anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: Despite modern advancements in the treatment of late stages of wrist joint degeneration, few reliable options exist for patients requiring motion-preserving reconstruction of their radiocarpal and midcarpal joints. Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) could be considered an option for wrist reconstruction in the future. The goal of this study was to describe the relevant anatomy and design a potential surgical technique for wrist VCA.
METHODS: Anatomic studies were performed on 17 human upper extremities. The arterial system of each cadaver was injected with latex dye or radiographic contrast. After injecting a contrast medium visible on a computerized tomography (CT) scan, the initial three specimens were examined using microCT. This confirmed joint vascular patency and allowed for the dissection of the other specimens that were injected with latex for the study of joint vascularization and the design of the wrist VCA. We then outlined a donor and recipient surgical technique for transplant based on recipient CT scans. Customized cutting guides were designed for the transplant procedure. After the procedure, we performed angiography of the VCA to determine the vascularity of the transplant.
RESULTS: Using a combined volar and dorsal approach, we were able to perform a complete wrist VCA procedure. After the completed transplant procedure, angiographic imaging of the specimens demonstrated that the flap dissection and transplantation preserved the nutrient endosteal supply to the distal end of the radius and ulna, as well as to the carpal bones and the metacarpal bases.
CONCLUSIONS: The dissection of the donor, recipient, and the entire vascularized joint transplant procedure served to illustrate the anatomical feasibility of the cadaveric surgical technique. This establishes an anatomic basis for the possibility of future human clinical applications.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study helps investigate the anatomical feasibility of a wrist VCA.
The invention discloses a cosmetic composition for relieving senescence. The composition is prepared from the following components: rock rose extract, fructus evodiae extract, achillea millefolium extract, saussurea involucrata extract, bamboo leaf flavonoid, alpha-glucan, rhamnogalacturonan, glutamic acid, sweet almond oil, metallothionein, caffeine, pitaya enzyme, ursolic acid, fermiskin, vitamin E, lecithin, caprylyl/capryl polyethylene glycol glucoside, 1,2-propylene glycol, isopropyl myristate and deionized water. The cosmetic composition has the advantages of application safety, stability, attractive appearance, small skin irritation and no greasy feeling, and can quickly infiltrate skin to achieve the effect of relieving senescence since the effective ingredients are reasonably mixed and synergized jointly. The invention further discloses a method for preparing the cosmetic composition. The method has simple process steps, strong operability, no special requirement for equipment and low preparation cost. The product prepared by the method has good stability and attractive appearance.
Long COVID (LongC) is associated with a myriad of symptoms including cognitive impairment. We reported at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic that neuronal-enriched or L1CAM+ extracellular vesicles (nEVs) from people with LongC contained proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since that time, a subset of people with prior COVID infection continue to report neurological problems more than three months after infection. Blood markers to better characterize LongC are elusive. To further identify neuronal proteins associated with LongC, we maximized the number of nEVs isolated from plasma by developing a hybrid EV Microfluidic Affinity Purification (EV-MAP) technique. We isolated nEVs from people with LongC and neurological complaints, AD, and HIV infection with mild cognitive impairment. Using the OLINK platform that assesses 384 neurological proteins, we identified 11 significant proteins increased in LongC and 2 decreased (BST1, GGT1). Fourteen proteins were increased in AD and forty proteins associated with HIV cognitive impairment were elevated with one decreased (IVD). One common protein (BST1) was decreased in LongC and increased in HIV. Six proteins (MIF, ENO1, MESD, NUDT5, TNFSF14 and FYB1) were expressed in both LongC and AD and no proteins were common to HIV and AD. This study begins to identify differences and similarities in the neuronal response to LongC versus AD and HIV infection.
The current study employs BP1.3656, a novel investigational compound with a track record for safety and tolerability in phase I clinical trials. When administered to mice, BP1.3656 was associated with increased metabolism of histamine and elevated brain dopamine and acetylcholine, suggestive of utility in psychiatric disorders including Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD).

