anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a melanin generation inhibitor having excellent melanin generation inhibiting effect and high safety and stability, containing a specific plant extracted substance. SOLUTION: This melanin generation inhibitor is obtained by mixing one kind or more than two kinds of extracts of Hypericum erectum and Hypericum ascyron as perennial plants in the family Clusiaceae. The extraction is performed to preferably whole herb of the plant in a usual method by using a hydrophilic solvent (e.g. ethanol). A whitening agent is prepared by mixing 0.001-20wt.% of the melanin generation inhibitor. The whitening agent has excellent whitening action, safety and stability, and can be made to a skin preparation for external use for whitening agent and a skin cosmetic for whitening in a shape of lotion, milky agent, cream and ointment, etc.
The invention belongs to the field of Chinese herbal medicine health care and especially relates to a honeysuckle effervescent drink tablet and its preparation method. The honeysuckle effervescent drink tablet is composed of the following ingredients (by weight): 30-50 parts of honeysuckle extract powder, 20-30 parts of a disintegrating agent, 25-35 parts of diluent lactose and 1-3 parts of a lubricant PEG6000. The preparation method comprises the following steps: fetching above amount of honeysuckle extract powder, adding 5/9 of the above amount of the disintegrating agent and above amount of a diluent, uniformly mixing, pelletizing with 1% PVPK30 anhydrous ethanol solution, sieving through a 20 to 40-mesh sieve, drying under reduced pressure at 45+/-5 DEG C for 4-6 h, carrying out particle finishing, adding residual disintegrating agent and lubricant, and tabletting so as to obtain the finished product. The method has feasible technology and has good reproducibility. The prepared honeysuckle effervescent tablet has good disintegrative performance, and hardness of the product meets requirement. A drink formed after disintegration is clear and has good mouthfeel.
Externalizing behavior in early adolescence is associated with alcohol use in adolescence and early adulthood and these behaviors often emerge as part of a developmental sequence. This pattern can be the result of heterotypic continuity, in which different behaviors emerge over time based on an underlying shared etiology. In particular, there is largely a shared genetic etiology underlying externalizing and substance use behaviors. We examined whether polygenic risk for alcohol use disorder predicted (1) externalizing behavior in early adolescence and alcohol use in adolescence in the Early Steps Multisite sample and (2) externalizing behavior in adolescence and alcohol use in early adulthood in the Project Alliance 1 (PAL1) sample. We examined associations separately for African Americans and European Americans. When examining European Americans in the Early Steps sample, greater polygenic risk was associated with externalizing behavior in early adolescence. In European Americans in PAL1, we found greater polygenic risk was associated with alcohol use in early adulthood. Effects were largely absent in African Americans in both samples. Results imply that genetic predisposition for alcohol use disorder may increase risk for externalizing and alcohol use as these behaviors emerge developmentally.
BACKGROUND: Chronic cough is common, negatively affects quality of life and has limited treatment options. Inhibition of purinergic signalling is a promising therapeutic approach but is associated with taste-related adverse effects. Little is known about treatment preferences from the perspective of patients with chronic cough, such as trade-offs between efficacy and side effect.
METHODS: Patients with chronic cough completed an online discrete choice experiment survey in which they answered a series of questions requiring a choice between two constructed treatment options characterised by varying attribute levels. Selection of cough and taste-related attributes was informed by qualitative interviews and clinical trial data. Logit-based models were used to analyse resulting choice data.
RESULTS: The discrete choice experiment survey was completed by 472 participants with chronic cough. Among study attributes, frequency of intense cough attacks was the most important to participants, followed by taste change, frequency of night-time coughing and frequency of daytime coughing. To accept the least preferred taste disturbance of a bitter, metallic, chalky or oily taste change, participants required either: (1) elimination of night-time cough along with a slight reduction in daytime cough; (2) elimination of daytime cough along with a pronounced reduction in night-time or (3) reduction in intense cough attacks from 7 to 2 times per week. Two distinct preference patterns were identified, each placing different importance on efficacy versus side effect trade-offs.
CONCLUSIONS: Participants with chronic cough were willing to accept some taste disturbances in exchange for improved efficacy of chronic cough treatments. Knowledge of patient preferences can facilitate shared decision-making.
NEW MATERIAL:The Tau-containing tetrapeptide of formula I (Tyr is L- tyrosine; D-Arg is D-arginine; Phe is L-phenylalanine; Tau is taurine). USE:A compound useful for the physiological or pharmacological investigation of opioid receptor and the investigation of analgesic and pain-producing mechanism. PREPARATION:Tau is carbobenzoxylated, refluxed by heating together with phosphorus pentachloride and extracted with benzene. Ammonia gas is introduced into the extract to obtain Z-Tau-NH2, which is converted to a compound of formula II (Tos is p-toluenesulfonyl) via Boc-Phe-Tau-NH2 (Boc is t- butoxycarbonyl). The compound of formula II is dissolved in o-cresol and thioanisole is dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is added to the solutions and stirred, anhydrous ether is added to the mixture and the precipitate is purified by a column chromatography, etc.
