anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Early since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical and scientific community were aware of extra respiratory actions of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Endothelitis, hypercoagulation, and hypofibrinolysis were identified in COVID-19 patients as subsequent responses of endothelial dysfunction. Activation of the endothelial barrier may increase the severity of the disease and contribute to long-COVID syndrome and post-COVID sequelae. Besides, it may cause alterations in primary, secondary, and tertiary hemostasis. Importantly, these responses have been highly decisive in the evolution of infected patients also diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), who showed previous endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential triggers of endothelial activation related to COVID-19 and COVID-19 under diabetic milieu. Several mechanisms are induced by both the viral particle itself and by the subsequent immune-defensive response (i.e., NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, vasoactive peptides, cytokine storm, NETosis, activation of the complement system). Alterations in coagulation mediators such as factor VIII, fibrin, tissue factor, the von Willebrand factor: ADAMST-13 ratio, and the kallikrein-kinin or plasminogen-plasmin systems have been reported. Moreover, an imbalance of thrombotic and thrombolytic (tPA, PAI-I, fibrinogen) factors favors hypercoagulation and hypofibrinolysis. In the context of DM, these mechanisms can be exacerbated leading to higher loss of hemostasis. However, a series of therapeutic strategies targeting the activated endothelium such as specific antibodies or inhibitors against thrombin, key cytokines, factor X, complement system, the kallikrein-kinin system or NETosis, might represent new opportunities to address this hypercoagulable state present in COVID-19 and DM. Antidiabetics may also ameliorate endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and platelet aggregation. By improving the microvascular pathology in COVID-19 and post-COVID subjects, the associated comorbidities and the risk of mortality could be reduced.
The classic training group followed their routine of both physical and cognitive exercises that were recorded for their control. Balance exercises, strength and aerobic exercise. They were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the 10 weeks.
BACKGROUND: Acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a rare, but debilitating, complication. However, contemporary data from real-world unselected patients are scarce.
AIMS: We aimed to explore the temporal trends, outcomes and variables associated with AIS as well as in-hospital all-cause mortality in a nationwide cohort.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of healthcare records from 2006-2021 was implemented. Patients were stratified according to the occurrence of AIS in the setting of PCI. The temporal trends of AIS were analysed. A stepwise regression model was used to identify variables associated with AIS and in-hospital all-cause mortality.
RESULTS: A total of 4,910,430 PCIs were included for the current analysis. AIS occurred in 4,098 cases (0.08%). An incremental increase in the incidence of AIS after PCI from 0.03% to 0.14% per year was observed from 2006-2021. The strongest associations with AIS after PCI included carotid artery disease, medical history of stroke, atrial fibrillation, presentation with an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-STEMI and coronary thrombectomy. For patients with AIS, a higher in-hospital all-cause mortality (18.11% vs 3.29%; p<0.001) was documented. With regard to all-cause mortality, the strongest correlations in the stroke cohort were found for cardiogenic shock, dialysis and clinical presentation with a STEMI.
CONCLUSIONS: In an unselected nationwide cohort of patients hospitalised for PCI, a gradual increase in AIS incidence was noted. We identified several variables associated with AIS as well as with in-hospital mortality. Hereby, clinicians might identify the patient population at risk for a peri-interventional AIS as well as those at risk for an adverse in-hospital outcome after PCI.
In Group A SLE patients enter with active disease. Any immune suppressant (e.g. methotrexate, azathioprine or mmf) is withdrawn and after blood drawing, depomedrol up to 160 mg IM is given. This may be repeated for a maximum of 160mg up to four times total in the first two weeks. Depomedrol is expected to last 1-3 months, serial biomarkers will be drawn until time of flare, at which time biomarkers will be drawn, patient is defined as meeting endpoint and new treatment initiated. Patients may elect to continue to donate blood samples per protocol up to one year.
The use of benzodiazepines, including ONFI, exposes users to the risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death. Abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines often (but not always) involve the use of doses greater than the maximum recommended dosage and commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes, including respiratory depression, overdose, or death [see Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.2)].

