anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Gasless transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy (GTET) and endoscopic thyroidectomy via the areola approach (ETA) have emerged as minimally invasive surgical techniques for managing papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This study aimed to assess the surgical efficacy of endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) as compared to conventional open thyroidectomy (COT) in PTC patients.
METHODS: Between 2020 and 2022, 571 PTC patients underwent unilateral thyroidectomy accompanied by ipsilateral central lymph node dissection. This cohort comprised 72 patients who underwent GTET, 105 ETA, and 394 COT. The analysis encompassed a comprehensive examination of patient clinicopathologic characteristics and postoperative complaints. Furthermore, the learning curve of GTET was evaluated using the cumulative summation (CUSUM) method.
RESULTS: Patients in the ET group exhibited a lower mean age and a higher proportion of female individuals. Operation time in the ET group was significantly longer. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of postoperative complications among the three groups. With regard to postoperative complaints reported three months after surgery, GTET demonstrated superior alleviation of anterior chest discomfort and swallowing difficulties. Patients who underwent ET reported significantly higher cosmetic satisfaction levels. Additionally, the learning curve of GTET was 27 cases, and the operation time during the mature phase of the learning curve exhibited a significant reduction when compared to ETA.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study affirm the safety and feasibility of employing GTET and ETA for the surgical management of PTC. GTET presents an attractive surgical option, particularly for patients with unilateral PTC who place a premium on cosmetic outcomes.
SpinoCerebellar Ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is an inherited disorder caused by CAG triplet repeats encoding polyglutamine expansion in the ATXN7 protein, which is part of the transcriptional coactivator complex SAGA. The mutation primarily causes neurodegeneration in the cerebellum and retina, as well as several forebrain structures. The SCA7140Q/5Q knock-in mouse model recapitulates key disease features, including loss of vision and motor performance. To characterize the temporal progression of brain degeneration of this model, we performed a longitudinal study spanning from early to late symptomatic stages using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and in vivo 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Compared to wild-type mouse littermates, MRI analysis of SCA7 mice shows progressive atrophy of defined brain structures, with the striatum, thalamus and cortex being the first and most severely affected. The volume loss of these structures coincided with increased motor impairments in SCA7 mice, suggesting an alteration of the sensory-motor network, as observed in SCA7 patients. MRI also reveals atrophy of the hippocampus and anterior commissure at mid-symptomatic stage and the midbrain and brain stem at late stage. 1H-MRS of hippocampus, a brain region previously shown to be dysfunctional in patients, reveals early and progressive metabolic alterations in SCA7 mice. Interestingly, abnormal glutamine accumulation precedes the hippocampal atrophy and the reduction in myo-inositol and total N-acetyl-aspartate concentrations, two markers of glial and neuronal damage, respectively. Together, our results indicate that non-cerebellar alterations and glial and neuronal metabolic impairments may play a crucial role in the development of SCA7 mouse pathology, particularly at early stages of the disease. Degenerative features of forebrain structures in SCA7 mice correspond to current observations made in patients. Our study thus provides potential biomarkers that could be used for the evaluation of future therapeutic trials using the SCA7140Q/5Q model.
The main purpose of this study was to construct two nomograms to predict all-cause mortality (ACM) and cause-specific mortality (CSM) in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients after transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBTs). We selected NMIBC patients who underwent TURBT between 2004 and 2017 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The patients were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 7:3. The independent influencing factors of ACM and CSM in the training set were determined by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. We then integrated those independent influencing factors to construct nomograms. These prediction nomograms were further verified in the validation set. The C-index, calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) curve were used to evaluate the identification, calibration, predictive ability and clinical effectiveness of the nomograms. A total of 28,086 cases were ultimately included in this study, which were divided into a training set (19,661 individuals) and a validation set (8425 individuals). Nine variables, including age at diagnosis, race, marital status, tumor grade, T stage, tumor size, number of tumors, and primary site, were obtained via multivariate Cox regression of the training set and used to construct two nomograms prediction model. The C-index values for the ACM nomogram were 0.743 and 0.741 for the training and validation sets, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding values of the C-index for the CSM nomogram were 0.785 and 0.786, respectively. The ROC curves, calibration curves, and DCA curves showed good predictive performance. The nomograms can assist clinicians in identifying high-risk populations and devising more individualized treatment strategies for NMIBC patients.
There are 3 cohorts for the dose escalation study. Six subjects each cohort will receive oral administration of HL-085 capsules at three daily dose levels (12 mg, 18 mg and 24 mg). Three subjects of each cohort will receive TID and 3 subjects will receive BID dose regimen. Dose escalation can occur after 6 patients have completed 28 days of treatment and no or 1 DLT is identified.
INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis, one of the current Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) affects over 230 million people globally, with nearly 700 million at risk in more than 74 countries. Praziquantel (PZQ) has served as the primary treatment for the past four decades; however, its effectiveness is limited as it solely eliminates adult worms. In regions where infections are frequent, PZQ exhibits only temporary efficacy and has restricted potential to disrupt the prolonged transmission of the disease.
AREAS COVERED: A comprehensive exploration using the PubMed database was conducted to review current pharmacotherapy approaches for schistosomiasis. This review also encompasses recent research findings related to potential novel therapeutics and the repurposing of existing drugs.
EXPERT OPINION: Current schistosoma treatment strategies, primarily relying on PZQ, face challenges like temporary effectiveness and limited impact on disease transmission. Drug repurposing, due to economic constraints, is decisive for NTDs. Despite PZQ's efficacy, its failure to prevent reinfection highlights the need for complementary strategies, especially in regions with persistent environmental foci. Integrating therapies against diverse schistosome stages boosts efficacy and impedes resistance. Uncovering novel agents is essential to address resistance concerns in tackling this neglected tropical disease. Integrated strategies present a comprehensive approach to navigate the complex challenges.
The patient should be treated stable during the observation period with vitamin-k-antagonists (at least one prescription per half-year). The patient should be not been around on other anticoagulants during the observation period. This means that no prescriptions of novel anticoagulants and not more than 30 days should be observable prescriptions of low molecular weight heparins/Clopidogrel per year.
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease with huge negative impact on the quality of life of the patients, and has an overall prevalence of 2% to 3% in the general population. Plaques psoriasis is the most common type of the disease and presents red, well demarcated, and silvery plaques mainly localized in the umbilical and lumbosacral area as well as in the elbows, knees, and scalp. The major histological features of psoriasis include epidermal hyperplasia with aberrant keratinocyte differentiation, pronounced inflammatory cell infiltration and increased vascularization. Currently, pharmacological treatments such as retinoids, corticosteroids, and vitamin D analogs remain the main options for most psoriasis patients. However, the efficacy of conventional drugs is limited because of adverse side effects and the development of pharmacoresistance. Recently, biologics have become available for the treatment of acute and subacute plaque psoriasis with excellent response rate. However, the high costs involved with the biologics have barred many ordinary psoriasis patients from benefiting from this new class of anti-psoriatic medication.

Natural products are valuable sources in novel drug development. Shuiniujiao Dihuang Decoction with Variation (SDD) is an empirical formula of the Principal Investigator (Prof. Zhi-Xiu Lin), a highly experienced Registered Chinese Medicine Practitioner and Chinese medicine dermatologist working at the School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. SDD has been prescribed in clinic in Hong Kong for many years and observed to be effective in relieving psoriasis patients' clinical manifestations. SDD contains 23 Chinese herbal medicines, including Rehmanniae Radix (Dihuang), Bubali Cornu (Shuiniujiao), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishao), Moutan Cortex (Mudanpi), Scrophulariae Radix (Xuanshen), Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), etc. The formula is composed of herbal medicines that can eliminate pathogenic heat, expel blood stasis and dampness, nourish yin, and have antipruritic effect.

A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the efficacy of SSD on psoriasis patients. Clinical evidence for the anti-psoriatic effects of SSD is a necessary step towards developing this Chinese medicine formula into an anti-psoriatic pharmaceutical agent.
Participants randomized to this arm for the double-blind period will receive satralizumab monotherapy. The double-blind period for the participant ends either when the participant experiences a Clinical Endpoint Committee (CEC) confirmed protocol-defined relapse, the total number of CEC confirmed protocol-defined relapses reaches 44, or 1.5 years after the last patient was randomized. In the open-label extension period, the participant will receive satralizumab SC injection at Weeks 0, 2, and 4, and Q4W thereafter, up to the end of the study.
OBJECTIVE: To identify current strategies used by first-year university students to lose weight, maintain weight, or change their body shape.
METHODS: First-year university students (n = 661) completed an open-ended, web-based survey. Cross-sectional data were analyzed qualitatively using a reflexive thematic approach to identify strategies used to lose weight, maintain weight, or alter body shape/composition. Thematic maps were constructed for each weight- and shape-related goal.
RESULTS: Four main types of strategies were used to achieve all three weight or shape-related goals among first-year college students: changes in diet, changes in exercise, self-monitoring, and disordered eating. One behavioral strategy observed across all weight-related goals was prioritizing protein consumption, including protein gained from supplementation. However, there were also differences in strategies by weight- or shape-related goal. For example, only participants aiming to lose or maintain weight reported mindful strategies for monitoring diet. Individuals aiming to alter body composition reported heterogeneity in goal-related intentions, targeting specific body parts through exercise, and extensive supplement use.
CONCLUSIONS: First-year college students use a variety of strategies to manage their weight and shape. Some strategies were observed across goals, whereas others are specific to the weight- or shape-related goal. More research is needed to understand the impacts, both positive and negative, of using the strategies identified in the present study.
