anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Excess insulin administration may cause hypoglycemia and hypokalemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3, 5.6)]. Mild episodes of hypoglycemia usually can be treated with oral glucose. Adjustments in drug dosage, meal patterns, or exercise may be needed. More severe episodes with coma, seizure, or neurologic impairment may be treated with intramuscular/subcutaneous glucagon or concentrated intravenous glucose. Sustained carbohydrate intake and observation may be necessary because hypoglycemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery. Hypokalemia must be corrected appropriately.
Glaucoma is a group of optic nerve diseases characterized by progressive and irreversible degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. There are different opinions on the pathogenesis of glaucoma, which further reflects that the mechanism of glaucoma optic nerve injury is still in the exploratory stage, and there is still a long way to go to develop effective drugs to prevent or reverse the visual function damage in patients with glaucoma. Therefore, on the basis of previous studies, our research group explored and expanded whether there were similar pathological changes in patients with clinical glaucoma not only in aqueous humor, but also in blood and tear samples, and further studied the mechanism. Three kinds of samples (aqueous humor, blood and tears) were collected from patients with primary glaucoma and age-related cataract treated in Sun Yat-sen Eye Center of Sun Yat-sen University. Normal people with matched age and sex were recruited as normal control group (normal control group only collected blood and tear samples). Three methods of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (FI-ICP-MS), metabonomics and genomics were used to study the concentration changes of patients with primary glaucoma in three kinds of body fluid samples, and the related factors were analyzed combined with clinical data, so as to provide a new theoretical basis for studying the pathogenic mechanism and new prevention pathway of primary glaucoma.
OBJECTIVES: Menstrual disorders are among the most prevalent health issues among young female students studying in health science faculties. This study aimed to provide insights into the menstrual patterns among medical faculty students and determine whether stress can be a risk factor for its various disorders.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Faculties of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy at the Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria, between October and November 2022. A total of 980 female students anonymously completed the identification of menstrual problems and the perceived stress scale (PSS) questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS-25.
RESULTS: The mean age of students was 21.52 ± 2.06 years. The most common menstrual disorders in this study were dysmenorrhea (88%), and premenstrual syndrome (87%). A total of 82% had mild to moderate stress, 10% had high stress, and 8% had low stress. Moderate to high perceived stress was associated with an increased risk of PMS (OR = 1.79, P = 0.0037).
CONCLUSION: These findings stress the importance of universities, especially health science faculties, establishing protocols for early detection and intervention in students with stress and menstrual disorders. Implementing stress reduction education and timely counseling, along with preventive measures, is crucial for students' well-being. Further research is needed to refine interventions for this group.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a significant global health concern, necessitating ongoing research and innovation in the quest for improved disease management. Traditional markers for monitoring HIV progression and the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy have limitations in capturing the intricate immune responses and inflammatory dynamics in people with HIV. In recent years, the concept of inflammation ratios has gained prominence as a valuable tool for assessing and understanding the complex interplay between inflammation, immune function, and HIV. In this abstract, we provide an overview of the emerging field of utilizing inflammation ratios in the context of HIV and its implications for disease monitoring and therapeutic strategies. These ratios, such as the CD4/CD8 ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, offer a more comprehensive assessment of an individual's immune status and inflammatory state. By exploring the clinical implications of inflammation ratios, including their potential to predict disease complications and guide personalized treatment approaches, this publication sheds light on the potential benefits of incorporating inflammation ratios into routine HIV care. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of ongoing research in this field to further refine our understanding of the utility and significance of inflammation ratios in improving the lives of people with HIV.
A total of 1956 subjects were randomly divided into three groups at a ratio of 1:1:1, 652 subjects in each group were vaccinated with the test vaccine or the control vaccine on a schedule of 0, 3, 7, 14, 28 days (a total of 5 doses). Blood samples were collected from the subjects for antibody detection on 0, 7/14, 35/42 days, respectively.
In patients with prevalent or incident atrial fibrillation (AF) after successful transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) enrolled in the EdoxabaN Versus standard of care and theIr effectS on clinical outcomes in pAtients havinG undergonE Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation - in Atrial Fibrillation (ENVISAGE-TAVI AF) trial, the incidence of ischemic stroke (IS) and any stroke was numerically less in the edoxaban group than in the vitamin K antagonist (VKA) group. The present study aimed to identify risk factors associated with IS in an on-treatment subanalysis in patients from ENVISAGE-TAVI AF who received ≥1 dose of edoxaban or VKA. Baseline patient characteristics were compared in patients with and those without IS. Numerical variables were compared using a 1-way analysis of variance; categorical variables were compared using Fisher's exact test. Stepwise Cox regression determined patient characteristics associated with the first IS event. Of 1,377 patients, 41 (3.0%) experienced an IS, and 1,336 (97.0%) did not; baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were well balanced between groups. Most ISs occurred within 180 days of TAVI for edoxaban (57.9%) and VKA (68.2%). The rate of IS was 2.0/100 person-years for edoxaban versus 2.7/100 person-years for VKA. Independently associated with IS were history of systemic embolic events (hazard ratio 2.96, 95% confidence interval 1.26 to 7.00, p = 0.01) and pre-TAVI use of VKAs (hazard ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 4.20, p = 0.02). In conclusion, although the overall incidence of IS was small for patients with AF on edoxaban or VKA after successful TAVI, patients with a history of systemic embolic events or pre-TAVI use of VKAs may be at greater risk of IS after TAVI.
