anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The use of doxycycline as a sclerosing agent is well-established. Given the clinical efficacy of doxycycline sclerosant therapy, we embarked upon a study to evaluate the efficacy of small-volume liquified doxycycline particularly in thick skinned rhinoplasty patients to promote re-adhesion of the nasal skin-soft tissue envelope (SSTE) thereby minimizing surgical dead space and enhancing surface contour, to improve the eventual outcome of surgery.We present two clinical case series using rhinodesis. All patients were treated with the same rhinodesis protocol that included conventional splinting and taping. The first series consisted of 102 consecutive primary rhinoplasties with medium to thick nasal skin treated via open rhinoplasty. Doxycycline solution at a concentration of 20 mg/mL was applied beneath the skin flap using a 14-gauge angiocath inserted through small gaps in the marginal suture line following closure, retained for 2 to 3 minutes, and then expressed from the dead space. Firm manual compression of the SSTE was maintained for at least 1 additional minute, and the splint was then applied. The second series consisted of 25 thick-skinned primary rhinoplasties that were also treated with open rhinoplasty using the same rhinodesis protocol. However, the second group was evaluated with serial postoperative ultrasonography to characterize the soft-tissue response to rhinodesis, particularly within the tip and supra-tip regions.Results revealed enhanced skin adherence in nearly all patients when compared to traditional taping and splinting alone. Ultrasonic examination demonstrated enhanced adherence of the subcutaneous tissue to the nasal framework and suggests that rhinodesis is effective at minimizing dead space in majority of thick-skinned rhinoplasty patients. No complications were observed. Doxycycline can be used easily and safely to seal the surgical dead space post-rhinoplasty and minimize degradation of nasal contour with excellent outcome.
This is an interventional study which proposes to evaluate the accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosing abdominal solid organ injuries in pediatric trauma patients. Up to 130 subjects will be enrolled across approximately 5 to 10 sites in the US. Each site, including the coordinating center, will undergo the training phase; each site will enroll 3 participants in this phase successfully prior to entering the treatment phase. All subjects will have had a Computerized Tomography (CT) scan as part of standard of care, confirming at least one solid organ abdominal injury. All subjects will have an abdominal ultrasound without contrast, followed by a contrast-enhanced ultrasound using the contrast agent Lumason. Ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound results will be compared to the CT scan results. The study procedures will take place within 48 hours of injury. At conclusion of enrollment of all subjects a centralized review of CT vs. CEUS will occur to compare to real-time readings.
In the active group, one of the co-investigators will install and demonstrate the use of the mobile app (Rehab App) on participants' mobile phone and explain the use of the software. The participants will be followed up for the duration of their enrolment in the e-health and tele-rehabilitation service, which can last up to 2 months and the treatment will be monitored.
The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its pathogenesis associated with gut microbiota. A prospective cohort study was conducted to recruit 3820 participants aged 45 years and above who attended health checkups at the checkup center of Linyi City People's Hospital, Shandong Province. A follow-up survey was conducted identifying whether the participant had T2DM as an exposure factor group. Socio-demographic characteristics, blood, urine, and stool samples, lifestyle surveys, dietary status, and neuropsychological tests were collected at baseline and follow-up, exploring the association between clinical characteristics and gut microbiota and the risk for the development of T2DM with MCI. Therefore, it is important to explore the factors affecting T2DM with MCI and screen for intervening factors, further elucidate its pathogenesis, and search for specific biological markers of early cognitive impairment in T2DM. This is socially and economically important for screening individuals susceptible to T2DM with MCI so that measures can be taken for early intervention and early treatment to improve the quality of life of patients while reducing medical costs.
Microbiology: Methenamine hippurate has antibacterial activity because the methenamine component is hydrolyzed to formaldehyde in acid urine. Hippuric acid, the other component, has some antibacterial activity and also acts to keep the urine acid. The drug is generally active against E. coli, enterococci and staphylococci. Enterobacter aerogenes is generally resistant. The urine must be kept sufficiently acid for urea-splitting organisms such as Proteus and Pseudomonas to be inhibited. 

