anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Neuropathic pain is a well-recognized clinical entity. It is defined as pain caused by the lesion or dysfunction of the peripheral or central nervous system, and it can be diagnosed by well-established clinical criteria. Neuropathic pain is caused by lesions or dysfunction of the nervous system and is initiated by several cellular and molecular mechanisms. Compression of neural and neurovascular structures may result in neuropathic pain. Although a number of therapies are available for neuropathic pain, including antidepressants, tramadol, opioids, and different antiepileptic drugs, the results of a recent systematic review suggest that, in view of their balance between efficacy and tolerability, pregabalin can be regarded as first line treatments for peripheral pain with a neuropathic component.

Pregabalin is one of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that have been studied in the treatment of a wide variety of disorders, such as neuropathic pain, epilepsy, spasticity, and anxiety. The use of AEDs in the treatment of neuropathic pain is based on a number of similarities in the pathophysiologic and biochemical mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain and epilepsy. Its use for the treatment of several neuropathic pain syndromes is common, and it is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, post-herpetic neuralgia, fibromyalgia and spinal cord injury, a model of central neuropathic pain. The off-label use of pregabalin for the various pain syndromes in general, and for neuropathic pain in particular, is ubiquitous. However, minimal support for this practice exists in the literature and its cost is perhaps exorbitant. There is no information on the effect of pregabalin in patients with neuropathic pain in cervical myelopathy under routine clinical practice.
Alvimopan is a selective antagonist of the cloned human μ-opioid receptor with a Ki of 0.4 nM (0.2 ng/mL) and no measurable opioid-agonist effects in standard pharmacologic assays. The dissociation of [3H]-alvimopan from the human μ-opioid receptor is slower than that of other opioid ligands, consistent with its higher affinity for the receptor. At concentrations of 1 to 10 µM, alvimopan demonstrated no activity at any of over 70 non-opioid receptors, enzymes, and ion channels.

Postoperative ileus is the impairment of gastrointestinal motility after intra-abdominal surgery or other, non-abdominal surgeries. Postoperative ileus affects all segments of the gastrointestinal tract and may last from 5 to 6 days, or even longer. This may potentially delay gastrointestinal recovery and hospital discharge until its resolution. It is characterized by abdominal distention and bloating, nausea, vomiting, pain, accumulation of gas and fluids in the bowel, and delayed passage of flatus and defecation. Postoperative ileus is the result of a multifactorial process that includes inhibitory sympathetic input and release of hormones, neurotransmitters, and other mediators (e.g., endogenous opioids). A component of postoperative ileus also results from an inflammatory reaction and the effects of opioid analgesics. Morphine and other μ-opioid receptor agonists are universally used for the treatment of acute postsurgical pain; however, they are known to have an inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal motility and may prolong the duration of postoperative ileus.

Following oral administration, alvimopan antagonizes the peripheral effects of opioids on gastrointestinal motility and secretion by competitively binding to gastrointestinal tract μ-opioid receptors. The antagonism produced by alvimopan at opioid receptors is evident in isolated guinea pig ileum preparations in which alvimopan competitively antagonizes the effects of morphine on contractility. Alvimopan achieves this selective gastrointestinal opioid antagonism without reversing the central analgesic effects of μ-opioid agonists.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the U.S. Despite the availability of evidence-based guidelines and efficacious therapies, however, many patients do not achieve the full benefit of CVD risk reduction. In particular, complex patients (defined as those patients who do not respond to current disease management approaches) with multiple concurrent chronic conditions represent a key segment of the population that would benefit from new approaches to care. In response to PA-12-024: Behavioral Interventions to Address Multiple Chronic Conditions in Primary Care, which seeks "practical interventions...to modify behaviors using a common approach" among patients with multiple co-morbidities, the investigators are testing an integrated behavioral intervention designed to improve a core set of chronic disease self-management skills and to overcome common barriers to care engagement encountered by this increasingly important segment of the U.S. adult primary care population. This randomized trial will be conducted within Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated care delivery system serving over 3.2 million members, including patients insured through Medicare and state Medicaid programs. The investigators will evaluate the intervention in 3 KPNC primary care practices by enrolling 576 complex patients who have persistently (≥ 2 years) uncontrolled CVD risk factors (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes) despite being enrolled in a CVD disease management program. This behavioral intervention is designed to activate and engage patients, identify potentially hidden barriers to care such as alcohol misuse or sub-clinical depression, and to develop individualized care plans that are designed to catalyze more effective primary care management. Randomization will be at the patient-level. The investigators will examine the impact of the intervention on clinical outcomes (control of systolic blood pressure, HbA1c (if with diabetes), statin treatment rates) after 12 months and patient-reported outcomes (patient activation, medication adherence, and mental health status) after 6 months. By focusing on core health skills and care barriers, this patient-focused intervention seeks to enable complex patients to become more effective agents of their own care and to thereby achieve similar clinical benefits as less complex patients.
