anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Although atracurium is a less potent histamine releaser than d-tubocurarine or metocurine, the possibility of substantial histamine release in sensitive individuals must be considered. Special caution should be exercised in administering atracurium to patients in whom substantial histamine release would be especially hazardous (e.g., patients with clinically significant cardiovascular disease) and in patients with any history (e.g., severe anaphylactoid reactions or asthma) suggesting a greater risk of histamine release. In these patients, the recommended initial atracurium besylate dose is lower (0.3 to 0.4 mg/kg) than for other patients and should be administered slowly or in divided doses over one minute. 

Since atracurium has no clinically significant effects on heart rate in the recommended dosage range, it will not counteract the bradycardia produced by many anesthetic agents or vagal stimulation. As a result, bradycardia during anesthesia may be more common with atracurium than with other muscle relaxants. 

Atracurium may have profound effects in patients with myasthenia gravis, Eaton-Lambert syndrome, or other neuromuscular diseases in which potentiation of nondepolarizing agents has been noted. The use of a peripheral nerve stimulator is especially important for assessing neuromuscular block in these patients. Similar precautions should be taken in patients with severe electrolyte disorders or carcinomatosis. 

Multiple factors in anesthesia practice are suspected of triggering malignant hyperthermia (MH), a potentially fatal hypermetabolic state of skeletal muscle. Halogenated anesthetic agents and succinylcholine are recognized as the principal pharmacologic triggering agents in MH-susceptible patients; however, since MH can develop in the absence of established triggering agents, the clinician should be prepared to recognize and treat MH in any patient scheduled for general anesthesia. Reports of MH have been rare in cases in which atracurium has been used. In studies of MH-susceptible animals (swine) and in a clinical study of MH-susceptible patients, atracurium did not trigger this syndrome. 

Resistance to nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents may develop in burn patients. Increased doses of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants may be required in burn patients and are dependent on the time elapsed since the burn injury and the size of the burn. 

