anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE:The titled conjugate, obtained by linking polyoxyalkylene terminal to amino groups of hemoglobin through ether bonds, useful as an oxygen carrying substance and having improved stability for a long period and a freeze-dried pharmaceutical thereof. CONSTITUTION:A hemoglobulin-polyoxyalkylene conjugate having linked parts of a polyoxyalkylene terminal to amino groups of hemoglobin having the structural formula expressed by the formula (Hb is hemoglobin; n is 1-7). The polyoxyalkylene used for synthesizing the above-mentioned conjugate has terminals converted into -O-(CH2)n-COOH for linking to the hemoglobin. The conversion is carried out by a method for oxidizing terminal carbon atoms using a catalyst containing platinum of palladium supported on carbon, etc. The reaction with the hemoglobin is carried out by a method for forming an active ester at the peptide bond, etc. The addition of maltose and/or glucose to the freeze-dried pharmaceutical of the conjugate provides improved stability for a long period.
Patients receive lenalidomide PO on days 1-21. Courses repeat every 28 days for 2 years or longer in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
BACKGROUND: Identification of exposures in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is essential for diagnosis and management and can be facilitated through the use of exposure questionnaires. However, for most ILDs, a patient-focused questionnaire is lacking. Cognitive interviewing is a methodology used to evaluate sources of understanding and misunderstanding in a questionnaire and to provide evidence of content validity. We developed and refined a new exposure questionnaire for patients with fibrotic ILDs by using cognitive interviewing to establish its understandability and content validity.
METHODS: An exposure assessment questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary team. Cognitive interviews with 24 patients with fibrosing ILDs were conducted by trained interviewers over the phone or Zoom using a semi-structured interview guide. The questionnaire was amended based on the interviewers' interpretation of sources of misunderstanding. The revised questionnaire was tested in a second round of cognitive interviews with a different group of 24 patients.
RESULTS: Among the 48 patients who completed interviews, mean age was 61 years, 58.3% were male and 75.0% were white. Based on the first round of cognitive interviews, the multidisciplinary team modified the questions, organization, and instructions of the questionnaire to facilitate recall, adjust for exposures that were frequently misunderstood or required clarification, and focus on clinically relevant exposures. The revised questionnaire performed well in the second round of interviews.
CONCLUSION: An exposure questionnaire, developed with input from patients, can be used to assess clinically relevant exposures in adults with fibrosing ILDs. This is the first questionnaire for all types of fibrosing ILD to have undergone content validation.
FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to oncology, radiation therapy, and can be used for adjuvant hyperthermic electrotherapy combined with a remote conformal fractionated radiation therapy with underlying temozolomide in neuro-oncological patients with primary brain gliomas WHO Grade III-IV. In the postoperative period, electrotherapy is performed, which is exposed to a modulated high-frequency, 13.56 MHz, electric field of low power, once a week before a radiation therapy session. First session of the electrotherapy is performed for 10 minutes at minimum power 30 Wt. With each next session, power is gradually increased by 10 W and time by 10 minutes, achieving recommended power values of 80 W and time of 60 minutes. Session of radiation therapy is performed 30 minutes after the session of electrotherapy. Radiotherapy is carried out with administration of temozolomide 75 mg/mbefore a radiation therapy session. Radiation therapy is performed with a single basic dose of 2 Gy daily for a week with reaching a total focal dose of 60 Gy. Treatment is combined with a decongestine therapy.EFFECT: method provides higher effectiveness and good tolerability of treating this category of neuro-oncological patients by combined direct and indirect effects of hyperthermic electrotherapy, remote conformal fractionated radiation therapy and chemotherapy on glial tumour cells.1 cl, 2 ex
Drug transporters play a pivotal role in modulating drug disposition and are subject to alterations under inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to elucidate the intricate expression patterns of drug transporters during both acute and chronic inflammation, which are closely linked to malignant transformation. To investigate acute inflammation, we employed an in vitro model by subjecting Caco-2 cells to various inflammatory stimuli (IL-1β, TNF-α, or LPS) individually or in combination. The successful induction of inflammation was confirmed by robust increases in IL-6 and NO production. Notably, inflamed Caco-2 cells exhibited significantly diminished levels of ABCB1 and ABCG2, while the expression of ABCC2 was upregulated. For chronic inflammation induction in vivo, we employed the well-established AOM/DSS mouse model known for its association with colitis-driven tumorigenesis. Persistent inflammation was effectively monitored throughout the experiment via elevated IL-6 and NO levels. The sequential stages of tumorigenesis were confirmed through Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Intriguingly, we observed gradual alterations in the expression patterns of the studied drug transporters during stepwise induction, with ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1 showing downregulation and ABCC2 exhibiting upregulation. Immunohistochemistry further revealed dynamic changes in the expression of ABCB1 and ABCC2 during the induction cycles, closely paralleling the gradual increase in Ki-67 expression observed during the development of precancerous lesions. Collectively, our findings underscore the significant impact of inflammation on drug transporter expression, potentially influencing the process of malignant transformation of the colon.
The safety data described below reflect exposure to budesonide and formoterol fumarate dihydrate 160/4.5 in 1783 patients. Budesonide and formoterol fumarate dihydrate 160/4.5 was studied in two placebo-controlled lung function studies (6 and 12 months in duration), and two active-controlled exacerbation studies (6 and 12 months in duration) in patients with COPD. 

