anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Niraparib is an inhibitor of PARP enzymes, including PARP-1 and PARP-2, that play a role in DNA repair. In vitrostudies have shown that niraparib-induced cytotoxicity may involve inhibition of PARP enzymatic activity and increased formation of PARP-DNA complexes resulting in DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell death. Increased niraparib‑induced cytotoxicity was observed in tumor cell lines with or without deficiencies in BRCA1/2. Niraparib decreased tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of human cancer cell lines with deficiencies in BRCA1/2and in human patient‑derived xenograft tumor models with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) that had either mutated or wild-type BRCA1/2. 

Abiraterone acetate is converted in vivoto abiraterone, an androgen biosynthesis inhibitor, that inhibits 17 α-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase (CYP17). This enzyme is expressed in testicular, adrenal, and prostatic tumor tissues and is required for androgen biosynthesis. 

CYP17 catalyzes two sequential reactions: 1) the conversion of pregnenolone and progesterone to their 17α-hydroxy derivatives by 17α-hydroxylase activity and 2) the subsequent formation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione, respectively, by C17, 20 lyase activity. DHEA and androstenedione are androgens and are precursors of testosterone. Inhibition of CYP17 by abiraterone can also result in increased mineralocorticoid production by the adrenals [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] . 

Androgen sensitive prostatic carcinoma responds to treatment that decreases androgen levels. Androgen deprivation therapies, such as treatment with GnRH agonists or orchiectomy, decrease androgen production in the testes but do not affect androgen production by the adrenals or in the tumor.

Abiraterone decreased serum testosterone and other androgens in patients in the placebo-controlled clinical trial. It is not necessary to monitor the effect of abiraterone on serum testosterone levels.

Changes in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels may be observed but have not been shown to correlate with clinical benefit in individual patients.