A pretreatment protocol including sodium hypochlorite and ortho-phosphoric acid was applied to the tooth surface. Then, the tooth was restored with a composite resin material (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE). This protocol is a clinically approved way for restoring hypomineralized teeth.
The patients will consume standard of care oral nutrition as per routine dietary counseling, to reach their target energy intake. Standard of care tube feeding or parenteral nutrition is allowed to start earliest 3 weeks after baseline visit, if required.
We constructed an early prediction model for postoperative pulmonary complications after thoracoscopic surgery using machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The artificial intelligence prediction models were built in Python, primarily using artificial intelligencealgorithms including both machine learning and deep learning algorithms. Correlation analysis showed that postoperative pulmonary complications were positively correlated with age and surgery duration, and negatively correlated with serum albumin. Using the light gradient boosting machine(LGBM) algorithm, weighted feature engineering revealed that single lung ventilation duration, history of smoking, surgery duration, ASA score, and blood glucose were the main factors associated with postoperative pulmonary complications. Results of artificial intelligence algorithms for predicting pulmonary complications after thoracoscopy in the test group: In terms of accuracy, the two best algorithms were Logistic Regression (0.831) and light gradient boosting machine(0.827); in terms of precision, the two best algorithms were Gradient Boosting (0.75) and light gradient boosting machine (0.742); in terms of recall, the three best algorithms were gaussian naive bayes (0.581), Logistic Regression (0.532), and pruning Bayesian neural network (0.516); in terms of F1 score, the two best algorithms were LogisticRegression (0.589) and pruning Bayesian neural network (0.566); and in terms of Area Under Curve(AUC), the two best algorithms were light gradient boosting machine(0.873) and pruning Bayesian neural network (0.869). The results of this study suggest that pruning Bayesian neural network (PBNN) can be used to assess the possibility of pulmonary complications after thoracoscopy, and to identify high-risk groups prior to surgery.
PURPOSE: We aimed to identify factors associated with the extent of brain metastases in patients with breast cancer to help distinguish brain oligometastases (1-4 brain metastases) from extensive metastases (5 or more brain metastases).
METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 100 female patients diagnosed with brain metastases from breast cancer at a single institution between January 2011 and April 2022. Patient demographics and tumor characteristics were compared between the brain oligometastases group and the extensive metastases group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent factors, including age at initial diagnosis, initial stage, breast cancer subtype, detection time of brain metastases, and de novo or recurrent status of the metastatic disease. In a subgroup analysis of patients with brain oligometastases, demographic and tumor characteristics were compared between patients with single and two-four brain metastases.
RESULTS: Of the 100 patients, 56 had brain oligometastases, while 44 had extensive brain metastases. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that only the de novo/recurrent status of metastatic breast cancer was significantly associated with the extent of brain metastasis (p = 0.023). In the subgroup analysis of 56 patients with brain oligometastases, those diagnosed at an earlier stage were more likely to have a single brain metastasis (p = 0.008).
CONCLUSION: Patients with de novo metastatic breast cancer are more likely to develop extensive brain metastases than those with recurrent metastatic breast cancer. This insight could influence the development of tailored approaches for monitoring and treating brain metastases, supporting the potential advantages of routine brain screening for patients newly diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer.
It is intended to provide an immunogen and a composition for immunological use by which a sufficient immune response can be induced even from an antigen protein seemingly unavailable to induce any effective immune responses for various reasons, and a process for producing an antibody using the same. An immunogen containing a fused protein in which the full-length or a part of a desired antigen protein and a folding factor or its subunit are bonded together via one or more peptide bonds. Owing to the function of the folding factor, the antigen protein contained in the fused protein can be obtained as a soluble protein having a correct stereostructure. It is also possible to prevent the antigen protein from quick degradation in the blood of an animal having been inoculated therewith. Compared with a single antigen protein, furthermore, this immunogen can induce an elevated immune reaction in an animal. Examples of the folding factor include chaperonine and PPIase.
