anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
A single-chain insulin analog can comprise an insulin B-chain polypeptide sequence linked to an insulin a-chain polypeptide sequence by a linker polypeptide (or C-domain) sequence. The linking polypeptide sequence may be Glu-Xaa-Gly-Pro-Arg-Arg, where Xaa is Glu or Ala. The insulin analogue may additionally comprise a Glu or His substitution at the position corresponding to A8 of human insulin and/or a Glu substitution at the position corresponding to a14 of human insulin. In some embodiments, the insulin analogue may further comprise Pro or Glu at positions corresponding to B28 and B29 of wild-type insulin. Further substitutions may comprise Phe or Trp at the position corresponding to a13 of wild-type insulin and/or Gln, Arg, Phe or Glu at the position corresponding to a17 of wild-type insulin. In some embodiments, a Glu substitution may be present at a position corresponding to B16 of wild-type insulin. In other embodiments, a Cys substitution may be present at a position corresponding to a10 and/or B4 of wild-type insulin. Additionally or alternatively, the analog may comprise a His or Ala substitution at a position corresponding to B22 of wild-type insulin and/or the linking polypeptide sequence may be Glu-Gly-Pro-Ala-His. A method of treating a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus comprises administering a physiologically effective amount of an insulin analogue or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to the patient by means of intravenous, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection.
The role of adenosine receptors in fascial manipulation-induced analgesia has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the involvement of the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) in the antihyperalgesic effect of plantar fascia manipulation (PFM), specifically in mice with peripheral inflammation. Mice injected with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) underwent behavioral, i.e. mechanical hyperalgesia and edema. The mice underwent PFM for either 3, 9 or 15 min. Response frequency to mechanical stimuli was then assessed at 24 and 96 h after plantar CFA injection. The adenosinergic receptors were assessed by systemic (intraperitoneal, i.p.), central (intrathecal, i.t.), and peripheral (intraplantar, i.pl.) administration of caffeine. The participation of the A1R was investigated using the 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX), a selective A1R subtype antagonist. PFM inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia induced by CFA injection and did not reduce paw edema. Furthermore, the antihyperalgesic effect of PFM was prevented by pretreatment of the animals with caffeine given by i.p., i.pl., and i.t. routes. In addition, i.pl. and i.t. administrations of DPCPX blocked the antihyperalgesia caused by PFM. These observations indicate that adenosine receptors mediate the antihyperalgesic effect of PFM. Caffeine's inhibition of PFM-induced antihyperalgesia suggests that a more precise understanding of how fascia-manipulation and caffeine interact is warranted.
This study is a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, clinical trial with 24 healthy volunteers. Participants will be randomized to receive each of the two treatments, TGIR (500mg/capsule, total 1.0g) followed by Placebo (2 matching capsules), or vice-versa, with a week between treatments. Participants will remain in the clinic for a 4-hr observation period each day for a total of 2 clinic visits. During the course of treatment, participants will receive physiological monitoring: heart rate and blood pressure. Any adverse events and side effects will be documented throughout the study, in addition to participant feedback and perceived effects. On each day of treatment (TGIR and placebo-control), participants will receive a standardized test of analgesia using Brief Thermal Sensitization (BTS) and measures of reaction time using a computer-based Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT).
The treatment of neuropathic pain (NeP) often leads to partial or incomplete pain relief, with up to 40 % of patients being pharmaco-resistant. In this chapter the efficacy of neuromodulation techniques in treating NeP is reviewed. It presents a detailed evaluation of the mechanisms of action and evidence supporting the clinical use of the most common approaches like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), invasive motor cortex stimulation (iMCS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG-S), and peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS). Current literature suggests that motor cortex rTMS is effective for peripheral and central NeP, and TENS for peripheral NeP. Evidence for tDCS is inconclusive. DBS is reserved for research settings due to heterogeneous results, while iMSC has shown efficacy in a small randomized trial in neuropathic pain due to stroke and brachial plexus avulsion. SCS has moderate evidence for painful diabetic neuropathy and failed back surgery syndrome, but trials were not controlled with sham. DRG-S and PNS have shown positive results for complex regional pain syndrome and post-surgical neuropathic pain, respectively. Adverse effects vary, with non-invasive techniques showing local discomfort, dizziness and headache, and DBS and SCS hardware-related issues. To date, non-invasive techniques have been more extensively studied and some are included in international guidelines, while the evidence level for invasive techniques are less robust, potentially suggesting their use in a case-by-case indication considering patient´s preferences, costs and expected benefits.
BACKGROUND: The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a benign developmental cyst of the jaws that is characterized by a high recurrence rate.
METHODS: A systematic review is presented of reported cases, case series, and retrospective studies of recurrent cases of glandular odontogenic cysts, to determine the overall and detailed demographic features with documentation of the specific histologic features of the initial presentation of each cyst. Searches of detailed databases were carried out to identify articles published in the English language from 1988 to 2023. The variables were demographics, patient symptoms, cyst location, radiographic features, histopathological findings, type of treatment, and minimum eight months of follow-up.
RESULTS: Eighteen cases were identified: with an equal gender presentation of 50% females and 50% males. The average age was 44.7. The mean size was 3.5 cm. The most common location was in the anterior mandible in 50% (n = 9) of cases, followed by the posterior mandible 27.8% (n = 5). Most patients were asymptomatic 55.6% (n = 10). The most common histologic features at first diagnosis were mucous cells in 88.9% (n = 16), variable thickness with 83.3% (n = 15), eosinophilic cuboidal cells 88.9% (n = 16), microcysts 83.3% (n = 15), and clear cells 77.8% (n = 14) cases.
CONCLUSION: GOC has an aggressive behavior. Evidence was not conclusive to link any single or combination of histologic features to recurrence, and the strongest correlation for recurrence was the type of treatment. Since this is an uncommon cyst, more cases are needed. Follow-up should continue for at least five years, because recurrences were higher between years 3 and 5.
The reading intervention will be provided to participant dyads (people with dementia and their cohabiting caregivers) allocated to the second intervention. Caregivers will be trained to use the reading intervention in three 2-hour training sessions with an intervention trainer. Training will take place at the dyad's home. The caregiver will then be asked to deliver the reading intervention to the person with dementia at least 5x per week for 30 minutes.
As with all opioids, the minimum effective plasma concentration for analgesia varies widely among patients, especially among patients who have been previously treated with potent agonist opioids. As a result, patients must be treated with individualized titration of dosage to the desired effect. The minimum effective analgesic concentration of morphine for any individual patient may increase over time due to an increase in pain, the development of new pain syndrome and/or the development of analgesic tolerance.

