anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Background and Objectives: The diagnosis and pathology of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) remain under debate. However, there is a growing body of evidence for an autoimmune component in ME/CFS caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and other viral infections. Materials and Methods: In this work, we analyzed a large public dataset on the IgG antibodies to 3054 EBV peptides to understand whether these immune responses could help diagnose patients and trigger pathological autoimmunity; we used healthy controls (HCs) as a comparator cohort. Subsequently, we aimed at predicting the disease status of the study participants using a super learner algorithm targeting an accuracy of 85% when splitting data into train and test datasets. Results: When we compared the data of all ME/CFS patients or the data of a subgroup of those patients with non-infectious or unknown disease triggers to the data of the HC, we could not find an antibody-based classifier that would meet the desired accuracy in the test dataset. However, we could identify a 26-antibody classifier that could distinguish ME/CFS patients with an infectious disease trigger from the HCs with 100% and 90% accuracies in the train and test sets, respectively. We finally performed a bioinformatic analysis of the EBV peptides associated with these 26 antibodies. We found no correlation between the importance metric of the selected antibodies in the classifier and the maximal sequence homology between human proteins and each EBV peptide recognized by these antibodies. Conclusions: In conclusion, these 26 antibodies against EBV have an effective potential for disease diagnosis in a subset of patients. However, the peptides associated with these antibodies are less likely to induce autoimmune B-cell responses that could explain the pathogenesis of ME/CFS.
All students are treated at each intervention. Treatment will be with DP (females less than 13 years old and all males) or chloroquine (females 13 years old or older).
Ovatodiolide is a macrocyclic diterpenoid compound with various biological activities that displays considerable anticancer potential in different tumor models. However, the underlying mechanism for this antineoplastic activity remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer effect and possible molecular mechanism of ovatodiolide in human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Ovatodiolide suppressed cell colony formation and induced apoptosis in the K562 and KU812 cells. We also observed that ovatodiolide enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activated Nrf2 signaling, and inhibited mTOR phosphorylation. Autophagic flux was shown to be enhanced after treatment with ovatodiolide in K562 cells. Furthermore, autophagy inhibition alleviated ovatodiolide-induced cell apoptosis, whereas autophagy promotion aggravated apoptosis in CML cells. These results demonstrated that ovatodiolide activates autophagy-mediated cell death in CML cells. Additionally, ovatodiolide transcriptionally activated the expression of p62, and the p62 levels were negatively regulated by autophagy. Moreover, p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling was confirmed to be involved in ovatodiolide-induced cell death. Accordingly, LC3B knockdown augmented the ovatodiolide-induced p62 expression, increased the p62-Keap1 interaction, and enhanced the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus. In contrast, p62 inhibition abolished the effects that were induced through ovatodiolide treatment. Nrf2 inhibition with ML385 diminished the protective effect of autophagy inhibition in CML cells. Collectively, our results indicate that ovatodiolide induces oxidative stress and provokes autophagy, which effectively decreases the expression of p62 and weakens the protective effect of Nrf2 signaling activation, thus contributing to apoptosis in CML cells.
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence rates of hepatosteatosis and gallstones are increasing owing to the multifactorial causes of chronic kidney disease, and the prevalence may change with the availability of different forms of renal replacement therapy. We aimed to determine the incidence or prevalence rates of hepatosteatosis, cholelithiasis, and acute cholecystitis in patients with chronic kidney disease and compare them between renal replacement therapy modalities.
METHODS: A total of 270 patients (90 with chronic kidney disease stages III-V, 90 undergoing peritoneal dialysis, and 90 undergoing hemodialysis) were included and categorized into the pre-dialysis, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis groups. The patients were questioned about previous gallbladder surgeries and chronic diseases. The results of abdominal ultrasonography, tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were retrospectively evaluated with respect to the findings on the hepatobiliary system. Hepatosteatosis and cholelithiasis were diagnosed by expert radiologists on the basis of abdominal ultrasonography, tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings. The prevalence rates of hepatosteatosis, cholelithiasis, and other liver findings were compared between the groups.
FINDINGS: Hepatosteatosis and cholelithiasis were detected in 16.7% and 21.5% of the 270 cases, respectively. Hepatosteatosis was present in 17.8%, 25.6%, and 6.7% of patients in the pre-dialysis, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis groups, respectively. The prevalence of hepatosteatosis was significantly higher in patients undergoing hemodialysis than in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (p = 0.002). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the peritoneal dialysis and pre-dialysis groups or between the hemodialysis and pre-dialysis groups (p >0.05). The prevalence rates of cholelithiasis were 15.6%, 28.9%, and 20.0%, in the pre-dialysis, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis groups, respectively, and there were no statistically significant differences among the groups. The incidence of acute cholecystitis was significantly higher in the hemodialysis group than in the pre-dialysis group (p = 0.006).
DISCUSSION: Our study showed that the hepatobiliary system is frequently affected in chronic kidney disease and that the findings may differ depending on the renal replacement therapy modality.
Malnutrition in critical illness is common and is associated with significant increases in adverse outcomes. A hypermetabolic state and underfeeding both contribute to the incidence of malnutrition. Malabsorption caused by critical illness is also an important contributor to the development of malnutrition. The early provision of enteral nutrition is associated with improved outcomes. Strategies for nutrition therapy must be informed by the alterations in absorption of macronutrients present in these patients. The following review examines alterations in fat metabolism during critical illness, and its consequences to overall nutrition status. Critical illness, as well as the sequalae of common medical interventions, may lead to alterations in the mechanical and chemical processes by which fat is digested and absorbed. Mechanical alterations include delayed gastric emptying and changes to the normal gut transit time. Pharmacologic interventions aimed at reducing these impacts may themselves, negatively affect efficient fat absorption. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency can also occur in critical illness and may be underappreciated as a cause of fat malabsorption. Dysfunction of the gut lymphatics has been proposed as a contributing factor to fat malabsorption, and additional work is needed to better describe and quantify those effects. Achieving optimal outcomes for nutrition therapy requires recognition of these alterations in fat digestion.
