anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Orofacial clefts are among the most prevalent birth defects, with severe medical and psychosocial consequences. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P) and cleft palate only (CPO) affect on average nearly 1/700 births worldwide. The cause of most non-syndromic cases is unknown. Maternal factors and disorders are assumed to modify the risk of orofacial clefting. In the present study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the effects of maternal underweight, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, as well as smoking, and alcohol consumption on the development of orofacial clefts. As CL ± CP and CPO have distinct pathogenetic backgrounds, these cleft subtypes were assessed separately. Altogether, 5,830 studies were identified and 64 of them met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Obesity significantly elevated the odds of clefting (OR = 1.28, CI:1.08-1.51) (ORCL±CP = 1.23, CI:1.01-1.50; ORCPO = 1.31, CI:0.97-1.77). Maternal underweight also significantly increased the odds of clefting (OR = 1.21 CI:1.06-1.38). In mothers with type 1 diabetes, the odds of cleft development were significantly elevated (OR = 1,75, CI:1.45-2.12). Essential hypertension was also associated with higher odds of developing cleft (OR = 1.55, CI:1.18-2.03). Smoking during pregnancy significantly elevated the odds of cleft development (OR = 1.55, CI:1.34-1.79) (ORCL±CP = 1.58, CI:1.36-1.83; ORCPO = 1.50, CI:1.15-1.96). Passive smoking was even more damaging than active tobacco use, but alcohol consumption had no effect. In conclusion, this study clearly showed the importance of maintaining normal maternal body weight and emphasized the importance of hypertension and type 1 diabetes care in the first months of pregnancy. It also highlighted similarnegative effects of passive and active smoking, while alcohol consumption did not seem to be a significant risk factor for cleft development. However, there is a complete lack of available studies on the interactions of these factors, which is an essential direction for improving prevention.
PURPOSE:To obtain a cream agent for treating burn caused by hydrofluoric acid, containing calcium gluconate, polyvalent alcohol, hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant, etc., and water as active ingredients, having excellent feeling of use and long-term storage properties and readily applicable to skin. CONSTITUTION:Calcium gluconate, polyvalent alcohol (e.g. propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, etc.), hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant (e.g. polyoxyethylene monostearate, etc.) and water are contained as active ingredients. The calcium gluconate is blended in an amount of normally 0.1-5wt.%, preferably 0.5-3wt.%. The above-mentioned cream agent shows stable drug action in reduced stimulation without exhibiting deposition of calcium gluconate crystal and lowering of hardness of the cream.
BACKGROUND: Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease is a potentially lethal cardiovascular complication in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Anemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease among the hemodialysis population. However, whether blood hemoglobin concentration is associated with the risk of peripheral arterial disease progression in this population remains undetermined.
METHODS AND RESULTS: This is an extension of a 4-year multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study to 10 years. A total of 3504 Japanese patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were recruited between 2006 and 2007. The primary exposure was blood hemoglobin concentration at baseline. The main outcome was the first-ever incidence of major adverse limb events (MALE), composed of endovascular treatment, bypass surgery, and amputation. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, Fine-Gray subdistribution hazards model, restricted cubic spline analysis, and restricted mean survival time analysis were used to determine the association of blood hemoglobin concentration with the incidence of MALE. During a median follow-up of 8.0 years, 257 patients experienced MALE. A Cox proportional hazards model showed that the risk of MALE in patients with blood hemoglobin concentrations <10.0 g/dL was significantly higher than in patients with concentrations of 11.0 to 11.9 g/dL, even after adjusting for confounding factors. In contrast, elevated hemoglobin concentration (≥12.0 g/dL) was not significantly associated with increased risk of MALE. Similar associations were observed when the Fine-Gray subdistribution regression model was used by setting all-cause mortality as the competing risk.
CONCLUSIONS: A low blood hemoglobin concentration is an independent risk factor for peripheral arterial disease progression in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.
### Pregnancy Category C

In reproductive toxicity studies in rats and rabbits, oral administration of eletriptan was associated with developmental toxicity (decreased fetal and pup weights and an increased incidence of fetal structural abnormalities). Effects on fetal and pup weights were observed at doses that were, on a mg/m2 basis, 6 to 12 times greater than the clinical maximum recommended daily dose (MRDD) of 80 mg. The increase in structural alterations occurred in the rat and rabbit at doses that, on a mg/m2 basis, were 12 times greater than (rat) and approximately equal to (rabbit) the MRDD. 

When pregnant rats were administered eletriptan during the period of organogenesis at doses of 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg/day, fetal weights were decreased and the incidences of vertebral and sternebral variations were increased at 100 mg/kg/day (approximately 12 times the MRDD on a mg/m2 basis). The 100 mg/kg dose was also maternally toxic, as evidenced by decreased maternal body weight gain during gestation. The no-effect dose for developmental toxicity in rats exposed during organogenesis was 30 mg/kg, which is approximately 4 times the MRDD on a mg/m2 basis. 