###  Plasma Level-Analgesia Relationships 

In any particular patient, both analgesic effects and plasma morphine concentrations are related to the morphine dose. In non-tolerant individuals, plasma morphine concentration-efficacy relationships have been demonstrated and suggest that opiate receptors occupy effector compartments, leading to a lag-time, or hysteresis, between rapid changes in plasma morphine concentrations and the effects of such changes. The most direct and predictable concentration-effect relationships can, therefore, be expected at distribution equilibrium and/or steady-state conditions.

While plasma morphine-efficacy relationships can be demonstrated in non-tolerant individuals, they are influenced by a wide variety of factors and are not generally useful as a guide to the clinical use of morphine. The effective dose in opioid-tolerant patients may be significantly greater than the appropriate dose for opioid-naive individuals. Dosages of morphine should be chosen and must be titrated on the basis of clinical evaluation of the patient and the balance between therapeutic and adverse effects.

For any fixed dose and dosing interval, Morphine Sulfate Extended-Release Tablets will have at steady-state, a lower Cmax and a higher Cmin than conventional morphine.

###  Concentration - Adverse Experience Relationships 

Morphine Sulfate Extended-Release Tablets are associated with typical opioid-related adverse experiences. There is a general relationship between increasing morphine plasma concentration and increasing frequency of dose-related opioid adverse experiences such as nausea, vomiting, CNS effects, and respiratory depression. In opioid-tolerant patients, the situation is altered by the development of tolerance to opioid-related side effects, and the relationship is not clinically relevant.

As with all opioids, the dose must be individualized (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION), because the effective analgesic dose for some patients will be too high to be tolerated by other patients.
A cough detection, analysis, and communication platform may be provided. The platform may comprise methods, systems, and devices for detecting, analyzing, and communicating cough detection data. A cough detection device may comprise at least one microphone and analytic firmware used to employ methods of detecting, analyzing, and communicating the cough detection data. The analytic software may be updated to use the appropriate algorithms for an individual or corresponding demographic based on, for example, age and disease, with abnormal cough frequency components, abnormal cough frequency profiles, and alert thresholds. The cough detection device may be configured to communicate cough detection data to a server. The server, in turn, may be operative to process and communicate the data to a third party, such as, for example, a physician. Systems may further be operative to provide a user interface (e.g., mobile or web applications) for interfacing with the platform.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The safety data described in this section reflect exposure to GAMIFANT in which 34 patients with untreated primary HLH and previously treated patients with primary HLH (NCT01818492) received GAMIFANT at a starting dose of 1 mg/kg every 3 days with dose increases up to 10 mg/kg [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1) and Clinical Studies ( 14)] . The median duration of treatment with GAMIFANT was 59 days (range: 4 to 245 days) and the median cumulative dose was 25 mg/kg (range: 4 to 254 mg/kg). 

The median age of study population was 1 year (range: 0.1 to 13 years), 53% were female, and 65% were Caucasian.

