anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The present study aims to screen and evaluate the early clinical predictors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in Hunan province. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023 to October 2023 to collect data on long-term T2DM patients who settled in Hunan province and were treated in the Department of Geriatrology at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The patients were grouped according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. Basic patient information and multiple serum markers were collected, and differences between groups were compared using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis (KW) tests. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess risk factors and Nomogram models were constructed. The logistic regression analysis showed that years of education and serum levels of 1, 5-AG were related factors for the progression of T2DM to T2DM with MCI, and body weight, years of education and FPN levels affected the progression of T2DM with MCI to T2DM with dementia. Based on this, two Nomogram risk prediction models were established. The area under the curve (AUC) of the Nomogram model predicting T2DM progression to T2DM combined with MCI was 0.741, and the AUC of the Nomogram model predicting T2DM combined with MCI progression to T2DM combined with dementia was 0.734. The calibration curves (DCA) of the two models in the training and validation sets were symmetrically distributed near the diagonal line, indicating that the models in the training and validation sets could match each other. In summary, body weight, years of education, and serum HDL-3, FPN, and 1, 5-AG levels are associated with the development of MCI and dementia in T2DM patients. The Nomogram models constructed based on these factors can predict the risk of MCI and dementia in T2DM patients, providing a basis for clinical decision-making.
Patients undergo RT as in the feasibility arm and receive temozolomide PO once daily for 42 days by day 5 of RT. Patients receive Maintenance therapy of bevacizumab 10mg/kg/dose every 2 weeks and temozolomide 200 mg/m2/dose Days 1-5, for up to twelve cycles in the absence of progressive disease and unacceptable toxicities.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve a beauty effect and performance to hair, skin, etc., and to hardly cause a sticking of a dirt at an instrument around water and its peripheral by converting a soft water low in calcium concn. and magnesium concn. to a constitution containing no free residual chlorine. SOLUTION: An aq. soln. having a free residual chlorine concn. of 2 ppm is prepared, and 0-6 ppm vitamin C is added to the aq. soln. and the concn. of the free residual chlorine remaining without being decomposed by the vitamin C is calculated. A free residual chlorine removing ability of the vitamin C at each concn. is obtained based on the calculated result. That is, 4 ppm vitamin C is added to city water to remove almost free residual chlorine, thereafter the city water is passed through a strongly acidic cation exchange resin having a hydrogen type functional end to obtain a beauty and antifouling water having 5 ppm calcium concn., 2.5 ppm magnesium concn. and 0.05 ppm free residual chlorine concn.
1. One vial of doxapram (400 mg) should be mixed with 180 mL of dextrose 5% or 10% or normal saline solution (concentration of 2 mg/mL). The infusion should be started at 1 to 2 mg/minute (½ to 1 mL/minute); if indicated, increase to a maximum of 3 mg/minute. Arterial blood gases should be determined prior to the onset of doxapram’s administration and at least every half hour during the two hours of infusion to insure against the insidious development of CO2-RETENTION AND ACIDOSIS. Alteration of oxygen concentration or flow rate may necessitate adjustment in the rate of doxapram infusion. 
  2. Predictable blood gas patterns are more readily established with a continuous infusion of doxapram. If the blood gases show evidence of deterioration, the infusion of doxapram should be discontinued. 
  3. ADDITIONAL INFUSIONS BEYOND THE SINGLE MAXIMUM TWO HOUR ADMINISTRATION PERIOD ARE NOT RECOMMENDED.



Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
Preoperative identification of intracranial meningiomas with aggressive behaviour may help in choosing the optimal treatment strategy. Radiomics is emerging as a powerful diagnostic tool with potential applications in patient risk stratification. In this study, we aimed to compare the predictive value of conventional, semantic based and radiomic analyses to determine CNS WHO grade and early tumour relapse in intracranial meningiomas. We performed a single-centre retrospective analysis of intracranial meningiomas operated between 2007 and 2018. Recurrence within 5 years after Simpson Grade I-III resection was considered as early. Preoperative T1 CE MRI sequences were analysed conventionally by two radiologists. Additionally a semantic feature score based on systematic analysis of morphological characteristics was developed and a radiomic analysis were performed. For the radiomic model, tumour volume was extracted manually, 791 radiomic features were extracted. Eight feature selection algorithms and eight machine learning methods were used. Models were analysed using test and training datasets. In total, 226 patients were included. There were 21% CNS WHO grade 2 tumours, no CNS WHO grade 3 tumour, and 25 (11%) tumour recurrences were detected in total. In ROC analysis the best radiomic models demonstrated superior performance for determination of CNS WHO grade (AUC 0.930) and early recurrence (AUC 0.892) in comparison to the semantic feature score (AUC 0.74 and AUC 0.65) and conventional radiological analysis (AUC 0.65 and 0.54). The combination of human classifiers, semantic score and radiomic analysis did not markedly increase the model performance. Radiomic analysis is a promising tool for preoperative identification of aggressive and atypical intracranial meningiomas and could become a useful tool in the future.
Background: The knowledge of risk factors for falls and fractures amongst older individuals are enormous, still identification of fallers and prevention of falls is not part of Swedish standard of care. Some risk factors are more or less overlooked, such as alcohol consumption, orthostatic reactions, as are increased risks related to common medications such as certain antidepressants, opioids and sedatives. Although functional activity and frailty scores have been suggested to be potential predictors of adverse events, length of hospital stay and mortality, the use of standardized questionnaires has not been implemented in routine care in Sweden. Furthermore, outcomes after fragility fractures, a well known consequence of falls among older individuals, are continuously poor, although palpable improvements have been reached regarding surgical treatment. Are there other factors that are equally or more decisive for the global outcome from the patient's point of view?

