anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
1. Amorphous torasemide modification characterized by the following data: DSC: exothermic maximum at a temperature of about 147 degree C (onset at about 144 degree C); X-ray powder pattern (2theta): no diffraction maxima due to the amorphous nature; IR characteristic absorption bands at 2900 to 3366 cm<-1> and at 1400 to 1703 cm<-1>. 2. Amorphous torasemide modification according to claim 1, characterized in that it is chemically pure. 3. Process for the preparation of the amorphous torasemide modification according to claim 1, characterized in that torasemide modifications are dissolved in water with or without the addition of a base at a temperature from 5 C to 100 degree C within 5 minutes to 24 hours and then the solutions are cooled to a temperature from-20 C to-70 degree C and water is removed. 4. Process for the preparation of the amorphous torasemide modification according to claim 3, characterized in that as the torasemide modifications crystal torasemide modifications I, II or III or an amorphous torasemide modification or any mixture of the crystal torasemide modifications I, II and II and of an amorphous torasemide modification are used. 5. Process for the preparation of the amorphous torasemide modification according to claim 3, characterized in that lyophilization is used as the method for the removal of the water and the base. 6. The amorphous torasemide modification according to claim 1, characterized in that it is used as a raw material for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable torasemide salts. 7. The amorphous torasemide modification according to claim 1, characterized in that, as a form of torasemide, it is used as a diuretic, as an agent for preventing heart or heart tissue damages caused by metabolic or ionicabnormalities associated with ischemia, in the treatment of thrombosis, angina pectoris, asthma, hypertension, nephroedema, pulmonary edema, primary and secondary aldosteronism, Bartter's syndrome, tumour, glaucoma, for decreasing intraocular pressure, acute or chronic bronchitis, in the treatment of cerebral edema caused by trauma, ischemia, concussion of the brain, metastases or epileptic attacks and in the treatment of nasal infections caused by allergens. 8. A pharmaceutical form, characterized in that, as the active ingredient, it contains an effective amount of the amorphous torasemide modification according to claim 1 without or, for that purpose, combined with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as sugar, starch, starch derivatives, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, mould release agents, and antiadhesive agents and possibly agents for flowability regulation. 9. A pharmaceutical form according to claim 8, characterized in that it is a tablet, a capsule or an injection.
For epidural anesthesia, only the following available specific products of Lidocaine Hydrochloride Injection by Hospira are recommended: 

Although these solutions are intended specifically for epidural anesthesia, they may also be used for infiltration and peripheral nerve block, provided they are employed as single dose units. These solutions contain no bacteriostatic agent.

In epidural anesthesia, the dosage varies with the number of dermatomes to be anesthetized (generally 2 to 3 mL of the indicated concentration per dermatome).

### Caudal and Lumbar Epidural Block

As a precaution against the adverse experience sometimes observed following unintentional penetration of the subarachnoid space, a test dose such as 2 to 3 mL of 1.5% lidocaine HCl should be administered at least 5 minutes prior to injecting the total volume required for a lumbar or caudal epidural block. The test dose should be repeated if the patient is moved in a manner that may have displaced the catheter. Epinephrine, if contained in the test dose (10 to 15 mcg have been suggested), may serve as a warning of unintentional intravascular injection. If injected into a blood vessel, this amount of epinephrine is likely to produce a transient "epinephrine response" within 45 seconds, consisting of an increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure, circumoral pallor, palpitations and nervousness in the unsedated patient. The sedated patient may exhibit only a pulse rate increase of 20 or more beats per minute for 15 or more seconds. Patients on beta-blockers may not manifest changes in heart rate, but blood pressure monitoring can detect an evanescent rise in systolic blood pressure. Adequate time should be allowed for onset of anesthesia after administration of each test dose. The rapid injection of a large volume of Lidocaine Hydrochloride Injection through the catheter should be avoided, and, when feasible, fractional doses should be administered.

In the event of the known injection of a large volume of local anesthetic solution into the subarachnoid space, after suitable resuscitation and if the catheter is in place, consider attempting the recovery of drug by draining a moderate amount of cerebrospinal fluid (such as 10 mL) through the epidural catheter.
The active ingredient in Ranitidine Oral Solution is ranitidine hydrochloride (HCl), USP, a histamine H -receptor antagonist. Chemically it is N[2-[[[5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-2-furanyl]methyl]thio]ethyl]-N′-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine, HCl. It has the following structure: 2

The empirical formula is C H N O S•HCl, representing a molecular weight of 350.87. 132243

Ranitidine HCl is a white to pale yellow, granular substance that is soluble in water. It has a slightly bitter taste and sulfurlike odor.

