anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
FIELD: medicine. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine and biotechnology area and concerns antibody polypeptides ensuring monovalent binding of CD40L. Substance of the invention involves antibody polypeptides ensuring monovalent binding of CD40L and can inhibit activity of CD40L while allowing avoiding potential undesirable results of application of antibodies able for bivalent and multivalent binding of CD40L. In one perspective, polypeptide of monovalent anti-Cd40L antibody consists of, or contains single variable immunoglobulin domain which specifically binds and inhibits activity of CD40L, preferentially to a wide extent not stimulating activity of CD40 and/or CD40L. In the other perspective, polypeptide of monovalent anti-Cd40L antibody represents human antibody polypeptide. The present invention also involves methods of CD40/CD40L interaction inhibition in a human organism and therapies of diseases or disorders involving CD40/CD40L interactions, including introduction to a patient of polypeptide of monovalent anti-CD40L antibody. ^ EFFECT: advantage of the invention consists in higher specificity. ^ 73 cl, 9 ex, 13 dwg
This invention provides a novel class of androgen receptor targeting agents (ARTA). The agents define a new subclass of compounds which are tissue-selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM), which are useful for oral testosterone replacement therapy, male contraception, maintaining sexual desire in women, treating prostate cancer and imaging prostate cancer. The SARM compounds are represented by general formula I:wherein X is O, Z is NO, COR, COOH or CONHR; Y is I, CF, Br, Cl, or Sn(R); Q is alkyl, halogen, N(R), NHCOR, NHCONHR, NHCOOR, OCONHR, CONHR, NHCSCH, NHCSCF, NHCSR, NHSOCH, NHSOR, OR, COR, OCOR, OSOR, SOR or SR wherein Ris an alkyl, aryl, Ris CH, CFCHCH, or CFCFand T is OH, OR,-NHCOCH, or NHCOR wherein R is a Calkyl, a Chaloalkyl, phenyl, halo, alkenyl or hydroxyl, wherein Q is not NHCOCHor NHCOCF. These agents have an unexpected in-vivo activity for an androgenic and anabolic activity of a nonsteroidal ligand for the androgen receptor. These agents may be active alone or in combination with progestins or estrogens. The invention further provides a novel class of non-steroidal agonist compounds. The invention further provides compositions containing the selective androgen modulator compounds or the non-steroidal agonist compounds and methods of binding an androgen receptor, modulating spermatogenesis, treating and imaging prostate cancer, and providing hormonal therapy for androgen-dependent conditions.
BACKGROUND: Gastrodia elata (Orchidaceae) is a medicinal plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. The rhizomes contain numerous active components, of which Gastrodin (p-hydroxymethylphenyl-B-D-glucopyranoside) forms the basis of the traditional medicine Gastrodiae Rhizoma. Gastrodin is also found in other medicinal plants and has neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in neurodegeneration. Research indicates that consuming meals and drinks containing Gastrodiaelata can enhance cognitive functioning and memory in elderly patients. The mechanisms relevant to the problem have not been completely understood.
PURPOSE: The aim was to examine the in vivo and in vitro anti-neuroinflammatory effects of Gastrodin.
STUDY DESIGN: The neuroprotective effects of Gastrodin on the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway and Stat3 phosphorylation in LPS-treated C57BL/6 mice and BV-2 cells were investigated.
METHODS: 1. C57BL/6 mice were assigned to model, gastrodin, donepezil, and control groups (n = 10 per group). The Gastrodin group received 100 mg/kg/d for five days, and the Dopenezil group 1.3 mg/kg/d. A neuroinflammation model was established by administering intraperitoneal injections of 2 mg/kg LPS to all groups, excluding the control. To induce microglial activation in Gastrodin-treated mouse microglial BV-2 cells, 1 µg/ml LPS was introduced for 24 h Morris water mazes were utilized to evaluate learning and spatial memory. Expression and subcellular localization of TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB axis-related proteins and p-Stat3, Iba-1, GFAP, iNOS, and CD206 were assessed by immunofluorescence, western blots, and ELISA. qRT-PCR was performed to determine and measure IL-1β, TNF-α, cell migration, and phagocytosis. Overexpression of TRAF6 was induced by transfection, and the effect of Gastrodin on IL-1β and p-NF-κB p65 levels was assessed.
