anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) is a type of medication treatment for HIV that impairs the virus's ability to multiply. When used properly, it has been shown to be successful in reducing HIV-related deaths. A 95% adherence rate to ART is required to adequately suppress the virus and prevent transmission. High rates of mental illness, substance use, and unstable housing, however, make adherence to ART particularly problematic in poor urban populations. Directly observed therapy (DOT), in which medication intake is closely monitored, improved treatment adherence during the tuberculosis epidemic of the 1990s, and is now gaining recognition as a model for improving ART adherence. HIV DOT has been successfully delivered to people residing in structured living settings. The majority of HIV-infected people, however, live outside these facilities. Therefore, there is a need for a modified version of DOT to reach HIV-infected people in community settings. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of a MDOT program in increasing ART adherence in poor, HIV-infected residents of urban communities.

Participants in this open label study will be randomly assigned to either receive standard care or participate in the MDOT program. Participants assigned to standard care will report to the study site once a month for 9 months, but will not receive any assistance with taking HIV medications. Information about medication adherence, housing, income, use of health services, drug use, sexual practices, and mental health services will be collected at each visit. Participants in the MDOT program will report to the study site each morning for 3 months, Monday through Friday, to take their HIV medication and any other medications prescribed by their primary care doctors. If an individual does not attend a visit, study staff will try to locate the individual in the neighborhood to deliver the medication. Medication for the weekend will be prepared by study staff, but participants will take it on their own at home. At the end of 3 months, participants will no longer attend the study site for medication assistance. They will, however, participate in Action Point, a county program that helps participants adhere to taking medication, for an additional 3 months. Participants will also check in with the study staff once a month. Following this, participants may choose to discontinue the Action Point program for the final 3 months of the study. They will continue monthly check-in visits with the study staff. At each visit, interviews will be conducted and medication adherence will be assessed. Blood tests will be performed once every 3 months throughout the study.
There is disclosed a formulation for creating a rapid penile erection within 30 minutes. In an embodiment, a lozenge has a preparation configured to create a rapid penile erection. The preparation is effective to create the rapid penile erection with sildenafil citrate in a range of 50-100 mg. The preparation is effective to create the rapid penile erection with tadalafil in a range of 5-40 mg. The preparation is effective to create the rapid penile erection with vardenafil hydrochloride in a range of 5-40 mg. In various embodiments, the formulation includes a solvent configured to permeate skin. Other embodiments are also disclosed.
AIM/HYPOTHESIS: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator α (PGC-1α) plays a critical role in the maintenance of glucose, lipid and energy homeostasis by orchestrating metabolic programs in multiple tissues in response to environmental cues. In skeletal muscles, PGC-1α dysregulation has been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes but the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. This research aims to understand the role of TET3, a member of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family dioxygenases, in PGC-1α dysregulation in skeletal muscles in obesity and diabetes.
METHODS: TET expression levels in skeletal muscles were analysed in humans with or without type 2 diabetes, as well as in mouse models of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced or genetically induced (ob/ob) obesity/diabetes. Muscle-specific Tet3 knockout (mKD) mice were generated to study TET3's role in muscle insulin sensitivity. Genome-wide expression profiling (RNA-seq) of muscle tissues from wild-type (WT) and mKD mice was performed to mine deeper insights into TET3-mediated regulation of muscle insulin sensitivity. The correlation between PGC-1α and TET3 expression levels was investigated using muscle tissues and in vitro-derived myotubes. PGC-1α phosphorylation and degradation were analysed using in vitro assays.
RESULTS: TET3 expression was elevated in skeletal muscles of humans with type 2 diabetes and in HFD-fed and ob/ob mice compared with healthy controls. mKD mice exhibited enhanced glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and resilience to HFD-induced insulin resistance. Pathway analysis of RNA-seq identified 'Mitochondrial Function' and 'PPARα Pathway' to be among the top biological processes regulated by TET3. We observed higher PGC-1α levels (~25%) in muscles of mKD mice vs WT mice, and lower PGC-1α protein levels (~25-60%) in HFD-fed or ob/ob mice compared with their control counterparts. In human and murine myotubes, increased PGC-1α levels following TET3 knockdown contributed to improved mitochondrial respiration and insulin sensitivity. TET3 formed a complex with PGC-1α and interfered with its phosphorylation, leading to its destabilisation.
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our results demonstrate an essential role for TET3 in the regulation of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and suggest that TET3 may be used as a potential therapeutic target for the metabolic syndrome.
DATA AVAILABILITY: Sequences are available from the Gene Expression Omnibus ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ ) with accession number of GSE224042.
