anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cholestatic liver diseases including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are associated with active hepatic fibrogenesis, which ultimately progresses to cirrhosis. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the main fibrogenic effectors in response to cholangiocyte damage. JCAD regulates cell proliferation and malignant transformation in nonalcoholic steatoheaptitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (NASH-HCC). However, its participation in cholestatic fibrosis has not been explored yet.
METHODS: Serial sections of liver tissue of PBC patients were stained with immunofluorescence. Hepatic fibrosis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in wild-type (WT), global JCAD knockout mice (JCAD-KO) and HSC-specific JCAD knockout mice (HSC-JCAD-KO), and evaluated by histopathology and biochemical tests. In situ-activated HSCs isolated from BDL mice were used to determine effects of JCAD on HSC activation.
RESULTS: In consistence with staining of liver sections from PBC patients, immunofluorescent staining revealed that JCAD expression was identified in smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA)-positive fibroblast-like cells and was significantly up-regulated in WT mice with BDL. JCAD deficiency remarkably ameliorated BDL-induced hepatic injury and fibrosis, as documented by liver hydroxyproline content, when compared to WT mice with BDL. Histopathologically, collagen deposition was dramatically reduced in both JCAD-KO and HSC-JCAD-KO mice compared to WT mice, as visualized by Trichrome staining and semi-quantitative scores. Moreover, JCAD deprivation significantly attenuated in situ HSC activation and reduced expression of fibrotic genes after BDL.
CONCLUSION: JCAD deficiency effectively suppressed hepatic fibrosis induced by BDL in mice, and the underlying mechanisms are largely through suppressed Hippo-YAP signaling activity in HSCs.
All patients will receive surgery with implantation of a SCS device. Patients randomized to the active arm, will receive active stimulation. However, for the purposes of this study, the stimulation paradigm and intensity is designed to be below perceptional thresholds so as to assure appropriate blinding. Blinding will continue for 6 months, followed by a 6 month voluntary open-phase, active extension.
Carcinogenesis

Carcinogenicity studies were conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats and in CD-1 mice for 2 years. In the rat carcinogenicity studies, animals were treated with oral doses ranging from 0.05 to 1000 mg/kg twice daily. The highest dose produced systemic exposures to aprepitant approximately equivalent to (female rats) or less than (male rats) the human exposure at the CINVANTI RHD of 130 mg. Treatment with aprepitant at doses of 5 to 1000 mg/kg twice daily caused an increase in the incidences of thyroid follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas in male rats. In female rats, it produced hepatocellular adenomas at 5 to1000 mg/kg twice daily and hepatocellular carcinomas and thyroid follicular cell adenomas at 125 to 1000 mg/kg twice daily. In the mouse carcinogenicity studies, the animals were treated with oral doses ranging from 2.5 to 2000 mg/kg/day. The highest dose produced a systemic exposure approximately 2 times the human exposure at the RHD of CINVANTI 130 mg. Treatment with aprepitant produced skin fibrosarcomas at 125 and 500 mg/kg/day doses in male mice.

Mutagenesis

Aprepitant was not genotoxic in the Ames test, the human lymphoblastoid cell (TK6) mutagenesis test, the rat hepatocyte DNA strand break test, the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell chromosome aberration test and the mouse micronucleus test.

