anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
A Medical Reminder System has an electronic messaging watch which is programmed with a medication regimen for the patient via an infrared or other electronic data transfer link to a health care provider's computer system having custom software. The programmable watch sounds an alarm when a medication is to be taken, or a health care procedure is to be performed. Each watch is programmed with the patient's name, individual medicine names, dosage amounts and specified medication times, as well as with alerts for appointments, prescription refills and medical events. Nonmedical messages may also be programmed into the watch. The alarm consists of distinctive monotone beeps and is sounded by the watch at the preset times programmed by the health care provider. The medication information scrolls across the screen when the patient records the event by pressing a button on the watch. The watch is programmed by placing it into a custom cradle that facilitates information transfer between the computer and the watch by means of infrared or other electronic signals. The watch monitors and graphically shows which medications have been taken on a daily basis, as well as allowing the patient to record "medical events" into the watch's memory, allowing the level of compliance and patient history to be reviewed.
BACKGROUND: Apelin has been extensively studied, and emerging experimental evidence suggests that Apelin may have effects on stroke by reducing infarct volume and neurological deficits, inhibiting the apoptosis process and reducing brain water content. However, the credibility of the evidence is uncertain. Thus, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate preclinical studies that used Apelin for the treatment of transient focal cerebral ischemia.
METHODS: Electronic bibliographic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for finding relevant studies from January 2000 to July 2023. The methodological quality and risk of bias scores for animal studies were calculated based on the CAMARADES and the SYRCLE's RoB tools, respectively. The effect sizes were assessed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software.
RESULTS: A total of twelve eligible studies were used for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The median scores of study quality and risk of bias were 7.5 out of 10, and 5 out of 10, respectively. Apelin treatment effectively decreased infarct volume (primary outcome) [Hedges' g = 2.72, 95 % CI (1.93, 3.51), p < 0.001], neurological deficit [Hedges' g = 1.76, 95 % CI (0.96, 2.55), p < 0.001], cleaved caspase 3 [Hedges' g = 2.16, 95 % CI (0.87, 3.44), p = 0.001], and apoptotic cell number [Hedges' g = 4.07, 95 % CI (1.25,6.89), p = 0.005] compared with the control group. According to subgroup analysis, more notable neuroprotective effects were observed with intravenous administration than with intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration. Moreover, we determined that effect size of infarct volume was markedly related to the species. The combined measurement of two studies demonstrated that Apelin could reduce BCL2 and TNF-α levels as well as brain water content compared with the control group. However, pooled measurement of two studies showed that no relevancy was discovered between CHOP and altering infarct volume.
CONCLUSION: The present meta-analysis was conducted to assess preclinical studies related to Apelin treatment in rodent ischemic stroke. Apelin can exert promising neuroprotective effects by reducing infarct volume, neurological deficit, caspase 3, apoptotic cell number, TNF- α and brain water content and increasing BCL2. The current evidence supports the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of Apelin, but its effectiveness in decreasing CHOP level in animal models of ischemic stroke needs further elucidation. This study was registered within the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) as number CRD42023460926.
Bacillus cereus is a bacterium capable of causing late-onset neonatal sepsis. By analyzing 11 cases, this study investigates the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Bacillus cereus infections, aiming to provide insights into clinical diagnosis and therapy. The study scrutinized 11 instances of late-onset neonatal sepsis, including two fatalities attributable to Bacillus cereus, one accompanied by cerebral hemorrhage. An examination and analysis of these cases' symptoms, signs, laboratory tests, and treatment processes, along with a review of related literature from 2010 to 2020, revealed a high mortality rate of 41.38% in non-gastrointestinal infections caused by Bacillus cereus. Our findings underscore the critical importance of rapid diagnosis and effective antimicrobial therapy in reducing mortality rates. Once the source of infection is identified, implementing effective infection control measures is essential.
BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease following Alzheimer's disease. Nearly 30 causative genes have been identified for PD and related disorders. However, most of these genes were identified in European-derived families, and little is known about their role in Latin American populations.
OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to assess the spectrum and frequency of pathogenic variants in known PD genes in familial PD patients from Latin America.
METHODS: We selected 335 PD patients with a family history of PD from the Latin American Research Consortium on the Genetics of PD. We capture-sequenced the coding regions of 26 genes related to neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Of the 335 PD patients, 324 had sufficient sequencing coverage to be analyzed.
