anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rapidly progressing, life-threatening syndrome characterized by excessive immune activation, often presenting as a complex cytokine storm. This hyperactive immune response can lead to multi-organ failure and systemic damage, resulting in an extremely short survival period if left untreated. Over the past decades, although HLH has garnered increasing attention from researchers, there have been few advancements in its treatment. The cytokine storm plays a crucial role in the treatment of HLH. Investigating the detailed mechanisms behind cytokine storms offers insights into targeted therapeutic approaches, potentially aiding in early intervention and improving the clinical outcome of HLH patients. To date, there is only one targeted therapy, emapalumab targeting interferon-γ, that has gained approval for primary HLH. This review aims to summarize the current treatment advances, emerging targeted therapeutics and underlying mechanisms of HLH, highlighting its newly discovered targets potentially involved in cytokine storms, which are expected to drive the development of novel treatments and offer fresh perspectives for future studies. Besides, multi-targeted combination therapy may be essential for disease control, but further trials are required to determine the optimal treatment mode for HLH.
A research assistant system may include a research tool and components and a user interface to discover and evidence answers to complex research questions. The research tools may include components to iteratively perform steps in a research process, including searching, analyzing, connecting, aggregating, synthesizing, and chaining together evidence from a diverse set of knowledge sources. The system may receive an input query and perform a semantic search for key concepts in a text corpus. A semantic parser may interpret the search results. The system may aggregate and synthesize information from interpreted results. The system may rank and score the aggregated results data and present data on the user interface. The user interface may include prompts to iteratively guide user input to explore evidentiary chains and connect research concepts to produce research results annotated by evidence passages.
The intervention for this study will be the completion of an original E-learning module on AOM designed by a team of pediatric residents, pediatricians, a pediatric otolaryngologist, a pediatric emergency physician and a pediatric infectious diseases specialist. The module includes interactive sections on anatomy, epidemiology, pathophysiology, microbiology, diagnostic criteria, treatment options and prognosis. A 5 minute video demonstrating appropriate pediatric ear examination techniques is also included in the module. Throughout the module, many examples of ear pathologies captured on video during a previous study. The E-learning module should take 0.5 hr to complete.
It is one of the core duties of anesthesiologists in our hospital to identify patients with high risk for a post-surgery ICU stay upon hospital admission. We do know that there are two types of factors influencing the possibility of an ICU admission: The patient centered risk e.g. severe preconditions and the surgery centered risk depending on the type of surgery with sometimes high possibility for perioperative complications i.e. bleeding, hemodynamic instability, pulmonary complications etc. However, we do not know the effect size of these factors and, equally important, how they are correlated with one another.

The aim of this study is to model the risk of an ICU stay by patient centered and surgery centered influence factors. If a good model is obtained, this can be utilized for allocating ICU capacities in an objective fashion. The study consists of two phases. In the first phase model selection is performed. In the second phase the developed model will be validated on independent data. Data will be gathered by a data collection sheet completed by the responsible anesthesiologists in all elective and emergency surgery during a specific period of time.
BACKGROUND: Physicians' erroneous assumptions about individuals with intellectual disability (ID) negatively impact the quality of care provided to this population. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Beliefs About Adults with ID (BAID), an instrument we developed for measuring physicians' erroneous assumptions about adults with ID.
METHODS: Two hundred ninety-two American physicians participated. Classical test theory and Rasch measurement theory were used to refine the scale (through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, infit and outfit mean-squares statistics, and differential item functioning) and investigate its psychometric properties (functioning of the response scale, reliability, and validity).
RESULTS: The BAID provided a unidimensional, reliable, valid, and precise measure in assessing high levels of erroneous assumptions. It showed convergent and divergent validity with the different factors of a scale measuring attitudes towards ID. The BAID items were discriminant, non-redundant, unambiguous, and invariant across gender and previous ID training. The BAID response scale was found to be appropriate for measuring physicians' erroneous assumptions about adults with ID.
CONCLUSIONS: BAID is a brief instrument with good psychometric properties to assess erroneous assumptions about adults with ID in physicians of different genders and who have/have not previously received ID training. Therefore, it might be helpful for research and medical education purposes.
This is an observational study to gather data on the utility of tests that are used to make a diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Participant selection will be on a referral basis for the consideration of a clinical suspicion for PCD. Participants will be identified by pulmonary providers that consider testing for PCD based on the clinical symptoms of the participant. These providers will then refer for enrollment in the study based on the clinical considerations for a diagnosis of PCD. Participants will be consented during the time of testing at the Pulmonary department. Any patient referred by a clinician for concerns for PCD, including those who have had PCD genetics sent, or a ciliary biopsy performed will be enrolled in the study. In addition, any participant who is referred for nasal nitric oxide testing and meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this testing, will also need to provide informed consent and be enrolled in the Nasal NO REDCap registry. This equipment is not currently FDA approved or CLIA certified for PCD diagnostic testing and therefore referring clinicians will be informed that the results of this test should not influence clinical decision making regarding the diagnosis of PCD. However, there is growing evidence that this testing has utility as a non-invasive screening tool for PCD and continued data from the general pediatric pulmonary population is needed.
Embryo implantation in humans is surprisingly inefficient and represents a major limiting factor for enhancement of ART success rates (ref 1-2). Successful implantation requires synchronized development between the newly fertilized embryo and the maternal endometrium within a specific window of time. In mammals, this coordinated development is accomplished, in part, by embryonic secretions which alert the body that fertilization has occurred.

