anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that up to 70% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cases globally are undiagnosed worldwide. Some of these undiagnosed patients may present with severe exacerbation and factors associated with underdiagnosis in this population are unknown. We investigated the key factors associated with underdiagnosis in two cohorts of patients hospitalised for severe COPD exacerbation at different time points.
METHODS: This retrospective, multicentre study analysed data from patients hospitalised for COPD exacerbation at two independent centres during two distinct time periods: between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018 in the Aquitaine region and between 1 January and 31 December 2022 in Paris. Undiagnosed COPD was defined as the absence of pulmonary function testing before the index exacerbation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between underdiagnosis and patient characteristics.
RESULTS: Among the 424 patients, 93 (21.9%) were undiagnosed before hospitalisation, with a stable rate over time (22% in 2017-2018 and 21% in 2022). Multivariate analysis revealed that underdiagnosis was related to higher forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1; adjusted OR (aOR)=1.02, p=0.043) and female sex (aOR=1.91, p=0.015). Patients with undiagnosed COPD had significantly lower rehospitalisation and mortality rates. After the initial severe exacerbation, higher mortality was associated with a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (HR=1.24, p=0.007) and older age (HR=1.05, p=0.008).
CONCLUSION: This retrospective, multicentre study demonstrated that about 20% of patients admitted with severe exacerbation were undiagnosed for COPD. Higher FEV1 and female sex were associated with underdiagnosis, emphasising the need for special attention to this population. These findings highlight the need to improve training and access to spirometry and develop new diagnostic tools that facilitate earlier detection and management of COPD.
The patients are prescribed a EQD2of 65-70Gy to CTV1(high-risk regions including tumor bed), 50-55Gy to CTV2(low-risk regions) using Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The Prophylactic irradiation to upper neck is is decided by radiation physicians and given a EQD2 of 70-77Gy to CTVnd (clinically negative lymph nodes), 50-55Gy to CTVn2（neck nodal regions). If there is residual tumor, a EQD2 of 70-77Gy is prescribed to GTV.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a hair grower having excellent hair loss-preventive effect and trichogenesis-promotive effect by including an extract from a plant belonging to the genus Baccharis of Compositae family as active ingredient. SOLUTION: This hair grower is obtained by including, as active ingredient, an extract from a plant belonging to the genus Baccharis of Compositae family (pref. Baccharis genistelloides mainly of Brazilian growth); wherein the extract can be obtained by subjecting a plant as mentioned above to solvent extraction either directly, or after ground following being dried as necessary. The content of the above extract in a hair grower composition is pref. 0.005-20.0 (more pref. 0.01-10.0) wt.% on a dry basis.
5.1 Anaphylactic Reactions

Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) reactions have been reported in patients on penicillin therapy including amoxicillin. Although anaphylaxis is more frequent following parenteral therapy, it has occurred in patients on oral penicillins. These reactions are more likely to occur in individuals with a history of penicillin hypersensitivity and/or a history of sensitivity to multiple allergens. There have been reports of individuals with a history of penicillin hypersensitivity who have experienced severe reactions when treated with cephalosporins. Before initiating therapy with amoxicillin, careful inquiry should be made regarding previous hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins, or other allergens.5.2 Clostridium difficile Associated Diarrhea

Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including amoxicillin, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.

C. difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin-producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibacterial use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over 2 months after the administration of antibacterial agents.

If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibiotic use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibiotic treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.

5.3 Potential for Microbial Overgrowth or Bacterial Resistance

The possibility of superinfections with fungal or bacterial pathogens should be considered during therapy. If superinfections occur, amoxicillin should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted. Prescribing amoxicillin either in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient, and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria.5.4 Uses in Patients With Mononucleosis

A high percentage of patients with mononucleosis who receive amoxicillin develop an erythematous skin rash. Thus amoxicillin should not be administered to patients with mononucleosis.5.5 Phenylketonurics