RESULTS: We identified pathogenic variants in 41 individuals (12.7%) in FBXO7, GCH1, LRRK2, PARK7, PINK1, PLA2G6, PRKN, SNCA, and TARDBP, GBA1 risk variants in 25 individuals (7.7%), and variants of uncertain significance in another 24 individuals (7.4%) in ATP13A2, ATP1A3, DNAJC13, DNAJC6, GBA1, LRKK2, PINK1, VPS13C, and VPS35. Of the 70 unique variants identified, 19 were more frequent in Latin Americans than in any other population.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first screening of known PD genes in a large cohort of patients with familial PD from Latin America. There were substantial differences in the spectrum of variants observed in comparison to previous findings from PD families of European origin. Our data provide further evidence that differences exist between the genetic architecture of PD in Latinos and European-derived populations. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a persistent parasite condition that causes the formation of tumor-like growths. It is a challenge to treat the disease. These growths need neovascularization to get their oxygen and nutrients, and the disease is prolonged and severe. Considerable research has been conducted on exosomes and their interactions with Echinococcus multilocularis in the context of immunological evasion by the host. However, the extent of their involvement in angiogenesis needs to be conducted. The primary objective of this investigation was to preliminarily explore the effect of exosomes produced from E. multilocularis protoscoleces (PSC-exo) on angiogenesis, to elucidate the mechanism of their roles in the regulation of the downstream pathway of VEGFA activation, and to provide ideas for the development of novel treatments for AE. The study evaluated the impact of PSC-exo increases proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation of HUVECs at concentrations of up to 50 μg/ml. In addition, the study sought to validate the findings in vivo. This effect involved increased VEGFA expression at gene and protein levels and AKT/mTOR pathway activation. PSC-exo are crucial in promoting angiogenesis through VEGFA upregulation and AKT/mTOR signaling. This research contributes to our knowledge of neovascularization in AE.
All patients will be instructed to apply the IMP twice daily, once in the morning and once in the evening. Per application, not more than 1.5 g of the IMP should be applied, which is sufficient to cover a total area of 75 cm2 (corresponding to 3 single TAs, each with a size of 25 cm²) in maximum. The IMPs will be applied for 90 days in maximum.
This protocol describes a prospective, randomized study examining the safety and efficacy of Itraconazole for preventing fungal infections in patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). CGD is a genetic disorder in which phagocytes are unable to produce oxygen radicals. As a result, affected patients are prone to recurrent, severe infections with bacterial and fungal organisms. Patients with CGD of 5 or more years of age without evidence of infection at the time of study entry will be eligible for enrollment. Patients will be randomized to receive itraconazole or placebo tablets daily, in a double blinded fashion. In addition to itraconazole, all patients will receive antimicrobial prophylaxis against bacterial infection, and may in addition receive gamma-interferon as prophylaxis against infection. Randomization of patients will be stratified among patients receiving or not receiving gamma interferon. The primary endpoint of the study will be the development of culture or histologically proved invasive fungal disease. Patients will be monitored every three months for evidence of drug toxicity, and surveillance cultures of nasopharynx and stool will be obtained. The anticipated accrual period will be approximately 36-48 months.
An electronic medical record system is provided to minimize handwritten record by computerizing all information generated during medical treatment, and correctly progress diagnosis and curing processes of patients by providing all medical records suitable for each category without modifying contents. An outpatient treatment manager(102) provides an outpatient sheet for recording outpatient, doctor, and medical treatment information, and stores/manages the information of the patient sheet. An inpatient manager(103) receives the outpatient information, provides an inpatient sheet for recording diagnosis, prescription, and checkup information of an inpatient, and stores/manages the information of the inpatient sheet. A nursing manager(104) provides doctor's prescription for the inpatient, provides a nurse sheet for recording medication, and a patient management and order execution status of a nurse, and stores/manages the information of the nurse sheet. An image manager(105) stores past medical records as an image, stores the images generated during the medical treatment, and provides the stored image to the doctor. An integrated information manager(106) provides an operation state of medical equipment for the inpatient by linking with the medical equipments.
Self-directed interventions may overcome many of the barriers associated with accessing face-to-face services, as there is lowered stigma and significantly reduced or eliminated cost, transport, and timing difficulties. Families can complete self-directed programs at home, in their own time and at their own pace. Furthermore self-administered programs are often very cost-effective and their use can ease the financial burden of mental health of the community. These parenting programs can be particularly effective by reaching the populace. Moreover in primary care settings where financial resources, time and expertise might be lacking to provide behavioral interventions, self-directed programs might be a promising tool for disseminating effective parenting interventions more widely.

