anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Chloroquine has been a broadly-utilized anti-malaria agent which back in 2006, had been proved to be a powerful wide-spectrum antiviral. Moreover, Chloroquine has the characteristics of anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory by inhibiting the production of TNF-α along with IL-6. In the first half of February, a study illustrated puissant inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by Chloroquine, when taking two 500-mg tablets of it by mouth per day; similar to some clinical studies in China through this outbreak. According to the news briefing of a study, it was indicated that chloroquine phosphate actually outdo the control treatment in inhibition of pneumonia exacerbation, improving lung imaging findings, and curtailing the disease course. Another study evaluated the possible doses of CQ and HCQ to find the optimized dose in treatment of COVID-19. They revealed that while within in-vitro settings Hydroxychloroquine is more potent than chloroquine. As a conclusion, they suggested a 800 mg daily dose of hydroxychloroquine, followed by an overall maintenance dose of 400 mg per day divided in two separate doses, which was three-fold more potent compared to the 500 mg twice daily administration of chloroquine in 5 days. The new study published in 16th March, pointed out that hydroxychloroquine was notably effectual in eradicating SARS-CoV-2 from the nasopharynx. Currently the evidence is quite inconclusive about the effectiveness or comparative effectiveness of either HCQ or CQ. Moreover, CQ has recently become scarce and even unavailable for ordering due to a huge demand for it, all because of a significant interest gained as a potential medicinal alternative for the management of COVID-19. In spite of all, the primary experience in China and France is propitious for the potential role of chloroquine, or alternatively hydroxychloroquine, for managing COVID-19.

The reported clinical benefits of the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for patients with COVID-19 come either from media reports or nonrandomized trials with small numbers of participants (\<100 patients). The documented benefit of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin is very limited, especially in severe disease. While these medications, individually or in combination, may prove efficacious, these benefits need to be established with randomized clinical trials prior to widespread adoption of these treatments.

