anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers, including oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV + OPSCC), cervical cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (HPV + SCCA), release circulating tumor HPV DNA (ctHPVDNA) into the blood. The diagnostic performance of ctHPVDNA detection depends on the approaches used and the individual assay metrics. A comparison of these approaches has not been systematically performed to inform expected performance, which in turn affects clinical interpretation. A meta-analysis was performed using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ctHPVDNA detection across cancer anatomic sites, detection platforms, and blood components. The population included patients with HPV + OPSCC, HPV-associated cervical cancer, and HPV + SCCA with pretreatment samples analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR), digital droplet PCR (ddPCR), or next-generation sequencing (NGS). Thirty-six studies involving 2986 patients met the inclusion criteria. The sensitivity, specificity, and quality of each study were assessed and pooled for each analysis. The sensitivity of ctHPVDNA detection was greatest with NGS, followed by ddPCR and then qPCR when pooling all studies, whereas specificity was similar (sensitivity: ddPCR > qPCR, P < 0.001; NGS > ddPCR, P = 0.014). ctHPVDNA from OPSCC was more easily detected compared with cervical cancer and SCCA, overall (P = 0.044). In conclusion, detection platform, anatomic site of the cancer, and blood component used affects ctHPVDNA detection and must be considered when interpreting results. Plasma NGS-based testing may be the most sensitive approach for ctHPVDNA overall.
An innovative method of collecting cord blood stem cells from an isolated mammalian non-exsanguinated or partially exsanguinated placenta by placental perfusion is described. Placental perfusion can include perfusing the isolated placenta with a pulsatile flow of perfusion solution, for example, using a pulsatile or peristaltic pump or device. The stem cells can then be isolated from the perfusate. The perfusion solution can include an anticoagulant. The isolated mammalian placenta need not be treated with an anticoagulant prior to perfusing. The isolated placenta can be free from an anticoagulant prior to perfusing.
In recent decades, orthopedic implants have been widely used as materials to replace human bone tissue functions. Among these, metal implants play a crucial role. Metals with better chemical stability, such as stainless steel, titanium alloys, and cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy, are commonly used for long-term applications. However, good chemical stability can result in poor tissue integration between the tissue and the implant, leading to potential inflammation risks. This study creates hydrogenated CoCrMo (H-CoCrMo) surfaces, which have shown promise as anti-inflammatory orthopedic implants. Using the electrochemical cathodic hydrogen-charging method, the surface of the CoCrMo alloy was hydrogenated, resulting in improved biocompatibility, reduced free radicals, and an anti-inflammatory response. Hydrogen diffusion to a depth of approximately 106 ± 27 nm on the surface facilitated these effects. This hydrogen-rich surface demonstrated a reduction of 85.2% in free radicals, enhanced hydrophilicity as evidenced by a decrease in a contact angle from 83.5 ± 1.9° to 52.4 ± 2.2°, and an increase of 11.4% in hydroxyapatite deposition surface coverage. The cell study results revealed a suppression of osteosarcoma cell activity to 50.8 ± 2.9%. Finally, the in vivo test suggested the promotion of new bone formation and a reduced inflammatory response. These findings suggest that electrochemical hydrogen charging can effectively modify CoCrMo surfaces, offering a potential solution for improving orthopedic implant outcomes through anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
BACKGROUND: Malignant phyllodes tumors (MPTs) are rare breast tumors with high risks of local recurrence and distant metastasis. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment, but the effectiveness of adjuvant therapies is uncertain. This study was designed to analyze the prognostic risk factors associated with MPTs and evaluate the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who were first diagnosed with MPT without distant metastasis and received R0 resection surgery between 1999 and 2023 were included in the present study and stratified into 2 groups: chemotherapy and nonchemotherapy groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics between groups. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and overall survival (OS). Cox proportional hazards analyses (univariate and multivariate) were conducted to identify prognostic risk factors.
RESULTS: We conducted a study involving 145 patients, 31 of whom underwent a total of 12 different chemotherapy regimens following initial surgical resection. Most patients received chemotherapy regimens primarily consisting of anthracyclines, including anthracycline + ifosfamide (AI) or anthracycline + cyclophosphamide/docetaxel (AC-T) regimens. After a median follow-up of 54.5 months, 37 (25.5%) patients experienced local recurrence and 24 (16.6%) experienced distant metastasis. No significant difference was detected in the rates of local recurrence or distant metastasis between the 2 groups. Axillary lymph node positivity was the only risk factor for LRFS, whereas older age, larger tumors, axillary lymph node positivity, local recurrence, and distant metastasis were significantly associated with worse OS. Chemotherapy did not emerge as a protective factor for LRFS (P=.501) or OS (P=.854). After PSM, patients in the chemotherapy group did not exhibit better 5-year LRFS (P=.934) or 5-year OS (P=.328).
