anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Gastric cancer (GC) is a globally frequent cancer, in particular leading in mortality caused by digestive tract cancers in China. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is excessively expressed in cancers including GC; its involvement in GC development, particularly in multidrug resistance (MDR), and the signal route it affects in GC remain unknown. To explore the roles VEGFA plays during progression and MDR formation in GC, we studied its function in a VEGFA-deleted GC cell platform.
METHODS: We initially assessed the importance of VEGFA in GC and MDR using database analysis. Then, using CCK8, wound healing, transwell, scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and other techniques, the alterations in tumor malignancy-connected cell behaviors and microstructures were photographed and evaluated in a VEGFA-gene-deleted GC cell line (VEGFA-/-SGC7901). Finally, the mechanism of VEGFA in GC progression and MDR was examined by Western blot.
RESULTS: Database analysis revealed a strong correlation between high VEGFA expression and a poor prognosis for GC. The results showed that VEGFA deletion reduced GC cell proliferation and motility and altered microstructures important for motility, such as the depolymerized cytoskeleton. VEGFA deletion inhibited the growth of pseudopodia/filopodia and suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The occurrence of MDR is induced by overactivation of the MAPK-AKT and TGFβ signaling pathways, while PTEN inhibits these pathways.
CONCLUSIONS: All findings suggested that VEGFA acts as a cancer enhancer and MDR inducer in GC via the MAPK-AKT/PTEN/TGFβ signal pathway.
Acute rhinosinusitis is one of the most common diseases in the population, both in primary and specialist otolaryngological care. It is also responsible for a disturbingly high percentage of prescribed antibiotic therapy, regardless of the etiology of the disease. Despite the fact that acute viral and acute postviral rhinosinusitis dominate among the phenotypes of acute rhinosinusitis, and the development of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis occurs in only 0.5-2% of all cases in adults and 5-10% in children, antibiotics still remain an important element of treatment, despite alarming data on the growing antibiotic resistance and the adverse effect of antibiotics on the human microbiome, leading to dysbiosis. The discovery of antibiotics was one of the greatest achievements of modern medicine, but their inappropriate use leads to the gradual increase in the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance, considered one of the most serious public health problems, recognized by the WHO as one of the 10 greatest threats to human health in the 21<sup>st</sup> century. The unjustified use of antibiotics in outpatient care is the key to the growth of this problem, in parallel with the lack of patient compliance. The COVID pandemic has intensified this unfavourable trend. That is why the knowledge of antibiotic stewardship is so important. According to the guidelines, in the therapy of acute rhinosinusitis, symptomatic and anti-inflammatory treatment dominates, and antibiotic therapy has very strictly defined and limited indications. The latest guidelines also recommend herbal medicines, including BNO 1016, in the treatment of acute viral and postviral rhinosinusitis. Available studies indicate that it has a beneficial effect not only on shortening the duration of the disease and reducing symptoms, but also reduces the need for antibiotic treatment in acute rhinosinusitis. Complications of acute rhinosinusitis are relatively rare and are not related to taking antibiotics.
AIM: Pain is reconstructed by brain activities and its subjectivity comes from an interplay of multiple factors. The current study aims to understand the contribution of genetic factors to the neural processing of pain. Focusing on the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) A118G (rs1799971) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) val158met (rs4680), we investigated how the two pain genes affect pain processing.
METHOD: We integrated a genetic approach with functional neuroimaging. We extracted genomic DNA information from saliva samples to genotype the SNP of OPRM1 and COMT. We used a percept-related model, in which two different levels of perceived pain intensities ("low pain: mildly painful" vs "high pain: severely painful") were employed as experimental stimuli.
RESULTS: Low pain involves a broader network relative to high pain. The distinct effects of pain genes were observed depending on the perceived pain intensity. The effects of low pain were found in supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) for OPRM1 and in middle temporal gyrus for COMT. For high pain, OPRM1 affected the insula and cerebellum, while COMT affected the middle occipital gyrus and ACC.
