anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: A relevant aspect of listening is the effort required during speech processing, which can be assessed by pupillometry. Here, we assessed the pupil dilation response of normal-hearing (NH) and hard of hearing (HH) individuals during listening to clear sentences and masked or degraded sentences. We combined this assessment with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of the pupil dilation response.
METHOD: Seventeen NH participants (Mage = 46 years) were compared to 17 HH participants (Mage = 45 years) who were individually matched in age and educational level. Participants repeated sentences that were presented clearly, that were distorted, or that were masked. The sentence intelligibility level of masked and distorted sentences was 50% correct. Silent baseline trials were presented as well. Performance measures, pupil dilation responses, and fMRI data were acquired.
RESULTS: HH individuals had overall poorer speech reception than the NH participants, but not for noise-vocoded speech. In addition, an interaction effect was observed with smaller pupil dilation responses in HH than in NH listeners for the degraded speech conditions. Hearing impairment was associated with higher activation across conditions in the left superior temporal gyrus, as compared to the silent baseline. However, the region of interest analysis indicated lower activation during degraded speech relative to clear speech in bilateral frontal regions and the insular cortex, for HH compared to NH listeners. Hearing impairment was also associated with a weaker relation between the pupil response and activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus. Overall, degraded speech evoked higher frontal activation than clear speech.
CONCLUSION: Brain areas associated with attentional and cognitive-control processes may be increasingly recruited when speech is degraded and are related to the pupil dilation response, but this relationship is weaker in HH listeners.
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27162135.
FIELD: chemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the chemical and pharmaceutical industry and to a composition of flowing heating lubricant, which contains from approximately 40 wt % to approximately 60 wt % glycerin, from approximately 40 wt % to approximately 60 wt % polyatomic alcohol; and from approximately 0.1 wt % to approximately 3 wt % non-ionic surfactant contained in the said mixture; where the flowing heating lubricant is basically anhydrous, forms a thin lubricating film on skin or condom and produces a calefacient effect when in contact with moisture. The lubricant essentially does not contain an insulating agent. Viscosity of such a composition is less than viscosity of glycerin and is greater than viscosity of polyatomic alcohol. Owing to this, there is faster formation of the useful thin layer on the surface with which the composition comes into contact; the surfactant improves wetting properties and flowing of the composition on the skin or condom. ^ EFFECT: composition can be added to a condom packaging and approximately after a week, it can distribute and almost completely cover the inner and outer surface of the condom. ^ 22 cl, 7 tbl
As one of the main occupational hazards, welding fumes can cause oxidative damage and induce series of diseases, such as COPD or asthma. To clarify the effects of the metal fume ultrafine particulates (MF-UFPs) of welding fumes on oxidative damage, UFPs were collected by melt inert gas (MIG) and manual metal arc (MMA) welding, and the composition was confirmed. Human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells were treated with 0-1000 µg/cm2 MF-UFPs to analyse the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and cytokines. The protein and mRNA expression of Keap1-Nrf-2/antioxidant response elements (AREs) signalling pathway components were also analysed. After 4 h of treatment, the cell viability decreased 25% after 33.85 and 32.81 µg/cm2 MIG/MMA-UFPs treated. The intracellular ATP concentrations were also decreased significantly, while LDH leakage was increased. The decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased ROS suggested the occurrence of oxidative damage, and the results of proteome profiling arrays also showed a significant increase in IL-6 and IL-8. The expression of AREs which related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory were also increased. These results indicate that the MF-UFPs can cause oxidative stress in 16HBE cells and activate the Nrf-2/ARE signalling pathway to against oxidative damage.
BACKGROUND: Post-operative complications present a challenge to the healthcare system due to the high unpredictability of their incidence. Socioeconomic conditions have been established as social determinants of health. However, their contribution relating to postoperative complications is still unclear as it can be heterogeneous based on community, type of surgical services, and sex and gender. Uncovering these relations can enable improved public health policy to reduce such complications.
METHODS: In this study, we conducted a large population cross-sectional analysis of social vulnerability and the odds of various post-surgical complications. We collected electronic health records data from over 50,000 surgeries that happened between 2012 and 2018 at a quaternary health center in St. Louis, Missouri, United States and the corresponding zip code of the patients. We built statistical logistic regression models of postsurgical complications with the social vulnerability index of the tract consisting of the zip codes of the patient as the independent variable along with sex and race interaction.
