anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The postmarketing data include several cases of overdose. The highest reported dose of entacapone was at least 40,000 mg. The acute symptoms and signs commonly seen in these cases included somnolence and decreased activity, states related to depressed level of consciousness (e.g., coma, confusion and disorientation) and discolorations of skin, tongue, and urine, as well as restlessness, agitation, and aggression.

COMT inhibition by entacapone treatment is dose-dependent. A massive overdose of entacapone may theoretically produce a 100% inhibition of the COMT enzyme in humans, thereby preventing the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous catechols.

The highest daily dose given to humans was 2,400 mg, administered in one study as 400 mg six times daily with levodopa and carbidopa for 14 days in 15 Parkinson’s disease patients, and in another study as 800 mg three times daily for 7 days in 8 healthy volunteers. At this daily dose, the peak plasma concentrations of entacapone averaged 2.0 mcg per mL (at 45 minutes, compared to 1.0 mcg per mL and 1.2 mcg per mL with 200 mg entacapone at 45 minutes). Abdominal pain and loose stools were the most commonly observed adverse events during this study. Daily doses as high as 2,000 mg entacapone have been administered as 200 mg 10 times daily with levodopa and carbidopa or levodopa and benserazide for at least 1 year in 10 patients, for at least 2 years in 8 patients and for at least 3 years in 7 patients. Overall, however, clinical experience with daily doses above 1,600 mg is limited.

The range of lethal plasma concentrations of entacapone based on animal data was 80 mcg per mL to 130 mcg per mL in mice. Respiratory difficulties, ataxia, hypoactivity, and convulsions were observed in mice after high oral (gavage) doses.
Table 3 enumerates treatment-emergent adverse events for the placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in adults with ADHD at fixed dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules doses of 20, 30, and 40 mg/day. The table includes only those events that occurred in 5% or more of patients in a dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules dose group and for which the incidences in patients treated with dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules appeared to increase with dose. The prescriber should be aware that these figures cannot be used to predict the incidence of adverse events in the course of usual medical practice where patient characteristics and other factors differ from those which prevailed in the clinical trials. Similarly, the cited frequencies cannot be compared with figures obtained from other clinical investigations involving different treatments, uses, and investigators. The cited figures, however, do provide the prescribing physician with some basis for estimating the relative contribution of drug and non-drug factors to the adverse event incidence rate in the population studied.

Two other adverse reactions occurring in clinical trials with dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules at a frequency greater than placebo, but which were not dose related were: feeling jittery (12% and 2%, respectively) and dizziness (6% and 2%, respectively).

