anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Milnacipran hydrochloride is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), similar to some drugs used for the treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders. Antidepressants increased the risk compared to placebo of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in children, adolescents, and young adults in short-term studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders. Anyone considering the use of such drugs in a child, adolescent, or young adult must balance this risk with the clinical need. Short-term studies did not show an increase in the risk of suicidality with antidepressants compared to placebo in adults beyond age 24; there was a reduction in risk with antidepressants compared to placebo in adults aged 65 and older. Depression and certain other psychiatric disorders are themselves associated with increases in the risk of suicide. Patients of all ages who are started on milnacipran hydrochloride should be monitored appropriately and observed closely for clinical worsening, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior. Families and caregivers should be advised of the need for close observation and communication with the prescriber. Milnacipran hydrochloride is not approved for use in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Milnacipran hydrochloride is not approved for use in pediatric patients [see Indications and Usage (1), Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].
There are no data available on the effects of age, gender, or race on the pharmacokinetics of pamidronate.

###  Pediatric

Pamidronate is not labeled for use in the pediatric population.

###  Renal Insufficiency

The pharmacokinetics of pamidronate were studied in cancer patients (n=19) with normal and varying degrees of renal impairment. Each patient received a single 90-mg dose of pamidronate disodium infused over 4 hours. The renal clearance of pamidronate in patients was found to closely correlate with creatinine clearance (see Figure 1). A trend toward a lower percentage of drug excreted unchanged in urine was observed in renally impaired patients. Adverse experiences noted were not found to be related to changes in renal clearance of pamidronate. Given the recommended dose, 90 mg infused over 4 hours, excessive accumulation of pamidronate in renally impaired patients is not anticipated if pamidronate disodium is administered on a monthly basis.
PURPOSE: To describe a potential biomarker termed as inner choroidal fibrosis in cases of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) presenting to a tertiary referral center.
DESIGN: Observational case series.
METHODS: Five eyes of 4 patients with CSCR were noted to have a gray-white subretinal lesion in the macula, which was analyzed with multimodal imaging.
RESULTS: The lesions were hypofluorescent on autofluorescence, fundus fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine angiography. In all cases, a characteristic heterogeneous, hyperreflective lesion in the inner choroid was seen on optical coherence tomography (OCT), corresponding to the white subretinal lesions. The lesion was distinct from the adjacent choroid, with greater reflectivity and greater thickness than the adjacent compressed choroidal vasculature. The dilated outer pachyvessels were pushed outward or sideways in all cases. On OCT-angiography, the corresponding lesion showed flow void areas. We have termed this zone of inner choroidal hyperreflectivity "inner choroidal fibrosis." Upon analyzing the clinical course, 3 of the patients had a history of choroidal neovascularization. The contralateral eye in 2 of these 3 patients also developed choroidal neovascularization. Three of the eyes had an overlying focal choroidal excavation.
CONCLUSIONS: We report a potential biomarker of CSCR termed "inner choroidal fibrosis" in 4 cases of chronic CSCR. It can best be identified on enhanced depth or swept source OCT as a region of heterogeneous hyperreflectivity in the inner choroid. This fibrosis could be regarded as a degenerative process secondary to more severe disease in the past.
Cataract surgery is the only way to treat age-related cataract. For patients at early or moderate stages, cataract surgery is an elective surgery without objective indications. Therefore the patients are uaually not aware whether they should receive the surgery. The number of trained and qualified ophthalmologists are limited in China and lots of patients cannot have detailed consultation with ophthalmologists. As a result, many patients still have doubts about whether they should receive cataract surgery or not. In this study, we aim to assess the effectiveness of an interactive chatbot based on large language models versus senior ophthalmologists to enhance informed decisions made by cataract patients.
OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the response rate of patients with nonmetastatic, unresectable pancreatic cancer receiving external beam irradiation and weekly paclitaxel. II. Determine the median survival after this treatment in these patients. III. Evaluate the acute and late treatment morbidity of paclitaxel in these patients. IV. Correlate p53 status with treatment response to this treatment in this patient population.

OUTLINE: This is a open label, multicenter study. Patients are highly recommended to undergo laparoscopic surgical staging prior to protocol to exclude peritoneal and hepatic metastases. Patients receive paclitaxel IV over 3 hours weekly for 6 weeks beginning on day 1 followed 1.5 hours later by external beam radiotherapy daily 5 days a week for 5.5 weeks beginning on day 1. All patients are restaged with an abdominal CT scan 6 weeks following completion of chemoradiotherapy. If there is marked response to treatment at this time, curative surgery may be attempted at the discretion of the attending surgeon. Patients are followed every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for the second year, every 6 months for years 3-5, and annually thereafter.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 100 patients will be accrued into this study over 12 months.
