anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Acute emergencies from local anesthetics are generally related to high plasma levels encountered during therapeutic use of local anesthetics. (See ADVERSE REACTIONS, WARNINGS, and PRECAUTIONS.) 

Management of Local Anesthetic Emergencies: The first consideration is prevention, best accomplished by careful and constant monitoring of cardiovascular and respiratory vital signs and the patient's state of consciousness after each local anesthetic administration. At the first sign of change, oxygen should be administered. 

The first step in the management of convulsions consists of immediate attention to the maintenance of a patent airway and assisted or controlled ventilation with oxygen and a delivery system capable of permitting immediate positive airway pressure by mask. Immediately after the institution of these ventilatory measures, the adequacy of the circulation should be evaluated, keeping in mind that drugs used to treat convulsions sometimes depress the circulation when administered intravenously. Should convulsions persist despite adequate respiratory support, and if the status of the circulation permits, small increments of an ultra-short acting barbiturate (such as thiopental or thiamylal) or a benzodiazepine (such as diazepam) may be administered intravenously. The clinician should be familiar, prior to use of local anesthetics, with these anticonvulsant drugs. Supportive treatment of circulatory depression may require administration of intravenous fluids and, when appropriate, a vasopressor as directed by the clinical situation (e.g., ephedrine). 

If not treated immediately, both convulsions and cardiovascular depression can result in hypoxia, acidosis, bradycardia, arrhythmias: and cardiac arrest. If cardiac arrest should occur, standard cardiopulmonary resuscitative measures should be instituted. 

Dialysis is of negligible value in the treatment of acute overdosage with lidocaine. 

The oral LD50 of lidocaine HCl in non-fasted female rats is 459 (346 to 773) mg/kg (as the salt) and 214 (159 to 324) mg/kg (as the salt) in fasted female rats.
The CFS-D scale will be completed only by the child to measure the anxiety level before the procedure. To assess pain and fear, the WB-FACES pain scale and the CFS fear scale will be completed by the child, parent and researcher before the procedure. The buzzy cold and vibration device will be connected to the children in the buzzy experimental group 5-10 seconds before the procedure, at least 8-10 cm above the area to be treated (upper part of the left arm antecubital fossa) and the prick test application will be started.
Frailty is associated with a higher risk of death among kidney transplant candidates. Currently available frailty indices are often based on clinical impression, physical exam or an accumulation of deficits across domains of health. In this paper we investigate a clustering based approach that partitions the data based on similarities between individuals to generate phenotypes of kidney transplant candidates. We analyzed a multicenter cohort that included several features typically used to determine an individual's level of frailty. We present a clustering based phenotyping approach, where we investigated two clustering approaches-i.e. neural network based Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) with hierarchical clustering, and KAMILA (KAy-means for MIxed LArge data sets). Our clustering results partition the individuals across 3 distinct clusters. Clusters were used to generate and study feature-level phenotypes of each group.
Participants receive masitinib (3.0 mg/kg/day), given orally twice daily, with a dose escalation to 4.5 mg/kg/day after 4 weeks of treatment, followed by dose escalation to 6.0 mg/kg/day after 4 weeks of treatment. Each ascending dose titration is subjected to a safety control. Masitinib will be administered as an add-on to riluzole at 50 mg b.i.d.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Doxorubicin is widely used in the treatment of malignant tumours, but doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity severely limits its clinical application. Spexin is a neuropeptide that acts as a novel biomarker in cardiovascular disease. However, the effects of spexin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is unclear.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We established a model of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro. Levels of cardiac damage in mice was assessed through cardiac function assessment, determination of serum cardiac troponin T and CKMB levels and histological examination. CCK8 and PI staining were used to assess the doxorubicin-induced toxicity in cultures of cardiomyocytes in vitro. Ferroptosis was assessed using FerroOrange staining, determination of MDA and 4-HNE content and ferroptosis-associated proteins SLC7A11 and GPX4. Mitochondrial membrane potential and lipid peroxidation levels were measured using TMRE and C11-BODIPY 581/591 probes, respectively. Myocardial autophagy was assessed by expression of P62 and Beclin1.
