anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoke increases peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count. However, the dose-dependent association between smoking and C-reactive protein (CRP), an important inflammatory marker, has been reported as inconsistent.
AIMS AND METHODS: Here, we evaluated the associations between smoking and CRP using both smoking questionnaires and urine cotinine as exposure markers. The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were used for analyzing the associations. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between cigarette smoke exposure, as assessed by questionnaires and urine cotinine, and health effects, as measured by CRP and WBC count, controlling for potential confounders. The confounders, including age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, and uric acid, were selected a priori based on the literature.
RESULTS: A total of 11 435 participants were included for analysis. For the exposure-response relationship, the results indicated a significant increase in CRP levels in male smokers compared to male nonsmokers (p = .002), whereas no significant increase was found in female smokers compared to female nonsmokers (p = .680). For the dose-response relationship, a significant positive association was observed between urine cotinine and CRP in male smokers (p = .018), whereas no significant association was found in female smokers (p = .508). WBC count consistently showed significant exposure-response and dose-response relationships in both sexes.
CONCLUSIONS: WBC count was found to be a consistent effect marker of cigarette smoke exposure, while the association between CRP level and smoking was inconsistent and varied by sex. The sex-specific response to cigarette smoke exposure warrants further exploration in future studies.
IMPLICATIONS: Cigarette smoke exposure is known to increase inflammation and has been thought to increase CRP, a significant inflammation marker. However, recent studies have reported conflicting results regarding the dose-dependent association between cigarette smoke exposure and CRP. This study found that the association between smoking and CRP is inconsistent and varies by sex, showing significant exposure response in men but not in women. Furthermore, the study suggests that WBC count is a more consistent marker for cigarette smoke exposure.
One portion of a specific food item will be provided each day. 500 IU Vitamin D added.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare the subject hair cosmetic capable of smoothing the finger combing with a small amount thereof, rapidly rinsing the hair and imparting the fluffiness to hair after drying by foaming an emulsified composition containing a specific surfactant and an oil and applying the resultant foamy composition to the hair. SOLUTION: This hair cosmetic for a foamy after shampoo is obtained by housing an emulsified composition containing an anionic surfactant and/or an amphoteric surfactant and an oil in a foam discharging container having one or plural porous membranes. The viscosity of the emulsified composition is preferably <=100cP (at 25 deg.C) and the average particle diameter thereof is preferably <=300nm. The amount of the blended surfactant is 0.5-10wt.% and that of the oil is 0.5-20wt.%. A higher fatty acid or a higher alcohol or both may further be added to the system. The foam discharging container used herein may be any type capable of mixing a prescribed amount of the emulsified composition with a prescribed quantity of air and discharging the emulsified composition in a foamy state at the time of use.  For example, the foam discharging container 1 is composed of a container body 2 and a nozzle 3 and the emulsified composition is mixed with air in a mixing chamber 8. The resultant mixture is then passed through the porous membranes (nets) 11 into a foamy state. The prepared composition is then discharged from a nozzle discharging port.
Non-lactose milk intolerance is a condition that has not been defined clinically yet but the current literature reports existence of subjects who are moderately milk intolerant and whose intolerance can neither be attributed to a defect in lactose intolerance, nor to milk protein allergy. Yet, they experience at least one or two of the following symptoms following milk consumption: gases, bloating, abdominal cramp. It is known that the A1gene variant coding for beta-casein leads to the production of a bioactive peptide with opioid activity named betacasomorphin 7 (BCM7). This peptide has been associated with several metabolic health disorders including diabetes, elevated cardiovascular risk and stimulation of pro-inflammatory signals. Recently, it was reported that non-lactose milk intolerant subjects did not experience such symptoms when consuming milk containing the non-mutated A2 gene variant coding for beta-casein. In this study, we hypothesise that consumption of A2 milk will improve gastrointestinal symptoms in non-lactose milk intolerant individuals. The primary outcome of this study will be the reduction of gastrointestinal inflammation following a course of A2 milk consumption.
Piperazine derivatives of the formula <FORM:0779109/IV(b)/1> where X is hydrogen or halogen, e.g. chlorine, and Y is hydrogen or lower alkyl (C1 to C6) group e.g. meta-methyl, are prepared by alkylation of piperazine under reductive conditions with a benzophenone derivative and a benzyl halide in either order, and admixed with pyridoxin in therapeutic compositions.ALSO:A therapeutic composition comprises pyridoxine with a piperazine derivative of formula: <FORM:0779109/VI/1> where X is hydrogen or halide, and Y is hydrogen or a lower alkyl (C1 to C6) group.  The piperazine derivative may be used in the form of a water soluble salt e.g. dihydrochloride or dihydrobromide; or a salt of a non-toxic organic acid, e.g. citric, tartaric, acetic, succinic, maleic, glycolic, gluconic, glutaric or saccharic acid.  The pyridoxin may be used as the hydrochloride or as a water soluble salt e.g. citrate, tartrate or acetate.  The composition contains from one quarter to two parts by weight of the piperazine derivative, to one part by weight of pyridoxine.  The example refers to tablets containing N - (p - chlorobenzhydryl) - N1 - (meta methyl benzyl) piperazine with pyridoxine hydrochloride.
###  Non-steroidal agents

