anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Myopia (nearsightedness) is an important public health problem, which entails substantial societal and personal costs. It is highly prevalent in our society and even more frequent in Asian countries; furthermore, its prevalence may be increasing over time. High myopia contributes to significant loss of vision and blindness. At present, the mechanisms involved in the etiology of myopia are unclear, and there is no way to prevent the condition. Current methods of correction require lifelong use of lenses or surgical treatment, which is expensive and may lead to complications. The rationale for this trial, the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET), arises from the convergence of research involving (1) the link between accommodation and myopia in children and (2) animal models of myopia showing the important role of the visual environment in eye growth. A contribution of this research is that blur is a critical component in the development of myopia. The primary aim of COMET, to evaluate the efficacy of progressive addition lenses, a noninvasive intervention, in slowing the progression of myopia, follows from this line of reasoning. These lenses should provide clear visual input over a range of viewing distances without focusing effort by the child. The comparison of myopia progression in children treated with PALs versus single vision lenses will allow the quantification of the effect of PALs on myopia progression during the followup period.

The COMET is a multicenter, randomized, double-masked clinical trial to evaluate whether PALs slow the progression of juvenile-onset myopia as compared with single vision lenses. The study is a collaborative effort that involves a Study Chair at the New England College of Optometry; four clinical centers at colleges of optometry in Boston, Birmingham, Philadelphia, and Houston; and a Coordinating Center at the State University of New York at Stony Brook.

The sample size goal, 450 children with myopia in both eyes who met specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, was attained with the enrollment of 469 children in one year. Children were identified from school screenings, clinic records, and referrals from local practitioners. Eligible children were randomly assigned to receive progressive addition or single vision lenses. Participating children are being examined at 6-month intervals following baseline, for at least 3 years, to measure changes in refractive error and to update prescriptions, according to a specified protocol. A dilated examination to evaluate the study outcome measures is performed at the annual study visits. A standardized, common protocol is used at all centers.

The primary outcome of the study is progression of myopia, defined as the magnitude of the change relative to baseline in spherical equivalent refraction, determined by cycloplegic autorefraction. The secondary outcome of the study is axial length measured by A-scan ultrasonography.
DOSAGE MUST BE ADJUSTED TO INDIVIDUAL PATIENT NEEDS. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY.)

The only oral dose clearly shown to be effective is 160 mg per day (in 4 equally divided doses). Since this dose is associated with a significant incidence of side effects, it is prudent to begin with 80 mg per day (in 4 equally divided doses). Depending upon the patient's response during the first week of therapy, the dose should be increased to 160 mg per day unless side effects limit dosage escalation.

If efficacy is not achieved within 2 weeks or side effects require doses below 80 mg per day, the drug should be discontinued. Documented safety data are not available for doses above 80 mg daily for periods longer than 2 weeks.

The intramuscular dosage form is to be used temporarily when the patient cannot take oral medication. Intramuscular injection is about twice as bioavailable as oral dosage forms; consequently, the recommended intramuscular dose is 80 mg daily (in 4 equally divided doses).

