anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In accordance with the present invention, there are provided stabilized total nutrient admixture (TNA) compositions which are useful for the in vivo parenteral delivery of pharmacologically acceptable lipids or fats, as well as methods for the preparation thereof. In particular, the pharmacologically acceptable lipid or fat is contained within a protein walled shell. In a particular embodiment of the invention, a TNA composition using human serum albumin (HSA) as a stabilizer has been prepared as a convenient three-in-one formulation (i.e., containing a fat emulsion, dextrose, and amino acids plus electrolytes). This “three-in-one” formulation can be prepared in liquid form or in dry form (comprising submicron-sized nanoparticles). The dried material is stable, even under long term storage, and is easily reconstituted immediately before use by simply adding sterile water (with or without vitamin supplementation) This serves to rehydrate the powder into a TNA suitable for injection. The long shelf life, ease of reconstitution, and single-component injectability of invention compositions provide significant cost savings, as such compositions can be reconstituted and administered safely, even in the home. In addition, HSA, the stabilizing agent of choice for use in the practice of the present invention, has been shown to improve survival and wellness when given as a supplement to patients receiving conventional forms of total nutrient admixtures.
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is closely correlated with tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate the effects of host norepinephrine on the carcinogenicity of F. nucleatum in CRC and reveal the underlying mechanism. The results revealed that both norepinephrine and bacterial quorum sensing (QS) molecule auto-inducer-2 (AI-2) were positively associated with the progression of F. nucleatum related CRC (p < 0.01). In vitro studies, norepinephrine induced upregulation of QS-associated genes and promoted the virulence and proliferation of F. nucleatum. Moreover, chronic stress significantly increased the colon tumour burden of ApcMin/+ mice infected with F. nucleatum (p < 0.01), which was decreased by a catecholamine inhibitor (p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that stress-induced norepinephrine may promote the progression of F. nucleatum related CRC via bacterial QS signalling. These preliminary data provide a novel strategy for the management of pathogenic bacteria by targeting host hormones-bacterial QS inter-kingdom signalling.
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves the use of biopreparation of the known culture of plant tissue Poliscias filicifolia (plant adaptogene of Aralium family) as an antiteratogenic agent. Preparation shows antioxidant properties that normalize enzyme activity of antioxidant protection: catalase, superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin, the level of lipid peroxidation and also - enzymes of energetic metabolism: creatine kinase and enolase isoform in embryo brain in the process of alcoholic syndrome development in fetus. Proposed preparation ensures to provide necessary antiembryotoxic level of antiteratogenic agent. EFFECT: increased effectiveness of agent proposed. 2 cl, 6 tbl
Purpose: To compare the effects of 16-week multicomponent and resistance trainings on cognition and physical performances related to falls in oldest old people living in community; to analyze the same variables after 6-week detraining. Method: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 69 community elderly over 80 years, sedentary and without cognitive disorder. Participants were allocated to control, multicomponent training or resistance training group. The multicomponent group performed a protocol involving warm-up, aerobic, strength, balance and cool-down exercises. The resistance group underwent to strength exercises using six machines: leg press, chest press, calf, back extension, abdominal and rowing. The control group did not perform any intervention. The trainings had progressive intensity, lasted 16 weeks and included three 1-hour sessions per week. The participants were evaluated at baseline, at the end of 16-week training and at 6-week detraining. The assessment consisted of anamnesis, depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), cognition (Montreal cognitive assessment), dual task walking (associated to cognitive and motor tasks), balance (unipedal and tandem tests), strength of lower limbs (sit-to-stand test) and history of falls. For statistical analysis by intention to treat, we adopted a significance level of α=0.05.
Ischemic stroke is a common intravascular disease and one of the leading causes of death and disability. The salidroside derivative SHPL-49, which we previously synthesized, significantly attenuates cerebral ischemic injury in a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. To explore the neuroprotective mechanism of SHPL-49, the effects of SHPL-49 on the expression levels of neurotrophic factors in neurons and microglia and the polarization of microglia were investigated in the present study. SHPL-49 activated the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway, decreased the number of degenerated neurons, and accelerated neurogenesis in rats with cerebral ischemia. In addition, SHPL-49 promoted the polarization of microglia toward the M2 phenotype to alleviate neuroinflammation. In BV2 cells, SHPL-49 upregulated CD206 mRNA and protein levels and inhibited CD86 mRNA and protein levels. SHPL-49 also increased neurotrophic factor secretion in BV2 cells, which indirectly promoted the survival of primary neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Proteomics analysis revealed that SHPL-49 promoted growth-associated protein 43 (Gap43) expression. SHPL-49 enhanced synaptic plasticity and increased Gap43 protein levels via activation of the BDNF pathway in the OGD primary neuron model. These results indicate that SHPL-49 prevents cerebral ischemic injury by activating neurotrophic factor pathways and altering microglial polarization. Thus, SHPL-49 is a potential neuroprotective agent.
