anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
A process of treating keratinous material is disclosed. The process comprises applying to the keratinous material a first composition (A) and a second composition (B). The first composition (A) comprises (A1) less than about 10% by weight of water, based on the total weight of the first composition (A), and (A2) one or more organic C1-C6 alkoxy silanes and/or condensation products thereof. The second composition comprises (B1) water and (B2) one or more aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms. A multicomponent packaging unit (kit-of-parts) is also provided. The kit-of-parts includes, separately prepared, a first container comprising the first composition (A), a second container comprising the second composition (B). The kit-of-parts optionally includes a third container comprising a third composition (C) comprising at least one colorant compound, and further optionally a fourth container comprising a fourth composition (D) comprising at least one film-forming polymer.
As with all therapeutic proteins, there is a potential for immunogenicity.

In clinical studies, the percentage of patients with antibodies to Aranesp was examined using the Biacore® assay. Sera from 1501 patients with CKD and 1159 patients with cancer were tested. At baseline, prior to Aranesp treatment, binding antibodies were detected in 59 patients (4%) with CKD and 36 patients with cancer (3%). During Aranesp therapy (range: 22 to 177 weeks), a follow-up sample was taken. One additional patient with CKD and 8 additional patients with cancer developed antibodies capable of binding Aranesp. In two studies of pediatric patients with CKD aged 2-16, 20 of 111 patients with CKD (18%) receiving dialysis and 6 of 69 patients (9%) not receiving dialysis had anti-ESA antibodies at baseline. During therapy, 4 additional patients receiving dialysis and 4 additional patients not receiving dialysis developed antibodies capable of binding Aranesp.

None of the patients had antibodies capable of neutralizing the activity of Aranesp or endogenous erythropoietin at baseline or at end of study. No clinical sequelae consistent with PRCA were associated with the presence of these antibodies.

The incidence of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors, including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to Aranesp with the incidence of antibodies to other products may be misleading.

