anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Intragastric administration of the bitter tastants denatonium benzoate (DB) or quinine hydrochloride (QHCl) decreases orexigenic hormone levels, and reduces hunger sensations. Contradictory, in vitro studies on human gastric and duodenal tissue showed that DB exposure increased motilin and octanoylated ghrelin levels. DB stimulated somatostatin (SST) release, which is an inhibiting paracrine hormone. We hypothesized that the reduction in hunger ratings and hormone levels is stronger after intragastric compared to intraduodenal administration, and that these differences are mediated by differential SST release. Fourteen healthy female volunteers participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. After an overnight fast, DB (1 µmol/kg), QHCl (10 µmol/kg) or placebo were given intragastric or intraduodenal via a feeding tube. Blood samples were taken at regular time points to obtain the hormonal release. Hunger was rated at the same points on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS). Ad libitum milkshake intake was assessed at the end of the experiment and taste was scored on a VAS.
We present a case of a patient with a 10-year history of blue-black macules and patches on the face and an associated history of skin-lightening cream usage. The skin lightening cream contained hydroquinone, which is often associated with exogenous ochronosis (EO). Interestingly, the biopsy did not show characteristic findings of ochronosis, confusing the final diagnosis, however discontinuing the skin-lightening creams halted the progression of the patient's skin lesions supporting a diagnosis of EO. EO presents as asymptomatic hyperpigmentation after using products containing hydroquinone. This condition is most common in Black populations, likely due to the increased use of skin care products and bleaching cream containing hydroquinone in these populations. Topical hydroquinone is FDA-approved to treat melasma, chloasma, freckles, senile lentigines, and hyperpigmentation and is available by prescription only in the US and Canada. However, with the increased use of skin-lightening creams in certain populations, it is important for dermatologists to accurately recognize the clinical features of exogenous ochronosis to differentiate it from similar dermatoses. An earlier diagnosis can prevent the progression to severe presentations with papules and nodules. We summarize the clinical presentations diagnostic features, and treatment pearls, concluding with a discussion of the differential diagnoses.  J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(7):567-568.     doi:10.36849/JDD.8248.
Patients receive valemetostat PO QD on days 1-21 and ipilimumab IV over 90 minutes on day 1 of cycles 1 and 3. Cycles repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Apparatus suitable for use in the prevention and treatment of burn induced compartment syndrome facilitates the rapid and efficient deployment of enzymatic compositions to the affected limb or limbs of a burn victim suffering from a circumferential burn. The apparatus includes a flexible, water-impermeable generally cylindrical covering layer. The covering layer has an inner surface facing the limb and an outer surface. The covering layer has a proximal sealable open end through which the burned limb is inserted and a distal closed end. An enzymatic escharotomy agent is contained within the covering layer. The covering layer retains the enzymatic escharotomy agent in close proximity to the burned limb, and the apparatus is enclosed within a sterile sealed package evacuated from moisture. In use, the burned limb is enclosed within the apparatus, and the enzymatic escharotomy agent is activated in situ by contacting the agent with hydrating fluid, thereby inducing enzymatic escharotomy of the circumferential burn.
Group A - CLDF Hepatology Centers of Educational Expertise (HCEE) are hepatologists experienced in educating health professionals about current developments in the management of chronic liver disease and with clinical trial experience using an HCV protease inhibitor. HCEE investigators provided patient education and management skills training during four (4) educational interventions to Community Site investigators.
PURPOSE: A composition for treating acne skin using onion pericarp extract is provided to suppress growth of Propionibacterium acnes and to treat acne. CONSTITUTION: A composition with an effect of suppressing acne contains onion pericarp extract. The onion pericarp extract is a methanol extract. The methanol extract is obtained by repeatedly refluxing pulverized onion pericarp with 80% of methanol and decompressing to concentrate the extract. The onion pericarp extract is a hexane fraction and butanol fraction. A method for producing the fraction of the onion pericarp extract comprises: a step of obtaining hexane fraction of the onion pericarp extract using hexane; a step of fractioning the remainings with ethyl acetate(EtOAc) to obtain an ethyl acetate fraction; and a step of fractioning the remainings with butanol to obtain butanol fraction.