Material \& Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study, all in-patients treated due to a fall-related trauma (fracture, dislocation or contusion) at the Department of Orthopaedics, Skane University Hospital Malmö, aged 65 years or older will be invited to participate during a 1-year study period. In all participants, a standard package of blood samples, temperature, measurement of orthostatic blood pressure and grip strength, grading of frailty and activity will be routinely obtained.
Participants in the diet intervention group will be asked to fill out online surveys and book appointments for blood sample collection and weight measurements at the beginning and at the end of the study. After visiting the clinic for the first time, each participant will be contacted to start a diet coaching program and to obtain an activity tracking device. In addition, each participant will be asked to report their weight two more times during the study (in months 2 and 4) with an online survey that will be sent to them via the online portal of the study (OmaBiopankki portal). The study participation ends with another personal visit to the clinic for blood sampling and weight measurement six months after registration.
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS   


Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The following serious adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the labeling: Cardiovascular thrombotic events [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions  (5.1)] Gastrointestinal effects – risk of GI ulceration, bleeding, and perforation [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions  (5.2)] Hepatic effects [see Warnings and Precautions  (5.3)] Hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions  (5.4)] Congestive heart failure and edema [see Warnings and Precautions  (5.5)] Renal effects [see Warnings and Precautions  (5.6)] Anaphylactoid reactions [see Warnings and Precautions  (5.7)] Adverse skin reactions [see Warnings and Precautions  (5.8)] 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Adults Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis The MOBIC Phase 2/3 clinical trial database includes 10,122 OA patients and 1012 RA patients treated with MOBIC 7.5 mg/day, 3505 OA patients and 1351 RA patients treated with MOBIC 15 mg/day. MOBIC at these doses was administered to 661 patients for at least 6 months and to 312 patients for at least one year. Approximately 10,500 of these patients were treated in ten placebo- and/or active-controlled osteoarthritis trials and 2363 of these patients were treated in ten placebo- and/or active-controlled rheumatoid arthritis trials. Gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events were the most frequently reported adverse events in all treatment groups across MOBIC trials. A 12-week multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial was conducted in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip to compare the efficacy and safety of MOBIC with placebo and with an active control. Two 12-week multicenter, double-blind, randomized trials were conducted in patients with rheumatoid arthritis to compare the efficacy and safety of MOBIC with placebo. Table 1a depicts adverse events that occurred in greater than or equal to 2% of the MOBIC treatment groups in a 12-week placebo- and active-controlled osteoarthritis trial. Table 1b depicts adverse events that occurred in greater than or equal to 2% of the MOBIC treatment groups in two 12-week placebo-controlled rheumatoid arthritis trials.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Metaphyseal-stabilised short stems rely on sufficient metaphyseal fixation and are inserted by following the medial cortex. This type of stem is used extensively in our institution, and we observed on occasion unintended implant positioning with an increased distance between the implant and the medial cortex. A bony structure within the proximal femur which was first described in 1874 and named the calcar femorale, coincides with this phenomenon.The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the calcar femorale on the position of a metaphyseal-stabilised short stem.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The frequency of cases with an increased distance between medial cortex and the implanted short stem was analysed in 52 consecutive patients. Additionally, we performed an anatomical CT study with 60 cadaveric femora to obtain more detailed information on the anatomy of the calcar femorale. Detailed measurements regarding the calcar femorale and its relationship to the proximal femur were obtained. From this, we derived implications for the implantation of a short stem prosthesis.
RESULTS: In 50% of all cases, we found an increased gap between the stem and the medial cortex. An increased gap did not significantly affect stem size, position, or subsidence rate, but in cases with an increased gap we found fewer stems with a radiologically optimum fit. The calcar could be identified in all 60 cadavers. The calcar femorale angle showed a high correlation with the mechanical antetorsion (0.87, p = 0.02) and the functional antetorsion (0.86, p = 0.05) of the femur.
CONCLUSIONS: The calcar femorale is a consistent anatomical structure which may be the cause for an increased gap medial to the short stem in 50% of our cases. It limits the intramedullary space and influences both stem size and orientation. The CF angle which correlates with femoral antetorsion may influence the anteversion of the stem.
