anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis have been reported in patients during or up to 3 hours after ALDURAZYME infusions. Some of these reactions were life-threatening and included respiratory failure, respiratory distress, stridor, tachypnea, bronchospasm, obstructive airways disorder, hypoxia, hypotension, bradycardia, and urticaria.

In clinical studies and postmarketing safety experience with ALDURAZYME, approximately 1% of patients experienced severe or serious hypersensitivity reactions. In patients with MPS I, pre-existing upper airway obstruction may have contributed to the severity of some reactions.

Prior to ALDURAZYME administration, consider premedicating patients with antihistamines, with or without antipyretics, 60 minutes before the start of infusion. Appropriate medical monitoring and support measures, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation equipment, should be readily available during ALDURAZYME administration. Because of the potential for recurrent reactions, some patients who experience initial severe reactions may require prolonged observation.

  * If a severe hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) occurs, discontinue ALDURAZYME immediately and initiate appropriate medical treatment. Exercise caution if epinephrine is being considered for use in patients with MPS I due to the increased prevalence of coronary artery disease in these patients. Interventions have included resuscitation, mechanical ventilatory support, emergency tracheotomy, hospitalization, and treatment with inhaled beta-adrenergic agonists, epinephrine, and intravenous corticosteroids [see Adverse Reactions (6)].
  * Consider the risks and benefits of re-administering ALDURAZYME following severe hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylaxis). Patients may be rechallenged using slower infusion rates. In patients with severe hypersensitivity reaction, desensitization measures to ALDURAZYME may be considered. If the decision is made to readminister ALDURAZYME, ensure the patient tolerates the infusion. If the patient tolerates the infusion, the rate may be increased to reach the recommended rate.
  * If a mild or moderate hypersensitivity reaction occurs, consider temporarily holding the infusion or slowing the infusion rate [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].
1422795 Antiseptic composition J BUNYAN 29 May 1973 [21 May 1972] 25349/72 Heading A5B [Also in Division C3]  An antiseptic composition effective in controlling or preventing infection in wounds consists essentially of the reaction product obtained by mixing together a protein and a substantially stoichiometric amount of an aqueous solution of a hypochlorite. Lithium sodium or calcium hypochlorite solutions may be employed. The protein may be human or animal skin tissue, subcutaneous tissue, muscle or bone tissue, whole blood, blood serum, fibriner organs; egg albumen and/or yolk; gelatin; and nut or bean proteinaceous material. According to one typical Example, a 5.25% (measured as active chlorine) commercially available sodium hypochlorite solution is titrated with 5 cc. of blood serum until all liberation of gas ceases. The amount of hypochlorite solution used is about 65 cc. Two drops of serum are then added to ensure that all hypochlorite has been neutralised. The solution is stored during the reaction. A deposit may form in due course, depending on the temperature and amount of stirring. Both the solution and deposit may be used. The former may be brought into powdered form.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a drug for priventing hepatopathy which shows a marked protective effect on hepatopathy caused by medicines by using an extract from mycelia of Lentinus edodes. SOLUTION: The drug for priventing hepatopathy is obtained by including an extract from mycelia of Lentinus edodes. The above extract may be obtained by initially multiplying Lentinus edodes fungi on a solid culture medium containing strained lees of Saccharum officinarum L. and nonfat rice bran as base materials, loosening the solid culture medium containing the resultant mycelia followed by crushing it to pieces in the presence of water and an enzyme selected from cellulose, protease or glucosidase, then heating at 95 deg.C or lower to not only deactivate the enzyme but also sterilize and finally filtrating the resultant suspension. It is favorable that this extract contains 20-40 w/w % of saccharides, 13-30 w/w % of proteins, 2.5-3.5 w/w % of polyphenols, 0.1 wt.% of lipids, 0.4 wt.% of fibers and 20 wt.% of ashes. The objective drug is preferably administrated by oral route.  It is favorable that the drug is administrated at a dose of 400 mg-1.8 g a day as the powder of the extract from mycelia of Lentinus edodes.
Glyburide

Sulfonylurea drugs are extensively bound to serum proteins. Displacement from protein binding sites by other drugs may lead to enhanced hypoglycemic action. In vitro, the protein binding exhibited by glyburide is predominantly non-ionic, whereas that of other sulfonylureas (chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide) is predominantly ionic. Acidic drugs, such as phenylbutazone, warfarin, and salicylates, displace the ionic-binding sulfonylureas from serum proteins to a far greater extent than the non-ionic binding glyburide. It has not been shown that this difference in protein binding results in fewer drug-drug interactions with glyburide tablets in clinical use. 

