anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: Rare diseases pose significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to their low prevalence and heterogeneous clinical presentations. Unstructured clinical notes contain valuable information for identifying rare diseases, but manual curation is time-consuming and prone to subjectivity. This study aims to develop a hybrid approach combining dictionary-based natural language processing (NLP) tools with large language models (LLMs) to improve rare disease identification from unstructured clinical reports.
METHODS: We propose a novel hybrid framework that integrates the Orphanet Rare Disease Ontology (ORDO) and the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) to create a comprehensive rare disease vocabulary. SemEHR, a dictionary-based NLP tool, is employed to extract rare disease mentions from clinical notes. To refine the results and improve accuracy, we leverage various LLMs, including LLaMA3, Phi3-mini, and domain-specific models like OpenBioLLM and BioMistral. Different prompting strategies, such as zero-shot, few-shot, and knowledge-augmented generation, are explored to optimize the LLMs' performance.
RESULTS: The proposed hybrid approach demonstrates superior performance compared to traditional NLP systems and standalone LLMs. LLaMA3 and Phi3-mini achieve the highest F1 scores in rare disease identification. Few-shot prompting with 1-3 examples yields the best results, while knowledge-augmented generation shows limited improvement. Notably, the approach uncovers a significant number of potential rare disease cases not documented in structured diagnostic records, highlighting its ability to identify previously unrecognized patients.
CONCLUSION: The hybrid approach combining dictionary-based NLP tools with LLMs shows great promise for improving rare disease identification from unstructured clinical reports. By leveraging the strengths of both techniques, the method demonstrates superior performance and the potential to uncover hidden rare disease cases. Further research is needed to address limitations related to ontology mapping and overlapping case identification, and to integrate the approach into clinical practice for early diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.
Systems and methods are described for configuring customer premises equipment in a wireless network in response to reconnection of subscriber station to a base stations. A set of rules is provided that governs configuration of a network interface based in part on whether the interface connects to a different base station after reconnection. Reconfiguration may be include cycling power of the network interface and the decision to cycle power may be based on network configuration determined after the loss of communication. This decision can be made after the loss of communication and after the network interface is reconnected to the wireless network through the same or a different base station. The rules may be processed by a combination of subscriber equipment, network interface and base station. Power may be cycled responsive to a message transmitted by the one base station to the network interface.
The invention discloses a creatinine absorption novel material based on xylan, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: xylan is added into ionic liquid; nitrogen gas is delivered in; mixing and stirring are carried out; the mixture is dissolved, such that a homogeneous solution is obtained; 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride is added into the homogeneous solution; a reaction is carried out under a temperature of 90-120 DEG C; cooling is carried out; ethanol is used for precipitation, and washing is carried out; and the material is dried by using a drying oven, such that the creatinine absorption novel material based on xylan is obtained. According to the invention, ionic liquid is used as a reaction medium, such that advantages such as good stability and recyclability are provided. During the reaction process, the ionic liquid has dual effects. The process of the method is easy. With the method, no catalyst is added, and reaction conditions are easy to control. The method is suitable for industrialized productions. A substitution degree of the prepared xylan-based absorption material is 1.34-1.77, and a creatinine absorption capacity is 1.37-2.45mg/g. The material can be used in uremia oral reagents.
Mimicking the transition state of tryptophan (Trp) and O2 in the enzymatic reaction is an effective approach to design indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. In this study, we firstly assembled a small library of 2-substituted benzo-fused five membered heterocycles and found 2-sulfinyl-benzoxazoles with interesting IDO1 inhibitory activities. Next the inhibitory activity toward IDO1 was gradually improved. Several benzoxazoles showed potent IDO1 inhibitory activity with IC50 of 82-91 nM, and exhibited selectivity between IDO1 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2). Enzyme binding studies showed that benzoxazoles are reversible type II IDO1 inhibitors, and modeling studies suggested that the oxygen atom of the sulfoxide in benzoxazoles interacts with the iron atom of the heme group, which mimics the transition state of Fe-O-O-Trp complex. Especially, 10b can effectively inhibit the NO production in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and it also shows good anti-inflammation effect on mice acute inflammation model of croton oil induced ear edema.
BACKGROUND: Despite young children's widespread use of mobile devices, little research exists on this use and its association with children's language development. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between mobile device screen time and language comprehension and expressive language skills. An additional aim was to examine whether three factors related to the domestic learning environment modify the associations.
