anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Subjects aged 6 to 12 weeks at the time of first vaccination, who received two doses of oral live-attenuated human rotavirus (HRV) porcine circovirus (PCV)-free vaccine in liquid formulation, one at Day 1 and one at Month 1 or Month 2, according to the immunization schedule for rotavirus (RV) vaccine administration in participating countries. PCV-free implies no detection of PCV-1 and PCV-2 according to the limit of detection of the tests used.
Anti-cytokine autoantibodies (ACAAs) are increasingly recognized as modulating disease severity in infection, inflammation and autoimmunity. By reducing or augmenting cytokine signalling pathways or by altering the half-life of cytokines in the circulation, ACAAs can be either pathogenic or disease ameliorating. The origins of ACAAs remain unclear. Here, we focus on the most common ACAAs in the context of disease groups with similar characteristics. We review the emerging genetic and environmental factors that are thought to drive their production. We also describe how the profiling of ACAAs should be considered for the early diagnosis, active monitoring, treatment or sub-phenotyping of diseases. Finally, we discuss how understanding the biology of naturally occurring ACAAs can guide therapeutic strategies.
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is characterized by its high transmissibility, which has caused a worldwide epidemiological event. Yet, it turns ominous once the disease progression degenerates into severe pneumonia and sepsis, presenting a horrendous lethality. To elucidate the alveolar immune or inflammatory landscapes of Omicron critical-ill patients, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the patients with critical pneumonia caused by Omicron infection, and analyzed the correlation between the clinical severity scores and different immune cell subpopulations. In the BALF of Omicron critical patients, the alveolar violent myeloid inflammatory environment was determined. ISG15+ neutrophils and CXCL10+ macrophages, both expressed the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), were negatively correlated with clinical pulmonary infection score, while septic CST7+ neutrophils and inflammatory VCAN+ macrophages were positively correlated with sequential organ failure assessment. The percentages of ISG15+ neutrophils were associated with more protective alveolar epithelial cells, and may reshape CD4+ T cells to the exhaustive phenotype, thus preventing immune injuries. The CXCL10+ macrophages may promote plasmablast/plasma cell survival and activation as well as the production of specific antibodies. As compared to the previous BALF scRNA-seq data from SARS-CoV-2 wild-type/Alpha critical patients, the subsets of neutrophils and macrophages with pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory features presented obvious distinctions, suggesting an immune disparity in Omicron variants. Overall, this study provides a BALF single-cell atlas of Omicron critical patients, and suggests that alveolar interferon-responsive neutrophils and macrophages may extricate SARS-CoV-2 Omicron critical patients from the nasty fate of sepsis.
The safety and effectiveness of VENTOLIN HFA for treatment or prevention of bronchospasm and for prevention of exercised-induced bronchospasm in pediatric patients aged 4 years and older have been established. Use of VENTOLIN HFA for this indication is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies of two 12-week clinical trials in subjects aged 12 years and older with asthma and one 2-week clinical trial in subjects aged 4 to 11 years with asthma [see Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Studies (14.1)]. 

The safety and effectiveness of VENTOLIN HFA in pediatric patients younger than 4 years have not been established. Three trials have been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of VENTOLIN HFA in subjects younger than 4 years and the findings are described below.

Two 4-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were conducted in 163 pediatric subjects aged from birth to 48 months with symptoms of bronchospasm associated with obstructive airway disease (presenting symptoms included: wheeze, cough, dyspnea, or chest tightness). VENTOLIN HFA or placebo HFA was delivered with either an AeroChamber Plus Valved Holding Chamber or an Optichamber Valved Holding Chamber with mask 3 times daily. In one trial, VENTOLIN HFA 90 mcg (n = 26), VENTOLIN HFA 180 mcg (n = 25), and placebo HFA (n = 26) were administered to children aged between 24 and 48 months. In the second trial, VENTOLIN HFA 90 mcg (n = 29), VENTOLIN HFA 180 mcg (n = 29), and placebo HFA (n = 28) were administered to children aged between birth and 24 months. Over the 4-week treatment period, there were no treatment differences in asthma symptom scores between the groups receiving VENTOLIN HFA 90 mcg, VENTOLIN HFA 180 mcg, and placebo in either trial.