RESULTS: 1. In mice, gastrodin treatment mitigated LPS-induced deficits in learning and spatial memory, as well as reducing neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, expression of TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway proteins, activation of microglia and astrocytes, and phosphorylation of Stat3. 2. Gastrodin pretreatment improved LPS-induced inflammation in vitro, reducing expression of TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB-associated proteins and p-Stat3, inducing microglial transformation from M1 to M2, and inhibiting migration and phagocytosis. Overexpression of TRAF6 inhibited the Gastrodin-induced effects.
CONCLUSION: Gastrodin suppresses neuroinflammation and microglial activation by modifying the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway and Stat3 phosphorylation.
Mechanical complications during central catheterisation occur in approximately 15% of cases. This report describes a potentially fatal yet avoidable complication and highlights the typical radiological features of a retropharyngeal haematoma.A patient with acute myeloid leukaemia was admitted to the intensive care unit with respiratory distress immediately after an attempt to insert a subclavian catheter without ultrasound guidance. A computed tomography scan revealed nearly complete obstruction of the upper airway by a retropharyngeal haematoma, with a blush of contrast agent. There was also a mass effect on the trachea and mediastinal structures. The haematoma was caused by accidental puncture of the thyrocervical artery. The patient's condition improved following orotracheal intubation, transfusion of platelets and fresh frozen plasma, arterial radio-embolisation, and clinical monitoring of haematoma resorption, which restored airway patency.A retropharyngeal haematoma is a potentially lethal complication, and its treatment carries significant risks. Therefore, central catheter insertion should likely not be attempted without ultrasound guidance to avoid serious complications for patients.
Being overweight and obese are becoming serious health care problems in developed countries as well as in Turkey. Both are associated with severe health problems as increased risk of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory and renal problems, and certain types of cancer. The behavioral and environmental factors (i.e. sedentary lifestyles combined with excess energy intake, unhealthy diet, low level of education and poverty) are primarily responsible for the dramatic increase of obesity. In Turkey, the prevalence of obesity has increased by 65% among men and 30% among women during the 90's. According to the recent findings of The National Household Research the incidence of being overweight was 31.35% and obese was 12.2% among those above 18 years. This was 28.93% and 14.59% in females and 33.64% and 9.70% in males, respectively. It was also reported that the incidence of being overweight had a tendency to increase linearly by age: 2.53% between 18-24 years, 7.96% between 25 - 34 years, 15.57% between 35-44 years, 22.61% between 45-54 years, 22.55% between years 55 - 64 years. This increase in obesity with aging may not be only due to the decrease in the fat-free mass but also due to an impaired ability to regulate the energy balance with age. Therefore, the age-related decline in basal metabolic rate, which is also related to the reduction in fat-free mass may alter the energy balance and contribute to weight gain. Thus, physical activity is essential for obese subjects in order to maintain or to increase their basal metabolic rate as well as their daily energy expenditure to enhance their weight loss.

Therefore, regular physical exercise may be considered as an effective tool to increase the resting metabolic rate by improving the muscle mass. However, the modern life, equipped with technological support, has eventually decreased the amount of daily physical activities in household tasks, transportation or in work environments. As Kirk and Rhodes stated the positions of higher professional status are more likely to engage in sedentary work-related behavior (i.e. sitting) compared to those working in positions of lower professional status (i.e. manual labor). Additionally, male were more likely to be employed in blue-collar or high-manual-labor positions that require high physical activity compared to women. The women mostly prefer non-occupational and non-leisure activities; for instance house-work. It is also reported that low level physical activity habit is higher among people having office work and living in the cities in Turkey.

