anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), best treated by complete surgical resection, are frequently difficult to localize due to small size, presence in hollow organs, and morphological changes caused by prior surgery. Imaging of NETs relies primarily on conventional morphological methods (EUS, CT, MRI, US). Functional imaging, such as somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) using the In111-labeled somatostatin analog octreotide, provides better staging of the disease, visualization of occult tumor, and evaluation of patient eligibility for somatostatin analog treatment. This modality is effective for carcinoid tumors, and for most pancreatic islet-cell tumors. However, it may fail to detect some tumors, mostly due to low density of somatostatin receptors, with resulting lack of tumor uptake. The relatively poor spatial resolution of planar and SPECT imaging may also reduce tumor detection, particularly for small tumors and/or those with low uptake. Furthermore, this technique is lengthy, often requiring repeated imaging over 24-48 hours. Introduction of newer somatostatin analogs such as DOTANOC offers many advantages. Higher uptake of the newer analogs in more of the somatostatin receptor subtypes improves lesion detection. In addition, labeling with the positron emitter, Ga68, instead of In111 improves the pharmacokinetics of the tracer, and the faster tumor uptake and more rapid clearance from normal tissues increases tumor to background contrast, improving tumor visualization, and resulting in an easier procedure with imaging only 1-2 hours after tracer injection. The superior spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) again enhances lesion detectability, and use of PET makes it possible to perform exact quantitation of tracer uptake that can be useful for monitoring therapy and for planning peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.

In this study, we propose to use Ga68-DOTANOC PET for imaging of various NETs, comparing the imaging data to those of anatomical and other functional modalities, and to histopathology, when available.
BACKGROUND: We conducted this study to clarify the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) and Nabothian cysts.
METHODS: This study included 48 patients who underwent hysterectomy at our institution between 2016 and 2020 for suspected LEGH. Histopathological studies confirmed the presence of 25 Nabothian cysts and 23 cases of LEGH. We retrospectively analyzed five characteristic MRI findings: (1) located at the upper cervical canal, (2) positioned within the cervical stroma, (3) not circumscribing the cervical canal, (4) low- to iso-intensity on T1-weighted images (T1WI), and (5) "cosmos" or "microcystic" pattern. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of these findings for LEGH and Nabothian cysts using sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Combinations of findings were also calculated.
RESULTS: The characteristics "cosmos" or "microcystic" pattern, lesion not circumscribing the cervical canal, and low/iso-intensity on T1WI had a sensitivity and specificity greater than 50%. The sensitivity was 73.9% and specificity 84.0% when a combination of "cosmos" or "microcystic" pattern and lesion not circumscribing the cervical canal was present.
CONCLUSION: The coexistence of a "cosmos" or "microcystic" pattern and not circumscribing the cervical canal was the most characteristic finding that distinguished LEGH from Nabothian cysts. When neither of these findings is present, Nabothian cyst can be suspected.
The intervention with isometric exercise for the lower limbs, the volunteers will start in a vertical position, with shoulders and hips in contact with the wall, feet parallel and shoulder-width apart and hands at the sides of the body. Then (second phase), the volunteers, maintaining contact with the wall, squatted and advanced their feet in the desired position until the knee joint angle reached the previously determined value. The third phase referred directly to the isometric effort of the isometric exercise session. For the isometric wall squat exercise session, volunteers will be asked to perform 4 repetitions of 2 minutes, with a 2-minute rest interval in a seated position for adequate rest between each repetition.
INTRODUCTION: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a modern neuromodulation technique extensively proven to be an effective modality for treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. It has been mainly studied for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) and recent data almost uniformly establishes its statistically significant positive therapeutic results. It has also been compared with other available treatment modalities across various studies. However, long term data on maintenance of its efficacious potential remains less explored. Few studies have reported data on long follow-up times (>= 12 months) and have compared its efficacy with other treatment options for chronic pain, respectively. Our study pools and analyzes the available data and compares SCS with other treatment options. It also analyzes the efficacy of SCS in long term management of patients with chronic pain.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We reviewed all the data available on MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL using a search strategy designed to fit our pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both single-arm and double-arm studies were included. The primary outcome was defined as decrease of visual analogue scale (VAS) by >50% at 6, 12 and/or 24 months after SCS.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: According to the pooled data of double-arm studies, SCS has unanimously proven its superiority over other treatment options at 6 months follow-up; however it fails to prove statistically significant difference in results at longer treatment intervals. Dorsal root ganglion stimulation, a relatively recent technique with the same underlying physiologic mechanisms as SCS, showed far more promising results than SCS. Single-arm studies show around 70% patients experiencing greater than 50% reduction in their VAS scores at 6 and 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS: SCS is a viable option for management of chronic neuropathic pain secondary to FBSS and CRPS. However, data available for its long term efficacy remains scarce and show no further statistically significant results.
