anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: The management of many patients with early-stage melanoma includes sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for prognostic and treatment planning purposes. While the minimum necessary number of SLNs to examine has been determined for patients with other malignancies, it has not been delineated in melanoma. The current study evaluates risk factors for SLN positivity and the associated number of SLNs that are necessary to examine for appropriate staging.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The National Cancer Database participant user file from 2018 to 2020 was queried for clinically node-negative patients who underwent SLN biopsy. Descriptive statistics were obtained. Analysis of variance statistical analyses were performed.
RESULTS: Eight thousand forty eight melanoma patients out of 48,748 were identified from 2018 to 2020 that had lymph node positivity on SLN biopsy. The median age of patients was 64. The male-to-female ratio was 1.47. Chi-squared analysis revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in positivity rate between at least two groups (P = 0.006) for primary melanoma site, male sex (P < 0.01), race, age, histologic type, Breslow thickness, and lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001). SLN positivity rate increased with the number of SLNs examined until plateauing at 4 SLNs. There was no statistical difference between positivity for 3 SLNs and larger numbers of SLNs examined. Propensity matching revealed no statistically significant difference in positive rate when more than 2 SLNs were biopsied.
CONCLUSIONS: SLN positivity is proportionally related to the number of SLNs examined, suggesting that surgeons should attempt to remove a minimum of 2 SLNs for the optimal staging of patients with melanoma.
Migraine is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite the recent approval of several calcitonin gene-related peptide-targeted therapies, many people with migraine do not achieve satisfactory headache improvement with currently available therapies and there continues to be an unmet need for effective and tolerable migraine-specific treatments. Exploring additional targets that have compelling evidence for their involvement in modulating migraine pathways is therefore imperative. Potential new therapies for migraine include pathways involved in nociception, regulation of homoeostasis, modulation of vasodilation, and reward circuits. Animal and human studies show that these targets are expressed in regions of the CNS and peripheral nervous system that are involved in pain processing, indicating that these targets might be regarded as promising for the discovery of new migraine therapies. Future studies will require assessment of whether targets are suitable for therapeutic modulation, including assessment of specificity, affinity, solubility, stability, efficacy, and safety.
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a relapsing-remitting course. For patients in remission, glucocorticoid (GC) and immunosuppressant are used to be maintained for a long time in fear of disease flare. Long-term GC and immunosuppressant could bring a lot of side-effects and economic burden. Whether and when patients with stable disease should withdraw GC or immunosuppressant? How about the relapse risk respectively? What are the risk factors for disease flare? All the above remain unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the relapse risk after GC or immunosuppressant withdrawal in IgG4-RD patients with stable disease and to establish a predictive model for risk stratification. Meanwhile the investigators aim to testify the effects of immunosuppressant in preventing IgG4-RD relapse. This study is a prospective cohort clinical trial.
The average 5-year survival rate of patients with cholangiocarcinoma is about 5-10%. Only 30%-40% of patients have the opportunity to obtain radical surgery. Surgical resection is limited by the extent of tumor spread along the bile duct branches and segments, and the degree of involvement of the portal vein and (or) hepatic artery branches. Complete resection with negative margins (R0) is the only possible radical treatment. Only 60%-78% of radical surgery for cholangiocarcinoma are considered to achieve true R0 resection, and the tumor-free margin is often very short. Even after R0 resection, the recurrence rate is as high as 50%-76%. Photodynamic therapy is a tumor specific ablation method with small side effects and repeated treatments will not produce drug resistance. It provides a new prospect for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. For the current patients with locally advanced cholangiocarcinoma, neoadjuvant photodynamic therapy is used to make them resectable. Demotion and subsequent resection may potentially improve their results. Similarly, patients with resectable margins can benefit from tumor downgrading by increasing their chances of undergoing R0 resection. In order to increase the negative rate of resection margins, and to ensure sufficient tumor-free margins of the bile duct stumps, the research is still blank. For patients with locally advanced cholangiocarcinoma with resectable margins, patients who meet the selection criteria are randomly divided into two groups A and B. Group A: neoadjuvant PDT therapy combined with radical surgery; Group B: radical surgery. This study aims to explore the clinical effectiveness and safety of neoadjuvant photodynamic therapy, as well as its role in destroying local tumors and enhancing systemic inflammation.This study plans to enroll 50 patients. It is planned to complete the enrollment operation within 2 years, and the follow-up observation will be continued for 5 years after the operation. All patients are expected to complete neoadjuvant PDT treatment and radical surgery within 2 years, survival period (5 years survival rate), R0 resection rate and local recurrence rate are the main observation indicators, and the bilirubin level, the number of intraoperative freezing, the length of the tumor-free margin of the tumor tissue, and the incidence of complications (biliary leakage, cholangitis, phototoxicity) are the secondary observation indicators.
BACKGROUND: Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is important to establish as a meaningful outcome in research when using patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). We determined the MCID using the distribution-based approach for three measurements used as part of the GALAXY study, which is an observational prospective study on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in cystic fibrosis (CF).
METHODS: Four hundred and two persons with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) participated in the GALAXY study, all with baseline values available for all questionnaires. Mean age was 20.9 years (2.1- 61.1) with 75 females and 94 males under the age of 18 (42.04 %) and 118 females and 115 males aged 18 or older (57.99 %). MCID was measured for Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM), Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms (PAGI-SYM), Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) and their subscales. Two distribution-based approaches, defined as multiplications of the standard deviation (SD) or standard error of the mean (SEM), were used to approximate the MCID.
RESULTS: The two distribution-based approaches for determining the MCID estimates produced comparable results in trends in MCIDs across the subscales and total scores. In general, MCID estimates of subscales for all three measurements were higher than their total score MCIDs. The one-half SD- and SEM-based MCID estimates for total scores of each questionnaire are as follows: PAC-SYM: 0.26 and 0.14; PAGI-SYM: 0.32 and 0.15; PAC-QOL: 0.27 and 0.18, respectively.
CONCLUSION: This paper establishes initial MCIDs estimated by the distribution-based approach for the PAC-SYM, PAGI-SYM and PAC-QOL that can now be used to evaluate interventional studies that may impact gastrointestinal symptoms in PwCF.
Patients undergo blood collection every 4-12 weeks during ADT, abiraterone, enzalutamide, or docetaxel treatment. Patients switched from ADT to either abiraterone or enzalutamide during the study will undergo phlebotomy every 6-12 weeks. Samples are analyzed for cfRNA, and cfDNA, AR-V7, and other AR-Vs via quantitative RT-PCR.
Of the 304 patients with cancer in clinical studies of FENTORA, 69 (23%) were 65 years of age and older. Patients over the age of 65 years tended to titrate to slightly lower doses than younger patients. Patients over the age of 65 years reported a slightly higher frequency for some adverse events specifically vomiting, constipation, and abdominal pain. Therefore, caution should be exercised in individually titrating FENTORA in elderly patients to provide adequate efficacy while minimizing risk.