KEY RESULTS: Spexin treatment improved heart function of mice with doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, and attenuated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by decreasing iron accumulation, abnormal lipid metabolism and inhibiting ferroptosis. Interestingly, doxorubicin caused excessive autophagy in cardiomyocyte in culture, which could be alleviated by treatment with spexin. Knockdown of Beclin 1 eliminated the protective effects of spexin in mice with DIC.
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Spexin ameliorated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting excessive autophagy-induced ferroptosis, suggesting that spexin could be a drug candidate against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Beclin 1 might be critical in mediating the protective effect of spexin against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
Skin and pulmonary fibrosis result in substantial morbidity in scleroderma (SSc). Furthermore, interstitial lung disease (ILD) culminating in pulmonary fibrosis is a major cause of death among scleroderma patients. Studies implicate the coagulation system, most notably the serine protease thrombin, in the pathogenesis of SSc-ILD. Thrombin can transform normal lung fibroblasts to a scleroderma fibroblast phenotype. Dabigatran etexilate is a selective thrombin inhibitor which is FDA-approved for the prevention of thromboembolic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation. Dabigatran etexilate needs to be studied as a potential anti-fibrotic agent for the treatment of SSc-ILD. This study is designed to see if dabigatran etexilate is safe for use in patients with scleroderma. If so, the long term goal of this study is to determine whether or not the fundamental results will translate to a potential clinical intervention for SSc-ILD which can be tested in a future randomized control trial.
Serotonin Syndrome   
Cases of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition, have been reported during concomitant use of serotonergic drugs with metaxalone used within the recommended dosage range (see PRECAUTIONS: Drug Interactions) and with metaxalone as a single agent taken at doses higher than the recommended dose (see OVERDOSAGE). Serotonergic drugs include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), triptans, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, opioids (particularly fentanyl, meperidine, and methadone), drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system (e.g., mirtazapine, trazodone, tramadol), and drugs that impair metabolism of serotonin (including monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, both those intended to treat psychiatric disorders and also others, such as linezolid and intravenous methylene blue) (see PRECAUTIONS: Drug Interactions). 

Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, hyperthermia), neuromuscular aberrations (e.g., hyperreflexia, incoordination, rigidity), and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). The onset of symptoms generally occurs within several hours to a few days, but may occur later than that. Discontinue metaxalone if serotonin syndrome is suspected. 

Risks from Concomitant Use with Alcohol or other CNS Depressants   
The sedative effects of metaxalone and other CNS depressants (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines, opioids, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)) may be additive. Exercise caution with patients who take more than one of these CNS depressants simultaneously. Follow patients closely for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation (see PRECAUTIONS: Drug Interactions).
A multi-centre, multi-national, open label trial of Forodesine in children with relapsed or refractory T-cell or B-cell precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia or T-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of six different dose schedules of Forodesine. Secondary objectives are to evaluate safety and to collect preliminary efficacy data. All patients will receive active drug. The Initial Treatment Phase will last 37 days with a final response assessment on Day 37. Patients who achieve a response may be eligible to receive extended treatment with Forodesine for up to 6 months.