Therefore, we have aimed to evaluate the physical activity level, physical status and the eating habits of the people in higher or lower professional statuses, and observe the gender differences.
Familial melanoma is defined as melanoma occurring in two or more first-degree relatives by the WHO. Germline mutations are isolated in a subset of them. It is well known that CDKN2A is the most frequently mutated high-risk gene in familial melanoma, however, the prognosis it confers to patients who carry its mutations is still controversial. This review aims to assess whether germline mutations imply a worse prognosis in patients with familial melanoma. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Data from 3 independent populations were eventually included in the meta-analysis, involving 291 cases and 57 416 controls. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that there is a tendency for patients with germline mutations in the CDKN2A gene to have a worse overall survival (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.99-1.69, P  = 0.05) and melanoma-specific survival (HR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.97-2.31, P  = 0.07). Carrier patients would not only have more incidence of melanoma and a higher risk of a second melanoma, but they also seem to have a worse prognosis. The inclusion of gene panel testing in clinical practice and the collaboration within consortia are needed to provide further evidence on the prognosis of these patients.
This comprehensive review examines the diverse classes of pharmacologically active compounds found in marine algae and their promising anti-inflammatory effects. The review covers various classes of anti-inflammatory compounds sourced from marine algae, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, caretenoids, alkaloids, phlorotannins, bromophenols, amino acids, peptides, proteins, polysaccharides, and fatty acids. The anti-inflammatory activities of marine algae-derived compounds have been extensively investigated using in vitro and in vivo models, demonstrating their ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes involved in inflammation. Moreover, marine algae-derived compounds have exhibited immunomodulatory properties, regulating immune cell functions and attenuating inflammatory responses. Specific examples of compounds with notable anti-inflammatory activities are highlighted. This review provides valuable insights for researchers in the field of marine anti-inflammatory pharmacology and emphasizes the need for further research to harness the pharmacological benefits of marine algae-derived compounds for the development of effective and safe therapeutic agents.
The optimized non-surgical treatment program consists of medications, physiotherapy and nutritional seminars. The 12-week program will include an assessment by a primary care physician, physiotherapist and orthopaedic surgeon, one supervised physiotherapy session per week, one body recomposition session per week, and a home program. After the 12-week program is completed, patients randomized to this group will continue with their home program and will be followed up for 2 years after baseline.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel composition which has high mechanical strengths and an excellent cleaning force. SOLUTION: This polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel composition for oral cavities comprises the complex of polyvinyl alcohol with a compound containing at least two acid anhydride structures in the molecule. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) includes the conventional polyvinyl alcohol. The PVA has a number- average polymerization degree of preferably >=500, more preferably >=700. The upper limit of the number-average polymerization degree is preferably not limited, but is usually about 5, 000. The mol.wt. of the compound containing at least two acid anhydride structures in the molecule is especially not limited, but is preferably limited to a range exhibiting a solid state at the ordinary temperature.
Patients requesting epidural labor analgesia will be eligible for recruitment. After written informed consent is obtained, placement of monitors and aseptic technique, the 17G epidural needle will be placed using the loss of resistance (LOR) technique to air or saline at the lumbar level chosen by the anesthesiologist. When LOR occurs, the needle will then be filled with 2 mL NaCl 0.9% from that syringe and the pressure monitoring accessory will be connected to the needle. The second investigator will then connect the high pressure tubing to the acessory without touching it, and the pressure will be zeroed at level of the needle insertion. Pressure will then be transduced and the waveform, recorded. An epidural catheter (SIMS Portex) will then be passed through the needle and advanced 5 cm beyond the tip of the epidural needle. After securing the epidural catheter in place, the patient will be placed on the lateral position. The catheter will then be filled NaCl 0.9% from a syringe and a high-pressure tubing extension leveled at the spine level will be connected to the catheter and the pressure will be transduced and recorded. Data recorded will include 2 parameters: 1) The presence or absence of a pulsatile waveform, and 2) The actual pressure read at the epidural space, in mmHg. Those readings will be obtained in 2 distinct moments: at a " rest" state, meaning during an interval between contractions, and at an "active" state, during the first contraction after the epidural catheter is placed. A test dose of 3 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine1:200.000 will then be given to exclude potential spinal or intravascular injection. After 3 minutes, a loading dose of 10mL of 0,125% bupivacaine will be given for labor analgesia and the presence or absence of a bilateral sensorial block at T10 or higher at 30 min will be assessed.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) capsules containing 1x10\^10 LGG per capsule will be given to volunteers with verbal and written instructions at the baseline visit. Capsules are to be taken orally twice a day dissolved in cow's milk or soy milk on an outpatient basis.