CONCLUSION: OPRM1 primarily affects sensory and cognitive components of pain processing, while COMT mainly influences emotional aspects of pain processing. The interaction of the two pain genes was associated with neural patterns coding for high pain and neural activation in the ACC in response to pain. The proteins encoded by the OPRM1 and COMT may contribute to the firing of pain-related neurons in the human ACC, a critical center for subjective pain experience.
Do not abruptly discontinue Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine in a patient physically dependent on opioids. Rapid tapering of Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine in a patient physically dependent on opioids may lead to a withdrawal syndrome and return of pain [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.3)]. 

Additionally, avoid the use of mixed agonist/antagonist (e.g., pentazocine, nalbuphine, and butorphanol) or partial agonist (e.g., buprenorphine) analgesics in patients who are receiving a full opioid agonist analgesic, including Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules. In these patients, mixed agonist/antagonist and partial agonist analgesics may reduce the analgesic effect and/or precipitate withdrawal symptoms.

When discontinuing Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, in a physically-dependent patient, gradually taper the dosage [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)]. Do not abruptly discontinue Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules in these patients. Abrupt discontinuation of butalbital can cause seizures [see Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.3)].
Hypersensitivity reactions, including infusion-related and anaphylactic reactions, have been observed during and following administration of VEKLURY; most occurred within one hour. Signs and symptoms may include hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, bradycardia, hypoxia, fever, dyspnea, wheezing, angioedema, rash, nausea, diaphoresis, and shivering. Slower infusion rates, with a maximum infusion time of up to 120 minutes, can be considered to potentially prevent these signs and symptoms. Monitor patients during infusion and observe patients for at least one hour after infusion is complete for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity as clinically appropriate. If signs and symptoms of a clinically significant hypersensitivity reaction occur, immediately discontinue administration of VEKLURY and initiate appropriate treatment. The use of VEKLURY is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to VEKLURY or any components of the product [see Contraindications (4)].
A brain extraction and coil shimming correction model establishment method for brain images is provided. A computer device builds a generator model and a discriminator model. For each training data, the discriminator model generates a first prediction result and a second prediction result according to a three-dimensional brain image before image processing and a three-dimensional brain image after image processing of the training data, and a first brain extraction and correction image generated by the generator model. The discriminator model is adjusted based on the first prediction result and the second prediction result. The adjusted discriminator model generates a third prediction result according to the three-dimensional brain image before image processing and the first brain extraction and correction image. Finally, the adjusted generator model is obtained according to the third prediction result.
This was a retrospective study of a clinical observational cohort. The patients were admitted and definitely diagnosed by liver biopsy as drug-induced liver injury from September 2014 to September 2019, in the Second Department of Liver Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were enrolled, and these patients also met the RUCAM score and were clinically diagnosed as DILI. Baseline clinical data and follow-up biochemical data at 3, 6, and 12 months were collected. SPSS software was used to analyze the characteristics of clinical data and the dynamic changes of biochemical indicators. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors associated with the chronicity of DILI. Bivariate Logistic regression model and ROC curve were used to obtain the clinical indicators for combined diagnosis of chronicity of DILI patients. To investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors of drug-induced liver injury.
The invention relates to a theranostic agent and a preparation method thereof. The prepared theranostic agent consists of internal liquid fluorocarbon nanoparticles and an external gold nanoshell. With the functions of ultrasonic contrast imaging diagnosis and photothermal treatment at the same time, the theranostic agent successfully integrates real-time, efficient, low-cost and radiationless contrast-enhanced ultrasound diagnosis with high selectivity, high efficacy near-infrared photothermal treatment. By means of only one composite agent, the diagnosis and treatment functions can be realized simultanesouly. Due to integration of diagnosis and treatment, intermediate links are reduced, diagnosis and treatment efficiency can be enhanced, and toxic and side effects are lowered at the same time. Thus, the theranostic agent has very good clinical application potential.
