anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: With the decreasing age threshold for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA), there is an escalating demand for enhanced polyethylene durability. Although reports assessing wear in remelted highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) through radiographic imaging exist, a consensus regarding its oxidation level is lacking. This study investigated the wear, oxidation levels, and degradation of remelted HXLPE that was retrieved at least 10 years after THA.
METHODS: Our analysis focused on 7 cases of melted HXLPE liners retrieved ≥10 years after THA. All patients were women, who had an average age of 64 ± 6.5 years at the initial operation, and the mean postoperative period after THA was 12 years and 11 months ±1 year and 5 months. The wear conditions were measured by matching the shape analysis data obtained from a coordinate-measuring machine with a spherical model. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the oxidation of polyethylene, and the polyethylene structure was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy.
RESULTS: Osteolysis was not observed in any case on X-rays, computed tomography, or intraoperative findings during revision surgery. The average oxidation index (OI) of the sliding surface under load was 0.31 ± 0.22 in the 6 cases calculated after hexane treatment, and 0.69 for one case without hexane treatment. In the 6 cases calculated after hexane treatment, the average OI of the non-load-bearing sliding surface was 0.11 ± 0.20. Average wear values were 0.33 ± 0.11 mm at 45 degrees from the equatorial direction and 0.04 ± 0.07 mm in the opposite direction. The initial structure of the polyethylene was preserved at all sites with low oxidation levels; however, in one case with stem subsidence, morphological changes and a high OI were observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term oxidation and wear of remelted HXLPE liners retrieved from THA patients were minimal.
Terpenoids are defense metabolites that are induced upon infection or wounding. However, their role in systemic-induced resistance (SIR) is not known. Here, we explored the role of terpenoids in this phenomenon at a very early stage in the interaction between Austrian pine and the tip blight and canker pathogen Diplodia pinea. We induced Austrian pine saplings by either wounding or inoculating the lower stems with D. pinea. The seedlings were then challenged after 12 h, 72 h, or 10 days with D. pinea on the stem 15 cm above the induction. Lesion lengths and terpenoids were quantified at both induction and challenge locations. Key terpenoids were assayed for antifungal activity in in vitro bioassays. SIR increased with time and was correlated with the inducibility of several compounds. α-Pinene and a cluster of β-pinene, limonene, benzaldehyde, dodecanol, and n-dodecyl acrylate were positively correlated with SIR and were fungistatic in vitro, while other compounds were negatively correlated with SIR and appeared to serve as a carbon source for D. pinea. This study shows that, overall, terpenoids are involved in SIR in this system, but their role is nuanced, depending on the type of induction and time of incubation. We hypothesize that some, such as α-pinene, could serve in SIR signaling.
Recent advances in cancer therapy have substantially increased survival rates among patients, yet the prolonged effect of current treatment regimens with anthracyclines (ACs) often include severe long-term complications, notably in the form of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC). Despite known associations between AC treatment and AIC, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular pathways remains elusive. This gap is highlighted by the scarcity of reliable therapeutic interventions, with dexrazoxane being the sole FDA-approved drug to mitigate AIC risks. This study aims at elucidating the transcriptional response of human cardiomyocytes (hCMs) to AC exposure by analyzing a previously generated RNA-sequencing dataset of cardiac spheroids subjected to clinically relevant doses of ACs. The analysis revealed a robust transcriptional response identified across various time points. We aimed at identifying important transcription factors (TFs) mediating AIC by employing predictive algorithms to highlight key TFs for further experimental validation. Using shRNA constructs, we further assessed the impact of these TFs on hCM response to doxorubicin (DOX) and revealed that these TFs had a notable impact on hCM survival upon DOX exposure. TFs FOXO3, GATA2, AHR and NFE2L2 were further investigated for their role in AIC including cell viability, DOX uptake, DNA damage repair and induction of apoptosis through Cleaved-Caspase 3. Our study demonstrated that eliminating FOXO3 and GATA2 made hCMs more vulnerable to DOX and the lack of GATA2, NFE2L2 and AHR led to significantly higher intracellular levels of DOX. Additionally, FOXO3 played a role in the repair of hCM DNA damage as we observed markedly enhanced levels of CDKN1A. We also noted significant increases in DNA damage through COMET-assays when FOXO3, GATA2, NFE2L2 and AHR were absent. Furthermore, we investigated the clinical relevance by comparing our results with those from a study based on hiPSC-CMs derived from patients with doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, identifying overlapping TFs and their regulatory roles in critical cellular processes like the cell cycle and DNA repair. This approach not only advances the understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind AIC but also opens possible windows for new therapeutic approaches to mitigate the negative side-effects from patient AC treatment.
If the intramuscular test for pheochromocytoma is preferred, preparation is the same as for the intravenous test. Five milligrams of phentolamine mesylate is then dissolved in 1 mL of Sterile Water for Injection. The dose for adults is 5 mg intramuscularly; for children, 3 mg. Blood pressure is recorded every 5 minutes for 30 to 45 minutes following injection. A positive response is indicated when the blood pressure is reduced 35 mm Hg systolic and 25 mm Hg diastolic, or more, within 20 minutes following injection.

