anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The orexin system is closely related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Orexin-A aggravates cognitive dysfunction and increases amyloid β (Aβ) deposition in AD model mice, but studies of different dual orexin receptor (OXR) antagonists in AD have shown inconsistent results. Our previous study revealed that OX1R blockade aggravates cognitive deficits and pathological progression in 3xTg-AD mice, but the effects of OX2R and its potential mechanism in AD have not been reported. In the present study, OX2R was blocked by oral administration of the selective OX2R antagonist MK-1064, and the effects of OX2R blockade on cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric symptoms in 3xTg-AD mice were evaluated via behavioral tests. Then, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and ELISA were used to detect Aβ deposition, tau phosphorylation, and neuroinflammation, and electrophysiological and wheel-running activity recording were recorded to observe hippocampal synaptic plasticity and circadian rhythm. The results showed that OX2R blockade ameliorated cognitive dysfunction, improved LTP depression, increased the expression of PSD-95, alleviated anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and circadian rhythm disturbances in 3xTg-AD mice, and reduced Aβ pathology, tau phosphorylation, and neuroinflammation in the brains of 3xTg-AD mice. These results indicated that chronic OX2R blockade exerts neuroprotective effects in 3xTg-AD mice by reducing AD pathology at least partly through improving circadian rhythm disturbance and the sleep-wake cycle and that OX2R might be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of AD; however, the potential mechanism by which OX2R exerts neuroprotective effects on AD needs to be further investigated.
In addition to regulating cholesterol synthesis, statins have neuroprotective effects. Apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) causes a gradual loss of visual function in glaucoma. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of statins on the RGC apoptosis induced by activated Müller glia. Primary Müller cells and RGCs were cultured from the retina of C57BL6 mice. Müller cells were activated with GSK101, a transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) agonist, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) released to the medium was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cells were pretreated with simvastatin or lovastatin before GSK101. RGCs were treated with conditioned media from Müller glia cultures, and apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry. TRPV4 activation through GSK101 treatment induced gliosis of Müller cells, and the conditioned media from activated Müller cells was potent to induce RGC apoptosis. Statins suppress both gliosis in Müller cells and subsequent RGC apoptosis. TNF-α release to the media was increased in GSK101-treated Müller cells, and TNF-α in the conditioned media was the critical factor causing RGC apoptosis. The increase in TRPV4-mediated TNF-α expression occurred through the nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cell pathway activation, which was inhibited by statins. Herein, we showed that statins can modulate gliosis and TNF-α expression in Müller cells, protecting RGCs. These data further support the neuroprotective effect of statins, promoting them as a potential treatment for glaucoma.
No clear guideline currently exists for best practices involving cervical preparation for women planning dilation and evacuation at 20 weeks and greater. The investigators plan to perform a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. On day 1, 66 participants will receive mifepristone 200 mg orally or placebo 18-24 hours prior to osmotic dilator (Dilapan-S 4-mm) placement (day 2). On day 3, participants will have a D\&E procedure. Enrollees will be 18 weeks 0 days to 23 weeks 6 days gestation on the day of the procedure. The primary objective is to evaluate the role of adjunctive mifepristone the day prior to osmotic dilator placement for dilation and evacuation procedures. The primary outcome will be the number of dilators successfully placed. Investigators will compare the number of dilators placed between study arms stratified by gestational age. Secondary outcomes include cervical dilation at time of procedure, proportion of women requiring mechanical dilation at time of surgery, provider impression on ease of procedure and/or difficulty in dilating the cervix when clinically required, and overall complications. Complications or adverse events include cervical laceration requiring repair, perforations, blood transfusions, ED visits, hospitalizations, infection, additional surgical procedures, or extramural deliveries.
Participants assigned to placebo will receive a daily tablet that matches the BZA/CE to maintain the blind. Placebo tablets, 0.45 mg/20 mg are oval, biconvex, pink tablets, branded with "0.45/20" in black ink on one side. Also to assure the blind is maintain, participants in the placebo group will be given the same instructions for taking the study medication.Tablets should be swallowed whole. If a dose, participants will be instructed to take it as soon as remembered unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose. They should not take two doses at the same time. The dose is one tablet per day independent of weight and fat mass. Participants will be provided with information about BZA/CE and its potential side effects and contraindications, again to maintain the blind.
BACKGROUND: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MEFV gene may modify inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity. The prevalence of MEFV gene SNPs in IBD patients and their involvement in IBD pathophysiology remains unclear.
METHODS: We analyzed 12 MEFV gene SNPs in peripheral leukocytes of Japanese IBD patients (Crohn's disease [CD]: 69 patients, ulcerative colitis: 32 patients) by polymerase chain reaction using next-generation DNA sequencing and evaluated their prevalence and association with the disease characteristics. Inflammasome activity and mature interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 production were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from CD patients stimulated with lipopolysaccharides and adenosine triphosphate, and compared between those with and without the E148Q SNP. COL1A1 and HSP47 gene expression was analyzed in CCD-18Co cells costimulated with IL-1β and other inflammatory cytokines.
