anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: The association between sleep duration and mental illness has been established in middle-aged and older populations, yet remains less explored in younger adults. Additionally, a common limitation to existing studies is the lack of statistical power to explore less common disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine sleep duration as a predictor for a range of mental disorders and well-being in a longitudinal sample of young adults.
METHODS: Data were derived from two waves (w1, w2) of the SHoT survey, which invited all full-time university and college students in Norway. The response rates were 34.4 % (n = 62,498) in 2021 (w1) and 35.1 % (n = 59,554) 2022 (w2). This study utilized a nested longitudinal sample from both w1 and w2, encompassing 21,289 students. Demographics, sleep duration (w1), and mental health (w2) were measured by self-report questionnaires. Sex-stratified linear regression models and log-link binomial regression analyses were employed to determine the proportion and calculate the risk ratios, respectively, for mental illness across different sleep duration categories.
RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 24.8 years ± 4.5 years (w1). Students with shorter sleep durations, and to some degree longer sleep durations (illustrating a ᒐ-shaped association), exhibited a higher risk for all assessed mental disorders and well-being outcomes one year later, compared to students sleeping 8-9 h. The ᒐ-shaped trend was consistent for both female and male students.
CONCLUSION: Sleep duration appears to be a transdiagnostic marker for mental health in young adults.
The invention is directed to antimicrobial peptides which correspond in sequence to selective amino acid sequences in viral transmembrane proteins. In particular, the proteins are derived from lentiviruses, primarily HIV and SIV. The peptides comprise arginine-rich sequences, which, when modeled for secondary structure, display a high amphipathicity and hydrophobic moment. They are highly inhibitory to microorganisms, while being significantly less active in regard to mammalian cells. As a result, the peptides of the invention may be defined as selective antimicrobial agents. The invention is also directed to antimicrobial peptides which are structural and functional analogs and homologs of the peptides and which exhibit selective inhibitory activity towards microorganisms. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the antimicrobial peptides of the invention and to methods for their use in inhibiting microbial growth and treatment of microbial infections.
All patients will undergo initial pupillometry evaluation with recording of the NPi in the initial evaluation in the emergency department as per standard evaluation of all trauma patients. If pupils are unequal, group assignment will be determined by lowest pupil reading. Patients with an NPi greater than 3 will be assigned to this group. Pupillometry readings will be gathered for the first 7 days of hospital admission or until discharge. 30, 60, and 90 day post-injury outcomes will be collected.
Localized prostate cancer treatment options is consistently a "highest priority" comparative effectiveness research (CER) topic according to the Institute of Medicine, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and other summary reports. Patients urgently need information on the comparative outcomes of modern treatment options to guide decision-making for this disease that causes significant burden based on its high prevalence, mortality and treatment effects on quality of life. The status quo as it pertains to prostate cancer is significant overtreatment causing potential patient harm, rapid diffusion of new/expensive technologies without proven benefit and patients lacking high quality research evidence to balance direct-to-consumer advertising and guide individualized decision-making.

NC ProCESS is a population-based cohort designed specifically to address well-described knowledge gaps. It was designed in close collaboration with the unique AHRQ consortium stakeholder group, which included representatives from patients, clinicians and policymakers. Stakeholders helped define study design to emphasize "real-world" patients and select patient-centered and relevant outcomes, and have been involved throughout assembly of this patient cohort. The diverse cohort is well-represented by "hard to reach" patients; enrollment before treatment avoids biases with participation and recall. As clinical trials are not feasible to address the central questions in prostate cancer CER, this prospective study will yield the highest level of evidence to inform patients and other stakeholders. With an assembled cohort, this study is necessary to examine comparative outcomes.
Hepatitis B is transmitted sexually, by blood contact, and vertically from mother to child. Chronic hepatitis B is often seen in immigrants from higher-prevalence countries and their Canadian-born children. We assessed the relationship between hepatitis B and social determinants of health. Included were 1,539,869 first-time Canadian blood donors from April 2005 to December 2022. All donations were tested for hepatitis B markers. Logistic regression was fit with chronic hepatitis B as the dependent variable and age, sex, year, and ethnocultural composition and material deprivation quintiles as independent variables. Chronic hepatitis B prevalence was 47.5/100,000 (95% CI 41.5-53.5, years 2017-2022). Chronic hepatitis B prevalence was elevated in males, older age groups, and those living in more materially deprived and higher ethnocultural neighbourhoods. Of 212,518 donors from 2020 to 2022 with race/ethnicity data, chronic hepatitis B prevalence was highest in East Asians. The findings are consistent with infections in immigrants, acquired in their country of origin, in their Canadian-born children and in those with other risks. As blood donors are a low-risk population unaware of their infection and unlikely to seek testing, our results highlight the ongoing public health challenges of diagnosing chronic hepatitis B and treating it when appropriate.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Severe burns lead to metabolic changes, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Omege-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory properties. In the absence of substantial evidence for use on major burns, we systematically reviewed the efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs for patients with severe burns.
