anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Hydromorphone is an opioid agonist of the morphine-type. Such drugs are sought by drug abusers and people with addiction disorders and are subject to criminal diversion.

Hydromorphone hydrochloride tablets can be abused in a manner similar to other opioid agonists, legal or illicit. This should be considered when prescribing or dispensing hydromorphone hydrochloride tablets in situations where the physician or pharmacist is concerned about an increased risk of misuse, abuse, or diversion. Prescribers should monitor all patients receiving opioids for signs of abuse, misuse, and addiction. Furthermore, patients should be assessed for their potential for opioid abuse prior to being prescribed opioid therapy. Persons at increased risk for opioid abuse include those with a personal or family history of substance abuse (including drug or alcohol abuse) or mental illness (e.g., depression). Opioids may still be appropriate for use in these patients, however, they will require intensive monitoring for signs of abuse.

Hydromorphone hydrochloride tablets have been reported as being abused by crushing, chewing, snorting, or injecting the dissolved product. These practices pose a significant risk to the abuser that could result in overdose or death (see WARNINGS and DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE).

Concerns about abuse, addiction, and diversion should not prevent the proper management of pain.

Healthcare professionals should contact their State Professional Licensing Board or State Controlled Substances Authority for information on how to prevent and detect abuse or diversion of this product.
This study will help the investigators to learn whether acupuncture, which is a non-opioid alternative pain management approach, can help to manage pain in patients with sickle cell disease and the underlying mechanisms. Acupuncture involves inserting very fine needles through the skin at specific points on the body to different depths. Acupuncture may help relieve pain and it is used for a wide range of pain conditions. Participation in this study will include 14 study visits over around 6-8 weeks and 12 months follow-up visits. This is a randomized study, which means subjects are randomly assigned to one of two groups. During the study visits: 1) Subjects will be randomized to 10 sessions with either traditional acupuncture (very fine acupuncture needles will be inserted into the skin) or laser acupuncture without needles (a laser acupuncture device will be used and there will be no physical contact between the device and subject's skin) and each session will last for 30 minutes, 2) Subjects will answer questions about their personal and health related information for assessing health condition during the in-person and follow-up study visits, 3) Investigators will perform quantitative sensory testing (QST) before and after the acupuncture sessions on the surface of selected testing areas in subjects to assess the somatosensory functionality, 4) Investigators will record brain signals before and after acupuncture sessions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-an imaging tool to analyze brain structural and functional features and metabolites profile, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-an imaging tool to examine the brin hemodynamic activity, and electroencephalography (EEG) -an imaging tool used to detect the brain electrical activity, 5) Subjects will receive evoked pain stimuli on the left gastrocnemius muscle during MRI, fNIRS and EEG, 6) Female subjects will take a urine pregnancy test during the screening visit as well as before each behavioral and MRI visit, 7) Investigators will collect an inner eyelid image collection for examining the hemoglobin level and 8) subjects will have two blood draws before and after the entire acupuncture sessions for regular blood examination and circulating biomarkers' analyses. Some details regarding the interventions are purposefully omitted at this time to preserve scientific integrity. They will be included after the trial is complete.
The incidence of immune thrombocytopenia increases with older age. About 20% of patients who develop immune thrombocytopenia are exposed to low-dose aspirin for arterial thrombosis prophylaxis. Moreover, immune thrombocytopenia patients have an increased risk for developing arterial thrombosis as compared with matched controls from the general population. Because ITP patients have an increased turn-over of platelets and aspirin is an irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1, aspirin taken once daily may be insufficient to provide stable inhibition of platelet function. This has been demonstrated in myeloproliferative neoplasms with a higher platelet turn-over as well; aspirin is given twice daily to these patients. In immune thrombocytopenia, epidemiological findings sustain this assumption because aspirin is not associated to an increased risk of bleeding. The primary aim of this study is to assess the residual platelet function after 75 mg aspirin intake (H24). Secondary objectives are to assess the kinetics of platelet function after daily 75 mg aspirin intake and the relation with arterial thrombosis.
A patch may include at least one polymer matrix having a surface intended to be placed in contact with the skin. The surface may be one of adhesive and configured to become adhesive. The polymer matrix may include at least one active substance effective for acting on the skin. The at least one active substance may include a solid active substance. The polymer matrix may be anhydrous. The patch may include a plurality of magnetic particles in the polymer matrix. The plurality of magnetic particles may be permanently oriented over at least a portion of the patch. The method to produce it is also been disclosed.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Urolithiasis is one of the oldest and most widespread urological diseases suffered globally. In the long history of Traditional Chinese Medicine, there're numerous herbs documented with strangury-relieving properties playing crucial roles in treating various urological disorders, including dysuria, hematuria, and renal colic, etc., which may be caused by urolithiasis. Exploring these herbs may reveal safer, more effective, and cost-efficient drugs and therapies for urolithiasis.
AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aims to assess the anti-urolithiasis efficacy and safety of 46 Chinese traditional and folk herbal drugs using the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) kidney stone model, in order to identify the most valuable ethnomedicinal materials.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Water extract and 50% ethanol extract of each herb were prepared respectively. 0.2% (w/w) sodium oxalate was chosen as appropriate lithogenic agent through fruit fly life span study. Male fruit-flies within three days of emergence were aged for an additional three days, then were randomly divided into experimental groups, model group and control groups (n = 20). The flies in blank control group, model group and positive control group were fed with standard food, standard food containing 0.2% sodium oxalate, standard food containing 0.2% sodium oxalate and 3% (w/w) Garcinia cambogia extract, respectively. Meanwhile, flies in the experimental groups were raised on standard food containing 0.2% sodium oxalate and 3% (w/w) herbal extract. The anti-urolithiasis capability of the extracts was evaluated using stone area ratio (the stone area divided by the area of the Malpighian tubule) and stone-clearing rate. Additionally, the 7-day mortality rate was employed as an indicator of safety.
RESULTS: Out of the 46 herbs, 24 exhibited significant anti-urolithiasis effects in their water extracts. Among them, Herba Nephrolepidis, Herba Humuli, Herba Desmodii Styracifolii, Cortex Plumeriae Rubrae, and Herba Mimosae Pudicae showed us a low 7-day mortality rate of fruit-flies as well. However, only a limited number of herbal extracts (8 out of 46) showed obvious anti-urolithiasis activity in their 50% ethanol extracts.
CONCLUSION: Highly potential anti-urolithiasis candidates were discovered from strangury-relieving herbs recorded in classical Traditional Chinese Medicine works, highlighting the significant value of traditional and folk ethnopharmacological knowledge.
Previous studies indicated per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were related to uric acid and hyperuricemia risk, but evidence for the exposure-response (E-R) curves and combined effect of PFAS mixture is limited. Moreover, the potential mediation effect of kidney function was not assessed. Hence, we conducted a national cross-sectional study involving 13,979 US adults in NHANES 2003-2018 to examine the associations of serum PFAS with uric acid and hyperuricemia risk, and the mediation effects of kidney function. Generalized linear models and E-R curves showed positive associations of individual PFAS with uric acid and hyperuricemia risk, and nearly linear E-R curves indicated no safe threshold for PFAS. Weighted quantile sum regression found positive associations of PFAS mixture with uric acid and hyperuricemia risk, and PFOA was the dominant contributor to the adverse effect of PFAS on uric acid and hyperuricemia risk. Causal mediation analysis indicated significant mediation effects of kidney function decline in the associations of PFAS with uric acid and hyperuricemia risk, with the mediated proportion ranging from 19 % to 57 %. Our findings suggested that PFAS, especially PFOA, may cause increased uric acid and hyperuricemia risk increase even at low levels, and kidney function decline plays a crucial mediation effect.
Risk Summary 