The invention relates to a medicine for detoxicating, expelling wind, supporting cilia and eliminating furuncle, in particular to a medicine for treating infection by the obstruction of lacrimal gland. The invention provides a medicine for treating the infection by the obstruction of lacrimal gland, which can detoxicating, expelling wind, supporting cilia and eliminating furuncle; the medicine for treating the infection by the obstruction of lacrimal gland comprises rhizoma coptidis, radix bupleuri, cortex fraxini, balloonflower root, white eel powder, verdigris, rhizoma cimicifugae, Bi Bo, caulis allii fislulosum and lobster sauce. The rhizoma coptidis and the radix bupleuri are 30 grams respectively; the cortex fraxini, the balloonflower root and the white eel powder are 15 grams respectively; the verdigris is 3 grams; the rhizoma cimicifugae is 15 grams; and the Bi Bo, the caulis allii fislulosum and the lobster sauce are in proper amount respectively. In the medicines, the rhizoma coptis and the cortex fraxini are decocted by water; the residues are removed; and the decoction is taken after meals. The other medicines are ground into powders; 1.5 grams of the powders are used each time; the powders are dissolved to form a boiling soup; and the soup is used to wash eyes through fingers. After the medicine is used, the medicine can clear away heat, improve eyesight, detoxicate, expel wind, support cilia and eliminate furuncle and has special effect on treating the obstruction of lacrimal gland.
All sulfonylureas, including glimepiride, can cause severe hypoglycemia [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. The patient's ability to concentrate and react may be impaired as a result of hypoglycemia. These impairments may present a risk in situations where these abilities are especially important, such as driving or operating other machinery. Severe hypoglycemia can lead to unconsciousness or convulsions and may result in temporary or permanent impairment of brain function or death. 

Patients must be educated to recognize and manage hypoglycemia. Use caution when initiating and increasing glimepiride doses in patients who may be predisposed to hypoglycemia (e.g., the elderly, patients with renal impairment, patients on other anti- diabetic medications). Debilitated or malnourished patients, and those with adrenal, pituitary, or hepatic impairment are particularly susceptible to the hypoglycemic action of glucose-lowering medications. Hypoglycemia is also more likely to occur when caloric intake is deficient, after severe or prolonged exercise, or when alcohol is ingested.

Early warning symptoms of hypoglycemia may be different or less pronounced in patients with autonomic neuropathy, the elderly, and in patients who are taking beta-adrenergic blocking medications or other sympatholytic agents. These situations may result in severe hypoglycemia before the patient is aware of the hypoglycemia.
SNRIs have been associated with reports of increase in heart rate.

In clinical trials, relative to placebo, Savella treatment was associated with mean increases in pulse rate of approximately 7 to 8 beats per minute [see Adverse Reactions (6.2,6.3)].

Increases in pulse ≥ 20 bpm occurred more frequently in Savella-treated patients when compared to placebo: 0.3% in the placebo arm versus 8% in the Savella 100 mg/day and 8% in the 200 mg/day treatment arms. The effect of Savella on heart rate did not appear to increase with increasing dose.

Savella has not been systematically evaluated in patients with a cardiac rhythm disorder.

Heart rate should be measured prior to initiating treatment and periodically measured throughout Savella treatment. Pre-existing tachyarrhythmias and other cardiac disease should be treated before starting therapy with Savella. For patients who experience a sustained increase in heart rate while receiving Savella, either dose reduction or discontinuation should be considered.
