anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Carcinogenesis: Citalopram was administered in the diet to NMRI/BOM strain mice and COBS WI strain rats for 18 and 24 months, respectively. There was no evidence for carcinogenicity of citalopram in mice receiving up to 240 mg/kg/day, which is equivalent to 20 times the maximum recommended human daily dose (MRHD) of 60 mg on a surface area (mg/m2) basis. There was an increased incidence of small intestine carcinoma in rats receiving 8 or 24 mg/kg/day, doses which are approximately 1.3 and 4 times the MRHD, respectively, on a mg/m basis. A no-effect dose for this finding was not established. The relevance of these findings to humans is unknown.

Mutagenesis: Citalopram was mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) in 2 of 5 bacterial strains (Salmonella TA98 and TA1537) in the absence of metabolic activation. It was clastogenic in the in vitro Chinese hamster lung cell assay for chromosomal aberrations in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Citalopram was not mutagenic in the in vitro mammalian forward gene mutation assay (HPRT) in mouse lymphoma cells or in a coupled in vitro /in vivo unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay in rat liver. It was not clastogenic in the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in human lymphocytes or in two in vivo mouse micronucleus assays.

Impairment of Fertility: When citalopram was administered orally to 16 male and 24 female rats prior to and throughout mating and gestation at doses of 32, 48, and 72 mg/kg/day, mating was decreased at all doses, and fertility was decreased at doses ~32 mg/kg/day, approximately 5 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 60 mg/day on a body surface area (mg/m2) basis. Gestation duration was increased at 48 mg/kg/day, approximately 8 times the MRHD.
BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been extensively used in preclinical and clinical trials for treating various diseases. However, the differences between ADSCs from lean individuals (L-ADSCs) and those from obese individuals (O-ADSCs) have not been thoroughly investigated, particularly regarding their mitochondrial and lysosomal functions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the differences between L-ADSCs and O-ADSCs in terms of cell biological activity, mitochondria, and lysosomes.
METHODS: We first isolated and cultured L-ADSCs and O-ADSCs. We then compared the differences between the two groups in terms of biological activity, including cell proliferation, differentiation potential, and their effect on the polarization of macrophages. Additionally, we observed the mitochondrial and lysosomal morphology of ADSCs using an electronic microscope, MitoTracker Red, and lysotracker Red dyes. We assessed mitochondrial function by examining mitochondrial membrane potential and membrane fluidity, antioxidative ability, and cell energy metabolism. Lysosomal function was evaluated by measuring autophagy and phagocytosis. Finally, we performed transcriptome analysis of the ADSCs using RNA sequencing.
RESULTS: The biological activities of O-ADSCs were decreased, including cell immunophenotypic profiles, cell proliferation, and differentiation potential. Furthermore, compared to L-ADSCs, O-ADSCs promoted M1-type macrophage polarization and inhibited M2-type macrophage polarization. Additionally, the mitochondrial morphology of O-ADSCs was altered, with the size of the cells becoming smaller and mitochondrial fragments increasing. O-ADSCs also exhibited decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and membrane fluidity, antioxidative ability, and energy metabolism. With respect to lysosomes, O-ADSCs contained ungraded materials in their lysosomes, enhanced lysosomal permeability, and reduced autophagy and phagocytosis ability. RNA sequence analysis indicated that the signalling pathways related to cell senescence, cancer, and inflammation were upregulated, whereas the signalling pathways associated with stemness, cell differentiation, metabolism, and response to stress and stimuli were downregulated.
CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that ADSCs from individuals (BMI > 30 kg/m2) exhibit impaired mitochondrial and lysosomal function with decreased biological activity.
Study group, treated with autologous intra-ovarian MenSCs injection and monitored for spontaneous pregnancy for 3 months after intervention. ICSI was used in cases where the pregnancy did not occur naturally.
PURPOSE: Aerobic exercise produces beneficial outcomes in patients with low back pain and partially attenuates the fibrotic changes to the multifidus in a model of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. More targeted exercise might be required to fully attenuate these fibrotic alterations. This study aimed to investigate whether activation of the multifidus induced by neurostimulation could reduce fibrosis of the multifidus in a model of IVD degeneration in sheep.
