anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Polygenic risk score (PRS) and rare monogenic variant screening are valuable tools for predicting cancer risk and identifying individuals at high risk. Integrating both common and rare genetic variants is crucial for accurate risk assessment. However, estimating the impacts of rare variants on cancer and combining them with PRS remains challenging. Here, we analyze 454,711 exome sequencing and 487,409 array UK Biobank samples, focusing on breast and prostate cancers. We introduce an expanded PRS (EPRS) approach, yielding a systematic model for more effective risk stratification. By prioritizing and clustering genes with cancer-specific rare variants based on odds ratios and population-attributable fraction, we refine risk stratification by combining both monogenic and polygenic effects. Individuals in high-PRS groups with rare high-impact gene variants show up to 15- and 22-fold higher risk for breast and prostate cancers, respectively, compared to those in the intermediate-PRS groups without rare variants. Combined risk profiles vary across distinct rare variant clusters within the same PRS group for both cancers. Our EPRS approach enhances risk stratification for breast and prostate cancers, offering important insights for future research and potential applications to other cancer types.
Methods are provided for reducing serum proinsulin levels, lessening post- prandial pancreatic stress, and reducing risk factors for atherosclerosis in subjects with diabetes mellitus, type 2. The method includes administration of insulin in a manner that mimics the meal-related first phase insulin respons e, using a dose sufficient to reduce serum levels of proinsulin. In some embodiments of the method insulin administration is commenced early in the course of the disease. Mimicking first phase kinetics, peak serum insulin levels can be reached within about 18 minutes of administration. In increasingly preferred embodiments peak serum insulin levels can be reached within about 15, 12, or 10 minutes of administration. Serum insulin levels return to baseline within about two hours of administration.
Chlorella extracts containing high molecular weight Chlorella polysaccharide and polysaccharide complexes show immune modulatory, specifically immune stimulatory, activity. The polysaccharide and polysaccharide complexes contain glucose and any combination of: galactose, rhamnose, mannose and arabinose, as well as N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyl galactosamine. The extracts may be treated with pronase, DNAse, RNAse and proteases to remove unassociated nucleic acids, ribonucleic acids and proteins. The extracts may also undergo treatment to effect cleavage of specific glycosidic linkages, the linkages being defined by their susceptibility to cleavage by amylase, amyloglucosidase, cellulase or neuraminidase. Chlorella extracts may be administered to a mammal to increase proliferation of splenocytes and increase production of cytokines such as IL-6, IL-10, INF-.gamma. and TNF-.alpha.. They may be used as a supplement to a vaccination regimen.
In the follow-up of the patient, no application was made other than clinical protocols. Anxiety scale was filled preoperatively, and anxiety level was evaluated again 25 minutes later. Pain level was evaluated in the postoperative period. Pain levels were evaluated again at the end of the same period with the experimental group without any intervention.
Dietary sodium restriction is a common therapeutic intervention in the management of patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure. This is despite limited supportive data and inconsistent society guidelines.1-3 Randomized clinical trial data has shown that dietary sodium restriction in patients hospitalized with heart failure was not associated with differences in weight, clinical congestion, time to clinical stability but was associated with increased thirst.4 Numerous studies demonstrate that sodium restriction is associated with increased Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) activation as well as increases in inflammatory markers.5,6 These findings challenge of the role of sodium restriction in hospital management of heart failure and have lead to trials that consider a therapeutic role of providing sodium to patients with acute heart failure for its effect in attenuating neurohormonal activation during aggressive diuresis. A central example is the SMAC-HF study from Italy, which showed that in 1771 patients with acute New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV heart failure, the addition of hypertonic saline (150ml of 1.4%-4.6% NaCl twice a day in addition to diet liberalization led to statistically significant increased urine output and weight loss in addition to reductions in creatinine, length of stay, mortality and readmissions.7 These findings are controversial but similarly favorable results with the use of hypertonic saline in aiding diuresis have been seen in Japan with improved diuresis with continuous hypertonic saline infusions.8 Despite these results, use of sodium chloride supplementation in acute heart failure remains limited. This may be because the practice challenges ingrained clinical practice, but a more likely reason is that the manner of sodium chloride delivery in these trials (hypertonic saline) is often reserved for the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting and central venous access for delivery. While small volumes of hypertonic saline are likely safe to be administered in a non-ICU setting, the results would be more broadly applicable and utilized if the manner of sodium supplementation did not require intensive monitoring or central venous access, ie oral supplementation. Therefore, the purpose of the "Oral Sodium to Preserve Renal EfficiencY in Acute Heart Failure" (OSPREY-AHF) is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral sodium chloride supplementation compared to placebo in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. While the investigators are specifically interested in sodium chloride and its hypothesized role in attenuating a neurohormonally mediated diuretic resistance commonly seen in patients requiring high dose diuretic therapy, the investigators also intend that by focusing on oral sodium chloride supplementation the investigators may clarify the role of dietary sodium restriction in hospitalized patients with acute heart failure.
