anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: Small airway disease (SAD) represents a common and critical feature of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Introduced in the '60s, SAD has gradually gained increasing interest as assessment methodologies have improved. Chronic exposure to smoking and noxious particles or gases induces inflammation and remodeling, leading to airway obstruction and SAD, eventually resulting in complete airway loss.
AREAS COVERED: A literature search up to June 2024 was performed in PubMed to identify articles on SAD and airway diseases mainly COPD, but also to the extent that it seemed relevant in the uncontrolled/severe asthma field, where SAD is better studied. We provide clinicians and translational scientists with a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on SAD in COPD, concentrating on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic techniques, and current pharmacological approaches targeting airflow obstruction in small airways.
EXPERT OPINION: Small airways are the primary site for the onset and progression of airflow obstruction in patients with COPD, with significant clinical consequences associated with poor lung function, hyperinflation, and impaired quality of life. The early identification of individuals with subclinical SAD may allow us to prevent its further progress from airway loss and potential development of emphysema and choose the appropriate therapeutic approach.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a composition having antihistaminic action, a composition for preventing and treating allergic rhinitis, preventing and treating pollinosis and treating nettle rash, a food, a cosmetic, an external preparation for skin and a medicine containing them.  <P>SOLUTION: The antihistaminic composition comprises at least one or more of Croton Lechleri Muell. Arg, Uncaria tomentosa Rubiaceae, Geranium Dielsianum and Phyllanthus Niruril. The antihistaminic composition is used as a composition for preventing and treating allergic rhinitis, preventing and treating pollinosis and treating nettle rash. The functional food, the cosmetic, the external preparation for skin or the medicine containing the antihistaminic composition is used.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Olaparib will be given orally to patients in 28-day cycles. Patients will attend the clinic on days 1 (first day of treatment) and 15 of the first cycle following the beginning of study treatment and then every 4 weeks (day 1 of every cycle) until discontinuation of treatment.
In humans and animals, high-frequency electrocutaneous stimulation (HFS) induces an "early long-term potentiation-like" sensitisation, where synaptic plasticity is underpinned by an ill-defined interaction between peripheral input and central modulatory processes. The relative contributions of these processes to the initial pain or nociceptive response likely differ from those that underpin development of the heightened response. To investigate the impact of HFS-induced hyperalgesia on pain and nociception in perception and neural terms, respectively, and to explore the impact of descending inhibitory pathway activation on the development of HFS-induced hyperalgesia, we performed parallel studies utilising identical stimuli to apply HFS concurrent to (1) a conditioned pain modulation paradigm during psychophysical testing in healthy humans or (2) a diffuse noxious inhibitory controls paradigm during in vivo electrophysiological recording of spinal neurones in healthy anaesthetised rats. High-frequency electrocutaneous stimulation alone induced enhanced perceptual responses to pinprick stimuli in cutaneous areas secondary to the area of electrical stimulation in humans and increased the excitability of spinal neurones which exhibited stimulus intensity-dependent coded responses to pinprick stimulation in a manner that tracked with human psychophysics, supporting their translational validity. Application of a distant noxious conditioning stimulus during HFS did not alter perceived primary or secondary hyperalgesia in humans or the development of primary or secondary neuronal hyperexcitability in rats compared with HFS alone, suggesting that, upon HFS-response initiation in a healthy nervous system, excitatory signalling escapes inhibitory control. Therefore, in this model, dampening facilitatory mechanisms rather than augmenting top-down inhibitions could prevent pain development.
If the patient is assigned to QFR-guided PCI, QFR is first measured in all coronary arteries with DS% ≥ 50% and ≤ 90%. Then PCI treatment is performed in lesions with QFR ≤ 0.80, and optimal medicine treatment is prescribed to those with QFR \> 0.80. It is strongly recommended to select the device size based on the 3D-QCA measurements in this group.
NEW MATERIAL:A sugaralcohol ester derivative consisting of a disaccharide alcohol and a fatty acid. EXAMPLE:Maltitol polystearate. USE:A neutrophils activator. Effective as a carcinostatic agent, antimicrobial agent, etc. having low toxicity. PREPARATION:1mol disaccharide alcohol such as maltitol, etc. is condensed with preferably >=2mol fatty acid (preferably myristic acid, etc.) chloride in N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of a dehydrohalogenating agent such as pyridine.
All study participants will receive Pembrolizumab + sEphB4-HSA through a needle in a vein in their arm for an hour in an outpatient clinic. Pembrolizumab will be given at Day 1 of each 3 week cycle. The study drug (sEphB4-HSA) will be given at Day 1, 8, and 15 of each 3 week cycle.