Bibliotherapy is one form of self-directed therapy. In bibliotherapy a selected book is thought to meet the specific need of the person to be treated and reading is used as the therapeutic technique. In opposition to pure self-help programs, bibliotherapy in terms of guided self-help provides patients (or parents) with written instructions as well as therapeutic contacts at regular intervals. During these contacts, problems and questions can be discussed to give further support. Self-help interventions have already proven to be effective for adults with anxiety or affective disorders as well as for depressive adolescents. However there has only been little research concerning the reduction of children's and adolescent´s behaviour problems through parental self-help programs under minimal contact conditions.
Approximately 6% of the 1144 patients receiving escitalopram in controlled trials of escitalopram in major depressive disorder and GAD were 60 years of age or older; elderly patients in these trials received daily doses of escitalopram between 10 and 20 mg. The number of elderly patients in these trials was insufficient to adequately assess for possible differential efficacy and safety measures on the basis of age. Nevertheless, greater sensitivity of some elderly individuals to effects of escitalopram cannot be ruled out. 

SSRIs and SNRIs, including escitalopram, have been associated with cases of clinically significant hyponatremia in elderly patients, who may be at greater risk for this adverse event [see Hyponatremia (5.6)].

In two pharmacokinetic studies, escitalopram half-life was increased by approximately 50% in elderly subjects as compared to young subjects and Cmax was unchanged [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. 10 mg/day is the recommended dose for elderly patients [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].

Of 4,422 patients in clinical studies of racemic citalopram, 1,357 were 60 and over, 1,034 were 65 and over, and 457 were 75 and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but again, greater sensitivity of some elderly individuals cannot be ruled out.
In this group, the irrigation of root canals will be done with 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite. The delivery of the irrigant will be done using 27G side-vented endodontic irrigation needles (Omega, Inc). The tip of the needle will be pre-measured and positioned within 1 millimeter of the working length. No activation of the irrigant will be performed.
Skin antioxidant levels as well as blood metabolites may change as the human body ages1,2. Although the chronological aging process is unstoppable, the physical signs of aging, particularly characteristics of the skin, may be delayed through a variety of medical interventions such as topical medications or resurfacing lasers. It is not currently known whether skin carotenoid antioxidant levels correlate with skin aging characteristics, although studies with other antioxidants suggest this may be true 3. In addition, while selected blood metabolites correlate with changes in age2, we do not know if this correlates with skin changes. Our current study focuses on whether differences in skin carotenoid levels and blood metabolite levels correlate with skin aging characteristics in age-matched subjects. Furthermore, we will explore whether three months consumption with a commercial multi-nutrient formulation (LifePak Nano) affects metabolic markers of aging, skin aging characteristics including skin elasticity and transepidermal water loss. We will also examine whether smokers respond differently from nonsmokers in the above parameters after supplementation.
Patients receive pertuzumab IV over 30-60 minutes and trastuzumab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 3 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo radiologic evaluation throughout the trial, ECHO at screening and end of treatment, and biopsy and collection of blood samples on trial and at end of treatment.
Children tend to categorize novel objects according to their shape rather than their color, texture, or other salient properties-known as "shape bias." We investigated whether this bias also extends to the social domain, where it should lead children to categorize people according to their weight (their body shape) rather than their race (their skin color). In Study 1, participants (n = 50 US 4- and 5-year-olds) were asked to extend a novel label from a target object/person to either an object/person who shared the target's shape/weight, color/race, or neither. Children selected the shape-/weight-matched individual over the color-/race-matched individual (dobjects  = 1.58, dpeople  = 0.99) and their shape biases were correlated across the two domains. In Study 2, participants (n = 20 US 4- and 5-year-olds) were asked to extend a novel internal property from a target person to either a person who shared the target's weight, race, or neither. Again, children selected the weight-matched individual (d = 1.98), suggesting they view an individual's weight as more predictive of their internal properties than their race. Overall, results suggest that children's early shape bias extends into the social domain. Implications for weight bias and early social cognition are discussed. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Preschoolers extend novel labels based on people's weight rather than their race. Preschoolers infer internal features based on people's weight rather than their race. Shape biases are present, and correlated, across the social and object domains.
Active tDCS Ambulatory: 1 mA of current of active tDCS applied for 20 minutes, single session of stimulation. Sham tDCS Ambulatory: applied for 20 minutes, single session of stimulation.
Curcumin, a yellow substance found in the spice Turmeric, has antioxidant, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID), and cholesterol-lowering properties, all of which make it a good candidate in the prevention and treatment of AD. The study will examine the safety and tolerability of 2 different doses of curcumin C3 complex. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests will be used to examine how the curcumin is absorbed in the body, and whether it has an effect on inflammation, oxidative damage, and cholesterol levels. Participants will also be tested to determine the potential effect of curcumin on cognition, behavior, and daily function in patients with mild to moderate AD.

