anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The present invention is related to the development of a novel inter and intra multilamellar vesicular composition containing an antipsoriatic drug dithranol. The exquisitely structured mesophase made up of saturated phospholipids (which have an inherent antioxidant property and protect the lipid soluble molecules) at the micro range level improve the overall performance of the drug by way of modifying and controlling the release as well as the reactivity of the drug. Further, such microstructured system in conjunction with hydrocolloid gel makes the system rheologically more acceptable. Thus, the formulation so developed tends to make the drug molecules effective at a reduced dose level, non-irritant, non-staining, easily applicable (stays on the affected site) and stable as well. Besides this, there is an added advantage allowing an enhanced application time vis-ô-vis the short contact therapy presently practiced. Also, the formulation developed has the potential to incorporate an increased dose level of the drug without any irritancy and staining where the severity of disease demands so. Thus, the product has improved the dithranol therapy along with some additive advantageous features.
Patients will be taken to the operating table after preoperative evaluation. Routine monitoring and routine anesthesia method will be applied to the patient. Access will be made through the radial artery for arterial catheterization. Patients will be ventilated with 6-8 ml/kg tidal volume, 12-14 frequency/min, 5 Positive end expiratory pressure(PEEP), 60% Fraction of inspired oxygen(FiO2) and oxygen saturation over 94. End tidal Carbon dixide(CO2) will be kept in the range of 32-37. After cardiac catheterizations are performed, the pump will be entered, and after all preparations are completed, an aortic cross-clamp will be placed and cardioplegic solution will be sent. After the patient enters the pump at full flow; Group 1: Non-ventilated patient group. Here, patients will be placed in the cardiac bypass mode of the anesthesia machine. Only 150 ml of free air flow will be provided and mechanical ventilation will be turned off.

Group 2: Patients will continue to be ventilated at FiO2: 40%, TV: 3 ml/kg, frequency 12 breaths/min, peep: 5 cm/H2O.
Atractylodin is one of the main active ingredients of Atractylodis Rhizoma. It has various pharmacological properties, such as antigastric ulcer, immune regulation, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective properties. In the past few decades, atractylodin has attracted the attention of researchers due to its excellent therapeutic effects. This paper aims to review the pharmacology of atractylodin, focusing mainly on its pharmacological effects in tumor treatment. Atractylodin exerts its antitumor effect by regulating different signaling pathways to induce important biological events such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy, inhibiting cancer cell invasion and metastasis. In the process of cell apoptosis, atractylodin mainly induces cancer cell apoptosis by downregulating the Notch signaling pathway, affecting multiple upstream and downstream targets. In addition, atractylodin induces autophagy in cancer cells by regulating various signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, p38MAPK, and hypothalamic Sirt1 and p-AMPK. Atractylodin effectively induces G1/M and G2/M phase arrest under the action of multiple signaling pathways. Among them, the pathways related to G1/M are more widely stagnated. In inhibiting the migration and invasion of cancer cells, atractylodin mainly regulates the Wnt signaling pathway, downregulates the expression of N-cadherin in cancer cells, and then blocks the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, inhibiting the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR proteins, thereby having a significant impact on the invasion and migration of cancer cells. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on the antitumor effects and mechanisms of atractylodin, hoping to provide a reference and theoretical basis for its clinical application and new drug development.
PURPOSE: After stroke, upper limb somatosensation can be impaired which affects motor control. Vision is often used to compensate for this. A clinical assessment which assesses the combined sensorimotor function in the absence of vision would be beneficial in studies targeting sensorimotor improvement.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: We adapted the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) to be performed without vision and called this modified version the sensorimotor ARAT (sARAT). Sixty healthy participants and 22 participants with chronic stroke performed the ARAT, sARAT, Fugl-Meyer upper extremity assessment (FM-UE) and Erasmus modified Nottingham sensory assessment (EmNSA). Discriminative validity of sARAT was evaluated by comparing performance between healthy participants and participants with chronic stroke. Convergent validity was evaluated by correlating sARAT with FM-UE and EmNSA.
RESULTS: Participants with stroke performed worse on the sARAT compared to healthy participants (p < 0.001), with median scores of 52 (IQR 32-57) and 57 (IQR 57-57), respectively. The sARAT showed high correlations with FM-UE and EmNSA (r = 0.80-0.90).
CONCLUSIONS: The sARAT shows good discriminative and convergent validity in people with chronic stroke. It allows a quick assessment of the combined upper limb sensorimotor function, by performing the well-known ARAT with the eyes closed.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) negatively influences health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Patients living with PF have voiced the desire for a focus on symptoms and HRQOL in both disease monitoring and treatment decisions.