Table 4 summarizes changes in vital signs and weight that were recorded in the adult study (N=218) of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release capsules in the treatment of ADHD.
Rising feed cost challenges due to expensive conventional protein sources continue to make headlines in Africa causing drops in profit margins. We assessed the impact of insect (Hermetia illucens Linnaeus larvae meal, HILM) protein as a substitute for soybean meal and sunflower seed cake on layer chicken performance and profitability. Our results showed that apart from the growers, chicks (12.37 g/bird) and layer hens (2.02 g/bird) fed diets with 75% HILM inclusion levels had significantly higher average daily weight gain. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) varied significantly when the chicks and layer hens were provided with the HILM-based diets. For the chicks and layer hens, the lowest ADFI and FCR were observed in birds subjected to diets with 75% and 100% HILM compared to the growers fed diets with 50% HILM. Significantly higher egg production was observed for layer hens fed diets containing 75% of HILM throughout the first (87.41%) and second (83.05%) phase production cycles. Layer hens fed HILM-based diets had a 3-10% increase in egg laying percentage. There was higher profit margins when birds were fed diets containing 75% of HILM (~1.83 and 5.98 US$ per bird), which mirrored the return on investment estimated at 63.95% and 33.36% for the pullets (growers) and laying hen, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that diets with 75% HILM provided optimum growth performance, reduced feeding costs, increased weight gain and egg production as well as improved economic returns for commercial on-farm poultry production systems.
The participants are instructed to follow a ketogenic diet consisting of 75% fat, 20% protein and 5% carbohydrates. The diet will be standardised and matched to the energy consumption of each participant.
Disclosed is an immunoenzyme test-system for semi-quantitative analysis and determination of avidity of IgG antibodies to 2 type herpes virus "DIA-HSV2-IgG-av", wherein antibodies of virus HSV2 are sorbed to polystyrene plate. goat antibodies against human IgG immunoglobulins are used as a conjugate. The plate wells are sensitized with recombinant anti-gene analog of surface protein G2 HSV2, with that specific antibodies IgG present in the sample are bound with formation of complexes antigen-antibody. To determine index of avidity of specific IgG antibodies serum under investigation is incubated in parallel wells of immune-sorbent, and then one sample is washed in regular mode, and the other one is treated with dissociating solution, this destructs the anti-gene complexes with low-avidity IgG antibodies. The high-avidity anti-bodies are detected with conjugate of monoclonal anti –IgG-antibodies labeled with enzyme. Index of avidity is calculated as ratio of optical density obtained at reveal of specific antibodies IgG in presence of dissociating solution to optical density obtained at analysis of the sample not treated with it.
FIELD: medicine, particularly, pediatrics. SUBSTANCE: neonate's venous blood sample was taken to determine concentration of immunoglobulins of classes G and M and T lymphocytes. When absolute number of T lymphocytes was found below 2.8 ths/ml and ratio of contents of G immunoglobulin to M one was equal to 12.6 and above, about 5 mg of thymogen preparation were administered intranasally into each nostril during five days. If ratio of contents of immunoglobulin G to M one was equal to 8.5 and below, about 1 mg of myelopid preparation was administered intramuscularly at rate of three injections on alternate days. Disclosed method allows determining expediency of prescribing immunocorrecting therapy. EFFECT: treatment period reduced by 5 to 10 days and lethality diminished. 4 tbl
The invention provides a cold autologous blood cardioplegia solution which is good in protection effect on immature myocardial and capable of preventing extracorporeal circulation blood dilution. The solution comprises a crystalloid solution and an autoblood. The crystalloid solution comprises components of, by mass fraction, 10% of a potassium chloride solution, 25% of a magnesium sulfate solution, 2% of a lidocaine solution and 5% of a sodium bicarbonate solution. The volume ratio of the potassium chloride; the magnesium sulfate ; the lidocaine ; the sodium bicarbonate solution is 30:5:3:30. The potassium ion concentration of the cold autologous blood cardioplegia solution is in a range of 9.2mmol/L to 10.8mmol/L or 19.2mmol/L to 20.8mmol/L. The invention further provides a cold autologous blood cardioplegia solution preparation method and an application of the cold autologous blood cardioplegia in pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac surgeries. The cold autologous blood cardioplegia solution, the preparation method and the application have the advantages that the protection effect on immature myocardial is good, dilution of extracorporeal circulation blood, inflammatory factors are not included, and the cardioplegia solution is approach to pre-operation physiological perfusion to the largest extent.
The invention relates to a geranium strictipes film agent which belongs to the class of food, medicaments and health care products and comprises the components of a geranium strictipes extract, a film forming material and the like. For regulating tastes and colors, a flavoring agent and a toner can also be added. All the components and portions are prepared into the film agent by required contents. The film agent has the characteristics of accurate medicament contents, good stability, light weight, small volume, convenient application and the like and is suitable for the application of various administration purposes. Different film forming materials can be prepared into film agents with different medicament release rates, release control films and slow release films. A multilayer compound film agent is also convenient for solving the problem of incompatibility among medicaments.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cachexia is a debilitating condition causing weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting that negatively influences treatment and survival of cancer patients. The objective of this review is to describe recent discoveries on the role of a novel signaling pathway involving ectodysplasin A2 receptor (EDA2R) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-inducing kinase (NIK) in muscle atrophy.
RECENT FINDINGS: Studies identified tumor-induced upregulation of EDA2R expression in muscle tissues in pre-clinical cachexia models and patients with various cancers. Activation of EDA2R by its ligand promoted atrophy in cultured myotubes and muscle tissue, which depended on NIK activity. The non-canonical NFκB pathway via NIK also stimulated muscle atrophy. Mice lacking EDA2R or NIK were protected from muscle loss due to tumors. Tumor-induced cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) upregulated EDA2R expression in muscles whereas OSM receptor-deficient mice were resistant to muscle wasting.
SUMMARY: Recent discoveries revealed a mechanism involving EDA2R-NIK signaling and OSM that drives cancer-associated muscle loss, opening up new directions for designing anti-cachexia treatments. The therapeutic potential of targeting this mechanism to prevent muscle loss should be further investigated. Future research should also explore broader implications of the EDA2R-NIK pathway in other muscle wasting diseases and overall muscle health.
Due to potential for additive effects, caution is warranted in patients receiving diltiazem hydrochloride injection concomitantly with other agent(s) known to affect cardiac contractility and/or SA or AV node conduction (see WARNINGS). 

