anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The safety evaluation of dronedarone 400 mg twice daily in patients with AF or AFL is based on 5 placebo-controlled studies, ATHENA, EURIDIS, ADONIS, ERATO and DAFNE. In these studies, a total of 6285 patients were randomized and treated, 3282 patients with MULTAQ 400 mg twice daily, and 2875 with placebo. The mean exposure across studies was 12 months. In ATHENA, the maximum follow-up was 30 months.

In clinical trials, premature discontinuation because of adverse reactions occurred in 11.8% of the dronedarone-treated patients and in 7.7% of the placebo-treated group. The most common reasons for discontinuation of therapy with MULTAQ were gastrointestinal disorders (3.2% vs 1.8% in the placebo group) and QT prolongation (1.5% vs 0.5% in the placebo group).

The most frequent adverse reactions observed with MULTAQ 400 mg twice daily in the 5 studies were diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and asthenia.

Table 1 displays adverse reactions more common with dronedarone 400 mg twice daily than with placebo in AF or AFL patients, presented by system organ class and by decreasing order of frequency. Adverse laboratory and ECG effects are presented separately in Table 2. 

Photosensitivity reaction and dysgeusia have also been reported at an incidence less than 1% in patients treated with MULTAQ.

The following laboratory data/ECG parameters were reported with MULTAQ 400 mg twice daily.

Assessment of demographic factors such as gender or age on the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events did not suggest an excess of adverse events in any particular subgroup.