When doses of 5, 10 or 50 mg/kg/day were given to New Zealand White rabbits throughout organogenesis, fetal weights were decreased at 50 mg/kg, which is approximately 12 times the MRDD on a mg/m2 basis. The incidences of fused sternebrae and vena cava deviations were increased in all treated groups. Maternal toxicity was not produced at any dose. A no-effect dose for developmental toxicity in rabbits exposed during organogenesis was not established, and the 5 mg/kg dose is approximately equal to the MRDD on a mg/m2 basis.

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women; therefore, eletriptan should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
A system and computer implemented method is provided to determine a need for a medical examination. The system includes a computerized device and a database accessible using an interface. Some data may include information about a patient that may be definable by a user. The system may also include a rules engine operated by the computerized device to manage rules and to retrieve the data from the database, retrieve the rules stored in the database relating to the need for the examination of the medical condition by a specialist practitioner, and compare the data that is retrieved with the rules to determine a need for an initial examination. Findings from the initial examination are storable in the database, and the findings are retrievable to be compared with the rules to determine a need for a subsequent examination. Medical codes associated with the findings are storable in the database.
BACKGROUND: Painful degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP I), or hallux rigidus, mainly occurs in later stages of life. For end-stage hallux rigidus, MTP I arthrodesis is considered the gold standard. As young and active patients are affected considerably less frequently, it currently remains unclear, whether they benefit to the same extent. We hypothesized that MTP I arthrodesis in younger patients would lead to an inferior outcome with decreased rates of overall with lower rates of patient postoperative pain and function compared to an older cohort.
METHODS: All patients aged <50 years who underwent MTP I arthrodesis at our institution between 1995 and 2012 were included in this study. This group was then matched and compared with a group of patients aged >60 years. Minimum follow-up was 10 years. Outcome measures were Tegner activity score (TAS), a "Virtual Tegner activity score" (VTAS), the visual analog scale (VAS), and the Foot Function index (FFI).
RESULTS: Sixty-one MTP I fusions (n = 28 young, n = 33 old) in 46 patients were included in our study at an average of 14 years after surgery. Younger patients experienced significantly more pain relief as reflected by changes in VAS and FFI Pain subscale scores. No difference in functional outcomes was found with change in the FFI function subscale or in the ability to have desired functional outcomes using the ratio of TAS to VTAS. Revision rate did not differ between the two groups apart from hardware removal, which was significantly more likely in the younger group.
CONCLUSION: In patients below the age of 50 years with end-stage DJD of the first metatarsal joint, MTP I arthrodesis not only yielded highly satisfactory postoperative results at least equal outcome compared to an older cohort of patients aged >60 years at an average 14 years' follow-up. Based on these findings, we consider first metatarsal joint fusion even for young patients is a valid option to treat end-stage hallux rigidus.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, a case-control study.
Six SSc received oral placebo 10 mg/kg and had flow mediated dilatation measured. After a five day washout they crossed over to oral BH4 10 mg/kg and had flow mediated dilatation measured. Blood samples were obtained from these SSc patients and assessed for oxidative stress.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic and complex autoimmune disease that is marked by an inflammatory response, synovial hyperplasia, vascularisation, fascial formation, cartilage and bone destruction, which can lead to joint deformity and even loss of function, ultimately affecting a person's health and quality of life. Although the pathogenesis of RA is unclear, growing evidence suggests that inflammation-associated cells infiltrate joints, causing tissue damage, inflammation and pain. This disruption in the balance between host tolerance and immune homeostasis the progression of RA. Existing drug therapy and surgical treatments for RA are unable to completely cure the disease or reverse its accelerated progression. Therefore, the design and development of an appropriate and effective drug delivery system will substantially improve the therapeutic effect. In this review, by describing the inflammatory microenvironment of rheumatoid arthritis and the associated inflammatory cells, the progress of targeting strategies and applications of nanotechnology in the disease is summarised, which will be helpful in providing new ideas for the subsequent treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
The present invention discloses a method and a system for automatically interpreting cardiac function through deep learning models. In the method, an area of a heart to be marked can be calculated, and an outer contour of the heart can be obtained. The outer contour is divided into multiple segments. A maximum area is calculated from a diastolic heart, and a minimum area is calculated from a systolic heart from the continuous cardiac images. Accordingly, a union-set image and an intersection-set image of the maximum area and the minimum area can be obtained. Afterwards, the union-set image is used to subtract the intersection-set image, and the subtraction is referred to for automatically interpreting abnormal contractions in multiple areas of the heart while introducing an abnormal interpreting model.
Four group sessions delivered at the participants' primary health care centers once a week for 3 weeks and again after a 4-week pause. The first session will last for 2 hours and the other sessions for 1 hour.
BACKGROUND: The risk-benefit relationship of immunosuppressive therapies (ISTs) for elderly patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is not well established. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of IST in elderly patients with NMOSD.
METHODS: This retrospective study analysed IST efficacy and safety in 101 patients with aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD aged over 65 years, treated for at least 6 months at five Korean referral centres, focusing on relapse rates, infection events and discontinuation due to adverse outcomes.
RESULTS: The mean age at disease onset was 59.8 years, and female-to-male ratio was 4:1. Concomitant comorbidities at NMOSD diagnosis were found in 87 patients (86%). The median Expanded Disability Status Scale score at the initiation of IST was 3.5. The administered ISTs included azathioprine (n=61, 60%), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (n=48, 48%) and rituximab (n=41, 41%). Over a median of 5.8 years of IST, 58% of patients were relapse-free. The median annualised relapse rate decreased from 0.76 to 0 (p<0.001), and 81% experienced improved or stabilised disability. Patients treated with rituximab had a higher relapse-free rate than those treated with azathioprine or MMF (p=0.022). During IST, 21 patients experienced 25 severe infection events (SIEs) over the age of 65 years, and 3 died from pneumonia. 14 patients (14%) experienced 17 adverse events that led to switching or discontinuation of IST. When comparing the incidence rates of SIEs and adverse events, no differences were observed among patients receiving azathioprine, MMF and rituximab.