Cigarette (henceforth nicotine) addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder and remains the leading preventable cause of death and disability in the US, costing nearly $200 billion each year. Although \~20% of adults in the USA currently smoke, the majority want to quit. In spite of the breadth of research focused on improving health outcomes and reducing the societal burden caused by nicotine addiction, the majority of smokers who attempt to quit will relapse. Nicotine withdrawal-related disturbances in executive function, negative affect and reward processes compel a smoker to self-administer nicotine-each in turn representing the loss of control to remain abstinent and risk factors for relapse. Thus, identifying the effects of nicotine addiction on mechanisms of self-regulation, and the value of novel medications for remediating dysregulated behavior are both needed in order to enhance interventions for treating nicotine addiction. The preliminary data, along with the extant literature, suggest that the maintenance of nicotine addiction is subserved by dysregulated neural function in limbic-striatal and corticostriatal neural circuitry. While VRN may be effective in treating limbic-striatal circuitry that is associated with promoting abstinence and reducing acute withdrawal; NAC may be effective in treating corticostriatal circuitry function that is associated with relapse vulnerability. Thus, the current proposal seeks to investigate two medications (VRN \& NAC), with potentially complementary effects on the two different brain circuits- limbic-striatal (VRN) and corticostriatal (NAC) circuitry-and that may therapeutically target two different phases in the recovery of nicotine addiction-the promotion of abstinence (VRN) and relapse prevention (NAC). The placebo (PBO)-controlled design in this proposal will allow the team to identify and translate between the neurobiological substrates and the neurocognitive underpinnings of the effects of VRN+NAC on smoking behavior in humans-thus, advancing the understanding of the pathophysiology of nicotine addiction.
The primary aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of an internet intervention for social phobia (i.e., the iSOFIE) by comparing it to a waitlist control group. iSOFIE was derived from a previously tested program (Furmark, Holmström, Sparthan, Carlbring, \& Andersson, 2006) and has been significantly shortened while retaining the most important elements. The second aim of the study is to track the potential changes in participants' thinking patterns. While this intervention is primarily based on the cognitive-behavioral model of SAD (Clark and Wells, 1995), and no specific Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT, Ellis \& Dryden, 1997) will be implemented, it is hypothesized that the cognitive restructuring and exposure exercises will make participants less prone to irrational thinking (as measured by the Attitude and Belief Scale-II (ABS-II, DiGiuseppe, Leaf, Exner, \& Robin, 1988). To our knowledge, no study has investigated whether an iCBT program for SAD has the potential to alter participants' irrational thinking patterns. Moreover, because this is among the first guided Internet-delivered interventions conducted in Romania, the treatment credibility of the program will be investigated. Finally, the predictive power of anxiety sensitivity for both SAD symptoms and the treatment effectiveness will be investigated.
Rest (lying down or sitting in a chair) for 30 minutes, i.e. same time duration as in experimental arm.
Single port through the transumbilical incision was made by wound retractor combined with surgical glove and then 3 trocal was inserted to the finger part of the surgical glove. Laparoscopic instrument was working through the single port and resected appendix removed through it.
Graphic warnings that include text and an image depicting a health effect of smoking will be applied on labels that cover the top half of the front and back of participants' cigarette packs each week for 4 weeks. Within the graphic warning condition, participants will be assigned to receive 1 of 4 warnings for 4 weeks. The text for these warnings was selected from the 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act and the images were proposed by the FDA.