RESULTS: Our sample from the St. Louis area exhibited high variance in social vulnerability with notable rapid increase in vulnerability from the south west to the north of the Mississippi river indicating high levels of inequality. Our sample had more females than males, and females had slightly higher social vulnerability index. Postoperative complication incidence ranged from 0.75% to 41% with lower incidence rate among females. We found that social vulnerability was associated with abnormal heart rhythm with socioeconomic status and housing status being the main association factors. We also found associations of the interaction of social vulnerability and female sex with an increase in odds of heart attack and surgical wound infection. Those associations disappeared when controlling for general health and comorbidities.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that social vulnerability measures such as socioeconomic status and housing conditions could affect postsurgical outcomes through preoperative health. This suggests that the domains of preventive medicine and public health should place social vulnerability as a priority to achieve better health outcomes of surgical interventions.
Getting the dose right is a key challenge in drug development; model-informed drug development (MIDD) provides powerful tools to shape dose strategies and inform decision making. In this tutorial, the case study of the ZENITH trials showcases how a set of clinical pharmacology and MIDD approaches informed an impactful dose strategy. The endothelin A receptor antagonist zibotentan, combined with the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, has yielded a robust and significant albuminuria reduction in the Phase IIb trial ZENITH-CKD and is being investigated for reduction of kidney function decline in a high-risk chronic kidney disease population in the Phase III trial ZENITH High Proteinuria. Endothelin antagonist treatment has, until now, been limited by the class effect fluid retention. ZENITH-CKD investigated a wide range of zibotentan doses based on pharmacokinetics in renal impairment, competitor-data exposure-response modeling, and clinical trial simulations. Recruitment delays reduced interim analysis data availability; here, supportive dose-response modeling recovered decision-making confidence. At trial completion, the low-dose arm enabled Phase III dose selection between Phase IIb doses. Dose-response modeling of efficacy and Kaplan-Meier analyses of tolerability identified a kidney-function-based low-dose strategy of 0.25 or 0.75 mg zibotentan (with 10 mg dapagliflozin) to balance benefit/risk in ZENITH High Proteinuria. The applied clinical pharmacology and MIDD principles enabled successful Phase IIb dose finding, rationalized and built confidence in the innovative Phase III dosing strategy and identified a potential therapeutic window for zibotentan/dapagliflozin, providing the opportunity for a significant improvement in the treatment of chronic kidney disease with high proteinuria.
Subjects in this arm of the study will not receive any oral health intervention while hospitalized. A medical record review will be completed, and patients will be contacted via telephone at 3, 6, and 12 months post-hospitalization to assess their oral health-related quality of life and oral health care-seeking behaviors.
This is a randomized, controlled longitudinal study. Patients with early-stage prostate cancer and UI for more than six months were randomly assigned to one of three study arms: (1) biofeedback PFME plus a support group (BF+SUPPORT); (2) biofeedback PFME plus telephone (BF+PHONE); and (3) usual care (UC). The BF+SUPPORT and BF+PHONE participants learned PFME through computerized biofeedback. Thereafter, the BF+SUPPORT participants attended six group meetings and the BF+PHONE participants had six phone contacts every other week for three months. The UC participants did not receive biofeedback PFME or telephone/group intervention but continued receiving usual medical care. All subjects were assessed blind at baseline, 3 months (post intervention) and 6 months (follow-up). In addition, 49 moderately to severely incontinent patients were recruited from the three study groups to undergo urodynamic testing at baseline and 3 months for the evaluation of physiological changes. Data of the costs for the interventions and the participants' medical care were collected for a cost-effectiveness analysis.
BACKGROUND: While cervical cancer incidence rates (IR) in the United States have dropped in the last 20 years, non-cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) associated cancers increased. Many people in Texas (TX) live in medically underserved areas and have higher risk of developing HPV-associated cancers. Since previous studies of these regions focused on cervical cancer, we included other HPV-associated cancers in our analysis of IR in East TX and the TX-Mexico Border compared to other TX regions.
METHODS: Cancer data from 2006 to 2019 were obtained from the TX Cancer Registry. Cases of HPV-associated cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers and corresponding patient-level demographic data were included. We calculated IR per 100,000 and drew heat maps to visualize cancer IR by county. To control potential confounders, we added county-level risk factors: rates for smoking, excessive drinking, obesity, STIs, primary care provider availability and dentist availability, from the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps program. We reported IRs by region and time and estimated unadjusted and adjusted risk ratio (RR) for association of each type of cancer and region. Lastly, we created adjusted models for each cancer by period to see time trends of regional differences.
RESULTS: Risk of anal, cervical, and oropharyngeal cancer was lower at parts of the Border than in the rest of TX in the adjusted model. We also observed increasing anal and oropharyngeal cancer risk and decreasing cervical and vaginal cancer risk over time.
CONCLUSION: Patient sociodemographics, behavioral risk factors, and access to care may contribute to some observed differences in cancer IR across regions. This indicates that targeted prevention efforts towards these regions, especially in low socioeconomic status communities, may benefit future generations.