Susceptibility Testing   
For specific information regarding susceptibility test interpretive criteria and associated test methods and quality control standards recognized by FDA for this drug, please see: https://www.fda.gov/STIC. 

Human Pharmacology: Within 1/2 hour after ingestion of a single 1-gram dose of methenamine hippurate, antibacterial activity is demonstrable in the urine. Urine has continuous antibacterial activity when methenamine hippurate is administered at the recommended dosage schedule of 1 gram twice daily. Over 90% of methenamine moiety is excreted in the urine within 24 hours after administration of a single 1-gram dose. Similarly, the hippurate moiety is rapidly absorbed and excreted, and it reaches the urine by both tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. This action may be important in older patients or in those with some degree of renal impairment.
Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who receive tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been known to achieve treatment-free remission (TFR) upon discontinuing treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon remain incompletely understood. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of TFR in CML patients, focusing on the feedback interaction between leukemia stem cells and the bone marrow microenvironment. We have developed a mathematical model to explore the interplay between leukemia stem cells and the bone marrow microenvironment, allowing for the simulation of CML progression dynamics. Our proposed model reveals a dichotomous response following TKI discontinuation, with two distinct patient groups emerging: one prone to early molecular relapse and the other capable of achieving long-term TFR after treatment cessation. This finding aligns with clinical observations and underscores the essential role of feedback interaction between leukemic cells and the tumor microenvironment in sustaining TFR. Notably, we have shown that the ratio of leukemia cells in peripheral blood (PBLC) and the tumor microenvironment (TME) index can be a valuable predictive tool for identifying patients likely to achieve TFR after discontinuing treatment. This study provides fresh insights into the mechanism of TFR in CML patients and underscores the significance of microenvironmental control in achieving TFR.
During the mid-follicular phase of a female participant's menstrual cycle, participants will complete a lab session where alcohol is administered intravenously. The infusion will include a 30-minute linear ascension from 0mg% breath alcohol content (BrAC) to 100mg%, followed by a 60-minute 'clamping' of BrAC at 100mg%. Subjects will then be monitored while they sleep, using polysomnography. Male subjects will complete this and the placebo session at intervals that are matched to the female subjects. The placebo and alcohol sessions during mid-follicular luteal phase will take place 1-2 days apart, and their order will be randomized.
The study is an open label, dose finding trial in patients with AIH who have an elevated ALT levels. Patients will be administered a starting dose of sPIF 1mg/kg (n=10/cohort) for 14 days assessing safety, tolerability and clinical response based on the effect on ALT levels until day 84. This will be followed by enrolling (n=10) patients administering 2mg/kg sPIF for 14 days assessing safety, tolerability and clinical response based on the effect on ALT levels until day 84. This be followed by an interim analysis that will determine clinical efficacy by comparing the 1mg and 2mg dose results; testing the decrease in mean ALT percent and determining the number of patients in remission defined as normalized ALT level. The successful cohort will enroll additional patients to enable power analysis. If no significant improvement is observed in the two cohorts, N=10 patients will be enrolled and administered 3mg/kg sPIF for 14 days assessing safety and tolerability. If no significant improvement is noted and safety and tolerability is maintained additional 10 patients will be enrolled at 4mg/kg. Following the same analysis, the maximal dose to be administered will be 5mg/kg.
