anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Patients will be given placebo pills in one bolus oral dose while they are in the hospital. Three months after the initial bolus dose, patients will take a placebo pill every other week for 9 months.
Mercaptopurine, a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor. The chemical name is 1,7-dihydro-6H-purine-6-thione monohydrate. The molecular formula is C5H4N4S•H2O and the molecular weight is 170.20. The structural formula is:

Mercaptopurine is a yellow, odorless or practically odorless, crystalline powder. It is practically insoluble in water with pKa 7.8, 11.2.  
  
PURIXAN (mercaptopurine) oral suspension contains 2,000 mg/100 mL (20 mg/mL) of mercaptopurine. The suspension also contains the following inactive ingredients: xanthan gum, aspartame, concentrated raspberry juice, sucrose, ethyl parahydroxybenzoate sodium, methyl parahydroxybenzoate sodium, potassium sorbate, sodium hydroxide and purified water. PURIXAN is a pink to brown viscous suspension.
The ninth edition of TNM staging for lung cancer has been announced at the 2023 World Lung Cancer Congress and implemented from January 1, 2024. The focus of the ninth TNM staging change is dividing N2 into N2a and N2b, as well as M1c into M1c1 and M1c2. Although the T staging has not changed, it has played an important role in verifying the eighth edition of the T staging. The subdivision of stage N2 has led some patients with ⅢA of the eighth edition to experience ascending or descending stages, which will more accurately help to assess the condition and prognosis of patients with mediastinal lymph node metastasis, as well as the design of related clinical studies. Modifying the M1c staging will help define oligometastasis and explore new treatment models in the future. The ninth edition of the TNM staging system provides a more detailed division of different tumor loads, but there is no clear explanation for the staging of lung cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. Further data analysis is needed, and it is expected to be answered in the tenth edition of TNM staging.
The present invention relates to a Chinese medicinal preparation for treating fracture and osteopathy, which comprises pure Chinese medicines such as Chinese angelica, chuanxiong rhizome, tall gastrodis tuber, dragon blood, red sage root, tortoiseshell, ground beetle, liquorice root, notoginseng, prepared rehmannia root, musk, xihua or safflower, pangolin, ginseng, eucommia bark, twotoothed achyranthes root, dipsacus asper, rhizoma drynariae, dragon bone, pyritum, elder, vermilion, corydalis tuber, green tangerine peel, fructus aurantii, etc. The Chinese medicinal preparation is made into any known medicament form such as medicinal powder, pills (pellets), capsules, etc. and has the functions of joining the tendon and bone, strengthening the tendon and bone, promoting blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis, promoting the flow of qi by warming the channel, relieving rigidity of the muscle, dispersing the accumulation of pathogen, tonifying blood, promoting tissue regeneration, regulating the flow of qi, promoting the circulation of qi, alleviating pain, etc. The Chinese medicinal preparation has conspicuous and fast curative effects on fracture, prolapse (bulge) of lumbar intervertebral disc, cervical spondylosis, etc.; the Chinese medicinal preparation has certain curative effects on hyperostosis and other kinds of osteopathy. The Chinese medicinal preparation has the advantages of no toxic or side effect, convenient administration, etc.
Geriatric: A study in eight young healthy subjects (21 to 22 yr) and eight elderly healthy subjects (69 to 76 yr) showed that the absolute bioavailability of levodopa was similar between young and elderly subjects following oral administration of levodopa and carbidopa. However, the systemic exposure (AUC) of levodopa was increased by 55% in elderly subjects compared to young subjects. Based on another study in forty patients with Parkinson’s disease, there was a correlation between age of patients and the increase of AUC of levodopa following administration of levodopa and an inhibitor of peripheral dopa decarboxylase. AUC of levodopa was increased by 28% in elderly patients (≥ 65 yr) compared to young patients (< 65 yr). Additionally, mean value of Cmax for levodopa was increased by 24% in elderly patients (≥ 65 yr) compared to young patients (< 65 yr) (see PRECAUTIONS, Geriatric Use). 

