anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Severe Anaphylactic and Anaphylactoid Reactions   
Rare cases of angioedema involving the tongue, glottis or larynx have been reported in patients after taking the first or subsequent doses of sedative-hypnotics, including estazolam. Some patients have had additional symptoms such as dyspnea, throat closing, or nausea and vomiting that suggest anaphylaxis. Some patients have required medical therapy in the emergency department. If angioedema involves the tongue, glottis or larynx, airway obstruction may occur and be fatal. Patients who develop angioedema after treatment with estazolam should not be rechallenged with the drug.

Estazolam, like other benzodiazepines, has CNS depressant effects. For this reason, patients should be cautioned against engaging in hazardous occupations requiring complete mental alertness, such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle, after ingesting the drug, including potential impairment of the performance of such activities that may occur the day following ingestion of estazolam. Patients should also be cautioned about possible combined effects with alcohol and other CNS depressant drugs.

As with all benzodiazepines, amnesia, paradoxical reactions (e.g., excitement, agitation, etc.), and other adverse behavioral effects may occur unpredictably.

Estazolam Interaction with Drugs That Inhibit Metabolism via Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A)

The metabolism of estazolam to the major circulating metabolite 4-hydroxy-estazolam and the metabolism of other triazolobenzodiazepines is catalyzed by CYP3A. Consequently, estazolam should be avoided in patients receiving ketoconazole and itraconazole, which are very potent inhibitors of CYP3A (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). With drugs inhibiting CYP3A to a lesser, but still significant degree, estazolam should be used only with caution and consideration of appropriate dosage reduction. The following are examples of drugs known to inhibit the metabolism of other related benzodiazepines, presumably through inhibition of CYP3A: nefazodone, fluvoxamine, cimetidine, diltiazem, isoniazid, and some macrolide antibiotics.

While no in vivo drug-drug interaction studies were conducted between estazolam and inducers of CYP3A, compounds that are potent CYP3A inducers (such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, rifampin, and barbiturates) would be expected to decrease estazolam concentrations.

Neonatal Sedation and Withdrawal Syndrome  
Use of estazolam late in pregnancy can result in sedation (respiratory depression, lethargy, hypotonia) and/or withdrawal symptoms (hyperreflexia, irritability, restlessness, tremors, inconsolable crying, and feeding difficulties) in the neonate (see PRECAUTIONS: Pregnancy). Monitor neonates exposed to estazolam during pregnancy or labor for signs of sedation and monitor neonates exposed to estazolam during pregnancy for signs of withdrawal; manage these neonates accordingly.
It is well known that birth and hospitalization of a preterm infant is stressful for parents. Numerous studies have evaluated emotional factors such as maternal stress, parental role alteration, and maternal depression. Researchers have also investigated both maternal and paternal emotional responses in relation to their infant being hospitalized in the NICU. Studies examining paternal response alone have received less research attention. To date, no studies have compared the emotional response of fathers of medical NICU babies and fathers of surgical NICU babies.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare perceived paternal stress and depressive symptomatology in fathers of preterm medical and surgical infants. Fathers who agree to participate will be given a questionnaire that is comprised of two self-report tools. Together these tools should take approximately 15-20 minutes to complete. Fathers who participate will be asked to complete these tools at three different times throughout their infants' stay in the NICU.
INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a nonspecific chronic inflammatory lung disease with no known cure. Codonopsis Radix (CR) has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of different CR varieties on COPD mice.
METHODS: Sixty male-specified pathogen-free grade C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, 10 mice in each group. The COPD mice model was induced by cigarette smoke extract combined with lipopolysaccharide, and the mice in each group were given corresponding drugs. Lung function was assessed in all mice. Lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, and periodic acid-Schiff stains, and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected using an ELISA. Further, serum and lung tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by colorimetric assay. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict signaling pathways, which were validated by Western blot analysis.
RESULTS: Compared with the COPD group, the mice in each dosing group of CR exhibited significant reductions in serum IL-8 and TNF-α levels, serum and lung tissue MDA levels, and pathological lung tissue damage, alongside elevations in lung function and SOD levels (p < 0.01). Western blot analysis also indicated significant downregulation of p-p65/p65 and p-IκB-α/IκB-α protein expression, alongside significant upregulation of Nrf2 protein expression in the lung tissues of mice treated with CR (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: In summary, CR effectively enhances lung function, minimizes lung tissue damage, and inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in mice with COPD. Additionally, these findings suggest that inhibition of the Nrf2/NF-κB axis may be a key mechanism of action of CR in the alleviation of COPD.
GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that is found primarily in the brain. High GABA levels result in low levels of dopamine, another neurotransmitter that is the brain's "feel good" chemical and which plays a primary role in cocaine drug addiction. Cravings for cocaine can be reduced by lowering dopamine levels. This makes topiramate, a GABA-altering medication, a potential treatment for cocaine addiction. This study will evaluate the subjective, behavioral, and physiological effects of topiramate in individuals addicted to cocaine.

