anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
[ 18F]FDG is a glucose analogue which concentrates in cells that rely upon glucose as a primary energy source. Once in the cell it is phosphorylated and can not exit until dephosphorylation has occurred. Regions of “increased [ 18F]FDG uptake" correlate with increased glucose metabolism. Regions of decreased/absent uptake reflect the absence of glucose metabolism. Background activity reflects uptake by normal cells. [ 18F]FDG uptake in inflammatory cells is inconsistent and may be increased, normal or decreased. Whether or not [ 18F]FDG, CIDG, or their metabolites can inhibit glucose metabolism is not known.
Monotherapy With Lamotrigine in Adults With Partial Seizures Already Receiving Treatment With Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, or Primidone as the Single Antiepileptic Drug: The effectiveness of monotherapy with lamotrigine was established in a multicenter, double-blind clinical trial enrolling 156 adult outpatients with partial seizures. The patients experienced at least 4 simple partial, complex partial, and/or secondarily generalized seizures during each of 2 consecutive 4-week periods while receiving carbamazepine or phenytoin monotherapy during baseline. Lamotrigine (target dose of 500 mg/day) or valproate (1,000 mg/day) was added to either carbamazepine or phenytoin monotherapy over a 4-week period. Patients were then converted to monotherapy with lamotrigine or valproate during the next 4 weeks, then continued on monotherapy for an additional 12-week period.

Study endpoints were completion of all weeks of study treatment or meeting an escape criterion. Criteria for escape relative to baseline were: (1) doubling of average monthly seizure count, (2) doubling of highest consecutive 2-day seizure frequency, (3) emergence of a new seizure type (defined as a seizure that did not occur during the 8-week baseline) that is more severe than seizure types that occur during study treatment, or (4) clinically significant prolongation of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The primary efficacy variable was the proportion of patients in each treatment group who met escape criteria.

The percentages of patients who met escape criteria were 42% (32/76) in the group receiving lamotrigine and 69% (55/80) in the valproate group. The difference in the percentage of patients meeting escape criteria was statistically significant (P= 0.0012) in favor of lamotrigine. No differences in efficacy based on age, sex, or race were detected.

Patients in the control group were intentionally treated with a relatively low dose of valproate; as such, the sole objective of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of monotherapy with lamotrigine, and cannot be interpreted to imply the superiority of lamotrigine to an adequate dose of valproate.
PURPOSE: The determination of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the brain is of substantial interest in several neurological applications. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using trityl OX071-based pulse electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (pEPRI) to provide a quantitative estimate of BBB integrity and pO2 maps in mouse brains as a function of neuroinflammatory disease progression.
METHODS: Five Connexin-32 (Cx32)-knockout (KO) mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide to induce neuroinflammation for imaging. Three wild-type mice were also used to optimize the imaging procedure and as control animals. An additional seven Cx32-KO mice were used to establish the BBB leakage of trityl using the colorimetric assay. All pEPRI experiments were performed using a preclinical instrument, JIVA-25 (25 mT/720 MHz), at times t = 0, 4, and 6 h following lipopolysaccharide injection. Two pEPRI imaging techniques were used: (a) single-point imaging for obtaining spatial maps to outline the brain and calculate BBB leakage using the signal amplitude, and (b) inversion-recovery electron spin echo for obtaining pO2 maps.
RESULTS: A statistically significant change in BBB leakage was found using pEPRI with the progression of inflammation in Cx32 KO animals. However, the change in pO2 values with the progression of inflammation for these animals was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, we show the ability of pEPRI to provide pO2 maps in mouse brains noninvasively, along with a quantitative assessment of BBB leakage. We expect this study to open new queries from the field to explore the pathology of many neurological diseases and provide a path to new treatments.
Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This might be due to undesired obesity-induced changes in the maternal gut microbiota and related changes in the maternal immune adaptations during pregnancy. The current study examines how obesity affects gut microbiota and immunity in pregnant obese and lean mice during mid-pregnancy (gestational day 12 (GD12)). C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet or low-fat diet from 8 weeks before mating and during pregnancy. At GD12, we analyzed the gut microbiota composition in the feces and immune responses in the intestine (Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes) and the peripheral circulation (spleen and peripheral blood). Maternal obesity reduced beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia) and changed intestinal and peripheral immune responses (e.g., dendritic cells, Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg axis, monocytes). Numerous correlations were found between obesity-associated bacterial genera and intestinal/peripheral immune anomalies. This study shows that maternal obesity impacts the abundance of specific bacterial gut genera as compared to lean mice and deranges maternal intestinal immune responses that subsequently change peripheral maternal immune responses in mid-pregnancy. Our findings underscore the opportunities for early intervention strategies targeting maternal obesity, ideally starting in the periconceptional period, to mitigate these obesity-related pregnancy effects.
Participants will receive a single dose of placebo matching CORT125329 lipid capsule formulation 1 or 2 in the fasted or fed state on Day 1 in a dose escalation format. The dose, formulation, and prandial state for each placebo cohort will match that used in the corresponding CORT125329 cohort.
Apply clonidine transdermal system once every 7 days to a hairless area of intact skin on the upper outer arm or chest. Each new application of clonidine transdermal system should be on a different skin site from the previous location. If the system loosens during 7-day wearing, the adhesive cover should be applied directly over the system to ensure good adhesion. There have been rare reports of the need for patch changes prior to 7 days to maintain blood pressure control.