In a third trial, VENTOLIN HFA was evaluated in 87 pediatric subjects younger than 24 months for the treatment of acute wheezing. VENTOLIN HFA was delivered with an AeroChamber Plus Valved Holding Chamber in this trial. There were no significant differences in asthma symptom scores and mean change from baseline in an asthma symptom score between VENTOLIN HFA 180 mcg and VENTOLIN HFA 360 mcg.

In vitro dose characterization studies were performed to evaluate the delivery of VENTOLIN HFA via holding chambers with attached masks. The studies were conducted with 2 different holding chambers with masks (small and medium size). The in vitro study data when simulating patient breathing suggest that the dose of VENTOLIN HFA presented for inhalation via a valved holding chamber with mask will be comparable to the dose delivered in adults without a spacer and mask per kilogram of body weight (Table 2). However, clinical trials in children younger than 4 years described above suggest that either the optimal dose of VENTOLIN HFA has not been defined in this age group or VENTOLIN HFA is not effective in this age group. The safety and effectiveness of VENTOLIN HFA administered with or without a spacer device in children younger than 4 years have not been demonstrated.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Lower extremity pain is deemed by Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to be a significant source of chronic pain in adults. If not appropriately managed, patients are subjected to risks of prolonged musculoskeletal dysfunction, disruption to quality of life, and elevated healthcare expenditures. Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has shown great potential in recent years demonstrating efficacy in multiple diagnoses ranging from acute post-surgical pain to complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). This study seeks to delineate efficacy of peripheral neuromodulation in the context of chronic lower extremity pain.
RECENT FINDINGS: Prevailing clinical studies demonstrate evidence levels ranging from II to V (Oxford Centre of Level of Evidence) in lower limb PNS, attaining positive outcomes in pain scores, opioid use, and quality of life measures. Nerves most frequently targeted are the sciatic and femoral nerves with post-amputation pain and CRPS most commonly investigated for efficacy. PNS is a promising therapeutic modality demonstrated to be effective for a variety of nociceptive and neuropathic pain conditions in the lower extremity. PNS offers chronic pain physicians a powerful tool in the multi-modal management of lower limb chronic pain.
BACKGROUND: The spread of infectious diseases can be modeled using deterministic or stochastic models. A deterministic approximation of a stochastic model can be appropriate under some conditions, but is unable to capture the discrete nature of populations. We look into the choice of a model from the perspective of decision making.
METHOD: We consider an emerging disease (Disease X) in a closed population modeled by a stochastic SIR model or its deterministic approximation. The objective of the decision maker is to minimize the cumulative number of symptomatic infected-days over the course of the epidemic by picking a vaccination policy. We consider four decision making scenarios: based on the stochastic model or the deterministic model, and with or without parameter uncertainty. We also consider different sample sizes for uncertain parameter draws and stochastic model runs. We estimate the average performance of decision making in each scenario and for each sample size.
RESULTS: The model used for decision making has an influence on the picked policies. The best achievable performance is obtained with the stochastic model, knowing parameter values, and for a large sample size. For small sample sizes, the deterministic model can outperform the stochastic model due to stochastic effects. Resolving uncertainties may bring more benefit than switching to the stochastic model in our example.
CONCLUSION: This article illustrates the interplay between the choice of a type of model, parameter uncertainties, and sample sizes. It points to issues to be considered when optimizing a stochastic model.
