anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Chitinase 3 like-1 (CHI3L1) has been reported to function as an oncogene in many types of cancer. However, the biological function of CHI3L1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unknown.
METHODS: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NPC tissues in GSE64634 and GSE12452 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). CHI3L1, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) mRNA expression was examined by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 and EdU incorporation assays. Western blot analysis was used to measure the changes of CHI3L1, nuclear factor-κappaB (NF-κB), and protein kinase B (Akt) pathways. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed using DAVID database.
RESULTS: We identified 3 overlapping DEGs using Draw Venn diagram, among which CHI3L1 was chosen for the following analyses. CHI3L1 was upregulated in NPC tissues and cells. CHI3L1 silencing suppressed inflammatory response by inactivating the NF-κB pathway and inhibited cell proliferation in NPC cells. On the contrary, CHI3L1 overexpression induced inflammatory response by activating the NF-κB pathway and promoted cell proliferation in NPC cells. According to GO and KEGG analyses, CHI3L1 positive regulates Akt signaling and is enriched in the PI3K-Akt pathway. CHI3L1 knockdown inhibited the Akt pathway, and CHI3L1 overexpression activated the Akt pathway in NPC cells. Akt overexpression abolished the effects of CHI3L1 knockdown on inflammatory response, NF-κB pathway, and proliferation in NPC cells. On the contrary, Akt knockdown abolished the effects of CHI3L1 overexpression on inflammatory response, NF-κB pathway, and proliferation in NPC cells.
CONCLUSION: CHI3L1 knockdown inhibited NF-κB-dependent inflammatory response and promoting proliferation in NPC cells by inactivating the Akt pathway.
Experimental: Part A: ramucirumab (IMC-1121B) and paclitaxel Cycle 1: paclitaxel administered on Day 1 of 2-week cycle. Cycle 2 and beyond : ramucirumab (IMC-1121B) administered on Day 1 and Day 15, paclitaxel administered on Day 1, Day 8 and Day 15 of 4-week cycle.
In the process of sepsis, excessive occurrence of pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death acting as a defense mechanism against pathogens, can disrupt immune responses, thus leading to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), derived from chitosan degradation, has demonstrated diverse beneficial effects. However, its impact on sepsis-induced pyroptosis remains unexplored. In the present study, ATP/LPS was utilized to induce canonical-pyroptosis in THP-1 cells, while bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMV) were employed to trigger non-canonical pyroptosis in RAW264.7 cells. Our results revealed a dose-dependent effect of COS on both types of pyroptosis. This was evidenced by a reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as crucial regulatory proteins involved in pyroptosis. In addition, COS inhibited the cleavage of caspase-1 and GSDMD, and reduced ASC oligomerization. The underlying mechanism revealed that COS acts an antioxidant, reducing the release of pyroptosis-induced ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) by upregulation the expression and promoting the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which led to an elevation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Notably, the actions of COS were completely reversed by the Nrf2 inhibitor. Consequently, COS intervention increased the survival rate of sepsis.
Delirium is a severe postoperative complication associated with poor overall and especially neurocognitive prognosis. Altered brain mineralization is found in neurodegenerative disorders but has not been studied in postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive decline. We hypothesized that mineralization-related hypointensity in susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (SWI) is associated with postoperative delirium and cognitive decline. In an exploratory, hypothesis-generating study, we analysed a subsample of cognitively healthy patients ≥65 years who underwent SWI before (N = 65) and 3 months after surgery (N = 33). We measured relative SWI intensities in the basal ganglia, hippocampus and posterior basal forebrain cholinergic system (pBFCS). A post hoc analysis of two pBFCS subregions (Ch4, Ch4p) was conducted. Patients were screened for delirium until the seventh postoperative day. Cognitive testing was performed before and 3 months after surgery. Fourteen patients developed delirium. After adjustment for age, sex, preoperative cognition and region volume, only pBFCS hypointensity was associated with delirium (regression coefficient [90% CI]: B = -15.3 [-31.6; -0.8]). After adjustments for surgery duration, age, sex and region volume, perioperative change in relative SWI intensities of the pBFCS was associated with cognitive decline 3 months after surgery at a trend level (B = 6.8 [-0.9; 14.1]), which was probably driven by a stronger association in subregion Ch4p (B = 9.3 [2.3; 16.2]). Brain mineralization, particularly in the cerebral cholinergic system, could be a pathomechanism in postoperative delirium and cognitive decline. Evidence from our studies is limited because of the small sample and a SWI dataset unfit for iron quantification, and the analyses presented here should be considered exploratory.
