anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Gigantomastia is a debilitating condition characterised by an excessive breast tissue growth impacting patients' quality of life. Surgically treatment options include the limited-length pedicle (LP) technique with free nipple grafting (FNG) and the elongated pedicle (EP) technique, which maintains continuity of the nipple-areola complex (NAC). Initially, despite the less satisfactory aesthetic outcome, FNG was preferred to treat hypertrophic breasts requiring resections over 1000 g of parenchymal and adipose tissue, due to concerns about NAC perfusion. Recently, many studies have questioned this indication. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the safety of the NAC-carrying EP technique in patients with gigantomastia eventually challenging the need for FNG.
METHODS: A literature search using PubMed and Cochrane databases was performed, including studies describing the outcome of EP technique for resection exceeding 1000 g of breast tissue. Thereby, a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the rate of NAC necrosis, whereas a descriptive statistic was applied to assess all other surgery-associated complications.
RESULTS: Twenty-five studies, encompassing 1355 patients (2656 breasts), were included. EP demonstrated an extremely low rate of NAC necrosis. Moreover, the analysis demonstrated a low rate of ischaemia-independent complications and a very high probability of maintaining NAC-sensation equal to the preoperative state.
CONCLUSION: Current evidence indicates that the EP technique should be the preferred surgical method to treat gigantomastia with or without massive ptosis whenever indicated. It has proven to be safe. Furthermore, it yields superior aesthetic and functional outcomes, including breast feeding and preservation of NAC-sensation compared to the LP technique.
Humans are in a complex symbiotic relationship with a wide range of microbial organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The evolution and composition of the human microbiome can be an indicator of how it may affect human health and susceptibility to diseases. Microbiome alteration, termed as dysbiosis, has been linked to the pathogenesis and progression of hematological cancers. A variety of mechanisms, including epithelial barrier disruption, local chronic inflammation response trigger, antigen dis-sequestration, and molecular mimicry, have been proposed to be associated with gut microbiota. Dysbiosis may be induced or worsened by cancer therapies (such as chemotherapy and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) or infection. The use of antibiotics during treatment may also promote dysbiosis, with possible long-term consequences. The aim of this review is to provide a succinct summary of the current knowledge describing the role of the microbiome in hematological cancers, as well as its influence on their therapies. Modulation of the gut microbiome, involving modifying the composition of the beneficial microorganisms in the management and treatment of hematological cancers is also discussed. Additionally discussed are the latest developments in modeling approaches and tools used for computational analyses, interpretation and better understanding of the gut microbiome data.
Perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) are the most common complication during pediatric anesthesia furthermore, most children presenting for AT have sleep-disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) caused by tonsillar hypertrophy which could aggravate the PRAEs specially with the use of the conventional sedatives as a premedication. A recent randomized controlled trial has shown that more than 50% of children premedicated with midazolam had experienced PRAEs . Midazolam and ketamine are commonly used as preoperative sedative drugs for pediatric populations. Ketamine is a safe and widely used sedative and analgesic in the pediatric emergency department (ED) with less profound effects on the upper airway and respiratory muscles. Intranasal ketamine administration is well tolerated and without serious adverse effects. The addition of ketamine to midazolam as a preoperative sedation to reduce the occurrence of PRAEs was not investigated before in children undergoing AT. The authors hypothesize that combination of ketamine to midazolam could offer optimum sedation condition while reducing the occurrence of PRAEs in children undergoing AT.
BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health concern worldwide. Untreated STIs may have serious sequelae, particularly in pregnant women. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of screening and treating common STIs in women during pregnancy in Bangladesh.
METHODS: Women were enrolled from four maternity clinics/hospitals serving the lower-middle class population in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The participants were interviewed, and vaginal swab samples were collected by clinical staff. Specimens were tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis and high-risk Human Papilloma Viruses (HPVs) using GeneXpert (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California). Women were informed of their test results and were provided treatment for curable infections. A test of cure was performed.
RESULTS: Out of 1157 pregnant women approached, 1000 (86.4%) participated. Ninety-one percent women learned of their test results on the same day of testing. Out of the 996 valid results, 7 (0.7%) tested positive for Chlamydia trachomatis and 1 (0.1%) for Trichomonas vaginalis. There were no gonorrhoea cases. Out of the 971 women with valid results for high-risk HPVs, 46 (4.7%) tested positive.
