anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Gastroparesis is a disorder of delayed gastric emptying with associated symptoms of postprandial fullness, early satiety, nausea, vomiting, bloating, and abdominal pain. Functional dyspepsia is an upper gastrointestinal disorder of gut-brain interaction that presents with similar symptoms but is defined according to symptom patterns rather than gastric motor dysfunction. Although delayed gastric emptying is a defining feature of gastroparesis, other aspects of gastric neuromuscular dysfunction, such as gastric accommodation and visceral hypersensitivity might contribute to symptoms. Similarly, although functional dyspepsia is not defined by impaired gastric emptying, disordered gastric motility might underlie pathogenesis in some patients with functional dyspepsia. In the last decade, it has been increasingly recognised that these two disorders might represent varying presentations along a common continuum of neuromuscular dysfunction, although with differentiating features with respect to outcomes, diagnosis, and treatments. In this Review, an overview of gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia from the perspective of gastric motility is provided, discussing what is distinct and what is shared between these disorders.
OBJECTIVE: During the last decade, the management of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) has been addressed by several distinct international evidence-based guidelines. In this review, we aimed to synthesise these guidelines and provide clinicians with a global perspective of the current recommendations for managing patients with GIM, as well as highlight evidence gaps that need to be addressed with future research.
DESIGN: We conducted a systematic review of the literature for guidelines and consensus statements published between January 2010 and February 2023 that address the diagnosis and management of GIM.
RESULTS: From 426 manuscripts identified, 16 guidelines were assessed. There was consistency across guidelines regarding the purpose of endoscopic surveillance of GIM, which is to identify prevalent neoplastic lesions and stage gastric preneoplastic conditions. The guidelines also agreed that only patients with high-risk GIM phenotypes (eg, corpus-extended GIM, OLGIM stages III/IV, incomplete GIM subtype), persistent refractory Helicobacter pylori infection or first-degree family history of gastric cancer should undergo regular-interval endoscopic surveillance. In contrast, low-risk phenotypes, which comprise most patients with GIM, do not require surveillance. Not all guidelines are aligned on histological staging systems. If surveillance is indicated, most guidelines recommend a 3-year interval, but there is some variability. All guidelines recommend H. pylori eradication as the only non-endoscopic intervention for gastric cancer prevention, while some offer additional recommendations regarding lifestyle modifications. While most guidelines allude to the importance of high-quality endoscopy for endoscopic surveillance, few detail important metrics apart from stating that a systematic gastric biopsy protocol should be followed. Notably, most guidelines comment on the role of endoscopy for gastric cancer screening and detection of gastric precancerous conditions, but with high heterogeneity, limited guidance regarding implementation, and lack of robust evidence.
CONCLUSION: Despite heterogeneous populations and practices, international guidelines are generally aligned on the importance of GIM as a precancerous condition and the need for a risk-stratified approach to endoscopic surveillance, as well as H. pylori eradication when present. There is room for harmonisation of guidelines regarding (1) which populations merit index endoscopic screening for gastric cancer and GIM detection/staging; (2) objective metrics for high-quality endoscopy; (3) consensus on the need for histological staging and (4) non-endoscopic interventions for gastric cancer prevention apart from H. pylori eradication alone. Robust studies, ideally in the form of randomised trials, are needed to bridge the ample evidence gaps that exist.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been helpful in identifying genetic variants predicting cancer risk and providing new insights into cancer biology. Increasing use of genetically informed care, as well as genetically informed prevention and treatment strategies, have also drawn attention to some of the inherent limitations of cancer genetic data. Specifically, genetic endowment is lifelong. However, those recruited into cancer studies tend to be middle-aged or older people, meaning the exposure most likely starts before recruitment, as opposed to exposure and recruitment aligning, as in a trial or a target trial. Studies in survivors can be biased as a result of depletion of the susceptibles, here specifically due to genetic vulnerability and the cancer of interest or a competing risk. In addition, including prevalent cases in a case-control study will make the genetics of survival with cancer look harmful (Neyman bias). Here, we describe ways of designing GWAS to maximize explanatory power and predictive utility, by reducing selection bias due to only recruiting survivors and reducing Neyman bias due to including prevalent cases alongside using other techniques, such as selection diagrams, age-stratification, and Mendelian randomization, to facilitate GWAS interpretability and utility.
Acute Treatment of Manic or Mixed Episodes:

Monotherapy in Adults: The recommended starting and treatment dose of SAPHRIS is 5 mg to 10 mg twice daily. The safety of doses above 10 mg twice daily has not been evaluated in clinical trials [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]. 