The oral suspension of amoxicillin do not contain phenylalanine and can be used by phenylketonurics.
Patient will receive a topical 2% SADBE sensitization dose applied to the patient's upper arm. Three weeks after topical sensitization dose patient will receive topical placebo applied to the patient's upper arm.
BACKGROUND: Environmental factors greatly impact infectious disease-related mortality, yet there's a lack of comprehensive global studies on the contemporary burden and trends. This study aims to evaluate the global burden and trends of infectious disease mortality caused by air pollution, unsafe water, poor sanitation, and non-optimal temperature across Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions from 1990 to 2019.
METHODS: This observational study utilized data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study to examine mortality rates from infectious diseases attributed to environmental risk factors between 1990 and 2019, including air pollution, unsafe water, sanitation, handwashing facilities (UWSH), and non-optimal temperatures. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were utilized to present infectious disease mortality, and its trajectory influenced by environmental risk factors over the years. Nonlinear regression was conducted to explore the association between the SDI and ASMRs across regions from 1990 to 2019.
RESULTS: In 2019, global infectious disease deaths linked to air pollution, UWSH, and non-optimal temperature reached a startling 2,556,992. Disease mortality varied widely across SDI regions, with the highest number of deaths due to air pollution and UWSH in Low SDI regions, and deaths from non-optimal temperature primarily in High SDI regions. Age disparities emerged, with children under five and the elderly most affected. However, an increasing mortality trend was observed among seniors (65-69, 75-79, and over 80) in High SDI regions due to enteric infections linked to UWSH. Globally, a consistent decrease in ASMR was seen from 1990 to 2019 for all diseases connected to these factors, except for respiratory infections linked to non-optimal temperature.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study underscores the significant impact of air pollution, UWSH, and non-optimal temperatures on global infectious disease mortality, particularly among vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly. It's important to tackle these challenges with targeted interventions aiming to enhance environmental quality, improve water and sanitation systems, and control extreme temperatures. In addition, international cooperation is essential for bridging regional disparities and driving global public health initiatives forward, thereby helping achieve Sustainable Development Goals more effectively.
The invention is concerned with a method to produce supply of calcium using the extract of haw to produce haw acid calcium. The haw is the material for extracting juic. Put calcium carbonate or calcium oxide to react with haw acid and other orfanic acid to get organic acid calcium salt. It keeps the other compenets of haw, and it is concentrated with different concentration or dried into powder with low temperature to get the supply of calcium with different oral agents. Haw has carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, niacin, lactone, flavonoid, calcium, phosphorus, iron and necessary fatty acid, such as linoleic acid and lionlenic acid. It can drop blood fats, cholesterin and pressure of blood to pretend heart and cure cardiocerebral vascular disease, speed the exudation of gastric juice.
Patients that participate in this study will be using a wearable device for 6 months. At their initial visit (visit 1), patients will undergo a brief physical exam, have their medical history and medications recorded, and be fit to a device. With their clinical (or clinician delegate), the patient will have their baseline reading with the device. The patient will then be taught how to use the device at home and go through 2 practice patient-initiated measurements. The patient will also complete two surveys as a part of visit 1. These surveys can be done at the visit or at home within 7 days of the visit.

Details of all available history of Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) disease including surgical interventions related to CHF, CHF risk factors, or CHF comorbidities will be recorded (via a chart pull after the visit). The number of previous CHF-related hospitalizations, the patient's latest CHF diagnosis classification, and date of last hospitalization (number of days since) will be specifically noted. This includes notes about the current condition of the patient and their congestion and fluid status. Current New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification will be pulled as well (or assigned during the physical exam portion). Recent BNP (brain natriuretic peptide), creatinine, Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF), chest Xray and other relevant labs will also be pulled from the chart and with vaccination status and dates for the following vaccines: COVID 19, flu and pneumonia. This is the first chart review (of two) that is required for the study).

After visit 1, the patient will use the device once daily for 6 months. After 6 months, the patient will return for visit 2. At visit two, the patient will have a brief physical exam and return the device. The patient will complete the same two surveys and an additional survey about their perception of the device.

30 days after visit 2 a second, targeted chart review will occur. Details of the patient's clinical course while they were using the device and for an additional 30 days after will be recorded. While the chart review will be targeted to the CHF clinical course (such as Emergency room visits, hospitalizations, skilled nursing facility visits, outpatient checkups and other CHF related notes), other relevant information will be collected as well. The most recent NYHA classification will be pulled (or assigned at visit 2). The most recent BNP, creatinine, LVEF, chest Xray and other relevant labs will be pulled.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

There were no clinical trials conducted with MINIVELLE. MINIVELLE is bioequivalent to Vivelle®. The following adverse reactions are reported with Vivelle therapy:

During the clinical pharmacology studies with MINIVELLE, 35 percent or less of subjects experienced barely perceptible erythema. No transdermal systems were removed due to irritation. Three subjects (2.2 percent) reported mild discomfort while wearing MINIVELLE (N=136).
BACKGROUND: The interplay between peritoneal dialysis (PD), residual kidney function (RKF), and thyroid function remains poorly understood, with limited prospective studies comparing thyroid function in PD versus hemodialysis (HD) patients.
METHODS: This prospective single-center study assessed thyroid function in 18 PD patients over a 24-month follow-up period at the Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Kidney Transplantation, UHC Rijeka, Croatia. Data were compared to 24 concurrently treated HD patients.
RESULTS: Initially, some PD patients exhibited elevated TSH levels, which normalized during follow-up despite longer dialysis duration. Compared to HD patients, PD patients demonstrated significantly higher T4 concentrations at baseline and higher FT4 concentrations at 12 and 24 months. Furthermore, FT3 levels were significantly higher in PD patients at baseline and at both 12 and 24 months, with T3 levels also within the reference interval after the beginning of the study. Additionally, a positive association was observed between T4 levels and 24-h diuresis after 12 months in PD patients.
CONCLUSION: Recognizing additional risk factors and potential impacts on RKF and cardiovascular comorbidities in dialysis patients can enhance patient care, influence dialysis modality selection, and guide ongoing patient monitoring. Thorough evaluation of thyroid function in PD and HD patients is essential for optimizing clinical outcomes and overall well-being. This study contributes to understanding the complex interplay between thyroid function, RKF, and dialysis modality, emphasizing the need for further research to inform comprehensive patient care strategies.
BACKGROUND: Studies have emerged about a syndrome of persistent symptoms of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection called 'Long COVID', which have mostly focused on the first 3 months. This study examined rates and predictors of Long COVID symptoms lasting beyond 3 months (termed Long2 COVID).
METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study using a population-based sample of 511 adults in San Antonio, Texas with laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were assessed for Long2 COVID. Inverse probability weighting was used.
RESULTS: In the sample, 19.18-59.10% met criteria for Long2 COVID depending on the definition. In general, Long COVID symptoms decreased after 3 months with the notable exception of an observed increase in loss of taste and smell. White Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 7.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.78, 32.87) background and baseline depression symptoms (aOR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.65) were predictive of Long2 COVID. Long2 COVID was also associated with greater anxiety symptoms 6 months after onset of COVID-19.
CONCLUSIONS: A sizable proportion report COVID-19 symptoms lasting more than 3 months and some symptoms even increased over time. Adults who are Hispanic white adults or have depression may be at greater risk for Long2 COVID. Further research is needed on why some adults experience Long COVID and how to reduce the duration of illness.
The present application relates to pegylated lipid nanoparticles with bioactive lipophilic compounds. In particular, the present application relates to nanoparticles for systemic or local delivery of lipophilic diagnostic or therapeutic agents to an individual in need thereof. The nanoparticle of the present application comprises a water soluble polymer and at least one of a biocompatible lipid and a lipophilic agent. The application also relates to ophthalmic treatments using the nanoparticles of the application. Furthermore, the present application relates to compositions and formulations comprising the nanoparticles of the present application. Such a formulation may be an eye drop formulation.
Erythromycin is produced by a strain of Saccharopolyspora erythraea(formerly Streptomyces erythraeus) and belongs to the macrolide group of antibiotics. It is basic and readily forms salts with acids. The base, the stearate salt, and the esters are poorly soluble in water. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate is an ester of erythromycin suitable for oral administration. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate is known chemically as erythromycin 2'-(ethylsuccinate). 