RESULTS: The prevalence of MEFV gene SNPs in IBD patients was similar to that in the human gene database. E148Q was the most common SNP. Compared with CD patients without E148Q, those with E148Q had a significantly greater frequency of the stricture phenotype, and their peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited significantly higher IL-1β and IL-18 levels and higher caspase-1 activity. IL-1β and IL-17A synergistically increased COL1A1 and HSP47 gene expression.
CONCLUSIONS: MEFV gene SNPs, including E148Q, modify the behavior of CD. IL-1β and IL-18 are produced through enhanced caspase-1 activity in monocytes of CD patients with E148Q. IL-1β promotes gene expression of fibrosis-related genes by cooperating with IL-17A in myofibroblasts. Therefore, E148Q might be a disease-modifying gene associated with the fibrostenosis phenotype in CD patients.
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common debilitating orthopedic condition that disrupts physical function and decreases quality of life. Chronic ankle instability is heterogenous and can manifest as mechanical ligamentous laxity, perceived disability often referred to as functional instability, or a combination of the two. However, clinicians and researchers most often combine all chronic ankle instability patients without considering these subgroups, which may account for the poor recovery and recurrent nature of this pathology. Neurocognitive and neurophysiologic discrepancies may explain the different subgroups observed in this population, however, technological limitations have previously limited this assessment. The objective of this research is to determine functional and neurophysiological differences between subgroups of CAI to allow for development of evidence-based rehabilitation which may improve patient outcomes. To accomplish this, the aims of this study are: 1) determine the differences among CAI subgroups on performance of a traditional side-hop test and neurocognitive hop test, 2) determine differences in neurophysiological response and motor control between CAI subgroups during a lower limb and an ankle specific task, and 3) determine the underlying neurophysiological effects of a 4-week neurocognitively enhanced balance training protocol among CAI subgroups. This study hypothesizes functional performance will be similar between subgroups during a traditional side-hop test, but those with functional instability without mechanical laxity will perform worse during a choice-reaction hop test compared to those with mechanical ankle instability. It also hypothesizes individuals with functional ankle instability will demonstrate greater cortical activation during the research tasks, and after a 4-week balance training protocol compared to individuals with mechanical ankle instability. To assess these aims, participants with CAI who present with functional ankle instability as well as with mechanical ankle instability will perform a series of hop tests, single limb balance test, a force control test, a neurocognitive assessment, and 4-weeks of neurocognitive balance training. Time to complete each of the hop tests, cortical activation during the balance and force control tasks, and neurocognitive performance will be assessed to determine differences in performance and neurological function among subgroups of CAI. Therefore, the long-term objective of this research is to determine the underlying neurologic, neurophysiologic, and motor control mechanisms underpinning CAI to improve evidence-based decision making across patients with chronic ankle instability.
All participants who complete Part 1, and who meet eligibility criteria for Part 2, as well as direct entry participants, will enter Part 2 of the study. In Part 2 open-label phases (induction and stabilization) all participants (newly enrolled direct entry participants and Part 1 roll-over participants) will receive seltorexant orally in addition to their background SSRI/SNRI treatment.
To investigate the effect of an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC). PEACH study was a single-center, superiority randomized clinical trial of exercise training versus no exercise (control). The sample comprised Chagas disease patients with CCC, left ventricular ejection fraction < 45%, without or with HF symptoms (CCC stages B2 or C, respectively). QoL was assessed at baseline, after three months, and at the end of six months of follow-up using the SF-36 questionnaire. Patients randomized for the exercise group (n = 15) performed exercise training (aerobic, strength and stretching exercises) for 60 min, three times a week, during six months. Patients in the control group (n = 15) were not provided with a formal exercise prescription. Both groups received identical nutritional and pharmaceutical counseling during the study. Longitudinal analysis of the effects of exercise training on QoL, considering the interaction term (group × time) to estimate the rate of changes between groups in the outcomes (represented as beta coefficient), was performed using linear mixed models. Models were fitted adjusting for each respective baseline QoL value. There were significant improvements in physical functioning (β =  + 10.7; p = 0.02), role limitations due to physical problems (β =  + 25.0; p = 0.01), and social functioning (β =  + 19.2; p < 0.01) scales during the first three months in the exercise compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed between groups after six months. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation provided short-term improvements in the physical and mental aspects of QoL of patients with CCC.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02517632; August 7, 2015.
