anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Lithium can precipitate serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. The risk is increased with concomitant use of other serotonergic drugs (including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, and St. John’s Wort) and with drugs that impair metabolism of serotonin, i.e., MAOIs [see PRECAUTIONS] . 

Serotonin syndrome signs and symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, delirium, and coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, hyperthermia), neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, incoordination), seizures, and gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea).

Monitor all patients taking lithium for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Discontinue treatment with lithium and any concomitant serotonergic agents immediately if the above symptoms occur, and initiate supportive symptomatic treatment. If concomitant use of lithium with other serotonergic drugs is clinically warranted, inform patients of the increased risk for serotonin syndrome and monitor for symptoms.
The present invention provides an oral disintegrating tablet which contains tramadol hydrochloride and paracetamol and a preparation method thereof. Paracetamol and tramadol hydrochloride are respectively coated so that taste is covered, and therefore, the oral disintegrating tablet of the present invention is suitable for oral administration through the oral cavity. The present invention adopts proper medical auxiliary material which is suitable for the rationalization performance of the paracetamol and the tramadol hydrochloride; coating operation is carried out; finally, material is uniformly mixed and pressed into tablets. The fluidity of raw material in the prescription and raw material used for covering taste and coating operation is good, and the raw material can be conveniently pressed into tablets. After medicine is coated, the taste is basically covered. At the time, corrigent is added, the taste in the mouth is adjusted, and the oral disintegrating tablet is suitable for oral administration through the oral cavity. The present invention adopts a proper disintegrating agent and a proper quantity, which leads the oral disintegrating tablet of the present invention to be quickly disintegrated.
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a common cause of pain and disability and the medial compartment is involved most frequently. If conservative mechanical therapies could reduce knee OA symptoms, risks to patients might be minimized through reduction in use of pharmacotherapy or surgery. A lateral heel wedge with strapping of the ankle joint has been reported to induce a similar therapeutic effect to that of proximal tibial osteotomy. It is presumed that the mechanism for this involves correction of genu varum. However, the effects on the static lower limb mechanical axis and the dynamic knee adduction moment, a risk factor for knee OA symptoms and progression, have not been assessed, so the mechanism of effect is currently unknown. The proposed protocol would compare lower limb mechanical alignment (measured by radiographic hip-knee-ankle angle) and dynamic knee varus moment (measured by 3-dimensional gait analysis) with and without the strapped insole to further understanding of the mechanism of effect on subjects with knee OA. Additionally, this protocol would assess analgesia and whether use of the insole reduces known knee joint unloading compensatory mechanisms during gait. Through measurement of radiographic lower limb alignment, dynamic knee varus moment, and ankle/foot static and dynamic angles, a model would be developed relating radiographs with dynamic moments, potentially allowing greater risk stratification for knee OA development and progression through use of radiographs. In addition to elucidating the mechanism of effect of this insole and developing a model for radiographic interpretation, this protocol would be the fist study of this insole involving non-Japanese subjects.
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, septic shock and concomitant multiorgan failure are major causes of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. During SIRS and septic shock the role of the gut seems to be uncertain. As it serves as an intestinal barrier which allows the symbiotic relationship between man and enteric bacteria, increased gut permeability during critical illness is accused to promote sepsis. Brush border enzymes have the ability to detoxify lipopolysaccharides and prevent bacterial invasion across the gut mucosal barrier. A reduced brush border enzyme function could contribute to the gastrointestinal intolerance in critically ill patients, which is frequently observed. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of SIRS and septic shock on brush border enzyme morphology and function in men.
Depression is a mental disorder characterised by persistent low mood, anhedonia and cognitive impairment that affects an estimated 3.8% of the world's population, including 5% of adults. Peganum harmala L. (P. harmala) is a medicinal plant and has been reported to be effective against Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and depression. The present study was aimed to evaluate the behavioral and pharmacological effects of P. harmala seed extract in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in vivo and to investigate the mechanism of action. CUMS-exposed rats were treated with P. harmala extract (75 and 150 mg/kg, i.p.) for 2 weeks. HPLC analysis was used to determine the concentration of harmaline and harmine alkaloids in the extract. Heavy metal analysis in seeds was performed by ICP-MS. Our results showed that P. harmala at the dose of 150 mg/kg significantly reduced the depressive-like behaviors in CUMS-exposed rats, as evidenced by increased sucrose consumption in the sucrose preference test (SPT), decreased immobility time in the forced swim test (FST) and plasma corticosterone levels, increased the time spent in open arms in the elevated plus maze (EPM), and improved memory and learning in the passive avoidance test (PAT). In addition, P. harmala decreased monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) levels, and increased serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and noradrenaline (NA) levels in the brains of rats exposed to CUMS. P. harmala decreased the expression of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and increased the antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in rat brain. Furthermore, P. harmala improved brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) protein expression in rat brain. In conclusion, P. harmala at a dose of 150 mg/kg is more effective in preventing depressive-like behavior in CUMS-exposed rats by improving neurotransmitter levels, reducing oxidative stress, suppressing neuroinflammation and activating the BDNF/TrkB pathway, all of which are important in the pathogenesis of depression.
Since 1984, the problem of critical illness neuromuscular abnormalities (CINMAs) has attracted considerable interest. According to these studies, CINMAs include the muscular weakness that accompanies critical illness resulting from polyneuropathy and/or myopathy and can be seen in 25-85% of cases of critically ill patients. Clinically, CINMAs present as symmetric flaccid tetraparesis and difficulty weaning off mechanical lung ventilation. However, these data are derived from treating non-specialized intensive care unit (ICU) patients. In this research, we wished to investigate CINMAs in neurocritical care patients. From day one of the patients' participation in the research and until a discharge from the ICU (or death), daily neurological surveys and weekly nerve conduction studies were performed. Based on the results of each nerve conduction study, an index of neuromuscular damage was noted to evaluate the severity of the CINMAs. Needle electromyography and muscle biopsy were not used
Adults and Adolescents

