anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: Gastroparesis is a chronic disorder characterized by decreased gastric emptying and presents with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain which impacts patients' quality of life greatly. The treatment modalities available for gastroparesis have been expanding over the past 2 decades. Currently, there are multiple options available for gastroparesis, albeit with only one FDA-approved medication until June 2021.
AREAS COVERED: We review the different treatments available for gastroparesis and discuss the recently FDA-approved intranasal formulation of metoclopramide. This nasal spray guarantees metoclopramide absorption within 15 min of application bypassing first pass metabolism in the liver and overcoming the limitations of the oral formulation not passing into the small intestine for absorption because of a gastroparetic stomach or a patient unable to take the oral metoclopramide because of nausea and vomiting.
EXPERT OPINION: We now find ourselves in an oasis after spending many years in a 'desert' regarding pharmacologic therapies available for gastroparesis. The expansion of the research involving dopamine receptor antagonists and delving into alternative mechanisms of alleviating gastroparesis symptoms has been crucial in the landscape of gastroparesis. This is especially true as our knowledge of gastroparesis has proven that simply improving gastric emptying does not necessarily translate to clinical improvement.
Nematodes belonging to the genus Oesophagostomum frequently infect wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) across widely separated field sites. Nodular lesions (granulomas) containing Oesophagostomum are commonly seen in the abdomen of infected chimpanzees post-mortem. At Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, previous studies have identified larvae of a variety of Oesophagostomum spp. in wild chimpanzee stool, based on sequencing of larval DNA, and nodular lesions associated with Oesophagostomum, identified morphologically to the genus level but not sequenced. Here we present three recent cases of parasitic granulomas found post-mortem in chimpanzees at Taï. We complement descriptions of gross pathology, histopathology and parasitology with PCR and sequencing of DNA isolated from the parasitic nodules and from adult worms found inside the nodules. In all three cases, we identify Oesophagostomum stephanostomum as the causative agent. The sequences from this study were identical to the only other published sequences from nodules in nonhuman primates-those from the wild chimpanzees of Gombe, Tanzania.
Episodes of solitude (being alone and without social interaction) are common in older age and can relate to decreased well-being. Identifying everyday resources that help maintain older adults' well-being in states of solitude is thus important. We investigated associations of daily solitude with subjective and physical well-being under consideration of time-savoring (i.e., attending to positive experiences and upregulating positive emotions). 108 older adults aged 65-92 years (M = 73.11, SD = 5.93; 58% women; 85% born in Switzerland) took part in an app-based daily diary study in 2022. Over 14 consecutive days, participants reported daily solitude, time-savoring, depressive mood, loneliness, and somatic symptoms in an end-of-day diary. Multilevel models revealed that participants reported higher depressive mood and loneliness, but not higher somatic symptoms on days on which they spent more time in solitude than usual. Higher-than-usual daily time-savoring was associated with lower depressive mood, loneliness, and somatic symptoms. Associations of solitude with depressive mood, loneliness, and somatic symptoms were weaker on days on which higher time-savoring than usual was reported. Findings highlight the potential of everyday time-savoring as a resource in older adults in the context of increased solitude.
Due to the emerging global epidemic of obesity, developing safe and effective agents for anti-obesity is urgently needed. Our previous study found that 2-pyrimidinylindole derivative Wd3d exhibited potential anti-obesity activity. Herein, to further optimize the potential moiety, structural modifications were proceeded for two rounds in this study. Firstly, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated 36 new derivatives of 2-pyrimidinylindole scaffold with different substituents on the indole ring and pyrimidine ring to investigate their structure-activity relationship (SAR). Then, analogs with potent activity had the aldehyde group replaced with the acylhydrazone group to reduce cytotoxicity and improve metabolic stability. Detailed SAR studies and animal evaluation experiments led to the discovery of the compound 9ga, which significantly reduced TG accumulation with an EC50 value of 0.07 μM and showed relatively low cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of around 24 μM. Oral administration of 9ga effectively prevented the excessive growth of body weight and lessened fat mass as well as liver mass, decreased lipid accumulation in the liver and blood, and improved the heart injury parameter in the diet-induced obesity mouse model significantly better than Wd3d. A mechanism study showed that 9ga regulated the lipid metabolism during early adipogenesis by inhibiting PPARγ pathway. In conclusion, our study further highlights the anti-obesity potential of 2-pyrimidinylindole derivatives in diet-induced obesity.
