anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Humans

CONTRAVE has not been systematically studied in humans for its potential for abuse, tolerance, or physical dependence. However, in outpatient clinical studies of up to 56 weeks in duration, there was no evidence of euphoric drug intoxication, physical dependence, diversion, or abuse. There was no evidence of an abstinence syndrome following abrupt or tapered drug discontinuation after 56 weeks of double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized treatment.

Naltrexone is a pure opioid antagonist. It does not lead to physical or psychological dependence. Tolerance to the opioid antagonistic effect is not known to occur.

Controlled clinical trials of bupropion (immediate-release formulation) conducted in normal volunteers, in subjects with a history of multiple drug abuse, and in depressed subjects showed some increase in motor activity and agitation/excitement. In a population of individuals experienced with drugs of abuse, a single dose of 400 mg of bupropion produced mild amphetamine-like activity as compared with placebo on the Morphine-Benzedrine Subscale of the Addiction Research Center Inventories (ARCI) and a score intermediate between placebo and amphetamine on the Liking Scale of the ARCI. These scales measure general feelings of euphoria and drug desirability.

Findings in clinical trials, however, are not known to reliably predict the abuse potential of drugs. Nonetheless, evidence from single-dose studies does suggest that the recommended daily dosage of bupropion when administered in divided doses is not likely to be significantly reinforcing to amphetamine or CNS stimulant abusers.

The inhalation of crushed tablets or injection of dissolved bupropion has been reported. Seizures and/or cases of death have been reported when bupropion has been administered intranasally or by parenteral injection. CONTRAVE (naltrexone HCl and bupropion HCl) extended-release tablets are intended for oral use only.

