anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
HRT is associated with an increased risk of thrombo-embolic events, breast cancer and cardiovascular events. Safe, effective, and well-tolerated alternative therapies for hot flashes are needed. Gabapentin is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-analog that we have reported is associated with a reduction in the frequency of hot flashes in postmenopausal women who were taking gabapentin for other indications. However, it is not known whether the efficacy of gabapentin in the treatment of hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms is comparable to that of estrogen, the gold standard. For this study, 60 subjects are to be recruited and randomized into 3 arms of 20 each (gabapentin, estrogen and placebo).We will perform an analysis of the results after all 60 subjects have been recruited, screened, enrolled and completed the study. The investigators of the study continue to be blinded to the study groups and their randomization. To determine if gabapentin approaches the efficacy of estrogen in the treatment of hot flashes,postmenopausal women between ages 35 and 60 with 7-20 moderate-severe postmenopausal hot flashes/day will be randomized into a double-blinded placebo controlled trial of estrogen, gabapentin and placebo. All patients must meet stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pre- and post-study hot flash diaries, depression and climacteria scales will be collected. Patients are required to undergo physical examination and blood work and to complete a daily hot flash and medication compliance records. Hot flash frequency and composite score for hot flashes will be calculated for the three groups based on the hot flash diary. Side effects, climacteric scale and depression scales will also be used.
Testosterone enanthate injection, USP provides testosterone enanthate, a derivative of the primary endogenous androgen testosterone, for intramuscular administration. In their active form, androgens have a 17-beta-hydroxy group. Esterification of the 17-beta-hydroxy group increases the duration of action of testosterone; hydrolysis to free testosterone occurs in vivo. Each mL of sterile, clear colorless to pale yellow color oily solution provides 200 mg testosterone enanthate, USP in sesame oil with 5 mg chlorobutanol (chloral derivative) as a preservative.  
  
Testosterone enanthate is designated chemically as androst-4-en-3-one, 17-[(1-oxoheptyl)-oxy]-, (17β)-. Structural formula:
Despite recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), precise characterization of the disease phenotype remains elusive. In both diseases, much of the focus has necessarily been on the loss of cone function, since visual fields, acuity and contrast sensitivity are typically measured under photopic conditions. In RP, we need a greater understanding of patterns of rod loss since most disease-causing mutations affect primarily rods. In AMD, recent findings have shown that scotopic sensitivity can be much more affected than conventional photopic measurements such as visual acuity. For patients, however, it is difficult to maintain stable fixation, especially when central vision is compromised. A new fundus-guided microperimeter, the MP-3S, has been developed by Nidek, Inc. to circumvent this problem. The investigators will evaluate the value of this device for following rod and cone loss in patients with either RP or AMD.
PURPOSE:To obtain the titled composition making dissolution speed of powdery perfume in water as high as possible, readily being dissolved in a standing state without stirring in use and immediately usable, by adding ethyl alcohol- containing powder to a composition blended with powdery perfume. CONSTITUTION:Powdery or granular composition for oral cavity mixed with powdery perfume is blended with ethyl alcohol-containing powder, especially ethyl alcohol powder having >=20wt% ethyl alcohol content in a ratio of >=1pt.wt. ethyl alcohol-containing powder based on 1pt.wt. powdery perfume in such a way that total amounts of sum of the powdery perfume and the ethyl alcohol-containing powder blended is <=30pts.wt. based on 100pts.wt. water to be added to a powdery or granular composition for oral cavity in use to give the powdery or granular composition for oral cavity having high water solubility. This method can be applied to powdered juice, etc., in a foodstuff field.
Thirty adults aged 18-40 years old will undergo three treatment sessions (control (no BFR), SC BFR, and MC BFR) in a randomized order separated by one week. A familiarization session will also occur one week before starting the treatment period. Each subject will undergo a series of tests including anthropometry, ultrasonography of the carotid artery, applanation tonometry, ultrasonography of the vastus lateralis, blood pressure acquisition, body composition, and maximal strength assessments (1RM). The exercise trial will consist of sets of dumbbell wall squats performed to failure with a 2-seconds concentric and 2-seconds eccentric cadence, at 20% of their 1RM using 60% of the supine limb occlusion pressure (LOP) with 1-minute rest intervals. Assessments will be performed immediately before and after the exercise bout during each treatment session. Two-way ANOVAs will be used to examine the main effects of treatment and treatment-order interaction on pulse wave velocity, muscle cross-sectional area, and perceptual response.
Celecoxib Long-Term Arthritis Safety Study (CLASS):