METHODS: The study uses data from the Danish large-scale survey TRACES among two- and three-year-old children (n = 31,125). Mobile device screen time was measured as time spent on mobile devices on a normal day. Measurement of language comprehension and expressive language skills was based on subscales from the Five to Fifteen Toddlers questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association between child mobile device screen time and language development and logistic regression to examine the risk of experiencing significant language difficulties. Joint exposure analyses were used to examine the association between child mobile device screen time and language development difficulties in combination with three other factors related to the domestic learning environment: parental education, reading to the child and child TV/PC screen time.
RESULTS: High mobile device screen time of one hour or more per day was significantly associated with poorer language development scores and higher odds for both language comprehension difficulties (1-2 h: AOR = 1.30; ≥ 2 h: AOR = 1.42) and expressive language skills difficulties (1-2 h: AOR = 1.19; ≥ 2 h: AOR = 1.46). The results suggest that reading frequently to the child partly buffers the negative effect of high mobile device screen time on language comprehension difficulties but not on expressive language skills difficulties. No modifying effect of parental education and time spent by the child on TV/PC was found.
CONCLUSIONS: Mobile device screen time of one hour or more per day is associated with poorer language development among toddlers. Reading frequently to the child may have a buffering effect on language comprehension difficulties but not on expressive language skills difficulties.
The invention provides a compound probiotic for resisting pet diarrhea and application thereof. The composite probiotics is prepared by combining lactobacillus plantarum ZY08, enterococcus faecium ZJUIDS-R1 and animal combined lactobacillus ZJUIDS-R2 according to equal proportion. The invention separates and combines probiotics obtained from excrement of healthy pets. The probiotic composition has strong bile salt hydrolase activity, has obvious advantages in acid resistance and bile salt resistance compared with other lactic acid bacteria, is suitable for gastrointestinal environment and has proliferation capacity. The probiotic composition has good antibacterial activity, and can inhibit harmful pathogenic bacteria in intestine. The composite probiotics can be applied to the preparation of products for preventing pet diarrhea. The composite probiotics in the invention can be widely used for developing various pet diarrhea prevention related probiotic functional products.
A single dose of bomedemstat will be administered On Day 1 of Period 1. There will be a washout of 7 days between bomedemstat dosing in Period 1 and the first carbamazepine (CBZ) dose in Period 2. In Period 2, CBZ will be administered twice daily (BID) for 17 consecutive days, with a single dose of bomedemstat coadministered with the morning dose on Day 14.
Clinical techniques for the calculation of gestation include fetal ultrasound and clinical assessment tools, such as the Ballard Score, following birth. These techniques are rarely available (ultrasound which is expensive and requires trained users) or require significant training (Ballard) which makes them unsuitable for large scale assessment in many low-middle income (LMI) countries. In the UK, the gestational age of babies of mothers with no antenatal care requires a detailed clinical examination which can lack accuracy. Clinical assessment of postnatal gestational age utilises anatomical characteristics of the face, ear and foot during newborn development. There is an element of subjectiveness which reduces the precision of such an assessment which is only reduced with significant training and experience. Simpler techniques of postnatal gestational age assessment such as anthropometric measures are time consuming and lack the accuracy required. Emerging evidence suggests that gestational age can be calculated postnatally by measuring the newborn foot length and comparing to population appropriate charts. However, when used on their own, the specificity and sensitivity are still below acceptable limits to allow universal adoption.

New software-based analytical techniques now make it possible to perform fully automatic recognition of facial actions and dimensions. The investigators have developed techniques that allow live video facial feature identification and measurement using advanced analytical techniques of muscle actions. These techniques have been used for facial expression analysis as well as automated facial feature localization. The investigators propose that the same analysis could be used to create a unique gestational age assessment tool using a simple brief video clip of the newborns' face and foot.

Accurate assessment of gestational age, especially in LMI countries, could ensure high risk newborns receive appropriate low cost interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality. In the UK this could allow better estimation of babies born to mothers with no antenatal care where the gestational age is unclear. We propose a smartphone based, ethnic appropriate, combined face and foot video analysis tool to accurately determine gestational age of the newborn. Such a system could adapted to incorporate pain assessment tools to help inform treatment options and study new therapies.
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have higher risk of death and cardiovascular disease than general population. Treatment using statin has been decreased the risk of cardiovascular events in pre-dialysis CKD population. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid (FA) lowers the risk of cardiovascular death in patients with myocardial infarction. This cardioprotective effect of omega-3 FA can be explained by anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, or anti-thrombotic effects. Statin such as pravastatin is also known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, suggesting that statin may replace the cardioprotective effect of omega-3 fatty acids.

