anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The active component of SPIRIVA RESPIMAT is tiotropium. The drug substance, tiotropium bromide monohydrate, is an anticholinergic with specificity for muscarinic receptors. It is chemically described as (1α, 2β, 4β, 5α, 7β)-7-[(Hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4] nonane bromide monohydrate. It is a synthetic, non-chiral, quaternary ammonium compound. Tiotropium bromide is a white or yellowish white powder. It is sparingly soluble in water and soluble in methanol.

The structural formula is:

Tiotropium bromide (monohydrate) has a molecular mass of 490.4 and a molecular formula of C19H22NO4S2Br ∙ H2O.

The drug product, SPIRIVA RESPIMAT, is composed of a sterile, aqueous solution of tiotropium bromide filled into a 4.5 mL plastic container crimped into an aluminum cylinder (SPIRIVA RESPIMAT cartridge) for use with the SPIRIVA RESPIMAT inhaler. Excipients include water for injection, edetate disodium, benzalkonium chloride and hydrochloric acid. The SPIRIVA RESPIMAT cartridge is only intended for use with the SPIRIVA RESPIMAT inhaler. The RESPIMAT inhaler is a hand held, pocket sized oral inhalation device that uses mechanical energy to generate a slow moving aerosol cloud of medication from a metered volume of the drug solution.

When used with the SPIRIVA RESPIMAT inhaler, each cartridge containing 4 grams of sterile aqueous solution delivers the labeled number of metered actuations after preparation for use. Each dose (one dose equals two actuations) from the SPIRIVA RESPIMAT inhaler delivers 2.5 mcg or 5 mcg of tiotropium in 22.1 mcL from the mouthpiece. As with all inhaled drugs, the actual amount of drug delivered to the lung may depend on patient factors, such as the coordination between the actuation of the inhaler and inspiration through the delivery system. The duration of inspiration should be at least as long as the spray duration (1.5 seconds).

Prior to first use, the SPIRIVA RESPIMAT cartridge is inserted into the SPIRIVA RESPIMAT inhaler and the unit is primed. When using the unit for the first time, patients are to actuate the inhaler toward the ground until an aerosol cloud is visible and then repeat the process three more times. The unit is then considered primed and ready for use. If not used for more than 3 days, patients are to actuate the inhaler once to prepare the inhaler for use. If not used for more than 21 days, patients are to actuate the inhaler until an aerosol cloud is visible and then repeat the process three more times to prepare the inhaler for use [see Patient Counseling Information (17)].
Within the last decade, Linac based stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been shown to be an effective treatment option for pancreas1, 2 and liver3, 4 tumors. SBRT delivers high doses of radiation therapy to the tumor over only 1-5 treatments. Because of the spatial precision of SBRT, it is feasible to administer a high radiation dose in only a few treatments. By minimizing the amount of radiation to surrounding healthy tissue, it is possible to decrease the rate of toxicity/complication and increase the radiation dose to cancerous tissue, thereby allowing better local control.

SBRT of the abdomen has been limited by the movement of intra-abdominal organs that naturally occurs with respiration and bowel movement. Organ motion occurs both intra- and inter-fractionally. While intra-fractional motion is a result of respiration, peristalsis and cardiac motion, the magnitude of inter-fractional target motion is dependent of daily variations in organ filling, weight change, tumor growth and radiation induced changes of tissue. Tumor movement may lead to tumor displacement and suboptimal dose delivery. Accurate localization of the target is very important to improve treatment delivery accuracy and reduce toxicity of the treatment. To evaluate tumor motion due to breathing motion, a four dimensional (4D) CT simulation scan is performed. If the tumor moves more than 3 mm during a breathing cycle, breathing motion management is employed using Active Breathing Control (ABC) technique. ABC requires the patient to hold his/her breath within the proper tidal volume while treatment is delivered, while free breathing may be resumed between periods of treatment. This technique limits the delivery of RT to specific phases of the respiratory cycle so as to minimize the influence of breathing on the delineated tumor.