Cromolyn sodium inhalation solution should be added to the patient's existing treatment regimen (e.g., bronchodilators). When a clinical response to cromolyn sodium inhalation solution is evident, usually within two to four weeks, and if the asthma is under good control, an attempt may be made to decrease concomitant medication usage gradually.

If concomitant medications are eliminated or required on no more than a prn basis, the frequency of administration of cromolyn sodium inhalation solution may be titrated downward to the lowest level consistent with the desired effect. The usual decrease is from four to three vials per day. It is important that the dosage be reduced gradually to avoid exacerbation of asthma. It is emphasized that in patients whose dosage has been titrated to fewer than four vials per day, an increase in the dose of cromolyn sodium inhalation solution and the introduction of, or increase in, symptomatic medications may be needed if the patient's clinical condition deteriorates.

###  Corticosteroids

In patients chronically receiving corticosteroids for the management of bronchial asthma, the dosage should be maintained following the introduction of cromolyn sodium inhalation solution. If the patient improves, an attempt to decrease corticosteroids should be made. Even if the corticosteroid-dependent patient fails to show symptomatic improvement following cromolyn sodium inhalation solution administration, the potential to reduce corticosteroids may nonetheless be present. Thus, gradual tapering of corticosteroid dosage may be attempted. It is important that the dose be reduced slowly, maintaining close supervision of the patient to avoid an exacerbation of asthma.

It should be borne in mind that prolonged corticosteroid therapy frequently causes an impairment in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and a reduction in the size of the adrenal cortex. A potentially critical degree of impairment or insufficiency may persist asymptomatically for some time even after gradual discontinuation of adrenocortical steroids. Therefore, if a patient is subjected to significant stress, such as a severe asthmatic attack, surgery, trauma or severe illness while being treated or within one year (occasionally up to two years) after corticosteroid treatment has been terminated, consideration should be given to reinstituting corticosteroid therapy. When respiratory function is impaired, as may occur in severe exacerbation of asthma, a temporary increase in the amount of corticosteroids may be required to regain control of the patient's asthma.