Respiratory depression is the chief risk for elderly patients treated with opioids, and has occurred after large initial doses were administered to patients who were not opioid-tolerant or when opioids were co-administered with other agents that depress respiration. Titrate the dosage of FENTORA slowly in geriatric patients and frequently reevaluate the patient for signs of central nervous system and respiratory depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)].

Fentanyl is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to regularly evaluate renal function.
All patients in this group will be explained the technique of foley's catheter ballooning and informed consent will be taken. The cervix will be visualized with the help of Cusco's speculum. The balloon will be inflated with about 30 cc of sterile water. The catheter will be pulled down to bring the balloon into the cervical canal and will be tapped around the thigh. Patients will also be given oral misoprostol 50 μg per dose. The dose will be repeated at 4 hours interval up to a maximum of 4 doses till labor is induced (3 contractions per 10 minutes).
1,128,372. Injectable compositions. SOPHYMEX S.A. 6 Oct., 1965 [6 Oct., 1964], No. 42461/65. Addition to 1,122,650. Heading A5B. A pharmaceutical composition for the lowering of azotemia comprises a sterile injectable aqueous solution of an extract of hespedeza capitata, said extract having been obtained by the process described and claimed in Specification 1,122,650. Dosage units may comprise sealed phials containing the solution or the dry sterile extract, the latter being dissolved prior to use in sterile physiological saline.
The treatment arm will be given up to 1-hour resistive training exercises, breathing exercises and aerobic exercises administered by an expert physiotherapist via teleconference (telerehabilitation). Every ten days one physiotherapist will record the individualized exercise program, will reevaluate the magnitude of exercise for each patient and reinforce to continue or increase exercise magnitude.
BACKGROUND: Viperin, also known as radical S-adenosyl-methionine domain containing protein 2 (RSAD2), is an interferon-inducible protein that is involved in the innate immune response against a wide array of viruses. In mammals, Viperin exerts its antiviral function through enzymatic conversion of cytidine triphosphate (CTP) into its antiviral analog ddhCTP as well as through interactions with host proteins involved in innate immune signaling and in metabolic pathways exploited by viruses during their life cycle. However, how Viperin modulates the antiviral response in fish remains largely unknown.
RESULTS: For this purpose, we developed a fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) clonal cell line in which the unique viperin gene has been knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing. In order to decipher the contribution of fish Viperin to the antiviral response and its regulatory role beyond the scope of the innate immune response, we performed a comparative RNA-seq analysis of viperin-/- and wildtype cell lines upon stimulation with recombinant fathead minnow type I interferon.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that Viperin does not exert positive feedback on the canonical type I IFN but acts as a negative regulator of the inflammatory response by downregulating specific pro-inflammatory genes and upregulating repressors of the NF-κB pathway. It also appeared to play a role in regulating metabolic processes, including one carbon metabolism, bone formation, extracellular matrix organization and cell adhesion.
The present invention provides a method for producing peptides by recombinant means. The peptides are expressed as part of a fusion protein comprising the target peptide and an engineered intein. The invention also provides the engineered inteins, fusion proteins comprising these, and DNA constructs coding for these fusion proteins. Upon thiol-induced cleavage of the fusion protein the carboxy-terminal a-thioester of the target peptide is obtained. The carboxy-terminal α-thioester can in principle react with any nucleophile and the strategy therefore allows a wider range of carboxy-terminal modifications such as chemical ligation, bioconjugation, or amidation. The engineered inteins of the present invention are minimized in size and has a cysteine mutation in the position corresponding by alignment to position 3 of  Mxe  GyrA intein (SEQ ID NO:1 ) leading to increased expression levels of the fusion protein and higher yields of the isolated target peptide, thus making the method of the invention suitable for production scale.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gene region of a determining marker of anticancer agent resistance.  <P>SOLUTION: A method for determining the anticancer agent resistance is provided. The new function of a dexamethasone-induced protein gene is identified. In the dexamethasone-induced protein gene, its promotor region is methylated, and in the case that the expression of the dexamethasone-induced protein becomes less by the methylation, an apoptosis by the cascade of caspase is inhibited. Thereby, the methylation of the dexamethasone-induced protein gene region of cancer cells is detected, and in the case that the methylation is found, the anticancer agent resistance is determined to be present.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patients in the everolimus group initially received 5 mg/day everolimus divided in 2 equal doses (i.e. 2.5 mg b.i.d.). Dose adjustments were performed to achieve a blood trough level of 3-8 ng/mL (maximum daily dose: 10 mg/day \[5 mg b.i.d.\]).
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) serving significant roles in monitoring its progression. We hypothesize that while cognitive assessment scores can detect AD-related brain changes, the targeted brain regions may differ. Additionally, given AD's strong association with aging, we propose that specific brain regions are influenced by both AD pathology and aging, exhibiting strong correlations with both. To test these hypotheses, we developed a 3D convolutional network with a mixed-attention mechanism to recognize AD subjects from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data and utilize 3D convolutional methods to pinpoint brain regions significantly correlated with the AD, MMSE, CDR and age. All models were trained and internally validated on 417 samples from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), and the classification model was externally validated on 382 samples from the Australian Imaging and Lifestyle flagship (AIBL). This approach provided robust support for using MMSE and CDR in assessing AD progression and visually illustrated the relationship between aging and AD. The analysis revealed correlations among the four identification tasks (AD, MMSE, CDR and age) and highlighted asymmetric brain lesions in both AD and aging. Notably, we found that AD can accelerate aging to some extent, and a significant correlation exists between the rate of aging and cognitive assessment scores. This offers new insights into the relationship between AD and aging.
The invention relates to a nano probe integrating detection, imaging and treatment based on copper phthalocyanine molecules, which comprises hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, copper phthalocyanine molecules and two groups of oligonucleotide binding sequences. One end of each of two groups of oligonucleotide sequences designed by the invention is a base pair for detecting and circularly amplifying microRNA-21, and the other end is an AS1411 sequence. The AS1411 sequence can not only recognize nucleolin highly expressed on the surface of tumor cells to perform a targeting and positioning function, but also carry copper phthalocyanine molecules with poor water solubility based on G tetragon formed under a specific condition. And then, the nucleotide sequence loaded with the copper phthalocyanine is adsorbed on the surface of the hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet through pi-pi accumulation and enters the tumor cell. The invention also discloses application of the diagnosis and treatment integrated nano probe in diagnosis and treatment of tumor cells and living bodies. The diagnosis and treatment integrated nano probe can carry out in-situ Raman diagnosis on tumor cells, has high sensitivity and strong specificity, can simultaneously realize photodynamic therapy, and has certain application value in biomedicine and clinical diagnosis and treatment.
PURPOSE: A pharmaceutical composition containing ramipril and telmisartan or valsartan is provided to ensure effective blood pressure reduction and to suppress heart damage. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for reducing blood pressure contains effective amount of ramipril and telmisartan or valsartan as an active ingredient. A pharmaceutical composition contains 0.312-5 mg of ramipril and 10-160mg of valsartan. A pharmaceutical composition contains 0.312-5mg and 5-80 mg of telmisartan. The pharmaceutical composition is used in the oral formulation. The pharmaceutical composition is used in treating or preventing hypertension, cardiac insufficiency, arteria coronaria atresia choanae, ischemic heart disease, ischemic peripheral circulatory system disease, hypertensive renal failure, stroke or artery scleroma.
The goal of maintenance treatment with lamotrigine is to delay the time to occurrence of mood episodes (depression, mania, hypomania, mixed episodes) in patients treated for acute mood episodes with standard therapy [see Indications and Usage ( 1.2)] . 

