anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE:To provide a remedy for dementia having extremely low toxicity and high safety and composed of TOKI-SHAKUYAKU-SAN known as a Chinese herb drug. CONSTITUTION:The objective remedy for dementia is effective in promoting the synthesis of nicotineacethylcholine receptor and the synthesis of norepinephrine in cerebral cortex and remedying dementia, and is composed of a solution of TOKI-SHAKUYAKU-SAN which is a drug applied to various diseases such as cold constitution, anemia and stomach ache. Dried powdery extract of TOKI-SHAKUYAKU-SAN can be prepared by extracting 3-8 pts.wt. of SHAKUYAKU (root of Paeonia albiflora), 2-6 pts.wt. of JUTSU (rhizome of Atractylodes lancea), 2-8 pts.wt. of TAKUSHA (bulb of Alisma plantago- aquatica), 2-6 pts.wt. of BUKURYO (sclerotium of Poria cocos), 2-5 pts.wt. of SENKYU (rhizome of Cnidium officinale) and 2-5 pts.wt. of TOKI (root of Angelica acutiloba) with about 10 times volume of hot water, filtering the extracted liquid an drying the filtrate. The powder is converted into a drug preparation by conventional method to obtain the objective remedy for dementia.
PURPOSE:To obtain a hepatic dysfunction preventive agent or a functional food, available from a raw material, derived from natural products and having high safety according to simple extracting operation without using chemicals dangerous to human bodies and effective in preventing and treating the hepatic dysfunction without any side effects. CONSTITUTION:A hepatic dysfunction preventive agent or a functional food having preventive action on hepatic dysfunction, containing a tea extract separated from tea leaves with water, an alcohol or a mixture solution thereof as an extracting solvent as an active ingredient and having the aforementioned effects is obtained. Furthermore, raw leaf parts may directly be used as the tea leaves or dried for use. Tea prepared by, as necessary, fermenting the tea leaves, then steaming, rolling or twisting and drying the tea leaves, e.g. green tea, 'SENCHA' (green tea or middle grade), toasted green tea, oolong tea or black tea may be used. Extraction is carried out by adding 500-5000 pts.wt. solvent to, e.g. 100 pts.wt. dried tea leaves. The resultant extract solution is concentrated until the amount of the tea extract ingredient attains 30-50wt.%.
The invention discloses a functionalized unnatural chiral amino acid compounds with quaternary carbon centers and a preparation method thereof. In the invention, a Rhodococcus erythropolis AJ270 microbial system is taken for catalytic hydrolysis of prochiral malonamide compounds with different substituent groups so as to obtain corresponding unnatural amino acids with an amide group. The dosage of the Rhodococcus erythropolis can be adjusted according to the dosage of a substrate. The reaction solvent is a common buffer solution with a pH value of 6.0-8.0, and the reaction is performed at 20-37DEG C for 0.1-120h. The Rhodococcus erythropolis microbial catalytic system has the characteristics of fermentable cultivation and convenient preservation. The method for preparing monoamide carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid through bioconversion has the characteristics of simple operation, high efficiency reaction, mild reaction conditions, high enantioselectivity, easy separation of products, and high product purity, and can be used for synthesis of other unnatural chiral amino acids with a quaternary carbon center.
On days preceding surgery, 5 to 10 mg orally, 3 or 4 times daily. If used as preoperative medication, 50 to 100 mg IM 1 hour prior to surgery.

  
For the relief of withdrawal symptoms of acute alcoholism, the parenteral form is usually used initially. If the drug is administered orally, the suggested initial dose is 50 to 100 mg, to be followed by repeated doses as needed until agitation is controlled up to 300 mg per day. Dosage should then be reduced to maintenance levels.

*See package insert for Sterile Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride.