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is defined as the partial or total obstruction of one or more lower extremity arteries, most often of atherosclerotic origin. It is a common disease whose 5-years mortality is near 30%.The positive diagnosis is based on clinical examination and measurement of the ankle-brachial index (ABI), which is the ratio of systolic pressure of ankle and brachial systolic pressure. The threshold value for the diagnosis is \<0.90. Physiopathologically, mitochondria have the predominant role of providing the ATP necessary for the energetic needs of myocytes, which increase drastically during muscle contraction during exercise. This energy production is of course conditioned by the availability of oxygen. In patients with PAOD, the decrease in blood flow secondary to significant stenosis has the direct consequence of disrupting oxygen delivery to distal muscles and thus limiting muscular performance. Because mitochondrial respiration is the only metabolic pathway capable of providing the energy needed to sustain an effort of several minutes, intermittent claudication in PAOD has logically been related to a hemodynamic mechanism of intermittent muscle hypoperfusion. Recently, an increasing number of histological or functional studies have suggested that episodes of ischemia-reperfusion could induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Medical treatment of patients frequently includes statins while a direct deleterious effect on mitochondrial function has been suspected, inducing a deterioration of the muscular oxidative capacity which would increase the factors hemodynamics and may accumulate in mitochondrial myopathy. In the light of these elements, it is clear that there would be a benefit in being able to distinguish and quantify 1) the part of the reduction of mitochondrial activity secondary to the hemodynamic factor alone due to a decreased muscle perfusion 2) the mitochondrial involvement (mitochondriopathy) potentially induced by oxidative stress in PAOD. 2 sub-groups are distinguished to identify the statin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
In the first session, the subjects will fill some questionnaires. After that, a squared area of 4x4 cm will be selected at the center of each middle forearm of the subject and cowage or histamine will be applied for 10 minutes, during which the pain/itch following the cowhage/histamine application will be monitored with a VAS scale. After the itch-induction, the subjects will fill in other questionnaire. In second session, the subjects will fill some questionnaires. After that, a squared area of 4x4 cm will be selected at the center of each middle forearm of the subject and cowage or histamine will be applied for 10 minutes, during which the pain/itch following the cowhage/histamine application will be monitored with a VAS scale. After the itch-induction, the subjects will fill out other questionnaires. The order will be randomized, so if the subjects were given the cowhage in the first session, they will receive the histamine application in the second session, and vice versa.
Capillary lotion contains an alcoholic mixt of dyes of specific plants mixed with a penetrating agent. The lotion cures baldness and other hair maladies by stimulating hair roots. The penetrating agent is pref hyaluronidase. A retarding effect is obt. from a gel of carboxypolymethylene polymer prepd from 1-2% pof polyalkylene polyether and polyallyl saccharose in acrylic acid polymerised with e.g. benzoyl peroxide. Plant products are cayenne pepper, mustard acid Urtica urens or dioica. Addition of neutralised vinylcarboxy polymer as an alcoholic gel also stimulates regeneration of hair roots.
This study hopes to learn if giving intravenous (IV) busulfan with fludarabine before (as a conditioning regimen) allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (HPC) is safe and helps patients with Non-Hodgkin´s Lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin´s Lymphoma (HL). An HPC transplant takes cells from a donor´s bone marrow and, after chemotherapy treatment with a conditioning regimen, infuses the donor´s cells into the patient´s body. Busulfan is a strong drug that suppresses the immune system and fludarabine is a chemotherapy (cancer fighting) drug. These drugs can stop the growth of cancer cells by breaking the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or genetic material which is necessary for the growth of both healthy and cancer cells. The use of IV busulfan with fludarabine as a conditioning regimen prior to HPC transplant is investigational (not approved by the Food and Drug Administration \[FDA\]).

Busulfan is only given once daily by IV in this study, which is also not approved by the FDA. Patients in this study will go through standard procedures for their disease like medical history, physical exam, blood tests, Multi Gated Acquisition Scan (MUGA) scan or echocardiogram, bone marrow aspirate or biopsy, and lung functions test. Patients will be asked to donate additional blood and bone marrow for this study and for potential future research on their blood related to this study. Because of the normal procedures for HPC transplants patients in this study will be hospitalized for 4 to 6 weeks or longer and will make frequent trips to the clinic to visit the study doctor for supervision for at least one year. Each patient will also have to have a central venous catheter inserted into a large vein above the heart. This is used to give the drugs and to take blood samples.

Participation in this study will last about two years. The study expects to enroll 32 patients and will open to at least two collaborating institutions in the future. Upon initial Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval enrollment will only occur at West Virginia University (WVU). The IRB will be notified before enrollment occurs at other institutions.
BACKGROUND: Acute otitis media (AOM) accounts for roughly 25% of antibiotics prescribed to children annually. Despite national guidelines that recommend short (5-7 days) durations of antibiotics for children 2 years and older with AOM, most receive long (10 day) courses. This study aims to evaluate antibiotic durations prescribed for children aged 2-17 years with uncomplicated AOM across two pediatric academic health systems, and to assess the variability in prescribed durations between and within each system.
METHODS: Electronic medical record data from 135 care locations at two health systems were retrospectively analyzed. Outpatient encounters for children aged 2-17 years with a diagnosis of AOM from 2019 to 2022 were included. The primary outcome was the percent of 5-day prescriptions. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of 7-day prescriptions, 10-day prescriptions, prescriptions for nonfirst-line antibiotics, cases associated with treatment failure, AOM recurrence, and adverse drug events.
