anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: The goal of the work described here was to develop the first neuronavigation-guided transcranial histotripsy (NaviTH) system and associated workflow for transcranial ablation.
METHODS: The NaviTH system consists of a 360-element, 700 kHz transmitter-receiver-capable transcranial histotripsy array, a clinical neuronavigation system and associated equipment for patient-to-array co-registration and therapy planning and targeting software systems. A workflow for NaviTH treatments, including pre-treatment aberration correction, was developed. Targeting errors stemming from target registration errors (TREs) during the patient-to-array co-registration process, as well as focal shifts caused by skull-induced aberrations, were investigated and characterized. The NaviTH system was used in treatments of two <96 h post-mortem human cadavers and in experiments in two excised human skullcaps.
RESULTS: The NaviTH was successfully used to create ablations in the cadaver brains as confirmed in post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging A total of three ablations were created in the cadaver brains, and targeting errors of 9, 3.4 and 4.4 mm were observed in corpus callosum, septum and thalamus targets, respectively. Errors were found to be caused primarily by TREs resulting from transducer tracking instrument design flaws and imperfections in the treatment workflow. Transducer tracking instrument design and workflow improvements reduced TREs to <2 mm, and skull-induced focal shifts, following pre-treatment aberration correction, were 0.3 mm. Total targeting errors of the NaviTH system following the noted improvements were 2.5 mm.
CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility of using the first NaviTH system in a human cadaver model has been determined. Although accuracy still needs to be improved, the proposed system has the potential to allow for transcranial histotripsy therapies without requiring active magnetic resonance treatment guidance.
Square stepping exercise is performed on a thin exercise mat divided into 40 small squares of 250 cm x 100 cm. Participants practice a set of step patterns on the mat. Square step exercises are a low-cost, highly accessible and fun exercise method. It is known that it improves motor performance and muscle strength in healthy young individuals, and has positive effects on functional fitness and gait parameters in individuals with osteoarthritis. It is known to have positive effects on balance, fall risk, walking ability, physical and cognitive function in elderly individuals. It will be applied to examine the effects on mobility, balance and position sense in individuals with multiple sclerosis.
Administration of two units of fresh frozen plasma (between 400 and 500 ml) obtained from convalescent patients from infection by SARS-CoV-2. Convalescent plasma is defined as the plasma of patients who had PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, who have recovered clinically, and who have positive antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
The volume and concentration of OMNIPAQUE 300 to be administered will depend on the degree and extent of contrast required in the area(s) under examination and on the equipment and technique employed.

OMNIPAQUE 300 at a concentration of 300 mg Iodine/mL is recommended for the examination of the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical regions in adults by lumbar or direct cervical injection and is slightly hypertonic to CSF.

A total dose of 3060 mg iodine or a concentration of 300 mg Iodine/mL should not be exceeded in adults in a single myelographic examination. This is based on clinical trial evaluation to date. As in all diagnostic procedures, the minimum volume and dose to produce adequate visualization should be used. Most procedures do not require either maximum dose or concentration.

Anesthesia is not necessary. Premedication sedatives or tranquilizers are usually not needed (see PRECAUTIONS). Patients should be well hydrated prior to and following contrast administration. Seizure-prone patients should be maintained on anticonvulsant medication. Many radiopaque contrast agents are incompatible in vitro with some antihistamines and many other drugs; therefore, concurrent drugs should not be physically admixed with contrast agents.
NEW MATERIAL:The compound of formula I [R1 and R2 are H, halogen, trihalomethyl or nitro; R3 is lower alkyl or group of formula II (B is 7-16C alkylene); A is C or N]. EXAMPLE:2,6-Demethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbo xylic acid 3-methyl ester 5-[8-(1-imidarzolyl)octyl] ester. USE:A drug having vasodilating, blood flow increasing, thrombocyte coagulation inhibiting, and thromboxane-A2 formation inhibiting activities, and useful as a vasodilator, hypotensor, an antithrombotic agent, an antiarteriosclerotic agent, etc. The coronary blood flow can be increased and keeps the high level for a long period by the administration of the compound. PREPARATION:The compound of formula I can be prepared e.g. by reacting the compound of formula III (Y is active group) with imidazole or its alkali metal salt in an inert solvent at room temperature -80 deg.C for several -24hr while stirring.
Data will be collected at four time points over the course of approximately one year and nine months. Participating couples (women and men) will be recruited during the first trimester of their first pregnancy. First measurement will take place in the week of the first routine ultrasound scan (week 12 of pregnancy) (=T0). First follow-up measures will take place six weeks postpartum (=T1). The second and third follow-up measurements will take place at six months postpartum (=T2) and twelve months postpartum (=T3).
