anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BELRAPZO (bendamustine hydrochloride) is an alkylating agent. The chemical name of bendamustine hydrochloride is 1H-benzimidazole-2-butanoic acid, 5-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-1-methyl-, monohydrochloride. Its empirical molecular formula is C16H21Cl2N3O2 HCl, and the molecular weight is 394.7. Bendamustine hydrochloride contains a mechlorethamine group and a benzimidazole heterocyclic ring with a butyric acid substituent, and has the following structural formula: 

BELRAPZO (bendamustine hydrochloride) injection for intravenous use is supplied as a sterile, clear, and colorless to yellow ready-to-dilute solution in a multiple-dose clear glass vial. Each milliliter contains 25 mg of bendamustine hydrochloride, USP, 0.1 mL of propylene glycol, USP, 5 mg of monothioglycerol, NF (used as an antioxidant) and q.s. to 1 mL polyethylene glycol 400, NF (sodium hydroxide, NF and water for injection, USP are used to prepare a 1N NaOH solution that may be used for pH modification of PEG 400).
Peritoneal dialysis may affect a patient's protein, water-soluble vitamin, potassium, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, and magnesium levels and volume status. Monitor electrolytes and blood chemistry periodically and take appropriate clinical action. 

Potassium is omitted from DELFLEX solutions because dialysis may be performed to correct hyperkalemia. In situations where there is a normal serum potassium level or hypokalemia, the addition of potassium chloride (up to a concentration of 4 mEq/L) may be indicated to prevent severe hypokalemia. 

To avoid the risk of severe dehydration or hypovolemia and to minimize the loss of protein, it is advisable to select the peritoneal dialysis solution with lowest level of osmolarity consistent with the fluid removal requirements for that exchange. 

Significant loss of protein, amino acids and water-soluble vitamins may occur during peritoneal dialysis. Replacement therapy should be provided as necessary.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a purine body absorption inhibitor and a blood uric acid level reducing agent which have a natural material as an active ingredient.  <P>SOLUTION: The purine body absorption inhibitor uses Euglena as an active ingredient for inhibiting the absorption of a purine body. This purine body absorption inhibitor can inhibit the absorption of a purine body which is going to be absorbed from the intestinal tract by a meal to eliminate the purine body from the system. Further, the blood uric acid level reducing agent uses Euglena as an active ingredient for reducing the blood uric acid level. With this blood uric acid reducing agent, oral intake of Euglena can reduce the residence amount of uric acid in blood to reduce a uric acid level which causes gout. The blood uric acid level reducing agent is preferably utilized by incorporating it into a food and drink composition.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Trospium-Releasing Intravesical System (TAR-302-5018) is placed into the bladder through an inserter on Study Day 0 and is removed on Study Day 42. TAR-302-5018 releases trospium gradually during the 42 day indwelling time.
This study will enroll patients with persistent or recurrent FRα-positive uterine serous carcinoma (pure or mixed), Grade 3 endometrial adenocarcinoma, or carcinosarcoma with high grade serous or Grade 3 endometrioid components. All patients must have measurable disease. The primary objective of the study is to assess the activity of IMGN853 as measured by objective response rate (ORR). The secondary objectives are to assess the duration of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and durable disease control rate (DDCR), as well as the safety profile of IMGN853 in endometrial carcinoma patients. Exploratory/correlative objectives are to correlate ORR, PFS, and OS with the level of folate receptor α expression and explore use of circulating tumor (ct) DNA as a biomarker for disease response and compare its performance to cancer antigen 125 (CA-125). All enrolled patients will receive IMGN853 at a dose of 6 mg/kg administered intravenously once every 3 weeks until unacceptable toxicity or progression of disease requiring discontinuation of treatment.
BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is one of the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Most children have fever. In 2021, we found that the proportion of children without fever increased. The aim of this study is to summarize the differences in the clinical characteristics of children with MP pneumonia who are febrile or not, and to raise awareness of children who are not febrile.
METHOD: Demographic information of the children was collected on admission. Clinical manifestations during the course of the disease and the first laboratory, imaging, and pulmonary function tests before discharge were recorded and compared.
RESULTS: From August to December, a total of 542 people were included in the study. We found that older children were more likely to have fever. Inflammatory indicators including procalcitonin (P = 0.030), C-reaction protein (P < 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.001), ferritin (P = 0.040) and the rate of atelectasis (P = 0.049) of febrile children were higher in febrile children. However, the elevated lactate dehydrogenase and pulmonary function impairment (P all > 0.05), especially the small airway function impairment, are no lower in afebrile children than in febrile children.
CONCLUSION: The fever rate is lower in younger children, but wheezing is more common. In afebrile children, the impairment of organ and lung function was no less than in febrile children. Therefore, attention should also be paid to children who are not febrile.
BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Syringomyelia, or the formation of fluid-filled cysts within the spinal cord, associated with delayed spinal arachnoiditis is an uncommon complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. To date, about 18 cases have been reported in medical literature, with just two reported in patients under the age of 35 years.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 27-year-old female patient complained of sudden, severe headaches in the occipital region, nuchal rigidity, and drowsiness when she presented at our institution. A head computed tomography scan revealed intraventricular bleeding in the lateral and fourth ventricles with more extensive haemorrhaging in the frontal horns. A left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm was confirmed via digital subtraction angiogram, and endovascular embolization was done. Two years later, the patient reported intense pain in the lower back along with symptoms suggestive of spinal cord compression. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed spinal adhesions from C1 to L4, syringomyelia with some vasogenic oedema extending from T3 to T9 level, and a cyst in the lumbar region. Consequently, a right hemilaminectomy was performed along with microsurgical release of arachnoid adhesions and placement of a subdural drain. Radiological and symptomatic improvements were observed. Since then, the patient's clinical condition has remained stable during the past three years of follow-up visits.
CONCLUSIONS: Literature on optimal treatment modalities and patient prognosis is scarce and debated. The time for symptom improvement depends on the level and extent of spinal cord involvement. Rehabilitation may be required for most patients, as complete symptomatic recovery may not be attainable.
The invention relates to the technical field of medicines, in particular to application of quinolone medicines in combination with ultrasound in inhibiting helicobacter pylori. The quinolone drug is ciprofloxacin. Helicobacter pylori concentration of 1X 10  5  cfu/mL. Ciprofloxacin concentration was 0.1X10  ‑3  ‑0.5×10  ‑3  μg/mL. The ultrasonic frequency is 1MHz, the ultrasonic temperature is 20 ℃, and the ultrasonic time is 2.0min. Ultrasonic power of 0.312W/cm  2  Or 0.104W/cm  2  . The antibacterial effect of ciprofloxacin combined with ultrasound is obviously higher than that of the ciprofloxacin alone or the single ultrasound irradiation, the method can effectively reduce the dosage of antibiotics and enhance the effect of the ciprofloxacin on killing helicobacter pylori.
As with levodopa, periodic evaluations of hepatic, hematopoietic, cardiovascular, and renal function are recommended during extended therapy.

