anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: The overall value of hepatocellular carcinoma screening is defined by the balance of benefits and harms. Studies have only reported physical harms with none describing financial harms.
METHODS: We conducted a multicenter pragmatic randomized clinical trial of hepatocellular carcinoma screening outreach among 2872 patients with cirrhosis from March 2018 to April 2021. Patients with positive or indeterminate results and matched patients with negative results completed surveys at baseline and at follow-up measuring financial harms via Cancer Self-Administered Questionnaire and financial burden via Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy. Univariable and multivariable longitudinal regression analyses were performed to compare changes in financial harms across groups: true positive, true negative, false positive, and indeterminate. Semistructured interviews were conducted in a subset of patients, sampled by center and test result.
RESULTS: Of 311 patients who completed at least 1 follow-up survey (75% response rate), 37 had true positive, 133 true negative, 64 false positive, and 77 indeterminate results. Financial harms increased in true positive and false positive patients with no significant changes noted among those with true negative or indeterminate results. At follow-up, 21.8% of patients reported moderate-severe financial burden, which was not significantly associated with test results. Semistructured interviews revealed variation in the frequency and severity of financial harms based on test results, with increased harm in those with false positive results.
CONCLUSIONS: Financial harms of hepatocellular carcinoma screening vary by test result and can pose a barrier that must be considered when determining the optimal screening program.
Patients receive cisplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1, 8, 29, and 36 and etoposide IV over 1 hour on days 1-5 and 29-33. Patients undergo concurrent thoracic radiotherapy once daily on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, 22-26, 29-33, 36-40, and 43-47.
Erythromycin derivs. (I), as 10-15mu, particles, are suspended in water at above pH 7, a water-sol. protein is added (the protein being heat coagulable at 50-80 degrees C) and the suspension is stirred into a liq. alkane contg. 1-10% of a non-ionic surfactant, and the mixt. is emulsified and then heated with stirring to coagulate the protein, and coated particles of (I) are recovered. Tasteless form of (I), with reduced inactivation by stomach acid after ingestion, and esp. suitable for use in chewable tablets, suspensions, syrups, etc., with which good blood levels are achieved (I) are known broad-spectrum antibacterials.
PURPOSE:To obtain a dermal ointment free from oiliness when used, good in adhesivity and absorbability, thus useful as a pharmaceutical, cosmetic, etc., by incorporating active ingredient(s) in a base component comprising a mixture of acrylic and methacrylic copolymers, a lower alcohol and water. CONSTITUTION:The objective dermal ointment can be obtained by incorporating (A) a base component comprising (1) a film-forming agent, a mixture of acrylic and methacrylic copolymers (e.g. copolymers from at least two kinds of monomers selected from methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, etc.). (2) a lower alcohol such as ethanol or isopropanol, and (3) water, with (B) active ingredient(s) such as antifungal agent, anti-inflammatory agent and/or hair grower. The production process is as follows: the above-mentioned film- forming agent, when the final agent is a solution is dissolved in the lower alcohol, and the resultant solution is incorporated with the active ingredient(s) and water followed by filling in an application container. Or, said film-forming agent, when the final agent is in the form of aerosol, is put into a pressure vessel, into which a propellant is then pressed. The amount of the water to be used is pref., such as to be <=50wt.%, 5-50wt.% for solution; <=20wt.% for aerosol agent.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the outcomes of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) with those of normal vaginal birth (NVB) in a tertiary hospital in China.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 1,024 women who birthed vaginally between January 2019 and December 2020. The VBAC group (n = 512) included women with one previous cesarean, while the NVB group (n = 512) had no previous caesareans. All women used epidural analgesia. We assessed maternal and neonatal complications using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0.
RESULTS: The VBAC group had an 87.5% success rate for vaginal birth under epidural analgesia, whereas the NVB group had a 100% success rate. A primary focus of the study was uterine rupture. Vaginal birth after cesarean was associated with a higher incidence of uterine rupture (0.8% vs 0%, p = 0.031), postpartum hemorrhage (6.6% vs 3.5%, p = 0.021) and the need for blood transfusions (2.7% vs 0.8%, p = 0.012) compared with NVB. There were no substantial differences in maternal infections, wound infections or perineal lacerations between the groups. Although neonatal outcomes were generally similar, the VBAC group experienced higher rates of 5-minute Apgar scores <7 (2.3% vs 0.6%, p = 0.009) and admissions to neonatal intensive care units (3.1% vs 1.2%, p = 0.016 Even after adjusting for confounders, VBAC remained an independent risk factor for several complications.
