anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis or acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) often require intensive care unit (ICU) admission for organ support. Existing research, mostly from specialized liver transplant centers, largely addresses short-term outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate in-hospital mortality and 1-year transplant-free survival after hospital discharge in the Netherlands.
METHODS: We conducted a nationwide observational cohort study, including patients with a history of cirrhosis or first complications of cirrhotic portal hypertension admitted to ICUs in the Netherlands between 2012 and 2020. The influence of ACLF grade at ICU admission on 1-year transplant-free survival after hospital discharge among hospital survivors was evaluated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier survival curves and an adjusted Cox proportional hazard model.
RESULTS: Out of the 3,035 patients, 1,819 (59.9%) had ACLF-3. 1,420 patients (46.8%) survived hospitalization after ICU admission. The overall probability of 1-year transplant-free survival after hospital discharge was 0.61 (95% CI 0.59-0.64). This rate varied with ACLF grade at ICU admission, being highest in patients without ACLF (0.71; 95% CI 0.66-0.76) and lowest in those with ACLF-3 (0.53 [95% CI 0.49-0.58]) (log-rank p <0.0001). However, after adjusting for age, malignancy status and MELD score, ACLF grade at ICU admission was not associated with an increased risk of liver transplantation or death within 1 year after hospital discharge.
CONCLUSION: In this nationwide cohort study, ACLF grade at ICU admission did not independently affect 1-year transplant-free survival after hospital discharge. Instead, age, presence of malignancy and the severity of liver disease played a more prominent role in influencing transplant-free survival after hospital discharge.
IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure often require intensive care unit (ICU) admission for organ support. In these patients, short-term mortality is high, but long-term outcomes of survivors remain unknown. Using a large nationwide cohort of ICU patients, we discovered that the severity of acute-on-chronic liver failure at ICU admission does not influence 1-year transplant-free survival after hospital discharge. Instead, age, malignancy status and overall severity of liver disease are more critical factors in determining their long-term survival.
OZ439 800 mg (as free base) as powder in a bottle (PIB)for reconstitution in a suspension prior to administration. Administered 30 minutes after a standard fatty breakfast.
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of global mortality and disability. Nevertheless, successful treatment remains limited. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and the mechanism of miR-96-5p in protecting acute ischemic brain injury in adult mice. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in adult male C57BL/6 mice. MiR-96-5p or the negative control was administered via intracerebroventricular injection. The expression of pyroptosis-related genes and activation of various resident cells in the brain was assessed by RT-qPCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Modified neurological severity score, rotarod test, cylinder test, brain water content, and cerebral infarction volume were used to evaluate the behavioral deficits and the severity of brain injury after MCAO. Flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, and Nissl staining were employed to assess the neuron damage. MiR-96-5p decreased markedly in the ischemic stroke model in vivo and in vitro. MiR-96-5p mimics suppressed the expression of caspase 1 and alleviated the apoptosis rate in OGD/R treatment N2a cells, however, the miR-96-5p inhibitor caused the opposite results. Intracerebroventricular delivery of miR-96-5p agomir significantly mitigated behavioral deficits, brain water content, and cerebral infarction volume after MCAO. In addition, treatment with miR-96-5p agomir downregulated the expression of caspase 1/cleaved caspase 1 and Gsdmd/Gsdmd-N, while alleviating the neuron damage. In summary, overexpression of miR-96-5p suppresses pyroptosis and reduces brain damage in the acute phase of ischemic stroke, providing new insight into the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic syndrome caused by abnormal purine metabolism. Although recent studies have noted a relationship between the gut microbiota and gout, whether the microbiota could ameliorate HUA-associated systemic purine metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we constructed a novel model of HUA in geese and investigated the mechanism by which Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) could have beneficial effects on HUA. The administration of antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments were used in this HUA goose model. The effects of LGG and its metabolites on HUA were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Heterogeneous expression and gene knockout of LGG revealed the mechanism of LGG. Multi-omics analysis revealed that the Lactobacillus genus is associated with changes in purine metabolism in HUA. This study showed that LGG and its metabolites could alleviate HUA through the gut-liver-kidney axis. Whole-genome analysis, heterogeneous expression, and gene knockout of LGG enzymes ABC-type multidrug transport system (ABCT), inosine-uridine nucleoside N-ribohydrolase (iunH), and xanthine permease (pbuX) demonstrated the function of nucleoside degradation in LGG. Multi-omics and a correlation analysis in HUA patients and this goose model revealed that a serum proline deficiency, as well as changes in Collinsella and Lactobacillus, may be associated with the occurrence of HUA. Our findings demonstrated the potential of a goose model of diet-induced HUA, and LGG and proline could be promising therapies for HUA.