Patients with chronic wide-angle glaucoma may be treated cautiously with carbidopa and levodopa provided the intraocular pressure is well-controlled and the patient is monitored carefully for changes in intraocular pressure during therapy.

Dopaminergic agents, including levodopa, may be associated with somnolence and very rarely episodes of sudden onset of sleep. In some cases, these episodes may occur without awareness or warning during daily activities. Patients must be informed of this and advised to exercise caution while driving or operating machines while being treated with dopaminergic agents, including levodopa. Patients who have experienced somnolence and/or an episode of sudden sleep onset must refrain from driving or operating machines (see Information for Patients).

Melanoma 

Epidemiological studies have shown that patients with Parkinson’s disease have a higher risk (2- to approximately 6-fold higher) of developing melanoma than the general population. Whether the increased risk observed was due to Parkinson’s disease or other factors, such as drugs used to treat Parkinson’s disease, is unclear.

For the reasons stated above, patients and providers are advised to monitor for melanomas frequently and on a regular basis when using carbidopa and levodopa for any indication. Ideally, periodic skin examinations should be performed by appropriately qualified individuals (e.g., dermatologists).
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to the presence of structural or functional abnormalities in the kidneys that affect health, lasting for more than 3 months. CKD is not only the direct cause of global incidence rate and mortality, but also an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Persistent microinflammatory state has been recognized as an important component of CKD, which can lead to renal fibrosis and loss of renal function, and plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology and progression of the disease. Simultaneously, compound α-Ketoacid can bind nitrogen-containing metabolites in the blood and accelerate their excretion from the body, thereby reducing the level of metabolic waste, alleviating gastrointestinal reactions in patients, and reducing the inflammatory response and oxidative stress state of the body. Compound α-Ketoacid contains amino acids required by CKD patients. In this review, we explore the relationship between compound α-Ketoacid and microinflammation in patients with CKD. The review indicated that compound α-Ketoacid can improve the microinflammatory state in CKD patients by improving the nutritional status of CKD patients, improving patient's acid-base balance disorder, regulating oxidative stress, improving gut microbiota, and regulating abnormal lipid metabolism.
Methods and systems for providing a safety mechanism for a robotically controlled surgical tool. Embodiments of the methods use sensors to detect parameters that vary by the tissue traversed by a surgical tool. The sensors detect signals arising from the interaction of the surgical tool with the tissue and provide this information to a robotic controller. For example, during drilling, the sensors may measure power, vibration, sound frequency, mechanical load, electrical impedance, and distance traversed according to preoperative measurements on a three-dimensional image set used for planning the tool trajectory. By comparing the detected output with that expected for the tool position based on the planned trajectory, identified discrepancies in output would indicate that the tool has veered from the planned trajectory. The robotic controller may then alter the tool trajectory, change the speed of the tool, or discontinue power to the tool, thereby preventing damage to underlying tissue.
FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to functional diagnostics, and can be used in assessing the blood microcirculation status in a patient's limbs by determining a relation between the blood flows in the paired organs or paired regions of interest by radionuclide diagnostics. That is ensured by inserting a microcatheter with a two-way cock and two syringes attached, into the ulnar or other forearm vein. One syringe contains an indicator, an amount of which shall not exceed 0.3-0.5 ml, while the other syringe contains normal saline. Immediately after the indicator is introduced into the catheter, it is pushed on by normal saline from the second syringe. A camera is used to record gamma emission and a radioactivity-time curve is constructed. The radioactivity-time curves are rated by an area of the specified regions of interest y1(t)/S, y2(t)/Sto construct the initial radioactivity-time curves y1(t), y2(t), which are approximated by orthogonal polynominals ?1(t), ?2(t) in the form of a parametric curve ?[?1(t), ?2(t)], whereon a straight-line segment is specified between the points tand tfor the following approximation implemented by the least square method and represented by the straight line y=kx+b. Herewith, y is an approximated radioactivity in the 1region of interest , x is an approximated radioactivity in the 2region of interest, k=tg?, wherein ? is an inclination of the straight line to an absciss, b is a segment of the y axis from the coordinate origin to a crossing point of the straight line and the y axis. The required relation D is defined aswherein Qis the blood flow (ml/min) in the 1region of interest, Qis the blood flow (ml/min) in the 2region of interest.EFFECT: method provides the timely and accurate diagnosis of limb pathology by determining the blood flow in the region of interest with respect to the examined limb in relation to this value in the contralateral limb.2 cl, 5 dwg, 1 ex
Fertility status has an important impact on the post-treatment quality of life for cancer survivors and other patients that receive gonadotoxic therapies (e.g., prior to bone marrow transplantation). Semen cryopreservation is an established fertility preserving therapy, but is not accessible or appropriate for all men. Currently there are no therapies to preserve the future fertility of preadolescent boys. However, new reproductive therapies are under development and may one day offer "fertile hope" to those survivors that do not currently have access to fertility preserving therapies. Clinical management of fertility threatening diseases and treatments must have foresight of the gonadotoxic side effects and the potential for infertility. When no established fertility sparing options are available, it is reasonable to offer harvesting and cryopreservation of testicular tissue as a possible means of fertility preservation.

This study will harvest testicular tissue from eligible patients. Separate portions of the harvested tissue and/or cells will be 1) designated for research and 2) cryopreserved and maintained for participating patients as a resource for future elective procedures to attempt fertility restoration.
This is a randomized controlled trial with parallel group design to explore the effects of warm water footbaths with added ginger powder (experimental) compared to footbaths with warm water alone (active comparator) on sleep quality in adults with self-perceived insomnia symptoms. Participants receive daily footbaths 1-3 hours before bedtime over a period of two weeks. The footbaths are prepared by the participants themselves and carried out at their homes. Outcome measures are assessed at baseline (pre intervention) and two weeks after baseline (post intervention). The main focus is on change in subjective quality of sleep as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The statistical analysis comprises analyses of variance based on linear mixed effects models.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of CYSTADANE. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Severe cerebral edema and hypermethioninemia have been reported within 2 weeks to 6 months of starting CYSTADANE therapy, with complete recovery after discontinuation of CYSTADANE. All patients who developed cerebral edema had homocystinuria due to CBS deficiency and had severe elevation in plasma methionine concentrations (range 1,000 to 3,000 microM). As cerebral edema has also been reported in patients with hypermethioninemia, secondary hypermethioninemia due to betaine therapy has been postulated as a possible mechanism of action [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1) ]. 