It is particularly important that great care be exercised if, for any reason, cromolyn sodium inhalation solution is withdrawn in cases where its use has permitted a reduction in the maintenance dose of corticosteroids. In such cases, continued close supervision of the patient is essential since there may be sudden reappearance of severe manifestations of asthma which will require immediate therapy and possible reintroduction of corticosteroids.
Generating strong rapid adhesion between hydrogels has the potential to advance the capabilities of modern medicine and surgery. Current hydrogel adhesion technologies rely primarily on liquid-based diffusion mechanisms and the formation of covalent bonds, requiring prolonged time to generate adhesion. Here, we present a simple and versatile strategy using dry chitosan polymer films to generate instant adhesion between hydrogel-hydrogel and hydrogel-elastomer surfaces. Using this approach we can achieve extremely high adhesive energies (>3,000 J/m2), which are governed by pH change and non-covalent interactions including H-bonding, Van der Waals forces, and bridging polymer entanglement. Potential examples of biomedical applications are presented, including local tissue cooling, vascular sealing, prevention of surgical adhesions, and prevention of hydrogel dehydration. We expect these findings and the simplicity of this approach to have broad implications for adhesion strategies and hydrogel design.
An easy to apply dermal delivery system embodying an apparatus and a method for relieving the localized discomfort caused by footwear is provided. The delivery system may include a generally planar base, adhesive layer and delivery apparatus. The base forms a basic recess on one side, whereby the non-recessed portion provides a basic framework along the periphery thereof. The adhesive layer overlaid the recessed-side of a similarly shaped base forms an adhesive recess and an adhesive framework. The delivery apparatus may be sized and shaped to substantially fill the adhesive recess and be substantially flush with a top side of the adhesive framework. The delivery apparatus may include a film, housing and/or impregnated with a plurality of anesthetic components, wherein the film is adapted for dermal delivery of the plurality of anesthetic components, while the adhesive framework removably attaches the delivery system to a user.
Receives general advice about physical activity with the goal to be physically active at least 30 minutes per day at 5 of 7 days per week. The intervention group, which is based on a behavioural medicine approach in physiotherapy, also receive individual tailored functional exercise with the goal to enhance the ability to perform everyday activities by reduce pain-related disability and pain-related beliefs and increase physical function. The participants receive 9 visits from a physiotherapist during the 12 weeks period. The participants will also fill in a activity diary to check the compliance to the intervention and to enhance their self-efficacy in relation to perform everyday activities, exercise and physical activity.
The invention provides an AAN-phthalocyanine conjugate and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the invention, monocarboxyl phthalocyanine is used as a photodynamic mother ring structure, and a polypeptide structure capable of intelligently identifying the legumain highly expressed in solid tumors is introduced at the periphery of a phthalocyanine macrocycle through amidation reaction. The AAN-phthalocyanine conjugates of the present invention are first preliminarily targeted by intelligent recognition of legumain in tumor tissue. The photodynamic therapy has the characteristic of greatly consuming oxygen in tumor tissues to aggravate the oxygen lack of the tumor tissues, so that the stress high expression of the legumain is stimulated, and the secondary targeting effect can be realized. The phthalocyanine conjugate has good photodynamic treatment effect, and due to the introduction of the water-soluble polypeptide structure, the conjugate has good water solubility, targeting property, biocompatibility and excellent drug forming property. The synthesis method is simple, less in side reaction, higher in yield, easy to obtain raw materials, low in cost and beneficial to industrial production.
INTRODUCTION: Preoperative hair removal is conventional practice within neurosurgery in an attempt to maintain antisepsis. However, there is a lack of evidence to suggest that it makes a difference with regards to infection. This article aims to relate preoperative hair removal to SSIs for paediatric patients.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective analysis was conducted from a single paediatric neurosurgical database at the University Hospital of Wales. Patients were grouped according to whether they underwent preoperative hair removal or not. Findings were reviewed in light of the previously published literature.
RESULTS: One hundred eighty two paediatric intracranial tumours were operated on between November 2008 and 2019. A total of twenty-six patients (14%) developed an infection post-operatively, of which meningitis was the most common (77%). Eighty-nine operations were undertaken without preoperative hair removal, of which there were a total of fifteen infections (17%). In the hair removal group, there were a total of eleven infections out of ninety-three operations (12%). Overall, the patients without hair removal had a higher infection rate when compared to those with hair removal (17 and 12% respectively), however, this result was not statistically significant (p-value 0.3989).
CONCLUSION: We did not find evidence that hair removal in paediatric neurosurgery effects postoperative infection risk.
Participants who regularly consume commercial kratom extracts will orally self-administer a single serving of their commercial kratom extract product under direct observation in order to evaluate acute physiological, subjective, and cognitive effects and determine pharmacokinetics. Participants will undergo direct observation and assessment for acute self-administration and for a period following the peak effects (i.e., a period of short abstinence). Physiological, subjective, and cognitive effects will be measured in an inpatient unit where the participant will reside for 2 days and 1 night (consecutive).
Patients participate in 5 videoconference sessions over 30 minutes each over 6 weeks focused on worry management skills, values-based goal setting, and brief mindfulness-based practices, then complete patient workbook activities after each session over 15-20 minutes per day. Patients also complete a survey over 8 minutes at 6 weeks, an exit interview at 7 weeks, and questionnaires over 25 minutes each at baseline, 6 weeks, and 10 weeks.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject substance useful as an active breeder agent for Bifidobacterium which activates the Bifidobacterium to improve breeding and settling the profitable Bifidobacterium and improves production efficiency in manufacturing medicines and foods including the Bifidobacterium by extracting from the lees of rice wine with an alcohol. SOLUTION: This substance is obtained as a compound having a molecular weight of <=5,000 and extracted from the lees of rice wine with an alcohol. The extractant alcohol is preferably ethanol. The objective substance is obtained by such a process that ethanol is added to the lees of rice wine to perform extraction, then the ethanol is distilled away from the extract and the resultant concentrate is treated in a separatory funnel, then the aqueous layer is evaporated to dryness. It is preferable to include 0.15-1.20% (weight ratio) objective substance in the 2nd objective active breeder agent for Bifidobacterium as the active ingredient. This substance imparts a peculiarly high growth- stimulative effect, acid resistance and drought resistance to Bifidobacterium, therefore the highly effective active breeder agent for Bifidobacterium is obtained.
Dose-Response Relationships