To initiate therapy, clonidine transdermal system dosage should be titrated according to individual therapeutic requirements, starting with clonidine transdermal system 0.1 mg/day. If after one or two weeks the desired reduction in blood pressure is not achieved, increase the dosage by adding another clonidine transdermal system, 0.1 mg/day or changing to a larger system. An increase in dosage above two clonidine transdermal system 0.3 mg/day is usually not associated with additional efficacy.

When substituting clonidine transdermal system for oral clonidine or for other antihypertensive drugs, physicians should be aware that the antihypertensive effect of clonidine transdermal system may not commence until 2-3 days after initial application. Therefore, gradual reduction of prior drug dosage is advised. Some or all previous antihypertensive treatment may have to be continued, particularly in patients with more severe forms of hypertension.
FIELD: medicine, immunology, immunooncology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to vaccination problem against tumor cells and vaccine therapy of oncological diseases. In polyacrylamide gel (under in vivo condition) heterogeneous mammalian cells, among them, tumor cells are introduced that results to possibility of prolonged culturing cells in mammalian body. Invention results to modification of heterogeneous cells expressed as decrease of their proliferative activity and immunizing effect on body of mammal. EFFECT: improved method of culturing and modification of cells. 4 cl, 3 tbl, 1 dwg, 6 ex
The present invention is a drug delivery carrier comprising: (a) a biocompatible polymer and (b) a hydrophobic group conjugated to said polymer. The invention is used for adsorption of synthetic drugs having very low solubility in water, and it regulates discharge rate of adsorbed drugs by regulating a proportion of hydrophobic groups conjugated to the polymeric material. The present invention provides broad-spectrum platform technology applicable to new hydrophobic synthetic drugs to be developed in the future as well as drugs that face difficulties in development due to low bioavailability. The invention will provide therapeutic convenience by combining sustained-release characteristics with the ability for adsorption of a hydrophobic drug having low bioavailability. The invention can also be applied to protein therapeutics. Using first-generation protein drugs based on expired patents which cover daily, every two or three days administration, the present invention improves convenience by allowing second-generation injection formulations that are administered once a week or one or two times a month. "First-generation protein" refers to a bio-medicine based on a natural protein prepared by gene recombination technique and "second-generation protein" refers to a bio-pharmaceutical improvement of a first-generation protein through formulation techniques or modification of molecular structure for increasing half-life or extending treatment period through sustained release. The objects of the present invention are achieved by using first-generation or second-generation protein drugs through a simple mixture or regulation of drug delivery carrier adsorption, unlike known techniques that require protein modification or introduction of a special molecular structure. Applying the present invention will shorten development time of next-generation drugs, and this system will effectively contribute to increasing use of hydrophobic synthetic drugs. Ultimately, the present invention will be useful for development of competitive new medicines such as sustained-release proteins and synthetic pharmaceuticals.
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to protein substance-containing medicinal preparations. Invention is performed by the successive treatment of extract of the precipitate B (fraction III by Cohn's method) with chloroform in concentration from 0.1 to 3% and copper sulfate in concentration from 0.1 to 2% at pH value 6-8. The isolation of the end product is carried out by ultrafiltration method in the presence of chelating compounds. The advantage of the invention involves the enhancement of biological activity of the end product due to increase content of immunoglobulin of class M and decreased content of lipoproteids impurity. EFFECT: improved method of preparing, simplified technological process. 1 tbl
Adolescent stress is a risk factor for the initiation of nicotine use, but whether adolescent stress can enhance nicotine reinforcement when it is initiated later in adulthood is unknown, and it is unclear whether males and females are equally impacted. Therefore, this study assessed physiological responses (body weight and blood serum corticosterone - CORT) to restraint stress (RS) during adolescence (P28-55) or during adulthood (P70-96) in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. When all subjects reached adulthood (P69 or 110; 2 weeks after termination of stress exposure), they were tested on sucrose preference and intravenous single-dose nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/infusion) self-administration. It was found that all rats displayed a significant CORT response to RS. Importantly, stress during adolescence, but not during adulthood, enhanced subsequent acquisition of nicotine intake tested in adulthood. Although this effect was observed in both sexes, only males displayed reduced body weight gain and adult sucrose preference. Moreover, regardless of stress exposure, females were more stimulated by nicotine, consumed more nicotine overall, and displayed enhanced nicotine seeking. These results suggest that adolescence is a period of heightened sensitivity to the enhancing effect of repeated stress on the susceptibility to develop nicotine dependence later in life in both sexes.
The participants will be assessed for eligibility using the NPI-Q and must have at least 3 symptoms present, and a score of 25 or lower on the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE). Participants will also be screened for a previous diagnosis of either Vascular Dementia, Alzheimer's disease, or Mixed Dementia using DSM-5 criteria. The primary outcome measure will be a change in the total score of Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) over 12-weeks. The investigators expect the group receiving Feru-guard will have a greater improvement in total NPI score compared to the placebo group at 12-weeks.