This study is a Phase II laboratory-based trial of BP1 .3656 for AUD. 40 non-treatment seeking participants with AUD will be recruited. Participants will be randomly assigned to intervention with BP1 .3656 or placebo in a within-subject, crossover design. During each intervention period, outcome measures relating to alcohol motivation and self-administration will be assessed in the laboratory. It is hypothesized that relative to placebo, alcohol self-administration will be decreased by BP1 .3656.
The pathophysiology of post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in cardiac surgery patients has not been fully elucidated, but inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with its occurrence. Increased activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and production of glutathione and nitrotyrosine have been found to occur in animal models of atrial fibrillation and patients who develop POAF. Similarly, malondialdehyde (MDA), a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, has also been shown to increase during cardiac surgery, and be significantly more elevated in patients who develop POAF. Cardiac surgery patients supplemented with ascorbic acid have reduced expression of NADPH oxidase and levels of MDA, glutathione and nitrotyrosine, and reduced POAF rates. Ascorbic acid supplementation has demonstrated a significant reduction in POAF in small clinical trials enrolling patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Collectively, these findings show that ascorbic acid prevents POAF in a novel way compared to recommended therapies such as beta-blockers and amiodarone, without the risk of significant side effects. However, the doses of ascorbic acid utilized in clinical trials have been found to inadequately suppress the production of inflammatory markers associated with POAF. Therefore, the maximum effect of ascorbic acid for POAF prevention may not have been realized in clinical trials published to date. These suboptimal responses may be attributable to known variances in medication pharmacokinetics in the cardiac surgery population that lead to reduced medication bioavailability, metabolism and elimination. The variation in ascorbic acid pharmacokinetics in this population is unknown. Thus, the contribution of the proposed research is expected to be determination of the pharmacokinetic profile of ascorbic acid and its concentration-response relationship with oxidative biomarkers associated with POAF in the cardiac surgery population.
BACKGROUND: Despite radiotherapy ability to significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, acquired resistance to radiotherapy poses a serious clinical challenge. Protein disulfide isomerase exists in endoplasmic reticulum and plays an important role in promoting protein folding and post-translational modification. However, little is known about the role of protein disulfide isomerase family member 4 (PDIA4) in TNBC, especially in the context of radiotherapy resistance.
METHODS: We detected the presence of PDIA4 in TNBC tissues and paracancerous tissues, then examined the proliferation and apoptosis of TNBC cells with/without radiotherapy. As part of the validation process, xenograft tumor mouse model was used. Mass spectrometry and western blot analysis were used to identify PDIA4-mediated molecular signaling pathway.
RESULTS: Based on paired clinical specimens of TNBC patients, we found that PDIA4 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. In vitro, PDIA4 knockdown not only increased apoptosis of tumor cells with/without radiotherapy, but also decreased the ability of proliferation. In contrast, overexpression of PDIA4 induced the opposite effects on apoptosis and proliferation. According to Co-IP/MS results, PDIA4 prevented Tax1 binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1) degradation by binding to TAX1BP1, which inhibited c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Moreover, PDIA4 knockdown suppressed tumor growth xenograft model in vivo, which was accompanied by an increase in apoptosis and promoted tumor growth inhibition after radiotherapy.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that PDIA4 is an oncoprotein that promotes TNBC progression, and targeted therapy may represent a new and effective anti-tumor strategy, especially for patients with radiotherapy resistance.