anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In the estrogen alone substudy of WHI, the risk of VTE (DVT and pulmonary embolism [PE]), was reported to be increased for women receiving daily CE compared to placebo (30 versus 22 per 10,000 women-years), although only the increased risk of DVT reached statistical significance (23 versus 15 per 10,000 women years). The increase in VTE risk was demonstrated during the first 2 years. (See CLINICAL STUDIES.)

In the estrogen plus progestin substudy of WHI, a statistically significant 2-fold greater rate of VTE was reported in women receiving daily CE/MPA compared to placebo (35 versus 17 per 10,000 women-years). Statistically significant increases in risk for both DVT (26 versus 13 per 10,000 women-years) and PE (18 versus 8 per 10,000 women years) were also demonstrated. The increase in VTE risk was demonstrated during the first year and persisted. (See CLINICAL STUDIES.)

If feasible, estrogens should be discontinued at least 4 to 6 weeks before surgery of the type associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism, or during periods of prolonged immobilization.
The invention relates to an externally applied ointment for treating burns and scalds and a preparation method thereof. The externally applied ointment is mainly used for treating injury of the body surfaces of human bodies caused by external heat. The externally applied ointment consists of the following Chinese herbal medicines in part by weight: 100 to 400 parts of borneol, 150 to 400 parts of sanguisorba officinalis, 100 to 200 parts of coptis chinensis franch, 100 to 200 parts of frankincense, 100 to 200 parts of myrrh, 100 parts of pearl, 800 parts of vaseline, and 500 parts of badger fat. The ointment can promote resurrection and regeneration of deep and superficial tissues. When the ointment is used clinically, granulation on the surfaces of burns and scalds is fresh, and tissues of the surfaces of burns and scalds are soft without swell. The ointment has 'powerful bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effects', quickens metabolism and repair of the surfaces of the burns and the scalds, vivifies the growth of cells, and realizes ideal clinical healing.
The development of individuality during learned behavior is a common trait observed across animal species; however, the underlying biological mechanisms remain understood. Similar to human speech, songbirds develop individually unique songs with species-specific traits through vocal learning. In this study, we investigate the developmental and molecular mechanisms underlying individuality in vocal learning by utilizing F1 hybrid songbirds (Taeniopygia guttata cross with Taeniopygia bichenovii), taking an integrating approach combining experimentally controlled systematic song tutoring, unbiased discriminant analysis of song features, and single-cell transcriptomics. When tutoring with songs from both parental species, F1 hybrid individuals exhibit evident diversity in their acquired songs. Approximately 30% of F1 hybrids selectively learn either song of the two parental species, while others develop merged songs that combine traits from both species. Vocal acoustic biases during vocal babbling initially appear as individual differences in songs among F1 juveniles and are maintained through the sensitive period of song vocal learning. These vocal acoustic biases emerge independently of the initial auditory experience of hearing the biological father's and passive tutored songs. We identify individual differences in transcriptional signatures in a subset of cell types, including the glutamatergic neurons projecting from the cortical vocal output nucleus to the hypoglossal nuclei, which are associated with variations of vocal acoustic features. These findings suggest that a genetically predisposed vocal motor bias serves as the initial origin of individual variation in vocal learning, influencing learning constraints and preferences.
FIELD: pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention claims water-soluble nimesulid and L-lysine salt formed as product of reaction between nimesulid and L-lysine with anti-inflammatory activity. Method of its preparing involves dissolution of nimesulid and L-lysine in methanol followed by separation of formed salt from methanol and/or concentrating by evaporation. Invention proposes also compositions with anti-inflammatory activity based on nimesulid with cyclodextrin. Invention describes nimesulid salt aqueous solution and pharmaceutical composition with anti-inflammatory activity. EFFECT: improved method of salt preparing. 17 cl, 28 dwg, 6 tbl, 15 ex
Phase A: Oral tablets of placebo matching sitagliptin 200 mg q.d. Phase B: Oral tablets of sitagliptin 200 mg q.d.
Participants receive oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil via pump over 46 hours on beginning on day 1, bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on days 1 and 15, and use NovoTTF-100L(P) system over 18 hours daily. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine, in particular a health-care product for preventing and treating eye diseases. The health care product for preventing and treating the eye diseases is characterized by being mainly prepared from peony seed oil and blueberries. The medicine disclosed by the invention has the efficacies of strengthening the immunity of a human body, promoting blood circulation and preventing sight from lowering, and has remarkable curative effects on eye fatigue, glaucoma and cataract. The two kinds of raw materials which can be used as food are combined and made into a health care medicine which is convenient to take, so that the health care medicine not only has the treatment curative effect of medicines but also has safety and stability of the food. The health care product has the effect of treating both manifestation and root cause of the visual fatigue. The health care product is fast in medicine effect, good in curative effect and zero in toxic or side effects, and the effective rate is as high as 100%.
OBJECTIVES: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is common and carries significant personal and societal burden. Accurate assessment is necessary for good clinical and research practice but is highly dependent on the assessment technique used. Current practice with regards to UK/international clinical assessment is unknown. We aimed to capture current clinical practice, with reference to contemporaneously available guidelines. We further aimed to compare UK to international practice.
DESIGN: Anonymous online questionnaire with cross-sectional non-probability sampling. Subgroup analysis according to subspeciality training in rhinology ('rhinologists' and 'non-rhinologists') was performed, with geographical comparisons only made according to subgroup.
PARTICIPANTS: ENT surgeons who assess olfaction.
RESULTS: Responses were received from 465 clinicians (217 from UK and 17 countries total). Country-specific response rate varied, with the lowest rate being obtained from Japan (1.4%) and highest from Greece (72.5%). Most UK clinicians do not perform psychophysical smell testing during any of the presented clinical scenarios-though rhinologists did so more often than non-rhinologists. The most frequent barriers to testing related to service provision (e.g., time/funding limitations). Whilst there was variability in practice, in general, international respondents performed psychophysical testing more frequently than those from the UK. Approximately 3/4 of all respondents said they would like to receive training in psychophysical smell testing. Patient reported outcome measures were infrequently used in the UK/internationally. More UK respondents performed diagnostic MRI scanning than international respondents.
CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive UK-based, and only international survey of clinical practice in the assessment of OD. We present recommendations to improve practice, including increased education and funding for psychophysical smell testing. We hope this will promote accurate and reliable olfactory assessment, as is the accepted standard in other sensory systems.
See illustrated Patient's Instructions for Use.