Babies in this group did not receive any treatment. A light touch was applied for ethical reasons. FLACC pain scale, SPO2, and pulse oximetry were evaluated and recorded 5 min before and 2 min after vaccination, immediately before vaccination, immediately after vaccination (pain during the procedure), and 2 and 5 min after the procedure.
Invasive bacterial infections and sepsis are persistent global health concerns, complicated further by the escalating threat of antibiotic resistance. Over the past 40 years, collaborative endeavors to improve the diagnosis and critical care of septic patients have improved outcomes, yet grappling with the intricate immune dysfunction underlying the septic condition remains a formidable challenge. Anti-inflammatory interventions that exhibited promise in murine models failed to manifest consistent survival benefits in clinical studies through recent decades. Novel therapeutic approaches that target bacterial virulence factors, for example with monoclonal antibodies, aim to thwart pathogen-driven damage and restore an advantage to the immune system. A pioneering technology addressing this challenge is biomimetic nanoparticles-a therapeutic platform featuring nanoscale particles enveloped in natural cell membranes. Borne from the quest for a durable drug delivery system, the original red blood cell-coated nanoparticles showcased a broad capacity to absorb bacterial and environmental toxins from serum. Tailoring the membrane coating to immune cell sources imparts unique characteristics to the nanoparticles suitable for broader application in infectious disease. Their capacity to bind both inflammatory signals and virulence factors assembles the most promising sepsis therapies into a singular, pathogen-agnostic therapeutic. This review explores the ongoing work on immune cell-coated nanoparticle therapeutics for infection and sepsis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Invasive bacterial infections and sepsis are a major global health problem made worse by expanding antibiotic resistance, meaning better treatment options are urgently needed. Biomimetic cell-membrane-coated nanoparticles are an innovative therapeutic platform that deploys a multifaceted mechanism to action to neutralize microbial virulence factors, capture endotoxins, and bind excessive host proinflammatory cytokines, seeking to reduce host tissue injury, aid in microbial clearance, and improve patient outcomes.
As individuals are identified as appropriate participants for the Program and consent is obtained, the care team for each person, consisting of both medical and caregiver staff, will define up to three specific care area goals and related tasks for treatment. A comprehensive spasticity management program will then be developed for the individual. Clinical and outcome assessments at baseline and at follow-up will include measures of range of motion, global spasticity according to a modified Ashworth scale, and the time and number of staff required for the task. In addition, video will be obtained of caregivers performing each participant's care area tasks at baseline and follow-up to allow an independent external reviewer to judge task difficulty. Treatment will be provided as outlined by the spasticity management plan. Follow-up evaluations will be conducted when the participant is at least one year from their initial Botulinum injection, or are one year post-implant for ITB participants. When the participant is exited from the study, Survey Physician will be asked to rate the overall impact of the Program on each of the individual's care area tasks.
Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as emerging regulators of a wide variety of biological processes via diverse mechanisms, have been demonstrated to be of increasing importance in biology. Genome-wide association studies of tumor samples have identified several lncRNAs as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors in various types of cancers. In recent years, the importance of lncRNAs, especially in endometrioid cancer (EEC), has become increasingly well understood. The lncRNA Forkhead box P4 antisense RNA 1 (FOXP4-AS1) has been reported to fulfill roles in several types of cancers; however, the main biological function and associated underlying molecular mechanism of FOXP4-AS1 in EEC have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study therefore aimed to investigate how RNA FOXP4-AS1 may participate in the development and progression of endometrioid carcinoma tissues. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the expression level of FOXP4-AS1 was investigated in endometrioid carcinoma tissues and matching nearby normal endometrial tissues collected from patients receiving surgery at the hospital. A series of molecular biological assays were performed to investigate the effect of FOXP4-AS1 on cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell invasion. Results: An increased concentration of FOXP4-AS1 was identified in endometrioid carcinoma samples and cell lines compared with the corresponding controls, and this lncRNA was found to be positively correlated with advanced FIGO stages in patients with endometrial cancer. Furthermore, knocking down endogenous FOXP4-AS1 led to a significant reduction in the colony formation number and a significant inhibition of cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell invasion in endometrioid carcinoma cells. Moreover, dual-specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5), which is lowly expressed in endometrioid carcinoma tissues cells and negatively modulated by FOXP4-AS1, was identified as the downstream target molecule of FOXP4-AS1. Subsequently, the mechanistic experiments confirmed that, through binding to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2; one of the catalytic subunits of polycomb repressive complex 2 [PRC2]), FOXP4-AS1 could epigenetically suppress the expression of DUSP5. Finally, the oncogenic function of the FOXP4-AS1/EZH2/DUSP5 axis in endometrioid carcinoma was confirmed via rescue assays. Conclusions: The findings of the present study have highlighted how FOXP4-AS1 fulfills an oncogenic role in endometrioid carcinoma, and targeting FOXP4-AS1 and its pathway may provide new biomarkers for patients with endometrioid carcinoma.