This was a prospective, long-term, safety outcome study conducted post-marketing in approximately 5,800 OA patients and 2,200 RA patients. Patients received CELEBREX 400 mg twice daily (4-fold and 2-fold the recommended OA and RA doses, respectively), ibuprofen 800 mg three times daily or diclofenac 75 mg twice daily (common therapeutic doses). Median exposures for CELEBREX (n = 3,987) and diclofenac (n = 1,996) were 9 months while ibuprofen (n = 1,985) was 6 months. The primary endpoint of this outcome study was the incidence of complicated ulcers (gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation or obstruction). Patients were allowed to take concomitant low-dose (≤ 325 mg/day) aspirin (ASA) for cardiovascular prophylaxis (ASA subgroups: CELEBREX, n = 882; diclofenac, n = 445; ibuprofen, n = 412). Differences in the incidence of complicated ulcers between CELEBREX and the combined group of ibuprofen and diclofenac were not statistically significant. 

Patients on CELEBREX and concomitant low-dose ASA (N=882) experienced 4-fold higher rates of complicated ulcers compared to those not on ASA (N=3105). The Kaplan-Meier rate for complicated ulcers at 9 months was 1.12% versus 0.32% for those on low-dose ASA and those not on ASA, respectively [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].

The estimated cumulative rates at 9 months of complicated and symptomatic ulcers for patients treated with CELEBREX 400 mg twice daily are described in Table 4. Table 4 also displays results for patients less than or greater than 65 years of age. The difference in rates between CELEBREX alone and CELEBREX with ASA groups may be due to the higher risk for GI events in ASA users.

In a small number of patients with a history of ulcer disease, the complicated and symptomatic ulcer rates in patients taking CELEBREX alone or CELEBREX with ASA were, respectively, 2.56% (n=243) and 6.85% (n=91) at 48 weeks. These results are to be expected in patients with a prior history of ulcer disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) and Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Cardiovascular safety outcomes were also evaluated in the CLASS trial. Kaplan-Meier cumulative rates for investigator-reported serious cardiovascular thromboembolic adverse events (including MI, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, unstable angina, transient ischemic attacks, and ischemic cerebrovascular accidents) demonstrated no differences between the CELEBREX, diclofenac, or ibuprofen treatment groups. The cumulative rates in all patients at nine months for CELEBREX, diclofenac, and ibuprofen were 1.2%, 1.4%, and 1.1%, respectively. The cumulative rates in non-ASA users at nine months in each of the three treatment groups were less than 1%. The cumulative rates for myocardial infarction in non-ASA users at nine months in each of the three treatment groups were less than 0.2%. There was no placebo group in the CLASS trial, which limits the ability to determine whether the three drugs tested had no increased risk of CV events or if they all increased the risk to a similar degree.
The healthy human brain is a complex, dynamical system which is hypothesized to operate, at rest, near a phase transition - at the boundary between order and chaos. Proximity to this critical point is functionally adaptive as it affords maximal flexibility, dynamic range, and information transmission capacity, with implications for short term memory and cognitive control. Divergence from this critical point has become correlated with diverse forms of psychopathology and neuropathy suggesting that distance from a critical point is both a potential biomarker of disorder and also a target for intervention in disordered brains. The Investigators have further hypothesized that task performance depends on how closely brains operate to criticality during task performance and also that subjective cognitive effort is a reflection of divergence from criticality, induced by engagement with demanding tasks.