CONCLUSION: Although VBAC is feasible and mostly safe, it is associated with a higher risk of specific complications compared with NVB. Careful selection of candidates and close monitoring are essential for optimizing outcomes in VBAC cases.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused over 1,273,712 infections and over 69,458 deaths worldwide. Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian (CUIMC/NYP) has assembled a team of committed virologists, molecular biologists, chemists, and technologists to address this emerging threat. Monoclonal antibodies have become great additions to our therapeutic arsenal, primarily in treating cancer or autoimmune diseases. Recently, the use of monoclonal antibodies in combating infections such as respiratory syncytial virus and HIV have also become clear. In recent years, advanced cell sorting and sequencing technologies have been utilized to identify neutralizing antibodies from human B cells. This protocol will outline our approach to obtaining blood specimens from participants who are recovering from COVID-19 infection. Potential participants will be referred by health care providers from within the CUIMC/NYP system and from outside institutions. If the potential participant agrees to be contacted, study staff will call them to review the informed consent, eligibility criteria and study procedures, and set up a study visit for blood draw. Monoclonal antibodies that could potently neutralize 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and related coronaviruses will be isolated from these specimens. Candidate monoclonal antibodies will then be optimized and evaluated for therapeutic potential. The ultimate goal would be able to produce a monoclonal antibody that could confer protection during an outbreak or be utilized to treat patients with severe COVID disease.
Participants will be randomized to receive E7386 Dose 1 (Cohort 1) or Dose 2 (Cohort 2) tablet, BID, orally in combination with pembrolizumab 200 mg Q3W IV infusion plus lenvatinib 8 mg capsule, orally, once daily (QD) continuously in 21-days treatment cycles until disease progression, development of unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of consent, or termination of the study. The dose of treatment depends on tolerability data of both Cohorts.
INTRODUCTION: Holistic Approach in Lowering and Tracking Chronic Kidney Disease (HALT-CKD) is a nationwide programme that was introduced in 2017 to combat CKD in Singapore. This study aims to evaluate outcomes of the HALT-CKD programme and identify factors influencing disease progression among early CKD patients.
METHOD: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving adult patients aged 21 to 80 with CKD stages G1-G3A, recruited from 5 Singapore polyclinics between 2017 and 2018. The primary outcome-time to progression to advanced CKD (G3B-G5)-was tracked until March 2023, based on patients' last known serum creatinine levels. Descriptive statistics and Cox regression were used. Patients who followed up with other institutions, were deceased or defaulted without developing (or experiencing) the outcome were censored.
RESULTS: We studied 3800 patients (mean age: 61.9 years) for a median of 4.7 years. Among them, 12.6% developed advanced CKD despite statistically significant improvements in HbA1c, blood pressure and albuminuria levels. Increasing age, female sex, clinic, baseline creatinine, diastolic blood pressure and HbA1c significantly shortened time to CKD progression. Macro-albuminuria at baseline (hazard ratio [HR] 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19- 2.61) and at analysis (HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.55-3.19) significantly accelerated advanced CKD progression. Patients who had their angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) dose reduced or discontinued progressed to advanced CKD earlier (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.50-2.45). Counselling and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) use did not significantly delay CKD progression.
CONCLUSION: Maintaining optimal ACEi/ARB dosage is essential to delay CKD progression. Premature cessation or reduction of this dosage should be discouraged. Further research on counselling and SGLT2i use in early CKD is needed to address the growing burden of CKD.
Duloxetine 30mg once daily to be started for 1 week. Dose will then be titrated to 60mg once daily and the patients followed for a total of 12 weeks.
In younger generations, excess weight has reached very alarming levels. Excess weight in adults is associated with increased mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease. However, it is not easy to distinguish to what extent these effects are the result of obesity itself or how much is due to the various cardiovascular risk factors that often accompany excess weight. Several risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, are already present in pediatric age. Therefore, early intervention with the goal of correcting and/or eliminating them is particularly important. In the child and adolescent with obesity, the first approach to achieve weight reduction and correct the risk factors associated with severe excess weight should always be non-pharmacologic and based on changing poor eating habits and unhealthy lifestyles. The purpose of this review is to give an update on non-pharmacological interventions to be implemented for cardiovascular prevention in children and adolescents with obesity, and their effectiveness. In particular, interventions targeting each individual cardiovascular risk factor will be discussed.