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, ranking as the third most malignant. The incidence of CRC has been increasing with time, and it is reported that Westernized diet and lifestyle play a significant role in its higher incidence and rapid progression. The intake of high amounts of omega-6 (n - 6) PUFAs and low levels of omega-3 (n - 3) PUFAs has an important role in chronic inflammation and cancer progression, which could be associated with the increase in CRC prevalence. Oxylipins generated from PUFAs are bioactive lipid mediators and have various functions, especially in inflammation and proliferation. Carcinogenesis is often a consequence of chronic inflammation, and evidence has shown the particular involvement of n - 6 PUFA arachidonic acid-derived oxylipins in CRC, which is further described in this review. A deeper understanding of the role and metabolism of PUFAs by their modifying enzymes, their pathways, and the corresponding oxylipins may allow us to identify new approaches to employ oxylipin-associated immunomodulation to enhance immunotherapy in cancer. This paper summarizes oxylipins identified in the context of the initiation, development, and metastasis of CRC. We further explore CRC chemo-prevention strategies that involve oxylipins as potential therapeutics.
Stable chest pain is a common symptom with multiple potential causes. Non-invasive imaging has an important role in diagnosis and guiding management through the assessment of coronary stenoses, atherosclerotic plaque, myocardial ischaemia or infarction, and cardiac function. Computed tomography (CT) provides the anatomical evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) with the assessment of stenosis, plaque type and plaque burden, with additional functional information available from CT fractional flow reserve (FFR) or CT myocardial perfusion imaging. Stress magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear stress myocardial perfusion imaging, and stress echocardiography can assess myocardial ischaemia and other cardiac functional parameters. Coronary CT angiography can be used as a first-line test for many patients with stable chest pain, particularly those with low to intermediate pre-test probability. Functional testing may be considered for patients with known CAD, where the clinical significance is uncertain based on anatomical testing, or in patients with high pre-test probability. This practice recommendations document can be used to guide the selection of non-invasive imaging for patients with stable chest pain and provides brief recommendations on how to perform and report these diagnostic tests. KEY POINTS: The selection of non-invasive imaging tests for patients with stable chest pain should be based on symptoms, pre-test probability, and previous history. Coronary CT angiography can be used as a first-line test for many patients with stable chest pain, particularly those with low to intermediate pre-test probability. Functional testing can be considered for patients with known CAD, where the clinical significance of CAD is uncertain based on anatomical testing, or in patients with high pre-test probability. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS: Non-invasive imaging is an important part of the assessment of patients with stable chest pain. The selection of non-invasive imaging test should be based on symptoms, pre-test probability, and previous history. (Level of evidence: High). Coronary CT angiography can be used as a first line test for many patients with stable chest pain, particularly those with low to intermediate pre-test probability. CT provides information on stenoses, plaque type, plaque volume, and if required functional information with CT fractional flow reserve or CT perfusion. (Level of evidence: High). Functional testing can be considered for patients with known CAD, where the clinical significance of CAD is uncertain based on anatomical testing, or in patients with high pre-test probability. Stress MRI, SPECT, PET, and echocardiography can provide information on myocardial ischemia, along with cardiac functional and other information. (Level of evidence: Medium).
Patients enrolled in this group will be treated by hydration with 0.9% saline controlled by the RenalGuard system. On top of the 1.5-5.0 ml/kg/h that patients would have received over the previous hour (according to the non-invasive estimate LVEDP), an initial bolus of 250 ml will be administered. In case of LV ejection fraction ≤30% and/or LVEDP \>18 mm Hg the bolus will 150 mL. Therefore, furosemide (0.25 mg/kg) will be administered in order to achieve the optimal urine flow rate (≥300 mL/h). The controlled hydration by the RenalGuard system will be continued during the procedure and for 4 hours following the procedure. Urine flow rate is monitored and maintained at the target value through the procedure and during the following 4 hours. Additional furosemide doses are allowed in case of decrease of the urine flow rate below the target value.
BINOSTO (alendronate sodium) is a bisphosphonate that acts as a specific inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Bisphosphonates are synthetic analogs of pyrophosphate that bind to the hydroxyapatite found in bone.

