anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Absorption: ZANTAC is absorbed very rapidly after intramuscular (IM) injection. Mean peak levels of 576 ng/mL occur within 15 minutes or less following a 50-mg IM dose. Absorption from IM sites is virtually complete, with a bioavailability of 90% to 100% compared with intravenous (IV) administration. Following oral administration, the bioavailability of ZANTAC Tablets is 50%. 

Distribution: The volume of distribution is about 1.4 L/kg. Serum protein binding averages 15%. 

Metabolism: In humans, the N-oxide is the principal metabolite in the urine; however, this amounts to <4% of the dose. Other metabolites are the S-oxide (1%) and the desmethyl ranitidine (1%). The remainder of the administered dose is found in the stool. Studies in patients with hepatic dysfunction (compensated cirrhosis) indicate that there are minor, but clinically insignificant, alterations in ranitidine half-life, distribution, clearance, and bioavailability. 

Excretion: Following IV injection, approximately 70% of the dose is recovered in the urine as unchanged drug. Renal clearance averages 530 mL/min, with a total clearance of 760 mL/min. The elimination half-life is 2.0 to 2.5 hours.

Four patients with clinically significant renal function impairment (creatinine clearance 25 to 35 mL/min) administered 50 mg of ranitidine intravenously had an average plasma half-life of 4.8 hours, a ranitidine clearance of 29 mL/min, and a volume of distribution of 1.76 L/kg. In general, these parameters appear to be altered in proportion to creatinine clearance (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

Geriatrics: The plasma half-life is prolonged and total clearance is reduced in the elderly population due to a decrease in renal function. The elimination half-life is 3.1 hours (see PRECAUTIONS: Geriatric Use and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Renal Function).

Pediatrics: There are no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameter values for ranitidine in pediatric patients (from 1 month up to 16 years of age) and healthy adults when correction is made for body weight. The pharmacokinetics of ZANTAC in pediatric patients are summarized in Table 1.

T½= Terminal half-life; CLp = Plasma clearance of ranitidine.

ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Plasma clearance in neonatal patients (less than 1 month of age) receiving ECMO was considerably lower (3 to 4 mL/min/kg) than observed in children or adults. The elimination half-life in neonates averaged 6.6 hours as compared to approximately 2 hours in adults and pediatric patients.
In addition to home based traditional scoliosis exercise, the training group will also receive core stabilization exercise training for 8 weeks, 5 days a week, for 30 minutes. Core stabilization training; exercises for 2 muscle systems that contribute to spinal stability are given. The first one is the "local system" muscles; multifidus, transversus abdominis, diaphragm and pelvic floor muscles. The second, the "global system" includes large superficial muscles, such as erector spines, rectus abdominis, internal and external obliques, quadratus lumborum, gluteus maximus, and latissimus dorsi.
Each patient will be hemodynamically assessed using echocardiography: Day1 defines the first echocardiography performed within the first 12 hours (ideally within the first 6 h) following the diagnosis of septic shock, Day2 and Day3 define the examination performed 24 to 36 h and 48 to 72 h later (guidance of treatment during the acute phase), Day end defines the examination performed after vasopressors cessation (end of hemodynamic failure). In addition, echocardiography will be performed on ICU discharge and on Day28 or on hospital discharge (whatever occurs first) to document potential reversibility of LV diastolic dysfunction. Transthoracic echocardiography will always first be performed and transesophageal echocardiography will be limited to ventilated patients without adequate surface echocardiographic image quality, under sedation and during the initial phase of septic shock (D1 to D3), according to the standards of care of participating centers.
Compress for eye treatment comprises a support of fibrous material, e.g. a sheet of cellulosic material or non-woven fibrous material, impregnated with a soln. contg. >=1 active substance for local application to the eyes. The compress is wrapped to seal it from air and humidity by several superimposed layers comprising at least one Al sheet sepd. by two sheets of heat-weldable plastics e.g. cellophane, polyethylene and/or PVC. The plastics sheet in contact with the support is inert to the active substances. The plastics sheets are welded along their edges.
The use of antioxidants could thus prove an effective medication to prevent or facilitate recovery from oxidative stress-induced sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). One promising strategy to prevent SNHL is developing probucol (PB)-based nanoparticles using encapsulation technology and administering them to the inner ear via the established intratympanic route. The preclinical, clinical and epidemiological studies support that PB is a proven antioxidant that could effectively prevent oxidative stress in different study models. Such findings suggest its applicability in preventing oxidative stress within the inner ear and its associated neural cells. However, several hurdles, such as overcoming the blood-labyrinth barrier, ensuring sustained release, minimising systemic side effects and optimising targeted delivery in the intricate inner ear structures, must be overcome to efficiently deliver PB to the inner ear. This review explores the background and pathogenesis of hearing loss, the potential of PB in treating oxidative stress and its cellular mechanisms, and the obstacles linked to inner ear drug delivery for effectively introducing PB to the inner ear.
The A.L.P.S. Proximal Humerus Plating System was developed to provide another surgical option for proximal humerus fracture fixation. The aim of the A.L.P.S. Proximal Humerus Plating System is to provide increased fracture stability while simultaneously increasing range of motion and decreasing the likelihood of screw perforation.