The incidence of common adverse events in Table 3 below is based upon pooled data from two double-blind, placebo-controlled lung function clinical studies (6 and 12 months in duration) in which 771 adult COPD patients (496 males and 275 females) 40 years of age and older were treated with budesonide and formoterol fumarate dihydrate 160/4.5, two inhalations twice daily. Of these patients 651 were treated for 6 months and 366 were treated for 12 months. The budesonide and formoterol fumarate dihydrate group was composed of mostly Caucasian (93%) patients with a mean age of 63 years, and a mean percent predicted FEV1 at baseline of 33%. Control arms for comparison included 2 inhalations of budesonide HFA (MDI) 160 mcg, formoterol (DPI) 4.5 mcg or placebo (MDI and DPI) twice daily. Table 3 includes all adverse events that occurred at an incidence of ≥3% in the budesonide and formoterol fumarate dihydrate group and more commonly than in the placebo group. In considering these data, the increased average duration of patient exposure to budesonide and formoterol fumarate dihydrate should be taken into account, as incidences are not adjusted for an imbalance of treatment duration.

Lung infections other than pneumonia (mostly bronchitis) occurred in a greater percentage of subjects treated with budesonide and formoterol fumarate dihydrate 160/4.5 compared with placebo (7.9% vs. 5.1%, respectively). There were no clinically important or unexpected patterns of abnormalities observed for up to 1 year in chemistry, hematology, ECG, ECG (Holter) monitoring, HPA-axis, bone mineral density and ophthalmology assessments.

