anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
An x-ray apparatus comprises an x-ray source and an x-ray detector. Between source and detector is a member perturbing characteristics of x-ray photons. Examples of this include translucent, rotating or moving lamellae, multi-absorption plates (MAP) with regions of different thickness, corrugated memory metal or piezoelectric control of collimator shape. A first database sores signal output values representative of material type and material thicknesses. A second database stores scatter kernels indicative of material type and/or material thicknesses. An algorithm compares the output signal of the x-ray detector with values in the first database to output a most likely material and/or thickness from the first database; selects from the second database the scatter kernels associated with the material type and/or material thickness; and removes the scatter radiation from an output signal of the x-ray detector. The algorithm may also add to the output the scatter signal as if it was direct radiation and iterate.
Changes in geographical environment can lead to alterations in the composition of the host's gut microbiota. However, the dynamic process and specific bacterial composition and patterns of change in the microbiota are not yet clear. In this study, the investigators conducted microbial analysis of the gut microbiota based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in five healthy volunteers living in a plain area (Liaocheng City, Shandong Province) before and after their relocation to a high-altitude region (Gangcha County, Qinghai Province). Samples were collected at multiple time points, including 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after relocation, as well as 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after returning to Liaocheng City from Gangcha County. Additionally, a control group consisting of five local healthy individuals from Gangcha County (matched for age, gender, and ethnicity in a 1:1 ratio) was included. Dietary and lifestyle habits were investigated to determine the impact of environmental changes on the gut microbiota. The study aimed to analyze the diversity and abundance changes of the gut microbiota at different time points and identify specific bacterial compositions through clustering analysis.
The purpose of this study is to better understand the effect of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) on blood flow and biochemistry in the brain. Hypoglycemia is a serious complication of diabetes treatments. It has been previously observed that hypoglycemia causes an increase in blood flow to certain parts of the brain, but it has been difficult to determine which parts of the brain specifically have an increase in blood flow. With new technology, it is now possible to determine the rate of blood flow in very small parts of the brain. The investigator expects that people with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemia unawareness, poorly controlled diabetes, and normal subjects will have different rates of blood flow to different parts of the brain in response to hypoglycemia. Having a greater understanding of how the brain adapts to hypoglycemia may help us develop better ways to treat diabetes more safely.
Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) is a rare X-linked disorder that causes severe neurological damage, for which there is no effective treatment. AHDS is due to inactivating mutations in the thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 that impair the entry of thyroid hormones into the brain, resulting in cerebral hypothyroidism. However, the pathophysiology of AHDS is still not fully understood and this is essential to develop therapeutic strategies. Based on evidence suggesting that thyroid hormone deficit leads to alterations in astroglial cells, including gliosis, in this work, we have evaluated astroglial impairments in MCT8 deficiency by means of magnetic resonance imaging, histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical techniques, and by mining available RNA sequencing outputs. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) imaging values obtained from magnetic resonance imaging showed changes indicative of alterations in brain cytoarchitecture in MCT8-deficient patients (n = 11) compared to control subjects (n = 11). Astroglial alterations were confirmed by immunohistochemistry against astroglial markers in autopsy brain samples of an 11-year-old and a 30th gestational week MCT8-deficient subjects in comparison to brain samples from control subjects at similar ages. These findings were validated and further explored in a mouse model of AHDS. Our findings confirm changes in all the astroglial populations of the cerebral cortex in MCT8 deficiency that impact astrocytic metabolic and mitochondrial cellular respiration functions. These impairments arise early in brain development and persist at adult stages, revealing an abnormal distribution, density, morphology of cortical astrocytes, along with altered transcriptome, compatible with an astrogliosis-like phenotype at adult stages. We conclude that astrocytes are potential novel therapeutic targets in AHDS, and we propose ADC imaging as a tool to monitor the progression of neurological impairments and potential effects of treatments in MCT8 deficiency.
