anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: As psychologically based interventions have been shown to have clinical utility for adults with chronic pain generally, a similar benefit might be expected in the management of chronic neuropathic pain (NeuP). However, to date, this has not been established, with existing systematic reviews on this topic being hampered by the scarcity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This review aimed to identify the type of psychologically based interventions studied for adults with chronic NeuP. It also aimed to assess whether there are enough RCTs to justify undertaking an updated systematic review.
METHODS: Seven databases and 2 clinical trial registries were searched for NeuP and psychologically based interventions from database inception to December 2021, and the search was updated in February 2023. The search was broadened by reviewing the reference list of included studies and contacting field experts. Predetermined study characteristics were extracted.
RESULTS: Of 4682 records screened, 33 articles (less than 1%) met the eligibility criteria. Four broad intervention approaches were observed, including cognitive-behavioral approaches (n = 16), mindfulness/meditation (n = 10), trauma-focused therapy (n = 4), and hypnosis (n = 3). Thirteen RCTs were identified, and of these, 9 retained 20 participants in each arm after treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive-behavioral therapy was the most common therapeutic approach identified, whereas mindfulness/meditation was the most frequently used technique. Almost half to two-thirds of the studies reported significant improvements in pain, disability, or distress, which suggests that psychologically based interventions are potentially beneficial for adults with chronic NeuP. An updated systematic review seems warranted.
STUDY REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework (https://osf.io) (December 6, 2021; DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/WNSTM).
Participants randomized to this group will receive both Metformin and lifestyle intervention.Participants randomized to treatment with MET will start at a dose of 500 mg orally at night and slowly titrated in 2-week intervals to ensure that each patient achieves maximum insulin-sensitizing effects of the drug while minimizing the chance of side effects. Investigators will also recommend that MET be taken with food to minimize side effects. If a participant's BMI percentile \<5% (=underweight) his/her treatment with MET will be discontinued. Although the risk of low vitamin B12 while taking MET is associated with age \> 50 years and having type II diabetes, Investigator will monitor B12 levels and a CBC throughout study participation.
BACKGROUND: Mediterraneibacter gnavus is a Gram positive, non-sporulated, obligate anaerobe diplococci. It was first described in 1974 by Moore et al. (under the name Ruminococcus gnavus) from faeces and contents of the gastrointestinal tract of humans. It is a relatively common member of the human gut microbiota, nevertheless its role as a pathogenic bacterium has not been completely elucidated yet and it seems to depend on numerous factors, including those of the host. Here we present a case of prosthetic joint infection following total knee arthroplasty by M. gnavus.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 74 years old patient was admitted to the emergency department presenting with acute onset of left knee pain and swelling 20 days after total left knee arthroplasty. Follow-up revealed erythema and oedema without signs of fluctuation or purulent discharge from the surgical wound and elevated inflammatory reactants. Synovial fluid was taken for bacterial culture and antibiotic treatment with ceftazidime and daptomycin was established. Examination of the synovial fluid revealed abundant polymorphonuclear leucocytes, without visualizing bacteria. After four days of incubation, anaerobic culture exhibit growth of small, grey, umbilicated colonies in pure culture on Schaedler agar. The microorganism was identified as R. gnavus by MALDI-TOF (Bruker Daltonics) and M. gnavus by 16S ribosomal bacterial sequencing. The isolated showed susceptibility to the most commonly used anaerobicidal antibiotics except for clindamycin. Surgical treatment and infection source control included DAIR (debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention) and vacuum assisted therapy. The patient was discharged after six weeks with a 3-month course of oral amoxicillin as consolidation therapy. Subsequent follow-up revealed adequate wound healing with no signs of infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Mediterraneibacter gnavus have been reported as the causal microorganism in a range of human infections, nevertheless its identification remains challenging. Infection of prosthetic joints by anaerobic microorganisms is uncommon and is not considered in its empirical antibiotic treatment, thus, correct and swift identification of anaerobic bacteria in these cases is paramount.