METHODS: IVD degeneration was induced in 18 merino sheep via a partial thickness unilateral annulus fibrosus lesion to the L1/2 and L3/4 IVDs. All sheep received an implantable neurostimulation device that provides stimulation of the L2 medial branch of the dorsal ramus. Three months after surgery, the animals were assigned to Injury or Activated groups. Activated animals received neurostimulation and the Injury group received no stimulation. Six months after surgery, the multifidus was harvested at L2 and L4. Van Gieson's, Sirius Red and immunofluorescence staining for Collagen-I and -III and quantitative PCR was used to examine fibrosis. Muscle harvested from a previous study without IVD injury was used as a control.
RESULTS: Neurostimulation of the multifidus attenuated IVD degeneration dependent increases in the connective tissue, including Collagen-I but not Collagen-III, compared to the Injury group at L4. No measures of the multifidus muscle at L2, which received no stimulation, differed between the Injury and Activated groups.
CONCLUSIONS: These data reveal that targeted activation of the multifidus muscle attenuates IVD degeneration dependent fibrotic alterations to the multifidus.
VLA15 90 µg (microgram) with Alum (aluminum hydroxide) has an injection volume of 750 µl (microliter). The amount of Alum per injection is 0.375 mg (milligram).
Participants received one preladenant 25 mg capsule twice daily (BID) for 14 days during the first treatment period and received one matching placebo capsule BID during the second treatment period. The 2 treatment periods were separated by a 3-week washout period.
In addition to its antihypertensive and diuretic effects, hydrochlorothiazide also demonstrates additional cardioprotective properties; however, the existence of a synergistic interaction between dapagliflozin and hydrochlorothiazide remains unclear.To establish a rat model of heart failure for investigating the effects and mechanisms of dapagliflozin in combination with hydrochlorothiazide during early intervention, H9c2 cells were cultured to validate their in vitro efficacy. The combination group exhibits a synergistic improvement in hemodynamics, ejection fraction, and a reduction in plasma B-type natriuretic peptide concentration. This combination effectively decreases collagen volume fraction and the expression of collagen I and III, p47phox, p67phox, NF-κB p65, Bax, and caspase-3. The combination group demonstrates a synergistic effect in enhancing cardiac function, attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation. The in vitro effects of the combination were demonstrated in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. In addition, the combination exhibits a more pronounced inhibitory effect on NHE1 expression. The expression of NHE1 in H9c2 cells is inhibited by hydrochlorothiazide, thereby alleviating the consequences of NHE1 overexpression. The results of molecular docking and kinetic simulations indicate a strong binding affinity (-6.1 kcal/mol) between hydrochlorothiazide and NHE1, resulting in the formation of a stable conformation. This may elucidate the underlying mechanism responsible for the synergistic effects of drugs.The combination of dapagliflozin and hydrochlorothiazide has synergistic effects on improving cardiac function, oxidative stress, and inflammation in rats with heart failure. Hydrochlorothiazide binds to and inhibits the expression of NHE1, thereby enhancing dapagliflozin's inhibitory effect on NHE activity. This mechanism potentially elucidates its enhanced cardioprotective effects.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the necessity and importance of dynamic hydration rate and ultimate viscosity control of konjac glucomannan (KGM) for long-term antiobesity effects in C57BL/6J mice on high-fat (HF) diets. KGM supplementation effectively attenuated HF-diet-induced increases in body and tissue weights. The hydration rate and viscosity changes of KGM in the digestive tract were found to have marked impacts on antiobesity effects. KGM with medium hydration and viscosity slowed gastric emptying and intestinal transit, leading to prolonged presence in the lower ileum, increased satiety-related hormones (GLP-1 and PYY), and an 18.27% reduction in daily food intake over 10 weeks (p < 0.05). This resulted in the greatest reduction in weight gain among HF-fed mice. In contrast, KGM with faster hydration and higher viscosity provided only short-term satiety due to rapid dilution. Furthermore, KGM improved metabolic health and altered glycolipid metabolism gene transcription while enriching beneficial gut bacteria; however, no significant differences were observed among the KGM groups in these effects. These findings highlight that synchronizing KGM's hydration rate and viscosity with digestive processes is crucial for regulating satiety and achieving long-term weight loss.
