anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Highly polymorphic BCR-ABL kinase domains have been reported to harbor more than a hundred mutations, and among these, 40-60% have been identified as influencers of imatinib mesylate (IM) resistance. The emergence of IM resistance poses a significant challenge in the management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). M351T (rs121913457), E255K (rs387906517), and Y253H (rs121913461) are of particular clinical significance due to their association with high-level imatinib resistance. This study was conducted to investigate the potential role of three significant SNPs in CML progression due to IM resistance. During the study period from 2018 to 2022 (48 months), the blood samples from 219 Reverse transcriptase-PCR-confirmed CML patients following RNA extraction and cDNA preparation were subjected to M351T, E255K, and Y253H mutation analysis by PCR-RFLP. After agarose gel visualization, the samples were subjected to Sanger sequencing to confirm the nucleotide change at the polymorphic loci. The wild-type genotype of all three ABL1 SNPs under investigation exhibits a significant reduction in frequency among IM non-responders compared to the responder group. The CGT haplotype frequency exhibits a significant difference between IM responder (4.2%) and non-responder (11.8%) (p = 0.002 < 0.05). Further, CGC haplotype was observed solely among the imatinib non-responder patients with a frequency percentage of 3.3% (p = 0.004), whereas the said genotype was absent among the responder group. A reduced overall survival rate was observed with deviation from wild-type genotype (M351T loci (T > C) with 1.217 times, E255K (G > A) with 1.485 and Y253H (T > C) with 1.399 times increase in hazard ratio) thereby enhancing mortality risk due to disease progression. The significant increase in the frequency of M351T, E255K, and Y253H loci among the IM non-responder group indicated their probable association with the development of IM resistance among CML patients. A haplotype frequency distribution pattern analysis of ABL1 loci further identified the CGC haplotype as an independent predictor for IM resistance. As such the study highlights the importance of patient characteristics, genotype distribution, and haplotype frequency distribution in predicting the response to IM treatment and clinical outcomes of CML patients.
30 healthy volunteers (2 of these were planned alternates) gave informed consent and were enrolled to participate in a study to determine the efficacy of prophylactic rifaximin in preventing diarrheal illness following challenge with C. jejuni, strain CG8421. Volunteers were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria and were admitted to the inpatient unit of the Center for Immunization Research at Johns Hopkins University. Volunteers were treated with rifaximin or placebo in a double blind manner for four days, beginning the day prior to challenge. On the day of challenge, the volunteers were given 5x10(5) C. jejuni with bicarbonate buffer and were then monitored and treated for any symptoms. Stools were cultured daily for the excretion of C. jejuni and all subjects were treated with antibiotics to insure that the challenge strain has cleared prior to to discharge. Subjects were followed for six months following the inpatient phase to detect adverse events following the study.
Patients receive curcumin PO daily on days 1-28 and cholecalciferol PO daily on days 8-28 of course 1 and days 1-28 of subsequent courses. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients achieving partial response or better may receive treatment for a total of 2 years.
BACKGROUND: Hernias in patients with ascites are common, however we know very little about the surgical repair of hernias within this population. The study of these repairs has largely remained limited to single center and case studies, lacking a population-based study on the topic.
STUDY DESIGN: The Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative and its corresponding Core Optimization Hernia Registry (MSQC-COHR) which captures specific patient, hernia, and operative characteristics at a population level within the state was used to conduct a retrospective review of patients with ascites undergoing ventral or inguinal hernia repair between January 1, 2020 and May 3, 2022. The primary outcome observed was incidence and surgical approach for both ventral and inguinal hernia cohorts. Secondary outcomes included 30-day adverse clinical outcomes as listed here: (ED visits, readmission, reoperation and complications) and surgical priority (urgent/emergent vs elective).
RESULTS: In a cohort of 176 patients with ascites, surgical repair of hernias in patients with ascites is a rare event (1.4% in ventral hernia cohort, 0.2% in inguinal hernia cohort). The post-operative 30-day adverse clinical outcomes in both cohorts were greatly increased compared to those without ascites (ventral: 32% inguinal: 30%). Readmission was the most common complication in both inguinal (n = 14, 15.9%) and ventral hernia (n = 17, 19.3%) groups. Although open repair was most common for both cohorts (ventral: 86%, open: 77%), minimally invasive (MIS) approaches were utilized. Ventral hernias presented most commonly urgently/emergently (60%), and in contrast many inguinal hernias presented electively (72%).
CONCLUSION: A population-level, ventral and incisional hernia database capturing operative details for 176 patients with ascites. There was variation in the surgical approaches performed for this rare event and opportunities for optimization in patient selection and timing of repair.
Because AGGRENOX contains aspirin, AGGRENOX can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Maternal aspirin use during later stages of pregnancy may cause low birth weight, increased incidence for intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants, stillbirths and neonatal death. Because of the above and because of the known effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the fetal cardiovascular system (closure of the ductus arteriosus), avoid AGGRENOX in the third trimester of pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Aspirin has been shown to be teratogenic in rats (spina bifida, exencephaly, microphthalmia and coelosomia) and rabbits (congested fetuses, agenesis of skull and upper jaw, generalized edema with malformation of the head, and diaphanous skin) at oral doses of 330 mg/kg/day and 110 mg/kg/day, respectively. These doses, which also resulted in a high resorption rate in rats (63% of implantations versus 5% in controls), are, on a mg/m2 basis, about 66 and 44 times, respectively, the dose of aspirin contained in the maximum recommended daily human dose of AGGRENOX. Reproduction studies with dipyridamole have been performed in mice, rabbits and rats at oral doses of up to 125 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, respectively (about 1½, 2 and 25 times the maximum recommended daily human oral dose, respectively, on a mg/m2 basis) and have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to dipyridamole. When 330 mg aspirin/kg/day was combined with 75 mg dipyridamole/kg/day in the rat, the resorption rate approached 100%, indicating potentiation of aspirin-related fetal toxicity. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of the use of AGGRENOX in pregnant women. If AGGRENOX is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking AGGRENOX, inform the patient of the potential hazard to the fetus.
Participants with either hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or colorectal liver metastases tumors receiving standard of care radioembolization treatment will be randomly assigned to undergo a routine mapping procedure first using a standard microcatheter 2-21 days before their radioembolization treatment day. Then on day of radioembolization treatment, an extra mapping procedure using the PEDD device catheter will be done just prior to the treatment.
Disclosed is a preparation method for a quinoa low-GI ingredient and an ingredient obtained from the method. In the method, quinoa is used as a raw material. A low GI ingredient with a resistant starch content of 70% and a glycemic index below 45 is obtained by means of steps comprising: preheating quinoa by baking, adding an emulsifier and cellulase thereto, mixing, conditioning and extruding the same, etc. Also disclosed is a method for reducing the GI value of extruded grains. Before extrusion processing, the grains are conditioned by means of adding an emulsifier and cellulase to reduce the GI value of the extruded grains. The grains comprise rice, wheat, oats, quinoa or corn.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an anxiolytic and sedative material causing no side effect.  <P>SOLUTION: The pharmaceutical composition comprises a unit administration dosage form containing a specified quantity of isovaleramide. The isovaleramide exhibits mild anxiolytic (anxiety-decreasing) activity at low to moderate dosage levels and mildly sedative at somewhat higher dosage levels. In contrast to certain other materials thought to be anxiolytic or mildly sedative, isovaleramide is non-cytotoxic and does not paradoxically stimulate the central nervous system. The isovaleramide is useful as a mild anxiolytic and mild sedative.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Hepatectomy is widely used to treat patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even those with intermediate and advanced disease. Despite its well-demonstrated clinical safety and efficacy in many patients, it is associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. One complication after hepatectomy is delayed resumption of gastrointestinal function, known as postoperative ileus. This can decrease patient comfort and increase morbidity and mortality, prolonging hospital stay and raising healthcare costs. While postoperative ileus usually resolves within approximately 3 days, it can last longer in some cases as a condition termed postoperative paralytic ileus. Postoperative use of opioid-based analgesics can increase incidence of postoperative ileus.