Patients who are referred to either the clinic of Dr. Joseph Dort or Dr. Wayne Matthews and are deemed to benefit from a modified radical neck dissection alone or as part of treatment for head and neck cancer will be given an opportunity to be a subject in this study. Once informed consent for both the surgery and the study is obtained, the lead author will be contacted and randomization will occur using a computer generated block-randomization allocation. The neck dissection will be carried out in the operating room using either electrocautery (control group) or harmonic scalpel (experimental group). The primary outcomes, blood loss (mLs) and operative time (minutes) will be assessed at the time of surgery. The blood loss in milliliters will be calculated using suction canister output, weight of sponges and irrigation used. The operative time in minutes will be calculated between the beginning of the actual neck dissection to the completion of the neck dissection defined as the removal of the surgical specimen and hemostasis of the surgical field. Intraoperative complications, namely vascular, nerve damage and lymphatic damage will be assessed at the time of surgery. Post-operative complications, both early and late will be assessed after the surgery using the Clavien post-operative complication scale. In addition, the length of time that operative drains are left in the neck will be measured with all drains being removed when their 24 hour drain output is less than 20 mls. Patients will then be followed up 2 weeks after their hospital discharge in the surgeon's clinic or the Tom Baker Cancer Centre.
BACKGROUND: Acute ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with approximately 7.4% to 7.7% recurrence within the first 3 months. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for predicting stroke recurrence.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a nested case-control study using a hospital-based cohort from the Third China National Stroke Registry selecting 214 age- and sex-matched patients with ischemic stroke with hypertension and no history of diabetes or heart disease. Using data-independent acquisition for discovery and multiple reaction monitoring for quantitative validation, we identified 26 differentially expressed proteins in large-artery atherosclerosis (Causative Classification of Ischemic Stroke [CCS]1), 16 in small-artery occlusion (CCS3), and 25 in undetermined causes (CCS5) among patients with recurrent stroke. In the CCS1 and CCS3 subgroups, differentially expressed proteins were associated with platelet aggregation, neuronal death/cerebroprotection, and immune response, whereas differentially expressed proteins in the CCS5 subgroup were linked to altered metabolic functions. Validated recurrence predictors included proteins associated with neutrophil activity and vascular inflammation (TAGLN2 [transgelin 2], ITGAM [integrin subunit α M]/TAGLN2 ratio, ITGAM/MYL9 [myosin light chain 9] ratio, TAGLN2/RSU1 [Ras suppressor protein 1] ratio) in the CCS3 subgroup and proteins associated with endothelial plasticity and blood-brain barrier integrity (ITGAM/MYL9 ratio and COL1A2 [collagen type I α 2 chain]/MYL9 ratio) in the CCS3 and CCS5 subgroups, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide a foundation for developing a blood-based biomarker panel, using causative classifications, which may be used in routine clinical practice to predict stroke recurrence.
Clinical Presentation

Acute emergencies from BUPIVACAINE SPINAL are generally related to hypoventilation (and perhaps apnea) secondary to upward extension of spinal anesthesia or high plasma levels encountered during therapeutic use [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3), Adverse Reactions (6)]. Hypotension is commonly encountered during the conduct of spinal anesthesia due to loss of sympathetic tone, and sometimes, contributory mechanical obstruction of venous return due to the gravid uterus exerting pressure on the great vessels [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Adverse Reactions (6)].

If not treated immediately, convulsions with simultaneous hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis plus myocardial depression from the direct effects of the local anesthetic may result in cardiac arrhythmias, bradycardia, asystole, ventricular fibrillation, or cardiac arrest. Respiratory abnormalities, including apnea, may occur. Hypoventilation or apnea due to a high or total spinal may produce these same signs and also lead to cardiac arrest if ventilatory support is not instituted. If cardiac arrest should occur, successful outcome may require prolonged resuscitative efforts.

Management

The first step in the management of systemic toxic reactions, as well as hypoventilation or apnea due to a high or total spinal, consists of immediate attention to the establishment and maintenance of a patent airway and effective assisted or controlled ventilation with 100% oxygen with a delivery system capable of permitting immediate positive airway pressure by mask. Endotracheal intubation, using drugs and techniques familiar to the clinician, may be indicated after initial administration of oxygen by mask if difficulty is encountered in the maintenance of a patent airway, or if prolonged ventilatory support (assisted or controlled) is indicated.