METHODS: We comprehensively searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet, Wang Fang Data, Chinese Biomedicine Database, and Science Direct databases to collect randomised controlled trials of omega-3 PUFAs administered to patients with burns from January 2000 to June 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literatures, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. The outcomes were mortality, the risk of severe sepsis, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Data synthesis was conducted using Review Manager. Trial sequential analyses (TSA) for outcomes were performed.
RESULTS: Three randomised controlled trials involving 140 patients were included. Of these, 71 patients received omega-3 PUFAs. The results showed that omega-3 PUFAs significantly reduced the incidence of severe sepsis, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (RR = 0.38, 95 % CI [0.19, 0.75], P = 0.005), C-reactive protein levels (MD = -39.70[-81.63, 2.23], P = 0.06), and improved respiratory outcomes. However, there was no difference in 14-day mortality (RR = 1.10, 95%CI [0.59, 2.05], P = 0.75). TSA showed that the results for the incidence of severe sepsis, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome are insufficient and inconclusive.
CONCLUSIONS: Omega-3 PUFAs may reduce inflammatory response and risk of sepsis, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in severe burns patients and may shorten hospital stay but cannot reduce risk of death. Due to the limitation of the quantity and quality of the included studies, the evidence level is low, and the conclusions need to be verified by larger scale and higher quality randomised controlled trials.
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness affecting 76 million patients worldwide in 2020. Characterized by progressive degeneration of the optic nerve, early detection of disease deterioration with timely intervention is critical to prevent progressive loss in vision. In the 5th World Glaucoma Association Consensus Meeting, a diverse and representative group of glaucoma clinicians and scientists deliberated on the value and methods of glaucoma screening. Whereas it has been recognized that early detection of glaucoma for treatment is beneficial to preserve the quality of vision and quality of life as glaucoma treatments are often effective, easy to use and well tolerated, the optimal screening strategy for glaucoma has not yet been determined.

ROTA (Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Optical Texture Analysis) is a patented algorithm designed to detect axonal fiber bundle loss in glaucoma. Unlike conventional Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) analysis, ROTA uses non-linear transformation to reveal the optical textures and trajectories of axonal fiber bundles, allowing for intuitive and reliable recognition of RNFL abnormalities without the need for normative databases. It can be applied across different OCT models and is particularly effective at detecting focal RNFL defects in early glaucoma and varying degrees of RNFL damage in end-stage glaucoma. The proposed study will address whether the application AI on ROTA is feasible and cost-effective in the setting of glaucoma screening, and whether ROTA would outperform optic disc photography and OCT RNFL thickness assessment.
Chronic, non-cancer pain may result from injury or illness, such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, which causes suffering and a reduction in the quality of life. Opioids, such as fentanyl, are beneficial as potent pain-relieving drugs in patients with continuous pain. This is double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study to compare pain relief, and the effect on safety, functionality, and quality of life during treatment with fentanyl administered through the skin via adhesive patches ("transdermal system") with therapy with placebo in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Specifically, patients with moderate to severe pain induced by osteoarthritis and for whom treatment with traditional pain medication (according to the World Health Organization \[WHO\] pain ladder, up to and including weak opioids) has failed to provide adequate pain relief, are eligible to enroll. After screening, patients enter a 1-week Run-In period, in which prior treatment with weak opioids, with or without non-opioid pain medication, continues. After this period, patients with moderate to severe pain are randomized to the fentanyl adhesive patch or placebo during the Double-Blind (Treatment) phase for 6 weeks. All patients, including those who discontinue or withdraw from the study, enter the Tapering-Off period, during which the medication is reduced gradually. Assessments of effectiveness include: Pain relief, determined with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) by means of an electronic pain diary updated by the patient at least twice daily; functionality, assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index; and quality of life, measured by the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire. Safety assessments include identification of possible withdrawal symptoms at the end of the Tapering-Off period, measurement of vital signs at stated intervals, and incidence of adverse events throughout the study. The study hypothesis is that patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee whose pain is not adequately controlled by other pain-relieving medications will show an improvement in pain control after treatment with the fentanyl transdermal system. Fentanyl patches to deliver 25 micrograms/hour to 100 micrograms/hour, changed every 3 days, for 6 weeks; doses may be adjusted for adequate pain control; anti-nausea tablets (Metoclopramide, 10 milligrams\[mg\], and paracetamol tablets (500 mg; maximum 4 grams/day) as supplementary pain control
The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition with synergistic effect for treating ureaplasma urealyticum infection. The invention also provides the application of the pharmaceutical composition and the application of taraxasterol. A pharmaceutical composition having a synergistic effect in the treatment of ureaplasma urealyticum infection, said pharmaceutical composition consisting of taraxasterol and an estrogen drug. Taraxasterol cells were treated with a gradient of taraxasterol (2.5, 5, 12.5g/ml) for UU infection, in combination with a gradient of 17 β -estradiol at a concentration of 20-100 nM. Studies find that the taraxasterol (5g/ml) can play a good treatment effect. The pharmaceutical composition has high safety, obviously improves the drug effect when being used together, and has good medicinal prospect.