Omega-3 FA such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), and EPA/arachidonic acid ratio are well known as key indicators of cardiovascular disease. In addition, erythrocyte membrane oleic acid is significantly higher in patients with acute coronary syndrome than control subjects. The cardioprotective effect of omega-3 FA may also be related to decreased oleic acid content of erythrocyte membrane. There is no report about the effect of statin on FA including erythrocyte membrane oleic acid. As omega-3 FAs are recognized as therapeutic agents for reducing triglycerides, statin may affect on the erythrocyte membrane FA. Therefore, pravastatin supplementation can modify erythrocyte membrane FA contents including oleic acid in CKD patients.
Cellulose derivatives (I) are used to thicken the organic phase of a nail varnish composition. (I) are nitrocellulose or cellulose ester derivatives in which hydroxy groups are replaced by organic groups. Cellulose derivatives (I) are used to thicken the organic phase of a nail varnish composition. (I) are nitrocellulose or cellulose ester derivatives in which hydroxy groups are replaced by OYR groups. R : (a) linear, branched or cyclic (un)saturated hydrocarbyl optionally interrupted by aromatic groups and/or heteroatoms (O, N, P, Si, S); (b) (per)fluoroalkyl; (c) a polyolefin, polydiene or polycondensate group; (d) a (poly)organosiloxane group; or (e) a mesogenic group; all optionally containing groups Z capable of forming hydrogen bonds; Y : a single bond or a divalent group. An independent claim is also included for a nail varnish composition comprising an organic phase based on an organic solvent and containing a compound (I) which is a cellulose ester derivative when R is (a), (c) or (d) or a cellulose ester or nitrocellulose derivative when R is (b) or (e).
Clinical and non-clinical staff at the Gill Medical Centre will complete a validated stress questionnaire during the Covid-19 pandemic. A baseline was established in May, 2019.
The establishment of Advanced Life Support by emergency medical services (EMS) has led to an increasing number of procedures being carried out in the field. These procedures, such as intravenous (IV) fluid administration and endotracheal intubation can be beneficial in rural settings where transportation to definitive care is prolonged. In addition, it can provide benefit to patients with traumatic brain injury. However, data on field procedures carried out in penetrating trauma patients in urban locations is less convincing and actually shows that these procedures result in worse morbidity and mortality, where penetrating injury is defined as resulting from gunshot, shotgun or stab wounds. In fact, studies have shown that pre-hospital intubation clearly does not confer a survival advantage to penetrating trauma patients in urban locations. Yet pre-hospital procedures continue to be performed in urban Philadelphia on a regular basis. In a recently published study at Temple University Hospital from 2006-2010, of the 1,615 gunshot and stab wound victims that were highest level trauma activations, 152 (9.8%) were intubated in the field. In another study carried out at Temple University Hospital looking at the most critically ill penetrating trauma patients that required emergency room thoracotomy, 71.8% of patients transported by EMS were intubated and 67.0% received IV fluids. This demonstrates that these procedures are being carried out with regularity in severely injured penetrating trauma patients.

Patient recruitment and randomization will occur at the time that the distress call is received by the EMS dispatcher and an ALS crew is dispatched. The dispatcher will assign the patient to advanced life support current practice or immediate transport with basic life support current practice based on even or odd dispatch number. All participating paramedics will be given face to face training in the conduct of the trial, and provided with resources for online refreshers and reminders. Compliance with enrollment procedures will be monitored through redundant mechanisms including notification at hospital arrival, cross referenced to monthly monitoring of EMS reports.

Subjects randomized to the study group will receive basic life support (BLS) level care. This means that pre-hospital procedures such as endotracheal intubation and intravenous fluid administration will not be carried out. However, passive oxygen and needle thoracostomy, if required for tension pneumothorax, will be permitted if medically necessary. For patients in the control group, ALS responders will perform advanced life support current practice, including intravenous fluid administration and endotracheal intubation as deemed appropriate.
Intervention group participants will attend the Project POWER intervention sessions, complete a pre-intervention assessment and participate in 3, 6, and 12 month follow-up interviews when they will be asked to provide urine specimens for STI testing. The intervention consists of eight bi-weekly, 1.5 hour sessions. Intervention group participants will also attend one booster group session four weeks after the intervention before being released. Intervention participants will receive booster phone calls from a nurse-interventionist at 2, 6, and 10 weeks after release from prison. Booster phone calls will reinforce intervention content and support participant efforts to reduce risky sex behaviors and make healthy choices.