CONCLUSIONS: According to our retrospective evaluation, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with improved survival in patients with MPTs without distant metastasis.
The invention provides a medicament for curing chronic nasopharyngitis, and the preparation method thereof. The medicament is a medicament for oral administration, which is prepared from the following eight crude drugs: wild chrysanthemum flower, cocklebur fruit, red raspberry, paris polyphylla, shinyleaf pricklyash root, common selfheal fruit-spike, radix gentianae and radix codonopsitis. The preparation method comprises the following steps: aqueous-extracting and alcohol-depositing, concentrating the alcohol soluble extract and preparing into a thick paste, adding sucrose powder and further preparing into granules, or optionally preparing into other preparations for oral administration. The medicament has the effects of clearing heat, detoxifying, reducing phlegm and eliminating stagnation, and is applicable in curing nasopharyngitis caused by accumulation of toxic heat, nasopharyngeal gall, nasopharyngeal chronic inflammation and secretion increase after the radiation therapy of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The clinical trial shows that the medicament has good curative effect on the nasopharyngitis-related diseases without any obvious toxic or side effect and adverse reactions. The preparation method has the advantages of simple and scientific process, low cost and no pollution.
In collaboration with members of The International Melanoma Genetics Consortium, we propose to study melanoma in families lacking mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2 (CDKN2A), or the cyclin-dependant kinase 4 (CDK4) genes. CDKN2 and CDK4 are both genes that encode presumed tumor suppressor genes, mutant forms of which are known to cause increased susceptibility to melanoma. The purpose of the present study then is to confirm the existence of and to identify additional gene(s) involved in heritable melanoma (cutaneous and ocular) and their precursor lesions (atypical nevi) by linkage analysis and gene mapping strategies. It is clear that the risk to develop atypical nevi and/or melanoma is strongly influenced by genetic and environmental factors (e.g. sun exposure). Characterization of such genes could provide important insights into the inheritance, pathogenesis, and treatment of this increasingly important disease.
PURPOSE: A method of producing a sugar-free hard sugar coating by soaking a body to be coated in polyol syrup with a concentration of 80% or more and coating a core of the body to be coated is provided. It shortens the manufacturing time and avoids the problems such as adhesion between sugar coating and the coated core. CONSTITUTION: The method for producing a sugar-free hard sugar coating is characterized in that it contains one or more cycles including the steps of: sufficiently soaking a body to be coated in polyol syrup with a concentration of 80% or more; heating the polyol syrup at 100deg.C or less; and coating a core of the body to be coated. The cycle does not contain the duration between the polyol syrup coating stage and core coating stage. The polyol syrup contains 80% or more by weight of polyol, preferably 88% or more, based on the water-soluble solids of the syrup. The polyol syrup is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, erythritol, lactitol, isomalt and a mixture thereof.
Of approximately 650 patients who received cefadroxil for the treatment of urinary tract infections in three clinical trials, 28% were 60 years and older, while 16% were 70 years and older. Of approximately 1000 patients who received cefadroxil for the treatment of skin and skin structure infection in 14 clinical trials, 12% were 60 years and older while 4% were 70 years and over. No overall differences in safety were observed between the elderly patients in these studies and younger patients. Clinical studies of cefadroxil for the treatment of pharyngitis or tonsillitis did not include sufficient numbers of patients 65 years and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Other reported clinical experience with cefadroxil has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

Cefadroxil is substantially excreted by the kidney, and dosage adjustment is indicated for patients with renal impairment (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Renal Impairment). Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.
Tau protein has a causative role in Alzheimer's disease and multiple other neurodegenerative disorders exhibiting tau histopathology collectively termed tauopathies. The primary function of tau protein is to facilitate assembly and maintenance of microtubules in neuronal axons. In the disease process tau protein becomes modified, loses its affinity to microtubules and accumulates in the cell body where it forms aggregates. The large neurofibrillary tangles formed from tau protein assembled into filaments were thought to be the pathological structure of tau. However, more recent work indicates that smaller, soluble oligomeric forms of tau are best associated with neuron loss and memory impairment. Here, novel compositions of tau oligomers and novel mechanisms for tau oligomer nucleation, extension and termination are taught. Methods for producing and purifying these structures for the development of small molecule and immunotherapeutics as well as antibodies for biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases are taught.
