anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
AIM/BACKGROUND: Intra-operative colonic perfusion assessment via indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICGFA) aims to address malperfusion-related anastomotic complications; however, its interpretation suffers interuser variability (IUV), especially early in ICGFA experience. This work assesses the impact of a protocol developed for both operator-based judgement and computational development on interpretation consistency, focusing on senior surgeons yet to start using ICGFA.
METHODS: Experienced and junior gastrointestinal surgeons were invited to complete an ICGFA-experience questionnaire. They subsequently interpreted nine operative ICGFA videos regarding perfusion sufficiency of a surgically prepared distal colon during laparoscopic anterior resection by indicating their preferred site of proximal transection using an online annotation platform (mindstamp.com). Six ICGFA videos had been prepared with a clinical standardisation protocol controlling camera and patient positioning of which three each had monochrome near infrared (NIR) and overlay display. Three others were non-standardised controls with synchronous NIR and overlay picture-in-picture display. Differences in transection level between different cohorts were assessed for intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) via ImageJ and IBM SPSS.
RESULTS: 58 clinicians (12 ICGFA experts, 46 ICGFA inexperienced of whom 23 were either finished or within one year of finishing training and 23 were junior trainees) participated as per power calculations. 63% felt that ICGFA should be routinely deployed with 57% believing interpretative competence requires 11-50 cases. Transection level concordance was generally good (ICC = 0.869) across all videos and levels of expertise (0.833-0.915). However, poor agreement was evident with the standardised protocol videos for overlay presentation (0.208-0.345). Similarly, poor agreement was seen for the monochrome display (0.392-0.517), except for those who were trained but ICG inexperienced (0.877) although even here agreement was less than with unstandardised videos (0.943).
CONCLUSION: Colorectal ICGFA acquisition and display standardisation impacts IUV with this specific protocol tending to diminish surgeon interpretation consistency. ICGFA video recording for computational development may require dedicated protocols.
Background: Obesity has become a significant global health issue. This multifaceted condition is influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, significantly influenced by nutrition. Aim: The study's objective is to elucidate the relationship between obesity-related genes, nutrient intake, and the development of obesity and the importance of other metabolic diseases. Methods: A comprehensive literature review spanning the past two decades was conducted to analyze the contributions of genetic variants-including FTO, MC4R, and LEPR-and their associations with dietary habits, highlighting how specific nutrients affect gene expression and obesity risk and how the coexistence of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis may modulate these factors. Moreover, the role of epigenetic factors, such as dietary patterns that encourage the development of obesity, was explored. Discussion and Conclusions: By understanding the intricate relationships among genetics, nutrients, and obesity development, this study highlights the importance of personalized dietary strategies in managing obesity. Overall, an integrated approach that considers genetic predispositions alongside environmental influences is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment methodologies, ultimately contributing to better health outcomes in diverse populations.
The Foley catheter has been the mainstay of bladder drainage for many decades. There has been little design change despite risks associated with Foley catheter use including cather associated Urinary Tract Infections(UTIs). However, recent incentives and penalties related to iatrogenic bladder infections have encouraged healthcare providers to search for ways to decrease catheter-associated infections. Data suggests that the design of the traditional Foley catheter may be responsible for bladder mucosal injury due to contact with the drainage tip, which in turn contribute to bladder infections associated with long term indwelling Foley catheter usage. The Cystosure catheter is an FDA approved bladder drainage device, with a shortened drainage port, designed to avoid contact with the bladder mucosa. It is postulated that the lack of contact with the mucosa would decrease mucosal injury, possibly leading to decreased incidence of catheter related bladder infections. Early sheep bladder microscopy studies have suggested that the Cystosure catheter produces significantly less mucosal injury compared to the Foley catheter following a short period of indwelling bladder catheterization. The present study is designed to compare bladder wall geometry around the drainage balloon in the Foley versus the Cystosure drainage catheters in living women. It is hypothesized that the "tip-less" cystosure catheter will have a smoother, more continuous bladder contour around the drainage port, compared to the traditional Foley catheter tip.
The exercise group participated in dart training for 12 weeks, with sessions held three times per week, each lasting 90 minutes. During the first week of the program, participants received both theoretical and practical instruction on game rules, breathing techniques, and throwing techniques. The training focused on breathing control, throwing techniques, scoring strategies, and involved practicing a set number of exercises.
Many studies have shown that infectious diseases are responsible for the majority of deaths in children under five. Among these children, Acute Respiratory Infections is the most prevalent illness and cause of death worldwide. Acute respiratory infections continue to be the leading cause of death in developing countries, including Ethiopia. In order to predict the main factors contributing to acute respiratory infections in the Amhara regional state of Ethiopia, a machine learning technique was employed. This study utilized data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Seven machine learning models, including logistic regression, random forests, decision trees, Gradient Boosting, support vector machines, Naïve Bayes, and K-nearest neighbors, were employed to forecast the factors influencing acute respiratory infections. The accuracy of each model was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves and various metrics. Among the seven models used, the Random Forest algorithm demonstrated the highest accuracy in predicting acute respiratory infections, with an accuracy rate of 90.35% and Area under the Curve of 94.80%. This was followed by the Decision Tree model with an accuracy rate of 88.69%, K-nearest neighbors with 86.35%, and Gradient Boosting with 82.69%. The Random Forest algorithm also exhibited positive and negative predictive values of 92.22% and 88.83%, respectively. Several factors were identified as significantly associated with ARI among children under five in the Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. These factors, included families with a poorer wealth status (log odds of 0.18) compared to their counterparts, families with four to six children (log odds of 0.1) compared to families with fewer than three living children, children without a history of diarrhea (log odds of -0.08), mothers who had occupation(log odds of 0.06) compared mothers who didn't have occupation, children under six months of age (log odds of -0.05) compared to children older than six months, mothers with no education (log odds of 0.04) compared to mothers with primary education or higher, rural residents (log odds of 0.03) compared to non-rural residents, families using wood as a cooking material (log odds of 0.03) compared to those using electricity. Through Shapley Additive exPlanations value analysis on the Random Forest algorithm, we have identified significant risk factors for acute respiratory infections among children in the Amhara regional state of Ethiopia. The study found that the family's wealth index, the number of children in the household, the mother's occupation, the mother's educational level, the type of residence, and the fuel type used for cooking were all associated with acute respiratory infections. Additionally, the research emphasized the importance of children being free from diarrhea and living in households with fewer children as essential factors for improving children's health outcomes in the Amhara regional state, Ethiopia.
The mechanism by which anagrelide reduces blood platelet count is still under investigation. Studies in patients support a hypothesis of dose-related reduction in platelet production resulting from a decrease in megakaryocyte hypermaturation. In blood withdrawn from normal volunteers treated with anagrelide, a disruption was found in the postmitotic phase of megakaryocyte development and a reduction in megakaryocyte size and ploidy. At therapeutic doses, anagrelide does not produce significant changes in white cell counts or coagulation parameters, and may have a small, but clinically insignificant effect on red cell parameters. Anagrelide inhibits cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase III (PDEIII). PDEIII inhibitors can also inhibit platelet aggregation. However, significant inhibition of platelet aggregation is observed only at doses of anagrelide higher than those required to reduce platelet count.