BACKGROUND: Discriminating the underlying cause of gait abnormalities can be challenging in a clinical setting, especially in the presence of bilateral disease. Pressure-sensitive walkways (PSWs) have been utilized to characterize the gait of dogs with various neurologic or orthopaedic conditions. The potential use of the PSW includes the discrimination of conditions that can be similar in clinical presentation, such as bilateral hindlimb lameness and hindlimb ataxia. The primary aim of this study was to describe the spatial, temporal, and kinetic gait parameters of dogs with hindlimb ataxia or bilateral hindlimb lameness and compare them to those of normal dogs. Forty-six dogs were prospectively recruited. The normal group included 20 dogs with normal neurologic and orthopaedic exams. The orthopaedic group included 15 dogs with bilateral hindlimb orthopaedic diseases with weight-bearing hindlimb lameness and normal neurologic exams. The neurologic group included 11 dogs with ambulatory paraparesis and normal orthopaedic exams. Each dog was walked across the PSW, and at least 3 valid trials were collected. The stride time, stance time, swing time, stride length, gait velocity, peak vertical force (PVF), vertical impulse (VI), and limb symmetry were recorded. The mean values of all parameters from the valid trials were calculated and used for data analysis. The outcomes were compared among all groups.
RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, the orthopaedic group had a significantly greater percent body weight distribution (%BWD) and vertical impulse distribution (VID) in the forelimbs. When comparing the spatiotemporal parameters, the neurologic group showed an increase in forelimb stance time compared to that of the normal group. Compared with that in the normal group, the stride velocity in the forelimbs in the orthopaedic group was greater. There were no significant differences in the kinetic parameters between the neurologic group and the normal group, nor in stride time or stride length among the groups.
CONCLUSION: The gait parameters obtained by PSW demonstrated that the orthopaedic and neurologic groups may have different compensatory mechanisms for their gait deficiencies. These parameters can potentially be used to construct a predictive model to evaluate PSW as a diagnostic tool in future studies.
The present invention relates to a transportation system for the genetic medicine and the preparation method. The transportation system is a composite consisting of the genetic medicine, the cationic peptide or the polymer and any selected adjuvant ingredient. The composite is packaged in a nano particle of polymer material modified by the PEG. The ligand modification is conducted in the nano particle surface. The preparation method comprises the following steps. Step one, the genetic medicine, the cationic peptide or the polymer and any selected adjuvant ingredient are mixed in order to prepare the composite solution; step two, the organic solution of the polymer material is added into the composite solution and dispersed into the water phase, therefore the W/O/W-typed multiple emulsion is prepared, followed by separation of the collected nano particles; step three, the nano particle surface modified by the ligand and the collected nano particles are separated after modification. The stability of the genetic medicine in the preparation process and the encapsulation efficiency are both improved in the system. The surface modification not only prolongs the plasma half-life and improves the targeting property in the transportation system, but also enhances the transfection efficiency and greatly reduces the cytotoxicity in the transportation system, which therefore guarantees the safety of the medicine application.
The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition and functional health food composition for preventing or treating anorexia, comprising Menispermum dauricum DC., a Menispermum dauricum DC. extract, Menispermum dauricum DC. sludge, or a Menispermum dauricum DC. malt fermented liquid extract. The Menispermum dauricum DC., a Menispermum dauricum DC. extract, Menispermum dauricum DC. sludge, or a Menispermum dauricum DC. malt fermented liquid extract, according to the present invention can be pharmaceutically used as a composition for promoting appetite or preventing or treating anorexia and eating disorders, and can be useful as a functional health food. Further, an herbal extract according the present invention can be used as an animal feed additive for promoting appetite.
Soy protein with isoflavones and cocoa bars. 2 bars daily for 8 weeks.
