anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects up to 50% of patients who have diabetes for at least 25 years. Up to 26% of all patients with DPN experience neuropathic pain. DPN pain contributes to sleep disorders, depression, and anxiety, which together may have an impact on a patient's well-being and quality of life.

There are currently several drugs used to treat painful DPN. For example, Lyrica® (pregabalin) is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat neuropathic pain associated with DPN and is commonly prescribed. The dosage of the FDA-approved drugs is limited by side-effects such as dizziness, sleepiness, weight gain and swelling of the hands, legs, and feet. As a result, many patients suffering from DPN pain do not get satisfactory pain relief.
High breast density and aging are the strongest risk factors for sporadic breast cancer among women. Although glandular epithelium contributes to mammographic density, non-epithelial tissue components represent its major determinants: adipose tissue is radiolucent and fibrous tissue is dense. The hypothesis is that epidemiologic factors associated with elevated breast density alter the breast microenvironment (ME) (defined as all cells and structures surrounding luminal glandular cells including: myoepithelial cells; basement membrane, stromal fibroblast and myofibroblasts; endothelial cells and pericytes; inflammatory cells, collagens, matrix proteins, growth factors, hormones, and other biochemical components) in a manner that enhances dysregulated proliferation of breast epithelium and ultimately cancer. Specifically, the Investigators propose that epidemiologic factors that lead to increased exposure to hormones and inflammatory mediators alter the ME, leading to both increased breast density and cancer. The critical importance of the ME in carcinogenesis is supported by experimental and clinical data showing that epithelial abnormalities alone are generally insufficient for cancer development without concurrent changes in the ME. The primary aim of this pilot study is to demonstrate the feasibility of collecting the data needed to elucidate the biologic mechanisms that mediate the substantial breast cancer risk associated with high mammographic density. Specifically, the Investigators will develop, fine tune, and validate a complex cross-sectional study protocol to collect risk factor data and biological specimens (blood, buccal cells, tissue fluids, and tissue) required to discover mechanisms and biomarkers that link high mammographic density (as measured quantitatively using computerized methods) to breast cancer risk. They will enroll 250 women between the ages of 40 to 65 years undergoing a radiologically guided biopsy at the University of Vermont, the largest center within the Vermont Breast Cancer Surveillance System (VBCSS), to participate in this pilot study of mammographic density.
This study is a prospective, open-label, interventional, multicenter study in a total of 15 PTPs with hemophilia A (FVIII≤2 %).The baseline ABR will be assessed from bleeding log and clinic records from preceding year. Subjects will initially be treated standard prophylaxis(20 - 40 IU/Kg body weight 2-3 times one week with ADVATE for 1 year. Subjects must be prescribed ADVATE by the treating physician. Data will be collected over a period of 2 years from the time of study enrollment. Study visits are to coincide with routinely rescheduled and emergency visits. Available data from these visits shall be transcribed onto the case report forms (CRFs).
There is no intervention (letter) in the control arm. There is no control arm in the city of Espoo. 1/3 of subjects in all other municipalities are assigned to the control arm.
Current studies show that Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) have become increasingly widespread throughout Germany in recent years, especially E. faecium (VREf). Healthy individuals can come into contact with VREf in various ways, for example via the food chain, contaminated drinking water or animal contacts. A possibly caused low-grade colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract with VREf (so-called low-level colonisation) can remain undetected during hospital admission using routine screening methods. The AEGON study, based on the use of state-of-the-art molecular diagnostics and comprehensive clinical data collection, will provide a detailed analysis of the factors involved in the rapid spread of VREf. In addition, diagnostic detection limits of common screening methods are determined by the use of additional diagnostics such as enrichment culture or molecular VREf detection.

