anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) commonly present musculoskeletal disorders characterized by lower bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle weakness. However, the underlying etiology remains unclear. Our objective is to identify shared pleiotropic genetic effects and estimate the causal relationship between MS and musculoskeletal disorders.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR), colocalization, and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using summary statistics from recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), encompassing MS, falls, fractures, and frailty. Additional MR analyses explored the causal relationship with musculoskeletal risk factors, such as BMD, lean mass, grip strength, and vitamin D.
RESULTS: We observed a moderate genetic correlation between MS and falls (RG = 0.10, P-value = 0.01) but not between MS with fracture or frailty in the LDSR analyses. MR revealed MS had no causal association with fracture and frailty but a moderate association with falls (OR: 1.004, FDR q-value = 0.018). We further performed colocalization analyses using nine SNPs that exhibited significant associations with both MS and falls in MR. Two SNPs (rs7731626 on ANKRD55 and rs701006 on OS9 gene) showed higher posterior probability of colocalization (PP.H4 = 0.927), suggesting potential pleiotropic effects between MS and falls. The nine genes are associated with central nervous system development and inflammation signaling pathways.
CONCLUSION: We found potential pleiotropic genetic effects between MS and falls. However, our analysis did not reveal a causal relationship between MS and increased risks of falls, fractures, or frailty. This suggests that the musculoskeletal disorders frequently reported in MS patients in clinical studies are more likely attributed to secondary factors associated with disease progression and treatment, rather than being directly caused by MS itself.
The complex pathogenesis of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) was examined in a murine model, focusing on the role of pyroptosis and its exacerbation of lung injury. We specifically examined the levels and cellular localization of pyroptosis within the lung, which revealed alveolar macrophages as the primary site. The inhibition of pyroptosis by VX-765 reduced the severity of lung injury, underscoring its significant role in LIRI. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) in ameliorating LIRI was examined. Modulation of β-OHB levels was evaluated by ketone ester supplementation and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH-1) gene knockout, along with the manipulation of the SIRT1-FOXO3 signaling pathway using EX-527 and pCMV-SIRT1 plasmid transfection. This revealed that β-OHB exerts lung-protective and anti-pyroptotic effects, which were mediated through the upregulation of SIRT1 and the enhancement of FOXO3 deacetylation, leading to decreased pyroptosis markers and lung injury. In addition, β-OHB treatment of MH-S cells in vitro showed a concentration-dependent improvement in pyroptosis, linking its therapeutic benefits to specific cell mechanisms. Overall, this study highlights the significance of alveolar macrophage pyroptosis in the exacerbation of LIRI and indicates the potential of β-OHB in mitigating injury by modulating the SIRT1-FOXO3 signaling pathway.
Leucocyte interferon (I), designated alpha, specifically induced by hepatitis A virus is new. (I) ia mde by administering 1-5 drops of serum contg. hepatitis A virus but free of Australia antigen to a concer patient. A blood sample is taken at least 24 hr. after administration of the serum, coagulating and collecting the (I)-contg. serum. This is stored in a plastic tube at 4 deg.C.. This is an Addn. to 7305741 (which describes a serum induced by hepatitis A virus as an antineoplastic agent). The serum is administered orally and the blood is taken as soon as a significant increase in the level of transaminases in detected. The blood is coagulated by allowing to stand for 1 hr. at 20 deg.C, then kept for 24 hr. at 4 deg.C.. Alternatively, the blood is treated with 100 units each of heparin and Zymofrene, allowed to stand for 10 min. at 4 deg.C, then centrifuged and the plasma stored at -80 deg.C..
