anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Alopecia means that hairs abnormally or excessively fall out, and reasons are numerous. When mental pressure is excessive, incensement of hairs lost can frequently occur. Under the action of mental pressure, arrector pili muscle of human body is contracted, hair follicle papilla changes and is malnourished, hairs enter a resting phase, and alopecia occurs. Endocrine abnormality can further cause alopecia, such as postpartum alopecia and climacteric alopecia. Malnutrition of body and pathobolism can further cause change of hair quality and hair color. The drug is prepared by combining dragon's bone, American ginseng ganoderma lucidum, hairy antler, broom cypress, whitebackleaf mallotus root, oriental wormwood, deer-horn gelatin, chinaberry fruit, pcuises and testes of an ursine seal, flower bud of lilac daphne, gecko, fruit of Chinese magnoliavine, Chinese caterpillar fungus, black sesame, yeradetajo, walnut meat, mulberry, cynomorium, radix rehmanniae preparata, indianmulberry, actinolite, epimeddium, cuscuta chinensis, curculigo rhizome, flatstem astragalus seed, bark of eucommia, bitter cardamom, radix dipsaci, psoralea fruit and drynaria, and the drugs are combined to ensure that efficacies of all the drugs generate a synergistic action, so that alopecia can be effectively treated.
A care management system in which the management of the administration of care for patients is automated. Hospital information systems are monitored and the information from those systems is used in verifying the administrations of care to patients. The care management system monitors ongoing administrations for progress and automatically updates records and provides alarms when necessary. The care management system is modular in nature but is fully integrated among its modules. Particular lists of data, such as the termination times of all ongoing infusions, provide hospital staff current information for increased accuracy and efficiency in planning. Features include the automatic provision of infusion parameters to pumps for accurate and efficient configuration of the pump, and providing an alarm when an unscheduled suspension of an infusion exceeds a predetermined length of time. A passive recognition system for identifying patients and care givers is provided.
This patient group will receive the intervention after a 6 month waiting period. In the first 6 months they will receive usual care and they will be used as a comparison group.
NEW MATERIAL:A compound expressed by formula I (R is acyl derived from linoleic acid, trienoic higher fatty acid or pentaenoic higher fatty acid; n is 2-4). EXAMPLE:1-(Linoleylaminoethylcarbamoyl)-5-fluorouracil. USE:A medicine, e.g. carcinostatic agent of blood platelet agglutination inhibitor, having lower toxicity than 5-fluorouracil and capable of being stabilized by including in cyclodextrin. The dose thereof is 0.1-3g/adult/day and preferably administered, as necessary, once - divided in 3 portions. PREPARATION:1-Chlorocarbonyl-5-fluorouracil is condensed with a compound expressed by formula II in the presence of a base, e.g. triethylamine, etc., to afford the aimed compound expressed by formula I.
PURPOSE:To obtain a polymer useful as a packing material for liquid chromatography or an insulin releasing complex by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a phenylboronic group with an ethylenically unsaturated amine monomer. CONSTITUTION:A polymer containing phenylboric groups is obtained by polymerizing a monomer composition comprising 10 pts.wt. ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a phenylboric group [e.g. (meth)acrylamidophenylboronic acid] and 2-200 pts.wt. ethylenically unsaturated amine monomer (e.g. vinylbenzylamine). This polymer can combine with a polyhydroxyl compound at a pH of 7.4 and therefore can be used to separate various polyhydroxyl compounds. Further, an insulin release complex containing this polymer and insulin modified with a hydroxyl compound can release the modified insulin at a physiological pH of 7.4 according to the concentration of a polyhydroxy compound such as sugar.
The utility of cell-free (cf) DNA has extended as a surrogate or clinical biomarker for various diseases. However, a more profound and expanded understanding of the diverse cfDNA population and its correlation with physiological phenotypes and environmental factors is imperative for using its full potential. The high-altitude (HA; altitude > 2,500 m above sea level) environment characterized by hypobaric hypoxia offers an observational case-control design to study the differential cfDNA profile in patients with high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) (number of subjects, n = 112) and healthy HA sojourners (n = 111). The present study investigated cfDNA characteristics such as concentration, fragment length size, degree of integrity, and subfractions reflecting mitochondrial-cfDNA copies in the two groups. The total cfDNA level was significantly higher in patients with HAPE, and the level increased with increasing HAPE severity (P = 0.0036). A lower degree of cfDNA integrity of 0.346 in patients with HAPE (P = 0.001) indicated the prevalence of shorter cfDNA fragments in circulation in patients compared with the healthy HA sojourners. A significant correlation of cfDNA characteristics with the peripheral oxygen saturation levels in the patient group demonstrated the translational relevance of cfDNA molecules. The correlation was further supported by multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve. To our knowledge, our study is the first to highlight the association of higher cfDNA concentration, a lower degree of cfDNA integrity, and increased mitochondrial-derived cfDNA population with HAPE disease severity. Further deep profiling of cfDNA fragments, which preserves cell-type specific genetic and epigenetic features, can provide dynamic physiological responses to hypoxia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study observed altered cell-free (cf) DNA fragment patterns in patients with high-altitude pulmonary edema and the significant correlation of these patterns with peripheral oxygen saturation levels. This suggests deep profiling of cfDNA fragments in the future may identify genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying physiological and pathophysiological responses to hypoxia.