The safety of atracurium has not been established in patients with bronchial asthma.
BACKGROUND: Metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma is a rare event and there are few references to this topic. We report an unusual case of prostate cancer metastasis and review of contemporary literature. Moreover, we discuss the pathogenesis and the clinical aspects of this event.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 70-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital for right scrotal pain. The ultrasound examination described an increase in testicular size, suggesting the possibility of orchiepididymitis. Past medical history reported a previous prostate adenocarcinoma. Inflammatory blood tests were normal. Importantly, PSA was 3.3 ng/ml. PET scan positivity in the scrotum raised suspicion of a relapse. Therefore, he underwent right orchiectomy.
CONCLUSION: Although metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma is rare, a correct diagnosis is of paramount importance because the therapy changes accordingly. Patients who complain of scrotal pain need to be examined accurately. Although the most common cause behind this symptom is infectious, the patient's past medical history should be reviewed to exclude previous malignancies.
A pharmaceutical composition for treating malarial disease is provided to cure malaria by suppressing the growth of P. falciparum using a flavonoid compound and it derivative. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a flavonoid compound and its derivative as active ingredients. The flavonoid compound comprises a flavones derivative and flavanone derivative. The flavones derivative is selected from a group of 3-bromo-3,4-dimethoxyflavones and 6,7-dimethyl-3,4-dimethoxyflavone. The flavanone derivative is selected from a group of 6-methyl-3,4-dimethoxyflavanone and 7,34-trimethoxyflavanone. The pharmaceutical composition is formulated in a concentration of 1.0-2.0mg/kg/week and suppresses the growth of P. falciparum.
Compositions in which aspirin is present in combination with alkaline compounds, especially those containing water of crystallization (hydrates), deteriorate on standing. This deterioration may take several forms: It can be a physical deterioration in which such aspirin compositions become completely unmanageable, wet, gummy, sticky masses; or chemical decomposition in which aspirin loses its molecular structure chiefly by losing the acetyl group. The latter is accompanied by formation of acetic acid, the mixture developing its characteristic acetic odor. In both cases, such compositions become entirely unsuitable for all practical commercial and medicinal purposes. Yet, when preparation of water-soluble aspirin compositions is desired, it is impossible to avoid the use of alkaline compounds. This is because the only known method of converting aspirin into soluble form is by means of reacting it with an alkaline compound to form the soluble salt of aspirin. Unexpectedly, it was discovered and is the substance of the present invention that there are two compounds both of which are alkaline and contain water of crystallization (hydrates), and which, in combination with aspirin, give soluble compositions of outstanding stability. Unexpectedly, it was discovered and is also the substance of the present invention that there are several sugar substitutes which have demonstrated an acceleration of absorption into the bloodstream and have demonstrated a reduction in acididity which in turn should reduce or eliminate the potential for bleeding in the stomach. These two compounds are sodium citrate (tri) dihydrate, and potassium citrate (tri) monohydrate. Artificial sweeteners can also be combined in the soluble aspirin composition.
A method of producing a virus like particle (VLP) in a plant comprising modified hemagglutinin is provided. The method comprises introducing a nucleic acid comprising a regulatory region active in the plant and operatively linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a modified influenza hemagglutinin (HA) protein into the plant, or portion of the plant, the modified HA protein comprises a modified proteolytic loop. Followed by incubating the plant or portion of the plant under conditions that permit the expression of the nucleic acids, thereby producing the VLP. The modified proteolytic loop may comprise one or more protease cleavage sites exhibiting reduced or abolished cleavage by a protease. The nucleotide sequence encoding the HA may be selected from the group consisting of B HA, C, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H15, and H16. Also described is a virus like particle (VLP) produced by the method, and plants expressing the VLP. The virus like particle (VLP) may comprise plant-specific N-glycans, or modified N- glycans.
Of the 423 patients evaluable for safety in adequate and well-controlled trials, 211 were treated with diclofenac sodium gel drug product and 212 were treated with a vehicle gel. Eighty-seven percent (87%) of the diclofenac sodium gel-treated patients (183 patients) and 84% of the vehicletreated patients (178 patients) experienced one or more adverse events (AEs) during the studies. The majority of these reactions were mild to moderate in severity and resolved upon discontinuation of therapy.

Of the 211 patients treated with diclofenac sodium gel, 172 (82%) experienced AEs involving skin and the application site compared to 160 (75%) vehicle-treated patients. Application site reactions (ASRs) were the most frequent AEs in both diclofenac sodium gel- and vehicle-treated groups. Of note, four reactions, contact dermatitis, rash, dry skin and exfoliation (scaling) were significantly more prevalent in the diclofenac sodium gel group than in the vehicle-treated patients.

Eighteen percent of diclofenac sodium gel-treated patients and 4% of vehicle-treated patients discontinued from the clinical trials due to adverse events (whether considered related to treatment or not). These discontinuations were mainly due to skin irritation or related cutaneous adverse reactions.

Table 1 below presents the AEs reported at an incidence of >1% for patients treated with either diclofenac sodium gel or vehicle (60- and 90-day treatment groups) during the phase 3 studies.