Erythromycin ethylsuccinate tablets, USP for oral administration are intended primarily for adults or older children. Each tablet contains erythromycin ethylsuccinate equivalent to 400 mg of erythromycin activity. The molecular formula is C 43H 75NO 16and the molecular weight is 862.06. The structural formula is:
Risk Summary   
Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)], FOLOTYN can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are insufficient data on FOLOTYN use in pregnant women to evaluate for a drug- associated risk. FOLOTYN was embryotoxic and fetotoxic in rats and rabbits when administered during organogenesis at doses about 1.2% (0.012 times) of the clinical dose on a mg/m2 basis. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population(s) is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data   
Pralatrexate was embryotoxic and fetotoxic in rats at intravenous doses of 0.06 mg/kg/day (0.36 mg/m2/day or about 1.2% of the clinical dose on a mg/m2 basis) given on gestation days 7 through 20. Treatment with pralatrexate caused a dose-dependent decrease in fetal viability manifested as an increase in late, early, and total resorptions. There was also a dose-dependent increase in post-implantation loss. In rabbits, intravenous doses of 0.03 mg/kg/day (0.36 mg/m2/day) or greater given on gestation days 8 through 21 also caused abortion and fetal lethality. This toxicity manifested as early and total resorptions, post-implantation loss, and a decrease in the total number of live fetuses.
The scaffolding protein programmed cell death protein 10 (Pdcd10) has been demonstrated to play a critical role in renal epithelial cell homeostasis and function by maintaining appropriate water reabsorption in collecting ducts. Both ureter and kidney collecting duct systems are derived from the ureter bud during development. Here, we report that cadherin-16 (Cdh16)-cre drives gene recombination with high specificity in the ureter, but not the bladder, urothelium. The consequences of Pdcd10 deletion on the stratified ureter urothelium were investigated using an integrated approach including messenger RNA (mRNA) expression analysis, immunocytochemistry, and high-resolution confocal and electron microscopy. Loss of Pdcd10 in the ureter urothelium resulted in increased expression of uroplakins (Upks) and keratins (Krts), as well as hypertrophy of the ureter urothelium with an associated increase in the number of proliferation marker protein Ki-67 (Ki67)-expressing cells specifically within the basal urothelium layer. Ultrastructural analysis documented significant modification of the intracellular membrane system, including intracellular vesicle genesis and transport along the basal- to umbrella-cell-layer axis. Additionally, Pdcd10 loss resulted in swelling of Golgi compartments, disruption of mitochondrial cristae structure, and increased lysosomal fusion. Lack of Pdcd10 also resulted in decreased fusiform vesicle formation in umbrella cells, increased secretion of exosome vesicles, and alteration in microvillar structure on apical membranes. Our findings indicate that Pdcd10 expression and its influence on homeostasis is associated with modulation of endomembrane trafficking and organelle biogenesis in the ureter urothelium.
A method of preparing a depilatory composition includes placing a quantity of sucrose into a heating vessel. Vinegar and citric acid are added into the heating vessel in the respective amounts of about 30 to 35% and 2.0 to 2.5% of the quantity of sucrose. The sucrose, vinegar and citric acid are stirred to create a mixture. The mixture is heated to about 230 degrees Fahrenheit. The mixture is diluted with water in an amount of 2.0 to 2.5% of the quantity of sucrose. The diluted mixture is cooled to form a soft was a room temperature once the temperature of the diluted mixture reaches about 230 degrees Fahrenheit.
For the purpose of this randomized, controlled, open-label study, women will be selected from those undergoing in vitro fertilization treatments with a long protocol prescription. This study will compare two treatment groups, one using Marvelon, the other using the NuvaRing. Patients on Marvelon will be taking the medication for a period ranging from 14 to 21 days. This period will be determined by the administrative nurse. In contrast, patients in the NuvaRing group will be inserting the vaginal ring for a period specified by the administrative nurse, ranging from 14 to 35 days.

During the medical consultation, the couple will be assessed and a primary or secondary infertility diagnosis will be established. Before treatment starts, the couple will have to undergo a series of tests as per the standard of care in order to allow a diagnosis to be made and to determine whether In Vitro Fertilization is the right treatment. The couple will receive all the information they need on an In Vitro Fertilization cycle. If the patient is eligible for In Vitro Fertilization cycle according to initial assessment of the physician, the patient will be informed by the physician about the research project. After a period of consideration and once their questions have been answered, the couple will sign a consent form to start In Vitro Fertilization treatment under the study protocol

After signing the consent form, if the subject is eligible for the research project, the research nurse will meet with the patient. The study will be explained in detail and all questions will be answered. In addition, the nurse will record any information on the patient's medical history including medical history, medication and any previous surgery. The subject will be screened for eligibility prior to randomization. Once the subject is deemed eligible and is interested in participating in the study, the research nurse will meet with the subject in order to sign the informed consent form and to determine the randomization group she will be participating in. In order to determine which group will be allocated for a subject, a randomized envelope will be given to the patient containing the patient number will be opened to assign her to one of the two groups - either the Marvelon or the NuvaRing group. She will open it on site The randomization will be carried out using an envelope system to be identified initially by its randomization number. The envelopes will be prepared in advance in such a way that nobody can know their content.
FIELD: medicine, infectious diseases. SUBSTANCE: invention proposes the use of human interleukin-2 prepared from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Strain is deposited in All-Russian Collection of industrial microorganisms at N VKPM-U 791. Interleukin-2 is administrated at doses from 100 000 to 3 000 000 IU/24 h/1 m 2  patient body surface. In contrast to other interleukins used for treatment of sepsis the proposed interleukin-2 shows stimulating effect on "resting" lymphocytes, induces production of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor. Method can be used for treatment of severe states in human caused by infection and for correction of IMMUNOSUPPRESSION at sepsis in human also. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment. 5 tbl