Note: Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
This group (N=40) will receive Varenicline (0.5mg once daily for days 1-3, 0.5mg twice daily for days 4-7 followed by 1mg twice daily for days 8-14). The group will consist of heavy smokers and heavy drinkers (N=20) and heavy smokers and social drinkers (N=20).
AIMS: Hypertension is a major modifiable cause of morbidity and mortality that affects over 1 billion people worldwide. Blood pressure (BP) traits have a strong genetic component that can be quantified with polygenic risk scores (PRSs). To date, the performance of BP PRSs has mainly been assessed in adults, and less is known about polygenic hypertension risk in childhood.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Multiple PRSs for systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure were developed using either genome-wide significant weights, pruning and thresholding, or Bayesian regression. Among 87 total PRSs, the top performer for each trait was applied in independent cohorts of children and adult to assess genotype-phenotype associations and disease risk across the lifespan. Differences between those with low (1st decile), average (2nd-9th decile), and high (10th decile) PRS emerge in the first years of life and are maintained throughout adulthood. These diverging BP trajectories also seem to affect cardiovascular and renal disease risk, with increased risk observed among those in the top decile and reduced risk among those in the bottom decile of the polygenic risk distribution compared with the rest of the population.
CONCLUSION: Genetic risk factors are associated with BP traits across the lifespan, beginning in the first years of life. Given the importance of exposure time in disease pathogenesis and the early rise in BP levels among those genetically susceptible, PRSs may help identify high-risk individuals prior to hypertension onset, facilitate primordial prevention, and reduce the burden of this public health challenge.
Patients aged 18 to 80 with a mid cervical level spinal cord injury who did not chose to have surgery to improve hand and arm function. Participants will be assessed at 3 time points: Baseline, Early Followup (1 month later), and Late Followup (6-24 months later). Assessments will include the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM-SR), the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and a semi-structured interview to be conducted by a study team member.
Low back pain stands as a significant factor in disability, largely resulting from intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). High glucose (HG) levels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IVDD. However, the detailed mechanism of HG in IVDD is largely unknown. Our clinical results revealed that fibrosis markers such as CTGF, Col1a1, ATF4, and EIF2 are highly expressed in advanced-stage IVDD patients. Stimulation of human annulus fibrosus cells (HAFCs) with HG, but not mannitol, promotes fibrosis protein production. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis in the GSE database found that the mTOR, PKCδ, and NF-κB pathways were significantly changed during IVDD. The mTOR, PKCδ, and NF-κB inhibitors or siRNAs all abolished HG-induced fibrosis protein production. In addition, treatment of HAFCs with HG enhances the activation of mTOR, PKCδ, and NF-κB pathways. Thus, HG facilitates fibrosis in IVDD through mTOR, PKCδ, and NF-κB pathways. These results underscore the critical role of HG as a fibrotic factor in the progression of IVDD.
Absorption

Nitroglycerin is rapidly absorbed following sublingual administration of nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. Mean peak nitroglycerin plasma concentrations occur at a mean time of approximately 6 to 7 minutes postdose (Table 1). Maximum plasma nitroglycerin concentrations (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) increase dose-proportionally following 0.3 to 0.6 mg nitroglycerin. The absolute bioavailability of nitroglycerin from nitroglycerin sublingual tablets is approximately 40% but tends to be variable due to factors influencing drug absorption, such as sublingual hydration and mucosal metabolism.

Distribution

The volume of distribution (VArea) of nitroglycerin following intravenous administration is 3.3 L/kg. At plasma concentrations between 50 and 500 ng/mL, the binding of nitroglycerin to plasma proteins is approximately 60%, while that of 1,2- and 1,3-dinitroglycerin is 60% and 30%, respectively.