This trial is a Phase 4, prospective, open-label (meaning that both the research physician and study participants will know which medication is being administered) study of fentanyl transdermal patch-type system (TTS) Durogesic® D-Trans in patients with non-cancer pain. The patch is designed to systematically release the adsorbed fentanyl percutaneously, in a constant rate for three days (72 hours). The study will be conducted for 12 weeks. The efficacy and safety will be evaluated at week 1, week 4, week 8 and week 12 visits. All participants will use the patch at least once during the study. The drug efficacy will be evaluated by the percent change in pain intensity before and after treatment and by improvements in the following activities: daily life, walking, meal intake, mood regulation. The overall safety will be assessed based on the adverse events reporting.
Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC's) are the most important causes of bad breath. Since the micro-organisms that produce VSC's are also periodopathogens, intuitively, one would think that there is a positive correlation between VSC levels in exhaled breath and periodontitis. However, not all periodontitis patients have bad breath. A possible explanation can be a positive relationship between tongue coating an bad breath. In the past, tongue cleaning was already researched in an oral healthy population. This research aimed to examine in periodontitis patients with visible tongue coating the changes in microbial load (aerobic and anaerobic) of the 14 day use of a tongue scraper versus the use of a regular toothbrush to clean the tongue. Additionally changes in tongue coating; and patient perception about tongue cleaning was researched.
Informed consent will be obtained and documented. All post-partum patients who received neuraxial anesthesia will be asked to provide consent for ultrasound to be used at their bedside to identify the interspace where the neuraxial anesthetic was administered. A low frequency ultrasound probe and sterile gel will be used to perform the less than five-minute study. The site of the neuraxial anesthetic placement will be identified by the puncture mark on the skin. The investigators will note the patient's medical record number and BMI, the names of the resident and attending anesthesiologist who placed the neuraxial anesthetic, the documented intervertebral space at the time of neuraxial anesthetic placement, anesthetic type, whether ultrasound was used for the initial neuraxial placement, and the documented intervertebral space identified post-partum by ultrasound.

Following 3 months of data collection, information regarding the documented intervertebral space versus the actual intervertebral space that the neuraxial anesthetic was administered will be provided to each anesthesiologist and resident. Following delivery of this information, an additional 3 months of data collection will be performed (the same as the first 3 months) to evaluate whether a practice change took place.
BACKGROUND: The structural and functional characteristics of the heart in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and without myocardial infarction (MI) are not fully understood.
METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the data of patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 40% who underwent contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), which was also used to exclude MI, at two hospitals. Volumetric data and extracellular volume fraction (ECVf) of the myocardium evaluated using CMR were compared between patients with and without DM, and their association with diastolic function was evaluated.
RESULTS: Among 322 analysed patients, 53 had DM. CMR revealed that the left ventricular mass index (LVMi) and ECVf were increased while LVEF was decreased in patients with DM after adjusting for patient characteristics (all P < 0.05). A stronger positive correlation was observed between LVMi and the early diastolic transmitral flow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity ratio (E/e') in patients with DM than in those without DM (correlation coefficient [R] = 0.46, p = 0.001; R = 0.15, p = 0.021, respectively; p for interaction = 0.011). ECVf correlated with E/e' only in patients with DM (R = 0.61, p = 0.004).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with DM have increased LVMi and ECVf. Importantly, there was a difference between patients with and without DM in the relationship between these structural changes and E/e', with a stronger relationship in patients with DM. Furthermore, DM is associated with mildly reduced LVEF even in the absence of MI.
Pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of climacteric disorders comprise at least one physiologically compatible salt of oestrone sulphate and at least one physiologically compatible salt of the 3-sulphate of 1, 3, 5 (10)- oestratriene-3, 17#-diol, together with a solid and/or liquid pharmaceutical diluent or carrier. The salts may be alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, aluminium, iron, ammonium or substituted ammonium salts, preferably the sodium salts. The compositions may be administered parenterally as solutions, suspensions, or emulsions or enterally as tablets, dragees, syrups or juices. The composition may contain at least one additional active substance which may be selected from tranquillising substances, vitamins and steroids (e.g. oestrogens, androgens or gestragens such as chlormadinone acetate). Stabilizers, e.g. diethanolamine, N-methyl-glucosamine, sodium citrate, sorensen's buffer (a mixture of disodium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate), and magnesium oxide may be present.