Alendronate sodium is chemically described as (4 amino-1-hydroxybutylidene) bisphosphonic acid, monosodium salt, trihydrate. The molecular formula of alendronate sodium is C 4H 12NNaO 7P 2 • 3H 2O and its molecular weight is 325.12. The structural formula of alendronate sodium is 

Alendronate sodium is a white or almost white crystalline powder that is soluble in water, very slightly soluble in methanol, and practically insoluble in methylene chloride.

BINOSTO for oral administration is an effervescent tablet formulation that must be dissolved in water before use. Each individual tablet contains 91.37 mg of alendronate sodium, which is equivalent to 70 mg of free alendronic acid. Each tablet also contains the following inactive ingredients: monosodium citrate anhydrous, citric acid anhydrous, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and sodium carbonate anhydrous as buffering agents, strawberry flavor, acesulfame potassium, and sucralose.

Once the effervescent tablet is dissolved in water, the alendronate sodium is present in a citrate-buffered solution.
In a steady-state trial comparing 46 subjects with mild (n = 17; expansion of some portal areas; Ishak Score 1 to 2), moderate (n = 20; expansion of most portal areas with occasional portal-to-portal and portal-to-central bridging; Ishak Score 3 to 4) or severe (n = 9; marked bridging with occasional cirrhosis without decompensation indicating Child-Pugh A; Ishak Score 5 to 6) fibrosis as a measure of hepatic impairment, the multiple dose pharmacokinetic disposition of nevirapine and its five oxidative metabolites were not altered. However, approximately 15% of these subjects with hepatic fibrosis had nevirapine trough concentrations above 9,000 mcg/mL (2-fold the usual mean trough). Therefore, patients with hepatic impairment should be monitored carefully for evidence of drug-induced toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. The subjects studied were receiving antiretroviral therapy containing nevirapine 200 mg twice daily for at least 6 weeks prior to pharmacokinetic sampling, with a median duration of therapy of 3.4 years. 

In a pharmacokinetic trial where HIV-1 negative cirrhotic subjects with mild (Child-Pugh A; n = 6) or moderate (Child-Pugh B; n = 4) hepatic impairment received a single 200 mg dose of nevirapine, a significant increase in the AUC of nevirapine was observed in one subject with Child-Pugh B and ascites suggesting that patients with worsening hepatic function and ascites may be at risk of accumulating nevirapine in the systemic circulation. Because nevirapine induces its own metabolism with multiple dosing, this single-dose trial may not reflect the impact of hepatic impairment on multiple-dose pharmacokinetics. 

Do not administer nevirapine to patients with moderate or severe (Child-Pugh Class B or C, respectively) hepatic impairment [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.7)].
In a fertility study in rats, ribavirin showed a marginal reduction in sperm counts at the dose of 100 mg/kg/day with no effect on fertility. Upon cessation of treatment, total recovery occurred after 1 spermatogenesis cycle. Abnormalities in sperm were observed in studies in mice designed to evaluate the time course and reversibility of ribavirin-induced testicular degeneration at doses of 15 to 150 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.1 to 0.8 times the maximum recommended human 24-hour dose of ribavirin) administered for 3 to 6 months. Upon cessation of treatment, essentially total recovery from ribavirin-induced testicular toxicity was apparent within 1 or 2 spermatogenic cycles.

Female patients of childbearing potential and male patients with female partners of childbearing potential should not receive ribavirin tablets unless the patient and his/her partner are using effective contraception (two reliable forms). Based on a multiple dose half-life (t1/2) of ribavirin of 12 days, effective contraception must be utilized for 6 months posttherapy (i.e., 15 half-lives of clearance for ribavirin).