Monotherapy in Pediatric Patients: The recommended dose of SAPHRIS is 2.5 mg to 10 mg twice daily in pediatric patients 10 to 17 years of age, and dose may be adjusted for individual response and tolerability. The starting dose of SAPHRIS is 2.5 mg twice daily. After 3 days, the dose can be increased to 5 mg twice daily, and from 5 mg to 10 mg twice daily after 3 additional days. Pediatric patients aged 10 to 17 years appear to be more sensitive to dystonia with initial dosing with SAPHRIS when the recommended escalation schedule is not followed [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)]. The safety of doses greater than 10 mg twice daily has not been evaluated in clinical trials [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Adjunctive Therapy in Adults: The recommended starting dose of SAPHRIS is 5 mg twice daily when administered as adjunctive therapy with either lithium or valproate. Depending on the clinical response and tolerability in the individual patient, the dose can be increased to 10 mg twice daily. The safety of doses above 10 mg twice daily as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate has not been evaluated in clinical trials.

For patients on SAPHRIS, whether used as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate, it is generally recommended that responding patients continue treatment beyond the acute episode.

Maintenance Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder:

Monotherapy in Adults: Continue on the SAPHRIS dose that the patient received during stabilization (5 mg to 10 mg twice daily). Depending on the clinical response and tolerability in the individual patient, a dose of 10 mg twice daily can be decreased to 5 mg twice daily. The safety of doses above 10 mg twice daily has not been evaluated in clinical trials [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].
Category B: Administration of 10-30 mg/kg of bromocriptine to 2 strains of rats on days 6 to 15 postcoitum (p.c.) as well as a single dose of 10 mg/kg on day 5 p.c. interfered with nidation. 

Three mg/kg given on days 6 to 15 were without effect on nidation, and did not produce any anomalies. In animals treated from day 8-15 p.c., i.e., after implantation, 30 mg/kg produced increased prenatal mortality in the form of increased incidence of embryonic resorption. One anomaly, aplasia of spinal vertebrae and ribs, was found in the group of 262 fetuses derived from the dams treated with 30 mg/kg bromocriptine. No fetotoxic effects were found in offspring of dams treated during the peri- or postnatal period.

Two studies were conducted in rabbits (2 strains) to determine the potential to interfere with nidation. Dose levels of 100 or 300 mg/kg/day from day 1 to day 6 p.c. did not adversely affect nidation. The high dose was approximately 63 times the maximum human dose administered in controlled clinical trials (100 mg/day), based on body surface area. In New Zealand white rabbits, some embryo mortality occurred at 300 mg/kg which was a reflection of overt maternal toxicity. Three studies were conducted in 2 strains of rabbits to determine the teratological potential of bromocriptine at dose levels of 3, 10, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg given from day 6 to day 18 p.c. In 2 studies with the Yellow-silver strain, cleft palate was found in 3 and 2 fetuses at maternally toxic doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, respectively. One control fetus also exhibited this anomaly. In the third study conducted with New Zealand white rabbits using an identical protocol, no cleft palates were produced.

No teratological or embryotoxic effects of bromocriptine were produced in any of 6 offspring from 6 monkeys at a dose level of 2 mg/kg.

Information concerning 1276 pregnancies in women taking bromocriptine mesylate has been collected. In the majority of cases, bromocriptine mesylate was discontinued within 8 weeks into pregnancy (mean 28.7 days), however, 8 patients received the drug continuously throughout pregnancy. The mean daily dose for all patients was 5.8 mg (range 1-40 mg).

Of these 1276 pregnancies, there were 1088 full-term deliveries (4 stillborn), 145 spontaneous abortions (11.4%), and 28 induced abortions (2.2%). Moreover, 12 extrauterine gravidities and 3 hydatidiform moles (twice in the same patient) caused early termination of pregnancy. These data compare favorably with the abortion rate (11%-25%) cited for pregnancies induced by clomiphene citrate, menopausal gonadotropin, and chorionic gonadotropin.

Although spontaneous abortions often go unreported, especially prior to 20 weeks of gestation, their frequency has been estimated to be 15%.

The incidence of birth defects in the population at large ranges from 2%-4.5%. The incidence in 1109 live births from patients receiving bromocriptine is 3.3%.