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive degenerative brain disorder that affects memory, as well as the ability to concentrate, reason, and think in abstract form. This study was designed to examine the effectiveness and safety of galantamine (galant.) hydrobromide at a relatively high dose, compared with treatment with placebo, in men and women with Alzheimer's disease. Approximately 600 patients were screened. This was a double-blind study, i.e., neither patients nor investigators knew what treatment was given. Before the start of the double-blind phase, each patient was randomly assigned to receive either galantamine hydrobromide or placebo (i.e., no active drug). The dose was increased weekly, at a higher rate than currently recommended in the label, until the stable daily dose of 32 mg galantamine was reached. All patients took their treatment (galantamine or placebo) 3 times a day. All patients who completed the blinded phase of the study were permitted to enter an open-label phase, in which the treatment was made known to both investigators and patients. During this additional 24-week phase, all patients received treatment with galantamine hydrobromide. The effectiveness of study treatment (galantamine hydrobromide or placebo) was assessed using several measures and included the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. The MMSE consists of 12 questions and tasks designed to assess severity of Alzheimer's disease. Additional measures included the European Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale cognitive score (EURO-ADAS-cog), a Clinician's Interview Based Impression of Change (CIBIC) plus, and the Nurses' Observation Scale for Geriatric Patients (NOSGER). Safety and tolerability were assessed using physical (full and brief) examination, adverse events reports, clinical and laboratory measures, and 12-lead ECG results. Galant. was taken orally as a tablet 3 times a day with meals. Patients started their treatment with a total 8 mg of galantamine. The dose was increased weekly to a daily cumulative dose of 32 mg (the same as 40 mg Gal HBr).This dose was higher and the titration schedule was 4 times more rapid that the 16 mg and 24 mg maintenance doses and 4-weekly titration steps specified in the US label. Each phase had a 5-week titration period. After 5 weeks, patients continued to receive 40 mg.
The invention provides beta-hairpin antibacterial peptide containing asparagine and glycine corners and a preparation method thereof. The sequence of the antibacterial peptide WRFNG is shown in SEQ ID No. 1. The preparation method of the invention takes Asn-Gly corner as a corner unit, forms the mutual attraction of two beta-side chains by the interaction of Trp and Arg, and designs the antibacterial peptide template XWYRYZXWYRY-NH according to the arrangement principle of a beta-hairpin structure 2 . X ═ R, Y ═ F, ZZ ═ NG. The antibacterial peptide is applied to the preparation of medicaments for treating infectious diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria or/and gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial peptide has the therapeutic index of 138.30, is improved by 1.58 times compared with WRFPG with Pro-Gly turn and improved by 3.55 times compared with WRFpG with D-Pro-Gly turn, and has the development potential of becoming a green high-efficiency antibiotic substitute.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that in 2017 there were 10 million new cases of TB, and 1.6 million people died as a result of TB. Among new TB cases, it is estimated that 920,000 occurred in people who were HIV-coinfected, and 23% of TB deaths were among HIV-coinfected individuals. In Africa, TB is the leading AIDS-related opportunistic infection. Latent TB infection occurs when people are infected with the bacteria that cause TB, but they do not have any symptoms of TB infection. Latent TB can develop into active TB, and HIV-infected people have an increased risk of progressing from latent TB to active TB. INH is a medication that is prescribed for people with latent TB to help prevent active TB from developing. The standard INH treatment regimen is 6 to 9 months; a shorter treatment regimen of 3 months of once-weekly RPT plus INH has proven to be as effective and improved adherence. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of a 4-week daily regimen of RPT plus INH to a standard 9-month daily INH regimen for TB prevention in HIV-infected individuals.