If necessary, use drugs to manage the convulsions. A bolus intravenous dose of benzodiazepine will counteract the CNS stimulation related to BUPIVACAINE SPINAL. Immediately after the institution of ventilatory measures, evaluate the adequacy of the circulation. Supportive treatment of circulatory depression may require Advanced Cardiac Life Support measures.

Hypotension due to sympathetic relaxation may be managed by giving intravenous fluids (such as isotonic saline or lactated Ringer’s solution), in an attempt to relieve mechanical obstruction of venous return, or by using vasopressor agents (such as ephedrine which increases myocardial contractility) and, if indicated, by giving plasma expanders or blood products.
Cpds of formula (I): (where R = an opt substd. opt. satd. aliphatic residue) are prepd. by condensing esters of cyanoacetic acid with p-nitroso-N,N-bis-(beta-chloromethyl)-aniline in the presence of a basic catalyst pref. KOH, K2CO3 or piperidine, using the same alcohol to prepare the acetic ester as a solvent. Alternatively a hydroxyl-free solvent such as DMF, or an alcohol with which slow re-esterification takes place during reaction, and the product of which can be separated easily may be used.
BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is characterized by metabolic dysregulation and unique immunological profiles. Nevertheless, the comprehensive understanding of immune and metabolic dysregulation of pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the causal relationship of circulating immune cells and pancreatic cancer and identify the blood metabolites as potential mediators.
METHODS: The exposure and outcome genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data used in the present study were obtained from the GWAS open-access database (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk). The study used 731 circulating immune cell features, 1400 types of blood metabolites and pancreatic cancer from GWAS. We then performed bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore the causal relationships between the circulating immune cells and pancreatic cancer, and two-step MR to discover potential mediating blood metabolites in this process. All statistical analyses were performed in R software. The STROBE-MR (i.e. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology using Mendelian Randomization) checklist for the reporting of MR studies was also used.
RESULTS: MR analysis identified seven types of circulating immune cells causally associated with pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, there was no strong evidence that genetically predicted pancreatic cancer had an effect on these seven types of circulating immune cells. Further two-step MR analysis found 10 types of blood metabolites were causally associated with pancreatic cancer and the associations between circulating CD39+CD8+ T cells and pancreatic cancer were mediated by blood orotates with proportions of 5.18% (p = 0.016).
CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence supporting the causal relationships between various circulating immune cells, especially CD39+CD8+ T cells, and pancreatic cancer, with a potential effect mediated by blood orotates. Further research is needed on additional risk factors as potential mediators and establish a comprehensive immunity-metabolism network in pancreatic cancer.
This is an open label, randomized, multiple dose, 3-way crossover, multicenter, inpatient and outpatient study to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of arformoterol tartrate inhalation solution and Foradil® in male and female subjects with mild to moderate COPD. Up to 36 subjects (with a minimum 40% of each gender) were to be randomized to ensure that at minimum 24 subjects completed the study. The study included 3 dose periods and 3 washout periods. Subjects received 3 different treatments in random order for 13 consecutive days and a single dose on the morning of the 14th day. Subjects will be randomly assigned to 1 of the 6 possible treatment sequences. During each dose period, subjects received medication via nebulization or DPI twice daily for 13 consecutive days and a single dose on the morning of the 14th day. There was be a 10 day washout period between each treatment. Subject participation was be approximately 13 weeks and included a screening visit and 7 study visits. This study was previously posted by Sepracor Inc. In October 2009, Sepracor Inc. was acquired by Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma., and in October 2010, Sepracor Inc's name was changed to Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.