The action of Levalbuterol HCl Inhalation Solution may last up to 8 hours. Levalbuterol HCl Inhalation Solution should not be used more frequently than recommended. Do not increase the dose or frequency of dosing of Levalbuterol HCl Inhalation Solution without consulting your physician. If you find that treatment with Levalbuterol HCl Inhalation Solution becomes less effective for symptomatic relief, your symptoms become worse, and/or you need to use the product more frequently than usual, you should seek medical attention immediately. While you are taking Levalbuterol HCl Inhalation Solution, other inhaled drugs and asthma medications should be taken only as directed by your physician. Common adverse effects include palpitations, chest pain, rapid heart rate, headache, dizziness, and tremor or nervousness. If you are pregnant or nursing, contact your physician about the use of Levalbuterol HCl Inhalation Solution.

Effective and safe use of Levalbuterol HCl Inhalation Solution requires consideration of the following information in addition to that provided under Patient's Instructions for Use:

Levalbuterol HCl Inhalation Solution single-use low-density polyethylene (LDPE) vials should be protected from light and excessive heat. Store in the protective foil pouch between 20°C and 25°C (68°F and 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Do not use after the expiration date stamped on the container. Unused vials should be stored in the protective foil pouch. Once the foil pouch is opened, the vials should be used within 2 weeks. Vials removed from the pouch, if not used immediately, should be protected from light and used within 1 week. Discard any vial if the solution is not colorless.

