anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Circadian rhythms regulate physiological processes in approximately 24 h cycles, and their disruption is associated with various diseases. Inflammation may perturb circadian rhythms, though these interactions remain unclear. This study examined whether systemic inflammation induced by an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could alter central and peripheral circadian rhythms and diurnal neuroimmune dynamics. Mice were randomly assigned to two groups: the saline control group and the LPS group. The diurnal expression of circadian clock genes and inflammatory cytokines were measured in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and liver. Diurnal dynamic behaviors of microglia were also assessed. Our results revealed that the LPS perturbed circadian gene oscillations in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and liver. Furthermore, systemic inflammation induced by the LPS could trigger neuroinflammation and perturb the diurnal dynamic behavior of microglia in the hippocampus. These findings shed light on the intricate link between inflammation and circadian disruption, underscoring their significance in relation to neurodegenerative diseases.
The exocrine pancreas is the main source of digestive enzymes which are released from secretory vesicles of acinar cells into the small intestine. Enzymes, including amylases, proteases and lipases, degrade the ingested food and thus determine the nutritional substrate for the gut microbiota. Acute (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) are associated with a transitional or progressive exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, we analysed in the present study how an experimental induction of pancreatitis in mouse models affects the colonic and duodenal microbiome composition. Evaluation by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing revealed specific microbiome changes in colonic as well as in duodenal samples in different models of AP and CP. Mild acute pancreatitis, which is associated with a transient impairment of pancreatic secretion showed only minor changes in microbial composition, comparable to the ones seen in progressive dysfunctional mouse models of CP. The strongest changes were observed in a mouse model of severe AP, which suggest a direct effect of the immune response on gut microbiome in addition to a pancreatic dysfunction. Our data indicate that highly dysbiotic microbiome changes during pancreatitis are more associated with the inflammatory reaction than with a disturbed pancreatic secretion.
AIMS: Although conventional interventions for people at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes are usually conducted face-to-face, such interventions are burdensome for health care providers. We developed a lifestyle intervention program combining lifestyle coaching via a smartphone application augmented by intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring without burdening health care providers. Its effectiveness for glycemic control and body weight reduction in people at risk of type 2 diabetes was investigated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this 12-week randomized unblinded trial with offline recruitment, participants with a hemoglobin A1c level of 5.6% to 6.4% or a fasting blood glucose of 110 to 125 mg/dL and body mass index (BMI) >23 kg/m2 but <40 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to the intervention group (App) and control group (C). The primary endpoint was the difference in time in range of blood glucose between 70 and 140 mg/dL (3.9-7.8 mmol/L) before and after the study period between the 2 groups.
RESULTS: Among 168 patients (mean age, 48.1 years; mean BMI, 26.6 kg/m2; and male, 80.4%), 82 and 86 were assigned to the App group and C group, respectively. After 12 weeks, time in range of blood glucose at 70 to 140 mg/dL significantly improved in the App group compared with the C group (-2.6 minutes/day vs +31.5 minutes/day, P = .03). Changes in time above range did not differ, whereas time below range (blood glucose <70 mg/dL; +23.5 minutes/day vs -8.9 minutes/day, P = .02) improved in the App group. BMI (-0.26 vs -0.59, P = .017) was reduced in the App group compared with the C group.
CONCLUSION: Intervention with a smartphone app and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring increased glycemic control accompanied by decreased carbohydrate intake and weight loss. Further trials are needed to confirm whether these interventions can reduce incident type 2 diabetes.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection disrupts the epithelial barrier and triggers airway inflammation. The envelope (E) protein, a core virulence structural component of coronaviruses, may play a role in this process. Pathogens could interfere with transepithelial Cl- transport via impairment of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which modulates nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. However, the pathological effects of SARS-CoV-2 E protein on airway epithelial barrier function, Cl- transport and the robust inflammatory response remain to be elucidated. Here, we have demonstrated that E protein down-regulated the expression of tight junctional proteins, leading to the disruption of the airway epithelial barrier. In addition, E protein triggered the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4 and downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, resulting in an increased intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) via up-regulating phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) expression in airway epithelial cells. This elevated [Cl-]i contributed to the heightened airway inflammation through promoting the phosphorylation of serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1). Moreover, blockade of SGK1 or PDE4 alleviated the robust inflammatory response induced by E protein. Overall, these findings provide novel insights into the pathogenic role of SARS-CoV-2 E protein in airway epithelial damage and the ongoing airway inflammation during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
BACKGROUND: Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying gray leaf spot (GLS) resistance in maize is crucial for breeding GLS-resistant inbred lines and commercial hybrids. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and gene functional annotation are valuable methods for identifying potential SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) and candidate genes associated with GLS resistance in maize.