This is open-label, single center, 2-cohort phase I dose-escalation study of vandetanib administered orally on continuous daily dosing schedule + oral etoposide among adult patients with recurrent or relapsing malignant glioma. Patients will be stratified based on whether they are receiving EIAEDs \& each stratum will independently dose escalate. Dose of vandetanib will be increased in successive cohorts of patients. Etoposide will be given daily at a dose of 50mg/day for 21 days followed by 7 days with no etoposide. Cohorts of 3-6 subjects will accrue at each dose level until maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is defined. Subjects will be adult patients with histologically confirmed malignant glioma who are presenting at time of recurrence/relapse. Up to 48 subjects will be enrolled.

Sample size will be based on modified, classical "3+3" dose escalation design. Primary safety \& efficacy analysis will be conducted on all subject data at time all subjects who are still receiving study drug will have completed at least 4 cycles of treatment. Most common adverse events (AEs) associated with vandetanib are rash, diarrhea, \& asymptomatic QTc prolongation. Protracted oral dosing of etoposide is associated with toxicity that is mild in most patients \& consists mainly of myelosuppression \& diarrhea. Less commonly, protracted etoposide dosing has been associated w more significant hematologic toxicity.
Non-alcoholic (now: metabolic) steatohepatitis (MASH) is the progressive inflammatory form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which often coexists and mutually interacts with type 2 diabetes (T2D), resulting in worse hepatic and cardiovascular outcomes. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of diabetes-related MASH progression is crucial for effective therapeutic strategies. This review delineates the multifaceted pathways involved in this interplay and explores potential therapeutic implications. The synergy between adipose tissue, gut microbiota, and hepatic alterations plays a pivotal role in disease progression. Adipose tissue dysfunction, particularly in the visceral depot, coupled with dysbiosis in the gut microbiota, exacerbates hepatic injury and insulin resistance. Hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress further potentiate inflammation and fibrosis, contributing to disease severity. Dietary modification with weight reduction and exercise prove crucial in managing T2D-related MASH. Additionally, various well-known but also novel anti-hyperglycemic medications exhibit potential in reducing liver lipid content and, in some cases, improving MASH histology. Therapies targeting incretin receptors show promise in managing T2D-related MASH, while thyroid hormone receptor-β agonism has proven effective as a treatment of MASH and fibrosis.
An optimal bicycle frame size based on operational characteristics provided by a rider when riding a dynamic fit unit is determined. A best-fit bicycle frame size that is a closest match to the optimal frame size is determined. At least one of the optimal X,Y location of the bicycle's handlebar relative to the bottom bracket, and the optimal X,Y location of the bicycle's seat relative to the bottom bracket, is determined. A stem and spacer from a list of available stems and spacers that will best fit between the head tube of the best-fit frame and the optimal X,Y location of the handlebar is determined. A seat post from a list of available seat posts that will best fit between the seat tube of the best-fit frame and the optimal X,Y location of the seat is determined. A list of the best-fit frame, the best fit stem and spacer, and the best fit seat post, is produced.
During the past years, many efforts were put on the diagnosis and treatment of DM and its complications. It will be more effective if we can work on the primary prevention for the high risk groups of diabetes and prediabetes such as the early detection. As a first public health step, it is worthwhile to identify prediabetes people in community by screening program. Three thousand persons will be randomly selected from residents of Taichung city. All the participants will fulfill a structured questionnaire and 'Diabetes risk factor screening tool' which American Diabetes Association suggested in 2003. This project will estimate the prevalence of prediabetes in conventional hospital-base population as well as the validity of a screening questionnaire for prediabetes.
Community-appointed volunteers will document births in the community and will receive small monetary rewards via "mobile money" for all documented births. Enrolled women will receive reminders via mobile phone to highlight the importance of early vaccinations for newborns. Messages will recommend that women take their newborns to get the BCG and Polio0 vaccine as soon as possible after birth (within the first two weeks of life for Polio0 and within the first month for BCG). Information on where and when these vaccines will be available in the woman's community will be provided.
