anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
This is a single arm, open label, phase 2 trial aimed to investigate the biological effects and safety of pyrotinib combined with trastuzumab, dalpiciclib and letrozole for HR+/HER2+ breast cancer. A total of 30 patients with stage II-III HR+/HER2+ breast cancer will be enrolled. Subjects will be enrolled and receive two cycles of pyrotinib combined with trastuzumab, dalpiciclib and letrozole. Imaging evaluation was performed two weeks later, and patients who achieved CR or PR were continued with the original regimen for 4 cycles. Subjects who did not achieve PR switched to regimen and received 4 cycles of pyrotinib combined with trastuzumab plus chemotherapy. In a specific medication cycle, patients use dalpiciclib orally, 125mg, day 1-21, and letrozole orally, 2.5 mg, day 1-28, and pyrotinib orally, 320mg, day 1-28, and trastuzumab, injection, 8 mg/kg loading dose in cycle 1, 6mg/kg in cycles 2-6, intravenous drops, 1 cycle on day 1-21. Premenopausal or perimenopausal patients should combine ovarian function suppression, including bilateral oophorectomy or treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. The primary endpoint is pathological complete response rate. The secondary endpoints include overall response rate, breast-conserving surgery rate and safety profile.
OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate the toxic effects of gadolinium texaphyrin administered to patients receiving cranial radiotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme. II. Determine the maximum tolerated dose of this regimen in these patients. III. Determine the pharmacokinetic profile of this regimen in these patients. IV. Determine the biodistribution of gadolinium texaphyrin in both neoplastic tissue and normal brain parenchyma. V. Evaluate the effect and accumulation of this regimen in normal brain parenchyma and neoplastic tissue by following the change in enhancing volume and percent change in signal intensity over time.

OUTLINE: This is an open label, multicenter study. Arm I: Patients receive radiotherapy once a day, 5 days a week, for 6 weeks. Gadolinium texaphyrin IV is administered every other day within 2-5 hours prior to radiotherapy. Patients are evaluated at 1 month, and if no more than 1 of 3 patients experiences unacceptable toxicity, 3 patients are entered on the imaging portion of the study. Once arm I has successfully entered 3 patients with acceptable toxicity profiles and 3 patients in the imaging portion of the study, patient enrollment begins for arm II. Arm II: Cohorts of 3-9 patients receive radiotherapy as in arm I and escalating doses of gadolinium texaphyrin IV administered within 2-5 hours prior to each radiation dose. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of gadolinium texaphyrin is defined as the dose at which no more than one third of the patients experience dose limiting toxicity. Arm III: Patients experiencing dose limiting toxicity in arm II requiring dose reduction below predetermined once a day limit receive gadolinium every other day, with radiotherapy as in arm II. The MTD is defined as in arm II. Arm IV: An additional 3 patients are enrolled at the MTD and enter the imaging portion of the study. Patients are followed for 1 month after final radiation therapy.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: At least 18 patients will be accrued for this study within 6 months.
UNLABELLED: Insulin resistance, defined as an impaired biological response to insulin stimulation in target tissues, arises most frequently in the presence of central obesity. Although obesity is generally associated with increased bone mass, recent data challenge this view and, if complicated by T2DM, obese patients are at high risk for fragility fractures. IR may play a key role in this increased fracture risk through effects on bone quality rather than bone quantity. Further understanding of the mechanisms and approaches to prevent osteoporotic fractures in IR-related diseases is needed.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The dramatic increase in obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) over the last half-century has led to a worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as in the incidence of insulin resistance (IR). IR is defined as an impaired biological response to insulin stimulation in target tissues and is primarily related to the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. The most frequent underlying cause is central obesity, and it is known that excess abdominal adipose tissue secretes increased amounts of free fatty acids, which directly affects insulin signalling, reduces glucose uptake in muscle, and triggers excessive triglyceride synthesis and gluconeogenesis in the liver. When pancreatic β cells are unable to secrete the higher levels of insulin needed, T2DM, the main complication of IR, occurs.