Skin and Appendages Adverse Events Reported for Diclofenac Sodium Gel at Less Than 1% Incidence in the Phase 3 Studies: skin hypertrophy, paresthesia, seborrhea, urticaria, application site reactions (skin carcinoma, hypertonia, skin hypertrophy lacrimation disorder, maculopapular rash, purpuric rash, vasodilation).
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To conduct a makeup of keratin fiber, in particular eyelashes, eyebrow and the hair, by applying thereto a composition comprising aqueous dispersion (s) of film-forming polymer particles. SOLUTION: This makeup of substantially longitudinal keratin fiber or an equivalent thereof is conducted by applying thereto a composition comprising at least one aqueous dispersion of film-forming polymer particles; wherein the composition which has a viscosity of 0.001-2 Pa.s determined at a shear rate of 500 s<-1> , is applied at such a rate as to allow a film to adhere to the keratin fiber and also pearls to adhere to the keratin fiber surface; the film-forming polymer is pref. a radical polymer (pref. vinyl polymer formed by polymerizing an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or the like), a multiple condensate (pref. polyurethane) or a polymer of natural origin (pref. shellac or the like); the above composition preferably contain at least one thickening agent (pref. cellulose thickening agent or the like) as well.
Each patient will receive an injection of technetium-99m sulfur colloid directed subareolar or around the tumor. The material will be prepared as per manufacturer's specifications. The dose will be 20mBq given the same day of 80mBq given the day before. The Nuclear Medicine Department at St Paul's Hospital will perform the injection as per normal sentinel lymph node mapping protocol.
We seek to use the experimental triazole antifungal, Posaconazole, in the treatment of patients with invasive fungal infections that are resistant or refractory to the best available treatment, or who are unable to tolerate the best available treatment. We have observed significant short and long term toxicities from amphotericin and its various preparations in our patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and Hyper IgE recurrent infection syndrome (HIE or Job's). We now have now had 5 CGD patients on dialysis, and several more have progressive renal failure, all thought due to high dose, prolonged amphotericin. In addition, many of our more severely affected CGD patients have had multiple thoracic surgeries, leading to reduced lung capacity. Several of our HIE patients have persistent fungal lung infections that have not cleared with extensive therapy with amphotericin and/or other new triazole antifungals. Therefore, agents of high tolerability and high potency are still desperately needed. Posaconazole has a broad spectrum of action against a large number of molds and fungi at easily achievable concentrations in plasma. It has a favorable toxicity profile and has performed well in clinical trials to date. This drug will be administered orally twice daily. Close monitoring of tolerance, toxicity, and efficacy will be performed. We anticipate enrollment of up to 50 patients over the next 2 years.
The invention relates to medicine for treating infantile diarrhea and a preparation method of the medicine and belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine. The medicine belongs to oral liquid and granules prepared from 15 kinds of medicines including codonopsis pilosula nnannf, bighead atractylodes rhizome, fructus amomi and the like. The diarrhea refers to the spleen and stomach function abnormity and has the symptoms of watery stool, defecation time increase, often vomiting, poor appetite, abdominal distention and the like. The disease attacking can occur in four seasons, the disease attacking is easier to occur in summer and fall with excessive summer heat and dampness, the climate in winter is cold, the young body of a infant cannot resist the wind cold, the winter diarrhea is also serious in each year, or even the epidemic diarrhea can be caused. The medicine provided by the invention aims at the main conditions that the infant can easily catch a wind cold, the spleen and the stomach are weak, water and grain cannot be digested, or the symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal distention and the like can be caused by spleen and stomach injury because of cold medicine taking, raw or cold melon and fruit eating, oily meat food and degenerative food, and critical symptoms caused by winter diarrhea or chronic diarrhea can occur. The medicine is studied and summarized in the medical care practice, in addition, through the long-time clinic application, the curative effect is exact, the secret empirical prescription rescues many people, and no similar medicine to the medicine provided by the invention is discovered through the retrieval.