This is a Phase I study evaluating the safety of adjuvant hypofractionated whole pelvis radiation therapy (WPRT) in endometrial cancer. The primary objective of the study is to determine the maximum tolerated dose per fraction (MTDF), defined by acceptable acute clinician-reported GI and GU toxicity and patient-reported GI toxicity, of WPRT from among the two study dose levels. Acute GI and GU toxicity will be assessed according to both the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 5.0, and Patient Reported Outcome-CTCAE (PRO-CTCAE). Clinician-reported dose-limiting toxicity (C-DLT) is a binary outcome (yes/no), defined as an acute grade 3 or higher GI or GU per CTCAE, occurring within three months of completing WPRT. Patient-reported DLT (P-DLT) is a binary outcome, defined by a GI toxicity with a score of ≥4 on the 5-point scale per PRO-CTCAE, occurring within three months of completing WPRT. The MTDF is defined as the minimum of the dose with a C-DLT rate closest to the clinician-reported target C-DLT rate of 20% and the dose with a P-DLT rate closest to the patient-reported target P-DLT rate of 55%. Toxicity results of NRG-RTOG 1203- A Randomized Phase III Study of Standard vs. IMRT Pelvic Radiation for Post-Operative Treatment of Endometrial and Cervical Cancer- were used to define the acceptable percentage of DLTs. The study will accrue participants in cohorts of size 3. The starting dose level will be dose level 1 (41.25 Gy in 15 fx).
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by episodic dysfunction of central nervous system. The most basic mechanism of epilepsy falls to the imbalance between excitation and inhibition. In adults, GABAA receptor (GABAAR) is the main inhibitory receptor to prevent neurons from developing hyperexcitability, while its inhibition relies on the low intracellular chloride anion concentration ([Cl-]i). Neuronal-specific electroneutral K+-Cl- cotransporter (KCC2) can mediate chloride efflux to lower [Cl-]i for GABAAR mediated inhibition. Our previous study has revealed that the coordinated downregulation of KCC2 and GABAAR participates in epilepsy. According to a high-throughout screen for compounds that reduce [Cl-]i, CLP290 turns out to be a specific KCC2 functional modulator. In current study, we first confirmed that CLP290 could dose-dependently suppress convulsant-induced seizures in mice in vivo as well as the epileptiform burst activities in cultured hippocampal neurons in vitro. Then, we discovered that CLP290 functioned through preventing the downregulation of the KCC2 phosphorylation at Ser940 and hence the KCC2 membrane expression during convulsant stimulation, and consequently restored the GABA inhibition. In addition, while CLP290 was given in early epileptogenesis period, it also effectively decreased the spontaneous recurrent seizures. Generally, our current results demonstrated that CLP290, as a specific KCC2 modulator by enhancing KCC2 function, not only inhibits the occurrence of the ictal seizures, but also suppresses the epileptogenic process. Therefore, we believe KCC2 may be a suitable target for future anti-epileptic drug development.
After national breast cancer screening was introduced in Sweden in 1989-90 the number of early invasive BC, clin N0 rose dramatically. Only 10 % or less of these was N+ after axillary dissection with a substantial morbidity after the axillary intervention. Omitting axillary dissection in a randomized trial was ruled out because of anticipated few events. A national cohort was decided for invasive unifocal BC, Screening or clinical diagnosis were eligible, only histological grade 1 or 2, T=max 10mm, free margins , clinical node negative. No axillary dissection should be undertaken, only radical removal of the breast cancer. (Note; This was before the Sentinel Node era). Adjuvant treatment could be given according to regional guidelines for early breast cancer as no regular national guidelines existed then concerning postoperative radiotherapy and antihormonal treatment. Chemotherapy was not recommended to this type of breast cancer. Follow-up was done by the treating surgeon the first 5 years including mammography. Then hospital records including mammography and reports from Pathology and Oncology and Death register were followed at intervals 5, 10 and 15 years. Primary aim: Number of axillary recurrence and distant metastases/ BC specific survival. Correlation to adjuvant therapy. Inclusion started in 1997 and ended in 2002. 1584 patients were included. If the axillary recurrence rate was more than 1% per year the first five years the inclusion should be stopped.