A minimum of 7 and maximum of 10 sites globally will be involved in this study. This number of clinical sites will allow for a better generalization of study data as well as allow for consistency to be developed across multiple regions. 135 implants will be included into the study. Each site will be allowed to enroll 27 humeri. Enrollment is competitive. All potential study subjects will be required to participate in the Informed Consent process.
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatological disease, and there is a lack of understanding of the genetic factors involved in psoriasis in Taiwan. To establish associations between genetic variations and psoriasis, a genome‑wide association study was performed in a cohort of 2,248 individuals with psoriasis and 67,440 individuals without psoriasis. Using the ingenuity pathway analysis software, biological networks were constructed. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) diplotypes and haplotypes were analyzed using Attribute Bagging (HIBAG)‑R software and chi‑square analysis. The present study aimed to assess the potential risks associated with psoriasis using a polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis. The genetic association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in psoriasis and various human diseases was assessed by phenome‑wide association study. METAL software was used to analyze datasets from China Medical University Hospital (CMUH) and BioBank Japan (BBJ). The results of the present study revealed 8,585 SNPs with a significance threshold of P<5x10‑8, located within 153 genes strongly associated with the psoriasis phenotype, particularly on chromosomes 5 and 6. This specific genomic region has been identified by analyzing the biological networks associated with numerous pathways, including immune responses and inflammatory signaling. HLA genotype analysis indicated a strong association between HLA‑A*02:07 and HLA‑C*06:02 in a Taiwanese population. Based on our PRS analysis, the risk of psoriasis associated with the SNPs identified in the present study was quantified. These SNPs are associated with various dermatological, circulatory, endocrine, metabolic, musculoskeletal, hematopoietic and infectious diseases. The meta‑analysis results indicated successful replication of a study conducted on psoriasis in the BBJ. Several genetic loci are significantly associated with susceptibility to psoriasis in Taiwanese individuals. The present study contributes to our understanding of the genetic determinants that play a role in susceptibility to psoriasis. Furthermore, it provides valuable insights into the underlying etiology of psoriasis in the Taiwanese community.
Perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI), which is mainly mediated by renal ischemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury, is commonly observed in clinical practice. However, effective measures for preventing and treating this perioperative complication are still lacking in the clinic. Thus, we designed this study to examine whether remote liver ischemic preconditioning (RLIPC) has a protective effect on damage caused by renal I/R injury. In a rodent model, 30 mice were divided into five groups to assess the effects of RLIPC and ERK1/2 inhibition on AKI. The groups included the sham-operated (sham), kidney ischemia and reperfusion (CON), remote liver ischemic preconditioning (RLIPC), CON with the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 (CON+U0126), and RLIPC with U0126 (RLIPC+U0126). RLIPC consisted of 4 liver ischemia cycles before renal ischemia. Renal function and injury were assessed through biochemical assays, histology, cell apoptosis and protein phosphorylation analysis. RLIPC significantly mitigated renal dysfunction, tissue damage, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by I/R, which was associated with ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, ERK1/2 inhibition with U0126 negated the protective effects of RLIPC and exacerbated renal injury. To summarize, we demonstrated that RLIPC has a strong renoprotective effect on kidneys post I/R injury and that this effect may be mediated by phosphorylation of ERK1/2.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and debilitating respiratory illness, that kills around 30,000 people annually in the UK. The primary risk factor is cigarette smoking, which causes inflammation in the air passages of the lungs. This inflammation is irreversible and results in progressive lung destruction. Currently, there are no effective anti-inflammatory medications available for COPD.