Metformin Hydrochloride

The apparent volume of distribution (V/F) of metformin following single oral doses of 850 mg averaged 654±358 L. Metformin is negligibly bound to plasma proteins. Metformin partitions into erythrocytes, most likely as a function of time. At usual clinical doses and dosing schedules of metformin, steady state plasma concentrations of metformin are reached within 24 to 48 hours and are generally <1 mcg/mL. During controlled clinical trials, maximum metformin plasma levels did not exceed 5 mcg/mL, even at maximum doses.
1428672 Photopolymerizable compositions for dental use AMALGAMATED DENTAL CO Ltd 22 March 1973 [25 April 1972] 19210/72 Heading C3P Photopolymerizable compositions suitable for dental use comprise an adduct of the formula where R<SP>1</SP> is H or methyl, R<SP>2</SP> is alkylene and R<SP>3</SP> is a divalent hydrocarbon radical (the adduct being derived from a hydroxyalkyl (meth)- acrylate and an appropriate diisocyanate), and a minor proportion by weight of an ultraviolet sensitive polymerization catalyst. The compositions may also include a copolymerizable diluent, e.g. an alkyl (meth)acrylate such as methyl methacrylate, and a cross-linking monomer, e.g. poly(meth)acrylate ester of a polyhydric alcohol such as trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. The catalyst may be a benzoin alkyl ether, e.g. benzoin ethyl ether. In an embodiment, the compositions are cured with ultraviolet light from which substantially all visible light has been filtered out and, for such embodiment, the compositions preferably also include an agent which fluoresces under ultraviolet light. Applications include tooth pit or fissure sealants, tooth restorations, cosmetic veneers, sealing fillings, tooth cavity protection, and attaching orthodontic appliances; the compositions being irradiated with ultraviolet light in situ.
In almost all mechanically ventilated patients, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used. Its function is to prevent alveolar collapse and to maintain oxygenation. However, it has recently been found that PEEP may contribute to diaphragm weakness, which is an important problem in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study showed that mechanical ventilation with PEEP resulted in a caudal displacement of the diaphragm, since PEEP increases the end-expiratory volume. Furthermore, their study in rats showed that this displacement resulted in a reduced fiber length and sarcomere length on the short term.