The safety findings from the two double-blind, active-controlled exacerbations studies (6 and 12 months in duration) in which 1012 adult COPD patients (616 males and 396 females) 40 years of age and older were treated with budesonide and formoterol fumarate dihydrate 160/4.5, two inhalations twice daily were consistent with the lung function studies.
The invention discloses mosquito-repellent floral water and a preparation method thereof. The mosquito-repellent floral water comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-25 percent of lemongrass extracting solution, 7-9 percent of glycerin, 0.5-0.7 percent of sodium chloride, 10-15 percent of ethanol and the balance of water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, weighing raw materials; step 2, adding water, ethanol and sodium chloride into the reaction kettle, and stirring, thereby obtaining a mixture A; step 3, adding glycerin into the mixture A, and stirring, thereby obtaining a mixture B; and step 4, adding the lemongrass extract into the mixture B, stirring, standing, and defoaming, thereby obtaining the mosquito-repellent floral water. The mosquito-repellent floral water is prepared by taking the lemongrass extracting solution as a raw material, and the raw materials are green and natural and do not have any irritating effect to a human body. Because the lemongrass has the fragrance of lemon, the addition amount of essence is reduced, and the floral water is particularly suitable for children. In addition, the floral water prepared by the lemongrass is long in drug effect, and mosquito bites can be effectively avoided.
Genetic skeletal disorders (GSDs) are a large group of rare diseases caused by abnormalities in genes regulating skeletal development. This 5-year project aims to (1) search for genetic causes for yet unsolved congenital skeletal disorders; (2) study consequences of the newly identified pathogenic variants in cells and in transgenic mice, (3) summarize data on natural course and complications for different GSD groups. The project is a collaboration between the Dept of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Lab of Clinical Genetics and Lab of Bone and Cartilage Physiology, Karolinska Institutet and Sahlgrenska Academy. In a well-characterized group of 300 GSD participants whose DNA samples were analyzed using whole genome sequencing (WGS), there are 120 study participants with unsolved diagnoses. For those participants, we search for molecular causes of GSDs using WGS and total RNA sequencing. Candidate gene variants are selected using genome or transcriptome sequencing data, clinical findings and screening of omics databases. Causality of the new variants is studied in cells and in transgenic mice models. Molecular and clinical findings are summarized for different GSD groups. Our results improve diagnostics for GSDs, advance knowledge on pathogenesis and help establishing new individual follow-up and treatment strategies for patients with GSDs. This project increases understanding of skeletal pathophysiology and will contribute to the development of novel treatment methods for skeletal diseases.
In the 2 year study, trabecular BMD was assessed at lumbar spine using quantitative computed tomography. A total of 419 postmenopausal primarily Caucasian women, 40 to 64 years of age, with intact uteri and non-osteoporotic bone mineral densities were randomized (1:1:1) to norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets 1/5, NA/EE 0.5/2.5 or placebo. Approximately 75 percent of the women in each group completed the two-year study. All women received 1000 mg calcium in divided doses. Vitamin D was not supplemented.

As shown in Figure 3, women treated with norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets 1/5 had an average increase of 3.1 percent in lumbar spine BMD from baseline to Month 24. Women treated with placebo had average decreases of –6.3 percent in spinal BMD from baseline to Month 24. The differences in the changes from baseline to Month 24 in the norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets 1/5 group compared with the placebo group was statistically significant.

Figure 3. Mean Percent Change (+ SE) From Baseline in Volumetric Bone Mineral Density* at Lumbar Spine Measured by Quantitative Computed Tomography after 12 and 24 Months of Treatment (Intent-to-Treat Population)

  
*It should be noted that when measured by QCT, BMD gains and losses are greater than when measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Therefore, the differences in the changes in BMD between the placebo and active drug treated groups will be larger when measured by QCT compared with DXA. Changes in BMD measured by DXA should not be compared with changes in BMD measured by QCT.
NEW MATERIAL:A monoalkali metal salt of a compound shown by the formula [R1 is vinyl, CH(CH3)OR (R is lower alkyl)]. EXAMPLE:Monosodium protoporphyrin. USE:Since the titled salt is easily water soluble and causes no precipitation even in a cold place, it is preferable as an injection. PREPARATION:A dialkali metal salt of porphyrin compound (e.g., disodium protoporphyrin, etc.) shown by the formula is suspended in water, and dissolved under heating at 70-90 deg.C while applying ultrasonic wave to it. The compound is then reacted with an equimolar amount (or a little excess) of an acidic substance (preferably weakly acidic ion exchange resin, etc.) preferably for 2-5hr, to neutralize half of the dialkali metal salt.
Methyltestosterone, USP is an androgen. Androgens are derivatives of cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Endogenous androgens are C-19 steroids with a side chain at C-17, and with two angular methyl groups. Testosterone is the primary endogenous androgen. Fluoxymesterone and methyltestosterone are synthetic derivatives of testosterone.

Methyltestosterone is a white to light yellow crystalline substance that is virtually insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. It is stable in air but decomposes in light.

Methyltestosterone structural formula:

Esterified Estrogens and Methyltestosterone Tablets contain the following inactive ingredients: Anhydrous Lactose, Colloidal Silicon Dioxide,D&C Yellow#10, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Yellow #6, Magnesium Stearate, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Polyethylene Glycol, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Citrate, Talc, and Titanium Dioxide. 