OBSERVATIONS: Although obesity is generally associated with increased bone mass, recent data challenge this view and highlight the multifaceted nature of the obesity-bone relationship. Patients with T2DM are at significant risk for well-known complications of diabetes, including retinopathy, nephropathy, macrovascular disease, and neuropathy, but it is clear that they are also at high risk for fragility fractures. Moreover, recent data provide strong evidence that IR may key role in the increased fracture risk observed in both obesity and T2DM.
CONCLUSIONS: In this concise review article, the role of IR in increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in MetS, obesity, and T2DM is discussed and summarised, including consideration of the need for fracture risk assessment as a 'preventive measure', especially in patients with T2DM and chronic MetS with abdominal obesity. Personalised and targeted diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to prevent osteoporotic fractures in IR-related diseases are needed and could make significant contributions to health outcomes.
Chemotherapy is one of the primary and indispensable intervention against cancers though it is always accompanied by severe side effects especially cachexia. Cachexia is a fatal metabolic disorder syndrome, mainly characterized by muscle loss. Oxidative stress is the key factor that trigger cachectic muscle loss by inducing imbalance in protein metabolism and apoptosis. Here, we showed an oral compound (Z526) exhibited potent alleviating effects on C2C12 myotube atrophy induced by various chemotherapeutic agents in vitro as well as mice muscle loss and impaired grip force induced by oxaliplatin in vivo. Furthermore, Z526 also could ameliorate C2C12 myotube atrophy induced by the combination of chemotherapeutic agents with conditioned medium of various tumor cells in vitro as well as mice muscle atrophy of C26 tumor-bearing mice treated with oxaliplatin. The pharmacological effects of Z526 were based on its potency in reducing oxidative stress in cachectic myocytes and muscle tissues, which inhibited the activation of NF-κB and STAT3 to decrease Atrogin-1-mediated protein degradation, activated the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to promote protein synthesis, regulated Bcl-2/BAX ratio to reduce Caspase-3-triggered apoptosis. Our work suggested Z526 to be an optional strategy for ameliorating cachexia muscle atrophy in the multimodality treatment of cancers.
M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages (M2 TAMs) promote cancer progression. Exosomes mediate cellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the roles of exosomes from M2 TAMs in gastric cancer progression are unclear. Herein, it is reported that M2 TAMs-derived exosomes induced aerobic glycolysis in gastric cancer cells and enhanced their proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance in a glycolysis-dependent manner. It is identified that MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) is enriched in M2 TAM exosomes and confirmed that MALAT1 transfer from M2 TAMs to gastric cancer cells via exosomes mediates this effect. Mechanistically, MALAT1 interacted with the δ-catenin protein and suppressed its ubiquitination and degradation by β-TRCP. In addition, MALAT1 upregulated HIF-1α expression by acting as a sponge for miR-217-5p. The activation of β-catenin and HIF-1α signaling pathways by M2 TAM exosomes collectively led to enhanced aerobic glycolysis in gastric cancer cells. Finally, a dual-targeted inhibition of MALAT1 in both gastric cancer cells and macrophages by exosome-mediated delivery of siRNA remarkably suppressed gastric cancer growth and improved chemosensitivity in mouse tumor models. Taken together, these results suggest that M2 TAMs-derived exosomes promote gastric cancer progression via MALAT1-mediated regulation of glycolysis. The findings offer a potential target for gastric cancer therapy.
The application discloses a rubidium-containing preparation, a preparation method and application, which are used for solving the technical problem of poor effect of inhibiting metastasis of lung cancer tumor cells. Wherein the rubidium-containing preparation comprises rubidium powder, filler and lubricant. The inventor experiments show that the rubidium element can inhibit the metastasis of the lung cancer cells. In order to solve the technical problem of poor effect of treating the metastasis of the lung cancer tumor cells of the human body by using the effect of inhibiting the metastasis of the lung cancer cells by using the rubidium element, the inventor further improves the mode of taking the rubidium element into the human body and provides a rubidium-containing preparation. The medical main material of the rubidium-containing preparation is rubidium powder, and further the rubidium powder consists of a stable isotope 85Rb and a radioactive isotope 87Rb, and the purity of the rubidium powder is 95.50-99.99%. The rubidium-containing preparation provided by the inventor can be applied to preparation of medicines for preventing or treating wet lung and also can be applied to preparation of medicines for preventing or treating lung cancer metastasis.