Metabolism

A liver reductase enzyme is of primary importance in the metabolism of nitroglycerin to glycerol di- and mononitrate metabolites and ultimately to glycerol and organic nitrate. Known sites of extrahepatic metabolism include red blood cells and vascular walls. In addition to nitroglycerin, 2 major metabolites 1,2- and 1,3-dinitroglycerin, are found in plasma. Mean peak 1,2- and 1,3-dinitroglycerin plasma concentrations occur at approximately 15 minutes postdose. The elimination half-life of 1,2- and 1,3-dinitroglycerin is 36 and 32 minutes, respectively. The 1,2- and 1,3-dinitroglycerin metabolites have been reported to possess approximately 2% and 10%, respectively, of the pharmacological activity of nitroglycerin. Higher plasma concentrations of the dinitro metabolites, along with their nearly 10-fold longer elimination half-lives, may contribute significantly to the duration of pharmacologic effect. Glycerol mononitrate metabolites of nitroglycerin are biologically inactive.

Elimination

Nitroglycerin plasma concentrations decrease rapidly, with a mean elimination half-life of 2 to 3 minutes. Half-life values range from 1.5 to 7.5 minutes. Clearance (13.6 L/min) greatly exceeds hepatic blood flow. Metabolism is the primary route of drug elimination.

###  Drug interactions

Aspirin: Coadministration of nitroglycerin with high dose aspirin (1000 mg) results in increased exposure to nitroglycerin. The vasodilatory and hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin may be enhanced by concomitant administration of nitroglycerin with high dose aspirin.

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA): Concomitant administration of t-PA and intravenous nitroglycerin has been shown to reduce plasma levels of t-PA and its thrombolytic effect.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To highlight recent data on HPV infection and cervical precancerous lesions in adolescents with HIV, and priorities for primary and secondary HPV prevention.
RECENT FINDINGS: Incident and persistent high-risk HPV infections and cervical abnormalities are higher among young women with perinatally acquired HIV compared to their HIV-negative peers; data on HPV among males with perinatally acquired HIV are scarce. HPV vaccination is highly effective in preventing HPV-related disease, but antibody titers may decline in people with HIV. It remains unclear if emerging recommendations to reduce vaccine schedules from three doses to two or one dose are appropriate for children and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV. Due to higher risks of HPV-related cancers, screening guidelines for cervical cancer differ in their frequency and age at initiation for women with HIV, but there are no recommendations for women with perinatally acquired HIV; nor for anal cancer screening for men with perinatally acquired HIV.
SUMMARY: Data on the effectiveness of reduced HPV vaccine schedules in children and adolescents with HIV are needed. Implementation research to guide strategies for vaccination, screening, and treatment should include children, adolescents, and young adults with perinatally acquired HIV to ensure they are not left behind.
PURPOSE: A cyclo dextrin hydrogel containing hydrophobic fibroin and a method for preparing the same are provided to actively release wound healing drug to the outside. CONSTITUTION: A cyclo dextrin hydrogel contains hydrophobic fibroin. The cyclo dextrin hydrogel is prepared by cross-linking cyclo dextrin. The dextrin is selected from alpha-cyclo dextrin, beta-cyclo dextrin, and gamma-cyclo dextrin. The hydrophobic fibroin is fixed inside the cyclo dextrin hydrogel. The hydrophobic fibroin is formed by covalent bond of carbon chains.
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive-endocrine disorder with wide-ranging metabolic implications, including obesity. RNA editing, a post-transcriptional modification, can fine-tune protein function and introduce heterogeneity. However, the role of RNA editing and its impact on adipose tissue function in PCOS remain poorly understood.
METHODS: This study aimed to comprehensively analyze RNA-editing events in abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue of PCOS patients and healthy controls using high-throughput whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing.
RESULTS: Our results revealed that PCOS patients exhibited more RNA-editing sites, with adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing being prevalent. The expression of ADAR genes, responsible for A-to-I editing, was also higher in PCOS. Aberrant RNA-editing sites in PCOS adipose tissue was enriched in immune responses, and interleukin-12 biosynthetic process. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, Notch signaling, terminal uridylyl transferase 4 (TUT4), hook microtubule tethering protein 3 (HOOK3), and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) were identified to be of significant differences. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PCOS adipose tissue were enriched in immune responses compared with controls, and the DEGs between subcutaneous and abdominal adipose tissue were also enriched in immune responses suggesting the important role of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Furthermore, we identified the correlations between RNA editing levels and RNA expression levels of specific genes, such as ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) in inflammation pathways and ATM, TUT4, and YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein C2 (YTHDC2) in oocyte development pathway.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that RNA-editing dysregulation in PCOS adipose tissue may contribute to inflammatory dysregulations. Understanding the interplay between RNA editing and adipose tissue function may unveil potential therapeutic targets for PCOS management. However, further research and validation are required to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations.
The study uses a replicated randomized single case design. Twelve participants were recruited from three pain clinics and five primary care centers in different municipalities in central Sweden. The clinics and care centers provided addresses and sent a total of 600 letters with information regarding the study to patients who had completed a multimodal pain rehabilitation (MMR) at their facility within the last three years. Participants were also recruited via the Internet through an advertisement on Google Ads that was visible for two months. No reward was offered for taking part in the study. Potential participants were screened and provided demographic information on a secure internet based platform. Afterwards all screened individuals received a telephone call. Excluded individuals were informed about the reason for exclusion and given recommendations regarding alternative treatment options when indicated. Eligible participants were screened further using selected parts of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. They were also given more information about the study and invited to ask questions. Individuals who met selection criteria were randomized in blocks of four using randomizer.org and half participated in an initial pilot study while half participated in the treatment study reported here. Participants for the treatment study were thereafter randomized to either a short (five week) or a long (10 week) baseline as well as separately randomized to one of five therapists. Therapists were two clinical psychology students in their last year of training, one graduated clinical psychologist, one postgraduate clinical psychology fellow and one certified clinical psychologist. Participants gave written informed consent by sending in a form included in the initial information letter.

