anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Amphetamines have been extensively abused. Tolerance, extreme psychological dependence, and severe social disability have occurred. There are reports of patients who have increased the dosage to levels many times higher than recommended. Abrupt cessation following prolonged high-dosage administration results in extreme fatigue and mental depression; changes are also noted on the sleep EEG. Manifestations of chronic intoxication with amphetamines may include severe dermatoses, marked insomnia, irritability, hyperactivity, and personality changes. The most severe manifestation of chronic intoxication is psychosis, often clinically indistinguishable from schizophrenia.

Human Studies

In a human abuse liability study, when equivalent oral doses of 100 mg lisdexamfetamine dimesylate and 40 mg immediate-release d-amphetamine sulfate were administered to individuals with a history of drug abuse, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate 100 mg produced subjective responses on a scale of "Drug Liking Effects" (primary endpoint) that were significantly less than d-amphetamine immediate-release 40 mg. However, oral administration of 150 mg lisdexamfetamine dimesylate produced increases in positive subjective responses on this scale that were statistically indistinguishable from the positive subjective responses produced by 40 mg of oral immediate-release d-amphetamine and 200 mg of diethylpropion (C-IV).1

Intravenous administration of 50 mg lisdexamfetamine dimesylate to individuals with a history of drug abuse produced positive subjective responses on scales measuring "Drug Liking", "Euphoria", "Amphetamine Effects", and "Benzedrine Effects" that were greater than placebo but less than those produced by an equivalent dose (20 mg) of intravenous d-amphetamine. 

Animal Studies

In animal studies, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate produced behavioral effects qualitatively similar to those of the CNS stimulant d-amphetamine. In monkeys trained to self-administer cocaine, intravenous lisdexamfetamine dimesylate maintained self-administration at a rate that was statistically less than that for cocaine, but greater than that of placebo.
The major causes of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy are diabetic macular edema (DME) characterized by thickening of the macula due to abnormal leakage of the retinal vasculature. Ischaemic changes and microvascular pathologies have long been hypothesized to play a role in the development of DME. In diabetic retinopathy, ischaemia stimulates the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which can lead to the breakdown of blood-retinal barriers, and may cause DME through an increase in retinal vessel permeability. DME is best evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) while retinal ischemia is determined by Fluorescein angiography. With the avaiability of ultra wide field fluorescein angiography, the investigators can now accurately measure the degree of ischemia in peripheral retina. Thus, this study will provide us data on the degree of retinal ischemia in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) cases as well as the measurable change that occurs in retinal ischemia after intra vitreal injection of bevacizumab.
The NTK Optimal Keratoplasty System/Procedure is indicated for the temporary improvement of distance uncorrected visual acuity (in patient eyes that have manifest refraction, spherical equivalent equal to +1.0 to +2.5 Diopters, with less than or equal to 0.75 Diopters of refractive astigmatism (minus cylinder format) and with uncorrected distance visual acuity less than 20/40 but greater than or equal to 20/80. Patients must be at least 40 years of age with a documented stability of refraction for the prior 12 months, as demonstrated by a change of less than or equal to 0.5 Diopters in MRSE. The magnitude of D-UCVA improvement by Opti-K treatment may diminish over time, caused by some regression of effect in addition to natural progressive loss of accommodation and, for most patients, progressive hyperopic shift with increasing age.