BACKGROUND: Patients with extensive burns are critically ill and have long treatment periods. Length of stay (LOS) is a good measure for assessing treatment. This study sought to identify predictors of prolonged LOS in patients with extensive burns (≥50% TBSA).
METHODS: This retrospective multicenter cohort study included adults aged ≥ 18 years who survived extensive burns in three burn centers in Eastern China between January 2016 and June 2022. Epidemiological, demographic and clinical outcomes data were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between patients with/without prolonged LOS, which was defined as LOS greater than the median. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of prolonged LOS.
RESULTS: The study sample included 321 patients, of whom 156 (48.6%) had an LOS of 58 days (IQR 41.0-77.0). Univariate regression analysis showed that increased total burn area and increased full-thickness burn area; electrical, chemical and other burns; increased erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets or serum creatinine within 24 h of admission; concomitant inhalation injury, pulmonary edema, sepsis, bloodstream infection, wound infection, pulmonary infection, urinary tract infection, or HB < 70 g/L during hospitalization were associated with prolonged LOS in patients with extensive burns. Increased number of surgical operations, mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy were also associated with prolonged LOS (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that increased total burn area (ratio 1.032, 95%CI 1.01-1.055; P = 0.004), electrical and chemical or other burns (3.282, 1.335-8.073; P = 0.01), development of wound infection (2.653 1.285-5.481; P = 0.008) and increased number of operative procedures (1.714, 1.388-2.116, P < 0.001) were significant predictors.
CONCLUSIONS: Increased area of full-thickness burn,occurrence of electrical and chemical or other burns,occurrence of wound infection and increased number of surgeries are the best predictors of prolonged LOS in patients with extensive burns. Clarifying relevant predictors of burn patients' LOS provides a reliable reference for clinical treatment.
BACKGROUND: Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed carcinomas in China, and postoperative radiotherapy plays an important role in improving the prognosis of patients. Carcinomas in different locations of the oesophagus could have different patterns of lymph node metastasis after surgery.
METHODS: In this multicentric retrospective study, we enrolled patients with middle thoracic oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas from 3 cancer centres, and none of the patients underwent radiotherapy before or after surgery. We analysed the lymph node recurrence rates in different stations to explore the postoperative lymphatic recurrence pattern.
RESULTS: From January 1st, 2014, to December 31st, 2019, 132 patients met the criteria, and were included in this study. The lymphatic recurrence rate was 62.1%. Pathological stage (P = 0.032) and lymphadenectomy method (P = 0.006) were significant predictive factors of lymph node recurrence. The recurrence rates in the supraclavicular, upper and lower paratracheal stations of lymph nodes were 32.6%, 28.8% and 16.7%, respectively, showing a high incidence. The recurrence rate of the subcarinal node station was 9.8%, while 8.3% (upper, middle and lower) thoracic para-oesophageal nodes had recurrences.