The drug compatibility (physical and chemical), efficacy, and safety of Levalbuterol HCl Inhalation Solution when mixed with other drugs in a nebulizer have not been established.
Worldwide, childhood obesity cases continue to rise, and its prevalence is known to increase the risk of non-communicable diseases typically found in adults, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, comprehending its multiple causes to build healthier approaches and revert this scenario is urgent. Obesity development is strongly associated with high fructose intake since the excessive consumption of this highly lipogenic sugar leads to white fat accumulation and causes white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulated adipokine release. Unfortunately, the global consumption of fructose has increased dramatically in recent years, which is associated with the fact that fructose is not always evident to consumers, as it is commonly added as a sweetener in food and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Therefore, here, we discuss the impact of excessive fructose intake on adipose tissue biology, its contribution to childhood obesity, and current strategies for reducing high fructose and/or free sugar intake. To achieve such reductions, we conclude that it is important that the population has access to reliable information about food ingredients via food labels. Consumers also need scientific education to understand potential health risks to themselves and their children.
Venetoclax is a first-in-class B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitor approved as continuous monotherapy and in combination with rituximab as fixed-treatment duration for relapsed and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (R/R CLL). DEVOTE was a 24-week, multicenter observational study (NCT03310190) evaluating the safety, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients initiating venetoclax for R/R CLL in Canada. Overall, 89 patients received 1 dose of venetoclax; 80% had prior exposure (42% resistant) to ibrutinib. Biochemical tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) occurred in five patients. We observed differences in hospitalization across Canadian provinces including in patients at low risk for TLS with no clear impact on TLS incidence. Additionally, a rapid and sustained improvement in several domains of HRQoL was observed during venetoclax initiation. Early adoption of venetoclax was mainly for R/R CLL patients with few treatment options; nonetheless, acceptable toxicity and a positive impact on HRQoL were observed.
Neuropathic pain is a common symptom of diabetic neuropathy, and predominantly involves the lower limbs. Current strategies for the management of painful diabetic neuropathy include improved glycemic control, use of analgesics and addition of tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants. However, many patients experience unsatisfactory responses and some undesired side effects. Considerable evidence implicates impaired nitric oxide synthesis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathic pain. Several small studies have shown that topical nitroglycerin ointment has local vasodilating properties, and a previous study has demonstrated that isosorbide dinitrate in spray form as a nitric oxide donor relieved some neuropathic symptoms in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. Based on the findings, the investigators hypothesize that nitric oxide gel could be used as an alternative pain-relieving agent for patients with resistant diabetic neuropathic pain.
BACKGROUND: With the aim to optimize communication during HPV vaccination campaigns in France, we elicited parental preferences around HPV vaccination.
METHODS: We conducted a single-profile discrete choice experiment (DCE) among parents of 11- to 14-year-old middle-school pupils, who completed an anonymous, self-administered, internet-based questionnaire during 2020-2021. The DCE comprised five attributes (vaccine-preventable disease, justification of optimal age, information on safety, indirect protection and coverage) of vaccination against an unnamed disease that were presented to respondents in ten choice tasks, or scenarios. We use fixed effect logit models to estimate attribute weights on theoretical vaccine acceptance, and random effect linear regression to estimate attribute coefficients on vaccine eagerness (decision and decision certainty). We estimated marginal effects of attributes on expected vaccine acceptance.
RESULTS: Vaccination scenarios were accepted by 55.6-89.2% of the 1291 participants. The largest marginal effects on expected vaccine acceptance in the full sample arose from prevention of cancer versus genital warts (+ 11.3 percentage points); from a "severe side effect suspicion that was not scientifically confirmed" versus a statement about "more benefits than risks" (+ 8.9 percentage points), and information on 80% vaccine coverage in neighbouring countries versus on "insufficient coverage" (+ 4.2 percentage points). Explaining the early age of vaccination by sexual debut had a strong negative impact among French monolingual parents with lower education level (vs age-independent, OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27-0.86), but not other socio-economic groups. After removing low-quality responses (unvaried certainty and short questionnaire completion), among serial non-demanders with children not vaccinated against HPV, only disease elimination impacted vaccine eagerness positively (coefficient 0.54, 0.06-1.02).
DISCUSSION: Using DCEs to elicit parents' preferences around communication messages, notably on cancer prevention, vaccine coverage and information about vaccine safety, could help to optimize HPV vaccination promotion efforts.
Patients receive nab-paclitaxel/rituximab-coated nanoparticle AR160 IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15. Cycles repeat every 28 days for up to 12 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Participants received a fixed blinding dose of placebo matched to selinexor twice-weekly on Day 1 and 3 during each 6-week (42-day) cycle until PD in double-blinded treatment period. Participants in the placebo group who had PD during the Phase 2 double-blinded treatment, will be elected to cross over to open-label selinexor.
The intervention group will follow the current HRLBO protocol, with the addition of an Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) regimen. Subjects will train only inspiratory muscle strength if they do not achieve weaning or complete disconnection from mechanical ventilation. Once they achieve weaning or disconnection, the new IMT regimen, combining strength and endurance training, will begin. On days when MIP evaluation is scheduled according to the IMT protocol, training time will be replaced by evaluation to avoid excessive ventilatory workload, limiting training to once a day. If a patient exhibits two or more clinical criteria for respiratory failure, IMT will be suspended for that day. These criteria include: RR \> 35 bpm; SpO2 \< 88%; HR \> 130 bpm; SBP \> 180 mmHg or \< 90 mmHg; Modified Borg score \> 6, signs of agitation, sweating, or altered consciousness.
When benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants are used with Remifentanil Hydrochloride for injection, pulmonary arterial pressure may be decreased. This fact should be considered by those who conduct diagnostic and surgical procedures where interpretation of pulmonary arterial pressure measurements might determine final management of the patient. When high dose or anesthetic dosages of Remifentanil Hydrochloride for injection are employed, even relatively small dosages of diazepam may cause cardiovascular depression.   
  
When Remifentanil Hydrochloride for injection is used with CNS depressants, hypotension can occur. If it occurs, consider the possibility of hypovolemia and manage with appropriate parenteral fluid therapy. When operative conditions permit, consider repositioning the patient to improve venous return to the heart. Exercise care in moving and repositioning of patients because of the possibility of orthostatic hypotension. If volume expansion with fluids plus other countermeasures do not correct hypotension, consider administration of pressor agents other than epinephrine. Epinephrine may paradoxically decrease blood pressure in patients treated with a neuroleptic that blocks alpha adrenergic activity.   
  