Each 1 mL of Ranitidine Oral Solution contains 16.8 mg of ranitidine HCl equivalent to 15 mg of ranitidine. Ranitidine Oral Solution also contains the inactive ingredients butylparaben, dibasic sodium phosphate, hypromellose, monobasic sodium phosphate, natural peppermint extract, propylene glycol, propylparaben, purified water, saccharin sodium, sodium chloride, and sorbitol solution.
Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by a build up of bilirubin in the blood, is a common problem in newborn infants. Measurement of total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels is used for clinical decision making. BiliCam is a non-invasive technology used to estimate TSB levels in newborns. With BiliCam, the user obtains digital images of a small portion of a newborn's skin using the BiliCam app installed on a commercial smartphone in a standardized manner. A color calibration card is placed on the baby's sternum to account for varying light conditions. Data on color levels in the photos are used to estimate a bilirubin level.

For the study, paired BiliCam estimated bilirubin (BCB) and TSB levels will be compared on a racially and ethnically diverse sample of newborns. Recruitment will continue until 225 newborns have completed the study.
PURPOSE: Arytenoid adduction as an addition to medialisation thyroplasty is highly advocated by some surgeons in selected cases but deemed less necessary by others in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. This study aims to evaluate the additional benefits on voice outcome of arytenoid adduction in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis undergoing medialisation thyroplasty using intra-operative voice measurements.
DESIGN/METHODS: A prospective study was conducted. Voice audio recordings were obtained at 4 moments; 1. direct prior to the start of surgery, 2. during surgery after medialisation thyroplasty, 3. during surgery after medialisation and arytenoid adduction, 3 months postoperative. At these same timepoints patients rated their own voice on a numeric rating scale between 0 and 10. The blinded recordings were rated by consensus in a team of experienced listeners, using the Grade of the GRBAS scale. Furthermore, the Voice Handicap Index was administered before and at 3 months after surgery.
RESULTS: Ten patients who underwent medialisation and arytenoid adduction at our tertiary referral hospital between 2021 and 2022, were included. One patient was excluded after surgery. The intraoperative measurements showed a Grade score of 1.4 preoperatively, improving to 1.2 after medialisation, 1.2 after medialisation and arytenoid adduction, and further improving to 0.4 at 3 months postoperative, which was a not statistically significant improvement (p = 0.2). The intraoperative subjective numeric rating scale showed a statistically significant improvement from 3.9 preoperatively, to 6.1 after medialisation, 7.1 after medialisation and arytenoid adduction and a 7.6 at 3 months postoperative (p = 0.001). The Voice Handicap Index total score showed a statistically significant improvement from 71 points before surgery to 13 at 3 months after surgery (p = 0.008).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study using intraoperative voice measurements indicate that the addition of arytenoid adduction to medialisation thyroplasty is a benefit in selected patients although more studies are needed due to the many limitations inherent to this field of investigation.
Bulbine frutescens gel obtained by: (1) washing the leaves of Bulbine frutescens with water and grinding the leaves (optional); (2) squeezing the leaves to obtain a gel-like juice; (3) treating this juice with hydrogen peroxide under stirring; (4) destroying the hydrogen peroxide by adding a pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable acid under stirring; (5) adjusting the pH-value to 3-4 by adding a pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable acid; and (6) obtaining the gel under stirring, after all the components are dissolved, is claimed. Bulbine frutescens gel obtained by: (1) washing the leaves of Bulbine frutescens with water and optionally grinding the leaves; (2) squeezing the leaves to obtain a gel-like juice; (3) treating the gel-like juice with hydrogen peroxide under stirring, where 0.5-20 g of hydrogen peroxide is added per kg of the juice; (4) destroying the hydrogen peroxide by adding a pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable acid under stirring, until the peroxide-value is less than 0.02 milliequivalent oxygen/kg; (5) adjusting the pH-value to 3-4 by adding a pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable acid; and (6) obtaining the gel under stirring, after all the components are dissolved, is claimed. Independent claims are also included for: (i) producing the Bulbine frutescens gel comprising the steps (1) to (6); and (ii) a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition comprising the Bulbine frutescens gel in combination with at least one pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carrier-medium or excipient. ACTIVITY : Dermatological; Antimicrobial; Antiinflammatory; Fungicide; Antibacterial; Immunostimulant. The disinfecting activity of the Bulbine frutescensgel was tested in human faeces (1 wt.%) inoculated with 104 colony forming units/g of Staphylococcusand Streptococcusspecies, by a kinetic provocation test according to the method of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) procedure-E1174. The results showed that Staphylococcusand Streptococcusspecies (aerobic gram-positive cocci) were completely destroyed after 2 hours of inoculation. MECHANISM OF ACTION : None given.
Patients receive patient navigation via strategists from the Take the Fight for 8 weeks. Patients also complete interviews regarding perceived physical, logistical, psychosocial, and informational challenges experienced prior to meeting with strategists/navigators and how challenges were addressed by navigator or others, perceived benefits or limitations of navigator assistance. Strategists also complete interviews regarding their perceptions on how patients benefited from participation, challenges patients experienced that were directly or indirectly related to their cancer diagnosis and treatment, how these concerns were addressed, barriers to addressing these concerns, and patient health literacy.
Pioglitazone belongs to thiazolidinediones and anti-diabetes drug which decreases the insulin resistance. It increases the use of glucose of peripheral tissues and decrease the production of glucose from liver and dose not influence the production of insulin. It is agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and by binding to the receptors of PPARγ in various tissues it has effects on transcription of the insulin-dependent gene. In animal model, pioglitazone has shown to influence the metabolism by the insulin-dependent mechanism.