BACKGROUND: Gout, a prevalent form of inflammatory arthritis, has a complex etiology where the causal relationship between metabolites and the disease remains underexplored. This study aims to elucidate the impact of genetically determined blood metabolites on gout.
METHODS: Employing a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis, we examined the association between 1400 blood metabolites and gout. Causal associations were determined using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method with false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Sensitivity analyses encompassed weighted models, MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO approaches. MR-pleiotropy and Cochran's Q statistic were utilized to evaluate potential heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Additionally, metabolic pathway analyses were conducted to pinpoint relevant pathways.
RESULTS: Of the initial 4 serum metabolites identified, 3 known metabolites-hexanoylglutamine levels, mannose content, and the phosphate to mannose ratio-were found to be causally associated with gout, along with 55 serum metabolites identified as potential predictors of gout (PIVW < 0.05). Furthermore, we discovered 3 metabolic pathways implicated in gouty attacks.
CONCLUSION: Our findings, derived from Mendelian randomization, indicate that the identified metabolites and pathways may serve as biomarkers for clinical screening and prevention of gout. Additionally, they offer novel insights into the mechanisms of the disease and potential drug targets. Key points • Conducted a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study involving 1400 blood metabolites to explore their genetic impact on gout development and progression • Identified three key metabolites-hexanoylglutamine, mannose, and the phosphate-to-mannose ratio-with causal associations to gout, highlighting their potential use as biomarkers for early detection and risk stratification • Discovered 55 additional serum metabolites as potential predictors of gout, offering new insights into the pathophysiology of the disease and identifying high-risk individuals • Revealed three novel metabolic pathways involved in gout attacks, providing new therapeutic targets for precision medicine in gout treatment.
BACKGROUND: The masseteric nerve (MN) is often used as a donor nerve for facial reanimation. In addition to already established techniques, MN transfer is rapidly gaining importance, mainly due to the single-stage approach of the procedure and its reconstructive potential. This anatomical study and the associated questionnaire study aimed to evaluate the established methods for identification of the MN and its suitability for direct nerve transfer as well as to assess the importance of MN transfer in the daily clinical routine.
MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: Bilateral dissection of 25 fresh-frozen head specimens (n=50; 13 female, 12 male) was performed with accompanying measurement of the MN. In a questionnaire study conducted at established centres for facial surgery in German-speaking countries, clinical experience data of MN transfer was collected using the SurveyMonkey software. The data obtained was statistically analysed using Microsoft Excel and presented in numerical tables and boxplots.
RESULTS: Using anatomical landmarks such as the zygomatic arch and the mandibular notch for orientation, the MN was found in 100% of cases. Its average length from the emerging point below the zygomatic arch towards its entry into the masseter muscle was measured to be 22 mm and was the length available for nerve transposition. Tension-free coaptation of the MN with the zygomatic branch was possible in 94% of cases. The questionnaire showed that the MN is considered an important donor nerve for motor nerve transfers and that MN transfer is now largely established as a standard procedure.
DISCUSSION: In accordance with previously published studies, the MN was reliably found at the height of the mandibular notch and, in the vast majority of cases, was suitable for tension-free coaptation with the zygomatic branch. Differences to the existing literature, however, can be seen in the length of the nerve available for nerve transposition and the frequency of its division into several branches before entering the masseter muscle. In German-speaking countries, Cross-Face Nerve Grafting (CFNG) is still the preferred method for facial reanimation surgery. However, MN transfer is also well established by now, both as an alternative and a supplement to other techniques, possibly due to its low donor site morbidity and short time to regeneration.