: An interlabial mass in newborn girls is diagnosed usually after birth or during the first days or weeks of life. According to various studies, its prevalence ranges between 1 : 500 and 1 : 7,000 newborn girls. A mass in the vaginal introitus or between the labia majora can cause a diagnostic dilemma and may be suspected even of ambiguous genitalia. Interlabial masses of different etiologies present clinically similar, and therefore, can be misdiagnosed. The most common causes of an interlabial mass in a newborn are hymenal and paraurethral cysts, both of which present as thin-walled spherical formations filled with golden fluid. When diagnosing a cystic interlabial tumor, it is necessary to particularly exclude a non-perforated hymen with hydrocolpos and prolapse of an ectopic ureterocele. In the differential diagnosis, prolapse of the urethra, rhabdomyosarcoma of the vagina or cervix, urethral or vaginal polyps, and extremely rare conditions such as genital prolapse or duplicate rectum cannot be omitted. A newborn girl with an interlabial formation should be examined by a pediatrician, gynecologist, surgeon, or urologist depending on the nature of the clinical findings. Once the etiology of an interlabial mass is identified, expectant management or surgery should be chosen. Early surgical treatment of hydrocolpos and prolapse of a ureterocele can prevent lower urinary tract obstruction and life-threatening renal damage.
Congenital saccular cyst of the larynx is a rare cause of presentation of stridor and respiratory distress in newborns. The clinical presentation of a saccular laryngeal cyst often overlaps with other common causes of stridor, such as laryngomalacia, presenting a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians. We present a case of a term newborn infant referred for evaluation of inspiratory stridor since birth. Microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy confirmed the presence of a large cystic mass obstructing the supraglottis. Marsupialisation of the cyst was performed with resolution of stridor, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a saccular laryngeal cyst. Our case highlights the importance of considering congenital saccular laryngeal cysts, although rare, in the differential diagnoses of neonatal stridor. Prompt recognition, early endoscopic airway evaluation and surgical intervention are crucial to preventing potentially life-threatening airway obstruction in a newborn presenting with stridor.
PURPOSE: To provide a hair cosmetic comprising a spray container and a hair- treating agent charged in the spray container, and enabling to spray the hair- treating agent in any direction without limiting the holding direction and the pressing direction for the spray container, when the hair cosmetic is upward sprayed. CONSTITUTION: One end of a stem 106 is inserted into a housing 10 through a gasket 104, and the other is projected toward the outside of the housing 105. A spray nozzle 112 is communicated and connected to the outer periphery of the projected part. A circular press member 117 is fit onto the outer periphery of the spray nozzle 112 through a floating distance 121. The engaging part 118 of the press member 117 is dashed to the engaging stage 116 of the spray nozzle 112, and the circular engagement-receiving flange 124 of a fixed member 123 is engaged with the engaging flange 122 of a press member 117 disposed toward the more outer periphery than the engaging member 118. A hair-treating agent is changed into the spray container to give the hair cosmetic.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite the well-established efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for Parkinson's Disease (PD), there remains a subset of patients with only a moderate improvement in symptoms even with appropriate lead placement and optimal programming. In patients with persistent tremor or dyskinesias, one consideration is the addition of a second "rescue lead" to provide dual stimulation to primary and secondary targets to address the refractory component. This study aimed to assess all "rescue lead" cases from our institution and characterize the patients and their outcomes.
METHODS: Records of all patients with PD treated at our institution between 2005 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data of all patients treated with a second rescue lead to supplement a positive but inadequate initial DBS response were collected and reviewed.
RESULTS: Of 670 patients with PD treated at our institution during the study period, 7 were managed with a rescue lead. All 7 were initially treated with STN DBS with a partial improvement in underlying symptoms, had confirmed appropriate lead placement, and underwent thorough programming. Four patients underwent rescue with a globus pallidus interna lead for persistent dyskinesias, all with subsequent improvement in their dyskinesias. Three patients had persistent tremors that were treated with a rescue ventrointermediate thalamus stimulation with subsequent improvement in tremor scores. There were no operative complications, and all patients tolerated dual stimulation.