Impairment of Fertility

Oral aprepitant did not affect the fertility or general reproductive performance of male or female rats at doses up to the maximum feasible dose of 1000 mg/kg twice daily (providing exposure in male rats lower than the exposure at the RHD of CINVANTI 130 mg and exposure in female rats approximately equivalent to the human exposure).
AIM: To investigate the impact of nutrition-related, physical, and social factors as well as their transitions on frailty over a 7-year follow-up period among community-dwelling older adults.
METHODS: Participants were 868 non-frail older adults. Frailty was assessed using the Cardiovascular Health Study index. Nutrition-related, physical, and social factors have been defined in our previous study. Cox regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between the three factors at baseline and new-onset frailty during a 7-year follow-up period. Furthermore, transitions in the three factors over two/three consecutive years and their association with frailty were investigated using lagged generalized estimating equations.
RESULTS: The mean age was 73.8 ± 4.8 years (women, 47.0%), and the incidence of frailty was 12.5% during the 7-year follow-up period. Compared with participants who met the three factors' criteria at baseline, those who met two, one, and none showed associations with greater adjusted hazard ratios of new-onset frailty (1.73, 95% confidence interval 0.87-3.42; 2.04 [1.01-4.12]; and 5.69 [2.82-11.47]). Generalized estimating equation analysis showed that, compared with older adults who maintained all the three criteria met, those who improved the quantity of criteria met, who maintained the less than three criteria met, and who decreased the quantity of criteria met showed (marginally) significant associations with greater adjusted odds ratios of frailty (2.86 [0.88-9.31], 3.70 [1.10-12.45], and 4.75 [1.42-15.85]).
CONCLUSIONS: Practicing and maintaining all three factors in daily life are crucial for frailty prevention. Future research should explore strategies to motivate behavioral modifications in these factors at the population level. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 162-169.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a roll-like cataplasm which is used for external use, can hold medicinal effects over a long period without causing troubles such as the deformation of the roll, can facilitate adhesion works, and can easily be used. SOLUTION: This roll-like cataplasm 10 for external use comprises a core 20 and a cataplasm 30 which is rolled on the outer peripheral surface of the core and is used for external use. The roll-like cataplasm 10 is provided with a pair of side covers 50 which are attached to both the ends of the core and are used for covering the roll-like cataplasm from both the sides. The core and the side covers are formed from plastic materials. The side covers can prevent the dissipation of medicinally active ingredients, prevent troubles such as the deformation of the roll, and facilitate smooth works for unrolling or rolling the cataplasm. Since the core and the side covers are formed from the plastic materials, the loss of the medicinally active ingredients due to their adsorption and permeation can largely be reduced.
The present disclosure concerns embodiments of an acoustic plethysmograph for measuring pulmonary function of an animal, such as a mouse. The plethysmograph in exemplary embodiments can measure thoracic tidal volume of an unrestrained animal. The plethysmograph in exemplary embodiments acoustically excites the chamber containing the animal and detects changes in the acoustic pressure in the chamber, which correlate to the thoracic tidal volume of the animal. Unlike the conventional whole-body plethysmograph, this acoustic plethysmograph provides a direct measure of thoracic tidal volume. The plethysmograph also can be configured to measure chamber flow (the flow of air into and out of the chamber). Specific airway resistance of the animal can then be determined from the thoracic tidal volume and plethysmograph flow measurements.
A bolus of 2 mcg/kg IV Fentanyl will be given at the induction of the anesthesia. A bolus of 0,5 - 1 mcg/kg IV Fentanyl will be given at the time of incision and during surgery following the heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure variations.
The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicinal gargarisma for eliminating bone sticking. Bone sticking refers to sticking of fishbone or other bone in the throat or esophagus, causing throat pain and dysphagia symptoms. Through retrieval, no drug for eliminating bone sticking has been reported. The gargarisma provided by the invention is prepared from garden balsam seed and radix clematidis. The method is as below: (1) soaking the raw materials into 3-5 times of water for 30-60 min, heating to 100 DEG C, extracting for 60-120 min, repeating the extraction time, merging the two extracting solutions, filtering to obtain a filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate to 60 DEG C and hot test relative density of 1.10-1.12, so as to obtain a concentrated liquid for standby; and (2) adding water into the concentrated liquid, heating to a boiling state, preparing the liquid to ensure 1-1.5 g of crude drug in per milliliter of soup, and packaging to obtain the gargarisma. The gargarisma is administrated every 2 h; if the bone sticking is eliminated within 12 h, it is seen as valid; otherwise, it is seen as invalid. In 91 cases of inspection, bone sticking is all eliminated in 12 h to reach an efficiency of 100% and cause no adverse reaction.
Tissue samples and biological specimens (which may include blood, stool, saliva) from patients with a suspected/confirmed oesophagogastric cancer (OGC) at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust over the study period will be collected and stored on behalf of The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. Molecular analyses including, but not limited to, miRNA analysis, DNA and RNA sequencing, nanostring, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry will be carried out. Stool and saliva samples may be analysed to assess the microbiota present. Molecular analyses data and microbiota data will be collated in a link-anonymised manner and correlated to clinical outcome data.