The purpose of this document is to update the 2013 AUGS Position Statement based on subsequent decisions made by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, published clinical data, and relevant society and national guidelines related to the use of surgical mesh. Urogynecologists specialize in treating pelvic floor disorders, such as pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence, and have been actively involved and engaged in the national and international discussions and research on the use of surgical mesh in the treatment of POP and stress urinary incontinence. In 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ordered manufacturers of transvaginally placed mesh kits for prolapse to stop selling and distributing their devices, stating that the data submitted did not provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness. Evidence supports the use of mesh in synthetic midurethral sling and abdominal sacrocolpopexy. The American Urogynecologic Society (AUGS) remains opposed to any restrictions that ban currently available surgical options performed by qualified and credentialed surgeons on appropriately informed patients with pelvic floor disorders. The AUGS supports the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's recommendations that surgeons thoroughly inform patients seeking treatment for POP about the risks and benefits of all potential treatment options, including nonsurgical options, native tissue vaginal repairs, or abdominally placed mesh. There are certain clinical situations where surgeons may assert that the use and potential benefit of transvaginal mesh for prolapse outweighs the risk of other routes/types of surgery or of not using mesh. The AUGS recommends that surgeons utilize a shared decision-making model in the decision-making process regarding surgical options, including use of transvaginally placed mesh.
Currently, in Slovakia, a multidisciplinary standard of health care for patients with dilation of the urinary tract is not present. Prenatal diagnosis of anomalies of the urinary system includes the entire spectrum of anomalies, genetic diseases or anatomical deviations, which have a non-uniform classification and different terminology in a wide range of literature. Therefore, prenatal diagnosis of these anomalies, as well as dilation diseases of the urinary tract, in different centers is different, often subjective and outdated. However, some findings on the urinary tract, even with regard to the sex of the fetus, require great attention, defining the degree of severity and precisely targeted management, the task of which is to prevent serious complications in postnatal life. Dilative diseases of the urinary tract may not be clinically obvious after birth, but in the long term, if they are not detected, serious and irreversible kidney damage may occur. The goals of this study are therefore 1. to confuse the current situation in the multidisciplinary medical sector regarding the issue of dilations of the urinary tract; 2. in the conducted study to identify fetuses with such a degree of dilation of the urinary tract (according to the UTD classification from 2014) that requires stricter management in the prenatal and postnatal period and which are at high risk of surgical intervention postnatally and 3. subsequently create a model of health care for multidisciplinary cooperation for a patient with dilation of the urinary tract.
PURPOSE:To obtain the titled composition having excellent feeling of use by applying to a wound part, by passing an aqueous suspension of powdery chitin under a specific pressure through a homogenizer, freeze drying the resultant creamy suspension, pulverizing the freeze dried material, dispersing and homogenizing the formed fine powder in vaseline, etc. CONSTITUTION:Nontoxic, odorless and colorless chitin powder, obtained from a natural product, particularly animal, having pharmacological action is dispersed in water and the resultant suspension is then passed through an orifice of a small diameter to apply at least 200kg/cm<2> pressure, preferably 350-560kg/cm<2> pressure and high speed to the suspension. The resultant suspension is then made to collide, rapidly decelerated and subjected to sharing action. The above-mentioned operation is repeated to provide a stable suspension. In the second step, the suspension obtained in the first step is subsequently freeze-dried to afford a dried material, which is pulverized. In the third step, the fine powder in the second step is dispersed in vaseline, glycols, etc., in the same manner as in the first step and the resultant aimed substance is used as an active ingredient.
The study is designed as a single arm, open-label, mono-center exploratory trial, aiming to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of oral all-trans retinoic acid in combination with toripalimab in patients with locally advanced, unresectable, recurrent, or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who had failed second-line and subsequent standard treatments. 32 subjects are planned to be enrolled. Eligible participants are subjected to take all-trans retinoic acid orally at a dose of 150 mg/m2 per day, twice a day for three consecutive days per cycle (d0\~d2), and intravenous infusion of PD-1 monoclonal antibody at a dose of 240 mg on day 1 of each cycle (d1), with cycles repeated every 3 weeks until disease progression, death, loss to follow-up, intolerable toxicity, or meeting other withdrawal or termination criteria (whichever occurs first), for a maximum duration of 2 years. Each subject's study process includes a screening period (within 28 days), a treatment period, and a follow-up period. Subjects will sign the informed consent form and complete all baseline assessments during the screening period. Qualified subjects will enter the treatment period, followed by the survival follow-up every 3 months after the completion of the treatment period. Tumor assessments (contrast-enhanced CT) will be conducted every 2 cycles (6 weeks) during the combination treatment period, and efficacy evaluation will be based on RECIST 1.1 criteria. Moreover, iORR and iPFS were assessed by investigators based on iRECIST criteria. Adverse events will be assessed using NCI-CTCAE version 5.0, with observation of adverse events up to 30 days after the last treatment.
Serum inhibin, estradiol, and total follicular volume responded as a function of time, with pronounced inter-woman variability in healthy volunteers administered GONAL-F. Pharmacodynamic effect lagged behind FSH serum concentration. Serum inhibin levels responded with the least delay and declined rapidly after discontinuation of GONAL-F. Follicular growth was most delayed and continued even after discontinuation of GONAL-F, and after serum FSH levels had declined. Maximum follicular volume correlated better with inhibin and estradiol peak levels than with FSH concentration. Inhibin rise was an early index of follicular development.

