anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Neuropathic pain (NP) due to nerve injury, disrupts neural plasticity by triggering the release of inflammatory mediators. Alongside the hypothesis that neuro-inflammation contributes to this disruption, Andrographolide (Andro), a traditional bioactive compound derived from Andrographis paniculata, has garnered attention for its potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, whether Andro could ameliorate NP by regulating neuroinflammation remains unknown.
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate whether and how Andro regulates neuroinflammation and alleviates NP.
METHODS: The analgesic effects of Andro on NP were evaluated using both the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and formalin rat models. A combination of network pharmacology, RNA sequencing, and experimental validation was employed to elucidate the underlying mechanism behind Andro's analgesic effects. Additionally, various techniques such as functional ultrasound, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), patch clamp, and electron microscopy were employed to investigate the specific neural cell types, neural functions, and changes in neural plasticity influenced by Andro.
RESULTS: Network pharmacology analysis unveiled the crucial roles played by shared targets of Andro and pain in regulating pain-related inflammation, including microglia activation, neuroinflammation, immune modulation, and synaptic transmission. Furthermore, we confirmed Andro's superior efficacy in pain relief compared to the traditional analgesic drug, Gabapentin. In these models, Andro was observed to modulate the haemodynamic response triggered by SNL. Transcriptome analysis and molecular docking studies indicated the involvement of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) genes (Db1, Da, and Bb). Electron microscopy revealed improvements in synaptic ultrastructure, and electrophysiological investigations showed a selective reduction in glutamatergic transmission in neuropathic rats after following Andro treatment. The integration of systems pharmacology analysis and biological validation collectively demonstrated that the mechanism of pain relief involves immune modulation, enhancement of synaptic plasticity, and precise regulation of excitatory neurotransmission.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that Andro, by targeting MHCII genes, may serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for neuropathic pain.
Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacillus and considered to be the normal pathogen of intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations depending upon the strain. A variety of strains exist that are responsible for causing myriads of clinical presentation. E.coli O157: H7 being the most common and severe bacterial pathogen is the leading cause of bloody diarrhea. EHEC (Enterohemorrhagic E.coli) is responsible for causing severe complications like HC (Hemorrhagic colitis). Herein, we present the case of a young girl with E.coli O157:H7 infection and review the related literature. A previously healthy 37-year-old female presented with bloody diarrhea, fever, headache, and lower abdominal pain. As per history she had eaten a hamburger, denied any recent travel and absence of inflammatory bowel disease or bloody stools in family history. Physical examination revealed normal vital signs and the physical findings were unremarkable except for severe abdominal pain. Her stool was hem-occult positive. The complete blood count was within normal limits except neutrophilia and leukocytosis. An abdominal ultrasound showed thickened bowel loops consistent with colitis. First week of her hospital course, she continued to have bloody diarrhea and severe abdominal pain. Her final stool submitted to the laboratory on day 7 was consistent with a blood clot, following her developed low urine output and hematuria, with a serum creatinine of 2.1 mg/dl on day 5. Her renal symptoms were treated with fluids. She was given supportive treatment, and her platelet count and hemoglobin were stabilized. In early stages of bloody diarrhea, parental hydration plays a major role in accelerating volume expansion. Rapid stool analysis for these bacteria can alert specialists to deal with severe complications like HUS.
The use of a compound comprising formula (I) or a salt, ester, amide or prodrug therof in the inhibition of an enzyme whose preferred mode of action is to catalyse the hydrolysis of an ester functionality, e.g. in the control and inhibition of unwanted enzymes in products and processes. The compounds are also useful in medicine e.g. in the treatment of obesity and related conditions.  The invention also relates to novel compounds within formula (I), to processes for preparing them and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. In formula (I) A is a 6-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring; and R1 is a branched or unbranched alkyl (optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms), alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, reduced arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, reduced aryl, reduced heteroaryl, reduced heteroarylalkyl or a substituted derivative of any of the foregoing groups.
The invention relates to conjugates derived from the reductive amination of the pneumococcus serotype  5 capsular polysaccharide. The conditions for reductive amination differ from conventional conditions in that they make it possible to avoid the appearance of an undesirable compound which harms the immunogenicity of the conjugates. In carbon NMR spectrum, this undesirable compound is characterized by a resonance signal between 13 and 14 ppm. The aminated polysaccharides used to produce the conjugates therefore have a carbon NMR spectrum lacking a resonance signal between 13 and 14 ppm. The invention offers two conditions for reductive amination. According to a first method, the reductive amination is carried out at a slightly acidic pH (4-6.5) for at the very most 4 hours. According to a second method, the polysaccharide is first of all reduced, then fragmented and, finally, subjected to a reductive amination per se, under conditions which may or may not be conventional. Depending on the method used, the structure of the aminated polysaccharide may vary (conversion or not of the Sug residue of the repeating unit to N-acetylated quinovosamine and to N-acetylated fucosamine); however, these variations, as recorded in carbon NMR spectrometry, have no effect on the immunogenicity.