This study enrolled HIV-infected people who did not have evidence of active TB but who were at high risk of developing active TB. Participants were randomly assigned to receive RPT and INH once a day for 4 weeks or INH once a day for 9 months. All participants received pyridoxine (vitamin B6) with each dose of INH to help prevent possible side effects. Study visits occurred at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 36. At select study visits, participants had a physical exam, clinical assessment, blood collection, and a chest radiograph or chest computed tomography (CT) scan (if needed). Some participants had their blood stored for future testing. Follow-up study visits occurred every 12 weeks starting at Week 48 and continued for 3 years after the last participant enrolled.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is based on the concept that rehabilitative training recruits neuronal systems spinal cord injury that remain intact after the injury to take over the impaired function.Working in the field of rehabilitation of the spinal cord injured, presents many challenges. Every patient presents a new and specific challenge. The tetraplegics more so than the paraplegics as the result of loss of active function of their upper extremities in addition to loss of function in the trunk and lower extremities. This study will be conducted to assess the effects of functional electrical stimulation versus limb loading exercises on hand grip strength,dexterity and function in patients with subacute spinal cord injury.

trength,dexterity and function in patients with subacute spinal cord injury. The study will be randomized clinical trial. Participants will be randomly allocated in to two groups each group will have ten participants.. This study will be conducted in two Hospitals in Punjab pakistan. The group A Will receive functional electrical stimulation .The group B will receive upper limb loading exercises .Both groups will be given 30-45 min session 5 days per week for 8 weeks. The outcomes will be measured before and after giving treatment by using modified Action Research Arm Test (ARAT),Hand held dynamometry , Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT). The results will be calculated by using SPSS 23 version . Statistical tests will be applied according to the normality of the data either it will be parametric or non-parametric.
All patients will receive standard supportive care based on current established management practice of cardio-thoracic patients. The only difference in treatment will be the randomisation of patients to receive/not receive protocolised administration of frusemide targeting a urine output.

There will be 2 groups of patients. The control group-which will receive frusemide bolus doses if required as determined by the surgeon/consultant physician. The frusemide infusion group-which will be monitored to achieve a trial specified hourly urine output target range of 1-2mls/kg/hour. In order to achieve this target the patient may need to receive a loading dose of frusemide and may also then require a frusemide infusion. The aim will be to maintain the urine output within the target range for the first 48 hours after cardiac surgery.
The method and the medicament are used in the prevention and treatment of the internal organs of domestic hoofed animals - sheep, swine, goats, cattle and others suffering from foot-and-mouth disease. By means of them, effective and reliable prophylaxis of the reared animals is made guaranteeing their complete recovery from the disease in its early stage. By the method, the medicament is administered to the animals in the form of food in granules on an empty stomach. In case of prevention it is administered in three consecutive cycles every 10 days, and in treatment - every 7 days in the course of 4 to 5 consecutive weeks. The medicament contains, in g.: 20 dried Archimilla medicinal herb, finely crushed, 10 table salt and from 120 to 150 maize, or barley flour, or mixture thereof, and from 50 to 100 water. 2 claims
This condition will feature a response tailored to screening status (above or below criteria for depression) and expressed need for mental health support (e.g., "We're so glad to hear you're open to exploring how to improve your mental health. People who score with minimum or mild depression often notice that symptoms can get worse in the weeks after taking a Depression test.") They will also receive the 4 generic resources.
All WA patients receive best medical treatment (BMT) including control of risk factors for arteriosclerosis, simvastatin 40 mg daily, aspirin 75 mg daily and are recommended outdoor walking with Nordic Poles at least 30 minutes at least three times per week. The WA patients are unsupervised during the study period and are followed by a blinded observer at baseline, three, six and 12 months.