Hypotension, profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result from the concomitant use of Remifentanil Hydrochloride for injection with benzodiazepines and/or other CNS depressants, including alcohol (e.g., non-benzodiazepine sedatives/hypnotics, anxiolytics, tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, general anesthetics, antipsychotics, other opioids). Patients should be advised to avoid alcohol for 24 hours after surgery [see Drug Interactions (7)].   
  
Observational studies have demonstrated that concomitant use of opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines increases the risk of drug-related mortality compared to use of opioid analgesics alone. Because of similar pharmacological properties, it is reasonable to expect similar risk with the concomitant use of other CNS depressant drugs with opioid analgesics [see Drug Interactions (7)].   
  
If the decision is made to manage postoperative pain with Remifentanil Hydrochloride for injection concomitantly with a benzodiazepine or other CNS depressant, start dosing with the lowest effective dosage and titrate based on clinical response. Monitor patients closely for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension. Fluids or other measures to counter hypotension should be available [see Drug Interactions (7)].
The invention belongs to the pharmaceutical preparation field and discloses an osmotic pump type controlled release preparation of etodolac and a preparation method thereof. An osmotic pump tablet comprises a tablet core and a controlled release semipermeable coating film that is coated outside the tablet core and with a hole for releasing drug. The tablet core comprises materials by following weight percentage: 60.9 to 65.5 percent of etodolac, 27.1 to 31.2 percent of osmotic pressure active material, 5.5 to 8.0 percent of an auxiliary material that can ensure the basic remedy to be released easily and the rest is other auxiliary materials. The osmotic pump controlled release semipermeable coating film comprises by materials by following weight percentage: 71.4 to 76.9 percent of semipermeable high molecular coating material and 23.1 to 28.6 percent of pore-forming agent. The manners of pore-forming include a mechanical drilling and a laser boring. By adjusting the prescription of the tablet core and the coating film in the invention, the speed of constant release of drug can be effectively regulated so as to obtain a steadier, lasting and effective blood concentration, thus reducing the side effect of drug and times of dosage, and promoting the compliance of a sufferer. The osmotic pump type controlled release preparation of etodolac of the invention can be widely used for treating diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis deformans and osteoarthritisetc.
The objective of this study was to find out whether the bioavailability of tamsulosin 0.4 mg sustained release film coated tablet produced by PT Dexa Medica is equivalent to that of the comparator drug (Harnal® OCAS 0.4 mg Prolonged Release Tablet produced by Astellas Pharma Europe B.V., The Netherlands, imported by PT Combiphar, Indonesia) when administered under fasting condition in healthy subjects. This was an open-label, randomized, single-dose, four-period, two-sequence, fully replicate study under fasting conditions which included 28 healthy adult male subjects. The participating subjects were required to have an 8 hours overnight fast and in the next morning (first day of period) were given orally the test drug (tamsulosin 0.4 mg sustained release film coated tablet produced by PT Dexa Medica) or the comparator drug (Harnal® OCAS 0.4 mg Prolonged Release Tablet produced by Astellas Pharma Europe B.V., The Netherlands, imported by PT Combiphar, Indonesia) with total 200 mL of water. The subjects' oral cavity was checked thoroughly to confirm complete medication and fluid consumption after dosing. Blood samples were drawn before taking the drug (control), and at 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00, 6.00, 7.00, 8.00, 9.00, 10.00, 11.00, 12.00, 18.00, 24.00, 36.00, 48.00 and 72.00 hours after drug administration. These blood samples were used to investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters of Tamsulosin following single dose administration. The plasma concentrations of Tamsulosin were determined by using validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy detection (UPLC-MS/MS method).
The skin and leakage protocol was used over a 5 day baseline period. The follow up was done 25 days later by another 5 day period of protocol use to observe any changes in continence care.
Chronic predator stress (CPS) is an important and ecologically relevant tool for inducing anhedonia in animals, but the neural circuits underlying the associated neurobiological changes remain to be identified. Using cell-type-specific manipulations, we found that corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the medial subthalamic nucleus (mSTN) enhance struggle behaviors in inescapable situations and lead to anhedonia, predominately through projections to the external globus pallidus (GPe). Recordings of in vivo neuronal activity revealed that CPS distorted mSTN-CRH neuronal responsivity to negative and positive stimuli, which may underlie CPS-induced behavioral despair and anhedonia. Furthermore, we discovered presynaptic inputs from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) to mSTN-CRH neurons projecting to the GPe that were enhanced following CPS, and these inputs may mediate such behaviors. This study identifies a neurocircuitry that co-regulates escape response and anhedonia in response to predator stress. This new understanding of the neural basis of defensive behavior in response to predator stress will likely benefit our understanding of neuropsychiatric diseases.