anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Air pollution is a pervasive environmental threat estimated to cause \~800,000 deaths every year worldwide, mostly due to cardiovascular disease. This proposal addresses a fundamental mechanistic and pharmacologic question about effects of air pollution, which can most effectively be addressed through controlled human exposure experiments: does exposure have epigenetic effects that may have downstream subclinical or clinical consequences, and can adverse effects be safely reduced pharmacologically? Consistent evidence from in- vitro and human studies have shown that exposure to air particulate matter pollution (PM, i.e., fine particles) induces hypomethylation of the DNA, an epigenetic process that can underlie the activation of inflammatory genes and is postulated to link inhalation of PM into the lungs with cardiovascular inflammation and adverse responses. Our goal is to determine whether a pharmacological intervention with methyl-donors (i.e., folic acid, Vitamins B6 \& B12, betaine, methionine, and choline) can avert this DNA methylation loss and mitigate the cardiovascular effects induced by PM exposure. The investigators will use experiments of human controlled exposure to PM - which reproduce conditions of exposure similar to those found in real life in urban environments - to conduct a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. The investigators will test whether pharmacological intervention with methyl-donors attenuates the effects of PM exposure on DNA methylation (Aim 1), mRNA expression \& plasma cytokines (Aim 2), and blood pressure, arterial vasoconstriction, endothelial function, and autonomic control of the heart (Aim 3). The investigators' study is poised to be the first human investigation to translate a wealth of animal data showing that methyl-donors can be used to modulate epigenetic states and avert environmental effects. The investigators have a unique opportunity to achieve this goal because we have access to one of the few facilities worldwide for human controlled-exposure studies, as well as to state-of-the-art resources for epigenetics investigations. The investigators will examine DNA methylation and mRNA expression in T-helper cells from human individuals, a cell type with key roles in determining adverse hypertensive and endothelial responses, as shown in several animal models. The investigators will test the effects of methyl-donors on a battery of cardiovascular endpoints that are highly sensitive to PM exposure. The investigators will explore the use of advanced statistical methods for mediation analyses to understand the relationships among PM, DNA methylation, RNA expression, plasma cytokines, and cardiovascular endpoints. The study will be conducted by an investigative team that has conducted seminal work in all of the research areas on which this proposal is built upon, including environmental epigenetics, cardiovascular effects of PM, and human controlled exposure studies.
Patients will receive 100mg of anakinra subcutaneously once daily for ten days. The drugs should be administered on the same time ± 2 hours every day. All other administered drugs are allowed. In case the patient is discharged home before the completion of 10 days of treatment, it is at the discretion of the investigator to suggest treatment continuation at home. In case such a decision is taken, the patient will be provided the required number of pre-filled syringes for daily self-injection. In this case, the patient should return the empty used syringes within 30 days.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a microsphere capable of releasing the major part of a drug after the lapse of a prescribed period from administration and useful for embedding in the brain especially for suppressing the cerebrovascular spasm. SOLUTION: (A) An aqueous solution containing a drug such as a peptide having a cerebrovascular spasm suppressing action and (B) a water-immiscible solution (e.g. methylene chloride) containing an α-hydroxycarboxylic acid polymer decomposable in the body (e.g. copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid) are emulsified e.g. by ultrasonic irradiation to obtain a W/O-type emulsion. The solution may be incorporated with a buffering agent (e.g. a phosphate buffering agent), an osmotic pressure controlling agent (e.g. glucose) and a water-soluble polymer (e.g. gelatin, arginine or gum arabic) to improve the stability of the drug in the solution. The obtained W/O-type emulsion is emulsified in an aqueous solution using the emulsion as the outer aqueous phase to obtain a W/O/W-type emulsion usable as a microsphere for the delayed release of a drug.
All subjects began open-label treatment with 30 mg aripiprazole on the first day of participation in the current trial. Once a subject stabilized at the 30 mg per day dose, the investigator could adjust the dose within the range of 10 to 30 mg per day as needed (throughout this long-term trial), to manage AEs.
Provided is a Firmicutes strain with anti-cancer activity and anti-cancer use thereof. The strain has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 17114, which belongs to a newly discovered bacterial taxon kin to the genus Bacillus. Also provided are an anti-cancer bacterial preparation using the strain as its active anti-cancer bacteria, a metabolite made from the strain, a pharmaceutical comprising the metabolite, a method for culturing the strain, and anti-cancer use of the preparation, the metabolite and/or the pharmaceutical. Experiment data show that the strain could generate metabolite with anti-cancer activity. As the strain is found in human intestinal tract, it has little to none side effect on human body, making it a better alternative to the existing anti-cancer pharmaceuticals that have considerable side effects and poor patient adaptability and a useful solution for cancer prevention by balancing intestinal microbiota.