Current recommendations established in 1998, specify that all women capable of becoming pregnant consume 400 micrograms of folate daily from supplements, fortified foods, or both, in addition to consuming food folate from a varied diet. Despite this recommendation, obese women have a lower folate status than women of normal weight which suggests that obesity may have a negative impact on folate metabolism. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine if there are differences in the metabolic response to a single dose of folate between normal weight and obese women of child bearing age. The two groups of women will be given the currently recommended amount of folic acid, 400 micrograms, and blood samples will be taken before the vitamin is given and at various points afterwards to determine serum folate response to the folate dose. Results of this research should help determine if folate requirements are higher for obese than for non-obese women. The long-term goal of this and follow-up studies is to generate data that will contribute to the evidence base used by scientific advisory panels to determine whether dietary folate intake recommendations should be based on body weight.
Recently, leveraging deep neural networks for automated colorectal polyp segmentation has emerged as a hot topic due to the favored advantages in evading the limitations of visual inspection, e.g., overwork and subjectivity. However, most existing methods do not pay enough attention to the uncertain areas of colonoscopy images and often provide unsatisfactory segmentation performance. In this paper, we propose a novel boundary uncertainty aware network (BUNet) for precise and robust colorectal polyp segmentation. Specifically, considering that polyps vary greatly in size and shape, we first adopt a pyramid vision transformer encoder to learn multi-scale feature representations. Then, a simple yet effective boundary exploration module (BEM) is proposed to explore boundary cues from the low-level features. To make the network focus on the ambiguous area where the prediction score is biased to neither the foreground nor the background, we further introduce a boundary uncertainty aware module (BUM) that explores error-prone regions from the high-level features with the assistance of boundary cues provided by the BEM. Through the top-down hybrid deep supervision, our BUNet implements coarse-to-fine polyp segmentation and finally localizes polyp regions precisely. Extensive experiments on five public datasets show that BUNet is superior to thirteen competing methods in terms of both effectiveness and generalization ability.
Bleached tobacco raw material comprising less than about 4 weight-% fermentable carbohydrates, calculated on the dry total weight of the bleached tobacco raw material. Smoking tobacco composition comprising the bleached tobacco raw material. Smokeless tobacco composition comprising the bleached tobacco raw material. Nasal snuff comprising the smokeless tobacco composition. Oral smokeless tobacco product comprising the smokeless tobacco composition. A process for production of bleached tobacco raw material comprising: (a) treating tobacco raw material at acidic pH at about 70° C. to about 180° C. with sulfite ion; (b) defibrating the tobacco raw; and (c) treating the defibrated material with a bleaching agent at about 60° C. to about 90° C. Bleached tobacco raw material for use in the treatment of nicotine addiction.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disease of muscle characterized by a progressive loss of functional muscle mass, which is replaced with fibrofatty tissue. Historically, boys with DMD lose the ability to walk between the ages of 8-12 years, due to progressive weakness of the quadriceps coupled with the development of contractures at the hip, knee and ankle. This progressive loss in function necessitates individuals with DMD to spend less time walking and more time in wheelchairs, leading to the development of spinal deformities. Recently, corticosteroids have been shown to reduce the expected loss of muscle strength, extend the time that ambulation and standing are maintained, and minimize or eliminate spinal deformity in individuals with DMD; yet, the side effects of such treatment preclude use in some patients. To date, differences in gait patterns and other markers of disease progression between boys on corticosteroids and those not utilizing such treatment have not been objectively quantified. This lack of knowledge is a major obstacle to determining the most effective treatment for subsets of boys with DMD.
Liver cirrhosis is the consequence of chronicisation and of the evolution of untreated liver diseases. The complexity of the disease and the complications it can cause have been and are still intensively researched, aiming to discover new therapies or improve existing ones for the effective management of liver cirrhosis. Currently, the treatment used is directed against the cause that caused the disease, if it is known; in advanced cases, liver transplantation is the only valid therapeutic option. Hepatoprotectors that are currently on the market are numerous, having as common properties the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, stabilizing properties of the hepatocytic membrane; A few examples: the ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa, the extract from the plant called Sophora flavescens, the extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra, silymarin (extracted from Sylibum marianum), the extract of Ganoderma lucidum, etc. Liver cirrhosis is accompanied by generalized hypovitaminosis, so supplementing the diet with hydro- and liposoluble vitamins is mandatory. Protein-caloric malnutrition can be prevented by a hyperprotein diet, especially beneficial being the supplementation with branched-chain amino acids, which are also applicable in the prophylaxis and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Nanoparticles are a state-of-the-art therapeutic option, proving increased bioavailability, for example polydopamine nanoparticles loaded with l-arginine have been tested as therapy in liver cirrhosis. Among the innovative treatment directions in liver cirrhosis are hybrid products (e.g. hybrid polymer nanoparticles loaded with caffeic acid), cell cultures and artificial or bioartificial liver support.