The investigators will also collect data on the effect of Feru-guard supplementation on care-giver burden using the NPI-Q subscale of caregiver distress, Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) screening version, and quality of life (SF-12) over 12 weeks. The investigators will also collect data on changes in global cognition of participants over 12 weeks using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The investigators will compare secondary outcomes between Feru-guard and control group.
PURPOSE:To provide a food containing at least one kind of organic acid selected from acetic acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid and succinic acid. CONSTITUTION:The food containing at least one kind of organic acid selected from acetic acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid and succinic acid. The taking time for this food is pref. before or during ordinary meal. The amount of the food to be taken is >=20ml at a time in the case of vinegar 4.2% in acid degree, being >=0.8g at a time for glacial acetic acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid or succinic acid as a commercial food additive; however, because of large individual difference in glucose tolerance, the intake may be selected so as to be effective. For example, the amount of vinegar to be used in vinegared dish is ca.20 ml/person at a time, being practically effective. Thus the aimed food can be obtained.
UNLABELLED: Chronic arterial insufficiency of lower limbs (CAILL) is a common cardiovascular disease that affects 200 million subjects worldwide: from 4 to 12% of people aged 55-70 years and 20% - over 70 years. The cause of blood circulation disorder in this disease is usually a complex of pathological changes including abnormality of vessel walls' anatomical structure or integrity, disorder of blood rheological properties and alterations of its thrombotic potential. Thus, the therapy of patients with CAILL aiming at hemostasis and, in particular, platelets' aggregation is one of the most urgent problems of medicine.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of blue range visible radiation combined with basic therapy to improve hemostasis in patients with CAILL.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The number of male patients with CAILL equal 63 aged 43-57 years was examined. Blood flow parameters on a fixed part of femoral artery outside the occlusion area were registered based on subjective criteria, number of painless steps and ultrasound doppler flowmetry according to the Fontaine-Pokrovsky classification. The second degree of ischemia was diagnosed in 38 patients, the third degree - in 25 patients. All patients received basic pharmacotherapy. Patients were divided into 2 groups by simple randomization method: control group included 18 patients with II degree of ischemia and 12 patients with III degree of ischemia who received basic pharmacotherapy combined with photohemotherapy (PHT). A set of commonly used laboratory methods for examination of blood coagulation system was applied to assess the effectiveness of PHT. The number of apparently healthy people equal 26 was examined to evaluate normal value of hemostasiological parameters.
RESULTS: Basic pharmacological treatment had a certain positive effect on studied hemostasis parameters and its thrombotic component. However, they did not differ statistically significantly from similar parameters before treatment on the 14th day after treatment. As a result of comprehensive therapy the changes in hemostasis system had identical and statistically significant in percentage terms changes compared to norm and baseline in patients' subgroups of study group with II and III degrees of ischemia. In addition, most hemostasis parameters in patients with II degree of ischemia were close to those of apparently healthy volunteers. Hemostasis parameters in patients with III degree of ischemia decreased to the levels of patients with II degree of ischemia before treatment.
CONCLUSION: The use of basic pharmacological therapy with optical exposure to blood by blue light allows to correct hemostasis and its thrombotic component in patients with CAILL.
In this prospective, randomized, double masked clinical trial, patients scheduled to undergo Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification are randomized in 3 groups. The Brimonidine group receives 1 drop of Brimonidine 0.2%. The Brinzolamide/Brimonidine group receives 1 drop of Brinzolamide 1%/Brimonidine 0.2% fixed combination. The Control group receives artificial tears. All groups are administered a single drop instillation, approximately one hour before Nd:YAG application. Intraocular pressure measurements are performed before treatment (baseline) and at the 1, 3, 24 hours and 1 week post treatment.