Patients taking lamotrigine for more than 16 weeks should be periodically reassessed to determine the need for maintenance treatment.

Adults

The target dose of lamotrigine is 200 mg/day (100 mg/day in patients taking valproate, which decreases the apparent clearance of lamotrigine, and 400 mg/day in patients not taking valproate and taking either carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, or other drugs such as rifampin and the protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir that that increase the apparent clearance of lamotrigine). In the clinical trials, doses up to 400 mg/day as monotherapy were evaluated; however, no additional benefit was seen at 400 mg/day compared with 200 mg/day [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2)]. Accordingly, doses above 200 mg/day are not recommended. 

Treatment with lamotrigine is introduced, based on concurrent medications, according to the regimen outlined in Table 5. If other psychotropic medications are withdrawn following stabilization, the dose of lamotrigine should be adjusted. In patients discontinuing valproate, the dose of lamotrigine should be doubled over a 2-week period in equal weekly increments (see Table 6). In patients discontinuing carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, or other drugs such as rifampin and the protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir that induce lamotrigine glucuronidation, the dose of lamotrigine should remain constant for the first week and then should be decreased by half over a 2-week period in equal weekly decrements (see Table 6). The dose of lamotrigine may then be further adjusted to the target dose (200 mg) as clinically indicated.

If other drugs are subsequently introduced, the dose of lamotrigine may need to be adjusted. In particular, the introduction of valproate requires reduction in the dose of lamotrigine [see Drug Interactions ( 7), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3)]. 

To avoid an increased risk of rash, the recommended initial dose and subsequent dose escalations of lamotrigine should not be exceeded [see Boxed Warning].
Each participant will be randomized to either the low-FODMAP diet group (LFD) or the low added sugar diet group (LAS) for 3 weeks. Each participant will be randomized to the low added sugar diet group (LAS) for 3 weeks.
Probiotics, known for regulating gut microbiota, may aid those with overweight or obesity, but their mechanisms require more research. This study involved 75 overweight or obese young adults, randomly assigned to either a Bifidobacterium breve BBr60 (BBr60) group or a placebo group. Both groups received diet guidance and took either BBr60 (1 × 1010 CFU/day) or a placebo for 12 weeks. Researchers analyzed body composition, serum glucose, lipids, liver and kidney function, comprehensive metabolome, and intestinal homeostasis before and after the intervention. After 12 weeks, BBr60 significantly reduced weight and BMI compared to pretreatment levels and outperformed the placebo. The BBr60 group also showed improved blood biochemistry, with notably lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels than the placebo group (p < 0.05). Additionally, BBr60 influenced vital serum and fecal metabolites related to three amino acid metabolic pathways and regulated the bacteria Dialister, Klebsiella, and Bacteroides, which correlated strongly with serum metabolites. These findings indicate that BBr60 can safely and effectively regulate BMI, body weight, serum glucose, lipids, and liver function markers, which may involve BBr60's impact on key gut bacteria, which influence metabolites related to the valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism.