anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Liver resection is for many patients with primary or secondary hepatic malignancies the only curative treatment option. Often, the complete clearance of the hepatic tumor disease can be only achieved by extended liver resections. Clinical studies have demonstrated that intra-operative blood loss is associated reduced outcome after major liver resection. An effective strategy to reduce blood loss is the occlusion of the portal triad (Pringle manoeuvre). On the other hand, inflow occlusion results in ischemia- and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Randomized trials have shown that ischemic preconditioning (10 min clamping, 10 min reperfusion) and intermittent clamping (15 min clamping, 5 min reperfusion) result in reduction of the I/R injury. Another potential strategy to reduce I/R injury is the pharmacological protection. One promising drug is pentoxyfilline (PTF) which has vasodilative and hemorheologic effects. Furthermore, PTF suppresses the TNF release. These effects may be also protective in major liver resection under inflow occlusion (Pringle manoeuvre)and increase the liver regeneration. Therefore, we designed a randomised prospective trial to investigate the effects of PTF treatment in liver resection under inflow occlusion. The specific aims of the research project are:The investigators hypothecate that pentoxyfilline increases significantly the liver regeneration and reduces significantly ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury in liver using aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as marker of I/R injury.
The title substance, MAAF, consists mainly of neutral sugars esp. arabinose and galactose, the remainder being amino acids, including alanine, glutamic acid, meso-alpha, alpha 1-diaminopimelic acid and galactosamine. MAAF is prepd. by culturing the mycobacteria, washing with solvent until lipid-free, hydrogenating, washing the prodt. with a non-solvent for MAAF, and finally extracting the MAAF into water. This extract may be treated to opt. ppte. the MAAF.
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of ultrasound stimulation in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been reported in previous studies, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of ultrasound stimulation on the proportion and function of microglia of different phenotypes, as well as on the levels of inflammatory factors. Additionally, it revealed the alterations in proteomic molecules in the mouse hippocampus following ultrasound stimulation treatment, aiming to uncover potential new molecular mechanisms.
METHODS: Ultrasound stimulation was used to stimulate the hippocampus for 30 min per day for 5 days in the ultrasound stimulation-treated group. Amyloid plaque deposition was measured using immunofluorescence staining. M1 and M2 type microglia were labeled using immunofluorescent double staining, and the ratio was calculated. The levels of Aβ42, IL-10, and TNF-α were determined using ELISA kits. The quantitative proteomics method was employed to explore molecular changes in hippocampal proteins.
RESULTS: Ultrasound stimulation treatment reduced the average fluorescence intensity of amyloid plaques and the concentration of Aβ42. Compared to the AD group, ultrasound stimulation resulted in a 14% reduction in the proportion of M1 microglia and a 12% increase in the proportion of M2 microglia. The concentration of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was significantly increased in the ultrasound stimulation-treated group. Proteomics analysis revealed 753 differentially expressed proteins between the ultrasound stimulation-treated and AD groups, with most being enriched in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway of mitochondria. Additionally, the activity of cytochrome c oxidase, involved in oxidative phosphorylation, was increased after ultrasound stimulation treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound stimulation affects microglial polarization, reduces amyloid plaque load, and enhances levels of anti-inflammatory factors in APP/PS1 mice. Proteomics analysis reveals molecular changes in hippocampal proteins after ultrasound stimulation treatment. The mechanism behind ultrasound stimulation-induced modulation of microglial polarization may be related to changes in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to endocrinology, and can be used for selecting a drug-induced pharmacotherapy for non-diabetic hypoglycaemia (NDH). 72-hour fasting test is performed with continuous monitoring of blood glucose concentration. If glucose concentration is reduced to 2.8 mmol/l, the level of insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, autoantibodies to insulin, IGF1, IGF2 in venous blood is measured. Time (t) is measured from the beginning of the test until the glucose concentration is reduced to value of 2.8 mmol/l. In case t ≥ 9 hours, diagnose the lung ergometry, wherein nutrition is prescribed 6 times a day with inclusion of complex carbohydrates into the diet. If t is within range of 3 < t < 9 hours, the patient is diagnosed with moderate-moderate clinical course. Drug treatment is prescribed if observing the following factors during the NDH episode: generalized convulsions, behavioural disorders, including unmotivated aggression, emotional lability, motor excitement, as well as loss of consciousness, to whom; patient's age over 60 years; severe accompanying diseases, including ischemic heart disease, cardiac rhythm disturbance, psychiatric diseases, severe neurological diseases. In the absence of said factors, nutrition is prescribed every 3–4 hours with introduction of complex carbohydrates into the diet. In case t ≤ 3 hours, diagnosing the severe clinical NDH, prescribing drug-induced treatment. Medicated if observing moderate to severe NDH is prescribed depending on measured blood parameters: with insulin content 3 mcU/ml and more, C-peptide 0.6 ng/ml and more, proinsulin 5 pmol/l and more, and insulin antibodies of less than 10 Unit/ml is prescribed diazoxide in an initial dose of 50 mg every 8 hours with NDH of severe course and 50 mg once a day in moderate moderate clinical shock, or somatostatin or glucocorticoid once a day in moderate flow and once in 12 hours in severe; if the insulin content is more than 100 mcU/ml, C-peptide is 0.6 ng/ml and more, proinsulin is 5 pmol/l and more, and the insulin antibody is more than 10 Units/ml or if the insulin content is less than 3 mcU/ml, C-peptide less than 0.6 ng/ml, proinsulin less than 5 pmol/l and a ratio of IGF2:IGF1 10:1 and more, glucocorticoids are prescribed every 12 hours in severe and once a day for moderate-to-severe NDH.EFFECT: method enables timely prescription of drug-induced correction of NDH, which will prevent development of hypoglycemic episodes in patients, as well as avoiding unreasonable prescription of drug therapy to patients by determining the hypoglycaemia frequency during a standard test with 72-hour fasting and determining additional factors.6 cl, 4 dwg, 3 ex
Formoterol fumarate is a long-acting, beta 2-adrenergic receptor agonist (beta 2-agonist). Inhaled formoterol fumarate acts locally in the lung as a bronchodilator. In vitrostudies have shown that formoterol has more than 200-fold greater agonist activity at beta 2-receptors than at beta 1-receptors. Although beta 2-receptors are the predominant adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and beta 1-receptors are the predominant receptors in the heart, there are also beta 2-receptors in the human heart comprising 10% to 50% of the total beta-adrenergic receptors. The precise function of these receptors has not been established, but they raise the possibility that even highly selective beta 2-agonists may have cardiac effects. 

  


The pharmacologic effects of beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist drugs, including formoterol, are at least in part attributable to stimulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Increased cyclic AMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. 

In vitrotests show that formoterol is an inhibitor of the release of mast cell mediators, such as histamine and leukotrienes, from the human lung. Formoterol also inhibits histamine-induced plasma albumin extravasation in anesthetized guinea pigs and inhibits allergen-induced eosinophil influx in dogs with airway hyper-responsiveness. The relevance of these in vitroand animal findings to humans with COPD is unknown.
The purpose of this research is to tease out the mechanisms related to changes in insulin sensitivity, metabolism, hormones, and body composition following bariatric surgery. Because preliminary data indicate differing responses to this surgery, both Caucasian and African American adults, scheduled for RYGB, are being recruited to participate. It is believed that the omentum contributes to hepatic insulin resistance, both because of the increased delivery of NEFAs via the portal vein, and the increased production of cytokines. Because of this, it is postulated that removing the omentum as part of bariatric surgery will speed up the reversal of insulin resistance and diminish racial differences in response to the surgery.

Data are derived from tissue and blood samples obtained operatively (from individuals having bariatric surgery and other abdominal operations), as well as during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, from indirect calorimetry, DEXA, Health-related Quality of Life surveys, and 24-hour urine samples. There were 66 participants randomized to omentectomy/no omentectomy. A post hoc data power analysis determined that this number of subjects is sufficient for data analysis.
CRF ANALOGS                  ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Analogs of rCRF and oCRF are disclosed that can be administered to achieve a substantial elevation of ACTH, .beta.-endorphin, B-lipotropin, other products of the pro-opiomelanocortin gene and corticosterone levels and/or a lowering of blood pressure over an extended period of time.  One analog which has been found to be particularly potent is:   . In the analogs, one or more of the first five N-terminal residues may be deleted or may be substituted by a peptide up to 10 amino acids long and/or by an acylating agent containing up to 7 carbon atoms.  A number of other substitutions may also be made throughout the chain.  These analogs or pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salts thereof, dispersed in a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable liquid or solid carrier, can be administered to mammals, including humans.  These analogs may also be used as stimulants to elevate mood and improve memory and learning, as well as diagnostically.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: End stage kidney disease can be a slow process and it may be challenging to achieve required follow-up for sufficient events. Therefore, a surrogate kidney endpoint, such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope maybe attractive to assess the kidney in cardiovascular trials, especially heart failure (HF).
RECENT FINDINGS: eGFR slope can generate informative results in a shorter follow-up period, has decreased risk of type-2 error, and is less sensitive to eGFR shifts compared with other surrogate kidney endpoints (eGFR decline≥40% or doubling creatinine). However, eGFR slope has its limitations with acute effects, heterogeneity in slope calculation/reporting, and deviations from linearity. eGFR slope is a kidney endpoint which may be well-suited for HF trials. Cross-collaborated guideline recommendations are needed to optimize the use of eGFR slope as a kidney endpoint in patients with HF.
BACKGROUND: Although elevated heart rate is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in healthy people, the association between resting heart rate and major cardiovascular risk in patients after acute ischemic stroke remains debated. This study evaluated the association between heart rate and major adverse cardiovascular events after ischemic stroke.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing data from the Chang Gung Research Database for 21,655 patients with recent ischemic stroke enrolled between January 1, 2010, and September 30, 2018. Initial in-hospital heart rates were averaged and categorized into 10-beats per minute (bpm) increments. The primary outcome was the composite of hospitalization for recurrent ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were hospitalization for recurrent ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, using the heart rate < 60 bpm subgroup as the reference.
RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 3.2 years, the adjusted hazard ratios for the primary outcome were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.26) for heart rate 60-69 bpm, 1.35 (95% CI: 1.22 to 1.50) for heart rate 70-79 bpm, 1.64 (95% CI: 1.47 to 1.83) for heart rate 80-89 bpm, and 2.08 (95% CI: 1.85 to 2.34) for heart rate ≥ 90 bpm compared with the reference group. Heart rate ≥ 70 bpm was associated with increased risk of all secondary outcomes compared with the reference group except heart failure.  CONCLUSIONS: Heart rate is a simple measurement with important prognostic implications. In patients with ischemic stroke, initial in-hospital heart rate was associated with major adverse cardiovascular events.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) has a catastrophic prognosis. Blinatumomab, a CD3/CD19-directed bispecific T cell engager, is reportedly effective for advanced B-cell ALL (B-ALL), even after allo-HCT. However, the efficacy of blinatumomab in extramedullary relapse (EMR) is controversial. Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is another immunological treatment worth considering for ALL relapsed after allo-HCT. We report the case of a 56-year-old woman with B-ALL. Allo-HCT was performed during the second complete remission (CR). Thirteen months after allo-HCT, isolated EMR (iEMR) of B-ALL developed without bone marrow lesions. A third CR was achieved with 2 cycles of blinatumomab. An additional four cycles each of blinatumomab and DLI were then administered. The patient did not develop graft-versus-host disease and has confirmed 2-year treatment-free remission without a second allo-HCT. Therefore, blinatumomab was considered an effective salvage therapy for iEMR of B-ALL after allo-HCT, because iEMR could have a lower tumor burden than that seen in systemic relapse, and low tumor burden was a prognostic factor for response to blinatumomab. Furthermore, immunological consolidation therapies could only provoke graft-versus-leukemia effects if the imbalanced effector/target ratio was restored and the tumor burden was lowered through immunosurveillance.
BACKGROUND: Cholestatic pruritus and fatigue are debilitating conditions associated with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and can significantly impact patients' quality of life. Pruritus in PBC often worsens at night and patients frequently report sleep disturbance, which contributes to cognitive symptoms and fatigue. Linerixibat is an ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of pruritus associated with PBC and was recently assessed versus placebo in the Phase 2b GLIMMER trial. This post-hoc analysis assesses the relationship between pruritus severity and sleep disturbance in participants of GLIMMER regardless of treatment group.
METHODS: GLIMMER (NCT02966834), a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, recruited 147 patients with PBC and moderate-to-severe pruritus. Following 4 weeks single-blind placebo, patients (randomized 3:1) received linerixibat or placebo for 12 weeks (to Week 16). Participants graded their itch (twice daily) and its interference with sleep (once daily) in an electronic diary using a 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS). Weekly and monthly itch scores were calculated as the mean of the worst daily itch score over the respective time period. At study visits, participants completed the 5-D itch scale and the PBC-40 quality of life questionnaire, both of which contain an item specific to itch-related sleep disturbance. The impact of pruritus on sleep was assessed post hoc through correlations between the changes in NRS, 5-D itch, and PBC-40.
RESULTS: Strong correlations were found between change from baseline in weekly itch and sleep NRS scores (r = 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83; 0.91]) at the end of treatment (Week 16), as well as in monthly itch and sleep NRS scores (r = 0.84 [95% CI: 0.80; 0.87]). Patients with improved weekly pruritus score severity category demonstrated reduced perceived sleep interference on average. Itch responders (≥2-point improvement in weekly itch score from baseline) displayed larger improvements in weekly sleep NRS score, 5-D itch, and PBC-40 sleep items, than itch non-responders (<2-point improvement).
CONCLUSIONS: A strong correlation exists between changes in pruritus severity and sleep interference in patients with PBC; pruritus reduction could generate concomitant improvement in sleep.
AIM: To assess respiratory symptoms and nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux (nGER) among untreated obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients, compared with the general population. Also, if nGER associates differently with respiratory symptoms among OSA patients.
METHODS: 2 study cohorts were included: 822 newly diagnosed subjects with moderate-severe OSA and 738 Icelandic general population study participants. All participants answered the same questionnaires. Those reporting nGER symptoms at least once per week were defined as 'with nGER'; those without nGER symptoms and without nGER medication were defined as 'no nGER'; and other participants were defined as having 'possible nGER'. Propensity score-based weights were used to minimise confounding and selection bias and facilitate causal interpretations.
RESULTS: The prevalence of nGER among OSA patients was 14.1%, compared with 5.8% in the general population. This increased prevalence in OSA was not explained by differences in age, gender, body mass index, smoking, hypertension and diabetes (adjusted OR (95% CI)=3.79 (2.24 to 6.43)). OSA patients 'with nGER' and with 'possible nGER' reported more wheezing (44% and 44% vs 25%, respectively) and productive cough (47% and 42% vs 29%, respectively), compared with OSA patients with 'no nGER'. The same pattern was seen in the general population, although with a generally lower prevalence. The effect of nGER on respiratory symptoms was similar between the two cohorts.
CONCLUSION: nGER was more often reported among untreated moderate-severe OSA patients than in the general population. Participants with nGER had more wheezing and productive cough, both among untreated OSA patients and in the general population.
Storage of EPKINLY Solution in the Syringe

Use EPKINLY solution in the syringe immediately. If not used immediately, store the solution refrigerated at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) for up to 24 hours or at room temperature at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) for up to 12 hours. The total storage time from the start of dose preparation to administration should not exceed 24 hours. Protect from direct sunlight. Discard unused EPKINLY solution beyond the allowable storage time.

Administration of EPKINLY

To minimize injection pain, allow EPKINLY solution to equilibrate to room temperature for no more than 1 hour before administration. Inject the required volume of EPKINLY into the subcutaneous tissue of the lower part of the abdomen (preferred injection site) or the thigh. 

Change of injection site from the left or right side or vice versa is recommended, especially during the weekly administrations (Cycles 1 to 3). Do not inject into tattoos or scars or areas where the skin is red, bruised, tender, hard, or not intact.
The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine decoction for treating acute mastitis. According to the traditional Chinese medical science, the acute mastitis is mainly caused by Qi and blood circulation stagnation, breast channel obstruction and milk long-depression heat-transmission pyosis which are caused by milk accumulation. Therefore, traditional Chinese medicines with the functions of clearing heat and removing toxicity, promoting circulation and removing stasis and activating meridians to stop pain are selected and made into the decoction for patients to take, wherein the traditional Chinese medicines comprise delavay dobinea root, semiaquilegia seed, java speedwell, cantonese ampelopsis, fructus forsythia, pericarpium citri reticulatae viride, rhizoma alismatis, trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, dalbergia wood, trogopterus dung, radix paeoniae rubra, Uniflower Swisscentaury Root and nux vomica. By clinical tests, the curative ratio reaches 85.4 percent, and the total effective rate reaches 100 percent. Clinical symptoms and physical signs are obviously improved before and after treatment. The traditional Chinese medicine decoction for treating the acute mastitis is worthy of clinically popularizing and applying.
Age and gender matched healthy individuals without COVID-19. Blood sampling (at day 1) and saliva sampling at different time points (0.800, 12.00, 18.00,22.00) the next day (all sampling in one day-day 2).
PURPOSE: A VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor) fusion protein and expression vector thereof for treating VEGF dependent disease are provided. The vector expresses VEGF in high yield when transfected into eukaryotes, especially mammary culture cells and when injected into the tissue in vivo. CONSTITUTION: An expression vector for eukaryotes, which expresses fusion protein, is characterized by jointing partial gene or whole gene which codes a fusion protein, into partial gene or whole gene which codes VEGF isoform protein. The gene coding fusion protein is characterized by immunoglobulin gene(IgG). The IgG gene is characterized by Fc section of human IgG. The VEGF gene is cDNA of VEGF121 protein and expression vector pCN-VEGF/Fc for eucaryotes is represented by the figure 2. Transformed recombinant E.coli strain, Top10-pCN-VEGF/Fc (KFCC-11082) is transformed with the pCN-VEGF/Fc vector.
An text message sent 7 days prior then 48 hours before a booked/timed appointment. The content of the message will be the same as the Behavioural text, however the link will be replaced with a weblink to an animated video. This video has been designed through an extensive co-design process involving several behavioural change techniques designed to overcome barriers highlighted in this qualitative work.
VAFSEO may cause hepatotoxicity. In clinical trials, hepatocellular injury attributed to VAFSEO was reported in less than 1% of patients, including one case of severe hepatocellular injury with jaundice. All events were asymptomatic and resolved after discontinuation of VAFSEO. The time to onset was generally within the first 3 months of treatment.

Elevated serum ALT, AST, and bilirubin were seen in 1.8%, 1.8% and 0.3% of CKD patients treated with VAFSEO, respectively. 

Measure ALT, AST and bilirubin prior to the initiation of VAFSEO and monthly after initiation for the first 6 months and then monitor as clinically indicated [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. 

Discontinue VAFSEO if there is persistent ALT or AST greater than 3 times ULN or if ALT or AST elevations greater than 3 times upper limit of normal (ULN) are accompanied by a bilirubin increase greater than 2 times ULN.

VAFSEO is not recommended in patients with cirrhosis or active, acute liver disease.
Obese subjects will receive GSK3008356 or matching placebo, as 28 daily doses in the three parallel cohorts. Cohort 1 will evaluate 1 dose strength of GSK3008356 (or matching placebo) administered as morning doses. Cohorts 2 and 3 will evaluate 2 dose strengths (1 per cohort) of GSK3008356 (or matching placebo) administered in the evening. Ten subjects will be enrolled in each cohort.