The study is a German multicenter, prospective observational study and consists of two parts, which are carried out at all participating study sites and include two different patient cohorts. Part 1 focuses on the collection and analysis of rectal swabs from newly admitted VRE-negative patients at high risk of nosocomial VREf acquisition. Moreover, patients included into this part of the study will undergo in-depth documentation of clinical data if an antibiotic therapy is administered. Initiated antibiotic therapies will then be assessed by an AMS board. In Part 2, environmental investigations will be performed in newly occupied single rooms of previously known VREf-positive patients. In addition, rectal swabs will be collected and data on antibiotic exposure of these patients will be documented in order to correlate the VRE contamination burden of surfaces with the intestinal VREf-load and antibiotic exposure. The AEGON study, based on the use of state-of-the-art molecular diagnostics and comprehensive clinical data collection, will provide a detailed analysis of the factors involved in the rapid spread of VREf. In addition, diagnostic detection limits of common screening methods are determined by the use of additional diagnostics such as enrichment culture or molecular VREf detection.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system to manage technique of the operator and image errors in an X-ray image photographing apparatus.  <P>SOLUTION: After displaying the photographing button in S12, it proceeds to S13 and the parameter is loaded. When an image is photographed, it proceeds to S16 and the image is processed and displayed on a display in S17. The result whether the photographed image is usable is input in S18, then it proceeds to S20 when the next photographing button is input in S19, and the photograph record data is updated and it proceeds to S21. If the next photographing is not chosen in S19, it proceeds to S22 and determines if the image error button is input. If the image error button is input, it proceeds to S23 to input the reason of the image error and it proceeds to S21. If the image error button is not input in S22, it determines if the re-photographing button is input in S24. When the re-photographing button is input, it proceeds to 25 to input the reason of re-photographing and the photograph record data is updated and it returns to S13. When the re-photographing button is not input in S24, it returns to S18.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating high blood pressure. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is composed of the following raw materials in part by weight: 15-30 parts of fourleaf peperomia herb, 25-35 parts of pear branch, and 35-60 parts of pummel kernel. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is simple in formula, simple and easy to obtain raw material, low in cost, and simple in preparation technique. The fourleaf peperomia herb, the pear branch and the pummel kernel can cooperate to each other to display a miraculous effect. The traditional Chinese medicine composition has the effects of clearing heat and freeing lung, soothing the liver and promoting the circulation of qi, relaxing the muscles and stimulating the blood circulation, and reliving pain. The clinical trial verifies that the composition has good treatment and preventive effects for crowd with raised blood pressure after fatigue, mental stress, and emotional fluctuation, and has significant blood pressure reducing effect for people with high blood pressure; the visible effect is quick, the total effective rate is 98%; the disease cannot reoccur after stopping using drug, and the composition is free from any toxic and side effects; thus the composition avoids the dependence of the existing high pressure blood crowd on high blood pressure drug.
Pantoprazole is an extensively used proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for acid peptic disease. PPI rarely cause hypomagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia is commonly associated with hypokalemia and hypocalcemia. Severe hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia can cause seizures. Here, we report a patient on long-term pantoprazole who presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures and had severe hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. When patients on long-term PPI present with seizures, hypomagnesemia/hypocalcemia has to be excluded.
Disclosed are total parenteral nutrition formulations which include essential amino acids in combination with either arginine or ornithine, for use in detection of recurrent malignant disease in patients. Such formulations stimulate tumor-specific polyamine production to a greater extent than non-tumor related polyamine production. Additionally, such formulations were found to specifically promote an increase in red block cell putrescine levels of tumor-bearing rats. Nontumor-bearing rats were not found to be similarly reactive to these formulations. Methods for making and administering these formulations as well as their use in preventing DFMO-induced toxicity are also disclosed. The present invention also comprises formulations for use in the rejuvination of compromised mucosal surfaces. The ornithine-containing formulations are also useful in preventing the onset of gut atrophy attendant to long term parenteral administration. The present formulations also prove a prophylactic function in preventing the onset of secondary infections by promoting mucosal cell growth in opportunitized tissues of persons with compromised mucosal surfaces. The formulations contain ornithine in a final concentration of between about 0.60% and 1.00% by weight. Such formulations have been found shown to stimulate the growth of intestinal mucosal villi of the small intestine. The formulation may be provided in the form of a complete parenteral formulation or as a standard parenteral formulation additive to be used in conjunction with a standard TPN formulation. Methods for making and administering these formulations as well as their use in preventing gut atrophy and averting secondary infection are also disclosed.
Patients have access to a website where they can self-report smoking status, add virtual supporters, and submit journal entries. Patients receive incentives for these activities and for using clinic counseling services. After 2 mos., this group is offered the chance to set aside some of their rewards towards a deposit contract that lasts for 4 months. If, after the 4 mos., the patients pass the second cessation verification test, their rewards are returned to them. At the 2 mo. mark, these patients come to the clinic for a biochemical verification of their smoking status. Rewards are contingent on passing this test. They are also asked to return to the clinic 6 and 12 mos. after enrollment to complete the smoking tests and are compensated for these 2 visits.
A Laurentirol compound derived from Laurencia okamurai is provided to prepare a melanoma inhibitor in order to prevent and treat melanoma by inducing apoptosis in a melanoma cell without side effects. A melanoma inhibitor comprises 0.1-1000mug/mL of a Laurentirol compound derived from Laurencia okamurai, which is represented by the formula 1. The Laurencia okamurai is obtained in a coastal area of Cheju island. The Laurentirol compound is extracted from the Laurencia okamurai and purified. The melanoma inhibitor induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. The melanoma cell(B16F1) can be self-destructed through the apoptosis generated by an apoptotic regulator such as p53, PUMA, Bax, AKT1 and Fas/FasL.