CONCLUSIONS: Screening women for STIs during antenatal care was highly feasible and well-accepted in Bangladesh. While the prevalence of common curable STIs was very low, hrHPV infection prevalence was moderately high. Our findings support period monitoring of STIs and continued prevention efforts for cervical cancer in Bangladesh.
One of the main challenges in compiling the complete collection of protein antigens from pathogens for the selection of vaccine candidates or intervention targets is to acquire a broad enough representation of them to be recognized by the highly diversified immunoglobulin repertoire in human populations. Dried serum spot sampling (DSS) retains a large repertoire of circulating immunoglobulins from each individual that can be representative of a population, according to the sample size. In this work, shotgun proteomics of an infectious pathogen based on DSS sampling coupled with IgM immunoprecipitation, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and bioinformatic analyses was combined to characterize the circulating IgM antigenome. Serum samples from a malaria endemic region at different clinical statuses were studied to optimize IgM binding efficiency and antibody leaching by varying serum/immunomagnetic bead ratios and elution conditions. The method was validated using Plasmodium falciparum extracts identifying 110 of its IgM-reactive antigens while minimizing the presence of human proteins and antibodies. Furthermore, the IgM antigen recognition profile differentiated between malaria-infected and noninfected individuals at the time of sampling. We conclude that a shotgun proteomics approach offers advantages in providing a high-throughput, reliable, and clean way to identify IgM-recognized antigens from trace amounts of serum. The mass spectrometry raw data and metadata have been deposited with ProteomeXchange via MassIVE with the PXD identifier PXD043800.
Intellectual disability (ID) is a common disorder, yet there is a wide spectrum of impairment from mild to profoundly affected individuals. Mild ID is seen as the low extreme of the general distribution of intelligence, while severe ID is often seen as a monogenic disorder caused by rare, pathogenic, highly penetrant variants. To investigate the genetic factors influencing mild and severe ID, we evaluated rare and common variation in the Northern Finland Intellectual Disability cohort (n = 1096 ID patients), a cohort with a high percentage of mild ID (n = 550) and from a population bottleneck enriched in rare, damaging variation. Despite this enrichment, we found only a small percentage of ID was due to recessive Finnish-enriched variants (0.5%). A larger proportion was linked to dominant variation, with a significant burden of rare, damaging variation in both mild and severe ID. This rare variant burden was enriched in more severe ID (p = 2.4e-4), patients without a relative with ID (p = 4.76e-4), and in those with features associated with monogenic disorders. We also found a significant burden of common variants associated with decreased cognitive function, with no difference between mild and more severe ID. When we included common and rare variants in a joint model, the rare and common variants had additive effects in both mild and severe ID. A multimodel inference approach also found that common and rare variants together best explained ID status (ΔAIC = 16.8, ΔBIC = 10.2). Overall, we report evidence for the additivity of rare and common variant burden throughout the spectrum of intellectual disability.
BACKGROUND: Encystment is an important survival strategy extensively employed by microbial organisms to survive unfavorable conditions. Single-celled ciliated protists (ciliates) are popular model eukaryotes for studying encystment, whereby these cells degenerate their ciliary structures and develop cyst walls, then reverse the process under more favorable conditions. However, to date, the evolutionary basis and mechanism for encystment in ciliates is largely unknown. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, genome sequencing and comparative genomics of ciliates have become effective methods to provide insights into above questions.
RESULTS: Here, we profiled the MAC genome of Pseudourostyla cristata, a model hypotrich ciliate for encystment studies. Like other hypotrich MAC genomes, the P. cristata MAC genome is extremely fragmented with a single gene on most chromosomes, and encodes introns that are generally small and lack a conserved branch point for pre-mRNA splicing. Gene family expansion analyses indicate that multiple gene families involved in the encystment are expanded during the evolution of P. cristata. Furthermore, genomic comparisons with other five representative hypotrichs indicate that gene families of phosphorelay sensor kinase, which play a role in the two-component signal transduction system that is related to encystment, show significant expansion among all six hypotrichs. Additionally, cyst wall-related chitin synthase genes have experienced structural changes that increase them from single-exon to multi-exon genes during evolution. These genomic features potentially promote the encystment in hypotrichs and enhance their ability to survive in adverse environments during evolution.