Despite significant progress made in ABC technique, tumor and organ motion could only be minimized and not eliminated completely with this technique. Assessing patient specific tumor/organ motion (both intra- and interfractional) throughout the course of SBRT treatment offers the possibility of ensuring delivery of the prescribed target dose while simultaneously minimizing normal tissue damage. In order to monitor the abdominal soft tissue motion, the Department of Radiation Oncology has developed a 4D ultrasound technique based on an ultrasound probe holder and a continuous motion monitoring software. The 4D ultrasound image is acquired by using a motorized 3D ultrasound probe and image continuously. 4D ultrasound is a new non-ionizing and non-invasive imaging technique that continuously monitors the tumor motion during the radiation treatment in real time.
BACKGROUND: Nocardia farcinica is one of the most common Nocardia species causing human infections. It is an opportunistic pathogen that often infects people with compromised immune systems. It could invade human body through respiratory tract or skin wounds, cause local infection, and affect other organs via hematogenous dissemination. However, N. farcinica-caused bacteremia is uncommon. In this study, we report a case of bacteremia caused by N. farcinica in China.
CASE PRESENTATION: An 80-year-old woman was admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital with recurrent fever, right abdominal pain for one and a half month, and right adrenal gland occupation. N. farcinica was identified as the causative pathogen using blood culture and plasma metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The clinical considerations included bacteremia and adrenal gland abscess caused by Nocardia infection. As the patient was allergic to sulfanilamide, imipenem/cilastatin and linezolid were empirically administered. Unfortunately, the patient eventually died less than a month after the initiation of anti-infection treatment.
CONCLUSION: N. farcinica bacteremia is rare and its clinical manifestations are not specific. Its diagnosis depends on etiological examination, which can be confirmed using techniques such as Sanger sequencing and mNGS. In this report, we have reviewed cases of Nocardia bloodstream infection reported in the past decade, hoping to improve clinicians' understanding of Nocardia bloodstream infection and help in its early diagnosis and timely treatment.
Parent and child participants complete the COG Standard Neuropsychological and Behavioral Battery at approximately 9, 30, and 60 months post-diagnosis in a 1-2 hour testing session conducted by a neuropsychologist or psychologist. The Battery consists of measures of intelligence, processing speed, attention, memory, language preference, behavioral/social/emotional function, executive function, adaptive function, and quality of life.
PURPOSE:To provide the titled cleaning and sterilizing agent containing stabilized chlorine dioxide, etc. as active component, applicable in the form of an aqueous solution, powder, fine granules, or jelly, and giving beauty and hygienic skin without damaging the skin. CONSTITUTION:Stabilized chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is added to cosmetic or perfumery to clean the water and keep the freshness of water contained in the cosmetic, etc. Water, distilled water or hot water playing important role in the production of cosmetic and perfumery can be cleaned and sterilized by this process. The stabilized chlorine dioxide used as an active component is a strong oxidizing agent suitable for the disinfection, deodorization, sterilization and antiseptic treatment, and having excellent antibacterial activity to keep the cleanness and freshness of water and to prevent the proliferation of bacteria and fungi. It can be applied to various fields because of its colorless, tasteless and non-toxic nature.
This invention is directed to novel purine-based compounds for inclusion into oligonucleotides. The compounds of the invention, when incorporated into oligonucleotides are especially useful as "antisense" agents -- agents that are capable of specific hybridization with a nucleotide sequence of an RNA. The compounds of the invention may also be used for cross-linking oligonucleotides. Oligonucleotides are used for a variety of therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, such as treating deseases, regulating gene expression in experimental systems, assaying for RNA and for RNA products through the employment of antisense interactions with such RNA, diagnosing diseases, modulating the production of proteins, and cleaving RNA in site specific fashions. The compounds of the invention include novel heterocyclic bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides. When incorporated into oligonucleotides, the compounds of the invention can be useful for modulating the activity of RNA.
BACKGROUND Gallbladder anomalies are rare congenital defects with an incidence rate of approximately 2% in the general population. Phrygian cap gallbladder is a common anatomical variant in which the fundus of the gallbladder folds on itself. Gallstone impaction is rare, and it can be associated with acute pancreatitis. This report describes a 42-year-old woman with recurrent pancreatitis associated with gallstones and Phrygian cap gallbladder. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 42-year-old woman with acute biliary pancreatitis and a history of repeated hospitalizations for episodes of pancreatitis. A preoperative MRI was conducted, which revealed the presence of a Phrygian cap gallbladder that had not been previously reported in imaging studies. The patient underwent cholecystectomy surgery with a laparo-endoscopic approach (rendezvous technique). No intra- or postoperative complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS We report a case of acute biliary pancreatitis caused by stone migration and describe the anatomical variant of the Phrygian cap gallbladder with its clinical implications. The literature contains very few reports of cholecystitis or pancreatitis in patients with a gallbladder anomaly. Continuous reporting of anatomical variations of the gallbladder and biliary tract improves clinical knowledge, and knowledge of gallbladder anomalies is crucial to avoid injury to the biliary tract during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This case emphasizes the importance of accurate preoperative evaluation to prevent serious surgical complications.
In the Phase III, 200 adult subjects will be assigned to receive NDV-HXP-S 10μg/0.5mL intramuscular (deltoid), booster, 1 dose. All the population will be evaluated for safety and immunogenicity.
