According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) public health statistics on neurological diseases, it is expected that by 2030, neurological injuries caused by brain trauma will become the leading cause of disability of neurological diseases, and Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease combined two to three times. More than 50 million people worldwide suffer from TBI each year, and about half of the world's population may experience one or more TBI in their lifetime. As a potential risk factor, TBI will increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases by 1.5 times, and up to 30%-70% of TBI patients will develop neurological symptoms. Brain injury is an important global medical, public health and social problem. Early diagnosis and effective treatment can effectively reduce the disability rate of patients and the incidence of neurological sequelae, which has become a hot topic in the international scientific research community. This study focuses on the construction of the core injury model of cognitive impairment caused by moderate traumatic brain injury, takes multi-parameter MR Scanning as the main line of research, and focuses on the analysis of cognitive impairment caused by white matter structure injury and brain function covariation involved in this study as the breakthrough point, and carries out research on key scientific issues such as the validity verification of cognitive prognosis after moderate traumatic brain injury.

This study was conducted mainly on moderate brain trauma, combined with related departments of neurosurgery, imaging, laboratory, rehabilitation and pain. The research objective is to collect 50 patients with brain trauma and 50 healthy control group from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University and Ankang Central Hospital. The magnetic resonance, hematology, stool and neuropsychology scale 3 indicators. Magnetic resonance examination: For patients with moderate craniocerebral trauma who meet the inclusion criteria, head MRI scans were performed in the subacute period after injury (within 10 to 21 days) and 3-6 months (chronic phase); for the control group with age, gender, education, skill and disease group and with no psychiatric or neurological diseases. The scanning sequence includes: (1) 3-pl (the positioning image requires the preservation of the whole brain, Including the overhead scalp to all the cerebellum) (check the parameters before scanning); (2) T2-FLAIR (brain condition prediction, If any abnormal lesion, The scan should be stopped immediately) (3) T1-weighted 3D-MPRAGE (4) DTI (5) Resting State (BOLD) (positioning line parallel to AC-PC line) (6) MAGiC (7) ASL 5. Neuropsychological evaluation: patients with moderate brain trauma before or within 48 hours after each scan; For healthy controls matched for sex, age, education, and literacy, Neuropsychological scale assessments were performed at 48 hours after completing the MRI examination. The scale includes pain after TBI, memory, executive function, information processing, TBI recovery, anxiety, and depression.6. Hematology and stool data collection: collect data of hematological markers (whole blood samples to our hospital (0 days), the first MR scan (10\~21 days) and 24 hours before (3-6 months after injury) (3 mL \* 2, serum samples 3 mL \* 1 / time), collect stool samples (about 1mg) before the first MR scan and 24 hours before the second MR scan.