Potential participants will initially attend a 4- to 6-hour screening session. This will include review of medical and drug histories, standardized psychological questionnaires, a physical exam, and blood collection. Eligible participants will then be admitted to the inpatient clinic. During the first day of experiment, participants will receive instructions and information about the study procedures. They will also undergo a physical exam, an electrocardiogram, standardized psychological questionnaires, and blood and urine collection. A single test dose of cocaine will be administered intravenously to all participants to ensure safety with continuation in the study. Vital signs will be monitored hourly throughout the day.

The experiment will last 25 days and will enroll 24 individuals addicted to cocaine. In this three-part experiment, participants will be admitted to the inpatient clinic for an 8-day study session. Following this session, they will be discharged from the clinic for a 1-week washout phase. Participants will then return to the inpatient clinic for another 8-day study session. The two study sessions will be identical. During both sessions, participants will first receive topiramate or placebo for 4 consecutive days. While continuing to receive topiramate or placebo, participants will then also receive intravenous cocaine or placebo for 3 consecutive days.Participants will be monitored by the study physician. Electrocardiograms will be used to monitor heart activity, and blood will be drawn frequently to monitor levels of cocaine and topiramate. Participants will complete standardized questionnaires several times each day to assess mood changes and cognitive function.
The approach to the knee to carry out a total knee replacement (TKR) can either be carried out using a scalpel, sharp dissection, or using an electric current to divide tissue, monopoly electrocautery. Reducing blood loss is important. Blood loss can result in anaemia, which has a number of effects including shortness of breath, chest pain and lethargy. Blood loss into a newly replaced knee can also result in pain and stiffness in the joint. Total knee replacements are routinely carried out with a tourniquet inflated, which reduces the blood flow into to leg during the operation. Diathermy is applied to areas of bleeding to stop them from doing so during operations. With the tourniquet inflated, some areas that would bleed when this was deflated may not be noticed and continue to bleed. Using diathermy for the approach would be expected to reduce this bleeding compared to using a scalpel.
ART for the treatment of HIV may slow the progression of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) to end-stage renal disease (ESRD); nevertheless, it is predicted that many HIV infected patients on ART will reach ESRD by the next decade. Medications that affect the renin-angiotensin system, such as the ARB valsartan, may be useful in treating HIVAN. In a small study of HIV infected patients with HIVAN treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) fosinopril, kidney function was stable in patients who took the ACEI, but function decreased in patients who did not. These data are promising, and suggest that an ARB like valsartan may also slow the progression of HIVAN and improve patients' prognosis. This study will compare valsartan and ART to ART alone in slowing kidney disease progression in people with HIV.

This study will last 96 weeks. All participants will continue taking their current ART regimen during the study and will be randomly assigned to one of two arms: Arm 1 will receive valsartan daily, while Arm 2 will receive placebo daily. Doses of drug or placebo may be adjusted during the first 8 weeks based on blood pressure readings taken during the study. In addition, if patients are on other antihypertensive drugs, dosage adjustments may be necessary for those drugs during the study. No ART or antihypertensive drugs other than valsartan will be provided by the study. Study visits will occur every week until Week 8, then every 8 weeks until the end of the study at Week 96. Study visits will include physical examination, medication assessment, and blood pressure readings. In addition, blood collection will occur at entry, Weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8, and every 8 weeks thereafter.
The psychoeducation BalancingMySwing (BMS) program has been developed manually and its feasibility has been tested in our previous study. This 3-year research project aimed to further examine the immediate and lasted effects of BMS program for bipolar disorders (BD), and to assess its knowledge dissemination and the transferability of its evidence-based practice across multiple sites.