Patients aged over 18 scheduled for elective cardiac surgery under CPB and general anesthesia. This group will later be divided in to two sub groups based on their neuropsychological battery tests results before surgery and one day before discharge. Blood sample will be collected before, immediately after surgery and at 24h after surgery for serum biomarker tests: MD2, CysC as well as DNA methylation markers of neural system origin.
Patients who present with obstructive jaundice and have a periampullary tumor and where the patient seems to be in good condition for surgical resection are offered the opportunity to become randomized to either endoscopic drainage with self expanding metallic or plastic stents. Before randomization they are informed about the study details and have to give their consent to participate. The metallic as well as plastic stents are standard commercially available stents. Within four weeks after stent placement the patient will be operated and the following parameters will be evaluated: quality of life, clinical symptoms and lab tests. At the operation the surgeon will make an evaluation of the inflammatory reaction in the area of the bile ducts. A culture from the bile is sampled close to the area where the anastomosis will be sutured. A tissue sample is also taken from the bile ducts to evaluate inflammation. A Lymph node is also sampled for the same reason. The surgeon also evaluates the difficulty with which the stent had to be removed. Postoperative complications are monitored in line with the regular routines at the clinic.
This group will receive text-message-based SBIRT with phone-based assessment and referral to treatment. The SBIRT is a survey with 9 questions related to depression, anxiety, substance abuse (alcohol, cigarettes, and other drugs including prescription medication), and domestic violence.
Conventional thyroidectomy often results in visible scarring postoperatively. Endoscopic thyroidectomy offers the advantage of scarless surgery, especially beneficial for young adult women. The retroauricular approach uses a facelift incision well-known among surgeons and eliminates the need for gas insufflation due to the large working space. An early retrospective analysis was conducted on thirty-one individuals who underwent gasless retroauricular endoscopic thyroidectomy approach, focusing on isthmolobectomies (n = 26) and lobectomies (n = 5), with one case necessitating conversion to open thyroidectomy, from January 2016 to April 2017. Physical examination, laboratory, and histopathology findings were collected. The scar was evaluated using the Vancouver Scale System, while other surgical and oncological outcomes were documented and assessed. The average operative time was 154.2 ± 21.3 min, with an average bleeding volume of 69.2 ± 52.1 mL. The average length of stay was 4.7 ± 2.2 days. All complications occurred were temporary and all subjects remained in good condition throughout the follow-up period. Most subjects (65.6%) were very satisfied with the scar concealed in the retroauricular area. Retroauricular endoscopic thyroidectomy is a safe and feasible remote access technique with excellent postoperative results.
OBJECTIVE: A small, but growing literature links stressors and mental health disorders (MHDs) across the life course to overactive bladder (OAB) and urinary incontinence symptoms. Mechanisms by which stressors and MHDs may impact bladder health are not fully understood, limiting novel prevention and treatment efforts. Moreover, potential biopsychosocial mechanisms involving the brain and gut have not been considered in an integrated, comprehensive fashion.
METHODS: Members of the prevention of lower urinary tract symptoms Research Consortium developed conceptual models to inform research on biopsychosocial mechanisms through which stress and MDHs may impact bladder health among girls and women, focusing on brain and gut physiology.
RESULTS: Two conceptual models were developed-one to explain central (brain-based) and peripheral (gut-based) mechanisms linking stressors and MHDs to OAB and bladder health, and one to highlight bidirectional communication between the brain, gut, and bladder. Traumatic events, chronic stressors, and MHDs may lead to a maladaptive stress response, including dysregulated communication and signaling between the brain, gut, and bladder. Gut bacteria produce molecules and metabolites that alter production of neurotransmitters, amino acids, short-chain fatty acids, and inflammatory immune response molecules that mediate communication between the gut and brain. Microbiota signal neurogenesis, microglia maturation, and synaptic pruning; they also calibrate brain-gut-bladder axis communication through neurotransmission and synaptogenesis, potentially influencing bladder symptom development. Life course trajectories of risk may be prevented or interrupted by central and peripheral resources for neuropsychological resilience.
CONCLUSIONS: Depicted pathways, including brain-gut-bladder communication, have implications for research and development of novel prevention and treatment approaches.