A desmoid tumour, also known as aggressive fibrous tumour or desmoid fibromatosis, is a rare, benign tumour originating from connective tissue cells. Desmoid tumours account for approximately 0.03+% of all neoplasms and less than 3+% of all soft tissue tumours. The estimated incidence in the general population is 2 to 4 cases per million people per year [1]. Desmoid tumours are characterised by aggressive growth but typically do not metastasize. They often occur in young adults and preferably affect specific body regions such as the abdomen, shoulder, chest, or extremities. The exact cause of the condition is not fully understood, but genetic changes and hormonal factors may play a role. Symptoms of a desmoid tumour depend on its location and size, with pain, swelling, or restricted movement commonly occurring. A diagnosis is typically made through a tissue sample (biopsy) and imaging techniques such as MRI or CT [2]. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of recurrence of a desmoid tumour in the scar at the donor site of a latissimus dorsi flap previously used for the reconstruction of desmoid resection in the lower leg.
The surgical approach involved a 7 to 9.5 cm incision along the posterior aspect of the femur starting at the tip of the greater trochanter and proceeding distally. The fascia of the gluteus maximus was split, and blunt dissection revealed the underlying abductor and external rotator musculature. The external rotators an the hip capsule were incised and preserved as one layer, with an attempt being made to preserve the insertion of the quadratus femoris on the femur. The hip was dislocated posteriorly and the femoral neck was cut in accordance with the preoperative plan.
SYFOVRE contains pegcetacoplan, a complement inhibitor. Pegcetacoplan is a symmetrical molecule composed of two identical pentadecapeptides covalently bound to the ends of a linear 40 kiloDalton (kDa) polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecule. The peptide portions of pegcetacoplan contain 1-methyl-L-tryptophan (Trp(Me)) in position 4 and amino (ethoxyethoxy) acetic acid (AEEA) in position 14.

The molecular weight of pegcetacoplan is approximately 43.5 kDa. The molecular formula is C1970H3848N50O947S4. The structure of pegcetacoplan is shown below.

SYFOVRE (pegcetacoplan injection) is a sterile, clear, colorless to light yellow aqueous solution in a single-dose vial for intravitreal use. Each vial allows for the delivery of 0.1 mL of solution containing 15 mg pegcetacoplan, trehalose dihydrate (5.95 mg), glacial acetic acid (0.0895 mg), sodium acetate trihydrate (0.0353 mg), and Water for Injection. SYFOVRE may also contain sodium hydroxide and/or additional glacial acetic acid for adjustment to a target pH of 5.0. SYFOVRE does not contain an anti-microbial preservative.
Training sham for 8 weeks using a device without provides resistance. 7 days a week. 8 sets of 2 minutes twice a day. Intensity was canceled.
Participants will receive cobimetinib (GDC-0973/XL518) at the starting dose of 0.05 mg/kg via solution or capsule, once daily for Days 1-21 of each 28-day cycle (21 days on drug followed by 7 days off treatment \[21/7 schedule\]). Treatment will continue until progressive disease (PD) or unacceptable toxicity for up to 1 year at the discretion of investigator and beyond 1 year with the agreement of the sponsor.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary dihydroartemisinin (DHA) supplementation could improve intestinal barrier function and microbiota composition in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) weaned piglets. Twelve normal birth weight (NBW) piglets and 24 IUGR piglets at 21 d of age were divided into three groups, which were fed a basal diet (NBW-CON and IUCR-CON groups) and an 80 mg/kg DHA diet (IUGR-DHA group). At 49 d of age, eight piglets of each group with similar body weights within groups were slaughtered, and serum and small intestine samples were collected. The results showed that IUGR piglets reduced growth performance, impaired the markers of intestinal permeability, induced intestinal inflammation, decreased intestinal immunity, and disturbed the intestinal microflora. Dietary DHA supplementation increased average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and body weight at 49 d of age in IUGR-weaned piglets (P < 0.05). DHA treatment decreased serum diamine oxidase activity and increased the numbers of intestinal goblet cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes, concentrations of jejunal mucin-2 and ileal trefoil factor 3, and intestinal secretory immunoglobin A and immunoglobin G (IgG) concentrations of IUGR piglets (P < 0.05). Diet supplemented with DHA also upregulated mRNA abundances of jejunal IgG, the cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and ileal IgG, Fc receptor for IgG (FcRn), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD4), CD8, MHC-I, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and enhanced mRNA abundance and protein expression of intestinal occludin and ileal claudin-1 in IUGR piglets (P < 0.05). In addition, DHA supplementation in the diet improved the microbial diversity of the small intestine of IUGR piglets and significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Streptococcus, Blautia and Streptococcus in the jejunum, and Clostridium sensu_ stricto_in the ileum (P < 0.05). The intestinal microbiota was correlated with the mRNA abundance of tight junction proteins and inflammatory response-related genes. These data suggested that DHA could improve the markers of intestinal barrier function in IUGR-weaned piglets by modulating gut microbiota. DHA may be a novel nutritional candidate for preventing intestinal dysfunction in IUGR pigs.