As with all drugs, care should be exercised when treating patients with multiple medications. Diltiazem hydrochloride undergoes extensive metabolism by the cytochrome P-450 mixed function oxidase system. Although specific pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction studies have not been conducted with single intravenous injection or constant rate intravenous infusion, coadministration of diltiazem hydrochloride injection with other agents which primarily undergo the same route of biotransformation may result in competitive inhibition of metabolism. 

Digitalis. Intravenous diltiazem has been administered to patients receiving either intravenous or oral digitalis therapy. The combination of the two drugs was well tolerated without serious adverse effects. However, since both drugs affect AV nodal conduction, patients should be monitored for excessive slowing of the heart rate and/or AV block. 

Beta-blockers. Intravenous diltiazem has been administered to patients on chronic oral beta-blocker therapy. The combination of the two drugs was generally well tolerated without serious adverse effects. If intravenous diltiazem is administered to patients receiving chronic oral beta-blocker therapy, the possibility for bradycardia, AV block, and/or depression of contractility should be considered (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). Oral administration of diltiazem with propranolol in five normal volunteers resulted in increased propranolol levels in all subjects and bioavailability of propranolol was increased approximately 50%. In vitro, propranolol appears to be displaced from its binding sites by diltiazem. 

Anesthetics. The depression of cardiac contractility, conductivity, and automaticity as well as the vascular dilation associated with anesthetics may be potentiated by calcium channel blockers. When used concomitantly, anesthetics and calcium blockers should be titrated carefully. 

Cyclosporine. A pharmacokinetic interaction between diltiazem and cyclosporine has been observed during studies involving renal and cardiac transplant patients. In renal and cardiac transplant recipients, a reduction of cyclosporine dose ranging from 15% to 48% was necessary to maintain cyclosporine trough concentrations similar to those seen prior to the addition of diltiazem. If these agents are to be administered concurrently, cyclosporine concentrations should be monitored, especially when diltiazem therapy is initiated, adjusted or discontinued. 

The effect of cyclosporine on diltiazem plasma concentrations has not been evaluated. 

Carbamazepine. Concomitant administration of oral diltiazem with carbamazepine has been reported to result in elevated plasma levels of carbamazepine (by 40 to 72%), resulting in toxicity in some cases. Patients receiving these drugs concurrently should be monitored for a potential drug interaction.
There are no interventions specific to this observational study. The nurses and physicians who care for subjects in the study are already competent in the care and management of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring as a requirement of their current employment at Duke University. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage requiring ICP and CSF management will be admitted to the 16 bed Neurocritical Care Unit (NCCU) at Duke Hospital. After admission procedures and a baseline neurologic assessment are complete, the charge nurse or NCCU fellow will notify an investigator of subjects meeting inclusion criteria. The investigator or research coordinator for this project will complete a review preparatory to research (RPR) to ensure no exclusion criteria are present and once subject appropriateness has been confirmed patients and their families will be introduced to the investigator for the purpose of obtaining informed consent. The subject's legally authorized representative (LAR) will be informed of the study's purpose, risks and benefits, and the rights of research subjects.

