anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is emerging as an effective therapeutic option for oligometastatic disease (OMD). However, a lack of phase III data, consensus guidelines, and toxicity concerns limit its widespread use. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) routinely report hazard ratios (HRs) and medians that lack clear clinical and robust interpretation. Restricted-mean survival time (RMST) is the duration of time a patient is expected to survive over the follow-up period, providing a robust and interpretable alternative. We analyzed the efficacy of SBRT using RMST.
METHODS: All registered RCTs of ablative radiotherapy in OMD in ClinicalTrials.gov through 2022 were identified. Data were reconstructed from Kaplan-Meier curves, and the HRs and RMST differences were estimated for surrogate endpoints (SEs) and overall survival (OS).
RESULTS: Six studies comprising 426 patients met the inclusion criteria. The RMST differences for SEs ranged from 4.6 months in a study by Iyengar et al. to 11.1 months in SABR-COMET. The RMST differences for OS in SABR-COMET, Gomez et al., and SINDAS studies were 12.6, 15 and 7.9 months, respectively.
CONCLUSION: RMST demonstrates the efficacy of local treatment in OMD. Representing the expected survival time, this method effectively communicates outcomes to patients and clinicians.
FIELD: biotechnology, veterinary science, immunology. SUBSTANCE: method involves the use of the following antigens: inactivated concentrated cultures of strains Eryipelotrix insidiosa N 1689 of subtype 1a and N 1329 of subtype 1b (serotype A) in the amount 1500-2270 billion cells and living concentrated culture of strain N 1933 of subtype 2a (serotype B) in the amount 525-905 billion cells. For development of grund-immunity bullocks are injected subcutaneously in different body parts with inactivated concentrated antigen (serotype A) in the dose 10-15 billion cells and living concentrated antigen (serotype B) in the dose 2-3 billion cells and repeatedly in 21 days in the dose 20-25 billion cells and 5-7 billion cells, respectively. Hyperimmunization is carried out with inactivated concentrated antigen (serotype A) and living concentrated antigen (serotype B) by 8-10-fold with interval for 3-4 days. EFFECT: enhanced activity of end product, decreased process time, simplified process. 2 tbl, 5 ex
A method for treating hyperpigmentation of the skin comprises the clinical examination, diagnosing and the treatment itself. The skin is covered daily with foaming solution prepared ex tempore from finely grated soap Dove without colorants (3.0-10.0), 1.5-15 mL of 3 % solution of hydrogen peroxide and 1.0-8.0 mL of ethanol ammonia solution. The composition is mixed with the brush until foaming and applied for 20 minutes to the affected area of the skin. The remaining foam is washed out with water. The result is assessed in several hours. When necessary, the procedure is repeated until the clinical effect.
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenesis: In carcinogenicity studies in mouse and rat, sumatriptan was administered orally for 78 and 104 weeks, respectively, at doses up to 160 mg/kg/day (the high dose in rat was reduced from 360 mg/kg/day during week 21). There was no evidence in either species of an increase in tumors related to sumatriptan administration. Plasma exposures (AUC) at the highest doses tested were 20 and 8 times that in humans at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 200 mg/day.

Mutagenesis: Sumatriptan was negative in in vitro (bacterial reverse mutation [Ames], gene cell mutation in Chinese hamster V79/HGPRT, chromosomal aberration in human lymphocytes) and in vivo (rat micronucleus) assays.

Impairment of Fertility: When sumatriptan (5, 50, 500 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to male and female rats prior to and throughout the mating period, there was a treatment-related decrease in fertility secondary to a decrease in mating in animals treated with doses greater than 5 mg/kg/day (less than the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis). It is not clear whether this finding was due to an effect on males or females or both.