BACKGROUND: The retrocaval ureter is a rare congenital anomaly resulting from abnormal development of the inferior vena cava. The obstruction is usually at the retrocaval segment of the ureter, as it lies between the inferior vena cava and the body of the third lumbar vertebra. Computed tomography intravenous urography is the gold standard for investigating this condition and can reveal ipsilateral hydronephrosis and the fishhook sign or sickle sign of the proximal ureter, depending on the type of retrocaval ureter.
CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 30-year-old African female who presented with intermittent dull right flank pain for 3 years. Computed tomography intravenous urography revealed isolated moderate right hydronephrosis with a fishhook sign in the proximal ureter. Surgical correction was performed, and the patient was followed for 6 months with improved renal function.
CONCLUSION: Surgery remains the sole definitive management of the retrocaval ureter for symptomatic patients and those with worsening hydronephrosis or differential renal function.
The selection of schools into the study will involve three (3) sampling levels. At the first level, acknowledging the division of secondary schools in the district into urban and rural, one matched-pair will be randomly selected from urban area, and another matched pair will be randomly selected from rural area. At the second level, randomisation of the school is carried out. The 2 schools in each of the matched-pair will be randomly allocated to intervention and control group. At the third level, six (6) classrooms from moderate academic performance level will be selected (2 classrooms from Form 3, Form 4, and Form 5, respectively). Students who fulfil the inclusion criteria will be invited to participate in the study. The randomisation sequence will be carried out by the statistician at the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya
Patients should apply a thin layer of Imiquimod Cream once a day to the external genital/perianal warts until total clearance or for up to 8 weeks. Patients should use up to 0.25 grams (one full actuation of the pump) at each application, which is a sufficient amount of cream to cover the wart area. Imiquimod Cream should be applied prior to normal sleeping hours and left on the skin for approximately 8 hours, then removed by washing the area with mild soap and water. The prescriber should demonstrate the proper application technique to maximize the benefit of Imiquimod Cream therapy.

Patients should wash their hands before and after applying Imiquimod Cream.

Local skin reactions at the treatment site are common [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)], and may necessitate a rest period of several days; resume treatment once the reaction subsides. Non-occlusive dressings, such as cotton gauze or cotton underwear, may be used in the management of skin reactions.

Prescribe up to two 7.5 g pumps for the total treatment course. Use of excessive amounts of cream should be avoided.
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) has become a common disease in adult men that can seriously reduce the quality of life of patients, and new therapies are urgently needed. miRNA-100 has many targets and can induce autophagy and reduce fibrosis by inhibiting the mTOR pathway and the TGF-β pathway. However, no research has been conducted with miR-100 in the field of DMED, and the specific mechanism of action is still unclear.
OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the effects of miR-100 on corpus cavernosum tissue of DMED rats and vascular endothelial cells in a high glucose environment and to elucidate the relevant mechanisms in autophagy, fibrosis and inflammation to find a new approach for the DMED therapy.
METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups: the control group, the DMED group, and the DMED + miR-100 group. Using intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin, all rats except the control group were modeled with diabetes mellitus, which was verified using the apomorphine (APO) test. For rats in the DMED + miR-100 group, rno-miR-100-5p agomir (50 nmol/kg, every 2 days, 6 times in total) was injected via the tail vein. After 13 weeks, the erectile function of each rat was assessed using cavernous manometry, and the corpus cavernosum tissue was harvested for subsequent experiments. For cellular experiments, human coronary microartery endothelial cells (HCMEC) were divided into four groups: the control group, the high-glucose (HG, 40 mM) group, the HG + mimic group, and the HG + inhibitor group. The cells were cultured for 6 days and collected for subsequent experiments 2 days after transfection.
RESULTS: Diabetic modeling impaired the erectile function in rats, and miR-100 reversed this effect. By measuring autophagy-related proteins such as mTOR/Raptor/Beclin1/p62/LC3B, we found that miR-100 could suppress the expression of mTOR and induce autophagy. The analysis of the eNOS/NO/cGMP axis function indicated that impaired endothelial function was improved by miR-100. By evaluating the TGF-β1/CTGF/Smad2/3 and NF-κB/TNF-α pathways, we found that miR-100 could lower the level of inflammation and fibrosis, which contributed to the improvement of the erectile function. Cellular experiments can be used as supporting evidence for these findings.
CONCLUSION: MiR-100 can improve the erectile function by inhibiting mTOR and thus inducing autophagy, improving the endothelial function through the eNOS/NO/cGMP axis, and exerting antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects, which may provide new ideas and directions for the treatment of DMED.