@ Monoclonal antibodies to human antigens present on a majority of human cells are described. These mAbs have use in a method for isolating mAB for less expressive antigens, such as cancer antigens, or other antigens associated with particular abnormalities, disorders or disease state. The latter mAbs may be weaker and/or not present to such an extent as the first mentioned mAbs. For example, these less expressive mAbs would be useful for cancer diagnosis, especially in the early stages, and for cancer treatment as well where the cancer cell is the target cell for the mAb. The mAb can be tagged with a tissue destructive agent such as a radio-label, a toxin, a chemical poison, and the like. Some of the mAbs described, subset tumors of particular types and so are useful for tumor subclassification. The mAbs described are also useful in analyzing the properties and functions of their respective antigens in human cells.
Cullin5 (Cul5) E3 ubiquitin ligase is shown to be linked with the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) chaperone complex. Hsp90 participates in the folding of its client proteins into their functional conformation. Many Hsp90 clients have been reported to be aberrantly expressed in a number of cancers. Cul5 is shown to interact with members of the Hsp90 chaperone complex as well as the Hsp90 client, ErbB2. Cul5 is recruited to the site of ErbB2 at the plasma membrane and subsequent induction of polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Cul5 is also involved in the regulation of another Hsp90 client, Hif-1α Cul5 degradation of ErbB2 occurs independently of ElonginB-ElonginC function. The involvement of Cul5 in Hsp90 client regulation has implications in the effectiveness of Hsp90 targeted chemotherapy, which is currently undergoing clinical trials. The link between Cul5 and Hsp90 client regulation may represent an avenue for cancer drug development.
Vasovagal reaction is the most common type of blood donation reaction. The main cause of this reaction is the decrease of blood volume. Therefore, fluid supplement before blood donation has been proved to be effective in preventing the vagal reaction after blood donation. It was proved that isotonic (sugar \& salt) drink intake before blood donation had a significant effect on reducing vasovagal reaction.

However, in 2002, WHO recommended the new reduced osmolarity rehydration formula with better taste. Oral Rehydration Salt 3 has been produced according to WHO formula with standard ingredient and easy to prepare. In addition, in Guangdong culture, sugar water is regarded as a tonic, more easily accepted. So, the aim of our study was to compare the effects of 500 ml water with Oral Rehydration Salt 3, white granulated sugar and conventional recommended water intake prior to blood donation on blood donation reaction after whole blood donation, in order to understand the effect of different liquid supplement on blood donation reaction and the willingness of blood donation again.
A 15 second long video will be obtained at the research site using a smart phone or tablet. Then subjects will undergo a whole body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan . Then the subject will go home and take a second 15 second long video. The videos will then be analyzed by computer based vision application and the body fat percentage measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan will be compared.
PURPOSE:To obtain a spherical hydroxyapatite with simple procedure at a low cost by drying a dispersion of hydroxyapatite having specific particle size and containing a water-soluble polymer, calcining the dried material and crushing the product. CONSTITUTION:A dispersion of hydroxyapatite having a diameter of <=0.2mum and containing a water-soluble polymer is dried, calcined at a temperature above the burning temperature of the water-soluble polymer and crushed. There is no particular restriction on the production process of the hydroxyapatite to be used as a raw material, however, use of wet-process hydroxyapatite is preferable to facilitate the synthesis of hydroxyapatite having small diameter. The dispersion medium used in the production of the hydroxyapatite dispersion is a volatile liquid such as water, alcohol and ketone, among which water is preferable. The water-soluble polymer is preferably those having stringiness, e.g. polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, alginic acid salt or cellulose derivative.
The Sugen 5416/hypoxia (Su/Hx) rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) demonstrates most of the distinguishing features of PAH in humans, including increased wall thickness and obstruction of the small pulmonary arteries along with plexiform lesion formation. Recently, significant advancement has been made describing the epidemiology, genomics, biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology in Su/Hx challenge in rats. For example, there are differences in the overall reactivity to Su/Hx challenge in different rat strains and only female rats respond to estrogen treatments. These conditions are also encountered in human subjects with PAH. Also, there is a good translation in both the biochemical and metabolic pathways in the pulmonary vasculature and right heart between Su/Hx rats and humans, particularly during the transition from the adaptive to the nonadaptive phase of right heart failure. Noninvasive techniques such as echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging have recently been used to evaluate the progression of the pulmonary vascular and cardiac hemodynamics, which are important parameters to monitor the efficacy of drug treatment over time. From a pharmacological perspective, most of the compounds approved clinically for the treatment of PAH are efficacious in Su/Hx rats. Several compounds that show efficacy in Su/Hx rats have advanced into phase II/phase III studies in humans with positive results. Results from these drug trials, if successful, will provide additional treatment options for patients with PAH and will also further validate the excellent translation that currently exists between Su/Hx rats and the human PAH condition.
