anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Digoxin is primarily excreted by the kidneys; therefore, patients with impaired renal function require smaller than usual maintenance doses of digoxin (see ). Because of the prolonged elimination half-life, a longer period of time is required to achieve an initial or new steady-state serum concentration in patients with renal impairment than in patients with normal renal function. If appropriate care is not taken to reduce the dose of digoxin, such patients are at high risk for toxicity, and toxic effects will last longer in such patients than in patients with normal renal function. Use in Patients with Impaired Renal Function:DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

In patients with hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia, toxicity may occur despite serum digoxin concentrations below 2.0 ng/mL, because potassium or magnesium depletion sensitizes the myocardium to digoxin. Therefore, it is desirable to maintain normal serum potassium and magnesium concentrations in patients being treated with digoxin. Deficiencies of these electrolytes may result from malnutrition, diarrhea, or prolonged vomiting, as well as the use of the following drugs or procedures: diuretics,amphotericin B, corticosteroids, antacids, dialysis, and mechanical suction of gastrointestinal secretions. Use in Patients with Electrolyte Disorders:

Hypercalcemia from any cause predisposes the patient to digitalis toxicity. Calcium, particularly when administered rapidly by the intravenous route, may produce serious arrhythmias in digitalized patients. On the other hand, hypocalcemia can nullify the effects of digoxin in humans; thus, digoxin may be ineffective until serum calcium is restored to normal. These interactions are related to the fact that digoxin affects contractility and excitability of the heart in a manner similar to that of calcium.

Hypothyroidism may reduce the requirements for digoxin. Heart failure and/or atrial arrhythmias resulting from hypermetabolic or hyperdynamic states (e.g., hyperthyroidism, hypoxia, or arteriovenous shunt) are best treated by addressing the underlying condition. Atrial arrhythmias associated with hypermetabolic states are particularly resistant to digoxin treatment. Care must be taken to avoid toxicity if digoxin is used. Use in Thyroid Disorders and Hypermetabolic States:

Digoxin should be used with caution in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The use of inotropic drugs in some patients in this setting may result in undesirable increases in myocardial oxygen demand and ischemia. Use in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction:

It may be desirable to reduce the dose of digoxin for 1 to 2 days prior to electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation to avoid the induction of ventricular arrhythmias, but physicians must consider the consequences of increasing the ventricular response if digoxin is withdrawn. If digitalis toxicity is suspected, elective cardioversion should be delayed. If it is not prudent to delay cardioversion, the lowest possible energy level should be selected to avoid provoking ventricular arrhythmias. Use During Electrical Cardioversion:
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) will be given at the dose of 500 mg/day. Physical activity and healthy eating habits will be encouraged.
BACKGROUND: Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) comprise a heterogeneous group of mainly chronic lung diseases with more than 200 entities and relevant differences in disease course and prognosis. Little data is available on hospitalisation patterns in ILD.
METHODS: The EXCITING-ILD (Exploring Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Interstitial Lung Diseases) registry was analysed for hospitalisations. Reasons for hospitalisation were classified as all cause, ILD-related and respiratory hospitalisations, and patients were analysed for frequency of hospitalisations, time to first non-elective hospitalisation, mortality and progression-free survival. Additionally, the risk for hospitalisation according to GAP index and ILD subtype was calculated by Cox proportional-hazard models as well as influencing factors on prediction of hospitalisation by logistic regression with forward selection.
RESULTS: In total, 601 patients were included. 1210 hospitalisations were recorded during the 6 months prior to registry inclusion until the last study visit. 800 (66.1%) were ILD-related, 59.3% of admissions were registered in the first year after inclusion. Mortality was associated with all cause, ILD-related and respiratory-related hospitalisation. Risk factors for hospitalisation were advanced disease (GAP Index stages II and III) and CTD (connective tissue disease)-ILDs. All cause hospitalisations were associated with pulmonary hypertension (OR 2.53, p = 0.005). ILD-related hospitalisations were associated with unclassifiable ILD and concomitant emphysema (OR = 2.133, p = 0.001) as well as with other granulomatous ILDs and a positive smoking status (OR = 3.082, p = 0.005).
