anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Neuroinflammation caused by excessive microglial activation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulatory technique that has recently been reported to regulate microglial functions and exert anti-inflammatory effects. The intermittent burst stimulation (iTBS) regimen in rTMS improves neuronal excitability. However, whether iTBS exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by stimulating neurons and thereby modulating microglial polarization remains unclear. Motor function was assessed after 1 week of rTMS (iTBS regimen) treatment in adult male mice with occlusion/reperfusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO/r) injury. We also investigated the molecular biological alterations associated with microglial polarization using a cell proliferation assay, multiplex cytokine bioassays, and immunofluorescence staining. iTBS regimen can improve balance and motor coordination function, increase spontaneous movement, and improve walking function in mice with early cerebral ischemia injury. Expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 increased significantly in mice with MCAO injury. Especially, rTMS significantly increased the number of proliferating cells in the infarcted cortex. The fluorescence intensity of MAP2 in the peri-infarct area of MCAO injured mice was low, but the signal was broader. Compared with MCAO group, the fluorescence intensity of MAP2 in rTMS group was significantly increased. rTMS inhibited pro-inflammatory M1 activation (Iba1+/CD86+) and improved anti-inflammatory M2 activation (Iba1+/CD206+) in the peri-infarct zone, thus significantly changing the phenotypic ratio M1/M2. rTMS improves motor dysfunction and neuroinflammation after cerebral I/R injury in mice by regulating microglial polarization.
OBJECTIVE: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and angiographically negative subarachnoid hemorrhage (anSAH) cause an abrupt rise in intracranial pressure, resulting in shearing forces, causing damage to the white matter tracts. This study aims to investigate whole-brain white matter abnormalities with diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) after both aSAH and anSAH and explores whether these abnormalities are associated with impaired cognitive functioning.
METHODS: Five months post-ictus, 34 patients with aSAH, 24 patients with anSAH and 17 healthy controls (HC) underwent DKI MRI scanning and neuropsychological assessment (measuring verbal memory, psychomotor speed, executive control, and social cognition). Differences in DKI measures (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity [AD], radial diffusivity, and mean kurtosis) were examined using tract-based spatial statistics. Significant voxel masks were then correlated with neuropsychological scores.
RESULTS: All DKI measures differed significantly between patients with aSAH and HC, but no significant differences were found between patients with anSAH and HC. Although the two SAH groups did not differ significantly on all DKI parameters, effect sizes indicated that the anSAH group might be more similar to HC. Cognitive impairments were found for both SAH groups relative to HC. No significant associations were found between these impairments and white matter abnormalities in the aSAH group, but lower psychomotor speed scores were associated with higher AD values (r = -0.41, p = 0.04) in patients with anSAH.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with aSAH showed significant white matter diffusion abnormalities, while the anSAH group, despite cognitive deficits, did not. However, there were no significant differences between the SAH groups, and no correlations between DKI metrics and cognitive measures, except for one test on psychomotor speed in the anSAH group. Overall, this study suggests that while anSAH may not be as severe as aSAH, it is still not a benign condition. Further research with larger anSAH cohorts is necessary to gain a more precise understanding of white matter injuries, particularly regarding their prevalence.
BACKGROUND: There are few studies that examined the relationship between preoperative zinc (Zn) concentrations and postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after distal pancreatectomy (DP).
METHODS: Data from 98 patients who underwent DP between January 2016 and April 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' clinicopathological and surgical outcomes were analyzed, and we examined the relationship between Zn and clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF) after DP.
RESULTS: In this series, 41 (41.8%) patients had POPF and 31 (31.8%) patients had CR-POPF. The cut-off value for the preoperative Zn concentration was 74 μg/dL for POPF and CR-POPF. Patients with low Zn concentrations were significantly related with high age, low albumin concentrations, higher CRP concentrations, higher NLR, lower PNI, higher rates of POPF and CR-POPF, longer POPF healing time, longer hospital stay, and postoperative complications than patients with high Zn concentrations. The healing time of POPF after DP was significantly negatively correlated with serum Zn concentrations. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative lower Zn concentrations and a prolonged operation time were independent predictors of CR-POPF and the healing time of POPF after DP. The POPF healing time in patients with high Zn was significantly shorter than that in patients with low Zn concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study showed the association between the preoperative Zn concentrations and the occurrence of POPF and the healing time after DP. Zn is a simple biomarker for malnutrition, which may lead to POPF after DP.
