anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia, defined as progressive and generalised loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength, is considered as a poor prognostic factor in cancer. Outcomes in oncology mainly focus on survival related to disease and treatment. Other factors affecting the end result get less attention. This study was conducted with the aim to determine presence of sarcopenia in operable gastric cancer, factors positively correlating with presence of sarcopenia and its impact on early postoperative outcomes.
METHODOLOGY: This is a prospective study conducted from January 2020 to December 2021 in a tertiary care cancer hospital. All patients with adenocarcinoma stomach planned for curative intent surgery were assessed for sarcopenia by measuring hand grip strength(HGS) and skeletal muscle index(SMI). Comparison was made between patient and tumour related factors in patients with and without sarcopenia and impact of sarcopenia on early postoperative outcome was assessed.
RESULTS: 74 patients were assessed for sarcopenia. 32 (43.2 %) were patients diagnosed with sarcopenia. Advanced age(p = 0.040), low BMI (p < 0.001), gastric outlet obstruction (p = 0.020) and urgent surgery (p = 0.002) positively correlated with sarcopenia. Curative resection was done in 68(91.89 %) patients and these patients were evaluated for early postoperative outcomes. 18 (26.5 %) patients had complications of Clavien Dindo grade 3 or above. Sarcopenia was not significantly associated with major postoperative complications(p = 0.857).
CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia, though associated with a substantial proportion of patients with gastric cancer, does not significantly affect early postoperative complications in a high volume oncology centre .
It is intended to provide a method of treating an ischemic diseases involving the step of administering angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) or a vector encoding Ang-1, and a kit for treating an ischemic disease containing Ang-1. A vector expressing Ang-1 is constructed and administered alone into the cardiac muscle of rat in the acute myocardial infarction stage to thereby topically express Ang-1 in the cardiac muscle. As a result, there are observed remarkable effects such as a decrease in the postinfarction mortality rate, an increase in the blood vessel count in the cardiac muscle, shrinkage of a cardiac infarction focus and improvement in heart functions. It is unnecessary to administer VEGF which is required in angiogenesis by Ang-1. When an Ang-1-expression virus vector is administered into a model animal suffering from serious ischemia in limb induced by artery ligation, furthermore, a remarkable therapeutic effect is observed. The Ang-1 gene therapy is excellent as a safe and efficacious method for treating ischemic diseases such as ischemic heart diseases and ischemia in limb.
Patients suffering from End Stage Renal Disease are commonly involved in haemodialysis treatment, which is the most common treatment at this stage. Haemodialysis substitutes the renal function but is associated with several alterations that lead to decrease in functional capacity and health related quality of life (HRQoL). Many studies show that functional capacity, physical activity level and HRQoL is significantly worse than their healthy sedentary age - matched counterparts. It is unknown if low physical activity, uraemia or anaemia are responsible for the decreased functional capacity of this cohort. Physical performance tests are frequently used to assess haemodialysis patients since is a feasible and low-cost evaluation. The purpose of the present study is quantified how the functional capacity changes over a -6 months period in a group of haemodialysis patients. Additionally the investigators pretend to calculate values absolute and relative reliability that have not been yet reported (Short Physical Performance Battery, one-leg balance and Timed Up and go).
The energy composition of the high protein diet will be calculated as 40% carbohydrate, 30% protein and 30% fat. It will be stated that individuals should not eat anything other than the foods to be sent during the weeks of the diet.
PURPOSE: A composition for preventing and treating obesity or atherosclerosis, which contains Eupolyphaga sinensis extract or its fraction as an active ingredient is provided to suppress increase of weight, fat and adipocyte size. CONSTITUTION: A composition for preventing or treating atherosclerosis contains Eupolyphaga sinensis extract as an active ingredient. The Eupolyphaga sinensis extract is isolated using water, alcohol or their mixture. The alcohol is low alcohol of C1-C4. The low alcohol is ethanol or methanol. The composition for preventing and treating atherosclerosis contains organic solvent fraction of Eupolyphaga sinensis extract as an active ingredient. The organic solvent is hexane or ethylacetate.
Clinical studies of potassium chloride extended-release capsules did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.

To report suspected adverse events, contact NorthStar at 1-800-206-7821 or the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
The fluid challenge is a simple volume resuscitation evaluation method that provides an indication of the patient's likelihood of benefiting from an increase in the intravenous fluid volume. Both the fluid challenge and fluid responsiveness are evaluated by interpreting the change in hemodynamic parameters after 500 mL of crystalloid (or 250 mL of colloid) solution is infused over 10-15 min. This is done in an attempt to regulate the fluid therapy of hemodynamically unstable patients in order to prevent fluid overload. In the present study, we aim to investigate the effect of the fluid challenge maneuver on intracranial pressure in ICU patients with hemodynamic instability through measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter by ultrasonography.