RESULTS: In this study, a total of 757 lines from five recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of maize at the F7 generation were used to construct an association mapping panel. SNPs obtained through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) were used to perform GWAS for GLS resistance using a linear mixture model in GEMMA. Candidate gene screening was performed by analyzing the 10 kb region upstream and downstream of the significantly associated SNPs linked to GLS resistance. Through GWAS analysis of multi-location phenotypic data, we identified ten candidate genes that were consistently detected in two locations or from one location along with best linear unbiased estimates (BLUE). One of these candidate genes, Zm00001d003257 that might impact GLS resistance by regulating gibberellin content, was further identified through haplotype-based association analysis, candidate gene expression analysis, and previous reports.
CONCLUSIONS: The discovery of the novel candidate gene provides valuable genomic resources for elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying GLS resistance in maize. Additionally, these findings will contribute to the development of new genetic resources by utilizing molecular markers to facilitate the genetic improvement and breeding of maize for GLS resistance.
Tetrandrine (TET) is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid derived from Stephania tetrandra S. Moor, known for its potential use in attenuating the progression of silicosis. However, the precise effects and underlying mechanisms of TET remain controversial. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the pharmacological mechanism of TET using a network pharmacology approach, while also evaluating its effect on silica-induced lung fibrosis in mice and TGF-β1-stimulated pulmonary fibroblasts in vitro. We employed network pharmacology to unravel the biological mechanisms through which TET may exert its therapeutic effects on pulmonary fibrosis and silicosis. In a silica-induced mouse model of lung fibrosis, TET was administered orally either during the early or late stage of fibrotic progression. Additionally, we examined the effects of TET on fibroblasts stimulated by TGF-β1 in vitro. Through the analysis, we identified a total of 101 targets of TET, 7,851 genes associated with pulmonary fibrosis, and 80 overlapping genes. These genes were primarily associated with key pathways such as epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway, and the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) signaling pathway. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis revealed the binding of TET to AKT1, the catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, and KDR. In vivo experiments demonstrated that TET significantly alleviated silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and reduced the expression of fibrotic markers. Moreover, TET exhibited inhibitory effects on the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of TGF-β1-induced lung fibroblasts in vitro. Notably, TET mitigated silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, our findings suggest that TET possesses the ability to suppress silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These results provide valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of TET in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis and silicosis.
This article undertakes a comprehensive investigation of ovarian cancer, examining the complex nature of this challenging disease. The main focus is on understanding the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the context of ovarian cancer (OC), and their regulatory functions in disease progression. Through extensive research, the article identifies specific lncRNAs that play significant roles in the intricate molecular processes of OC. Furthermore, the study examines the signaling pathways involved in the development of OC, providing a detailed comprehension of the underlying molecular mechanisms. By connecting lncRNA dynamics with signaling pathways, this exploration not only advances our understanding of ovarian cancer but also reveals potential targets for therapeutic interventions. The findings open up opportunities for targeted treatments, highlighting the importance of personalized approaches in addressing this complex disease and driving progress in ovarian cancer research and treatment strategies.
Manualized Behavioral Activation (BA) protocol delivered via videoconferencing by a trained BA interventionist; 5 sessions over 5 weeks, up to 1-hour in length. The interventionist guides participants in learning BA skills, focusing on strategies to decrease barriers to social connectedness (e.g., limited mobility, inadequate caregiving resources).
Weight loss counseling program based on 2 group visits of ELVIRA counseling method. Participant have also persuasive ICT support.
High mortality due to hygrothermal stress during heat waves is mostly linked to cardiovascular malfunction, the most serious of which are malignant arrhythmias. However, the mechanism associated with hygrothermal stress leading to malignant arrhythmias remains unclear. The energy metabolism regulated by liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the electrical signaling based on gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43), plays important roles in the development of cardiac arrhythmias. In order to investigate whether hygrothermal stress induces arrhythmias via the LKB1-AMPK-Cx43 pathway, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to high temperature and humidity for constructing the hygrothermal stress model. A final choice of 40 °C and 85% humidity was made by pre-exploration based on different gradient environmental conditions with reference to arrhythmia event-inducing stability and risk of sudden death. Then, the incidence of arrhythmic events, as well as the expression, phosphorylation at Ser368, and distribution of Cx43 in the myocardium, were examined. Meanwhile, the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activator, Acadesine, was also administered to investigate the role played by AMPK in the process. Our results showed that hygrothermal stress induced malignant arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and severe atrioventricular block. Besides, hygrothermal stress decreased the phosphorylation of Cx43 at Ser368, induced proarrhythmic redistribution of Cx43 from polar to lateral sides of the cardiomyocytes, and also caused LKB1 and phosphorylated-AMPK expression to be less abundant. While, pretreatment with Acadesine significantly actived the LKB1-AMPK-Cx43 pathway and thus ameliorated malignant arrhythmias, indicating that the hygrothermal stress-induced arrhythmias is associated with the redistribution of gap junctions in cardiomyocytes and the organism's energy metabolism.