Inflammatory processes in the brain can exert important neuroprotective functions. However, in neurological and psychiatric disorders, it is often detrimental due to chronic microglial over-activation and the dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines. Growing evidence indicates the emerging yet prominent pathophysiological role of neuroinflammation in the development and progression of these disorders. Despite recent advances, there is still a pressing need for effective therapies, and targeting neuroinflammation is a promising approach. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of a marketed and quantified proprietary herbal extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves called EGb 761 (10-500 µg/mL) in BV2 microglial cells stimulated by LPS (10 ng/mL). Our results demonstrate significant inhibition of LPS-induced expression and release of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and chemokines C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), CXCL10, c-c motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL3 in BV2 microglial cells. The observed effects are possibly mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, as well as the protein kinase C (PKC) and the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling cascades. The findings of this in vitro study highlight the anti-inflammatory properties of EGb 761 and its therapeutic potential, making it an emerging candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases and warranting further research in pre-clinical and clinical settings.
There have been rare reports of an uncommon, but potentially fatal symptom complex sometimes referred to as Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) associated with metoclopramide. Clinical manifestations of NMS include hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, altered consciousness, and evidence of autonomic instability (irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis and cardiac arrhythmias).

The diagnostic evaluation of patients with this syndrome is complicated. In arriving at a diagnosis, it is important to identify cases where the clinical presentation includes both serious medical illness (e.g., pneumonia, systemic infection, etc.) and untreated or inadequately treated extrapyramidal signs and symptoms (EPS). Other important considerations in the differential diagnosis include central anticholinergic toxicity, heat stroke, malignant hyperthermia, drug fever and primary central nervous system (CNS) pathology.

The management of NMS should include 1) immediate discontinuation of metoclopramide and other drugs not essential to concurrent therapy, 2) intensive symptomatic treatment and medical monitoring, and 3) treatment of any concomitant serious medical problems for which specific treatments are available. Bromocriptine and dantrolene sodium have been used in treatment of NMS, but their effectiveness have not been established (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).
OBJECTIVE: The postictal state is underrecognized in epilepsy. Animal models show improvement of postictal symptoms and cerebral perfusion with acetaminophen or nimodipine. We studied the effects of acetaminophen or nimodipine on postictal electroencephalographic (EEG) recovery, clinical reorientation, and hypoperfusion in patients with ECT-induced seizures.
METHODS: In this prospective clinical trial with three-condition randomized crossover design, study interventions were administered orally 2 h before ECT sessions (1000 mg acetaminophen, 60 mg nimodipine, or a placebo condition). Primary outcome measure was the speed of postictal EEG recovery. Secondary outcomes were the extent of postictal EEG recovery, clinical reorientation time, and postictal cerebral blood flow as assessed by perfusion-weighted MRI. Bayesian generalized mixed-effects models were applied for analyses.
RESULTS: We included 300 seizures, postictal EEGs, and reorientation time values, and 76 MRI perfusion measures from 33 patients (median age 53 years, 19 female). Pretreatment with acetaminophen or nimodipine was not associated with change in speed of EEG recovery compared to placebo (1.13 [95%CI 0.92, 1.40] and 1.07 [95%CI 0.87, 1.31], respectively), nor with the secondary outcomes. No patient reached full EEG recovery at 1 h post-seizure, despite clinical recovery in 89%. Longer seizures were associated with slower EEG recovery and lower postictal perfusion. Nimodipine altered regional perfusion in the posterior cortex.
INTERPRETATION: Pretreatment with acetaminophen or nimodipine did not alleviate symptoms and signs of the postictal state. Systematic study of the postictal state after ECT-induced seizures is feasible.
The present invention discloses a Chinese medicine oral preparation for treating gynecological inflammation. Thirteen kinds of traditional Chinese medicines comprising red peony root, glabrous greenbrier rhizome, common prism tuber, szechwan chinaberry fruit, curcuma zedoaria, corydalis tuber, gordon euryale seed, Chinese angelica, lightyellow sophora root, nutgrass galingale rhizome, Chinese yam, and the like are used as raw materials. Extractum powder is prepared by the steps of extracting by grouping, concentrating and drying. Adjuvant materials are added to the extractum powder to prepare a dripping pill or a soft capsule. The Chinese medicine oral preparation has the effects for activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis, softening and resolving hard mass, clearing away heat and toxic material, relieving inflammation and alleviating pain. Pharmacodynamical tests show that the Chinese medicine oral preparation has the pharmacological function for relieving inflammation, alleviating pain, and the like, is used for chronic annexitis, pelvic inflammatory diseases, vaginitis, cystitis, chronic appendicitis, urinary tract infection and other diseases, and has the advantages of high active ingredient content, obvious effect, outstanding curative effect, convenient administration and carrying, stable quality, etc.