CONCLUSION: For a small subset of patients with PD with persistent dyskinesias or tremors after STN DBS despite optimized lead parameters and adequate lead placement, rescue lead placement offers an effective treatment option.
Olfaction may play a restricted role in human behavior, yet paradoxically, its absence in anosmia is associated with diverse deleterious outcomes, culminating in reduced life expectancy. The mammalian nose serves two purposes: olfaction and breathing. Because respiratory patterns are impacted by odors, we hypothesized that nasal respiratory airflow may be altered in anosmia. We apply a wearable device that precisely logs nasal airflow for 24-hour-long sessions in participants with isolated congenital anosmia and controls. We observe significantly altered patterns of respiratory nasal airflow in anosmia in wake and in sleep. These differences allow classification of anosmia at 83% accuracy using the respiratory trace alone. Patterns of respiratory airflow have pronounced impact on health, emotion and cognition. We therefore suggest that a portion of the deleterious outcomes associated with anosmia may be attributed to altered patterns of respiratory nasal airflow rather than a direct result of lost odor perception per se.
A pill delivery system is provided that includes a needle, more particularly an enhanced probe of a long-acting formulation syringe, having an inner surface defining a passageway. The needle has a first portion extending along a longitudinal axis and a curved second portion including an opening in communication with the passageway. The second portion extends transverse to the longitudinal axis. The pill is positioned in the passageway. A plunger is slidably positioned in the passageway. The plunger includes a shaft having a rounded tip configured to push a pill through the first and second portions and out of the opening without the pill becoming lodged within the passageway or opening. Implants, systems, constructs, instruments, and methods are disclosed.
There is a lack of evidence from high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise training for African-Americans with multiple sclerosis (MS), as only 1.7% of participants in physical activity and exercise research involving persons with MS identify as African-American. The population of African-Americans with MS deserves equal and focal research that addresses the unique challenges of MS in the African-American rural residing community. We uniquely address this population with a highly-developed and refined exercise training program that is racially-tailored for the target population. We further provide a highly-developed and refined exercise training program that can be undertaken in one's home and/or local community, and does not require facility access that is extremely limited in the target, rural residing population of persons with MS. The program is further tailored based on qualitative research and addresses the unique needs of the African-American community with MS. There is no other research program this advanced in study refinement and design for immediate integration into a high-quality RCT for changing the lives of African-Americans with MS who reside in rural communities of the Southeastern portion of the United States. If successful, the study, as designed, will provide Class I evidence that is necessary for immediate implementation after trial completion through insurance providers and healthcare providers, including physical therapists, rehabilitation practitioners, and community health workers/providers. This program further aligns with recently developed and highly-refined conceptual and practice models for implementation of exercise into the care of persons with MS.
Mindfulness-SOS for Refugees is a brief internet-based mobile-supported intervention program which is a mobile health adaptation of MBTR-R, mindfulness- and compassion-based, trauma-sensitive, and socio-culturally adapted group intervention program designed for FDPs. Mindfulness-SOS for Refugees entails 8 brief sessions and 9 mindfulness meditation practice exercises - delivered via audio recordings using participants' smartphones. Mid-intervention, 3-weeks following randomization, all participants will be re-assessed. Participants initially randomized to MG-Mindfulness-SOS will be identified as either responders or non-responders. Responders will be assigned to continue MG-Mindfulness-SOS. Non-responders will be re-randomized to either Intensified-Guidance Mindfulness-SOS (IG-Mindfulness-SOS), an adaptive intervention sequence condition, or to continue with the MG-Mindfulness-SOS, a non-adaptive intervention sequence condition.