CONCLUSION: Our results represent a crucial contribution in understanding predisposing factors for hospitalisation in ILD and its major impact on mortality. Further studies to characterize the most vulnerable patient group as well as approaches to prevent hospitalisations are warranted.
Elimination of digoxin follows first-order kinetics (that is, the quantity of digoxin eliminated at any time is proportional to the total body content). Following intravenous administration to healthy volunteers, 50% to 70% of a digoxin dose is excreted unchanged in the urine. Renal excretion of digoxin is proportional to glomerular filtration rate and is largely independent of urine flow. In healthy volunteers with normal renal function, digoxin has a half-life of 1.5 to 2.0 days. The half-life in anuric patients is prolonged to 3.5 to 5 days. Digoxin is not effectively removed from the body by dialysis, exchange transfusion, or during cardiopulmonary bypass because most of the drug is bound to tissue and does not circulate in the blood.
About 50 million major surgeries are performed annually in the United States. Longer duration surgeries increase metabolic demand and impose a greater risk of infections and worse outcomes than shorter duration surgeries. The release of hormones and catecholamines from surgery dampens the body's response to insulin which leads to acute insulin resistance. Even though the insulin resistance eventually resolves within weeks of surgery, metabolic stress during that window of time makes patients susceptible to infection and tissue catabolism. Therefore, there is a critical need to improve perioperative management of high-risk patients to decrease complications associated with major surgery which remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients.

Up to 40% of patients undergoing major operations experience perioperative hyperglycemia (\>140 mg/dL). Perioperative hyperglycemia has been implicated in increasing risk of perioperative complications including surgical site infection, reoperation, and mortality. With 50 million surgeries performed each year, preoperative optimization is essential for favorable postsurgical outcomes. A long-held dogma of prolonged fasting prior to the administration of anesthesia has slowed the adoption of consumption of carbohydrate drinks before surgery despite data showing a lower surgical stress response and decreased insulin resistance along with improved patient satisfaction. Multidisciplinary consensus has been necessary to implement change. The Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Society has shifted practice to optimize multidisciplinary perioperative care and one main tenet includes preoperative carbohydrate loading. While the dose and type vary across institutions and practices, the American Society of Enhanced Recovery/Perioperative Quality Initiative joint consensus statement and the American Society of Anesthesiologists recommend consumption of a preoperative beverage containing ≥50 g of carbohydrate (CHO) for surgical patients 2-3 hours prior to surgery. Despite this recommendation, the practice of preoperative oral intake has still lagged with only 20% adherence in surgical care pathways.
FIELD: biotechnology, medicine, biochemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to enzyme chondroitinase used in chemical-pharmaceutical industry, highly purified chondroitinase and the method of enzyme preparing and pharmaceutical compositions containing this enzyme. Invention relates to enzyme chondroitinase ABC from Proteus vulgaris cells, its molecular mass is 100 000 Da, isoelectric point is 8.3-8.5, enzyme has alanine as N-terminal amino acid and proline as C-terminal amino acid. Method of preparing involves extraction of cells of indicated microorganism, removal of nucleic acids and chromatography using strong and weak cation-exchange resins. Purified enzyme chondroitinase ABC is needle-like and prismatic crystals of the definite crystalline lattice. Pharmaceutical compositions has the purified enzyme in combination with additionally added nonionic surface-active substance and stabilizing agents. EFFECT: increased purity degree and stability of enzyme preparation. 20 cl, 20 tbl, 12 dwg, 14 ex
The invention discloses a Chinese medicinal decoction for treating toothache. The Chinese medicinal decoction is prepared from the following bulk pharmaceuticals in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of coptis root, 25-35 parts of realgar, 7-12 parts of baikal skullcap root, 10-20 parts of clematis root, 10-15 parts of Chinese angelica, 10-15 parts of common anemarrhena, 7-13 parts of skunk bugbane, 15-25 parts of honeysuckle flower, 6-12 parts of medicinal cyathula root, 10-20 parts of paniculate swallowwort root, 3-8 parts of astragalus, 6-12 parts of dahurian angelica root, 6-12 parts of Chinese ligusticum rhizome and 6-12 parts of fried great burdock achene. The Chinese medicinal decoction disclosed by the invention can be used for treating toothache caused by oulonitis, root apex periarthritis, parodontopathy and the like. The Chinese medicinal decoction is taken orally twice every day, every time for about 10ml. One treatment course lasts for seven days; after one treatment course, pain is generally relieved remarkably; and after two treatment courses, pain disappears basically, and red and swollen gums disappear and are cured. After curing, the Chinese medicinal decoction can be taken continually for 1-3 treatment courses for consolidating the curative effect.