Neutralizing antibodies to darbepoetin alfa that cross-react with endogenous erythropoietin and other ESAs can result in PRCA or severe anemia (with or without other cytopenias) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new salt of monatin expected as a sweentener and an organic amine and its crystal and to provide a new method for resolving a stereoisomer of monatin.  <P>SOLUTION: The salt of monatin and an organic amine component such as an amino acid, an amino-alcohol, a dipeptide ester, etc., is provided as the new salt of monatin. The salt of monatin and an amino acid, a dipeptide ester, etc., is usable as a sweetening substance, its crystal is stable, has high sweetness and is expected to be a sweetener, its component and a sweetness providing component for food and beverage. The method for producing a stereoisomer of monatin comprises forming crystal of a salt of the stereoisomer mixture of monatin and an organic amine and using difference in crystallinity and solubility. A product such as a sweetener using monatin or food and beverage provided with sweetness is obtained by a method for producing a high-purity stereoisomer of monatin.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
This study aimed to characterize the sensory responses observed when electrically stimulating the white matter surrounding the posterior insula and medial operculum (PIMO). We reviewed patients operated on under awake conditions for a glioma located in the temporoparietal junction. Patients' perceptions were retrieved from operative reports. Stimulation points were registered in the Montreal Neurological Institute template. A total of 12 stimulation points in 8 patients were analyzed. Painful sensations in the contralateral leg were reported (5 sites in 5 patients) when stimulating the white matter close to the parcel OP2/3 of the Glasser atlas. Pain had diverse qualities: burning, tingling, crushing, or electric shock. More laterally, in the white matter of OP1, pain and heat sensations in the upper part of the body were described (5 sites in 2 patients). Intermingled with these sites, vibration sensations were also reported (3 sites in 2 patients). Based on the tractograms of 44 subjects from the Human Connectome Project data set, we built a template of the pathways linking the thalamus to OP2/3 and OP1. Pain sites were located in the thalamo-OP2/3 and thalamo-OP1 tracts. Heat sites were located in the thalamo-OP1 tract. In the 227 awake surgeries performed for a tumor located outside of the PIMO region, no patients ever reported pain or heat sensations when stimulating the white matter. Thus, we propose that the thalamo-PIMO connections constitute the main cortical inputs for nociception and thermoception and emphasize that preserving these fibers is of utmost importance to prevent the postoperative onset of a debilitating insulo-opercular pain syndrome.
BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a major burden on patients and health systems. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of routine change of sterile gloves and instruments before abdominal wall closure to prevent SSI.
METHODS: A decision-analytic model was built to estimate average costs and outcomes of changing gloves and instruments before abdominal wall closure compared with current practice. Clinical data were obtained from the ChEETAh trial, a multicentre, cluster-randomised trial in seven low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), and costs were obtained from a study (KIWI) that assessed costs associated with SSIs in LMICs. Outcomes were measured as the percentage of surgeries resulting in SSIs. Costs were measured from a health-care provider perspective and were reported in 2021 US$. The economic analysis used a partially split single-country costing approach, with pooled outcomes data from all seven countries in the ChEETAh trial, and data for resource use and unit costs from India (KIWI); secondary analyses used resource use and costs from Mexico and Ghana (KIWI).
FINDINGS: In the base case, the average cost of the intervention was $259∙92 compared with $261∙10 for current practice (cost difference -$1∙18, 95% CI -4∙08 to 1∙33). In the intervention group, an estimated 17∙6% of patients had an SSI compared with 19∙7% of patients in the current practice group (absolute risk reduction 2∙10%, 95% CI 2∙07-2∙84). At all cost-effectiveness thresholds assumed ($0 to $14 000), the intervention had a higher likelihood of being cost-effective compared with current practice, indicating that the intervention was cost-effective. Similar results were obtained when the analysis using data from India was repeated using resource use and unit cost data from Mexico and Ghana.
INTERPRETATION: Routine sterile glove and instrument change before abdominal wall closure is effective and the costs are similar to those for current practice. Routine change of gloves and instruments before abdominal wall closure should be rolled out in LMICs.
FUNDING: National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Clinician Scientist Award, NIHR Global Health Research Unit Grant, and Mölnlycke Healthcare.
Placebo every other week (eow), Weeks 28-68. Placebo was discontinued in participants who met the criteria for flare.
PURPOSE: Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) can help reducing lung cancer mortality. In Taiwan, the existing screening criteria revolve around smoking habits and family history of lung cancer. The role of genetic variation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development is increasingly recognized. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential benefits of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in predicting NSCLC and enhancing the effectiveness of screening programs.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included participants without prior diagnosis of lung cancer and later received LDCT for lung cancer screening. Genetic data for these participants were obtained from the project of Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative. We adopted the model of genome-wide association study-derived PRS calculation using 19 susceptibility loci associated with the risk of NSCLC as reported by Dai et al.
RESULTS: We studied a total of 2,287 participants (1,197 male, 1,090 female). More female participants developed NSCLC during the follow-up period (4.4% v 2.5%, P = .015). The only risk factor of NSCLC diagnosis among male participants was age. Among female participants, independent risk factors of NSCLC diagnosis were age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.08 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.11]), a family history of lung cancer (aHR, 3.21 [95% CI, 1.78 to 5.77]), and PRS fourth quartile (aHR, 2.97 [95% CI, 1.25 to 7.07]). We used the receiver operating characteristics to show an AUC value of 0.741 for the conventional model. With the further incorporation of PRS, the AUC rose to 0.778.
