anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of bupropion was characterized in 2 single-dose studies, one in patients with alcoholic liver disease and one in patients with mild-to-severe cirrhosis. The first study showed that the half-life of hydroxybupropion was significantly longer in 8 patients with alcoholic liver disease than in 8 healthy volunteers (32 ± 14 hours versus 21 ± 5 hours, respectively). Although not statistically significant, the AUCs for bupropion and hydroxybupropion were more variable and tended to be greater (by 53% to 57%) in volunteers with alcoholic liver disease. The differences in half-life for bupropion and the other metabolites in the 2 patient groups were minimal.

The second study showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of bupropion and its active metabolites in 9 patients with mild to moderate hepatic cirrhosis compared to 8 healthy volunteers. However, more variability was observed in some of the pharmacokinetic parameters for bupropion (AUC, Cmax, and Tmax) and its active metabolites (t1/2) in patients with mild to moderate hepatic cirrhosis. In addition, in patients with severe hepatic cirrhosis, the bupropion Cmax and AUC were substantially increased (mean difference: by approximately 70% and 3-fold, respectively) and more variable when compared to values in healthy volunteers; the mean bupropion half-life was also longer (29 hours in patients with severe hepatic cirrhosis vs. 19 hours in healthy subjects). For the metabolite hydroxybupropion, the mean Cmax was approximately 69% lower. For the combined amino-alcohol isomers threohydrobupropion and erythrohydrobupropion, the mean Cmax was approximately 31% lower. The mean AUC increased by about 11/2-fold for hydroxybupropion and about 21/2-fold for threo/erythrohydrobupropion. The median Tmax was observed 19 hours later for hydroxybupropion and 31 hours later for threo/erythrohydrobupropion. The mean half-lives for hydroxybupropion and threo/erythrohydrobupropion were increased 5- and 2-fold, respectively, in patients with severe hepatic cirrhosis compared to healthy volunteers (see WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS, and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Patients receive irinotecan hydrochloride as in group 1. They also receive oxaliplatin and capecitabine as in group 1 but at lower doses.
Disclosed are an arteannuin cyclodextrin conjugate and a preparing method thereof. The present invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical synthesis. The arteannuin cyclodextrin conjugate in the present invention uses cyclodextrin as a carrier, and molecules of an arteannuin compound are connected by using an amido bond formed between a carboxyl group of the molecules of the arteannuin compound and an amido group of the cyclodextrin modified by the amido group. Compared with arteannuin and dihydroartemisinin, the arteannuin cyclodextrin conjugate in the present invention has more hydrophilic active groups, and has good biocompatibility, better water solubility and high bioavailability. In another aspect, the arteannuin cyclodextrin conjugate in the present invention has anticancer target feature, and specifically for colorectal cancer cells, the arteannuin cyclodextrin conjugate can effectively enter the body of a patient, gather around target cancer cells at a top priority, and selectively induce rectum cancer cells of a human body to die, thereby improving pharmacodynamic effects and reducing toxic or side effects. The method for preparing the arteannuin cyclodextrin conjugate in the present invention features simple operations, easy availability of materials and moderate reaction conditions, and can be used for manufacturing a great amount of the arteannuin cyclodextrin conjugate.
A hair dye composition comprising a component (A), which is a specified long-chain acyl sulfonic acid salt anionic surfactant, in an amount of 0.1 to 10.0 wt. %; a component (B), which is an aliphatic alcohol, in an amount of 0.25 to 25.0 wt. %; and a component (C), which is an acid dye and/or a natural dyestuff. The hair dye composition is stable even in a strongly acidic region (pH 1.5 to 4.5) where it exerts a dyeing effect. It has an appropriate viscosity and provides excellent sensation upon use. Furthermore, the composition can be easily rinsed off after use thereof.
Perifosine 100 mg/d x 28 days Oral daily dose of perifosine 100 mg and oral daily dose of imatinib mesylate (current dose at time of progression of disease \[PD\] without interruption). Both drugs will be taken on a continuous basis and should be taken with food. Each cycle will be defined as 28 days.
The Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices are temporary devices that enable complete and immediate cardiopulmonary support in settings of cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock. The different MCS devices differ in their operating principles and generate different systemic flow patterns (pulsatile vs non- pulsatile, flow volumes, Peak flow rates, and PI). Researchers have studied different MCS devices like VA Extra Corporeal Mebrane Oxygenation(ECMO), left ventricular assist device (LVAD), and Impella and their effect on cerebral flow and complication profiles using various neuromonitoring techniques including TCD . Most such studies were small single-center studies that added to the understanding of different flow rates and characteristics with different MCS devices but were not adequately powered or designed to establish normative values of TCD derived CBF measures in this special population. There is a dire need to establish normative values for each type of MCS device and explore the relationship between the MCS device's systemic flow dynamics and TCD derived cerebral flow. These normative values then can be used to assess the association of TCD derived CBF patterns with occurrence of neurological complications related to abnormal CBF in patients receiving MCS devices and advice on patient specific MCS parameters titrated using TCD derived parameters. Having target flow rates in MCS patients will help avoid both hypoperfusion as well as the possibility of hyperemia reperfusion injury contributing to neurological morbidity. Such data collection is only possible with multi-center collaboration given the small volume of patients with MCS patients in each center.
BACKGROUND: Hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable death in trauma. Accurately predicting a patient's blood transfusion requirement is essential but can be difficult. Machine learning (ML) is a field of artificial intelligence that is emerging within medicine for accurate prediction modeling. This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate all ML models that predict blood transfusion in trauma.
METHODS: This systematic review was registered on the International Prospective register of Systematic Reviews (CRD4202237110). MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched. Publications reporting an ML model that predicted blood transfusion in injured adult patients were included. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed using validated frameworks. Data were synthesized narratively because of significant heterogeneity.
RESULTS: Twenty-five ML models for blood transfusion prediction in trauma were identified. Models incorporated diverse predictors and varied ML methodologies. Predictive performance was variable, but eight models achieved excellent discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, >0.9) and nine models achieved good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, >0.8) in internal validation. Only two models reported measures of calibration. Four models have been externally validated in prospective cohorts: the Bleeding Risk Index, Compensatory Reserve Index, the Marsden model, and the Mina model. All studies were considered at high risk of bias often because of retrospective data sets, small sample size, and lack of external validation.
DISCUSSION: This review identified 25 ML models developed to predict blood transfusion requirement after injury. Seventeen ML models demonstrated good to excellent performance in silico, but only four models were externally validated. To date, ML models demonstrate the potential for early and individualized blood transfusion prediction, but further research is critically required to narrow the gap between ML model development and clinical application.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Systematic Review Without Meta-analysis; Level IV.
Participants will receive Real TUS using a 2 channel transducer with parameters' of sonication being 120s train of 20ms ultrasound bursts, repeated every 200ms (Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)=5Hz). The Power of Real tbFUS will be set at 20W. This will be followed by motor point stimulation (MPS) of the right and left hand and forearm muscles i.e. Opponens Pollicis Brevis (OPB), 1st Lumbrical and First Dorsal Interosseous (FDI) muscles triggered in congruence with the voluntary effort of the participant during execution of bilateral functional tasks involving the use of two and three finger pinch grip (e.g.: picking up and moving marbles, ball bearings etc.). Parameters of stimulation will be 40 Hz frequency, 300 microsecs pulse duration, amplitude as per participant tolerance and total stimulation time 30 mins with "ON" time of 4 secs and "OFF" time of 4 secs.
BACKGROUND: Minimal change disease (MCD) is a common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome. Most adults with MCD achieve complete remission (CR) after initial steroid therapy. However, approximately 30% of adults who respond to steroids experience frequent relapses, becoming steroid-dependent and potentially developing refractory MCD. Treating refractory MCD in adults poses a significant challenge.
MAIN BODY: A 37-year-old woman presented to the nephrology department with a 6-year history of MCD. The diagnosis of MCD was confirmed via renal biopsy. She initially achieved CR with steroid treatment but experienced relapse during steroid tapering. Subsequent CR was achieved with a regimen of steroids and tacrolimus although multiple relapses occurred. Rituximab led to another CR, but its maintenance lasted only 6 months. The response to subsequent rituximab treatments was unsatisfactory. Ultimately, obinutuzumab was selected, resulting in the induction and maintenance of CR for 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates the successful treatment of frequently relapsed, steroid-dependent, and rituximab-resistant MCD with obinutuzumab. Obinutuzumab is a promising therapeutic option for rituximab-resistant MCD.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a hair dye composition capable of improving the permeability of a dye into hair and providing a good dyeing power with a smaller amount than that of a conventional dye by making a multiple agent type hair dye generate heat at the time of mixing for use. SOLUTION: This composition is obtained by making a multiple agent type hair dye generate heat at the time of mixing for use. An oxidation-reduction reaction, a dissolving reaction and a neutralizing reaction are cited as the principle in generation of heat and the energy released during the respective reactions becomes a heat source. An environment so as to initiate the respective reactions just before application may be created for utilizing the respective reactions. That is, the utilization of the reactions is achieved by mixing an oxidizing agent with a reducing agent, an organic solvent and water or an acid and a base separated and stored in the multiple agent type just before the use.  For example, a combination of sodium (pyro)sulfite used as the reducing agent, hydrogen peroxide used as the oxidizing agent, a combination of sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide used as the base and hydrochloric acid used as the acid, etc., are preferably adopted.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of the embrace device after repair of linear cutaneous surgery wounds improves scar cosmesis. We will use a split wound model, half of the wound is treated with the embrace device and the other half is not treated. Three-months post-surgery, the scar will be measured via the physician observer scar assessment scale, a validated scar instrument. The scar width and adverse events will also be recorded.