To improve dosing convenience of the current formulation of galantamine, a new once daily dosing Extended Release (ER) formulation was developed. In a different large study, in which approximately 900 patients with Alzheimer's disease participated, efficacy of the Extended Release formulation was confirmed. During the first 8 weeks of treatment, nausea and vomiting occurred less frequently with the Extended Release than Intermittent Release formulation. This suggests that patients might better tolerate a rapid dose escalation to the initial maintenance dose of 16mg daily, thereby improving the risk/benefit ratio during the first 4 weeks of therapy, i.e. receiving more drug sooner. The trial objectives are: 1) to demonstrate the safety and tolerability of galantamine Extended Release 16 mg daily when titrated from 8 mg daily after one week; 2) to evaluate the effect of galantamine Extended Release on cognition as measured by the Mini Mental State Examination. Results from prior trials show that galantamine Intermittent Release (twice a day dosing) has a high rate of adverse events when dose escalations occur at one-week intervals. Therefore, current galantamine labelling recommends that the drug dose be escalated once every 4 weeks. The study hypotheis is that the rapid dose escalation of the Extended Release formulation in subjects with Alzheimer's disease is safe and well tolerated. Comparison of adverse event rates will be made to the first 8 weeks Reminyl Extended Release group of another trial in which the Extended Release formulation was titrated from 8 mg daily to 16 mg daily at 4 weeks. Subjects will receive galantamine Extended Release capsules by mouth starting at 8 mg daily and after one week will be titrated up to 16 mg daily. This dose will be maintained for 11 additional weeks.

8 mg of Galantamine Extended Release Capsules once daily for one week. After one week will be titrated up to 16 mg daily for 11 weeks.
The present invention relates to a method of producing Spirulina sp. Algae by using a minimal medium including NaHCO_3, K_2HPO_4, MgSO_4·7H_2O and NaNO_3; a minimal medium for producing Spirulina sp. Algae, which includes NaHCO_3, K_2HPO_4, MgSO_4·7H_2O and NaNO_3; Spirulina sp. Algae produced by the method; and a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a liver disease, a food composition for improving a liver function, a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing type 1 diabetes, and food and feed compositions for ameliorating type 1 diabetes which comprise the Spirulina sp. Algae. According to the present invention, the method of producing Spirulina sp. Algae can economically produce Spirulina sp. Algae by enabling ingredients included in the medium to be minimized, and the Spirulina sp. Algae produced by the method can be widely utilized in economic production of Spirulina sp. Algae exhibiting pharmaceutically improved activity by exhibiting various pharmacological activities including amelioration of diabetic symptoms, prevention of liver functional damages, treatment of liver damages, etc.
A subject (n-of-1) clinically diagnosed with Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS), by Rush University Neurologists, volunteered and provided written informed consent to participate in this study conducted by Rush University Medical Center's department of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition. The RRMS subject underwent a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) administered outside the United States, at Taymount Clinic in the Bahamas, for the treatment of their MS. Being one of the investigators' patients, the subject volunteered to donate their stool samples to the Rush University Medical Center Gastrointestinal (GI) tissue repository for microbiota interrogation at the following time points: before FMT (baseline), 3, 13, 26, 39, 52 weeks (1 year) after FMT, to determine the impact on their microbiota composition and sustainability of the change. The subject also agreed to donate their blood during the above stated time points to see if FMT affected markers of bacteria translocation and systemic inflammation. The subject also agreed to have their GI symptoms, diet, sleep, and MS related symptoms (rating scales or questionnaires), MRI (brain \& spine), as well as their gait metric activity objectively assessed to see if the FMT affects these symptoms and whether any observed improvement is sustained, in this proof-of-concept study. Based on this research, the investigators hypothesize that the FMT will significantly altered the overall microbial community structure to promote the growth of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing beneficial bacteria, which in turn could potentially improve the MS subject's health outcomes, neurological symptoms, and walking metrics over time. More clinical trials (larger sample size) will be needed to study the potential of FMT for the treatment of MS and to examine the long term effects. FMT is an emerging treatment approach for MS. The donor selection, the separation of fecal bacteria, the frequency of FMT, the way of infusion, the long-term safety, and efficacy are still uncertain and need to be examined.