Patients receive oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours on day 1. Patients also receive fluorouracil IV continuously over 46 hours beginning on day 1. Treatment repeats every 2 weeks for 12 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive heart and lung disease that is caused by irreversible pulmonary vascular remodeling. Sinomenine hydrochloride is an alkaloid that is extracted from sinomenium acutum, which has strong anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, male rats were injected with monocrotaline, and endothelial cells were exposed to hypoxia for 24 hours to induce pulmonary arterial hypertension. Apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress pathways were observed the in lungs and cells. Sinomenine hydrochloride repressed the increased right ventricular systolic pressure and attenuated the right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary artery remodeling in model rats. It reversed the expression of BCL2 and BAX and prevented the apoptosis of endothelial cells. Additionally, it increased the contents of IKBα and NRF2. P65, P-P65, TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 levels in the lungs decreased by it. Malondialdehyde contents decreased, and the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity and HO-1 level increased in the treatment group. In vivo, it promoted apoptosis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Moreover, by activating PPAR-γ, sinomenine hydrochloride attains the above effects. These data suggested that sinomenine hydrochloride could protect endothelial cells, restrain inflammation and oxidative stress, and enhance pulmonary vascular remodeling.
After completion of the TOF repair and rewarming to normothermia, all the patients will be assessed by TEE for adequacy of repair and separated from the cardiopulmonary bypass using vasopressors and inotropes. The choice of vasoactive and inotropic agents will be as per the requirement to maintain stable hemodynamics of the patients. Post bypass sevoflurane 1% end tidal concentration (0.5 MAC) will be used in all the patients. RV pressure and gradients across RVOT will be measured directly by placing a 23 gauge needle into the RV and pulmonary artery, and also by TEE using Bernoulli's equation by placing continuous Doppler across tricuspid regurgitation jet and RVOT, as is being routinely done for patients undergoing TOF repair. In addition, velocity time integral (VTI) across left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) will also be recorded along with other hemodynamic parameters such as HR, SBP, DBP, MAP and SpO2. Subsequently, these measurements will be repeated again after increasing the sevoflurane to 2% end tidal concentration (1 MAC) and allowing the patients to stabilise on this new concentration for 5 minutes while maintaining systemic pressure within a range of 5% of the previous value. Normocarbia (EtCO2 30-35 mmHg) will be maintained during these measurements by adequate minute ventilation.

Following the surgery, all the patients will be shifted to cardio-surgical ICU and will be extubated once they meet the extubation criteria. Post-operative RVOT pressure gradient and RV functions will be assessed by trans-thoracic echocardiography at 2 hrs post extubation, at discharge from ICU and after 1 month of surgery on first follow-up. RV functions on echocardiography will be assessed using TAPSE (Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion) and fractional RV area change during systole. The duration of post-operative mechanical ventilation, vasoactive inotropic score (VIS), PaO2/FiO2 ratio till discharge from ICU and any morbidity or adverse outcome during hospital stay will be noted.
Up to 3 dose levels of thioridazine will be assessed sequentially: 25 mg Q6H (Level I), 50 mg Q6H (Level II) and 100 mg Q6H (Level III). The duration of thioridazine therapy is for a total of 21 days (Days 1-22 on study). All patients will receive cytarabine 1 g/m2 administered as a 2 hour infusion for 5 consecutive days (Days 6-10 on study).
An antimicrobial detergent compsn. contains a bioguanide of formula R-NH-C(NH)-NH-C(NH)-NH-A-NH-C(NH)-NH-C(NH)-NH-R (where A is 2-12C alkylene linked by different C atoms; and R is 6-16C alkul) or its acid salt, together with compatible surfactant(s) and water. The compsns. are used for reducing the number of microbes on the skin, esp. human skin in surgical wash prods. Chlorohexidine is potentially toxic due to p-chloroaniline produced by hydrolytic decompsn. The amines produced from the above cpds. are less toxic than p-chloroaniline.
BACKGROUND: Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) are the most common peripheral aneurysm. However, due to its rarity, the cumulative body of evidence regarding patient patterns, treatment strategies, and perioperative outcomes is limited. This analysis aims to investigate distinct phenotypical patient profiles and associated treatment and outcomes in patients with a PAA by performing an unsupervised clustering analysis of the POPART (Practice of Popliteal Artery Aneurysm Repair and Therapy) registry.