One of the earliest proteins produced by the embryo is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Previous research has shown that hCG maintains progesterone production by the ovary, a hormone required for the maintenance of pregnancy. However, very little is known about the direct effect of hCG on the human endometrium. Our laboratory has previously shown that intrauterine infusion of hCG in the non-human primate can induce endometrial changes that mimic the initial stages of early pregnancy (i.e. altered cellular morphology, pre-decidual response and increased glandular activity; ref 3-4). These results suggest that embryo-derived hCG may also act directly upon the endometrium to "prime" it in anticipation of implantation. Research from other labs examining the effect of hCG on endometrial genes in vitro support this hypothesis (ref: 5-9). Additionally, a recent study of women undergoing ART revealed significantly increased implantation and pregnancy rates when the embryo transfer was preceded by intra-uterine infusion of 500IU hCG (ref 10).

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the endometrial response to hCG seen previously in our non-human primate model is also present in women and to characterize this effect. Women who plan to undergo controlled ovarian stimulation for the purpose of egg donation will be eligible to participate in this research. Subjects in experimental group will receive a single intrauterine infusion of hCG (500IU) diluted in IVF media 3 days after oocyte retrieval. Control subjects will receive a single intrauterine infusion of IVF media only. Two days after infusion, both experimental group and control participants will return to the clinic where a sample of endometrial tissue will be obtained via pipelle biopsy and a sample of uterine secretory proteins will be obtained via uterine lavage. The uterine lavage samples will be examined using ELISA/proteomic analysis to determine the effect of hCG on uterine protein secretions. One portion of the endometrial biopsy will be formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded for analysis of morphological and structural changes following hCG exposure. The second portion will be used for cellular and molecular analysis to determine the effect of hCG on genes and proteins of interest.
BACKGROUND: Widespread attention has been given to the detrimental effects of obesity on cognitive function. However, there is no evidence on the connection between low cognitive performance and the WWI (weight-adjusted waist index). This study looked into the connection between poor cognitive performance and the WWI in senior Americans.
METHODS: A cross-sectional research study was carried out with information from the NHANES 2011-2014. With multivariate linear regression models, the pertinence between the WWI and low cognitive function in persons older than 60 years was examined. The nonlinear link was described using threshold effect analyses and fitted smoothed curves. Interaction tests and subgroup analysis were also conducted.
RESULTS: The study had 2762 individuals in all, and subjects with higher WWI values were at greater risk for low cognitive function. In the completely adjusted model, the WWI was positively connected with low cognitive performance assessed by CERAD W-L (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.03-1.45, p = 0.0239), AFT (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.09-1.54, p = 0.0029), and DSST (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.30-1.94, p < 0.0001). The effect of each subgroup on the positive correlation between the WWI and low cognitive performance was not significant. The WWI and low cognitive performance as determined by CERAD W-L and AFT had a nonlinear connection (log-likelihood ratio < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Among older adults in the United States, the risk of low cognitive performance may be positively related to the WWI.
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is characterized by microinflammation and abnormal immune responses, particularly in the upper segment of hair follicles (HFs). However, the precise patterns of immune dysregulation remain unclear, partly due to limitations in current analysis techniques to preserve tissue architecture. The infundibulum, a major part of the upper segment of HFs, is associated with significant clusters of immune cells. In this study, we investigated immune cells around the infundibulum, referred to as peri-infundibular immune infiltration (PII). We employed spatial transcriptome profiling, a high-throughput analysis technology, to investigate the immunological disruptions within the PII region. Our comprehensive analysis included an evaluation of overall immune infiltrates, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), cellular deconvolution, differential expression analysis, over-representation analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, and upstream regulator analysis to identify cell types and molecular dysregulation in immune cells. Our results demonstrated significant differences in immune signatures between the PII of AGA patients (PII-A) and the PII of control donors (PII-C). Specifically, PII-A exhibited an enrichment of CD4+ helper T cells, distinct immune response patterns, and a bias toward a T helper (Th) 2 response. Immunohistochemistry revealed disruptions in T cell subpopulations, with more CD4+ T cells displaying an elevated Th2 response and a reduced Th1-cytotoxic response compared to PII-C. These findings reveal the unique immune landscapes of PII-A and PII-C, suggesting potential for the development of innovative treatment approaches.
THE USE OF DRUGS OF THE TETRACYCLINE CLASS DURING TOOTH DEVELOPMENT (LAST HALF OF PREGNANCY, INFANCY, AND CHILDHOOD TO THE AGE OF 8 YEARS) MAY CAUSE PERMANENT DISCOLORATION OF THE TEETH (YELLOW-GRAY-BROWN).

Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with nearly all antibacterial agents, including doxycycline, and may range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Therefore, it is important to consider this diagnosis in patients who present with diarrhea subsequent to the administration of antibacterial agents. 

Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon and may permit overgrowth of clostridia. Studies indicate that a toxin produced by Clostridiumdifficile is a primary cause of “antibiotic-associated colitis.”

After the diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis has been established, therapeutic measures should be initiated. Mild cases of pseudomembranous colitis usually respond to discontinuation of the drug alone. In moderate to severe cases, consideration should be given to management with fluids and electrolytes, protein supplementation, and treatment with an antibacterial drug clinically effective against Clostridiumdifficile colitis. 

This adverse reaction is more common during long-term use of the drugs but has been observed following repeated short-term courses. Enamel hypoplasia has also been reported. TETRACYCLINE DRUGS, THEREFORE, SHOULD NOT BE USED IN THIS AGE GROUP, EXCEPT FOR ANTHRAX, INCLUDING INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX (POST-EXPOSURE), UNLESS OTHER DRUGS ARE NOT LIKELY TO BE EFFECTIVE OR ARE CONTRAINDICATED.

All tetracyclines form a stable calcium complex in any bone-forming tissue. A decrease in the fibula growth rate has been observed in prematures given oral tetracycline in doses of 25 mg/kg every six hours. This reaction was shown to be reversible when the drug was discontinued.

Results of animal studies indicate that tetracyclines cross the placenta, are found in fetal tissues, and can have toxic effects on the developing fetus (often related to retardation of skeletal development). Evidence of embryo toxicity has been noted in animals treated early in pregnancy. If any tetracycline is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking these drugs, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.

The antianabolic action of the tetracyclines may cause an increase in BUN. Studies to date indicate that this does not occur with the use of doxycycline in patients with impaired renal function.

Photosensitivity manifested by an exaggerated sunburn reaction has been observed in some individuals taking tetracyclines. Patients apt to be exposed to direct sunlight or ultraviolet light should be advised that this reaction can occur with tetracycline drugs, and treatment should be discontinued at the first evidence of skin erythema.
Individualize the dosage of Lopressor tablets. Lopressor tablets should be taken with or immediately following meals.