The recommended oral dose of TAMIFLU for treatment of influenza in adults and adolescents 13 years and older is 75 mg twice daily for 5 days. Treatment should begin within 2 days of onset of symptoms of influenza. TAMIFLU for oral suspension may be used by patients who cannot swallow a capsule (see Table 1).

Pediatric Patients

TAMIFLU is not indicated for treatment of influenza in pediatric patients younger than 1 year.

The recommended oral dose of TAMIFLU for pediatric patients 1 year and older is shown in Table 1. For pediatric patients who cannot swallow capsules, TAMIFLU for oral suspension is the preferred formulation. If the oral suspension product is not available, TAMIFLU capsules may be opened and mixed with sweetened liquids such as regular or sugar-free chocolate syrup, corn syrup, caramel topping, or light brown sugar (dissolved in water). If the appropriate strengths of TAMIFLU capsules are not available to mix with sweetened liquids and the oral suspension product is not available, then a pharmacist may compound an emergency supply of oral suspension from TAMIFLU 75 mg capsules [see Dosage and Administration (2.8)].
Background: Navigating medical care at the end of life can be a challenging experience for patients. There are also significant resource burdens, including intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, accompanying terminal illness. For actively dying patients, developing a care plan based on patient goals and delivering care at the bedside can enhance patient well-being, avoid inappropriate transfers or interventions, and improve resource management. Methods: The Rapid Response Team (RRT) is an around the clock intensivist service that responds to all acutely decompensating patients in our hospital. Through the Appropriate Care Escalation (ACE) program, the RRT intensivist identifies amongst decompensating patients, terminally ill individuals for whom prognosis is extremely poor irrespective of available interventions. These patients receive discussions about goals of care, code status, and management options. They receive care on a dedicated stepdown unit without escalation to the ICU. If aligned with patient goals, care plans incorporate critical care interventions including ventilator and vasopressor therapy. Results: Over 5 years, RRT identified 413 terminally ill patients under the ACE program to continue end of life care on the stepdown unit. Following discussions of goals, 60.8% of patients requested DNR/DNI, 30.9% were full code, and 8.5% requested DNR/OK-TO-INTUBATE status. At discharge, 82.1% of ACE patients expired compared to 23% of all RRT consultations. Patients received 233 critical care procedures at bedside including intubations, central access catheters and bronchoscopy. Conclusion: The ACE program helped identify, in real time, actively dying, terminally ill patients, establish patient goals, and expand critical care services outside the ICU.
Mechanism of Action: Antiviral The mechanism by which amantadine exerts its antiviral activity is not clearly understood. It appears to mainly prevent the release of infectious viral nucleic acid into the host cell by interfering with the function of the transmembrane domain of the viral M2 protein. In certain cases, amantadine is also known to prevent virus assembly during virus replication. It does not appear to interfere with the immunogenicity of inactivated influenza A virus vaccine. 

Antiviral Activity: Amantadine inhibits the replication of influenza A virus isolates from each of the subtypes, i.e., H1N1, H2N2 and H3N2. It has very little or no activity against influenza B virus isolates. A quantitative relationship between the in vitro susceptibility of influenza A virus to amantadine and the clinical response to therapy has not been established in man. Sensitivity test results, expressed as the concentration of amantadine required to inhibit by 50% the growth of virus (ED50) in tissue culture vary greatly (from 0.1 mcg/mL to 25.0 mcg/mL) depending upon the assay protocol used, size of virus inoculum, isolates of influenza A virus strains tested, and the cell type used. Host cells in tissue culture readily tolerated amantadine up to a concentration of 100 mcg/mL. 