A key control parameter determining distance from criticality in a resting brain is hypothesized to be the balance of cortical excitation to inhibition (the "E/I balance"). Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a widely used experimental and clinical tool for neuromodulation and theta-burst stimulation (TBS) protocols are thought to modulate the E/I balance. Here the Investigators test whether cortical dynamics can be systematically modulated away from the critical point with continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) and intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), which is thought to decrease and increase E/I balance, respectively. Depending on baseline E/I balance prior to stimulation, this will make people's brains either operate closer to, or farther away from critiality and thereby impact on cognitive control and subjective cognitive effort during performance of control-demanding tasks.
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine that is commonly seen in individuals aged 10-18 years, and spinal orthosis application, one of the conservative treatment methods, is widely preferred today. Lyon, Milwaukee, Gensingen, Boston and Rigo System Chêneau spinal orthoses are among the most frequently preferred today. Rigo system Chêneau (RCS) spinal orthosis aims to correct scoliosis in 3D in sagittal, transverse and coronal planes. Studies have indicated that spinal orthosis application may have limited corrective effect on sagittal and transverse planes scoliotic curvature. In order to obtain the most effective result in spinal orthosis application, it is important to fully understand the connection mechanisms between different planes and their relationship with the lower extremity. It has been observed that studies on whether conservative treatment of spinal orthosis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can provide 3D correction on the scoliotic curve and its effect on spine and lower extremity parameters are insufficient. AIS individuals who will undergo Chêneau type spinal orthosis application that meets the inclusion criteria will be included in the study. Demographic information of the participants will be obtained with a patient information form and a scoliosis assessment form. Radiographs are planned to be obtained using an EOS (EOS-imaging®, Paris, France) imaging device, which is a low-dose imaging device that provides simultaneous anterior-posterior and lateral views while standing. Spine and lower extremity parameters will be evaluated from the obtained images. Plantar pressure and balance assessment is planned to be performed with a DIERS Pedoscan device connected to the DIERS Formetric system. SRS-22 (Scoliosis Research Society-22) questionnaire is planned to be used in the assessment of the quality of life of the individuals. Brace Questionnaire is planned to be used in the assessment of spinal orthosis satisfaction. All data will be evaluated by statistical analysis methods.
INTRODUCTION: The treatment of gastroparesis can be difficult in everyday clinical practice. The aim of this anonymous survey of members of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Gastroenterologischer Krankenhausärzte e.V. (ALGK) was to investigate the management of gastroparesis care in Germany.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The ALGK conducted a member survey using a standardized anonymous questionnaire including 11 questions from 14.04.2023 to 29.04.2023. The questions covered diagnostic and therapeutic procedures as well as various aspects of the management of gastroparesis.
RESULTS: The response rate was 21.4% (62 members). Only 6.56% of all respondents assessed the prevalence of gastroparesis correctly as estimated by current epidemiological publications. 68.85 % of all respondents used gastric emptying scintigraphy for diagnosis. 51.61% regarded an individualized therapy as the most important treatment goal, taking into account etiology and impact of symptoms, compared to symptomatic treatment of leading clinical symptom in 43,55 %. First choice treatment was medical treatment in 41.94%, dietary recommendations in 27.42% and endoscopic interventions in 24.2%. 100% of respondents used prokinetics, 40.32% used antiemetics while only 4.84% used analgesics. Insufficient availability of medical treatment options represents a need of action for 85.48%, compared to lacking official approval of available drugs for this indication for 48,39% of all respondents. Treatment options with little evidence were used quite frequently (e.g. use of herbal therapies in 43.55%).
DISCUSSION: Overall, the frequency of gastroparesis was underestimated in the current survey. Endoscopic options are quite often used as first-line treatment. Although symptom-guided treatment is important for the majority of respondents, prokinetics are predominantly used.
Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of under 5-year-old deaths globally and responsible for \>50% of deaths in Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines low blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels (hypoxemia) as 90%. Hypoxemia is identified in 31% of child pneumonia cases in Africa and is a key marker of elevated mortality risk. When children are hypoxemic, the WHO recommends oxygen treatment. Importantly, the WHO threshold of 90% for hypoxemia was based on concerns over limited oxygen supply and hospital over-crowding in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), rather than quality evidence. In most LMICs, low oxygen flow is the mainstay of oxygen delivery. Recently, in high-income settings high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen has emerged as a safe and effective alternative. HFNC oxygen delivers higher flow warmed, humidified gas via nasal prongs to reverse hypoxemia, and potentially improve outcomes.