Described are sprayable sunscreen compositions having one or more oil-in-water dispersions of (i) particles of one or more hydrophobic ultraviolet B ray (UVB) filters or ultraviolet A ray (UVA) filters or ultraviolet (UV) absorbing boosters or other non-UV absorbing hydrophobic agent(s), (ii) one or more polymer or copolymer fragments, or combinations thereof, and (iii) an aqueous-solute fluid. The particles of one or more hydrophobic UVB filters or UVA filters or UV absorbing boosters or other non-UV absorbing hydrophobic agent(s) are present in an amount from about 0.01% wt. to about 70% wt., the one or more polymer or copolymer fragments, or combinations thereof are present in an amount from about 0.01% wt. to about 10% wt., and the aqueous-solute fluid is present in an amount from about 1.0% wt. to about 98.5% wt., all based on the total weight of the composition. The one or more polymer or copolymer fragments, or combinations thereof, are sufficient to stabilize the particles of one or more hydrophobic UVB filters or UVA filters or UV absorbing boosters or other non-UV absorbing hydrophobic agent(s) in the dispersion, at a level from about 0.05% w/w to about 70% w/w of the one or more hydrophobic UVB filters or UVA filters or UV absorbing boosters or other non-UV absorbing hydrophobic agent(s), in the dispersion. The sprayable sunscreen composition has a viscosity sufficient to form a spray of preset or desired droplet size upon dispensing from a spray dispenser. Also described are processes of making the dispersions, and method of use of the dispersions. The dispersions are useful, for example, in nutritional, pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, food, animal care, veterinary care, household, pet care, and other applications.
BACKGROUND: Experience is lacking on the implementation of the WHO standards for improving the quality of care (QOC) for children at facility level. We describe the use of 10 prioritised WHO standard-based quality measures to assess provision of care for children with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Italy.
METHODS: In a multicentre observational study across 11 emergency departments with different characteristics, we collected 10 WHO standard-based quality measures related to case management of children with ARI and no emergency/priority signs. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.
RESULTS: Data from 3145 children were collected. Major differences in QOC across facilities were observed: documentation of saturation level and respiratory rate varied from 34.3% to 100% and from 10.7% to 62.7%, respectively (p<0.001); antibiotic prescription rates ranged from 22.6% to 80.0% (p<0.001), with significant differences in the pattern of prescribed antibiotic; hospitalisations rates ranged between 2.3% and 30.6% (p<0.001). When corrected for children's individual sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the variable more consistently associated with each analysed outcome was the individual facility where the child was managed. Higher rates of antibiotics prescription (+33.1%, p<0.001) and hospitalisation (+24.7%, p<0.001) were observed for facilities in Southern Italy, while university centres were associated with lower hospitalisation rates (-13.1%, p<0.001), independently from children's characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of 10 WHO standard-based measures can help quickly assess QOC for children with ARI. There is an urgent need to invest more in implementation research to identify sustainable and effective interventions to ensure that all children receive high QOC.
AIMS: Patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and aortic regurgitation have higher rate of aortic complications compared with patients with BAV and stenosis, as well as BAV without valvular disease. Aortic regurgitation alters blood haemodynamics not only in systole but also during diastole. We therefore sought to investigate wall shear stress (WSS) during the whole cardiac cycle in BAV with aortic regurgitation.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-seven subjects that underwent 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging were included: 13 patients with BAVs without valve disease, 14 BAVs with aortic regurgitation, 15 BAVs with aortic stenosis, and 22 normal controls with tricuspid aortic valve. Peak and time averaged WSS in systole and diastole and the oscillatory shear index (OSI) in the ascending aorta were computed. Student's t-tests were used to compare values between the four groups where the data were normally distributed, and the non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used otherwise. BAVs with regurgitation had similar peak and time averaged WSS compared with the patients with BAV without valve disease and with stenosis, and no regions of elevated WSS were found. BAV with aortic regurgitation had twice as high OSI as the other groups (P ≤ 0.001), and mainly in the outer mid-to-distal ascending aorta.
CONCLUSION: OSI uniquely characterizes altered WSS patterns in BAVs with aortic regurgitation, and thus could be a haemodynamic marker specific for this specific group that is at higher risk of aortic complications. Future longitudinal studies are needed to verify this hypothesis.