CONCLUSIONS: We recommend including the supraclavicular, upper and lower paratracheal stations of lymph nodes in the postoperative radiation field in middle thoracic oesophageal carcinomas. Subcarinal station is also potentially high-risk, while whether to include thoracic para-oesophageal or abdominal nodes needs careful consideration.
Emerging evidence suggests that the gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, a leading cause of mortality among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Malvidin, belonging to the flavonoid family of compounds, exhibits a range of capabilities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Studies have demonstrated that Malvidin exhibits a dose-dependent effect in mitigating sepsis-induced intestinal injury. The advantageous impact of Malvidin in safeguarding against sepsis-induced intestinal injury is associated with its capacity to counteract oxidative stress, inhibit cellular apoptosis, diminish the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and regulate the synthesis of inflammasomes. The findings indicate that Malvidin, a natural compound, exhibits protective effects on the gut by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/reactive oxygen species/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. These results have significant implications for potential clinical applications and offer valuable insights into the treatment of sepsis-induced intestinal injury.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a nerve trunk cell proliferation agent, to provide a method for proliferating a nerve trunk cell using the proliferation agent, to provide a nerve trunk cell-containing liquid proliferated by the method, and to provide a therapeutic agent for a neurological disease containing the nerve trunk cell-containing liquid or the proliferation agent as an active ingredient.  <P>SOLUTION: This nerve trunk cell proliferation agent contains a compound selected from salvianolic acid B, an optical or geometrical isomer thereof having nerve trunk cell proliferation action similar to that of the salvianolic acid B, a prodrug thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound or the prodrug, and a hydrate thereof as an active ingredient, wherein the compound has the nerve trunk cell proliferation action and the action is imparted to the proliferation agent. The method for proliferating the nerve trunk cell uses the proliferation agent. The nerve trunk cell-containing liquid is obtained by the method. The therapeutic agent for the neurological disease contains the cell-containing liquid as the active ingredient. Further, the therapeutic agent for the neurological disease contains the proliferation agent as the active ingredient and is based on a mechanism of the nerve trunk cell proliferation action.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
The role of mesencephalic dopamine neurons in reward processing has been established in primates using electrophysiological techniques and in humans using functional neuroimaging. Their role is thought to be dual: i) they show sustained activity with the expectation of a future reward and ii) a phasic response after reward. Animal data indicate that these neurons, located in the midbrain areas A8-10, behave as a single functional unit when activated. They have rich projections to both the prefrontal and motor cortices where they synapse on interneurons and cortical pyramidal cells, producing primarily inhibition. Though their function is not fully understood, these projections clearly play an important role in motivation and learning. We have recently developed a pair of paradigms to detect a reward related signal in the primary motor cortex, where transcranial magnetic stimulation can be used to measure brief events. So far, we have tested healthy volunteers; we now intend to study Parkinson disease (PD) patients in order to help clarify the role of dopamine in effect of reward. The Parkinson patients will be tested both on and off levodopa/carbidopa and dopamine agonist medications. Our hypothesis is that the dopamine reward related signal will alter level of evocable inhibition in primary motor cortex. Using a behavioral paradigm that deliver intermittent reward, we aim to demonstrate, in treated and untreated PD patients a difference in the amount of cortical inhibition, i) when reward is expected compared to when reward is not expected and ii) after rewarded compared to unrewarded trials. We also aim to demonstrate a difference between their response and that of healthy controls.
NB-001 is an oil-in-water emulsion composed of nanometer-sized, positively charged droplets (average particle size = 180nm). NB-001 is composed of highly refined soybean oil, purified water, ethanol, edetate disodium dihydrate (EDTA) and two surfactants: polysorbate (Tween) 20 and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC).