Insomnia and pain disorders are among the most common conditions affecting United States adults and veterans, and their comorbidity can cause detrimental effects to quality of life among other factors. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia and related behavioural therapies are recommended treatments for insomnia, but chronic pain may hinder treatment benefit. Prior research has not addressed how pain impacts the effects of behavioural insomnia treatment in United States women veterans. Using data from a comparative effectiveness clinical trial of two insomnia behavioural treatments (both including sleep restriction, stimulus control, and sleep hygiene education), we examined the impact of pain severity and pain interference on sleep improvements from baseline to post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. We found no significant moderation effects of pain severity or interference in the relationship between treatment phase and sleep outcomes. Findings highlight opportunities for using behavioural sleep interventions in patients, particularly women veterans, with comorbid pain and insomnia, and highlight areas for future research.
Background: Imaging plays an essential role in the management of hepatic hydatid cysts (HCE). The objective of our study was to determine the correlation between pre-operative ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and intra-operative ultrasound (IOUS) in studying the characteristics and complications of HCE. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive, and analytical study conducted in the General Surgery Department of Habib Bourguiba Hospital in Sfax. The study included patients with HCE who underwent conservative surgery between April 2017 and June 2022. Results: We enrolled 49 patients with 94 cysts. At the end of our study, IOUS allowed for better detection of HCE (98.8%) regardless of the number of cysts per patient. IOUS and CT were accurate in studying the location of cysts (κ = 1), whereas pre-operative abdominal ultrasound was less efficient (κ = 0.870). IOUS was the best examination for detecting exocysts (κ = 0.961), studying daughter cysts (κ = 0.823), and exploring vascular relations, but it was less effective (κ = 0.523) in detecting calcifications. Regarding classifications, ultrasound and CT had similar results. However, IOUS was most reliable in differentiating between CE3b and CE4 types (κ = 0.653). Ultrasound, CT, and IOUS were not sensitive in detecting latent HCE suppurations and cystobiliary fistulas. Conclusions: Performing IOUS is essential to prevent recurrences and reduce post-operative morbidity.
Active stimulation parameters will be 1-Hz, 10 seconds per train, 10 pulses per train (3 seconds inter-train interval) for a total of 160 trains (1600 pulses/session) at 130% of resting motor threshold (MT) (using the lowest value of the dominant hemisphere), once a day, 5 day/week, for 3 weeks. The coil will be positioned over the pre-SMA, targeted using the International 10-20 EEG System. Pre-SMA is defined at 15% of the distance between inion and nasion anterior to Cz (vertex) on the sagittal midline. The coil will be placed with the handle along the sagittal midline, pointing towards the occiput to stimulate bilaterally and simultaneously the pre-SMA.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has asked the companies that are New Drug Application (NDA) holders of extended-release/long-acting (ER/LA) opioids to conduct one or more studies to provide quantitative estimates of the serious risks of prescription opioid misuse or abuse or opioid use disorder associated with long-term use of opioid analgesics for management of chronic pain, among patients prescribed opioid products. Although abuse and misuse of prescription opioids have increased over the past decade, there is debate about the magnitude of misuse, abuse, and addiction among patients who are treated with prescription opioids for chronic pain. Further, although there appears to be comorbidity of opioid use disorders with other substance use and psychiatric disorders, there is insufficient data to estimate how the risk of these outcomes varies by the presence of risk factors among patients treated with opioids long-term. This study seeks to fill that gap. The primary objective is to quantify the serious risks of prescription opioid misuse or abuse or OUD associated with long-term use of opioid analgesics for management of chronic pain among patients prescribed opioid products. Patients will be recruited from seven Health Care System Research Network (HCSRN) sites; one U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) site; and clinics participating in two Primary Care Practice-Based Research Network sites. The data sources for the proposed study will be: 1) patient reported outcomes through in-person interviews (or phone if unavailable to participate in-person), 2) web-based assessments (or phone if unable to complete via web), and 3) electronic medical record and claims data. The study design includes two components: 1) a prospective longitudinal study of patients who have recently initiated long-term opioid therapy or initiated ER/LA opioid therapy, and 2) a cross-sectional study of patients who have been treated with opioids (including at least one ER/LA opioid) for at least one year.