The present study is a randomized, double-blind, controlled, clinical trial, with the approval of the ethics committee will be conducted on patients who have a positive test confirming COVID-19 in Shahid Modarres Medical Education Center and Hospital in Tehran. Patients will be randomly assigned to the two arms of the study and after completing the course of treatment and collecting and analyzing the necessary information from each patient, the results of the study will be published both on this site and in the form of an article in a reputable international journal.
Though psychiatric disorders are extremely common and individuals with bipolar disorder have reproductive fitness approaching population rates, we know very little about the perceptions and coping of parents with bipolar disorder related to their at-risk children. Bipolar disorder is an etiologically-complex psychiatric disorder that is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors. This study proposes to assess perceptions of parents with bipolar disorder about their illness, response to illness threat, and concerns about their children s risks. We then propose to assess whether those appraisals are associated with the outcomes of coping strategies and adaption. As informed by the Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping, we propose to use a web-based survey to examine disease perceptions, coping strategies, and adaptation to the disorder. Respondents will be recruited through the National Alliance of the Mentally Ill (NAMI). The study is cross-sectional and the survey is composed of several valid and reliable scales to measure the constructs predicted to be involved in adaptation. Open-ended questions are included to help interpret results from the measures. Knowledge about parents perceptions and coping with their own illness and with risk to children may lead to studies of potential coping interventions. Ultimately, downstream studies may help to improve parents adaptation to their own condition and how successfully they are able to manage concerns about perceived risks to their child.
PURPOSE: Due to the reclassification of transvaginal mesh as a high-risk device, there has been renewed interest in the use of fascia lata in pelvic floor reconstruction. Here we report our experience in 108 patients who underwent large fascia lata harvest for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair. Our primary objective was to highlight the postoperative morbidity of the large fascia lata harvest in patients who underwent POP repair using fascia lata autograft.
METHODS: Surgery involved harvesting a fascia lata graft through a small lateral upper thigh incision and was used for either autologous transvaginal POP repair or autologous sacrocolpopexy. To prevent seroma, a temporary Jackson-Pratt drain was intraoperatively placed and a mild compression wrap was applied to the area for 4-6 weeks postoperatively. Patient demographics were obtained preoperatively, while physical exam findings and postoperative outcomes related to the fascia lata harvest were collected at sequential follow up visits.
RESULTS: One-hundred eight patients underwent 111 large fascia lata harvests for either transvaginal or abdominal/robotic POP repair from July 2016 to January 2022. Mean follow-up was 19.6 months (range: 1-65) with 38 patients having 24 months or more of follow-up. Mean Visual Analog Pain (VAP) score was 1 (range: 0-10). Sixteen patients developed asymptomatic thigh bulges, 16 patients developed harvest site seromas (of which 14 resolved), and 59 patients experienced mild, non-bothersome paresthesia near the incision.
CONCLUSION: Large fascia lata harvest offers a robust autograft for transvaginal or transabdominal POP repair with minimal morbidity. Harvest site complications are minor and typically resolve with expectant management. This technique can be safely utilized in patients who desire graft-augmented repair of POP without the use of synthetic mesh, allograft, or xenograft.
First, assigned to wear AUDICOR device for 15 minutes. Then assigned to wear the WCD, including 6 hours of overnight wear. Total anticipated wear time with WCD is 12-16 hours. Finally, assigned to wear the AUDICOR device for another 15 minutes after finishing the WCD wear.
BACKGROUND: Speech and language are interconnected systems, and language disorder often co-occurs with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and non-CAS speech sound disorders (SSDs). Potential trade-off effects between speech and language in connected speech in children without overt language disorder have been less explored.
METHOD: Story retell narratives from 24 children (aged 5;0-6;11 [years;months]) with CAS, non-CAS SSD, and typical development were analyzed in Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT) regarding morphosyntactic complexity (mean length of C-unit in words [MLCU]), lexical diversity (moving-average type-token ratio [MATTR]), and linguistic accuracy (any linguistic error/bound morpheme omissions) and compared to 128 age-matched children from the SALT database. Linear and mixed-effects logistic regressions were performed with speech accuracy (percent phonemes correct [PPC]) and diagnostic group as predictors of the narrative variables.
RESULTS: PPC predicted all narrative variables. Poorer PPC was associated with lower MLCU and MATTR as well as a higher likelihood of linguistic errors. Group differences were only observed for the error variables. Comparison to the SALT database indicated that 13 of 16 children with CAS and SSD showed a higher-than-expected proportion of linguistic errors, with a small proportion explained by individual speech errors only.
CONCLUSIONS: The high occurrence of linguistic errors, combined with the relationship between PPC and linguistic errors in children with CAS/SSD, suggests a trade-off between speech accuracy and language output. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether children with SSDs without language disorder show more language difficulties over time as linguistic demands increase.
The invention relates to a rhizoma gastrodiae and eucommia bark healthcare capsule and a preparation method thereof. The invention relates to a healthcare product for helping to reduce the blood pressure and improve the sleep quality and a preparation method thereof. The medicine of the rhizoma gastrodiae and eucommia bark healthcare capsule is prepared by uniformly mixing fine powder of fresh rhizoma gastrodiae extract and folium cortex eucommiae extract with granularity less than 80 meshes, and the weight ratio of the rhizoma gastrodiae extract to the folium cortex eucommiae extract is as follows: the rhizoma gastrodiae extract is 3 to 7 portions; and the folium cortex eucommiae extract is 1 portion. The capsule has a reasonable formula and has good functions on helping to reduce the blood pressure and improve the sleep quality; and the manufacturing method is more scientific and effective ingredients such as unsaturated amino acid and so on contained in rhizoma gastrodiae are fullypreserved, thereby the activity of gastrodine in the product can be greatly improved. The extract obtained by juice extraction and purification of fresh rhizoma gastrodiae is mixed with the folium cortex eucommiae extract, thereby the effects of assisting to reduce the blood pressure and improve the sleep quality are better and particularly the side effects on the liver and the kidney caused by taking western medicines and other hypotensor for a long time can be avoided. Eucommia barks have the function of bidirectional regulation of the blood pressure, thereby the blood pressure of a user taking the medicine can not be reduced too low when the capsule is used.
Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either receive low-dose (250mg/d) PA-21 followed by high-dose (2000mg/d) PA-21 (sequence A-B) or to receive high-dose PA21 followed by low-dose PA21 (sequence B-A) with washout-phases in between. An open label design with a sub-therapeutic dose of PA21 as control treatment was chosen because creating a convincing placebo for PA21 is not feasible.