This prospective study is intended to set up a database of patients treated both for oesophageal cancer and gastric cancer with availability of annotated clinical data and tumour tissue plus biological specimens. This series will serve as a valuable platform to analyse the expression of several biomarkers of potential interest. There will also be the opportunity to assess the prognostic and predictive role of identified biomarkers in specific patient subgroups and in relation to specific treatments. Within this study, we may also hope to develop organoid and patient derived xenograft models to represent locally advanced and metastatic disease which will support future drug development. We aim to also investigate the microbiome of patients diagnosed with OGC. In addition, this database can serve as a validation cohort for the external validation of findings from other projects in OGC which are of clinical relevance. The molecular analysis plans for the study will develop as the study progresses and as new data emerges which will generate new hypotheses to investigate.
The control group was treated with non-acupoint shallow acupuncture method. The needle was inserted 5 cm beside the acupoint and the needling depth was less than 2 mm. At the same time, the manual stimulation and "Deqi" was avoided.
The invention consists of an expert system supporting non-experts in their capacity to develop, implement, monitor and evolve therapy plans. Therapy plans in this application are educational and non-medical. The purpose of the therapy plan is to guide the caregiver or therapist in what to do for a client and how to do it. The client is a person with a previously diagnosed condition (psychological, cognitive, or physical) which responds to a teaching process.  The plans are developed based on expert system analysis of user input. This analysis is reflective of decision making processes in the fields of both special needs education and rehabilitative medicine, including speech language pathology, psychology, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy.
HER2 is an important biomarker and directly inﬂuences the treatment effect. The guidelines indicate that only HER2-positive patients are eligible for trastuzumab therapy.HER2 positivity is defined as a HER2 score of 3+ by IHC or FISH. However, gastroscopic biopsies are spatiotemporally limited because of the highly heterogeneous expression of HER2. And this procedure is invasive and may substantially increase the incidence of side effects. Additionally, patients with false-negative HER2 results miss the chance for targeted therapy. Moreover, HER2 status can change during the disease process.Thus, a noninvasive, whole-body, HER2-targeted imaging method may be valuable for choosing patients suitable for anti-HER2 therapy and monitoring the therapeutic efficacy. Direct labeling of HER2 antibodies with radionuclides allows clinicians to monitor HER2-targeted therapy and assists in patient staging. With the feasibility of a long half-life and decay time, positron emission tomography (PET) nuclides, such as 64Cu (T1/2= 12.7 h) and 89Zr (T1/2= 78.4 h), can label trastuzumab for the clinical PET imaging of HER2 in GC and breast cancer. Because of the long half-life of 89Zr, 89Zr-trastuzumab is estimated to produce a dosimetry exposure of 0.5 mSv/MBq (compared with the 0.019 mSv/MBq of 18FDG) in patients. Additionally, imaging needs to be performed several days after injection due to the slow blood clearance of antibodies.

In this study, 68Ga-HER2 Affibody or 18F-HER2 Affibody PET/CT imaging will be performed in patients with HER2-positive tumors to access the potential of 68Ga-HER2 Affibody or 18F-HER2 Affibody PET/CT to screen patients who can benefit from HER2 target treatment.
Fingolimod is approved in Italy as a second-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Discontinuation of fingolimod may elevate the risk of relapses, typically manifesting after a relatively prolonged drug-free interval and often necessitating high doses of intravenous steroids for management. Similar to other viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can act as a trigger for MS relapses. In this context, we present a case of rebound following fingolimod discontinuation during a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Notably, the rebound occurred shortly after stopping the medication and responded effectively to low doses of oral steroids. Our case is discussed in light of existing literature, with speculation on potential mechanisms governing this unconventional disease course rebound. We also consider the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 infection might have contributed to or even triggered the MS relapse.
Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumor that occurs in infants and children. KHE is characterized by sheets of spindle cells with an infiltrative pattern in the dermis, subcutaneous fat, and muscle. It is locally aggressive and can cause Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon, a serious life-threatening coagulopathy characterized by profound thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia. Sirolimus, one of the mTOR inhibitors, has become a new and very effective treatment, which is especially reliable for KHE with KMP and has acceptable side effects. However, there is yet no strong evidence on the best practice of treatment length of sirolimus. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare guided discontinuation with maintenance treatment in pediatric patients with KHE in order to provide a basis for the optimal treatment duration of sirolimus, as well as the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients who can safely reduce the dose till withdrawal.
Monitor plasma and/or urine succinylacetone concentrations, liver function parameters and alpha-fetoprotein levels.

Monitor all biochemical parameters more closely (i.e. plasma and/or urine succinylacetone, urine 5-aminolevulinate (ALA), and erythrocyte porphobilinogen (PBG)-synthase activity during initiation of therapy, when switching from twice daily to once daily dosing, or if there is a deterioration in the patient’s condition.

If succinylacetone is still detectable in blood or urine 4 weeks after the start of nitisinone treatment, increase the NITYR dosage to 0.75 mg/kg twice daily. If the biochemical response is satisfactory (undetectable blood and/or urine succinylacetone), the dosage should be adjusted only according to body weight gain and not according to plasma tyrosine levels.