In Study Epoch 1 PIDD patients that are already on intravenous treatment or subcutaneous treatment will be enrolled and treated with IGI, 10% and rHuPH20 subcutaneously, with a short dose/interval ramp-up (Epoch 1) consisting of one 1-week dose and interval and one 2-week dose and interval. The ramp-up (Epoch 1) is followed by Epoch 2 which consists of approximately 6 months (24 weeks) of IGI, 10% and rHuPH20 treatment. For subjects pretreated intravenously (IV), this treatment will occur every 3 or 4 weeks (at a 3-week or 4-week dose, respectively), depending on the subject´s previous IV dosing schedule. For subjects pretreated subcutaneously (SC), treatment will also occur every 3 or 4 weeks (at a 3-week or 4-week dose, respectively), at the discretion of the investigator and subject.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) have been reported to increase the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). Whether mild TBI (mTBI) in veterans confers a similar increased risk of AD is less known. This study investigated early AD changes using CSF biomarkers in veterans with blast mTBI.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional case-control study of veterans with mTBI and non-mTBI veterans and civilians from 2 study sources. Blast-mTBI veterans had at least 1 war zone blast or combined blast/impact mTBI meeting Veterans Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense (DoD) criteria for mTBI. Non-mTBI participants had no lifetime history of TBI. All participants underwent standardized clinical and neuropsychological assessments and lumbar puncture for collection of the CSF. CSF biomarkers were measured using MesoScale Discovery assays for Aβ40 and Aβ42 and INNOTEST ELISAs for phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181) and total tau (t-tau).
RESULTS: Our sample comprised 51 participants with mTBI and 85 non-mTBI participants with mean (SD) ages 34.0 (10.1) and 33.5 years (8.9), respectively. All participants but 1 (99%) were male. Differences in CSF AD biomarkers between mTBI and non-mTBI groups were age dependent and most pronounced at older ages (omnibus test p ≤ 0.08). At age 50 years, the mTBI group had lower mean [95% CI] CSF Aβ42 and Aβ40 than the non-mTBI group by 154 [-12 to 319] and 1864 [610-3,118] pg/mL, respectively. By contrast, CSF p-tau181 and t-tau mean levels remained relatively constant with age in participants with mTBI, while tending to be higher at older ages for the non-mTBI group. The mTBI group also demonstrated poorer cognitive performance at older ages (omnibus p < 0.08): at age 50 years, the mean TMT-B time was higher by 34 seconds [10-58] and the mean CVLT-II short-delay recall was lower by 4.2 points [1.9-6.6]. Poorer verbal memory and verbal fluency performance were associated with lower CSF Aβ42 (p ≤ 0.05) in older participants.
DISCUSSION: CSF Aβ levels decreased in middle-aged veterans with blast-related mTBI. These data suggest that chronic neuropathologic processes associated with blast mTBI share properties in common with pathogenic processes known to portend AD onset, thus raising concern that veterans with blast-related mTBI may develop a dementing disorder later in life.
