylodes macrocephala koidz, 5-10 parts of angelica sinensis, 2-10 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 2-15 parts of poria cocos, 5-15 parts of salviae miltiorrhizae, 10-15 parts of curcuma aromatica, 5-20 parts of schisandra chinensis, 5-10 parts of lilies and 200-400 parts of stuffing. The stuffing is one of or a combination of some of buckwheat husks, beancurd skin, semen cassiae and corn stigmas. Various medicinal materials in the traditional Chinese medicine pillow are remarkable in effect of treating neurasthenia, and the traditional Chinese medicine pillow is convenient to use. Medicine is absorbed through the oval cavity, the nasopharyngeal mucosa and the skin, qi and yin are tonified, metal anxiety is eased, and the good treatment and healthcare effects are achieved for neurasthenia patients with dreaminess, tinnitus, vexation and insomnia symptoms.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a hair dye composition containing a direct dye and exhibiting excellent hair-dyeing effect and stability. SOLUTION: A hair dye composition containing 0.01-1.5wt.% of a direct dye dissolved in water or a water-alcohol mixture is compounded with 0.1-7.5wt.% (preferably 0.5-2.5wt.%) of a hydroxyalkylated guar gum derivative having a 2-4C alkyl group. One or more kinds of cationic hair-dyeing agents are used as the direct dye and a hydroxypropyl guar gum, etc., is used as the hydroxyalkylated guar gum derivative. The composition is preferably further compounded with 0.1-2.5wt.% of a hair conditioning polymer. It is prepared by conventional method to an emulsion, dispersion, solution, aerosol foam, etc., preferably to a solution containing 80-95wt.% of water and 5-20wt.% of a lower alcohol (e.g. ethanol) and having pH of 2-4.
The intervention arm participants will receive a cash transfer to support them in their businesses PLUS 5 weekly face-to-face group sessions of Problem Management Plus(PM+ for entrepreneurs). Duration of each session is 2 hours. Session 1 orients participants to the intervention with motivational interviewing techniques to improve engagement, provides information about common reactions to adversity, and trains participants in a basic stress management strategy (slow breathing). Session 2 discusses problem solving technique.Sessions 3 and 4 support participants' continued application of problem solving, behavioral activation, and stress management and introduce strategies to strengthen social support networks. In session 5, education about retaining intervention gains and self-care are provided and all learned strategies are reviewed.
PAT is a 15-week cognitive-behavioral therapy that focuses on increasing reward motivation and sensitivity at the neural, behavioral, and affective levels of analysis. These observed effects occur through PAT's effects on reward sensitivity and positive affect. Participants will be assigned to a therapist with training in cognitive-behavioral therapy who will meet with them weekly via telehealth.
Decompensated cirrhosis is associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality. Variceal hemorrhage (VH) further increases the risk of mortality, and of future variceal bleed events. Non-selective beta-blockers (NSBBs) are effective therapy for primary and secondary prophylaxis of VH and have become the cornerstone of pharmacologic therapy in cirrhosis. Beta-blockers are associated with reduced overall mortality and GI-bleeding related mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis; they may also confer hemodynamically independent beneficial effects. Long-term treatment with beta-blockers may improve decompensation-free survival in compensated cirrhosis with clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH). Carvedilol more effectively lowers the hepatic vein portal gradient than traditional NSBBs and has been shown to improve survival in compensated cirrhosis. Treatment goals in compensated cirrhosis with CSPH should focus on early utilization of beta-blockers to prevent decompensation and reduce mortality.
The endocannabinoid system interacts with the reward system to modulate responsiveness to natural reinforcers, as well as drugs of abuse. Previous preclinical studies suggested that direct blockade of CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R) could be leveraged as a potential pharmacological approach to treat substance use disorder, but this strategy failed during clinical trials due to severe psychiatric side effects. Alternative strategies have emerged to circumvent the side effects of direct CB1 binding through the development of allosteric modulators. We hypothesized that negative allosteric modulation of CB1R signalling would reduce the reinforcing properties of morphine and decrease behaviours associated with opioid misuse. By employing intravenous self-administration in mice, we studied the effects of GAT358, a functionally-biased CB1R negative allosteric modulator (NAM), on morphine intake, relapse-like behaviour and motivation to work for morphine infusions. GAT358 reduced morphine infusion intake during the maintenance phase of morphine self-administration under a fixed ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement. GAT358 also decreased morphine-seeking behaviour after forced abstinence. Moreover, GAT358 dose dependently decreased the motivation to obtain morphine infusions under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Strikingly, GAT358 did not affect the motivation to work for food rewards in an identical progressive ratio task, suggesting that the effect of GAT358 in decreasing opioid self-administration was reward specific. Furthermore, GAT58 did not produce motor ataxia in the rotarod test. Our results suggest that CB1R NAMs reduced the reinforcing properties of morphine and could represent a viable therapeutic route to safely decrease misuse of opioids.