FOTIVDA can cause proteinuria. Proteinuria occurred in 8% of FOTIVDA-treated patients with 2% of events Grade 3. Of the patients who developed proteinuria, 3/81 (3.7%) had acute kidney injury either concurrently or later during treatment.

Monitor patients for proteinuria before initiation of, and periodically throughout, treatment with FOTIVDA.

For patients who develop moderate to severe proteinuria, reduce the dose or interrupt FOTIVDA treatment.

Discontinue FOTIVDA in patients who develop nephrotic syndrome [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION (2.2)] .
A novel composition and/or method for the treatment of alcoholism, wherein the composition comprises a therapeutically effective dosage of an agent that induces adverse reactions to alcohol ingestion, e.g. such as disulfiram or calcium carbamide, and a drug that affects the neurological system in a manner similar to alcohol, preferably a habit-forming or addictive drug, e.g. diazepam or librium. The method comprises administering a composition to alcoholics that combines therapeutically effective dosages of the aversive agent disulfiram and a habit-forming or addictive drug into a single composition. Preferably, the habit-forming or addictive medication is an anti-anxiety drug and is a member of the benzodiazepine family. Most preferably, the habit-forming, anti-anxiety drug is diazepam.
PURPOSE: A pharmaceutical composition containing Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. extract is provided to overcome anticancer agent resistance and to be used as a composition for suppressing multidrug resistance. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for suppressing multidrug resistance for an anticancer agent contains 0.001-50 wt% of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. extract as an active ingredient. The extract is prepared using water, low carbon number alcohol of 1-4 carbon atoms, or a mixture solvent thereof. The multi-drug resistance is resistance by P-glycoprotein. A pharmaceutical composition for anticancer contains the extract as an active ingredient. A sitological composition for anticancer aid contains the extract as an active ingredient.
UNLABELLED: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is strongly associated with obesity. While the relationship between weight reduction and apnea-hypopnea index improvement has been documented, to our knowledge, it has not been quantified adequately. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the relationship between weight reduction and AHI change.
METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for studies reporting AHI and weight loss in people with obesity/overweight and OSA between 2000 and 2023. A linear and quadratic model (weighted by treatment arm sample size) predicted percent change from baseline AHI against mean percent change from baseline weight. The quadratic term was statistically significant (P < 0.05), so the quadratic model (with 95 % prediction interval) was used.
RESULTS: The literature search identified 27 studies/32 treatment arms: 15 using bariatric surgery and lifestyle intervention each and 2 using pharmacological interventions. Included studies were ≥3 months with weight intervention and participants had AHI ≥15/h. Weight reduction in people with OSA and obesity was associated with improvements in the severity of OSA. BMI reduction of 20 % was associated with AHI reduction of 57 %, while further weight reduction beyond 20 % in BMI was associated with a smaller effect on AHI. As the prediction intervals are relatively wide, a precise relationship could not be conclusively established.
CONCLUSION: The degree of AHI index improvement was associated with the magnitude of weight reduction. The model suggests that with progress in weight reduction beyond 20 %, the incremental decrease in BMI appeared to translate to a smaller additional effect on AHI.
A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided in order to provide for synchronization of a clinical context across applications. An example method may include receiving an application context. The application context may include a clinical context of a first application. The method may also include determining, using a processor, a set of application execution parameters for a second application based on the application context. The application execution parameters may synchronize the clinical context of the first application with the second application. The method may also include executing the second application using the set of application execution parameters.
BACKGROUND: The change of condyle position following orthognathic surgery affects the stability of treatments. This study aims to assess the correlation between the amount of condyles' position change and the severity of mandibular asymmetry following BSSO.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. Subjects with asymmetric mandibular prognathism following BSSO were studied. Subjects were classified into 2 groups: group 1, subjects had mandibular asymmetry without occlusal cant and underwent BSSO. Group 2, subjects had mandibular asymmetry with occlusal cant and underwent BSSO+ Lefort I osteotomy. The condyle position was evaluated using cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT). Pearson's correlation test was used to assess any correlation between the condyle changes and the change in the mandible in sagittal and anterior-posterior directions.
RESULTS: A total of 44 subjects were studied. In group 1, the condyle tilted outward in the deviated condyle and inward in the non-deviated condyle immediately after osteotomy. After 12 months, both condyles showed a rotation relative to the original position. In group 2, the condyles of the deviated sides and non-deviated sides moved inferiorly after surgery (condylar sagging), which was more significant in the non-deviated sides. The condyle rotation was similar to group 1. The severity of asymmetry and occlusal cant correlate with the condylar position change in the two groups.