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common surgery for patients with advanced hip osteoarthritis, aiming to reduce pain and improve function. However, THA patients often experience difficulties in mobility tasks, such as walking, stair climbing, and standing up, even years after surgery. These functional impairments increase the risk of falls, highlighting the need for effective clinical tests to assess balance and mobility. Identifying factors contributing to balance dysfunction and implementing appropriate rehabilitation are crucial for improving quality of life.

The Six-Spot Step Test (SSST), developed by Nieuwenhuis et al., is a quick and easy test that evaluates balance and mobility in daily life activities. However, its validity and reliability in THA patients have not been studied. This research aims to assess the SSST's validity, reliability, and ability to differentiate between high and low fall risk individuals in THA patients. Establishing the SSST as a valid and reliable tool will help manage rehabilitation and apply timely interventions for THA patients.
Objectives: First phase (medium-term): To evaluate the medium-term (3 months) efficacy of automatically adjusted noninvasive ventilation (NIV) treatment versus "life style modifications" treatment in obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) after an episode of acute-on-chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. The main outcome will be a composite that includes hospital resource utilization (hospital and ICU admissions and emergency department visits for any cause) and all-cause mortality. Key secondary outcomes will include incident cardiovascular events (new hypertension diagnosis or initiation of anti-hypertensive treatment, atrial fibrillation, hospitalization for nonfatal myocardial infarction or unstable angina, percutaneous coronary interventions, nonfatal stroke or transient ischemic attack or for acute heart failure episode, and cardiovascular death), blood pressure, arterial blood gases, clinical symptoms and quality of life. Second phase (long-term): Evaluate the long-term efficacy (36 months) of manually titrated NIV treatment versus manually titrated CPAP treatment in OHS after 3 months of an episode of acute-on-chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure, with a composite outcome of hospital resource utilization (hospital and ICU admissions, emergency department visits) and all-cause mortality analyzed as the primary outcome. Incident cardiovascular events, blood pressure, arterial blood gases, clinical symptoms and quality of life will be the main secondary outcomes.

Methods: Prospective, multinational, randomized open-label controlled trial with two parallel arms: 1,110 hospitalized patients with newly diagnosed OHS with acute-on-chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure treated with invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation who survive hospitalization and available for hospital discharge will be randomized to either automatically adjusted NIV (555 patients) or "life style modifications" (555 patients) for three months. Subsequently, both automatically adjusted NIV and "life style modifications" arms will be re-randomized to polysomnographically adjusted CPAP or to polysomnographically adjusted NIV groups to complete 36 months of follow up. The first phase of the proposal is a superiority study and the second phase is a non-inferiority study. The primary outcome and its components will be analyzed by a mixed-effects model with negative binomial. A mixed-effects Cox model will be used for hospital resource utilization, new cardiovascular events and overall survival. Other secondary outcomes such as repeated measures derived from the arterial blood gases (i.e. PaCO2, PaO2, pH, calculated bicarbonate), blood pressure, health-related quality of life tests and Epworth Sleepiness Scale during the follow-up will be analyzed by a linear mixed-effects model.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a novel, non-invasive and safe neuro-modulating technique, has been developed as a new therapeutic option for neuropsychiatric disorders. It encompasses the induction of a relatively weak constant current flow through the cerebral cortex via scalp electrodes. Dependent on stimulation polarity, this results in a modulation of cortical excitability and spontaneous neural activity. Compared with tDCS, high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) is highly focal and can specifically modulate cortical activity within the region confined by its 4 x 1 ring of elctrodes, such that the targeted region becomes more amenable to neuroplastic change. Studies have suggested that tDCS improve cognition, including memory recall, verbal fluency and executive function. Yet, there is not HD-tDCS study on MCI. The purpose of this study is to examine whether HD-tDCS could benefit global cognitive function and sub-domains of cognition (visual/verbal/working memory, executive function, attention, processing speed, language, and frontal lobe function), mood (depression and anxiety), and subjective memory impairment in patients with mild cognitive impairment.
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias. Myocardial fibrosis is closely associated with atrial remodeling, which leads to heightened risk of atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to explore whether forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3a) impacts myocardial fibrosis incidence by regulating mitophagy.
METHODS: Cell viability was assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. The expression of vimentin and cytochrome C was detected by immunofluorescence assays. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze the relative mRNA level of FOXO3a. Expression of FOXO3a, phosphorylated FOXO3a, Collagen I, Collagen III, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9), light chain 3 (LC3), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, and sequestosome-1 (p62) proteins were determined by western blotting. 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) incorporation was employed to measure cell proliferation. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining. A wound healing assay was used to examine cell migration, and the levels of reactive oxygen species were determined by flow cytometry.