Following the surgical repair of cutaneous wounds, scar formation is inevitable and results in varying degrees of aesthetic and/or functional impairment. Numerous treatment modalities have been employed to treat scars. Carbon dioxide and pulse dye lasers, as well as dermabrasion can reduce erythema and irregular topology of the scar surface1,2. Silicone-based products have also been used to treat post-surgical scars, including gels, sheets, and tape3-5. Intralesional steroids are often injected into to induce flattening of a scar6. More recent research has highlighted the impact of mechanical forces and tension on scar formation. In one report, incisions in both pigs and humans were treated with a tension-shielding device and showed a reduction in scarring7. More recently two clinical trials have been published in the plastic surgery literature showing that the use of the embrace device, a silicone-based dressing designed to minimize wound tension, is effective in improving the aesthetic outcome following scar revision surgery8,9. While these initial studies of the embrace device have promising findings, there are significant drawbacks to both studies including small study population, inclusion of patients seeking scar revision (a select group likely predisposed to poor scar cosmesis and not representative of first-time surgical patients), investigator conflict of interest, and the use of a digital software-based scar assessment tool using patients photos that were not standardized with respect to lighting or distance. Therefore, larger studies in first-time surgical patients with standardized photos for scar assessment are required to validate this potentially promising device for improved scar cosmesis.
PURPOSE: People who seek more care for low back pain (LBP) tend to experience poorer recovery (e.g. higher pain and disability levels). Understanding the factors associated with care-seeking for LBP might improve patient outcomes and potentially alleviate the burden of LBP on global health systems. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different intensities, volumes, and domains of physical activity and care-seeking behaviours, in people with a history of LBP.
METHODS: Longitudinal data from adult twins were drawn from the AUstralian Twin BACK study. The primary outcome was the total self-reported frequency (counts) of overall utilisation of care for LBP, over 1 year. Secondary outcomes were the utilisation of health services, and the utilisation of self-management strategies, for LBP (assessed as total frequency over 1 year). Explanatory variables were device-based measures of sedentary behaviour and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, and self-reported physical workload, and work, transport, household, and leisure domain physical activity, at baseline.
RESULTS: Data from 340 individuals were included. Median age was 56.4 years (IQR 44.9-62.3 years) and 73% of participants were female. Medium-to-high baseline volumes of sedentary behaviour were significantly associated with greater counts of overall care utilisation (IRR 1.60, 95%CI 1.04-2.44) and utilisation of self-management strategies (IRR 1.60, 95%CI 1.02-2.50) for LBP, over 1 year. Medium-to-high baseline volumes of household domain physical activity were significantly associated with greater counts of utilising self-management strategies for LBP over 1 year (IRR 1.62, 95%CI 1.04-2.53). No explanatory variables were associated with the utilisation of health services for LBP.
CONCLUSION: People who engage in higher baseline volumes of sedentary behaviour or physical activity in the household setting (e.g. housework, gardening, yard work, general household maintenance) utilise 1.6 times more care for LBP over 1 year. Findings suggest that higher volumes of these behaviours may be harmful for LBP. No intensities, volumes, or domains of physical activity demonstrated clear benefits for LBP. Where feasible, patients and clinicians should collaborate to screen and develop strategies to reduce engagement in sedentary behaviour or physical activity in the household setting. Contextual factors (e.g. patient symptom severity, sociocultural roles, occupational demands) should be considered when devising appropriate behaviour change strategies.
BACKGROUND: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a pediatric systemic vasculitis characterized by endothelial cell dysfunction. Semaphorin 7A (Sema7A) has been reported to regulate endothelial phenotypes associated with cardiovascular diseases, while its role in KD remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the effect of Sema7A on endothelial permeability and inflammatory response in KD conditions.
METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 68 KD patients and 25 healthy children (HC). The levels of Sema7A and A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Sema7A expression in blood cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Ex vivo monocytes were used for Sema7A shedding assays. In vitro human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) were cultured in KD sera and stimulated with Sema7A, and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 of HCAECs were measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR. HCAECs monolayer permeability was measured by FITC-dextran.
RESULTS: The serum level of Sema7A was significantly higher in KD patients than in HC and correlated with disease severity. Monocytes were identified as one of the source of elevated serum Sema7A, which implicates a process of ADAM17-dependent shedding. Sera from KD patients induced upregulation of plexin C1 and integrin β1 in HCAECs compared to sera from HC. Sema7A mediated the proinflammatory cytokine production of HCAECs in an integrin β1-dependent manner, while both plexin C1 and integrin β1 contributed to Sema7A-induced HCAEC hyperpermeability.
CONCLUSIONS: Sema7A is involved in the progression of KD vasculitis by promoting endothelial permeability and inflammation through a plexin C1 and integrin β1-dependent pathway. Sema7A may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in the prognosis and treatment of KD.
BACKGROUND: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard treatment for acute large vessel occlusion (LVO). Recurrent LVO can still occur in patients who already underwent MT for the first LVO. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of repeating MT for recurrent LVO.
METHODS: This meta-analysis of the available literature was conducted to summarize the current evidence regarding repeated MT outcomes in patients with recurrent LVO. All studies with ≥ 1 outcomes of interest were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for risk of bias assessment.
RESULTS: Twenty studies, 10 observational (n = 21,251 patients) and 10 case reports (n = 10 patients), were included. 266 patients (62.78% females) with recurrent LVO were identified, with an overall prevalence of 1.6% and a mean age of 65.67 ± 16.23 years. Cardio-embolism was the most common mechanism in both times, with a median of 15 days between the first and second LVOs. Compared with pre-intervention, the first and second MTs significantly reduced the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, (mean difference (MD) = -8.91) and (MD = -5.97) respectively, with a significant difference (p = 0.001). The rate of favorable outcome (modified Rankin scale (mRS) score 0-3) was 82.6% and 59.2% after the first and second MTs respectively, with a significant difference (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: In properly selected recurrent LVO patients, repeated MT is efficacious and safe. A prior MT procedure should not discourage aggressive treatment as many patients may achieve favorable outcomes.
Application of the VAC device may significantly decrease the incidence of draining hematomas that require surgical irrigation and debridement. The aim of this project is to perform a prospective, randomized study evaluating the VAC negative pressure device as a treatment for draining hematomas. We will also analyze the cost of treating a hematoma with a VAC compared with currently employed treatments. Additionally, we will document the incidence of infection of the hematoma with and without use of the VAC device.

Patients who have a draining hematoma five days following surgery and who give informed consent to enter the study will be randomized into two groups. Group A will be patients treated with a pressure dressing and observation, which is the most common current method of treatment. Group B will be patients treated with a VAC negative pressure device. Patients will be carefully monitored for continued drainage by evaluating the wounds and dressings clinically. Patients in either group that are still draining at ten days following surgery will be taken to the operating room for irrigation and debridement. Patients in either group who develop infection will be immediately treated with irrigation and debridement.
The aim of this study was to determine whether implementing ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) elements/protocols improves outcomes in orthognathic surgery (OGS) compared to conventional care. To achieve this, ERAS-specific perioperative elements were identified and literature on ERAS for OGS was systematically reviewed. Using PRISMA methodology and GRADE approach, 44 studies with 49 perioperative care elements (13 pre-, 15 intra-, 21 postoperative) were analyzed. While 39 studies focused on single elements, only five presented multimodal protocols, with three related to ERAS. Preoperative elements included antimicrobial and steroid prophylaxis and prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Intraoperative aspects, especially anesthesiological, showed high evidence. Outcome parameters were heterogeneous: complications and postoperative pain were well-investigated with high evidence, while length of stay (LOS) and patient satisfaction received low to medium evidence. ICU LOS, healthcare costs, and readmission rates were underreported. The meta-analysis revealed significant results for pain reduction and trends towards fewer complications and shorter LOS in the ERAS group. Overall, ERAS protocols are not established in OMFS, particularly OGS. Further research is needed in pre- and postoperative care and standardized multimodal analgesia. The next step should be developing a comprehensive OGS protocol through a consensus conference and implementing it in clinical practice.