The estimated overall global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is around 25% and projected at 33.5% in 2030. While simple steatosis without evidence of inflammation and hepatocellular injury (non-alcoholic fatty liver) is generally a benign condition, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Since only histological analysis can accurately evaluate NAFLD patterns, liver biopsy is the gold standard for assessment, and it should be considered in patients who are at increased risk of having steatohepatitis and/or fibrosis. Major drawbacks are its invasive nature, risk of complications, sampling errors and inter and intra-observer variability. Currently, there are no approved therapies for NASH. However, several drugs are now in phase 2 and 3 trials, and results are expected in 1-2 years. If medical treatments become available, screening for steatohepatitis and fibrosis will be recommended in high-risk patients. The lack of non-invasive tools to identify patients who may benefit from a therapeutic intervention is a central issue. Should liver biopsy be avoided or reserved for a more limited number of undetermined or high-risk patients, the benefit-harm balance of NASH screening and therapies would undergo a major change. Some imaging methods, mostly ultrasound (US) or Magnetic Resonance (MR) techniques, have shown promising potential in fibrosis and NASH diagnosis.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive imaging techniques including US and MR methods, in diagnosing NASH and fibrosis in patients with or at high risk of NAFLD, using liver biopsy as the reference standard.

Consecutive patients with a clinical indication for liver biopsy assessment of NAFLD are enrolled in this non-inferiority study. They undergo both a liver ultrasound (US), including shear wave elastography (SWE) with liver stiffness measurement and US- fatty liver index (US-FLI), and a multiparametric unenhanced liver magnetic resonance examination including MR spectroscopy (MRS), Proton Density Fat Fraction (PDFF) and T2\* measurement with Multiecho technique, T1 mapping with Inversion Recovery method, and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion diffusion weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI), measuring different parameters. As reference standard, histological diagnosis of fibrosis and steatohepatitis made according to the fatty liver inhibition of progression (FLIP) algorithm is used. Sensitivity and specificity of imaging parameters alone or in different combinations will be calculated, with the aim of finding one or more tests with at least 90% sensitivity/specificity compared to liver biopsy.
BACKGROUND: Machine learning algorithms as a research tool, including traditional machine learning and deep learning, are increasingly applied to the field of urodynamics. However, no studies have evaluated how to select appropriate algorithm models for different urodynamic research tasks.
METHODS: We undertook a narrative review evaluating how the published literature reports the applications of machine learning in urodynamics. We searched PubMed up to December 2023, limited to the English language. We selected the following search terms: artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, urodynamics, and lower urinary tract symptoms. We identified three domains for assessment in advance of commencing the review. These were the applications of urodynamic studies examination, applications of diagnoses of dysfunction related to urodynamics, and applications of prognosis prediction.
RESULTS: The machine learning algorithm applied in the field of urodynamics can be mainly divided into three aspects, which are urodynamic examination, diagnosis of urinary tract dysfunction and prediction of the efficacy of various treatment methods. Most of these studies were single-center retrospective studies, lacking external validation, requiring further validation of model generalization ability, and insufficient sample size. The relevant research in this field is still in the preliminary exploration stage; there are few high-quality multi-center clinical studies, and the performance of various models still needs to be further optimized, and there is still a distance from clinical application.
CONCLUSIONS: At present, there is no research to summarize and analyze the machine learning algorithms applied in the field of urodynamics. The purpose of this review is to summarize and classify the machine learning algorithms applied in this field and to guide researchers to select the appropriate algorithm model for different task requirements to achieve the best results.
BACKGROUND: Remote objective tests may supplement in-clinic examination to better inform treatment decisions. Previous cross-sectional studies presented objective speech metrics as potential markers of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disease progression.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the short-term stability and long-term sensitivity of speech metrics to MS progression.
METHODS: We prospectively recorded speech from people with MS at baseline, six, twelve weeks, and at ten months or longer after baseline (1y+). Only people with a definite diagnosis of MS and without other potential causes of dysarthria were included. Speech tasks comprehended 1) a sustained vowel /a/, 2) saying the days of the week, 3) repeating the non-word pa-ta-ka multiple times as fast as possible, 4) reading the Grandfather Passage, and 5) telling a personal story. We selected speech metrics of interest according to their association with MS presence, correlation with general disability, and short-term metric stability in the absence of disease progression. Selected speech metrics were analysed for short- versus long-term changes in the whole MS cohort and in the clinically stable versus progression subgroups at 1y+.