RECENT FINDINGS: Currently available disease modifying treatments do little to impact HRQOL. Newer studies evaluating pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies targeting symptoms and HRQOL in PF have been conducted with some promising results. There is increasing recognition of the importance of incorporating HRQOL as a higher tier endpoint in clinical trials. Disease-specific measure of HRQOL have been developed for those living with PF, and there is ongoing work to better understand the validity and reliability characteristics of these tools. In addition to research, there is recognition of the potential benefits of measuring HRQOL and symptoms in clinical practice in facilitate integrating patient perspective into care and allow for more personalized treatment approaches.
SUMMARY: There is increased momentum to discover treatments that impact HRQOL in PF. More work is desperately needed to identify better treatment targets, and to incorporate HRQOL and symptoms as higher tier endpoints in clinical trials. Further work is also needed to address the practicalities of integrating HRQOL measurement into clinical care.
A process is described for producing surrogate antibody molecules that mimic the structure, stability, and binding characteristics of a natural antibody. Surrogate antibody structure, composition of surrogate antibody libraries, methods of surrogate antibody preparation, and surrogate antibody applications are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of surrogate antibody structural stabilization and resistance to nucleases. The surrogate antibodies comprise a specificity strand and a stabilization strand. The specificity strand comprises a nucleic acid sequence having a specificity region flanked by a first constant region and a second constant region. The stabilization strand comprises a first stabilization region that interacts with the first constant region and a second stabilization region that interacts with the second constant region. In further embodiments, the stabilization strand and the specificity strand comprise distinct molecules. In other embodiments, the surrogate antibody molecules may comprise polyoligonucleotides that have at least one nucleotide sequence that forms a loop with specific ligand-binding properties. Surrogate antibody libraries containing a large population of random binding molecules are pre-assembled and used in a process that captures and amplifies those molecules having prerequisite binding characteristics. The amplified surrogate antibody molecule produced by the process has identical structure and binding characteristics to the parent molecule captured from the initially assembled library. Surrogate antibody molecules contain binding loop(s) that are formed and stabilized by the hybridization of at least two adjacent and juxtaposed strands, one strand having a greater number of nucleotides than the other. The preparation of a polyclonal surrogate antibody reagent proceeds through phases of capture/enrichment and amplification, specificity enhancement, and affinity enhancement. Depending upon the intended application, polyclonal surrogate antibody reagents can be processed to monoclonality. These molecules expand upon the binding characteristics of natural immunoglobulins, and do not require animals, animal facilities, cell culture or the stimulation of an immune response, in their development. They can be used as an effective replacement for natural antibody molecules, and therefore can be used in testing methods like immunoassay, as therapeutic agents, for specific labeling, and for research purposes. Targets ligands compatible with the development of surrogate antibodies include compounds, organisms, and cells that when complexed to a surrogate antibody in solution attain characteristics that can be physically or chemically differentiated from uncomplexed surrogate antibody.
Prostate cancer is ranked second in the world for cancer-related deaths in men, highlighting the lack of effective therapies for advanced-stage disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and immunity have a direct role in prostate cancer pathogenesis, but TLR9 has been reported to contribute to both the progression and inhibition of prostate tumorigenesis. To further understand this apparent disparity, we have investigated the effect of TLR9 stimulation on prostate cancer progression in an immune-competent, syngeneic orthotopic mouse model of prostate cancer. Here, we utilized the class B synthetic agonist CPG-1668 to provoke a TLR9-mediated systemic immune response and demonstrate a significant impairment of prostate tumorigenesis. Untreated tumors contained a high abundance of immune-cell infiltrates. However, pharmacological activation of TLR9 resulted in smaller tumors containing significantly fewer M1 macrophages and T cells. TLR9 stimulation of tumor cells in vitro had no effect on cell viability or its downstream transcriptional targets, whereas stimulation in macrophages suppressed cancer cell growth via type I IFN. This suggests that the antitumorigenic effects of CPG-1668 were predominantly mediated by an antitumor immune response. This study demonstrated that systemic TLR9 stimulation negatively regulates prostate cancer tumorigenesis and highlights TLR9 agonists as a useful therapeutic for the treatment of prostate cancer.
International genomic studies conducted in populations with hyperuricemia and gout have identified a number of associated alleles. The strength of the association between a given allele and gout (or hyperuricemia) provides an indication of the importance of the encoded protein in disease pathogenesis. It was in this way that the development of gout was found to depend on renal urate transporters that were subsequently targeted by new uricosuric therapies.