The invention provides a method of inducing a mucosal immune response in a subject, comprising administering to the mucosa of the subject an amount of antigen-encoding DNA effective to induce a mucosal immune response complexed to a transfection-facilitating lipospermine or a lipospermidine. In the method of inducing a mucosal immune response, the antigen-encoding DNA can encode an antigen that is expressed on the surface of infected cells during the course of infection. DNA encoding the envelope glycoproteins of viral pathogens is used in the present method. Lipospermines and lipospermidines are bifunctional molecules consisting of one or more hydrophobic chains covalently linked to a cationic grouping in which there is coordination of three or more amide hydrogens with a phosphate oxygen of the DNA chain forming an ionic charge complex. One preferred example of a lipospermine is DOGS (droctadecylamidoglycylspermine). The invention also provides a composition, comprising an amount of DNA encoding an envelope antigen or envelope-associated antigen of a pathogen complexed to a lipospermine. More specifically, the invention provides a composition, comprising an amount of DNA encoding an envelope antigen of HIV complexed to a lipospermine.
PURPOSE: To systematically review the prevalence of motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) among community-dwelling older adults and provide evidence-based support for policymakers planning health and social care policies.
METHOD: Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for cross-sectional, prospective cohort, or population-based longitudinal studies of community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years with MCR from inception of the database through December 18, 2021.
RESULTS: Seventeen studies were included. Pooled prevalence of MCR was found to be 10% (95% confidence interval [8%, 12%], I2 = 98.4%). Results of a subgroup analysis revealed a combined prevalence of MCR of 8.2% in males and 9.2% in females. Pooled prevalence of MCR was 9.7% in Asia and 10.2% in other regions.
CONCLUSION: Prevalence of MCR in community-dwelling older adults is high. Our research may improve the epidemiological understanding of MCR, draw attention to older adults with MCR, and thus promote research of MCR and the formulation of relevant public health policies. With early identification and intervention of MCR, cognitive function can be improved, and the onset of dementia can be delayed or prevented. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(4), 16-24.].
The invention belongs to field of traditional Chinese medicine technology, particularly to a kind of Traditional Chinese medicine meals formula for chemotherapy nourishing postoperative and preparation method thereof. Formed by the preparation of raw material of following parts by weight: Radix Codonopsis 8��15 parts, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 8��15 parts, 3��5 parts of Poria, the Radix Astragali 3��5 parts, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (parched) 3��5 parts, 3��5 parts of Radix Glycyrrhizae, Fructus Evodiae 3��5 parts, Stigma Croci 3��5 parts, Fructus Piperis Longi 3��5 parts, Fructus Lycii 3��5 parts, Fructus Akebiae 1��2 part, Fructus Amomi 1��2 part, 5��8 parts of Fructus Jujubae, Lac regis apis 3��5 parts, Rhizomadioscoreae 8��15 parts, agrocyb eaegerita 5��8 parts, Gallus Domesticus 200��300 parts. Gallus Domesticus removes internal organs, and oil skimming of precooking is cleaned standby; The Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (parched) etc. are put in clean gauze, puts in marmite after wrapping, then Radix Codonopsis, Radix Angelicae Sinensis are filled in Gallus Domesticus tripe, put in marmite; Finally Poria etc. is put in marmite, add water, after slow fire infusion, add Lac regis apis. Mild action of the present invention, qi-restoratives QI invigorating, replenishing essence of enriching blood, accelerate physical recovery.
