anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Viral cardiac infection represents a significant clinical challenge encompassing several etiological agents, disease stages, complex presentation, and a resulting lack of mechanistic understanding. Myocarditis is a major cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults, where current knowledge in the field is dominated by later disease phases and pathological immune responses. However, little is known regarding how infection can acutely induce an arrhythmogenic substrate before significant immune responses. Adenovirus is a leading cause of myocarditis, but due to species specificity, models of infection are lacking, and it is not understood how adenoviral infection may underlie sudden cardiac arrest. Mouse adenovirus type-3 was previously reported as cardiotropic, yet it has not been utilized to understand the mechanisms of cardiac infection and pathology.
METHODS: We have developed mouse adenovirus type-3 infection as a model to investigate acute cardiac infection and molecular alterations to the infected heart before an appreciable immune response or gross cardiomyopathy.
RESULTS: Optical mapping of infected hearts exposes decreases in conduction velocity concomitant with increased Cx43Ser368 phosphorylation, a residue known to regulate gap junction function. Hearts from animals harboring a phospho-null mutation at Cx43Ser368 are protected against mouse adenovirus type-3-induced conduction velocity slowing. Additional to gap junction alterations, patch clamping of mouse adenovirus type-3-infected adult mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes reveals prolonged action potential duration as a result of decreased IK1 and IKs current density. Turning to human systems, we find human adenovirus type-5 increases phosphorylation of Cx43Ser368 and disrupts synchrony in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, indicating common mechanisms with our mouse whole heart and adult cardiomyocyte data.
CONCLUSIONS: Together, these findings demonstrate that adenoviral infection creates an arrhythmogenic substrate through direct targeting of gap junction and ion channel function in the heart. Such alterations are known to precipitate arrhythmias and likely contribute to sudden cardiac death in acutely infected patients.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a patch controlled in the release of at least two compounds into skin by adding the compounds having different solubilities, respectively, to a hydrophobic polymer compounded with a small drop-like oil and a specific substance. SOLUTION: This patch is obtained by adding a water-soluble active compound (e.g. ascorbic acid) and a lipophilic active compound (e.g. D-α-tocopherol) to a hydrophobic polymer matrix (e.g. a silicone polymer) containing a small drop-like oil dispersed therein, homogeneously dispersing the particles of a water-absorbing agent in the polymer layer and subsequently fixing the polymer layer to a support layer. The water-absorbing agent includes a crosslinked polyacrylic acid super absorbent, polyvinyl alcohol and a carboxyvinyl polymer. The water absorbent particles have an average particle size of about 0.2-1.5 mm, and compounded in an amount of about 0.1-30 wt.% based on the polymer layer.
Spherical microcapsules (38) containing tissue or living cells are formed with a diameter of less than 300 .mu.m using an air knife (2) constructed according to the present invention. The air knife includes a needle (14) and an air sleeve (26) positioned eccentrically around the needle. An alginate solution containing the biological material to be encapsulated is forced through the needle, while pressurized air is introduced into the air sleeve. The pressurized air breaks up the alginate being discharged from the needle. The resultant alginate droplets (34) fall into a collecting tank (4) where they contact a gelling medium (36), such as CaC12, so that the outer surface of these droplets harden and microcapsules are formed. In addition to being eccentrically positioned to facilitate very small droplet formation, the needle preferably has a beveled, pointed discharge end (50) to enhance droplet size reduction.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of applying multiple genetic testing techniques for the prenatal diagnosis of Turner syndrome fetuses with complex mosaic small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC).
METHODS: Chromosomal karyotypes of amniotic fluid samples from 5 030 pregnant women who had undergone amniocentesis at the Prenatal Diagnosis Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January to December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Three fetuses with complex mosaicism fetuses (carrying 2 types of sSMC) were selected as the study subjects. Genetic tests including G-banded chromosomal karyotyping analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) were used to clarify the origin and mosaic status of the sSMC. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No. 2023-159-01).
RESULTS: G-banded chromosomal analysis of fetus 1 showed a karyotype of 45,X[64]/46,X,+mar1[13]/46,X,+mar2[3]. FISH results showed that 52% of of its cells had contained one X chromosome signal, whilst 48% contained two X chromosome signals. CMA results revealed the fetus had harbored a 32.32 Mb and a 50.93 Mb deletion in Xp22.33p21.1 and Xq22.2q28 regions, respectively, in addition with mosaic deletions of approximately 1.43 copies, 1.78 copies and 1.43 copies in the Xp21.1p11.1, Xq11.1q21.1 and Xq21.2q22.2 regions, respectively. The fetus 2 had a karyotype of 45,X[27]/46,X,+mar1[14]/46,X,+mar2[12]. FISH results indicated that 88% of its cells contained one X chromosomes signal and two Y chromosome signals, and 12% contained signals for one X chromosomes signal and one Y chromosome signal. CNV-seq results revealed a deletion of 7.74 Mb in the Yq11.222q11.23 region and a mosaic duplication of approximately 1.738 copies in the Yp11.31q11.221 region. The fetus 3 had a karyotype of 45,X[60]/46,X,+mar1[11]/46,X,+mar2[6]. FISH results showed that 28% of its cells contained one X chromosome signal, and 72% contained tow X chromosome signals. CNV-seq results revealed deletions of 55.60 Mb and 53.50 Mb in the Xp22.33p11.1 and Xq22.1q28 regions, respectively, along with a mosaic deletion of approximately 1.85 copies in the Xp11.1q13.2 region and a mosaic repeats of approximately 2.66 copies in the Xq13.2q22.1 region. The sSMCs in the 3 fetuses had all originated from sex chromosomes and were of complex mosaic type. After genetic counseling, the three couples had all opted to terminate the pregnancy.
CONCLUSION: The combined use of multiple genetic testing techniques has determined the origin and structure of complex mosaic sSMCs and provided a basis for prenantal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
PURPOSE: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic disease with a high recurrence rate, and the aim of treating CRS is to maintain disease control. Recently, a series of CRS control instruments have been developed to assess the control levels. We pooled existing studies to evaluate the percentage of controlled CRS after treatment in patients with CRS.
METHODS: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was conducted to identify studies assessing CRS control. Both comprehensive assessments and self-report of CRS control were included.
RESULTS: 9 studies with 1931 patients after treatment and 295 patients before treatment were included. CRS control assessments of the 2012 European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS 2012), EPOS 2020, and Sinus Control Test (SCT) were comprehensive assessments utilized in the clinic practice. The self-report assessment included patient-reported global level of CRS control. These existing disease control instruments categorized patients into three (uncontrolled, partly controlled, and controlled) or five (not at all, a little, somewhat, very, and completely) control categories. Only 8% (95% CI 0.05-0.11) of patients with CRS stayed well controlled before treatment assessed by comprehensive assessments. About 35% (95% CI 0.22-0.49) of patients achieved well controlled after treatment when assessed by the comprehensive measures. Meanwhile, 40% (95% CI 0.28-0.52) of patients reported well controlled after treatment when using self-report.
CONCLUSION: About 35-40% of patients with CRS showed well controlled after treatment, which stressed the importance of identifying these undertreated patients with CRS.
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the biggest health problems in Indonesia but the research on the disease's projection is still limited. This study aimed to make a projection model of prevalence and mortality of diabetes in Indonesia based on risk factors and NCD programs. The study was a quantitative non-experimental study through multiple linear regression models and system dynamics. The baseline projection was created by 2018 data and projections until 2045 involved the dynamization of risk factors and programs, population, and case fatality rate. The model was created from 205 districts data. This study used secondary data from Basic Health Research, BPJS Kesehatan, NCD programs, and Ministry of Health. The prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia is estimated to increase from 9.19% in 2020 (18.69 million cases) to 16.09% in 2045 (40.7 million cases). The prevalence will be lower to 15.68% (39.6 million) if interventions of programs were carried out, and to 9.22% (23.2 million) if the programs were added with prevention of risk factors. The projected number of deaths due to diabetes increases from 433,752 in 2020 to 944,468 in 2045. Deaths due to stroke among diabetes increases from 52,397 to 114,092 in the same period. Deaths from IHD among diabetes increase from 35,351 to 76,974, and deaths from chronic kidney disease among diabetes increase from 29,061 to 63,279. Diabetes prevalence and mortality in Indonesia rise significantly in Indonesia and can be reduced by intervention of several programs and risk factors. This study findings could be source of planning and evaluation of Diabetes prevention and control program at national and provincial level in the future related to risk factors control and program development.
The present invention provides an apparatus and methods of producing particles that include a polymer, a wax and/or lipid and, optionally, a biologically active substance. In accordance with the methods of the invention, a load stock including a polymer, a wax and/or a lipid that is a solid at standard temperature and pressure and, optionally, a biologically active substance is provided. The load stock is contacted with a supercritical fluid to form a melt. The melt is contacted with a polar solvent under suitable conditions to form an emulsion. The emulsion is expanded across a pressure drop to form solid particles that include the load stock. The methods and apparatus facilitate the production of very small particles that have a narrow particle size distribution.
Provided herein are genetically engineered Pichinde viruses that include three ambiense genomic segments. The first genomic segment includes two coding regions encoding a Z protein and a L RdRp protein. The second genomic segment includes a coding region encoding a nucleoprotein (NP) and the third genomic segment includes a coding region encoding a glycoprotein. Each of the second and third genomic segments include an additional coding region that may encode a reovirus sigma C protein or a reovirus sigma B protein. In one embodiment, a genetically engineered Pichinde virus encodes a reovirus sigma C protein and a reovirus sigma B protein. Also provided herein is a reverse genetics system for making genetically engineered Pichinde virus, and a collection of vectors that can be used to produce genetically engineered Pichinde virus. Further provided are methods for using a reverse genetics system, and methods for treating a reovirus infection in a subject.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disease with a polymorphic clinical presentation involving multisystem damages with significant differences in prevalence and disease severity among different ethnic groups. Although genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors have been demonstrated to contribute a lot to SLE, the pathogenesis of SLE is still unknown. Numerous evidence revealed that gene variants within the type I interferons (IFN) signaling pathway performed the great genetic associations with autoimmune diseases including SLE. To date, through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genetic association studies showed that more than 100 susceptibility genes have been linked to the pathogenesis of SLE, among which TYK2, STAT1, STAT4, and IRF5 are important molecules directly connected to the type I interferon signaling system. The review summarized the genetic associations and the detailed risk loci of STAT4 and IRF5 with Asian SLE patients, explored the genotype distributions associated with the main clinical manifestations of SLE, and sorted out the potential reasons for the differences in susceptibility in Asia and Europe. Moreover, the therapies targeting STAT4 and IRF5 were also evaluated in order to propose more personalized and targeted treatment plans in SLE.
Recurrent pericarditis (RP) has been traditionally regarded as a "nightmare" for both clinicians and patients. Until approximately a decade ago, available treatments were thin on the ground with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, glucocorticoids, colchicine, and classical immunosuppressants being the only options. The first important step in the tale of RP was the advent of colchicine in clinical practice, which has been shown to halve the rate of first and subsequent pericarditis recurrences. The second major breakthrough advance in this setting was the introduction of interleukin-1 inhibitors based on the recently unveiled autoinflammatory nature of pericarditis. At present, anti-interleukin-1 inhibitors available for clinical use in patients with refractory RP include anakinra and rilonacept, with the latter having obtained FDA approval for this indication. Apart from the remarkable efficacy and good safety profile which is a common feature of all anti-interleukin-1 compounds, rilonacept has the advantage of weekly administration (instead of daily compared to anakinra) which is important in terms of adherence to treatment and improved quality of life albeit at the expense of a higher cost. This review aims to summarize the available evidence on the role of rilonacept in the treatment of RP and the reduction of the recurrences risk.
A combination composition comprising a mixture of two or more cyclodextrin derivative compositions is provided. A CD derivative composition has an average degree of substitution and comprises a distribution of CD derivative species differing in their individual degrees of substitution. The average degree of substitution of one CD derivative composition is higher than the average degree of substitution of the other CD derivative composition, and their average degrees of substitution differ by at least one. The resulting combination composition exhibits a monomodal, bimodal, trimodal or multi¬ modal distribution profile. One CD derivative composition can be present in excess or in approximately the same amount as the other CD derivative composition in the combination composition. The combination composition can be made by combining two or more previously prepared CD derivative compositions, by direct derivatization of an underivatized parent CD, or by further direct derivatization of a previously prepared CD derivative composition. The combination composition provides enhanced performance over one or both of the CD derivative compositions in dissolution, stabilization, taste- masking and/or binding of compounds.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a skin preparation for external use, capable of sufficiently manifesting performances essentially possessed by a tyrosinase activity inhibitor and high suppressing effects on pigmentation and useful for the beauty culture and medicine by formulating the tyrosinase activity inhibitor with a specific glycoside in combination. SOLUTION: This skin preparation for external use is obtained by formulating one or more tyrosinase activity inhibitors with a lignan glycoside in combination. A compound represented by formula I [R is glycosyl composed of one to four saccharides, which are one or more selected from glucose, galasctose and fructose; (n) is 0 or 1], especially a compound represented by formula II (Glc is the glycosyl) or formula III or IV is preferred. The amount thereof formulated is 0.001-5 wt.% in the case of using, e.g. the compound represented by formula I to IV. Arbutin, hydroquinone, ascorbic acid, etc., are preferred as the tyrosinase activity inhibitor. The amount thereof formulated is 0.0001-10 wt.% expressed in terms of dried solids.
The molecular mechanisms by which cardiovascular risk factors promote the development of atherosclerosis are poorly understood. We have recently shown that genetic ablation of myeloid glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3α attenuates atherosclerotic lesion development in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice. However, the precise contributions of GSK3α/β in atherogenesis are not known. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of GSK3α and/or β deficiency on lesional inflammation and plaque vascularization. Five-week-old female Ldlr-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks to establish atherosclerotic lesions. Mice were harvested at 15 weeks of age and atherosclerotic lesions were characterized. The results indicate that, in addition to significantly reducing plaque volume, GSK3α-deficiency decreases inflammation, reduces vasa vasorum density at the aortic sinus, and reduces plasma c-reactive protein (CRP) levels. GSK3β-deficiency is associated with decreased plasma CRP levels but does not affect lesional inflammation or vascularization. These results suggest GSK3α may be an applicable target for the development of novel anti-atherogenic therapies.
The present invention relates to an allicin microcapsule and a preparing method thereof. The allicin microcapsule is characterized in that the structure of the allicin microcapsule takes garlicin and amylum as cores, takes hydrosol as internal layer films, and takes fat collosol as outer layer films, wherein garlicin contents account for 0.1 to 50 % of the weight of products; starch contents account for 10 to 90 % of the weight of the products; hydrosol contents and fat collosol contents respectively account for 0.5 to 10% of the weight of the products. The garlicin is firstly attached to amylum carriers to obtain solid allicin starch granule objects, and then particle surfaces are coated with one hydrosol solution layer; the solid allicin starch granule objects are dried and dehydrated to form internal layer hydrosol covering films of which the outer parts are coated with one fat sol solution layer, and outer layer fat collosol cover films can be formed after organic solvents are dried and eliminated. The structure of the present invention can also be the allicin microcapsule having the structure which takes the fat collosol as the internal layer films, and takes the hydrosol as the outer layer films. The present invention makes two types of edible glue for being formed into compact stable double films to improve the garlicin effects, enhances dispersivity, reduces the bad smell of the garlicin, and extends the shelf life. The present invention has the advantages of simple operation, stable technology and low cost and has wide applicability for raw materials.
Clopidogrel is a prodrug and is metabolized to a pharmacologically active metabolite and inactive metabolites. 

Absorption

After single and repeated oral doses of 75 mg per day, clopidogrel is rapidly absorbed. Absorption is at least 50%, based on urinary excretion of clopidogrel metabolites.

Effect of Food

Plavix can be administered with or without food. In a study in healthy male subjects when Plavix 75 mg per day was given with a standard breakfast, mean inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was reduced by less than 9%. The active metabolite AUC0–24 was unchanged in the presence of food, while there was a 57% decrease in active metabolite Cmax. Similar results were observed when a Plavix 300 mg loading dose was administered with a high-fat breakfast. 

Metabolism 

Clopidogrel is extensively metabolized by two main metabolic pathways: one mediated by esterases and leading to hydrolysis into an inactive carboxylic acid derivative (85% of circulating metabolites) and one mediated by multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes. Cytochromes first oxidize clopidogrel to a 2-oxo-clopidogrel intermediate metabolite. Subsequent metabolism of the 2-oxo-clopidogrel intermediate metabolite results in formation of the active metabolite, a thiol derivative of clopidogrel. This metabolic pathway is mediated by CYP2C19, CYP3A, CYP2B6 and CYP1A2. The active thiol metabolite binds rapidly and irreversibly to platelet receptors, thus inhibiting platelet aggregation for the lifespan of the platelet.

The Cmax of the active metabolite is twice as high following a single 300 mg clopidogrel loading dose as it is after four days of 75 mg maintenance dose. Cmax occurs approximately 30 to 60 minutes after dosing. In the 75 to 300 mg dose range, the pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite deviates from dose proportionality: increasing the dose by a factor of four results in 2.0- and 2.7-fold increases in Cmax and AUC, respectively.

Elimination 

Following an oral dose of 14C-labeled clopidogrel in humans, approximately 50% of total radioactivity was excreted in urine and approximately 46% in feces over the 5 days post-dosing. After a single, oral dose of 75 mg, clopidogrel has a half-life of approximately 6 hours. The half-life of the active metabolite is about 30 minutes.
The invention relates to medicine for treating chronic superficial gastritis. The medicine is prepared from, by weight, 8 parts of agastache rugosus, 8 parts of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, 9 parts of rhizoma acori graminei, 6 parts of amomum kravanh, 8 parts of cortex albiziae and 8 parts of bletilla striata. It is thought that treatment of the chronic superficial gastritis should be targeted at strengthening the spleen and stomach and regulating qi and eliminating stasis and should treat the effects of promoting qi to activate blood, resolving depression and clearing damp as the main purposes. According to the medicine, the agastache rugosus is fragrant and promotes appetite, the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae invigorates spleen, supplements qi, eliminates dampness and promotes urination, the rhizoma acori graminei removes dampness to restore normal functioning of the stomach, the amomum kravanh eliminates dampness and promotes the circulation of qi, the cortex albiziae removes depression, anchors mind, invigorates the circulation of blood and eliminates swelling, and the bletilla striata invigorates the circulation of blood and promotes granulation. All the ingredients are combined and act jointly for achieving the effects of soothing the liver and strengthening the spleen, eliminating damp and heat, invigorating the circulation of blood and eliminating stasis. It is proved by clinical experiments that the medicine can safely and effectively treat chronic superficial gastritis.