Birds are highly dependent on their vision for orientation and navigation. The avian eye differs from the mammalian eye as the retina is avascular, leaving the inner, highly metabolically active layers with a very long diffusion distance to the oxygen supply. During flight at high altitudes, birds face a decrease in environmental oxygen partial pressure, which leads to a decrease in arterial oxygen levels. Since oxygen perfusion to the retina is already limited in birds, we hypothesize that visual function is impaired by low oxygen availability. However, the visual performance of birds exposed to hypoxia has not been evaluated before. Here, we assess the optomotor response (OMR) in zebra finches under simulated high-altitude hypoxia (10%) and show that the OMR is largely maintained under hypoxia with only a modest reduction in OMR, demonstrating that birds can largely maintain visual function at high altitudes. The method of our study does not provide insight into the mechanisms involved, but our findings suggest that birds have evolved physiological mechanisms for retinal function at low tissue oxygen levels.
Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide in solution form for oral or rectal administration. Each 15 mL of Lactulose Solution USP contains 10 g lactulose (and less than 1.6 g galactose, less than 1.2 g lactose, and 0.1 g or less of fructose). It also contains D&C Yellow No. 10, FD & C Yellow No. 6 and Purified Water.   
Lactulose is a colonic acidifier for treatment and prevention of portal-systemic encephalopathy.   
The chemical name for lactulose is 4-0-ß-D-galactopyranos-D-fructofuranose. It has the following structural formula:

The molecular weight is 342.30. It is freely soluble in water.
The application relates to the technical field of A61Q5/00, in particular to scalp care essence and a using method thereof. The preparation raw materials comprise 30-70 parts by weight of water phase raw materials and 10-50 parts by weight of alcohol phase raw materials; the alcohol phase raw material contains 3-8 parts by weight of aliphatic amide. According to the scalp care essence, the scalp condition is improved by using the comb with the guide teeth in the mode, the scalp care essence is combined with the scalp essence with proper viscosity, the liquid is placed into the liquid storage cavity of the introducing device, and the scalp essence is introduced into the scalp. The guiding device moves back and forth along with the scalp, and the essence is uniformly guided to the unused parts of the scalp. And the vibration of the stainless steel ball arranged at the liquid outlet of the liquid guide comb teeth plays a role of massage, which further promotes the permeation of the essence liquid in the scalp and hair follicles. In addition, add proper amount oleic acid amide and ceramide in this application, when helping reducing the essence and using, the amount of remaining of essence in the water conservancy diversion tooth still improves high temperature stability.
To assess the effects of the acute inflammatory response (AIR) induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on plasma and tissue disposition of florfenicol (FFC) and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFC-a), after its intramuscular (IM) administration, twenty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly distributed in two experimental groups: Group 1 (LPS) was treated with three intravenous doses of 2 μg LPS/kg bw, before an intramuscular dose of 20 mg/kg FFC twenty-four h after the first LPS or SS injection; Group 2 (Control) was treated with saline solution (SS) in equivalent volumes as LPS-treated group. Blood samples were collected before (T0) and at different times after FFC administration. Acute inflammatory response was assessed in a parallel study where significant increases in body temperature, C-reactive protein concentrations and leukopenia were observed in the group treated with LPS. In another two groups of rabbits, 4 h after FFC treatment, rabbits were euthanized and tissue samples were collected for analysis of FFC and FFC-a concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters of FFC that showed significantly higher values in LPS-treated rabbits compared with control rabbits were absorption half-life, area under the curve, mean residence time and clearance /F (Cl/F). Elimination half-life and mean residence time of FFC-a were significantly higher in LPS-treated rabbits, whereas the metabolite ratio of FFC-a decreased significantly. Significant differences in tissue distribution of FFC and FFC-a were observed in rabbits treated with LPS. Modifications in plasma and tissue disposition of FFC and FFC-a were attributed mainly to haemodynamic modifications induced by the AIR through LPS administration.
UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of belimumab combined with the standard regimen in treating children with active lupus nephritis. This single-center, retrospective cohort study used clinical data of children with newly active lupus nephritis hospitalized in the Department of Nephrology between December 2004 and February 2023. Patients were divided into a belimumab or traditional treatment group according to whether or not they received belimumab. Renal remission and recurrence rates and glucocorticoid dose were compared between groups. Forty-seven children (median age 11 years) were enrolled, including 30 and 17 children in the traditional treatment and belimumab groups, respectively. The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2000) score of children in the belimumab group (23.59 ± 7.78) was higher than that in the traditional treatment group (19.13 ± 6.10) (P = 0.035). The two groups showed no significant difference in the frequency of pyuria, gross hematuria, and the levels of 24-h proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate. The complement C3/C4 in the belimumab group recovered faster than that in the traditional treatment group (P < 0.05). There were no between-group differences in the complete renal remission rate at 6 or 12 months (P = 0.442, P = 0.759). There were no between-group differences in 1-year recurrence rate (P = 0.303). Furthermore, 6 and 12 months after treatment, glucocorticoid doses were lower in the belimumab than the traditional treatment group (17.87 ± 6.96 mg/d vs. 27.33 ± 8.40 mg/d, P = 0.000; 10.00 (5.3) mg/d vs. 13.75 (10.0) mg/d, P = 0.007), respectively.