Following oral administration of 14C-anagrelide in people, more than 70% of radioactivity was recovered in urine. Based on limited data, there appears to be a trend toward dose linearity between doses of 0.5 mg and 2 mg. At fasting and at a dose of 0.5 mg of anagrelide, the plasma half-life is 1.3 hours. The available plasma concentration time data at steady state in patients showed that anagrelide does not accumulate in plasma after repeated administration.

Two major metabolites have been identified (RL603 and 3-hydroxy anagrelide).

There were no apparent differences between patient groups (pediatric versus adult patients) for tmax and for t1/2 for anagrelide, 3-hydroxy anagrelide, or RL603. 

Pharmacokinetic data obtained from healthy volunteers comparing the pharmacokinetics of anagrelide in the fed and fasted states showed that administration of a 1 mg dose of anagrelide with food decreased the Cmax by 14%, but increased the AUC by 20%.

Pharmacokinetic (PK) data from pediatric (age range 7 to 14 years) and adult (age range 16 to 86 years) patients with thrombocythemia secondary to a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD), indicate that dose- and body weight-normalized exposure, Cmax and AUCτ, of anagrelide were lower in the pediatric patients compared to the adult patients (Cmax 48%, AUCτ 55%). 

Pharmacokinetic data from fasting elderly patients with ET (age range 65 to 75 years) compared to fasting adult patients (age range 22 to 50 years) indicate that the Cmax and AUC of anagrelide were 36% and 61% higher respectively in elderly patients, but that the Cmax and AUC of the active metabolite, 3-hydroxy anagrelide, were 42% and 37% lower respectively in the elderly patients.

A pharmacokinetic study at a single dose of 1 mg anagrelide in subjects with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min) showed no significant effects on the pharmacokinetics of anagrelide.