The most common adverse reactions are confined to the gastrointestinal tract. To achieve minimal GI disturbance with an optimal LDL-C lowering effect, a gradual increase of dosage starting with 2 grams, once or twice daily is recommended. Constipation is the major single complaint and at times is severe. Most instances of constipation are mild, transient, and controlled with standard treatment. Increased fluid intake and inclusion of additional dietary fiber should be the first step; a stool softener may be added if needed. Some patients require decreased dosage or discontinuation of therapy. Hemorrhoids may be aggravated.

Other, less frequent gastrointestinal complaints consist of abdominal discomfort (abdominal pain and cramping), intestinal gas (bloating and flatulence), indigestion and heartburn, diarrhea and loose stools, and nausea and vomiting. Bleeding hemorrhoids and blood in the stool have been infrequently reported. Peptic ulceration, cholecystitis, and cholelithiasis have been rarely reported in patients receiving colestipol hydrochloride granules, and are not necessarily drug related.

Difficulty swallowing and transient esophageal obstruction have been rarely reported in patients taking colestipol hydrochloride tablets.

Transient and modest elevations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase were observed on one or more occasions in various patients treated with colestipol hydrochloride.

The following nongastrointestinal adverse reactions have been reported with generally equal frequency in patients receiving colestipol hydrochloride tablets, colestipol granules, or placebo in clinical studies:
This study can be classified as a phase 1, single center, and drug-drug interaction (DDI) study. The within-subjects' experimental procedures will assess pharmacokinetic interactions between ethanol (EtOH) and PT150 (900 mg qd) in non-treatment-seeking alcohol-experienced volunteers (to include military service members, veterans and/or civilians). The specific aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of PT150 (a novel, selective Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist) in combination with alcohol and to determine the amount of PT150 and alcohol in blood (i.e., the pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between alcohol and PT150) in 10 non-treatment seeking participants. The purpose of this study is to assess the possibility of any adverse interactions between alcohol and PT150. While PT150 might be effective in the treatment of AUD, because alcohol can affect the way that PT150 is metabolized in the body, we first need to determine 1) that it is safe to take PT150 in combination with alcohol, and 2) the amount of PT150 and alcohol in blood after PT150 has reached steady state. This study population will be drawn from adults of any race or ethnicity, males, and females who are post-menopausal, undergoing hormone replacement treatment at a stable dosage for at least 3 months, infertile and not hormone cycling, or using approved non-hormonal contraception for at least two weeks after the last dose. Potential enrollees will be drawn of those NOT seeking treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Statistical goals for the study are to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of PT150 given in combination with exposure to alcohol. The primary objective includes assessing if measures of concentration and timing of PT150 levels in the blood differ between the PT150 challenge (challenge on Day 8 and continually observed through Day 9) in combination with alcohol (ethanol beverage) compared to the steady-state PT150 challenge, absent alcohol challenge, on Day 7. Secondary objectives are to determine if measures of concentration and timing of BAL in the blood differ between the active alcohol challenges only (Day 1/baseline) and PT150 challenges in combination with alcohol challenges (Day 8). Other secondary outcomes include evaluating health and safety outcomes as well as withdrawal from alcohol. After completion of the screening period, the remaining study duration will proceed as follows for each participant: Admission for an initial 1-day in-patient stay; Discharge followed by 4 days of outpatient visits; Readmission for a 4-day inpatient stay; and for females, a follow-up visit will be scheduled to occur at least 14 days after the final dose of PT150 is administered to ensure pregnancy has not occurred. This results in a total participant duration of 10 days.