Data from 2 pivotal trials in 1,191 patients treated for either lower respiratory tract infections or complicated urinary tract infections compared a regimen of 875 mg/125 mg tablets of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium every 12 hours to 500 mg/125 mg tablets of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium dosed every 8 hours (584 and 607 patients, respectively). Comparable efficacy was demonstrated between the every 12 hours and every 8 hours dosing regimens. There was no significant difference in the percentage of adverse events in each group. The most frequently reported adverse event was diarrhea; incidence rates were similar for the 875 mg every 12 hours and 500 mg every 8 hours dosing regimens (15% and 14%, respectively); however, there was a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.05) in rates of severe diarrhea or withdrawals with diarrhea between the regimens: 1% for 875 mg every 12 hours regimen versus 2% for the 500 mg every 8 hours regimen.

In one of these pivotal trials, patients with either pyelonephritis (n equals 361) or a complicated urinary tract infection (i.e., patients with abnormalities of the urinary tract that predispose to relapse of bacteriuria following eradication, n equals 268) were randomized (1:1) to receive either 875 mg/125 mg tablets of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium every 12 hours (n equals 308) or 500 mg/125 mg tablets of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium every 8 hours (n equals 321).

The number of bacteriologically evaluable patients was comparable between the two dosing regimens. Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium produced comparable bacteriological success rates in patients assessed 2 to 4 days immediately following end of therapy. The bacteriologic efficacy rates were comparable at one of the follow-up visits (5 to 9 days post-therapy) and at a late post-therapy visit (in the majority of cases, this was 2 to 4 weeks post-therapy), as seen in Table 8.

Table 8: Bacteriologic Efficacy Rates for Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium Tablets

As noted, before, though there was no significant difference in the percentage of adverse events in each group, there was a statistically significant difference in rates of severe diarrhea or withdrawals with diarrhea between the regimens.
Sham transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation. Dexamethasone 10mg i.v.after induction.
Take levetiracetam tablets exactly as prescribed.

  * Your healthcare provider will tell you how much levetiracetam to take and when to take it. Levetiracetam tablets are usually taken twice a day. Take levetiracetam tablets at the same times each day.
  * Your healthcare provider may change your dose. Do not change your dose without talking to your healthcare provider.
  * Take levetiracetam tablets with or without food.
  * Swallow the tablets whole. Do not chew or crush tablets. Ask your healthcare provider for levetiracetam oral solution if you cannot swallow tablets.
  * If your healthcare provider has prescribed levetiracetam oral solution, be sure to ask your pharmacist for a medicine dropper or medicine cup to help you measure the correct amount of levetiracetam oral solution. Do not use a household teaspoon. Ask your pharmacist for instructions on how to use the measuring device the right way.
  * If you miss a dose of levetiracetam tablets, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, just skip the missed dose. Take the next dose at your regular time. Do not take two doses at the same time.
  * If you take too much levetiracetam, call your local Poison Control Center or go to the nearest emergency room right away.
Periprosthetic infection is one of the most devastating complications following orthopaedic surgery. Rapid detection of an infection can change the treatment pathway and improve outcomes for the patient. In here, we propose a miniaturized lactate biosensor developed on a flexible substrate and integrated on a small-form bone implant to detect infection. The methods for lactate biosensor fabrication and integration on a bone implant are fully described within this study. The system performance was comprehensively electrochemically characterised, including with L-lactate solutions prepared in phosphate-buffered saline and culture medium, and interferents such as acetaminophen and ascorbic acid. A proof-of-concept demonstration was then conducted with ex vivo ovine femoral heads incubated with and without exposure to Staphylococcus epidermidis. The sensitivity, current density and limit-of-detection levels achieved by the biosensor were 1.25 μA mM-1, 1.51 μA.M-1.mm-2 and 66 μM, respectively. The system was insensitive to acetaminophen, while sensitivity to ascorbic acid was half that of the sensitivity to L-lactate. In the ex vivo bone model, S. epidermidis infection was detected within 5 h of implantation, while the control sample led to no change in the sensor readings. This pioneering work demonstrates a pathway to improving orthopaedic outcomes by enabling early infection diagnosis.
PURPOSE: A composition containing Jerusalem Artichoke and cheonggukjang as active ingredients for preventing or treating metabolic diseases is provided to reduce fasting blood sugar and insulin resistance, to suppress the increase of blood glucose, and to increase insulin secretion, thereby effectively preventing and treating diabetes. CONSTITUTION: A composition for preventing or treating metabolic diseases contains Jerusalem Artichoke and cheonggukjang as active ingredients. The metabolic diseases are diabetes or fatty liver. Jerusalem Artichoke and cheonggukjang are a powder type. Cheonggukjang contains 0.08 ug/g to 0.01 mg/g of diadzein. The composition reduces fasting blood sugar.