All consecutive patients with a confirmed cardiogenic shock presenting at the internal intensive care Unit (ICU) at the University of Mannheim are included in the register and followed up during ICU stay and after that. Data of patients' admission status, cause of cardiogenic shock, baseline parameters and comorbidities are collected. Extensive information about echocardiography, electrocardiography and imaging procedures are included in the register. Laboratory values, microbiological investigations, organ dysfunction and organ replacement therapies, medication, adverse events, and complications were recorded for several days during the ICU stay (days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 8). Standard scores for critically ill patients were calculated for the day of admission at the ICU if available, and several time points during the ICU stay. The register includes information about the mortality during ICU stay, 30-day mortality, 6-month mortality and 1-year mortality.
PURPOSE:To treat many liquids to be examined in a short period and to make possible the exact and quick calculation of the concn. of the specific material in the liquid to be examined with high sensitivity by constituting a titled device of an analysis instrument and an electronic control means for controlling overall the operation of said instrument. CONSTITUTION:The prescribed setting is executed and when the analysis is started, the liquid to be examined is dispersed from a probe 31 of an automatic syringe 3 to the 1st line of a probe 2. A desired reagent is then dispensed by an automatic syringe 4 to the 1st line; at the same time, the liquid to be examined for the 2nd line is dispensed by the syringe 3 and a latex reagent is dispensed to the 1st line by an automatic syringe 5 and the liquid to be examined to the 3rd line by the syringe 3 respectively synchronously. The latex reagent is similarly dispensed to the 2nd line, the reagent except said reagent to the 3rd line and the liquid to be examined to the 4th line the latex reaction is completed in the wells of the 1st line from the dispensing of the latex reagent by a shaker 63. The reactive liquid is injected by a probe 71 of a measuring sample injector 7 and the sample is transferred to a detector 8.
INTRODUCTION: There remains an unmet need to reduce kidney and cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This report is therefore intended to provide real-world clinical guidance to primary care providers on sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor use in patients with CKD, focusing on practical considerations. Initially developed as glucose-lowering drugs, SGLT2 inhibitors preserve kidney function and reduce risks of cardiovascular events and mortality. Clinical benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in CKD have been demonstrated in multiple clinical trials, yet utilization in practice remains relatively low, likely due to the complexity of labeled indications (past and present) and misconceptions about SGLT2 inhibitors as a class.
METHODS: A panel of 8 US-based nephrologists convened in August 2022 to develop consensus guidance for the primary care community surrounding risk assessment as well as initiation and implementation of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with CKD. Here, we provide an adapted version of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) heatmap and a treatment-decision algorithm.
CONCLUSIONS: We advocate SGLT2 inhibitors as co-first-line therapy with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, where RAAS inhibitor dose titration need not be completed before initiation of an SGLT2 inhibitor. In fact, SGLT2 inhibitor therapy may facilitate up-titration or maintenance of optimal RAAS inhibitor dosing. We describe potential strategies to aid implementation of an SGLT2 inhibitor in clinical practice, including improving education and awareness among care providers and patients and dispelling misconceptions about the safety of SGLT2 inhibitors. In summary, we support the use of SGLT2 inhibitors with RAAS inhibitors as co-first-line therapy in most patients with CKD.
The ICT supported HAP group will receive information or counseling through mobile phone App as the schedule intervention time. For this group, patients will receive two face to face interventions in the first two sections (pre-discharge from hospital and 5th week post-op). It will be delivered by research nurse to intervene patients and help them to build up the App system. Research nurse will also help patients to be familiar with the operation system. The rest parts of the intervention will all through Apps in the scheduled time. Patients can raise their questions and concerns through APPs. Patients in the HAP can raise their concerns or questions through APP and receive interventions or answers through App interactively.
PURPOSE: To describe and analyze major local complications after intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) with low-energy x‑rays during breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in early breast cancer.