Single-dose administration of NESINA to healthy subjects resulted in a peak inhibition of DPP-4 within two to three hours after dosing. The peak inhibition of DPP-4 exceeded 93% across doses of 12.5 mg to 800 mg. Inhibition of DPP-4 remained above 80% at 24 hours for doses greater than or equal to 25 mg. Peak and total exposure over 24 hours to active GLP-1 were three- to four-fold greater with NESINA (at doses of 25 to 200 mg) than placebo. In a 16 week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, NESINA 25 mg demonstrated decreases in postprandial glucagon while increasing postprandial active GLP-1 levels compared to placebo over an eight-hour period following a standardized meal. It is unclear how these findings relate to changes in overall glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, NESINA 25 mg demonstrated decreases in two-hour postprandial glucose compared to placebo (-30 mg/dL versus 17 mg/dL, respectively).

Multiple-dose administration of alogliptin to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus also resulted in a peak inhibition of DPP-4 within one to two hours and exceeded 93% across all doses (25 mg, 100 mg and 400 mg) after a single dose and after 14 days of once-daily dosing. At these doses of NESINA, inhibition of DPP-4 remained above 81% at 24 hours after 14 days of dosing.

Cardiac Electrophysiology

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, four-arm, parallel-group study, 257 subjects were administered either alogliptin 50 mg, alogliptin 400 mg, moxifloxacin 400 mg or placebo once daily for a total of seven days. No increase in corrected QT (QTc) was observed with either dose of alogliptin. At the 400 mg dose, peak alogliptin plasma concentrations were 19-fold higher than the peak concentrations following the maximum recommended clinical dose of 25 mg.
PURPOSE:To obtain the title cosmetic base through such a process that a turbid liquid containing a cosmetic base powdery agent, oily component and water-soluble binder, etc., held in a cylindrical container equipped with a liquid-passable porous member at the bottom opening and with a pressurizing member at the top opening is put to pressure attachment to a specified position of a card-type mount. CONSTITUTION:A card-type mount 2 is put on a receiving table 5 and a pressurizing means 6 is situated tight on the mount. The pressurizing means 6 is equipped with a cylinder 6a, a porous member 6b with meshes and a piston-like pressurizing member 6c. A turbid liquid comprising a cosmetic base powdery agent, an oily component, and a water-soluble binder, water or an alcohol is put into a cylinder 6a, and the pressurizing member 6c is then actuated in the arrow direction; thereby, the turbid liquid is passed through the porous member 6b and a cosmetic base layer 3 is formed on the mount 2. This mount 2 can be made into a small-sized, lightweight cosmetic excellent in portability and convenience by folding in two at its center 2C. A plural number of such cosmetic base layer 3 may be formed.
The median subcutaneous lethal dose of terbutaline sulfate in mature rats is approximately 165 mg/kg (approximately 90 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose for adults on a mg/m2 basis). The median subcutaneous lethal dose of terbutaline sulfate in young rats is approximately 2000 mg/kg (approximately 1100 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose for adults on a mg/m2 basis).