Biobanks aim to improve our understanding of health and disease by collecting and analysing diverse biological and phenotypic information in large samples. So far, biobanks have largely pursued a population-based sampling strategy, where the individual is the unit of sampling, and familial relatedness occurs sporadically and by chance. This strategy has been remarkably efficient and successful, leading to thousands of scientific discoveries across multiple research domains, and plans for the next wave of biobanks are underway. In this Perspective, we discuss the strengths and limitations of a complementary sampling strategy for future biobanks based on oversampling of close genetic relatives. Such family-based samples facilitate research that clarifies causal relationships between putative risk factors and outcomes, particularly in estimates of genetic effects, because they enable analyses that reduce or eliminate confounding due to familial and demographic factors. Family-based biobank samples would also shed new light on fundamental questions across multiple fields that are often difficult to explore in population-based samples. Despite the potential for higher costs and greater analytical complexity, the many advantages of family-based samples should often outweigh their potential challenges.
PURPOSE:To provide a liquid obturation material capable of easily and completely obturating aneurysm and composed of a polymer hardening by the diffusion of a solvent into blood and a solvent for dissolving the polymer. CONSTITUTION:The obturation material contains a polymer (e.g. cellulose acetate polymer) hardening by the quick diffusion of a solvent into blood caused by the contact of the solvent with blood and the solvent (e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide) to dissolve the polymer. The material is mixed with an X-ray contrast medium to ascertain the obturated state after the operation. The concentration of the polymer in the solvent is 1-20%. When the liquid obturation material is applied to a patient, the material is filled from the deepest part to the neck part of the boss along the form of the aneurysm to quickly and completely obturate even an aneurysm having complicate form. The process can dispense with troublesome procedures inevitable in a balloon method, e.g. the substitution of the contrast medium and the curable substance in a balloon and the removal of the balloon liable to cause the rupture of aneurysm.
Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including Metronidazole Injection should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When Metronidazole Injection is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by Metronidazole Injection or other antibacterial drugs in the future.  
  
Advise patients that metronidazole injection may increase the risk of serious and sometimes fatal dermatologic reactions, including toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Instruct the patient to be alert for skin rash, blisters, fever or other signs and symptoms of these hypersensitivity reactions. Advise patients to stop metronidazole injection immediately if they develop any type of rash and seek medical attention.
The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine nourishing zhong blood-activating decoction for treating chronic atrophic gastritis. The chronic atrophic gastritis belongs to the categories of epigastric pain traditional Chinese medical science. The clinical manifestations of the chronic atrophic gastritis is chronic repeatable gastral cavity bloating, dull pain and scorching hot, poor appetite, etc. The chronic atrophic gastritis is mostly caused by the deficiency of spleen, stomach, qi and yin, has long course, and leads to qi depression to blood stasis. For the reason, the traditional Chinese medicines of small-leaved desmodium, onychium japonicum, eriocarpous glochidion leaf, silverweed cinquefoil root, stellaria monosperma, rhizoma polygoni paleacei, lychee seed, radix astragali, villous amomum fruit, curcuma rhizome, rhizoma sparganic and licorice are selected and prepared into decoction for being taken by patients, so as to nourish stomach-yin, clear heat and remove dampness, harmonize stomach for descending adverse qi, regulate qi and activate blood. Clinical experiments show that the curative rate and total effective rate of the blood-activating decoction can reach 66.7% and 97.8% respectively. The blood-activating decoction is low in curative cost and has small side effects.
PURPOSE:To obtain lanoline fatty acid esters, capable of providing the spreadability on the skin, compatibility with the skin, refreshing feeling, etc., thereto and further excellence in combing properties, etc., to the hair and useful as a cosmetic and an external medicine. CONSTITUTION:The lanoline fatty acid esters are esters selected from respective sterol esters, sugar esters, 2-ethylhexanol esters, higher alcohol esters and polyhydric alcohol esters of specific nonhydroxy-fatty acids and specified hydroxy-fatty acids derived from lanoline. The nonhydroxy-fatty acids comprise 30-45wt.% 10-30C iso type fatty acids, 30-50wt.% 11-31C anteiso type fatty acids and 10-30wt.% 10-30C normal type fatty acids and the sum total of the iso and the anteiso types is at least 60wt.% and the content of the hydroxy-fatty acids is <10wt.%. Furthermore, the hydroxy-fatty acids contain >=60wt.% alpha- hydroxy-fatty acids and the content of the normal type therein is 50-70wt.%. The content of the iso type is 10-30wt.% and that of the anteiso type is 0-15wt.%. The content of the omega-hydroxy-fatty acids is 0-15wt.%.