Recent evidence challenges whether the WHO \& 90% hypoxemia threshold is optimal for identifying all children at higher risk of mortality in LMICs. One meta-analysis from 13 LMICs reported 3.66-fold-higher odds of death (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.42, 9.47) for children with a SpO2 93%. The investigators research from Malawi and Bangladesh established children with pneumonia and SpO2 between 90-93% (moderate hypoxemia) is common, and, compared to higher SpO2 levels, conveys higher mortality risk. To date, African children with a SpO2 90-93% are not recommended for oxygen treatment. Observational data from Malawi found children with moderate hypoxemia and treated with oxygen had higher survival than those referred with a SpO2 90%. Currently, no randomized trials have determined whether low flow oxygen or HFNC oxygen treatment reduces the mortality of children with moderate hypoxemia (SpO2 90-93%) in African LMICs.

Aim 1: Conduct a pilot open label, three armed, parallel, randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing standard care, low-flow oxygen, and HFNC oxygen for children with clinical pneumonia and a SpO2 90-93% to determine feasibility of a larger trial. The investigators hypothesize it will be feasible to recruit, randomize, treat, and safely follow-up all participants. Children with SpO2 90-93% will be randomized 1:1:1 to standard care without oxygen (controls), low flow oxygen (intervention #1), or HFNC oxygen (intervention #2). The primary outcome will be feasibility, defined as the proportion of enrolled children with 2 protocol violations. Secondary outcomes include consent refusal, intervention efficacy, participant attrition, and safety.

Aim 2: Determine the prevalence of young Malawian children with a SpO2 90-93% at the designated study hospital. The investigators hypothesize a SpO2 90-93% will be common among children presenting to the trial hospital. The investigators will measure the SpO2 of all children under-five years old (not limited to pneumonia cases) presenting to the hospital 1 week per month over 12-months. Conservatively assuming an average volume of 30 children per day, based on prior data, the investigators will generate 1,400 SpO2 measurements.
Obesity has become a global public health problem, and its relationship with gastrointestinal diseases has become a major concern. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a novel index to assess the distribution and content of visceral fat, and this study aimed to investigate the association between VAI and bowel habits (chronic diarrhea, chronic constipation) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset was used for the cross-sectional survey. Bowel habits and IBD were defined by self-report. Multiple logistic regression models were used to test the linear association of VAI with bowel habits and IBD. Fitted smoothed curves and threshold effects analyses were used to characterize nonlinear relationships. This cross-sectional study included 10,391 adults (≥ 20 years). After adjusting for covariates, there was a significant negative association between VAI and chronic constipation (OR [95% CI]: 0.97 [0.95, 1.00]) but no significant association with IBD (OR [95% CI]: 0.97 [0.87, 1.07]). Additionally, there was a nonlinear association between VAI and chronic diarrhea with a breakpoint of 3.08, with a positive correlation between the two on the left side of the breakpoint and no statistical significance on the right side. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests showed that maintaining sleep health was associated with a low risk of chronic constipation. Elevated VAI levels were negatively associated with chronic constipation, and elevated levels were positively associated with chronic diarrhea at VAI < 3.08. This reminds us that maintaining moderate levels of visceral fat may prevent the onset of chronic constipation and circumvent the risk of chronic diarrhea. Notably, maintaining healthy sleep may play a positive role in reducing chronic constipation.
An initial cohort of consecutive patients admitted to the 15th floor of the hospital on a Monday or Tuesday will form the usual care control arm of the study. Once this cohort is completed, the Caring Canines program will start.
Methods The Nationaal Multiple Sclerose Centrum (NMSC) Melsbroek is a large highly-specialized center specifically focusing on neurological management, multidisciplinary care and rehabilitation in patients with MS. Since March 2020 (i.e., the onset of the pandemic in Belgium, and the first of five waves of spiking infection numbers thus far in our country), clinical data of patients followed at the center have been collected in a local database in case of COVID-19 diagnosis. The following items have been recorded: name, gender and date of COVID-19 diagnosis; age, Expanded Disability Status Scale score, MS duration, clinical subtype and DMT regimen at time of COVID-19 diagnosis; COVID-19 severity (method 1: categorized as ambulatory, hospitalized, death; method 2: categorized as asymptomatic, mild illness, moderate illness, severe illness, critical illness and death); vaccination status (categorized as non-vaccinated, fully vaccinated, fully vaccinated + booster) at time of COVID-19 diagnosis. On February 28, 2022, this database was locked and consisted of 234180 unique individual COVID-19 cases.