Before prescribing ONFI and throughout treatment, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction (e.g., using a standardized screening tool). Use of ONFI, particularly in patients at elevated risk, necessitates counseling about the risks and proper use of ONFI along with monitoring for signs and symptoms of abuse, misuse, and addiction. Prescribe the lowest effective dosage; avoid or minimize concomitant use of CNS depressants and other substances associated with abuse, misuse, and addiction (e.g., opioid analgesics, stimulants); and advise patients on the proper disposal of unused drug. If a substance use disorder is suspected, evaluate the patient and institute (or refer them for) early treatment, as appropriate.
Abemaciclib given orally Q12H in combination with prophylactic loperamide given orally. Participants may continue to receive treatment until discontinuation criteria are met.
PURPOSE: To provide biologically compatible viscoelastic gel slurry and its manufacturing method. CONSTITUTION: The first phase is a polymer gel swollen in an aqueous medium, the second phase is a liquid phase nonuniformly dispersed with the gel phase, and this biologically compatible viscoelastic gel slurry is formed with these two phases. The polymer component of the gel is a natural polymer or a synthetic polymer. The natural polymer is selected from the group of polysaccharides, protein, and nucleic acids, and hyaluronate (hyaluronic acid and its biological recipient salt) or its derivative, e.g. a polymer gel formed from hiran, is preferably used. The gel is formed by a crosslinking reaction, or a polymer having non-limited affinity for a solvent is swollen in the solvent. This slurry can be used for an adhesion inhibitor or an excipient for discharging a medicine.
Methodology: This will be a two-centre (University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland and Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark) study. 72 patients will be randomised according to a double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol in which half of the patients are treated with IL-1Ra, the other half with saline. The treatment period will last 13 weeks. This time-period should be sufficient for reversal of functional glucotoxicity and feasible in terms of patient compliance. Whether 13 weeks of treatment will be sufficient to make significant changes in b-cell mass in unpredictable. However, blocking b-cell apoptosis, while new islet formation and b-cell replication are normal, may initiate enlargement of b-cell mass, which may progress beyond the treatment period. Patient evaluation will be performed at start and after 4, 13, 26, 39 and 52 weeks. Following 13 weeks, patients with a fasting plasma glucose levels \> 8 mM or with a glycosylated hemoglobin level (HbA1c) \> 8% will be treated with insulin. Insulin treatment will not be initiated earlier to avoid interference with possible effects of insulin on primary outcome in the period where the largest effect of IL-1Ra are expected. To assess effects of IL-1Ra on insulin sensitivity, a subset of 40 patients (20 IL-1Ra- and 20 placebo-treated) will undergo an euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp as well as a muscle and fat biopsy at start and after the end of treatment (13 weeks). The Ethics Committee of both centres have already approved the procedure.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cosmetic continuing a hot state for a long period at a moderate temperature to give warm feeling to the body.  <P>SOLUTION: The cosmetic contains a metal compound and/or a metal hydroxide reactive with an acid and an acidic substance in the form of aqueous solutions while preventing the mixing of both components. At least a surface-treated metal compound and/or metal hydroxide reactive with an acid is used in the cosmetic. The metal compound and/or metal hydroxide reactive with an acid is preferably zinc oxide and/or magnesium oxide. The surface treatment is preferably a dimethylpolysiloxane baking treatment, a hydrogen methylpolysiloxane baking treatment, a silylation treatment, a perfluoroalkylphosphoric acid diethanol amine salt treatment, a metallic soap treatment, an acylglutamic acid salt treatment, a phospholipid coating treatment or a polyquaternium coating treatment. The acidic substance is preferably citric acid and/or its salt.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
In Part 2, SQZ-eAPC-HPV will be administered on Day 1 of each treatment cycle. Treatment with 200 mg of pembrolizumab will begin in Cycle 3. Starting at Cycle 3, patients will be administered SQZ-eAPC-HPV and then pembrolizumab every 3 weeks for a maximum of 1 year for SQZ-eAPC-HPV, and 2 years for pembrolizumab.
G-CSF at 10mcg/kg b.w. split in two daily doses starting from day 1 until the end of the stem cell collection procedure, with the first collection attempt on day 5.
Patients who use drugs or alcohol who do not adequately adhere to antiretroviral medication have sub-optimal outcomes, but effective interventions for them are lacking. In this R34 application, we seek to develop and pilot an intervention program delivered by phone and supported by information technology that combines contingency management for medication adherence and a cognitive-behavioral approach to both adherence to antiretroviral therapy and abstinence from substances of abuse. The intervention, CARE (Centralized Off-site AdheRence Enhancement Program), builds on the published finding that adherence was robustly improved and viral load was significantly reduced among patients who received cash-reinforcement for opening MEMS-capped bottles to take prescribed medication on time. CARE involves transmission of bottle-opening data with real time operation from SimPill bottles to a website system which generates messages to patients indicating the amount of cash-reinforcement earned if medication was taken within a specified time window or forsaken if medication was missed. Reinforcement for medication-taking will be wired to debit cards that patients will be given to receive the payments. This contingent reinforcement of medication-taking will be coupled with twelve sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) conducted by phone, also assisted by the website which will generate CBT-related text messages, reminders and scheduling information from a menu of choices negotiated by the patient and therapist. Development of CARE will proceed in three stages, with revisions of the intervention at each stage. First, the web system and therapy manuals will be developed. Second, twelve weeks of CARE will be pre-piloted in 10 patients with sub-optimal adherence and recent risky alcohol use and/or stimulant misuse. Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected concerning acceptability, usability and perceived efficacy of components of CARE; Procedures and logistics will be evaluated, and modified, if necessary. Third, CARE will be pilot-tested in a twelve-week randomized controlled trial in which the control arm only involves phone-based counseling focusing first on adherence and then on abstinence. Retention of effects will be examined during a twelve-week follow-up period. CARE has the potential to be among the first interventions that delivers both reinforcement and counseling remotely, that improves outcomes among substance users without providing opioid substitution or other extremely intensive interventions, and that utilizes a cognitive-behavioral approach targeting both non-adherence and substance abuse. Because CARE is delivered by a therapist who is off-site from the patient's clinic, CARE can be effectively delivered from any distance and is a scalable treatment for patients in whom medication adherence is crucial.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide aryl GPR120 receptor agonists.SOLUTION: Aryl GPR120 receptor agonists are provided. These compounds are useful for treating metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes and disorders accompanying blood glucose control deficiency. A method for treating disorders such as type 2 diabetes and other diseases and conditions, etc. by using one or multiple compounds or compositions of the present invention is also provided. The present invention also provides a method for raising the intracellular Calevel by using one or multiple compounds explained in the present specification. The compounds of the present invention can, furthermore, be used for stimulating the production of insulin and for stimulating the secretion of insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), and glucose-dependent insulin-secreting polypeptide (GIP) among mammals, above all humans.
The present invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine for treating diabetes, particularly to a pill which can reduce the blood sugar. The present invention is characterized in that the pill is prepared from rhubarb, red sage root, rehmannia root, pueraria root, Chinese angelica root, astragalus root, coptis, fragrant solomonseal rhizome, kakuda figwort root, red peony root, moutan bark and ginseng according to a proportion of a formula. The preparation method of the pill comprises the following steps: utilizing each component medicine, grinding the component medicines into powder, and making pills by mixing medical powder with honey. A patient takes a pill at a time and three times a day. The present invention recovers the functions of pancreas to enable the pancreas to metabolize normally, treats both manifestation and root cause of diseases, rapidly treats symptoms and various complicating diseases, and enables the user to fundamentally get well with excellent curative effect. Through the observation of ten of thousands of cases, the effective rate of the present invention reaches 98 percent and the cure rate is over 95 percent. The present invention reaches to the advanced level in the industry.
Multiple myeloma is uniformly fatal. Responses achieved after multiple lines of therapy are normally of short duration. Therefore, all patients with multiple myeloma will eventually relapse, having become refractory to therapy and subsequently will die of their cancer. The rationale of this study is that bortezomib as a novel agent may allow additional periods of response due to its different mechanisms of action. This is an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, non-comparative study to provide expanded access to bortezomib to patients with multiple myeloma that have received at least two previous lines of therapy and are refractory to or have relapsed after their last treatment. Patients will receive treatment with bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 on day 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a 3-week cycle. No treatment will be administered on the last 10 days of each cycle. Treatment may be repeated for up to 8 cycles with possible extension if patient is still responding at the end of the 8 cycle period. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 will be administered as an IV bolus
Habitual aerobic exercise has a major advantage of preventing or reducing symptoms of several chronic diseases and medical conditions. Aerobic or cardiovascular exercise by definition is a form of bodily movement that is fueled by aerobic energy-generating processes, where the energy demands of the exercise performed do not exceed the rate at which the cardiovascular system can supply oxygen to working muscles. Aerobic exercises have already proven to reduce frequency, duration, severity or associated disability in migraine. The physiology is that when one exercises, the body releases endorphins, which are the body's natural painkillers and natural anti-depressants chemicals called enkephalins. According to Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), adult should exercise 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise and 2 or more days a week of muscle strengthening each week for relief of migraine or primary headaches. Similarly, a study conducted comparing neck treatment and aerobic exercise concluded that 5 weeks of intervention for migraine patient responded with better outcomes. According to American migraine foundation the exercise program, should include the cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility exercises and muscular strengthening. For this reason, several studies encourage a multidisciplinary and tailored treatment approach for these patients. Hence the study aim to assess the efficacy of physiotherapy intervention especially aerobic exercise among university students with migraine symptoms.
Despite the commonly-accepted paradigm that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) also invariably have obesity, OSA prevalence extends beyond obesity. This necessitates a reevaluation of screening strategies, biomarkers of increased OSA risk, and heightened awareness among healthcare providers about the array of OSA treatments for diverse adult populations. While obesity contributes importantly to OSA pathogenesis, there is substantial evidence that non-anatomical factors also play a crucial role, especially in patients who do not have obesity. In recent years, notwithstanding the recognition of diverse contributors to OSA pathogenesis, research has frequently focused on weight reduction to address OSA. Insights from past experiences with bariatric surgery in OSA serve as a lens to anticipate potential outcomes of emerging anti-obesity pharmacotherapies. Pharmacological alternatives, particularly incretin agonists, exhibit promise in weight reduction and OSA improvement, but encounter obstacles such as potential side effects and high costs. With this comprehensive narrative review, we delve into the complex epidemiological and pathophysiological connections between OSA and obesity. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of a multifaceted approach to OSA treatment, recognizing that while weight management is crucial, there is a need for comprehensive strategies that go beyond traditional weight-centric perspectives.
### Renal