Some embodiments of the disclosure provide a digital medical image teaching and research system. In some examples, the system includes a management side, a learning side, and a central processing unit. Both the management side and the learning side are connected to the central processing unit. In other examples, the management side includes an administrator login module, a management side control module, a teaching video module, a database, and a network connection module. The management side is configured to acquire medical image data and to generate a teaching video for scientific research personnel to perform scientific research and learning personnel to learn. The learning side includes a learning login module, a teaching video application module, and a learning side control module. The learning side is used for learning the teaching video. In further examples, a scientific research side is for the scientific research personnel to perform scientific research.
Two sessions of training were given using the "Pelvic Floor Health \& Sexual Life in Pregnancy Training Booklet" and the pelvic floor muscle exercise training video developed by the researcher between 18-20 weeks of pregnancy. Before the training, the FSFI and the ICIQ-FLUTS LF were administered to the pregnant women. Pregnant women were asked to perform pelvic floor muscle exercises, 3 sets a day, 3 days a week, for 12 weeks, starting from the 20th week of pregnancy, and record them in the Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise Follow-up Form created by the researcher. By scanning the literature, 1 set of exercise was determined as 8-12 slow contractions (6-8 seconds) followed by 3-4 fast contractions (1 second).
Relacorilant is useful in the treatment of hypercortisolism and cancer. Many drugs useful in treating hypercortisolism or cancer are metabolized by CYP2C9 enzymes. The effects of concomitant administration of relacorilant and a CYP2C9 substrate are disclosed herein. Relacorilant potently inhibited CYP2C9 in an  in vitro  test, indicating that co-administration of relacorilant and a CYP2C9 substrate would be expected to increase the CYP2C9 substrate plasma exposure more than five-fold  in vivo . Significant reductions in CYP2C9 substrate doses would be expected to be required when administered with relacorilant. Surprisingly, no such increase in plasma exposure was seen in human studies. Applicant discloses that relacorilant may be safely co-administered with unmodified doses of a CYP2C9 substrate such as, e.g., tolbutamide, glimepiride, and glipizide. Relacorilant and unmodified doses of CYP2C9 substrate such as tolbutamide, glimepiride, and glipizide may be co-administered to treat hypercortisolism, or may be co-administered to a cancer patient.
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most prevalent type of cancer in young children and is associated with high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was tested for its ability to alter disease progression in a mouse model of B-ALL. Mb1-CreΔPB mice have deletions in genes encoding PU.1 and Spi-B in B cells and develop B-ALL at 100% incidence. Treatment of Mb1-CreΔPB mice with NAC in drinking water significantly reduced the frequency of CD19+ pre-B-ALL cells infiltrating the thymus at 11 weeks of age. However, treatment with NAC did not reduce leukemia progression or increase survival by a median 16 weeks of age. NAC significantly altered gene expression in leukemias in treated mice. Mice treated with NAC had increased frequencies of activating mutations in genes encoding Janus kinases 1 and 3. In particular, frequencies of Jak3 R653H mutations were increased in mice treated with NAC compared with control drinking water. NAC opposed oxidization of PTEN protein ROS in cultured leukemia cells. These results show that NAC alters leukemia progression in this mouse model, ultimately selecting for leukemias with high Jak3 R653H mutation frequencies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In a mouse model of precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with high levels of reactive oxygen species, treatment with N-acetylcysteine did not delay disease progression but instead selected for leukemic clones with activating R653H mutations in Janus kinase 3.