Inhalers remain the mainstay of regular treatment for COPD. Macrolide antibiotics however, are occasionally used as a supplementary treatment for some patients. They have been shown to be anti-inflammatory. However, concerns exist over the development of bacterial resistance to such antibiotics. Consequently they are not widely prescribed for COPD. Solithromycin is a new macrolide antibiotic, which has been shown to possess superior anti-inflammatory properties. Importantly, bacteria are far less likely to develop resistance to this new medication.

The current study will assess the effect of solithromycin as an anti-inflammatory treatment for COPD. 30 patients will be recruited to receive 28 days of treatment with solithromycin or placebo, followed by a 28 day wash out period (no study medication), before taking a further 28 days of treatment (the medication not taken first time around, i.e. either solithromycin or placebo). This study is a single-centre (Harefield Hospital), double-blind (study team and patient are not told what treatment they are taking), randomised (order in which solithromycin and placebo are taken), placebo-controlled and has a crossover design (subjects take both solithromycin and placebo separately). Sputum, blood and fluid from the nasal lining will be periodically sampled to examine any effect on the levels of inflammatory cells and proteins during the study. Any changes in lung function parameters or symptoms (COPD Assessment Test) will also be assessed.
The invention discloses an acupoint injection medicine for treating rheumatic arthralgia, a preparation method and an application, which relates to the medicine technical field of rheumatic arthralgia treatment. The invention provides the medicine for treating rheumatic arthralgia with the advantages of safe and effective performance, and the preparation method and the application. The acupoint injection medicine for treating rheumatic arthralgia comprises the following raw materials by volume ratio: 2-3 parts of Daphne giraldii Nitsche injection, 2-3 parts of gen-seng injection, 2-3 parts of saussurea involucrata injection, 2-3 parts of clematis root injection, 2-3 parts of no injection in summer and 2-3 parts of injection in winter. The prepared disinfection aqueous solution of the medicine raw materials are mixed according to volume ratio to prepare the acupoint injection medicine. The acupoint injection medicine for treating rheumatic arthralgia is used for purifying blood, treating various rheumatic arthralgia and other rheumatism illness. The application method of the medicine is acupoint injection, and the acupoint injection medicine is capable of integral adjusting, and has the functions of qi-blood interacting, nourishing liver and kidney, reinforcing bone and nourishing marrow, invigorating spleen and disinhibiting dampness, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, and diminishing flammation and relieving pain. The medicine is safe and effective, and can thoroughly treat various rheumatic arthralgia and difficult illness.
The protocol will be organized in three phases: baseline, experimental, and follow-up. In the baseline, patients will receive a multimodal assessment \[functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalogram (EEG)\]. The experimental phase is made of 2 sessions spaced 5 days apart: on day 1, patients will receive placebo (or ketamine), on day 5 patients will receive ketamine (or placebo). The order will be randomized and balanced. The investigators will use a targeted-controlled infusion (TCI) system to infuse a continuous subanesthetic dose of ketamine, which is known to have psychedelics effects, or a saline solution. The investigators will periodically assess for new signs of consciousness with the "simplified evaluation of consciousness disorders" (SECONDs) scale. The investigators will use transcranial magnetic stimulation coupled to EEG (TMS-EEG) to measure brain activity and calculate brain complexity. TMS-EEG will be performed from 20 minutes before the beginning of the infusion up to the max duration of the experiment (90 minutes). Another SECONDs will be performed on the following day of each session to control for carry-over effects. The primary outcomes are the emergence of new conscious behaviours and higher brain complexity following ketamine infusion. The secondary outcomes are baseline brain differences in neurophysiological and brain imaging measures between responders (new conscious behaviors or higher brain complexity) and non-responders (no new conscious behaviors or higher brain complexity). In the follow-up phase, patients' health will be evaluated at 1, 6, and 12 months.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a stable and efficient spawning method for sevenband grouper by employing LHRHa as a maturation- and ovulation-inducing hormone agent for the adult sevenband grouper, using a sustained-release preparation that can increase the persistence, enables the sustained-release and giving the hormone agent with a simple technique.  <P>SOLUTION: A cacao butter oily preparation is used as a sustained-release preparation that can carry out the sustained-release administration of a synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRHa : des-Gy<SP>10</SP>, [DAla<SP>6</SP>]-LHRH ethyl amide). The oily preparation including the LHRHa is injected and the dose of LHRHa is 20 to 100 μg/kg BW. The adult groupers are selected from adult groupers cultured under artificial environment, an individual egg is selected from the ovary including eggs having a diameter of 420 to 550 μm. The eggs collected after the hormone treatment are artificially fertilized, thereby the fertilized eggs of good quality can stably and efficiently obtained from the adult groupers.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