Dexamethasone ophthalmic drops are prescribed q.i.d. for one week after the procedure.
The invention discloses a drug for treating pulmonary fibrosis in a patient received an allogeneic kidney transplantation surgery. Raw materials of the drug comprise poria cocos, fructus forsythiae, Chinese angelica, radix paeoniae rubra and licorice. The raw materials can be mixed with ganodorma lucidum to be prepared into pills or oral medicinal liquid through a conventional method for preparation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations. The drug for treating pulmonary fibrosis in a patient received an allogeneic kidney transplantation surgery is a pour traditional Chinese medicine preparation and does not have toxic and side effects. The drug has obvious effects of resisting pulmonary fibrosis, diminishing inflammation, resisting pathogenic microorganisms and improving human immunity. Raw material composition of the drug is reasonable. A preparation method of the drug is simple. A cost of the drug is low. A taking method of the drug is convenient.
Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia.

Too rapid infusion of hypertonic solutions may cause local pain and venous irritation. Rate of administration should be adjusted according to tolerance. Use of the largest peripheral vein and a small bore needle is recommended. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.) 

Symptoms may result from an excess or deficit of one or more of the ions present in the solution; therefore, frequent monitoring of electrolyte levels is essential.

Hypernatremia may be associated with edema and exacerbation of congestive heart failure due to the retention of water, resulting in an expanded extracellular fluid volume. 

Reactions reported with the use of potassium-containing solutions include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. The signs and symptoms of potassium intoxication include paresthesias of the extremities, areflexia, muscular or respiratory paralysis, mental confusion, weakness, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, heart block, electrocardiographic abnormalities and cardiac arrest. Potassium deficits result in disruption of neuromuscular function, and intestinal ileus and dilatation.

If infused in large amounts, chloride ions may cause a loss of bicarbonate ions, resulting in an acidifying effect.

Abnormally high plasma levels of magnesium can result in flushing, sweating, hypotension, circulatory collapse, and depression of cardiac and central nervous system function. Respiratory depression is the most immediate threat to life. Magnesium deficits can result in tachycardia, hypertension, hyperirritability and psychotic behavior.

Phosphorus deficiency may lead to impaired tissue oxygenation and acute hemolytic anemia. Relative to calcium, excessive phosphorus intake can precipitate hypocalcemia with cramps, tetany and muscular hyperexcitability.

The physician should also be alert to the possibility of adverse reactions to drug additives. Prescribing information for drug additives to be administered in this manner should be consulted.

If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
Participants receive lenvatinib-matching placebo orally once a day (QD) plus pembrolizumab 200 mg by intravenous (IV) infusion on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle (Q3W). Pembrolizumab will be administered for up to 35 cycles (approximately 24 months). Lenvatinib-matching placebo will be administered until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity.
To predict endoleaks after thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) we submitted patient characteristics and vessel features observed on pre- operative computed tomography angiography (CTA) to machine-learning. We evaluated 1-year follow-up CT scans (arterial and delayed phases) in patients who underwent TEVAR for the presence or absence of an endoleak. We evaluated the effect of machine learning of the patient age, sex, weight, and height, plus 22 vascular features on the ability to predict post-TEVAR endoleaks. The extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) for ML system was trained on 14 patients with- and 131 without endoleaks. We calculated their importance by applying XGBoost to machine learning and compared our findings between with those of conventional vessel measurement-based methods such as the 22 vascular features by using the Pearson correlation coefficients. Pearson correlation coefficient and 95% confidence interval (CI) were r = 0.86 and 0.75 to 0.92 for the machine learning, r = - 0.44 and - 0.56 to - 0.29 for the vascular angle, and r = - 0.19 and - 0.34 to - 0.02 for the diameter between the subclavian artery and the aneurysm (Fig. 3a-c, all: p < 0.05). With machine-learning, the univariate analysis was significant higher compared with the vascular angle and in the diameter between the subclavian artery and the aneurysm such as the conventional methods (p < 0.05). To predict the risk for post-TEVAR endoleaks, machine learning was superior to the conventional vessel measurement method when factors such as patient characteristics, and vascular features (vessel length, diameter, and angle) were evaluated on pre-TEVAR thoracic CTA images.
It is important that TUSSIONEX is measured with an accurate measuring device (see PRECAUTIONS, Information for Patients).

A dosing spoon is provided with the 4 oz (115 mL) packaged product. One side of the spoon is for a 2.5 mL dose. The other side of the spoon is for a 5 mL dose. Fill to level the side of the spoon for the dose that has been prescribed. Do not overfill. Rinse with water after each use.

For prescriptions where a dosing spoon is not provided, a pharmacist can provide an appropriate measuring device and can provide instructions for measuring the correct dose. A household teaspoon is not an accurate measuring device and could lead to overdosage. 

Each 5 mL of TUSSIONEX Pennkinetic Extended-Release Suspension contains hydrocodone polistirex equivalent to 10 mg hydrocodone bitartrate, and chlorpheniramine polistirex equivalent to 8 mg chlorpheniramine maleate. Shake well before using. Rinse the measuring device with water after each use.