This group will receive 100 mg of losartan per day. Amlodipine will be maintained.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce a new compound having an excellent matrix metalloproteasae inhibiting activity and useful as a preventing and therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis, chronic articular rheumatism, cancer, etc. SOLUTION: This compound is represented by formula I [rings A and B are each a (substituted) homocyclic ring or a (substituted) heterocyclic ring and capable of mutually binding substituent groups in both the rings and forming a condensed ring together with the rings A and B and Y; R1 is H or a (substituted) hydrocarbon; X is O or S; Y is a direct bond, a bivalent (substituted) 1-3C aliphatic hydrocarbon or the like; (m) is 1 or 2; (n) is O or 1], e.g. 3-benzyl-4-oxo-N-(4-phenoxybenzyl)-2-thioxo-5-thiazolidineacetamide. The compound represented by formula I is obtained by reacting a compound represented by formula II or its salt [e.g. N-(4-phenoxybenzyl)maleic acid monoamide] with a compound represented by formula III or its salt (e.g. benzyldithiocarbamic acid triethylamine salt) preferably at -20 to +100 deg.C for 1-24 h as one preferred method for production.
Functional electric stimulation in the postural corrected position was developed at our workplace. Participants first underwent individual two-hour session consisting of postural correction using MPAT and the device (The WalkAide® System, Innovative Neurotronics Inc., 4999 Aircenter Circle, Suite 103 Reno, NV 89502, USA) programming (28). Patients received the device to use as much as they felt they were able to during their normal daily living activities thereafter.
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Intravesical mesh is an uncommon complication following synthetic midurethral sling placement. Management options have included endoscopic techniques such as laser ablation or surgical excision. We present our technique for robotic-assisted excision of intravesical mesh following a retropubic midurethral sling.
METHODS: The patient is a 66-year-old woman with a remote history of laser ablation of intraurethral mesh after midurethral sling, and persistent symptomatic intravesical mesh with associated stone at the bladder neck and right bladder wall. Robotic excision of the intravesical mesh and stone was performed by entering the space of Retzius, carrying the dissection along the right arm of the retropubic sling, performing two cystotomies to free and remove the mesh, and finally closing the cystotomies in two layers.
RESULTS: The patient was discharged on postoperative day 1. A cystogram prior to catheter removal showed no extravasation and a competent bladder neck. She reported no new stress incontinence and had improvement in overactive bladder symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: Robotic excision of intravesical mesh after synthetic midurethral sling was safely performed in this patient who had multiple areas of intravesical mesh. Management aspects reported here may be helpful for complex presentations of intravesical mesh.
Pts will receive pembrolizumab/MK-3475 after transurethral resection of bladder tumor/TURBT in comb w/BCG as initial therapy. Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) will be administered as a 400 mg IV infusion at 6-wk intervals for 9 doses over a 48-wk period, unless there is unacceptable toxicity or other reasons to discontinue treatment occur. Intravesical BCG therapy (TICE strain, 50 mg) will be given 1x-weekly for 6 consecutive wks as a standard induction course, followed by maintenance BCG consistent w/standard clinical practice. BCG will start on wk 3 after the first infusion of pembrolizumab (400 mg) to allow for initial priming of T cells to further enhance the effects of BCG treatment.
Intervention Group members will receive 32 weeks of remote Contingency Management (CM; financial motivational incentives), Recovery Coaching, substance testing, appointment reminding/tracking, and in-app Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). After 32 weeks, coaching, testing, appointment tracking and CBT will continue until an overall 12 months in the project is completed.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an anti-obesity agent which can exhibit a high anti-obesity effect.  <P>SOLUTION: The anti-obesity agent has hydrophilic components derived from citrus fruits as an active ingredient. This active ingredient contains a polyphenol. Preferably, this anti-obesity agent contains a polar solvent extract of citrus fruits or their constituting components. The above polar solvent extract of citrus fruits or their constituting components is composed of an extract obtained by extraction of the above citrus fruits or their constituting components with at least one polar solvent selected from water, a lower alcohol, glycerin, and glacial acetic acid. Fig. 1 is a graph obtained by plotting respective increases in weight with respect to a first control group of obese mice raised on a high carbohydrate meal, a second control group of obese mice raised on a high fat meal, and an experimental group of obese mice raised on a high fat meal and the anti-obesity agent (hydrophilic components derived from lemon).  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an inhibitor of the production of enterotoxins by Staphylococcus aureus which effectively inhibits the production of enterotoxins by Staphylococcus aureus without affecting the normal bacterial flora in the skin and the intestine, is useful for the prevention of the exacerbation of allergic diseases involved with a superantigen, such as atopic dermatitis, or the mitigation of the condition of the diseases and the prevention of food poisoning, and excels in stability and safety.  <P>SOLUTION: The inhibitor of the production of enterotoxins by Staphylococcus aureus comprises an extract of Caulerpa lentillifera. The inhibitor is obtained by incorporating an extract of one or more plants selected from Humulus lupulus L., Forsythia suspensa Vahl, Forsytha viridissima Lindl., Forsythia koreana Nakai, Calendula officinalis L., Calendula arvensis L., Lonicera japonica Thunb., Lonicera gracilipes Miq. var. glabra Miq., Salvia officinalis L. and its variety, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and its same genus plants, Sasa veitchii Rehd., Urtica thunbergiana Sieb. et Zucc., Laporteamacrostachya Ohwi, Isodon japonicus Hara, and Isodon trichocarpus Kudo in combination with the extract of Caulerpa lentillifera into a carrier or a base.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
Patients receive EGFRvIII -CAR T cells intracerebroventricular over 15 minutes on day 1. Patients may receive additional cycles based on the persistence of the cells.
The current obstetrical practice at birth in the United States is that the umbilical cord of the very low birth weight (VLBW) infant is clamped immediately. When immediate cord clamping occurs, up to 50% of the fetal-placental blood volume may be left in the placenta acutely increasing vulnerability to hypovolemia (low blood volume). In the investigators previous randomized control trial, it was found that infants who received a simple delay in umbilical cord clamping for 30-45 seconds experienced significantly lower incidence of bleeding in the brain and fewer systemic infections throughout the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay and had higher scores on muscular control and function at 7 months corrected age. In the investigators current Phase 2 randomized controlled trial, examines the motor functioning of infants randomized to immediate cord clamping (ICC) or delayed cord clamping (DCC) at 7 months corrected age (age based on due date and not the pre-term birth rate).