In mouse xenograft models of prostate cancer, the combination of niraparib and abiraterone acetate increased anti-tumor activity when compared to either drug alone.
OBJECTIVES: In this article, we examine the psychometric performance of 3 scales measuring experienced, perceived, and internalized d/Deaf or hard of hearing (d/DHH) stigma among adult (18 and older) populations of individuals who are d/DHH, including those who have been d/DHH since before they developed language (lifelong) and those who became d/DHH after they developed language (acquired) in the United States and Ghana.
DESIGN: The preliminary validation study took place in the Greater Accra and Eastern regions of Ghana and across the United States. In the United States, all data were collected online via self-administered surveys in English. In Ghana, trained interviewers who are d/DHH and fluent in Ghanaian Sign Language conducted interviews with participants who are lifelong d/DHH using a video survey. Ghanaian participants with acquired d/DHH status were surveyed by trained hearing interviewers. We calculated polychoric correlation matrices between the measures to remove redundant and unrelated items and used exploratory factor analysis to create the final scales. We also tested the association between the factor scores and a simple summing method for calculating the scale.
RESULTS: The study sample included people who have been d/DHH since before they developed language (Ghana: n = 171, United States n = 100) and people who became d/DHH after they developed language (Ghana: n = 174, United States: n = 219). The final experienced, perceived, and internalized scales included six, seven, and five items, respectively. All three scales performed well as unidimensional measures across all four samples. Across the four samples, the experienced, perceived, and internalized stigma scales yielded ordinal αs ranging from 0.725 to 0.947, 0.856 to 0.935, and 0.856 to 0.935, respectively. It would be acceptable to operationalize all stigma scales as sum-of-item scores.
CONCLUSIONS: The scales performed well and appear to provide a valid means of measuring different types of stigma among diverse groups of people who are d/DHH. Future work should refine and validate these scales in additional contexts.
The invention discloses a bicyclo-ethanol medicine combination which contains surfactant, and the preparation thereof. Bicyclo-ethanol is dissolved in medicine loading substrate which is composed of one or more types of the following ingredients, surfactant, cosurfactant and oil, so as to form the medicine combination which is oily solution or semisolid. The medicine combination in different formulations can be added with water to form emulsion, microemulsion or transparent rapidly. When the medicine combination is taken orally, the absorption of difficult soluble bicyclo-ethanol is enhanced through self-emulsification, self micro-emulsification or solubilization, so as to reduce the individual difference and improve the bioavailability and clinical treatment effect of bicyclo-ethanol. The medicine combination has simple preparation process and is applicable to preparing various preparations. The invention also includes capsules, soft capsules, controlled-release capsule, osmotic pump capsules or other proper types of preparation which are prepared through the medicine combination.
Bovine mastitis is a complex infectious disease that develops in the mammary gland, predominantly caused by a bacterial infection of mammary tissue. Genetic variability of mastitis is well established and depends upon different quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to mastitis resistance or susceptibility. The susceptibility is often attributed to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the variable cow breed genomes. Several global investigative attempts have resulted in studies mapping mastitis to the variations in the relevant genes. Reports have been attributed to dramatic genetic expression changes in Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) genes in mastitis-positive cows. However, the mechanism behind this variable genetic expression of TLR4 genes has been studied poorly. The present study aims to investigate SCM through various screening tests like somatic cell count (SCC), electric conductivity (EC), pH, and California mastitis test (CMT) in milk samples. This study also aims to investigate possible mechanisms behind this variable expression of TLR4 by comparative SNP evaluation and transcriptional factor profile mining. So that the important genetic mutations and effects thereof can be exploited in selecting specific breeds with higher mastitis resistance and milk yield. Seventy Holstein Frisian (HF) crossbred dairy cows were selected in the present study. The animals were screened based on various diagnostic tests (SCC, pH, EC, and CMT). Blood samples (5 mL) were collected for extraction of DNA followed by amplification of PPR1 and PPR2 of the promoter region and 5'UTR of the bovine TLR4 gene using specific primers. Sanger's enzymatic DNA sequencing technique sequenced the amplified PCR products. Further, the identification of SNPs was done through various bioinformatic tools used in this study. The findings of the present study revealed that CMT, EC, pH, and SCC could be used for the early detection of subclinical mastitis. In the present study, a significant increase in the EC, pH, and SCC in milk samples of animals affected with SCM was found in comparison to the healthy animals. The present study also revealed 16 SNPs falling in TLR4 promoter and 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) sequences in mastitis-positive genotypes compared to reference genomes. The study also investigates the potential transcriptional factor program deployed in response to variable mastitis development resistance. In the present study, the allelic and genotype frequencies of all SNP variants in the three regions viz., PPR1, PPR2, and 5'UTR, were the same indicating the absence of heterozygous condition at the respective loci. The present study has wide applicability for researchers developing mastitis-resistant breeding programs and the data generated may aid in the selection of better genetic breeds. The transcription factor binding profiles can serve as concrete leads about the studies on bovine mastitis at the molecular level and may also aid global research groups working on transcription factor (TF)-based molecular pathology of mastitis.
Introduction: Prediction error (PE) is key to perception in the predictive coding framework. However, previous studies indicated the varied neural activities evoked by PE in tinnitus patients. Here, we aimed to reconcile the conflict by (1) a more nuanced view of PE, which could be driven by changing stimulus (stimulus-driven PE [sPE]) and violation of current context (context-driven PE [cPE]) and (2) investigating the aberrant connectivity networks that are engaged in the processing of the two types of PEs in tinnitus patients. Methods: Ten tinnitus patients with normal hearing and healthy controls were recruited, and a local-global auditory oddball paradigm was applied to measure the electroencephalographic difference between the two groups during sPE and cPE conditions. Results: Overall, the sPE condition engaged bottom-up and top-down connections, whereas the cPE condition engaged mostly top-down connections. The tinnitus group showed decreased sensitivity to the sPE and increased sensitivity to the cPE condition. Particularly, the auditory cortex and posterior cingulate cortex were the hubs for processing cPE in the control and tinnitus groups, respectively, showing the orientation to an internal state in tinnitus. Furthermore, tinnitus patients showed stronger connectivity to the parahippocampus and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex for the establishment of the prediction during the cPE condition. Conclusion: These results begin to dissect the role of changes in stimulus characteristics versus changes in the context of processing the same stimulus in mechanisms of tinnitus generation. Impact Statement This study delves into the number dynamics of prediction error (PE) in tinnitus, proposing a dual framework distinguishing between stimulus-driven PE (sPE) and context-driven PE (cPE). Electroencephalographic data from tinnitus patients and controls revealed distinct connectivity patterns during sPE and cPE conditions. Tinnitus patients exhibited reduced sensitivity to sPE and increased sensitivity to cPE. The auditory cortex and posterior cingulate cortex emerged as pivotal regions for cPE processing in controls and tinnitus patients, indicative of an internal state orientation in tinnitus. Enhanced connectivity to the parahippocampus and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex underscores the role of context in tinnitus pathophysiology.
Participants receive 8 grams of carbohydrate when their CGM reading reaches a proactive threshold of 5.0 mmol/L. This arm tests whether a lower amount of CHO, administered at a higher glucose level, can effectively prevent hypoglycemia with minimal caloric intake.
American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons in the US experience a disparity in chronic respiratory diseases compared to white persons. Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data, we previously showed that the AI/AN race/ethnicity variable was not associated with asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a BRFSS-defined subset of 11 states historically recognized as having a relatively high proportion of AI/AN residents. Here, we investigate the contributions of the AI/AN variable and other sociodemographic determinants to disease disparity in the remaining 39 US states and territories. Using BRFSS surveys from 2011 to 2019, we demonstrate that irrespective of race, the yearly adjusted prevalence for asthma and/or COPD was higher in the 39-state region than in the 11-state region. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the AI/AN race/ethnicity variable was positively associated with disease in the 39-state region after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, unlike in the 11-state region. This shows that the distribution of disease prevalence and disparity for asthma and/or COPD is non-uniform in the US. Although AI/AN populations experience this disease disparity throughout the US, the AI/AN variable was only observed to contribute to this disparity in the 39-state region. It may be important to consider the geographical distribution of respiratory health determinants and factors uniquely impactful for AI/AN disease disparity when formulating disparity elimination policies.
It is well known that both socioeconomic and biological factors may contribute to race- and ethnicity-based health disparities. Black and Hispanic Americans have worse access to healthcare services and tend to receive care from physicians who cannot themselves access the same services for their patients that physicians who care for white patients can. These factors may play important roles in the development and maintenance of health disparities. In addition, biological differences may contribute to disparities. We propose to identify factors that explain survival disparities in a group of lung diseases called diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs), including a severe form of DPLD called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We will follow patients with DPLD at our center and measure both social and biological factors to try to identify the factors that lead to survival disparities between races. Results of this study will be used to design clinical trials aimed at reducing these disparities.
PURPOSE: Incident delirium is a frequent complication among hospitalized older people with COVID-19, associated with increased length of hospital stay, higher morbidity and mortality rates. Although delirium is preventable with early detection, systematic assessment methods and predictive models are not universally defined, thus delirium is often underrated. In this study, we tested the role of the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), a prognostic tool based on Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, to predict the risk of incident delirium.
METHODS: Hospitalized older patients (≥ 65 years) with COVID-19 infection were enrolled (n = 502) from ten centers across Europe. At hospital admission, the MPI was administered to all the patients and two already validated delirium prediction models were computed (AWOL delirium risk-stratification score and Martinez model). Delirium occurrence during hospitalization was ascertained using the 4A's Test (4AT). Accuracy of the MPI and the other delirium predictive models was assessed through logistic regression models and the area under the curve (AUC).
RESULTS: We analyzed 293 patients without delirium at hospital admission. Of them 33 (11.3%) developed delirium during hospitalization. Higher MPI score at admission (higher multidimensional frailty) was associated with higher risk of incident delirium also adjusting for the other delirium predictive models and COVID-19 severity (OR = 12.72, 95% CI = 2.11-76.86 for MPI-2 vs MPI-1, and OR = 33.44, 95% CI = 4.55-146.61 for MPI-3 vs MPI-1). The MPI showed good accuracy in predicting incident delirium (AUC = 0.71) also superior to AWOL tool, (AUC = 0.63) and Martinez model (AUC = 0.61) (p < 0.0001 for both comparisons).
CONCLUSIONS: The MPI is a sensitive tool for early identification of older patients with incident delirium.
A total of 10 patients in this group will walk under the same conditions (off- state of antiparkinson drugs). Participants will be instructed to walk three laps on a 10-meter track under each of the following three conditions : 1) without stimulation, 2) with visual cues using a laser shoe, 3) with auditory cues using a metronome.
PURPOSE:To smooth wrinkles of the face, etc., by applying an easily setting pasty toiletry, blended with finely divided magnetic substance, to the skin of the face, etc.  in areas adjoining formerly made up spots so that repulsion of the same polar takes place. CONSTITUTION:An easily setting pasty toiletry is blended uniformly with finely divided permanent magnet or a magnetic substance capable of having magnetic character by producing a magnetic field (e.g., ferrite) and is added to a given container. The toiletry is applied to the first spot of the skin 1 with a toilet brush and is set with a fixed magnetic character to put on the first make up. The second make up is done on the second area adjoing the first spot and leaving the space in such a way that the same magnetic character as that of the first make up occurs. The third and forth makeup is applied similarly in sequence so that the wrinkles 2 of the skin 1 is smoothed by the repulsion of the magnetic pole of makeups.
Parents are asked to encourage their child to wear the spectacles as much as possible for the initial 30 days after dispensing, and thereafter to continue to offer the spectacles to the child but not force the child to wear them if they resist or refuse. Limited support for parents is provided with regard to maximizing spectacle wear.
OBJECTIVES: I. Identify dosage level(s) of decitabine (DAC) that show biologic activity and acceptable side effects. II. Describe the side effects and toxicity of DAC at the doses studied. III. Determine the steady state DAC serum levels at the doses studied. IV. Document any clinical responses to DAC.