Disorders related to gut health are a significant cause of morbidity among athletes in wheelchair. This pilot feasibility trial aims to investigate whether probiotics compared to prebiotics can improve inflammatory status and gut microbiome composition in elite athletes in wheelchair. We conducted a 12-week, randomized, cross-over controlled trial involving 14 elite Swiss athletes in wheelchair. Participants were given a multispecies-multistrain probiotic or prebiotic (oat bran) daily for 4 weeks (Clinical trials.gov NCT04659408 09/12/2020). This was followed by a 4-week washout and then crossed over. Thirty inflammatory markers were assessed using bead-based multiplex immunoassays (LegendPlex) from serum samples. The gut microbiome was characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing of stool DNA samples. Statistical analyses were conducted using linear mixed-effect models (LMM). At baseline, most athletes (10/14) exhibited low levels of inflammation which associated with higher gut microbiome alpha diversity indices compared to those with high inflammation levels. The use of probiotic had higher decrease in 25 (83%) inflammatory markers measured compared to prebiotic use. Probiotic has the potential in lowering inflammation status and improving the gut microbiome diversity. The future trial should focus on having sufficient sample sizes, population with higher inflammation status, longer intervention exposure and use of differential abundance analysis.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce the subject material useful for therapy of infectious diseases of animals (e.g. human beings, livestock or the like) and plants or the like by increasing the concentration of metabolite or products through the repetition of a multiplication cycle consisting of germination, growth, disassembly and sporulation of spores of microorganisms belonging to bacillus genus. SOLUTION: This method for producing a material including high-density Bacillus sp. and highly concentrated Bacillus sp. metabolite is to increase the concentration of metabolite or products secreted from Bacillus sp. due to the activity and/or sporulation of cells through the repetition of a multiplication cycle consisting of germination, growth, disassembly and sporulation of spores of Bacillus sp. and is as follows: (1) multiplication of Bacillus sp. in drainage system such as effluent treatment facility, a culture vessel or the like; (2) collecting the precipitate when the spore concentration of Bacillus sp. in precipitate such as sludge become ca. 108/g and subjecting the precipitate to solid-liquid separation, followed by drying it; (3) imparting nutrient, oxygen and heat to it, followed by fermentation;  (4) repeating the above processes to increase the spore density of Bacillus sp. as well as the concentration of its metabolite and products.
Sugarcane response to Sporisorium scitamineum is determined by multiple major genes and numerous microeffector genes. Here, time-ordered gene coexpression networks were applied to explore the interaction between sugarcane and S. scitamineum. Totally, 2459 differentially expressed genes were identified and divided into 10 levels, and several stress-related subnetworks were established. Interestingly, the Ca2+ signaling pathway was activated to establish the response to sugarcane smut disease. Accordingly, two CAX genes (ScCAX2 and ScCAX3) were cloned and characterized from sugarcane. They were significantly upregulated under ABA stress but inhibited by MeJA treatment. Furthermore, overexpression of ScCAX2 and ScCAX3 enhanced the susceptibility of transgenic plants to the pathogen infection, suggesting its negative role in disease resistance. A regulatory model for ScCAX genes in disease response was thus depicted. This work helps to clarify the transcriptional regulation of sugarcane response to S. scitamineum stress and the function of the CAX gene in disease response.
OBJECTIVE: Radiological emergency preparedness and response are increasingly acknowledged as vital components of both emergency readiness and public health. Previous studies have shown that medical providers feel unprepared to respond to radiation incidents. The existing level of knowledge, attitudes, and awareness held by emergency medicine residents and physicians in Oman, remain unexplored. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and awareness level of emergency residents and physicians in Oman regarding the management of radiation emergencies.
METHODS: An electronic survey was distributed to 44 emergency residents and 57 emergency physicians.
RESULTS: The response rate was 62.7% (N = 69/110). Notably, 62% reported no prior engagement in radiation emergency training. The majority of participants had neither employed nor received training in operating radiation detection devices. A significant gap in knowledge emerged, with the median self-reported knowledge score of 50/100. The majority of participants (59%) expressed a need for educational programs and materials.
CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the imperative for enhanced training in radiological incident preparedness for emergency medicine residents and physicians in Oman. The study reveals a clear necessity to bridge the existing gaps in knowledge and attitudes to bolster the readiness of health-care professionals to respond effectively to radiation emergencies.