CYMBALTA is present in human milk. In a published study, lactating women who were weaning their infants were given CYMBALTA. At steady state, the concentration of CYMBALTA in breast milk was approximately 25% that of maternal plasma. The estimated daily infant dose was approximately 0.14% of the maternal dose. The developmental and health benefits of human milk feeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for CYMBALTA and any potential adverse effects on the milk-fed child from the drug or from the underlying maternal condition. Exercise caution when CYMBALTA is administered to a nursing woman. 

Data 

The disposition of CYMBALTA was studied in 6 lactating women who were at least 12 weeks postpartum and had elected to wean their infants. The women were given 40 mg of CYMBALTA twice daily for 3.5 days. The peak concentration measured in breast milk occurred at a median of 3 hours after the dose. The amount of CYMBALTA in breast milk was approximately 7 mcg/day while on that dose; the estimated daily infant dose was approximately 2 mcg/kg/day. The presence of CYMBALTA metabolites in breast milk was not examined.
In a large, placebo-controlled, multi-clinic study, LRC-CPPT 1, hypercholesterolemic subjects treated with QUESTRAN had mean reductions in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) which exceeded those for diet and placebo treatment by 7.2% and 10.4%, respectively. Over the seven-year study period the QUESTRAN group experienced a 19% reduction (relative to the incidence in the placebo group) in the combined rate of coronary heart disease death plus non-fatal myocardial infarction (cumulative incidences of 7% QUESTRAN and 8.6% placebo). The subjects included in the study were men aged 35 - 59 with serum cholesterol levels above 265 mg/dL and no previous history of heart disease. It is not clear to what extent these findings can be extrapolated to females and other segments of the hypercholesterolemic population. (See also PRECAUTIONS: Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility.)