Patients recruited for nbUVB phototherapy will have an initial dose of 0.3J-0.5J according to Fitzpatrick's skin type. The dosage will be increased by 0.3J in every other treatment session. The sessions will be given 3 times weekly until improvement is noted or reaching 8 weeks at the EOS. We arrived at this initial dose based on our previous experience with Egyptian patients in Kasr Alainy phototherapy unit in Dermatology Department, Cairo University.
The risk of severe disease caused by co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus (IAV) raises an annual concern for global public health. Extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) possess anti-inflammatory properties that can attenuate the inflammatory cytokine levels induced by viral infection. However, the effects of MSC-EV treatment on SARS-CoV-2 and IAV co-infection have not been elucidated. In the present study, we co-induced lung epithelial cells (EpiC) with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S) and H1N1 influenza viral HA protein (HA) and found robust upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in comparison to those induced by either S or HA protein. Consequently, treatment of lung endothelial cells (EC) with conditioned medium from EpiC co-induced by both S and HA proteins resulted in increased apoptosis and impaired angiogenic ability, suggesting the effects of co-induction on epithelial-endothelial crosstalk. In addition, lung EpiC co-induced by both S and HA proteins showed paracrine effects on the recruitment of immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. Of Note, EV derived from Wharton Jelly's MSC (WJ-EV) transferred miR-146a to recipient lung EpiC, which impaired TRAF6 and IRAK1, resulting in the downregulation of NF-κB pathway and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, rescuing the epithelial-endothelial crosstalk, and reducing the elevation of immune cell recruitment. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory properties of WJ-EV are affected by type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. WJ-EV derived from donors with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus contained less miR-146a and showed impaired ability to downregulate the NF-κB pathway and inflammatory cytokines in recipient cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the role of miR-146a in targeting the NF-κB pathway in the anti-inflammatory abilities of WJ-EV, which is a promising strategy to rescue the epithelial-endothelial crosstalk altered by co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and IAV.
Intense local inflammatory reactions including skin weeping or erosion can occur after a few applications of ALDARA Cream and may require an interruption of dosing [see Dosage and Administration (2), Adverse Reactions (6)] . ALDARA Cream has the potential to exacerbate inflammatory conditions of the skin, including chronic graft versus host disease. 

Severe local inflammatory reactions of the female external genitalia can lead to severe vulvar swelling.

Severe vulvar swelling can lead to urinary retention. Dosing should be interrupted or discontinued for severe vulvar swelling.

Administration of ALDARA Cream is not recommended until the skin is completely healed from any previous drug or surgical treatment.
PURPOSE:To provide a hepatopathy-treating medicine containing a 2-propene-1- one as an active ingredient and especially active on viral hepatitis. CONSTITUTION:Agent containing a compound of the formula (R1 is H, OH; R2, R3 are H, OH), e.g. 1,3-diphenyl-2-propene-1-one an active ingredient or further added with a conventional medicinal carrier, a conventional excipient, etc., by a conventional method. The agent can be formed into a shape such as tablets, sugar-coated tablets, powder, capsules, granules, suspensions, emulsions or injections, etc. The dose of the compound of the formula is 10-2000mg, preferably 20-600mg a day for an adult. The compound of the formula has an inhibiting activities against galactosamine-induced rat hepatopathy and basic hepatoprotein immunization-induced murine hepatopathy.