The study will start with two study visits on the 2nd and 3rd dialysis session of the week , where dialysis patients are still treated with standard of care to establish baseline values (duration: 0.5 weeks). Next will be an initial run-in wash-out phase, where all phosphate binders taken by the patient as standard of care treatment will be discontinued and no phosphate binders will be introduced. Consequently, there will be a PA21 treatment (high dose/low dose) phase, followed by a wash-out phase, followed by another PA21 treatment (high dose/low dose) phase, followed by a final wash-out phase. Each study phase, including wash-out phases as well as low-dose and high-dose treatment phases will be 14 days of duration. Patients will be followed up to 10.5 weeks after randomization until the last study visit of the final wash-out phase.
Hemorrhagic events, some of which were fatal, have involved the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, tumor, urinary tract, and brain. In the pooled safety population, 30% of patients experienced hemorrhagic events, including Grade 3 or 4 in 4.2% of patients. Epistaxis was the most common hemorrhagic event and gastrointestinal hemorrhage was the most common Grade 3-5 event.

Tumor-related hemorrhage was observed in patients treated with sunitinib malate. These events may occur suddenly, and in the case of pulmonary tumors, may present as severe and life-threatening hemoptysis or pulmonary hemorrhage. Pulmonary hemorrhage, some with a fatal outcome, was observed in patients treated with sunitinib malate for metastatic RCC, GIST, and metastatic lung cancer. Sunitinib malate is not approved for use in patients with lung cancer.   


Serious, sometimes fatal, gastrointestinal complications including gastrointestinal perforation, have been reported in patients with intra-abdominal malignancies treated with sunitinib malate.

Include serial complete blood counts (CBCs) and physical examinations with the clinical assessment of hemorrhagic events. Interrupt sunitinib malate for Grade 3 or 4 hemorrhagic events until resolution to Grade ≤1 or baseline, then resume sunitinib malate at a reduced dose.