CONCLUSION: In elderly patients with NMOSD, IST offers potential benefits in reducing relapse rates alongside a tolerable risk of adverse events.
Normal saline is administered 3ml/kg intravenously every other day for 2 weeks, starting with the first dose within 72 hours after birth. Similarly, the placebo dose consisted of 3mL of normal saline per kilogram birth weight was administered intravenously during a period of 5 minutes.
NEW MATERIAL:The compound of formulaI[R1 is H or CH3; R2 is CH2, benzene, etc.,; R2' is CH2, benzene, etc.; R3 is group of formula II (n is O or 1); Y is group of formula III; l is same as n]. USE:A raw material for crosslinking agent of polymer. The polymer derived from the compound is coloreless transparent liquid at normal temperature and pressure having water repellency, and is soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, ether, chloroform, etc., and insoluble in water. It has high boiling point, i.e. it is necessary to heat at >=100 deg.C under the vacuum 2-3mm.Hg for the evaporation of the compound. The compound is useful as a dental filler. PROCESS:The compund of formulaIcan be prepared by reacting the perfluorocarboxylic acid halide of formula CF3CF2COX (X is halogen) or formula IV with the unsaturated carboxylic acid ester of formula V preferably in an organic solvent at -78-+100 deg.C.
OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate the efficacy of pentosan polysulfate in patients with gastrointestinal tract sequelae after radiotherapy to the abdomen and pelvis. II. Determine the toxic effects of this drug in these patients. III. Determine the effect of this drug on symptoms and quality of life of these patients.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized study. Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. Arm I: Patients receive oral pentosan polysulfate three times a day for 2-6 months. Arm II: Patients receive oral placebo three times a day for 2-6 months. Both arms: Patients may receive retreatment for two months if symptoms return and last for at least 2 weeks. Quality of life is assessed before treatment, and at each follow up visit. Patients are followed every 2 months for 6 months, then every 3 months for 18 months, then annually for 3 years.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 174 patients will be accrued for this study within 3 years.
All subjects will receive standard-of-care intralesional injection with triamcinolone using an Injection Assistance Device (i.e., for self-administered intralesional injections) at Visit 1 (Day 1). Subjects will then submit photos via secure photographic app for asynchronous follow up on Day 2 (24-hours post-injection), Day 3 (48-hours post-injection), Day 4 (72-hours post-injection), Day 7, and Day 14.
A method of forming a cosmetic product by back injection molding is disclosed. The method includes providing a pan having at least one removable wall therein. Each removable wall forms at least two compartments in the pan, with each compartment having apertures therein. The method also includes injecting a first liquid cosmetic through a first of the apertures; injecting a second liquid cosmetic through a second of the apertures, in which the first and second liquid cosmetics may be the same or different; setting the first and second liquid cosmetics without compaction; and removing the at least one removable wall. The present invention also includes pans having breakaway or removable spacer walls, and pans having frame-like structures with open bottom panels. The present invention further includes methods and devices for setting and forming the surfaces of the resulting cosmetics.
Ovarian cancer is characterized by early metastatic spread. This study demonstrates that carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stromal cells (CA-MSCs) enhance metastasis by increasing tumor cell heterogeneity through mitochondrial donation. CA-MSC mitochondrial donation preferentially occurs in ovarian cancer cells with low levels of mitochondria ("mito poor"). CA-MSC mitochondrial donation rescues the phenotype of mito poor cells, restoring their proliferative capacity, resistance to chemotherapy, and cellular respiration. Receipt of CA-MSC-derived mitochondria induces tumor cell transcriptional changes leading to the secretion of ANGPTL3, which enhances the proliferation of tumor cells without CA-MSC mitochondria, thus amplifying the impact of mitochondrial transfer. Donated CA-MSC mitochondrial DNA persisted in recipient tumor cells for at least 14 days. CA-MSC mitochondrial donation occurs in vivo, enhancing tumor cell heterogeneity and decreasing mouse survival. Collectively, this work identifies CA-MSC mitochondrial transfer as a critical mediator of ovarian cancer cell survival, heterogeneity, and metastasis and presents a unique therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
Participants in this group will attend an Intervention Orientation session to receive the Coach Lumen tutorial, a study iPad, and a Lumen Intervention Workbook. They will complete 8 PST sessions with Coach Lumen using their study assigned iPad at home over 12 weeks. The first 4 sessions occur weekly and then the last 4 occur every other week. Participants will receive automated reminders on the day before and on the day of their scheduled session, and have the opportunity to reschedule sessions through the iPad. Participants will work with Coach Lumen to learn problem-solving skills to address current life challenges, plan activities, and complete home activities. Participants will also complete surveys before and after each PST session: a mood assessment survey before and a user experience survey after. At the end of study, Participants may be invited to provide their perspective regarding their Lumen use experience.
When the decision is made that an infant needs a lumbar puncture for clinical indications, parental consent will be obtained for the actual procedure and a separate consent for participation in this study will be attached. Randomization for this study will be via permuted block randomization. The expected 122 patients will be pre-randomized, with the arm for each patient number 1 through 122 sealed in an envelope. After consent is obtained the patient will be assigned the next numerical study identification number and the corresponding envelope will be opened. If the infant has been randomized to the topical liposomal lidocaine group, 1 gram of LMX-4 will be placed over the L3-L4 space immediately, covered with a cotton ball and occlusive tegaderm, for minimum 30 minutes prior to the needle insertion during the lumbar puncture (LP). While the LMX-4 is in place, other procedures that are part of a routine septic work-up may be performed. Thus, the application of this medication should not cause an unnecessary delay in the ultimate procedure or antibiotic administration.