Oral dicyclomine hydrochloride should be started as soon as possible and the intramuscular form should not be used for periods longer than 1 or 2 days.
High-risk sexual behavior is the primary risk factor for the acquisition and persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the development of HPV-associated diseases including cancer. Incidence of HPV infection is high among individuals in their late teens and early 20s. Thus, college students represent a historically high-risk group for HPV infection yet are also a group with the ability to independently access HPV vaccination for HPV prevention. To inform future interventions, we examined factors associated with HPV-associated risky sexual behaviors among sexually active college students. Data (N = 741) were from an anonymous online survey distributed to students at a public Midwestern university in 2021. The outcomes were HPV-associated sexual risk behaviors-number of oral or vaginal sexual partners [high (≥ 5) or low (< 5)] and age of oral or vaginal sexual debut [early (< 18 years) or late (≥ 18 years)]. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the association between HPV-associated risky sexual behaviors and several predictors including age, gender, relationship status, academic level, country of birth, and rural-urban status. Among sexually active students, approximately 47% and 41% had a high number of lifetime vaginal and oral partners, respectively. Among the same group, 60% and 64% had early vaginal and oral sexual debut. Students who were single and dating (aOR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.21, 3.08) or single and not dating (2.11; 1.28, 3.48) were more likely to have a high number of vaginal lifetime partners compared with married students. Single (vs. married) students were also about twice as likely to have a high number of oral lifetime partners. Relative to graduate students, freshmen/sophomores were more likely to have an early vaginal (2.44; 1.45, 4.11) and oral (2.14; 1.26, 3.63) sexual debut. Interventions tailored to college freshmen/sophomores and unmarried students should encourage students to receive the HPV vaccine for prevention of future HPV-associated diseases.
Infertile patients underwent ovarian stimulation, started on cycle day eight with 75 IU Menogon (Ferring Pharm Co, Switzerland) daily. Ultrasound monitoring was required after every 2-3 days of stimulation and adjustments to dose and duration were tailed according the patient's response. Ovulation was triggered when at least one and no more than 3 follicles reached ≥18mm in diameter. Patients were then randomly assigned to receive two doses of GnRH-a (Fertipeptil 0.1mg x 2 vial; Ferring Pharm Co, Switzerland) for ovulation trigger.
AIM: To assess the status quo of outcome measures used in treatment studies in Endodontics, and potentially identify strategies for improvement, by (i) systematically assessing the outcome measures using a conceptual model and (ii) comparing these with measures used in corresponding studies in the adjacent fields.
METHODOLOGY: The International Endodontic Journal, Caries Research, The Journal of Clinical Periodontology and The Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache were selected to cover four adjacent dental disciplines. In each journal, the 50 most recent consecutive publications fulfilling inclusion criteria were included. A hierarchical model for diagnostic imaging studies was modified to assess studies related to treatment. The model comprised six levels, with technical as the lowest level and societal as the highest. Extracted data included study origin, study type, and identified outcome measures. Fisher's Exact Tests with Bonferroni corrections compared studies. p < .05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: Amongst 756 publications, the 200 most recent studies matching the inclusion criteria were identified. Less than half (36.5%) assessed the clinical, patient, or societal aspects of treatment; 10.0% in International Endodontic Journal, 28.0% in Caries Research, 38.0% in Journal of Clinical Periodontology, and 70.0% in Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache (p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS: According to included publications, research on treatment within the endodontic field is mainly focusing on technical and biological outcomes. The benefits of patients and society were less frequently examined than in corresponding journals in adjacent disciplines. When designing studies, including higher-level outcomes should be considered.
Cases will be individuals with documented definite or probable Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), or drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) or symptom onset consistent with one of these conditions within the first 4 months of using ESL (including up to 14 days after discontinuing ESL) will be considered a potential case. Blood draw or Saliva.
Fibrosis is a common feature of more than 50 different diseases and the cause of more than 35% of deaths worldwide, of which liver, kidney, skin, heart and, recently, lungs are receiving the most attention. Tissue changes, resulting in loss of organ function, are both a cause and consequence of disease and outcome. Fibrosis is caused by an excess deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, which over time results in impaired organ function and organ failure, and the pathways leading to increased fibroblast activation are many. This narrative review investigated the common denominator of fibrosis, fibroblasts, and the activation of fibroblasts, in response to excess energy consumption in liver, kidney, heart, skin and lung fibrosis. Fibroblasts are the main drivers of organ function loss in lung, liver, skin, heart and kidney disease. Fibroblast activation in response to excess energy consumption results in the overproduction of a range of collagens, of which types I, III and VI seem to be the essential drivers of disease progression. Fibroblast activation may be quantified in serum, enabling profiling and selection of patients. Activation of fibroblasts results in the overproduction of collagens, which deteriorates organ function. Patient profiling of fibroblast activities in serum, quantified as collagen production, may identify an organ death trajectory, better enabling identification of the right treatment for use in different metabolic interventions. As metabolically activated patients have highly elevated risk of kidney, liver and heart failure, it is essential to identify which organ to treat first and monitor organ status to correct treatment regimes. In direct alignment with this, it is essential to identify the right patients with the right organ deterioration trajectory for enrolment in clinical studies.
