anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Preliminary research indicated that impaired antioxidant defense and increased lipid peroxidation is associated with brain changes during the onset of psychosis. Oxidative cell injury may contribute to poor outcomes in some patients. This study will define the extent and nature of oxidative cell injury that is associated with psychopathology at the onset of psychosis.

Participants in this study will be patients at the D. D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center who are experiencing a psychotic episode for the first time. Patients will be compared with 40 healthy volunteers (control group) matched with patients for age, gender, education, ethnic background, and occupational status. Patients and volunteers will have blood tests to determine the level of oxidative cell injury. Tests will be performed at onset of psychosis, and after 6 and 12 weeks of neuroleptic drug treatment. Medical histories and MRI scans will be used to examine the relationship of the laboratory tests to the clinical presentation.
A substance having deodorant and anti-inflammatory activity is prepared by incubating an aqueous nutrient medium containing powdered green unroasted coffee beans, sources of nitrogen, carbohydrate and trace elements, with microorganisms spontaneously taken up by said nutrient medium from the surrounding air under aerobic conditions in an open vessel at a temperature within the range 18-28  DEG C. for up to three weeks and converting either the culture broth as such, or the filtrate or mycelium thereof separately into liquid or solid formulations for medical, personal hygiene and general deodorant use. The source of nitrogen and carbohydrate is oat-flakes.  The pH may be 5-7 and chlorophyll-containing plant material, e.g. grasses and leaves of vegetables, may be added to the fermentation medium. Alternatively, nutrient medium containing oat-flakes and unroasted coffee with and without added chlorophyll-containing plant material may be separately cultivated and the whole broth so produced, the filtrates and the residues on filtration of the two culture media may be combined for use.  Known deodorants may be added.ALSO:A substance having deodorant and anti-inflammatory activity is prepared by incubating an aqueous nutrient medium containing powdered green unroasted coffee beans, sources of nitrogen and carbohydrate and trace elements, with microorganisms spontaneously taken up by said nutrient medium from the surrounding air under aerobic conditions in an open vessel at 18 to 28 DEG C. for up to three weeks and the broth, broth filtrate or mycelium is worked up into liquid or solid formulations for medical, personal hygiene and general deodorant use. The source of nitrogen and carbohydrate is oat-flakes.  The pH may be 5 to 7 and chlorophyll-containing plant material may be added to the fermentation medium.  Alternatively, separate cultivations may be made with and without the addition of chlorophyll-containing plant material and the culture broth, the filtrates or the residue on filtration mixed prior to working up into the above formulations. Powders, tablets and gels for pharnaceutical use are disclosed. The substance may be used in absorbent catamenial articles and as a general deodorant e.g. in refrigerators.
The current study will probe the concept that if a Model Predictive Control insulin delivery strategy for closed-loop glucose control supervised by a safety system is coupled with a standard amylin replacement therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes the resulting combined treatment will unify the benefits of both individual therapies. In order to reduce post-meal blood glucose excursions in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, pramlintide (an analog of the human β-cell hormone, amylin) has been utilized, thus dealing with the problem or meal hyperglycemia more effectively than insulin infusion alone. Pramlintide has been successful in maintaining more normal blood glucose concentrations by significantly improving the postprandial glucose excursions in these patients when added to their mealtime insulin to mimic more closely the diurnal β-cell secretory pattern seen in normal physiology. However, pramlintide treatment can result in post-prandial hypoglycemia primarily due to overbolusing with insulin. Closed-loop systems have shown potential for significantly reducing hypoglycemia. A combined closed-loop insulin + pramlintide therapy could provide advantages over each of the individual therapies, and may also provide certain benefits with respect to weight control and improvement in sense of well being while decreasing glucose variability. A potentially important secondary benefit of combining the pramlintide treatment with a precise insulin delivery by the closed-loop system is that, based upon animal studies performed by the research team, a moderate inhibition of glucagon, as is usually achieved with pramlintide treatment, is anticipated to potentially improve the safety of insulin treatment as well by enhancing the glucagon response to hypoglycemia, which are usually impaired in type 1 diabetes, if it should occur in the early postprandial period.
A new series of technetium chelating agents based on amide and mercaptide donor groups is described, exemplified by 2,3-bis(mercaptoacetamido)propanoic acid. Chelation of Tc-99 m with 2,3-bis(mercaptoacetamido)propanoic acid resulted in two components that were separable by high-performance liquid chromatography. The component that eluted first demonstrated high specificity for renal excretion with over 90% in the urine in rabbits at 35 minutes and 87% in the urine of mice at 2 hours and 1.6% or less in the intestines of mice. Excretion was rapid with the first component equal to or greater than I-131 Hippuran in the urine of rabbits at all times. The second or latter component demonstrated comparable specificity, but slower renal excretion kinetics. 2,3-Bis-(mercaptoacetamido)succinic acid forms similar chelates with technetium which are also useful as radiopharmaceuticals for the renal systems of mammals.
UNLABELLED: Objectives: Biomarker-based clinical practice is currently gaining ground and increasingly affects decision making. A variety of biomarkers have been studied through the years and some of them have already an established role in modern medicine, such as procalcitonin (PCT) which has been proposed to reduce antibiotic exposure. We purposed to systematically review all biomarkers examined for guiding the clinical practice in patients with pneumonia.
METHODS: A systematic review on PubMed was performed on April 2023 by two independent researchers using the PRISMA guidelines. Randomized trials which enrolled patients with pneumonia and compared biomarker-guided strategies to standard of care were included.
RESULTS: 1242 studies were recorded, from whom 16 were eligible for this study. 14 studies investigated PCT as a biomarker. From these, 8 studies reported on community acquired pneumonia (CAP), 2 on ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), 1 on aspiration pneumonia, 1 on hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) and 2 on exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD). There was 1 study, referred to VAP, that investigated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and 1 study that reported the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in ECOPD. In a total of 4751 patients in 15 studies, the biomarker-based approach did not lead to increased mortality [OR: 0.998 (95%CI: 0.74-1.34, p value: 0.991). I2:19%]. Among different types of pneumonia and time-points of assessment, biomarker-guided practice appeared to improve antibiotic-related outcomes, such as rate of antibiotic prescription, duration of antibiotic therapy and rate of antibiotic exposure, while 5 studies reported a possible decrease in antibiotic-related adverse effects. Biomarker-guided practice did not seem to lead in an increase in other adverse outcomes such as need for hospitalization and duration of hospitalization. However, the included studies have high risk of bias mainly due to improper blinding of participants/personnel and outcome assessors.
CONCLUSION: Biomarker-guided clinical practice improves provided healthcare, in terms of reduced antibiotic consumption with no inferiority to mortality, relapses and exacerbations in patients with different types of pneumonia. Thus, such approaches should be further evaluated to achieve personalized medicine.
Risk Summary

