anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and SSRIs, including trazodone, can precipitate serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. The risk is increased with concomitant use of other serotonergic drugs (including triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, and St. John's Wort) and with drugs that impair metabolism of serotonin, i.e., MAOIs [see Contraindications ( 4), Drug Interactions ( 7.1)] . Serotonin syndrome can also occur when these drugs are used alone. 

Serotonin syndrome signs and symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, delirium, and coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, hyperthermia), neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, incoordination), seizures, and gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea).

The concomitant use of trazodone with MAOIs is contraindicated. In addition, do not initiate trazodone in a patient being treated with MAOIs such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue. No reports involved the administration of methylene blue by other routes (such as oral tablets or local tissue injection). If it is necessary to initiate treatment with an MAOI such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue in a patient taking trazodone hydrochloride tablets, discontinue trazodone before initiating treatment with the MAOI [see Contraindications ( 4), Drug Interactions ( 7.1)] . 

Monitor all patients taking trazodone for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Discontinue treatment with trazodone and any concomitant serotonergic agents immediately if the above symptoms occur, and initiate supportive symptomatic treatment. If concomitant use of trazodone with other serotonergic drugs is clinically warranted, inform patients of the increased risk for serotonin syndrome and monitor for symptoms.
The invention discloses traditional Chinese medicine preparations of an ointment, a suppository and a lotion containing pseudo-ginseng, rhubarb, rhizome of Chinese goldthread and cortex phellodendri and for treating hemorrhoid. The preparations comprise the medicines of pseudo-ginseng, rhubarb, rhizome of Chinese goldthread, cortex phellodendri, radix sophorae flavescentis, Radix sanguisorbae and menthol in a certain weight ratio. The medicines can be prepared into an ointment, a suppository and a lotion. The composition provided by the invention has the efficacies of clearing heat and removing dampness, relaxing bowels, dissipating binds, subsiding swelling, killing pain, stopping bleeding, dispersing blood stasis and promoting wound healing. The preparations are widely suitable for anal itching, eczema or constipation tenesmus caused by internal hemorrhoid bleeding, external hemorrhoid edema pain and mixed hemorrhoids, and unsmooth defecation, slow wound healing and edema pain discomfort after hemorrhoid operation, and have the advanategs of safety, effectiveness and no side effect. The invention adopts advanced ultrasonic extraction and ultrafine pulverization technologies in modern traditional Chinese medicine extraction, so that the preparations have high bioavailability and obvious treatment effect, and is a novel local medication for hemorrhoid.
Pregnancy Category C:

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of ezetimibe in pregnant women. Ezetimibe should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the risk to the fetus.

In oral (gavage) embryo-fetal development studies of ezetimibe conducted in rats and rabbits during organogenesis, there was no evidence of embryolethal effects at the doses tested (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg/day). In rats, increased incidences of common fetal skeletal findings (extra pair of thoracic ribs, unossified cervical vertebral centra, shortened ribs) were observed at 1000 mg/kg/day (~10 X the human exposure at 10 mg daily based on AUC0-24hr for total ezetimibe). In rabbits treated with ezetimibe, an increased incidence of extra thoracic ribs was observed at 1000 mg/kg/day (150 X the human exposure at 10 mg daily based on AUC0-24hr for total ezetimibe). Ezetimibe crossed the placenta when pregnant rats and rabbits were given multiple oral doses.

Multiple-dose studies of ezetimibe given in combination with statins in rats and rabbits during organogenesis result in higher ezetimibe and statin exposures. Reproductive findings occur at lower doses in combination therapy compared to monotherapy.