To provide novel stable protracted GLP-1/glucagon receptor co-agonists.SOLUTION: There is provided a glucagon derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof. The glucagon derivative comprises the amino acid sequence of formula I defined by His-X-X-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-X-Ser-X-Tyr-Leu-X-X-X-X-Ala-X-X-Phe-Val-X-Trp-Leu-X-X-X-X. The glucagon derivative also comprises a substituent comprising a lipophilic moiety and at least three negatively charged moieties. One of the negatively charged moieties is distal to the lipophilic moiety. The substituent is attached to the ε position of a lysine residue at one of amino acid positions 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 24, 28, 19 and 30. The glucagon derivative is a C-terminal amide.SELECTED DRAWING: None
BACKGROUND: DNA methylation levels at specific sites can be used to proxy C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, providing a potentially more stable and accurate indicator of sustained inflammation and associated health risk. However, its use has been primarily limited to adults or preterm infants, and little is known about determinants for - or offspring outcomes of - elevated levels of this epigenetic proxy in cord blood. The aim of this study was to comprehensively map prenatal predictors and long-term neurobehavioral outcomes of neonatal inflammation, as assessed with an epigenetic proxy of inflammation in cord blood, in the general pediatric population.
METHODS: Our study was embedded in the prospective population-based Generation R Study (n = 2,394). We created a methylation profile score of CRP (MPS-CRP) in cord blood as a marker of neonatal inflammation and validated it against serum CRP levels in mothers during pregnancy, as well as offspring at birth and in childhood. We then examined (i) which factors (previously associated with sustained inflammation) explain variability in MPS-CRP at birth, including a wide range of prenatal lifestyle and clinical conditions, pro-inflammatory exposures, as well as child genetic liability to elevated CRP levels; and (ii) whether MPS-CRP at birth associates with child neurobehavioral outcomes, including global structural MRI and DTI measures (child mean age 10 and 14 years) as well as psychiatric symptoms over time (Child Behavioral Checklist, at mean age 1.5, 3, 6, 10 and 14 years).
RESULTS: MPS-CRP at birth was validated with serum CRP in cord blood (cut-off > 1 mg/L) (AUC = 0.72). Prenatal lifestyle pro-inflammatory factors explained a small part (i.e., < 5%) of the variance in the MPS-CRP at birth. No other prenatal predictor or the polygenic score of CRP in the child explained significant variance in the MPS-CRP at birth. The MPS-CRP at birth prospectively associated with a reduction in global fractional anisotropy over time on mainly a nominal threshold (β = -0.014, SE = 0.007, p = 0.032), as well as showing nominal associations with structural differences (amygdala [(β = 0.016, SE = 0.006, p = 0.010], cerebellum [(β = -0.007, SE = 0.003, p = 0.036]). However, no associations with child psychiatric symptoms were observed.
CONCLUSION: Prenatal exposure to lifestyle-related pro-inflammatory factors was the only prenatal predictor that accounted for some of the individual variability in MPS-CRP levels at birth. Further, while the MPS-CRP prospectively associated with white matter alterations over time, no associations were observed at the behavioral level. Thus, the relevance and potential utility of using epigenetic data as a marker of neonatal inflammation in the general population remain unclear. In the future, the use of epigenetic proxies for a wider range of immune markers may lend further insights into the relationship between neonatal inflammation and adverse neurodevelopment within the general pediatric population.
Participants assigned to Cohort 2b will receive a high dose prime vaccination of AdC6 vector on Day 1. They will not receive a booster vaccination.
Appendicitis is defined as inflammation of the vermiform appendix and worldwide is the most common reason for emergency abdominal surgery. Globally, the annual incidence is 96.5 to 100 cases per 100 000 adult population. For acute uncomplicated appendicitis, antibiotic therapy has emerged as the primary treatment, often allowing patients to avoid surgery. However, the management of acute complicated appendicitis requires careful consideration of various treatment options.