There are no available data with LUZU Cream, 1% use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. In animal reproduction studies with pregnant rats and rabbits, there were no adverse developmental effects observed with subcutaneous administration of luliconazole during organogenesis at doses up to 3 and 24 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) [see Data].

The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

The animal multiples of human exposure calculations were based on daily dose body surface area (BSA) comparisons (mg/m2) for the reproductive toxicology studies described in this section and in Section 13.1. The maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) was set at 8 g 1% cream per day (1.33 mg/kg/day for a 60 kg individual, which is equivalent to 49.2 mg/m2/day).

Systemic embryofetal development studies were conducted in rats and rabbits. Subcutaneous doses of 1, 5 and 25 mg/kg/day luliconazole were administered during the period of organogenesis (gestational days 7-17) to pregnant female rats. No treatment-related effects on maternal toxicity or malformations were noted at 25 mg/kg/day (3 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons). Increased incidences of skeletal variation (14th rib) were noted at 25 mg/kg/day. No treatment-related effects on skeletal variation were noted at 5 mg/kg/day (0.6 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons).

Subcutaneous doses of 4, 20 and 100 mg/kg/day luliconazole were administered during the period of organogenesis (gestational days 6-18) to pregnant female rabbits. No treatment-related effects on maternal toxicity, embryofetal toxicity or malformations were noted at 100 mg/kg/day (24 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons).

In a pre- and postnatal development study in rats, subcutaneous doses of 1, 5 and 25 mg/kg/day luliconazole were administered from the beginning of organogenesis (gestation day 7) through the end of lactation (lactation day 20). In the presence of maternal toxicity, embryofetal toxicity (increased prenatal pup mortality, reduced live litter sizes and increased postnatal pup mortality) was noted at 25 mg/kg/day. 