Late evening eating is a potential risk factor for overconsumption and weight gain. However, there is limited qualitative research investigating the complex factors that influence late evening eating in adults living with obesity. Identifying the factors that influence late evening eating can inform interventions to reduce late evening eating and associated health risks. Therefore, this study aimed to: i) explore factors that contribute to eating late, and ii) apply the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model to understand the barriers and enablers to changing to earlier food intake timings in UK adults who report eating late. Semi-structured interviews with seventeen participants [32.47 ± 6.65 years; 34.68 ± 7.10 kg/m2; 71% female (n = 12); 41% White (n = 7)] investigated reasons for late evening eating and the potential barriers and enablers to changing to earlier eating patterns. Thematic analysis identified four main contributors to late evening eating: 1) internal signals (e.g., feeling hungry in the evening); 2) external and situational factors (e.g., work schedules and the food-rich environment); 3) social factors (e.g., interactions with family) and 4) behavioural and emotional factors (e.g., personal preferences and negative feelings in the evening). Time constraints and work schedules were identified as main barriers to changing to earlier eating patterns. Whereas, having high motivation (e.g., contentment with eating earlier in the evening) and interpersonal support were identified as main enablers to eating earlier. This study provides in-depth insights into the psychological, social, and environmental factors contributing to late evening eating. The findings highlight potential targets for future interventions to facilitate earlier eating times in individuals at risk of overweight and obesity.
Ongoing climate change has already been associated with increased disease outbreaks in wild and farmed fish. Here, we evaluate the current knowledge of climate change-related ecoimmunology in teleosts with a focus on temperature, hypoxia, salinity and acidification before exploring interactive effects of multiple stressors. Our literature review reveals that acute and chronic changes in temperature and dissolved oxygen can compromise fish immunity which can lead to increased disease susceptibility. Moreover, temperature and hypoxia have already been shown to enhance the infectivity of certain pathogens/parasites and to accelerate disease progression. Too few studies exist that have focussed on acidification, but direct immune effects seem to be limited while salinity studies have led to contrasting results. Likewise, multi-stressor experiments essential for unravelling the interactions of simultaneously changing environmental factors are still scarce. This ultimately impedes our ability to estimate to what extent climate change will hamper fish immunity. Our review about epigenetic regulation mechanisms highlights the acclimation potential of the fish immune response to changing environments. However, due to the limited number of epigenetic studies, overarching conclusions cannot be drawn. Finally, we provide an outlook on how to better estimate the effects of realistic climate change scenarios in future immune studies in fish.
Although global initiatives have made great strides in controlling the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic, HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) continue to impact the lives and livelihoods of a significant portion of the population. In 2019, 38 million individuals were living with HIV and 690,000 died of AIDS-related causes. Despite extensive global efforts for disease control over the last 20 years, 1.7 million individuals contract HIV annually. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces morbidity and mortality associated with HIV by suppressing viral replication but does not eradicate infection. There are barriers to universal ART use that include toxicities, costs, drug resistance, and the need for lifelong adherence. To overcome these barriers, HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) represent a novel approach to HIV prevention and treatment.

The primary endpoint of change in viral load will be assessed at day 14. Participants will then transition to Step 2, during which all participants will take standard daily oral ART and have viral load monitored through Step 2 week 48.
FIELD: organic chemistry, chemical technology. SUBSTANCE: invention describes a method of synthesis of phenylpropionic acid taken from 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic or 2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl)-propionic acids or their salts, for example, methylbenzyl-amine, lysine or sodium salts that are enriched with the required enantiomer. Method involves the separation stage that is carried out by treatment with the corresponding enantiomer of racemic acid α-methylbenzylamine in solvent at heating to form the corresponding phenylpropionic acid salt enriched with the required enantiomer. Obtained salt is separated and then converted to phenylpropionic acid or one of the above indicated salts enriched with the required enantiomer followed by recrystallization stage. At the stage of separation (a) a mixture of toluene and methanol is used as a solvent and this stage is carried out at molar ratio of racemic phenylpropionic acid to α-methylbenzylamine from :0,25 to 1: 1. Then the stage of recrystallization (b) is carried out where the end enriched salt is recrystallized from a mixture methanol-toluene to obtain phenylpropionic α-methyl-benzylamine salt which enriched with the required enantiomer additionally. Then the optional release stage (c) is carried out where phenylpropionic acid enriched additionally with the required enantiomer is isolated from recrystallized salt; and (d) optional stage of salt preparing where phenylpropionic acid solid salt enriched additionally with the required enantiomer is isolated being solid salt enriched more with the required enantiomer. EFFECT: simplified process of synthesis. 24 cl, 2 tbl, 10 ex
Olmesartan medoxomil. Olmesartan medoxomil, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide tablets can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death. Resulting oligohydramnios can be associated with fetal lung hypoplasia and skeletal deformations. Potential neonatal adverse effects include skull hypoplasia, anuria, hypotension, renal failure, and death. When pregnancy is detected, discontinue olmesartan medoxomil, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide tablets as soon as possible [see Use in specific Populations( 8.1) ].

Hydrochlorothiazide.Thiazides cross the placental barrier and appear in cord blood. Adverse reactions include fetal or neonatal jaundice and thrombocytopenia [see Use in Specific Populations( 8.1)].