  


The AUC of carbidopa was increased in elderly subjects (n=10, 65 to 76 yr) by 29% compared to young subjects (n=24, 23 to 64 yr) following IV administration of 50 mg levodopa with carbidopa (50 mg). This increase is not considered a clinically significant impact.
PURPOSE: To obtain a liquid compsn. which contains retionic acid and α-tocopherol and is suitable for local medication without causing skin stimulation induced by the retinoic acid. CONSTITUTION: This liquid compsn. contains a retinoic acid such as 13-cis- retinoic acid, whole-trans-retinoic acid or its pharmaceutically allowed esters in an effective amt. to cure dermatitis, and α-tocopherol in an enough amt. to decrease dermal stimulation induced by the retinoic acid. The liquid compsn. contains preferably 0.05 to 0.2 wt.% the retinoic acid and 0.01 to 5.0 wt.% the α-tocopherol. The compsn. is used for curing acne, damages by light (namely, wrinkles) and epithelial cancer. It is preferable to incorporate a general cosmetic active component (such as sunscreen, permeation accelerator, humectant, surfactant and bactericide) into the compsn.
The LC is a small brainstem nucleus, sole source of noradrenaline (NA) to the brain. NA is involved in the physiological arousal response: LC neuronal activity is closely related with pupil dilation, and pupil size is now considered a reliable and easy-access biomarker of LC function. NA-dependent cognitive functions include attention, flexibility and memory, which are selectively impaired with age. Accordingly, LC-NA system dysfunction may occur and contribute to initial cognitive changes during old age.

The study will assess, in cognitively-healthy older volunteers from the INSPIRE cohort (n=100, over 60 years old), MRI and pupillometry markers of LC integrity, LC-forebrain connectivity and LC activity. We aim at investigating the relationship between LC biomarkers and cognitive status. Four experimental visits will be conducted by each participant, every 6 months over an 18-month period. Visits V1 and V4 will include MRI, eye-tracking and detailed cognitive exams. Visits V2 and V3 will include a detailed cognitive exam.
While cidofovir is effective in suppressing retinitis and prolonging time to progression, no studies have compared cidofovir to other therapies and its place in the treatment of CMV retinitis remains unexplored. By combining the ganciclovir intraocular device (slows retinitis progression) with oral ganciclovir (has the potential to treat both the ocular disease and to suppress dissemination to the contralateral eye and the viscera), without the use of a central venous catheter, this combination has become increasingly common. For these reasons, a comparative trial of cidofovir to other therapies is appropriate.