Meta-models are made available to clinical trial protocol designers. A meta-model includes a list of preliminary patient eligibility attributes appropriate for a particular disease category. The protocol designer chooses the appropriate meta-model, and encodes the clinical trial protocol, including eligibility and patient workflow, within the selected meta-model in a protocol database. The resulting protocol database is stored together with databases of other protocols in a library of protocol databases. Sponsors and individual clinical sites have controlled access to the protocols. Study sites make reference to the protocol database in order to perform patient eligibility screening. Once a patient is enrolled into a study, the protocol database indicates to the clinician what workflow tasks are to be performed at each patient visit.
This study is an observational, cross-sectional study. A representative sample of 2800 eligible women with different occupations such as farmers, service providers, workers, professional specialists, students and civil servants will be recruited. A cluster sampling method with probability proportional to the distribution of occupation in women in Beijing will be used. Demographic data will be collected by questionnaire. Menstrual bleeding will be evaluated by Pictorial Blood loss Assessment Chart (PBAC). According to the international definition of HMB, a PBAC score more than 100 is considered as HMB.
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), as glomerular filtration rate decreases, excretion of hydrogen ions fails, leading to progressive metabolic acidosis (arterial pH \< 7.35 and a serum bicarbonate concentration \< 22 meq/L). Metabolic acidosis enhances further progression of CKD. It is known that the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is stimulated during metabolic acidosis, but it's specific role in the renal response on changes in the acid-base balance is unknown. Correction of metabolic acidosis by administration of bicarbonate is a common intervention in patients with metabolic acidosis due to chronic kidney disease. It is proven to slow down progression of CKD. There is no knowledge on the effect this therapy has on the intrarenal RAS. Since acidosis does not change serum renin levels, and bicarbonate therapy has no effect on blood pressure, it seems to have no effect on the systemic RAS. The investigators hypothesize that bicarbonate therapy diminishes intrarenal RAS activity without affecting the systemic RAS.
Like CF, COPD is characterized by small airway mucus obstruction that is associated with accelerated loss of lung function and mortality. Our preliminary data indicate that cigarette smoke exerts deleterious effects on airway epithelial function including the reduction of CFTR activity, enhanced mucus expression, and a pronounced reduction in mucociliary transport (MCT). Preliminary data also indicate that approximately 50% of patients with COPD have reduced CFTR activity, as detected in the upper airways, lower airways, and sweat glands. Furthermore, CFTR dysfunction is independently associated with chronic bronchitis, can persist despite smoking cessation, and can be reversed by the CFTR potentiator ivacaftor (VX-770) in vitro by activating wild-type CFTR, resulting in a robust increase in MCT. Combined with unprecedented clinical improvement via augmented mucociliary clearance in CF patients with a responsive CFTR mutation treated with ivacaftor, these data indicate that CFTR represents a viable therapeutic target to address mucus stasis in a large subset of COPD patients (potentially representing over 4 million patients in the U.S. alone). This project will investigate the hypothesis that ivacaftor can augment CFTR activity in individuals with COPD who exhibit chronic bronchitis, resulting in meaningful improvements in epithelial function and respiratory health. Our initial pilot study in patients with COPD and chronic bronchitis demonstrated that ivacaftor was safe, demonstrated stable pharmacokinetics, and exhibited a trend towards efficacy in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and sweat chloride. The current trial will test the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ivacaftor in a larger number of COPD patients with chronic bronchitis and for a longer treatment period, evaluating the potential of CFTR potentiator therapy to address acquired CFTR dysfunction in this population and set the stage for larger and longer-term trials in the future.
S. enterica, S. flexneri, and V. parahaemolyticus bacteria are globally recognized to cause severe diarrheal diseases, consisting of Type III Secretion System (T3SS) effectors that help in bacterial infection and virulence in host cells. This study investigates the properties of multi-electrode cylindrical DBD plasma-generated nitric oxide water (MCDBD-PG-NOW) treatment on the survival and virulence of S. enterica, S. flexneri, and V. parahaemolyticus bacteria. The Colony Forming Unit (CFU) assay, live/dead cell staining, lipid peroxidation assay, and bacteria morphological analysis showed substantial growth inhibition of bacteria. Moreover, to confirm the interaction of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) with bacterial membrane biotin switch assay, DAF-FM, and FTIR analysis were carried out, which established the formation of S-nitrosothiols in the cell membrane, intracellular accumulation of RNS, and changes in the cell composition post-PG-NOW treatment. Furthermore, the conventional culture-based method and a quantitative PCR using propidium monoazide showed minimal VBNC induction under similar condition. The efficiency of bacteria to adhere to mammalian colon cells was significantly reduced. In addition, the infection rate was also controlled by disrupting the virulent genes, leading to the collapse of the infection mechanism. This study provides insights into whether RNS generated from PG-NOW might be beneficial for preventing diarrheal infections.