A total of 58 participants will be recruited for this study after obtaining informed voluntary assent from the guardians. Simple random sampling using the envelop method will be used for the group allocation, to which the participants will be blind. Each participant will be allocated randomly to the treatment group (n=29) that will receive Simulated Equestrian Therapy and the control group (n=29) to receive Neuromotor Therapy. Each participant will be assessed at baseline, after 6 and 12 weeks of intervention using Bruinink's test of motor proficiency (BOT-2) and 10 meter walk test (10MWT). Each participant's blood pressure and heart rate will also be recorded before each session to ensure safety. The participants will be wearing protective gear (belt, helmet, knee and elbow pads) and portable telemetry during the entire session. The session duration in both groups will comprise 30-45 minutes on average, varying with the progression each week. Each session will be provided three times/a week for 3 months.
Heart disease involves irreversible myocardial injury that leads to high morbidity and mortality rates. Numerous cell-based cardiac in vitro models have been proposed as complementary approaches to non-clinical animal research. However, most of these approaches struggle to accurately replicate adult human heart conditions, such as myocardial infarction and ventricular remodeling pathology. The intricate interplay between various cell types within the adult heart, including cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, contributes to the complexity of most heart diseases. Consequently, the mechanisms behind heart disease induction cannot be attributed to a single-cell type. Thus, the use of multi-cellular models becomes essential for creating clinically relevant in vitro cell models. This study focuses on generating self-organizing heart organoids (HOs) using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). These organoids consist of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, mimicking the cellular composition of the human heart. The multi-cellular composition of HOs was confirmed through various techniques, including immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, q-PCR, and single-cell RNA sequencing. Subsequently, HOs were subjected to hypoxia-induced ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injuries within controlled culture conditions. The resulting phenotypes resembled those of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), characterized by cardiac cell death, biomarker secretion, functional deficits, alterations in calcium ion handling, and changes in beating properties. Additionally, the HOs subjected to IR efficiently exhibited cardiac fibrosis, displaying collagen deposition, disrupted calcium ion handling, and electrophysiological anomalies that emulate heart disease. These findings hold significant implications for the advancement of in vivo-like 3D heart and disease modeling. These disease models present a promising alternative to animal experimentation for studying cardiac diseases, and they also serve as a platform for drug screening to identify potential therapeutic targets.
Psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for many mental disorders, yet there is a gap between research and practice. Research indicates that: the therapist-patient alliance is important to reduce patient symptoms, alliance tensions are detrimental to patients, and those therapists who identify and repair alliance tensions can improve patient outcomes. In this study we will use state of the art research to train community-based therapists in evidence-based interventions to identify and repair alliance tensions. Trained therapists and their patients will be compared to therapists who provide usual care to their patients. Improvement in therapists' skills in identifying and repairing alliance tensions and how this is associated with better patient mental health outcomes will be measured. Trained therapists will be interviewed to identify the best ways of improving the training and disseminating the findings to psychotherapists across Canada. Research to improve practicing therapists' ability to identify and repair therapeutic alliance tensions will result in better mental health outcomes for patients.
Systems and methods for treating a subject with a psychiatric disorder are provided in winch a therapy session is conducted. In the therapy session, each respective expression image in a plurality of expression images is sequentially displayed. Each expression image is independently associated with an expression. The successive display of images is construed as a tiled series of expression image subsets, each consisting of N expression images. Upon completion of the display of each respective subset, the user is challenged as to whether the first and the last images in the respective subset exhibit the same emotion. A score is determined for the respective subset based on whether the subject learned to respond correctly. The number of images in each subset is adjusted to a new number based on these scores. A treatment regimen is prescribed to the subject for the psychiatric disorder based at least in part on the scores.