Patients in the intensive care unit undergoing a fluid challenge were included in this prospective observational study. A fluid challenge is defined as a 500 mL crystalloid infusion administered over 10 min, and fluid responsiveness is defined as a subsequent increase in stroke volume of at least 15%. The ONSD and hemodynamic variables will be measured by ultrasonography before (T0), at the end (T1), and 30 min after the fluid challenge (T2). The primary outcome of the study is the change in intracranial pressure associated with the fluid challenge, and the secondary outcome is the relationship between fluid responsiveness and the change in ONSD.
The study cohort from which cases and controls are drawn is all subjects in the United Kingdom (UK) General Practice Research Database (GPRD) 1993-2008. Each member of the UK population is registered with a General Practice, which centralizes the medical information not only from the general practitioners themselves but also from specialist referrals and hospital attendances. Over 487 General Practices contribute data to the GPRD. Entry into the study cohort begins Jan 1, 1993 for all those who are registered in GPRD before that time, and at the time of registration if later than Jan 1, 1993.
We estimated the sample size of four based on the use of a non-parametric analysis, and for the purpose to keep the sample of subjects to a minimum. Further that the effect size is expected to be a large effect (e.g. as it's a binary response yes/no wrinkling, previous experience and literature with the use of the cream for obtaining a pronounced effect of wrinkling (4-5) on the PING scale for an individual with normal peripheral nerve response on an unblocked digit. By using the non-parametric chi square statistical analysis it does not rely on means and standard deviation so it is more sensitive to even small differences beyond chance.

After informed written consent is obtained, volunteers will be subjected to a digital nerve block of ring finger of either the left or right hands. The hand to be blocked will be randomized using a coin toss. The nerve block will be performed by members of the research team with extensive experience in regional blockade. After full sterile preparation, 3 cc's of 2% plain lidocaine will be used to perform the digital nerve block. Five minutes after the performance of the block, the affected digit will be tested by both light touch and temperature to confirm block success. Ring fingers of both hands of the volunteer will then be wrapped in an occlusive dressing after 1mL (millilitre) of EMLA (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic) cream is applied to the pad of each finger. Photos of the blocked finger as well as the corresponding unblocked finger of the opposite hand will be taken with tangential lighting at 0, 10, 20 and 30 minutes from the time of exposure to EMLA cream. The EMLA cream and occlusive dressings will be removed for each photo then reapplied after the photo is completed. Photos will then be evaluated by two members of the research team blinded as to the finger blocked in each volunteer. Evaluators reviewing the photos of individual fingers will be asked to grade the degree of wrinkling on a scale from 0 to 4 described by Ping Ng et al (a previously established scale to assess stimulated skin wrinkling).

Clinical Care Measures To ensure safety of the study participants, digital nerve blocks will be performed by anesthesiologists or anesthesiology residents with experience in performing these blocks and under strict aseptic conditions. A limited amount of lidocaine is utilized to ensure adequate block but minimize duration of block as well as risks of toxicity. The study participants will be fully monitored with continuous 3 lead ECG, NIBP (non-invasive blood pressure) measurements every 5 minutes and continuous pulse oximetry for 120 minutes period after the analysis. The participants will be attended by at least one physician for this entire period. A follow up telephone call will be performed 24 hours after the performance of the digital nerve block to assess for complications.
PURPOSE:To read out desired picture information in a short time by using retrieval information recorded on a clinical chart to directly access a medical picture data base. CONSTITUTION:ID information 2 consisting of a patient ID number, a patient name, the examination date, etc., is inputted from a keyboard 1 and is transferred to a retrieval memory 3. Picture information 4 is registered on an optical disk 5 based on ID information 2. In this case, DIR information 6 consisting of the discrimination name of the optical disk 5, the register position, the size of picture information 4, etc., is stored in the retrieval memory 3 correspondingly to ID information 2. ID information 2 and DIR information 6 are recorded on a clinical chart 7 of a patient himself. Retrieval information recorded on the chart 7 is read by a chart reader, and the optical disk 5 is directly accessed by DIR information of read retrieval information to display pertinent picture information on a CRT.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To display a virtual endoscope image having enough depth feeling. SOLUTION: The three-dimensional image data of organs are preliminarily fetched from an X-ray CT device 2 in an HDD 15 of this virtual endoscope device 1. A CPU 11 produces a surface image of an organ as if it were looked at by an endoscope, that is, a virtual endoscope image from the three- dimensional image data in the HDD 15 and expands it in an image memory 16. In such a case, the CPU 11 sets brightness when pixels constituting the image are shown so as to be darker as a distance becomes large in accordance with the distance from the viewpoint of the endoscope. After that, an image display controlling part 17 displays the virtual endoscope image data in the memory 16 on a display 18.  Thus, an image to which light and darkness are attached so that the farther from the viewpoint a pixel is, it can be the darker and which has sufficient depth feeling is shown on a virtual endoscope image shown on the display 18.
BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a life-threatening severe inflammatory reaction caused by the host's dysregulated response to infection. Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) has been confirmed to occur in 50 % of patients with septic shock. Currently, the pathophysiological mechanism of SIMD is complex, and there is no targeted treatment. Elabela is another endogenous ligand of Aplnr (APJ). The protective effect of APJ on the heart has been proven. Elabela (Ela) has been shown to have a variety of cardiovascular protective effects. However, there are no studies demonstrating the protective effect of Ela-APJ axis on SIMD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vivo, C57BL/J mice were injected subcutaneously with 1 mg/kg/d Ela for 2 weeks, and in vitro, AC16 cells were treated with 1 μM Ela for 24 h. A 7-0 thread was used to ligate the distal end of the cecum, followed by puncture with a 20-gauge needle. Once a small amount of fluid leaks out, release the cecum back into the abdominal cavity. We measured the survival rates of the mice, performed ultrasound on their hearts, and evaluated the effects of the treatments. The serum and cell supernatant were extracted to detect myocardial injury markers and pyroptosis-related indicators. Western blotting was used to detect autophagy and pyroptosis-related protein. Molecular docking and other experiments were also used to detect changes in related proteins.
RESULTS: In vivo, Ela significantly improved the survival rate of septic mice, improved cardiac function, and reduced the production of myocardial injury markers, oxidative stress and pyroptosis. In vitro, Ela unblocked autophagy flow by affecting TFEB transcription. Autophagy reduces inflammation and oxidative stress by selectively degrading inflammatory bodies and ultimately alleviates pyroptosis.
CONCLUSION: We had demonstrated for the first time that in sepsis, Ela promoted the degradation of inflammasomes, reduced oxidative stress, and inhibited the occurrence of pyroptosis by unblocking autophagy flow.
Cancer is the leading cause of disease-related death among children. Vincristine (VCR), a key component of childhood cancer treatment protocols, is associated with the risk of peripheral neuropathy (PN), a condition that may be reversible upon drug discontinuation but can also leave lasting sequelae. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genes involved in VCR pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have been investigated in relation to an increased risk of PN. However, the results of these studies have been inconsistent. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate the potential association of drug transporter genes from the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family and the centrosomal protein 72 (CEP72) gene with the development of PN in 88 Caucasian children diagnosed with cancer and treated with VCR. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR techniques for the following SNPs: ABCB1 rs1128503, ABCC1 rs246240, ABCC2 rs717620, and CEP72 rs924607. The results indicated that age at diagnosis (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.07-1.75) and the ABCC1 rs246240 G allele (OR = 12.48; 95% CI = 2.26-100.42) were associated with vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN). No association was found between this toxicity and CEP72 rs924607. Our study provides insights that may contribute to optimizing childhood cancer therapy in the future by predicting the risk of VIPN.
The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends referral to behavioral weight loss programs to help obese adults achieve a clinically meaningful weight loss of 8-10% of starting body weight. However, approximately half of participants are unable to achieve this goal. Despite this, a"one size fits all" approach is the norm, a major drawback because those who do not respond can in fact be detected early. This gap in weight loss intervention science calls for an adaptive intervention approach that could provide the "right treatment at the right time for the right person". Adaptive interventions individualize treatment through empirically-supported decision rules advising when and how treatments should unfold over time to maximize effectiveness. Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials (SMART), developed explicitly to build the best adaptive interventions, use experimental design principles to develop these decision rules. The investigators will use a SMART to systematically evaluate therapeutic approach and timing differences for intervening with those who do not respond to a behavioral weight loss program. Self-regulation challenges have been identified as a major adherence barrier. Two attractive options to address self-regulation difficulties are: 1) supplementing behavioral treatment with Meal Replacements (MR) which decreases the need for self-regulation; and 2) switching therapeutic approaches by using an enhanced version of behavioral weight loss therapy that teaches acceptance based behavioral skills which boost capacity for self-regulation. Additionally, two time points for intervening with non-responders will be evaluated: 1) 3 weeks, based on current weight loss trial evidence; and 2) 7 weeks, based on average time used in the existing stepped care literature. Adults (n=500) will be recruited and will receive individual behavioral weight loss treatment (BWL). Participants will be randomized to either: 1) treatment response assessment at 3 weeks or 2) treatment response assessment at 7 weeks. Subjects who have lost the expected amount of weight at their assessment point, will continue with traditional behavioral weight loss therapy. For those who have not lost the expected amount of weight, we will re-randomize them to either meal replacements in addition to the traditional weight loss therapy or to the enhanced version of behavioral weight loss therapy.