Despite the higher prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among persons with unilateral lower limb amputation (ULLA) compared to able-bodied individuals, relatively little is known about the fundamental mechanisms underlying this condition. This research represents a first step toward investigating lower back biomechanics using advanced computational modeling techniques to inform the future design of effective interventions for LBP. Specifically, the impact of trunk neuromuscular patterns adopted by persons with ULLA while performing activities of daily living on spinal loads and the risk of spinal tissue damage will be investigated. This will be achieved via secondary biomechanical analyses of a large set of high-quality kinematics data obtained from individuals with and without ULLA performing the following tasks: 1) walking at self-selected and controlled speeds, 2) sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit, and 3) stairs-up and stairs-down. The central hypothesis is that, compared to able-bodied individuals, trunk movement strategies adopted by persons with ULLA to cope with physical demands of common daily activities are associated with a complex pattern of internal muscle forces that result in larger loads on the spine and a higher probability for spinal tissue damage. Investigators' dataset draws from the Biomechanics Laboratory at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC) which has unprecedented access to a large population of service members with ULLA. Using this unique database, investigators will implement their novel finite element modeling approach to estimate the internal muscle forces (i.e., adopted neuromuscular patterns) needed to perform daily physical activities on the basis of satisfying equilibrium and stability across the entire lumbar spine. Completion of this project will enable the investigators to determine differences in muscle recruitment, as well as the resultant effects on spinal loads and the risk of spinal tissue damage, between persons with and without ULLA. Hence, this pilot project is expected to establish the initial groundwork for future research involving the design of highly specific interventions aimed at trunk neuromuscular behaviors during post-amputation rehabilitation to lessen adverse effects on lower back biomechanics and the potential for LBP.
PURPOSE: A composition containing a compound isolated from Dryopteris crassirhizoma NAKAI extract for preventing and treating AIDS is provided to ensure suppression effects to the activation of HIV-1 protease and use as a pharmaceutical composition and health functional food. CONSTITUTION: A compound isolated from Dryopteris crassirhizoma NAKAI extract is denoted by general formula (a). In general formula (a), R1 is hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, acetate group, halogen atom, low alkyl group of C1-C4, low alkyl ester or low alkyl carboxy group. A compound isolated from the Dryopteris crassirhizoma NAKAI extract is denoted by general formula (b). A pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating AIDS contains the novel compound of general formula (a) or (b) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient. A health functional food for preventing and treating AIDS contains the novel compound of general formula (a) or (b) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient.
Methods and compositions useful for neuronal protection in retinal cells in vitro and the protection of mammalian cells from reactive oxygen species  in vivo  are provided. UltrafÊne nano-size cerium oxide particles, less than 10 nanometers in diameter, have been provided to decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) in retina tissue that generates large amounts of ROS. These reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in light- induced retina degeneration and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Cerium oxide nanoparticles have been used to promote the lifespan of retinal neurons and protect the neurons from apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide in vitro and  in vivo.  The neuronal protection in retinal cells is achieved by decreasing generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, cerium oxide particles are used to promote the longevity of retinal neurons in vitro and mammalian cells  in vivo.
Patients with a history of rubber contact dermatitis should be evaluated for hypersensitivity to thiuram derivatives before receiving disulfiram (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).

It is suggested that every patient under treatment carry an Identification Card stating that he is receiving disulfiram and describing the symptoms most likely to occur as a result of the disulfiram-alcohol reaction. In addition, this card should indicate the physician or institution to be contacted in an emergency. (Cards may be obtained from Alvogen, Inc. upon request.)

Alcoholism may accompany or be followed by dependence on narcotics or sedatives. Barbiturates and disulfiram have been administered concurrently without untoward effects; the possibility of initiating a new abuse should be considered.

Hepatic toxicity including hepatic failure resulting in transplantation or death have been reported. Severe and sometimes fatal hepatitis associated with disulfiram therapy may develop even after many months of therapy. Hepatic toxicity has occurred in patients with or without prior history of abnormal liver function. Patients should be advised to immediately notify their physician of any early symptoms of hepatitis, such as fatigue, weakness, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, or dark urine.

Baseline and follow-up liver function tests (10 to 14 days) are suggested to detect any hepatic dysfunction that may result with disulfiram therapy. In addition, a complete blood count and serum chemistries, including liver function tests, should be monitored.

Patients taking disulfiram tablets should not be exposed to ethylene dibromide or its vapors. This precaution is based on preliminary results of animal research currently in progress that suggest a toxic interaction between inhaled ethylene dibromide and ingested disulfiram resulting in a higher incidence of tumors and mortality in rats. A correlation between this finding and humans, however, has not been demonstrated.