The current proposed physiologic study is a single center, open-label clinical trial in healthy subjects. The primary aim is to describe kinetics of methemoglobin (MetHb) formation and reduction during exposure to high dose inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) at a maximum of 300 parts per million in healthy volunteers. The investigators will also assess the contribution of increased cardiac output in relation to MetHb formation/reduction and of different inspired oxygen concentrations on the production of nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

The study protocol consists of breathing iNO at a maximum of 300 parts per million (ppm) and two different FiO2 levels (i.e. 21% and 80%). The combination of iNO and FiO2 levels identifies 2 study cohorts; five different subjects will be enrolled for each cohort. The maximum number of volunteers enrolled in this clinical trial is 10 spontaneously breathing, awake, healthy subjects, divided in two groups (5 volunteers/group, 2 groups). The first 5 subjects will be exposed to iNO in a mixture of gas at 21% of FiO2, the second group of 5 patients will receive iNO a mixture of gas at 80% of FiO2. Each volunteer will be exposed to a maximum of 300 ppm of iNO at 3 times/day for 5 consecutive days. Thus, a maximum of 150 total iNO treatments will be administered (10 enrolled volunteers, 5 days, 3 treatments/day). On the fifth day of the study, the iNO administration will be performed during physical exercise that will increase the respiratory rate of the subject, in order to study the influence of the respiratory rate on the rate of MetHb formation. During each treatment period, a threshold of MetHb = 10% and/or inspiratory NO2 = 5 ppm (as defined by the OSHA, https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/21, last accessed on Oct 31, 2022) will be used as stopping criteria for gas inhalation. Also, iNO administration will be stopped at any time, regardless of the MetHb and NO2 levels, at the discretion of the subject.
PURPOSE:To readily obtain an inexpensive and safe drink containing a silicate, by treating a plant of the family Equisetaceae of the class Pteridophyte with a weakly alkaline potassium salt. CONSTITUTION:A nutrient stem of a plant of the family Equisetaceae of the class Pteridophyte is collected at 3-5 months growth period, directly dried in the shade and preserved. The resultant nurient stem is cut to about 2-10mm length, sufficiently washed with cold water and then dipped in an aqueous solution containing dissolved 1%, based on the weight of the dried material, potassium carbonate. The dipping time is normally 12-24hr. The dipped solution is then boiled to give the aimed brown extract solution for 3-5hr. The resultant extract solution has an amount of extracted silicates 3-5 times as much as that obtained without treating with the potassium carbonate solution under the same condition and the stable extract solution is obtained.
Introduction: Menopause is the period in which reproductive life ends and senescence begins. Because of the increase in life expectancy there are more women reaching this period. Although it is a physiological change, it is frequently accompanied by disagreeable symptoms that can influence quality of life and sleep in a negative manner. The most common symptom is hot flashes. The traditional treatment for the symptoms is hormone replacement therapy, that has many important side effects, such as increase in cancer incidence. This therapy also has dubious effects on psychosexual symptoms and quality of life. This justifies the study of other more secure treatments. Aromatherapy can be a particularly efficacious treatment for hot flashes because it has therapeutic mechanisms that are similar to the physiological mechanisms of hot flashes. It is also a secure therapy with little side effects, specially when applied in inhalation (olfactory aromatherapy). Yogatherapy can also influence psychoneuroedocrineimmunological axis similar to the physiological axis of hot flashes. Yogatherapy includes respiratory exercises that can potentiate the effects of olfactory aromatherapy. Because of this, it can be beneficial to apply aromatherapy and yogatherapy together. These therapies were studied as they are applied in clinical practice. The psychoneuroendocrineimmunological model permits the study of the effects of both these therapies aiming at increase in quality of life, from a psychosomatic and global point of view. The global approach is important in the study of menopause because it has both psychological and physiological characteristics. Objective: verify and analyse psychological and physiological effects of olfactory aromatherapy and yogatherapy respiratory exercises, together and separately, on the quality of life, levels of stress, quality of sleep and intensity and frequence of hot flashes in climacteric women. Material and methods: The study is a placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial, with restrict randomization methods (that allow groups of the same size). Recruitment of voluntaries was made using posters and electronic messages in websites. Data was collected at the "Centro de Práticas Esportivas da Universidade de São Paulo" (Sport Centre of the University of Sao Paulo). The study will have four groups: aromatherapy, yogatherapy, both therapies and control-placebo group. Appraisal was done using questionnaires for personal data, social-economical data, stress levels, quality f sleep levels, body resonance levels, quality of life levels, climacteric influence on quality of life and physiological data (heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure and body temperature). Appraisal was done before, during and after 20 treatment sessions. The research was approved by the "Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Educação Fisica e Esporte da Universidade de São Paulo" (Ethics Committee of the Sport and Physical Education School of the University of Sao Paulo). Data will be analysed using descriptive statistics, Student t-test, ANOVA variance analysis and Pearson correlation, considering significance levels of p\<0,05.