BACKGROUND: While small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)-derived circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been emerged as significant players in cancer, the function and underlying mechanism of sEVs-derived circRNAs in anti-cancer immunity remain unclear.
METHODS: Gastric cancer (GC)-derived circRNAs were identified using RNA-seq data from GEO datasets and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), RNA immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase assay, and bioinformatics analysis were performed to investigate the regulatory axis. Transwell assay, wound healing assay, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and xenograft models were used to evaluate its role in GC progression in vivo and in vitro. The delivery of specific circRNAs into sEVs were verified through electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and fuorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Flow cytometric analysis and immunohistochemical staining were conducted to find out how specific circRNAs mediated CD8+ T cell exhaustion and resistant to anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) therapy.
RESULTS: We identified that circ_0001947, packaged by GC-derived sEVs, was obviously elevated in GC and was associated with poor clinical outcome. High circ0001947 level augmented the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. Mechanistically, circ0001947 sponged miR-661 and miR-671-5p to promote the expression of CD39, which further facilitated CD8+ T cell exhaustion and immune resistance. Conversely, blocking circ_0001947 attenuated CD8+ T cell exhaustion and increased the response to anti-PD-1 therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study manifested the therapeutic potential of targeting sEVs-transmitted circ_0001947 to prohibit CD8+ T cell exhaustion and immune resistance in GC.
AIM: Patient understanding of disease can guide decision-making in the management of anal fistula. This prospective feasibility study aimed to assess the acceptability and methods of assessing the impact of viewing realistic models on patients with anal fistula.
METHODS: New referrals to a tertiary clinic participated in this single-centre, parallel-group randomized controlled study. Baseline characteristics, Decisional Conflict Scale and understanding of disease were assessed pre-consultation. Participants were randomized to a standard consultation, where disease and treatment options were explained using magnetic resonance images and drawn diagrams, or a similar consultation supplemented with an appropriate generic three-dimensional (3D) printed model. Understanding of disease and proposed surgery, Decisional Conflict Scale and ratings of visual aids were assessed post-consultation, along with 3D model feedback.
RESULTS: All 52 patients who were approached agreed to be randomized (25 standard, 27 3D consultation). Understanding of disease increased post-consultation in both groups. Post-consultation decisional conflict (0, no; 100, high decisional conflict) was low (median 27 post-standard vs. 24 post-3D consultation). Patients scored highly on measures assessing understanding of proposed surgery. 3D models were rated highly, with 96% of patients wanting to see them again in future consultations.
CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional printed fistula models are a welcome addition to outpatient consultations with results suggesting that understanding of surgery is improved. A future trial should be powered to detect whether 3D models result in a significant improvement in understanding beyond traditional methods of explanation and explore the conditions in which models have their maximal utility.
GOV REGISTRATION ID: This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04069728). Registered on 23 August 2019.
Despite increasing knowledge about and use of PrEP nationally, HIV continues to have disproportionate impact among cisgender men and transgender persons who have sex with men and transgender persons (MSM/TG), with methamphetamine (meth)-users being at particularly high risk. Despite apparent high levels of PrEP knowledge and exceptional insurance and medication coverage, few meth-users in Western WA have enrolled in local PrEP programs. The investigators' preliminary work with meth-using MSM/TG has identified both traditional barriers to PrEP and barriers specific for meth users, including competing priorities (e.g., getting high); lack of regularity in daily schedules leading to difficulties complying with appointments and medication adherence; and concomitant wellness and social concerns, notably depression and meth-related stigma. Additional work is needed to develop new strategies to increase PrEP uptake and support persistence and adherence among meth-using MSM/TG. Building on their preliminary work, the investigators will pilot text messaging and peer navigation interventions to support PrEP use among meth-using MSM/TG with potential to be cost-effective, scalable, and easily adaptable. The first, peer navigation, has been studied in ARV treatment and has been proposed for PrEP. The second, text messaging, has been shown to increase ARV and PrEP adherence.