Background and Objectives: Current evidence confirms that the magnitude of the inter-rectus distance (IRD) is associated with the severity of abdominal pain. Furthermore, evidence exists in the literature about the impact abdominal muscles have on low back pain, lumbopelvic pain, breathing and lumbar abdominal strength; however, no studies analysing the level of association between abdominal diastasis and lumbar pain pressure threshold (PPT) exist. The aim of this study was to analyse the level of association between the rectus abdominis distance and pain pressure threshold in the lumbar spinous processes in women who have given birth between the ages of 30 and 45 years. Secondly, it was to study the level of association between the time elapsed since the last delivery and low back pain in women who have given birth between 30 and 45 years of age. Material and Methods: This was a pilot observational study in which 21 females participated. The abdominal diastasis was measured by ultrasound, the pain pressure threshold was assessed by an algometer and the pain perception by the Mc Gill questionnaire. Results: There was no significant relationship between increased abdominal distance and increased lumbopelvic pain in women who gave birth between the ages of 30 and 45 years. However, there was a correlation between the time that had elapsed since the last delivery and low back pain. Conclusions: there was a correlation between the time that had elapsed since the last delivery and low back pain. Further studies analysing factors that may perpetuate the chronicity of symptoms, such as lifestyle and intrinsic factors, are needed.
We aimed to examine the association between the use of specific types of dietary supplements and frailty using cross-sectional, nationally representative survey data. Adults aged ≥50 years in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018-2020 were included. We calculated a 46-item frailty index to assess frailty. In total, 27,384 older adults were included (mean age: 62.47 years; median frailty index: 0.12). Among them, 72% used at least one dietary supplement. The prevalence of dietary supplement use was higher among women than among men and in participants with higher socioeconomic status. Compared to non-users, users of dietary supplements had a healthier diet and nutrient intake, and lower levels of frailty. After adjusting for socioeconomic and dietary factors, users of vitamin C, red ginseng or calcium were found to be significantly less frail. Our findings indicate promising results concerning dietary supplement intake in managing frailty among older Korean adults.
Gross anatomy laboratories frequently utilize dissection or prosection formats within medical curricula. Practical examination scores are consistent across the formats, yet these examinations assessed larger anatomical structures. In contrast, a single report noted improved scores when prosection was used in the hand and foot regions, areas that are more difficult to dissect. The incorporation of prosected donors within "Head and Neck" laboratories provided an opportunity to further characterize the impact of prosection in a structurally complex area. Retrospective analysis of 21 Head and Neck practical examination questions was completed to compare scores among cohorts that utilized dissection exclusively or incorporated prosection. Mean scores of practical examination questions were significantly higher in the prosection cohort (84.27% ± 12.69) as compared with the dissection cohort (75.59% ± 12.27) (p < 0.001). Of the 12 questions that performed better in the prosection cohort (88.42% ± 8.21), 10 items mapped to deeper anatomical regions. By comparison, eight of nine questions in the dissection cohort outperformed (88.44% ± 3.34) the prosection cohort (71.74% ± 18.11), and mapped to anatomically superficial regions. Despite the mean score increase with positional location of the questions, this effect was not statically significant across cohorts (p = 1.000), suggesting that structure accessibility in anatomically complex regions impacts performance. Student feedback cited structure preservation (71.5%) and time savings (55.8%) as advantages to prosection; however, dissection was the perceived superior and preferred laboratory format (88.6%). These data support combined prosection and dissection formats for improving student recognition of deeply positioned structures and maximizing student success.