Treatment of anal fistulas, especially involving signiﬁcant anal sphincters, continues to represent a challenge for surgeons. Surgery has been the mainstay of treatment, and the ideal goal of anal fistula treatment is to obliterate the fistulous tract, while preserving the anal sphincter and avoiding fecal incontinence. The anal fistula plug is a sphincter-sparing procedure that uses biological substances to close an anorectal fistula. Several studies have preliminarily shown that the anal fistula plug had advantages of simple and repeatable application, preservation of sphincter integrity, minimal patient discomfort, and subsequent surgical options if needed. The healing rate of anal fistula plug varied widely, which range from 14% to 88%, and no significant effect on anal function in the short term. Therefore, long-term observation and a large sample size are needed to evaluate the long-term healing rate of an anal fistula plug, and the effect on anal function. The aim of this study is to assess the long-term therapeutic effect of an anal fistula plug in patients with trans-sphincteric fistula-in-ano, as well as the impact on anal function.
The main study phase was planned to begin in January, 2016 through December, 2017, for a total of two years. Patients during the main study phase will have received one or more study interventions as applicable. However, because we could not continue our project in 2017, we changed after period. We included implementation period (2015) in after period. Therefore, final after period begins in January 2015 to December 2016.
The active ingredient in PRILOSEC (omeprazole magnesium) for delayed-release oral suspension, is 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole, magnesium salt (2:1). 

Omeprazole magnesium is a white to off white powder with a melting point with degradation at 200°C. The salt is slightly soluble (0.25 mg/mL) in water at 25°C, and it is soluble in methanol. The half-life is highly pH dependent. 

The empirical formula for omeprazole magnesium is (C17H18N3O3S)2 Mg, the molecular weight is 713.12 and the structural formula is:

Each packet of PRILOSEC for delayed-release oral suspension contains either 2.5 mg or 10 mg of omeprazole (equivalent to 2.8 mg or 11.2 mg of omeprazole magnesium trihydrate), in the form of enteric-coated granules with the following inactive ingredients: glyceryl monostearate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid copolymer C, polysorbate, sugar spheres, talc, and triethyl citrate, and also inactive granules. The inactive granules are composed of the following ingredients: citric acid, crospovidone, dextrose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, iron oxide and xanthan gum. The omeprazole granules and inactive granules are constituted with water to form a suspension and are given by oral, nasogastric, or direct gastric administration.
With advances in artificial intelligence, machine learning (ML) has been widely applied to predict functional outcomes in clinical medicine. However, there has been no attempt to predict walking ability after spinal cord injury (SCI) based on ML. In this situation, the main purpose of this study was to predict gait recovery after SCI at discharge from an acute rehabilitation facility using various ML algorithms. In addition, we explored important variables that were related to the prognosis. Finally, we attempted to suggest an ML-based decision support system (DSS) for predicting gait recovery after SCI. Data were collected retrospectively from patients with SCI admitted to an acute rehabilitation facility between June 2008 to December 2021. Linear regression analysis and ML algorithms (random forest [RF], decision tree [DT], and support vector machine) were used to predict the functional ambulation category at the time of discharge (FAC_DC) in patients with traumatic or non-traumatic SCI (n = 353). The independent variables were age, sex, duration of acute care and rehabilitation, comorbidities, neurological information entered into the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI worksheet, and somatosensory-evoked potentials at the time of admission to the acute rehabilitation facility. In addition, the importance of variables and DT-based DSS for FAC_DC was analyzed. As a result, RF and DT accurately predicted the FAC_DC measured by the root mean squared error. The root mean squared error of RF and the DT were 1.09 and 1.24 for all participants, 1.20 and 1.06 for those with trauma, and 1.12 and 1.03 for those with non-trauma, respectively. In the analysis of important variables, the initial FAC was found to be the most influential factor in all groups. In addition, we could provide a simple DSS based on strong predictors such as the initial FAC, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grades, and neurological level of injury. In conclusion, we provide that ML can accurately predict gait recovery after SCI for the first time. By focusing on important variables and DSS, we can guide early prognosis and establish personalized rehabilitation strategies in acute rehabilitation hospitals.
The present invention describes the production of interferon-τ proteins and polypeptides derived therefrom. The antiviral and anticellular proliferation properties of these proteins and polypeptides are disclosed. One advantage of the proteins of the present invention is that they do not have cytotoxic side-effects when used to treat cells. Structure/function relationships for the interferon-τ protein are also described. In one aspect, the invention includes ovine interferon-τ. In another aspect the invention includes multiple forms of human interferon-τ.