Pediatric diseases，including congenital cataract,，corneal injury，corneal ulcer, usually need suture removal and ophthalmic examination after Surgery for several days. Unfortunately, it remains a great challenge to achieve successful sedation to avoid body movement and keep perfect eye position due to children's noncooperation. Thus, appropriate sedative agents therefore need to be administrated to perform this minor surgery. Sevoflurane is used frequently inhalational anaesthetic agent to provide pediatric anaesthesia because of the nonirritant nature. It has been used for successful keeping spontaneous breathing without tracheal intubation. It should be noted that sevoflurane often results in air pollution under the open airway background and emergence agitation. High concentrations of sevoflurane may causes respiratory depression due to the decrease in tidal volume during spontaneous ventilation.

Ketamine is widely used for procedural sedation, which produces a dissociated state with minimal risk of airway compromise or apnea. Esketamine is the S (+) isomer of ketamine, It has enhanced analgesic potency and faster elimination compared to ketamine. However, it may also cause agitation during the recovery time. Based on these experiences on ketamine, we compared the effectiveness of esketamine and sevoflurane for short ophthalmological procedure in pediatric patients.
ColonAiQ polygene methylation test was performed on peripheral blood plasma samples from the enrolled patients 4 weeks after surgery. If the gene methylation level detected in the samples did not exceed the threshold, the patients were enrolled in the MRD negative group. The 2-year total tumor recurrence rate of patients in the negative MRD group was calculated, and the negative prediction rate of postoperative plasma ctDNA methylation-MRD test results for 2-year tumor recurrence rate after radical resection of colorectal cancer was calculated.
PURPOSE:To provide an interleukin-1 production inhibitor effective for therapy or prevention of, e.g. diseases caused by overproduction of IL-1, e.g. chronic articular rheumatism, osteoporosis, sepsis or psoriasis, asthma or IL-1 dependence such as myelocytic leukemia and for immunosuppression in organ transplantation. CONSTITUTION:This inhibitor contains a compound (salt) of formula I (A...B is formula II or formula III; R1 is H, a lower alkyl or a lower acyl; R2 is H or a halogen; R3 is a lower alkyl; R4 is H or a lower acyl). As this compound, the compound of formula IV, etc., is exemplified. In addition, this inhibitor is administrated preferably in an amount of about 0.02mug/kg to 2mg/kg per day on the compound (salt) base in the case of injection or about 5mug/kg to 500mg/kg per day in the case of oral administration.
Young adults report chronic pain at rates of around 12% but lack access to clinical services. There is interest in learning how this emerging adult population engages with and responds to treatment. Using data from young adults aged 18 to 30 years (Mage = 25.8, SD = 3.2), taken from 4 previous randomised controlled trials, the current study investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of an internet-delivered psychological pain-management intervention for young adults with chronic pain. We compared young adults in a treatment group (n = 104) with 1) a young-adult wait-list control group (n = 48), and 2) a treatment group reflecting the average-aged participant from the previous trials (39-63 years, n = 561). Feasibility was determined through treatment engagement, adherence and completion, and acceptability through a treatment satisfaction measure. Clinical outcomes were disability, pain intensity, anxiety, and depression; assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Generalised estimation equation analyses were undertaken, using multiple imputations to account for missing data. Young adults had high engagement and acceptability ratings, though 34% did not complete the intervention. The treatment group significant improved across all outcomes, compared with control, with improvements maintained at follow-up. Post-treatment improvements were equivalent for young-adult and average-aged adult treatment groups, with no significant differences in feasibility or acceptability outcomes. Findings indicate young adults can engage with and show improvements following a psychological pain-management intervention designed for all adults with chronic pain. Future research is encouraged to examine outcomes related to role functioning of young adults, and moderators of treatment acceptability and efficacy for this population. PERSPECTIVE: Secondary analysis of data from 4 RCTs found an Internet-delivered psychological pain-management intervention acceptable and clinically efficacious for improving disability, anxiety, depression and pain intensity in young adults (18-30) with chronic pain.
Patients presenting to the participating hospitals with a heart attack will be approached to participate in the study. After angioplasty has been performed, the IMR will be measured in the infarct related artery. If the IMR is \>32 patients will be randomised to receive intracoronary clot dissolving therapy in the form of low dose tenecteplase (TNK) or water as a placebo. Patients who have an IMR ≤32 will be followed up in a registry. Cardiac enzymes will be measured at baseline and discharge. Randomised participants will receive a cardiac MRI at discharge (3-7 days post primary PCI) and at 6 months post PCI. All participants will be followed up at 30 days, and 6, 12 and 24 months following discharge.