All statins are contraindicated in pregnant and nursing women. When ezetimibe is administered with a statin in a woman of childbearing potential, refer to the pregnancy category and product labeling for the statin [see Contraindications (4)].
Inflammation induced by activated macrophages within vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques (VAPs) constitutes a significant risk factor for plaque rupture. Translocator protein (TSPO) is highly expressed in activated macrophages. This study investigated the effectiveness of TSPO radiotracers, 18F-FDPA, in detecting VAPs and quantifying plaque inflammation in rabbits. 18 New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups: sham group A, VAP model group B, and evolocumab treatment group C. 18F-FDPA PET/CTA imaging was performed at 12, 16, and 24 weeks in all groups. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed on the abdominal aorta at 24 weeks. The VAP was defined through OCT images, and ex vivo aorta PET imaging was also performed at 24 weeks. The SUVmax and SUVmean of 18F-FDPA were measured on the target organ, and the target-to-background ratio (TBRmax) was calculated as SUVmax/SUVblood pool. The arterial sections of the isolated abdominal aorta were analyzed by HE staining, CD68 and TSPO immunofluorescence staining, and TSPO Western blot. The results showed that at 24 weeks, the plaque TBRmax of 18F-FDPA in group B was significantly higher than in groups A and C. Immunofluorescence staining of CD68 and TSPO, as well as Western blot, confirmed the increased expression of macrophages and TSPO in the corresponding regions of group B. HE staining revealed an increased presence of the lipid core, multiple foam cells, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the area with high 18F-FDPA uptake. This indicates a correlation between 18F-FDPA uptake, inflammation severity, and VAPs. The TSPO-targeted tracer 18F-FDPA shows specific uptake in macrophage-rich regions of atherosclerotic plaques, making it a valuable tool for assessing inflammation in VAPs.
The participants will be expected on the department endoscopy of the University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium. They are asked to fill in a bundle of questionnaires concerning physical complaints, depression, anxiety (disturbances), pain/disease, body/interoceptive awareness, trauma/abuse and personality. Endoscopy will be performed and up to 8 biopsies will be obtained from the duodenum. All endoscopies will be performed by an experienced endoscopist. Biopsies will be mounted in Ussing chambers and the mucosal compartment will be exposed to commercially available fluorescein-conjugated microorganisms. Uptake of microorganisms will be evaluated by analyzing the serosal compartment and by confocal microscopy of the biopsies. These experiments will also be performed in combination with exposure to bile acids separately and jointly, to assess if bacterial translocation can be exacerbated by these endogenous luminal factors individually and synergistically.
Long COVID is a diagnostic label currently given to those suffering from a poorly understood state of incomplete recovery or who have development of a myriad of medically unexplained symptoms occurring in the wake of infection with SARS CoV-2 that is both poorly understood and controversial. Many of the features of one of the most common clinical endotypes of Long COVID are shared by a condition well familiar to all rheumatologists and one with a large body of epidemiologic, clinical and basic research accrued over many decades namely the syndrome of fibromyalgia. Some have recently suggested that Long COVID may merely be a new name for fibromyalgia and that this diagnosis is indeed the condition that many or most may be suffering from as a post infectious sequela. In this Viewpoint we argue that while the parallels between the clinical syndrome experienced by many of those currently labeled as Long COVID and fibromyalgia are strong we should be not too quick to rename the disorder. We further argue that relabeling Long COVID as fibromyalgia is clinically reductionistic and any such relabeling may be attended by harm in both the design and execution of a future research agenda as well to patients who may be inadvertently and unfortunately pejoritised by such labeling. We further explore the parallels and differences between Long COVID and fibromyalgia and outline areas of needed future research and care.
OBJECTIVES: Musculoskeletal pain after COVID-19 infection remains a concerning long-term complication of COVID-19. Here, our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain associated with COVID-19 (MSPC) and healthcare-seeking behaviors, as well as the associating factors.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using convenience sampling and distributed to participants anonymously through the online platform Credamo. Demographic and characteristic data of the participants were collected and analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate potential factors associated with MSPC and healthcare-seeking tendencies.
RESULTS: A total of 1,510 participants responded to the survey, with 42.6% (643 individuals) exhibiting MSPC. Higher education level and a greater number of concomitant symptoms were significant risk factors for MSPC, while longer exercise duration and higher PSS-10 scores were protective factors. Additionally, higher income level, frequency and severity of pain, and greater PSS-10 scores increased healthcare-seeking intention.
CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of individuals experience MSPC. Education level and concomitant symptoms were risk factors for MSPC, while exercise duration and PSS-10 score were potential protective factors. Income level, frequency and severity of pain, and PSS-10 score are significantly related to the willingness to seek medical treatment for MSPC.
INTRODUCTION: Chronic back pain is a widespread medical condition associated with high socioeconomic costs and increasing prevalence. Despite the advanced implementation of multidisciplinary approaches, providing a satisfactory treatment offer for those affected is often not possible. Exposure therapy (EXP) promises to be an effective and economical form of treatment and in a previous pilot study showed to be superior to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in reducing perceived limitations of movement. The current study aims to further compare the efficacy of both treatment methods and identify those patient groups that particularly benefit from EXP.
METHODS: The general objective of this randomized multicenter clinical trial (targeted N = 380) is to improve and expand the range of treatments available to patients with chronic back pain. As the primary objective of the study, two different psychological treatments (EXP and CBT) will be compared. The primary outcome measure is a clinically significant improvement in pain-related impairment, measured by the QPBDS, from baseline to 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcome measures are absolute changes and clinically significant improvements in variables coping, psychological flexibility, depressiveness, catastrophizing, exercise avoidance and fear of exercise, and intensity of pain. Participants are recruited in five psychological and medical centers in Germany and receive ten sessions of manualized therapy by trained licensed CBT therapists or clinical psychologists, who are currently in their post-gradual CBT training. Potential predictors of each treatment's efficacy will be explored with a focus on avoidance and coping behavior.
CONCLUSION: This study will be the first RCT to compare CBT and EXP in chronic back pain in a large sample, including patients from different care structures due to psychological and medical recruitment centers. By identifying and exploring potential predictors of symptom improvement in each treatment group, this study will contribute to enable a more individualized assignment to treatment modalities and thus improves the care situation for chronic back pain and helps to create a customized treatment program for subgroups of pain patients. If our findings confirm EXP to be an efficacious and efficient treatment concept, it should gain more attention and be further disseminated.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05294081. Registered on 02 March 2022.
mRNA vaccines have evolved as promising cancer therapies. These vaccines can encode tumor-allied antigens, thus enabling personalized treatment approaches. They can also target cancer-specific mutations and overcome immune evasion mechanisms. They manipulate the body's cellular functions to produce antigens, elicit immune responses, and suppress tumors by overcoming limitations associated with specific histocompatibility leukocyte antigen molecules. However, successfully delivering mRNA into target cells destroys a crucial challenge. Viral and nonviral vectors (lipid nanoparticles and cationic liposomes) have shown great capacity in protecting mRNA from deterioration and assisting in cellular uptake. Cell-penetrating peptides, hydrogels, polymer-based nanoparticles, and dendrimers have been investigated to increase the delivery efficacy and immunogenicity of mRNA. This comprehensive review explores the landscape of mRNA vaccines and their delivery platforms for cancer, addressing design considerations, diverse delivery strategies, and recent advancements. Overall, this review contributes to the progress of mRNA vaccines as an innovative strategy for effective cancer treatment.
A double-blind, randomized, comparative, parallel-group, multicenter study in primary cardiac transplant recipients was performed at 20 centers in the United States, one in Canada, five in Europe and two in Australia. The total number of patients enrolled was 650; 72 never received study drug and 578 received study drug. Patients received mycophenolate mofetil 1.5 g bid (n = 289) or azathioprine 1.5 to 3 mg/kg/day (n = 289), in combination with cyclosporine (Sandimmune ®†or Neoral ®†) and corticosteroids as maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. The two primary efficacy endpoints were: (1) the proportion of patients who, after transplantation, had at least one endomyocardial biopsy-proven rejection with hemodynamic compromise, or were retransplanted or died, within the first 6 months, and (2) the proportion of patients who died or were retransplanted during the first 12 months following transplantation. Patients who prematurely discontinued treatment were followed for the occurrence of allograft rejection for up to 6 months and for the occurrence of death for one year. 