The invention relates to tumour therapy. In one aspect, the present invention relates to conjugates of a toxin and a target-binding moiety, e.g. an antibody, which are useful in the treatment of cancer. In particular, the toxin is an amatoxin, and the target-binding moiety is preferably directed against tumour-associated antigens. In particular, the amatoxin is conjugated to the antibody by linker moieties. In particular the linker moieties are covalently bound to functional groups located in positions of the amatoxin proved as preferred positions for the attachment of linkers with respect to optimum antitumor activity. In a further aspect the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such target-binding moiety toxin conjugates and to the use of such target-binding moiety toxin conjugates for the preparation of such pharmaceutical compositions. The target-binding moiety toxin conjugates and pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are useful for the treatment of cancer.
BACKGROUND: The cost-free increase in statistical power of using imputation to infer missing genotypes is undoubtedly appealing, but is it hazard-free? This case study of three type-2 diabetes (T2D) loci demonstrates that it is not; it sheds light on why this is so and raises concerns as to the shortcomings of imputation at disease loci, where haplotypes differ between cases and reference panel.
RESULTS: T2D-associated variants were previously identified using targeted sequencing. We removed these significantly associated SNPs and used neighbouring SNPs to infer them by imputation. We compared imputed with observed genotypes, examined the altered pattern of T2D-SNP association, and investigated the cause of imputation errors by studying haplotype structure. Most T2D variants were incorrectly imputed with a low density of scaffold SNPs, but the majority failed to impute even at high density, despite obtaining high certainty scores. Missing and discordant imputation errors, which were observed disproportionately for the risk alleles, produced monomorphic genotype calls or false-negative associations. We show that haplotypes carrying risk alleles are considerably more common in the T2D cases than the reference panel, for all loci.
CONCLUSIONS: Imputation is not a panacea for fine mapping, nor for meta-analysing multiple GWAS based on different arrays and different populations. A total of 80% of the SNPs we have tested are not included in array platforms, explaining why these and other such associated variants may previously have been missed. Regardless of the choice of software and reference haplotypes, imputation drives genotype inference towards the reference panel, introducing errors at disease loci.
Ricin toxin (RT) is highly cytotoxic and can release a considerable amount of pro-inflammatory factors due to depurination, causing excessive inflammation that may aggravate the harm to the body. Pyroptosis, a type of gasdermin-mediated cell death, is a contributor to the exacerbation of inflammation. Accumulating evidence indicate that pyroptosis plays a significant role in the pathogen infection and tissue injury, suggesting a potential correlation between pyroptosis and RT-induced inflammation. Here, we aim to demonstrate this correlation and explore its molecular mechanisms. Results showed that RT triggers mouse alveolar macrophage MH-S cells pyroptosis by activating caspase-3 and cleaving Gasgermin E (GSDME). In contrast, inhibition of caspase-3 with Z-DEVD-FMK (inhibitor of caspase-3) or knockdown of GSDME attenuates this process, suggesting the essential role of caspase-3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in contributing to RT-induced inflammation. Collectively, our study enhances our understanding of a novel mechanism of ricin cytotoxicity, which may emerge as a potential target in immunotherapy to control the RT-induced inflammation.
Fluorouracil Topical Solutions are topical preparations containing the fluorinated pyrimidine 5-fluorouracil, an antineoplastic antimetabolite.

Fluorouracil Topical Solution consists of 2% or 5% fluorouracil on a weight/weight basis, compounded with edetate disodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methylparaben, propylene glycol, propylparaben, purified water and tromethamine.

Chemically, fluorouracil is 5-fluoro-2,4(1H, 3H)-pyrimidinedione. It is a white to practically white, crystalline powder which is sparingly soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. One gram of fluorouracil is soluble in 100 mL of propylene glycol. The molecular weight of 5-fluorouracil is 130.08 and the structural formula is:
The invention relates to a product which comprises a C4bp domain of a non-mammalian origin, particularly SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:23 or SEQ ID NO:37, or a variant thereof, and an antigen. The product is desirably in the form of a fusion protein. The chicken C4bp domain of SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:23 is also described. Antigens include monomeric antigens such as malarial and influenza antigens. The C4bp domain provides for assembly of multimeric complexes of the antigen, or mixtures thereof. The complexes are useful as vaccines.