METHODS: Ten women out of 408 who were treated with IORT between 2002 and 2017 and subsequently developed a severe local complication requiring surgical intervention were retrospectively identified and analyzed. Demographic, clinical, and surgical parameters as well as complication characteristics and treatment methods were evaluated.
RESULTS: At initial presentation, eight patients (80%) showed redness, six (60%) seroma, six (60%) wound infection, six (60%) suture dehiscence, and four (40%) induration of the former surgical area. Hematoma and necrosis were observed in one case (10%) each. Time interval until appearance of the first symptoms ranged from directly postoperative until 15 years postoperatively (median 3.1 months). Initial treatment modalities comprised antibiotic therapy (n = 8/80%) and transcutaneous aspiration of seroma (n = 3/30%). In the majority of patients, smaller surgical interventions (excision of a necrotic area/fistula [n = 6/60%] or secondary suture [n = 5/50%]) were sufficient to overcome the complication, yet larger interventions such as complex flap surgery and mastectomy were necessary in one patient each.
CONCLUSION: IORT is an efficient and safe treatment method as < 2.5% of all IORT patients experienced major local complications. However, it seems to pose the risk of causing severe local complications that may require lengthy and burdensome treatment. Thorough preoperative counseling, implementation of recommended intraoperative precautions, and high vigilance for first symptoms of complications during follow-up appointments are necessary measures.
Immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterised by elevated serum IgG4, IgG4+ cell infiltration, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. While IgG4-RD can affect various organs, gastrointestinal tract involvement is less common. Here, we report a 70-year-old female with IgG4-RD complicated with diffuse and chronic gastrointestinal inflammation, which led to small intestinal perforation. She had been suffering from anorexia, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhoea and hospitalised due to recurrent ileus. Consequently, she was referred due to small intestinal perforation required for surgical intervention. Pathology revealed acute and chronic inflammation with massive IgG4+ plasmacyte infiltration into mucosa of the small intestine and ischaemic change secondarily caused by chronic inflammation. Random biopsies from the mucosa of stomach, duodenum, ileum, and colon also revealed diffuse and massive IgG4+ plasmacyte infiltration in stomach, duodenum, small intestine, and colon. She was diagnosed with IgG4-RD based on the pathological findings and elevated serum IgG4 levels. Glucocorticoid rapidly ameliorated the symptoms. IgG4-RD may cause gastrointestinal manifestations, and histopathological assessment should be considered, even in the absence of specific characteristics of IgG4-RD.
Transcranial Near Infrared Stimulation for Parkinson Disease participants who will attend a total of 6 treatment sessions over a two week period. During each session, stimulation via light emitting diode clusters will occur for a total of 60 minutes. Four light emitting diode (LED) clusters will be applied in 3 distinct configurations. There will be 20 minutes of stimulation at each of these 3 configurations. Each configuration will target 4 sites, for a total of 12 sites over the course of the 60 minute session. The power density used will be 500 milliwatts (mW) with a cumulative fluence (energy density) of 312 Joules/cm2 (26 J/cm2 applied at 12 sites). It is estimated that approximately 6 Joules/cm2 will reach the cortex with each daily treatment.
A new amino acid derivative, N?$g(a)-tert-butoxycarbonyl-N?$g(e)-(N-bromoacetyl-$g(b)-alanyl)-L-lysine (BBAL), has been synthesized as a reagent to be used in solid-phase peptide synthesis for introducing a side-chain bromoacetyl group at any desired position in a peptide sequence. The bromoacetyl group subsequently serves as a sulfhydryl-selective cross-linking function for the preparation of cyclic peptides, peptide conjugates and polymers. BBAL residues are stable to final HF deprotection/cleavage. BBAL peptides can be directly coupled to other molecules or surfaces which possess free sulfhydryl groups by forming stable thioether linkages. Peptides containing both BBAL and cysteine residues can be self-coupled to produce either cyclic molecules or linear peptide polymers. Such peptide derivatives are useful in preparing potential peptide immunogens, vaccines and therapeutics, and for substances such as peptides linked to polymers, plastics, enamels and ceramics.