: Patients with hyperlipidemia who sign consent and who are currently at maximum tolerated dose of a statin and are not meeting NCEP ATPIII treatment goals for LDL cholesterol are enrolled in 12-week open label, prospective trial. Patients are randomized into one of three groups to receive ezetimibe, niacin, or colestipol in addition to current statin therapy. Patients are titrated as tolerated to therapeutic doses of study medications (ezetimibe 10mg/day, niacin 1500mg/day, and colestipol 20gm/day). At baseline, informed consent; a laboratory admission profile (Chem20); weight; height; blood pressure; concomitant medications; cholesterol medication history; and grapefruit juice consumption data are gathered. At weeks 6 and 12, patients have their cholesterol panels and liver function tests assessed. Patients are also interviewed regarding side effects (including rhabdomyolysis), tolerance, changes in concomitant medications, and grapefruit juice consumption, along with weight and blood pressure measurements.
NEW MATERIAL:4-Fucosten-3-one [24-stigmasta-4,24(28)-dien-3-one; 24-ethy lidenecholest-4-en-3-one] expressed by the formula. USE:A trichogenous promotor having respective inhibitory action on test osterone-5alpha-reductase, testosterone-17beta-dehydrogenase and estradiol-17beta-dehy drogenase. PREPARATION:For example, fucosterol is refluxed in a solvent, e.g. toluene, while dehydrating and heating and cyclohexanone and aluminum isopropoxide are added thereto. The resultant reaction solution is refluxed while dehydrating and heating to remove the solvent therefrom. The residue is then dissolved in benzene and treated with an alumina column and benzene-insoluble materials in the eluate are dissolved in chloroform. The reultant solution is purified with a silica gel column.
Human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV/SIVs) contain, in addition to the canonical gag/pol/env genes, additional small open reading frames (ORFs) encoding gene products, including the 96-amino acid 15-kDa virion-associated HIV-1 Vpr gene product. Vpr functions as a regulator of cellular processes related to HIV replication. A biologically active recombinant HIV-1 Vpr protein was employed as a ligand to identify its cognate cellular target(s). A novel 41-kDa cytosolic viral protein R interacting protein, designated Rip-1, was identified using the recited assay. Rip-1 displays a wide-tissue distribution, including relevant targets of HIV infection. HIV-1 Vpr induced nuclear translocation of Rip-1. This invention provides novel biochemical reagents and methods that will facilitate the identification of antiviral agents.
Oxidative stress plays a key role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and progression, inducing kidney cell damage, inflammation, and fibrosis. However, effective therapeutic interventions to slow down CKD advancement are currently lacking. The multifaceted pharmacological effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) have made it a promising therapeutic avenue. H2 is capable of capturing harmful •OH and ONOO- while maintaining the crucial reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in cellular signaling. The NRF2-KEAP1 system, which manages cell redox balance, could be used to treat CKD. H2 activates this pathway, fortifying antioxidant defenses and scavenging ROS to counteract oxidative stress. H2 can improve NRF2 signaling by using the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and indirectly activate NRF2-KEAP1 in mitochondria. Additionally, H2 modulates NF-κB activity by regulating cellular redox status, inhibiting MAPK pathways, and maintaining Trx levels. Treatment with H2 also attenuates HIF signaling by neutralizing ROS while indirectly bolstering HIF-1α function. Furthermore, H2 affects FOXO factors and enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Despite the encouraging results of bench studies, clinical trials are still limited and require further investigation. The focus of this review is on hydrogen's role in treating renal diseases, with a specific focus on oxidative stress and redox signaling regulation, and it discusses its potential clinical applications.
This is a long-term extension study of the Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy, safety, and imaging biomarker effects of ALZ-801 in subjects with Early Alzheimer's Disease and APOE4/4 genotype. Subjects who at initial screening for the Phase 3 study were 50-80 years old, had a clinical diagnosis of AD, carried the APOE4/4 genotype, and were at the early stage of disease (Early AD\], who complete at least 78 weeks of the Phase 3 study while on study medication, are eligible for enrollment. Subjects will be treated for 52 weeks with ALZ-801, followed by a 4-week safety follow-up visit after the last dose of ALZ-801. Clinical trial sites, subjects and their study partner will remain blinded to the treatment (ALZ-801 or placebo) that they received in the core Phase 3 study. The primary efficacy outcome assessment is a measure of cognition (ADAS-Cog 13). Additional measures of global and functional impairments will also be assessed. Imaging and biomarkers of AD and neurodegeneration will be measured.