Subjects will have weekly psychotherapy sessions and fill out study questionnaires. The participant's 4th psychotherapy session will be conducted while the patient undergoes WBH-control where subjects will be induced to levels of heat that causes only a minor increase in body temperature.
Patients in this group will undergo a catheter-interventional treatment within 60 min. after randomization. Fibrinolytic treatment will be prepared parallel to interventional treatment preparations to avoid any delay in its administration, if clinically necessary. Catheter-interventional treatment may include any certified devices for the treatment of PE including aspiration thrombectomy, local fibrinolytic therapy, local ultrasound treatment as assistance to local fibrinolysis or any combination of these. Transfemoral venous access routes will be used for any catheter-directed treatment using sheath-sizes as recommended in the IFUs by the respective manufacturers. Sheaths will be withdrawn immediately after catheter-based thrombectomy or after completion of catheter-directed local fibrinolysis, typically 5 to 10 hours after initiation. The choice of the catheter types and sizes will be left to the treating interventionalists' discretion.
FIELD: organic chemistry, polymers, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention presents heterochelate oligomer or polymer of the following formula:   where A means sugar residue; L means binding group presented by the following formula:   where R 1  and R 2  mean independently lower alkyl, aralkyl or aryl; X means a single bond or -CH 2 -CH 2 -; Z means group forming unsaturated ester or ether or functional group, for example, halogen atom that is bound with -CH 2 -CH 2 -; n means whole number = 5-10 000; m means whole number = 0 or 2-10 000. Invention relates also to method of synthesis of the above indicated oligomer or polymer and, except for, high- molecular micelles using polyethylene oxide block-copolymer that comprises saccharide residue by its end. Indicated oligomer or polymer shows excellent bioavailability and will be used in such fields, for example, production of carriers for delivery of drugs or diagnostic reagents. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis, valuable properties. 14 cl, 7 dwg, 15 ex
OBJECTIVE: HIV treatment regimen during pregnancy was associated with preterm delivery (PTD) in the PROMISE 1077 BF trial. Systemic inflammation among pregnant women with HIV could help explain differences in PTD by treatment regimen. We assessed associations between inflammation, treatment regimen, and PTD.
DESIGN/METHODS: A nested 1 : 1 case-control study ( N  = 362) was conducted within a multicountry randomized trial comparing three HIV regimens in pregnant women: zidovudine alone, or combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) with lopinavir/ritonavir and either zidovudine or tenofovir. Cases were women with PTD (<37 weeks of gestational age). The following inflammatory biomarkers were measured in plasma samples using immunoassays: soluble CD14 (sCD14) and sCD163, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon γ, and tumor necrosis factor α. We fit regression models to assess associations between second trimester biomarkers (measured before ART initiation at 13-23 weeks of gestational age and 4 weeks later), treatment regimen, and PTD. We also assessed whether inflammation was a mediator in the relationship between ART regimen and PTD.
RESULTS: Persistently high interleukin-6 was associated with increased PTD. Compared with zidovudine alone, the difference in biomarker concentration between week 0 and week 4 was significantly higher ( P  < 0.05) for both protease inhibitor-based regimens. However, the estimated proportion of the ART effect on increased PTD mediated by persistently high biomarker levels was 5% or less for all biomarkers.
CONCLUSION: Persistently high IL-6 during pregnancy was associated with PTD. Although protease inhibitor-based ART was associated with increases in inflammation, factors other than inflammation likely explain the increased PTD in ART-based regimens compared with zidovudine alone.