A battery of behavioral tasks will be administered to participants before, and at the beginning and end of a 3 hour clamped exposure to alcohol (fixed at 80 mg/dL). EEG will be recorded throughout to assess event related potentials associated with task performance. Interventions include Abstinence from Alcohol and Usual Drinking.
Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor with high mortality and poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate how single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NID2 gene affect glioma risk and prognosis. Four candidate SNPs of NID2 in 529 glioma patients and 478 healthy controls were successfully genotyped by Agena MassARRAY mass spectrometer. Logistic regression was utilized to assess the associations between NID2 SNPs and glioma risk under different genetic models. Furthermore, the relationship between risk-related SNPs in NID2 and the prognosis of glioma patients was explored through Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curve and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. The results showed that rs11846847 (OR 1.24, p = 0.017) and rs1874569 (OR 1.22, p = 0.026) were significantly associated with an increased risk of glioma, and rs11846847 also had a risk-increasing effect on glioma in participants ≤ 40 years old. The interaction model of rs11846847 and rs1874569 could be more suitable for forecasting glioma risk. We also discovered a significant association between rs1874569 and poor prognosis in glioma patients (HR 1.32, p = 0.039) and especially CC genotype was relevant to shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with high-grade glioma. Additionally, the study demonstrated that gross total resection or chemotherapy improve glioma prognosis in the Chinese Han population. This study is the first to provide evidence for the association of NID2 SNPs with glioma risk and prognosis, suggesting that NID2 variants might be potential factors for glioma.
The invention discloses a medicine for treating rheumatism and sciatica and a preparation method thereof. The medicine comprises the following raw materials: 30-70 parts of frankincense, 20-50 parts of myrrh, 30-70 parts of divaricate saposhnikovia root, 40-65 parts of radix clematidis, 45-75 parts of notopterygium roots, 60-80 parts of radix angelicae pubescentis, 60-90 parts of gaultheria yunnanensis, 70-90 parts of radix aconiti agrestis, 60-90 parts of monkshood, 40-90 parts of fructus evodiae, 60-70 parts of angelica sinensis, 30-70 parts of safflower, 40-50 parts of cinnamon, 40-50 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 20-50 parts of ephedra, 60-90 parts of lycopodium clavatum, 40-80 parts of kadsura pepper stem, 30-60 parts of large-leaved gentian, 20-80 parts of lycium barbarum, 15-25 parts of camphor, 15-20 parts of borneol and 30-50 parts of mint. The preparation method comprises the following steps: grinding the various raw medicinal medicines to pass through a sieve with the granularity of 80-120 meshes, and uniformly mixing, thereby obtaining the product. The medicine disclosed by the invention has an excellent effect of treating rheumatism and sciatica and also has the effects of reducing blood glucose, reducing blood pressure and improving sleep. The medicine is rich in drug source and low in price and does not have any side effect, and the preparation method is simple and easy to operate. Totally 120 cases are treated clinically, the total effective rate is 91.67%, and all the cases have no adverse reaction.
This study examines the clinical efficacy of high-dose naloxone in comatose emergency patients, focusing on its ability to enhance brain metabolism and reduce oxidative stress. A total of 120 patients were randomly assigned to a control group, which received conventional naloxone doses and a study group, which received higher doses. Key outcomes measured included clinical efficacy, time to awakening, blood gas indices, inflammatory factors, consciousness level, neurological recovery and adverse effects. The study group showed a higher response rate (96.67% vs. 83.33%), regained consciousness more quickly and had better blood gas indices and glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores (p<0.05). Neurological function recovery was superior in the study group, with fewer adverse reactions (6.67% vs. 20.00%, p<0.05). These results suggest that high-dose naloxone significantly improves treatment outcomes, enhancing wakefulness, reducing inflammation and improving prognosis in emergency comatose patients, making it a promising option for clinical use.