PCT No. PCT/GB81/00232 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 11, 1982 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 11, 1982 PCT Filed Oct. 23, 1981 PCT Pub. No. WO82/01593 PCT Pub. Date May 13, 1982.A method of diagnosis using an attached material for binding to an immune complex, by treating the bound complex with a series of different reagents or mixtures thereof and detecting the presence or absence of reaction in each case, this method being based on immune complexes produced in the body during infection and allowing much earlier detection and diagnosis of infection thereby providing the facility for treatment to reduce the damage caused to the body by the formation of complex.
Participants in cohort 1 (fasting) and cohort 2 (fed) will receive Treatment B on Day 1 in period 1 followed by Treatment A on Day 1 in period 2. There will be a washout period of at least 10 days between treatments.
This is a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind study. After consent, the subject will complete a Depression Screening to establish a baseline score. Within 2 hours following completion of a cesarean section, the subject will be given the study drug (600mg Gabapentin) or placebo. She will be given this every 8 hours for 48 hours scheduled. She will also have the option to take routine opioid pain medication if her pain is uncontrolled. She will be asked to rate her postoperative pain on a Visual Analog Scale prior to receiving the study drug, 2-4 hours after each dose, and at 24, 36, and 48 hours postoperatively. For breastfeeding infants, data will be collected regarding overall feeding quality, somnolence levels, gestational age at birth, infant weight at birth and discharge, the highest bilirubin level while inpatient and any treatment for this as applicable. The subject will complete the Depression Scale again at 48 hours following delivery. At one week postpartum, they will receive a phone call and the following will be addressed: a final pain survey, a Depression survey, nausea level, number of pain pills left in their prescription, adverse events, whether or not they would take the study drug again if they should happen to have another cesarean section, and infant well-being if breastfeeding.
PURPOSE: Given the rising prevalence of high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) over the past three decades, it is crucial to assess its global, national, and regional impact on chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to investigate the burden of CKD attributed to HFPG and its distribution across various levels.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: The data for this research was sourced from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. To estimate the burden of CKD attributed to HFPG, we utilized DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool. The burden was measured using age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate. Correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman rank order correlation method. Temporal trends were analyzed by estimating the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC).
RESULTS: Globally in 2019, there were a total of 487.97 thousand deaths and 13,093.42 thousand DALYs attributed to CKD attributed to HFPG, which represent a substantial increase of 153.8% and 120%, respectively, compared to 1990. Over the period from 1990 to 2019, the burden of CKD attributable to HFPG increased across all regions, with the highest increases observed in regions with high socio-demographic index (SDI) and middle SDI. Regions with lower SDI exhibited higher ASMR and age-standardized DALYs (ASDR) compared to developed nations at the regional level. Additionally, the EAPC values, which indicate the rate of increase, were significantly higher in these regions compared to developed nations. Notably, high-income North America, belonging to the high SDI regions, experienced the greatest increase in both ASMR and ASDR over the past three decades. Furthermore, throughout the years from 1990 to 2019, males bore a greater burden of CKD attributable to HFPG.
CONCLUSION: With an increasing population and changing dietary patterns, the burden of CKD attributed to HFPG is expected to worsen. From 1990 to 2019, males and developing regions have experienced a more significant burden. Notably, the EAPC values for both ASMR and ASDR were higher in males and regions with lower SDI (excluding high-income North America). This emphasizes the pressing requirement for effective interventions to reduce the burden of CKD attributable to HFPG.
BACKGROUND: Myocardial quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) may offer better specificity to iron than conventional T2* imaging in the assessment of cardiac diseases, including intra-myocardial hemorrhage. However, the precision and repeatability of cardiac QSM have not yet been characterized. The aim of this study is to characterize these key metrics in a healthy volunteer cohort and show the feasibility of the method in patients.
METHODS: Free breathing respiratory-navigated multi-echo 3D gradient echo images were acquired, from which QSM maps were reconstructed using the Morphology Enhanced Dipole Inversion toolbox. This technique was first evaluated in a susceptibility phantom containing tubes with known concentrations of gadolinium. In vivo characterization of myocardial QSM was then performed in a cohort of 10 healthy volunteers where each subject was scanned twice. Mean segment susceptibility, precision (standard deviation of voxel magnetic susceptibilities within one segment), and repeatability (absolute difference in segment mean susceptibility between repeats) of QSM were calculated for each American Heart Association (AHA) myocardial segment. Finally, the feasibility of the method was shown in 10 patients, including four with hemorrhagic infarcts.
RESULTS: The phantom experiment showed a strong linear relationship between measured and predicted susceptibility shifts (R2 > 0.99). For the healthy volunteer cohort, AHA segment analysis showed the mean segment susceptibility was 0.00 ± 0.02 ppm, the mean precision was 0.05 ± 0.04 ppm, and the mean repeatability was 0.02 ± 0.02 ppm. Cardiac QSM was successfully performed in all patients. Focal iron deposits were successfully visualized in the patients with hemorrhagic myocardial infarctions.