Maintain plasma tyrosine levels below 500 micromol/L by dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine intake [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. In patients who develop plasma tyrosine levels above 500 micromol/L, assess dietary tyrosine and phenylalanine intake. Do not adjust the NITYR dosage in order to lower the plasma tyrosine concentration.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pain after craniotomy is often severe and undertreated. Providing adequate analgesia while avoiding medication adverse effects and physiological complications of pain remains a perioperative challenge.
RECENT FINDINGS: Multimodal pain management includes regional anesthesia and analgesic adjuncts. Strategies aim to reduce or eliminate opioids and the associated side effects. Many individual pharmacologic interventions have been studied with beneficial effects on acute pain following craniotomy. Evidence has been accumulating in support of scalp blockade, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), dexmedetomidine, paracetamol, and gabapentinoids. The strongest evidence supports scalp block in reducing postcraniotomy pain and opioid requirements.
SUMMARY: Improving analgesia following craniotomy continues to be a challenge that should be managed with multimodal medications and regional techniques. Additional studies are needed to identify the most effective regimen, balancing efficacy and adverse drug effects.
Maltodextrin is a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food additive. Functional maltodextrin biscuits were prepared by stacking the biscuits on the table, followed by dispensing of 2g maltodextrin. The biscuits were covered with another piece of biscuit and 1 g of honey was used as binder. The biscuits were packed in bags under vacuum and kept at 40C for the daily supply to the participants.
BACKGROUND: Lung ultrasound (LUS) reduces time to diagnosis and treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in emergency department (ED) patients with undifferentiated dyspnea. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact of LUS for ADHF in the prehospital setting.
METHODS: We performed a keyword search of multiple databases from inception through June 1, 2023. Included studies were those enrolling prehospital patients with undifferentiated dyspnea or suspected ADHF, and specifically diagnostic studies comparing prehospital LUS to a gold standard and intervention studies with a non-US comparator group. Title and abstract screening, full text review, risk of bias (ROB) assessments, and data extraction were performed by multiple authors. and adjudicated. The primary outcome was pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic likelihood ratios (LR) for prehospital LUS. A test-treatment threshold of 0.7 was applied based on prior ADHF literature in the ED. Intervention outcomes included mortality, mechanical ventilation, and time to HF specific treatment.
RESULTS: Eight diagnostic studies (n = 691) and two intervention studies (n = 70) met inclusion criteria. No diagnostic studies were low-ROB. Both intervention studies were critical-ROB, and not pooled. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of prehospital LUS for ADHF were 86.7% (95%CI:70.8%-94.6%) and 87.5% (78.2%-93.2%), respectively, with similar performance by physician vs. paramedic LUS and number of lung zones evaluated. Pooled LR+ and LR- were 7.27 (95% CI: 3.69-13.10) and 0.17 (95% CI: 0.06-0.34), respectively. Area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.922. At the observed 42.4% ADHF prevalence (pre-test probability), positive pre-hospital LUS exceeded the 70% threshold to initiate treatment (post-test probability 84%, 80-88%).
CONCLUSIONS: LUS had similar diagnostic test characteristics for ADHF diagnosis in the prehospital setting as in the ED. A positive prehospital LUS may be sufficient to initiate early ADHF treatment based on published test-treatment thresholds. More studies are needed to determine the clinical impact of prehospital LUS.
Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs across a number of cancers and is associated with different clinical characteristics when compared to microsatellite stable (MSS) cancers. As MSI cancers have different characteristics, routine MSI testing is now recommended for a number of cancer types including colorectal cancer (CRC). Using gene panels for sequencing of known cancer mutations is routinely performed to guide treatment decisions. By adding a number of MSI regions to a small gene panel, the efficacy of simultaneous MSI detection in a series of CRCs was tested. Tumour DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumours was sequenced using a 23-gene panel kit (ATOM-Seq) provided by GeneFirst. The mismatch repair (MMR) status was obtained for each patient from their routine pathology reports, and compared to MSI predictions from the sequencing data. By testing 29 microsatellite regions in 335 samples the MSI status was correctly classified in 314/319 samples (98.4% concordance), with sixteen failures. By reducing the number of regions in silico, comparable performance could be reached with as few as eight MSI marker positions. This test represents a quick, and accurate means of determining MSI status in FFPE CRC samples, as part of a routine gene mutation assay, and can easily be incorporated into a research or diagnostic setting. This could replace separate mutation and MSI tests with no loss of accuracy, thus improving testing efficiency.
Researchers have conducted extensive research on the correlation between brain resting-state functional activities (RSFA) and migraine. However, we still do not fully understand the exact nature of the causal relationship between these RSFA and migraine. We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal association between migraine and RSFA. We gathered summary statistics from genome-wide association studies for 191 resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging phenotypes. We employed various analytical methods for bidirectional two-sample MR analyses. This included inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR Egger, and the constrained maximum likelihood approaches. We also conducted pleiotropy and heterogeneity analyses to evaluate the robustness and reliability. We found the functional connectivity between the default mode and the central executive network (OR = 1.39, p = 4.77 × 10-4, FDR corrected p value = 0.040) and the intensity of spontaneous brain activity in the calcarine or lingual gyrus within the visual network (OR = 0.74, p = 5.94 × 10-4, FDR corrected p value = 0.040) having a causal effect on the risk of migraine. Our MR analysis provided genetic support for these networks, which may play an important role in influencing migraine susceptibility.