No embryofetal toxicity was noted at 5 mg/kg/day (0.6 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons). No treatment effects on postnatal development were noted at 25 mg/kg/day (3 times the MRHD based on BSA comparisons).
Lorazepam tablets, USP are administered orally. For optimal results, dose, frequency of administration, and duration of therapy should be individualized according to patient response. To facilitate this, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, and 2 mg tablets are available.  
The usual range is 2 to 6 mg/day given in divided doses, the largest dose being taken before bedtime, but the daily dosage may vary from 1 to 10 mg/day.  
For anxiety, most patients require an initial dose of 2 to 3 mg/day given b.i.d. or t.i.d.  
For insomnia due to anxiety or transient situational stress, a single daily dose of 2 to 4 mg may be given, usually at bedtime.  
For elderly or debilitated patients, an initial dosage of 1 to 2 mg/day in divided doses is recommended, to be adjusted as needed and tolerated.  
The dosage of lorazepam should be increased gradually when needed to help avoid adverse effects. When higher dosage is indicated, the evening dose should be increased before the daytime doses.
For monogenic genetic diseases, in utero gene therapy (IUGT) shows the potential for early prevention against irreversible and lethal pathological changes. Moreover, animal models have also demonstrated the effectiveness of IUGT in the treatment of coagulation disorders, hemoglobinopathies, neurogenetic disorders, and metabolic and pulmonary diseases. For major alpha thalassemia and severe osteogenesis imperfecta, in utero stem cell transplantation has entered the phase I clinical trial stage. Within the realm of the inner ear, genetic hearing loss significantly hampers speech, cognitive, and intellectual development in children. Nowadays, gene therapies offer substantial promise for deafness, with the success of clinical trials in autosomal recessive deafness 9 using AAV-OTOF gene therapy. However, the majority of genetic mutations that cause deafness affect the development of cochlear structures before the birth of fetuses. Thus, gene therapy before alterations in cochlear structure leading to hearing loss has promising applications. In this review, addressing advances in various fields of IUGT, the progress, and application of IUGT in the treatment of genetic hearing loss are focused, in particular its implementation methods and unique advantages.
PURPOSE:To obtain the subject improver which effectively reduces the softening of a fat and oil component due to temp. rise by using a specific sucrose ester of a fatty acid as the effective component. CONSTITUTION:A sucrose ester of a 14C or higher satd. fatty acid having a mean degree of substitution with the acid of 4-7 is prepd. in advance. The ester is used, if necessary together with another emulsifier, as the effective component for producing a consistency improver for cosmetics (e.g. a cold cream) or for an external preparation for skin. Examples of the acid are myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids. The improver in an amt. of 0.1-5wt.% is compounded into a raw material oil (e.g. white vaseline) for an oily base of cosmetics or of an external preparation for skin.
The present invention provides a preparation method of montmorillonite gels for treating diarrhea, which is realized by that, (1) the montmorillonite, flavoring agents, preservatives and deionized water are taken according to the formula, (2) the montmorillonite is added into the deionized water for even agitating, then the flavoring agents and preservatives are added for even agitating. (3) The mixed liquor after even agitating is processed into the even gels by using a colloid mill, wherein, the particle size of the montmorillonite is less than 20Mum. (4) The gels are packaged after the sterilization. The colloid mill in the step (3) of the preparation method can be substituted by an even thick liquid machine. (4) The sterilization in the step (4) of the preparation method can be a common sterilization method in the preparation. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages that: the present invention dose not use an ultrasonic generator, thus avoiding the harms of the biological effects of the ultrasonic waves on the human health; the colloid mill has low price, low energy consumption and low production cost; and the colloid mill has low noise during the operation.
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes affecting millions of people worldwide. Macrophages, a critical immune cell type, are central players in the development and progression of DKD. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the intricate role of macrophages in DKD, examining how they can become polarized into proinflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. We explore the signaling pathways involved in macrophage recruitment and polarization in the kidneys, including the key cytokines and transcription factors that promote M1 and M2 polarization. In addition, we discuss the latest clinical studies investigating macrophages in DKD and explore the potential of hypoglycemic drugs for modulating macrophage polarization. By gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that regulate macrophage polarization in DKD, we may identify novel therapeutic targets for this debilitating complication of diabetes. This review provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between macrophages and DKD, shedding light on the latest developments in this important area of research. This review aims to enhance understanding of the role that macrophages play in the pathogenesis of DKD.
An electronic clinical decision support (CDS) device ( 10 ) employs a trained CDS algorithm ( 30 ) that operates on values of a set of covariates to output a prediction of a medical condition. The CDS algorithm was trained on a training data set ( 22 ). The CDS device includes a computer ( 12 ) that is programmed to provide a user interface ( 62 ) for completing clinical survey questions using the display and the one or more user input devices. Marginal probability distributions ( 42 ) for the covariates of the set of covariates are generated from the completed clinical survey questions. The trained CDS algorithm is adjusted for covariate shift using the marginal probability distributions. A prediction of the medical condition is generated for a medical subject using the trained CDS algorithm adjusted for covariate shift ( 50 ) operating on values for the medical subject of the covariates of the set of covariates.
Leptomeningeal cyst (LMC) is a known complication of pediatric head injury but has not been described following a craniotomy other than for craniosynostosis. We present the case of a 20-month-old boy who underwent craniotomy for a traumatic epidural hematoma. There was an inadvertent tear of the dura which was repaired with a pericranial patch and dural sealant. The patient presented with a progressive surgical site swelling 5 months post-surgery and a CT scan revealed an LMC with elevation of the bone flap. He underwent re-exploration with watertight repair of the dural defect and rigid fixation of the bone flap. This iatrogenic LMC provides an opportunity to compare and confirm the pathogenesis vis a vis the more common spontaneous post-traumatic LMC. Our report highlights the importance of proper dural closure and bone fixation after craniotomy in children whose skulls are still growing.
Dalfampridine/Placebo: Weeks 1-3: Dalfampridine 10mg (1 tablet) every 12 hours for 3 weeks. Weeks 4-5: 2 weeks of wash-out. Weeks 5-8: Placebo (sugar pill) 1 tablet every 12 hours for 3 weeks.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of illness worldwide. Diabetes can affect nerves, skin and blood vessels. Diabetics with problems in the patients nerves can lose the sense of touch in the patient's feet (called neuropathy) and so may unknowingly cause damage to the skin resulting in skin loss or an 'ulcer'. Diabetics also have difficulty healing any damaged tissues especially if the patient have diseased blood vessels causing a lack of blood to areas of the body including the feet (called ischaemia). Therefore diabetics have a greater chance of having an ulcer and a higher chance that it does not heal up. The loss of a protective skin barrier means that bacteria can enter the foot causing infections which can spread to bone and beyond. Ultimately this can result in gangrene, amputation or even death.