FIELD: veterinary microbiology, biotechnology. SUBSTANCE: method involves the separate culturing strains Str. zooepidemicus VGNKI N K-DEP, P. multocida VGNKI N 6011, 2394, 1015. The grown cultures of streptococci and pasteurellae were combined at ratio 1:1, subjected for freezing-thawing, liquid fractions were inactivated with 0.3-0.4% formalin solution. After inactivation time and control over the growth purity adjuvant (3% solution of aluminium hydroxide) is added to bacterial mass as measured 15% to culture volume. The second adjuvant (saponine) is added as measured 100 mg/1 l biomass. Adjuvants were added at continuous shaking. The obtained saponine-formol-aluminium hydroxide vaccine provides the immunity formation in 3-5 days after vaccination that is retained for 12 months, not less. Epizootic effectiveness of vaccine is 95% and above of all vaccinated animals. EFFECT: improved method of preparing, enhanced effectiveness of vaccine. 1 tbl
PURPOSE:To provide the titled composition exhibiting prolonged drug release in living body, by compounding a polyallylamine and an anionic polymer to a drug active component. CONSTITUTION:A drug (e.g. mefenamic acid, acemetacin, indomethacin, etc.) is compounded with a polyallylamine of formula (having a molecular weight of about 51,000-100,000) and an anionic polymer (e.g. carboxyvinyl polymer). The weight ratio of polyallylamine to anionic polymer is usually 95:5-10:90, preferably 80:20-20:80. The composition can be produced by dissolving a polyallylamine in an alcohol, dissolving an anionic polymer and a drug in the solution, removing the alcohol from the mixture to obtain a solid and, if necessary, pulverizing the solid. The releasing rate of a drug which has to be frequently administered in order to keep effective blood concentration or effective local concentration can be controlled by this process to enable the reduction of administration frequency.
Serious dermatological reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), have been reported in both children and adults in association with oxcarbazepine use. The median time of onset for reported cases was 19 days. Such serious skin reactions may be life threatening, and some patients have required hospitalization with very rare reports of fatal outcome. Recurrence of the serious skin reactions following rechallenge with oxcarbazepine has also been reported. 

The reporting rate of TEN and SJS associated with oxcarbazepine use, which is generally accepted to be an underestimate due to underreporting, exceeds the background incidence rate estimates by a factor of 3- to 10-fold. Estimates of the background incidence rate for these serious skin reactions in the general population range between 0.5 to 6 cases per million-person years. Therefore, if a patient develops a skin reaction while taking oxcarbazepine, consideration should be given to discontinuing oxcarbazepine use and prescribing another antiepileptic medication.
INTRODUCTION: Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in women, affecting their quality of life. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the combined effect of topical minoxidil and oral spironolactone with the combined effect of topical minoxidil and oral finasteride in women with AGA, female and male hair loss patterns.
METHOD: This clinical study was performed on 60 women suffering from AGA. The patients were divided into two groups receiving spironolactone 100 mg/day and finasteride 5 mg/day. In addition, a 2% minoxidil solution was used in all patients in addition to treatment with finasteride or spironolactone. At 2 months after initiation and at the end of treatment, patients were evaluated using the Ludwig/Norwood-Hamilton scale and the degree of physician and patient satisfaction.
RESULTS: After 2 months, hair density, hair thickness, and hair loss had improved in both groups; however, statistically, there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to these parameters (p > 0.05). After 4 months, a significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of treatment response (physician satisfaction), hair density, and hair loss severity. So that, the drugs used were ineffective in 6.7% of cases in the minoxidil-spironolactone group and in 16.7% of cases in the minoxidil-finasteride group. In addition, 43.3% of cases in the minoxidil-spironolactone group and 53% in the minoxidil-finasteride group responded well to treatment. The treatment effect was excellent in 56.7% and 0% of the mentioned groups, respectively, and the mentioned difference was statistically significant (p: 0.01). The response to treatment in female pattern hair loss (FPHL) was not statistically significant (p: 0.52), but there was a significant difference in the response to both treatments in male pattern hair loss (MPHL; p: 0.007). In terms of patient satisfaction, minoxidil-spironolactone treatment was significantly better than minoxidil-finasteride regarding hair density and severity of hair loss (p: 0.01). Finally, in terms of treatment complications, the patients in two groups did not have any serious adverse effects.
CONCLUSION: The combination of minoxidil and spironolactone could be considered a more effective treatment than the combination of minoxidil and finasteride in women with AGA, FPHL, and MPHL.