High protein diet (carbohydrates 45%, protein 29%, and fat 26%) over 8-week periods. All assessments as done on day 1 will be repeated on day 60.
Inhalation exposure to plastic incineration emissions (PIEs) is a problem of increasing human relevance, as plastic production and waste creation have drastically increased since mainstream integration during the 20th century. We investigated the effects of PIEs on human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) to understand if such exposures cause damage and dysfunction to respiratory epithelia. Primary HNECs from male and female donors were cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI), and 16HBE cells were cultured on coverslips. Smoke condensates were generated from incineration of plastic at flaming (640°C) and smoldering (500°C) temperatures, and cells were subsequently exposed to these materials at 5-50 μg/cm2 concentrations. HNECs were assessed for mitochondrial dysfunction and 16HBE cells for glutathione oxidation in real-time analyses. HNEC culture supernatants and total RNA were collected at 4-h postexposure for cytokine and gene expression analysis, and results show that PIEs can acutely induce inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in HNECs, and that incineration temperature modifies biological responses. Specifically, condensates from flaming and smoldering PIEs significantly increased HNEC secretion of cytokines IL-8, IL-1β, and IL-13, as well as expression of xenobiotic metabolism pathways and genes such as CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 at 5 and 20 μg/cm2 concentrations. Only 50 μg/cm2 flaming PIEs significantly increased glutathione oxidation in 16HBEs, and decreased respiration and ATP production in HNEC mitochondria. Impact Statement: Our data reveal the impact of incineration temperatures on biological outcomes associated with PIE exposures, emphasizing the importance of temperature as a factor when evaluating respiratory disease associated with PIEs exposure.
PURPOSE: The corneal epithelium is the most highly innervated structure in the body. Previously, we reported a novel event whereby stromal axons fuse with basal epithelial cells, limiting nerve penetration into the epithelium. Although corneal-epithelial nerves undergo changes in sensitivity and distribution throughout life and in response to an obesogenic diet, it is unknown if neuronal-epithelial cell fusion is altered. Here, we sought to determine if neuronal-epithelial cell fusion frequency correlates with obesogenic diet consumption and age.
METHODS: Corneas were collected from C57BL/6 mice and evaluated for neuronal-epithelial cell fusion frequency using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. To assess the correlation between diet-induced obesity and fusion frequency, 6-week-old mice were fed either a normal diet or an obesogenic diet for 10 weeks. To assess changes in fusion frequency between young and adult mice under normal dietary conditions, 9- and 24-week-old mice were used.
RESULTS: Mice fed a 10-week obesogenic diet showed 87% of central-cornea stromal nerves engaged in fusion compared with only 54% in age-matched controls (16 weeks old). In 9-week-old normal-diet animals, 48% of central-cornea stromal nerves contained fusing axons and increased to 81% at 24 weeks of age. Corneal sensitivity loss correlated with increased body weight and adiposity regardless of age and diet.
CONCLUSIONS: Neuronal-epithelial cell fusion positively correlates with age and obesogenic diet consumption, and corneal nerve sensitivity loss correlates with increased body weight and adiposity, regardless of age and diet. As such, neuronal-epithelial cell fusion may play a role in corneal nerve density and sensitivity regulation.
Patients receive bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 subcutaneously on days 1, 8, and 15; liposomal doxorubicin 30 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) over 1 hour on day 4; oral dexamethasone 20mg on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15 and 16; and cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2 IV over 2 hours on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 12 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Certain embodiments of the present invention provide graphical patient health record timeline systems and methods for providing electronic health record information within and across clinical patient encounters. Certain embodiments provide a graphical patient health record timeline interface system. The system includes a spectrum representation graphically representing different types of patient information. The representation is navigable by a user to access one or more clinical data elements relating to the patient. The system also includes a plurality of indicators dividing the representation based on encounter. Selecting a clinical data element in the representation provides additional information related to the clinical data element to the user.
Gene therapy of SCO is based on the transplantation of genetically modified HSCs. Several LV approaches based on gene addition consist in transducing patient HSCs with a lentiviral vector expressing an anti-sickling β-like globin chain such as use of βAS3 HBB anti-sickling variants. Here, the inventors have improved the design of the LV-AS3 vector to treat SCO patients. These LVs allow the simultaneous expression of the potent anti-sickling βAS3-globin and an artificial miR (amiR) silencing the βS-globin. The reduction of βS-globin levels will increase the incorporation of βAS3-globin in Hb tetramers, which should increase the proportion of corrected RBCs in SCO patients. The inventors selected the best-performing miRs, and modified the therapeutic βAS3-globin transgene by inserting silent mutations to avoid the recognition by the amiR and the silencing of the transgene.
Untreated by anti-IL5 treatment for severe asthma at point of recruitment. To be prescribed anti-IL5 as part of their treatment following consent. Note: Anti-IL5 treatment is prescribed as per agreed multidisciplinary team meeting, outside of the decision to enrol the patient on the study, and is administered by the clinical team as part of the patient's clinical care outside of the research study.