Participants will be randomly assigned to receive one of two doses of curcumin, or a placebo, for the initial 6 months of the trial. For the final 6 months, those receiving a placebo will be switched to one of the two doses of the drug. The 33 participants will make 7 visits to the study site over a 12-month period. These visits may include a physical and neurological examination, routine laboratory tests, lumbar puncture, and neuropsychological (mood and memory) evaluations.
Psychiatric Adverse Reactions

Scopolamine has been reported to exacerbate psychosis. Other psychiatric reactions have also been reported, including acute toxic psychosis, agitation, speech disorder, hallucinations, paranoia, and delusions [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. Monitor patients for new or worsening psychiatric symptoms during treatment with scopolamine transdermal system. Also, monitor patients for new or worsening psychiatric symptoms during concomitant treatment with other drugs that are associated with similar psychiatric effects [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. In cases of psychiatric reactions occurring, scopolamine transdermal system should be removed at once. If, despite this, the symptoms persist in a severe form, instruct patients to seek medical attention.

Seizures

Seizures and seizure-like activity have been reported in patients receiving scopolamine. Weigh this potential risk against the benefits before prescribing scopolamine transdermal system to patients with a history of seizures, including those receiving anti-epileptic medication or who have risk factors that can lower the seizure threshold. 

Cognitive Adverse Reactions

Scopolamine can cause drowsiness, disorientation, and confusion. Discontinue scopolamine transdermal system if signs or symptoms of cognitive impairment develop. If, despite this, the symptoms persist in a severe form, instruct patients to seek medical attention. Elderly and pediatric patients may be more sensitive to the neurological and psychiatric effects of scopolamine transdermal system. Consider more frequent monitoring during treatment with scopolamine transdermal system in elderly patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)]. Scopolamine transdermal system is not approved for use in pediatric patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)]. 

Hazardous Activities

Scopolamine transdermal system may impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of hazardous tasks such as driving a motor vehicle, operating machinery, or participating in underwater sports. Concomitant use of other drugs that cause central nervous system (CNS) adverse reactions (e.g., alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics, opiates, and anxiolytics) or have anticholinergic properties (e.g., other belladonna alkaloids, sedating antihistamines, meclizine, tricyclic antidepressants, and muscle relaxants) may increase this effect [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Inform patients not to operate motor vehicles or other dangerous machinery or participate in underwater sports until they are reasonably certain that scopolamine transdermal system does not affect them adversely.
NORVIR must be used in combination with other antiretroviral agents [see Dosage and Administration (2)]. The recommended dosage of NORVIR in pediatric patients older than 1 month is 350 to 400 mg per m2 twice daily by mouth to be taken with meals and should not exceed 600 mg twice daily. NORVIR should be started at 250 mg per m2 twice daily and increased at 2 to 3 day intervals by 50 mg per m2 twice daily. If patients do not tolerate 400 mg per m2 twice daily due to adverse events, the highest tolerated dose may be used for maintenance therapy in combination with other antiretroviral agents, however, alternative therapy should be considered [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)]. 

Pediatric Dosage Guidelines for Oral Solution

NORVIR oral solution should not be administered to neonates before a postmenstrual age (first day of the mother’s last menstrual period to birth plus the time elapsed after birth) of 44 weeks has been attained [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. 

NORVIR oral solution contains the excipients ethanol (approx. 43% v/v) and propylene glycol (approx. 27% w/v). Special attention should be given to accurate calculation of the dose of NORVIR, transcription of the medication order, dispensing information and dosing instructions to minimize the risk for medication errors, and overdose. This is especially important for young children. Total amounts of ethanol and propylene glycol from all medicines that are to be given to pediatric patients 1 to 6 months of age should be taken into account in order to avoid toxicity from these excipients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Overdosage (10)]. When possible, dose should be administered using a calibrated dosing syringe.

Body surface area (BSA) can be calculated as follows1:

Pediatric Dosage Guidelines for Oral Powder

NORVIR oral powder should be used only for dosing increments of 100 mg. NORVIR powder should not be used for doses less than 100 mg or for incremental doses between 100 mg intervals. NORVIR oral solution is the preferred formulation for patients requiring doses less than 100 mg or incremental doses between 100 mg intervals.