Two controlled clinical trials have examined the effects of QUESTRAN monotherapy upon coronary atherosclerotic lesions using coronary arteriography. In the NHLBI Type II Coronary Intervention Trial 2, 116 patients (80% male) with coronary artery disease (CAD) documented by arteriography were randomized to QUESTRAN or placebo for five years of treatment. Final study arteriography revealed progression of coronary artery disease in 49% of placebo patients compared to 32% of the QUESTRAN group (p<0.05).

In the St. Thomas Atherosclerosis Regression Study (STARS) 3, 90 hypercholesterolemic men with CAD were randomized to three blinded treatments: usual care, lipid-lowering diet, and lipid-lowering diet plus QUESTRAN. After 36 months, follow-up coronary arteriography revealed progression of disease in 46% of usual care patients, 15% of patients on lipid-lowering diet and 12% of those receiving diet plus QUESTRAN (p<0.02). The mean absolute width of coronary segments decreased in the usual care group, increased slightly (0.003mm) in the diet group and increased by 0.103mm in the diet plus QUESTRAN group (p<0.05). Thus in these randomized controlled clinical trials using coronary arteriography, QUESTRAN monotherapy has been demonstrated to slow progression 2,3 and promote regression3 of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries of patients with coronary artery disease.

The effect of intensive lipid-lowering therapy on coronary atherosclerosis has been assessed by arteriography in hyperlipidemic patients. In these randomized, controlled clinical trials, patients were treated for two to four years by either conventional measures (diet, placebo, or in some cases low dose resin), or intensive combination therapy using diet plus colestipol (an anion exchange resin with a mechanism of action and an effect on serum lipids similar to that of QUESTRAN and QUESTRAN LIGHT) plus either nicotinic acid or lovastatin. When compared to conventional measures, intensive lipid-lowering combination therapy significantly reduced the frequency of progression and increased the frequency of regression of coronary atherosclerotic lesions in patients with or at risk for coronary artery disease.
BACKGROUND: Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome associated with reduced reserves and increased vulnerability to stressors among older adults. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in frailty, as it is essential for maintaining musculoskeletal functions. The relationship between dynamic changes in vitamin D levels and frailty over time has not been extensively studied.
METHODS: This study utilized data from the UK Biobank. Baseline and longitudinal changes in vitamin D levels were measured. Frailty status was assessed using both the frailty phenotype and frailty index approaches and classified as robust, pre-frail, or frail. Changes in frailty status were assessed by frailty phenotype at baseline (2006-2010) and the follow-up (2012-2013). Mixed effect model was performed to examine the association between vitamin D levels and frailty status. Using multistate transition models, we assessed the impact of increasing vitamin D levels on the probabilities of transitioning between robust, pre-frail, and frail states.
RESULTS: Based on the frailty phenotype, 287 926 individuals (64.8%) were identified as having various degrees of frailty (median age 58.00 [51.00, 64.00] years, 55.9% females). Using the frailty index approach, 250 566 individuals (56%) were found to have different levels of frailty (median age 59.00 [51.00, 64.00] years, 55.3% females). Baseline vitamin D levels were found to be significantly associated with frailty status (frailty phenotype: ORfrail 0.78, 95% CI [0.76, 0.79], P < 0.001; frailty index: ORfrail 0.80, 95% CI [0.78, 0.81], P < 0.001). Dynamic changes in vitamin D levels were also found to be associated with changes in frailty over time. Furthermore, increasing vitamin D levels were associated with a transition from frailty to a healthier status. A higher degree of vitamin D (estimated at 1 nmol/L) was associated with a lower risk of transitioning from robust to prefrail (HR 0.997, 95% CI [0.995, 0.999]) and from prefrail to frail (HR 0.992, 95% CI [0.988, 0.995]).
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of vitamin D in the context of frailty. Low vitamin D levels are associated with increased frailty risk, while increasing vitamin D levels may contribute to improving frailty status. Recognizing the relationship between vitamin D levels and frailty can inform personalized management and early interventions for frail individuals. Further research is needed to explore the potential effects of vitamin D interventions on frailty and deepen our understanding of the biological connections between vitamin D and frailty.
Zolendronic acid 4 mg Intravenous (IV) 15 minute infusion every 6 months beginning when one of the following occurred: BMD T-score \<= -2.0 SD at either the lumbar spine or total hip, any clinical fracture unrelated to trauma or an asymptomatic fracture discovered at the Month 36 visit. All participants took Letrozole tablets 2.5 mg/day for 5 years beginning on Day 1.
Prior to the induction of general anaesthesia, a paravertebral block will be simulated by measuring, marking the patient's skin and applying mild pressure at each level (T4-T8). To preserve the blind, the anaesthesiologist will also infiltrate the skin with lidocaine 2% (0.5-1 mL). A multilevel intercostal nerve block will be performed by the surgeon at the end of surgery before skin closure. Five mL of ropivacaine 0.5% will be injected at each level between T4 and T8. A PCA device will be installed upon arrival in the recovery room.