No reproductive toxicology studies have been performed using peginterferon alfa-2a in combination with ribavirin tablets. However, peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin when administered separately, each has adverse effects on reproduction. It should be assumed that the effects produced by either agent alone would also be caused by the combination of the two agents.
BACKGROUND: Surgical resection and liver transplantation (LT) are the most effective curative options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, few patients with huge HCC (> 10 cm in diameter), especially those with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), can receive these treatments. Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) can be used as a conversion therapy for them because it has the dual benefit of shrinking tumors and increasing residual hepatic volume. However, in patients with huge HCC, high lung absorbed dose often prevents them from receiving SIRT.
CASE SUMMARY: A 35-year-old man was admitted because of emaciation and pain in the hepatic region for about 1 month. The computed tomography scan showed a 20.2 cm × 19.8 cm tumor located in the right lobe-left medial lobes with right portal vein and right hepatic vein invasion. After the pathological type of HCC was confirmed by biopsy, two conversions were presented. The first one was drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and lenvatinib and sintilimab, converted to SIRT, and the second one was sequential SIRT with continued systemic treatment. The tumor size significantly decreased from 20.2 cm × 19.8 cm to 16.2 cm × 13.8 cm, then sequentially to 7.8 cm × 6.8 cm. In the meantime, the ratio of spared volume to total liver volume increased gradually from 34.4% to 55.7%, then to 62.9%. Furthermore, there was visualization of the portal vein, indicating regression of the tumor thrombus. Finally, owing to the new tumor in the left lateral lobe, the patient underwent LT instead of resection without major complications.
CONCLUSION: Patients with inoperable huge HCC with PVTT could be converted to SIRT first and accept surgery sequentially.
Group 2: 20 patients diagnosed with FM, who received a daily dose of 3 capsules (2 in the morning and 1 in the evening) of a placebo (maltodextrins) during 60 days. This intervention group served as a control.
The invention provides use of NTCP inhibitors in preventing and/or treating hepatocarcinogenesis. The hepatocarcinogenesis may induced by HBV and/or HDV infection (s), fatty liver disease or chemical (s). The hepatocarcinogenesis may happen in males. In some cases, the NTCP inhibitor down-regulates or inhibits the expression of NTCP. In other cases, the NTCP inhibitor regulates the function of NTCP, preferably, inhibits the function of NTCP or makes the NTCP dysfunction. Preferably, the NTCP inhibitor is cyclosporine A or comprising at least one compound with the structure of formula I or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
BACKGROUND: Infections due to Citrobacter species are increasingly observed in hospitalized patients and are often multidrug-resistant. Yet, the magnitude and burden of Citrobacter spp. resistance in the hospital setting have not been reported. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of Citrobacter spp. infections among hospitalized patients, their main resistance patterns and Citrobacter spp. involvement in hospital outbreaks.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature (PROSPERO registration Jan-2023, CRD42023390084). We searched Embase, Medline and grey literature for studies on hospitalized patients diagnosed with Citrobacter spp. infections, and nosocomial outbreaks due to Citrobacter spp. published during the years 2000-2022. We included observational, interventional, surveillance studies and outbreak reports. Outcomes of interest were the frequency of Citrobacter spp. infections among hospitalized patients and 3rd generation cephalosporin and/or carbapenem resistance percentages in these infections. We used random-effects models to generate pooled outcome estimates and evaluated risk of bias and quality of reporting of outbreaks.
RESULTS: We screened 1609 deduplicated publications, assessed 148 full-texts, and included 41 studies (15 observational, 13 surveillance and 13 outbreak studies). Citrobacter spp. urinary tract- and bloodstream infections were most frequently reported, with Citrobacter freundii being the main causative species. Hospital-acquired infection occurred in 85% (838/990) of hospitalized patients with Citrobacter infection. After 2010, an increasing number of patients with Citrobacter spp. infections was reported in observational studies. Pooled frequency estimates for Citrobacter spp. infections could not be generated due to lack of data. The pooled prevalence of ESBL and carbapenemase producers among Citrobacter isolates were 22% (95%CI 4-50%, 7 studies) and 18% (95%CI 0-63%, 4 studies), respectively. An increased frequency of reported Citrobacter outbreaks was observed after 2016, with an infection/colonization ratio of 1:3 and a case-fatality ratio of 7% (6/89 patients). Common outbreak sources were sinks, toilets, contaminated food and injection material. Implemented preventive measures included environmental cleaning, isolation of positive patients and reinforcement of hand hygiene. Only seven out of 13 outbreaks (54%) were definitively controlled.
CONCLUSION: This review highlights the clinical importance of endemic and epidemic Citrobacter spp. in healthcare settings. As an emerging, multidrug‑resistant nosocomial pathogen it requires heightened awareness and further dedicated surveillance efforts.