At present, the microsatellite stabilized (MSS) type of advanced refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has a poor median overall survival time of only about 7 months, and there is a significant unmet clinical demand for the efficacy of posterior treatment. Research has found that patients with microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI-H) type colorectal cancer can achieve long-term survival through immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment, but currently accounting for about 95% of MSS type mCRC, the benefits from immune checkpoint inhibitors are very limited. REGONIVO is a Phase Ib study to explore the efficacy and safety of regorafenib in combination with nivolumab in the treatment of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer with MSS. The study enrolled 50 patients with advanced disease, including 25 cases of gastric cancer, 25 cases of colorectal cancer, except for one case of colorectal cancer with MSI-H, and others were MSS type. The results of the study showed that patients with colorectal cancer had an objective response rate (ORR) of 36%.The ORR of liver matestasis vs. lung matestasis is 8.7% vs. 50%.A phase Ib /Ⅱ clinical study REGOTORI enrolled 39 subjects, with a total ORR of 15.2%, and the ORR of non-liver metastasis subjects compared with liver metastasis subjects was 30% and 8.7% respectively. Based on the prospective small sample clinical trial results of other regifenib combined with PD-1 monoclonal antibody drugs, the overall ORR is between 0% and 33.3%, the ORR for non-liver metastases is between 20% and 50%, and the ORR for liver metastases is between 0% and 15%.

In this study, pMMR /MSS type patients with refractory advanced colorectal cancer without liver metastasis were selected as the subjects. Regorafenib, Toripalimab and Celecoxib were used to evaluate the maximum tolerable dose, objective response rate (ORR), total survival time (OS), progression free survival time (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), response duration (DoR) and safety of the subjects.
A composition that has insect repellent properties is made from cold processed extracted oils and an antioxidant, particularly from a combination of Neem, Citronella and Cedarwood oils. The composition can be made into lotions, creams or sprays for application to mammals and vegetation, or it can be formed into polymeric sheets, which in turn can be formed into various useful articles, such as animal collars, garbage bags, or planting material. The polymeric sheets can also be woven into cloth to form clothing, tents and other items. Further, the composition can be hydrogenated to form a semi-solid, which can be made into candles or other wax like substances. The composition is made be extracting the oils and adding an antioxidant, as well as other desired materials. Nitrogen gas may be used to cover the extracted oil before the addition of the antioxidant.
Background: Most of the Veterans Administration (VA) population is either overweight or obese, which is a serious health concern. Medical weight management visits have traditionally occurred through in-person clinics. However, the COVID-19 pandemic forced care delivery to virtual platforms. Methods: We compared weight loss with in-person versus telephone-based medical weight management (lifestyle counseling coupled with pharmacotherapy) delivered by physician and nurse practitioner visits during the pandemic. We designed a program evaluation utilizing a naturalistic (pragmatic) observational study structure, including both newly enrolled and previously established participants in the Minneapolis VA MOVE! program between 2017 and 2021. A "transition" cohort (n = 74) received in-person care from March 2019 to March 2020, and then transitioned to virtual care. A "new start" virtual care cohort (n = 149) enrolled after March 2020 was compared to a separate historical group (n = 180) that received in-person care between January 2017 and December 2019. Weight loss was accessed over a 9-month period in both cohorts. Results: Mean weight loss over 9 months was -6.5 ± 18.2 and -2.5 ± 13.3 lbs in the in-person and virtual phases of the transition cohort, respectively, without significant difference between the two phases (p = 0.22). Mean weight loss over 9 months in the new start (virtual) cohort was -14.4 ± 17.0 lbs compared to -16.7 ± 21.0 lbs in the historical cohort, without significant difference between groups (p = 0.44). Conclusions: In our naturalistic study in a single-site VA clinic setting, weight loss with telephone-based medical weight management during the pandemic was comparable to in-person care. These findings are important for veterans living in rural and/or underserved areas.
Two 5mm ports will be placed in the suprapubic and right lower quadrants to facilitate triangulation of instruments during manipulation and lavage. The peritoneal cavity will be thoroughly examined and stage classified according to Hinchey. Peritoneal lavage will be performed in all four quadrants using at least 4 litres of warmed saline until the drainage is clear. Two non-suction Penrose drains will be placed. Intravenous antibiotics will be continued for a minimum of 72hours and oral antibiotics will be continued for one week. Oral fluids will be commenced on the first postoperative day and diet will be introduced subsequently, depending on clinical status. Early mobilisation will be encouraged.