A method for automatically labeling unstructured data from electronic medical records using a computer-based medical data processing system includes selecting a data pattern based on a desired medical finding. The selected data pattern is searched for within source data including patient records to find one or more matches. A context of a predetermined range around each data pattern match found is identified within the source data and the found contexts are associated with a particular medical finding. The medical finding can be at the patient level or document level, not necessarily at the context level. Associations between contexts and medical findings are identified. A classifier based on an association between the identified contexts and the desired medical finding is trained. The trained classifier is used to automatically identify likely instances of passages, documents or patients related to the desired medical finding from within subsequent data including patient records.
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) often presents at an advanced stage, and harbours an unfavourable prognosis. Standard of care includes complete or optimal debulking surgery and chemotherapy, however, most patients experience recurrent disease. Recurrences are often treated with additional chemotherapy, and for selected patients, treatment with PARP inhibitors may be an option. Patients with platinum sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and a germ-line or somatic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, who are in response to platinum based chemotherapy are currently eligible for maintenance treatment with the Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib after chemotherapy. Germline (11-15%) or somatically acquired (6-7%) BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations lead to deficiency in homologous recombination (HR) and subsequent less effective DNA repair. PARP inhibitors are most effective in HR deficient tumors. There are clear indications that besides BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutated EOC, there is an additional group of EOC (\~15-30%) having deficiencies in HR (i.e. BRCAness) that might benefit from treatment with PARP inhibitors (Mukhopadhyay, Cancer Res 2012; Konstantinopolos, Cancer Discovery 2015; Telli, Clin Cancer Res 2016). Assessment of HR in high grade EOC might therefore serve as a better predictive biomarker and allow the identification of a larger group of patients that could benefit most from platinum based chemotherapy and maintenance treatment with a PARP inhibitor. We recently developed a robust ex vivo functional assay (RAD51 assay;) to test HR in viable tumor tissue (Naipal, Clin. Cancer Res., 2014). It is still unknown however, whether the outcome of the RAD51 assay reliably predicts the sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors. In the proposed study, we will therefore evaluate whether the RAD51 assay predicts sensitivity to therapy with olaparib, in patients with recurrent EOC. With the RAD51 assay we aim to identify a larger number of patients who will benefit from treatment with the PARP inhibitor olaparib than patients with a germline or somatic BRCA mutation only. Furthermore, we aim to identify molecular markers (including genomic markers) that are associated with the outcome of the RAD51 assay. Finally, we will explore whether these molecular markers can be measured in liquid biopsies by analysing ctDNA.
Method of encapsulating a hyperbaric gas for the treatment of diseases in humans with encapsulated gaseous precursors, such as microbubbles of oxygen. The method includes the step of immersing a receptacle (10) containing an encapsulating material (12) into a reaction vessel (14). An ultrasonic probe (16) is then inserted into the reaction vessel (14). When the vessel is sealed, a source of hyperbaric gas (18) is communicated therewith, and the vessel is then immersed within a cooling fluid (20) so that the hyperbaric gas (18) condenses. Thermal energy is then applied to the receptacle (10) and ultrasound energy is delivered to the ultrasonic probe (16). When the probe vibrates, hyperbaric gas is distributed within the heated encapsulating material (12). After the cooling fluid (20) chills the mixture of hyperbaric gas in the encapsulating material (12), the hyperbaric gas is entrapped therewithin.
In the United States, approximately 180,000 new cases of breast cancer occur annually, and there are more than 40,000 deaths. More than 150,000 cases develop each year in Canada and the European community together, resulting in over 60,000 deaths from breast cancer. The vast majority of patients who die from breast cancer succumb to metastatic disease. Endocrine therapy and chemotherapy (using either sequential single agents or combination regimens) remain the principal treatments for women with metastatic breast cancer. A wide variety of classes of chemotherapeutic agents have activity as single agents. Median survival remains approximately two years for women with metastatic breast cancer, and less than 3% of patients will experience long-term survival after treatment. The development of new treatment strategies is therefore essential to improve outcome for patients with metastatic breast cancer. The population selected for this study will have previously received, where appropriate, those drugs with clearly defined survival advantages (anthracyclines, taxanes, trastuzumab, and hormonal therapy).

Patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer are considered incurable. Palliative chemotherapies, such as platinum-based doublet, Taxotere or Pemetrexed or Erlotinib (an epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase) have been proven to improve symptoms, and survival in patients with good performance status. Despite these treatments, the median survival of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer is about one year. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapy in these patients.