In randomized clinical trials of patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation, one case of torsade de pointes was reported in patients treated with MULTAQ (2301 patients) versus no cases of torsade de pointes in patients treated with placebo (2327) in the ATHENA study. No cases of torsade de pointes were reported in patients treated with MULTAQ (828 patients) or placebo (409 patients) in the EURIDIS and ADONIS studies [see Clinical Studies (14)].
Complications in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly in chronic total occlusion (CTO) cases, pose notable challenges, with a mortality rate of approximately 0.4% during hospitalization, mainly due to issues like perforation and tamponade. Although risk assessment tools can aid in evaluating periprocedural complication risk, prevention and preparedness take precedence. Guided by the "3 Ps" framework-prevention, preparedness, and planning-we navigate the complexities of managing complications in CTO PCI procedures. This emphasizes the importance of comprehensive patient discussions, adherence to appropriateness use criteria, and ensuring a well-trained team equipped with standardized equipment. Furthermore, it is crucial to extract valuable insights from encountered complications, turning potential setbacks into invaluable learning opportunities. This positive approach not only fosters individual growth but also contributes to the advancement of CTO PCI practices. Various complications specific to CTO PCI are addressed, including donor vessel injury, equipment loss/entrapment, radiation injury, and coronary perforation.
Patients with a normal weight between 18.5 and 24.9 BMI Groups will be divided into 2 groups by their own luck. According to DDA, rocuronium will be evaluated as "DDA", and group numbers given according to TBW will be evaluated as "K".
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject new compound capable of remaining, even when added to foods, e.g. confections such as cookies, processing oils and fats or breads, which pass through heating processes, and useful as a raw material for perfumes excellent in the heat resistance. SOLUTION: A compound of formula I ]either one of R groups is a group of formula II (n is 1-4; either one of the waved lines is a double bond), and the other two are H[. For example, glycerol mono-5-nonenoic acid ester. The compound of formula I is obtained by producing a 5- or 6-alkenoic acid from cyclopentanone or cyclohexanone as a starting raw material and subsequently esterifying the produced 5- or 6-alkenoic acid with glycerol. The compound is preferably used in an amount of 0.1-50wt.% based on the perfume for effectively generating the aroma.
AIM: This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the antipsychotic drug trifluoperazine (TFP) against cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced hepatic injury by exploring its effect on autophagy and the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
MAIN METHODS: The hepatotoxicity of CPA was assessed by biochemical analysis of the serum hepatotoxicity markers (ALT, AST, and direct bilirubin), histopathological examination, and ultrastructure analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ELISA technique was used to assess the hepatic content of oxidative stress (MDA and SOD) and inflammatory markers (IL-1β and TNF-α). Immunohistochemical assessment was used to investigate the hepatic expression of NF-κB, Nrf2, caspase-3, as well as autophagy flux markers (p62 and LC3B). The mRNA expression of HO-1 was assessed using RT-qPCR. Western blot assay was used to determine the expression of p-AKT and p-mTOR.
KEY FINDINGS: TFP improved CPA-induced hepatotoxicity by reducing the elevated hepatotoxicity markers, and alleviating the histopathological changes with improving ultrastructure alterations. It also reduced oxidative stress by reducing MDA content and upregulating SOD activity. In addition, it exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects by decreasing NF-κB expression, IL-1β, TNF-α levels, and caspase-3 expression. Furthermore, TFP-induced hepatoprotection was mediated by favoring Nrf2 expression and increasing the mRNA level of HO-1. As well, it improved autophagy by increasing LC3B expression concurrently with reducing p62 expression. Moreover, TFP modulated the AKT/mTOR pathway by reducing the expression of p-AKT and p-mTOR.
SIGNIFICANCE: TFP significantly protected against CPA-induced hepatotoxicity by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling along with enhancement of protective autophagy via inhibition of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) analysis based on body fluids has been widely applied in disease diagnose. Choledocholithiasis is a widespread and often recurrent digestive system disease, with limited data on factors predicting its formation and reappearance. Bile contains many components that could provide valuable diagnostic information; however, the current diagnosis of biliary disease by SERS focuses on detecting specific component in the bile, overlooking the complex interplay and correlations among multiple factors that could be crucial for accurate diagnosis. This work directly obtained multi-component SERS spectral information of raw bile from 46 patients. Characteristic information was extracted from bile SERS spectra using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), revealing variations in the content of characteristic components associated with different choledocholithiasis types and their recurrence frequency. Pearson correlation analysis was also introduced to reveal the interactions of primary active substances pertinent to choledocholithiasis diagnosis. The efficacy of PCA and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models in classifying stone types, presented an accuracy of 99.2 %. Furthermore, the interaction patterns among SERS characteristic components in choledocholithiasis recurrence frequency were revealed, and with the support of SVM, the prediction for different recurrence rates reached an accuracy of 95.2 %. Overall, this work demonstrates that integrating SERS with machine learning can support disease diagnosis and the interpretation of correlations among multiple components, facilitating elucidating the disease mechanisms.