FSH serum levels following fixed (during the first five days) and then adjusted doses of GONAL-F were found to be poor predictors of follicular growth rate. High pre-treatment serum FSH levels may predict lower follicular growth rates.

Inhibin levels reached a plateau during the entire administration period and then returned to baseline despite high inter-male variation and the absence of down-regulation in healthy male volunteers administered GONAL-F.
BACKGROUND: The costoclavicular space serves as an alternative approach to the infraclavicular brachial plexus block, and numerous studies in adults have demonstrated promising outcomes for distal upper limb surgery. Blocking the brachial plexus at this level is potentially advantageous because the cords are relatively superficial, located in close proximity to each other and easily identified using ultrasound.
AIMS: This study aimed to assess the success rate and feasibility of costoclavicular block in children undergoing unilateral below elbow upper limb surgery.
METHODS: Thirty children aged 2-12 years scheduled for unilateral below elbow surgery under general anesthesia were included. Costoclavicular block was performed under ultrasound and nerve stimulator guidance with 0.5% ropivacaine, 0.5 mL/kg. Success was evaluated based on the absence of significant hemodynamic response to skin incision made 20 min after the block. The sono-anatomy of costoclavicular space, ease of needling, complications, and the post-operative pain scores were assessed.
RESULTS: The mean age and weight of the children were 6.5 ± 3.8 years and 19.7 ± 9.1 kg, respectively. The success rate of costoclavicular block in our cohort is 100%. Sonographic visualization was graded as excellent (Likert Scale 2) in 90% of cases. The plexus was located at a depth of 1.4 ± 0.3 cm from the skin, the lateral extent of cords from the artery was 0.8 ± 0.4 cm and they were observed inferior and lateral to the artery. The mean needling time was 3.6 ± 1.1 min. None of the children experienced complications such as vascular or pleural puncture, hematoma, Horner's syndrome or diaphragmatic palsy. Postoperative pain scores were low, and no rescue analgesia was required.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the costoclavicular block exhibited a notably high success rate in pediatric population. This study substantiates that the three cords of the brachial plexus are consistently visible and superficial during ultrasound examination using this approach, confirming their separation from vascular structures and the reliable achievement of blockade without observed complications.
Trientine hydrochloride is N,N'-bis (2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine dihydrochloride. It is a white to pale yellow crystalline hygroscopic powder. It is freely soluble in water, soluble in methanol, slightly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in chloroform and ether.

The empirical formula is C6H18N4•2HCl with a molecular weight of 219.2. The structural formula is:

NH2(CH2)2NH(CH2)2NH(CH2)2NH2•2HCl

Trientine hydrochloride is a chelating compound for removal of excess copper from the body. Trientine hydrochloride is available as 250 mg capsules for oral administration. Trientine hydrochloride capsules USP, 250 mg contain stearic acid. In addition, the empty hard gelatin capsule shells contain gelatin, iron oxide black, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow and titanium dioxide. The capsule shells are imprinted with TEK black ink containing butyl alcohol, dehydrated alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol, shellac and strong ammonia solution.