In addition to the standard lymphadenectomy, the nerve tissues around CHA and the SMA and nodes around the celiac trunk and SMA (No.16a2, 16b1) must be dissected. Retroperitoneal lymphatic tissue, nerves and connective tissue range from the hepatic portal down to the beginning part of the inferior mesenteric artery, the right to the right renal hilus, left to the left edge of the abdominal aorta is included.
BACKGROUND: Low voltage areas (LVAs) on left atrial (LA) voltage mapping correlate with atrial fibrosis. However, there is no uniform standard for the definition of LVAs, or mapping techniques and mapping rhythms, so that the predictive value of left atrial LVAs for recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is uncertain. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the presence of pre-ablation left atrial LVAs and the risk of recurrent AF after catheter ablation.
METHODS: The databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane library, Scopus, Wanfang Datebase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine and China Scientific Journal Datebase were searched from inception to 31 July 2023. Relevant studies regarding left atrial LVAs prior to ablation to predict postoperative recurrence of AF were identified and analyzed. The efficacy endpoints were defined as the recurrence of atrial arrhythmia lasting over 30 s.
RESULTS: A total of 12 studies with 1070 patients were included. We found the presence of pre-ablation left atrial LVAs correlated with the risk of recurrent AF after ablation (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.33-3.52). The presence of pre-ablation left atrial LVAs can predict the risk of recurrent AF after ablation both in the follow-up duration ≤12 months group and follow-up duration >12 months group (follow-up duration ≤12 months: HR = 2.93, 95% CI: 2.20-3.90; follow-up duration >12 months: HR = 2.80, 95% CI: 2.09-3.77). The presence of pre-ablation left atrial LVAs correlated with the risk of recurrent AF after ablation in paroxysmal AF (HR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.97-4.24).
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of pre-ablation left atrial LVAs correlate with the risk of recurrent AF after catheter ablation.
OBJECTIVES: This study undertook a scoping review of research on blood fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) concentrations in healthy non-azotemic cats and cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to describe the volume and nature of existing literature, to determine whether published studies provide adequate evidence to support the use of FGF-23 as a biomarker in clinical practice and to identify any existing gaps in knowledge.
METHODS: PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were used to design and perform the scoping review. Online databases were used to identify observational and clinical studies of blood FGF-23 concentrations in healthy cats and cats with CKD published before December 2022. Study and population characteristics and descriptive data on FGF-23 concentrations were extracted.
RESULTS: A total of 205 publications were reviewed; 17 were retained for inclusion. Most studies were retrospective. Most studies included cats with International Renal Interest Society stage 2-4 CKD, with some variation. Key concepts explored in the literature include FGF-23 concentrations by CKD stage, effect of dietary phosphate restriction on FGF-23 concentrations, relationship between FGF-23 concentrations and blood phosphorus, calcium and magnesium concentrations, and FGF-23 concentrations in cats with progressive CKD. FGF-23 concentrations tended to be higher in cats with CKD compared with healthy cats, with an overlap between healthy and CKD populations, and there was significant variation within stages of CKD.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: FGF-23 is a biomarker of interest for the management and monitoring of phosphate overload in cats. Studies support several potential clinical applications for measuring FGF-23 concentration in practice; however, evidence is limited. Research on FGF-23 in cats with CKD would benefit from longitudinal, prospective studies that standardize CKD diagnosis and categorize cats by stage using current guidelines. Studies should include cats with early-stage, non-azotemic CKD and use commercially available assays so such results are comparable across studies.
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents including Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors (COX-2 Inhibitors):In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (including those on diuretic therapy), or with compromised renal function, co-administration of NSAIDs, including selective COX-2 inhibitors, with angiotensin II receptor antagonists, including olmesartan medoxomil, may result in deterioration of renal function, including possible acute renal failure. These effects are usually reversible. Monitor renal function periodically in patients receiving olmesartan medoxomil and NSAID therapy. 