Removal of lipid from lipid-bound protein such as human serum albumin to produce defatted protein enhances ability of the protein to bind therapeutic agents for use as a carrier for the therapeutic agent. The defatted protein may be reloaded with cationic and/or anionic lipids such as fatty acids, e.g. DC-Chol, to modify charge, hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the defatted protein to further enhance ability of the defatted protein to bind a therapeutic agent. A reloaded lipid itself may be a therapeutic agent. The defatted protein may be produced as microparticles by spray-drying. Defatting can be achieved by removing fatty acids with acidified activated charcoal, or by solvent extraction. A complex of DNA and a microparticle of defatted protein containing a cationic or anionic lipid molecule can be used for gene therapy. Defatted albumin may be reloaded with aminocaprylic acid to provide a microparticle for binding DNA for parenteral delivery. Microparticles of defatted protein having a modified predetermined fatty acid profile may be used as an enhanced ultrasound contrast agent.
Paracetamol overdose is one of the most common medical emergencies. Annually in the UK, 100,000 people seek medical attention and 50,000 need hospital admission. Treatment is with the antidote acetylcysteine (NAC), which is effective but takes 21 hours to administer intravenously and frequently produces adverse reactions. Paracetamol is the commonest cause of acute liver failure and directly kills around 200 people/year in the UK. Management of paracetamol overdose is estimated to cost around £48 million/year to the NHS.

Current tools that are used to decide who needs treatment are inadequate. This trial team have identified and validated new blood tests that accurately identify those patients at risk of liver injury by quantifying the fundamental in vivo toxicity mechanisms. Over the last 4 years the team have published data in leading journals such as The Lancet, Lancet Gastroenterology (the MAPP Trial), Hepatology and Clinical Pharmacology \& Therapeutics. The current gold standard marker, serum Alanine Aminotransferase Test (ALT) activity, lacks both sensitivity and specificity for early liver injury. This has resulted in being able to qualify 3 new liver biomarkers in over 1,200 patients (microRNA-122 (miR-122), High Mobility Group Box protein 1 (HMGB1) and keratin-18 (K18)) and demonstrated they predict liver injury at first presentation to hospital with high accuracy at a time when ALT is still normal.

This project develops a new point-of-care (POC) test for circulating microRNA specifically for the detection of liver damage after paracetamol overdose. The team have developed the microRNA biomarker (miR-122) to the point where it has received formal regulatory support from the USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). The proposed assay has backing from worldwide clinical opinion leaders and pharma partners such as AstraZeneca, GSK and Novartis. The engineering solution for POC microRNA detection is underpinned by robust pilot data and field-leading expertise. The current assay for miR-122 is PCR following extensive sample preparation which is too slow for acute clinical decision making and for dose-escalation decisions. To address this key roadblock (as identified by the FDA) the team will use electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). the trial team have over 10 years of experience in EIS-based POC test development. Pilot data demonstrate that EIS can detect miR-122 spiked into buffer and distinguish patients with DILI (high miR-122) from healthy subjects (low miR-122).
BACKGROUND: Children exposed prenatally to alcohol or cannabinoids individually can exhibit growth deficits and increased risk for adverse birth outcomes. However, these drugs are often co-consumed and their combined effects on early brain development are virtually unknown. The blood vessels of the fetal brain emerge and mature during the neurogenic period to support nutritional needs of the rapidly growing brain, and teratogenic exposure during this gestational window may therefore impair fetal cerebrovascular development.
STUDY DESIGN: To determine whether prenatal polysubstance exposure confers additional risk for impaired fetal-directed blood flow, we performed high resolution in vivo ultrasound imaging in C57Bl/6J pregnant mice. After pregnancy confirmation, dams were randomly assigned to one of four groups: drug-free control, alcohol-exposed, cannabinoid-exposed or alcohol-and-cannabinoid-exposed. Drug exposure occurred daily between Gestational Days 12-15, equivalent to the transition between the first and second trimesters in humans. Dams first received an intraperitoneal injection of either cannabinoid agonist CP-55,940 (750 µg/kg) or volume-equivalent vehicle. Then, dams were placed in vapor chambers for 30 min of inhalation of either ethanol or room air. Dams underwent ultrasound imaging on three days of pregnancy: Gestational Day 11 (pre-exposure), Gestational Day 13.5 (peri-exposure) and Gestational Day 16 (post-exposure).