Patients will be enrolled in the study after all study-specific entry criteria are met and informed consent is obtained. Patients will be required to attend regular clinic visits to receive study medication and have their status monitored. Patients will also be required to have radiologic tumor assessments performed at multiple times throughout the study. A detailed explanation can be provided by the study physician (Investigator) conducting this study. Trabectedin at a starting dose of 0.58 mg/m2 will be given to patients intravenously (i.v). as a 3-hour infusion every week for 3 weeks (on Days 1, 8, and 15) of a 4 week cycle via a central venous catheter (also referred to as a "central line" which is a tube ie, "catheter" placed into a large vein). All patients will receive dexamethasone 10 mg i.v. 30 minutes prior to each trabectedin infusion. Patients may receive multiple cycles of trabectedin in the absence of disease progression.
CPU  12  reads out the bloodstream associated values of target voxel of subject's standardized brain bloodstream images (step S 34 ). CPU  12  sorts the bloodstream associated values in descending order (step S 35 ). 
     CPU  12  rejects bloodstream associated values that are ranked top 10% and bottom 40% (step S 36 ). When the subjects are 20 for example, bloodstream associated values of highest 2 subjects and of lowest 8 subjects are rejected. CPU  12  calculates and stores mean value and standard deviation of remaining bloodstream associated values after the rejection (step S 37 ). CPU  12  calculates mean value and standard deviation of bloodstream associated values for each voxel as target voxel (steps S 31,  S 32,  S 33  and S 38 ). Then, the alternative normal brain database of brain bloodstream image is obtained.
Alport syndrome has been linked to three different genes, that is, COL4A3, COL4A4 and COL4A5. It is characterized by progressive and non-specific glomerulosclerosis with irregular thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). At times, the histopathologic picture is dominated by lesions that are consistent with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis or IgA nephropathy. Here, we report the cases of two related individuals (mother and son) who were diagnosed with COL4A5-related Alport syndrome due to a missense variant (p.Gly1170Ser) in a G-X-Y repeat and found to present the same highly unusual histopathological abnormalities on their kidney biopsies. One of the abnormalities shared, which does not appear to have been reported, was reduced COL4A5 immunolabeling that was limited to Bowman's capsule even though the ultrastructure of the GBM was distorted. The other abnormality was superimposed segmental IgA deposition in both individuals, accompanied by mesangial changes in the mother. We feel that these findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms of disease manifestation in Alport syndrome. They suggest, in particular, that collagen expression and/or assemblies in Bowman's capsule is more vulnerable to missense mutations in COL4A5 than elsewhere in the kidney. Our findings also suggest that certain coinherited gene polymorphisms act as unexpectedly important phenotypic determinants in COL4A-related disorders.
Whereas several studies indicate that implicit theory of personality interventions (ITP) are promising in the prevention of depressive symptoms, evidence about the effects of the ITP intervention on stress pathways is scarce. The current study aims to elucidate the effects of ITP on psychophysiological responses to social stress in young adults during their transition to university. Based on preliminary findings that ITP was more effective among younger adolescents in reducing depressive symptoms and that a combination of ITP with self-affirmation (SA) was more effective in the prevention of other risky behaviors, the current study proposes that the addition of a SA component could increase the effectiveness of the ITP intervention when responding to stress. Thus, this study compares the effects of the ITP alone and in combination with a SA component in psychophysiological responses to a standardized social stressor (the Trier Social Stress Test, TSST). Both interventions (i.e., ITP+SA and ITP) are compared with a control condition (CC) in indicators of the autonomic nervous system (heart rate -HR-, respiratory sinus arrhythmia -RSA-, skin conductance level -SCL-), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (cortisol level), and subjective mood. The investigators expect that participants in both ITP interventions, and in ITP+SA intervention in particular, will display better stress responses during the stressful tasks compared with participants in the CC (i.e., lower HR and SCL increase, lower RSA suppression, and lower cortisol and negative mood increase). The investigators also expect that participants would display better recovery after the stressful tasks (i.e., higher HR and SCL decrease, and higher RSA increase).