CONCLUSION: With an equivalent renal remission rate, belimumab combined with the standard traditional regimen might promote the tapering of glucocorticoids, and the incidence of adverse events is low.
WHAT IS KNOWN: • Belimumab is documented as an adjunctive treatment with systemic lupus erythematosus (c-SLE) LN with efficacy. • Due to the paucity of studies, its effects and side effects in children with LN remain unclear.
WHAT IS NEW: • This single-center, retrospective cohort study evaluated the efficacy and safety of belimumab combined with the standard regimen in treating children with proliferative LN. • Belimumab combined with the standard traditional treatment might promote the tapering of glucocorticoids, while exhibiting a low occurrence of adverse events.
Participants will complete computerized games designed to enhance working memory. Participants will complete 48 training sessions over 8 weeks.
The present invention relates to: a method for manufacturing a green tea extract for inhibiting dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy which suppresses dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by reducing the expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), and thus can restore dexamethasone-induced loss of muscle functions; and the green tea extract that inhibits dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy using the same. Sarcopenia refers to a decrease in muscle mass and strength that accompanies aging, and causes considerable difficulties in performing normal daily activities. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are often used because they can expect immediate efficacy in various diseases, but high dose or continuous use of GCs can cause muscle atrophy. The green tea extract (GTE) contributes to a wide range of health benefits, including cardiovascular disease. However, an effect of GTE on muscle atrophy has not been fully elucidated. In the present invention, the green tea extract suppressed dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes by reducing the expression of MaFbx. Moreover, in C57BL/6 mice with dexamethasone-induced muscle loss, oral administration of GTE (2000 mg/kg) improved the running time and grip strength on the treadmill, thereby restoring the dexamethasone-induced muscle function loss to some extent. In addition, GTE protected the muscle weight and muscle fiber size reduction of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles.
This protocol studies carrier testing decisions of female adolescents who have a male relative with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID). XSCID is a rare immunodeficiency that affects only males, although females carrying XSCID mutations can pass the disease to their male offspring. In previous generations infant boys with XSCID uniformly died, but medical interventions such as bone marrow transplantation and now gene therapy, have proven life-saving for many patients. XSCID was mapped in 1987, and the disease gene was identified in 1993; these advances made possible patient and carrier diagnosis, which have been available on a research basis for 10 years through IRB-approved protocols of Dr. Puck. A large sample of XSCID families enrolling in molecular diagnosis protocols participated in her psychological study of the impact on adult siblings of having a brother affected with XSCID (Protocol OH98-HG-N015, Perception of Carrier Status in Families with X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, now complete and terminated). That study indicated strong interest on the part of at-risk females for carrier diagnosis before reaching the age of adulthood. The current protocol is a follow-up protocol that functions in concert with Protocol 95-HG-0066 (Genetic Analysis of Immune Disorders) to study the decision-making process and the impact of carrier testing in female adolescents from families with known XSCID mutations. With parental consent, carrier testing for girls from age 13 through age 17 will be discussed in a genetic counseling session. The 50% risk of being a carrier and the 50% chance of XSCID in male offspring of carriers will be explained. Possible psychological and other benefits and harms of testing will be aired. If elected by the girl, XSCID mutation testing will be performed by having her enroll in our genetic testing protocol 95-HG-0066. Follow-up interviews with all girls enrolled, both tested and not tested, will be conducted at 3 months and a year post encounter.
PCT No. PCT/GB92/00589 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 15, 1993 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 15, 1993 PCT Filed Apr. 2, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO92/18618 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 29, 1992The invention relates to assembled particles of a plant virus containing a predetermined foreign peptide as part of the coat protein of the virus, and a method for their production. The foreign peptide is preferably a biologically functional peptide, the biological application of which requires or is enhanced by presentation of the peptide in association with a larger molecule or particle.
Theophylline Intranasal Spray strength 3.1mg/mL, providing a per spray dose of 140 microgram and total daily dose of 1120 microgram per day (2 sprays per naris BID). Intervention is self-administered.
The invention relates to a medicine for treating rheumatic heart disease. The rheumatic heart disease is abbreviated as RHD, which belongs to the range of severe palpitation, gasp syndrome, edema, heart obstruction and the like and refers to the heart disease caused by cardiac valves involved by rheumatic fever activity. Cassia twig, Tuckahoe, the rhizome of large-headed atractylodes, radix codonopsitis, angelica, peach kernel, safflower, oyster and liquorice are collectively ground into fine powder and are refined with honey into pills. A method for promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis and by utilizing drugs having a dissipation effect or capable of eliminating blood stasis in human body is adopted. An effect on promoting blood circulation, dissipating stasis, normalizing menstruation and killing the pain can be realized. The medicine for treating the rheumatic heart disease has advantages of wide application range, convenience in taking and convenience in treatment effect.