Pre-operative: Assessment, counseling and education; preoperative nutritional drink up to 4 h prior to surgery, bowel preparation, only oral intestinal cleaner，antimicrobial prophylaxis and skin preparation; preoperative treatment with carbohydrates (patients without diabetes). Intraoperative : fast solid food before 6 h and liquid food Intake of clear fluids 2 h before anaesthesia; avoiding hypothermia keeping temperature at 36 ±0.5℃, antiemetics at end of anaesthesia. Post-operative : Postoperative glycaemic control; postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) control; early postoperative diet(3-6 h after surgery).
Objective: Citicoline can be used to reduce acute ischemic stroke injury via venous infusion, however, its protective effects in the brain extracellular space remain largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the brain protective effects of citicoline administered via the brain extracellular space and sought precise effective dosage range that can protect against ischemic injury after experimental ischemic stroke in rats. Methods: Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, intraperitoneal (IP), caudate-putamen (CPu)-25, CPu-40, CPu-50, CPu-60 and CPu-75 groups based on the infusion site and concentration of citicoline. Two hours after the administration of citicoline, the rats were subjected to a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion to mimic acute ischemic stroke. Then, the brain infarct volume in rats after stroke was measured and their neurological deficiency was evaluated to explain the protective effects and effective dosage range of citicoline. Results: Compared to the control and IP groups, brain infarct volume of rats in CPu-40, CPu-50, and CPu-60 groups is significant smaller. Furthermore, the brain infarct volume of rats in CPu-50 is the least. Conclusions: Here, we showed that citicoline can decrease the brain infarct volume, thus protecting the brain from acute ischemic stroke injury. We also found that the appropriate effective citicoline dose delivered via the brain extracellular space is 50 mM. Our study provides novel insights into the precise treatment of acute ischemic stroke by citicoline via the brain extracellular space, further guiding the treatment of brain disease.
AZD8871 is a new chemical entity possessing long-acting dualpharmacology (muscarinic receptor antagonist and β2 adrenoceptor agonist \[MABA\]) in a single molecule. This type of agent presents a novel approach to the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease \[COPD\] and potentially also asthma (in combination with an inhaled corticosteroid \[ICS\]). AZD8871 is being developed for inhalation, formulated with alpha-lactose monohydrate and delivered by dry powder inhaler (DPI) that allows delivery of a single dose of the study drug. By combining this bi-functional activity, the therapeutic goal for AZD8871 is a treatment with greater efficacy than single mechanism bronchodilators, equivalent to long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) and long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) administered as free- or fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapies, with an equivalent or superior safety and tolerability profile. The current study will start with a single dose of 300 μg AZD8871 or placebo administered to 8 healthy subjects following a 3-day washout period, dosing will then continue for a further 12 days. Following the 1st cohort, 2 further cohorts of 8 subjects each will be administered multiple ascending doses (MAD) of AZD8871 in the same manner as Cohort 1. A MAD design has been selected for this study following the first time in man (FTIM), single ascending dose (SAD) study. Each subject will only be dosed in 1 cohort. The study design allows a gradual escalation of dose (Cohorts 2 and 3) with intensive safety monitoring to ensure the safety of the subjects. In Cohort 1, subjects will receive a single dose of AZD8871 300 μg or placebo on Day 1, followed by once daily dosing on Days 5 to 16. The dosing schedule of all cohorts will be single dose of IMP (active or placebo) on Day 1, followed by once daily dosing on Days 5 to 16. Within 5 to 7 days of discharge from the unit, there will be a Follow-up Visit. Dosing of Cohorts 2 and 3 will be preceded by a safety review committee (SRC) meeting, which will decide the exact dose to be given in the subsequent cohort. The dose escalation between cohorts will not exceed a multiple of 3 and the AZD8871 dose level in the study, for any cohort, will not exceed 2100 μg per day. The planned dose for Cohort 2 is either 600 or 900 μg, however the SRC may decide a different dose level. A minimum of 5 subjects on active treatment need to complete dosing per cohort in order to proceed to the next dose level. The aim of this study is to also enable further investigations in healthy subjects to evaluate and develop AZD8871 as a dual action bronchodilator with an acceptable side-effect profile compared to other inhaled bronchodilators on the market as a treatment for COPD and asthma.
Trained exercise instructors will lead participants through an aerobic group exercise class. Sessions will begin with a 15-20 minute aerobics class and increase in duration over the 6 months capping off at 40-minutes per session. The prescribed intensity will be 50-60% of the maximum heart rate reserve for weeks one to six and 60-75% for the remainder of the program.
This arm of the trial includes assessments at weeks 0, 12, 24 and 36. A 10-week exercise + control education intervention will be delivered by physiotherapists between weeks 1 and 11.