A long-acting formulation of cefaclor, comprising a mixture of a non-enteric coating component of cefaclor to serve as a rapid-release component with an enteric coated component of cefaclor to serve as a slow-release component at a ratio of about 4:6 respectively based on potency of cefaclor wherein said non-enteric coated component contains at least one additive selected from lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, corn starch, wheat starch and low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose in an amount of up to 75% weight based on the whole - non-enteric coated component and said enteric coated component contains at least one additive selected from lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, corn starch, wheat starch and low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose in an amount of up to 75% weight based on the whole enteric-coated component, and an enteric-coating which is a film soluble in the pH range 5.0 to 7.0. - (24pp) EPAB- EP-129382 B A long-acting formulation of cefaclor, comprising a mixture of a non-enteric coating component of cefaclor to serve as a rapid-release component with an enteric coated component of cefaclor to serve as a slow-release component at a ratio of about 4:6 respectively based on potency of cefaclor wherein said non-enteric coated component contains at least one additive selected from lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, corn starch, wheat starch and low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose in an amount of up to 75% weight based on the whole non-enteric coated component and said enteric coated component contains at least one additive selected from lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, corn starch, wheat starch and low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose in an amount of up to 75% weight based on the whole enteric-coated component, and an enteric-coating which is a film soluble in the pH range 5.0 to 7.0. (24pp) GBAB- GB2141342 B A long-acting formulation of cefaclor which comprises both a rapid-release cefaclor component which dissolves rapidly in the stomach and a slow-release cefaclor component which is insoluble in the acid medium of the stomach but rapidly released in the upper portion of the small intestine at pH 5-7 in a ratio of 3:7 to 5:5 based upon cefaclor potency, the former component being formulated to give a maximum blood level of cefaclor rapidly and the latter within a period of 3 to 7 hours after administration. USAB- US4713247 A Pharmaceutical compsn. comprises 3-chloro-7-D- (2-phenylglycylamino) -3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid monohydrate, "Ceflaclor", as the active component, dispersed with binder and coated with a slow release agent mixed with a similar compsn. coated with a rapidrelease agent, so that the ratio of slow release compsn. to fast release compsn is about 6:4. Carbohydrates e.g. lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, corn or wheat starch, hydroxypropyl-cellulose or their mixts are carriers (up to 75 wt%), but the slow release component has an enteric coating film (pref. a copolymer of Me methacrylate and methacrylic acid) which dissolves at pH 5-7.
Patient in this group will receive treatment through mirror therapy. Patient will sit in such a way that the mirror will be placed in perpendicular direction on a table. Sound limb will place in front of mirror and affected limb will place behind the mirror. Patient will receive visual feedback from sound limb. This group will receive MT for about 4 weeks, 3 days per week, 2 hours session per day.
For 4 weeks participants will be encouraged to adopt the Mediterranean dietary guidelines as recommended by the Mediterranean Diet Foundation in Barcelona, Spain. In combination with these guidelines, an intermittent fasting regime involving two days of the week will be implemented. The regime will encourage individuals to consume of 500kcal per day for women and 625kcal per day for men, resulting in 75% daily caloric restriction during each of these two days.
The prospective multicenter observational cohort study will be offered consecutively to any patient with primary or secondary myelofibrosis or with Polycythemia Vera who has initiated therapy with ruxolitinib, prescribed as part of the normal course of care and completely independent of study participation. Laboratory tests and histologic, cytogenetic, molecular, and radiologic investigations performed by the patient and collected for study will be conducted in accordance with clinical practice, independent of the patient's participation in the study. In particular, data related to systemic symptoms and splenomegaly will be collected at diagnosis and disease reassessments performed in the context of normal clinical practice. These data will be collected at the first administration of the ARMS questionnaire and again after 12, 24, and 48 weeks. If performed, any additional assessments will also be recorded. Each individual patient will be administered the questionnaire (ARMS) at the first convenient opportunity, regardless of the time of initiation of ruxolitinib, and again after 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 weeks, in conjunction with drug procurement. If in-person data collection is not possible, the mode of data collection by telephone interview will be adopted. The minimum expected duration of individual patient observation is 48 weeks.