Focal laryngeal dystonia (LD) is a rare neurological voice disorder that interrupts speaking with the intermittent onset of strained-strangled voice quality or causes voicing to stop or produce sudden breathiness. Those suffering from LD commonly report the onset of symptoms 5 years prior to achieving an accurate diagnosis, despite seeing multiple experts. Voice tremor (VT) is another neurological voice disorder that is perceived by listeners as shaky voice quality. Severe VT can result in voice interruptions that sound similar to LD resulting in misdiagnosis by experts. Recent research shows poor reliability in distinguishing those with LD from other voice disorders, largely due to the reliance on perceptual assessment methods and a wide range of clinical criteria without evidence to guide accurate diagnostic approaches. This is particularly true of VT, a voice disorder without clearly documented clinical features such that classification is not possible using current movement disorder consensus-based tremor syndrome criteria. Accurate differential diagnosis of LD from VT is essential to effective treatment planning and management as well as for accurate clinical and epidemiologic characterization and classification. The goal of this research is to systematically characterize individuals with LD and VT using currently available and novel clinical tools to determine distinguishing clinical features highly predictive of their correct diagnosis. Clinical phenotypic features will be compared between groups using acoustic, aerodynamic, laryngeal electromyography (EMG), and nasoendoscopy to quantify periodicity and task-specificity of voice patterns. Novel assessment tools and measures will also be used to study body distribution, condition of speech symptoms, and regularity or intermittency/phoneme-specificity of speech structure movement (kinematic) patterns using real-time magnetic resonance imaging and nasoendoscopy recordings during sustained phonation compared to voice- and voiceless-loaded sentences. Computational modeling will be used to assess aerodynamic, laryngeal EMG and speech structure kinematic patterns to simulate patient-specific acoustic output predictive of group membership as VT or LD. Outcomes of this research will significantly advance our clinical and scientific knowledge regarding optimal clinical tools and measures of LD and VT clinical features that result in a precise diagnosis of these neurological speech disorders.
INTRODUCTION: Image-guided spine injections are an important tool in the management of patients with a variety of spinal pathologies. Our practice offers radiologist-performed fluoroscopy-guided interlaminar cervical epidural steroid injection (ESI) routinely performed in the outpatient setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes and improvement in pain scores after radiologist-performed cervical ESI.
METHODS: An institutional database was used to retrospectively identify cervical injections performed between October 2016 and October 2022. All injections were performed at the C7-T1 level utilizing 1.0 mL of 10 mg/mL dexamethasone without epidural anesthetic. The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was used to assess pain improvement. Cervical MRI was reviewed to assess pre-injection cervical disease severity. Patient charts were reviewed for any post-injection complications.
RESULTS: A total of 251 cervical injections in 186 patients met our inclusion criteria with mean clinical follow up of 28.5 months (range 0.2 - 73.0 months). No patients experienced any major complications after injection. Post-injection pain scores were available for 218 of 251 injections (86.9%) with mean follow-up of 11.8 days (range 6 - 57 days). There was a significant improvement in pain scores from a mean pre-injection NRS score of 5.2/10 to 3.0/10 (p < .0001). 117 patients (53.7%) reported ≥ 50% improvement after injection. Patients who had prior injection were more likely to report ≥ 50% pain improvement after subsequent injection (p = .012).
CONCLUSION: Radiologist-performed fluoroscopy-guided interlaminar cervical ESI at the C7-T1 level is a safe and effective tool in the management of patients with cervical pathology.
Methods and systems for diagnosing a bone disease related to collagen pathology in a subject are provided. These include providing a bone sample from the subject and determining a quantitative collagen morphology value of the bone sample. A reference value is provided from a non-affected control subject where the reference value is a quantitative collagen morphology value from the same type of bone sample obtained from a population of non-affected control subjects. The quantitative collagen morphology value of the subject's bone sample is compared to the reference value. If the collagen morphology value is altered versus the reference value, the subject is diagnosed as having a collagen related bone disease. The collagen morphology value can include mean fibril spacings and distributions of the fibril spacings taken from a subject's bone sample.