The present invention relates to macromolecule products. Compared with the existing congener macromolecule products, the macromolecule products have the advantages of fast cryogenic shrinkage velocity, high intensity and high flexibility. The present invention relates to thermal response macromolecule gel which consists of hydrophobic macromolecule basal bodies and a hydrophilic macromolecule network penetrated through the hydrophobic macromolecule basal bodies. Compared with a pure hydrophobic macromolecule basal body, the macromolecule gel has the advantage of high thermal response sensitivity. Through the combination of two kinds of macromolecules with different characteristics, a plurality of properties of the macromolecule gel are improved. The present invention has a special case that the hydrophobic macromolecule basal bodies are poly N-isopropyl acrylamide, PNIPAAM for short; the macromolecule interpenetrating polymer network is formed by adding a proper quantity of protein into PNIPAAM, and the protein has a special case of gelatin. The macromolecule products can be used for restoring the damaged tissue (such as the blood vessels, the nerve and other similar tissue) in surgical operation and can be used for temperature control medicine conveying systems.
OBJECTIVE: Many psychiatric patients engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Despite this, studies show that psychiatric nurses display a stigma toward patients who engage in self-harm, often due to the fact that nurses report a lack of understanding about the behavior. In addition, nurses can struggle with professional quality of life (ProQOL). The purpose of this study was to provide an educational intervention on NSSI and measure its effects on antipathy as well as to determine if ProQOL has an impact on overall antipathy.
METHODS: A sample of psychiatric nurses was recruited and randomly assigned to either the educational intervention or control group. Both groups took the Self-Harm Antipathy Scale (SHAS) and ProQOL-V; the intervention group was asked to repeat the SHAS immediately following an educational video, and the control was asked to repeat the SHAS at least 2 weeks later. Qualitative data were also collected.
RESULTS: The ProQOL-V CS subscale and pretest SHAS total scores (n = 23, r = -0.432, p = .039) and SHAS Needs Function (NF) (n = 23, r = -0.454, p = .029) showed a significant moderate negative correlation. There was also a significant moderate positive correlation between the ProQOL-V Burnout subscale and SHAS NF pretest scores (n = 23, r = 0.483, r = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS: A relationship between high compassion satisfaction and low antipathy, as well as between high burnout and high antipathy, particularly in the area of understanding the reasons patients self-harm (NF) was found. Educating nurses on the reasons for NSSI may reduce their antipathy. It may also be beneficial to support nurses to prevent burnout.
Here, we report the genomic characterization of a pan drug-resistant (PDR) enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) isolated from an immunocompromised infant who had diarrhea. The isolate belonged to the sequence type (ST) 38, which is a known enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC)/uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) hybrid strain having multi-drug resistance (MDR). The strain carried genes encoding multiple resistances to carbapenems, third-generation cephalosporins, polymyxin, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, sulphonamides, and multiple efflux pump genes. Interspecies horizontal transfer, inter-strain, and clonal spread of these resistances to commensals and pathogens will be worrisome. We are concerned about the spread of such PDR strains. The genomic characterization of such strains will be useful in understanding the genetic makeup of EAEC/UPEC hybrid strains and developing new vaccines/diagnostics and therapeutics.
PDAC patients are categorised as resectable, borderline resectable, locally advanced, metastatic and recurrent. Substantial neoplastic tissue is only available for the resectable group. This is unfortunate as the other groups are those that would benefit the most from molecular characterization and identification of markers, which may be predictive and/or provide therapeutic stratification. For these categories of patients, only fine needle aspiration or small biopsies could be obtained until now. However, the introduction of new needles, specifically designed to acquire larger high quality biopsy samples under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), has now made it possible to test prognostic, predictive and therapeutic stratification markers. However, the applicability of EUS-fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) samples for this purpose has yet to be clinically validated. The working hypothesis of this proposal is that the molecular sub-classification of PDAC on EUS-FNB tissue samples could be applied for prognostic stratification and therapeutic decision strategies in both resectable and unresectable patients using DNA and RNA biomarkers.
Chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), continue to be a global health burden with a rise in incidence and mortality, necessitating a need for the discovery of novel biomarkers for HCC detection. This study aimed to identify novel non-invasive biomarkers for these different liver disease states. We performed untargeted metabolomics in plasma (Healthy = 9, NAFLD = 14, Cirrhosis = 10, HCC = 34) and saliva samples (Healthy = 9, NAFLD = 14, Cirrhosis = 10, HCC = 22) to test for significant metabolite associations with each disease state. Additionally, we identified enriched biochemical pathways and analyzed correlations of metabolites between, and within, the two biofluids. We identified two salivary metabolites and 28 plasma metabolites significantly associated with at least one liver disease state. No metabolites were significantly correlated between biofluids, but we did identify numerous metabolites correlated within saliva and plasma, respectively. Pathway analysis revealed significant pathways enriched within plasma metabolites for several disease states. Our work provides a detailed analysis of the altered metabolome at various stages of liver disease while providing some context to altered pathways and relationships between metabolites.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a disease of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract due to disturbance of the inflammation and immune system. Symptoms of IBD include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, reduced weight, and fatigue. In IBD, the immune system attacks the intestinal tract's inner wall, causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage. In particular, interlukin-6 and interlukin-17 act on immune cells, including T cells and macrophages, to amplify the immune responses so that tissue damage and morphological changes occur. Of note, excessive calorie intake and obesity also affect the immune system due to inflammation caused by lipotoxicity and changes in lipids supply. Similarly, individuals with IBD have alterations in liver function after sustained high-fat diet feeding. In addition, excess dietary fat intake, along with alterations in primary and secondary bile acids in the colon, can affect the onset and progression of IBD because inflammatory cytokines contribute to insulin resistance; the factors include the release of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and changes in intestinal microflora, which may also contribute to disease progression. However, interfering with de novo fatty acid synthase by deleting the enzyme acetyl-CoA-carboxylase 1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) leads to the deficiency of epithelial crypt structures and tissue regeneration, which seems to be due to Lgr5+ intestinal stem cell function. Thus, conflicting reports exist regarding high-fat diet effects on IBD animal models. This review will focus on the pathological basis of the link between dietary lipids intake and IBD and will cover the currently available pharmacological approaches.
BACKGROUND: Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has the potential to benefit graft function following kidney transplantation by reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, the current clinical evidence is inconclusive. This meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA) aimed to determine whether RIC improves graft function after kidney transplantation.
METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases until June 20, 2023, to identify all randomized controlled trials that examined the impact of RIC on graft function after kidney transplantation. The primary outcome was the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) post-kidney transplantation. The secondary outcomes included the incidence of acute rejection, graft loss, 3- and 12-month estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR), and the length of hospital stay. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on RIC procedures (preconditioning, perconditioning, or postconditioning), implementation sites (upper or lower extremity), and graft source (living or deceased donor).
RESULTS: Our meta-analysis included eight trials involving 1038 patients. Compared with the control, RIC did not significantly reduce the incidence of DGF (8.8% vs. 15.3%; risk ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-1.21, P = 0.25, I2 = 16%), and TSA results showed that the required information size was not reached. However, the RIC group had a significantly increased eGFR at 3 months after transplantation (mean difference = 2.74 ml/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI: 1.44-4.05 ml/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%), with a sufficient evidence suggested by TSA. The secondary outcomes were comparable between the other secondary outcomes. The treatment effect of RIC did not differ between the subgroup analyses.
CONCLUSION: In this meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis, RIC did not lead to a significant reduction in the incidence of DGF after kidney transplantation. Nonetheless, RIC demonstrated a positive correlation with 3-month eGFR. Given the limited number of patients included in this study, well-designed clinical trials with large sample sizes are required to validate the renoprotective benefits of RIC.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Number CRD42023464447).
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of fetal position, kangaroo care, combined fetal position with breast milk and breast milk, and kangaroo care in reducing pain during heel blood collection in preterm newborns. The sample of the study will consist of late preterm newborns who meet the inclusion criteria of the study. It is envisaged that 40 babies will be included in the sample for each group. Randomization will be done in order to provide an equal number of samples for the intervention and control groups in the study. In the randomization to be made, the "simple randomization method" will be used in order to provide equal samples for all three groups. The data of the study will be collected by the clinical nurse working as a nurse in the clinic where the research is conducted, in accordance with the randomization scheme. Physiological parameters of all babies will be monitored on the monitor during the interventions. During the research, all groups will be video-recorded for 10 minutes before the procedure, during the procedure and for 5 minutes after the procedure. After the data of the study are collected, all video recordings will be examined by two researchers (a neonatal intensive care nurse and a neonatal intensive care specialist) and PIPP-R The scale will be filled in by these two independent observers. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) will be used for the quantitative variables of the research determined by measurement, and descriptive statistics (number, percentage) will be used for the qualitative variables determined by counting. The conformity of the data to be used with the normal distribution will be determined by the Shapiro-Wilk test. In paired comparisons between variables with two categories such as gender, t-test, Analysis of Variance will be applied to find the differences between variables with three or more categories such as group. Paired-sample t-test will be applied between dependent groups for the features that are significant as a result of the analysis of variance. Mann Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test and correlation analyzes will be used to evaluate the relationships between dependent and independent variables. Results will be evaluated at 95% confidence interval and p\<0.05 significance level.