METHODS AND RESULTS: A cluster analysis (using k-means clustering) was performed on data obtained from the multicenter POPART registry (42 centers from Germany and Luxembourg). Sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore validity and stability. Using 2 clusters, patients were primarily separated by the absence or presence of clinical symptoms. Within the cluster of symptomatic patients, the main difference between patients with acute limb ischemia presentation and nonemergency symptomatic patients was PAA diameter. When using 6 clusters, patients were primarily grouped by comorbidities, with patients with acute limb ischemia forming a separate cluster. Despite markedly different risk profiles, perioperative complication rates appeared to be positively associated with the proportion of emergency patients. However, clusters with a higher proportion of patients having any symptoms before treatment experienced a lower rate of perioperative complications.
CONCLUSIONS: The conducted analyses revealed both an insight to the public health reality of PAA care as well as patients with PAA at elevated risk for adverse outcomes. This analysis suggests that the preoperative clinic is a far more crucial adjunct to the patient's preoperative risk assessment than the patient's epidemiological profile by itself.
BACKGROUND: The use of apixaban in the pediatric cardiac population is expanding. We describe our apixaban dosing and monitoring strategy in children and young adults awaiting heart transplantation, along with outcomes related to bleeding and thrombosis during wait-list and early post-transplant periods.
METHODS: This study is a retrospective, single-center analysis of all patients receiving apixaban while awaiting cardiac transplantation. Weight-based dosing was monitored with peak drug-specific anti-Xa chromogenic analysis. Significant post-operative bleeding defined by chest tube output or need for surgical intervention.
RESULTS: From September 2020 to December 2022, 19 patients, median age 13.5 years (6.1, 15.8 years), weighing 48.9 kg (15.4, 67.6) received apixaban while awaiting transplant. Indication for apixaban was prophylaxis (n = 18, 3 with ventricular assist devices) and treatment of thrombus (n = 1). There were no clinically relevant non-major or major bleeding, nor thrombotic events while awaiting transplant. The median time from last apixaban dose to arrival in the operating room was 23.2 h (15.6-33.8), with median random apixaban level of 37 ng/mL (28.3, 59), 6.3 h (4.8, 8.4) prior to arrival in the operating room. In this study, 32% of patients had significant post-operative bleeding based on chest tube output post-transplant or need for intervention. No patients meeting criteria for significant post-operative bleeding were thought to be attributable to apixaban.
CONCLUSIONS: Careful use of apixaban can be safe and effective while awaiting heart transplant. There was no appreciable increase in peri-operative bleeding. The use of apixaban is promising in providing safe, predictable and efficacious anticoagulation while avoiding additional patient stressors.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic hepatitis delta represents a major global health burden. Clinical features of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection vary largely between different regions worldwide. Treatment approaches are dependent on the approval status of distinct drugs and financial resources.
METHODS: The Hepatitis Delta International Network (HDIN) registry involves researchers from all continents (Wranke, Liver International 2018). We here report long-term follow-up data of 648 hepatitis D patients recruited by 14 centres in 11 countries. Liver-related clinical endpoints were defined as hepatic decompensation (ascites, encephalopathy and variceal bleeding), liver transplantation, hepatocellular carcinoma or liver-related death.
RESULTS: Patient data were available from all continents but Africa: 22% from Eastern Mediterranean, 32% from Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 13% from Central and Southern Europe, 14% from South Asia (mainly Pakistan) and 19% from South America (mainly Brazil). The mean follow-up was 6.4 (.6-28) years. During follow-up, 195 patients (32%) developed a liver-related clinical event after 3.5 (±3.3) years. Liver cirrhosis at baseline and a detectable HDV RNA test during follow-up were associated with a worse clinical outcome in multivariate regression analysis while patients receiving interferon alfa-based therapies developed clinical endpoints less frequently. Patients from South Asia developed endpoints earlier and had the highest mortality.