OUTLINE: A dose escalation schedule for the administration of decitabine (DAC) is being used to determine the MTD and biologically active dose. Patients are given two 12 hour continuous infusions per day, for 3 days at each dose level. A minimum of 3 patients are enrolled at each dose level until dose limiting toxicity (DLT) or biologic activity is observed. If DLT or biologic activity is observed at a particular dose level, an additional 3 patients are enrolled, for a total of 6. If 2 or more patients experience DLT, dose escalation is ceased.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: Approximately 24 patients will be accrued for this study.
The present invention may be an invention that can search for/analyze a disease of interest and/or disease history of a user on the basis of questionnaire information and health records, and recommends customized health functional foods according to the search/analysis results. In addition, the present invention may be an invention that provides support to make it easy to receive posts, SNS posts, etc. registered by other members and share the received posts, SNS posts, etc. with acquaintances. In addition, the present invention may be an invention that can search for various information such as definitions/causes/related functionality/related foods/TIP/TALK, etc. about the disease of interest and supports a service in which location information about searched medical departments is displayed on an electronic map in order of proximity to a user through a location-based service and a search of related medical departments using keywords about age, cardinal symptoms, and accessory symptoms. In addition, the present invention may be an invention that searches and receives recommendations for disease names related to disease factors (nervous system, digestive/metabolic system, reproductive system, muscular system, sensory system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, immune system, etc.), medicinal ingredients, medicines, types of health functional foods, sales information, etc., and supports purchase information (image, product name, consumer price, discount rate, selling price, quantity) about the searched/recommended health functional foods, and functions related to writing product reviews.
In group P, PECS will be performed with patients in the supine position at the end of the surgery before extubation by using US (Vivid Q, GE Healthcare, US). Under aseptic conditions the high frequency linear probe (11-12 MHz) will be covered with a sterile sheath and a 22G, 50 mm block needle will be used. US probe will be placed on the 4th rib. The muscles PMm, Pmm and Sam will be visualized. At the anterior axillary level or mid-axillary level, via the in-plane technique, Pecs II will be applied by injecting 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine in a cephalad to caudad direction to the fascia on Sam.
In this study, we intend to explore the feasibility and the effects of adding bevacizumab to Fl-TX in patients with intermediate stage head and neck cancer and selected patients with stage IV disease. As mentioned previously, although single modality therapy (surgery or radiotherapy alone) is often used to treat patients with Stage II head and neck malignancies, with substantial success, still there is a sizeable group of patients (approximately 30% or 40%) who fail these treatments, and represent with locoregional recurrences which are much more difficult to treat. Furthermore, the common use of radical surgery in many instances leads to loss of organ function.