Adolescents ≥12 to \<17 years of age. Dose to be determined from Cohort 1 Part A.
Computerized systems and methods for digital histopathology analysis are disclosed. In one embodiment, a series of deep learning networks are used that train, in succession, on datasets of successively increasing relevance. In some examples, learned parameters from at least a portion of one deep learning network are transferred to a next deep learning network in a succession of deep learning networks. In some examples, at least one of the deep learning networks includes a self-supervised learning network. In some examples, at least one of the deep learning networks includes an attention-based learning network. These and other examples and details are disclosed herein in various contexts including, for example evaluating genotypes of cancer tissue (e.g., bladder, prostate, or lung cancer) using histopathology images. In some examples, the context is to assist in predicting presence or absence of certain cancer genotypes and/or predicting patient responses to a new treatment.
INTRODUCTION: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is the consequence of a disturbed gastro-intestinal microbiome. Certain probiotic strains (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745, Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) DSM 17,938, the combination of L. rhamnosus 19070-2 and L. reuteri DSM 12,246) reduce the duration and severity of diarrhea.
AREAS COVERED: Relevant literature was sourced from PubMed and CINAHL. Important reviews until 2021 were summarized in tables. New evidence for pro-, pre-, syn- and postbiotics in AGE was searched for. Postbiotics offer advantages regarding product stability and show accumulating evidence. Heterogeneity in studies regarding the in- and exclusion criteria, primary and secondary endpoints, type, dose, timing and duration of biotic administration limits the evidence.
EXPERT OPINION: Development of a core outcome set for children with AGE would be beneficial, as its application would increase the homogeneity of the available evidence. The vast majority of the 'biotics' is registered as food supplement. Regulations for food supplements prioritize safety over efficacy, making them considerably more tolerant compared to the regulation for registration as medication. We recommend that at least one randomized controlled trial is published with the commercialized product before marketing the product, despite the fact that legislation regarding food supplements requires only safety data.
GlyNAC 200 mg/kg/day (100mg glycine and 100mg N-acetyl-cysteine) will be administered orally in two divided doses each day for four weeks prior to TKA and six weeks postoperatively. The preparation will be a commercially available product of 1:1 ratio of glycine and N-acetyl-cysteine.
Osteoporosis is a common disease around the world. The morbidity and mortality attributed to osteoporosis is due to fracture. The evidence shows that vitamin D is effective in preventing osteoporotic fracture, however, adherence to vitamin D is low among people with osteoporosis (20%-60%). The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) has been found useful to describe, explain, and predict changes in health behaviours in a variety of setting. Based on HAPA, mini-videos will be developed aiming to increase vitamin D adherence in people with osteoporosis. Mini-videos will address self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, risk perception and action and coping plan. This pilot study aims to evaluate the recruitment and participants' feedback about the mini-videos.
A system is disclosed that uses profiles of users, including monitored ketone levels of the users, to assess effectiveness levels of health programs (such as weight loss programs) assigned to the users, and to select health program modifications for the users. The system may use a machine learning (artificial intelligence) algorithm to adaptively learn how to classify users and to select messaging and behavioral modifications for the users. For example, in some embodiments the system classifies the users and provides associated health program recommendations using a computer model trained with expert-classified user data records. As another example, a set of rules may be used to generate the health program recommendations and related messaging, and the set of rules may automatically be modified over time based on feedback data reflective of health program effectiveness levels produced by such rules. In some embodiments the system includes a mobile application that runs on mobile devices of users and communicates wirelessly with breath analysis devices of the users. The mobile application may also communicate with a server-based system that generates the health program recommendations.
In the single experimental arm, patients with locally nonresectable disease were subjected to receive neoadjuvant tislelizumab (200mg) plus chemotherapy (FP regimen) for conversion therapy. If conversion therapy succeeds, patients would proceed to surgery and adjuvant therapy. Otherwise, if patients were still not resectable after the conversion therapy, they will be treated by tislelizumab plus chemotherapy with or without palliative radiotherapy .
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease involving multiple systems. About 1 in every 6,000-10,000 people in TSC suffer from tuberous sclerosis, and children in the neurology department are diagnosed with developmental delay or seizures, and about 2/3 have no positive family history. Nearly 2 million people worldwide suffer from TSC, and there are about 200,000 in China.