Drug Resistance:  Influenza A variants with reduced in vitro sensitivity to amantadine have been isolated from epidemic strains in areas where adamantane derivatives are being used. Influenza viruses with reduced in vitro sensitivity have been shown to be transmissible and to cause typical influenza illness. The quantitative relationship between the in vitro sensitivity of influenza A variants to amantadine and the clinical response to therapy has not been established. 

Mechanism of Action: Parkinson's Disease The mechanism of action of amantadine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions is not known. Data from earlier animal studies suggest that amantadine hydrochloride may have direct and indirect effects on dopamine neurons. More recent studies have demonstrated that amantadine is a weak, non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist (K1 = 10µM). Although amantadine has not been shown to possess direct anticholinergic activity in animal studies, clinically, it exhibits anticholinergic-like side effects such as dry mouth, urinary retention, and constipation.
The invention relates to a method and a device for concentrating and stabilising conjugated oestrogens from the urine of pregnant mares on solid supports in order to obtain a suitable starting material for producing pharmaceuticals that contain the natural mixture of these conjugated oestrogens as the active component. The inventive device is characterised by its suitability for practical, decentralised concentration and stabilisation of mixtures of conjugated oestrogens (CE) contained in the urine (PMU) of pregnant mares on a solid support (= adsorbent), especially in the proximity of the stable or field, in a column or a cartridge. The adsorber columns can be filled directly at the site of urine collection with the device. As a result, it is no longer necessary to transport large quantities of urine liquid daily to a central processing point. The filling process can take place continuously over a longer period of up to several weeks, until the adsorber column or cartridge is saturated. The leftover urine that runs off remains at the site, where suitable devices for disposal are already available. Only the filled column or cartridge is transported and the transport can take place at longer intervals and take longer, e.g., up to a few weeks. The excellent stability of the CE on the adsorber ensures that there is no risk of decomposition.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a testosterone 5α-reductase inhibitor showing a testosterone 5α-reductase inhibiting effect by including at least one type of solvent extract selected from those of gardenia, Sophora root and lsodon japonicus. SOLUTION: This stimulant contains at least one type of solvent extract selected from those of gardenia, Sophora root and lsodon japonicus at 20 to 40, 30 to 60 or 20 to 40 wt.%, respectively. The solvent extract is obtained by adequately crushing gardenia fruit, Sophora root or lsodon japonicus herb, and soaking it in a solvent [e.g. water; a hydrophilic solvent, such as lower alcohol (e.g. methanol or ethanol) or polyhydric alcohol (e.g. 1,3-butylene glycol); or a mixture thereof] kept at normal temperature to near boiling temperature.
After being informed about the study and potential risks, all patients diagnosed with idopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss who do not meet the exclusion criteria and do meet the inclusion criteria, and who give written informed consent will be enrolled in the trial. A standard treatment for ISSNHL (oral methyprednisolone) will be given to half of the patients and the other half of the patients will receive the standard treatment plus either a placebo or a 7-day course of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (a statin). Patients will return for follow up, the timing and further treatment of which will be determined by the response to the drugs. At each appointment, the patients will see the medical professional, have a hearing test, a speech in noise test, and self evaluate for tinnitus. If there is no improvement after 2 weeks, patient will be offered up to two intratympanic doses of dexamethasone, 10 days apart. This is a randomized, double-blind prospective study. Randomization of males will be separate from that of females.
All children undergoing both elective and emergent surgery or GI endoscopy evaluation will be candidates for study. Since this is an FDA approved monitor that is approved across all age groups and since this is an additional monitor over those routinely used in the operating room and since it is noninvasive (4 EKG leads) verbal consent documented in the record has been approved by the IRB.