During the first 2 years, a randomized controlled trial was conducted. Patients diagnosed with BD were recruited and 104 patients were randomly assigned to treatment as usual (TAU) or to 8 BMS sessions. A battery of three outcome indicators-social rhythm, illness perception, and symptom severity-were used to examine the effects of the two groups at baseline, after intervention, and every 3 months until half year. In addition, a pre- and post-test quasi-experimental study combined with qualitative design was used to assess the translational feasibility of BMS and to explore related barriers and facilitators of implementing BMS in clinical settings in the third year. Nurses from 4 Hospitals received the BMS training, and patients with BD received the BMS translated in practice were recruited.
Colonoscopy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. It is an invasive procedure, not well tolerated by most patients if performed without sedation. There is considerable variability in the practice of sedation for endoscopic procedures worldwide. There are some centers which perform a significant proportion of gastroscopies and colonoscopies without sedation. On the other hand, general anesthesia is given to more than 90% of patients undergoing colonoscopy in France. Most centers do use conscious sedation, usually in the form of benzodiazepines and/or narcotics, with propofol sedation reserved for difficult cases. Benzodiazepines and narcotics are effective and safe. However, the onset of sedation can be delayed, and in some patients conscious sedation is inadequate, resulting in a poor experience with the procedure. Moreover, there are significant post-sedation side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and prolonged recovery period. This can substantially increase procedure costs due to the need for prolonged monitoring after endoscopy.

Propofol, a general anesthetic agent, has been routinely used in various procedures and surgeries. It has a fast onset of action (within 30-60 seconds), a short half life (1.8-4.1 minutes) but a narrow therapeutic window. The current package insert of propofol states that only persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia should administer propofol and these physicians should not be involved in the procedure so that patients can be continuously and properly monitored due to the risk of respiratory depression. No deaths associated with propofol sedation have been reported since it was first introduced in gastrointestinal endoscopy in the mid 1980. However, need for mechanical ventilation as a result of propofol sedation has been reported. In a number of small trials propofol was shown to have a superior recovery profile following various endoscopic procedures including gastroscopy, colonoscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Indeed, propofol sedation is now used routinely in elective adult procedures in some centers. However, the lower cost of recovery is offset by the need for an anesthesiologist. Therefore, the use of propofol sedation is limited to selected endoscopic procedures or patients.