The prevalence of adolescent obesity in the Middle-East is considered among the highest in the world. Obesity in adolescents is associated with several cardiometabolic abnormalities, the constellation of which is referred to as the metabolic syndrome (MetS). This multi-country cross-sectional study aims to determine the optimal cut-off values for body fat (BF); body mass index (BMI) z-score; waist circumference (WC) percentile, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for the prediction of MetS among adolescents from Kingdom of Saudi-Arabia (KSA), Kuwait, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. A secondary objective is to examine the validity of Bioelectrical Impendence Vector Analysis (BIVA) in estimating BF against the deuterium dilution technique (DDL). In each country, a sample of 210 adolescents will be recruited. Data collection will include demographics, socioeconomic, lifestyle and dietary data using a multi-component questionnaire; anthropometric measurements will be obtained and body composition will be assessed using the DDL and BIVA; blood pressure and biochemical assessment will be performed for the identification of the MetS. Receiver operating characteristic analyses will be undertaken to determine optimal cut-off values of BMI, WC, MUAC and BF in identifying those with MetS. Odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association of the anthropometric measurements with MetS will be computed based on multiple logistic regression analysis models. The Bland and Altman approach will be adopted to compare BIVA against the reference DDL method for the determination of body composition parameters. This study responds to the need for ethnic-specific anthropometric cut-offs for the identification of excess adiposity and associated cardiometabolic risks in the adolescent population. The adoption of the generated cut-offs may assist policy makers, public health professionals and clinical practitioners in providing ethnic-specific preventive and curative strategies tailored to adolescents in the region.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicine Lycopodium serratum Thunb. solution for improving memory. The traditional Chinese medicine Lycopodium serratum Thunb. solution comprises, by dry weight, 5-15 parts of Lycopodium serratum Thunb., 3-15 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 9-15 parts of uniflower swisscentaury root, 3-9 parts of sea horse, 6-15 parts of pilose asiabell root, 6-16 parts of radix angelicae sinensis, 10-15 parts of motherwort and 10-25 parts of purslane. An ethanol solution for extraction has a concentration of 3-20% (by volume), first extraction time of the Lycopodium serratum Thunb. solution is in a range of 8-16 days and second extraction time of the Lycopodium serratum Thunb. solution is in a range of 4-8 days. The preparation method is simple and safe and has a low cost. The traditional Chinese medicine rhizoma gastrodiae solution has no toxic or side effect. The traditional Chinese medicine rhizoma gastrodiae solution realizes treatment on both symptoms and root causes of chronic diseases and has effects of reducing blood viscosity, cleaning blood and cholesterol on the blood vessel wall, softening vessels, benefiting qi for activating blood circulation and satisfying body organs nutrient and oxygen demands. The traditional Chinese medicine rhizoma gastrodiae solution treats multiple symptoms through one formula, produces synergism and thoroughly improves memory.
All patients will receive nCPAP at 5-6 cm H2O pressure with an oxygen concentration of 21% or more to maintain preductal saturation between 90% and 95%. Patients assigned to the active group will be treated with 0.15 mg/kg body weight (diluted in 3 mL 0.9% NaCl) nebulised salbutamol (Ventolin®, GlaxoSmithKline, Dublin, Ireland) for 30 min.
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a prevalent neurological disorder, predominantly affects young adults and is characterized by chronic autoimmune activity. The study explores the immune system dysregulation in MS, highlighting the crucial roles of immune and non-neuronal cells in the disease's progression. This review examines the dual role of cytokines, with some like IL-6, TNF-α, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) promoting inflammation and CNS tissue injury, and others such as IL-4, IL-10, IL-37, and TGF-β fostering remyelination and protecting against MS. Elevated chemokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), including CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, CXCL13, and fractalkine, are analyzed for their role in facilitating immune cell migration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), worsening inflammation and neurodegeneration. The study also delves into the impact of auto-antibodies targeting myelin components like MOG and AQP4, which activate complement cascades leading to further myelin destruction. The article discusses how compromised BBB integrity allows immune cells and inflammatory mediators to infiltrate the CNS, intensifying MS symptoms. It also examines the involvement of astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes in the disease's progression. Additionally, the effectiveness of immunomodulatory drugs such as IFN-β and CD20-targeting monoclonal antibodies (e.g., rituximab) in modulating immune responses is reviewed, highlighting their potential to reduce relapse rates and delaying MS progression. These insights emphasize the importance of immune system dysfunction in MS development and progression, guiding the development of new therapeutic strategies. The study underscores recent advancements in understanding MS's molecular pathways, opening avenues for more targeted and effective treatments.