The expected symptoms with overdosage are those of excessive beta-adrenergic stimulation and/or occurrence or exaggeration of any of the symptoms listed under ADVERSE REACTIONS, e.g., seizures, angina, hypertension or hypotension, tachycardia with rates up to 200 beats per minute, arrhythmias, nervousness, headache, tremor, dry mouth, palpitation, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, malaise, and insomnia. Hypokalemia may also occur.

There is no specific antidote. Treatment consists of discontinuation of terbutaline sulfate together with appropriate symptomatic therapy. The judicious use of a cardioselective beta-receptor blocker may be considered, bearing in mind that such medication can produce bronchospasm. There is insufficient evidence to determine if dialysis is beneficial for overdosage of terbutaline sulfate.

In the alert patient who has taken excessive oral medication, the stomach should be emptied by induced emesis followed by lavage. In the unconscious patient, the airway should be secured with a cuffed endotracheal tube before lavage, and emesis should not be induced. Instillation of activated charcoal slurry may help reduce absorption of terbutaline. Adequate respiratory exchange should be maintained, and cardiac and respiratory support provided as needed. The patient should be monitored until signs and symptoms of overdosage have subsided.
The teachings are directed to an immunocompetent xenograft model. The model comprises an immunodeficient animal modified to have a reconstituted immune system, wherein a xenograft is transplanted in the animal and allowed to establish for an establishment period of at least about 10 days. The xenograft simulates a tissue in a subject in need of a treatment. In these embodiments, the reconstituted immune system is created after the establishment period, and is created by administering a total number of T-cells to the animal. The total number of T-cells consists of a preselected number of responsive T-cells, a preselected number of non-responsive T-cells, and a preselected ratio of responsive T-cells to total T-cells. The preselected number of responsive T-cells simulates a number of responsive T-cells in the subject, and the ratio of the number of responsive T-cells to total T-cells ranges from about 1:100,000 to about 30:100,000.
PURPOSE:To obtain the titled solution by filtering and removing impurities from a fucoidan-containing solution or low-viscosity fucoidan-containing solution using an ultrafiltration membrane. CONSTITUTION:A fucoidan-containing solution obtained from algae containing fucoidan (e.g. brown algae such as tangle, wakame seaweed, gulfweed, etc.), or a fucoidan-containing solution having a viscosity decreased by beta-1,3-glucanase and/or protease, is treated with an ultrafiltration membrane (having a fractionation molecular weight of 5,000-60,000, preferably 10,000-15,000 and/or 60,000- 100,000). The impurities are filtered and removed by this process to obtain a solution having high fucoidan purity. If necessary, the solution is dried as it is, or fucoidan is coagulated and precipitated by adding a polar solvent to a concentration of 40-55(v/v)%, and the precipitated fucoidan is dried to obtain high- purity dried fucoidan.
The physical exercise without proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation control group (CG) Intervention consisted of the same activities carried out in the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation group (PNFG) during Stages 1 and 2, during the same amount of minutes, sessions, and weeks; however, CG intervention did not include specific techniques and basic principles (i.e. approximation and optimal resistance) and procedures of the PNF concept. The activities were instructed and supervised by a trained professional through verbal command. The professional was at stand-by assistant position to prevent accidents.