Participants will be asked to follow the ketogenic diet (KD) for 12 weeks in addition to any ongoing medications (e.g., mood stabilizers and/or second-generation antipsychotics). Participants will receive diet counseling from a registered dietitian. Participants will be asked to monitor and report their blood ketone and glucose levels each day via a finger-prick device provided by the study team.
Patients will receive a 90-day supply of HCQ-matching placebo at their screening visit, at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months, and 10 months. All patients will return their current supply along with a completed dosing diary at each visit and receive a new supply in exchange. The HCQ-matching placebo dose administered will match each patient's dosage of HCQ at enrollment.
OBJECTIVE: Alcoholics with current comorbid mental disorders constitute the majority of alcoholics in clinical settings. Although there are two FDA approved medications for the treatment of alcoholism (naltrexone and disulfiram), there are no established pharmacotherapies for individuals with comorbid alcoholism and psychiatric illnesses. Studies suggest that the class of antidepressants known as serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is effective in reducing alcohol use in depressed individuals. In addition, a small open label study has shown that SSRIs have similar effects on individuals with comorbid PTSD and alcoholism. Preclinical studies have shown that the combination of a serotonergic agent and naltrexone was more effective than either medication alone in suppressing alcohol intake. To address this issue, we are conducting a 13 week randomized clinical trial evaluating the effects of paroxetine, desipramine and naltrexone in reducing alcohol use in alcohol dependent individuals who currently meet DSM-IV diagnosis for Depressive Disorder or PTSD. RESEARCH PLAN: One hundred and twenty subjects who are alcohol dependent patients with comorbid PTSD or Depressive Disorder will be recruited from the following West Haven VA sources: the Substance Abuse Treatment program, the PTSD clinic, the Women's clinic, clinical referrals and advertisement. These subjects will be randomized in a double-blind fashion to one of four cells. We will compare paroxetine versus desipramine and naltrexone versus placebo. The antidepressant will be started at a low dose and titrated upward on a fixed schedule. The target dose will be 40mg for paroxetine and 200mg for desipramine. Minimum dosage permitted for study retention will be 20mg for paroxetine and 150mg for desipramine. Pharmacological treatments will last 13 weeks. Psychosocial treatment will involve medication compliance therapy, using the Microelectric Event Monitoring (MEMS) bottle caps. The specific aim of the research is to compare the relative effectiveness of paroxetine versus desipramine and naltrexone versus placebo in reducing the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption. METHODOLOGY: The primary outcome measures of major interest will include: frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption, self-reported craving, self-reported psychiatric and emotional distress, diagnostic assessment or psychiatric symptoms and side effects. These outcomes will be measured by the following: self-assessments, Timeline Followback, Hamilton Depression and anxiety scales, CAPS, ASI, Quality of Life, breathalyzer tests and monthly liver function tests.
The invention discloses a marine streptomyces/pyranosesquiterpene compound and a preparation method and an application thereof. The streptomyces (sp.) SCSIO 01689 was preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection on July 18, 2011 in Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, and the preservation number is CCTCC NO: M 2,011,257. The novel pyranosesquiterpene compound with good activities against escherichia coli and artemia salina sinnaeus and Cyclo (D)-Pro-(D)-I le, Cyclo (D)-Pro-(D)-Leu and Cyclo (D)-trans-4-OH-Pro-(D)-Phe with good activities against vibrio anguillarum and artemia salina sinnaeus can be prepared with the streptomyces (sp.) SCSIO 01689. Therefore, a novel method is provided for preparation of the Cyclo (D)-Pro-(D)-I le, the Cyclo (D)-Pro-(D)-Leu and the Cyclo (D)-trans-4-OH-Pro-(D)-Phe. The pyranosesquiterpene compound can be applied in preparation of drugs against escherichia coli and drugs against artemia salina sinnaeus and can also be used as a precursor compound of a flavor agent for preparation of flavor agents.
Electrotherapy program in our study 20 minutes, Hot-pack (HP) 20 minutes, 60-120 Hz frequency range 50-100 millisecond pulse time conventional TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) and 5 minutes 1.5 watt / cm2 treatment dosage 1 MHz ' ultrasound (US) treatment was applied. Exercise program; Eccentric and concentric strengthening and stretching of ECBR and ECBL muscles, terminal elbow flexion and extension, forearm pronation and supination exercises were given. Electrotherapy was given as 15 sessions for 6 weeks, 2 or 3 days a week, 1 session per day, and 30 sessions for 6 weeks, 5 days per week. Fifteen of these exercise sessions were supervised by the physiotherapist in the hospital and the remaining 15 patients did not come to the clinic on their own. The experimantel group was given strengthening exercises of the upper trapezoidal, middle trapezoidal and serratus anterior muscles with extra scapula muscles.