RESULTS: All drug exposures decreased fetal cranial blood flow 24-hours after the final exposure episode, though combined alcohol and cannabinoid co-exposure reduced internal carotid artery blood flow relative to all other exposures. Umbilical artery metrics were not affected by drug exposure, indicating a specific vulnerability of fetal cranial circulation. Cannabinoid exposure significantly reduced cerebroplacental ratios, mirroring prior findings in cannabis-exposed human fetuses. Post-exposure cerebroplacental ratios significantly predicted subsequent perinatal mortality (p = 0.019, area under the curve, 0.772; sensitivity, 81%; specificity, 85.70%) and retroactively diagnosed prior drug exposure (p = 0.005; AUC, 0.861; sensitivity, 86.40%; specificity, 66.7%).
CONCLUSIONS: Fetal cerebrovasculature is significantly impaired by exposure to alcohol or cannabinoids, and co-exposure confers additional risk for adverse birth outcomes. Considering the rising potency and global availability of cannabis products, there is an imperative for research to explore translational models of prenatal drug exposure, including polysubstance models, to inform appropriate strategies for treatment and care in pregnancies affected by drug exposure.
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a fulminant disease characterised by rapid progression to multiorgan failure. However, streptococcal TSS manifesting as uterine necrosis (UN) is unusual. Here, we present a case of a woman in her 30s with a constellation of symptoms, including abdominal pain, fatigue and fever. Despite an initially unclear clinical picture, she rapidly developed shock with radiographical evidence of intrabdominal arterial narrowing with spurious multiorgan infarctions and ischaemic colitis. Exploratory laparotomy uncovered unexpected UN requiring hysterectomy. Multiple complications ensued, marked by shock liver, acute renal failure, cutaneous desquamation and distal gangrene. This case highlights a unique presentation of streptococcal TSS as UN and emphasises the rapidly deteriorating nature of the disease.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Influenza is a common cause of acute respiratory infection, with headache being one of the symptoms included in the European Commission case definition. The prevalence of headache as a symptom of influenza remains unknown. We aimed to describe the incidence and prevalence of headache in patients with influenza.
METHODS: All consecutive patients who met the definition criteria of influenza-like illness during the influenza seasons 2010-2011 through 2021-2022 were included. The seasonal cumulative incidence of influenza per 1000 patients at risk and the prevalence of headache as an influenza symptom were calculated, including the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were done based on patients' sex, age group, microbiological confirmation, vaccination status, and influenza type/subtype/lineage.
RESULTS: During the study period, 8171 patients were eligible. The incidence of headache in the context of influenza varied between 0.24 cases per 1000 patients (season 2020-2021) and 21.69 cases per 1000 patients (season 2017-2018). The prevalence of headache was 66.1% (95% CI = 65.1%-67.1%), varying between 49.6% (season 2021-2022) and 80.1% (season 2010-2011). The prevalence of headache was higher in women (67.9% vs. 65.7%, p = 0.03) and higher in patients between 15 and 65 years old. Headache was more prevalent in patients infected with B subtypes than A subtypes (68.7% vs. 56.9%, p < 0.001). There were no notable differences regarding vaccination status or microbiological confirmation of the infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Headache is a common symptom in patients with influenza, with a prevalence higher than that observed in other viral infections.
This will be a single center, controlled, single blind (examiner blind), randomized, two-treatment arm, parallel design, clinical study in participants (aged 18-65 years), with good general health (non-smokers) and generalized mild-moderate plaque-induced gingivitis and greater than equal to (\>=) 20 natural teeth. The study consists of 4 study visits. At Visit 1, Screening, after signing informed consent, participants will be assessed for eligibility based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria and will undergo oral soft tissue (OST) and oral hard tissue (OHT) assessments. Participants will return between 1 and 28 days following the screening visit for the Visit 2, baseline where they will undergo, a full OST examination followed by assessments of gingival inflammation (MGI), gingival bleeding (BI) and supra-gingival plaque (TPI). Eligible participants will be stratified based on gender and baseline mean whole mouth MGI score (low: less than equal to (\<=) 2.00/High greater than (\>) 2.00), to ensure a balance of gingivitis across both treatment groups and then randomized to study product. All randomized participants will receive full mouth dental prophylaxis (followed by flossing) to remove sub and supra-gingival calculus, stain, plaque and debris from the teeth. All participants will enter the treatment period with no visible plaque (TPI=0). After all clinical assessments, participants will be instructed to brush for 1 timed minute at site with their assigned study product, after which they will be instructed to continue using this twice daily (morning and evening) for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks the participants will return to site for their Week 2 (Visit 3) assessments. They will then continue using their test dentifrice for a further week and will continue to record all brushing events in the diary provided, after which they will return for their Week 3 (Visit 4) assessments. All assessments will be carried out on the facial and lingual/palatal surfaces of each incisor, canine, pre-molar and molar, excluding third molars. After the Week 3 visit, study closeout procedures will take place and the participant may undergo an additional prophylaxis if it is deemed necessary by the examiner. Adverse events and incidents will be recorded from informed consent and at the end of each study visit.