BACKGROUND: Asthma is a common disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the lower airways, bronchial hyperactivity, and (reversible) airway obstruction. The Global Initiative of Asthma Guideline recommends a flowchart to diagnose asthma with first-step spirometry with reversibility and a bronchial challenge test (BPT) with histamine or methacholine as a second step [1]. The BPT is considered burdensome, time-consuming for patients and staff, can cause side effects, and is expensive. In addition, this test strongly encumbers lung function capacity. Elevated Nitric Oxide (NO) is associated with airway eosinophilic inflammation in asthma patients and can be measured in exhaled air with the Fractional exhaled (Fe) NO-test. This low-burden FeNO-test could be used as an 'add-on' test in asthma diagnostics [2, 3].
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This multi-center prospective study (Trial number: NCT06230458) compares the 'standard asthma diagnostic work-up' (spirometry with reversibility and BPT) to the 'new asthma diagnostics work-up' (FeNO-test as an intermediate step between the spirometry with reversibility and the BPT), intending to determine the impact of the FeNO-based strategy, in terms of the number of avoided BPTs, cost-effectiveness and reduced burden to the patient and health care. The cost reduction of incorporating the FeNO-test in the new diagnostic algorithm will be established by the number of theoretically avoided BPT. The decrease in burden will be studied by calculating differences in the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) -score and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) -score after the BPT and FeNO-test with an independent T-test. The accuracy of the FeNO-test will be calculated by comparing the FeNO-test outcomes to the (gold standard) BPTs outcomes in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The intention is to include 171 patients.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The local medical ethics committee approved the proposed study and is considered a low-burden and risk-low study. The local medical ethics committee registration number: R23.005.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY: Strengths: This is the first study that investigates the value of the FeNO-test (cut off ≥ 50 ppb) as an add-on test, to determine the impact of the FeNO-based strategy, in terms of the number of avoided BPTs, cost-effectiveness, and reduced burden on the patient and health care.
LIMITATIONS: High FeNO levels may also be observed in other diseases such as eosinophilic chronic bronchitis and allergic rhinitis. The FeNO-test can be used to rule in a diagnosis of asthma with confidence, however, due to the poor sensitivity it is not suitable to rule out asthma.
An object of the present invention is to provide a medical-information management network system in which image display devices placed in a facility are used effectively. Workstations (4A to 4N) are connected with the medical-information management server (21) on a network (22) so as to construct a network system. An information manager (51a) included in the medical-information management server (21) collects equipment information, which is transferred from the workstations (4A to 4N), such as the number of pieces of used capsule endoscopes and the number of times a battery (35) for a receiving device (3) is used. Thus, the information manager 51a can unify the management of the available quantities or the usage statuses of the capsule endoscope and the battery (35) in the facility, and re-order timings can be predicted. Furthermore, pieces of unit-identification information of the capsule endoscope, the receiving device (3), and the workstations (4A to 4N), which are used for an examination of each subject, are collected by the medical-information management server (21) and managed in a unified way. Thus, the traceability of these equipments can be secured.
BACKGROUND: Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a diagnostic challenge with highly heterogeneous causes. Its etiology can change according to the studied regions, and the chance of reaching a diagnosis depends on available resources. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics, etiology and the usefulness of diagnostic aids in cases of FUO managed over 12 years in a Colombian reference center.
METHODOLOGY: Single-institution retrospective case series. All cases of FUO between 2006 and 2017 were identified with the help of an electronic medical record search software. Cases of adults with fever for more than three weeks who remained undiagnosed after three days of hospitalization are described.
RESULTS: Of 1,009 cases evaluated, 112 cases met the inclusion criteria (median age 43 years, 66% men). The etiologies identified were infectious (31.2%), inflammatory (20.5%), neoplastic (14.3%), and miscellaneous (2.7%) diseases. 31.2% remained without etiological diagnosis. The most frequent conditions were tuberculosis (17%), Hodgkin's lymphoma (7.1%), systemic lupus erythematosus (6.3%), disseminated histoplasmosis, and adult Still's disease. Contrast tomography and biopsies were the studies that most frequently supported or confirmed the final diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS: This series of contemporary Latin American cases suggests that the categories of FUO etiologies are similar to those reported in studies from developed countries, with tuberculosis being the most frequent cause in our setting. Our results highlight the importance of tomography-guided invasive studies in the diagnostic approach to FUO.