Participants with a diagnosis of non-Central Nervous System (non-CNS) solid tumor who are between the ages of 4 and 6 years old and are 6 to 12 months post-completion of treatment. They will complete several standard questionnaires.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To generate a clean refined water without endotoxin.  <P>SOLUTION: An endotoxin removing means for removing the endotoxin in a supplied raw water is provided at an upstream from a reverse osmotic film unit, which refines the raw water in which the endotoxin is reduced by the endotoxin removing means to generate the refined water. Thus, a clean water not containing the endotoxin is produced from the water itself introduced into the film unit, and a dialysate liquid is manufactured by using the clean refined water not containing the endotoxin. The endotoxin removing means is provided at the stage of the upstream of the film unit. As compared with a constitution including endotoxin removing equipment at the stage of the dialysate liquid supplying unit of a prior art, a system constitution change of the dialysate liquid supplying unit is not required at all, and hence the dialysate liquid not contaminated with endotoxin can be simply and inexpensively generated.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Group E, Etofenamate spray 100 mg/ml (Flexo 100 mg/ml-Kocaeli) is applied to the painful area from a distance of approximately 10-15 cm in a maximum of 7 puffs. Each puff contains 18 mg etofenamate.
The invention discloses an externally applied embrocation for strengthening trace elements, in particular to an externally applied alcohol solution preparation which is prepared by fully utilizing natural animal and plant medicines in the natural world and snakes, bees, frogs and traditional Chinese medicine secret recipes which are rich in abundant and full trace elements, taking strengthened zinc, copper, iron, selenium, manganese, and the like as trace element strengthening agents and taking the traditional Chinese medicine proved recipes and the secret recipes as main factors, thereby changing the past externally applied embrocation which is prepared by chemicals, Chinese herbal medicines and hormones. The preparation uses the theory of element balance and health care medicine and seizes the trace elements with the immune function which is closely related to skin health to overcome and treat a variety of clinical skin disease and even refractory skin diseases. For example, the zinc and the iron participate in the regulation of human immune function, and the supplement of the zinc can increase T cells and improve the immunity. The supplement of the selenium can not only enhance the humoral immunity and significantly improve the antibody level, but also have the anti-cancer effect. The adequate amount of the manganese is the condition for generating normal antibodies. The copper has close relationship with connective tissue metabolism, melanin formation, blood making function and skin keratosis. The externally applied embrocation of the trace elements have sufficient amount of a variety of trace elements, and the skin can continuously absorb the trace elements by penetration by regular embrocation, thereby scientifically regulating, supplementing and agonizing the element balance in vivo and further preventing and treating a variety of skin diseases.
Test contact lens to be worn as a daily disposable soft (hydrophilic) contact lens, to be discarded daily. Individual new lens placed daily for a period of 90 consecutive days, bilaterally. Follow-up visits are 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after dispensing.
Variable subcutaneous insulin infusion rates will be used to regulate postprandial glucose levels. A pre-meal partial prandial bolus will be given 10 minutes before the meal. The partial bolus will be based on the estimated meal size (snack-regular-large-very large). Meal size will be defined as: snack as any meal less than 30g, regular meal as any meal between 30g and 60g CHO, large meal as any meal between 60g and 90g CHO, very large meal for anything above 90g CHO.