Data will be collected that reflects the duration of the patient's hospitalization at Duke University through chart abstraction. The study period will be defined as admission to discharge. The attending physician has, and will continue to, determine the appropriateness of the duration of ICP monitoring, NCCU discharge criteria and hospital discharge criteria. Chart abstraction will be completed daily to obtain the ICP values and CSF volumes during that period of time for which the patient has a ventriculostomy.
Participants receive Docetaxel as intravenous infusion for the first cycle (3 weeks). Participants with clinical benefit could receive additional treatment for more cycles. The administration will be terminated because of disease progression or intolerable toxicity occurring or other reasons.
The experimental group will perform a Lumbo-pelvic core stability training program combined with motor control exercises through specific therapeutic exercises of the lumbopelvic centre combined with neurostimulation treatment. The exercise will be adapted according to the phases based on the results already published, the following intervention plan has been designed. Additionally, in each of the phases, the exercises were designed, limiting the degree of flexion/extension and lumbar traction of the exercises. Two weekly sessions will be scheduled during 8 weeks with a total of 24 sessions, each one of 60 minutes of duration. A certified physiotherapist in exercised with at least 10 years of clinical practice has applied treatment.
GBS is a post-infectious immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy with a highly diverse clinical course and outcome despite partially effective forms of treatment(immunoglobulins and plasma exchange). Outcome in patients with GBS has not improved in the last two decades. At present about 10 to 20% of patients remain severely disabled and about 5% die. One explanation for this stagnation is the highly variable clinical course of GBS and the lack of knowledge about the factors that determine the clinical course in individual patients with GBS. GBS may consist of distinct pathogenic subgroups, in which disease onset and progression is influenced by different types of preceding infections, anti-neural antibodies and genetic polymorphisms. Optimal treatment of individual patients may depend on the pathogenesis and clinical severity. Patients with severe forms of GBS may possibly need more intensive treatment to recover. Patients with a milder course that fully recover after standard therapy could suffer from possibly more side effects of more aggressive forms of treatment. This could only be possible if there are prognostic models that accurately predict the clinical course in individual patients. Ideally such models should be based on clinical and biological predictors that are strongly associated with disease course and known as early as possible in the acute phase of illness, when treatment with immunomodulatory therapy is most effective. Prognostic models could help to guide selective trials in specific GBS subtypes. Because of this it will be possible to treat GBS with more effective and more individual therapy.

This study aims to identify clinical and biological determinants and predictors of disease course and outcome in individual patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, as early as possible after onset of disease. This information will be used to understand the diversity in clinical presentation and response to treatment of GBS. This information will also be used to develop new prognostic models to predict the clinical course and outcome accurately in individual patients with GBS.