After informed verbal consent, either the research coordinator or a study physician will populate the cardiac output device with the child's age, weight, gender and height. For older children the required 4 EKG electrodes will be applied prior to induction of anesthesia (2 on the left side of the neck and 2 on the left chest at the level of the sternal depression; for neonates and infants one electrode can be applied to the forehead and the other to a thigh if application space is a problem). For children who are not able to be cooperative, as with most of our monitors the electrodes will be placed after induction of general anesthesia. An automated anesthesia record will continuously record heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, systolic and diastolic pressures. The monitor will be set to perform these measurements every 1 minute. New software has been written that enables us to interface the cardiac output device with our automated anesthesia record. Thus the data from the cardiac output device will be inserted on the anesthesia record at approximate 1 minute intervals in real time. The data from the anesthesia records will later be downloaded as a unit to Excel spread sheets for later analysis. All demographic data will also be downloaded (age, weight, ASA physical status,surgical procedure) as well as blood loss and blood and fluid administered as well as drugs,significant intraoperative events, and the timing of events as they evolve. All data will be entered on a Partners password protected computer. Initially the patient's medical record number which links us to the electronic anesthesia record will be recorded as this allows us to download the data. Patient names will not be downloaded. Once the data set is completed,analyzed and locked, the medical record number will be removed so that no identifiers will remain. The data will not be shared with any other institution. Only deidentified data will remain on the final data base
Follows the same structure as the intervention group, but starts with a HUTS placebo angle of 1° for two weeks, followed by two intervention angles of 6° and 12° for two weeks each. The 1°-angle serves as the control intervention.
PURPOSE:A skin cosmetic with high moisturizing effect that contains muco polysaccharides obtained by extracting minced funiculi or cockcombs with an alkaline solution under heating, removing proteins from the extract with trichloroacetic acid, neutralizing, dialyzing and powdering the filtrate. CONSTITUTION:Funiculi or cockcombs are minced with a mincing cutter or the like and extracted with an alkaline solution under heating, e.g., with 0.02-0.05N NaOH solution at 60-70 deg.C under stirring. The proteins in the extract is removed with trichloro-acetic acid, the extract is filtered and neutralized with a dilute alkali. The product is dialyzed in flowing water one overnight and sterilized, then spray or freeze dried into a powder to give a muco polysacchride. The muco polysaccharide is used to produce the objective skin cosmetic. According to the present invention, muco polysaccarides including hyalurnic acid, chondroitin sulfuric acid, and mucoitin sulfuric acid are obtained through simple operations in high yield. Further, the skin cosmetic including the resultant polysaccharides shows good moisturizing effect.
Participants assigned to the Choice group will receive a list of digital (i.e., links to TED talks) and hard-copy (i.e., books) resources that focus on the science of well-being and may support well-being. It is up to participants whether and to what extent they choose to engage with these resources. A study library with 10 copies of each recommended book will be accessible to participants should they wish to read any of the suggested books. After follow-up testing, Choice group participants will be provided free access to the HMP training.
Two small balloons, which are attached to small, flexible tubes, will be put into the esophagus (food tube) and stomach through the nose. Each balloon is about 2 inches long (deflated) and about the width of a pencil tip. A gastric balloon will be inserted into subject's stomach while an esophageal balloon will be inserted into the subject's esophagus. To reduce any discomfort with this procedure, lidocaine gel or spray will be put into the subject's nose and administered to the back of the throat before the balloon. In addition, swallowing water during the procedure will help to reduce any gagging sensation and will assure that the balloon goes into the esophagus.
Fifteen WC patients will be enrolled in the study. A newly developed neuronavigated and robotized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) mapping approach will be used. It will generate a linear mediolateral excitability profile for two intrinsic hand muscle based on the mean Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs) amplitude at each stimulation site. Changes in excitability profiles will reflect spatial reorganization of cortical motor output maps of the hand muscles. To measure afferent inhibition, the same mapping procedure will be repeated with a brief peripheral electrical stimulation prior the TMS pulse. These Short Afferent Inhibition (SAI) profiles will reflect the influence of the primary sensory cortex over the motor cortex. Finally, the stimulation grid will be translated to the primary somatosensory cortex and a paired pulse TMS paradigm will be applied just after a digital nerve stimulation. It will generate afferent signal processing profiles based on subjective perception for the index finger and the little finger. Participants will be tested before the botulinum toxin injections and at three different time points after the injections (7 days, 1 month and 3 months after). Botulinum toxin injections will be performed using ultrasound guide together with electromyography/nerve stimulation into the clinical affected hand muscles. Muscle selection for injections will be based on clinical criteria of postural deviation of the hand and fingers and responsible muscle forces. The dose will be chosen according to published clinical recommendation concerning starting dose for WC after the clinical examination, usually between 5 and 10 units of Xeomin® both for flexor and extensor hand/forearm muscles.

To precisely assess treatment efficacy, the Writer's Cramp Rating Scale (WCRS) as well as computer-based hand writing analyses and standard sensorimotor tests of hand functions (the Nine Holes Peg Test, a tapping test and a tactile spatial acuity task) will be performed before the injections and at each follow up session.
Two consecutive days of \<4,500 steps per day followed by an intervention day. Intervention day consists of interrupting 8-hour sit with bike sprint protocol every 6 hours. Participants must aim to maintain \<2,500 steps on intervention day. A high fat tolerance test will be performed the following day on day 4.