anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: We aimed to clarify the existence and pathological features of obesity cardiomyopathy (OCM) in Japan using our series of autopsy cases.
METHODS: In this retrospective autopsy study, OCM was defined as cardiac hypertrophy (≥ 400 g in men, ≥ 320 g in women) of unknown aetiology in individuals with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2 according to the Japanese definition of obesity). We compared cases of OCM with those with obesity without cardiac hypertrophy (OB) and normal weight without cardiac hypertrophy (normal control). Macroscopically, heart weight and cardiac parameters, including epicardial adipose tissue, were measured. Fibrosis, cardiomyocyte diameter, and adipose tissue infiltration were analysed microscopically.
RESULTS: Of the 294 cases, we identified 19 cases of OCM (6.5%) and compared them with the OB and normal control groups. Patients with OCM were slightly younger than non-OCM patients (p = 0.081). The median heart weight was significantly heavier in OCM cases than in OB cases (435 g, interquartile range [IQR] 408-515 g vs. 360 g, IQR 341-385 g). Macroscopically, OCM hearts had a "globoid" appearance with a thickened right ventricular outflow tract. Some OCM cases showed focal interstitial fibrosis in the left ventricle. Approximately half the OCM cases were diagnosed with sudden cardiac death (SCD), with significant differences.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of OCM may be higher than expected in Japan, and this may be a specific pathological finding. Given that approximately half the cases of OCM were due to SCD, OCM may cause SCD, emphasizing the need to recognise and diagnose OCM.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and stereotyped behaviors. Although major advances in basic research on autism have been achieved in the past decade, and behavioral interventions can mitigate the difficulties that individuals with autism experience, little is known about the many fundamental issues of the interventions, and no specific medication has demonstrated efficiency for the core symptoms of ASD. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) is characterized by repeated exposure to lowered atmospheric pressure and oxygen levels, which triggers multiple physiological adaptations in the body. Here, using two mouse models of ASD, male Shank3B -/- and Fmr1 -/y mice, we found that IHH training at an altitude of 5,000 m for 4 h per day, for 14 consecutive days, ameliorated autistic-like behaviors. Moreover, IHH training enhanced hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1α in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and activated the DRN serotonergic neurons. Infusion of cobalt chloride into the DRN, to mimic IHH in increasing HIF1α expression or genetically knockdown PHD2 to upregulate HIF1α expression in the DRN serotonergic neurons, alleviated autistic-like behaviors in Shank3B -/- mice. In contrast, downregulation of HIF1α in DRN serotonergic neurons induced compulsive behaviors. Furthermore, upregulating HIF1α in DRN serotonergic neurons increased the firing rates of these neurons, whereas downregulation of HIF1α in DRN serotonergic neurons decreased their firing rates. These findings suggest that IHH activated DRN serotonergic neurons via upregulation of HIF1α, and thus ameliorated autistic-like phenotypes, providing a novel therapeutic option for ASD.
Complex sleep behaviors including sleep-walking, sleep-driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake may occur following the first or any subsequent use of LUNESTA. Patients can be seriously injured or injure others during complex sleep behaviors. Such injuries may result in a fatal outcome. Other complex sleep behaviors (e.g., preparing and eating food, making phone calls, or having sex) have also been reported. Patients usually do not remember these events. Post-marketing reports have shown that complex sleep behaviors may occur with LUNESTA alone at recommended dosages, with or without the concomitant use of alcohol or other CNS depressants [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Discontinue LUNESTA immediately if a patient experiences a complex sleep behavior.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hair dye not using a chemical dye but using natural vegetable dyes, to provide a hair dye kit, and to provide a hair-dyeing method.  <P>SOLUTION: This hair dye comprises an oxidizing agent, and Hena (a dye obtained from Lawsonia inermis) and/or Isatis tinctoria. The oxidizing agent, and the Hena and/or the Isatis tinctori are preferably received in separated containers, respectively. When used for dyeing hair, the agents are mixed with each other and then coated on the hair. Thereby, the hair can be dyed in desired color and concentration.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
PURPOSE:To obtain an immunomodulator comprising an essence of Ampelopsis brevipedunculta Trautv as a main component. CONSTITUTION:This immunomodulator contains 0.1-99wt.% of a substance obtained by oozing or extracting the whole of fruits, leaves, stems and roots of Ampelopsis brevipedunculta Trautv, a perennial plant of Vitaceae with an arbitrary solvent as an active ingredient. The essence of Ampelopsis brevipedunculta Trautv is obtained by immersing Ampelopsis brevipedunculta Trautv in a solvent (e.g. ethanol) at normal temperature for one week to one year. The essence of Ampelopsis brevipedunculta Trautv is a yellow-green slightly viscous liquid, contains a glucide, a peptide and an organic acid and is useful for preventing and treating various cancers and autoimmune diseases caused by incomplete immunoregulation such as insulin dependent type diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. The essence can be pharmaceutically manufactured into a dosage form such as oral, intrarectal, local or parenteral form and a dose is 0.1-1g/kg daily.