Tumor-associated astrocytes (TAAs) in the glioblastoma microenvironment play an important role in tumor development and malignant progression initiated by glioma stem cells (GSCs). In the current study, normal human astrocytes (NHAs) were cultured and continuously treated with GSC-derived exosomes (GSC-EXOs) induction to explore the mechanism by which GSCs affect astrocyte remodeling. This study revealed that GSC-EXOs can induce the transformation of NHAs into TAAs, with relatively swollen cell bodies and multiple extended processes. In addition, high proliferation, elevated resistance to temozolomide (TMZ), and increased expression of TAA-related markers (TGF-β, CD44, and tenascin-C) were observed in the TAAs. Furthermore, GSC-derived exosomal miR-3065-5p could be delivered to NHAs, and miR-3065-5p levels increased significantly in TAAs, as verified by miRNA expression profile sequencing and Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Overexpression of miR-3065-5p also enhanced NHA proliferation, elevated resistance to TMZ, and increased the expression levels of TAA-related markers. In addition, both GSC-EXO-induced and miR-3065-5p-overexpressing NHAs promoted tumorigenesis of GSCs in vivo. Discs Large Homolog 2 (DLG2, downregulated in glioblastoma) is a direct downstream target of miR-3065-5p in TAAs, and DLG2 overexpression could partially reverse the transformation of NHAs into TAAs. Collectively, these data demonstrate that GSC-EXOs induce the transformation of NHAs into TAAs via the miR-3065-5p/DLG2 signaling axis and that TAAs can further promote the tumorigenesis of GSCs. Thus, precisely blocking the interactions between astrocytes and GSCs via exosomes may be a novel strategy to inhibit glioblastoma development, but more in-depth mechanistic studies are still needed.
Separation of cardenolides from cardanolides and 14,21-epoxycardanolides depends on their differing stabilities to alkalies. Under suitable conditions cardanolides and their epoxy derivs. are saponifiable whereas cardenolides are not. Thus a mixture of digitoxin (250 mg) and dihydrodigitoxin (250 mg) is dissolved in pyridine and carbonate buffer is added. The pH is adjusted to 10.5 with 0.5N KOH and the mixture warmed to 40 degrees. After 15 min. 0.05M carbonate buffer of pH 12.5 is added and the mixture extracted with CHCl3 to give an extract from which 212 mg pure digitoxin is recovered. Extraction of the aq. phase adjusted to pH 3-4 yields 190 mg pure dihydrodigitoxin.
INTRODUCTION: Cognitive screening measures are an established part of a dementia assessment and often include measures of subjective difficulties, e.g., Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ), informant-rated difficulty, Cambridge Behavioural Inventory - Revised (CBI-R), and objective cognitive assessments like Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-III). While these measures have validity for the purpose of diagnosing dementia, in clinical practice they are often used outside of their evidence base for the purpose of cognitive re-assessment. The current study sought to evaluate the psychometric properties for the repeated use of these assessments.
METHODS: This study used a longitudinal design, which included 49 healthy controls, 33 people with subjective memory difficulties, and 10 people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being assessed twice, with approximately a 1-year interval between assessments.
RESULTS: The EMQ has adequate re-test reliability (r = 0.78), but people with an AD diagnosis rated their memory as better than those with SMD, making it unsuitable as a measure. The CBI-R had moderate re-test reliability (r = 0.62). However, deterioration on the CBI-R was not useful for diagnosing AD. The ACE-III has high re-test reliability (r = 0.89). A change of five was associated with reasonable classification accuracy for identifying AD and achieved statistical significance.
CONCLUSION: Using a 1-year interval, of the three measures used in this study, only the ACE-III total score may be a useful measure of change over time, although it should be applied cautiously due to the lack of representativeness of the sample, and change scores should always be triangulated with other forms of evidence of deterioration.
PURPOSE: A stick type cosmetic composition for UV protection is provided to effectively block UV rays using a UV protection material, to minimize oily skin without white residues, and to enhance convenience. CONSTITUTION: A cosmetic composition for UV protection contains wax, oil, and powder in a ratio of 10-25:30-45:5-15. The cosmetic composition further contains an inorganic UV protection agent and an organic UV protection agent. The cosmetic composition contains 5-30wt% of wax, 1-50wt% of oil, 5-20wt% of powder, 1-20wt% of inorganic UV protection agent, and 1-50wt% of organic UV protection agent. The wax is selected from the group consisting of: vegetable wax including candelilla wax, carnauba wax, or rice wax; mineral wax including ozokerite or ceresin wax; and petroleum wax including paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, or polyethylene wax. The oil is selected from the group consisting of: hydrocarbon-based oil including squalene or mineral oil; ester-based oil including isopropyl palmitate, 2-octyldodecyl myristate, or butyloctyl salicylate; vegetable oil including castor oil, olive oil, or jojoba oil; and silicon oil including cyclo methicone or dimethicone. [Reference numerals] (AA) Example 1; (BB) Example 5; (CC) Comparative example
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Precancer biomarkers help in early detection and management of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a biomarker, is known to be altered in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral leukoplakia (OL). Therefore, we evaluated and compared the serum and salivary IL-1β levels in patients with OSMF/oral leukoplakia and in gender- and age-matched healthy individuals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An in vivo, prospective, observational study was conducted on 40 subjects. Subjects were divided into two groups with 20 individuals in each group, that is, Group I: OSMF/oral leukoplakia and Group II: control group. Salivary and serum IL-1β levels were quantitatively estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The statistical tests used were unpaired t-test and Chi-square test.
RESULTS: The serum IL-1β levels were significantly (P 0.001) lesser in Group I in comparison to Group II. The salivary IL-1β levels remained insignificant between both the groups. However, in both the groups, the salivary IL-1β levels were significantly higher compared to the serum IL-1β levels.
CONCLUSION: We found that the serum IL-1β level can be considered as a prospective biomarker for dysplasia, whereas salivary IL-1β alone needs more elaborated studies to account for its application as a potential biomarker in OPMD.