Recent studies have demonstrated that PPARγ as well as diet control could improve glycemic control, decrease serum ALT level, decrease hepatic fat distribution, and increase intrahepatic insulin sensitivity. Meanwhile, PPARγ could also prevent the development of alcohol-induced steatohepatitis, improve hepatic necroinflammatory activity, and decrease lipid deposition. It is not yet clearly known how the effect of P-PARγ agonist among Asian peoples.
Patients undergo MRE over 10 minutes and then undergo standard of care MRI of the brain with and without contrast at baseline. Within 4 weeks after the initial MRI and MRE scans, patients may undergo standard of care biopsy to check the status of the disease. Within 48 hours after biopsy, patients undergo standard of care MRI to check the status of the disease. Patients who do not undergo biopsy undergo standard of care MRI 4-8 weeks after MRE scan to check the status of the disease.
The invention provides cultured cells of Quillaja sp. for the preparation of active substances from Quillaja sp. The active substances from Quillaja sp. can be used for various purposes, such as for the preparation of immunological adjuvants, immunostimulant complexes (ISCOMs), immunostimulant complex matrix (ISCOM matrix), emulsifiers, foaming agents and the like. The invention further provides a method for the preparation of active substances from Quillaja sp. by culturing cells of Quillaja sp. in vitro; and preparing an extract of the cultured cells containing the active substances.
The processing and perception of amplitude modulation (AM) in the auditory system reflect a frequency-selective process, often described as a modulation filterbank. Previous studies on perceptual AM masking reported similar results for older listeners with hearing impairment (HI listeners) and young listeners with normal hearing (NH listeners), suggesting no effects of age or hearing loss on AM frequency selectivity. However, recent evidence has shown that age, independently of hearing loss, adversely affects AM frequency selectivity. Hence, this study aimed to disentangle the effects of hearing loss and age. A simultaneous AM masking paradigm was employed, using a sinusoidal carrier at 2.8 kHz, narrowband noise modulation maskers, and target modulation frequencies of 4, 16, 64, and 128 Hz. The results obtained from young (n = 3, 24-30 years of age) and older (n = 10, 63-77 years of age) HI listeners were compared to previously obtained data from young and older NH listeners. Notably, the HI listeners generally exhibited lower (unmasked) AM detection thresholds and greater AM frequency selectivity than their NH counterparts in both age groups. Overall, the results suggest that age negatively affects AM frequency selectivity for both NH and HI listeners, whereas hearing loss improves AM detection and AM selectivity, likely due to the loss of peripheral compression.
Albuminuria has been considered the golden standard biomarker for diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but appears once significant kidney damage has already occurred. Angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2) has been implicated in the development and progression of DKD in adults. We aimed to explore the association of serum Angpt-2 levels with DKD in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) of short duration (3-5 years) and to evaluate the predictive power of serum Angpt-2 in the early detection of DKD prior to the microalbuminuric phase. The current cross-sectional study included 90 children divided into three age and sex-matched groups based on urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR): microalbuminuric diabetic group (n = 30), non-albuminuric diabetic group (n = 30), and control group (n = 30). All participants were subjected to anthropometric measurements, serum Angpt-2 and fasting lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, and Non-HDL-C) assessment. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated based on serum creatinine (eGFR-Cr). Higher serum Angpt-2 levels were detected in both diabetic groups compared to controls and in microalbuminuric compared to non-albuminuric diabetic group. There was no detected significant difference in eGFR-Cr values across the study groups. Serum Angpt-2 was positively correlated with triglycerides, LDL, Non-HDL-C, HbA1c, and UACR, while UACR, HbA1c, and Non-HDL-C were independent predictors for serum Angpt-2. Serum Angpt-2 at level of 137.4 ng/L could discriminate between microalbuminuric and non-albuminuric diabetic groups with AUC = 0.960 and at level of 115.95 ng/L could discriminate between the non-albuminuric diabetic group and controls with AUC = 0.976.Conclusion: Serum Angpt-2 is a promising potent biomarker for the detection of early stage of DKD in childhood T1DM before albuminuria emerges. What is Known? • Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are the golden standard but late biomarkers for DKD. • Angiopoietin-2 has been implicated in the development and progression of DKD in adults with diabetes, but has not been explored in T1DM children with DKD. What is New? • Higher serum angiopoietin-2 was detected in diabetic groups compared to controls and in microalbuminuric compared to non-albuminuric group. • Angiopoietin-2 correlated positively with triglycerides, LDL, Non-HDL-C, HbA1c, and UACR. • Serum angiopoietin-2 is a promising early diagnostic biomarker for DKD in children with T1DM.