RESULTS: Among 73 198 AOM encounters for children 2 years and older, 61 612 (84%) encounters resulted in an antibiotic prescription. Most prescriptions were for 10 days (45 689; 75%), 20% were for 7 days (12 060), and only 5% were for 5 days (3144). Treatment failure, AOM recurrence, adverse drug events, hospitalizations, and office, emergency department or urgent-care visits for AOM within 30 days after the index visit were rare.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite national guidelines that recommend shorter durations for children with uncomplicated AOM, 75% of our cohort received 10-day durations. Shortening durations of therapy for AOM could reduce antibiotic exposure and should be a priority of pediatric antibiotic stewardship programs.
Participants should eat a pack of OPH once a day for 28 days. The dosage of the OPH is 11.74 g/day.
TOPAMAX ® increases the risk of kidney stones. During adjunctive epilepsy trials, the risk for kidney stones in TOPAMAX ®-treated adults was 1.5%, an incidence about 2 to 4 times greater than expected in a similar, untreated population. As in the general population, the incidence of stone formation among TOPAMAX ®-treated patients was higher in men. Kidney stones have also been reported in pediatric patients taking TOPAMAX ® for epilepsy or migraine. During long-term (up to 1 year) TOPAMAX ® treatment in an open-label extension study of 284 pediatric patients 1–24 months old with epilepsy, 7% developed kidney or bladder stones. TOPAMAX ® is not approved for treatment of epilepsy in pediatric patients less than 2 years old [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)]. 

TOPAMAX ® is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can promote stone formation by reducing urinary citrate excretion and by increasing urinary pH [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] . The concomitant use of TOPAMAX ® with any other drug producing metabolic acidosis, or potentially in patients on a ketogenic diet, may create a physiological environment that increases the risk of kidney stone formation, and should therefore be avoided. 

Increased fluid intake increases the urinary output, lowering the concentration of substances involved in stone formation. Hydration is recommended to reduce new stone formation.

An increase in urinary calcium and a marked decrease in urinary citrate was observed in TOPAMAX-treated pediatric patients in a one-year active-controlled study [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)] . This increased ratio of urinary calcium/citrate increases the risk of kidney stones and/or nephrocalcinosis.
Tissue repair and fibrosis involve the dynamic remodeling of collagen, and accurate detection of these sites is of utmost importance. Here, we use a collagen peptide sensor (1) to visualize collagen formation and remodeling during wound healing in mice and humans. We show that the probe binds selectively to sites of collagen formation and remodeling at different stages of healing. Compared to conventional methods, the peptide sensor localizes preferentially to areas of collagen synthesis and remodeling at the wound edge and not in matured fibrillar collagen. We also demonstrate its applicability for in vivo wound imaging and for discerning differential remodeling in wounds of transgenic mice with altered collagen dynamics. Our findings show the value of 1 as a diagnostic tool to rapidly identify the sites of matrix remodeling in tissue sections, which will aid in the conception of new therapeutic strategies for fibrotic disorders and defective tissue repair.
Days 1 through 7, each subject received a placebo run-in. Days 8 through 21, 2 sprays of placebo nasal spray per nostril once daily.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness measured with manually corrected segmentation and visual function in individuals with chronic Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).
METHODS: Twenty-six chronic LHON subjects (60% treated with idebenone or Q10) from the Swedish LHON registry were enrolled. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field tests, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed. Visual field was evaluated with the Haag-Streit Octopus 900 with the Esterman test and a custom 30° test. Canon OCT-HS100 scans were exported to the Iowa Reference Algorithm. GCC thickness was obtained after the segmentation was corrected manually in nine macular sectors.
RESULTS: The GCC thickness was overestimated by 16 to 30 µm in different macular sectors with the automated segmentation compared with the corrected (P < 0.001). GCC thickness in all sectors showed significant correlation with all functional parameters. The strongest correlation was seen for the external temporal sector (BCVA: r = 0.604, P < 0.001; mean defect: r = 0.457, P = 0.001; Esterman score: r = 0.421, P = 0.003). No differences were seen between treated and untreated subjects with regard to GCC and visual field scores (P > 0.05), but BCVA was better among treated subjects (P = 0.017).
CONCLUSIONS: The corrected GCC thickness showed correlation with visual function in chronic LHON subjects. The frequently occurring segmentation errors in OCT measurements related to chronic LHON can potentially be misleading in monitoring of disease progression and in evaluating the treatment effects. Precise measurements of GCC could serve as a sensitive tool to monitor structural changes in LHON. We therefore emphasize the importance of careful evaluation of the accuracy of OCT segmentation.