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) from Akershus University Hospital in Norway. Randomization between two implants. The investigators will use deltopectoral or deltoid split as surgical access. All patients will have calcar screws and cuff sutures. When lack of bone for example after decompressing valgus compressed fractures, a bone-substitute might be used in the surgeons preference. Follow up in outpatient clinic at 6, 12, 52 and 104 weeks, but also a 5 year follow up is planned. Postoperative radiographs of both shoulders and CT of operated shoulder will be taken.
BACKGROUND: Reducing wasteful practices optimizes value in medicine. Docusate lacks treatment efficacy yet is widely prescribed. This quality improvement project aimed to de-implement docusate in place of a new evidence-based order set.
METHODS: This is an ambidirectional study of inpatient laxative orders from 2018 to 2022 ​at one institution. We stratified docusate data by service/unit to target prospective deimplementation initiatives. A new evidence-based constipation order set was embedded in Cerner.
RESULTS: There were 701,732 docusate orders across 75 services on 68 units. Top docusate ordering services were Trauma, Obstetrics and Hospitalist. Docusate administration rates were higher than for other laxatives. Our efforts reduced docusate orders by 44% over 4 months. PEG and senna orders increased by 58% and 35%.
CONCLUSION: Docusate has no efficacy yet is widely prescribed. A structured de-implementation strategy can drive systematic change by leveraging technology and applying multidisciplinary improvement efforts. Our work removed docusate from the inpatient formulary.
You and your child will be enrolled into the study during your child's scheduled surgery at DCH. Your child's surgery, anesthesia plan, and recovery will not change because of your participation in this study. Following discharge from the hospital, the study team will give you two follow-up phone calls that will take approximately 15 minutes. During these phone calls, we will ask you about your child's pain, any nausea or vomiting that has occurred, your child's intake of liquid and food, your child's activity level, and the medications they have been given over the course of the 5 days post-operation. Along with talking over the phone, we will ask you to document this information. After the post-operation day 6 phone call, you and your child will not be asked any additional questions for research purposes and we will ask you to return any documents you were given by the study team. Within 30 days of your and your child's participation in the study, the research team will pull medical information from your child's electronic medical record. Your child's electronic medical record will be reviewed to obtain demographic information such as date of birth, age, weight, ethnicity, medical history, and status information will also be collected such as allergies, potential complications, any pain scores collected during your child's post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, and medical visits. 30 days after your child's surgery, you and your child will no longer be enrolled in this research study.
Organisms learn to gain reward and avoid punishment through action-outcome associations. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a critical framework to understand individual differences in this associative learning by assessing learning rate, action bias, pavlovian factor (i.e., the extent to which action values are influenced by stimulus values), and subjective impact of outcomes (i.e., motivation to seek reward and avoid punishment). Nevertheless, how these individual-level metrics are represented in the brain remains unclear. The current study leveraged fMRI in healthy humans and a probabilistic learning go/no-go task to characterize the neural correlates involved in learning to seek reward and avoid pain. Behaviorally, participants showed a higher learning rate during pain avoidance relative to reward seeking. Additionally, the subjective impact of outcomes was greater for reward trials and associated with lower response randomness. Our imaging findings showed that individual differences in learning rate and performance accuracy during avoidance learning were positively associated with activities of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, midcingulate cortex, and postcentral gyrus. In contrast, the pavlovian factor was represented in the precentral gyrus and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) during pain avoidance and reward seeking, respectively. Individual variation of the subjective impact of outcomes was positively predicted by activation of the left posterior cingulate cortex. Finally, action bias was represented by the supplementary motor area (SMA) and pre-SMA whereas the SFG played a role in restraining this action tendency. Together, these findings highlight for the first time the neural substrates of individual differences in the computational processes during RL.
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the most common sexually transmitted bacterium globally. Endocervical and vaginal microbiome interactions are rarely examined within the context of Ct or among vulnerable populations. We evaluated 258 vaginal and 92 paired endocervical samples from Fijian women using metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Over 37% of the microbiomes could not be classified into sub-community state types (subCSTs). We, therefore, developed subCSTs IV-D0, IV-D1, IV-D2, and IV-E-dominated primarily by Gardnerella vaginalis-to improve classification. Among paired microbiomes, the endocervix had a significantly higher alpha diversity and, independently, higher diversity for high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes compared to low-risk and no HPV. Ct-infected endocervical networks had smaller clusters without interactions with potentially beneficial Lactobacillus spp. Overall, these data suggest that G. vaginalis may generate polymicrobial biofilms that predispose to and/or promote Ct and possibly HPV persistence and pathogenicity. Our findings expand on the existing repertoire of endocervical and vaginal microbiomes and fill in knowledge gaps regarding Pacific Islanders.