The aim of this study is to provide insight into the immune mechanisms involved in the pre- and posttransplant response of lung recipients to determine if short- and long-term graft outcome can be predicted and to allow for potential intervention. We have assembled a panel of assays that will test various functions of the immune response and investigate immune mechanisms involved in acute and chronic rejection (CR). Our overall hypothesis is that measurment of pre- and posttransplant immune response to donor HLA antigens/peptides can predict graft outcome. Our goal is to determine if immune parameters \[ELISpot\], intracellular T regulatory cells and ATP synthesis can identify lung recipients at high risk for developing AR and sub-clinical rejection. Sub-aim: To determine the correlation of cytokine genotypes with ELISpot results and T regulatory cell level and activity for recipients at high risk for developing acute rejection in comparison to a normal subject cohort. A second hypothesis is that recipients who experience an AR episode and remain responsive to donor antigen and those who show increased reactivity to donor HLA peptides are at high risk for developing CR. Our goal is to determine if the immune parameters (CFSE responder frequencies and response to donor peptides are assayed by CFSE, ELISpot, T regulatory cell level, and ATP synthesis) can identify lung recipients at high risk for developing CR and distinguish these immune parameters from a normal subject cohort. If successful, we will provide clinicians with the information necessary for individualization of immunosuppression intervention aimed at improving short and long-term graft outcome.
To explore the causal relationship between docosahexaenoic acid and osteoporosis. Possible causal links were investigated using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study. Its genetic correlation was estimated using chained disequilibrium regression. Sensitivity tests were also performed. There was a causal association between docosahexaenoic acid and osteoporosis, and docosahexaenoic acid was a risk factor for osteoporosis (P = .033, odds ratio [95% CI] = 1.099 [1.008-1.198]). For every 1 standard deviation increase in docosahexaenoic acid lev, the risk of developing osteoporosis increased by 9.900%. The genetic correlation between docosahexaenoic acid (h2_Z = 5.260, P = 1.430e-7), osteoporosis (h2_Z = 8.780, P = 1.160e-98), and genes was significant, but there was a weak genetic correlation between docosahexaenoic acid and osteoporosis (rg = -0.040, P = 1.630e-18). Blood levels of docosahexaenoic acid are causally linked to osteoporosis and are a risk factor for osteoporosis. However, this causal link is not brought about by genetic variation. The exact mechanism needs to be explored further.
Although the number of persons who have been (or will be) exposed to a high concentration of HIV is quite small, these persons have a high risk of becoming infected and treatments are needed to prevent infection after such an exposure. In animal studies, AZT has prevented the development of infections after exposure of the animals to a retrovirus (the HIV is a retrovirus). In patients with AIDS, AZT has been effective in delaying the progression of the disease. For these reasons a trial of AZT is indicated.

Persons accepted into the study will take AZT capsules every 4 hours (6 times daily) for 42 days. Treatment with AZT should start as soon as possible, but no later than 5 days, after exposure to the HIV. Blood and urine samples for various studies will be taken at intervals during the 42-day treatment period, and blood samples will be taken every 3 months for 1 year and every 6 months for 2 years and tested for signs of HIV infection (HIV antibody determinations).
BACKGROUND: Limited data exist regarding the use of the esketamine-propofol combination (esketofol) in pediatric surgery. This study aimed to investigate the effect of esketofol versus propofol alone on the perioperative characteristics of children undergoing minor surgery.
METHODS: Eighty-four children aged two to six years were randomly assigned to either the propofol group or the esketofol group. Intraoperative outcomes included bispectral index, dosage of anesthetics, and extubation time. Postoperative outcomes comprised oropharyngeal airway usage, time to orientation, time to eye-opening, length of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit, the need for rescue opioids, pain rating using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Scale, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Score, nausea and vomiting, and psychotomimetic symptoms. The FLACC pain score was the primary outcome, and the remaining parameters were considered secondary outcomes.
RESULTS: The FLACC Score (2 [1, 3.3] vs. 4 [3, 5.3], P<0.001) and frequency of rescue opioids (14.3% vs. 33.3%, P=0.040) were significantly lower, while Bispectral Index (BIS) was higher (P<0.001) in the esketofol group compared with the propofol group. Moreover, the time to orientation and length of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) were significantly longer in the esketofol group compared with the propofol group (P=0.029 and P=0.025, respectively). The other outcomes were similar between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Esketofol reduces postoperative pain and the need for rescue opioids, but it extends recovery time in the PACU and increases BIS without affecting other outcomes.