13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology

Corneal Opacities: Dogs receiving oral sumatriptan developed corneal opacities and defects in the corneal epithelium. Corneal opacities were seen at the lowest dose tested, 2 mg/kg/day, and were present after 1 month of treatment. Defects in the corneal epithelium were noted in a 60-week study. Earlier examinations for these toxicities were not conducted and no-effect doses were not established. Plasma exposure at the lowest dose tested was approximately 2 times that in humans at the MRHD.
The study will be conducted as a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study in the general surgery clinic of a university hospital. As a result of the power analysis calculated under Cohen's expert opinion, it was decided to include a total of 100 patients, 50 patients in order to reach 80% power with 0.50 effect size (medium effect) and 5% error (alpha=0.05). in each group. The study will continue by taking the consent of the patients and choosing from among the volunteer patients. The method by which the patients will be operated will be determined by choosing from a total of 100 (50 per group) sealed envelopes containing the group names. In the first (Fixation Group) group, inguinal hernia repair with the TEP method will be fixed with a mesh stapler. While inguinal hernia repair is performed with TEP method in the second (Non-Fixation Group) group, the mesh will not be fixed by any method. Exclusion criteria; It was determined as being younger than 18 years of age, having a comorbidity that prevented him from receiving general anesthesia, having had a previous lower abdominal surgery, having undergone previous inguinal hernia surgery, having bilateral inguinal hernia, scrotal hernia or strangulated hernia.

Creation of double blind; Patients will not be told which study group participants are in as a result of the envelope participants choose. In the postoperative follow-up of the patients, the researcher who recorded the parameters related to the study and provided the measurements will not know which group the patients are in.