After rats were ventilated with PEEP for 18 hours, it was found that adaptation of the diaphragm occurred; i.e. the number of sarcomeres were decreased. It is hypothesized that this adaptation may also occur in mechanically ventilated patients. This could lead to problems in weaning a patient off the ventilator, as PEEP is abruptly removed during a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). This leads to a reduction in end-expiratory volume which would mean that the newly-adapted diaphragm fibers are being stretched. These stretched muscle fibers are not working at their optimal length of the force-length relation, thereby contributing to diaphragm weakness.
Ocular surface vital dye staining is a measure of ocular surface damage and is frequently used as an endpoint in clinical studies. The identification and development of standardized objective outcome measures for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention of ocular surface disease is an area previously identified as critical to the future of well-designed clinical trials in this area. The Report of the NEI / Industry Workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eyes identified, the standardization of clinical tests used to diagnose dry eye states and assess treatment effects, as an area of critical interest. The purpose of this protocol is to determine the suitability of slit lamp biomicroscopic digital photography of ocular surface vital dye staining by comparing it to the current standard procedure, clinical assessment. Digital image-based assessment would have many advantages over current procedures and would apply the appropriate rigor to the evaluation of the anterior segment that has been shown to be an extremely effective method for the evaluation of the extent of posterior segment diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Such valid, reproducible, reliable photographic documentation of retinal abnormalities and disease progression has been successfully employed as a primary outcome measure in many large clinical trials. In this protocol, we will compare grading of digital images of ocular surface staining to clinical assessment, facilitating the use of ocular surface vital dye staining as a valid outcome measure in clinical trials.
PURPOSE: A composition containing hemp seed extract or DHA for preventing and treating arthritis is provided to relieve disease symptom. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating arthritis contains hemp seed extract. A health food composition for relieving arthritis contains the extract. A pharmaceutical composition for reliving arthritis contains docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) as an active ingredient. A health food for relieving arthritis contains DHA as an active ingredient. The extract is isolate suing hexane, toluene, petroleum, benzene, ethyl acetate, chloroform, dichloromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide or acetone at 0°C-100°C for 1 minute to a week.
BACKGROUND: Distal femur fractures remain treatment challenges with a considerable postoperative non-union rate. Concern remains that surgery may compromise osseous vascularity. This study aimed to determine effects of retrograde femoral intramedullary nailing (RFIN) on distal femur vascularity, and the locations of the middle genicular artery terminal branches in relation to the standard RFIN entry point.
METHODS: Five lower limb cadaveric pairs were obtained (ten specimens). Experimental limbs were randomly assigned, and contralateral limbs served as controls. An 11 mm femoral nail was implanted in experimental specimens. Controls only underwent a medial parapatellar incision with capsulotomy. Quantitative pre- and post-contrast-MRI was performed to assess arterial contributions to distal femur regions. Osseous vascularity was further evaluated with contrast-CT imaging. Next, specimens were injected with latex medium, and dissection was performed to assess extraosseous vasculature.
RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found with quantitative-MRI in experimental and control groups for the entire distal femur or individual regions. The experimental group demonstrated a small mean decrease of 1.4% in distal femur arterial contributions. CT and anatomic dissection confirmed maintenance of middle genicular artery terminal branches. On average, 3.3 (±1.3) terminal branches entered along the posterior intercondylar notch. A mean distance of 15.2 mm (±6.9 mm) was found between the posterior RFIN entry point and these terminal branches.
CONCLUSIONS: RFIN did not significantly alter arterial contributions to the distal femur or disrupt the middle genicular artery terminal branches. However, care must be taken to ensure nail entry point accuracy given proximity of the entry point to terminal branches.
BACKGROUND: The role of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has recently attracted considerable attention in cancer research; nonetheless, the insights provided by current investigations remain constrained. Our main objective was to investigate its role and the latent mechanisms within the pan-cancer realm.
METHODS: We used comprehensive pan-cancer bulk sequencing data and online network tools to investigate the association between MIF expression and patient prognosis, genomic instability, cancer cell stemness, DNA damage repair, and immune infiltration. Furthermore, we validated the relationship between MIF expression and M0 macrophages using single-cell datasets, the SpatialDB database, and fluorescence staining. Additionally, we assessed the therapeutic response using the ROC plotter tool.
RESULTS: We observed the upregulation of MIF expression across numerous cancer types. Notably, elevated MIF levels were associated with a decline in genomic stability. We found a significant correlation between increased MIF expression and increased expression of mismatch repair genes, stemness features, and homologous recombination genes across diverse malignancies. Subsequently, through an analysis using ESTIMATE and cytokine results, we revealed the involvement of MIF in immune suppression. Then, we validated MIF as a hallmark of the M0 macrophages involved in tumor immunity. Our study suggests an association with other immune-inhibitory cellular populations and restraint of CD8 + T cells. In addition, we conducted a comparative analysis of MIF expression before and after treatment in three distinct sets of therapy responders and non-responders. Intriguingly, we identified notable disparities in MIF expression patterns in bladder urothelial carcinoma and ovarian cancer following particular therapeutic interventions.
CONCLUSION: Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis revealed notable enrichment of MIF within M0 macrophages, exerting a profound influence on tumor-associated immunosuppression and the intricate machinery of DNA repair.
In-person counseling with a clinical pharmacist prior and during treatment with an oral oncology medication. Patients meet with a clinical pharmacist prior, at month 3 and month 6 during the study.
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the male genitourinary system. In 2017, the American Oncology Society will report that 161,360 new prostate cancers were estimated, accounting for 21% of male tumors, ranking first in male new tumors; 26,730 death, cancer death. The rate is second only to bronchial lung cancer and colorectal cancer. In China, although the incidence of prostate cancer is lower than the world epidemiological level, the incidence of prostate cancer in China has shown an increasing trend in recent years. The latest statistics from the National Cancer Center 2017, the incidence of male prostate cancer is 2.4%, which is a male malignant tumor. Seventh place in the disease. The taxane drug docetaxel showed good anti-tumor activity in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients, and paclitaxel combined with carboplatin also had a certain effect on CRPC. However, in clinical practice, patients with prostate cancer are mostly old, often accompanied by other underlying diseases, poor physical status, and poor tolerance in the use of docetaxel and paclitaxel. Albumin-bound paclitaxel has more tumor-targeted enrichment than traditional paclitaxel and is less toxic. Therefore, this study intends to explore the efficacy and safety of albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with carboplatin in the treatment of CRPC, providing a reference for the treatment options of CRPC in clinical practice.
This study investigated the relationship between physical activity, inactivity, physical function, and sleep in older adults with a frailty phenotype. A total of 184 pre-frail/frail older adults were included. Physical activity, inactive behavior, and sleep parameters were assessed using a wrist-worn accelerometer. Participants were categorized into four groups based on their levels of inactivity and physical activity. The results showed that individuals with lower levels of inactivity had better lower body mean velocity and sleep regularity than those with higher levels of inactivity. Physically active older adults exhibited faster gait speed and performed better in lower body strength tests than physically inactive participants. Further analysis revealed that specific combinations of inactivity and physical activity were associated with varying levels of physical function. The findings highlight the importance of physical activity and the negative impact of inactivity on physical function and sleep in older adults with a frailty phenotype.
Recently, studies have revealed that individuals who have survived a COVID-19 infection may experience a range of persistent symptoms (Comelli et al., 2022; Nalbandian et al., 2021), indicating that the pandemic is far from over and its aftermath is difficult to eliminate completely. At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges for nurses around the world. Not only are they at the forefront of preventing and controlling the spread of the virus, but they are also the primary caregivers for patients experiencing the after-effects of the pandemic. Meanwhile, they also need to care for the patients with other illness. Some study evidence indicated that there is a shortage of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, and nursing staff are experiencing a high level of negative emotions (Jiang et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2022).