DULERA should not be initiated in patients during rapidly deteriorating or potentially life-threatening episodes of asthma. DULERA has not been studied in patients with acutely deteriorating asthma. The initiation of DULERA in this setting is not appropriate.

Increasing use of inhaled, short-acting beta2-agonists is a marker of deteriorating asthma. In this situation, the patient requires immediate re-evaluation with reassessment of the treatment regimen, giving special consideration to the possible need for replacing the current strength of DULERA with a higher strength, adding additional inhaled corticosteroid, or initiating systemic corticosteroids. Patients should not use more than 2 inhalations twice daily (morning and evening) of DULERA.

DULERA is not indicated for the relief of acute symptoms, i.e., as rescue therapy for the treatment of acute episodes of bronchospasm. An inhaled, short-acting beta2-agonist, not DULERA, should be used to relieve acute symptoms such as shortness of breath. 

When beginning treatment with DULERA, patients who have been taking oral or inhaled, short-acting beta2-agonists on a regular basis (e.g., 4 times a day) should be instructed to discontinue the regular use of these drugs.
This study presents the mineralogy and strontium isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr) of 21 pathological biominerals (bladder and kidney stones) collected from patients admitted between 2018 and 2020 at the Department of Urology of the San Pio Hospital (Benevento, southern Italy). Urinary stones belong to the calcium oxalate, purine or calcium phosphate mineralogy types. Their corresponding 87Sr/86Sr range from 0.707607 for an uricite sample to 0.709970 for a weddellite one, and seem to be partly discriminated based on the mineralogy. The comparison with the isotope characteristics of 38 representative Italian bottled and tap drinking waters show a general overlap in 87Sr/86Sr with the biominerals. However, on a smaller geographic area (Campania Region), we observe small 87Sr/86Sr differences between the biominerals and local waters. This may be explained by external Sr inputs for example from agriculture practices, inhaled aerosols (i.e., particulate matter), animal manure and sewage, non-regional foods. Nevertheless, biominerals of patients that stated to drink and eat local water/wines and foods every day exhibited a narrower 87Sr/86Sr range roughly matching the typical isotope ratios of local geological materials and waters, as well as those of archaeological biominerals from the same area. Finally, we conclude that the strontium isotope signature of urinary stones may reflect that of the environmental matrices surrounding patients, but future investigations are recommended to ultimately establish the potential for pathological biominerals as reliable biomonitoring proxies, taking into the account the contribution of the external sources of Sr.
Patients randomized to arm B will receive TAS102 35mg/m2 p.o. twice daily (BID) d1-5 and 8-12, q4w until progression, intolerance or completion of 6 cycles.
A sterile preparation of synthetic erythrocytes consisting of hemoglobin fraction encapsulated within water-immiscible amphiphylic membranes provides a total hemoglobin of at least about 12 gm percent at a hematocrit of 50%. A lipid composition is prepared and dispersed by agitation in a sterile, stroma-free 30-45 gram percent hemoglobin fraction. The dispersion is pressurized to between about 400 to about 900 kg/cm2, and the pressure is substantially instantaneously released by passing the mixture to a lower pressure region through an orifice having an area of between about 0.1 and about 10.0 mm2, thereby forming the synthetic erythrocytes. The preparation is filtered through a filter which passes particles having a diameter less than about 0.22 micron to eliminate any monocellular organisms that may be present and to eliminate larger synthetic erythrocytes. The synthetic erythrocyte preparation, if dried under vacuum to remove the major portion of the water from the encapsulated hemoglobin fraction, substantially transforms the erythrocytes but retains the integrity of the encapsulating lipid composition membranes. In the dried form, the sterile erythrocytes are storable for extended periods.
BACKGROUND: Hemorrhage management is crucial for surgical resection of pediatric posterior-fossa tumors (PPFTs). Tumor volume and vascularity on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help predict and control intraoperative blood loss (IBL). The present study aimed to assess the correlation between MRI features and IBL in PPFTs.
METHODS: Eleven patients treated for PPFTs at our hospital using the transcerebellomedullary fissure approach were enrolled, including five (45.5%) males and six (54.5%) females, with a median age of 10 (range, 4-16) years. Nine patients with medulloblastoma, one with ependymoma, and one with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor were included. Using susceptibility-weighted imaging-based intratumoral susceptibility signal (ITSS) grade as an index of tumor vascularity, we performed univariate analysis of the association of degree of vascularity (ITSS grade 0-2 vs. 3) and multivariate analysis of IBL.
RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that the high vascularity group (ITSS grade 3) had significantly larger tumor volume (p = 0.009) and higher IBL (p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis of age, tumor volume, ITSS grade, cerebral blood volume, and extent of resection, tumor volume was the only significant factor (p = 0.001); however, ITSS grade was also positively associated with IBL (p = 0.074).
CONCLUSION: In this study, tumor volume and vascularity of PPFTs were strongly correlated, and tumor volume was the sole factor significantly associated with IBL. This study suggests that ITSS grade and tumor volume collaboratively influence IBL in surgical resection of PPFTs. IBL should be assessed based on MRI features, and suitable treatment strategies should be established.
BACKGROUND: ME/CFS (Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome) is an illness that is predominantly viewed as a neuroimmunological multisystem disease, which is still unknown to many doctors in Germany or which they classify as a psychosomatic disease. From their perspective, ME/CFS patients report significant deficits in terms of medical treatment and a doctor-patient relationship (DP relationship) that is perceived as problematic. The aim of the present study is to more precisely analyse the process of finding a diagnosis as an influencing factor on the DP relationship in ME/CFS from the point of view of those affected.
METHOD: As part of an explorative qualitative survey, 544 ME/CFS patients (> 20 years; 455 ♀, 89 ♂) with a medical diagnosis of ME/CFS were asked in writing about their experiences with regard to the process of finding a diagnosis. The sampling was previously done by self-activation and via the snowball principle. The questionnaire to be answered was structured analogously to a focused, standardized guideline interview. The evaluation was carried out as part of a qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. Some of the results were subsequently quantified.
RESULTS: The participants described what they saw as the inadequate process of making a diagnosis as a central factor in a problematic DP relationship in ME/CFS. From their point of view, many doctors deny the existence of ME/CFS or classify it as a solely psychosomatic illness, insist on their level of knowledge, ignore patient knowledge and disregard scientific information provided. They follow the standard program, think in "pigeonholes" and are incapable of systemic thinking. This has a significant impact on the DP relationship.
DISCUSSION: From the point of view of ME/CFS patients, the process of making a diagnosis and the recognition of ME/CFS as a neuroimmunological multisystem disease are the central aspects of a DP relationship that they experience as problematic. In the past, findings classified as "subjective" and thus ignored, the pigeonholing that is characteristic of biomedically oriented medicine and a healthcare system that opposes systemic thinking when making a diagnosis have all been identified as factors that may have a significant impact on the DP relationship.
Bariatric surgery has been proven to be a successful intervention for managing obesity. There are numerous studies in the literature aiming to predict the factors influencing the success of bariatric surgery. Our study aims to determine whether preoperative 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (1 mg-DST) serum cortisol levels can serve as predictors of the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in severe obese patients without Cushing syndrome. A total of 98 patients who underwent bariatric surgery were included in the study. The preoperative 1 mg-DST levels, insulin levels, thyroid function tests, and lipid profiles of the patients were recorded. The patients' preoperative, postoperative 3rd, and 6th month weights were recorded and the percent total weight loss (%TWL) is calculated. Patients were categorized into 2 groups based on their TWL at 6 months. The 1 mg-DST results were significantly lower in the high-TWL-6 group (0.93 ± 0.37 μg/dL) compared to the low-TWL-6 group (1.09 ± 0.36 μg/dL, P = .040). Similarly, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance values were lower in the high-TWL-6 group (5.63 ± 2.21) compared to the low-TWL-6 group (6.63 ± 2.55, P = .047). The optimal cutoff value found for 1 mg-DST level was 0.97 µg/dL, providing 50% sensitivity and 70% specificity. This study is the first to examine the predictive role of suppressed 1 mg-DST levels on postoperative weight loss in nondiabetic patients. The most prominent result of this study was that we observed a negative correlation between 1 mg-DST levels and %TWL.
The is a phase 2b, single-center, randomized, observer-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled trial of the immunogenicity and safety of adjTIV and seasonal TIV among healthy children aged 6 months through 71 months in the town of Niakhar, Senegal. A total of 300 healthy children will be randomized in a 2:2:1 ratio of adjTIV to TIV to placebo. Each child will receive two doses of one of the three study vaccines, with each dose given 28 days apart. Each child will be followed closely for safety after each dose for the period from one month post-dose two to 3 months post-dose two. For determination of immune response to vaccination or background influenza infection, 3 mL of blood will be obtained at three time points: pre-vaccination, 28 days post-dose one (prior to receipt of dose two), and at 28 days post-dose two. Serum anti-influenza antibodies produced against virus strains contained in the vaccine will be detected using hemagglutination inhibition assay.