Biallelic pathogenic variants in ZNF335 are one of the genetic causes of microcephaly, reported only in the past decade. It regulates neural progenitor proliferation and neurogenesis by interacting with a H3K4 methyltransferase complex. Biallelic pathogenic ZNF335 variants predispose to neuronal cell death and aberrant differentiation, thus causing secondary microcephaly. These neurodevelopmental anomalies lead to imaging findings in the cortex, posterior fossa, and basal ganglia. We report an individual of Nepalese ancestry with a novel homozygous ZNF335 variant (c.3591 + 2dup) (p.?) (NM_022095.3) which on further RNA analysis confirmed a splice site variant in intron 23. The patient presented with primary microcephaly with atrophic cerebral hemispheres, oversimplification of gyri, basal ganglia, and corpus callosal atrophy. Literature review on the topic revealed a spectrum of brain abnormalities, which can present either with a primary or secondary microcephaly depending upon the underlying genetic variant.
The present invention relates to a medicine composition for adjusting blood fat. The present invention contains simvastatin, pantethine and flavonoid. Dressings or additive agents which are allowed by pharmacy are added. The medicine composition can be applied to the preparation of medicine for improving the content of cholesterol in blood and the preparation of an improving agent for lipid in blood. Researches prove that the medicine composition of the present invention can obviously reduce the content of cholesterol in blood; the effect of the medicine composition is better than the effect of each ingredient singly used; the dosage of the simvastatin can be reduced, and therefore, the adverse reaction caused by taking a large amount of the medicine for a long time can be greatly reduced. The present invention provides medicine for treating hyperlipoidemia with outstanding curative effect for the clinic.
PURPOSE: To increase the number of the ova produced during the ovulation period of female animals by dosing sheep follicle stimulating hormone (oFSH) at a specific dose to the animals according to the kinds of the animals. CONSTITUTION: The amt. of the sheep follicle stimulating hormone (oFSH) or its deriv. or its biological precursor is measured by unit titer (u) and the oFSH is dosed in an amt. of about 20 to 40u in one time to sheep or goat. In case of dosage to bovine, the oFSH is dosed at least in three times at regular intervals in the equal dose of at least three times a day in the total amt. of about 20 to 60u according to the sizes of the animals.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an orphan disease with a delayed diagnosis and markedly elevated mortality from right heart failure. Despite nearly a dozen FDA-approved drugs for PAH, median survival is only seven years. All approved therapies target one of three vasodilatory pathways, and none are disease modifying. This study has two objectives: 1) Understand dynamic and static relationships between molecular markers and PAH progression and resilience; 2) Identify molecular features of PAH risk and resilience in individuals harboring a PAH-causing mutation. It is unknown why some at risk individuals develop PAH and others do not. BMPR2 mutations are present in about 30% of patients with PAH but clinical penetrance is only 20%. Unaffected BMPR2 mutation carriers (UMCs) are a unique and understudied population that may also provide clues to disease trajectory in patients with clinical PAH. Longitudinal natural history studies with molecular profiling in PAH are lacking. Most molecular profiling studies in PAH are cross-sectional which limits understanding of how disease progression and disease markers relate over time. The Investigators propose a strategy of dense clinical and molecular phenotyping at multiple timepoints to overcome inferential limitations of cross-sectional studies. This application will leverage the clinical and research infrastructure built at Vanderbilt over the past 35 years in our study of PAH patients. The investigators share an extensive published record of recruiting patients with this rare disease and related UMCs. The Investigators hypothesize that a comprehensive understanding of risk and resilience over time in patients and genetically susceptible individuals will provide insight into disease severity and identify novel therapeutic targets in patients with PAH. Aim 1 will identify static and dynamic molecular features of disease progression and resilience. 