Animals

Studies in rodents and primates have shown that bupropion exhibits some pharmacologic actions common to psychostimulants. In rodents, it has been shown to increase locomotor activity, elicit a mild stereotyped behavioral response, and increased rates of responding in several schedule-controlled behavior paradigms. In primate models assessing the positive reinforcing effects of psychoactive drugs, bupropion was self-administered intravenously. In rats, bupropion produced amphetamine-like and cocaine-like discriminative stimulus effects in drug discrimination paradigms used to characterize the subjective effects of psychoactive drugs.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Lumbar facet pain is generally considered to be one of the major causes of chronic low back pain. Each lumbar facet joint is innervated by the medial branch of the posterior spinal nerve from its own level and above. Radiofrequency (RF) of the medial branch of the posterior branch of the spinal nerve is an effective method for the treatment of lumbar facet pain. RF technology is diverse, including traditional radiofrequency (TRF), pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), cooled radiofrequency (CRF), low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation (CA), and other treatment methods. The purpose of this paper is to compare the efficacy of different radiofrequency techniques and to analyze the reasons for this in the context of anatomy.
RECENT FINDINGS: There have been studies confirming the differences in efficacy of different RF techniques. However, most of the studies only compared two RF techniques, not four techniques, TRF, CRF, PRF, and CA, and did not analyze the reasons for the differences in efficacy. This article reviews the differences in the efficacy of the above four RF techniques, clarifies that the differences are mainly due to the inability to precisely localize the medial branch of the posterior branch of the spinal nerve, analyzes the reasons for the inability to precisely localize the posterior branch of the spinal nerve in conjunction with anatomy, and proposes that the development of RF technology for lumbar facet pain requires more in-depth anatomical, imaging, and clinical studies.
A 2D plane strain extended finite element method (XFEM) model was developed to simulate three-point bending fracture toughness tests for human bone conducted in hydrated and dehydrated conditions. Bone microstructures and crack paths observed by micro-CT imaging were simulated using an XFEM damage model. Critical damage strains for the osteons, matrix, and cement lines were deduced for both hydrated and dehydrated conditions and it was found that dehydration decreases the critical damage strains by about 50%. Subsequent parametric studies using the various microstructural models were performed to understand the impact of individual critical damage strain variations on the fracture behavior. The study revealed the significant impact of the cement line critical damage strains on the crack paths and fracture toughness during the early stages of crack growth. Furthermore, a significant sensitivity of crack growth resistance and crack paths on critical strain values of the cement lines was found to exist for the hydrated environments where a small change in critical strain values of the cement lines can alter the crack path to give a significant reduction in fracture resistance. In contrast, in the dehydrated state where toughness is low, the sensitivity to changes in critical strain values of the cement lines is low. Overall, our XFEM model was able to provide new insights into how dehydration affects the micromechanisms of fracture in bone and this approach could be further extended to study the effects of aging, disease, and medical therapies on bone fracture.
FIELD: veterinary science, microbiology, vaccines, biotechnology. SUBSTANCE: mixed vaccine has a clostridious component as Clostridium perfringens N 3 producing B-toxin of type C actively. It has a complex escherichiosis component consisting of a set of polysaccharide antigens O, K, adhesive antigens, TL- and TC-anatoxins taken at the ratio 1:1. Vaccine provides broad pattern of immunogenetics against enterotoxemia and escherichiosis in piglets at two-fold vaccination of pregnant pigs. The use of the mixed vaccine decreases labor intensity by two-fold, injection numbers and time required for vaccination as compared with the use of monovaccine. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness. 1 tbl, 3 ex
PURPOSE: Bladder dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) includes urine storage and voiding disorders. We examined pathological conditions of the bladder wall in a rat T2DM model and evaluated the effects of the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor tadalafil.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used as the T2DM and control groups, respectively. Tadalafil was orally administered for 12 weeks. Micturition behavior was monitored using metabolic cages, and bladder function was evaluated by cystometry. Bladder blood flow was evaluated by laser speckle imaging, and an organ bath bladder distention test was used to measure adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release from the bladder urothelium. The expression levels of vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT), hypoxia markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in the bladder wall were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bladder wall contractions in response to KCl and carbachol were monitored using bladder-strip tests.
RESULTS: With aging, OLETF rats had higher micturition frequency and greater urine volume than LETO rats. Although bladder capacity was not significantly different, non-voiding bladder contraction occurred more frequently in OLETF rats than in LETO rats. Bladder blood flow was decreased and ATP release was increased with higher VNUT expression in OLETF rats than in LETO rats. These effects were suppressed by tadalafil administration, with accompanying decreased HIF-1α, 8-OHdG, IL-6, TNF-α, IGF-1, and bFGF expression. The impaired contractile responses of bladder strips to KCl and carbachol in OLETF rats with aging were restored by tadalafil administration.
CONCLUSIONS: The T2DM rats had polyuria, increased ATP release induced by decreased bladder blood flow and impaired contractile function. PDE5 inhibition improved these changes and may prevent T2DM-associated urinary frequency and bladder storage and voiding dysfunctions.
OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the incidence and severity of graft vs host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with marrow grafts modified by T cell depletion with counterflow centrifugal elutriation and CD34+ cell selection in patients at high risk for GVHD. II. Determine the incidence of graft failure following this treatment regimen in this patient population. III. Determine the relapse rate and overall survival in this patient population treated with this regimen.

OUTLINE: Patients with unrelated donors, mismatched related donors, or matched related donors diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myeloma, or advanced acute myeloid leukemia (AML), receive cyclophosphamide IV over 60 minutes on days -6 and -5 and fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) 3 times a day on days -3 through -1, and twice on day 0. Patients receive graft vs host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) IV over 8 hours on days -2 and -1. Patients undergo allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) on day 0 with marrow grafts modified by T cell depletion with counterflow centrifugal elutriation and CD34+ selection. Patients unable to receive TBI due to matched or mismatched related donors, or age (56 to 60), or patients diagnosed with AML-CR1, chronic myelogenous leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or myeloproliferative disorders with matched related donors, receive oral busulfan every 6 hours on days -7 through -4, cyclophosphamide IV over 60 minutes on days -3 and -2, and ATG IV over 8 hours on days -2 and -1 for GVHD prophylaxis. Patients undergo T cell depleted ABMT on day 0. At pretransplantation, patients with acute leukemia receive intrathecal (IT) methotrexate (MTX) following lumbar puncture. At 48 hours following IT MTX, patients with CNS involvement receive a second dose of IT MTX followed by oral leucovorin calcium every 6 hours for 4 doses. Patients with prior CNS involvement receive cranial radiotherapy for 2 weeks. Following AMBT, patients undergo GVHD prophylaxis consisting of methylprednisolone IV every 12 hours on days 5-22, and then once daily on days 23-28 and cyclosporine IV or orally twice daily beginning on day -1 and continuing until 7-9 months following ABMT. Patients are followed every 3 months until death.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: Approximately 40 patients will be accrued for this study.
The invention relates to a conjugate exhibiting interferon .szlig. activity and comprising at least one first non-polypeptide moiety covalently attached to an interferon .szlig. polypeptide, the amino acid sequence of which diffe rs from that of wildtype human interferon .szlig. in at least one introduced an d at least one removed amino acid residue comprising an attachment group for said first non-polypeptide moiety. The first non-polypeptide moiety is e.g. a polymer molecule or a sugar moiety. The conjugate finds particular use in therapy. The invention also relates to a glycosylated variant of a parent interferon .szlig. (IFNB) polypeptide comprising at least one in vivo glycosylation site, wherein an amino acid residue of said parent polypeptide located close to said glycosylation site has been modified to obtain the variant polypeptide having an increased glycosylation as compared to the glycosylation of the parent polypeptide.
The present invention relates to traditional Chinese medicine extractive medicine, namely gardenia extract medicine for reducing blood lipid, dredging collaterals and reducing fat and a preparation method. The gardenia extract medicine is prepared from gardenia extract saffron total glycoside, starch, microcrystalline cellulose, a proper quantity of 5% of starch slurry and a proper quantity of magnesium stearate according to the specified proportion, wherein the gardenia extract saffron total glycoside is prepared by water extraction and ethanol extraction. The gardenia extract medicine has the functions of activating blood, removing stasis and regulating blood lipid, is suitable for hyperlipoidemia of blood stasis syndrome, and not only reduces cholesterin, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein and increases high-density lipoprotein but also obviously reduces blood plasma, whole blood specific viscosity bottlenecks and hematokrit, accelerates erythrocyte sedimentation rate, etc. The gardenia extract medicine can also inhibit platelet aggregation, inhibit arteriovenous bypass thrombosis and rabbit invitro thrombosis and reduce the acute mortality caused by ADP intravenous injection. Clinical observation of 40 patients with hyperlipoidemia indicates that the gardenia extract medicine has obvious treatment effect on improving TC, TG, etc. of the patients with hyperlipoidemia and can obviously improves ' limb numbness' symptom expressed by patients with 'blood stasis syndrome'.
Patients are being offered admission to this study to test the side effects of an investigational treatment prepared from special immune cells (T cells) specific for melanoma. A T-cell is a type of lymphocyte. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that protect people from viral infections; help other cells fight bacterial and fungal infections; produce antibodies; fight cancers; and coordinate the activities of other cells in the immune system. These special immune cells will be taken from a sample of the patient's tumor tissue that will be surgically removed from their body and grown in the laboratory. They will then given back to the patient in their veins. These cells are called tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). We wish to study the side effects of TIL when they are given with two chemotherapy drugs to temporarily decrease the patient's own immune cells and a drug called Interleukin-2 (IL-2). The two chemotherapy drugs called fludarabine and cytoxan are used to greatly reduce the number of normal lymphocytes circulating in the patient's body, called lymphodepletion, so that there will be more "space" for the cancer fighting lymphocytes (T-cells) that will be infused in their veins. We wish to find out how often these cells can shrink or slow the growth of the patient's melanoma. We also wish to find out the effects of lymphodepletion followed by TIL and high dose IL-2 on the patient's immune system. The lymphodepletion followed by TIL and high dose IL-2 is experimental, and has not been proven to help treat melanoma.