CONCLUSION: The evaluation of PRS for NSCLC prediction holds promise for enhancing the effectiveness of lung cancer screening in Taiwan especially in women. By incorporating genetic information, screening criteria can be tailored to identify individuals at higher risks of NSCLC.
INTRODUCTION: Cardiac arrhythmias are a major concern in patients with CHD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes in patients with CHD submitted to catheter ablation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational retrospective study of patients with CHD referred for catheter ablation from January 2016 to December 2021 in a tertiary referral centre. Acute procedural endpoints and long-term outcomes were assessed.
RESULTS: A total of 44 ablation procedures were performed in 36 CHD patients (55% male, mean age 43 ±3 years). Fifty-four arrhythmias were ablated: 23 cavotricuspid isthmus atrial flutters, 10 atrial re-entrant tachycardias, eight focal atrial tachycardias, eight atrial fibrillations, three atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardias, and two ventricular tachycardias. During a median follow-up time of 37 months (interquartile range 12-51), freedom from arrhythmia recurrence was achieved in 93%, with 1.2 procedures per patient (18% with anti-arrhythmic drugs). There were no adverse events related to catheter ablation. No predictors of recurrence were identified.
CONCLUSION: In patients with CHD, catheter ablation presents a high mid-term efficacy while maintaining a safe profile.
The present invention discloses new live attenuated strains for oral immunization against cholera that are provided in freeze dried formulations for long term storage and administration to humans. These strains combine the two most important properties of live attenuated cholera vaccine candidates. One such property is being well tolerated by people ingesting them. This was achieved by virtue of mutations already described in the art. The second property is having enhanced environmental safety due to the absence of VGJ¦ DNA in their genomes and also due to null mutations in the  mshA  gene or other spontaneous mutations conducive to the lack of MSHA type IV fimbria on the bacterial surface. This was done envisioning that VGJ¦ is a filamentous phage able to recombine with CTX¦ and disseminate the cholera toxin genes. This VGJ¦ phage as well as the VGJ¦-CTX¦ recombinants uses the MSHA fibers as receptor. Being devoid of MSHA fimbria the vaccine candidates are protected from acquiring CTX¦ from the recombinant hybrid VGJ¦-CTX¦. Being devoid of VGJ¦, the vaccine candidates are impaired in the dissemination of CTX¦, via VGJ¦.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject composition having good wave characteristics, capable of reducing the damage to hair and usable not only for permanent waving of the hair but also for straight permanent waving of the hair by including a reducing agent and pentanediol. SOLUTION: This composition is obtained by including (A) one or more kinds of reducing agents (e.g. thioglycolic acid or a thiolactic acid) and (B) 1,2-pentanediol in an amount of 0.1-10 wt.% based on the whole composition. A cationic surfactant such as a quaternary ammonium compound (e.g. cetyltrimethylammonium chloride) in an amount of 0.05-5 wt.% is preferably contained in the composition. When the composition is used for permanent waving, 1-5 wt.% of a 10-22C aliphatic alcohol is preferably contained to provide about 500-10,000 mPa.s viscosity measured with a Brookfield viscometer at 20 deg.C.
Two sexual hormones are obtained in pure crystalline form, from urine of pregnant animals, placentic or amniotic fluid by extraction with an organic solvent, followed by differential distribution of the two hormones present in the extract between an aqueous alkaline solvent and organic solvents non-miscible with water.  A method of preparation is described in detail.  The hormones are stated to have probable respective formul  C18H24O2, with two hydroxyl groups, and C18H24O3, with three hydroxyl groups.  The acetyl derivatives of each hormone is referred to, and information is given as to their solubilities in various solvents, and their crystalline structures, melting-points and iodine numbers.ALSO:Two sexual hormones are obtained, in pure crystalline form, from urine of pregnant animals, placent , or amniotic fluid by extraction with an organic solvent, evaporating the solvent, extracting the residue with aqueous alkali, extracting the solution so obtained with an organic solvent non-miscible with water, evaporating the solvent to obtain a residue to be extracted with aqueous alkali, and so on for a number of times. That part of the residues which is insoluble in alkali is discarded, the final solution in organic solvent yields one hormone (alpha), and the combined aqueous alkaline solutions remaining after extraction with organic solvent yield a second hormone (beta).  According to an example urine is acidified and extracted with butyl alcohol, the alcohol is distilled, the residue is leached with benzol, the benzol is distilled, the residue extracted with dilute aqueous caustic soda, the aqueous alkaline extract is extracted with sulphuric ether, the ether evaporated, the residue steam distilled to remove volatile matter, and the oily residue repeatedly treated with dilute caustic soda and with ether.  Alpha hormone is obtained from the final ether solution by evaporation of the ether, crystallization from ethyl alcohol, and recrystallization from aqueous ethyl alcohol, aqueous acetone, benzol, ethyl acetate, or petroleum ether, or from butyl alcohol on addition of petroleum ether.  The beta hormone is obtained from the combined aqueous alkaline solutions by acidification to give a crystalline precipitate, which is recrystallized from ethyl or butyl alcohol, or a mixture of butyl alcohol with petroleum ether. The original precipitate, on acidification, when too impure to be crystalline, may be extracted with sulphuric or petroleum ether, washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate and re-transferred to aqueous solution by extraction with dilute caustic soda.  The aqueous solution is washed with ether and acidified to yield crystals.  The hormones may be administered by injection or per os in aqueous or oily solutions. The hormones are stated to have probable respective formul  C18H24O2 with two hydroxyl groups, and C18H24O3 with three hydroxyl groups, the acetyl derivatives of each are referred to, and information is given as to their solubilities in various solvents, and their crystalline structures, melting points and iodine numbers. Their physiological properties are described.
It is recommended that patients initiate oral therapy with Prograf capsules if possible. 