Although health professionals must be equipped to promote healthy lifestyles and serve as resources for the public's health information, many gaps in the education and training of residents exist. Health professional students readily admit to deficiencies in their training (i.e. lack of learning principles of prevention, health promotion, behavior change and risk reduction), yet, curricular changes have been slow \[1,2\]. A 1997 AAMC Medical School Graduation Questionnaire revealed that almost one quarter of graduates felt instruction time devoted to health promotion and disease prevention was inadequate \[3, 4, 5, 6\]. Mandates for competency-based, post-graduate training by the ACGME Outcomes Project and competency expectations by the AAMC Medical Schools Objectives Project (MSOP) require all residency programs and medical schools to develop innovative approaches to teaching clinical skills.

We believe the resident continuity experience is the perfect venue to implement and practice clinical guidelines and Bright Futures concepts. Past studies have documented that residents in academic, hospital-based sites, similar to those in CORNET, experience the most continuity and longitudinal relationships with their patients \[7, 8, 9\]. Longitudinal learning is a basic tenet of successful interventions and is easily accomplished during resident continuity practice. Pediatrics in Practice provides key resources for enhancing knowledge in family-centered oral health promotion and responding to the present gaps in medical education and training. Both residents and pediatricians in practice have limited knowledge of Bright Futures and its tenets. Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents represents the framework of providing contextual care to children that fosters partnerships among families, health professionals, and communities and increases knowledge about health education and prevention \[10, 11, 12\]. Although more competency-based curricula are being designed to promote skills and knowledge in health promotion and preventive services, there has been very little research into their efficacy in trainees.
The aim of this study is the comparison between the effects of supplementation with omega 3 or placebo for 8 weeks in serum level of BDNF، Follistatin، Irisin in patients with cardiovascular disease. In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, placebo-controlled, single-center, and phase two trials, 42men aged 45-65 years with Coronary Artery Disease are enrolled in the study from Tehran Heart Center. After signing informed consent all individuals complete a general information form , 24-hour food recall for 3 days will be taken from the participants at the beginning and the end of the study,. Selected samples are randomly classified into 2 blocks of groups receiving supplement and placebo. The supplement group, will receive 4 g/day omega 3 fatty acid for 8 weeks and the placebo group will also receive placebo (containing 4 g of edible paraffin) (similar in terms of color, shape and size). Patients are recommended to sustain their diets and medication dose (s) during the study and also advised to maintain a constant level of physical activity. Blood samples will be collected after 8-12 hours fasting and anthropometric variables, biochemical parameters and physical activity before and after the trial will be measured.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. 

The reconstituted solution, pH 6.0 to 7.5, is clear, slightly yellow and essentially free from visible particles. 

Prepare the solution with 1 to 2 mL of preservative-free Sterile Sodium Chloride Injection, 0.9 percent or preservative-free Sterile Water for Injection. Benzyl alcohol as a preservative has been associated with toxicity in neonates. Therefore, do not use diluents that contain preservatives. If 1 mL of diluent is used, the concentration of indomethacin in the solution will equal approximately 0.1 mg/0.1 mL; if 2 mL of diluent are used, the concentration of the solution will equal approximately 0.05 mg/0.1 mL. Discard any unused portion of the solution as it does not contain a preservative. Prepare a fresh solution just prior to each administration. Once reconstituted, the indomethacin solution may be injected intravenously. While the optimal rate of injection has not been established, published literature suggests an infusion rate over 20 to 30 minutes. 

Further dilution with intravenous infusion solutions is not recommended.
The main acupoints of treatment are CV1, SP, and bilateral ST36, with a total of 5 acupoints. Patients with liver and stomach disharmony should be added bilateral BL17, patients with phlegm-dampness obstruction should be added bilateral ST40, and patients with weak spleen and stomach should be added bilateral BL21. The above acupoints are treated with TTN. The TTN will be reserved in the acupoints for 3 days. After 3 days of retention of TTN, the patient is instructed to go to the hospital and receive the next TTN treatment. A total of 5 treatments were applied for a duration of 15 days.