Serious adverse reactions were reported in 53% of patients. The most common serious adverse reactions (≥ 3%) included infections, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and multiple organ dysfunction. Fatal adverse reactions occurred in two (6%) of patients and included septic shock and gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Disseminated histoplasmosis led to drug discontinuation in one patient. The most commonly reported adverse reactions (≥ 20%) were infections, hypertension, infusion-related reactions, and pyrexia. Adverse reactions reported in ≥ 10% of patients during treatment with GAMIFANT are presented in Table 2. 

Additional selected adverse reactions (all grades) that were reported in less than 10% of patients treated with GAMIFANT included: vomiting, acute kidney injury, asthenia, bradycardia, dyspnea, gastro-intestinal hemorrhage, epistaxis, and peripheral edema.
Modified 3M Peltor Tactical 300 Electronic Hearing Protector. The modification consists of connecting the left microphone to the right microphone tab on the circuit board, and vice versa.
ROMA:Women will leverage the infrastructure and the existing women population of the ROMA trial. ROMA:Women has two key Aims. In Aim 1, the investigators will compare major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (death, stroke, non-procedural myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization and hospital readmission for acute coronary syndrome or heart failure) in a cohort of 2,000 women randomized 1:1 to MAG or SAG (690 from the parent ROMA trial + 1,310 from ROMA:Women). In Aim 2, the investigators will compare generic (SF-12, EQ-5D) and disease-specific (Seattle Angina Questionnaire) QOL and physical and mental health symptoms (PROMIS-29) in a sub-cohort of 500 women randomized 1:1 to MAG or SAG. Differences by important subgroups (patients younger or older than 70 years, diabetics, racial and ethnic minorities, on vs off pump CABG, type of arterial grafts used) will also be evaluated.

ROMA:Women is a two-arm, international, multi-center, randomized clinical trial nested in the ROMA trial. ROMA:Women will include all the women enrolled in the parent ROMA trial and will leverage the existing ROMA infrastructure including clinical trial unit, database, case report forms (CRF), randomization system, site training resources, informed consent forms (ICF), regulatory approvals, Central Events Review Committee (CEC) processes/personnel, network of participating sites, site PIs, and study coordinators. The planned randomization procedure, interventions and treatment arms, outcome assessments and follow-up protocol of ROMA:Women are identical to those of the currently ongoing parent ROMA trial. The sites participating in ROMA will continue enrollment of women after the completion of the ROMA trial and additional sites will also be opened to reach the target sample size of ROMA:Women.
Diseases, aging, trauma, environmental exposure, infection and other events or agents can alter tissue function. In one embodiment, treatment is provided by therapeutically altering tissue function. This may be by continuing normal tissue function, suppressing tissue function, or enhancing tissue function. In a preferred embodiment, this treatment is effectuated by penetrating an organ, organ component or tissue structure and placing a supplemental material in a newly created space. This space is generally referred to herein as a 'privileged space', i.e. a space not otherwise present in native tissue. Supplemental materials can be deposited and secured within the zone. Supplemental materials include materials forming barriers, supports, and/or materials that deliver agents having a pharmacologic, biochemical, or physiologic effect in vivo. Suitable supplemental materials include polymeric and non-polymeric materials, pharmacologic agents, cells, tissue fragments, microorganisms, viral agents, or other reagents modifying tissue function. The supplemental material is typically in the form of a reservoir/depot, or continuous or discontinuous layer. In one embodiment, supplemental materials, and methods of use thereof, are provided for the continuous or discontinuous therapy of defined regions of an organ, organ component or tissue structure. The supplemental materials may be delivered directly to any one or more of the three zones, endoluminal (or ectomural, for solid organs), endomural, or ectoluminal, of organs, organ components, or tissue structures. The supplemental materials can include natural or synthetic polymeric materials that are biodegradable or non-biodegradable. The supplemental materials can also contain bioactive agents to effectuate a change in an organ or organ component in need thereof. For example, agents that result in a reduced/hyponormal response or an amplified/hypernormal response may be included in the supplemental materials.
An improved method of treatment of ulcer-type skin conditions. The method is primarily characterized by applying a combination of nitroglycerin and arginine. The composition may be applied topically or injectablely. Also, the method provides for the skin wound to be substantially free from debridement or washing. Further, the skin wound is typically covered with some breathable adhesive such that the wound is exposed to surrounding air and remains substantially free from undue moisture. This treatment regimen is particularly effective in improving blood flow in the underlying capillary bed about the wound, improving nerve growth about the wound, increasing circulation, and having a standardized and more predictable therapeutic characteristic.
Peripheral nerve block is becoming increasingly popular technique for postoperative pain relief and is also established as a part of multimodal analgesia and enhanced recovery program. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a regional technique for providing analgesia of the anterolateral abdominal wall. TAP block are commonly given in patients who have undergone various abdominal as well as pelvic surgeries such as caesarean section, hysterectomy, appendicectomy and various laparoscopic surgeries.The Purpose of a TAP block is to infiltrate local anaesthetic agents in the plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles thereby providing effective postoperative analgesia. Earlier the blind TAP block (through lumbar triangle of Petit) was commonly given but with widespread use of ultrasound nowadays it is almost always given under ultrasound guidance. Accuracy and efficacy of TAP block is significantly improved under ultrasound guidance because under ultrasound guidance the anesthetic agent can be properly deposited in the neurovascular plane. Ultrasound provides real time and direct visualisation of needle during infiltration of local anaesthetic drug.
The invention discloses a tanshinone microemulsion. A carrier is loaded with tanshinone. The microemulsion has antibacterial, antioxidant, acne treatment and pockmark treatment effects. The invention is characterized in that the method for preparing the microemulsion is a constant-temperature stirring method. The carrier comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.01 to 5 percent of tanshinone, 8 to 25 percent of emulsifier, 2 to 18 percent of lipid material and the balance of deionized water, wherein the emulsifier is made of PEG-40, hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-8 caprylin/caprin, polyoxyethylene (21) stearate, Tween-20, Tween-60, Tween-80, ethyoxyl diethylene glycol, lecithin, polyethyleneglycol (PEG) (30) dipolyhydroxy stea, Polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-200, ethanol, propylene glycol, or 1,3-butylene glycol. The lipid material may be glyceryl triacetate, octyl and decyl glycerate, glyceride (L), isopropyl myristate, glyceryl monostearate or the ACETEM. The microemulsion has high stability and can be loaded with high-content tanshinone; the preparation method is simple and controllable with good repeating capacity; and the microemulsion can be used in cosmetics for treating acne and pockmark.
The invention belongs to the field of veterinary drug formulations, and particularly relates to a mixed-drinkable nanocrystalline solid dispersion formulation of florfenicol, the preparation method and the use thereof. The formulation is mainly prepared from an active ingredient, i.e., bulk florfenicol, a space stabilizer, a charge stabilizer, a wetting agent and a protective agent. The preparation method comprises the following Steps: a space stabilizer is added into hot water, to which a charge stabilizer and a wetting agent are added, stirred until clear and cooled to room temperature; florfenicol is added and uniformly dispersed, and subsequently, is ground by wet medium grinding; a protective agent is added into the resultant grinding Suspension, which is then subjected to spray drying. The formulation prepared by the invention exists in the form of nanocrystal. The solubility, the dissolution and the bioavailability of florfenicol are all improved, and its curative effect is also enhanced by the preparation method in the invention, in which the wet medium grinding is combined with spray drying. The formulation can be rapidly dispersed and maintain stable Suspension state when contacts with water. The formulation is convenient to use and can be used for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases of poultry and livestock.
The safety and effectiveness of Amphadase® have been established in pediatric patients. Use of Amphadase® in these patients is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies. Clinical hydration requirements for children can be achieved through administration of subcutaneous fluids facilitated with Amphadase®.

