SARS-CoV-2 caused sequela is a pathological condition, and specific cells are damaged from a prior disease, injury, or attack. Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC) is caused by an infection of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 virus. The virus or virus-triggered disorder immunity attacks target tissue(s) and organ(s). No matter name of the virus and the cells, tissue(s), or organ(s), they all belong to the category of antigen and cause an immune response; this can induce inflammation or not depending on the immune system tolerance . While older patients may have an increased risk of developing severe disease or sequelae, young survivors have also reported symptoms months after acute infection of SARS-CoV-2, reported by the British Lung Foundation. Some infected people, referred to as long-haulers, experience a long period of symptoms. Characterization of the etiology and pathophysiology of late sequelae is underway and may reflect organ damage from the acute infection phase; manifestations of a persistent hyperinflammatory state even perform as autoimmune diseases. Rheumatic disease can also occur during the infection of COVID. Ongoing viral activity indicates an inadequate antibody response. Factors in addition to acute illness that may further complicate the picture include physical deconditioning at baseline or after a long disease course, pre-COVID-19 comorbidities, and psychological sequelae following a long or difficult disease course relating to lifestyle changes due to the pandemic. Likely, the persistent sequelae of COVID-19 represent multiple syndromes resulting from distinct pathophysiological processes along the spectrum of disease. So far, no specific medicine has been identified for treating the COVID-19 virus and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2. Due to the difficulty treating either SARS-CoV-2 or its caused sequelae, there is a very pessimistic suggestion: People must live with COVID-19 forever. Most people who contract coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection recover entirely within a few weeks. However, the long-haulers continue to experience symptoms after their initial recovery. This condition has been called post-COVID-19 syndrome or "long COVID-19." Older people and people with many severe medical conditions are the most likely to experience lingering COVID-19 symptoms, but even young, otherwise healthy people can feel unwell for weeks to months after infection. The most common signs and symptoms that linger over time include fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, joint pain, and chest pain. Other long-term signs and symptoms may include muscle pain or headache, fast or pounding heartbeat, loss of smell or taste, memory and concentration or sleep problems, and rash or hair loss, the Mayo Clinic reported.

Virus infections have been long associated with autoimmune diseases, whether multiple sclerosis, diabetes, or myocarditis. Three potential mechanisms for virus-induced autoimmune disease or virus-induced immunopathology are molecular mimicry, bystander activation, and persistent virus infection.

Those prolonged symptoms are consistent with the internal physical pathological process. That can be the virus infection continuing, or the infection triggered an immune reaction in one or more physical locations when a person became infected with the COVID-19 virus.

Here is the critical point: when the structure of cells is destroyed, the result is the affected cell's function will be lost. Does the etiology directly destroy the antigen, or the virus trigger the disorder immunity to destroy the antigen? The results are the same: the antigen is under inflammation. Returning the damaged cells (antigen) to normal or close to normal states is the key to saving lives.

This raises questions concerning how can we protect those cells from becoming damaged and how can we return injured cells to their normal function? Regardless of whether the cell has been damaged directly by the virus infection, or another reason like disordered immunity, my clinical research will show how to solve those medical problems.