Stem or progenitor cells help repair and replace damage in the body. Blood vessels are key to this repair. Recent research has suggested that special progenitor cells found in the blood may be responsible. They are called Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) and seem to be in fewer numbers and are less effective at repair in diabetics.

Current treatments for diabetic wounds are not always successful and so the investigators need more research to look at new treatments. One possibility is to use electrical stimulation of nerves in the leg. Research studies have shown this may improve blood circulation and healing of wounds. This research will assess EPCs to see if they are linked to ulcer healing in diabetic patients with neuropathy only or with ischaemia as well. Furthermore the investigators wish to investigate whether electrical stimulation can affect progenitor cells and wound healing in these patients. The longterm goal of this research is to help diabetic patients improve their quality of life by reducing wound related complications
COVID-19 pneumonia patients showed less proportions of underlying diseases, fever and respiratory symptoms than those of H1N1 pneumonia patients (p\<0.01). White blood cell count, neutrophilic granulocyte percentage, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, D-Dimer and lactate dehydrogenase in H1N1 pneumonia patients were higher than those of COVID-19 pneumonia patients (p\<0.05). H1N1 pneumonia were often symmetrically located in the dorsal part of lung inferior lobes, while COVID-19 pneumonia were unsually showed a peripheral but non-specific lobe distributions. Ground glass opacity was more common in COVID-19 pneumonia and consolidation lesions was more common in H1N1 pneumonia (p\<0.01). COVID-19 pneumonia lesions showed a relative clear margin compared with H1N1 pneumonia. Crazy-paving pattern, thickening vessels, reversed halo sign and early fibrotic leisions were more common in COVID-19 pneumonia than H1N1 pneumonia (p\<0.05). Pleural effusion in COVID-19 pneumonia was significantly less common than H1N1 pneumonia (p\<0.01).

Compared with H1N1 pneumonia in Zhejiang, China, the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia was more concealed with less underlying diseases and slighter respiratory symptoms. The more common CT manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia included ground glass opacity with a relative clear margin, crazy-paving pattern, thickening vessels, reversed halo sign and early fibrotic leisions, while the less common CT manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia included consolidation and pleural effusion.
The invention discloses a gefitinib dispersible tablet and a preparation method thereof. The gefitinib dispersible tablet is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of gefitinib and 35-60 parts of adjuvants, wherein the adjuvants comprise a filling agent, a disintegrating agent and a lubricating agent. The preparation method of the gefitinib dispersible tablet comprises the following steps: preparing the raw materials, mixing and pressing into tablets. The gefitinib dispersible tablet disclosed by the invention can disintegrate rapidly and completely so that the peak reaching degree of medicines can be increased, the peak reaching time of medicines can be shortened and the absorptivity of medicines can be improved. The gefitinib dispersible tablet has the characteristics of simple components and high utilization rate, is convenient to take and can take effect quickly. The preparation process of the gefitinib dispersible tablet is simple, is convenient to operate, is easy to control and is suitable for industrial production.