RESULTS: Sixty-nine people with MS participated (76.8 % female, age mean 47.5 ± 11.1 SD, EDSS median 3.5, interquartile range 3.5). Twenty-six unique speech metrics satisfied the suitability criteria. On average, reading rate improved 3.5 % for all people with MS and 6.5 % for slow readers with MS from baseline to the six-week, driven by a reduction in pauses. At 1y+, participants showed a 3.1 % average reduction in vocalization time during the reading task, which was similar in the progression (n = 29) and non-progression (n = 40) groups and thus unrelated to disease progression. Both findings are in the opposite direction of what would be generally expected for deterioration in speech performance and might be attributable to familiarity and training effects. Other speech metrics showed either negligible change or a similar variability between short-term and long-term differences.
CONCLUSION: Most individual long-term changes were small and within short-term variability intervals, irrespective of clinical disease progression. Familiarity and practice effects might have blunted the measurement of change. The present lack of longitudinal sensitivity of speech in MS contradicts previous cross-sectional findings and requires further investigation.
1441098 Pasteurella vaccines WELLCOME FOUNDATION Ltd 28 June 1973 [29 March 1972 7 Feb 1973] 14910/72 and 5935/73 Heading A5B An immunogenic substance, suitable for use in conferring immunity in a mammal or bird against pasteurellosis arising from infection with Pasteurella multocida or Pasteurella haemolytica, is obtained from an encapsulated variant of a serotype selected from P. multocida (e.g. Types A, B D or E (Carter)) and P. haemolytica serotypes, corresponding to the serotype against which immunity is to be conferred by the substance, for example by chemical fractionation of encapsulated cells of P. multocida or P. haemolytica, or from a lysate thereof or from a medium in which the encapsulated cells have been cultured; the immunogenic substance is non-toxic in mammals and birds at the immunising dose of the substance; it is antigenically stable after 10 minutes in water at 100C; it is non-dialysable; it is water-soluble and is substantially absent from non-capsulated variants of P. multocida and P. haemolytica. A sterile vaccine suitable for immunisation of a mammal or bird against pasteurellosis arising from infections with P. multocida or P. haemolytica comprises the immunogenic substance in association with a physiologically acceptable carrier, the vaccine being isotonic with blood of the mammal or bird to be immunised. The vaccine may include an adjuvant such as an aluminium salt or base and/or a lipophilic and/or hydrophilic emulsifier and may be presented in freeze-dried form. The vaccine may contain an additional immunising substance of bacterial or viral origin e.g. Clostridium chauvoei, Anthrax spores, or Clostridium septicum, 'Plurovax', clostridial antigens, bovine parainfluenza virus or bovine adenovirus vaccines.
Catheter ablation (CA) has become an established treatment strategy for managing recurrent ventricular tachycardias (VTs) in patients with structural heart disease. In recent years, percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (PMCS) devices have been increasingly used intra-operatively to improve the ablation outcome. One indication would be rescue therapy for patients who develop haemodynamic deterioration during the ablation. However, more efforts are focused on identifying subjects who are at high risk of such deterioration and could benefit from the pre-emptive use of the PMCS. The third reason to use PMCS could be the inability to identify diffuse substrate, especially in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. This paper reviews available experiences using various types of PMCS in different clinical scenarios. Although PMCS allows mapping during VT, it does not significantly influence acute outcomes and not convincingly long-term outcomes. On the contrary, the complication rate appears to be higher in PMCS cohorts. Our data suggest that even in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction, the substrate modification can be performed without the need for general anaesthesia and risk of haemodynamic decompensation. In end-stage heart failure associated with the electrical storm, implantation of a left ventricular assist device (or PMCS with a transition to the left ventricular assist device) might be the preferred strategy before CA. In high-risk patients who are not potential candidates for these treatment options, radiotherapy could be considered as a bail-out treatment of recurrent VTs. These approaches should be studied in prospective trials.
Chronic neuropathic pain is an increasingly prevalent societal issue that responds poorly to existing therapeutic strategies. The α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has emerged as a potential target to treat neuropathic pain. However, challenges in expressing functional α9α10 nAChRs in mammalian cell lines have slowed the discovery of α9α10 ligands and studies into the relationship between α9α10 nAChRs and neuropathic pain. Here, we develop a cell line in the HEK293 background that stably expresses functional α9α10 nAChRs. By also developing cell lines expressing only α9 and α10 subunits, we identify distinct receptor pharmacology between homomeric α9 or α10 and heteromeric α9α10 nAChRs. Moreover, we demonstrate that incubation with nAChR ligands differentially regulates the expression of α9- or α10-containing nAChRs, suggesting a possible mechanism by which ligands may modify receptor composition and trafficking in α9- and α10-expressing cells. We then apply our α9α10 cell line in a screen of FDA-approved and investigational drugs to identify α9α10 ligands that provide new tools to probe α9α10 nAChR function. We demonstrate that one compound from this screen, diphenidol, possesses antinociceptive activity in a murine model of neuropathic pain. These results expand our understanding of α9α10 receptor pharmacology and provide new starting points for developing efficacious neuropathic pain treatments.