Complicated appendicitis, characterized by peri-appendiceal phlegmon or abscess formation, presents additional challenges and often requires a more comprehensive treatment approach. Management strategies have evolved to incorporate both conservative and surgical treatments, tailored to the patient's condition. However, for Acute complicated appendicitis with diffuse peritonitis, surgery is the only option. Acute complicated appendicitis with diffuse peritonitis is a severe abdominal emergency that often requires prompt surgical intervention. Traditionally, open appendectomy has been the standard approach. In recent years, laparoscopic appendectomy has gained popularity due to its minimally invasive nature and potential for faster recovery. Despite this, the optimal surgical approach for complicated appendicitis with diffuse peritonitis remains debated, particularly regarding the risk of postoperative complications and recovery outcomes. The primary aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in such cases, focusing on postoperative complications, hospital stay, and other factors influencing surgical outcomes.
Suggested Dosage:1200 mg-3200 mg daily (400 mg, 600 mg or 800 mg tid or qid). Individual patients may show a better response to 3200 mg daily, as compared with 2400 mg, although in well-controlled clinical trials patients on 3200 mg did not show a better mean response in terms of efficacy. Therefore, when treating patients with 3200 mg/ day, the physician should observe sufficient increased clinical benefits to offset potential increased risk. 

The dose should be tailored to each patient, and may be lowered or raised depending on the severity of symptoms either at time of initiating drug therapy or as the patient responds or fails to respond.

In general, patients with rheumatoid arthritis seem to require higher doses of Ibuprofen tablets than do patients with osteoarthritis.

The smallest dose of Ibuprofen tablets that yields acceptable control should be employed. A linear blood level dose-response relationship exists with single doses up to 800 mg [See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGYfor effects of food on rate of absorption]. 

The availability of three tablet strengths facilitates dosage adjustment.

In chronic conditions, a therapeutic response to therapy with Ibuprofen tablets is sometimes seen in a few days to a week but most often is observed by two weeks. After a satisfactory response has been achieved, the patient's dose should be reviewed and adjusted as required.
OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this novel dermal cooling system (DCS) in reducing pigmentation in benign pigmented lesions in Asian patients and its potential side effects.
METHODS: It was a prospective open-label single-center study. Asian patients, with the presence of benign pigmented lesions mainly including lentigines, melasma, nevus spilus, ephelides, café au lait, and seborrheic keratosis were recruited for a novel DCS. The DCS provided localized cooling of the epidermal layer below freezing but was less intense than cryotherapy. Each patient received DCS at Week 0 and repeated at 4-week intervals up to 10 sessions. Global aesthetic improvement scores (GAIS) by blinded physicians and subjects were recorded at 2, 6, and 12 months posttreatment follow-up.
RESULTS: Eighty-one patients were recruited with a total of 305 sessions performed and 1716 lesion sites treated. At 2-month posttreatment, 76.5% and 58.6% treatment sites showed obvious to marked improvement respectively and the improvement sustained at 6 and 12 months. Only minor adverse events were reported. Erythema and edema were the most commonly anticipated effects immediately after treatment. The pain was minimal. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation was only reported in 2.2% (38/1716) treated sites.
CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this study was the first study to demonstrate that this novel DCS was an effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment for benign pigmented lesions in Asians.