Salvia officinalis L., commonly known as sage and belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is a medicinal herb indigenous to the Mediterranean region. It is celebrated for its diverse pharmacological properties and traditional uses in folk medicine, particularly in addressing hepatotoxicity. Cisplatin (Cis), a potent chemotherapeutic agent widely employed in cancer treatment, is recognized for its efficacy but often accompanied by adverse effects, including hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study was to assess whether an ethanolic S. officinalis extract (ESOE) could provide protection against Cis-induced hepatotoxicity in an experimental rat model. The ESOE was prepared using standard extraction techniques, and its chemical constituents were elucidated through UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, revealing the presence of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids, which are associated with various therapeutic effects, including hepatoprotection. Adult male albino rats were allocated into four groups: control, ESOE (250 mg/kg), Cis (7.5 mg/kg), and ESOE (250 mg/kg) + Cis (7.5 mg/kg). The treatment duration lasted 21 days, with Cis administration on the 22nd day. Twenty-four hours post-Cis administration, blood and liver samples were collected for analysis. Cis-induced hepatotoxicity was evidenced by alterations in hematological parameters, including erythrocyte, thrombocyte, leukocyte, and lymphocyte counts, alongside elevated serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT, LDH, AST, ALP, and GGT), indicative of liver damage. Furthermore, Cis exposure resulted in increased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitric oxide (NO) levels, oxidative stress markers, coupled with decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), a non-enzymatic antioxidant, and histopathological changes in liver tissue, characterized by necrosis and inflammation. Additionally, Cis treatment led to elevated levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), TNF-α, and IL-6, indicating oxidative stress and inflammation. Remarkably, pretreatment with ESOE ameliorated these Cis-induced hepatotoxic effects, as evidenced by improved hematological parameters, reduced liver enzyme activities, alleviated oxidative stress, and ameliorated histopathological alterations. The observed hepatoprotective effects of ESOE against Cis-induced liver injury may be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent in mitigating chemotherapy-associated hepatotoxicity.
BACKGROUND: The association of body mass index (BMI) with survival outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with first-line chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or chemoimmunotherapy is controversial. We aimed to investigate these associations, including associations in male and female patients specifically, in a multicenter cohort study.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from seven cohorts comprising 7021 advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients who received chemotherapy (three cohorts), immunotherapy (two cohorts), and chemoimmunotherapy (two cohorts) from five data sources, including a de-identified nationwide (US-based) NSCLC clinico-genomic database and two randomized, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trials. BMI was categorized as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. Underweight patients were excluded because of their small proportion. The primary endpoints were the associations between BMI and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) stratified by treatment type and sex, which were assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods and adjusted Cox modeling. Meta-analyses were performed to combine the adjusted hazard ratios.
RESULTS: In the pooled analysis, obesity was significantly associated with improved OS in patients receiving chemotherapy (hazard ratios [HR] = 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76-0.93), but there was no association with PFS (HR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.82-1.02). The association of BMI with OS for patients receiving chemotherapy differed by sex, with an inverse association in men (HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.64-0.84), but no association observed in women (HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.81-1.13, Pinteraction = 0.018). No impact of BMI on OS or PFS was detected in patients receiving immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy. Obese patients had the lowest level of tumor mutational burden, similar level of programmed death-ligand 1 expression and ESTIMATE scores.
CONCLUSIONS: Obesity may be associated with an increased overall survival among male patients treated with chemotherapy, whereas not associated with the outcomes in patients treated with immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy.
The recommended dosage regimen of NAGLAZYME is 1 mg per kg of body weight administered once weekly as an intravenous infusion. 

The total volume of the infusion should be delivered over a period of time of no less than 4 hours. NAGLAZYME should be diluted with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, to a final volume of 250 mL and delivered by controlled intravenous infusion using an infusion pump. The initial infusion rate should be 6 mL per hour for the first hour. If the infusion is well tolerated, the rate of infusion may be increased to 80 mL per hour for the remaining 3 hours. The infusion time can be extended up to 20 hours if infusion reactions occur.

For patients 20 kg and under or those who are susceptible to fluid volume overload, physicians may consider diluting NAGLAZYME in a volume of 100 mL [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. The infusion rate (mL per hour) should be decreased so that the total infusion duration remains no less than 4 hours.

Each vial of NAGLAZYME provides 5 mg of galsulfase (expressed as protein content) in 5 mL of solution and is intended for single use only. Do not use the vial more than one time. The concentrated solution for infusion must be diluted with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, using aseptic techniques. Prepare NAGLAZYME using low-protein-binding containers and administer the diluted NAGLAZYME solution to patients using a low-protein-binding infusion set equipped with a low-protein-binding 0.2 µm in-line filter. There is no information on the compatibility of diluted NAGLAZYME with glass containers.