RESULTS: The expression of FOXO3a was upregulated in cardiac fibroblasts treated with angiotensin II (AngII), while the expression of phosphorylated FOXO3a was downregulated under these conditions. FOXO3a knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and collagen secretion of cardiac fibroblasts treated with AngII. The ratio of LC3 II/I as well as expression of PINK1 and Parkin was increased, and the expression of p62 was decreased, in cardiac fibroblasts treated with AngII. Moreover, these effects were limited by FOXO3a knockdown. Finally, the mitophagy inducer everolimus (RAD001) attenuated the suppressive effect of FOXO3a knockdown on cardiac fibroblast activation.
CONCLUSIONS: FOXO3a promotes the progress of myocardial fibrosis by triggering mitophagy in cardiac fibroblasts.
Singing plays a critical role in enhancing musicality, sound discrimination, and attention, and proves advantageous for speech rehabilitation in children with hearing impairments. Computer-based training games are well-suited to the learning behaviors of children, with substantial evidence suggesting that music training augments speech training capabilities in this demographic. Despite this, there is a lack of detailed exploration into the design of interactive online music training interfaces tailored for these needs. This study investigates brain activation changes using two visual feedback singing games, analyzed through functional near-infrared spectroscopy: a serious game (SG) and an entertainment game (EG) with visually enhanced feedback. It also assesses the efficacy of home-based music training software for speech rehabilitation. Methods involved recording oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (Delta [HbO]) signals from the prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe in 21 children (average age: 9.3 ± 1.9 years) during two singing interface experiments. Subjects also completed the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) questionnaire post-experiment. Main results showed that brain regions, particularly the temporal lobe, exhibited stronger and more pronounced activation signals with the SG interface compared to the EG, suggesting that SG is more effective for speech system rehabilitation. The Intrinsic Motivation Scale results revealed higher acceptability for SG than for EG. This study provides insights into designing online speech rehabilitation products for children with hearing impairment, advocating for better interactive training methods from a neuroscience perspective.
Described herein is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-directed mutational analysis of tumor DNA obtained from melanoma tissue samples. The GPCR gene glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3 (GRM3) was identified as the most highly mutated GPCR gene in this screen. Functional characterization of GRM3 mutants revealed that these mutants promote activation of MEK, anchorage-independent cell growth and metastasis. Thus, provided herein are methods of diagnosing a subject as having melanoma, or susceptible to developing melanoma, by detecting the presence of at least one mutation in GRM3. Also provided are methods of treating a subject with melanoma by detecting the presence of at least one mutation in GRM3 and administering an appropriate therapy. Further provided are methods of selecting a subject diagnosed with melanoma as a candidate for treatment with a GRM3 inhibitor, an MEK inhibitor, or both, by detecting the presence of at least one mutation in GRM3.
Studies evaluating intraperitoneal local anesthetic (LA) instillation for pain relief after laparoscopic surgery have provided conflicting results. One of the factors that might contribute to failure of the instillation technique may be related to inadequate distribution of local anesthetic throughout the peritoneal surface. In contrast, nebulization should provide a uniform spread of drugs throughout the peritoneal cavity and thus may be beneficial to improve pain relief after laparoscopic procedures. The investigators reported that a microvibration-based nebulization device (Aeroneb Pro® system, Aerogen, Galway, Ireland) could be used for ropivacaine delivery into the insufflation gas required to create pneumorpeitoneum. The investigators hypothesized that intraperitoneal ropivacaine nebulization would provide superior pain relief than ropivacaine instillation after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. This randomized, double blind, controlled clinical trial was designed to assess the analgesic efficacy of ropivacaine nebulization before or after surgery compared with intraperitoneal ropivacaine instillation and placebo after gynecologic laparoscopic procedures.
Patients will be provided with an ion-laden cold atmospheric plasma administration equipment from the company Fulgur Vitae Model 9000, they will also be given the necessary indications for the use of the equipment, which they must use for 5 minutes three consecutive times a day, every 6 hours, for two weeks. They will also be provided with an atmospheric oxygen meter, with the indication to keep the ppb below 0.07.
Patients were confirmed to be diagnosed with primary aldosteronism (PA) in accordance with the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline criteria. Antihypertensive drugs that may affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) were discontinued for at least 2-4 weeks. Patients with an aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) \> 3.7 (ng/dL) further underwent one of the following confirmatory tests: saline infusion test (infusion of 2 L isotonic saline within 4 h) or captopril-inhibition test (oral administration of 50 mg captopril). Adrenal CT scan and adrenal vein sampling (AVS) were performed for PA subtype classification. Patients with IHA were determined based on the absence of obvious adenoma on adrenal CT and bilateral aldosterone overproduction.