Discontinue sunitinib malate in patients without resolution of Grade 3 or 4 hemorrhagic events.
In cryoinsufflation, local anesthesia will be administered to the tract area with lidocaine hydrochloride 1% or a similar local anesthetic. A needle will be mounted on a liquid nitrogen cryosurgical unit. The needle will be inserted through the entire sinus tract and cryospray will be delivered to the length of the sinus tract as the needle is retracted with the intention to induce local tissue destruction. Each spray will be 5 seconds in duration and each tract will be sprayed 3 times per treatment session. This technique has been shown to be effective in sinus tract obliteration. This intervention may prevent local disease progression and prevent patients from undergoing more invasive surgeries. Overall, this would result in improved cosmesis, decreased pain, decreased bleeding and improved patient satisfaction.
Evidence for the involvement of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification in the etiology and progression of liver fibrosis has emerged and holds promise as a therapeutic target. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) is a newly identified m6A-binding protein that functions to enhance mRNA stability and translation. However, its role as an m6A-binding protein in liver fibrosis remains elusive. Here, we observed that IGF2BP2 is highly expressed in liver fibrosis and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and inhibition of IGF2BP2 protects against HSCs activation and liver fibrogenesis. Mechanistically, as an m6A-binding protein, IGF2BP2 regulates the expression of Aldolase A (ALDOA), a key target in the glycolytic metabolic pathway, which in turn regulates HSCs activation. Furthermore, we observed that active glycolytic metabolism in activated HSCs generates large amounts of lactate as a substrate for histone lactylation. Importantly, histone lactylation transforms the activation phenotype of HSCs. In conclusion, our findings reveal the essential role of IGF2BP2 in liver fibrosis by regulating glycolytic metabolism and highlight the potential of targeting IGF2BP2 as a therapeutic for liver fibrosis.
PURPOSE:To obtain a cell-damage suppressing agent containing a pterin derivative as an active component and effective for the prevention and treatment of extrinsic and intrinsic cell damage and the protection of cell. CONSTITUTION:This cell damage suppressing agent and cell protecting agent for cell culture contains a pterin derivative of formula (R1, R2 and R5, R6 each is H or together form a double bond; R3 and R4 each is H, an alkyl or a hydroxyalkyl) as a main component. This agent exhibits cell-protecting action on an intrinsically fragile cell and cell having lowered function and cell-damage suppressing action against various damages. The pterin derivative and its salt can easily be added to a cell culture medium because of its high water solubility and can be prepared in the form of an injection. The pterin derivative is e.g. 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin, pterincarboxylic acid, biopterin, sepiapterin and 7,8- dihydroneopterin.
Approximately 35,000 Veterans have end stage kidney disease (ESKD) with an incidence of 13,000 annually. These numbers are increasing because of the epidemic of diabetes, the most common cause of ESKD, among the Veteran population. Patients with ESKD on hemodialysis have substantial cardiovascular morbidity. Veterans annual mortality is in excess of 15% and more than half the deaths are due to cardiovascular disease. Beta blockers have been shown to prevent cardiovascular events in randomized clinical trials in patients without chronic kidney disease, particularly those with heart failure and after myocardial infarction. Beta blockers are a mainstay of therapy in dialysis patients, with two-thirds of Veterans on dialysis receiving a beta blocker. There are no head-to-head randomized studies comparing the two most commonly used beta blockers in ESKD patients in the United States, metoprolol and carvedilol, but observational studies suggest superior outcomes for patients treated with metoprolol. The identification of the superior beta blocker may significantly improve the morbidity and mortality of the VA dialysis population.

The investigators aim to compare two beta blockers with similar indications, usage and availability within the VA but with major differences in patients dialysis clearance and adrenergic effects. The investigators aim to determine if patients undergoing dialysis have improved survival when using metoprolol succinate, a beta blocker that is removed by dialysis and is beta-1 selective, compared to carvedilol, a beta blocker that is not removed by dialysis and is not beta-selective and is also an alpha-blocker.
Background and Objectives: Optimal opioid analgesia is an excellent analgesia that does not present unexpected adverse effects. Nalbuphine, acting on the opioid receptor as a partial mu antagonist and kappa agonist, is considered a suitable option for patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Therefore, we aim to investigate the appropriate dosage of nalbuphine for post-operative pain management in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods: Patients were randomly categorized into low, medium, and high nalbuphine groups. In each group, a patient control device for post-operative pain control was programed with a low (0.05 mg/kg), medium (0.10 mg/kg), or high (0.20 mg/kg) nalbuphine dose as a loading dose and each bolus dose with a lockout interval of 7 min and without background infusion. Primary and secondary outcomes included the post-operative pain scale and nalbuphine consumption, and episodes of post-operative opioid-related adverse events and satisfactory scores. Results: The low-dosage group presented a higher initial self-reported pain score in comparison to the other two groups for the two hours post-op (p = 0.039) but presented lower nalbuphine consumption than the other two groups for four hours post-op (p = 0.047). There was no significant difference in the analysis of the satisfactory score and adverse events. Conclusions: An appropriate administration of nalbuphine could be 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg at the initial four hours; this formula could be modified to a lower dosage (0.05 mg/kg) in the post-operative management of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Lead (Pb) is a common environmental neurotoxicant that causes behavioral impairments in both rodents and humans. Isochlorogenic acid A (ICAA), a phenolic acid found in a variety of natural sources such as tea, fruits, vegetables, coffee, plant-based food products, and various medicinal plants, exerts multiple effects, including protective effects on the lungs, livers, and intestines. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of ICAA against Pb-induced neurotoxicity in ICR mice. The results indicate that ICAA attenuates Pb-induced anxiety-like behaviors. ICAA reduced neuroinflammation, ferroptosis, and oxidative stress caused by Pb. ICAA successfully mitigated the Pb-induced deficits in the cholinergic system in the brain through the reduction of ACH levels and the enhancement of AChE and BChE activities. ICAA significantly reduced the levels of ferrous iron and MDA in the brain and prevented decreases in GSH, SOD, and GPx activity. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that ICAA attenuated ferroptosis and upregulated GPx4 expression in the context of Pb-induced nerve damage. Additionally, ICAA downregulated TNF-α and IL-6 expression while concurrently enhancing the activations of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, BDNF, and CREB in the brains of mice. The inhibition of BDNF, Nrf2 and GPx4 reversed the protective effects of ICAA on Pb-induced ferroptosis in nerve cells. In general, ICAA ameliorates Pb-induced neuroinflammation, ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and anxiety-like behaviors through the activation of the BDNF/Nrf2/GPx4 pathways.
Candesartan Cilexetil and Hydrochlorothiazide 