Based on this knowledge, we feel that it is justifiable to include stage II patients (T2NO) in combined chemoradiation studies. Our extensive experience using chemoradiotherapy in patients with regionally advanced non-metastatic Stage 4 cancers of the head and neck area suggests that selected patients with low nodal status (Nondisease) including those with T4 primaries (i.e. T4 NO MO and T4 Nl MO) have a lower risk of distant failure than patients that present with higher nodal status (N2 and N3 disease). Aggressive combined locoregional therapies such as the one that will be administered in the study, are in our opinion appropriate for this group of patients as they address the major concern which is locoregional failure.

The primary goal of the study is exploration of the pharmacodynamic effects of bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) on appropriate markers of angiogenesis in tumor tissue in comparison to a non-bevacizumab containing chemoradiation regimen (FHX alone). These results will be correlated with a number of clinical endpoints including rapidity of clinical response, locoregional control rates, time to progression, need of salvage surgery, overall survival and measures of QOL and organ function. The predictive and prognostic value of specific molecular markers in patients with HNC will also be evaluated. In order to shorten the total duration of treatment without affecting the total administered dose, we have modified our traditional radiation schedule in FHX to include two treatment daily fractions as opposed to one. This modification will allow for the completion of all treatment in 4 to 5 cycles as opposed to the traditional 6 to 7 cycles. Given this modification in the radiation schedule, we considered it prudent to include a control arm (modified FHX) in addition to B-FHX, within a randomized design. The control arm will also help with the interpretation of the results obtained with the measurement of the correlative markers of angiogenesis.