INTRODUCTION: Renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is a rare vascular disease with a mortality rate of up to 80% upon rupture. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of ex situ repair and autotransplantation for endovascularly untreatable RAA.
METHODS: A retrospective nationwide cohort study was conducted in RAA patients undergoing ex situ repair and autotransplantation in the Netherlands. Surgical techniques, postoperative complications, and graft outcomes were assessed.
RESULTS: Ex situ repair was performed in 9 patients with 11 RAAs. Eight RAAs were located at the first bifurcation, one on the main trunk, one on the first branch, and one on the second branch. Nephrectomy was performed via laparoscopy (n = 7), robotic-assisted laparoscopy (n = 1), and laparotomy (n = 1). Postoperative complications were recorded in 4 patients, including bowel obstruction, delirium, pneumonia, and hydronephrosis due to double-J dislocation. The median estimated glomerular filtration rate was 83 mL/min/1.73 m2 pretransplant and 88 mL/min/1.73 m2 posttransplant. By an average follow-up of 32 months, 2 patients had died due to lung adenocarcinoma and stroke, while all autotransplanted kidneys had good patency and remained functional.
CONCLUSIONS: Ex situ repair and autotransplantation are safe and feasible for endovascularly untreatable RAA cases. Larger cohorts with longer follow-up periods are necessary to further evaluate the role of this surgical approach.
The invention relates to a medicine technical field. Etoposide has broad-spectrum anticancer activity and rather high therapeutic index, however, the etoposide hardly can be dissolved in water and the fat-soluble property is rather poor, the shortcoming of low bioavailability exists to different extent in oral preparations for present clinical use, tablet and soft capsule, for example. The invention aims at improving the hydrophilic property and the lipotropy of the etoposide, promoting the bioavailability of the etoposide and providing an etoposide preparation which has a simple preparation technique and is easily taken. Main medicine of the preparation of the invention is phospholipid compound of etoposide. The invention also provides a self-emulsifying agent and a preparation method thereof. The zooperies is a primary indication that the ACU of the self-emulsifying agent of the phospholipid compound of etoposide is 1.3 to 1.7 times of that of the soft capsules on sale.
FIELD: surgical facilities. SUBSTANCE: raw material from pancreas of slaughtered livestock completed with small intestine mucous tissue, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium chloride is utilized. Biomass is diluted with water, thermally equilibrated, placed into refrigerator for water extraction of enzymes, filtered off, and squeezed. Residue is mixed with more water and refiltered off. Aqueous extracts are combined and benzoic and boric acids are added. Biomass is used to impregnate hygroscopic material, which is then subjected to lyophilic drying. Product in the form of plates is tightly packed into polyethylene bags. EFFECT: improved therapeutic effect of dressings. 2 cl, 5 tbl, 2 ex
Clinical studies have not shown any drug interactions between bicalutamide and LHRH analogs (goserelin or leuprolide). There is no evidence that bicalutamide induces hepatic enzymes. 

In vitro studies have shown that R-bicalutamide is an inhibitor of CYP 3A4 with lesser inhibitory effects on CYP 2C9, 2C19 and 2D6 activity. Clinical studies have shown that with co-administration of CASODEX, mean midazolam (a CYP 3A4 substrate) levels may be increased 1.5-fold (for Cmax) and 1.9-fold (for AUC). Hence, caution should be exercised when CASODEX is co-administered with CYP 3A4 substrates.