Age, gender, comorbidity, smoking history and body mass index of the patients will be recorded on the preoperative forms. The surgery will be performed by a single surgeon according to the group chosen by the patients. The performing surgeon was a general surgeon with 5 years of active experience in laparoscopic hernia surgery and had performed both methods more than 200 times. Until the end of the study, only the surgeon will know which group the patients are in. The investigator evaluating the results of the study and the performing surgeon will not communicate about the study.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a pharmaceutical preparation, containing a carbamoylmethylurea derivative having a strong affinity for a gastrin receptor and/or a central cholecystokinin receptor and useful as a therapeutic agent for gastric or duodenal ulcer, etc. SOLUTION: This pharmaceutical preparation comprises a compound of formula I (R1 is H or a lower alkyl; R2 is a lower alkoxy, a lower alkylamino, etc.; R3 is phenyl; R4 is phenyl, a cycloalkyl, an alkyl or a heterocyclic ring) or its pharmaceutically permissible salt. e.g. 2-[(tert- butoxycarbonylmethyl)-[3-(m-(carboxyphenyl) ureidomethylcarbonyl]]aminobenzophenone. The compound of formula I is obtained by reacting a compound of formula II (R9 is H or a carboxy-protecting group) with carbonyldiimidazole, reacting the resultant product with a compound of formula III (R10 is the same as R9 ) and using the prepared urea type compound of formula IV and a 2-substituted aniline derivative as starting raw materials.
Techniques are described herein for drawing conclusions using free form texts and external resources. In various embodiments, free form input data (202) may be segmented (504) into a plurality of input data segments. A first input data segment may be compared (510) with an external resource (304) to identify a first candidate conclusion. A reinforcement learning trained agent (310) may be applied (512) to make a first determination of whether to accept or reject the first candidate conclusion. Similar actions may be performed with a second input data segment to make a second determination of whether to accept or reject a second candidate conclusion. A final conclusion may be presented (522) based on the first and second determinations of the reinforcement learning trained agent with respect to at least the first candidate conclusion and the second candidate conclusion.
Participants will receive Velcade SC at a dose of 1.3 mg/m\^2 SC on Days 1, 4, 8 and 11 of each 21-day cycle and Dex 20 mg PO on Days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12 (up to 8 cycles). Participants who have sponsor-confirmed disease progression while being treated with Vd or on observation, will be offered the option for treatment with daratumumab monotherapy (16 mg/kg weekly for Cycles 1 and 2, every other week for Cycles 3 to 6, and every 4 weeks for Cycles 7 and onwards until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, pregnancy, loss of follow-up, withdrawal of consent, or death \[each cycle is 28 days\]), if recommended by the site investigator.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of intranasal midazolam (in-MDZ) administration for antiseizure treatment in adults.
METHODS: Embase and Medline literature databases were searched. We included randomized trials and cohort studies (excluding case series) of adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) examining in-MDZ administration for epilepsy, epileptic seizures, or status epilepticus published in English between 1985 and 2022. Studies were screened for eligibility based on predefined criteria. The primary outcome was the efficacy of in-MDZ administration, and the secondary outcome was its tolerability. Extracted data included study design, patient characteristics, intervention details, and outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.
RESULTS: A total of 12 studies with 929 individuals treated with in-MDZ were included. Most studies were retrospective, with their number increasing over time. Administered in-MDZ doses ranged from 2.5 to 20 mg per single dose. The mean proportion of successful seizure termination after first in-MDZ administration was 72.7% (standard deviation [SD] 18%), and the proportion of seizure recurrence or persistent seizures ranged from 61 to 75%. Most frequent adverse reactions to in-MDZ were dizziness (mean 23.5% [SD 38.6%]), confusion (one study; 17.4%), local irritation (mean 16.6% [SD 9.6%]), and sedation (mean 12.7% [SD 9.7%]).
CONCLUSIONS: Administration of in-MDZ seems promising for the treatment of prolonged epileptic seizures and seizure clusters in adults. Limited evidence suggests that intranasal administration is safe. Further research is warranted because of the heterogeneity of cohorts, the variation in dosages, and the lack of uniformity in defining successful seizure termination.
BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) are common clinical co-morbidities, but they are challenging to manage and have poor prognoses. There is no research on the bioinformatics mechanisms of comorbidity, and this study aims to investigate such mechanisms.
METHODS: We downloaded the AMI data (GSE66360) and DN datasets (GSE30528 and GSE30529) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) platform. The GSE66360 dataset was divided into two parts: the training set and the validation set, and GSE30529 was used as the training set and GSE30528 as the validation set. After identifying the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AMI and DN in the training set, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction were performed. A sub-network graph was constructed by MCODE, and 15 hub genes were screened by the Cytohubba plugin. The screened hub genes were validated, and the 15 screened hub genes were subjected to GO, KEGG, Gene MANIA analysis, and transcription factor (TF) prediction. Finally, we performed TF differential analysis, enrichment analysis, and TF and gene regulatory network construction.
RESULTS: A total of 46 genes (43 up-regulated and 3 down-regulated) were identified for subsequent analysis. GO functional analysis emphasized the presence of genes mainly in the vesicle membrane and secretory granule membrane involved in antigen processing and presentation, lipopeptide binding, NAD + nucleosidase activity, and Toll-like receptor binding. The KEGG pathways analyzed were mainly in the phagosome, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, apoptosis, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Eight co-expressed hub genes were identified and validated, namely TLR2, FCER1G, CD163, CTSS, CLEC4A, IGSF6, NCF2, and MS4A6A. Three transcription factors were identified and validated in AMI, namely NFKB1, HIF1A, and SPI1.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals the common pathogenesis of AMI and DN. These common pathways and hub genes may provide new ideas for further mechanistic studies.
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to investigate physical risk factors in patients with non-specific neck pain. The correlations among pain intensity, pressure pain threshold, range of motion (ROM), and disability index were analyzed in 50 patients with non-specific neck pain at a hospital in Korea. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 50 patients diagnosed with non-specific neck pain by a doctor. All subjects were evaluated for pain intensity, pressure threshold, degree of disability, active range of motion (ROM) of the neck, upper cervical rotation ROM, muscular endurance of deep cervical flexor, compensatory movements for neck flexion, forward head posture, shoulder height difference, and rounded shoulder posture. The correlation between each variable was analyzed. RESULTS Pain intensity had a significant correlation between cervical rotation ROM, cervical flexion-rotation ROM, rounded shoulder posture, shoulder height difference, and forward head posture (P<.05). There was a significant correlation between the pressure pain threshold and the cervical extension ROM, cervical flexion-rotation ROM, and rounded shoulder height (P<.05). The disability index had a significant correlation between the cervical rotation ROM, cervical flexion-rotation ROM, rounded shoulder posture, and the compensatory movement of neck flexion (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Physical risk factors for non-specific neck pain included cervical rotation ROM, upper cervical rotation ROM, rounded shoulder posture, shoulder height difference, and cervical flexion compensatory movements, which can affect pain intensity and pressure pain threshold.
Vecuronium bromide for injection is for intravenous use only.