The usual initial dosage is 100 mg daily in single or divided doses. Adjust dosage at weekly (or longer) intervals until optimum blood pressure reduction is achieved. In general, the maximum effect of any given dosage level will be apparent after 1 week of therapy. The effective dosage range of Lopressor tablets is 100 mg to 450 mg per day. Dosages above 450 mg per day have not been studied. While once-daily dosing can maintain a reduction in blood pressure throughout the day, lower doses (especially 100 mg) may not maintain a full effect at the end of the 24-hour period. Larger or more frequent daily doses may be required. Measure blood pressure near the end of the dosing interval to determine whether satisfactory control is being maintained throughout the day.
AIM: Although many studies have explored the link between inflammatory markers and psychosis, there is a paucity of research investigating the temporal progression in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) who eventually develop full psychosis. To address this gap, we investigated the correlation between serum cytokine levels and Timeframe for Conversion to Psychosis (TCP) in individuals with CHR.
METHODS: We enrolled 53 individuals with CHR who completed a 5-year follow-up with a confirmed conversion to psychosis. Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-1β, 2, 6, 8, 10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured at baseline and 1-year. Correlation and quantile regression analyses were performed.
RESULTS: The median TCP duration was 14 months. A significantly shorter TCP was associated with higher levels of TNF-α (P = 0.022) and VEGF (P = 0.016). A negative correlation was observed between TCP and TNF-α level (P = 0.006) and VEGF level (P = 0.04). Quantile regression indicated negative associations between TCP and GM-CSF levels below the 0.5 quantile, IL-10 levels below the 0.3 quantile, IL-2 levels below the 0.25 quantile, IL-6 levels between the 0.65 and 0.75 quantiles, TNF-α levels below the 0.8 quantile, and VEGF levels below the 0.7 quantile. A mixed linear effects model identified significant time effects for IL-10 and IL-2, and significant group effects for changes in IL-2 and TNF-α.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore that a more pronounced baseline inflammatory state is associated with faster progression of psychosis in individuals with CHR. This highlights the importance of considering individual inflammatory profiles during early intervention and of tailoring preventive measures for risk profiles.
Two 32,000-dalton proteins with inhibin activity were isolated from porcine follicular fluid using heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography, followed by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and then four steps of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Each isolated molecule is composed of two chains having molecular weights of about 18,000 and about 14,000 daltons, respectively, which are bound together by disulfide bonding. Microsequencing revealed the NH2?-terminal portion of the 18K chain of both to be Ser-Thr-Ala-Pro-Leu-Pro-Trp-Pro-Trp-Ser-Pro-Ala-Ala-Leu-Arg-Leu-Leu-Gln-Arg-Pro-Pro-Glu-Glu-Pro-Ala-Val, of one of the 14K chains to be Gly-Leu-Glu-Cys-Asp-Gly-Arg-Thr-Asn-Leu-Cys-Cys-Arg-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Ile-Asp-Phe-Arg-Leu-Ile-Gly-Trp, and of the other 14K chain to be Gly-Leu-Glu-Cys-Asp-Gly-Lys-Val-Asn-Ile-Cys-Cys-Lys-Lys-Gln-Phe-Phe-Val-Ser-Phe-Lys-Asp-Ile-Gly-Trp-Asn-Asp-Trp-Ile-Ile-Ala-Pro. Both proteins have now been completely characterized, each having a first chain 134 residues long linked by disulfide bonding to a second chain 116 or 115 residues long. The first chain is believed to be glycosylated, which accounts for the disparity between the number of residues and the apparent molecular weight of 18K. These 32K proteins specifically inhibit basal secretion of FSH, but not of LH, in a rat anterior pituitary monolayer culture system. The half-maximal effective dose of one is 450 pg/ml and of the other is 900 pg/ml.
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has increased with the aging of the population, but the outcome for elderly SAH patients is very poor. Therefore, predicting the outcome is important for determining whether to pursue aggressive treatment. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a matricellular protein that is induced in the brain, and the plasma levels could be used as a biomarker for the severity of metabolic diseases. This study investigated whether acute-phase plasma PEDF levels could predict outcomes after aneurysmal SAH in the elderly. Plasma samples and clinical variables were collected over 1-3 days, post-SAH, from 56 consecutive elderly SAH patients ≥75 years of age registered in nine regional stroke centers in Japan between September 2013 and December 2016. The samples and variables were analyzed in terms of 3-month outcomes. Acute-phase plasma PEDF levels were significantly elevated in patients with ultimately poor outcomes, and the cutoff value of 12.6 µg/mL differentiated 3-month outcomes with high sensitivity (75.6%) and specificity (80.0%). Acute-phase plasma PEDF levels of ≥12.6 µg/mL were an independent and possibly better predictor of poor outcome than previously reported clinical variables. Acute-phase plasma PEDF levels may serve as the first biomarker to predict 3-month outcomes and to select elderly SAH patients who should be actively treated.
There are a variety of natural family planning (NFP) methods available today that differ in algorithm and biomarkers used to identify women's fertile window. This study will directly evaluate the NFP system known as the Creighton Model FertilityCare System (CrM). The Creighton Model System is a well-established educational system about fertility which involves no devices. The CrM teaches women a standardized way of observing and describing their vaginal discharge each day during routine use of the bathroom, and interpreting the changes in vaginal discharge to determine whether they are likely to be fertile that day or not. Vaginal discharge changes as tracked by the CrM are an accurate indicator of the changes in secretions from the uterine cervix that relate to the approach of ovulation.

This study will also examine the relationship between a couple's stated intentions to achieve or avoid a pregnancy during each menstrual cycle with their sexual behavior during the same cycle. There is growing consensus among researchers that current measures of pregnancy intention are simplistic at best, and at worst can be very misleading. One of the purposes of the study is to explore the multiple dimensions of pregnancy motivations, intentions, and behaviors by newer detailed measures.

This study will enroll couples who are new or returning CrM users and who are trying to avoid a pregnancy at the time they begin use of the CrM. The participants will be recruited from CrM FertilityCare Centers. The design is a prospective cohort study, which is the optimal study design to assess different measures of effectiveness and intendedness simultaneously in a group of NFP users. Several of the key measures of intention and behavior required for this study must be assessed prior to the outcome of actual use of CrM over time and the outcome of pregnancy, to avoid recall bias. Outcomes for this study require relatively precise assessment of the timing of both intentions and behaviors, which is simply unavailable from recall. We plan to enroll at least 300 and up to 400 couples in the study. This represents 60% (300/497) of the estimated available and eligible couples learning the CrM for use to avoid pregnancy in one year at the participating FertilityCare Centers.