CONCLUSIONS: The HDIN registry confirms the severity of hepatitis D and provides further evidence for HDV viraemia as a main risk factor for disease progression. Hepatitis D seems to take a particularly severe course in patients born in Pakistan. There is an urgent need to extend access to antiviral therapies and to provide appropriate education about HDV infection.
1. Technical Result Increase in crystallization rate and di-clavulanate salt stability.           2. Essence Clavulanic acid and diamino ether derivatives of the formula whereR1 is an alkylene group, each of R2 and R3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group or R2 and R3 together complete a heterocyclic ring having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, di-clavulanate salt.          The mentioned salt is prepared by reacting diaminoether with clavulanic acid in an organic solvent and isolating the resulting salt.           The pharmaceutical composition together with pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a solvent as an active ingredient comprises di-clavulanate salt, pharmaceutically effective amount.     3. Field of Application Organic chemistry, medicine.                                Tables: 1
INTRODUCTION: Structural and functional abnormalities in the cortical-striatal network (CSN) are hypothesised to play a key role in the pathogenesis of neurological disease-associated fatigue. Some small-scale functional MRI (fMRI) studies have suggested that poststroke fatigue (PSF) is related to focal functional connectivity (FC) changes. To date, there has been no published large-scale fMRI study on PSF. This planned study will examine the role of the CSN FC on PSF.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The planned study will be a prospective cohort study conducted at the Neurology Unit of the Prince of Wales Hospital. We will recruit 738 participants. The project duration will be 36 months. A psychiatrist will administer the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) at 3 months (P1) following the index stroke. PSF is defined as an FSS Score≥4.0. PSF severity will be defined by the FSS total score at P1. Participants with PSF at P1 will undergo two follow-up assessments at 9 (P2) and 15 (P3) months post stroke. PSF remission at P2 or P3 will be defined as a 50% reduction in FSS. Participants will undergo MRI examinations within 2 weeks of the 3-month poststroke assessment. Structural MRI, resting-state fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging will be performed. FC, structural connectivity, infarcts, cerebral microbleeds and white matter hyperintensities will be analysed. For the primary analysis, the effect of PSF on the FC, structural connectivity and diffusion metrics of CSN of stroke survivors, voxel-wise two-sample t-tests will be performed with FDR correction for multiple comparison and significance level set at p<0.05.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was obtained from the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong-New Territories East Cluster clinical research ethics committee. The study findings will be shared through peer-reviewed journal publications, national and international conferences and social media platforms.
Caregivers assigned to the multimedia group were instructed to watch "Recommendation 3: Decrease Exposure to Violence" from the Play Nicely program, a 5 minute video in English and Spanish that teaches caregivers about the negative impact of violent media and instructs parents about the importance of limiting media. The intervention was presented to the parents on a mobile laptop computer.
Gliomas are the most common type of malignant brain tumor and are characterized by a plethora of heterogeneous molecular alterations. Current treatments require the emergence of reliable biomarkers that will aid personalized treatment decisions and increase life expectancy. Glioma tissues are not as easily accessible as other solid tumors; therefore, detecting prominent biomarkers in biological fluids is necessary. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates adjacent to the cerebral parenchyma and holds promise for discovering useful prognostic, diagnostic, and predictive biomarkers. In this review, we summarize extensive research regarding the role of circulating DNA, tumor cells, proteins, microRNAs, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles as potential CSF biomarkers for glioma diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. Future studies should address discrepancies and issues of specificity regarding CSF biomarkers, as well as the validation of candidate biomarkers.