Overall, the search for gout-associated genes has mostly been done in the general European population and revealed a small number of candidate loci. Most of these only contribute a small amount to the heritability for gout susceptibility, suggesting that additional genes and mechanisms of genetic influence are yet to be discovered. A common feature of Genome-Wide Association studies done so far is that usually large sample sizes are required in order to detect differences in allele frequencies and their contribution to different traits between test groups. The Polynesian population of French Polynesia possesses characteristics that make it particularly attractive to carry out population-based genetic research. Historical records indicate that the Polynesians of Tahiti and surrounding islands originate from a small founder population that has undergone a number of bottlenecks, eventually becoming a genetically homogenous population with a fairly high degree of consanguinity. The combination of a historic founder event, continued isolation and recent expansion are all ideal properties for a Genome Wide Association Study, as they ensure that 1) population stratification will be easy to correct when performing association tests and 2) there are likely high-effect variants that were kept at low frequency in mainland Europe due to negative selection but rose to high frequencies in the Polynesians via the increase in genetic drift or selection through adaptation to a specific environment and diet. Therefore, it is plausible that rare variants with large effect on health-related quantitative traits may be more easily detectable in Polynesians, even with much smaller sample sizes.
The progression of cardiovascular disease is intricately influenced by a complex interplay between physiological pathways, biochemical processes, and physical mechanisms. This study aimed to develop an in-silico physics-based approach to comprehensively model the multifaceted vascular pathophysiological adaptations. This approach focused on capturing the progression of proximal pulmonary arterial hypertension, which is significantly associated with the irreversible degradation of arterial walls and compensatory stress-induced growth and remodeling. This study incorporated critical characteristics related to the distinct time scales for the deformation, thus reflecting the impact of mean pressure on artery growth and tissue damage. The in-silico simulation of the progression of pulmonary hypertension was realized based on computational code combined with the finite element method (FEM) for the simulation of disease progression. The parametric studies further explored the consequences of these irreversible processes. This computational modeling approach may advance our understanding of pulmonary hypertension and its progression.
The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of a swine dysentery subunit vaccine. The swine dysentery subunit vaccine is composed of antigenic material harvested from the surface of an anaerobic spirochete, $i(Treponema hyodysenteriae). The bacterial cells, previously grown in large volume (5-7 liters) in a bench-top fermentor, are harvested by centrifugation and washed vigorously in phosphate buffered saline. The bacterial cells are then removed by a second centrifugation and the supernatant retained. The supernatant contains a salt extract consisting of the antigenic material used in the vaccine. Once harvested, the salt extract is concentrated 100X. The salt extract has been shown to be immunogenic in pigs. Five to six week old pigs are hyperimmunized intramuscularly (IM) with the salt extract. Pigs vaccinated with the salt extract are protected against infection with $i(Treponema hyodysenteriae).
BACKGROUND: The pathological mechanisms following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are poorly understood. Limited clinical evidence exists on the association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume and the risk of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) or cerebral vasospasm (CV). In this study, we raised the hypothesis that the amount of CSF or its ratio to hemorrhage blood volume, as determined from non-contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT) images taken on admission, could be a significant predictor for CV and DCI.
METHODS: The pilot study included a retrospective analysis of NCCT scans of 49 SAH patients taken shortly after an aneurysm rupture (33 males, 16 females, mean age 56.4 ± 15 years). The SynthStrip and Slicer3D software tools were used to extract radiological factors - CSF, brain, and hemorrhage volumes from the NCCT images. The "pure" CSF volume (VCSF) was estimated in the range of [-15, 15] Hounsfield units (HU).
RESULTS: VCSF was negatively associated with the risk of CV occurrence (p = 0.0049) and DCI (p = 0.0069), but was not associated with patients' outcomes. The hemorrhage volume (VSAH) was positively associated with an unfavorable outcome (p = 0.0032) but was not associated with CV/DCI. The ratio VSAH/VCSF was positively associated with, both, DCI (p = 0.031) and unfavorable outcome (p = 0.002). The CSF volume normalized by the brain volume showed the highest characteristics for DCI prediction (AUC = 0.791, sensitivity = 0.80, specificity = 0.812) and CV prediction (AUC = 0.769, sensitivity = 0.812, specificity = 0.70).
CONCLUSION: It was demonstrated that "pure" CSF volume retrieved from the initial NCCT images of SAH patients (including CV, Non-CV, DCI, Non-DCI groups) is a more significant predictor of DCI and CV compared to other routinely used radiological biomarkers. VCSF could be used to predict clinical course as well as to personalize the management of SAH patients. Larger multicenter clinical trials should be performed to test the added value of the proposed methodology.