If the infant has been randomized to the subcutaneous lidocaine group, after using sterile procedure to prepare the area, 0.1ml/kg of 1% Lidocaine will be injected using a 25 gauge tuberculin needle over the L3-L4 region. The injection point will be below the actual level desired with the needle going in at a 5-10 degree angle and moving toward the head after insertion. A subcutaneous wheal will form over the desired L3-L4 space when the Lidocaine is injected. The provider will wait at minimum 2 minutes after the injection of the Lidocaine prior to the insertion of the LP needle. Once the required time for local anesthesia in either arm has elapsed, the procedure will be performed with routine technique.

With consent for the video portion of the study, a video camera will be set up to tape the infants face only during the procedure with notation of the LP needle insertion(s). During the procedure, an assistant will record heart rate and oxygen saturation values. The information from the video and documented vital signs will be used to assign a PIPP score by a blinded investigator. Once the procedure is complete the following information will be obtained for study purposes, in addition to the above video tape and vital signs: infant gestational age, infant birth weight, gender, day of life of procedure, level of provider(s) performing the procedure, attempts required to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen, color of fluid (clear, pink, xanthochromic, or grossly bloody), presence of CSF culture, and Red Blood Cell count of CSF specimen. Infants in our institution will already be monitored continuously and will continue to be so for at minimum 6 hours after the procedure. Any adverse reaction that could be attributed to the procedure or medications used for the procedure will be recorded, with the most expected reaction to be a skin rash. Additional changes in the infant, such as apnea, sustained arrhythmia, oxygen desaturation 10% below baseline, or seizure will also be noted whether or not it is thought to be associated with the procedure.
Following intravenous infusion, verteporfin exhibits a bi-exponential elimination with a terminal elimination half-life of approximately 5-6 hours. The extent of exposure and the maximal plasma concentration are proportional to the dose between 6 and 20 mg/m2. At the intended dose, pharmacokinetic parameters are not significantly affected by gender.

Verteporfin is metabolized to a small extent to its diacid metabolite by liver and plasma esterases. NADPH-dependent liver enzyme systems (including the cytochrome P450 isozymes) do not appear to play a role in the metabolism of verteporfin. Elimination is by the fecal route, with less than 0.01% of the dose recovered in urine.

In a study of patients with mild hepatic insufficiency (defined as having two abnormal hepatic function tests at enrollment), AUC and Cmax were not significantly different from the control group; half-life, however, was significantly increased by approximately 20%.