To address these research questions it is required to conduct a prospective study with standardized collection of clinical data and biomaterials from a large group of well-defined GBS patients during a long follow-up period. Such an extensive study in a relatively rare disease as GBS can be addressed only by intensive international collaboration.
PURPOSE:The titled drug for external use, obtained by blending 3- oxygermylpropionic acid with a high polymer carrier for formulation as a stabilizer in a specific proportion, capable of very well holding antitumor, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity and having high efficacy for a long period. CONSTITUTION:A drug for external use obtained by blending 0.005-5wt% 3-oxygermylpropionic acid expresses by the formula (n is an integer of >=1) with 0.005-25wt% high polymer carrier for formulation as a stabilizer. The above-mentioned high polymer carrier for formulation is selected from natural high polymers, eg.g gelatin, blood serum albumin, etc., synthetic high polymers, e.g. glycol, cellulosic high polymer, etc., proteinaceous mixtures, e.g. peptone, trypsin, etc. The drug is preferably used in the form of ointment or cream for viral single wart, viral multiple wart, dermal cancer, etc., and in the form of suppository for rectal cancer, herpetic dermatitis, etc.
During fatigued conditions, badminton players may experience adverse effects on their ankle joints during smash landings. In addition, the risk of ankle injury may vary with different landing strategies. This study aimed to investigate the influence of sport-specific fatigue factors and two backhand smash actions on ankle biomechanical indices. Thirteen female badminton players (age: 21.2 ± 1.9 years; height: 167.1 ± 4.1 cm; weight: 57.3 ± 5.1 kg; BMI: 20.54 ± 1.57 kg/m2) participated in this study. An 8-camera Vicon motion capture system and three Kistler force platforms were used to collect kinematic and kinetic data before and after fatigue for backhand rear-court jump smash (BRJS) and backhand lateral jump smash (BLJS). A 2 × 2 repeated measures analysis of variance was employed to analyze the effects of these smash landing actions and fatigue factors on ankle biomechanical parameters. Fatigue significantly affected the ankle-joint plantarflexion and inversion angles at the initial contact (IC) phase (p < 0.05), with both angles increasing substantially post-fatigue. From a kinetic perspective, fatigue considerably influenced the peak plantarflexion and peak inversion moments at the ankle joint, which resulted in a decrease the former and an increase in the latter after fatigue. The two smash landing actions demonstrated different landing strategies, and significant main effects were observed on the ankle plantarflexion angle, inversion angle, peak dorsiflexion/plantarflexion moment, peak inversion/eversion moment, and peak internal rotation moment (p < 0.05). The BLJS landing had a much greater landing inversion angle, peak inversion moment, and peak internal rotation moment compared with BRJS landing. The interaction effects of fatigue and smash actions significantly affected the muscle force of the peroneus longus (PL), with a more pronounced decrease in the force of the PL muscle post-fatigue in the BLJS action(post-hoc < 0.05). This study demonstrated that fatigue and smash actions, specifically BRJS and BLJS, significantly affect ankle biomechanical parameters. After fatigue, both actions showed a notable increase in IC plantarflexion and inversion angles and peak inversion moments, which may elevate the risk of lateral ankle sprains. Compared with BRJS, BLJS poses a higher risk of lateral ankle sprains after fatigue.
Symptoms   
Inadvertent administration of 5 times the recommended dose, infused intravenously over a 24 hour period, to an asymptomatic 16 month old patient with a blood lead content of 56 mcg/dl did not cause any ill effects. Edetate calcium disodium can aggravate the symptoms of severe lead poisoning, therefore, most toxic effects (cerebral edema, renal tubular necrosis) appear to be associated with lead poisoning. Because of cerebral edema, a therapeutic dose may be lethal to an adult or a pediatric patient with lead encephalopathy. Higher dosage of edetate calcium disodium may produce a more severe zinc deficiency.

Treatment   
Cerebral edema should be treated with repeated doses of mannitol. Steroids enhance the renal toxicity of edetate calcium disodium in animals and, therefore, are no longer recommended.7 Zinc levels must be monitored. Good urinary output must be maintained because diuresis will enhance drug elimination. It is not known if edetate calcium disodium is dialyzable.
Rapid injection may cause the patient to complain of tingling sensations, a calcium taste, a sense of oppression or "heat wave".

Injections of calcium chloride are accompanied by peripheral vasodilatation as well as a local "burning" sensation and there may be a moderate fall in blood pressure.

Should perivascular infiltration occur, I.V. administration at that site should be discontinued at once. Local infiltration of the affected area with 1% procaine hydrochloride, to which hyaluronidase may be added, will often reduce venospasm and dilute the calcium remaining in the tissues locally. Local application of heat may also be helpful.