CONCLUSIONS: We systematically investigated the genomic structure of hypotrichs and key evolutionary phenomenon, gene family expansion, for encystment promotion in ciliates. In summary, our results provided insights into the evolutionary mechanism of encystment in ciliates.
Experimental group: Inspiratory muscle training with POWERbreathe® (POWERbreathe®, HaB Ltd, Southam, UK) with 30% of Pimax. with weekly load increment of 10% of the Pimax value. initial. The sessions will consist of 30 repetitions, twice a day, one in the morning and one in the afternoon, 7 consecutive days a week, for 6 weeks. Individuals will be instructed to perform a rapid contraction of the inspiratory muscles and sustain it for 2 seconds in each maneuver, and will have the possibility to rest every 3 repetitions of the TMI, for 30 seconds, to avoid muscle fatigue or any other complication.
This is to be a double blind, randomized trial with cross over of 12 patients with chronic sarcoidosis on stable systemic therapy. Patients will be screened for fatigue using a modified SNAP and Facit-F scores. Patients will be in the study for 20 weeks. Objective of study: To determine the effect of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, (d-MPH)(Focalin) on fatigue in Sarcoidosis. The is a common complaint in sarcoidosis, related to the chronic inflammatory nature of the disease. It may also related to therapy for the disease.
All the subjects, treatment and control groups, would be given the opportunity to receive attendance rewards for attending six CO testing meetings as well as abstention (contingency management) rewards for abstaining from smoking. The only difference between the subjects randomly assigned to treatment and control groups is that each member of the treatment group would be tempted at the beginning of their program by being offered a one-time monetary incentive to forego the opportunity to receive subsequent abstention (contingency management) rewards. Treatment group subjects would, at their initial intake meeting after the attendance and abstention rewards opportunity had been described, be given a one-time opportunity to received $80 temptation payment to give up the opportunity to receive subsequent abstinence (contingency management) rewards that could be worth as much as $165. Subjects who accepted this one-time opportunity would remain enrolled in the practice quit smoking and they would still be eligible to receive attendance reward compensation totaling up to $30 for showing up to their six testing appointments. The purpose of the study is to test whether resisting the temptation to accept the one-time payment helps steel the resolve of the treatment subjects to follow through and make sure that they earn the subsequent contingency management rewards. More specifically, an intent-to-treat design will allow us to test whether the temptation causes treatment group subjects to have greater success than the un-tempted control group subjects to abstain from smoking during the two-week practice quit period.
Participants assigned to the social group will also attend four weekly sessions that are each 1.5 hours in length. Each session will have participants focus on a creative tasks while permitting task related discussion. In this way the format is designed to parallel the mindfulness group, where participants engage in a new activity each week and have an opportunity to discuss the activities with the group without engaging in any formal intervention.
A cosmetic composition is provided comprising a suitable carrier and at least one thiol protease; at least a first serine protease derived from Aspergillus melleus; and at least a second serine protease. The thiol protease may be selected from papain, ficin, bromelain and actinidin. The first serine protease is derived from Aspergillus melleus, and is preferably Aspergillus melleus proteinase. The second serine protease is selected from the group consisting of subtilisin, trypsin and chymotrypsin. The synergistic combination of these three proteolytic enzyme activities - the trienzyme activity - in the compositions of the invention facilitates improved cosmetic epidermal conditioning and resurfacing. Methods of using the compositions and methods of reconstituting the desired trienzyme activity in situ are also provided.
A method of clinical evaluation of a cardiology patient includes the providing of a computer having a database and a user interface that includes a display screen. One or more images are displayed on the display screen, each being an anatomical representation of a part of a human heart which are a portion of a human heart, there is displayed on the screen patient data that corresponds to the part that is displayed on the screen. Such data can be for example prior or present test data. One embodiment includes a graphical medical generation system for replacing the dictation and transcription process of a cardiology health care professionals. A graphical display is provided which processes user input in conjunction with pre-defined cardiology reporting options to generate user-defined cardiology reports. A method and apparatus  10  is described for controlling, via a relational databases, the selection of pre-defined character strings to be inserted into the generated cardiology report. An option is provided for the user to customize character strings for insertion into the cardiology report. Another option is provided for the method and apparatus  10  to include comparisons with earlier cardiology reports and data testing to assist the user in generating a conclusion.