The IL-2 has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of metastatic melanoma that cannot be surgically removed. The chemotherapy drugs cytoxan and fludarabine used for lymphodepletion have been approved by the FDA, but not for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.

The combination of lymphodepletion followed by TIL and high dose IL-2 is not FDA approved but the FDA is permitting its use in this study.
PURPOSE:To provide the titled stable composition usable in an arbitrary form, and useful as an antitumor agent, remedy for autoimmune disease, etc., by adding a polymeric carrier for drug preparation to a physicochemically and pharmacologically unstable organic germanium compound. CONSTITUTION:The titled stable composition can be produced by compounding an organic germanium compound of formula (n is integer of >=1; R is H, alkyl, phenyl, etc.) with a polymeric carrier for drug preparation selected from natural polymer (e.g. gelatin, pepsin, serum albumin, etc.), synthetic polymer (e.g. cellulosic polymer, vinyl polymer, etc.), proteinous composition (e.g. peptone, tripton, etc.), etc. The organic germanium compound can be stabilized to enable the selection of arbitrary drug form. The pharmacological activity of the organic germanium compound (e.g. antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities, etc.) can be effectively utilized.
AIMS: Colonoscopies performed as part of a colorectal cancer screening programmes regularly identify large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps (LNPCPs). Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) is a minimally invasive endoscopic resection strategy, for effective management of LNPCPs. There is limited published data on clinical outcomes for EMR carried out within screening programmes.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively-maintained EMR database of BowelScreen patients in a single centre over a 5 year period.
RESULTS: Fifty-two polyps in 50 patients underwent EMR in the study period. Median polyp size was 25mm (range 20-70mm). Adenocarcinoma was identified in 7.8% of resection specimens (n 4/51). Complications were recorded in 5.7% of EMRs (n 3/52). Surveillance was completed for 87.8% (n=36/41) of eligible patients with a site-check recurrence rate of 8.3% (n 3/36). Recurrence was successfully managed endoscopically through the surveillance programme with an 18 month recurrence rate of 2.7% (n 1/36). Surgery was avoided in 92% (n 46/50) of patients undergoing EMR.
DISCUSSION: Complex polyps identified in the colorectal cancer screening programme are effectively and definitively managed by minimally invasive endoscopic resection.. Low recurrence and complication rates underscore the value of EMR as part of a screening programme. Post-EMR surveillance identifies a small number of endoscopically manageable recurrences, with encouragingly high levels of compliance.
Participants in Group 1 consist of BRCA, ATM and PALB2 mutation carriers without a strong family history of pancreatic cancer and can choose to undergo annual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and EUS screening, or they may opt out of annual MRI screening. Participants also have the opportunity to co-enroll in the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) BRCA Center Biorepository for biospecimen/biomarker collection and will complete surveys, including the optional eGene questionnaire, which involves co-enrollment in the eGene Study.
The invention relates to a medical intelligent triage method and a triage system. The access terminal can direct the patient to log in and/or register with the medical intelligent triage system. The hospital data terminal can store and collect hospital data including medical resources, geographical positions and building structures of the hospital. The remote server is provided with a medical recommendation unit which recommends the corresponding target hospital and/or target doctor to the patient under the condition that the patient uploads the condition of the patient to the remote server through the access terminal. The patient selects the recommended target hospital and/or target doctor through the access terminal. In response to a patient's selection of a target hospital and/or a target doctor, the remote server generates a patient visit route and invokes structural data of the target doctor and its hospital to model a local model corresponding to the patient's indoor visit route.
Patients receive oral capecitabine twice daily and undergo concurrent 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy 5 days a week on days 1-33. Patients also receive oxaliplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 prior to radiotherapy followed by surgery. Patients may receive additional chemoradiotherapy on days 36-38. Beginning 4-8 weeks later, patients receive oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on day 1, and oral capecitabine twice daily on days 1-15. Treatment repeats every 3 weeks for up to 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Patients receive high-dose lenalidomide PO QD on days -7 to -2, cyclophosphamide IV over 3 hours on day -7, and undergo TBI on day -3. Patients also receive rituximab and fludarabine phosphate as in Treatment Plan 1.
Lorlatinib is a kinase inhibitor with in vitro activity against ALK and ROS1. This study's aim is to evaluate the safety of lorlatinib given in combination with platinum-based standard of care chemotherapy in participants with metastatic anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK+) non-small-cell lung cancer who progressed after receiving lorlatinib alone.