No drugs or interventions to prevent or treat postoperative ileus have been approved by the China Drug Administration or the US Food and Drug Administration. Several studies show that chewing gum, a new and simple modality, can accelerate complication-free recovery of gastrointestinal function following gastrointestinal surgery and obstetrical-gynecological surgery. This raises the question whether postoperative smoked plum, or chewing gum can reduce risk of postoperative ileus following hepatectomy. To examine this question, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare incidence of postoperative ileus and length of hospital stay in HCC patients who received smoked plum, chewing gum or no intervention following hepatectomy.
The safety and effectiveness of flumazenil have been established in pediatric patients 1 year of age and older. Use of flumazenil in this age group is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies of flumazenil in adults with additional data from uncontrolled pediatric studies including one open-label trial.

The use of flumazenil to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines used for conscious sedation was evaluated in one uncontrolled clinical trial involving 107 pediatric patients between the ages of 1 and 17 years. At the doses used, flumazenil’s safety was established in this population. Patients received up to 5 injections of 0.01 mg/kg flumazenil up to a maximum total dose of 1.0 mg at a rate not exceeding 0.2 mg/min.

Of 60 patients who were fully alert at 10 minutes, 7 experienced resedation. Resedation occurred between 19 and 50 minutes after the start of flumazenil administration. None of the patients experienced a return to the baseline level of sedation. All 7 patients were between the ages of 1 and 5 years. The types and frequency of adverse events noted in these pediatric patients were similar to those previously documented in clinical trials with flumazenil to reverse conscious sedation in adults. No patient experienced a serious adverse event attributable to flumazenil.