INTRODUCTION: Poststroke shoulder pain is a common complication that severely affects the recovery of upper limb motor function. Acupuncture has positive analgesic effects in treating poststroke shoulder pain, and studies have demonstrated the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in treating patients with this pain. However, whether acupuncture combined with tDCS has a superior rehabilitation effect on poststroke shoulder pain is currently unknown. We aimed to observe the effect of the combined intervention on poststroke shoulder pain and explore its possible central analgesic mechanism.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study describes a randomised controlled trial using assessor blinding. A total of 135 poststroke patients with shoulder pain will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to the tDCS group, acupuncture group and combined group (acupuncture plus tDCS). All three groups will undergo conventional rehabilitation treatment. Participants in the tDCS group will receive tDCS stimulation on the M1 area for 20 min, while the acupuncture group will receive 20 min of acupuncture. The combined treatment group will receive both. All treatments will be performed five times per week for 4 weeks. The primary outcome indicator in this study is the Visual Analogue Scale pain score. Secondary outcome indicators include shoulder mobility, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Scale, Modified Barthel Index Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety and Depression Scale and functional MRI. All scale results will be assessed at baseline and at 2 weeks and 4 weeks, and during follow-up at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months postdischarge. A repeated analysis of variance will be conducted to observe the group×time interaction effects of the combined intervention. Moreover, functional MRI will be applied to explore the central analgesic mechanism.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2023KY-039-001). The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2300078270.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is characterized by chronic arthritis of unknown etiology starting before the age of 16. There are four to five thousand paediatric patients with JIA in France. Most of these patients are diagnosed with oligoarticular or rheumatoid factor negative polyarticular JIA. The prognosis of the disease has dramatically improved thanks to the introduction of biologic agents in patients with an extended oligoarticular or rheumatoid factor negative polyarticular JIA and inadequate response to methotrexate. Inactive disease and long-lasting clinical remission are achieved in most cases. "Treat to target" approaches are increasingly recommended, with earlier introduction of biologics, however the way to taper or withdraw treatment in patients achieving inactive disease is not codified. As biologic treatments are expensive and associated with some concerns regarding long-term safety, this study aim to test, in a randomized fashion, the hypothesis that early tapering of biologic agents (i.e. increasing the intervals between injections as soon as inactive disease is documented) is safe and non-inferior to the maintenance of stable treatment intensity over 24 weeks, and therefore test the possibility of early biologic agent withdrawal. It will also study concentrations of different biological agent, the occurrence of anti-drugs antibodies while tapering and then withdrawing biologics, and their possible association with a higher risk of relapse. In addition, investigators will test if the serum level of proteins 100 (MRP8/14) could be predictive of flares. Finally, pharmaco-economic analyses and quality of life studies will be conducted.
TURP is performed by inserting a resectoscope through the urethra and resecting prostatic tissue with an electrically powered cutting-coagulating metal loop or using laser-22 vaporization energy. This can be accomplished with either a monopolar TURP (M-TURP) or bipolar TURP (B-TURP) technique. Laser energy for TURP has also been used for many years. With each technique, as much prostatic tissue as possible is resected, but the prostatic capsule is usually preserved. If the capsule is violated, large amounts of irrigation solution can be absorbed into the circulation via the periprostatic, retroperitoneal, or peritoneal space. Bleeding during TURP is not uncommon but usually controllable; hemostasis becomes difficult when large venous sinuses are opened. If the bleeding becomes uncontrollable, the procedure should be terminated as quickly as possible, and a Foley catheter should be passed into the bladder and traction applied to it. The catheter's inflated balloon exerts lateral pressure on the prostatic bed and reduces bleeding. Bleeding requiring transfusion occurs in approximately 2.5% of TURP procedures.