There is no suggestion that bromocriptine mesylate contributed to the type or incidence of birth defects in this group of infants.
The Coping with Depression (CWD) course is a highly structured, manualized psycho-educational group treatment for MDD. The course content is cognitive-behavioral in nature and is designed to train skills that can be used in the alleviation of depression. The skill modules focus on relaxation, cognitive skills, and behavioral activation. CWD will consist of an individual pre-group interview, 12 group therapy sessions over 12 weeks and a 1-month individual booster session to provide an identical treatment dose as the experimental condition.
A patient monitoring hub can communicate bidirectionally with external devices such as a board-in-cable or a dongle. Medical data can be communicated from the patient monitoring hub to the external devices to cause the external devices to initiate actions. For example, an external device can perform calculations based on data received from the patient monitoring hub, or take other actions (for example, creating a new patient profile, resetting baseline values for algorithms, calibrating algorithms, etc.). The external device can also communicate display characteristics associated with its data to the monitoring hub. The monitoring hub can calculate a set of options for combined layouts corresponding to different external devices or parameters. A display option may be selected for arranging a display screen estate on the monitoring hub.
OBJECTIVE: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the efficacy and safety of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) using particle embolic agents to treat cSDH.
METHODS: To retrieve articles investigating outcomes of patients following MMAE with particle agents and to compare their outcome with conventional treatment, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using relevant keywords. Original articles with more than 10 cases were included. The meta-analysis was carried out using the R studio and the random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed using Peter's test and quality assessment using NIH tools.
RESULTS: Eleven studies with 359 patients were included. The analysis revealed a pooled recurrence rate of 5% (CI: 3-8%), a need for reoperation rate of 5% (3-9%), and a peri-procedural complication rate of 4% (CI:2-9%) following MMAE with particle embolic agents. The pooled rates of decrease in size or resolution of the hematoma were 85% (CI:66-94%) and 66% (39-86%), respectively. Comparing MMAE using particulate embolysate with conventional treatments, risk ratio (RR) of 0.10 (CI:0.04-0.27) was achieved for recurrence, 0.25(CI:0.13-0.49) for reoperation, and 0.34 (CI:0.16-0.27) for peri-procedural complications. 91% of cSDH cases responded to MMAE with particles in the way they showed either down-sizing or complete resolution of the hematoma on follow-up imaging. In comparison, this rate was found to be 63% following conventional treatment.
CONCLUSION: Middle meningeal artery embolization using particle embolysates is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of cSDH, whether as a standalone intervention or in combination with conventional treatments.
Cellular stress pathways that inhibit translation initiation lead to transient formation of cytoplasmic RNA/protein complexes known as stress granules. Many of the proteins found within stress granules and the dynamics of stress granule formation and dissolution are implicated in neurodegenerative disease. Whether stress granule formation is protective or harmful in neurodegenerative conditions is not known. To address this, we took advantage of the alphavirus protein nsP3, which selectively binds dimers of the central stress granule nucleator protein G3BP and markedly reduces stress granule formation without directly impacting the protein translational inhibitory pathways that trigger stress granule formation. In Drosophila and rodent neurons, reducing stress granule formation with nsP3 had modest impacts on lifespan even in the setting of serial stress pathway induction. In contrast, reducing stress granule formation in models of ataxia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia largely exacerbated disease phenotypes. These data support a model whereby stress granules mitigate, rather than promote, neurodegenerative cascades.
To provide RNAi agents, e.g., double-stranded RNAi agents, targeting the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome, and methods of using such RNAi agents to inhibit expression of one or more HBV genes as well as methods of treating subjects having an HBV infection and/or HBV-associated disorder, e.g., chronic hepatitis B infection.SOLUTION: There is provided a double-stranded RNAi agent for inhibiting expression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a cell. The double-stranded RNAi agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand forming a double- stranded region. The sense strand comprises a specific nucleotide sequence. Substantially all of the nucleotides of the sense strand and substantially all of the nucleotides of the antisense strand are modified nucleotides. The sense strand is conjugated to a ligand attached at the 3'-terminus. The ligand is one or more GalNAc derivatives attached through a bivalent or trivalent branched linker.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Establishment of sterile areas and cleaning of the skin around the knee with a povidone-iodine solution. This was followed by an intraarticular injection containing 40 mg of triamcinolone acetonide.
The invention discloses a functional tea capable of fat burning, weight reducing, cooling and blood pressure reducing, and a production method thereof. Main raw materials of the functional tea comprise hawthorn fruit, honeysuckle flower, chrysanthemum flower and green tea. The production method comprises the following steps: making raw material extracts, making tea, and packaging. The functional tea adopting pure traditional Chinese medicines has no side effects, and has substantial treatment effects. The production method adopts a traditional Chinese medicine extraction technology, makes effective components be merged into the green tea, and allows medicines to mutually cooperate, so the fat burning, weight reducing, cooling and blood pressure reducing effects are reached. The functional tea has the advantages of simple and reasonable compatibility, use convenience, and suitableness for being safely used by people of all ages.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer could make unresectable breast cancer be resectable and improve breast conservation rate. Patients with triple negative or Her2 enriched subtype who achieved pCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy would have better survival. But the overall pCR rate of breast cancer was about 20%. And patients with luminal like subtype were less reactive for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Improving pCR rate maybe could achieve better survival. So, different methods have tried to improve pCR rate.Drug sensitivity screening in vitro for different chemotherapy drugs was a promising method for improving pCR rate. But there was no method could select effective drugs accurately until now. This study will explore whether drug screening by culturing breast cancer cells in vitro from breast cancer tissue could improve pCR rate compared with neoadjuvant chemotherapy depend on physician's choice. 200 breast cancer patients who were candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy will be allocated to two group. One group with 100 patients will receive neoadjuvant cheotherapy according physician's choices. Another group with 100 patients will receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy according results of drug sensitivity results by in vitro cell culture. pCR rate will be compared between two groups to explore whether drug sensitivity screening could improve pCR rate.
Subjects are asked to return to the hospital \~12 hours after placement. Subjects are to return to the hospital if they develop heavy vaginal bleeding, decreased fetal movement, rupture of membranes, or increasingly painful or frequent contractions requiring an epidural or pain relief. Once admitted, subjects will be evaluated for expulsion of the catheter. If the catheter is in place IV Pitocin will be started. If the catheter has been expulsed, the induction will proceed as deemed clinically appropriate. After 24 hours, if the Foley catheter is still in the cervix it will be removed and the induction will proceed as deemed clinically appropriate.
Distribution