The safety and efficacy of flumazenil in the reversal of conscious sedation in pediatric patients below the age of 1 year have not been established (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients).

The safety and efficacy of flumazenil have not been established in pediatric patients for reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines used for induction of general anesthesia, for the management of overdose, or for the resuscitation of the newborn, as no well-controlled clinical studies have been performed to determine the risks, benefits and dosages to be used. However, published anecdotal reports discussing the use of flumazenil in pediatric patients for these indications have reported similar safety profiles and dosing guidelines to those described for the reversal of conscious sedation.

The risks identified in the adult population with flumazenil use also apply to pediatric patients. Therefore, consult the CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS, and ADVERSE REACTIONS sections when using flumazenil in pediatric patients.
The present invention provides an apparatus and methods of producing particles that include a polymer, a wax and/or lipid and, optionally, a biologically active substance. A load stock including a polymer, a wax, and/or a lipid that is a solid at standard temperature and pressure and, optionally, a biologically active substance is provided. The load stock is contacted with a supercritical fluid to form a melt. The melt is contacted with a polar solvent under suitable conditions to form an emulsion. The emulsion is expanded across a pressure drop to form solid particles that include the load stock. The methods and apparatus facilitate the production of very small particles that have a narrow particle size distribution. An apparatus is shown in Figure 1. The apparatus (100) includes an emulsion and mixing apparatus (102) and an expansion apparatus (104). The emulsification apparatus includes an emulsification vessel (110) and an emulsion assembly (116).
OBJECTIVE: To explore the applicability of bone reamer and trephine for foraminoscopy in percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD), and to provide a theoretical basis for foraminoplasty options in clinical practice.
METHODS: This study was a prospective cohort study. Sixty-three consecutive patients who underwent PELD for lumbar disc herniation between May 2021 and July 2022 were analysed. Foraminoplasty were performed by bone reamer or trephine. The amount of bone removed and the foramen area enlarged during foraminoplasty by both tools were measured by 3D slicer and Digimizer software, and the numbers of fluoroscopic views were recorded.
RESULTS: The bone reamer removed less bone in the Superior Articular Process (SAP) than the trephine (t = 17.507, P < 0.001), and the area enlarged by the bone reamer was smaller than that of the trephine (t = 10.042, P = 0.002). The overall numbers of fluoroscopic views were significantly more in the bone reamer group than in the trephine group (t = 19.003, P < 0.001). In the bone reamer group, when the area of preoperative (FPZ) was no less than 54.55 mm2, the mean number of fluoroscopic views significantly decreased (t = 14.443, P = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Bone reamer was safer and trephine was more efficient for foraminoscopy in PELD. An area of preoperative (FPZ) of 54.55 mm2 can be used as a critical value: bone reamer reduced the risk for cases above the value, while trephine improved the efficiency for cases less than the value.
The invention is directed to novel indole carboxamide derivatives.  Specifically, the invention is directed to compounds according to formula I:  Formula (I) where R1 , R2, R3, U and V are defined below and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of IKK2 and can be useful in the treatment of disorders associated with inappropriate IKK2 (also known as IKK.beta.) activity, such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).  Accordingly, the invention is further directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the invention. The invention is still further directed to methods of inhibiting IKK2 activity and treatment of disorders associated therewith using a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention.
Oraqix (lidocaine and prilocaine periodontal gel,) 2.5%/2.5% is a microemulsion in which the oil phase is a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine in a ratio of 1:1 by weight. This eutectic mixture has a melting point below room temperature; therefore, both local anesthetics exist as liquid oils rather than as crystals. Oraqix contains poloxamer excipients, which show reversible temperature-dependent gelation. Together with the lidocaine-prilocaine 1:1 mixture, the poloxamers form a low-viscosity fluid system at room temperature and an elastic gel in the periodontal pocket. Oraqix is administered into periodontal pockets, by means of the supplied special applicator. Gelation occurs at body temperature, followed by release of the local anesthetics, lidocaine and prilocaine. The Oraqix single-use glass cartridges deliver up to 1.7g (1.7mL) of gel (42.5 mg of lidocaine and 42.5 mg of prilocaine). Prilocaine base and lidocaine base are both relatively hydrophilic amino-amides.