Esterified Estrogens and Methyltestosterone Tablets H.S. contain the following inactive ingredients: Anhydrous Lactose, Colloidal Silicon Dioxide, D&C Yellow #10, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Blue #2, Magnesium Stearate, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Polyethylene Glycol, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Citrate, Talc, and Titanium Dioxide.
FIELD: intestinal surgery. SUBSTANCE: invention is aimed at preventing postoperative complications in surgical treatment of small intestine caused by prolonged loss of intestine content through stoma. Method is realized in the following way. Abdominal cavity is first opened (laparotomy). Blind end of abduction portion of small intestine is resected and, into its lumen, microcatheter is inserted to ileocecal corner. Once dilated part is resected, induction portion of small intestine is anastomosed into the side of abduction one at a distance 6-8 cm to its end, which is led out onto anterior abdominal wall through a separate section in the form of intestinal stoma. In postoperative period beginning from 2-3rd day, into lumen of abduct intestine, glucose-polyglucin mixture (40 and 33 vol. % respectively) is entered daily. Amount of entered mixture corresponds to volume of lumen of small intestine. This procedure lasts for 5-10 days until independent defecation occurs. glucose-polyglucin mixture promotes faster recovery of evacuation function of abduction portion of small intestine and thereby prevents considerable loss of intestinal content through T-shaped stoma, which otherwise would give rise to postoperative complications: maceration skin integument around stoma and emaciation of baby. EFFECT: improved operation procedure.
A: This will be a single arm study. Patients will be administered Lucentis™ on Day 1,at Months 1 and 2, and then as needed at intervals of at least 30 days through Month 11 based on the retreatment criteria algorithm. These patients will also be administered Visudyne® only on Day 3.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been reported as a complication after pancreatic surgery. The aim of this study is to assess this phenomenon in a Belgian population, specifically in a period in time when less perioperative chemotherapy was given.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective monocentric cohort study with 124 selected patients who underwent pancreatic surgery - pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), distal pancreatectomy (DP) or total pancreatectomy - between 2005 and 2014. Steatosis was assessed radiologically, using Hounsfield units on liver and spleen. Data on imaging, liver function, weight and other relevant parameters were gathered preoperatively as well as 2 and 6 months, 1 and 2 years after surgery.
RESULTS: Thirty-eight (31%) out of 124 patients developed liver steatosis at least at one point in time in the two years following surgery, with a prevalence of 21.0% at 2 months, 28.6% at 6 months, 16.4% at 1 year and 20.8 % at 2 years. A statistically significant association with preoperative AST and ALT values, administration of pancreatic enzyme supplementation as a surrogate for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) and weight loss at 2 years was detected.
CONCLUSION: MAFLD is seen in 31% of patients with PD or DP pancreatic resection in this retrospective analysis of a monocentric Belgian cohort. Both early and late onset of MAFLD was observed, implying that long-term follow-up is necessary. Clinical impact as well as a direct correlation with patients' weight and oral enzyme supplements needs to be further investigated.
The primary aim of this project is to examine whether adolescent depression and the family context within which it develops is best treated using an individual adolescent intervention or an intervention that includes both the adolescent and the parents. This will be accomplished by conducting a randomized controlled pilot study of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents (IPT-A) in comparison to Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents and Parents (IPT-AP). Twenty-two families with adolescents (ages 12-17) who meet criteria for major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, depressive disorder NOS, or adjustment disorder with depressed mood and also report elevated levels of parent-adolescent relationship problems will be randomized to receive IPT-A or IPT-AP. Assessments will be administered at screening, baseline, week 4, week 8, week 12, week 16 (post-treatment), and 4 months post-treatment. Outcome measures will include depression symptoms, quality of parent-adolescent relationships, parents' and adolescents' communication skills (assessed through observational coding of a parent-adolescent conflict negotiation task), and adolescents' physiological stress responses to negotiating conflict with a parent (assessed through collection of salivary cortisol). Identifying the best approach to treating both the adolescent's depression and the family environment in which it develops and is maintained would have significant implications for the long-term outcomes of depressed adolescents and their families.