1a: Perform serial clinical, proteomic, and gene expression profiling in HPAH, IPAH, and healthy controls 3 times over 4 years. Bioinformatic and network medicine analyses will identify proteins and RNAs associated with changes in clinical outcomes, functional capacity, and RV function in the parent cohort and two external validation cohorts.1b: Test whether adding molecular risk/resilience markers will improve the performance of a widely used PAH risk prediction tool (REVEAL 2.0 Risk Score). Aim 2 will identify the clinical and molecular factors that promote resilience and susceptibility to PAH in a longitudinal cohort of UMCs. UMCs will undergo serial clinical and molecular phenotyping as in Aim 1. Proteins/genes that mirror PAH are "risk factors" and those that mirror a healthy population are "resilience factors". Explanatory models will be developed and tested in validation cohorts. The Investigators will test UMC risk and resilience features for associations with clinical outcomes in PAH patients and risk prediction performance. These studies will identify signatures of risk and resilience to PAH progression and penetrance, offering an initial step toward personalizing care and surveillance guided by biologic data.
This is the second control arm of the study. This includes receiving the novel/experimental smoking cessation messaging program after completing the 3-month follow-up survey. Therapy description withheld to protect the integrity of the study.
In the ongoing arms race between rice and Magnaporthe oryzae, the pathogen employs effectors to evade the immune response, while the host develops resistance genes to recognise these effectors and confer resistance. In this study, we identified a novel Pik allele, Pik-W25, from wild rice WR25 through bulked-segregant analysis, creating the Pik-W25 NIL (Near-isogenic Lines) named G9. Pik-W25 conferred resistance to isolates expressing AvrPik-C/D/E alleles. CRISPR-Cas9 editing was used to generate transgenic lines with a loss of function in Pik-W25-1 and Pik-W25-2, resulting in loss of resistance in G9 to isolates expressing the three alleles, confirming that Pik-W25-induced immunity required both Pik-W25-1 and Pik-W25-2. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and split luciferase complementation assays showed interactions between Pik-W25-1 and the three alleles, while Pik-W25-2 could not interact with AvrPik-C, -D, and -E alleles with Y2H assay, indicating Pik-W25-1 acts as an adaptor and Pik-W25-2 transduces the signal to trigger resistance. The Pik-W25 NIL exhibited enhanced field resistance to leaf and panicle blast without significant changes in morphology or development compared to the parent variety CO39, suggesting its potential for resistance breeding. These findings advance our knowledge of rice blast resistance mechanisms and offer valuable resources for effective and sustainable control strategies.
The concept of mesenteric anatomy has been evolving in cognition. With the continuous development of endoscopic techniques, the submicroscopic structures of many mesenteries have been gradually understood, ultimately confirming the ubiquitous presence of mesenteries in the digestive organs. Based on various domestic and foreign mesenteric anatomical theories and combined with years of clinical practice, we have summarized and proposed a new concept and theory-vascular-guided complete mesenteric resection for gastric cancer. The theoretical basis is that, from the perspective of the embryonic development of the digestive tract, the rotation of the digestive tract and its associated mesentery is always centered on blood vessels. Therefore, the supply vessels and digestive tracts and their associated mesentery are naturally connected. The mesentery is a complex structure that encompasses blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic tissues. The blood vessels serve as the boundary of the mesentery, ensuring that the lymphatic network that drains the tumor is maximally resected. This article focuses on the complete mesenteric resection margins in gastric cancer surgery, that is, the lateral boundary of the mesentery as the vascular-supplied guided resection boundary and its mesentery, and the base boundary as the mesenteric bed. Using precise vascular guidance to define the extent of mesenteric resection will help accurately define the mesenteric margin during radical resection for different stages of gastric cancer.