The structural formulas are:

Lidocaine is chemically designated as 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-acetamide and has an octanol:water partition ratio of 43 at pH 7.4. The pKa of lidocaine is 7.86. Prilocaine is chemically designated as N-(2-methyl-phenyl)-2 (propylamino)-propanamide and has an octanol:water partition ratio of 25 at pH 7.4. The pKa of prilocaine is 7.89. Each gram of Oraqix contains 25-mg lidocaine base and 25-mg prilocaine base. The gel also contains thermosetting agents (poloxamer 188 purified, poloxamer 407 purified), hydrochloric acid (pH adjustment), and purified water. The pH of Oraqix is 7.5-8.0.
LY2523355 administered intravenously on Days 1, 5 and 9, starting dose is 2 milligrams per meter squared (mg/m\^2) for 2 planned 21-day cycles. Participants may continue on study drug until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or other withdrawal criterion are met.
Patients receive standard of care pembrolizumab and undergo 3-5 fractions SRS. Patients also undergo TTFields over 8 hours daily using NovoTTF-100M device until intra-cranial progression or until end of immunotherapy treatments at the discretion of the treating physician in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
National and international guidelines have the objective to optimize the airway management modalities and to minimize the risk of complications in relation to this procedure. In contrast to the operating-room where intubation is performed daily in standardized conditions, in prehospital emergency setting, the environment and circumstances are variable and have an impact on the gesture as has been demonstrated. However, there are few studies about this issue, and these one are relatively ancients although that orotracheal intubation procedures in emergency are now well defined and that the algorithms for the management of difficult intubation have been well diffused in the emergency area these last 10 years. The last study about this topic has been published in 2012 involving more than 600 patients included between 2008 and 2010.

Difficult intubation rate, defined with a number of attempts over 2 or the use of an alternative technic was 11%. Another study with more than 2000 patients had found a rate of 6%. A study comparing the intubation difficulty scale score between two types of blades in 800 patients had found a rate of difficult intubation from 9 to 12%. The algorithms of the management of difficult intubation were largely based on the result of studies performed by anesthesiologists in operating ward. The objective will be to describe the quality of intubation and to measure risk factors of difficult intubation. The investigators are going to collect data about all patients intubated in prehospital emergency setting with the objective to measure the difficult intubation rate and to describe variables associated with difficult intubation. The follow up will be restricted to the area of prehospital emergency setting.
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) often accompanies cochlear synaptopathy, which can be potentially reversed to restore hearing. However, there has been little success in achieving complete recovery of sensorineural deafness using nearly noninvasive middle ear drug delivery before. Here, we present a study demonstrating the efficacy of a middle ear delivery system employing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-poly-(dl-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-loaded hydrogel in reversing synaptopathy and restoring hearing function in a mouse model with NIHL. The mouse model achieved using the single noise exposure (NE, 115 dBL, 4 h) exhibited an average 20 dBL elevation of hearing thresholds with intact cochlear hair cells but a loss of ribbon synapses as the primary cause of hearing impairment. We developed a BDNF-PLGA-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel, which was administered via a single controllable injection into the tympanic cavity of noise-exposed mice, allowing its presence in the middle ear for a duration of 2 weeks. This intervention resulted in complete restoration of NIHL at frequencies of click, 4, 8, 16, and 32 kHz. Moreover, the cochlear ribbon synapses exhibited significant recovery, whereas other cochlear components (hair cells and auditory nerves) remained unchanged. Additionally, the cochlea of NE treated mice revealed activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TRKB) signaling upon exposure to BDNF. These findings demonstrate a controllable and minimally invasive therapeutic approach that utilizes a BDNF-PLGA-loaded hydrogel to restore NIHL by specifically repairing cochlear synaptopathy. This tailored middle ear delivery system holds great promise for achieving ideal clinical outcomes in the treatment of NIHL and cochlear synaptopathy.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.
PURPOSE: To explore the complications and risk factors for total resection (TR) of primary thoracic and lumbar spinal tumors over the past decade at our institution.
METHODS: Patients meeting inclusion criteria (primary spinal tumors, thoracic or lumbar location, TR at our center) were included. Demographic characteristics, surgical data, perioperative complications and management results were reviewed. Patients were stratified by tumor site, the number of excised segments, and recurrence status to elucidate distinctive characteristics.
RESULTS: The cohort comprised 103 patients, with a mean age of 35.8 years. On average, 1.83 vertebral segments were resected per patient. Perioperative complications were substantial, totaling 166 events, with 71 classified as major and 95 as minor, yielding an average of 1.61 complications per patient. No perioperative deaths occurred, but 79 patients (76.7%) experienced at least one complication. Multiple vertebral sections correlated with a higher complication rate (P = 0.031), and lumbar surgeries exhibited elevated risks of large vascular injury (P = 0.001), neurological deterioration, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage compared to thoracic cases. Conversely, thoracic spinal procedures showed a higher rate of pleural effusion (P = 0.004). Binary logistics stepwise regression identified multi-segmental resection as the independent risk factor for major perioperative complications.
CONCLUSIONS: TR of primary spinal tumors is associated with a high perioperative complication rate, although most events have a favorable prognosis. Complication characteristics vary based on the surgical site, number of excised segments, and surgical history. A nuanced preoperative evaluating approach considering patient age, surgical segments, and extent of resection is crucial.