INTRODUCTION: Despite antifungal advancements, candidaemia still has a high mortality rate of up to 40%. The ECMM Candida III study in Europe investigated the changing epidemiology and outcomes of candidaemia for better understanding and management of these infections.
METHODS: In this observational cohort study, participating hospitals enrolled the first ten consecutive adults with blood culture-proven candidemia. Collected data included patient demographics, risk factors, hospital stay duration (follow-up of 90 days), diagnostic procedures, causative Candida spp., management details, and outcome. Controls were included in a 1:1 fashion from the same hospitals. The matching process ensured similarity in age (10-year range), primary underlying disease, hospitalization in intensive care versus non-ICU ward, and major surgery within 2 weeks before candidemia between cases and controls. Overall and attributable mortality were described, and a survival probability for cases and controls was performed.
RESULTS: One hundred seventy-one pairs consisting of patients with candidemia and matched controls from 28 institutions were included. In those with candidemia, overall mortality was 40.4%. Attributable mortality was 18.1% overall but differed between causative Candida species (7.7% for Candida albicans, 23.7% for Candida glabrata/Nakaseomyces glabratus, 7.7% for Candida parapsilosis and 63.6% for Candida tropicalis). Regarding risk factors, the presence of a central venous catheter, total parenteral nutrition and acute or chronic renal disease were significantly more common in cases versus controls. Duration of hospitalization, and especially that of ICU stay, was significantly longer in candidemia cases (20 (IQR 10-33) vs 15 days (IQR 7-28); p = 0.004).
CONCLUSIONS: Although overall and attributable mortality in this subgroup analysis of matched case/control pairs remains high, the attributable mortality appears to have decreased in comparison to historical cohorts. This decrease may be driven by improved prognosis of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis candidemia; whereas candidemia due to other Candida spp. exhibits a much higher attributable mortality.
AIMS: Patients with heart failure (HF) frequently experience decreased physical function, including walking speed. Slower walking speed is associated with poorer prognosis. However, most of these reports focused on patients with stable HF, and the relationship between walking speed in acute phase and clinical outcomes is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations between walking speed early after admission and clinical events in patients with acute decompensated HF (ADHF).
METHODS AND RESULTS: We reviewed consecutive 1391 patients admitted due to ADHF. We measured walking speed the first time to walk on the ward more than 10 m after admission, and the speed within 4 days after admission was included in this study. The primary outcome was combined events (all-cause death and/or re-admission due to HF). The follow-up period was up to 1 year from the discharge. The study population had a median age of 74 years [interquartile range (IQR): 65-80 years], and 35.9% of patients were females. The median walking speed was 0.70 m/s (IQR: 0.54-0.88 m/s). Combined events occurred in 429 (30.8%) patients. Faster walking speed was independently associated with lower rate of combined events (adjusted hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s increasing: 0.951, 95% confidence interval: 0.912-0.992).
CONCLUSION: Faster walking speed within 4 days after admission was associated with favourable clinical outcomes in patients with ADHF. The results suggest that measuring walking speed in acute phase is useful for earlier risk stratification.
Participants will receive treatment in 21 day cycles consisting of R-CHOP in cycle 1, followed by R-CHOP plus glofitamab for cycles 2-6, and two cycles of glofitamab monotherapy consolidation. Patients may also receive high-dose methotrexate CNS prophylaxis at investigator discretion.
Selenomethionine (SeMet) as the main form of daily dietary selenium, occupies essential roles in providing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which alleviates inflammatory liver damage. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most prevalent and abundant internal transcriptional modifications that regulate gene expression. To investigate the protective mechanism of SeMet on liver injury and the regulatory effect of m6A methylation modification, we established the model by supplementing dietary SeMet, and LPS as stimulus in laying hens. LMH cells were intervened with SeMet (0.075 µM) and/or LPS (60 µg/mL). Subsequently, histopathology and ultrastructure of liver were observed. Western Blot, qRT-PCR, colorimetry, MeRIP-qPCR, fluorescent probe staining and AO/EB were used to detect total m6A methylation level, m6A methylation level of Nrf2, ROS, inflammatory and necroptosis factors. Studies showed that SeMet suppressed LPS-induced upregulation of total m6A methylation levels and METTL3 expression. Interestingly, SeMet reduced the m6A methylation level of Nrf2, activated antioxidant pathways and alleviated oxidative stress. LMH cells were transfected with 50 µm siMETTL3. SeMet/SiMETTL3 reversed the LPS-induced reduction in Nrf2 mRNA stability, slowed down its degradation rate. Moreover, LPS induced oxidative stress, led to necroptosis and activated NF-κB to promote the expression of inflammatory factors. SeMet/SiMETTL3 alleviated LPS-induced necroptosis and inflammation. Altogether, SeMet enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity by reducing METTL3-mediated m6A methylation levels of Nrf2, ultimately alleviating liver damage. Our findings provided new insights and therapeutic target for the practical application of dietary SeMet in the treatment and prevention of liver inflammation, and supplied a reference for comparative medicine.