AIMS: To devise effective preventive measures, a profound understanding of the evolving patterns and trends in atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) burdens is pivotal. Our study was designed to quantify the burden and delineate the risk factors associated with AF and AFL across 204 countries and territories spanning 1990-2021.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Data pertaining to AF and AFL were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The burden of AF/AFL was evaluated using metrics such as incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), deaths, and their corresponding age-standardized rates (ASRs), stratified by age, sex, socio-demographic index (SDI), and human development index (HDI). The estimated annual percentage change was employed to quantify changes in ASRs. Population attributable fractions were calculated to determine the proportional contributions of major risk factors to age-standardized AF/AFL deaths. This analysis encompassed the period from 1990 to 2021. Globally, in 2021, there were 4.48 million incident cases [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 3.61-5.70], 8.36 million DALYs (95% UI: 6.97-10.13) and 0.34 million deaths (95% UI: 0.29-0.37) attributed to AF/AFL. The AF/AFL burden in 2021, as well as its trends from 1990 to 2021, displayed substantial variations based on gender, SDI quintiles, and geographical regions. High systolic blood pressure emerged as the leading contributor to age-standardized AF/AFL incidence, prevalence, death, and DALY rate globally among all potential risk factors, followed closely by high body mass index.
CONCLUSION: Our study underscores the enduring significance of AF/AFL as a prominent public health concern worldwide, marked by profound regional and national variations. Despite the substantial potential for prevention and management of AF/AFL, there is a pressing imperative to adopt more cost-effective strategies and interventions to target modifiable risk factors, particularly in areas where the burden of AF/AFL is high or escalating.
During Part A (Cohort 2), Subjects will receive a single matching placebo in morning on Day 1 in each of the 4 treatment (dosing) periods after an overnight fast of at least 8 hours. Dosing with food may also be done once results from the food effect analysis are available. Placebo for the treatment period may also be divided into 2 or 3 smaller doses administered within 24 hours in a similar manner if divided for subjects receiving active treatment in the same period. One of the 4 dosing periods will be food effect group, determined based on from previous cohorts, where the placebo will be given with a high fat meal. There will be a 2 week washout between doses initially but the washout period may be modified depending on emerging data from previous cohorts. Subjects will be followed up to 2 weeks from the last dose.
Mechanisms receive natural language content and analyze the natural language content to generate a parse tree data structure. The mechanisms process the parse tree data structure to identify one or more instances of candidate hypothetical spans in the natural language content. Hypothetical spans are terms or phrases indicative of a hypothetical statement. The mechanisms calculate, for each candidate hypothetical span, a confidence score value indicative of a confidence that the candidate hypothetical span is an actual hypothetical span based on a personalized hypothetical dictionary data structure associated with a source of the natural language content. The mechanisms perform an operation based on the natural language content. The operation is performed with portions of the natural language content corresponding to the one or more identified instances of actual hypothetical spans being given different relative weights within portions of the natural language content than other portions of the natural language content.
Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) induced fibrogenic changes in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells have been implicated in trabecular meshwork (TM) damage and intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. Silibinin (SIL) exhibited anti-fibrotic properties in various organs and tissues. This study aimed to assess the effects of SIL on the TGF-β2-treated HTM cells and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our study found that SIL effectively inhibited HTM cell proliferation, attenuated TGF-β2-induced cell migration, and mitigated TGF-β2-induced reorganization of both actin and vimentin filaments. Moreover, SIL suppressed the expressions of fibronectin (FN), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the TGF-β2-treated HTM cells. RNA sequencing indicated that SIL interfered with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT) signaling pathway, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, and focal adhesion in the TGF-β2-treated HTM cells. Western blotting demonstrated SIL inhibited the activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathways induced by TGF-β2, potentially contributing to its inhibitory effects on ECM protein production in the TGF-β2-treated HTM cells. Our study demonstrated the ability of SIL to inhibit TGF-β2-induced fibrogenic changes in HTM cells. SIL could be a potential IOP-lowering agent by reducing the fibrotic changes in the TM tissue of POAG patients, which warrants further investigation through additional animal and clinical studies.
This is an open label (all people know the identity of the intervention), multi-center (study conducted at multiple sites), non-comparative, single arm study of bortezomib. The study consists of 3 phases: Screening phase (21 days before Day 1 of cycle 1); Treatment phase (consist of 8 cycles each cycle of 21 days or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity); and a Follow-up phase (for participants with positive treatment response or stable disease at the final visit). Follow-up for disease progression will be done in every 3 months up to 2 years. Participants who will experience disease progression after completing at least 2 cycles of bortezomib treatment or have no change from baseline in stable disease after completing at least 4 cycles or as per Investigator's discretion will receive dexamethasone. Efficacy will be primarily evaluated by percentage of participants with renal compromised Multiple Myeloma by International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) uniform response criteria. Participants' safety will be monitored throughout the study.
Clarithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antimicrobial for oral use. Chemically, it is 6-0‑ methylerythromycin. The molecular formula is C38H69NO13, and the molecular weight is 747.96. The structural formula is:

Figure 1: Structure of Clarithromycin

Clarithromycin is a white to off-white crystalline powder. It is soluble in acetone, slightly soluble in methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile, and practically insoluble in water.

Clarithromycin tablets, USP are intended for oral administration and contain 250 mg or 500 mg of clarithromycin, USP. In addition, each clarithromycin tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, povidone, talc, and titanium dioxide.
A drug carrier nanoparticle has been synthesized that can specifically target the proximal tubules of the kidneys. The nanoparticles accumulate in the kidneys to a greater extent than other organs (e.g., up to 3 or more times greater in the kidney than any other organ). They can encapsulate many classes of drug molecules. The nanoparticles are biodegradable and release the drug as they degrade. The particles can sustainably release a drug within the kidneys for up to two months. The nanoparticles are useful for the treatment of diseases that affect the proximal tubules, such as heart failure, liver cirrhosis, hypertension, and renal failure; the study of relative blood flow to the renal cortex and medulla; and delivery of agents to treat gout.
Linkage studies have indicated a potential genetic predisposition to cholelithiasis. This study aims to determine the frequency of positive family history of gallstone disease in patients presenting with gallstones in a Pakistani population. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the surgical department of the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital from June 30, 2023 to August 30, 2023. A total of 102 radiologically confirmed cholelithiasis patients were enrolled. Out of 102 participants, 75.5% (n = 77) were females, with a mean age at presentation of 42.1 ± 12.1 years. The study found that 32.4% (n = 33) of participants had a single family member with gallstones, 3.9% (n = 4) had 2 family members affected, and 1% (n = 1) had 3 family members affected. The attributable risk of genetics from our study was 37.2%. Additionally, there was no significant association between positive family history and earlier onset of disease. A significant percentage of Pakistani population may have gallstone disease due to genetic factors.
The invention discloses a phase-transition nanobubble, a preparation method and application thereof. The nanobubble is prepared by taking amphiphilic chitosan-polylactic acid graft copolymer as a coating material, taking perfluoropentane capable of undergoing liquid-gas phase transition under the action of temperature as a bubble core filling material and adopting an emulsion solvent volatilization method. The prepared nanobubble is cream yellow, has the particle size of 101.1 +/-2.7 nm, has small change of the particle size in 2 months in vitro, has good stability, can enhance the ultrasonic imaging effect under the action of ultrasonic waves, and can be broken by the ultrasonic waves. The chitosan-polylactic acid graft copolymer nano-bubbles prepared by the emulsion solvent volatilization method have good external stability and can enhance ultrasonic imaging. The nanobubbles can be loaded with MRI contrast agents, and the MRI imaging effect of tumor lesions is improved. The nanobubble can also load antitumor drugs, is used for the targeted therapy of tumors, is a novel multifunctional imaging nano contrast agent integrating diagnosis and treatment, and has great application value.
Cold Sores (Herpes Labialis): The recommended dosage of VALTREX for treatment of cold sores is 2 grams twice daily for 1 day taken 12 hours apart. Therapy should be initiated at the earliest symptom of a cold sore (e.g., tingling, itching, or burning).