OBJECTIVES: Acute hemorrhage can cause significant morbidity and mortality arising from trauma, bleeding disorders, surgical procedures, or obstetric complications. Surgical hemostasis methods may fail to stop acute bleeding due to the complex bleeding dynamics of each bleeding type. Therefore, developing safe and effective topical hemostatic agents remains crucial. The human amniotic membrane (hAM) has established clinical evidence of effectiveness in promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration. Despite its unique biological and immunologic properties and its structural composition of established hemostatic elements, the hemostatic role of hAM has not been yet explored. The present study aimed to investigate this potential role and to describe the development protocol and characterization of hAM-derived topical hemostat.
METHODS: Surface electron microscope (SEM) imaging and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used for characterization, and mouse models with induced peritoneal and tail wound bleeding were employed to evaluate the hemostatic effectiveness using physiological studies, in comparison to a chitosan-based combat-scale hemostat.
RESULTS: The hAM hemostat showed a distinctive composition by SEM and FTIR. Applying equal masses of the hAM hemostat, the commercial hemostat, or a combination reduced peritoneal wound bleeding time to averages of 108.4, 86.2, and 76.8 s, respectively, compared to the control group (300 s). Tail wound bleeding times were similarly reduced with no significant difference between the hAM and the commercial hemostat (P values = 0.29, 0.34 in peritoneal and tail wounds, respectively). Neither hemostat affected coagulation time.
CONCLUSION: This study describes a simple cost-effective preparation protocol for a hAM-based hemostatic agent. The long-recognized safety, sustainability, and immunotolerance advantages of hAM can establish superiority over commercial hemostats with reported safety concerns. Robust research validation in larger-scale bleeding models is required for wider applications and severe bleeding types.
There is a coral food composition and the method of manufacture thereof, including a quantity of protein from a sea-based source and a quantity of probiotics from a land-based source; or the coral food composition includes a quantity of protein from a land-based source and a quantity of probiotics from a sea-based source. The quantity of probiotics is a fermented land-based organism. The quantity of protein is fermented. The food composition includes a quantity of one or more of the following: microalgae, plankton, fish meal, shrimp, crustacean, and algae. The food composition includes a quantity of vitamins and minerals. The food composition includes a quantity of probiotics.
Tumor hypoxia is a dynamic phenomenon marked by fluctuations in oxygen levels across both rapid (seconds to minutes) and slow (hours to days) time scales. While short hypoxia cycles are relatively well understood, the mechanisms behind longer cycles remain largely unclear. In this paper, we present a novel mechanistic mathematical model that explains slow hypoxia cycles through feedback loops involving vascular expansion and regression, oxygen-regulated tumor growth, and toxic cytokine production. Our study reveals that, for the emergence of slow hypoxia cycles, endothelial cells must adapt by decreasing receptor activation as ligand concentration increases. Additionally, the interaction between tumor cells and toxic cytokines influences frequency and intensity of these cycles. By examining the effects of pharmacological interventions, specifically poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, we also demonstrate how targeting cell proliferation can help regulate oxygen levels. Our findings enhance the understanding of hypoxia regulation and suggest PARP proteins as promising therapeutic targets.