Pes planus is a foot arch deformity, is also known as flexible flat foot. Foot arch plays an important role in cushioning ground impact and stabilizing the body in standing and walking. Children with pes planus lack an elastic foot arch to attenuate the impact force. This condition results in pain and impaired lower limb function. Low Dye taping and shoe insoles are used to treat Pes Planus. Low Dye taping technique is designed to off-load the plantar fascia and provide medial ankle arch support. It is a classic taping method incorporating functional mechanical support of the foot and ankle. Low-Dye taping is commonly used to support the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot.

A shoe insole is the footbed or material inside the shoe that the bottom or plantar surface of your foot lays on. In most well-made shoes today, the material or insole is removable. There are shoes that have glued in insoles, however in general these are shoes that are not as well made. The removable insoles that come in most shoes vary in type and material ranging from very simple thin cushioning to sophisticated multiple layered arch support inserts. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of Low dye taping and shoe insoles on pain and disability in children with pes planus.

The study will be Randomized Clinical trial. Total twenty four subjects will be assigned randomly by using block randomization into two groups (12 in each group). Both Groups will be experimental groups. Group A will be given low dye taping and Group B would be given temporary felt insoles. After confirmation of diagnosis with medical history and physical examination as well as different movement palpation tests and pain provocation tests are recommended. The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPR) would be used as an outcome measure tools for pain and disability respectively. Measure will be taken at (Baseline and at the end of treatment session). The collected data will be analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 27.0. Parametric/non-parametric tests will be applied after testing normality of data.
Radiofrequency Ablation Procedure. Subjects who are undergoing AF ablation with traditional ablation technology at the same centers by the same operators. Control patients will be enrolled in a 1:2 ratio compared to the PVAC cohort. Intervention is the use of Radiofrequency Ablation.
Dentin conditioner was applied to the prepared crown surfaces for 20 sec, then rinsed, and dried. Capsule was activated, mixed for 10 seconds in an amalgamator, then loaded into the capsule applier to extrude cement directly into the crown, the crown was properly positioned over the tooth, cement was allowed to self-set for 2 minutes while maintaining gentle pressure on the crown, excess cement was removed before complete setting of cement.
Precancerous and cancerous lesions of the uterine cervix are known to be associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The screening of high-risk (HR)-HPV infection in the female population has led to the discovery of several cases of a double cervix, a congenital malformation that is very rare. The purpose of this study was to evaluate HR-HPV infections in women with a double cervix within the National Cervical Cancer Screening program of the Lazio region (Italy). From June 2021 to March 2024, a total of 142,437 samples were analyzed by Seegene's Anyplex TM II HR-HPV method, which identifies 14 HR-HPV genotypes. For each woman identified with a double cervix, two separate samples were taken from both cervices and analyzed separately. Twenty-seven women with a double cervix were identified (0.019%): 23 women were tested as negative for both cervices, while the remaining four (namely A, B, C, and D) resulted positive. By genotyping, the following results were obtained: (A) Both samples showed genotype 31; (B) one cervix was negative while the other showed genotype 58; (C) one cervix was positive for HPV 18 and 31 while for 18, 31, and 33 in the other; and (D) one cervix showed genotype 66 while the other carried the 66 and 68 genotypes. Double cervix is a very rare condition where the presence of HR-HPV genotypes is not homogeneous. As already described, our study confirms that different genotypes can be detected in double cervix malformation, suggesting the need to perform HPV screening on brushing samples from both cervices.
FIELD: veterinary. SUBSTANCE: novel method of preventing and treating necrobacteriosis prescribes treating distal portions of extremities by aqueous solution of preparation which comprises 80.0 % by weight methanolformaldehyde water, 10.0 % by weight methylalmethanol fraction, and 10.0 % by weight high-boiling product. This invention teaches that extremities be sprinkled twice a month for prophylaxis. For treating necrobacteriosis, extremities are to be submerged in bath containing above solution twice a week during 12 to 15 days. EFFECT: greater effectiveness of treatment. 3 cl, 1 tbl
The investigators propose to fill the research gaps through a Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) trial of incentives for walking. A MOST trial is ideally suited for situations in which a proposed intervention has many potential intervention components. A MOST trial consists of three phases. A screening phase trial is used to efficiently identify-through a factorial designed randomized trial-the effective components of a complex intervention like incentives. A refining phase trial tests the optimal dose (size or duration) of the incentives. A confirmatory phase trial tests the optimal components and dose against a usual care control. The goal of the proposed study is to conduct the screening phase trial in 128 Veterans to identify the optimal components of incentives for increasing walking among physically inactive Veterans. All Veterans in this phase will be given various components of incentives for increasing average steps per day to 7,000 steps over a 12-week habit-building period, and then maintaining the increase through a 12-week habit maintenance period. The specific aims are:

Aim 1: Conduct a 24 factorial designed screening-phase trial of incentives for increasing average steps per day to 7,000 steps over 12 weeks among physically inactive Veterans. Every patient in the trial will be given a Fitbit Inspire activity monitor and assigned to a group that receives different components of incentives. The investigators will test four different incentive factors: 1) lottery vs. loss framed incentives, 2) financial vs. non-financial incentives, 3) a pre-commitment postcard reminder of a Veteran's stated intrinsic reason for commitment to PA vs. no pre-commitment postcard, and 4) a request for PA advice from a Veteran on staying active vs. no request. The first factor has never been tested in a population like the VA. Factors 2-4 are designed specifically to sustain the effects of incentives after the incentive is removed. Factor 4 is a novel hypothesis that has never been tested outside of educational research: specifically, that asking for advice from a Veteran is more motivating than giving advice to them, even if that Veteran is struggling with low physical activity themselves. The primary outcome is change in steps per week from baseline to week 24.