XPOVIO can cause life-threatening neutropenia, potentially increasing the risk of infection [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. 

In patients with multiple myeloma who received XPOVIO 100 mg once weekly (BOSTON, n=195), neutropenia was reported in 48% of patients and severe neutropenia (Grade 3-4) was reported in 12% of patients. The median time to onset of the first event was 23 days for any grade neutropenia and 40 days for Grade 3-4 neutropenia. Febrile neutropenia was reported in <1% of patients. 

In patients with multiple myeloma who received XPOVIO 80 mg twice weekly (STORM, n=202), neutropenia was reported as an adverse reaction in 34% of patients and severe (Grade 3-4) neutropenia was reported in 21% of patients. The median time to onset of the first event was 25 days. Febrile neutropenia was reported in 3% of patients. 

In patients with DLBCL (SADAL, n=134), Grade 3 neutropenia developed in 21% of patients and Grade 4 neutropenia developed in 9% of patients. The median time to first onset of Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was 32 days. Febrile neutropenia was reported in 3% of patients. 

Obtain white blood cell counts with differential at baseline and throughout treatment. Monitor more frequently during the first three months of treatment. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of concomitant infection and evaluate promptly. Consider supportive measures, including antimicrobials and growth factors (e.g., G-CSF). Interrupt, reduce dose or permanently discontinue based on severity of adverse reaction [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)].
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in Canada, and is considered to be the most common disabling chronic condition. Approximately 40,000 to 50,000 people in Canada experience a stroke each year and about 80% of these people survive. Many of these people who survive a stroke never fully recover and are left with significant impairments and disabilities, and 12% to 25% will have another stroke within the first year. This results in a significant burden to individuals, families, and society as a whole. Of every 100 people who are hospitalized for a stroke, 15-40 return home and require home care services for rehabilitation. Stroke rehabilitation is one of the key components of stroke care. The goal of rehabilitation is to assist stroke survivors to reach his or her optimal level of physical, social, and emotional function.

Information gained from this study will be used to inform home care practice, policy decisions and the allocation of home care resources and make a national contribution to health care delivery reform.
Dystroglycan (Dag1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that links the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations in Dag1 or the genes required for its glycosylation result in dystroglycanopathy, a type of congenital muscular dystrophy characterized by a wide range of phenotypes including muscle weakness, brain defects, and cognitive impairment. We investigated interneuron (IN) development, synaptic function, and associated seizure susceptibility in multiple mouse models that reflect the wide phenotypic range of dystroglycanopathy neuropathology. Mice that model severe dystroglycanopathy due to forebrain deletion of Dag1 or Pomt2, which is required for Dystroglycan glycosylation, show significant impairment of CCK+/CB1R+ IN development. CCK+/CB1R+ IN axons failed to properly target the somatodendritic compartment of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus, resulting in synaptic defects and increased seizure susceptibility. Mice lacking the intracellular domain of Dystroglycan have milder defects in CCK+/CB1R+ IN axon targeting, but exhibit dramatic changes in inhibitory synaptic function, indicating a critical postsynaptic role of this domain. In contrast, CCK+/CB1R+ IN synaptic function and seizure susceptibility was normal in mice that model mild dystroglycanopathy due to partially reduced Dystroglycan glycosylation. Collectively, these data show that inhibitory synaptic defects and elevated seizure susceptibility are hallmarks of severe dystroglycanopathy, and show that Dystroglycan plays an important role in organizing functional inhibitory synapse assembly.
The Enhanced Usual Care arm also has two elements: 1) a letter that a) describes the nodule without linking it to smoking cessation (i.e. no teachable moment) with b) wording to contact an Optional IVR Quit line if desired and 2) the Optional IVR Quit line which a) offers smoking cessation resources and b) helps connect the patient to those resources.