Dose escalation is a 3+3 design, including a Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT) evaluation period. The RDE of etrumadenant will be determined in this part with escalating doses of etrumadenant in combination with standard doses of carboplatin/pemetrexed chemotherapy regimen in participants with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.
NRL001 at 5, 7.5, and 10 mg administered in a dose escalating manner with placebo in a random position in the sequence. NRL001 is contained in either a 1 g or a 2 g slow release rectal suppository.
This invention presents a method for preparing casein-based silica dual drug-loaded composite microcapsule. Recently, casein has shown good application prospects in the field of medicine due to its good biocompatibility and unique cavity structure. However, research on preparation of casein-based dual drug-loaded microcapsules is still rarely reported. In this invention, dual drug-loaded casein microcapsules is obtained via interfacial polymerization method, where drug-loaded casein can be used as outer shell material in capsule, and silica is served as inner shell in the capsule. In the obtained microcapsule, drugs can not only be loaded in the inner cavity, but also in casein shell. Application of the dual drug-loaded microcapsules in the treatment of diseases is expected to reduce the number of dose to a certain extent and improve the therapeutic effect.
No carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or fertility studies have been conducted with the combination of azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone or with chlorthalidone alone. However, these studies have been conducted for azilsartan medoxomil, azilsartan and M-II.

Azilsartan medoxomil

Carcinogenesis:Azilsartan medoxomil was not carcinogenic when assessed in 26-week transgenic (Tg.rasH2) mouse and 2-year rat studies. The highest doses tested (450 mg azilsartan medoxomil/kg/day in the mouse and 600 mg azilsartan medoxomil/kg/day in the rat) produced exposures to azilsartan that are 12 (mice) and 27 (rats) times the average exposure to azilsartan in humans given the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD, 80 mg azilsartan medoxomil/day). M-II was not carcinogenic when assessed in 26-week Tg.rasH2 mouse and 2-year rat studies. The highest doses tested (approximately 8000 mg M-II/kg/day (males) and 11,000 mg M-II/kg/day (females) in the mouse and 1000 mg M-II/kg/day (males) and up to 3000 mg M-II/kg/day (females) in the rat) produced exposures that are, on average, about 30 (mice) and 7 (rats) times the average exposure to M-II in humans at the MRHD. 

Mutagenesis:Chlorthalidone demonstrated no potential for mutagenic effects at non-cytotoxic concentrations and is considered not to pose a mutagenic risk to humans. 

Azilsartan medoxomil, azilsartan, and M-II were positive for structural aberrations in the Chinese Hamster Lung Cytogenic Assay. In this assay, structural chromosomal aberrations were observed with the prodrug, azilsartan medoxomil, without metabolic activation. The active moiety, azilsartan, was also positive in this assay both with and without metabolic activation. The major human metabolite, M-II was also positive in this assay during a 24-hr assay without metabolic activation.

Azilsartan medoxomil, azilsartan, and M-II were devoid of genotoxic potential in the Ames reverse mutation assay with Salmonella typhimuriumand Escherichia coli, the in vitroChinese Hamster Ovary Cell forward mutation assay, the in vitromouse lymphoma (tk) gene mutation test, the ex vivounscheduled DNA synthesis test, and the in vivomouse and/or rat bone marrow micronucleus assay. 

Impairment of Fertility:Chlorthalidone at a dosage of 100 mg/kg had no effect on fertility in rats .There was no effect of azilsartan medoxomil on the fertility of male or female rats at oral doses of up to 1000 mg azilsartan medoxomil/kg/day [6000 mg/m 2(approximately 122 times the MRHD of 80 mg azilsartan medoxomil/60 kg on a mg/m 2basis)]. Fertility of rats also was unaffected at doses of up to 3000 mg M-II/kg/day.