Finally, this research will examine whether depressive symptoms moderate the effects of the intervention on stress responses. Previous research has shown that depression has been associated with dysregulated stress responses both at the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Moreover, some studies have found that interventions are more effective among participants at risk to reduce both depression and stress. Therefore, the ITP intervention, alone and in combination with SA, could be more beneficial among those participants with higher levels of depressive symptoms.
A 73-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a chief complaint of black stools and abdominal distention. She was diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer with pyloric stenosis and multiple lymph node metastasis(cT4aN3M0, cStage Ⅲ)and was administered preoperative chemotherapy after laparoscopy and gastric jejunal bypass surgery. The surgical diagnosis was sT4aN3M0P0CY0. After surgery, 2 courses of DS therapy were administered. However, a new liver metastatic lesion was found, and XELOX therapy was selected as the second-line of treatment. Subsequently, enlarged hepatic hilar lymph nodes were found; microsatellite instability testing confirmed MSI-High cancer. Nivolumab was selected as the third- line therapy. After 15 courses, a new liver metastatic lesion appeared. Although Ram+nab-PTX therapy was chosen as the fourth-line therapy, the patient developed myelosuppression after 3 courses. Two years and 4 months after the initial treatment, the patient was considered to have achieved CR. Because drug-induced liver injury had occurred, the Ram therapy was discontinued. The patient has remained in CR for 1 year without receiving any anticancer drugs. This case suggests that for MSI-high patients with gastric cancer, the consideration of treatment strategy should be based on the molecular biological background.
Dosage of glipizide and metformin hydrochloride tablets must be individualized on the basis of both effectiveness and tolerance while not exceeding the maximum recommended daily dose of 20 mg glipizide/2000 mg metformin. Glipizide and metformin hydrochloride tablets should be given with meals and should be initiated at a low dose, with gradual dose escalation as described below, in order to avoid hypoglycemia (largely due to glipizide), reduce GI side effects (largely due to metformin), and permit determination of the minimum effective dose for adequate control of blood glucose for the individual patient.