The present invention is directed to a combination therapy for the treatment of cancer and pathogen-associated diseases, that comprises the administration of: (1) a molecule (e.g., a diabody, an ScFv, an antibody, a TandAb, etc.) capable of binding PD-1 or a natural ligand of PD-1, and (2) a molecule (e.g., a diabody, a BiTe, a bispecific antibody, a CAR, etc.) capable of mediating the redirected killing of a target cell (e.g., a cancer cell or a pathogen-infected cell, etc.) expressing a Disease Antigen. The invention particularly concerns the embodiment in which the molecule capable of mediating the redirected killing of the target cell is a bispecific binding molecule that comprises a first epitope-binding site capable of immunospecifically binding an epitope of a cell surface molecule of an effector cell and a second epitope-binding site that is capable of immunospecifically binding an epitope of such target cells (i.e., a Disease Antigen such as a Cancer Antigen or a Pathogen-Associated Antigen). The present invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions that comprise such molecule(s).
BACKGROUND: Colitis is a refractory intestinal inflammatory disease significantly affecting the quality of a patient's life and increasing the risk of exacerbation. The primary factors leading to colitis encompass infections, insufficient blood flow, and the buildup of collagen as well as white blood cells. Among various available therapeutics, 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) has emerged as one of the protectants by inhibiting inflammatory damage. Nonetheless, there is no report on the role of 5-MTP in the treatment of colitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: To verify the anti-inflammatory effect of 5-MTP in vivo, we first constructed mouse model with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Furthermore, the macrophage infiltration and release of inflammatory factors through western blot (WB) and hematoxylin-eosin staining analyses were examined. Intestinal epithelial cell tight junction damage and apoptosis were investigated by WB analysis, immunofluorescence, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. Finally, we examined the generation of cellular inflammation and analyzed the influence of 5-MTP on M1 polarization at the cellular level.
RESULTS: This study initially confirmed that 5-MTP possessed an excellent therapeutic effect on colitis. 5-MTP inhibits macrophage infiltration and the generation of inflammatory factors. In addition to its effects on immune cells, 5-MTP significantly inhibits intestinal epithelial cell tight junction damage and apoptosis in vivo. Moreover, it inhibits inflammation and M1 polarization response in vitro.
CONCLUSION: 5-MTP counteracts excessive inflammation, thereby preventing intestinal epithelial tight junction damage. In addition, inhibition of apoptosis suggests that 5-MTP may be a potential therapeutic agent for colitis.
AIMS: Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have, to a substantial degree, replaced vitamin K antagonists (VKA) as treatments for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. However, evidence on the real-world causal effects of switching patients from VKA to DOAC is lacking. We aimed to assess the empirical incremental cost-effectiveness of switching patients to DOAC compared with maintaining VKA treatment.
METHODS: The target trial approach was applied to the prospective observational Swiss-AF cohort, which enrolled 2415 AF patients from 2014 to 2017. Clinical data, healthcare resource utilisation and EQ-5D-based utilities representing quality of life were collected in yearly follow-ups. Health insurance claims were available for 1024 patients (42.4%). Overall survival, quality-of-life, costs from the Swiss statutory health insurance perspective and cost-effectiveness were estimated by emulating a target trial in which patients were randomly assigned to switch to DOAC or maintain VKA treatment.
RESULTS: 228 patients switching from VKA to DOAC compared with 563 patients maintaining VKA treatment had no overall survival advantage over a 5-year observation period (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.45, 1.55). The estimated gain in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was 0.003 over the 5-year period at an incremental costs of CHF 23 033 (€ 20 940). The estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was CHF 425 852 (€ 387 138) per QALY gained.
CONCLUSIONS: Applying a causal inference method to real-world data, we could not demonstrate switching to DOACs to be cost-effective for AF patients with at least 1 year of VKA treatment. Our estimates align with results from a previous randomised trial.