This drug should be administered by or under the supervision of experienced clinicians familiar with the use of neuromuscular blocking agents. Dosage must be individualized in each case. The dosage information which follows is derived from studies based upon units of drug per unit of body weight and is intended to serve as a guide only, especially regarding enhancement of neuromuscular blockade of vecuronium bromide by volatile anesthetics and by prior use of succinylcholine (see PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions).

To obtain maximum clinical benefits of vecuronium bromide and to minimize the possibility of overdosage, the monitoring of muscle twitch response to peripheral nerve stimulation is advised.

The recommended initial dose of vecuronium bromide is 0.08 to 0.1 mg/kg (1.4 to 1.75 times the ED90) given as an intravenous bolus injection. This dose can be expected to produce good or excellent non-emergency intubation conditions in 2.5 to 3 minutes after injection. Under balanced anesthesia, clinically required neuromuscular blockade lasts approximately 25 to 30 minutes, with recovery to 25% of control achieved approximately 25 to 40 minutes after injection and recovery to 95% of control achieved approximately 45 to 65 minutes after injection. In the presence of potent inhalation anesthetics, the neuromuscular blocking effect of vecuronium bromide is enhanced. If vecuronium bromide is first administered more than 5 minutes after the start of inhalation agent or when steady-state has been achieved, the initial vecuronium bromide dose may be reduced by approximately 15%, i.e., 0.06 to 0.085 mg/kg.

Prior administration of succinylcholine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking effect and duration of action of vecuronium bromide. If intubation is performed using succinylcholine, a reduction of initial dose of vecuronium bromide to 0.04 to 0.06 mg/kg with inhalation anesthesia and 0.05 to 0.06 mg/kg with balanced anesthesia may be required.

During prolonged surgical procedures, maintenance doses of 0.01 to 0.015 mg/kg of vecuronium bromide are recommended; after the initial vecuronium bromide injection, the first maintenance dose will generally be required within 25 to 40 minutes. However, clinical criteria should be used to determine the need for maintenance doses.

Since vecuronium bromide lacks clinically important cumulative effects, subsequent maintenance doses, if required, may be administered at relatively regular intervals for each patient, ranging approximately from 12 to 15 minutes under balanced anesthesia, slightly longer under inhalation agents. (If less frequent administration is desired, higher maintenance doses may be administered.)

Should there be reason for the selection of larger doses in individual patients, initial doses ranging from 0.15 mg/kg up to 0.28 mg/kg have been administered during surgery under halothane anesthesia without ill effects to the cardiovascular system being noted as long as ventilation is properly maintained (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Pharmacokinetics).
At every stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the leading cause of mortality is cardiovascular disease. This is due, in part, to vascular calcification (VC) of the coronary arteries. The extent of VC in the coronary arteries of patients with CKD is commonly determined by high resolution CT scan. The total coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, measured in Agatston units (AUs), reflects the calcium burden in the three major coronary arteries and is the current standard for determining extent of vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients. Matrix Gla protein (MGP), a vitamin K dependent protein, is a key inhibitor of vascular calcification and is present in the arterial wall. It is established that MGP becomes up-regulated adjacent to sites of calcification and that vitamin K is critical to its function. Therefore vitamin K status may be critical to the extent of vascular calcification in this patient group. However, to date, no trial has examined whether vitamin K supplementation prevents the progression of coronary artery calcification in patients with kidney failure, a group in which high risk has been established. Therefore, our primary research question is: Does vitamin K supplementation with 10 mg of phylloquinone thrice weekly reduce the progression of coronary artery calcification (as measured by CAC score) over 12 months in prevalent hemodialysis patients with a baseline CAC score of ≥ 30 Agatston Units compared to placebo?
To achieve maximum contraceptive effectiveness, LARINTM Fe 1.5/30 should be taken exactly as directed and at intervals not exceeding 24 hours.  
LARINTM Fe 1.5/30 provides a continuous administration regimen consisting of 21 yellow tablets of norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol and 7 brown non-hormone containing tablets of ferrous fumarate. The ferrous fumarate tablets are present to facilitate ease of drug administration via a 28-day regimen and do not serve any therapeutic purpose. There is no need for the patient to count days between cycles because there are no “off-tablet days.’’