The increasing rate of obesity in youth has reached epidemic proportion in the United States. African Americans share an overwhelming burden of this disorder and its complications.1 Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in black girls and women2 and is associated with insulin resistance in populations at risk for diabetes.3 The use of Metformin, an oral diabetic agent, to halt the progression to diabetes in individuals at risk has been studied, but not in a population with concurrent vitamin D deficiency. In this proposal, we hypothesize that treatment with vitamin D with calcium supplement along with Metformin together will improve insulin resistance in obese, black teen girls. We will investigate this hypothesis in two specific aims to: 1) examine the effect of treatment of Vitamin D deficiency on insulin resistance in mature black teen girls, 2) to determine if there is any additional benefit of Metformin with treatment for Vitamin D deficiency to improve insulin resistance in this group. We propose to accomplish these aims through a clinical trial in obese black teen girls who have reached developmental maturity (approximately 15-18 years old) with vitamin D deficiency. Eligible participants will be randomized to one of three groups: standard of care, treatment with vitamin D/calcium supplement, and treatment with Vitamin D/Calcium Supplement and Metformin. We will enroll 30 obese adolescent subjects, (10 participants per group) into this 2-month study. The following measurements will be performed at baseline and 2 month follow-up: a) 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, b) Oral glucose tolerance tests to calculate homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA IR), and 4 to determine insulin resistance and total body insulin sensitivity index (TBISI) to determine insulin sensitivity,5 c) body mass index calculations, and c) lipid panel to include triglyceride, HDL-C, and LDL-C measurements. We will control for the effect of nutritional counseling on vitamin D and calcium intake will be controlled. Our outcome measures will include improvement in insulin resistance and decreased body mass index for our participants treated with vitamin D, calcium supplementation and Metformin. Validation of our hypothesis will show that Metformin along with vitamin D treatment and calcium supplementation is a novel treatment combination to improve insulin resistance, the health of an at-risk adolescent population.
Patients receive abiraterone acetate and prednisone daily for 24 weeks. Patients also receive leuprolide acetate or goserelin in weeks 1 and 13. Patients undergo external beam radiotherapy starting in week 15 for 8.5 weeks. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Stroke survivors in Region Gävleborg, Sweden, will be eligible for the study from October 2017. Patients with a history of ischemic stroke without documented atrial fibrillation before or during ECG evaluation in the stroke unit will be evaluated by the chest and thumb-ECG system Coala Heart Monitor. The monitoring system is connected to a smart phone application which allows for remote monitoring and prompt advice on clinical management. Over a period of 28 days, patients will be monitored twice daily and may activate the ECG recording at symptoms. Upon completion, the system is returned by mail. This system offers a possibility to evaluate the presence of atrial fibrillation post-stroke, but the feasibility of this system in patients who recently suffered from a stroke is unknown. In addition Health-related Quality of Life using Short Form-36 in comparison to Swedish population norms will be assessed. The feasibility of the Coala Heart Monitor will be assessed by a self-developed questionnaire.
Previous studies have shown that the hyperpolarized cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) ion channels in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) might be involved in the development of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). Additionally, other studies have shown that the decreased potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) expression in the SDH promotes pain hypersensitivity. Both HCN channels and KCC2 were highly expressed in spinal substantia gelatinosa neurons. However, whether the K+ efflux induced by the activation of HCN channels in DNP modulate KCC2 function and subsequently affect the role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/GABA-A receptors of neurons in the SDH remains to be clarified. The purpose of this work was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of KCC2 participating in HCN channels to promote DNP. Here, we found that the analgesic role of HCN channels blocker ZD7288 was associated with the up-regulated KCC2 expression and could be prevented by DIOA, a KCC2 blocker. Furthermore, the level of GABA in DNP rats significantly increased, which was decreased by ZD72288. Moreover, DIOA pretreatment could partly block the inhibitory effect of ZD7288 on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA) signaling activation of DNP rats. Finally, inhibition of cAMP-PKA signaling alleviated allodynia and elevated KCC2 expression in DNP rats. Altogether, this study reveals that the role of cAMP-PKA signaling-regulated HCN channels in DNP associated with decreased KCC2 expression in the spinal cord and altered GABA nature.
PURPOSE: To explore the future of former anatomy tutors, their perception of the impact that the anatomy near-peer teaching (NPT) program have had on them, in terms of academic performance, professional development, personal growth, long-term anatomical knowledge, and views on body donor ethics. Additionally, we compared their academic performance with non-tutor peers in terms of ranking at the National Qualifying Examination (NQE).
METHODS: A voluntary survey was emailed to all anatomy tutors from 2005 to 2024, using an online Google Forms questionnaire including closed and open-ended questions across four themes. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, while qualitative responses underwent thematic analysis. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare former tutors' NQE rankings to their peers.
RESULTS: Forty-seven out of 48 tutors responded. Tutors reported a positive program impact, including improvements in technical skills (100%), teamwork (97.9%), communication (89.4%), and organizational skills (76.6%), and good long-term anatomical knowledge retention (85.7%). Dissection on body donors was deemed essential for anatomy learning while shaping professional and ethical values. Of the 36 residents/specialists, 38.9% ranked in the top 10% at the NQE, with a statistically significant higher rank than their peers (p = 0.0011), and 100% obtained their desired specialty.
CONCLUSION: This results suggest that the anatomy NPT program significantly enhanced tutors' academic performance, technical skills, personal and professional development, and was useful to foster a positive perception of dissection on body donors and reinforced the importance of anatomical knowledge in clinical practice.