The participants will undergo a standard tumescent liposuction to harvest adipose tissue. The adipose tissue will then be processed for obtain the Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells (SVF Cells) for a single injection for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Before the procedure, hair measurements will be performed in the 2cm x 2cm site for density (number of hairs per square centimeter) and thickness (mm) of the hair to compare to the measurements after the procedure at pre-procedure, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months.
Patients receive regorafenib and sildenafil citrate by mouth every day (PO QD) on days 1-21. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Inspiratory muscle training will be done with a resistive exercise device at 80% of MIP max and for 30 breaths. After training, foam roller application will be applied to the right sternocloideomastoid muscle.
This study investigated the association between the IFITM3 rs12252 polymorphism and the severity and mortality of COVID-19 in hospitalized Brazilian patients. A total of 102 COVID-19 patients were included, and the outcomes of interest were defined as death and the need for mechanical ventilation. Genotypes were assessed using Taqman probes. No significant associations were found between the rs12252 polymorphism and COVID-19 outcomes in the original sample, both for death and the need for mechanical ventilation. A meta-analysis, incorporating previous studies that used death as a severity indicator, revealed no association in the allelic and C-recessive models. However, due to the rarity of the T allele and its absence in the sample, further replication studies in larger and more diverse populations are needed to clarify the role of rs12252 in COVID-19 prognosis.
This paper analyzes the determinants of COVID-19 mortality across over 140 countries in 2020, with a focus on healthcare expenditure and corruption. It finds a positive association between COVID-19 deaths and aging populations, obesity rates, and healthcare expenditure while noting a negative association with rural residency and corruption perception. The study further reveals that mortality is positively associated with aging populations in high-income countries and positively associated with obesity in upper-middle to high-income countries. Mortality is positively associated with healthcare expenditure, which likely reflects a country's preparedness and ability to better track, document, and report COVID-19 deaths. On the other hand, mortality is negatively associated with corruption perception in upper-middle-income countries. Further analyses based on 2021 data reveal COVID-19 deaths are positively associated with the proportion of the population aged 65 and older in low to lower-middle-income countries, with obesity in high-income countries, and with tobacco use across most countries. Interestingly, there is no evidence linking COVID-19 deaths to healthcare expenditure and corruption perception, suggesting a post-2020 convergence in preparedness likely due to proactive pandemic responses, which might have also mitigated corruption's impact. Policy recommendations are proposed to aid the elderly, address obesity, and combat tobacco use.
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease which typically manifests beginning in adulthood in the form of movement symptoms, cognitive decline, and psychiatric changes. The proposed research is undertaken in collaboration with CHDI Foundation, Inc., a not for profit organization dedicated to finding treatments for HD. CHDI's goal is to develop or help to develop both symptomatic and disease modifying treatments for HD. To enable future therapeutic trials, CHDI has sponsored several prospective, longitudinal, observational biomarker studies of pre-manifest and early HD with the goal of determining which combination of measures is the most sensitive for detecting changes over the natural progression of pre-manifest and early HD. These and other studies have demonstrated a progressive decline in cognitive function in patients with the huntingtin gene mutation beginning in the pre-manifest period and progressing throughout the course of the disease. These findings support the use of cognitive measures as endpoints in future therapeutic clinical trials. CHDI is committed to the development of a cognitive assessment battery for use in HD therapeutic trials.

There will be paper and pencil and computerized cognitive tests given over a six week period to non-HD control subjects, pre-manifest HD and early manifest HD subjects.
Subjects are randomly allocated to one of two treatment arms that examine treatment pathways, rather than comparing single treatments alone: 'initial Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) followed by conventional medical therapy as required' ('Laser-1st') and 'medical therapy without laser ('Medicine-1st'). We compare quality of life in the two pathways (arms) over three years, while also examining the incremental cost and cost-effectiveness of Laser-1st versus Medicine-1st.

A 'Treat in Pursuit of Control' design (TPC) compares two different routes to a pre-defined target Intraocular pressure (IOP) (pathways). It is a pragmatic study that uses published guidelines to make the complex clinical treatment choices faced in managing glaucoma, standardised between treatment arms by use of computer treatment algorithms. A UK National Institute for Health and care Excellence (NICE)-compliant evidence-based IOP Treatment Target 1 is set for each patient, according to the study treatment algorithms. They then proceed through stepped increments of treatment intensity (up to and including surgery) until a predetermined Target IOP is reached. Target IOP is reassessed in the light of objective clinical evidence of stability of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) and visual function using visual field tests and automated optic nerve evaluation. Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) and secondary outcomes are compared for patients in each pathway.
This group includes participants diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes based on clinical data. The validation process focuses on assessing the algorithm's accuracy in identifying individuals with Type 2 diabetes, ensuring correct classification and minimizing the risk of misclassification as other diabetes phenotypes or non-diabetic.