1475428 Piperidine sulphonamides and intermediates therefor PFIZER Inc 22 July 1975 [10 Sept 1974] 30698/75 Heading C2C The invention comprises novel compounds of Formulµ III and IV in which R is a 3-(2-methoxy)pyridyl, 3-(2- ethoxy)pyridyl or 2-(4-chloro)pyridyl group. The compounds of Formula IV may be prepared by contacting 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine with an equimolar amount of 2-methoxynicotinyl chloride, 2-ethoxynicotinyl chloride or 4-chloropicolinyl chloride in a reaction-inert solvent in the presence of a base, in water at a temperature of 0‹ to 40‹ C. The compounds of Formula III may be prepared from the compounds of Formula IV either by reducing the latter at a concentration of from 10 to 30% by weight in a reaction-inert solvent with hydrogen at a pressure of 25 to 75 p.s.i.g. and at a temperature of 15‹ to 40‹ C. in the presence of a noble metal catalyst and a substantially equimolar portion of an acid, or by reacting the compound of Formula IV at a concentration of 2 to 5% by weight in a reaction inert solvent, with a substantially equimolar portion of benzyl bromide, benzyl iodide, an α-bromo- or α- iodoxylene, an α-bromo- or α-iodomethylnaphthalene or a mono- or di-substituted derivative thereof wherein the substituent is an alkyl, alkoxy, phenyl or phenoxy group, at reflux temperature to form the corresponding N - substituted- 4 - (2 - pyridylamidoethyl)- pyridinium salt, reacting the said salt at a concentration of 2 to 5% by weight in a reactioninert solvent, with a four-fold molar excess of sodium borohydride, or sodium bis-(2-methoxyethoxy) aluminium hydride or an equivalent amount of lithium aluminium hydride, at a temperature of 0‹ to 5‹ C. to form the corresponding N - substituted - 4 - (2 - pyridylamidoethyl - 1,2,5,6 - tetrahydropyridine, and reacting the latter at a concentration of 2 to 10% in a reaction-inert solvent with hydrogen at a pressure up to 400 p.s.i.g. and a temperature from 40‹ to 75‹ C. in the prescenoe of a noble metal catalyst and an equimolar portion of an acid. The compounds of Formula (III) are used to prepare piperidine sulphonamides of Formula (I) by reaction with a substantially equimolar amount of sulphamide in a reaction-inert solvent, at reflux temperature. The piperidine sulphonamides of Formula (I) may be used to prepare hypoglycemic agents of Formula (II) in which R1 is a bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-ylendo - methyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]hept - 2 - yl - endomethyl, 7 - oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept- 2 - methyl or 1-adamantyl group or a cycloalkyl group having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms by reaction with an equimolar amount of a diphenylcarbamoyl chloride derivative of the appropriate bicyclic amine, or with the appropriate alicyclic isocyanate.
Patients who applied to Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital Diabetes Polyclinics and have an HbA1c levels of \>= 10% in their examinations will be admitted to the study. Detailed history, including medication usage and previous blood tests will be questioned. The patients will be asked to complete questionnaires about their eating patterns (mindful eating questionnaire), their physical activities (General practice physical activity questionnaire), and whether the participants have depression (Beck depression questionnaire). Anthropometric measurements will be taken, and biochemical data will be recorded. Patients will be grouped according to their previous HbA1c values as a) newly diagnosed, b) those whose diabetes was previously controlled, c) those whose diabetes was previously not at the target range but now worsened, and d) those whose diabetes was poorly controlled from the beginning. Diabetes follow-up will be continued by their respective physicians. The patients will be called again three months after their enrollment to record the most recent biochemical data. Patient characteristics (age, gender, educational status, depression status, eating awareness, exercise characteristics) will be evaluated in accordance with the predetermined HbA1c groups. Again, according to the patient groups, the difference in HbA1c after three months, the frequency of reaching the target, and possible factors associated with the findings will be evaluated.