Aim 2. Conduct cost analyses and qualitative interviews. The cost of administering each component and qualitative assessments of the acceptability of each component to trial participants will inform the decision of which components to retain for the subsequent refining and confirmatory phase trials.

Aim 3. Convene an expert panel to choose components for the next phases of the MOST trial. The panel will weigh each component in terms of its effect on step counts (Aim 1), administrative costs and participant-reported qualitative assessments (Aim 2), and the strength of the theoretical basis for the component's effect on physical activity.
OBJECTIVE: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) can result from dominant, gain of function variants of neuronal ion channels. More than 450 de novo missense variants of the sodium channel gene SCN8A have been identified in individuals with DEE.
METHODS: We studied a mouse model carrying the patient Scn8a variant p.Asn1768Asp. An AAV-PHP.eB virus carrying an allele-specific single guide RNA (sgRNA) was administered by intracerebroventricular injection. Cas9 was provided by an inherited transgene.
RESULTS: Allele-specific disruption of the reading frame of the pathogenic transcript generated out-of-frame indels in 1/4 to 1/3 of transcripts throughout the brain. This editing efficiency was sufficient to rescue lethality and seizures. Neuronal hyperexcitability was reduced in cells expressing the virus.
INTERPRETATION: The data demonstrate efficient allele-specific editing of a dominant missense variant and support the feasibility of allele-specific therapy for DEE epilepsy. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:958-969.
NEW MATERIAL:A compound shown by formula I (R<1> is OH-protecting group). EXAMPLE:(3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-(1,4-Dimethoxy-5,8-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-4-dim ethyla mino-2,3,5-trimetkoxymethyloxy-6-methyl-3,4,5,6--tetrahydro-2H-pyan. USE:A carcinostatic agent. PREPARATION:Lithium slat of 1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphtahlene is added to a compound shown by formula II to give a compound shown by formula III. Then, its t-butyldimethylsilyl group is removed and the reaction product is oxidized to give a compound shown by formula IV. This compound is then reduced, and a protecting group is introduced to hydroxyl group at the 2-position of the prepared compound shown by formula V and the reaction product is reduced to give a compound shown by formula VI. Further this compound is oxidized to give a compound shown by formula I.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The amplitude, timing, and determinants of improvement with available treatments are uncertain in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Our primary objective was to quantify categorized outcomes with routine care.
METHODS: We retrospectively studied treatment response within 36 months from initiation in 112 consecutive subjects with CIDP. Response was classified into a proposed new "CIDP treatment-response category" (CT-RC), based on achieved endpoints. Determinants of the CT-RC, of timing of maximum improvement, and of treatment discontinuation were ascertained.
RESULTS: The CT-RC demonstrated high concurrent validity with current outcome measures. Thirty-six subjects (32.1%) achieved a "complete response," 37 (33%) a "good partial response," 10 (8.9%) a "moderate partial response," and 15 (13.4%) a "poor partial response." Fourteen subjects (12.5%) were "nonresponsive." The CT-RC was independently predicted only by age. Mean time to maximum improvement was 12.1 months (range = 1-36) and was not associated with any pretreatment covariate. Treatment discontinuation occurred in 24 of 62 (38.2%) partial responders and was only associated with shorter pretreatment disease duration. Nonresponders were older and received a similar number of treatments compared to responders.
CONCLUSIONS: CT-RC classification indicates persistent disability in >60% of treatment responders in CIDP. Timing of maximum improvement is variable, frequently delayed, and unpredictable. Treatment withdrawal without deterioration is achievable in approximately 40% of subjects and may be more likely with prompt treatment. Treatment withdrawal in partial responders and limited escalation in nonresponders suggest implication of physician- and patient-related factors in suboptimal response. More effective treatments/treatment methods and better understanding of other factors influencing response are needed in CIDP.