The investigators aim to recruit approximately 40 women to allow for subject and technical drop-out, aiming for a minimum of 30 women in the final study who complete the full protocol successfully. The investigators will collaborate with the Sexual Medicine clinic to identify potential participants, as well as advertise via print (including local and regional newspapers, transport network), radio and online advertisements. Additionally, the investigators will liaise with the local Clinical Research Network (CRN) to contact potentially eligible patients via their General Practitioner (GP) surgery (via letter or text message). Potential participants who contact us via advertisements will initially be electronically sent a participant information sheet and self-report questionnaire, to be returned via email. If, following this, they are happy to take part and no obvious exclusion criteria are detected, they will be screened via telephone using a questionnaire. If eligible, they will be invited for a formal screening interview, where further questions regarding the study will be answered. After obtaining consent, a full medical and sexual history will be taken as well as a review of the diagnosis of assessment, an ECG, urinalysis to exclude pregnancy, clinical laboratory testing and completion of psychiatric and psychosexual questionnaires.

Eligible participants will then enter the Intervention phase. Participants will be randomised (1:1) to one of two intervention sequences: a single dose of Bremelanotide or matching placebo, administered subcutaneously. All participants will attend for two study visits each, during which they will undergo a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan while receiving either Bremelanotide or placebo. During the scan, participants will be presented with visual erotic stimuli in order to activate the brain, so that Bremelanotide's modulation of the melanocortin system can be measured. The participants will also be asked to use a behavioural potentiometer whilst in the scanner to rate their degree of sexual arousal. The crossover design, which allows participants to serve as their own control, will minimise inter-participant variability. Participants will also be sent a short questionnaire 24-hours after the study to assess the perceived duration of effect of Bremelanotide.

The MRI data will be processed and analysed using current best practice methods, which will include (but may not be limited to) application of the General Linear Model (GLM) for neuroimaging data. Robust methods of correcting for multiple comparisons (e.g. permutation testing) will be used for statistical analysis and thresholding of the statistical brain images. Brain activation patterns will be presented by intervention and analysed by whole-brain and region of interest (including amygdala, thalamus, posterior cingulate cortex and entorhinal region. Correlations will be explored between brain activation and behavioural data, corrected for visit order as appropriate (including Pearson and Partial Correlation testing).
Participants will meet with a therapist the first week of treatment and every-other week for a total of five appointments over eight weeks. During the second session, the therapist will help the participant make an approximately 20-minute voice tape recording of their traumatic experience which they will listen to 5-days/week. A new recording will be made with the therapist during sessions 3 and 4 also, for a total of three tapes. Participants will exercise listening to their tape at least 5-times/week outside of scheduled unit Physical Training. Participants will wear the heart rate monitor to record their exercise activity.
Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low-resource settings. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for PPH using early risk factors and rank their importance in terms of predictive ability. The dataset was obtained from an observational case-control study in northern Rwanda. Various statistical models and machine learning techniques were evaluated, including logistic regression, logistic regression with elastic-net regularisation, Random Forests, Extremely Randomised Trees, and gradient-boosted trees with XGBoost. The Random Forest model, with an average sensitivity of 80.7%, specificity of 71.3%, and a misclassification rate of 12.19%, outperformed the other models, demonstrating its potential as a reliable tool for predicting PPH. The important predictors identified in this study were haemoglobin level during labour and maternal age. However, there were differences in PPH risk factor importance in different data partitions, highlighting the need for further investigation. These findings contribute to understanding PPH risk factors, highlight the importance of considering different data partitions and implementing cross-validation in predictive modelling, and emphasise the value of identifying the appropriate prediction model for the application. Effective PPH prediction models are essential for improving maternal health outcomes on a global scale. This study provides valuable insights for healthcare providers to develop predictive models for PPH to identify high-risk women and implement targeted interventions.
BACKGROUND Fermenting bacilli producing lactic acid, including Bifidobacterium spp., are supposed to have low pathogenicity and no virulence for humans. Probiotics consisting of those fermenting bacilli can prevent and treat symptomatic gastrointestinal conditions, such as diarrhea. We use probiotics even in cancer patients, those who are immunocompromised, because a preferable effect to the intestinal commensal microbiome has been shown in a recent report. Some case reports warn of a rare risk of bloodstream infection caused by probiotics. However, complete prohibition of probiotic use in cancer patients abandons the benefits. CASE REPORT A 75-year-old Japanese woman with malignant lymphoma was treated with immune-chemotherapy regimen consisting of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP). The patient had onset of febrile neutropenia during chemotherapy and had Bifidobacterium breve bloodstream infection on day 8 after the eighth R-CHOP treatment. She had usually eaten commercial yogurt every morning. This yogurt was produced from only Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. It did not contain Bifidobacterium breve. The bloodstream infection in this case looked like it derived from her food; however, it was not associated with her habitual foods. The patient was treated with meropenem for 8 days and experienced complete remission of the bloodstream infection. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that fermenting bacilli can also be a source of bloodstream infection, not necessarily associated with probiotic strains, in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Additionally, we recommend that probiotics can alleviate alimentary tract symptoms in immunocompromised patients.