After being stratified by the clinic and by stage of disease, patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms: intravenous (IV) cidofovir (Group I) or intraocular ganciclovir device plus oral ganciclovir (Group II). Group I: Cidofovir is administered IV once weekly for 2 consecutive weeks, then every 2 weeks thereafter. If progression occurs, oral ganciclovir is added to treatment or if this regimen is not tolerated, patients are treated according to the best medical judgment. Concurrent oral probenecid and intravenous hydration are administered with each cidofovir infusion. Group II: An intraocular ganciclovir device is surgically implanted at baseline and then every 6 to 8 months and ganciclovir is administered orally. If more than 1 progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs, patients are treated according to the best medical judgment.
Despite the significant progress made by global experts in vascular surgery in studying endovenous microwave ablation (EMA) for the treatment of varicose veins (VVs), there are still many unknown areas to be explored. Current research primarily focuses on the surgical outcomes and associated complications of EMA, while studies on intraoperative pain are relatively scarce. Firstly, the American College of Radiology has not provided a clear definition of intraoperative pain when treating lower extremity varicose veins, thus it has not received sufficient attention in clinical practice. Many physicians consider the success of the surgery as the endpoint of treatment, overlooking the impact of intraoperative pain on the patient's surgical experience. Ni Zhao et al. found in a prospective randomized controlled trial that EMA is associated with more pain within 48 hours post-operation. When our department introduced the use of EMA for VVs, we discovered that its working form and power differ from other thermal ablations, and there are also differences in terms of intraoperative pain, the volume of tumescent fluid used, and the requirements for vein depth. With the continuous advancement in lower limb varicose vein surgeries, anesthesia methods have evolved from general anesthesia to combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, and now to local anesthesia. Tumescent anesthetic solution is the main anesthetic agent for EMA surgery, and the infiltration of tumescent anesthetic fluid around the great saphenous vein is crucial for the success of EMA; however, paradoxically, this is also the area where patients experience the most severe pain. The commonly used tumescent solution is a crystalline solution containing local anesthetics and adrenaline, which is acidic in nature and is the main reason for the 'sting' sensation during skin infiltration. A Cochrane review indicated that adjusting the pH of lidocaine solution by adding sodium bicarbonate significantly reduced pain during the skin infiltration process, as measured by the 10-centimeter Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Moreover, the temperature of the tumescent anesthetic solution also affects pain during the skin infiltration process, as noted by Bell et al. Alonso et al. found in a prospective randomized controlled trial that heating local anesthetic solutions to 37°C and 42°C can reduce pain, and heating adrenaline-containing local anesthetic solutions to near body temperature is also an effective method to alleviate local anesthetic pain. We hope to achieve better preoperative prevention and intraoperative management through an analysis of pain-related factors, thereby improving the patient's surgical experience.
Initiate treatment with 1.25 mg given once a day for at least 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the dose may be increased to 2.5 mg given once a day if a desired benefit has not been achieved and the patient is tolerating ZELAPAR. There is no evidence that doses greater than 2.5 mg a day provide additional benefit, and they should ordinarily be avoided because of the potential increased risk of adverse events.

Take ZELAPAR in the morning before breakfast and without liquid. Patients should avoid ingesting food or liquids for 5 minutes before and after taking ZELAPAR.

Patients should not attempt to push ZELAPAR through the foil backing. Patients should PEEL BACK the backing of one or two blisters (as prescribed) with dry hands, and GENTLY remove the tablet(s). Patients should IMMEDIATELY place the ZELAPAR tablet(s) on top of the tongue where it will disintegrate in seconds.
Ambrisentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist that is selective for the endothelin type-A (ETA) receptor. The chemical name of ambrisentan is (+)-(2S)-2-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid. It has a molecular formula of C22H22N2O4 and a molecular weight of 378.42. It contains a single chiral center determined to be the (S) configuration and has the following structural formula:

Figure 1 Ambrisentan Structural Formula

Ambrisentan is a white to off-white, crystalline solid. It is a carboxylic acid with a pKa of 4.0. Ambrisentan is practically insoluble in water and in aqueous solutions at low pH. Solubility increases in aqueous solutions at higher pH. In the solid state ambrisentan is very stable, is not hygroscopic, and is not light sensitive.