Initial dosage and observed tacrolimus whole blood trough concentrations for adults are shown in Table 1 and for pediatrics in Table 3 [see Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.2)]; for blood concentration monitoring details in kidney transplant patients [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].

It is important to take Prograf capsules consistently every day either with or without food because the presence and composition of food decreases the bioavailability of Prograf [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Patients should not eat grapefruit or drink grapefruit juice in combination with Prograf [see Drug Interactions (7.2)].

Prograf should not be used simultaneously with cyclosporine. Prograf or cyclosporine should be discontinued at least 24 hours before initiating the other. In the presence of elevated Prograf or cyclosporine concentrations, dosing with the other drug usually should be further delayed.

In patients unable to take oral Prograf capsules, therapy may be initiated with Prograf injection as a continuous IV infusion. If IV therapy is necessary, conversion from IV to oral Prograf is recommended as soon as oral therapy can be tolerated. This usually occurs within 2-3 days. In patients receiving an IV infusion, the first dose of oral therapy should be given 8-12 hours after discontinuing the IV infusion.
Retinoic acid-induced 1 (RAI1) is a dosage-sensitive gene that causes autistic phenotypes when deleted or duplicated. Observations from clinical cases and animal models also suggest that changes of RAI1 expression levels contribute to autism. Previously, we used a bioinformatic approach to identify several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within the 5'-region of RAI1 that correlate with RAI1 mRNA expression in the human brain. In particular, the SNP rs4925102 was identified as a candidate cis-acting regulatory variant, the genotype of which may affect the binding of transcription factors that influence RAI1 mRNA expression. In this study, we provide experimental evidence based on reporter gene, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and chromatin conformation capture (3C) assays that rs4925102 regulates RAI1 mRNA expression in an allele-specific manner in human cell lines, including the neuroblastoma-derived cell line SH-SY5Y. We also describe a statistically significant association between rs4925102 genotype and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis in a case-control study and near-statistically significant association in an Autism Genome Project (AGP) transmission disequilibrium (TDT) study using Caucasian subjects.
Participants undergo PS2.1/PS3 imaging and high-resolution microendoscope imaging with proflavine hemisulfate applied to the mucosa. Patients also undergo brush biopsy and incisional biopsy. Procedures are repeated every 3-4 months for 2 years.
PURPOSE: The effects of first-generation antihistamines in preventing postoperative emergence agitation or delirium are unclear. Determining the postoperative effects of first-generation antihistamines may provide important insights into the management of patient safety. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and safety of postoperative first-generation antihistamines.
METHODS: Patients who used first-generation antihistamines in the intensive care unit or operating room were included. Primary outcomes were assessed postoperative emergence agitation or delirium with binary and continuous variables. The secondary outcome was any adverse event.
RESULTS: Nine studies were included. The frequency of postoperative emergence agitation, measured using binary variables, tended to be lower in patients receiving chlorpheniramine or diphenhydramine than those receiving saline. However, evaluation using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale as a continuous variable revealed that only chlorpheniramine was effective at lowering postoperative emergence agitation. Only one study assessed delirium but found no benefit of first-generation antihistamines. Adverse events for first-generation antihistamines did not differ from that of other drugs.
CONCLUSION: Our results provide limited evidence that some first-generation antihistamines may prevent postoperative emergence agitation and are safe. To further verify this possibility, new RCTs with clear and universal assessment criteria for postoperative emergence agitation or delirium should be conducted.
Gemfibrozil is a lipid regulating agent. It is available as tablets for oral administration. Each tablet contains 600 mg gemfibrozil. In addition, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: calcium stearate, colloidal silicon dioxide, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, microcrystalline cellulose, polydextrose K, polyethylene glycol 4000, polysorbate 80, pregelatinized starch and titanium dioxide. The chemical name is 5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid, with the following structural formula:

C15H22O3 M.W. 250.35

The solubility in water and acid is 0.0019% and in dilute base it is greater than 1%. The melting point is 58o to 61oC. Gemfibrozil is a white solid which is stable under ordinary conditions.
Plastic wound retractors are currently used in abdominal surgery for wound retraction. They allow access to intra-abdominal organs through an incision in abdominal surgery. Plastic wound retractors may also act as a barrier to bacterial translocation from the abdominal cavity to the wound. The purpose of this study was to compare microbial flora from inside and outside the plastic wound retractor to establish whether plastic wound retractors affect bacterial translocation.

METHODS This multi-centre prospective observational study is being conducted between November 2007 and January 2010. Patients undergoing elective or emergency abdominal surgery in which an Alexis® wound retractor is used are eligible for inclusion in the study. Swabs are taken from inside and outside the Alexis® wound protector immediately prior to removal of the wound protector from the abdominal cavity. Swabs undergo gram stain and culture. "Inside" the wound swab is defined as the part of the wound protector in contact with the intra-abdominal organs, "outside" is the part in contact with the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Results from inside and outside swabs are then compared to establish whether there is a difference in bacterial flora. The study aims to establish whether a plastic wound retractor (Alexis®) reduces translocation of enteric bacteria to the surgical incision site.