In clinical trials with VIVITROL, there was one diagnosed case and one suspected case of eosinophilic pneumonia. Both cases required hospitalization, and resolved after treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids. Similar cases have been reported in postmarketing use. Should a person receiving VIVITROL develop progressive dyspnea and hypoxemia, the diagnosis of eosinophilic pneumonia should be considered [see Adverse Reactions (6)]. Patients should be warned of the risk of eosinophilic pneumonia, and advised to seek medical attention should they develop symptoms of pneumonia. Clinicians should consider the possibility of eosinophilic pneumonia in patients who do not respond to antibiotics.
After initial stabilization mother and preterm infant are cared for skin-to-skin for 60 minuter. SSC is supervised by the attending neonatologist.
We propose to investigate the possible efficacy of combination daclizumab and denileukin diftitox therapy to induce peripheral immune tolerance in participants presenting with non-infectious intermediate and posterior uveitis. This will be performed using a Phase I/II pilot study. Subjects whose disease is controlled on daclizumab therapy will have their daclizumab-dosing interval progressively increased by one-week increments. If and when they experience signs or symptoms of an ocular flare, they will be treated with denileukin diftitox, 24 hours after which they will receive their usual dose of daclizumab. Participants may receive up to 12 such cycles of daclizumab/denileukin diftitox therapy. When the daclizumab-dosing interval is 10 weeks long or less than 10% of their CD4 T cell CD25 is occupied by daclizumab, therapy will be discontinued. Following discontinuation of daclizumab patients will be followed for recurrence of ocular disease. Failure to reach this study point after 12 cycles or disease recurrence following discontinuation of therapy will constitute a study failure. The primary outcome will be the ability of the participant to be successfully tapered off daclizumab while their disease remains quiet (vitreous haze less than or equal to Trace) at week 104 while receiving no concomitant systemic immunosuppressive medications.
Glucagon was discovered about a hundred years ago and its role in health and disease is under continuous investigation. Glucagon is a counter regulatory hormone secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas in response to multiple stimuli. Although some of glucagon's actions and its clinical application have been described, clinical experience with glucagon has been historically overshadowed by that of insulin. To date, the role of glucagon's actions in pharmacotherapy has been under explored. Glucagon plays a considerable role as a hormonal regulator via its known actions on the liver. The rise in obesity and diabetes mellitus prevalence is bringing focus to glucagon's known physiological roles and possible clinical applications. Six glucagon products and a glucagon analog are approved for use in the United States. Clinical pharmacology studies provide crucial support of glucagon's actions as evident from comprehensive pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics evaluations in humans. Here, we briefly describe the established physiological role of glucagon in humans and its known relationship with disease. We later summarize the clinical pharmacology of available glucagon products with different routes of administration.
The active control group will receive twice daily NPH insulin as basal insulin and bolus (prandial) insulin as regular insulin to be administered 30 minutes before meals. The administration of basal (prandial) regular insulin and food will be done as the current usual care on the hospital ward. The protocol for initial insulin dose and subsequent dose adjustment has been developed by the "Inpatient Diabetes Advisory Group" and is detailed in appendix B. The patient will receive information regarding diabetes treatments, appropriate diet and diabetic self management which will be provided by the nursing and nutritional staff.
PURPOSE:A microorganism in Saccharopolyspora is cultured to collect a novel antibiotic, which is utilized as an antibiotic for medical purposes. CONSTITUTION:A microorganism in Saccharopolyspora, capable of producing an antibiotic, ASE-9, such as Saccharopolyspora sp. ASE-9 strain (FERM-7916) is cultured. The cultivation is effected in a medium in which usual actinomycetes is cultured under aerobic conditions and the objective antibiotic, ASE-9 is collected. The culture mixture is filtered, the filtrate is subjected to chromatography. ASE-9 has following physical and chemical properties: molecular weight, 6,600; melting point, 240-242 deg.C, soluble in water, positive to ninhydrin reaction, active on gram-positive bacteria.
An expert system which provides one or more suggested treatments for a patient with physical trauma is disclosed. The system includes a computing device having a memory, a plurality of data bases in the memory, an application program and an inference engine program. The data bases include graphical illustrations of different types of physical trauma, and a knowledge base which contains treatment information. The application program is executed in the computing device and interactively displays a series of screens including at least some of the graphical illustrations, to elicit responses from the user concerning the specific type of physical trauma and specific characteristics of the patient. The inference engine program, which is also executed in the computing device, uses the knowledge base and information related to the responses elicited from the user, for selecting one or more suggested treatments. The application program presents the suggested treatments to the user after execution of the inference engine program.