To provide a novel fat absorption inhibitor.SOLUTION: The present invention is a fat absorption inhibitor comprising finely pulverized product of defatted sesame or a processed product thereof. Further, the present invention is a fat absorption inhibitor comprising defatted sesame having a 50% particle diameter of 1 to 200 μm as measured by a laser diffraction light scattering method and a compression degree of 30 to 80%. The fat absorption preferably has a lipase inhibitory ability. The present invention is a food product comprising the fat absorption inhibitor. The present invention is defatted sesame having a 50% particle diameter of 1 to 200 μm as measured by a laser diffraction light scattering method and a compression degree of 30 to 80%. The present invention is a method for inhibiting obesity of a human being or an animal comprising feeding the fat absorption inhibitor, the food product, or the defatted sesame to a human being or an animal.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Subjects receive 1 mcg/kg IV fentanyl over 5 minutes. After first dose administration, subjects are evaluated every 10 minutes. Residual or recurring pain is treated as needed with adjunctive open-label bolus dosing of IV fentanyl (1 mcg/kg) followed by repeat boluses as needed every 10 minutes during the flight. For this open-label portion of the flight, flight nurses will query participants regarding their desire for additional pain medication every 10 minutes unless an earlier, spontaneous request is made by the participant or the provider determines that more is needed. Vital signs are measured continuously throughout the protocol. Blood pressure is measured at 5 minute intervals.
NFA arm participants will receive introduction to CGM from a diabetes care provider with emphasis placed on using the CGM data to adjust food choices. The NFA will encourage food choices that align with evidence-based nutrition recommendations for People with Diabetes (PWD), and that achieve internationally recognized glucose targets (e.g. glucose 70-180 mg/dL, and Time In Range \> 70%).
ColdZyme® mouth spray. Treatment (6 doses per day) will be applied for 11 days from the day of inoculation.
Methotrexate is indicated in the treatment of gestational choriocarcinoma, chorioadenoma destruens and hydatidiform mole.

In acute lymphocytic leukemia, methotrexate is indicated in the prophylaxis of meningeal leukemia and is used in maintenance therapy in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Methotrexate is also indicated in the treatment of meningeal leukemia.

Methotrexate is used alone or in combination with other anticancer agents in the treatment of breast cancer, epidermoid cancers of the head and neck, advanced mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma), and lung cancer, particularly squamous cell and small cell types. Methotrexate is also used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of advanced stage non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas.

Methotrexate in high doses followed by leucovorin rescue in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents is effective in prolonging relapse-free survival in patients with non-metastatic osteosarcoma who have undergone surgical resection or amputation for the primary tumor.
CASE: A 15-year-old girl known with osteogenesis imperfecta presented with left femoral pain. She had been treated with multiple Fassier-Duval intramedullary nails, which were still in situ. Radiographic imaging demonstrated focal osteolysis and periosteal reaction at the telescopic junction of the rod in the distal femur. She underwent implant removal. Intraoperative sampling demonstrating acute sterile inflammation and presence of brownish colored particles consistent with metal debris and osteolysis. Explant analysis confirmed corrosion of the stainless-steel telescopic nail as the underlying cause.
CONCLUSION: Osteolysis and periosteal reaction because of corrosion should be considered in conjunction with other more common causes of pain, such as fracture or infection, in patients treated with telescopic intramedullary nails.
The invention discloses a cold medication capsule and a preparation method thereof. The cold medication capsule comprises main materials and accessory materials. The main materials comprise pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine maleate and the accessory materials comprise starch, cane sugar, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, an ethyl cellulose polymer, an opadry yellow dry spraying material and an opadry pink dry spraying material. The preparation method comprises 1, main and accessory raw material weighing, 2, raw material coarse screening, 3, crushing, 4, fine screening, 5, blending, 6, filler preparation, 7, capsule filling, 8, disinfection and 9, packaging. The preparation method has simple processes and can be operated easily. The cold medication capsule is filled with drug pellets and has a fast drug release rate, good stability and high drug effects.
This systematic review evaluated the current status of AI-assisted colonoscopy to identify histologic remission and predict the clinical outcomes of patients with ulcerative colitis. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has increased substantially across several medical fields, including gastrointestinal endoscopy. Evidence suggests that it may be helpful to predict histologic remission and relapse, which would be beneficial because current histological diagnosis is limited by the inconvenience of obtaining biopsies and the high cost and time-intensiveness of pathological diagnosis. MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for studies published between January 1, 2000, and October 31, 2023. Nine studies fulfilled the selection criteria and were included; five evaluated the prediction of histologic remission, two assessed the prediction of clinical outcomes, and two evaluated both. Seven were prospective observational or cohort studies, while two were retrospective observational studies. No randomized controlled trials were identified. AI-assisted colonoscopy demonstrated sensitivity between 65 %-98 % and specificity values of 80 %-97 % for identifying histologic remission. Furthermore, it was able to predict future relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis. However, several challenges and barriers still exist to its routine clinical application, which should be overcome before the true potential of AI-assisted colonoscopy can be fully realized.