Healthcare professionals sacrifice their sleep for increased patient care. However, this could be detrimental to their selves and the quality of healthcare service. This study used the Conservation of Resources Theory (COR) to examine the integration between the workaholic tendency of healthcare professionals and their daily sleep deprivation to determine the extent of their self-balance. The researchers used a time-lag design to measure the workaholic tendency of healthcare professionals (Total = 422 of 282 doctors and 140 nurses), observed their sleep patterns over one working week, and obtained their ratings of self-life balance. This study revealed that the relationship between workaholism and sleep deprivation and the relation between sleep deprivation and work-self balance was significant for doctors only. However, the mediating role of daily sleep deprivation between workaholism and self-balance was non-significant. This study offers some practical implications by highlighting the positive role of work and the negative role of daily sleep deprivation in maintaining self-balance for healthcare professionals.
The Standard of Care (SOC) arm will include the current care delivery model: regularly scheduled visits with a healthcare provider and lab testing every 3-6 months or more/less frequently depending on the individual's HIV health outcomes (e.g., VL suppression) . At each assessment, the investigators will review participant responses to examine acute need for referral for medical, psychological, or substance use services. In between assessments, researchers will also do monthly check-ins to improve retention and check contact information.
PURPOSE: To provide a producing method of dicalcium orthophosphate-dihydrate(DCP-D) which causes little undesirable thickening with time and has good compatibility with fluorine and stability for hydrolysis. CONSTITUTION: A suspension liquid of calcium carbonate and a soln. of ortho- phosphoric acid each in an almost stoichiometric amt. are introduced into a reaction chamber and made to react at temp. than 50 deg.C and 2.2 to 2.6 pH condition. The reaction mixture is controlled to pH 3.2 to 3.4 by adding the rest amt. of calcium carbonate suspension liquid in the finishing stage of the reaction, and the mixture is further stirred for 10 to 20 min. Then the mixture is controlled to pH 5.6 to 5.8 by adding basic compd. (preferably caustic soda). Then magnesium salt, orthophosphoric acid and caustic soda soln. each in the stoichiometric amt. are introduced at one time to the reaction mixture to precipitate dimagnesium orthophosphate trihydrate on DCP-D. The amt. of dimagnesium orthophosphate is 2 to 4 wt.% based on the precipitated DCP-D.  Then tetrasodium pyrophosphate is added by 0.2 to 0.6 wt.% of DCP-D to the water-based mixture, stirred for a short time, and the precipitated product is separated from the reaction mixture and dried.
This work is based on the core scientific premise - that increasing patient active participation and the frequency and quality of treatment cost discussions will decrease the short- and longer-term burdens of financial toxicity through their influence on self-efficacy for managing treatment cost. The focus is on patient self-efficacy for managing treatment cost because it is expected that improved treatment cost education and patient-oncologist treatment cost discussions prompted by the DISCO App will directly improve the self-efficacy needed for patients to proactively manage treatment costs, thus reducing the material and psychological burden of financial toxicity. The DISCO App is not designed to increase patients' ability to pay or reduce the cost of treatment, but it may benefit patients by increasing: their knowledge of treatment costs, their self-efficacy for managing cost, and the likelihood they receive financial and psychological assistance and support. This research is significant because, if successful, reducing the material and psychological burden of financial toxicity will improve the quality of care and work toward achieving health equity. The DISCO App has already been tested for its feasibility and acceptability. The DISCO App will now be tested for its effectiveness in a diverse population of people with solid tumors treated with IV and oral chemotherapies.
This is a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to evaluate the effects of 24-weeks tocotrienols (Tocovid Suprabio) supplementation in ALS patients. The placebo is similar in appearance but does not contain tocotrienols and consist of palm oil.
This invention relates to somatostatin agonist compounds which are potent with high selectivity toward the receptor subtype 2. The compounds provide an improved therapeutic index in the treatment of diabetes, cancer, acromegaly and retenosis. Many of the compounds are also orally active. Thus, it is an object of this invention to describe such compounds. It is a further object to describe the specific preferred stereoisomers of the somatostastin agonists. A still further object is to describe processes for the preparation of such compounds. Another object is to describe methods and compositions which use the compounds as the active ingredient thereof. Further objects will become apparent from reading the following description.