A. Sunday-Start Regimen: The patient begins taking the first yellow tablet from the top row of the dispenser (labeled Sunday) on the first Sunday after menstrual flow begins. When the menstrual flow begins on Sunday, the first yellow tablet is taken on the same day. The patient takes one yellow tablet daily for 21 days. The last yellow tablet in the dispenser will be taken on a Saturday. Upon completion of all 21 yellow tablets, and without interruption, the patient takes one brown tablet daily for 7 days. Upon completion of this first course of tablets, the patient begins a second course of 28-day tablets, without interruption, the next day (Sunday), starting with the Sunday yellow tablet in the top row. Adhering to this regimen of one yellow tablet daily for 21 days, followed without interruption by one brown tablet daily for seven days, the patient will start all subsequent cycles on a Sunday.

B. Day-1 Start Regimen: The first day of menstrual flow is Day 1. The patient places the self-adhesive day label sticker that corresponds to her starting day over the preprinted days on the tablet dispenser. She starts taking one yellow tablet daily, beginning with the first yellow tablet in the top row. After the last yellow tablet (at the end of the third row) has been taken, the patient will then take the brown tablets for a week (7 days). For all subsequent cycles, the patient begins a new 28 tablet regimen on the eighth day after taking her last yellow tablet, again starting with the first tablet in the top row after placing the appropriate day label sticker over the preprinted days on the tablet dispenser. Following this regimen of 21 yellow tablets and 7 brown tablets, the patient will start all subsequent cycles on the same day of the week as the first course.

Tablets should be taken regularly with a meal or at bedtime. It should be stressed that efficacy of medication depends on strict adherence to the dosage schedule.
FIELD: pharmaceutical industry. SUBSTANCE: method involves the preparing the stable iron-sorbitol complex - hexahydric alcohol with trivalent iron that is stable at storage. Reaction mixture consisting of sorbitol, dextrin, citric acid and water is heated to 70 C and sodium hydroxide and ferric chloride were added to reaction medium by drops at thorough stirring. Complex is synthesized at pH = 9.0-9.5 and bubbling is carried out with gaseous nitrogen or compressed sterile air. EFFECT: improved method of drug making. 4 cl
Exposure group patients are those who voluntarily choose to use Shenlingcao Oral Liquid recommended by the doctor in NSCLC patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Jiangzhong Group will donate the first 30 bottles of medicine, and afterwards, patients may purchase if they still need to take it. The length of time and dose of Shenlingcao Oral Liquid are unlimited and other adjunctive treatments may be used at the same time.
There have been postmarketing reports of serious hypersensitivity reactions in patients treated with sitagliptin, one of the components of JANUMET. These reactions include anaphylaxis, angioedema, and exfoliative skin conditions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Onset of these reactions occurred within the first 3 months after initiation of treatment with sitagliptin, with some reports occurring after the first dose. If a hypersensitivity reaction is suspected, discontinue JANUMET, assess for other potential causes for the event, and institute alternative treatment for diabetes. [See Adverse Reactions (6.2).]

Angioedema has also been reported with other DPP-4 inhibitors. Use caution in a patient with a history of angioedema with another DPP-4 inhibitor because it is unknown whether such patients will be predisposed to angioedema with JANUMET.