There will be a lead-in portion for the first six participants treated. Lead-in participants will receive an assigned starting dose of lorlatinib by mouth once daily throughout each cycle. In addition, a platinum-based standard of care chemotherapy regimen, to include carboplatin or cisplatin as well as pemetrexed, will be given intravenously every 3 weeks. A cycle is defined as 3 weeks. After tolerability is confirmed in the lead-in with the first 6 participants on trial, the next 9 participants may begin at an increased starting dose of lorlatinib by mouth once daily. After 4 cycles of oral lorlatinib and intravenous platinum-based standard of care chemotherapy and intravenous pemetrexed, the participant will move into the maintenance regimen. The maintenance regimen will include continuing on daily oral lorlatinib plus intravenous pemetrexed every 3 weeks until disease progression or intolerable toxicity or other reason for discontinuation.
Patients will be played a guided imagery experience first during one of the following procedures: port access, dressing changes, and IV sticks. The second scheduled procedure will be the same procedure as the first and occur within 5 to 40 days. At the time of their second procedure, they will receive the virtual reality intervention.
The invention is a composition containing a self forming liposome and a radionuclide for use in individuals undergoing radionuclide exposure for either diagnostic purposes or as a therapy using radioactively tagged tumor specific modalities. The radionuclide materials in general consist of a tumor targeting agent such as an antibody that targets tumor tissue to which a radioactive component has been attached. The self forming liposomes are constructed to be long circulating and of a size that to accumulate in tumor tissue. The self forming liposomes containing radionuclide agents can be used for tumor imaging to stage cancers, repeated imaging for monitoring and for therapeutic applications. The self forming liposome allows the encapsulation of the radionuclide material without adding additional energy to the composition to avoid damaging the radionuclide combination. The self forming liposome is capable of administration as an oral, topical, intraoral or transmucosal preparation. The invention also relates to the use of a second liposome encapsulation of a different composition utilized simultaneously or contemporaneously to supply reduced glutathione to the tissues not directly targeted by the self forming liposome in order to protect the non-targeted tissues from the effects of the radionuclide.
The strategy of TACE + sorafenib is now being intensively investigated. It is a safe approach with significant beneficial effect on TTP in some studies, but the beneficial effect on OS remains uncertain. In the present study, we hypothesized that the GALNT14 genotype might play a role in this issue. Our pilot study indicated that GALNT14 "TT" genotype was associated with a favorable complete response rate in patients treated by TACE alone. This genotype was present in \~ 25% of Chinese population coming from Taiwan, Colorado (US), or Beijing (China), and in \~ 7% of Italian population. But it was present in \~ 50% of Japanese population. The lower percentage of a TACE - favorable genotype in Chinese and Italian population could explain the different results between Japanese and Chinese/Italian clinical trials. It is possible that in a population with higher percentage of TACE - favorable genotype (GALNT14 "TT"), the beneficial effect of sorafenib adjuvant treatment might not be detected. In this study, we proposed to examine the TACE + sorafenib effect in patients with GALNT14 "non-TT" genotype, a TACE - unfavorable genotype.