Aspects discussed herein relate to spirometers that can be used to measure lung function using a mobile device. A user can breathe into a mouthpiece that forces the user's breath through a spirometric encoding assembly. The spirometric encoding assembly can be coupled to a mobile device using a spirometric encoding adapter. The spirometric encoding assembly can generate one or more audible tones using the user's breath; these audible tones can be measured using a microphone of the mobile device. The audio data captured by the mobile device can be processed to determine the flow rate and/or volume of the user's breath. The flow rate and volume can be used to determine a variety of characteristics of the user's health, lung capacity, and/or for diagnosing medical conditions. A variety of treatment plans can be identified and/or administered based on the diagnosed medical conditions.
Vascular calcification, a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), remains an unmet therapeutic challenge. The trans-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblast-like cells is crucial in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification in CKD. Despite ferroptosis promotes vascular calcification in CKD, the upstream or downstream regulatory mechanisms involved remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism involved in ferroptosis in CKD vascular calcification. Transcriptome sequencing revealed a potential relationship between HDAC9 and ferroptosis in CKD vascular calcification. Subsequently, we observed increased expression of HDAC9 in calcified arteries of patients undergoing hemodialysis and in a rat model of CKD. We further demonstrated that knockout of HDAC9 attenuates osteogenic trans-differentiation and ferroptosis in VSMCs stimulated by high calcium and phosphorus. In addition, RSL3 exacerbated ferroptosis and osteogenic trans-differentiation of VSMCs exposed to high levels of calcium and phosphorus, and these effects were suppressed to some extent by HDAC9 knockout. In summary, our findings suggest that HDAC9 promotes VSMCs osteogenic trans-differentiation involving ferroptosis, providing new insights for the therapy of CKD vascular calcification.
Objective: To identify the association between CD4+T lymphocyte (CD4) counts and physical frailty among HIV-infected people aged 65 years and older, and evaluate whether this association will be modified by the indicators of body composition. Methods: From May to October 2022, 485 elderly HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) were recruited from 7 antiviral treatment sites in Jiangjin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing. The data of basic characteristics (age and gender), living habits (smoking and drinking) and disease history (metabolic diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory disease and malignant tumors) were collected through the face-to-face investigation with self-made questionnaires. Fried Frailty Scale was used to evaluate the status of physical frailty. Physical fitness (walking speed, grip strength, height, and weight) and body composition (skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, and basal metabolic rate) were measured. The antiretroviral treatment data were obtained from the China AIDS Integrated Prevention and Treatment Data information management system. The prevalence of physical frailty was calculated among the HIV-infected patients. The potential effects of CD4 counts on physical frailty were explored by using multivariate logistic regression. Subgroup analyses were repeated in the logistic regression with muscle mass, body fat mass, and other indicators of body composition as subgroup variables to determine whether the association might be modified by body composition. Results: The age of 485 patients were (72±5) years old, of which 48.2% (234 cases) were>70 years old and 70.9% (344 cases) were male, and all of whom had initiated the ART treatment. The prevalence of physical frailty among these patients was 7.4% (36/485). Multivariate logistic regression showed that after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, drinking, body composition index, ART duration, viral load and the number of comorbidities, increased CD4 cell level was associated with decreased prevalent risk of physical frailty among elderly HIV-infected patients. For every increase of 5.0×107 CD4 cells/L, the prevalent risk of physical frailty decreased by 12% [OR (95%CI): 0.88 (0.76-1.01)]. Compared with the low CD4 cell level group, the risk of physical frailty in those with normal CD4 cell level decreased by 69% [OR (95%CI): 0.31 (0.10-0.92)]. Subgroup analysis of body composition indicators showed that the protective effect of normal CD4 cell level on physical frailty was more pronounced in the high skeletal muscle mass and high basal metabolic rate group (Pinteraction<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of physical frailty among elderly HIV-infected patients is relatively lower in Chongqing, and the CD4 cell level, skeletal muscle mass and basal metabolic rate are related to physical frailty.
Patients receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes and pemetrexed disodium IV over 10 minutes on day 1. Treatment with pembrolizumab repeats every 21 days for up to 35 cycles (2 years) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Cycles of pemetrexed disodium repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients who had stable disease, partial response, or complete response after completion of 35 cycles of pembrolizumab, may continue pembrolizumab for an additional 17 cycles (1 year) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients additionally undergo blood sample collection, CT, PET/CT or MRI and may also undergo PSMA PET on study.
Participants who were randomized to immediate treatment in Study MGT-GAD-025 will transition directly to a long-term follow-up schedule to complete an additional 54 months of follow-up. All study participants are to be followed for a period of 60 months after vector administration.