Participants were 12 individuals with chronic pain problems. The sample consisted of 9 females (75 %) and 3 males (25 %). Participants' age ranged from 30 to 60 (M= 47, sd= 9). See table 1 for further description of the participants. All participants had completed MMR within the past three years.

Participants for the treatment study filled in baseline measurements at between 3 and 10 time points. Baseline measurements were separated by at least five days. In connection with the last baseline measurement, participants filled out pretreatment measurements and started treatment, consisting of 10 weekly modules. Process measurements were filled out once every module, as well as longer measurements at mid- and post treatment. A follow-up was done via the platform after 3 months. Treatment consisted of 10 weeks of internet delivered, therapist guided CBT based self-help treatment based on the Unified Protocol.
Participants received a dentifrice which contains Centella asiatica, bamboo salt, dental-type silica, sodium fluoride and aminocaproic acid. Each participant brushed their teeth using only the assigned dentifrices for 3 minutes twice a day (after breakfast and before bedtime). All participants used the assigned dentifrices for 4 days in each trial cycle.
Gabapentin is described as 1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexaneacetic acid with a molecular formula of C9 H17NO2 and a molecular weight of 171.24. Gabapentin is a white to off-white crystalline solid with a pKa1 of 3.7 and a pKa2 of 10.7. It is freely soluble in water and both basic and acidic aqueous solutions. The log of the partition coefficient (n-octanol/0.05M phosphate buffer) at pH 7.4 is -1.25. It has the following structural formula:

Gabapentin capsules, USP are for oral administration and contain 100 mg, 300 mg and 400 mg of gabapentin. In addition, each capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium and magnesium stearate. The 100 mg, 300 mg and 400 mg capsule imprinting ink contains the following inactive ingredients: ammonium hydroxide; bacteria controlled EEC No. 172; black iron oxide, ethyl alcohol; isopropyl alcohol; n-butyl; potassium hydroxide; propylene glycol; purified water and shellac. 

The 100 mg capsule shell contains gelatin and titanium dioxide. 

The 300 mg capsule shell contains gelatin, titanium dioxide and yellow iron oxide. 

The 400 mg capsule shell contains gelatin, red iron oxide, titanium oxide and yellow iron oxide. 

Gabapentin film-coated tablet, USP for oral administration contains 100 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg and 800 mg of gabapentin. In addition, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: copovidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol and titanium dioxide.
Cancer patients are at a high risk of malnutrition and disease-associated catabolic derangements. It is important to differentiate between 'simple' - voluntary or involuntary - caloric restriction with protein-sparing ketogenic metabolic adaptation and cachexia, characterized by the combination of weight loss and dysmetabolism, most prominently systemic inflammation. While both conditions result in the sacrifice of fat and protein stores and thus impact on treatment tolerance, complication rates and survival, the presence of metabolic derangements is especially dangerous by straining multiple organ functions. To avoid underdiagnosing and undertreating malnutrition, all cancer patients should be routinely screened for nutritional risk. At-risk patients require comprehensive assessment for contributing and treatable causes and, if available, multi-professional efforts to improve food intake, support anabolism, alleviate distress and antagonize pro-inflammatory processes. In curative settings, anabolic support should accompany or even precede anticancer treatments. Prehabilitation before major surgery, has been studied extensively, including muscle training as well as nutritional and/or psychological support. Recent meta-analyses report a consistent benefit on functional capacity and possible improvement in postoperative complications and length of hospital stay. In palliative settings, prevailing catabolic derangements require careful assessment of the individual constellation of disturbed functions and an empathic evaluation of benefits and risks of nutritional interventions. This is of special relevance in patients with an expected survival of less than a few months. Due to the complex interactions of mechanical, metabolic and psychological factors, multi-professional teams should be involved.