Severe weight gain and glucose dysregulation are serious problems in patients treated with second-generation ('atypical') antipsychotics (SGA). These side effects frequently interfere with medication compliance and necessitate discontinuation of treatment. Although the causal mechanisms for weight and glucose dysregulation are not well understood, one promising area of investigation targets SGA-induced disturbances in appetite and in appetite-regulating hormones. Findings from our group (and others) demonstrate SGA treatment-related increases in fasting levels of the appetite-stimulating hormone, ghrelin, as well as increases in self-report hunger. This novel study will examine prospective changes in ghrelin and in the 'satiety-signaling' peptide YY (PYY) as measured before and after participants consume a standard mixed-macronutrient meal. Data are obtained at baseline (within 4 weeks of beginning medication), and again 2 months and 4 months later.
NEW MATERIAL:A compound shown by the formula I (R<1> is H, or 1-10C alkyl; R<2> is substituted or unsubstituted 1-1-C alkyl, or unsubstituted 5-6C cycloalkyl; n is 1 or 2). EXAMPLE:Sulfoxide of 5-thiaprostaglandin E1. USE:An inhibitor of blood platelet aggregation and vasodilator. PREPARATION:A compound shown by the formula II is reacted with an oxidizing agent, and, if necessary, hydrolyzed to give a compound shown by the formula I . For example, a peracid such as hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, perbenzoic acid, etc. is used as the oxidizing agent in the case of preparation of sulfoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide and tungsten or vanadium catalyst, etc. are preferably used in the case of preparation of sulfone. The reaction is carried out at -78-50 deg.C, preferably at -20-30 deg.C usually for 30min-48hr.
BACKGROUND: Compared with patients without evidence of psychiatric symptoms, those with mental disorders experience reduced adherence with recommended healthcare and poorer clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate whether the worse prognosis of patients with mental disorders after experiencing acute myocardial infarction could be fully or partially mediated by their reduced adherence to recommended healthcare.
METHODS: In this retrospective cohort population-based study, 103 389 residents in the Italian Lombardy Region who experienced acute myocardial infarction in 2007-19 were identified. Among them, 1549 patients with severe mental illness (SMI) were matched with five cohort members without evidence of mental disorders (references). Recommended healthcare (cardiac medicaments and selected outpatient services) was evaluated in the year after the date of index hospital discharge. The first occurrences of cardiovascular (CV) hospital admissions and any-cause-death were considered as endpoints. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate whether post-discharge use of recommended healthcare may be considered a mediator of the relationship between healthcare exposure and endpoints occurrence.
RESULTS: Compared with references, patients with SMI had lower adherence with recommended healthcare and adjusted risk excesses of 39% and 73% for CV hospitalizations and all-cause mortality. Mediation analysis showed that 4.1% and 11.3% of, respectively, CV hospitalizations and deaths occurred among psychiatric patients was mediated by their worse adherence to specific healthcare.
CONCLUSION: The reduced use of recommended outpatient healthcare by patients with SMI had only a marginal effect on their worse prognosis. Other key factors mediating the prognostic gap between patients with and without mental disorders should be investigated.
BACKGROUND: Cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma (CCA) was a colon cancer subtype defined in the 2009 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. In the 2018 classification, it was a colon cancer subtype included in the adenocarcinoma, Not otherwise specified (NOS) group. A few studies have reported that colon cancers with a cribriform pattern have worse overall survival, and most of them are microsatellite stable (MSS). In this study, we evaluated CCAs based on their clinicopathologic features and microsatellite stability. We aimed to answer whether these tumors could be defined as a distinct morphologic subtype with prognostic significance.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pathology reports and specimens from 449 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRA) were re-evaluated. All subtypes were determined. To evaluate MSS status, the CCA cases were immunohistochemically stained with anti-MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 antibodies.
RESULTS: CCA was present in 40.5% of cases. These cases were found to have higher rates of lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular-perineural invasion, metastasis, and advanced stage ( P < 0.05). Also, 2.7% of CCA cases were microsatellite instable (MSI). However, no statistically significant result was found regarding overall survival and progression-free survival of CCA cases with MSI.
CONCLUSION: According to the findings, CRAs with comedo cribriform patterns are tumors with more aggressive features. It can be said that these tumors have a specific molecular feature related to MSS. Because this feature is important for planning adjuvant chemotherapy, it may be useful to identify cases, particularly with a cribriform comedo pattern >90%. However, because no significant difference in survival rates was found, CCAs may not need to be defined as distinct subtypes.