Of 12 controlled clinical trials involving 4588 patients, 5 were double-blind, placebo controlled and evaluated the antihypertensive effects of single entities vs the combination. These 5 trials, of 8 to 12 weeks duration, randomized 3037 hypertensive patients. Doses ranged from 2 to 32 mg candesartan cilexetil and from 6.25 to 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide administered once daily in various combinations.

The combination of candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide resulted in placebo-adjusted decreases in sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressures of 14-18/8-11 mm Hg at doses of 16 mg/12.5 mg and 32 mg/12.5 mg. The combination of candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide 32 mg/25 mg resulted in placebo-adjusted decreases in sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressures of 16-19/9-11 mm Hg. The placebo corrected trough to peak ratio was evaluated in a study of candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide 32 mg/12.5 mg and was 88%.

Most of the antihypertensive effect of the combination of candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide was seen in 1 to 2 weeks with the full effect observed within 4 weeks. In long-term studies of up to 1 year, the blood pressure lowering effect of the combination was maintained. The antihypertensive effect was similar regardless of age or gender, and overall response to the combination was similar in black and non-black patients. No appreciable changes in heart rate were observed with combination therapy in controlled trials.
The invention relates to .gamma.-butyrobetaine and 3-(2,2,2- trimethylhydrazinium) propionate (Mildronate)-containing pharmaceutical compositions for oral, parenteral, subcutaneous or rectal administration for the treatment of heart-blood vessel diseases of various genesis and localization, blood circulation disturbances, stenocardia, myocardium infarction, arrhythmia, hypertension, myocarditis and low cardiac potency. This composition in the experiments on anaesthetized cats at a dose of 5 mg/kg of .gamma.-butyrobetaine + 5 mg/kg of Mildronate, i.v. increases a total blood flow by 18 %, blood pressure and heart rhythm being practically unchanged. The composition arrests adrenaline-induced blood vessel spasms in isolated rabbit ear, in a concentration of 2.0 .mu.M of .gamma.-butyrobetaine + 2.0 .mu.M of Mildronate, it decreases reperfusion pressure by 33 %. NO-synthase blocking essentially decreases the composition effect on adrenaline-induced blood vessel spasms. At a dose of 60 mg/kg of .gamma.-butyrobetaine + 40 mg/kg of Mildronate, the composition by 70 % declines mouse lethality from CaCl2- induced arrhythmia, and at a dose of 30 mg/kg of .gamma.-butyrobetaine + 30 mg/kg of Mildronate, p.o. by 60 % decreases rat lethality from CaCl2-induced arrhythmia. In the prophylactic and therapeutic regimens at a dose of 50 mg/kg of $(g)g-butyrobetaine + 50 mg/kg of Mildronate, the composition in the experiments on rats effectively prevents myocardium from occlusion-reperfusion- induced failures and ventricular fibrillations. In the comparative experiments the claimed composition demonstrates a more potent effect as compared with the known preparation Mildronate and .gamma.-butyrobetaine effects if they are applied separately. The composition is notable for a low toxicity and wide interval of therapeutic action safety.