Our objective for this new grant from the Thrasher Foundation is to examine the differences in the long-term effects of ICC vs. DCC on developmental outcomes of our study infants at 18-22 months corrected age. The investigators hypothesis is that the positive effects of DCC, less bleeding in the brain and less infection, may also result in better motor and mental functioning at 18-22 months corrected age. Differentiation between cognitive and motor function is more obvious in the developing toddler than in younger infants. The diagnosis of cerebral palsy becomes more definitive with age and cognitive skills such as expressive and receptive language continue to emerge.
Obesity, with complications such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and even cancer, is rampant worldwide. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been extensively studied as key players in the epigenetic regulation of cellular metabolism. However, the function of HDAC11 has long been focused on the immune and nervous systems and cancer development, and its potential role in obesity has been poorly studied. We found that the expression of HDAC11 was highly upregulated in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese mice and was closely related to the progression of obesity. Knockdown of HDAC11 by lentiviral injection in high-fat diet-fed mice attenuated the development of obesity. Furthermore, knockdown of HDAC11 ameliorated WAT hypertrophy and induced WAT browning. At the cellular level, silencing of HDAC11 promoted the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into brown adipocyte-like cells and inhibited the proliferation of ADSCs. More interestingly, HDAC11 expression was elevated in ADSCs isolated from obese mice, and silencing of HDAC11 facilitated the spontaneous differentiation of ADSCs into mesoderm, which is the source of adipocytes. This also superficially and effectively demonstrates the exciting prospect of HDAC11 silencing in obesity research and treatment, as a valve for "energy saving and flow reduction".
PLE patients will be recruited through the Photodermatology Unit of the Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Austria. Eligible patients will be identified through diagnosis-related computer-assisted search in the electronic patient chart system of the Unit. The diagnosis of PLE will be verified by patient's history, clinical symptoms, histologic findings, laboratory studies and/or phototesting procedures.