Organ selectivity is a direct result of particle size. At 10 micrometer and below, the albumin aggregates are taken up by the reticuloendothelial system. Above 10 to 15 micrometer, the aggregates become lodged in the lung capillaries by a purely mechanical process. Distribution of aggregated albumin in the lungs is a function of regional pulmonary blood flow.

The albumin aggregated is sufficiently fragile for the capillary micro-occlusion to be temporary. Erosion and fragmentation reduce the particle size, allowing passage of the aggregates through the pulmonary alveolar capillary bed. The fragments then accumulate in the reticuloendothelial system.

Elimination

Elimination of the technetium Tc 99m albumin aggregated particles from the normal and abnormal human lungs occurs with a biological half-life of 10.8 hours (range 6.9 to 19 hours, n=5).
This intervention includes mapping and redesign of office flow to facilitate adherence to AAP ADHD guidelines as well as didactic sessions related to diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. Didactics emphasize the importance of obtaining parent and teacher behavioral ratings (e.g. Vanderbilt ADHD Rating Scales) at the time of the initial assessment for ADHD and during follow-up after initiating medication treatment and making a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV) based ADHD diagnosis. Practices are given a web-based ADHD portal to assist them in creating a patient registry and to help in obtaining parent and teacher ratings scales. The intervention lasts for 6 months.
Two doses of the 9-valent HPV vaccine to be administered to the experimental group (15-26 years of age) at 0 and 6 months. Additional HPV vaccine dose will be offered after final blood draw at 12 months.
Described is a method and system for conducting a clinical trial. Medical data is obtained from a patient participating in the clinical trial. Then, the medical data and at least one identifier are transmitted, via a communications network, for storage at a remote server. The at least one identifier links the medical data to a record of the patient. Access to at least portions of the medical data is provided, via the communications network, to trial participants based on predefined clinical trial procedures. The remote server tracks accessing of the medical data by the trial participants and generation by the trial participants of work product responsive to the medical data.
The present invention relates to methods and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of cancer. Immunoreceptors play a crucial role in the regulation of immune homeostasis and inflammation. The inventors investigated how these receptors translate outside ligand interactions into opposite signals. The Src-family kinase Fyn was the crucial effector for inhibition of SHP-1, while Lyn/Lck were required for its activation downstream of Fc, B-cell and T-cell antigen receptors. The inventors demonstrated the distinct roles of antigen receptor-associated Src family kinases in regulating homeostatic and inflammatory conditions and thus offer means for modulating the immune system for promoting anti-cancer fighting. In particular, the present invention relates to a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a Lyn/Lck inhibitor.
INTRODUCTION: Biological medications have significantly improved the prognosis of psoriasis patients. All biological drugs (except infliximab) for psoriasis require subcutaneous (SC) administration. Adverse events of biologic drug treatment include injection site reactions. ISRs are a local phenomenon characterized by swelling, erythema, pruritus, and pain around the injection site.
AREAS COVERED: We conducted a review to analyze the differences between the ISRs of various biologics approved for psoriasis. Specifically, the review focused on anti-TNF-α, anti-IL12/23, anti-IL-17, and anti-IL-23 drugs.
EXPERT OPINION: Etanercept and adalimumab have reported ISR rates of 37% and 20%, respectively, with erythema, pruritus, pain, and irritation being the most common. Citrate free (CF) solution and thinner needles have reduced ISR associated with adalimumab. Ustekinumab showed a low risk of ISR. Regarding secukinumab and ixekizumab, pain was found to be the most common ISR. The introduction of CF ixekizumab formulation has shown promise in reducing ISRs associated with ixekizumab. The risk of ISR appears insignificant with bimekizumab, brodalumab, and anti-IL23 drugs, with ISR rates ranging from less than 1% to 7.1%. The choice of biologic agent should consider ISR risk. Education on injection techniques and the use of single-dose autoinjectors/pens can mitigate ISR risk.