The NMSC Melsbroek features a second and more large database containing a broad variety of (para)clinical information gathered during routine follow-up, which includes regular testing of general disability with the EDSS, leg function/ambulation with the Timed 25-Foot Walk Test (T25FWT), hand function/dexterity using the 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) and cognition/information processing speed with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). For each of these parameters, the first two assessments before COVID-19 diagnosis (labelled T0 and T1, respectively; T1 is the closest to COVID-19 diagnosis), and the first thereafter (labelled T2), were retrieved for each COVID-19 subject. If clinical measurements were performed during an in-house stay for rehabilitation purposes, only those performed on admission were retained (thus not necessarily those the closest to the COVID-19 infection).
The patient see an occupational therapist 1-3 days after surgery. A splint is made to immobilise the wrist and work as a extension block for the MCP-joints. This splint has to be worn day and night for 4 weeks. Another splint that immobilise the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint and the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints are worn whenever the patient is not exercising. During active exercise the patient follows a strict protocol with both active and passive training and increasing number of repetitions. The rehabilitation is proceeding for 3 months.
OBJECTIVES: Early identification of vocal fold leukoplakia (VFL), which has a risk of progressing to malignant transformation, remains a controversial topic. The identification of biological markers for diagnosing these lesions would lead to a more effective treatment. We aimed to analyze the immunoexpression of cathepsin B and E-cadherin in VFL and correlate it with clinical and epidemiological data and disease prognosis.
METHODS: Thirty-two patients with VFL treated with microsurgery were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were distributed according to the histological results into Group A (low grade) and Group B (high grade). The expression of markers was quantitatively determined as per their staining intensity and tissue distribution using ImageLab. The index of expression (IE) of each marker was correlated with tobacco and alcohol consumption, signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux, and local recurrence of the lesion.
RESULTS: The correlation between the IE of markers and variables within the two groups (A and B) demonstrated that patients in Group B with local recurrence had a higher IE of cathepsin B. When all patients (A + B) were included, the same analysis demonstrated that the IE of cathepsin B was higher among smokers and patients who did not show signs of reflux and that the IE of E-cadherin was higher only in patients with recurrence.
CONCLUSION: Patients with moderate to severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ who smoked as well as had a high IE of cathepsin B were more prone to local recurrence. Regardless of the type of histological lesion, patients with signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux had a lower IE of cathepsin B. The IE of E-cadherin was higher among patients with VFL who relapsed after initial treatment.
The participant will perform sham TES for 20-minutes. The form of sham TES will depend on the active arm, e.g. if tACS is on the active arm, then the sham tACS will be a different frequency of stimulation. If tDCS is the active arm, then a short ramp up of tDCS followed by a ramp down (about 60-seconds) will be used as the sham arm.