Other adverse reactions include: anorexia, agitation, depression, irritability, personality disorder, sleep disturbed, dental disorders, diarrhea, glossitis, nausea, stomach discomfort, vomiting, hair loss, hives, skin odor abnormalities, and urinary incontinence.
BACKGROUND: In the decision to perform elective surgery, it is of great interest to have data about the outcomes of surgery to individualize patients who could safely undergo sigmoid resection. The aim of this study was to provide information on the outcomes of elective sigmoid resection for sigmoid diverticular disease (SDD) at a national level.
METHODS: All consecutive patients who had elective surgery for SDD (2010-2021) were included in this retrospective, multicenter, cohort study. Patients were identified from institutional review board-approved databases in French member centers of the French Surgical Association. The endpoints of the study were the early and the long-term postoperative outcomes and an evaluation of the risk factors for 90-day severe postoperative morbidity and a definitive stoma after an elective sigmoidectomy for SDD.
RESULTS: In total, 4617 patients were included. The median [IQR] age was 61 [18.0;100] years, the mean ± SD body mass index (BMI) was 26.8 ± 4 kg/m2, and 2310 (50%) were men. The indications for surgery were complicated diverticulitis in 50% and smoldering diverticulitis in 47.4%. The procedures were performed laparoscopically for 88% and with an anastomosis for 83.8%. The severe complication rate on postoperative day 90 was 11.7%, with a risk of anastomotic leakage of 4.7%. The independent risk factors in multivariate analysis were an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score ≥ 3, an open approach, and perioperative blood transfusion. Age, perioperative blood transfusion, and Hartmann's procedure were the three independent risk factors for a permanent stoma.
CONCLUSIONS: This series provides a real-life picture of elective sigmoidectomy for SDD at a national level.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Comité National Information et Liberté (CNIL) (n°920361).
Sunlight is the major environmental agent to which the skin is exposed. Injudicious exposure to wavelengths in the ultraviolet spectrum can lead to sunburn, aging of the skin, skin cancer and a variety of photosensitivity diseases, many of which have an immunologic pathogenesis. American Cancer Society acknowledges that most skin cancers are a direct result of exposure to the ultraviolet (UV) rays in sunlight. Skin cancer has also been linked to exposure to some artificial sources of UV rays (indoor tanning, welding and metal work, and phototherapy). UV, in addition to producing mutant cells, also impairs host cell-mediated immune responses that have evolved to identify and eradicate the mutant cells before they develop into clinically apparent malignancies. In fact, organ transplant recipients who are treated with immunosuppressive medications have a greatly increased risk (up to 100 times) of UV induced skin cancers and the tumors that do develop behave more aggressively. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (Trem)-1 is highly expressed by myeloid cells in human infectious and inflammatory diseases and is associated with poor prognosis of cancer patients. However, most studies have focused on Trem1 mediated effects on innate immune cells such as neutrophils in inflammatory reactions. Little is known about whether and how Trem1 regulates the adaptive immunity, especially the activity of antigen presenting cells (APC) to regulate the activation and function of antigen specific T cells. Our study will demonstrate a novel mechanism for Trem1 signaling in T cell mediated immune responses and photocarcinogenesis in skin. Different biological parameters in UV exposed skin tissues will be analyzed, which are crucial for UV-induced DNA damage, erythema, and immune suppressive effects that have been directly associated with photoimmunology and implicated in the risk of skin cancer. These will correlated with the responsiveness of allergen induced contact hypersensitivity.

Participants will be stratified based on gender and then randomly assigned to: 1) Control 2) Non-UVB, or 3) UVB groups. The primary endpoint for the study will be the CHS evaluation on day 34.The Control group no DPCP (Group 1) will serve as a negative control while the UVB \& diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) group (Group 2) will serves as a positive control for measurement of response to irritant (contact hypersensitivity = CHS). Subjects in the UVB, DPCP, and Biopsy group (Group 3), who have no more than one standard deviation above the mean of CHS from the negative Control group, will be considered as Non-responders.
In clinical trials using multiple doses of cefuroxime axetil powder for oral suspension, pediatric patients (96.7% of whom were younger than 12 years of age) were treated with the recommended dosages of cefuroxime axetil (20 to 30 mg/kg/day divided twice a day up to a maximum dose of 500 or 1,000 mg/day, respectively). There were no deaths or permanent disabilities in any of the patients in these studies. Eleven U.S. patients (1.2%) discontinued medication due to adverse events thought by the investigators to be possibly, probably, or almost certainly related to drug toxicity. The discontinuations were primarily for gastrointestinal disturbances, usually diarrhea or vomiting. During clinical trials, discontinuation of therapy due to the taste and/or problems with administering this drug occurred in 13 (1.4%) pediatric patients enrolled at centers in the United States.

The following adverse events were thought by the investigators to be possibly, probably, or almost certainly related to cefuroxime axetil for oral suspension in multiple-dose clinical trials (n = 931 cefuroxime axetil-treated U.S. patients).