BACKGROUND: Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction (AIT) is a side-effect associated with the use of Amiodarone for the treatment of refractory arrythmias. Resulting hyperthyroidism can precipitate cardiac complications, including cardiac ischemia and myocardial infarction, although this has only been described in a few case reports.
CASE PRESENTATION: We present here a clinical scenario involving a 66-year-old male Caucasian patient under Amiodarone for atrial fibrillation, who developed AIT. In the presence of dyspnea, multiple cardiovascular risk factors and ECG abnormalities, a transthoracic echocardiogram was performed, showing inferobasal hypokinesia. This led to further investigations through a cardiac PET-CT, where cardiac ischemia was suspected. Ultimately, the coronary angiography revealed no abnormalities. Nonetheless, these extensive cardiologic investigations led to a delay in initiating an emergency endovascular revascularization for acute-on-chronic left limb ischemia. Although initial treatment using Carbimazole was not successful after three weeks, the patient reached euthyroidism after completion of the treatment with Prednisone so that eventually thyroidectomy was not performed. Endovascular revascularization was finally performed after more than one month.
CONCLUSIONS: We discuss here cardiac abnormalities in patients with AIT, which may be due to relative ischemia secondary to increased metabolic demand during hyperthyroidism. Improvement of cardiac complications is expected through an optimal AIT therapy including medical therapy as the primary approach and, when necessary, thyroidectomy. Cardiac investigations in the context of AIT should be carefully considered and may not justify delaying other crucial interventions. If considered mandatory, diagnostic procedures such as coronary angiography should be preferred to functional testing.
BACKGROUND: As several recent studies have shown low mortality rates in burn injury induced ARDS early (≤7 days) after the burn, the Berlin criteria for the ARDS diagnosis in this setting may be disputed. Related to this issue, the present study investigated the incidence, trajectory and risk factors of early Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and outcome in burn patients, as per the Berlin criteria, along with the concurrent prevalence and influence of inhalation injury, and ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP).
METHODS: Over a 2.5-year period, burn patients with Total Burn Surface Area (TBSA) exceeding 10% admitted to a national burn center were included. The subgroup of interest comprised patients with more than 48 h of ventilatory support. This group was assessed for ARDS, inhalation injury, and VAP.
RESULTS: Out of 292 admissions, 62 sustained burns > 10% TBSA. Of these, 28 (45%) underwent ventilatory support for over 48 h, almost all, 24 out of 28, meeting the criteria for ARDS early, within 7 days post-injury and with a PaO2/FiO2 (PF) ratio nadir at day 5. The mortality rate for this early ARDS group was under 10%, regardless of PF ratios (mean TBSA% 34,8%). Patients with concurrent inhalation injury and early ARDS showed significantly lower PF ratios (p < 0.001), and higher SOFA scores (p = 0.004) but without impact on mortality. Organ failure, indicated by SOFA scores, peaked early (day 3) and declined in the first week, mirroring PF ratio trends (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The low mortality associated with early ARDS in burn patients in this study challenges the Berlin criteria's for the early ARDS diagnosis, which for its validity relies on that higher mortality is linked to worsening PF ratios. The finding suggests alternative mechanisms, leading to the early ARDS diagnosis, such as the significant impact of inhalation injury on early PF ratios and organ failure, as seen in this study. The concurrence of early organ failure with declining PF ratios, supports, as expected, the hypothesis of trauma-induced inflammation/multi-organ failure mechanisms contributing to early ARDS. The study highlights the complexity in differentiating between the contributions of inhalation injury to early ARDS and the related organ dysfunction early in the burn care trajectory. The Berlin criteria for the ARDS diagnosis may not be fully applicable in the burn care setting, where the low mortality significantly deviates from that described in the original Berlin ARDS criteria publication but is as expected when considering the actual not very extensive burn injury sizes/Baux scores as in the present study.