The substructure (10) includes an electroplated metal layer (12) covered in succession by a reinforcing layer (13) and an electroplated metal layer.  An Independent claim is included for the corresponding method of making the substructure for a denture. Preferred features: The outer contours of the reinforcing layer are spaced from the outer contour of the first metal layer, leaving an edge uncovered. Between the reinforcing layer and the metal layer (12) a layer of conductive material is included. The reinforcing layer includes electrically-conductive particles. A prefabricated reinforcement as described, is claimed. It is a covering section, to form a crown, clamp, plate, intermediate section, redentition or a sub-lingual bow.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a functionalized polyethyleneimine-modified multi-wall carbon nano-tube magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. The method comprises the steps that: (1) MWCNT/PEI is prepared; (2) a DMSO solution of MWCNT/PEI-FI is prepared, and MWCNT/PEI-FI-DOTA (Gd) is prepared; and (3) MWCNT/PEI-FI-DOTA (Gd)-mPEG2K or MWCNT/PEI-FI-DOTA (Gd)-mPEG5K is finally prepared. The preparation process is simple, and the experiment conditions are normal temperature and normal pressure, such that operation is easy. The adopted preparation process can be used for preparing other functionalized multi-wall carbon nano-tube composite materials. According to the invention, mice in-vivo MR blood vessel and major organ imaging is realized. Also, with the EPR effect of tumor tissues, tumor site MR imaging detection can be realized. Therefore, the method has wide application prospect.
This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of evidence-based nursing (EBN) intervention on wound infection and postoperative complications in patients after appendectomy for acute appendicitis (AA), with the expectation of providing a theoretical basis for postoperative care in AA. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the postoperative application of EBN in patients with AA were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from the inception of databases to October 2023. Two authors screened and evaluated the literature based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were extracted from the final included literature. Stata software (version 17.0) was employed for data analysis. In total, 29 RCTs involving 2848 patients with AA were included, with 1424 in the EBN group and 1424 in the conventional care group. The analyses revealed that patients with AA who experienced EBN were significantly less likely to develop postoperative wound infections (odds ratio [OR] = 0.23, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.14-0.38, p < 0.001) and postoperative complications (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.15-0.26, p < 0.001) as opposed to conventional care. Available evidence suggests that EBN can effectively reduce the risk of wound infection and postoperative complications in patients undergoing appendectomy for AA, thereby improving patient prognosis. This finding is worth promoting in the clinical practice.
Solutions for the prognosis of a given disease provided. A classifier is trained for estimating the index as a function of the respective set of features using a training dataset. For prognosis, further patient omics data is received. A verification dataset is generated by forming pairs of patients by combining the patient with the reference patients and determining, for each pair, a respective set of features. Estimation is performed through the classifier, for each pair of patients, of a respective index to generate an orderly list of the estimated indices. At each position in the list a respective parameter that indicates a probability is calculated. The position with the highest probability is selected and the disease-free survival time of the patient is estimated as a function of disease-free survival time of the reference patient in the selected position.
This Phase II trial will have 3 groups: Group A will receive islets from 2 donors and will not receive infliximab. Group B will receive, in addition to Daclizumab, Sirolimus, and Tacrolimus, a dose of infliximab and islets from a single donor, as per the Edmonton protocol. Everything else about the clinical trial will be the same for both groups. The first 4 patients will be assigned to Group A, the next 4 patients to Group B, the next 4 patients to Group A, and the next 4 patients to Group B (total =16). Patients in Group A will receive 1-2 transplants with cells from 2 donors. If the second donor pancreas is received and satisfactory at the same time as the first pancreas, one islet infusion will be used to infuse cells from both donors. If the second pancreas is not received until after the first transplantation, a second islet infusion will be done. A second course of five doses of Daclizumab will be started on the day of the second islet infusion).

In order to determine if prolonged administration of etanercept, in combination with transplantation of cultured islets, will prevent TNF-α production and enhance engraftment, we have added Group C to the current protocol. Group C, in addition to Daclizumab, Sirolimus, and Tacrolimus, will receive Etanercept in the peri-transplant period and islets from one or more donors. The last 24 patients included in this Protocol will be in Group C if they are new, or in Group A and B Supplemental Infusion if they had previous transplants. Any Group A or B participants who are eligible for a supplemental infusion will receive etanercept but no infliximab.