Genital Herpes: Initial Episode: The recommended dosage of VALTREX for treatment of initial genital herpes is 1 gram twice daily for 10 days. Therapy was most effective when administered within 48 hours of the onset of signs and symptoms.

Recurrent Episodes: The recommended dosage of VALTREX for treatment of recurrent genital herpes is 500 mg twice daily for 3 days. Initiate treatment at the first sign or symptom of an episode.

Suppressive Therapy: The recommended dosage of VALTREX for chronic suppressive therapy of recurrent genital herpes is 1 gram once daily in patients with normal immune function. In patients with a history of 9 or fewer recurrences per year, an alternative dose is 500 mg once daily.

In HIV-1 infected patients with a CD4+ cell count greater than or equal to 100 cells/mm3, the recommended dosage of VALTREX for chronic suppressive therapy of recurrent genital herpes is 500 mg twice daily.

Reduction of Transmission: The recommended dosage of VALTREX for reduction of transmission of genital herpes in patients with a history of 9 or fewer recurrences per year is 500 mg once daily for the source partner.

Herpes Zoster: The recommended dosage of VALTREX for treatment of herpes zoster is 1 gram 3 times daily for 7 days. Therapy should be initiated at the earliest sign or symptom of herpes zoster and is most effective when started within 48 hours of the onset of rash.
FIELD: stomatology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to preliminarily treating dentine and preparing priming composition to be directly applied on solid tissue. Invention places special emphasis on adhesion of coating material to sclerotic dentine and cervical enamel to be coated under high moisture conditions. Priming composition ensures very strong linkage with dentine. First, adhesion-effective amounts of acid and dispersed in water polymer-containing film-forming material are applied on solid tissue, after which film-forming material hardens. Suitable priming compositions including mixture of acid and film-forming material with polymer are presented in the form of film on the surface of solid cloth. EFFECT: increased coating-to-dentine adhesion. 53 cl, 15 tbl, 16 ex
A portable bio-feedback exercise prescription device and an exercise prescription method using the same are provided to offer an optimal exercise prescription to a recognized user and continuously monitor physical information of the user by automatically recognizing the user and an exercise tool, and automatically controlling the exercise tool according to an exercise level of the user. A mobile phone unit(170) performs voice/data communication by connecting to the mobile network. An object recognizer(110) recognizes at least one of the user and the exercise tool(190). An exercise prescription provider(120) provides the exercise prescription corresponding to a health state of the recognized user. A wireless interface(130) receives the physical information of the user from a physical information measuring module(180). A bio-feedback signal generator(150) generates a bio-feedback signal for controlling the recognized exercise tool based on the physical information and the exercise prescription of the recognized user. A display part(160) audiovisually displays at least one of the physical information, the exercise prescription, and state information of the exercise tool.
The present application relates to oral taxane compositions and methods. The pharmaceutical composition comprises a taxane (e.g., paclitaxel, docetaxel, cabazitaxel, larotaxel, otaxel, and/or tesetaxel) in a mixture of first and second surfactants. The increase in the absorbance of the taxane from the pharmaceutical composition is greater than the sum of the absorbance of the docetaxel from the first or second surfactant. The increase in absorbency is particularly enhanced when the weight ratio of the first surfactant to the second surfactant in the pharmaceutical composition is between 60:40 and 85:15, and the total surfactant weight does not exceed 98% of the total weight. Polysorbate 80, polysorbate 20 and caprylocaproyl polyoxylglycerides serve as suitable first surfactants, while polysorbate 80 or polyethoxylated castor oil serve as suitable second surfactants. The stability of the pharmaceutical composition may be enhanced by further comprising a stabilizer (e.g., citric acid and/or ascorbic acid).
Non Probability Convenient sampling was done . Patients following eligibility criteria from Sports and Spine Professionals ,Lahore were considered. Sample size was calculated with Epi tool calculator. 38 Participants were randomly allocated in two groups equally via convenient sampling method. Baseline assessment was done initially. Group A was given gluteal activation exercises with traction straight leg raise technique for hamstring and Group B was gluteal activation exercises without traction straight leg raise technique for hamstring. Duration of research was almost 6 months. Patient will undergo 10 treatments in five weeks. Each session will take 30 minutes. Pre and Post treatment readings were taken in 1st and 10th session over a 5 week period respectively. Assessment was done via sphygmomanometer and numeric pain rating scale for assessing muscle strength of gluteus maximum and pain levels respectively. All participants were provided written informed consent prior to commencement of the procedures. They were free to quit the treatment at any stage of research. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 23.
Participants will receive one injection of placebo at study entry (Day 0). On Day 180, participants will receive one injection of rDEN2∆30-7169.