The dosage of subcutaneous fluids administered is dependent upon the age, weight, and clinical condition of the patient as well as laboratory determinations. The potential for chemical or physical incompatibilities should be kept in mind [see Drug Interactions (7)].

The rate and volume of subcutaneous fluid administration should not exceed those employed for intravenous infusion. For premature infants or during the neonatal period, the daily dosage should not exceed 25 mL/kg of body weight, and the rate of administration should not be greater than 2 mL per minute.

During subcutaneous fluid administration, special care must be taken in pediatric patients to avoid over hydration by controlling the rate and total volume of the infusion [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
Patients affected by chronic hepatitis C not responding to a course with approved doses of PEGinterferon alpha plus ribavirin therapy (i.e. at least 1.0 mcg/kg PEGinterferon alpha2b, 180 mcg PEGinterferon alfa2a, 800 mg ribavirin).
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship are not understood. While it is well established that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble levels of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) increase during early stages of AD, how sTREM2 levels behave in subjects with MDD is not known. In a longitudinal study, we measured CSF sTREM2 levels in 27 elderly cognitively intact individuals with late-life major depression (LLMD) and in 19 healthy controls. We tested the hypothesis that, similarly to what happens in early stages of AD, CSF sTREM2 would be elevated in MDD. In addition, we compared the associations of CSF sTREM2, pro- and anti- inflammatory, and AD biomarkers in LLMD and control subjects. Surprisingly, we found that mean CSF sTREM2 levels were significantly reduced in LLMD compared to controls. This reduction was no longer significant at the 3-year follow-up visit when depression severity improved. In addition, we found that CSF sTREM2 was associated with AD biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines in controls but not in LLMD. These findings suggest that impaired microglia phagocytic response to AD pathology may be a novel link between MDD and AD.