Extensive preclinical evidence demonstrates a causative link between insulin signaling dysfunction and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and diabetic drugs may represent a promising approach to fighting AD. However, it remains to be determined which antidiabetic drugs are more effective in preventing cognitive impairment. Thus, the present study investigated the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin on cognitive impairment in middle-aged mice by comparing it with the effect of metformin. We found that DPP-4 activity increased in the hippocampus of middle-aged mice, and DPP-4 was mainly expressed by microglia rather than astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. DPP-4 directly regulated M1/M2 microglia polarization following LPS or IL-4 stimulation, while DPP-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, suppressed M1-polarized activation and induced M2-polarized activation. Both linagliptin and metformin enhanced cognitive ability, increased hippocampal synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, and decreased age-related oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating microglia polarization in the hippocampus of middle-aged mice. The combination of linagliptin and metformin showed a maximum protective effect compared to the individual drugs alone. Loss of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), a DPP-4 substrate, abrogated the cognitive protection and anti-inflammation effects of linagliptin. Therefore, the current investigation exhibits a potential utility for DPP-4 inhibition in attenuating microglia-mediated inflammation and preventing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in middle-aged mice, and the effect was partly mediated by MIP-1α.
Pain is one of many complaints expressed by patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. However, no objective measure for pain severity has been available. Neurofilament light chains have been widely used for assessing axonal damage in the neuronal system. Hence, we sought to investigate whether neurofilament light chains can serve as a marker reflecting pain severity in diabetic polyneuropathy. We enrolled the patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. Serum concentrations of neurofilament light chain were then measured using a single-molecule array. Pain severity was evaluated using painDETECT and the Brief Pain Inventory. Moreover, laboratory results including, serum creatinine, HbA1c, and glomerular filtration rate. A correlation test was used to analyze each variable. A total of 42 patients were enrolled. Neurofilament light chain levels were unable to reflect current neuropathic pain severity. However, high levels of neurofilament light chain were a significant predictor of poor diabetes control (r = 0.41; p = 0.02) and kidney damage (r = 0.45; p = 0.01). Serum levels of neurofilament light chain could not reflect current pain severity but was strongly associated with kidney dysfunction and poor diabetes control. Other biomarkers that could predict pain severity need to be uncovered.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), one of the most common forms of interstitial lung disease, is a poorly understood, chronic, and often fatal fibroproliferative condition with only two FDA-approved medications. Understanding the pathobiology of the fibroblast in IPF is critical to evaluating and discovering novel therapeutics. Using a decellularized lung matrix derived from patients with IPF, we generate three-dimensional hydrogels as in vitro models of lung physiology and characterize the phenotype of fibroblasts seeded into the hydrogels. When cultured in IPF extracellular matrix hydrogels, IPF fibroblasts display differential contractility compared with their normal counterparts, lose the classical myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin, and increase expression of proinflammatory cytokines compared with fibroblasts seeded two-dimensionally on tissue culture dishes. We validate this proinflammatory state in fibroblast-conditioned media studies with monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. These findings add to a growing understanding of the lung microenvironment effect on fibroblast phenotypes, shed light on the potential role of fibroblasts as immune signaling hubs during lung fibrosis, and suggest intervention in fibroblast-immune cell cross-talk as a possible novel therapeutic avenue.
A goal-oriented sedation complies the ability to sedate the patient as deeply as necessary, and allow a modern ventilation regimen with early spontaneous breathing and a pain-free cooperative patient. The ideal sedative agent - with a short duration of action, predictable wake-up times, low drug toxicity, haemodynamic stability and less side effects, and a rational pharmacoeconomic impact nowadays - has still to be found. Inhalative anaesthetics show these properties, but until the introduction of AnaConDa© (Anesthetic Conserving Device, ACD) in 2005, the use of volatile anaesthetics on the intensive care unit (ICU) required specific evaporating devices or scavenging systems. The ACD, a modified heat- moisture filter, is connected to the breathing circuit of conventional ICU ventilators and a syringe pump delivers the volatile anaesthetic to the ACD where it is vaporized through a rod. Most of the exhaled gas is absorbed in a charcoal filter's membrane and reflected to the patient in the following inspiration. Randomised, controlled and comparative studies to the use of volatile anaesthetics in ICU via this innovative device are still missing. Isoflurane has been studied in small patient populations and in comparison to midazolam, while Sevoflurane - a newer volatile agent with short action, brief elimination time, and low hepatic biodegradation - has only been studied intraoperatively and in short-term sedation. This is the first prospective, randomised, clinical study on the feasibility of sevoflurane via the ACD for sedation in ICU patients until 72 hours in comparison to a standard intravenous sedation with propofol. The investigation will work on potential benefits and limitations of the use of volatile agents on the ICU, the quality of sedation (Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale, BIS), infusion rate stability of sevoflurane and respiratory parameters, short-term recovery (time from discontinuation of infusion until following verbal commands and extubation), haemodynamics, renal and hepatic function and adverse side effects.