This invention is in the field of the chemistry of targeting anticancer anthracycline derivatives. More particularly, it concerns doxorubicin (DOX) or its daunosamine modified derivatives (DM-DOX) linked covalently to analogs of peptide hormones such as LH-RH, bombesin and somatostatin. These covalent conjugates are targeted to various tumors bearing receptors for the peptide hormone analogs. The compounds of this invention are represented by General Formula Q 14  --O--R--P wherein Q has the general formula ##STR1## wherein: Q 14  signifies a Q moiety with a side chain at the 14 position, R-- is H or --C(O)--(CH 2 ) n  --C(O)-- and n=0-7, R' is NH 2  or an aromatic, saturated or partially saturated 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic compounds having at least one ring nitrogen and optionally having a butadiene moiety bonded to adjacent carbon atoms of said ring to form a bicyclic system; P is H or a peptide moiety, suitably an LHRH, somatostatin or bombesin analogs. Nevertheless where R' is NH 2  then R and P are other than H. When R and P are H, then R' is other than NH 2 . A novel synthetic reaction has been discovered in the course of this work to form partially saturated heterocyclic moieties from vicinal and disjunct i.e., α, β, or α, γ hydroxy primary amines.
Bone tissue responds to impact and strain forces, like high-intensity exercise, by upregulating the bone remolding process, resulting in the deposition of calcium phosphate minerals into the collagen matrix of bone. Bone remodeling is a continually active process that involves both activation cells regulating bone formation (osteoblasts) and resorption (osteoclasts). Alterations in the balance between formation and resorption are critical for changes in bone density and mineral content to occur, which is regulated by several hormones including vitamin D and growth hormone, the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone, and parathyroid hormone. Importantly, it remains unclear how single bouts of physical activity contribute to the overall changes in remodeling and whether those acute alterations can be detected in the hours after exercise. Additionally, research studies examining the effects of exercise on bone remodeling often draw blood samples after 24 hours of physical inactivity, potentially diminishing the magnitude of the exercise response. Therefore, we plan to evaluate the acute effects of plyometrics and resistance exercise on changes in serum hormones and markers of bone turnover in non-sedentary, healthy males, with or without a moderate calorie supplement.
The invention provides a method of culturing cells which includes a proliferating step in which the number of precursor cells is expanded and a differentiating step in which the expanded precursor cells develop into neuronal cells. The proliferating step includes the step of incubating the precursor cells in proliferating medium which includes basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The differentiating step includes incubating the precursor cells in differentiation media in a manner effective to form a cellular aggregate that is not adhered to any surface of the incubation vessel. In a preferred embodiment, the cells are incubated in a roller tube. The differentiation media can also include at least one differentiating agent. The invention also provides a method for treating a neurological disorder, such as Parkinson's disease, a method of introducing a gene product into a brain of a patient, an assay for neurologically active substances, and a cell culture.
Intravitreous anti-VEGF injection has been the most common procedure performed at eye clinics worldwide. It becomes the gold standard treatment for many macular diseases, such as diabetic macular edema and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). One of the most serious complication after intravitreous injection is post-injection endophthalmitis. There is no proven preventive strategy of post-injection endophthalmitis except the use of povidone iodine. However, a number of physicians around the world prescribe topical antibiotics after the injection, despite the lack of evidence to support the benefit of topical antibiotics to prevent the occurence of endophthalmitis. Recently, many large trials from the US including the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (DRCR.net), the Comparison of AMD Treatment Trials (CATT) study have reported the incidence of post-injection endophthalmitis comparing between eyes receiving versus not receiving post-injection antibiotics, and the results of all studies suggested that topical antibiotics does not help reduce the incidence of post-injection endophthalmitis. In addition, the results suggested that eyes receiving antibiotics had higher rate of endophthalmitis comparing to those not receiving antibiotics. Therefore, a majority of physicians in the United States have stopped prescribing antibiotics drops following the injection. However, a majority of physicians in Asia-Pacific region still prescribe antibiotics drops following the injection (according to the Preferences and Trends (PAT) survey by the American Society of Retina Specialists in 2014).