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a complex disorder caused by lesions or diseases affecting the somatosensory nervous system, severely impacting patients' quality of life. Recent studies suggest ferroptosis may be involved in NP induction, but its precise mechanisms remain unclear. We used GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses to functionally annotate ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (FRDs). Through STRING and the maximum cluster centrality (MCC) algorithm, we identified five hub FRDs (Jun, Timp1, Egfr, Cdkn1a, Cdkn2a). Single-cell analysis revealed significant expression of Jun and Timp1 in neurons. Our study confirmed the association between ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in NP and validated changes in hub FRD expression across various NP animal models. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Jun regulates neuronal ferroptosis and ERS, particularly by modulating Timp1 expression. Transcription factor prediction and JASPAR binding site analysis elucidated the regulatory network involving Jun. ROC curve analysis of external datasets highlighted the diagnostic potential of hub FRDs and ERS-related differentially expressed genes (ERSRDs) in NP. Using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), we identified estradiol (E2) as a potential therapeutic drug targeting hub FRDs and ERSRDs. Molecular docking predicted its binding sites with Jun and Timp1, and in vivo experiments confirmed that E2 alleviated NP and reversed the expression of Jun and Timp1. This study underscores the crucial role of Jun and Timp1 in the interplay between ferroptosis and ERS, offering new insights and promising avenues for NP treatment.
An iontophoresis device includes active and counter electrode assemblies. The active electrode assembly includes an active electrode element and at least two laterally spaced active agent reservoirs. The active electrode assembly may also include an outermost ion selective membrane caching an active agent and a further active agent carried by an outer surface of the outermost ion selective membrane. The active electrode assembly may also include an electrolyte reservoir storing electrolyte and an inner ion selective membrane positioned between the electrolyte reservoir and the active agents. The active electrode may also include an inner withdrawable sealing liner between the electrolyte reservoir and the active agents. An outer release liner may protectively cover or overlay the further active agent and/or outer surface prior to use. The active electrode assembly may also include a blister pack of at least two hydrating agent blisters to selectively hydrate dehydrated active agent.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths in the US. The bulk of new diagnoses typically occurs after the age of 50 for those without personal or family histories of this disease. However, rates of colorectal cancer have been slowly increasing in incidence in those younger than 50, recently prompting the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force to recommend reducing the age of routine screening to 45. The reason for the rising incidence of CRC in younger individuals (eoCRC) is unclear but with many speculative causes postulated. One of the most frequently cited possible causes relates to changes in the young adult colonic microbiome which either removes a protective mechanism or promotes a carcinogenic process. The latter is the hypothesis being persued.

Certain commensal bacteria produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during fermentation of sulfate containing compounds such as sulfur amino acids. For example, Fusobacterium nucleatum produces H2S from metabolizing methionine and cysteine. Atopobium parvulum is another potent H2S producer and is implicated in halitosis. Importantly, H2S has the capacity to induce inflammation and possesses genotoxic and potentially pro-tumorigenic properties, particularly when consistently present over a prolonged period of time. While Fusobacterium and Atopobium are minor members of the normal gut microbiota, recent studies showed that they are overrepresented in CRC patients. The invvestigators published that the relative abundance of A. parvulum was positively correlated with the severity of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, the investigators observed that Il10-/- mice colonized by A. parvulum developed severe colitis, which was attenuated by a chow diet containing the H2S scavenger bismuth. Together, this data suggests that bacteria-derived H2S may contribute to intestinal pathologies including the creation of a pro-inflammatory and pro-carcinogenic environment, which could be modulated by availability of dietary sulfur contents.

One major energy source for H2S producing gut microbiota is taurine, an essential amino acid found in very high levels/concentrations in energy drinks. The typical American diet provides between 123 and 178 mg of taurine daily. However, consumption of one 8-oz energy drink can increase the average taurine intake 6 to 16 times that our regular diet. The hypothesis being persued is that energy-drinks, through their high taurine content, favors expansion of already present bacteria producing H2S, thereby representing an association with a carcinogenic risk-factor that might help explain the rise in eoCRC cases and developing future interventions to mitigate this risk.