A calcipotriol-cream and a placebo cream are used in this study. Fifteen PLE patients will be enrolled. On day 1, the individual minimal erythema dose (MED) is assessed on patients' skin by exposure to a test ladder of solar-simulated UVR produced by a xenon arc source (Oriel Corp. Darmstadt, Germany). From day 2 to 5, 0.5 individual MED exposures (increased by 0 to 30% per exposure, depending on the erythema response to a preceding dose) are given to a total of four 10-by-10 cm skin test fields on symmetrically located, individual PLE predilection sites on the trunk or extremities. These test fields are pretreated in a randomized and double-blinded fashion either with the calcipotriol cream or the placebo cream (twice a day) during 7 days before start of phototesting.
Patients receive PF regimen comprising cisplatin IV over 60-120 minutes and fluorouracil IV over 96 hours continuously beginning at least 4 weeks after completion of IMRT. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 3 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Experience with doxazosin mesylate overdosage is limited. Two adolescents, who each intentionally ingested 40 mg doxazosin tablets with diclofenac or acetaminophen, were treated with gastric lavage with activated charcoal and made full recoveries. A two-year-old child who accidently ingested 4 mg doxazosin tablets was treated with gastric lavage and remained normotensive during the five-hour emergency room observation period. A six-month-old child accidentally received a crushed 1 mg tablet of doxazosin tablets and was reported to have been drowsy. A 32-year-old female with chronic renal failure, epilepsy, and depression intentionally ingested 60 mg doxazosin tablets (blood level = 0.9 mcg/mL; normal values in hypertensives = 0.02 mcg/mL); death was attributed to a grand mal seizure resulting from hypotension. A 39-year-old female who ingested 70 mg doxazosin tablets, alcohol, and Dalmane® (flurazepam) developed hypotension which responded to fluid therapy.

The oral LD50 of doxazosin is greater than 1000 mg/kg in mice and rats. The most likely manifestation of overdosage would be hypotension, for which the usual treatment would be intravenous infusion of fluid. As doxazosin is highly protein bound, dialysis would not be indicated.
The initial dosage of acebutolol in uncomplicated mild-to-moderate hypertension is 400 mg. This can be given as a single daily dose, but in occasional patients twice daily dosing may be required for adequate 24-hour blood-pressure control. An optimal response is usually achieved with dosages of 400 mg to 800 mg per day, although some patients have been maintained on as little as 200 mg per day. Patients with more severe hypertension or who have demonstrated inadequate control may respond to a total of 1200 mg daily (administered b.i.d.), or to the addition of a second antihypertensive agent. Beta-1 selectivity diminishes as dosage is increased.