In recent years, metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis has become a research hotspot in the field of liver fibrosis at home and abroad. Liver fibrosis is a pathological change caused by chronic liver injury from a variety of causes. Liver fibrosis is a common pathological feature of many chronic liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis, as well as the pathogenesis of the disease. The development of chronic liver disease into cirrhosis must go through the pathological process of liver fibrosis, in which hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play an important role. Following liver injury, HSC are activated and transdifferentiated into scar-forming myofibroblasts, which drive the trauma healing response and which rely on the deposition of collagen-rich extracellular matrix to maintain tissue integrity. This reaction will continue without strict control, which will lead to excessive accumulation of matrix and liver fibrosis. The mechanisms and clinical studies of liver fibrosis have been the focus of research in liver diseases. In recent years, several studies have revealed the mechanism of HSC metabolic reprogramming and the impact of this process on liver fibrosis, in which glucose metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in the activation of HSC, and it mainly meets the energy demand of HSC activation by upregulating glycolysis. Glycolysis is the process by which one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate and produces energy and lactate under anaerobic conditions. Various factors have been found to be involved in regulating the glycolytic process of HSC, including glucose transport, intracellular processing of glucose, exosome secretion, and lactate production, etc. Inhibition of the glycolytic process of HSC can be an effective strategy against liver fibrosis. Currently, the combined action of multiple targets and links of Chinese medicine such as turmeric, comfrey, rhubarb and scutellaria baicalensis against the mechanism of liver fibrosis can effectively improve or even reverse liver fibrosis. This paper summarizes that turmeric extract curcumin, comfrey extract comfreyin, rhubarb, Subtle yang yu yin granules, Scutellaria baicalensis extract oroxylin A and cardamom extract cardamomin affect liver fibrosis by regulating gluconeogenic reprogramming. Therefore, studying the mechanism of action of TCM in regulating liver fibrosis through reprogramming of glucose metabolism is promising to explore new methods and approaches for Chinese Medicine modernization research.
INTRODUCTION: Inadequate bowel preparation can result in decreased diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic safety of colonoscopy for colon cancer screening. The Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) has been used to assess the quality of bowel preparation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are commonly used medications for diabetes mellitus and obesity that are known to delay gastrointestinal motility. We hypothesized that the use of GLP-1RA would be associated with decreased quality of bowel preparation.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent screening or surveillance colonoscopy at a large academic medical center between December 2021 and December 2022. We included patients taking any GLP-1RA for diabetes or obesity during colonoscopy defined as our cases, and patients who were prescribed GLP-1RA at one point but not within 3 months of colonoscopy defined as our controls. We excluded patients on any promotility or antimotility agents and those without BBPS recorded on their procedure report. Independent t test assessed statistical differences in the case and control groups to compare the quality of bowel preparation for continuous variables, and the χ 2 test was used for categorical variables. Multivariate linear regression including diabetes as a covariate was also performed for continuous variables, and multivariate logistic regression was performed for categorical variables.
RESULTS: A total of 446 patients were included in the study, comprising 265 (59%) cases and 181 controls (41%). There were no statistically significant differences between groups at baseline except for the diagnosis of diabetes ( P = 0.001) with a higher proportion of patients with diabetes in the cases. The mean BBPS was significantly higher in controls (7.0 ± 1.9 vs 7.5 ± 2.4, P = 0.046) when controlling for diabetes. The percentage of patients with a total BBPS score of <5 was significantly higher in cases (15.5% vs 6.6%, P = 0.01). The proportion of patients who required a repeat colonoscopy due to poor bowel preparation was also significantly higher in cases (18.9% vs 11.1%, P = 0.041).
DISCUSSION: The use of GLP-1RA was associated with a statistically significantly lower quality of bowel preparation, with additional clinical significance given a notable difference in the need for a repeat colonoscopy. It will be essential to understand the cumulative effect of medications that may delay gastric emptying on the quality of bowel preparation to better understand the appropriate measures and counseling that need to be taken before undergoing outpatient colonoscopies.