Due to the limited evidence from Asian literature whether there is difference between incidence of endophthalmitis following intravitreous anti-VEGF injection between eyes receiving antibiotics drops versus not receiving antibiotics drops in the Asian setting, the investigators conducted this study to determine the incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreous anti-VEGF injection, comparing between eyes receiving post-injection antibiotics versus not receiving. Results from this study would be beneficial to guide an appropriate practice for physicians in the Asian region.
A multidisciplinary team, involving pediatric hospitalists, pediatric emergency physicians, residents, medical students, nurses and nurse managers, and respiratory therapists will be assembled. The investigators will participate in a value stream mapping process, to map out the current pediatric bronchiolitis care process and identify areas for improvement in efficiency and effectiveness. The investigators will then begin the iterative process of implementing improvements to the bronchiolitis care process. Interventions will be evidence-based and designed to improve compliance with bronchiolitis care guidelines, as set forth by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Examples of possible interventions may include creation of a bronchiolitis admission order set, implementation of an evidence-based bronchiolitis clinical pathway, and/or institution of standardized bronchiolitis discharge criteria. Interventions will be implemented in a stepwise fashion, utilizing successive plan-do-study-act cycles, with a minimum 2 month period between interventions to monitor outcomes. The investigators will track utilization of diagnostic testing and treatments within our intervention group, as compared to historical controls who also meet inclusion criteria.
HYPOTHESIS: Unilateral costal cartilage harvesting (UCCH) for auricle reconstruction in children tends to cause thoracic deformities. Therefore, our study aimed to develop a novel bilateral costal cartilage harvesting (BCCH) method to prevent and reduce thoracic deformities.
METHODS: Patients with unilateral microtia who underwent either UCCH (n = 50) or BCCH (n = 46) were enrolled in this study. The grafts for the BCCH group were harvested from the 6th costal cartilage of the ipsilateral hemithorax and the 7th and 8th cartilage from the other hemithorax. Computed tomography and physical examination were performed to identify any physical deformities in the chest contours post-surgery. The cosmetic appearance of the thoracic scars post-surgery was evaluated using the Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating Scale (SCAR) and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS cosmetic). The numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to quantify the pain in donor sites. The reconstructed ears were assessed during the follow-up period.
RESULT: None of the patients in the BCCH group developed thoracic deformities, while 16 patients within the UCCH group developed mild (n = 12) or severe (n = 4) thoracic deformities (p < 0.001). The SCAR (3.09 vs. 2.92, p = 0.580) and VAS scores (0.96 vs. 0.90, p = 0.813) did not differ significantly between the two groups. For both treatment arms, the NRS scores were highest on the first-day post-surgery and gradually dropped over the 10 days. No significant differences were found in the NRS scores and the aesthetic outcomes of the reconstructed ears between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: The BCCH method effectively reduced the incidence of thoracic deformity at the donor site without increasing postoperative pain and cosmetic concerns for patients. It could be used clinically to improve patient outcomes of costal cartilage grafts.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 134:3572-3580, 2024.
Risk Summary

Lactation studies have not been conducted with bupivacaine. Bupivacaine has been reported to be excreted in human milk suggesting that the nursing infant could be theoretically exposed to a dose of the drug. 

SENSORCAINE/ SENSORCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE should be administered to lactating women only if clearly indicated. Studies assessing the effects of SENSORCAINE/ SENSORCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE in breastfed children have not been performed. Studies to assess the effect of SENSORCAINE/ SENSORCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE on milk production or excretion have not been performed. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for bupivacaine and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from bupivacaine or from the underlying maternal condition.
Participants received 15 mg/kg bemarituzumab administered every 2 weeks (Q2W) with a single additional bemarituzumab 7.5 mg/kg dose on cycle 1 day 8. Participants also received mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy administered Q2W. Treatment continued until unacceptable toxicity, disease progression, or death.