The antihypertensive effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists, including olmesartan medoxomil may be attenuated by NSAIDs including selective COX-2 inhibitors.

Dual Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS):Dual blockade of the RAS with angiotensin receptor blockers, ACE inhibitors, or aliskiren is associated with increased risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and changes in renal function (including acute renal failure) compared to monotherapy. Most patients receiving the combination of two RAS inhibitors do not obtain any additional benefit compared to monotherapy. In general, avoid combined use of RAS inhibitors. Closely monitor blood pressure, renal function and electrolytes in patients on Tribenzor and other agents that affect the RAS. 

Do not co-administer aliskiren with Tribenzor in patients with diabetes [See Contraindications (4)]. Avoid use of aliskiren with Tribenzor in patients with renal impairment (GFR <60 ml/min). 

Use with Colesevelam Hydrochloride:Concurrent administration of bile acid sequestering agent colesevelam hydrochloride reduces the systemic exposure and peak plasma concentration of olmesartan. Administration of olmesartan at least 4 hours prior to colesevelam hydrochloride decreased the drug interaction effect. Consider administering olmesartan at least 4 hours before the colesevelam hydrochloride dose [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. 

Lithium:Increases in serum lithium concentrations and lithium toxicity have been reported with concomitant use of olmesartan or thiazide diuretics. Monitor lithium levels in patients receiving Tribenzor and lithium.
In Phase 2, we will develop the hardware to allow three haptic robots to dock (a gym) and be configured to allow patients to play therapy games alone or collaboratively. We will test the safety and feasibility of the gym in a community-based rehabilitation setting. We will treat 36 patients randomized to either a control group getting standard of care therapy and a robot group receiving standard of care with upper limb therapy being given using the robot gym instead of an occupational therapist. Therapy will occur over 4 weeks with two follow-up assessments. Key milestones will be to show that the robot group has the same or better functional outcomes, motivation, and adverse events as the control group. Also to show that the robot gym is a cost-effective solution to increasing access to quality rehabilitation care in low-resource, community-based settings. Success here will validate this potential solution, justify design changes revealed via user-feedback and a larger clinical trial.