LC + LCBDE was performed in a routine fashion by one fulltime faculty member (SJR) with fellowship training in laparoscopy. Cholangiograms were obtained fluoroscopically using the same make and model fluoroscope (OEC Diasonics 9400) as used in ERCP by antegrade contrast flushing through the cystic duct. All fluoroscopy was performed by the principal author (SJR) in the presence of and concurrence with the ERCP endoscopist (JPC). When stones were detected or suspected by cholangiography, transcystic exploration was undertaken by balloon or basket with associated balloon dilation of the sphincter of Oddi A completion cholangiogram was obtained to confirm that all stones were removed. Once the LCBDE was completed, the cystic duct was ligated and the gallbladder removed.
PURPOSE:To provide an immunological function promoting agent for oral and transcutaneous administration, containing Bordetella pertussis LPS, having high immunological function activation capability and high chemotherapeutic index and producible at a low cost. CONSTITUTION:The objective agent contains Bordetella pertussis LPS preferably having a molecular weight of 6000+ or -1000 and 9000+ or -1000 (determined by SDS electrophoresis) and containing 5 P atoms, 16+ or -2 hexosamine groups, 5 fatty acid groups and 2+ or -1 KDO based on 8,000 molecular weight. The immunological function is e.g. macrophage-activation property, especially endogenous TNF- production promoting property. The immunological function promoting activity can be further improved by the combined use of an agent for suppressing the production of prostaglandin (e.g. indomethacin).
Brain oxygen deprivation causes morphological damage involved in the formation of serious pathological conditions such as stroke and cerebral palsy. Therapeutic methods for post-hypoxia/anoxia injuries are limited and still have deficiencies in terms of safety and efficacy. Recently, clinical studies of stroke have reported the use of drugs containing riboflavin for post-injury clinical rehabilitation, however, the effects of vitamin B2 on exposure to cerebral oxygen deprivation are not completely elucidated. This review aimed to investigate the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of riboflavin in cerebral hypoxia/anoxia. After a systematic search, 21 articles were selected, 8 preclinical and 12 clinical studies, and 1 translational study. Most preclinical studies used B2 alone in models of hypoxia in rodents, with doses of 1-20 mg/kg (in vivo) and 0.5-5 µM (in vitro). Together, these works suggested greater regulation of lipid peroxidation and apoptosis and an increase in neurotrophins, locomotion, and cognition after treatment. In contrast, several human studies have administered riboflavin (5 mg) in combination with other Krebs cycle metabolites, except one study, which used only B2 (20 mg). A reduction in lactic acidosis and recovery of sensorimotor functions was observed in children after treatment with B2, while adults and the elderly showed a reduction in infarct volume and cognitive rehabilitation. Based on findings from preclinical and clinical studies, we conclude that the use of riboflavin alone or in combination acts beneficially in correcting the underlying brain damage caused by hypoxia/anoxia and its inflammatory, oxidative, and behavioral impairments.
Healthy aging has emerged as a crucial issue with the increase in the geriatric population worldwide. Food-derived sulfur-containing amino acid ergothioneine (ERGO) is a potential dietary supplement, which exhibits various beneficial effects in experimental animals although the preventive effects of ERGO on aging and/or age-related impairments such as frailty and cognitive impairment are unclear. We investigated the effects of daily oral supplementation of ERGO dissolved in drinking water on lifespan, frailty, and cognitive impairment in male mice from 7 weeks of age to the end of their lives. Ingestion of 4 ~ 5 mg/kg/day of ERGO remarkably extended the lifespan of male mice. The longevity effect of ERGO was further supported by increase in life and non-frailty spans of Caenorhabditis elegans in the presence of ERGO. Compared with the control group, the ERGO group showed significantly lower age-related declines in weight, fat mass, and average and maximum movement velocities at 88 weeks of age. This was compatible with dramatical suppression by ERGO of the age-related increments in plasma biomarkers (BMs) such as the chemokine ligand 9, creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, urea, asymmetric dimethylarginine, quinolinic acid, and kynurenine. The oral intake of ERGO also rescued age-related impairments in learning and memory ability, which might be associated with suppression of the age-related decline in hippocampal neurogenesis and TDP43 protein aggregation and promotion of microglial shift to the M2 phenotype by ERGO ingestion. Ingestion of ERGO may promote longevity and healthy aging in male mice, possibly through multiple biological mechanisms.
Since the issuance of the emergency use authorization (EUA) of 3 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, there have been over 180 million individuals fully vaccinated in the United States (US). With the increasing administration of COVID-19 vaccinations, there have been over 550,000 adverse events reported in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) with approximately 230,000 experienced after receipt of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine as of September 23rd 2021. Audio-vestibular symptoms (including Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL)) secondary to immunizations has previously been evaluated. However, this report describes the first case of bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss potentially due to the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. We further review the available literature regarding the treatment of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss, and the association of SSNHL with previous immunizations and COVID-19 infection. Lastly, we hypothesize the underlying potential mechanisms between SSNHL and the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.