Although a number of small randomized trials have explored the efficacy of propofol sedation, the evidence is not definitive. Thus we conducted this study to determine if propofol sedation leads to shorter recovery times in elective outpatient colonoscopy compared to usual care.
The invention discloses an application of an artemisinin-typed compound in preparation of a drug for treating and preventing hyperlipidemia. The artemisinin-typed compound is artemisinin, artesunate, dihydroartemisinin or artemether. The artemisinin-typed compound can be prepared into any pharmaceutically-acceptable preparation. The invention develops new medical applications of the artemisinin-typed compound. The application overcomes defect of a drug for treating and preventing the hyperlipidemia in the prior art. The drug can achieve a treatment effect from inflammatory resistance and blood fat reducing. Meanwhile, the artemisinin-typed compound is a drug which is firstly developed in our country, which means that our country is a main producing country, so that the artemisinin-typed compound is wide in sources and is low in price. In addition, the artemisinin-typed compound is strong in pharmacologic action, is high in safety, and provides an economical and safe drug for patients suffered from cardiovascular diseases.
The Prospective study had only an intervention group (obesity treatment). Forty-two families took part in this study, with 78 children: 48 overweight children and 30 siblings . The parameters were measured in three different times. Before the program (time 1), at the end of the program (after 6 months - time 2) and 8 months after completing the program (time 3).
1. Ganirelix Acetate Injection is supplied in a single dose, sterile, prefilled syringe and is intended for SUBCUTANEOUS administration only.
  2. Air bubble(s) may be seen in the pre-filled syringe. This is expected, and removal of the air bubble(s) is not needed.
  3. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water.
  4. The most convenient sites for SUBCUTANEOUS injection are in the abdomen around the navel or upper thigh.
  5. The injection site should be swabbed with a disinfectant to remove any surface bacteria. Clean about two inches around the point where the needle will be inserted and let the disinfectant dry for at least one minute before proceeding.
  6. With syringe held upward, remove needle cover.
  7. Pinch up a large area of skin between the finger and thumb. Vary the injection site a little with each injection.
  8. The needle should be inserted at the base of the pinched-up skin at an angle of 45–90° to the skin surface.
  9. When the needle is correctly positioned, it will be difficult to draw back on the plunger. If any blood is drawn into the syringe, the needle tip has penetrated a vein or artery. If this happens, withdraw the needle slightly and reposition the needle without removing it from the skin. Alternatively, remove the needle and use a new, sterile, prefilled syringe. Cover the injection site with a swab containing disinfectant and apply pressure; the site should stop bleeding within one or two minutes.
  10. Once the needle is correctly placed, depress the plunger slowly and steadily, so the solution is correctly injected and the skin is not damaged.
  11. Pull the syringe out quickly and apply pressure to the site with a swab containing disinfectant.
  12. Use the sterile, prefilled syringe only once. Discard the unused portion and dispose of it properly.
Provided is an antioxidant or oxidation inhibitor made using a surface-functionalized nanodiamond compound. The compound comprises functional nanoparticles resulting from the chemical modification of the nanodiamond surfaces. The antioxidant effect has been measured using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. The compound has been confirmed to have an antioxidant effect overall, albeit that some variation exists depending on the chemical structure of the moiety which is chemically bound to the surface of the nanodiamond. More particularly, a nanodiamond compound having an amine group has exhibited an ORAC value which is 25 times the level of vitamin C at the same water concentration. The nanodiamond compound enhances the antioxidant properties of water, soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, foods, cosmetics, medicinal products, edible fats/oils or grains, or can be used in order to prevent oxidation of industrial oils, polymers, ceramics or metals (Figure 7).
About 5% of colonoscopies are technically difficult because the colon is elongated or redundant. There is an increased risk of the colonoscope not reaching the cecum in these cases. One solution to this is to try to keep the colon shorter by not insufflating it with gas. In order to achieve that, in these cases the investigators typically fill the colon with water, which does not distend the colon as much. Another technique, which can improve visualization, is to use a device called the goggle balloon. This is a small balloon filled with a few mL of water which fits over the end of the colonoscope and pushes the colonic mucosa away from the end of the scope so that the luminal direction can be visualized with minimal insufflation. In patients with normal colons, the goggle balloon can be used to insert the colonoscope to the cecum with virtually no air or water filling. We aim to study if the goggle balloon can be used to help complete the colonoscopy in patients with redundant colons.
Although compelling evidence exists that breast milk (BM) improves infant health, mothers of critically ill infants frequently produce insufficient amounts BM which is likely due to inadequate daily breast pumping frequency. BM sodium levels are an easy to measure biomarker of pumping frequency and providing this information to mothers via text messaging may increase their pumping frequency and BM production. Therefore, the overall objective of this pilot study is to determine the feasibility and potential benefits of a mHealth intervention to increase BM pumping frequency and BM production in mothers delivering critically ill infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at University of Florida Health. Specific aims include (1) evaluate the feasibility of a mHealth intervention to increase BM pumping frequency and BM production and (2) assess whether results indicate a signal of effectiveness supporting a subsequent adequately powered randomized clinical trial (RCT). Following delivery, 50 mothers of critically ill infants admitted to the NICU will be randomized to one of two groups. The Enhanced Intervention Group will receive text messages including both general lactation information and a personalized message consisting of the mother's BM sodium level, pumping frequency and feedback regarding pumping frequency. The Standard Intervention Group will receive only general lactation information. Results will be used to revise the intervention and study processes and to estimate outcome measurement variability and effect sizes needed for sample size calculations for an adequately powered RCT.
A cerebration improver having a prominent action for increasing brain glucose level has an effect of improving the cerebration of a subject administered with the improver. The cerebration improver contains as the effective ingredient phosphatidyl-L-serine, or lysophosphatidyl-L-serine produced by eliminating the fatty acid chain at the position .alpha. or .beta. of phosphatidyl-L-serine, or the salts thereof. The phosphatidyl-L-serine has a structural fatty acid chain derived from at least one raw material lecithin selected from the group consisting of soy bean lecithin, rapeseed lecithin or egg yolk lecithin. Using the raw material lecithin as the substrate, phosphatidyl-L-serine can be produced by utilizing transphosphatidylation.
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: first of all the whole of drugs were taken (per 10 kg body weight of patient): spirituous tincture of fly agaric caps beginning from 1-2 drops following by dose increase up to 5-6 drops; then spirituous tincture of monkshood jungaricus root is taken by the same scheme and then - spirituous tincture of poison-hemlock by the same scheme, and also up to 0.01 g dry root of spurge Pallas. These tinctures were drunk with 5-7 ml decoction consisting of fire weed, mistletoe and celandine taken at the ratio 1:1:2, correspondingly; then spirituous tincture of coneflower is taken (0.5-0.7 ml following by dose increase up to 7 ml) and milfoil, water pepper, white worm-wood decoction taken at the ratio 2:1:1; then - Bergenia pacifica root, Saint-Johns-wort, sage decoction taken at the ratio 1: 1: 1, and 80% spirituous tincture of propolis. Curative agents indicated were taken by course 1-4 times per 24 h for 1-6 months, 1-2 times per year. Proposed phytotherapeutic agent shows antitumor activity and can be used for alternative patient treatment. EFFECT: improved method of oncologic patient treatment. 13 cl