CONCLUSION: The precision and repeatability of cardiac QSM were successfully characterized in phantom and in vivo experiments. The feasibility of the technique was also successfully demonstrated in patients. While challenges still remain, further clinical evaluation of the technique is now warranted.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: This work does not report on a health care intervention.
The invention discloses a method for constructing a eukaryotic expression plasmid containing a human O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene and application of the eukaryotic expression plasmid to the research of drug-resistant genes. The method concretely comprises the following steps: RT-PCR is utilized to obtain cDNA of an MGMT gene from a human liver tissue, and the cDNA is cloned into a T vector and performs restriction enzyme recombination with the eukaryotic expression plasmid containing enhanced fluorescent protein to construct the eukaryotic expression plasmid containing the human MGMT gene. The eukaryotic expression plasmid containing the human MGMT gene is transfected into a K562 cell and is subjected to pressure selection to construct a steady K562/MGMT transfection cell system. The invention also comprises application of the plasmid to the change of the drug resistance of tumor cells and normal cells. The method for constructing the plasmid is based on the prior experimental conditions of cell and molecular biology, does not need large-scale and complicated experimental facilities, has simple and convenient operation, and is safe and high-efficiency. The constructed plasmid has good physical and chemical stability, is easy to detect after the plasmid is transfected into the cell, and has high abundance expression. The method provides new experimental resources and means for MGMT-related research of the drug-resistant genes as well as gene treatment and research of tumor, and is worthy to be promoted and applied.
Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, referred to here as "pancreatic cancer," is one of the deadliest of all of the solid malignancies. The five-year survival rate in the United States for individuals diagnosed today with pancreatic cancer is a dismal 12%. Many invasive cancers, including pancreatic cancer, however, arise from histologically and genetically well-characterized precursor lesions, and these precancers are curable. Precursor lesions therefore are an attractive target for early detection and treatment. This is particularly true for individuals with an increased risk of developing invasive cancer, such as individuals with a strong family history of pancreatic cancer, and individuals with a germline variant known to increase the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. There is therefore a need to understand the precursor lesions that can give rise to invasive pancreatic cancer in these individuals.
Docetaxel plus cisplatin. Docetaxel: 60mg per square metre on day 1 and Cisplatin: 60mg per square metre on day 1, repeated every 3 weeks till progression or at most 6 cycles.
OBJECTIVE: To develop the second evidence-based Brazilian Society of Rheumatology consensus for diagnosis and treatment of lupus nephritis (LN).
METHODS: Two methodologists and 20 rheumatologists from Lupus Comittee of Brazilian Society of Rheumatology participate in the development of this guideline. Fourteen PICO questions were defined and a systematic review was performed. Eligible randomized controlled trials were analyzed regarding complete renal remission, partial renal remission, serum creatinine, proteinuria, serum creatinine doubling, progression to end-stage renal disease, renal relapse, and severe adverse events (infections and mortality). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to develop these recommendations. Recommendations required ≥82% of agreement among the voting members and were classified as strongly in favor, weakly in favor, conditional, weakly against or strongly against a particular intervention. Other aspects of LN management (diagnosis, general principles of treatment, treatment of comorbidities and refractory cases) were evaluated through literature review and expert opinion.
RESULTS: All SLE patients should undergo creatinine and urinalysis tests to assess renal involvement. Kidney biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosing LN but, if it is not available or there is a contraindication to the procedure, therapeutic decisions should be based on clinical and laboratory parameters. Fourteen recommendations were developed. Target Renal response (TRR) was defined as improvement or maintenance of renal function (±10% at baseline of treatment) combined with a decrease in 24-h proteinuria or 24-h UPCR of 25% at 3 months, a decrease of 50% at 6 months, and proteinuria < 0.8 g/24 h at 12 months. Hydroxychloroquine should be prescribed to all SLE patients, except in cases of contraindication. Glucocorticoids should be used at the lowest dose and for the minimal necessary period. In class III or IV (±V), mycophenolate (MMF), cyclophosphamide, MMF plus tacrolimus (TAC), MMF plus belimumab or TAC can be used as induction therapy. For maintenance therapy, MMF or azathioprine (AZA) are the first choice and TAC or cyclosporin or leflunomide can be used in patients who cannot use MMF or AZA. Rituximab can be prescribed in cases of refractory disease. In cases of failure in achieving TRR, it is important to assess adherence, immunosuppressant dosage, adjuvant therapy, comorbidities, and consider biopsy/rebiopsy.
CONCLUSION: This consensus provides evidence-based data to guide LN diagnosis and treatment, supporting the development of public and supplementary health policies in Brazil.