A pharmacokinetic study at a single dose of 1 mg anagrelide in subjects with moderate hepatic impairment showed an 8 fold increase in total exposure (AUC) to anagrelide.
For the repair of injured bone or cartilage, an oxygen enriched material is formed with a high-level (partial pressure) and amount (volume) of dissolved oxygen to support tissue healing. The oxygenated material can be placed in a container having an air valve and pressurized in the container with oxygen to supersaturate the material. The resulting container can be sterilized and transported for use. Immediately prior to use, the valve can be operated to vent the pressure in the container thereby facilitating access to the material. The material can then be applied directly to the hard tissue injury. Absorption of the oxygen to facilitate healing can be enhanced with the use of ultrasonic energy. An oxygen inhibiting film can be placed over the material to direct the oxygen toward the wound.
1,168,173. Lenses. W.P. SOHNGES [trading as SOHNGES OPTIK WILHELM P. SOHNGES]. Dec. 7, 1967 [Dec.13, 1966], No. 55812/67. Heading G2J. A lens comprises a shaped gel, irreversibly hardened so that it is not swellable or soluble in liquids found in the region of the eye, formed from the protein aceous material of the lens of an eye of a warm-blooded animal e.g. cows, sheep and pigs. The gel is formed by (i) dehydrating the protein aceous material or (ii) dissolving the proteinaceous material in an aqueous solution of a salt, acid, alkali or urea and treating with halogen or metal ions or subjecting the sol to an electric field. The gel is shaped by swarfing, pressing or moulding in a shaped permeable membrane. The lens is stabilized by treatment with a tanning agent e.g. formaldehyde or hexamethylene tetramine, which in the case of the latter may be added during gel formation.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a nongas saving cosmetic, capable of producing similar bubbles equal to those when using a fluorocarbon gas, etc., without using the fluorocarbon gas, etc., by filling a liquid composition comprising a specific straight-chain fatty acid, a specified branched fatty acid, a sulfuric ester-based anionic surfactant and an alkali in a specific container. SOLUTION: This nongas shaving cosmetic is obtained by filling a liquid composltion comprising a 12-22C straight-chain fatty acid, a 12-22C branched fatty acid, a sulfuric ester-based anionic surfactant and an alkali in a container equipped with a pushing type pneumatic pump having a mesh attached to a blowoff port. A coconut oil fatty acid obtained by hydrolyzing a coconut oil is preferred as the 12-22C straight-chain fatty acid and isostearlc acid is preferred as the 12-22C branched fatty acid. Sodium polyoxyethylene sulfate is preferred as the sulfuric ester-based anionic surfactant. Triethanolamine, etc., are used as the alkali. The amounts of the blended ingredients are 0.1-10wt.% each of the straight-chain and branched fatty acids, 1-10wt.% surfactant and 1-20wt.% alkali. The weight ratio of the straight-chain to the branched fatty acids is (2:1) to (1:2).
Participants will receive AL-335 800 milligram (mg)+ODV 25 mg+SMV 75 mg once daily for 12 weeks in Cohort 2. Dosing in cohort 2 will be started according to decision of Data Review Committee (DRC).
PURPOSE: Keratoconus (KC), characterized by progressive corneal protrusion and thinning, is a complex disease influenced by the combination of genetic and environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to explore potential gene‒environment interaction between the calpastatin (CAST) gene and eye-rubbing in KC.
METHODS: A case-only study including 930 patients (676 patients with eye-rubbing and 254 patients without eye-rubbing) from the Chinese Keratoconus (CKC) cohort study was performed in the present study. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was conducted using the Illumina Infinium Human Asian Screening Array (ASA) Beadchip. The gene‒environment interactions between CAST gene and eye-rubbing were analyzed using PLINK version 1.90. The interactions between CAST genotypes and eye-rubbing were analyzed by logistic regression models. The SNP-SNP-environment interactions were analyzed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR).
RESULTS: Three SNPs in CAST gene, namely, rs26515, rs27991, and rs9314177, reached the significance threshold for interactions (defined as P < 2.272 × 10-3). Notably, the minor alleles of these three SNPs exhibited negative interactions with eye-rubbing in KC. The results of logistic regression models revealed that the minor allele homozygotes and heterozygotes of rs26515, rs27991, and rs9314177 also exhibited negative interactions with eye-rubbing. Furthermore, GMDR analysis revealed the significant SNP-SNP-environment interactions among rs26515, rs27991, rs9314177, and eye-rubbing in KC.
CONCLUSIONS: This study identified rs26515, rs27991, and rs9314177 in CAST gene existed gene-environment interactions with eye-rubbing in KC, which is highly important for understanding the underlying biological mechanisms of KC and guiding precision prevention and proper management.
Atrial fibrillation is the most common complication after bypass surgery. It is a significant burden to the healthcare system because it is associated with increased hospital costs and a longer hospital length-of-stay. Atrial fibrillation occurring after bypass surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Atrial fibrillation is also associated with an increased risk for strokes, use of potentially harmful drugs, and the need for pacemaker therapy.