With initial treatment and during dose titration, appropriate blood glucose monitoring should be used to determine the therapeutic response to glipizide and metformin hydrochloride tablets and to identify the minimum effective dose for the patient. Thereafter, HbA1c should be measured at intervals of approximately 3 months to assess the effectiveness of therapy. The therapeutic goal in all patients with type 2 diabetes is to decrease FPG, PPG, and HbA1c to normal or as near normal as possible. Ideally, the response to therapy should be evaluated using HbA1c, which is a better indicator of long-term glycemic control than FPG alone.

No studies have been performed specifically examining the safety and efficacy of switching to glipizide and metformin hydrochloride tablet therapy in patients taking concomitant glipizide (or other sulfonylurea) plus metformin. Changes in glycemic control may occur in such patients, with either hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia possible. Any change in therapy of type 2 diabetes should be undertaken with care and appropriate monitoring.

When colesevelam is coadministered with glipizide ER, maximum plasma concentration and total exposure to glipizide is reduced. Therefore, glipizide and metformin hydrochloride tablets should be administered at least 4 hours prior to colesevelam.
A human resource base that ensures appropriate deployment of staff to emergencies, addressing different shock events in emergencies, without disrupting continuity of service is germane to a successful response. Consequently, the WHO Health Emergencies programme in the African Region, in collaboration with Africa Centre for Disease Control (ACDC) launched the African Volunteer Health Corps (AVoHC) and Strengthening and Utilization of Response Group for Emergencies (SURGE), an initiative aimed at ensuring a pool of timely responders. We explored the willingness of WHO staff to work in emergencies. A call for expression of interest to be part of the Elite Emergency Experts (Triple E) was published on 5th July 2022 via email and was open for 5 weeks. The responses were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and presented with graphic illustrations. A total of 1253 WHO staff, from all the six WHO regions, cutting across all cadre, applied to the call. The applicants had various trainings and experiences in emergency and have responded to mostly disease outbreaks. Two-third of the applicants were males. This paper did not explore reasons for the willingness to work in emergencies. However, contrary to fears expressed in literature that health workers would not want to work in emergencies with potential for infections, the applicants have worked mostly in infectious emergencies. Literature identified some themes on factors that could impact on willingness of health workers to work in emergencies. These include concerns for the safety of the responders and impact of partners, child and elderly care, as well as other family obligations, which emergency planners must consider in planning emergency response.
BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common liver surgery complication. This study aims to explore the effect and potential mechanism of Sunitinib - a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor - on hepatic IRI.
METHODS: We established a hepatic IRI model using C57BL/6 mice, and integrated 40 mg/kg of Sunitinib, solely or combined with 100 μg/kg of coumermycin A1 (C-A1), in the treatment strategy. H&E staining, TUNEL assay, and detection of serum ALT and AST activities were used to assess liver damage. Further, ELISA kits and Western Blots were utilized to determine IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL10, and CXCL2 levels. Primary macrophages, once isolated, were cultured in vitro with either 2 nM of Sunitinib, or Sunitinib in conjunction with 1 μM of C-A1, to gauge their influence on macrophage polarization. qPCR and Western blot were conducted to examine the level of p-STAT1/STAT1, p-STAT3/STAT3, p-JAK2/JAK2, and M1/M2 polarization markers. To quantify immune cell infiltration, we applied Immunofluorescence.
RESULTS: Sunitinib pretreatment significantly alleviated liver injury and reduced p-STAT1/STAT1, p-STAT3/STAT3, p-JAK2/JAK2 levels. In vitro, Sunitinib treatment curbed M1 polarization induced by LPS + IFN-γ and bolstered M2 polarization triggered by IL-4. C-A1 application upregulated JAK2/STAT pathway phosphorylation and promoted LPS + IFN-γ-induced M1 polarization, which was reversed by Sunitinib treatment. In IL-4-stimulated macrophages, application of C-A1 activated the JAK2/STAT pathway and decreased M2-type macrophages, which was reversed by Sunitinib treatment either.
CONCLUSION: Sunitinib is capable of guiding the polarization of macrophages toward an M2-type phenotype via the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT pathway, thereby exerting a protective effect on hepatic IRI.
The key objective in the hemodynamic treatment of septic shock is the optimization of tissue perfusion and oxygenation. This is usually achieved by the utilization of fluids, vasopressors, and inotropes. Dobutamine is the inotrope most commonly recommended and used for this purpose. Despite the fact that dobutamine was introduced almost half a century ago in the treatment of septic shock, and there is widespread use of the drug, several aspects of its pharmacodynamics remain poorly understood. In normal subjects, dobutamine increases contractility and lacks a direct effect on vascular tone. This results in augmented cardiac output and blood pressure, with reflex reduction in systemic vascular resistance. In septic shock, some experimental and clinical research suggest beneficial effects on systemic and regional perfusion. Nevertheless, other studies found heterogeneous and unpredictable effects with frequent side effects. In this narrative review, we discuss the pharmacodynamic characteristics of dobutamine and its physiologic actions in different settings, with special reference to septic shock. We discuss studies showing that dobutamine frequently induces tachycardia and vasodilation, without positive actions on contractility. Since untoward effects are often found and therapeutic benefits are occasional, its profile of efficacy and safety seems low. Therefore, we recommend that the use of dobutamine in septic shock should be cautious. Before a final decision about its prescription, efficacy, and tolerance should be evaluated throughout a short period with narrow monitoring of its wanted and side effects.
The principle of needle-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (nCLE) is to image organs within or adjacent to the GI or respiratory tracts by means of a miniprobe inserted through an endoscopic needle. The fundamental technology, as well as the principle of operation of nCLE, is substantially similar to pCLE.

endoscopic fine needles are used during EUS-FNA procedures to puncture solid organs such as the pancreas, in order to get tissue or fluid for diagnostic purposes. There are different calibers of endoscopic nee-dles used. The most commonly used calibers for EUS-FNA procedures are 22G, 19G, and 25G needles. The nCLE Confocal Miniprobe is compatible with the 19G-type needle only. It is expected to help to differentiate the different types of lesions, especially for cysts, leading to better patient management. Microscopic tissue information in real-time in vivo during an EUS-FNA procedure may allow better differentiation between mucinous and non-mucinous cysts for instance.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject composition capable of increasing pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid on a skin epidermis in a safe and natural process and enhancing the humectant effects without disturbing the quantitative balance and constancy of a humectant ingredient essential to the skin by prescribing polyglutamic acid and a vegetable extract in combination. SOLUTION: This composition is obtained by prescribing (A) a γ-polyglutamic acid prepared by culturing, e.g. a strain of Bacillus subtilis in a synthetic culture medium or its salt and (B) a vegetable extract obtained by extracting, e.g. a plant such as Aloe vera, Matricaria chamolilla L. or green tea with an aqueous solution of ethanol. The amounts of the prescribed ingredients are preferably 0.01-2.0 wt.% ingredient A and about 0.001-0.5 wt.% ingredient B expressed in terms of the solid content in combination. The composition is useful as a medicine for external use, a quasi-drug, a cosmetic, a bathing agent, daily sundry goods, or the like.