Ambrisentan is available as 5 mg and 10 mg film-coated tablets for once daily oral administration. The tablets include the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose. The tablets are film-coated with a coating material containing FD&C Red #40 aluminum lake, lecithin, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, talc, and titanium dioxide. Each square, pale pink ambrisentan tablet contains 5 mg of ambrisentan. Each oval, deep pink ambrisentan tablet contains 10 mg of ambrisentan. Ambrisentan tablets are unscored.
We believe that as this skin diseases (AD and Psoriasis) are effectively managed with topical and/or systemic therapies, the levels of C. acnes (and other commensal bacteria with anti-S. aureus actions) will increase and this will subsequently be followed by reductions in S. aureus and these changes will be reflected in skin barrier improvements and changes in biomarkers. We have several aims. Aim 1 - Determine how the abundance of S. aureus, other microbes of interest including, but not exclusive to, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species \[CONS\], and C. acnes on the skin surface varies as a function of time and/or disease activity in AD, plaque stage psoriasis (PS) and healthy, non-atopics (NA). Aim 2 - Validate whether a biomarker (or panel) identifies subjects with greater S. aureus burden (e.g., abundance). Aim 3 - Identify a biomarker (or panel) that predicts clinical improvement observed in our AD or PS subjects. Aim 4 - Quantify S. aureus virulence factors from skin swabs of all three subject populations. Exploratory Aim 5 - Develop a skin microbial repository (optional) where we will focus on the interplay between S. aureus and other microbes from AD and PS patients, and age- and gender-matched healthy NAs. Exploratory Aim 6 - Develop a repository of skin tape strips for biomarker and protease assays. Exploratory Aim 7 - (optional enrollment) - To identify skin epithelial gene signatures from AD skin that are unique and not found in healthy non- AD, NA control skin samples after they are infected ex vivo with HSV-1. A secondary goal of this work will be to evaluate how Real-World treatment(s) affect these observations.
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) can trigger responses from the innate immune system, provoke aseptic inflammatory processes, and result in the recruitment and accumulation of neutrophils. Excessive recruitment of neutrophils is a potential driver of persistent cardiac inflammation. Once recruited, neutrophils are capable of secreting a plethora of inflammatory and chemotactic agents that intensify the inflammatory cascade. Additionally, neutrophils may obstruct microvasculature within the inflamed region, further augmenting myocardial injury in the context of IHD. Immune-related molecules mediate the recruitment process of neutrophils, such as immune receptors and ligands, immune active molecules, and immunocytes. Non-immune-related molecular pathways represented by pro-resolving lipid mediators are also involved in the regulation of NR. Finally, we discuss novel regulating strategies, including targeted intervention, agents, and phytochemical strategies. This review describes in as much detail as possible the upstream molecular mechanism and external intervention strategies for regulating NR, which represents a promising therapeutic avenue for IHD.
Apraxia localization has relied on voxel-based, lesion-symptom mapping studies in left hemisphere stroke patients. Studies on the neural substrates of different manifestations of apraxia in neurodegenerative disorders are scarce. The primary aim of this study was to look into the neural substrates of different manifestations of apraxia in a cohort of corticobasal syndrome patients (CBS) by use of cortical thickness. Twenty-six CBS patients were included in this cross-sectional study. The Goldenberg apraxia test (GAT) was applied. 3D-T1-weighted images were analyzed via the automated recon-all Freesurfer version 6.0 pipeline. Vertex-based multivariate General Linear Model analysis was applied to correlate GAT scores with cortical thickness. Deficits in imitation of meaningless gestures correlated with bilateral superior parietal atrophy, extending to the angular and supramarginal gyri, particularly on the left. Finger imitation relied predominantly on superior parietal lobes, whereas the left angular and supramarginal gyri, in addition to superior parietal lobes, were critical for hand imitation. The widespread bilateral clusters of atrophy in CBS related to apraxia indicate different pathophysiological mechanisms mediating praxis in neurodegenerative disorders compared to vascular lesions, with implications both for our understanding of praxis and for the rehabilitation approaches of patients with apraxia.
Teratogenic Effects:Pregnancy Category D (see WARNINGS). 

All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defects, loss, or other adverse outcome regardless of drug exposure. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies on the use of minocycline in pregnant women. Minocycline, like other tetracycline-class antibiotics, crosses the placenta and may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Rare spontaneous reports of congenital anomalies including limb reduction have been reported in post-marketing experience. Only limited information is available regarding these reports; therefore, no conclusion on causal association can be established. If minocycline is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. 

Nonteratogenic Effects: (see WARNINGS).
This is a non-randomized, open label, single-center, single-arm, phase Ib study to evaluate the safety and the preliminary efficacy of short cycles of sunitinib alternated with regorafenib in participants with metastatic and/or unresectable gastrointestinal stromal tumor GISTs with prior failure of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). The study consists of two cohorts: a dose-escalation, dose-finding cohort, and dose-expansion cohort. Between 6 to 15 patients are expected to be included in the escalation cohort. A total of 20 eligible and evaluable patients will be included in the expansion cohort to further assess toxicity and evaluate preliminary efficacy.