In vitro protein binding studies have shown that bicalutamide can displace coumarin anticoagulants from binding sites. PT/INR should be closely monitored in patients concomitantly receiving coumarin anticoagulants and CASODEX. Adjustment of the anticoagulant dose may be necessary [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
PURPOSE:To provide a cleansing agent composition having high cleansing ability for fluorine-based foundations, comprising a fluoropolymer having in the molecule both perfluoroalkyl and alkyl groups, a liquid oily base and, optionally, a surfactant. CONSTITUTION:The composition comprising (A) a fluoropolymer having in the molecule both perfluoroalkyl and alkyl groups (e.g. a polymer such as polyamide, polyester or polystyrene, substituted with both perfluoroalkyl and alkyl groups, being 2000-500000 in molecular weight) and (B) a liquid oily base (e.g. liquid paraffin, squalane) and, pref. (C) a surfactant (e.g. polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyether-modified silicone). This composition can quickly, efficiently cleanse not only conventional make stains but also such make stains due to fluorocosmetics hard to remove by conventional cleansing agents.
The first group will be subjected to RAGT for 9 weeks (2 sessions/ week) with a total of 18 sessions by mean of GE-O System (9). During each session, the patients will practice 15 to 20 min of simulated floor walking followed by 5 to 10 min of repetitive simulated stair climbing up and down. Breaks will be optional, but uninterrupted training intervals of at least 5 min for simulated floor walking and 3 min of simulated stair climbing will be required. When the patient reaches the maximum amount of time, speed of gait will then be progressively increased. Each session will last up to 50 minutes, the first 30 minutes will be dedicated to gait training and the last 20 minutes to stretch the lower limb's muscles.
159,957. Farmachidis, C. Dec. 4, 1919. Medicines for internal use.-A medicine for use in cases of diabetes mellitus is made by removing adherent flesh from ox tonsils and then cutting them up and macerating in a solution of carbonate of soda containing alcohol for 24 hours. The mixture of tonsils and solution is then placed in a linen bag and compressed. The expressed liquid is diluted with a saturated solution of carbonate of soda and filtered. A suitable flavouring tincture is added to the filtrate, which is then ready for use. The residues in the bag and on the filter may be worked up a second time.
A composition including a bait and a borate is used to mitigate a population of target insects and/or mollusca. The composition may include attractive by-products of agriculture and manufacturing with or without semiochemicals or biopesticides prepared as point source units (such as pellets or microcapsules). The by-products attract insects and/or mollusca to a food source for the purpose of mitigating the target organism. The bait is combined with borates and is pelletized and/or encapsulated into micron size particles. The pelletized and/or encapsulated particles are broadcast (spread) over areas infested with the target insect. The insects ingest the composition and regurgitate the composition to the remainder of the insect population. Significant mitigation of the population of the target insects results with little to no effect on the environment. The composition is also passed on to the next generation due to cannibalism of the target insects. A feed through process wherein the composition is fed to an animal and is contained in the manure of the animal deposited as a point source location. The composition is either mixed in with the food of the animal or placed directly in the gut of the animal using a ball and gun method. The target insects are attracted to the manure and upon ingesting the manure, ingest the composition and are dispatched.
Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 pandemic, thousands of articles on the topic have been published, and although there is a growing trend of research on another associated condition, long coronavirus disease, important points still remain to be clarified in this respect. Robust evidence has suggested a relevant link between new clinical discoveries and molecular mechanisms that could be associated with the manifestations of different signs and symptoms involving cases of long COVID. However, one of the existing gaps that requires further investigation concerns a possible relationship between gut candidiasis and long COVID. While recent studies also suggest an interplay between the occurrence of these two conditions, it is not yet fully clear how this may happen, as well as the specifics regarding the possible pathophysiological mechanisms involved. In this connection and with the advent of a potential strengthening of the body of evidence supporting the hypothesis of a link between gut candidiasis and long COVID, a better understanding of the clinical presentation, pathophysiology and clinical management of such a relationship should be essential and useful for both, additional advances towards more targeted research and appropriate case management. Knowing more about the signs, symptoms, and complications associated with cases of long COVID is essential in order to more effectively mitigate the related burden and provide a higher quality of care and life for the affected population. In light of this and the need for better outcomes, here we review and discuss the content on different aspects of long COVID, including its pathophysiology and the existing evidence of a potential relationship between such a condition and gut candidiasis, as well as suggest propositions for future related research.