BACKGROUND: Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is a rare, yet devastating complication after cardiac surgery. While the surgical treatment always implies the soft tissue and bone debridement, there is little data about this procedure. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of the radical sternectomy on the outcome in patients with DSWI and to identify the risk factors which could influence the result. The surgical techniques of piecemeal sternectomy and the newly developed en bloc sternectomy were also evaluated.
METHODS: The study was developed as a retrospective cohort study. 86 patients with DSWI who received a radical sternal resection at our institution between March 2018 and December 2021 were included.
RESULTS: The average age of the cohort was 67.3 ± 7.4 years, and 23.3% of patients were female. The average length of stay trended shorter after en bloc sternectomy (median 26 days) compared to piecemeal sternectomy (37 days). There were no significant differences between the piecemeal and en bloc sternal resection techniques. Anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs had no significant influence on bleeding and transfusion rates. Obese patients showed an increased risk for postoperative bleeding requiring reintervention. Transfusion of packed red blood cells was significantly associated with lower hemoglobin values before surgery and ASA Class 4 compared to ASA Class 3. The in-hospital mortality was 9.3%, with female sex and reintervention for bleeding as significant risk factors. Nine patients developed an infection relapse as a chronic fistula at the level of clavicula or ribs, with ASA Class 4 as a risk factor.
CONCLUSION: Radical sternectomy is a safe procedure to treat DSWI with compromised sternal bone. Both piecemeal and en bloc techniques ensure reliable results, while complications and mortality appear to be patient-related.
BACKGROUND: A Bayesian approach may be useful in the study of possible treatment-related rare serious adverse events, particularly when there are strongly held opinions in the absence of good quality previous data. We demonstrate the application of a Bayesian analysis by integrating expert opinions with population-based epidemiologic data to investigate the association between chiropractic care and acute lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with early surgery.
METHODS: Experts' opinions were used to derive probability distributions of the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for acute LDH requiring early surgery associated with chiropractic care. A 'community of priors' (enthusiastic, neutral, and skeptical) was built by dividing the experts into three groups according to their perceived mean prior IRR. The likelihood was formed from the results of a population-based epidemiologic study comparing the relative incidence of acute LDH with early surgery after chiropractic care versus primary medical care, with sensitive and specific outcome case definitions and surgery occurring within 8- and 12-week time windows after acute LDH. The robustness of results to the community of priors and specific versus sensitive case definitions was assessed.
RESULTS: The most enthusiastic 25% of experts had a prior IRR of 0.42 (95% credible interval [CrI], 0.03 to 1.27), while the most skeptical 25% of experts had a prior IRR of 1.66 (95% CrI, 0.55 to 4.25). The Bayesian posterior estimates across priors and outcome definitions ranged from an IRR of 0.39 (95% CrI, 0.21 to 0.68) to an IRR of 1.40 (95% CrI, 0.52 to 2.55). With a sensitive definition of the outcome, the analysis produced results that confirmed prior enthusiasts' beliefs and that were precise enough to shift prior beliefs of skeptics. With a specific definition of the outcome, the results were not strong enough to overcome prior skepticism.
CONCLUSION: A Bayesian analysis integrating expert beliefs highlighted the value of eliciting informative priors to better understand how new evidence ought to update prior existing beliefs. Clinical epidemiologists are encouraged to integrate informative and expert opinions representing the end-user community of priors in Bayesian analyses, particularly when there are strongly held opinions in the absence of definitive scientific evidence.
After baseline 24-hour blood pressure measurements are taken at visit 2, participants will attend a final study visit where they will engage in a single session of isometric exercise. The exercise routines will include 5 to 10-minute warm-up and cool-down periods, along with a 30-minute workout. Twenty-four hour blood pressure measurements will be taken after the exercise bout.
This was a dose escalation study with RAD001 in combination with cetuximab and cisplatin in recurrent/metastatic SCCHN. Patients with ECOG performance status 0-2, with no prior systemic therapy for recurrent/metastatic SCCHN were enrolled. The dose levels for RAD001 were 2.5mg, 5mg or 10 mg administered oral daily, cetuximab 250mg/m2 weekly infusion, and cisplatin 40mg/m2 days 1 and 8. Each cycle was 28 days. Safety monitoring plan was outlined in the protocol and study calendar at specific time points. Response was evaluated with CT/MRI and PET scans every 2 cycles. DLT criteria and MTD was defined.

Dose escalation followed the conventional 3+3 design.