The treatment group was administered with the Swiss DolorClast Master ESWT device, which produces radial shock waves. Patients in the ESWT group were positioned in a prone position. The most painful point in the heel area was identified through palpation. Gel was applied to this area, followed by the surrounding soft tissues, towards the plantar fascia and the attachment area of the Achilles tendon at the dorsal aspect of the heel. Radial ESWT treatment was applied at a frequency of 10 Hz, pressure of 2.5 bars, and 2000 impulses per session, once a week for a total of 4 sessions. Patients receiving ESWT therapy also continued with their exercise programs.
BACKGROUND: Fetal death has various causes, among the most common are problems relating to the placenta, such as placental abruption or placental malformations such as placenta accreta. From the literature, it emerges that placental analysis at autopsy can allow for greater resolution of cases compared to clinical history and external examination of the fetus alone.
CASE REPORT: We report the case of a woman at the eleventh week of pregnancy who died in hospital. The medical history revealed two further previous pregnancies, both with births by cesarean section. The autopsy identified the cause of maternal death as acute cardiorespiratory arrest secondary to hemorrhagic shock from spontaneous uterine rupture. Hemorrhagic infiltrate was found in the intervillous placental spaces with rupture of the uterus due to placenta previa and accreta.
DISCUSSION: Placenta accreta is a condition in which a pathological adherence and/or invasion of the myometrium by the placenta is observed. This condition poses a problem during recovery with potential for severe bleeding. Therefore, we emphasize the macroscopic and histological analysis of the placenta, uterus and the ovaries in all cases of maternal-fetal death, suggesting however that the organs be analyzed both by gross analysis and after permanence in formaldehyde. Furthermore, in these cases, it is important to evaluate the clinical history and data, especially ultrasound scans performed in life, or insertion anomalies during instrumental investigations. For this reason, we recommend to collaborate with a multidisciplinary team in these cases, including the gynecologist and the forensic pathologist.
Lung cancer represents one of the most challenging malignancies to manage. Cure rates have only marginally improved in the last 20 years. It is the most commonly fatal cancer in both men and women with overall 5 year survivals of 15%. Lung cancer kills more Americans than the next three most common malignancies combined.

Most non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents at advanced stages. Only approximately 25% present with stage I/II disease, 40% with stage III and 35% patients present with stage IV. (1) The optimal treatment of stage II/III NSCLC is complex. For those patients who are surgical candidates and a complete resection is technically feasible, radical surgery remains the standard of care. Traditionally, those patients with multiple N2 nodal levels or T4 disease are considered inoperable. Given that the average age of patients diagnosed with NSCLC is in their mid-60's and usually have long smoking histories, many patients are medically inoperable.
Stromal cells support epithelial cell and immune cell homeostasis and play an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Here, we quantify the stromal response to inflammation in pediatric IBD and reveal subset-specific inflammatory responses across colon segments and intestinal layers. Using data from a murine dynamic gut injury model and human ex vivo transcriptomic, protein and spatial analyses, we report that PDGFRA+CD142-/low fibroblasts and monocytes/macrophages co-localize in the intestine. In primary human fibroblast-monocyte co-cultures, intestinal PDGFRA+CD142-/low fibroblasts foster monocyte transition to CCR2+CD206+ macrophages through granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Monocyte-derived CCR2+CD206+ cells from co-cultures have a phenotype similar to intestinal CCR2+CD206+ macrophages from newly diagnosed pediatric IBD patients, with high levels of PD-L1 and low levels of GM-CSF receptor. The study describes subset-specific changes in stromal responses to inflammation and suggests that the intestinal stroma guides intestinal macrophage differentiation.
Visual anosognosia, associated with confabulations and cortical blindness in the context of occipital lobe injury, is known as Anton syndrome. Patients with this syndrome strongly deny their vision loss and confabulate to compensate for both visual loss and memory impairments. In this article, we present a case of a patient with some similarities to Anton syndrome, however, with several differences in clinical presentation. Bifrontal brain injury, bilateral enucleation, affective indifference (anosodiaphoria), generalized anosognosia, and the conviction that vision will resume mark clear clinical differences with Anton syndrome. Differentiating these findings from Anton syndrome will help occupational therapists, neuropsychologists, speech-language pathologists, physical therapists, and physicians when assessing frontal lobe brain injury with total and partial visual loss. This case demonstrates that visual anosognosia and confabulations can occur without occipital lobe dysfunction or cortical blindness.