The ongoing pandemic has had a huge impact on the mental health and work of nurses (Chen et al., 2021). Between 40% and 66.7% of surveyed health care workers reported mental health problems during the pandemic, according to a report by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation, 2021). The stress caused by COVID-19 has contributed to workforce attrition, with many nurses opting to leave the profession (Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation, 2021; World Health Organization, 2022). It has taken a heavy toll on the healthcare system. Maintaining the mental health of nurses is crucial. This is not only conducive to pandemic prevention and control, but also plays a significant role in the normal medical order.
Before discharge, provide routine discharge preparation instructions and offer a disease education booklet with relevant health information. Follow up with two phone calls after discharge, on the 7th and 30th days.
Patients with aortic root abscesses experience increased morbidity and mortality compared to those without abscess in aortic valve infective endocarditis. The superior intervention for patients with aortic root abscess is not determined. This research investigates the degree to which increased morbidity and mortality of aortic root abscess, and to describe perioperative characteristics and outcomes of root operations versus root-sparing repairs of aortic root abscess. All patients who underwent surgical treatment of active aortic valve endocarditis between 2011 and 2022 at a single institution were reviewed, yielding 218 patients, of whom 64 had perivalvular abscess. Patients were treated with either simple (root-sparing) or complex (root replacement) techniques. Patients with abscess demonstrated significantly higher rates of previous cardiac surgery, redo endocarditis surgery, aortocavitary fistula, heart block, and prosthetic valve endocarditis. One quarter of abscesses were not detected on preoperative imaging. Presence of abscess was a significant predictor of operative mortality. Prosthetic valve endocarditis was a significant predictor of complex repair in patients with abscess. Five-year survival was similar between simple and complex repair groups in patients with abscess. Aortic root abscess confers significant morbidity and mortality, and measures should be taken to ensure early detection and treatment of this condition.
KEY POINTS: In community-based US adults, higher plasma trimethylamine N-oxide levels associated with higher risk of incident CKD and greater rate of kidney function decline. Findings from our study support future clinical trials to examine whether lowering plasma trimethylamine N-oxide levels may prevent CKD development and progression.
BACKGROUND: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota–derived metabolite of dietary phosphatidylcholine and carnitine. Experimentally, TMAO causes kidney injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Little is known about prospective associations between TMAO and kidney outcomes, especially incident CKD. We hypothesized that higher plasma TMAO levels would be associated with higher risk of incident CKD and greater rate of kidney function decline.
METHODS: We included 10,564 participants from two community-based, prospective cohorts with eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 to assess incident CKD. TMAO was measured using targeted mass spectrometry at baseline and one follow-up visit. Creatinine and cystatin C were measured up to four times during follow-up and used to compute eGFR. Incident CKD was defined as an eGFR decline ≥30% from baseline and a resulting eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Time-varying Cox models assessed the association of serial TMAO measures with incident CKD, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, diet, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Linear mixed models assessed the association with annualized eGFR change in 10,009 participants with at least one follow-up eGFR measure without exclusions for baseline eGFR levels.
RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 9.4 years (interquartile range, 9.1–11.6 years), 979 incident CKD events occurred. Higher TMAO levels were associated with higher risk of incident CKD (second to fifth versus first quintile hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]=1.65 [1.22 to 2.23], 1.68 [1.26 to 2.25], 2.28 [1.72 to 3.02], and 2.24 [1.68 to 2.98], respectively) and greater annualized eGFR decline (second to fifth versus first quintile annualized eGFR change=−0.21 [−0.32 to −0.09], −0.17 [−0.29 to −0.05], −0.35 [−0.47 to −0.22], and −0.43 [−0.56 to −0.30] ml/min per 1.73 m2, respectively) with monotonic dose–response relationships. These associations were consistent across different racial/ethnic groups examined. The association with eGFR decline was similar to or larger than that seen for established CKD risk factors, including diabetes, per 10 mm Hg of higher systolic BP, per 10 years of older age, and Black race.
CONCLUSIONS: In community-based US adults, higher serial measures of plasma TMAO were associated with higher risk of incident CKD and greater annualized kidney function decline.