Long-term treatment in schizophrenia begins in acute hospitalization. However inadequate treatment options in non-compliant patients discharged from acute inpatient settings are often leading to recidivism and frequent re-hospitalization. The objective of this epidemiologic survey is to evaluate epidemiological characteristics of relapse and readmission in acute psychiatric units. If long-term treatment in schizophrenia begins in acute hospitalization the use of the new long-acting injectable antipsychotics after an acute psychotic episode as a standard maintenance medication could prevent relapse and readmissions. This is a pharmaco-epidemiological study, which collects structured safety data and it is carried out in Spain. All data collected will be cross-sectional or retrospective and will include the following: demographic data, diagnosis, psychiatric history and co-morbidities, hospitalization record (previous 3 years), treatment record and physician's opinion on patient's treatment compliance. The primary objectives are to evaluate epidemiological characteristics of patients that experience relapse and need an admission in psychiatric acute units across Spain, to determine the most important risk factors which predicts the number of hospital re-admissions and to identify the impact of the clinical profile of patients with schizophrenia, and schizoaffective/schizophreniform disorders who suffer relapses. The second objective is to describe the clinical decisions made by psychiatrist regarding therapeutic approach according to the previous characteristics of the patient. as prescribed
This is a parallel design, randomized, controlled pilot trial comparing a controlled breath intervention (REST) to usual care for reducing stress in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The intervention is based on the breathing techniques of Pranayama. It was developed with patient and stakeholder input and is targeted for individuals with COPD who have moderate levels of stress and symptom burden. The intervention is a 15-minute breathing protocol which will be taught to participants and subsequently evaluated in a clinic setting with surveys, lung function, and cardiac assessments. This intervention will be pre-tested in 6 individuals, revised, and piloted in 30 individuals (15 in intervention group, 15 in control group). This study will answer the question of 1) whether a controlled breath protocol is feasible, acceptable, and safe for patients with COPD and 2) whether any modifications to the intervention are needed for a future multicenter trial to be proposed and conducted after the completion of the pilot trial. We will also 3) obtain sufficient estimates of variability in stress measures to inform statistical planning of a future trial.
Eligible participants received a starting dose of 50/100 mcg Seretide (combination of Sal/FP) via Diskus inhaler, twice daily. During the first 6 months, when the asthma was unstable/uncontrolled, dose was increased in a stepwise fashion to 50/250 mcg and 50/500 mcg (if still unstable). After the initial 6 months, the treatment was fixed without further changes. The total treatment period was 18 months.
A single intravenous dose of ACTHREL® at 1 mcg/kg is recommended for the testing of pituitary corticotrophin function. A dose of 1 mcg/kg is the lowest dose that produces maximal cortisol responses and significant (though apparently sub-maximal) ACTH responses. Doses above 1 mcg/kg are not recommended (see PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS).

At a dose of 1 mcg/kg, the ACTH and cortisol responses to ACTHREL® are prolonged and remain elevated for up to 2 hours. The maximum increment in plasma ACTH occurs between 15 and 60 minutes after ACTHREL® administration, whereas the maximum increment in plasma cortisol occurs between 30 and 120 minutes. In a clinical study of 30 normal healthy men, the peak plasma ACTH and cortisol responses to ACTHREL® administration in the early afternoon occurred at 42 ± 29 minutes and 65 ± 26 minutes (average ±SD), respectively. If a repeated evaluation using the corticorelin stimulation test with ACTHREL® is needed, it is recommended that the repeat test be carried out at the same time of day as the original test because there are differences in basal levels and peak response levels following a.m. or p.m. administration to normal humans.
PURPOSE:To obtain a hemoglobin-containing liposome, containing an aqueous solution of hemoglobin in a high concentration in a liposome membrane consisting essentially of a hydrogenated phospholipid, having high safety and useful as artificial erythrocytes stable to oxidation. CONSTITUTION:The aimed substance obtained by dissolving a liposome membranous material with >=50%, preferably >=80% hydrogenation ratio consisting essentially a hydrogenated phospholipid (e.g. lechithin or phosphatidylcholine) in an organic solvent, adding an aqueous solution of hemoglobin in 30-60wt./wt.% concentration, pressurizing the resultant solution with an inert gas and subjecting the pressurized solution to discharging treatment under a high pressure. A substance capable of imparting negative charge (e.g. phosphatidic acid) is added to prevent the liposome from aggregating. Conversion of the hemoglobin into methohemoglobin is suppressed by using the hydrogenated phospholipid. Thereby the amount of the phospholipid used can be reduced as compared with that of the hemoglobin.