Impaired renal function results in a decreased rate and extent of excretion of tramadol and its active metabolite, M1. The pharmacokinetics of tramadol were studied in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment after receiving multiple doses of tramadol hydrochloride ER tablets 100 mg. There is no consistent trend observed for tramadol exposure related to renal function in patients with mild (CLcr: 50 to 80 mL/min) or moderate (CLcr: 30 to 50 mL/min) renal impairment in comparison to patients with normal renal function. However, exposure of M1 increased 20 to 40% with increased severity of the renal impairment (from normal to mild and moderate). Tramadol hydrochloride ER tablets have not been studied in patients with severe renal impairment (CLcr < 30 mL/min). The limited availability of dose strengths of tramadol hydrochloride ER tablets does not permit the dosing flexibility required for safe use in patients with severe renal impairment. Therefore, tramadol hydrochloride ER tablets should not be used in patients with severe renal impairment (see PRECAUTIONS - Use in Renal and Hepatic Disease and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). The total amount of tramadol and M1 removed during a 4 hour dialysis period is less than 7% of the administered dose. 

### Hepatic

Pharmacokinetics of tramadol was studied in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment after receiving multiple doses of tramadol hydrochloride ER tablets 100 mg. The exposure of (+)- and (-)-tramadol was similar in mild and moderate hepatic impairment patients in comparison to patients with normal hepatic function. However, exposure of (+)- and (-)-­M1 decreased ~50% with increased severity of the hepatic impairment (from normal to mild and moderate). The pharmacokinetics of tramadol after the administration of tramadol hydrochloride ER tablets has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment. After the administration of tramadol immediate-release tablets to patients with advanced cirrhosis of the liver, tramadol area under the plasma concentration time curve was larger and the tramadol and M1 half-lives were longer than subjects with normal hepatic function. The limited availability of dose strengths of tramadol hydrochloride ER tablets does not permit the dosing flexibility required for safe use in patients with severe hepatic impairment. Therefore, tramadol hydrochloride ER tablets should not be used in patients with severe hepatic impairment (see PRECAUTIONS - Use in Renal and Hepatic Disease and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). 

### Geriatric

The effect of age on the absorption of tramadol from tramadol hydrochloride ER tablets in patients over the age of 65 years has not been studied and is unknown (see PRECAUTIONS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). 

### Gender

Based on pooled multiple-dose pharmacokinetics studies for tramadol hydrochloride ER tablets in 166 healthy subjects (111 males and 55 females), the dose-normalized AUC values for tramadol were somewhat higher in females than in males. There was a considerable degree of overlap in values between male and female groups. Dosage adjustment based on gender is not recommended.
BACKGROUND: We aimed to study the impact of operative time on textbook outcome (TO), especially postoperative complications and length of postoperative stay in minimally invasive esophagectomy.
METHODS: Patients undergoing esophagectomy for curative intent within a prospectively maintained database from 2016 to 2022 were retrieved. Relationships between operative time and outcomes were quantified using multivariable mixed-effects models with medical teams random effects. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) plotting was used to characterize correlation between operative time and the odds for achieving TO.
RESULTS: Data of 2210 patients were examined. Median operative time was 270 mins (interquartile range, 233-313) for all cases. Overall, 902 patients (40.8%) achieved TO. Among non-TO patients, 226 patients (10.2%) had a major complication (grade ≥ III), 433 patients (19.6%) stayed postoperatively longer than 14 days. Multivariable analysis revealed operative time was associated with higher odds of major complications (odds ratio 1.005, P < 0.001) and prolonged postoperative stay (≥ 14 days) (odds ratio 1.003, P = 0.006). The relationship between operative time and TO exhibited an inverse-U shape, with 298 mins identified as the tipping point for the highest odds of achieving TO.
CONCLUSIONS: Longer operative time displayed an adverse influence on postoperative morbidity and increased lengths of postoperative stay. In the present study, the TO displayed an inverse U-shaped correlation with operative time, with a significant peak at 298 mins. Potential factors contributing to prolonged operative time may potentiate targets for quality metrics and risk-adjustment process.