The invention incorporates a network and modules to register and monitor a group leader and a plurality of participants for a specific group activity, each remotely located from each other and a group physiological state server. Each of a plurality of module and individual registration information of each participant is stored in the form of data in memory on the server and individual participant data is stored at each participant's location. The second module monitors and processes real-time physiological measurements for each of the participants in the specific group activity. A third module tracks a physiological state of the participants, and fourth module evaluates and applies artificial intelligence to provide real-time feedback concerning the physiological state of the group or of an individual. A fifth module may also be employed to provide feedback pertaining to the group leader's physiological state in relation to the overall group physiological state.The Smart Meditation and Physiological system invention is an advanced group meeting network where meditation brain waves, alpha-meditation and stress, beta-concentration and intellectual activity, gamma-focus and engagement, theta-attention span (such as if subscribers are drifting off to sleep during a session) are recorded and analyzed, yielding collective neurological information to guide the host, physician, instructor, or motivational speaker real-time feedback during a group session.Moreover, the invention aids in evaluating and facilitating group meditation and yields emotional information of one or more individual participants to monitor the effectiveness of an individual and or group meeting, or a religious prayer session, as well as providing physiological information. It is also a health maintenance diagnostic system all-in-one that continually monitors the health of each individual user in real-time and provides an overall assessment of the effectiveness of the session, a media presentation, or a group meeting, and the information is easily accessible to the host and or to all parties within the group, if desired, housed in a cloud-based system. The information allows the instructor, clergy, or host to perfect and or curtail their next sermon, conference, class, or motivation talk to a particular audience.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a permanent wave solution for permanent wave and curl harmless to human bodies, not impairing natural environment, adjusting the tip of the curled hair to keep it for a long period. SOLUTION: This solution is composed of a first liquid and a second liquid. The first liquid is obtained by passing water through an ion exchange resin, passing the treated water through the either one component of a mixture of tourmaline with at least one metal among aluminum, stainless steel and silver and at least one rock among obsidian, perlite and pitch stone and then passing the treated water through the other component and aerating the treated water so as to have alkalinity of pH >=8.0 and mixing the alkaline water with sodium bicarbonate and L-cysteine or cystine. The first liquid can beautifully curl the hair up to the tip. The second liquid is obtained by mixing the aerated water with citric acid, ume apricot extract and L-cysteine or cystine. The second liquid can fix the curl for a long time.
AIM: Methamphetamine (METH) chronic exposure is an important risk factor for hypertension development. However, the mechanisms behind METH-induced hypertension remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the potential mechanisms underlying METH-induced hypertension.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We structured the mouse hypertension model by METH, and observed that METH-treated mice have presented vascular remodeling (large-and small-size arteries) with collagen deposit around the vessel and increasing blood pressure (BP) and Sigma1 receptor (Sigmar1) in vascular tissue. We hypothesized that Sigmar1 is crucial in METH-induced hypertension and vascular remodeling. Sigmar1 knockout (KO) mice and antagonist (BD1047) pretreated mice exposed to METH for six-week showed higher BP and more collagen deposited around vessels than wild-type (WT) mice exposed to METH for six-week, in contrast, mice pretreated with Sigmar1 agonist (PRE-084) had unchanged BP and perivascular collagen despite the six-week METH exposure. Furthermore, we found that METH exposure induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into the myofibroblast-like cell and secrete collagen into surrounding vessels. Mechanically, Sigmar1 can suppress the COL1A1 expression by blocking the classical fibrotic TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway in METH-exposed VSMCs and mesenchymal stem cells.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Sigmar1 is involved in METH-induced hypertension and vascular fibrosis by blocking the activation of the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Accordingly, Sigmar1 may be a novel therapeutic target for METH-induced hypertension and vascular fibrosis.
Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy increases risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight and cesarean section. To against these adverse events, vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and lactation is recommended, but dose ranges are varied. Then, this study is carried out in lactating mothers and their breastfed infants with maternal 25 Hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) levels of 10-30 ng/ml in third trimester. Subjects are divided into 2 groups, one is randomly assigned to 1,800 IU/d compared with maternal and infant controls receiving placebo. Maternal serum 25OHD and milk VitD will be measured by LC-MS/MS during lactation, and on cord blood at 6 weeks breastfed infants. This study is submitted for ethical consideration by relevant Ethics committee.
When comparing the proposed study dose to current literature, the initial study dose of 80,000 Units administered once per week is equivalent to an individual dose of 1142 Units/kg body weight for a 70 kg patient. It is also common in clinical practice for anemic cancer patients to be treated with a dose of PROCRIT (Epoetin alfa) of 40,000 Units weekly. This study was an open-label, non-randomized pilot study of cancer patients with non-myeloid malignancies with a hemoglobin \< = 11 g/dL planned to receive at least 12 weeks of chemotherapy. The objective of the study was to evaluate the hematologic response, safety, and clinical outcomes of PROCRIT (Epoetin alfa) at 80,000 Units given subcutaneously (under the skin) once weekly in anemic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. If, at any time the hemoglobin was \> 13 g/dL, PROCRIT (Epoetin alfa) therapy was held until the hemoglobin was \<= 12 g/dL, then resumed at 60,000 Units once weekly. The dose was also reduced if the hemoglobin rose by \> 1.3 g/dL in a 2 week period.

Additionally, the incidence of anti-erythropoietin antibodies at baseline and at end of study/early withdrawal in study patients who have received a minimum of two or more doses of PROCRIT (Epoetin alfa) over at least a one-month period was evaluated. Rarely, antibodies to erythropoietin may form in patients who have some types of diseases (e.g., autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, anemia of chronic disease) or in response to exposure to erythropoietin products such as Epoetin alfa necessitating discontinuation of the erythropoietin agent and medical treatment that may include blood transfusions. Hemoglobin level, vital signs (blood pressure) and occurrence and severity of adverse events was assessed throughout the study. PROCRIT (Epoetin alfa) was given at a dose of 80,000 Units subcutaneously (under the skin) for 12 weeks. The PROCRIT (Epoetin alfa) dose was monitored throughout the study and the dose was withheld or reduced as necessary to maintain hemoglobin level and rate of hemoglobin rise.
Upadacitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. JAKs are intracellular enzymes which transmit signals arising from cytokine or growth factor-receptor interactions on the cellular membrane to influence cellular processes of hematopoiesis and immune cell function. Within the signaling pathway, JAKs phosphorylate and activate signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) which modulate intracellular activity including gene expression. Upadacitinib modulates the signaling pathway at the point of JAKs, preventing the phosphorylation and activation of STATs. 

JAK enzymes transmit cytokine signaling through their pairing (e.g., JAK1/JAK2, JAK1/JAK3, JAK1/TYK2, JAK2/JAK2, JAK2/TYK2). In a cell-free isolated enzyme assay, upadacitinib had greater inhibitory potency at JAK1 and JAK2 relative to JAK3 and TYK2. In human leukocyte cellular assays, upadacitinib inhibited cytokine-induced STAT phosphorylation mediated by JAK1 and JAK1/JAK3 more potently than JAK2/JAK2 mediated STAT phosphorylation. The relevance of inhibition of specific JAK enzymes to therapeutic effectiveness is not currently known.
The Bexxar therapeutic regimen is delivered in two sets of intravenous infusions given 7-14 days apart. Nonradioactive Tositumomab is given before both the "dosimetric" infusion and the "therapeutic" infusion to improve distribution of these doses throughout the body. A trace amount of radioactive Iodine 131 Tositumomab is initially given to enable physicians to evaluate the clearance of radiation from the subject's body with gamma camera scans. Calculations made on the basis of these individualized radiation clearance rates allow the therapeutic dose (given 7-14 days after the dosimetric infusion) to be tailored for each patient. The therapeutic dose contains Tositumomab labeled with the amount of Iodine 131 tositumomab specifically calculated based on the scans performed following the dosimetric dose.