Participants will complete a standardized 30-minute exercise session on a stationary bike prior to therapy. Participants will view one of 8 standardized 30-minute nature documentary videos while exercising.
OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to investigate the distinct clinical patterns of seronegative IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) patients.
METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 698 treatment-naïve IgG4-RD patients in this study. Patients were divided into four different subgroups according to their baseline serum IgG4 levels. The distinct clinical patterns of seronegative IgG4-RD patients were revealed through the comparison of baseline clinical data and disease prognosis among the different subgroups. COX regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for disease relapse and to construct the nomogram model.
RESULTS: Seronegative IgG4-RD patients account for a minority of IgG4-RD patients (49/698, 7.02%). The proportions of seronegative IgG-RD patients in our study and several Asian cohorts were significantly lower than those of the European and American cohorts. Seronegative IgG4-RD patients got lower serum IgG levels (p < 0.0001), lower eosinophil count (p < 0.0001), lower serum IgE levels (p < 0.0001)), lower IgG4-RD responder index (RI) scores (p < 0.0001), and fewer affected organ numbers (p < 0.0001) compared with other subgroups, whereas they were more likely to manifest fibrotic type with some special organ involvement. Younger age at onset, GCs monotherapy, elevated C-reactive protein level, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate level are the risk factors for the disease relapse of seronegative IgG4-RD patients. An effective nomogram model predicting disease relapse of seronegative IgG4-RD patients was constructed. Seronegative IgG4-RD patients with scores >84.65 at baseline were susceptible to suffering from disease relapse.
CONCLUSIONS: Distinct clinical features and multiple risk factors for disease relapse of seronegative IgG4-RD patients have been revealed in this study. A nomogram model was constructed to effectively predict disease relapse during the follow-up period.
Naso-jejunal tube was placed to the distal 15cm of Traitz ligament during the operation; short peptide enteral nutrient solution was heated by enteral nutrition pump and infused slowly and continuously 24 hours after the operation; during the period of infusion, the gastrointestinal tolerance of the patients was evaluated dynamically, and attention was paid to the absence of abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, regurgitation, and misaspiration. According to the results of regular review of nutritional indicators, including hemoglobin, albumin, electrolytes, liver and kidney function, etc., increase the dosage of enteral nutrients in patients in appropriate amounts; patients with no abdominal distension after exhaustion and fluid intake, that is, the removal of nasojejunal tube, and replaced by oral intake of food.
In many patients referred with significant bleeding phenotype, laboratory testing fails to define any hemostatic abnormalities. Clinical practice with respect to diagnosis and management of this patient cohort poses significant clinical challenges. We recommend that bleeding history in these patients should be objectively assessed using the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) bleeding assessment tool. Patients with increased bleeding assessment tool scores should progress to hemostasis laboratory testing. To diagnose bleeding disorder of unknown cause (BDUC), normal complete blood count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, von Willebrand factor antigen, von Willebrand factor function, coagulation factors VIII, IX, and XI, and platelet light transmission aggregometry should be the minimum laboratory assessment. In some laboratories, additional specialized hemostasis testing may be performed to identify other rare causes of bleeding. We recommend that patients with a significant bleeding phenotype but normal laboratory investigations should be registered with a diagnosis of BDUC in preference to other terminology. Global hemostatic tests and markers of fibrinolysis demonstrate variable abnormalities, and their clinical significance remains uncertain. Targeted genomic sequencing examining candidate hemostatic genes has a low diagnostic yield. Underlying BDUC should be considered in patients with heavy menstrual bleeding since delays in diagnosis often extend to many years and negatively impact quality of life. Treatment options for BDUC patients include tranexamic acid, desmopressin, and platelet transfusions.
PURPOSE:To provide the titled emulsion using a specific emulsifier. CONSTITUTION:A perfluorocarbon is added to a specific amount of a salt solution containing 0.5-30W/V% emulsifier comprising the compound of formula (X is 1-26C hydrocarbon group or acyl; Y is residue of polyhydric alcohol, sugar, etc.; AO is 3-4C oxyalkylene; Z is 8-26C hydrocarbon group, or acyl originated from 8-26C fatty acid or hydroxyfatty acid; a1 and a2 are 0-50; b1 and b2 are 5-70; l is 0-5; m and n are 0-23), and the mixture is stirred with a mixer. The obtained coarse emulsion is homogenized with an emulsifier to a particle diameter of preferably 0.05-0.2mu to obtain the objective perfluorocarbon emulsion. The amount of the perfluorocarbon is adjusted to give the emulsion having a perfluorocarbon content of 10-50W/V%. The obtained emulsion has long life in blood and efficient oxygen-carrying function, and can be utilized as the substitute for the blood of mammals, the perfusate for the preservation of organs, etc.