FIELD: radiation biology.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to radiation biology, namely prevention and treatment of radiation injuries of animals with using preparations based on substances of microbial, zoogenic and mineral origin. That is ensured by culturing cultures of probiotic microorganisms represented by Escherichia coli str. PL-6, bifidus bacteria B. bifidum str. 1 and B. subtilis str. 3. Then the culture liquid of the test strains is mixed at ratio of 0.5:0.3:0.2 and a mixture of microbial cells is added in amount of 1.5⋅10CFU/mg (E. coli) 0.6⋅10CFU/mg (B.bifidum 1) and 0.4⋅10CFU/mg (B. subtilis 3). Highly dispersed bentonite in amount of 20–30 mg per 100 cmis added to the obtained mixture composition and apizane in amount of 7–10 mg per 100 cmcomposition. Radiation injures are treated by single subcutaneous administration of the preparation in doses of 7–10 cmsmall animals and 15–20 cm of large animals. Preparation is introduced in amount of 8.5–9.5 mg of dry substance per 1 kg of live weight: for prevention – 1–30 days prior to irradiation, and for treatment – 1–10 days after irradiation.EFFECT: group of inventions provides formation of animal organism resistance with preventive and therapeutic application of the preparation.4 cl, 6 ex
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an aspartic acid ester compound useful as a production intermediate for therapeutic medicines of diabetes mellitus by a method having high practicality in good efficiency and high yield by reacting a specific aspartic acid ester with a specific acid chloride in the presence of an inorganic base in an aqueous solvent. SOLUTION: A compound of formula I (Me is methyl) or its salt (e.g. L- aspartic acid-β-methyl ester hydrochloride) is reacted with a compound of formula II [R is a (substituted)aromatic hydrocarbon or the like] (e.g. benzoyl chloride) in the presence of an inorganic base such as sodium carbonate in an aqueous solvent such as water, preferably at 0-30 deg.C for 2-5 hr to provide the objective compound of formula III (e.g. N-benzoyl-L-aspartic acid-β-methyl ester). The compound is useful as a production intermediate for 4-[4-[2-(5-methyl-2- phenyl-4-oxazolyl)ethoxy]benzyl]-3,5-isoxazolidinedione, etc.
Cysteine protease inhibitor S (CST4) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of growth, invasion, and metastasis of a variety of malignancies. However, the potential mechanism behind how CST4 contributes to CST4 in lymph node metastasis (LNM) and tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis of esophageal cancer (EC) cells has not been elucidated previously. Short hairpin RNA technique was utilized to upregulate the CST4 gene expression. Different experiments, including the tubule formation assay and immunofluorescence, were conducted to observe the cellular behavior. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analyses were employed to determine the expression levels of relevant proteins. In our study, we discovered that high expression of CST4 in EC cells had multiple effects. It stimulated cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and caused epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, it also inhibited the apoptosis of EC cells and caused them to stagnate in the G2/M phase. High expression of CST4 promoted the secretion of lymphangiogenic markers (TGFβ1, VEGF, VEGF-C/D) in EC cells. In addition, high expression of CST4 in EC cells not only enhanced the proliferation and migration of HLECs, but also stimulated the lumen formation and F-actin expression and rearrangement of HLECs. The elevated expression of CST4 also facilitated the secretion of p-ERK1/2, MMP9, and MMP-2 in HLECs. However, various tumor-promoting effects of high expression of CST4 on HLECs could be inhibited by VEGF inhibitors in EC cells. Overall, our findings indicate that CST4 plays a significant role in the accumulation, migration, and EMT of EC cells. CST4 can activate the VEGF-MAPK/ERK-MMP9/2 signaling axis to promote LNM and lymphangiogenesis in EC.
Patients receive carboplatin, paclitaxel and cemiplimab-rwlc on day 1 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 3 weeks for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then receive pemetrexed and cemiplimab-rwlc on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo radiation therapy on day 1 of each cycle over 5 treatment fractions. All patients also receive fludeoxyglucose F-18 intravenously and fluorine F 18 florilglutamic acid IV and undergo PET/ CT during screening and on study. Patients also undergo collection of blood samples, as well as CT and MRI throughout the trial.
TMC649128. panel 1: 8 participants receive a q24h regimen at 1000 mg of TMC649128.
BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinitis is when the nasal passages become inflamed and irritated, causing symptoms like nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and postnasal drip that last for at least 12 weeks. While various medical treatments are available for chronic rhinitis, studies have shown that patients often do not comply with the treatment or report that it is ineffective. Cryotherapy for the nasal mucosa is a surgical option that has shown promise for these patients, with acceptable side effects.
AIM: Our goal is to evaluate the existing literature regarding the effectiveness and safety of cryotherapy as a treatment for chronic rhinitis.