Obesity imposes deficits on adipose tissue and vascular endothelium, yet the role that distinct adipose depots play in mediating endothelial dysfunction in local arteries remains unresolved. We recently showed that obesity impairs endothelial Kir2.1 channels, mediators of nitric oxide production, in arteries of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), while Kir2.1 function in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) endothelium remains intact. Therefore, we determined if VAT versus SAT from lean or diet-induced obese mice affected Kir2.1 channel function in vitro. We found that VAT from obese mice reduces Kir2.1 function without altering channel expression whereas AT from lean mice and SAT from obese mice had no effect on Kir2.1 function as compared to untreated control cells. As Kir2.1 is well known to be inhibited by fatty acid derivatives and obesity is strongly associated with elevated circulating fatty acids, we next tested the role of the fatty acid translocase CD36 in mediating VAT-induced Kir2.1 dysfunction. We found that the downregulation of CD36 restored Kir2.1 currents in endothelial cells exposed to VAT from obese mice. In addition, endothelial cells exposed to VAT from obese mice exhibited a significant increase in CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake. The importance of CD36 in obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction of VAT arteries was further supported in ex vivo pressure myography studies where CD36 ablation rescued the endothelium-dependent response to flow via restoring Kir2.1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase function. These findings provide new insight into the role of VAT in mediating obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction and suggest a novel role for CD36 as a mediator of endothelial Kir2.1 impairment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings suggest a role for visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in the dysfunction of endothelial Kir2.1 in obesity. We further reveal a role for CD36 as a major contributor to VAT-mediated Kir2.1 and endothelial dysfunction, suggesting that CD36 offers a potential target for preventing the early development of obesity-associated cardiovascular disease.
A tutorial action focused on a structured program of emotional education with 20 activities divided into 5 blocks with specific objectives. The program involves 34 hours of group work, one per week in the tutoring hour, throughout the 23-24 school year.
We aimed to determine whether sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) had a place as a treatment for headache, as well as its place as an anterior component of scalp block for supratentorial intracranial surgery. Using the keywords «sphenopalatine ganglion», «sphenopalatine ganglion block», «pain», «surgery» and «craniotomy» in PubMed and Google Scholar, we identified 14 relevant articles. The methods used to perform the block and the treatment of control groups differed between studies. The main outcomes studied were reduction in pain scores and hemodynamic variations during supratentorial intracranial surgery. All articles concluded that SPGB was equal or superior compared with other procedures. Although there are still several points to be studied, considering the ease of application, the low number of complications and the results of the studies, the use of SPGB for the headache treatment and in neurosurgery as an anterior component of scalp block seems appropriate.
Participants were eligible for Arm C under the conditions noted in the inclusion criteria. Participants in Arm C had colposcopy and directed biopsies at entry. If CIN2+ was found by biopsy, then LEEP was performed and a follow-up visit 26 weeks after these procedures was scheduled for the collection of cervical specimens, cytology, and as needed, cervical colposcopy, directed biopsies, and LEEP. After the week 26 visit, Arm C participants went off study.
PURPOSE: To obtain a nonionic surfactant having foaming, emulsifying and dispersing characteristics by reacting specific mercaptan with 1,2-isopropylidene 3-epoxy propyl glycerol and hydrolyzing a condensation product. CONSTITUTION: The compd. of formula I (where R1 =8-36C aliphat., cyclic aliphat. or the like, R2 =8-21C alkyl or the like, X=-O- or -S-, m=0 to 20, t, u and v=0 or 1) is reacted with the 1,2-isopropylidene 3-epoxy propyl glycerol of formula II. The condensation product is hydrolyzed and, if necessary, the mercaptan functional group is oxidized to sulfoxide by an oxidant, such as hydrogen peroxide. The resulted nonionic surface active compd. has a boundary characteristic, has a foamable compsn. and is used for medicaments, cosmetics or the like.
In the intervention group, in the prenatal period (\~37 weeks gestation) will watch a short training video on how to use the carrier, including a demonstration of safe and ergonomic use. The home visitor will support the client in practicing using the carrier and will provide materials to support continued learning.