Macrophages in obese adipose tissue have been shown to damage nerve fibers, however, the mechanism underlying how macrophages cause glial cell damage remains unknown. This study aimed to characterize the mechanism by which macrophages induce apoptosis in glial cell during obesity formation in mice by single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq). Cells obtained from paraepididymal adipose tissue in obese mice underwent snRNA-seq. Eighteen different clusters were identified, and 12 cell types were annotated, including glial cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. There was a negative correlation between the number of glial cells and macrophages in mouse adipose tissue during the formation of obesity. The pro-apoptotic factor PHLPP1 was identified in GO Terms. The interaction between adipose tissue glial cells and macrophages was revealed via in-depth analysis, and the cell-cell communication mechanism between the TNF-α and NF-KB/PHLPP1 axes was perfected. Apoptosis of glial cell by upregulation of TNF-α via obesity-derived macrophages and activation of the NF-κB/PHLPP1 axis. We further revealed how macrophages induce apoptosis in glial cells during obesity formation, as well as different changes in the two cell populations. This study provides valuable resources and foundations for understanding the mechanistic effects of macrophages and glial cells during obesity formation, as well as diseases and potential interventions.
Hydroxocobalamin, the active ingredient in CYANOKIT, is cobinamide dihydroxide dihydrogen phosphate (ester), mono (inner salt), 3'-ester with 5,6-dimethyl-1-α-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-benzimidazole, an antidote. The drug substance is the hydroxylated active form of vitamin B12 and is a large molecule in which a trivalent cobalt ion is coordinated in four positions by a tetrapyrol (or corrin) ring. It is a hygroscopic, odorless, dark red, crystalline powder that is freely soluble in water and ethanol, and practically insoluble in acetone and diethyl ether. Hydroxocobalamin has a molecular weight of 1346.36 atomic mass units, an empirical formula of C62H89CoN13O15P and the following structural formula: 

CYANOKIT (hydroxocobalamin for injection) for intravenous infusion is a cyanide antidote package which contains one colorless 250 mL glass vial, containing 5 g dark red lyophilized hydroxocobalamin, pH adjusted with hydrochloric acid, one transfer spike, one intravenous administration set, one quick use reference guide and one package insert. 

The 5 g vial of hydroxocobalamin for injection is to be reconstituted with 200 mL of 0.9% NaCl, to give a dark red injectable solution (25 mg/mL). If 0.9% NaCl is not readily available, 200 mL of either Lactated Ringers injection or 5% Dextrose injection (D5W) may be used as the diluent. Diluent is not included in the CYANOKIT. The pH of the reconstituted product ranges from 3.5 to 6.0.
An inclusion complex of clopidogrel having platelet-aggregating activity and beta-cyclodextrin is provided to improve storage stability of clopidogrel having hygroscopy in a form of free base by reacting with cyclodextrin, and offer physical properties suitable for preparation of formulation. An inclusion complex of clopidogrel represented by the formula(1), having improved storage stability contains the clopidogrel and beta-cyclodextrin in an equivalent ratio of 1:1.0-2.0. A method for preparing the inclusion complex of clopidogrel comprises the steps of: (1) solubilizing clopidogrel in distilled water or acidic solution; (2) adding the solution of step (1) into the distilled water or acidic solution containing 1.0-2 equivalent of beta-cyclodextrin based on 1 equivalent of clopidogrel, and stirring the mixture at 30-70 deg. C; (3) neutralizing the reaction product with hydroxide of alkali metal at 0-50 deg. C; and (4) filtering, washing and drying the reaction product, wherein the clopidogrel is clopidogrel base selected from free base, premix, adsorbate or solid dispersant of clopidogrel, or clopidogrel salt selected from clopidogrel bisulfate, clopidogrel hydrochloride, clopidogrel bromate and clopidogrel benzensulfonate. A composition for inhibiting platelet aggregation comprises the inclusion complex of clopidogrel and beta-cyclodextrin.