Participants randomized to the ABMT group will undergo active attention bias modification training. The emoji-based ABMT protocol will be adapted from the attention bias modification task from Browning et al., 2012. The stimuli used during the task are pictures of emoji displaying emotional expressions that have valences that are either positive, neutral, or negative. The positive, negative and neutral emojis will be chosen from the outcome of a preliminary rating questionnaire.
This Phase II multi-country trial was conducted as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 650 HIV-positive adults with no evidence of active TB disease. Subjects were stratified at the time of randomization by whether or not they were receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and then randomized in a ratio of 1:1 to receive either MVA85A/AERAS-485 at 1 x 10\^8 plaque forming units (pfu) or placebo (Candin). Randomization of each group was capped so that at least 50% of the subjects randomized were receiving ART at randomization. Subjects were to receive an intradermal injection of MVA85A/AERAS-485 or placebo on Study Day 0, followed 6-9 months later by a booster injection of MVA85A/AERAS-485 or placebo. The minimum follow-up period for each subject was 6 months after their last vaccination, during which subjects were followed for safety, clinical signs and symptoms of TB, and immunogenicity. All subjects were to continue to be followed every 3 months until the last subject enrolled had been followed for 6 months after their last vaccination.
In our research in addition to the standard intraoperative monitoring, which includes the assessment of ECG and saturation, the investigators would like to estimate muscle relaxation by using two different methods: a TOF-Cuff which additionally allows to measure inoperative blood pressure and TOF-Scan with different sensor. Our aim is to compare two different methods of muscle relaxation monitoring in patients who will administer muscle relaxant - mivacurium. After receiving painkillers and hypnotics, when the patient is falling asleep, the standard dose of mivacurium 0.2 mg / kg body weight will be administered. Then, painless simultaneous stimulation with TOF-Cuff and TOF-Scan devices will begin. Until intubation, measurements will be made in every 30 seconds and then every 5 minutes until extubation. Extubation will take place according to the guidelines when the TOF-Cuff measurement on the arm is greater than 0.9 - this is the value at which the patient is considered ready to start breathing on his own. The following will be documented: the initiation of drug administration, intubation, possible repeated doses of mivacurium 2 mg, antagonization, extubation, possible side effects (e.g., transient cardiac disturbances, reddening of the skin, lowering blood pressure, bronchospasm, erythema, urticaria) and technical problems.
The control group will wear a Fitbit step counter across 8 weeks. In addition, they will use the MindHike smartphone application across 8 weeks. Each day, the app sends the a reminder to wear the Fitbit.
BACKGROUND: A co-surgeon model is known to be favorable in microvascular breast reconstruction, but simultaneous co-surgeon deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap cases have not been well-studied. The authors hypothesize that performing two simultaneous co-surgeon bilateral DIEP flap reconstructions results in non-inferior clinical outcomes and may improve patient access to care.
METHODS: A single-institution, retrospective cohort study was performed utilizing record review to identify all cases of co-surgeon free-flap breast reconstructions over a 38-month period. Patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral DIEP flap breast reconstructions with the same two co-surgeons were identified. The control group consisted of subjects who underwent non-simultaneous reconstruction by the same co-surgeons within the same, preceding, or following month of those in the study group. Primary outcome variables were 90-day postoperative complications, while secondary outcomes were operating time, ischemia time, and length of stay. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed.
RESULTS: Overall, 137 subjects were identified and 64 met the inclusion criteria (n = 28 study, n = 36 control). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in body mass index, radiation, trainee experience, flap perforator number, immediate/delayed reconstruction, or length of stay. There were also no statistically significant differences in complications, including flap loss, anastomosis revision, take-back to the operating room, or re-admission. Operative time was longer in the simultaneous DIEP group (540.5 vs. 443.5 min, p < 0.01), but ischemia time was shorter in the simultaneous group (64.0 vs. 80.5 min, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: A simultaneous co-surgeon approach to bilateral DIEP flap reconstruction may improve access to care and does not result in a higher complication rate compared with non-simultaneous bilateral DIEP flaps.
All participants receive BNT103. BNT103 provides 10 sessions over approximately 10 weeks.