The invention discloses an anti-TNF-alpha nano antibody and application thereof, wherein the nano antibody is TN-15, TN-24, TN-27, TN-28 and TN-70, and the amino acid sequences of the nano antibody are respectively shown in SEQ ID NO: 20. SEQ ID NO: 1. SEQ ID NO: 17. SEQ ID NO:5 and SEQ ID NO: shown at 16. The invention screens by utilizing phage display library to obtain the nano antibody capable of combining with TNF-alpha with high affinity. The nano-antibody of the anti-TNF-alpha obtained by screening of the invention binds to the TNF-alpha with high affinity, can be used for preparing medicines for treating TNF-alpha related diseases, and provides a new means for treating the diseases.
All subjects will be placed on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy during a full night sleep study or polysomnography (PSG). The subjects will spend 2 hours on sub-therapeutic CPAP 4 cmH2O of pressure and the remainder on there therapeutic pressure. Values reported on the device will be compared to scored values from manual scoring of the sleep study.
The present invention relates to one kind of stable silanized polymer emulsion and its preparation process and application. The emulsion includes silanized polymer, water, optional emulsifier and nanometer silica. During the preparation, nanometer silica is dispersed in silanized polymer homogeneously and directly without need of surface modification owing to its excellent compatibility with silanized polymer. The emulsion has solid content not higher than 85 % and particle size smaller than 3 microns, and is organic composition with low volatility and environment friendship. It may be stored at room temperature for over half a year. The emulsion may form elastomer after its water is evaporated, and the cross-linked polymer has nanometer silica enhanced mechanical strength. Before use, the emulsion is diluted with water for compounding paint, adhesive, sealing glue, printing ink, skin care product, etc.
OBJECTIVE: Optimal timing for subsequent defibrillation attempts for Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with recurrent VF/pVT is uncertain. We investigated the relationship between VF/pVT duration and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in OHCA patients with recurrent shockable rhythms.
METHODS: We analyzed data from the Salt Lake City Fire Department (SLCFD) spanning from 2012 to 2023. The implementation of rhythm-filtering technology since 2011 enabled real-time rhythm interpretation during CPR, with local protocols allowing early defibrillation for recurrent/refractory VF/pVT cases. We included patients experiencing four or five episodes of VF and pVT rhythms and employed generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression analysis to examine the association between VF/pVT durations preceding recurrent defibrillation and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).
RESULTS: Analysis of 622 appropriate shocks showed that patients achieving ROSC had significantly shorter median VF/pVT duration than those who did not achieve ROSC (0.83 minutes vs. 1.2 minutes, p = 0.004). Adjusted analysis of those with 4 VF/pVT episodes (N = 142) revealed that longer VF/pVT durations were associated with lower odds of achieving ROSC (odds ratio: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72-0.93, p = 0.005). Every one-minute delay in intra-arrest defibrillation is predicted to decrease the likelihood of achieving ROSC by 19%.
CONCLUSION: Every one-minute increase in intra-arrest VF/pVT duration was associated with a statistically significant 19% decrease in the chance of achieving ROSC. This highlights the importance of reducing time to shock in managing recurrent VF/pVT. The findings suggest reevaluating the current recommendations of two minutes intervals for rhythm check and shock delivery.
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the United States. Through early detection and improved local therapies a large number of men will be cured. The clinical needs include early detection, accurate initial staging and detection of local recurrence or metastases in order to permit application of the most appropriate therapy. Therapeutic monitoring and prognostic assessment are equally important. Imaging can play an important and crucial role in meeting these clinical needs.

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has gained an important role in the clinical management of cancer patients. 18F-DCFBC is a novel low molecular weight prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based radiopharmaceutical which is radiolabeled with a fluorine-18 positron emitter for PET imaging. Preclinical mouse prostate cancer tumor model imaging studies of 18F-DCFBC demonstrate high specific uptake in PSMA expressing prostate cancer cells. The investigators will assess the hypothesis that 18F-DCFBC, a new positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceutical may possess pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties that will represent an advance in imaging prostate cancer. This initial phase I study will determine the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and prostate specific tumor uptake in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.