CONCLUSION: The severity of mandibular asymmetry correlates with the amount of condyles' position change immediately after BSSO. However, the condyles tend to return to their original position 12 months later.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to release a material acting on the living things into the patient's body while exactly controlling the material by forming a porous material which consists of a porous material layer on the material acting on the living things formed on a structural body and has the thickness and characteristics allowing the control of the release of the material acting on the living things. SOLUTION: The medical treatment device 10 for injection is composed of the structural body 12 which is formed of a base material 14 introduced into the patient's body, the material 18 acting on the living things formed on at least part of the structural body 12 and the porous material layer 20 arranged on the material 18 acting on the living things. The porous material has the thickness and characteristics to allow the control of the release of the material 18 acting on the living things. The medical treatment device 10 for injection is usable in the various places of the patient, for example, in the esophagus, the trachea, the colon, the bile duct, the urinary tracheal, the vascular system, etc. The reliable distribution of the adequate material acting on the living things during or after the operation is made possible.  The rapid closure and/or reconstruction of the blood vessel is prohibited.
The invention comprises compounds of the general formula <FORM:0914783/IV (b)/1> (wherein R1 represents hydrogen or a hydroxy or alkoxy group, R2 hydrogen or a hydroxy, alkoxy or benzyloxy group, R3 a hydroxy, alkoxy, benzyloxy or amino group, R1 hydrogen or a hydroxy group, R5 hydrogen or an alkyl group, R6 an alkyl group and Y an alkylene group, or R6, Y and the N atom together form a piperidine or alkylpiperidine residue, R7 represents hydrogen or a hydroxy or alkoxy group and R8 a hydroxy, alkyloxy or benzyloxy group) and their acid addition salts, and the preparation thereof by:  (a) esterifying a compound of the general formula <FORM:0914783/IV (b)/2> (wherein R11, R12 and R13 have the same meanings as R1, R2 and R3 except that R13\t represents a nitro group when R1 represents an amino group) with a compound of the general formula <FORM:0914783/IV (b)/3> (wherein R represents a halogen atom) and, if necessary, reducing any nitro group to an amino group; (b) reacting a compound of the general formula <FORM:0914783/IV (b)/4> (wherein Hlg represents a halogen atom), or a salt thereof, with a compound of the general formula <FORM:0914783/IV (b)/5> (wherein M represents a metal atom); (c) (except when R3 represents an amino group and/or R6, Y and N form a piperidine ring) reacting a compound of the general formula <FORM:0914783/IV (b)/6> (wherein R11, R12 and R13 have the same meanings as R1, R2 and R3 other than amino) with a compound of the general formula <FORM:0914783/IV (b)/7> (wherein X represents a halogen atom or an acyloxy group); or (d) (when R4 = OH) reducing a compound of the general formula <FORM:0914783/IV (b)/8> or a salt thereof.  The compounds in which R6 represents an alkyl group can also be made by treating the corresponding compounds in which R6 represents hydrogen with an alkyl halide or a dialkyl sulphate.  The esterification in (a) can also be carried out with the corresponding free acid or a C1-5 aliphatic hydrocarbon ester thereof instead of the acid halide, whilst R13 may be a protected amino group, subsequently converted to free amino, instead of a nitro group when R3 is to be an amino group.  Starting materials for the foregoing processes are prepared by methods analogous to those described in Specification 893,088.  Pharmaceutical preparations, having hypotensive, spasmolytic, adrenolytic or bradycardia-producing activity, comprise one or more of the compounds of the first general formula above, or their acid addition salts, mixed with an inert solid or liquid carrier. Examples are given of tablets and a solution for injection.
OBJECTIVES: Fevers have been used as a marker of disease for hundreds of years and are frequently used for disease screening. However, body temperature varies over the course of a day and across individual characteristics; such variation may limit the detection of febrile episodes complicating the diagnostic process. Our objective was to describe individual variation in diurnal temperature patterns during episodes of febrile activity using millions of recorded temperatures and evaluate the probability of recording a fever by sex and for different age groups.
METHODS: We use timestamped deidentified temperature readings from thermometers across the US to construct illness episodes where continuous periods of activity in a single user included a febrile reading. We model the mean temperature recorded and probability of registering a fever across the course of a day using sinusoidal regression models while accounting for user age and sex. We then estimate the probability of recording a fever by time of day for children, working-age adults, and older adults.
RESULTS: We find wide variation in body temperatures over the course of a day and across individual characteristics. The diurnal temperature pattern differed between men and women, and average temperatures declined for older age groups. The likelihood of detecting a fever varied widely by the time of day and by an individual's age or sex.
CONCLUSIONS: Time of day and demographics should be considered when using body temperatures for diagnostic or screening purposes. Our results demonstrate the importance of follow-up thermometry readings if infectious diseases are suspected.