This study is for patients who are undergoing elective bypass surgery. Patients who meet study criteria and who consent to participate in the study will be randomized to treatment with omega-3 fatty acids or matching corn oil placebo, prior to surgery. After surgery, treatment will continue until the primary endpoint, atrial fibrillation, is reached, or 14 days, whichever is first.
Program will meet twice a week for a 10-week period. Participants will be a part of cardiovascular exercise sessions led by instructors specializing in the area.
BACKGROUND: Inherited hemoglobin disorders are common in clinical practice. While qualitative (i.e. sickle cell disease) and quantitative (thalassemia) hemoglobinopathies are usually diagnosed clinically and confirmed through simple laboratory assessments, hemoglobin variants with altered oxygen affinity often go undetected due to their typically silent clinical presentation. Hemoglobin (Hb) J-Auckland, a low oxygen affinity hemoglobin variant first described in 1987 in Auckland, New Zealand, is one such silent disorder.
CASE PRESENTATION: We report for the first time a clinically evident case of previously undiagnosed Hb J-Auckland in an 8-year-old girl who presented with unexplained hypoxemia at high altitude. Her oxygen level was corrected with supplemental oxygen and when assessed at low altitude. A brief discussion of the diagnostic approach and clinical implications is provided.
CONCLUSION: Standard hemoglobin analysis is essential for the evaluation of suspected altered affinity hemoglobinopathy, and genetic testing is often required for definitive diagnosis. Early recognition and diagnosis of these variants can prevent mismanagement and improve patient outcomes.
PCT No. PCT/FR93/01077 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 18, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 18, 1994 PCT Filed Oct. 29, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO94/10974 PCT Pub. Date May 26, 1994.Cosmetic preparations revitalizing the skin which use products for external usage on the human body and a product for internal usage on the human body. The products for external usage are comprised by two creams and one solution, which stimulate the epidermal cells and the fibroblasts of the derma, while protecting the epidermis, and the product for internal usage is comprised by small gelatin capsule which carry to the fibroblasts of the derma amino acids and aligo-elements.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the association between computed tomography (CT) features and the corresponding pathological findings in Borrmann type IV (BT-4) gastric cancers and explore the pathological basis of the characteristic CT features.
METHODS: This retrospective study included 84 patients with BT-4 gastric cancers who underwent contrast-enhanced CT and surgical resection. Preoperative CT features were evaluated, including the major location, range, circumferential invasion, perigastric fat infiltration, enlarged lymph nodes, layered enhancement, degree of enhancement, and peak enhanced phase. Postoperative pathological findings were also recorded. Differences in CT features according to different World Health Organization types, surgical margin, adjacent organ invasion, and peritoneal status were assessed using the χ 2 or Fisher exact test (n < 5).
RESULTS: The most common World Health Organization type of BT-4 gastric cancer was poorly cohesive carcinoma (65.5%), which tended to show circumferential invasion, fewer enlarged lymph nodes, and layered enhancement. Although 82 patients with BT-4 gastric cancer (97.6%) had positive lymph nodes, only 26 (31.0%) had enlarged lymph nodes. Lesions originating from the gastroesophageal junction had a higher rate of positive margins ( P < 0.05). Adjacent organ invasion was more likely to occur in lesions with perigastric fat infiltration ( P < 0.05). Patients with circumferential invasion tended to show peritoneal metastasis ( P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The characteristic CT features of BT-4 gastric cancer may be attributed to the corresponding pathological findings. Recognizing the association between CT features and pathological findings may help evaluate the aggressiveness of BT-4 gastric cancers.
Uterine fibroids are common benign tumors found in fertile women. Numerous obstetrical issues, such as dystocia during labor, fetal hypotrophy, a ruptured amniotic sac, early labor, low-birth-weight newborns, etc., are associated with fibrous pregnant uteri. Cesarean myomectomy is not a common procedure because of the possibility of postpartum hysterectomy or a potentially lethal hemorrhage. For the chosen topic, we present two instances of emergency postpartum hysterectomies following cesarean myomectomy. After a cesarean myomectomy, two women experienced a perioperative hemorrhage that required a postpartum hysterectomy without a salpingo-oophorectomy. A postpartum hysterectomy was required in every instance due to the failure of additional hemostatic techniques to control the bleeding after the cesarean myomectomy. In every case, the location and number of fibroids-rather than their size-were the primary factors leading to the postpartum hysterectomy. In order to ensure that the patient is safe and that the advantages outweigh the dangers, the current trends in cesarean myomectomy include aiming to conduct the procedure either electively or when it offers an opportunity. The treatment is still up for debate because it is unknown how dangerous a second hysterectomy is for people who have had a cesarean myomectomy.