Each treatment cycle lasts 28 days (4 weeks), during which time you will be taking the study drug, sunitinib, for the first 3 days of the week, followed by the study drug, regorafenib, for the last 4 days of the week. The study drugs will be taken continuously for 4 weeks each cycle, unless the study team instructs you otherwise. Each participant will receive a study diary. The diary will also include special instructions for taking the study drugs.
Despite the availability of microsurgical excision and stereotactic radiosurgery for cavernoma treatment and known genetic causes of most familial forms of cavernoma, uncertainties remain about cause, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and care. According to the recently published CM treatment guideline, surgical and conservative treatments are both first-line therapeutic options in previously untreated CMs (U-CMs). However, given current data, neurosurgeons are still unable to counsel patients on which would be the best option. To address the absence of high level evidence to support cerebral CM treatment decisions, there is a need for a large sample size study of cerebral CM treatment with a prospective concurrent group. China has the largest population in the world and may have the most extensive and valuable clinical resources of U-CMs. But, till now, the current treatment and outcome situation of the disease in China is not well known. Thus, the investigators are conducting a nationwide multicenter prospective registry study in China to determine the effect of different treatments on long-term outcomes in patients with untreated cerebral cavernous malformations.At least 2000 patients with untreated cerebral cavernous malformation will be enrolled from 20 Grade Ⅲ A level hospitals distributed all over China. Clinical data and laboratory data are prospectively collected by electric case report form (CRF) and uploaded online by each neurosurgery center to form the prospective clinical database in First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. This is a cohort follow-up study across a 5-year period with a 2 years interval of enrollment and 3 years follow up for each patient.
For students in the placebo group, the similar duration (20 minutes) and frequency (2 sessions a week, total of 8 sessions) of TT was applied with hands at a certain distance from the body (approximately 5 cm) and they were moved without a specific order. The application was performed by the other researcher in a separate room to the placebo group.
BACKGROUND: The Brazilian Policy for Comprehensive Care for People with Rare Diseases was implemented in 2014; however, national epidemiological data on rare diseases (RDs) are scarce and mainly focused on specific disorders. To address this gap, University Hospitals, Reference Services for Neonatal Screening, and Reference Services for Rare Diseases, all of which are public health institutions, established the Brazilian Rare Diseases Network (RARAS) in 2020. The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive nationwide epidemiological investigation of individuals with RDs in Brazil. This retrospective survey collected data from patients receiving care in 34 healthcare facilities affiliated with RARAS in 2018 and 2019.
RESULTS: The survey included 12,530 participants with a median age of 15.0 years, with women representing 50.5% of the cohort. Classification according to skin color demonstrated that 5044 (47.4%) participants were admixed. Most had a confirmed diagnosis (63.2%), with a predominance of phenylketonuria (PKU), cystic fibrosis (CF), and acromegaly. Common clinical manifestations included global developmental delay and seizures. The average duration of the diagnostic odyssey was 5.4 years (± 7.9 years). Among the confirmed diagnoses, 52.2% were etiological (biochemical: 42.5%; molecular: 30.9%), while 47.8% were clinical. Prenatal diagnoses accounted for 1.2%. Familial recurrence and consanguinity rates were 21.6% and 6.4%, respectively. Mainstay treatments included drug therapy (55.0%) and rehabilitation (15.6%). The Public Health System funded most diagnoses (84.2%) and treatments (86.7%). Hospitalizations were reported in 44.5% of cases, and the mortality rate was 1.5%, primarily due to motor neuron disease and CF.
CONCLUSION: This study marks a pioneering national-level data collection effort for rare diseases in Brazil, offering novel insights to advance the understanding, management, and resource allocation for RDs. It unveils an average diagnostic odyssey of 5.4 years and a higher prevalence of PKU and CF, possibly associated with the specialized services network, which included newborn screening services.
Each volunteer will receive a fifth of a vial (1:5 dilution) of P. vivax infected inoculum (parasitised red blood cells) at the first blood-stage controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). The optimal dose will be determined following the first CHMI and the selected dose will be administered to all volunteers (Groups 1-3) at both the second and third CHMI.