METHODS: We searched four electronic databases for relevant studies. Data were extracted from the included studies after screening procedures. Using the random effect model, we calculated the pooled mean difference (MD) for our continuous outcomes and pooled proportions for categorical outcomes. The I2 test was used to detect heterogenicity. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed for methodological quality using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool 2, while observational studies and single-arm studies were assessed using the National Institutes of Health's tools.
RESULTS: Our study comprised 21 studies; eighteen were eligible for analysis, with 1663 patients with chronic rhinitis. All of our assessed outcomes showed improvement with cryotherapy from their baseline status. Our pooled MDs for Total Nasal Symptom Score (rTNSS), Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ), and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores were as follows: ( - 3.58, 95% CI [ - 3.80,  - 3.37], p < 0.001), ( - 1.48, 95% CI [ - 1.68,  - 1.27], p < 0.001), and ( - 26.65, 95% CI [ - 33.98,  - 19.31], p < 0.001), respectively. Regarding nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea, cryotherapy showed effectiveness in 61% and 52% of patients in the complete relief subgroup and 26% and 34% in the < 50%-relief subgroup, respectively.
CONCLUSION: We observed significant improvement in our measured outcomes as rTNSS, RQLQ, and NOSE scores compared to the baseline state, demonstrating the cryotherapy's efficacy. This improvement was consistent in all subsequent follow-up periods. However, we need more high-quality RCTs for stronger evidence to be generalized.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: NASH, characterized by inflammation and fibrosis, is emerging as a leading etiology of HCC. Lipidomics analyses in the liver have shown that the levels of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) are decreased in patients with NASH, but the roles of membrane PC composition in the pathogenesis of NASH have not been investigated. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3), a phospholipid (PL) remodeling enzyme that produces polyunsaturated PLs, is a major determinant of membrane PC content in the liver.
APPROACH AND RESULTS: The expression of LPCAT3 and the correlation between its expression and NASH severity were analyzed in human patient samples. We examined the effect of Lpcat3 deficiency on NASH progression using Lpcat3 liver-specific knockout (LKO) mice. RNA sequencing, lipidomics, and metabolomics were performed in liver samples. Primary hepatocytes and hepatic cell lines were used for in vitro analyses. We showed that LPCAT3 was dramatically suppressed in human NASH livers, and its expression was inversely correlated with NAFLD activity score and fibrosis stage. Loss of Lpcat3 in mouse liver promotes both spontaneous and diet-induced NASH/HCC. Mechanistically, Lpcat3 deficiency enhances reactive oxygen species production due to impaired mitochondrial homeostasis. Loss of Lpcat3 increases inner mitochondrial membrane PL saturation and elevates stress-induced autophagy, resulting in reduced mitochondrial content and increased fragmentation. Furthermore, overexpression of Lpcat3 in the liver ameliorates inflammation and fibrosis of NASH.
CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that membrane PL composition modulates the progression of NASH and that manipulating LPCAT3 expression could be an effective therapeutic for NASH.
BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis is one of the endemic parasitic diseases in many developing countries. Despite this, appendicitis secondary to schistosomiasis is an uncommon condition even in some endemic areas. Schistosomal appendicitis, an incidentally discovered appendicitis associated with schistosomiasis histological findings, affects young males predominantly. Timely diagnosis and treatment, including appendectomy and anti-helminthic therapy, are crucial.
CASE REPORT: A 24-year-old Sudanese male patient presented with abdominal pain. Diagnosed with acute appendicitis, he underwent appendectomy, revealing appendix inflammation with Schistosoma ova in histopathology. Abdominal ultrasound detected no complications. Weakly positive Schistosoma serology was noted, but stool and urine analysis showed no infection evidence. Prescribed praziquantel, patient had 3-year post-op follow-up without complications.
CONCLUSIONS: This case report underscores the significance of including schistosomiasis in the differential diagnosis of appendicitis, particularly in regions where the disease is endemic. It underscores the necessity of histopathological evaluations for accurate diagnosis, emphasizing the potential implications for clinical practice in similar settings.