Anionic manganese oxide nanoparticle nucleic acid scavengers are biodegradable anionic scavengers with low cytotoxicity capable of scavenging (binding) cell-free nucleic acids (e.g., extracellular ssRNA, dsRNA, and unmethylated DNA) providing treatment for a variety of medical conditions. The main component of the scavenger is manganese oxide, which can be synthesized by using a manganese compound (e.g., manganese acetate) and an acid (e.g., tannic acid) at a high temperature (e.g., 100-150 ℃). The synthesis may be carried out by mixing the manganese compound and the acid in water to form a mixture, stirring, heating and cooling. Anionic manganese oxide nanoparticles are extracted from the cooled mixture. Typical dimensions of the resulting nanomaterial range from 30 to 100nm; the zeta potential of the nanomaterial so prepared is about-20 mV. The nanoparticles have a variety of uses, including administration to a subject to treat inflammation or to treat cancer.
The same participants with Arm1. But image set will consist of a Cross-sectional image and CEUS.
This is a Type 3 implementation-effectiveness type study using a modified stepped wedge design. The study's purpose is to examine the effectiveness of Implementation Facilitation (IF) to prompt participating Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPs) to utilize interim methadone treatment and other approaches to reduce OTP admission delays. Interim methadone treamtent is an evidence-based practice permitted under federal OTP regulations to provide methadone treatment without routine counseling for individuals requesting methadone treatment who otherwise would not be able to be admitted to such treatment within 14 days of request. The study will be conducted at six OTPs in the US that are unable to admit individuals within 14 days of their request for methadone treatment. The OTPs will participate in a baseline Pre-Implementation Phase, an Implementation Phase, followed by a Sustainability Phase. OTPs will be randomly assigned in groups of two to the order in which they will initiate the Implementation Phase. IF will be delivered at the level of the OTP staff and their state health department official responsible for OTP oversight. OTP staff and state health department officials will be interviewed regarding facilitators and barriers to implementing interim methadone and other approaches to reduce admission delays. De-identified data will be gathered from the OTPs on the effectiveness of IF in prompting the implementation of interim methadone and reducing admission delays.
Methods and systems are provided for pairing a command device to a remotely controlled medical system. A command device is paired to a remotely controlled system, to control one or more medical devices from the command device. Registering the command device is done at a registration component at a designated location in an operating area, with an identifier for the operating area. While registered, the command device is able to transmit commands for controlling the medical equipment. The command device location is repeatedly estimated from its sensors based on markers or beacons in the operating area, to determine if it has left the area. Upon leaving, it is deregistered.
The main objective of this study was to explore the dietary behaviors of parents and their adult children, focusing on patterns, potential intrinsic and extrinsic predictors of body mass, and determinants of becoming overweight. Non-probability, cross-sectional sampling was used to select participants from a university student population. Young adults (19-21 years of age, n = 144) and their parents were examined. The data of those family pairs with complete sets of results were used. Dietary patterns and physical activity were assessed with questionnaires (QEB and IPAQ), and body height, weight measurements, and body mass indexes were calculated. A cophylogenetic approach with tanglegrams and heatmaps was used to study patterns, while predictors of body mass index were identified using multiple linear regression, stepwise logistic regression, and mediation analysis procedures. Cophenetic statistics confirmed significant incongruence between fathers and sons, confirmed by Baker's Gamma correlation (rBG = 0.23, p = 0.021), and mothers and daughters (rBG = 0.26, p = 0.030). The relationships between the dietary patterns of the fathers and daughters, as well as mothers and sons, were of medium strength (rBG = 0.33, p = 0.032, rBG = 0.43, p = 0.031; respectively). Most of the patterns were mixed. Fast food, fried meals, alcoholic drinks, energy drinks, and sweetened beverages were associated significantly with being overweight. Significant intrinsic predictors of excessive weight in young adults were sex (b = 2.31, p < 0.001), PA (b = -0.02, p < 0.001), and eating fermented milk and curd cheese (b = -0.55, p = 0.024), while extrinsic (parental) predictors included eating fast food and fried meals (b = -0.44, p = 0.049). Both physical activity and dietary behaviors independently determined the sons' overweight status (b = -1.25, p = 0.008; b = -0.04, p < 0.001; respectively); while only PA did in daughters (b = -0.04, p < 0.001). No mediating effects of physical activity were observed. Adult children and parental dietary patterns were divergent, reflecting the influence of multiple factors on a child's dietary habits. However, this divergence is moderated by sex. Reciprocal interactions between dietary intake-particularly positive dyads such as fruits and vegetables, fermented milk, and curd cheese-and physical activity significantly impacted children's body mass index (BMI). The study of dietary patterns in conjunction with physical activity (both as independent determinants), particularly in relation to the link between overweight/obese children and overweight/obese parents, presents a separate challenge.