Quantification of Torque teno virus (TTV) load emerged as a marker of immunosuppression. Associations of TTV load with complications and survival after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) were controversial in published studies. In this prospective study, we aimed to identify factors influencing TTV load after allo-HCT and to determine whether the TTV load is associated with complications or outcomes. Seventy allo-HCT recipients were included. TTV DNA load was quantified in 469 plasma samples of 70 patients from Day (D) 15 before D120 after transplantation. The influence of transplant characteristics on TTV load and the associations of TTV load with viral infections, acute graft versus host disease, mortality, and relapse were analyzed. More than 80% of patients were TTV DNA positive from D30 after transplantation onwards. Median TTV load increased between D30 and D60 post-transplantation. Patients with lymphoid malignancies had higher TTV load than those with myeloid malignancies. Myeloablative conditioning was associated with higher TTV loads. Patients with no measurable residual disease at transplant had higher TTV loads. High TTV load at D90 post-transplantation was associated with lower overall survival and at D120 post-transplantation was associated with higher relapse rate. In conclusion, TTV load at time points later than D90 after allo-HCT may be useful to assess prognosis.
This prospective, single-center, open-label, investigator-sponsored clinical study seeks to investigate the outcomes of patients undergoing vitro-retinal surgery with the treatment of a dexamethasone intracanalicular insert. All patients in the treatment groups will receive a dexamethasone intracanalicular insert. There will be three experimental groups of patients, varying that time of insertion. Ten patients will receive the dexamethasone intracanalicular insert pre-operatively (1 week to 1 days prior to vitreo-retinal surgery). Ten patients will receive dexamethasone intracanalicular insert on the day of surgery. Ten patients will receive DEXTENZA insert Day 1 post-operatively. Ten patients will be prescribed standard of care ophthalmic drops, Prednisolone Acetate, and no dexamethasone insert (control group). All patients no matter what cohort will receive Gentamicin, antibiotic ophthalmic drops.
BACKGROUND: Central obesity was considered as a risk factor for falls among the older population. Waist circumference (WC), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) are considered as surrogate markers for abdominal fat deposition in increasing studies. Nevertheless, the longitudinal relationship between these indices and falls among the older population remains indistinct. This study aimed to explore the association between abdominal obesity indices and falls among older community-dwellers.
METHODS: Our study included 3501 individuals aged ≥ 65 years from the Guangzhou Falls and Health Status Tracking Cohort at baseline in 2021 and then prospectively followed up in 2022. The outcome of interest was the occurrence of falls. The Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression analysis were used to explore the associations between abdominal obesity indices and falls. Moreover, the restricted cubic spline analysis (RCS) was conducted to test the non-linear relationships between abdominal obesity indices and hazards of falls incident.
RESULTS: After a median follow-up period of 551 days, a total of 1022 participants experienced falls. The cumulative incidence rate of falls was observed to be higher among individuals with central obesity and those falling within the fourth quartile (Q4) of LAP, VAI, and CVAI. Participants with central obesity and those in Q4 of LAP, VAI, and CVAI were associated with higher risk of falls, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.422 (HR 95%CI: 1.255-1.611), 1.346 (1.176-1.541), 1.270 (1.108-1.457), 1.322 (1.154-1.514), respectively. Each 1-SD increment in WC, LAP, VAI, and CVAI was a significant increased risk of falls among participants. Subgroup analysis further revealed these results were basically stable and appeared to be significantly stronger among those females, aged 65-69 years, and with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m2. Additionally, RCS curves showed an overall upward trend in the risk of falls as the abdominal indices increased.
CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal obesity indices, as WC, LAP, VAI, and CVAI were significantly associated with falls among older community-dwellers. Reduction of abdominal obesity indices might be suggested as the strategy of falls prevention.
Participants in this arm will be instructed to complete a decolonization regimen that will involve a 5-day application of a placebo with follow up bilateral nares swab one week following completion of therapy (\~D12) to assess clearance. If follow up swabs are positive for MRSA, patients will be given a second course of the same agent (placebo) to begin one week following swab collection (\~D19-23) so that up to two decolonization attempts will be made. A final set of bilateral nares swabs will be obtained from all subjects six weeks from the completion of initial treatment (\~D47).