(1) Rejection:No difference was established between mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine (AZA) with respect to biopsy-proven rejection with hemodynamic compromise. 

(2) Survival:Mycophenolate mofetil was shown to be at least as effective as AZA in preventing death or retransplantation at one year (see Table 6).
By using enhanced CT to locate the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, the target area was delineated. The lesion was a visible lymph node with a short diameter of ≥ 1cm, and there was metastasis confirmed by two deputy chief physicians based on enhanced MR and PET/CT examination results. Select the primary lesion, the largest metastatic lesion, or the lesion causing symptoms, and perform routine segmentation (1.8-2Gy/f, 40Gy-60Gy). For the remaining lesions, at least one easily assessable and measurable lesion should be selected as the observation lesion. Unselected lesions (≤ 10) should be given 1.6Gy/f, 1f/w, 4-6 times in total. The immunotherapy plan is carried out according to the specific dose and interval of the original immune plan. Usually, immunotherapy is combined with radiotherapy at a frequency of once every 3 weeks until progression.
Intramuscular injections of the assigned study medication into the affected muscles (placebo for treatment cycle 1 and botulinum toxin Type A for subsequent treatments). Maximum dose of 360 units. Subjects may receive up to three treatments.
Group B participants are randomized to the IWR system as Modality #1. After 33 days of diary completion using IWR, they switch to the interactive voice response (IVR)system as Modality #2.
Background: The levels of oxidative stress and proinflammatory factors in perimenopausal females increased, and they were also deeply troubled by insomnia. The occurrence of insomnia is related to the changes of oxidative stress and inflammation levels in the body. Perimenopausal insomnia may be related to mild systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress can promote chronic inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism behind the phenomenon is still unclear. Objective: The aim was to investigate whether the occurrence of perimenopausal insomnia disorder is related to higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in the body, and to explore the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in perimenopausal insomnia. Methods: A total of 127 perimenopausal participants were recruited in this study. Participants with global scores of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) >7 were diagnosed with insomnia (n = 54). The patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) were evaluated, and sociodemographic data were obtained. The serum concentrations of iNOS, interleukin 6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were measured using commercial assays. Results: In the insomnia group, IL6 levels were positively correlated with scores of component 5 and component 7 of PSQI, respectively. PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were positively correlated with the global score of PSQI component 7 and PSQI, respectively; PHQ-9 was positively correlated with the global score of PSQI component 1. Finally, PHQ-9, iNOS, and IL6 were found to be independent predictors of perimenopausal insomnia using logistic regression. Conclusions: Moderate oxidative stress caused by a certain concentration of iNOS plays a protective role in perimenopausal insomnia, while proinflammation and depression are potential risk factors.
OBJECTIVES: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of severe and chronic autoimmune diseases. Patients undergo two treatment phases: inducing remission and maintaining remission to prevent organ damage. Immunosuppressants, including glucocorticoids (GCs) are used as first-line treatment, but long-term GC use is associated with toxic effects. Novel treatments reduce or replace the need for long-term GC, and therefore can reduce GC-related toxicity. The evolving treatment landscape has presented new challenges for health technology assessment (HTA) of new treatments in AAV and long-term modelling of costs and outcomes in this disease.
METHODS: Using the appraisal of avacopan in England (NICE) as a case study, this paper aims to identify the key challenges involved in the economic evaluation of new treatments for AAV, with a particular focus on the long-term modelling of the treatment costs and benefits for the purpose of HTA. The outcome of this study is a set of recommendations for modelling the cost-effectiveness of new treatments for AAV from the HTA perspective.
RESULTS: The discussion focuses on the appropriate model structure, approach to modelling end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as a key determinant of costeffectiveness, capturing the impact of GC-related adverse events, and estimation of short and long-term costs of AAV.
CONCLUSIONS: Economic evaluation of new treatments for AAV needs to capture all relevant downstream effects. ESRD is a key driver of cost-effectiveness but is associated with major uncertainty. Future observational studies need to offer sufficient detail to allow for differentiation in event rates across treatment options.
NEW MATERIAL:The peptide of formula (R is OH or Leu-OH) or its salt. USE:Therapeutic and preventive agent for thrombosis. It has blood platelet coagulation inhibiting action. PREPARATION:alpha-Casein is hydrolyzed with pepsin preferably in 0.1N hydrochloric acid preferably at 37 deg.C for 1hr. The hydrolyzed liquid is added with an alkali (preferably ammonia water) to adjust the pH of the reaction liquid to 4 and insoluble materials are removed to obtain an aqueous solution of the hydrolyzate. The solution is subjected to column chromatography packed with a cation exchange material. The objective compound is separated from the resultant basic peptide mixture by treating the mixture with a high performance liquid chromatography using a column packed with an octadecyl-silylated silica gel.
The production of Tabtaba (Nostoc linckia) extract is a vital step in any laboratory analyses researchers may conduct. The collection of Tabtaba or Nostoc linckia specimen comes from different clean river systems, handpicked and placed in a sterile plastic container and immediately brought to the laboratory. Cleaning the Tabtaba or Nostoc linckia specimen should be done by washing thoroughly with clean water, removing any debris or any particulate matter. Straining the washed Tabtaba or Nostoc linckia specimen was done to remove excess water. The strained Tabtaba or Nostoc linckia specimen should be soaked in distilled water for 24 hours. After soaking, the extraction procedure will be done by mashing the soaked Tabtaba or Nostoc linckia specimen. The crude extract will then be filtered using Whatmann's No.1 filter paper. For Phytochemical or Allium assay the extract should be diluted with sterile distilled water to 2.5mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, and 10mg/ml concentrations and should be prepared daily for each experiment.
2-Azolylmethyl-3-difluorobenzyloxy-2,3-dihydro-benzo[b  thiophene cpds. of formula (I) and their acid addn. salts are prepd. by reacting a cpd. of formula (II) with a cpd. of formula (III) in the presence of an inert organic solvent and a base. In the formulas, Y is imidazolyl or 1,2,4-triazolyl; Q1 and Q2 are each OH or reactive ester. (I) are useful as antimycotic agents.
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: clot blood fibrin nondissolved in water is dissolved in selected reagent and separated for components. For dissolving sodium hydroxide solution is used and separation of three fibrin fractions were separated, especially between the first and the second fraction. The presence of proteins with different molecular mass is proposed in blood clot. These proteins were bound with bond that can be easily disrupted, possibly, by adsorption. EFFECT: dissolution and separation of fibrin fractions. 1 dwg