BACKGROUND: Social media is a popular resource for patients seeking medical information and sharing experiences. Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an accepted treatment for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with a low published complication profile in specialty centers. Little is known regarding patient reporting of complications on social media following PAO. The purpose of this study was to describe the patient-perceived complications of PAO posted on social media and analyze how additional factors (postoperative timeframe, concomitant surgery) correlate with these complication posts.
METHODS: Facebook and Instagram were queried from 02/01/18-02/01/23; Twitter was searched over an extended range back to 02/01/11. Facebook posts (1054) were collected from the two most populated interest groups; "Periacetabular Osteotomy" and "PAO Australia." Instagram posts (1003) and Tweets (502) were found using the same five most popular hashtags: #PAOwarrior, #periacetabularosteotomy, #periacetabularosteotomysurgery, #PAOsurgery, and #PAOrecovery. Posts were assessed for demographic data, perspective, timing (early postoperative or late postoperative), additional surgeries, type of complication, and post engagement.
RESULTS: Facebook posts (1054), Instagram posts (1003), and Tweets (502) were assessed; 13.6% of posts included a complication. The majority of complications were reported > 6 months postoperatively with excessive pain being the most common complication (57.2%), including chronic pain (41.8%), acute pain (6.7%), and nerve pain (8.8%). Bony complications (6.7%), neurologic/psychiatric complications (3.8%), swelling (1.7%), infection (1.4%), other specified complications (16.2%), and unspecified complications (10.2%) were reported. Complication posts were found to be correlated with postoperative timeframe and concomitant surgery. Post engagement decreased in complication-related posts.
CONCLUSIONS: Few patients posted a perceived complication associated with PAO surgery. Of those who did, the majority reported unmanageable pain during the late postoperative period. Posts including a perceived complication were found to be positively correlated with postoperative timeframe and negatively correlated with concomitant surgery. This study found a higher pain complication rate, but a lower overall complication rate compared to prior studies. Considering the social media reported complications of PAO patients in addition to traditional outcome measures reveals which aspects of postoperative recovery are most important to patients themselves.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease that causes restricted airflow and breathing problems. Globally, COPD is the third leading cause of death and low- and middle-income countries account for the majority of these deaths. There is limited information on COPD's prevalence in East Africa. Thus the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to estimate the pooled prevalence of COPD in East Africa.A computerized systematic search using multiple databases was performed in search of relevant English articles from the inception of the databases to August 2023. All the authors independently extracted the data. R and RStudio software were used for statistical analysis. Forest plots and tables were used to represent the data. The statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistics. There was heterogeneity between the included articles. Therefore, a meta-analysis of random effects models was used to estimate the overall pooled prevalence of COPD in East Africa. A funnel plot test was used to examine possible publication bias.The database search produced 512 papers. After checking for inclusion and exclusion criteria, 43 full-text observational studies with 68 553 total participants were found suitable for the review. The overall pooled prevalence of COPD in East Africa was 13.322%. The subgroup analysis found the COPD pooled prevalence in the different countries was 18.994%, 7%, 15.745%, 9.032%, 15.026% and 11.266% in Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Sudan, and Kenya, respectively. Additionally, the subgroup analysis of COPD by study setting among community-based studies was 12.132% and 13.575% for hospital-based studies.According to the study's findings, approximately one of every seven individuals in East Africa has COPD, indicating a notably high prevalence of the disease. Thus governments and other stakeholders working on non-communicable disease control should place an emphasis on preventive measures to minimize the burden of COPD.
Transient decreases in absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) have been observed in controlled clinical trials. In placebo-controlled trials, 8/465 subjects receiving terbinafine hydrochloride (1.7%) and 3/137 subjects receiving placebo (2.2%) had decreases in ALC to below 1000/mm3 on 2 or more occasions. In patients with known or suspected immunodeficiency, physicians should consider monitoring complete blood counts if treatment continues for more than 6 weeks. Cases of severe neutropenia have been reported. These were reversible upon discontinuation of terbinafine tablets, with or without supportive therapy. If clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of secondary infection occur, a complete blood count should be obtained. If the neutrophil count is less than or equal to 1000 cells/mm3, terbinafine tablets should be discontinued and supportive management started.