anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The prime action of beta-adrenergic drugs is to stimulate adenyl cyclase, the enzyme which catalyzes the formation of cyclic-3',-5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The cyclic AMP thus formed mediates the cellular responses. In vitrostudies and in vivopharmacologic studies have demonstrated that albuterol has a preferential effect on beta 2-adrenergic receptors compared with isoproterenol. While it is recognized that beta2 -adrenergic receptors are the predominant receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, recent data indicate that 10% to 50% of the beta-receptors in the human heart may be beta 2-receptors. The precise function of these receptors, however, is not yet established. Controlled clinical studies and other clinical experience have shown that inhaled albuterol, like other beta-adrenergic agonist drugs, can produce a significant cardiovascular effect in some patients, as measured by pulse rate, blood pressure, symptoms, and/or electrocardiographic changes. Albuterol is longer acting than isoproterenol in most patients by any route of administration because it is not a substrate for the cellular uptake processes for catecholamines nor for catechol- O-methyl transferase. 

Pharmacokinetics

Studies in asthmatic patients have shown that less than 20% of a single albuterol dose was absorbed following either intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) or nebulizer administration; the remaining amount was recovered from the nebulizer and apparatus, and expired air. Most of the absorbed dose was recovered in urine collected during the 24 hours after drug administration. Following oral administration of 4 mg albuterol, the elimination half-life was five to six hours. Following a 3 mg dose of nebulized albuterol in adults, the mean maximum albuterol plasma level at 0.5 hours was 2.1 ng/mL (range, 1.4 to 3.2 ng/mL). The pharmacokinetics of albuterol following administration of 0.63 mg (0.021%) or 1.25 mg (0.042%) albuterol sulfate inhalation solution by nebulization have not been determined in children 2 to 12 years old.
The present application provides an RNA delivery system for treating Parkinson's disease. The system comprises a viral vector. The viral vector carries an RNA fragment capable of treating Parkinson's disease. The viral vector can be enriched in an organ tissue of a host, and endogenously and spontaneously form, in the organ tissue of the host, a composite structure containing the RNA fragment capable of treating Parkinson's disease. The composite structure can deliver the RNA fragment to a target tissue to achieve the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The safety and reliability of the RNA delivery system for treating Parkinson's disease provided by the present application has been fully verified, and the RNA delivery system has remarkable druggability and high universality, and thus has excellent economic benefits and application prospects.
After jaw resection, free vascularized bone flaps are frequently used for repairing maxillofacial defects. Owing to the extensive loss of dentition and soft tissues after the ablative surgery, the use of conventional fixed and removable prostheses is often limited in such cases. Implant-supported fixed prosthesis could be a better alternative which is free-standing and does not rely on tooth or soft tissue support. Dental implants on bone flaps restore the patient's oral function and comfort. Simultaneous dental implantation is more preferable to secondary implantation as it saves the patients from going through a second surgery after recovering from the first one.

However, conventional freehand immediate placement of dental implants in jaw reconstructive surgery is technically challenging as the position has to be highly precise to support an aesthetic and functional prosthesis. The current development of computer-aided surgery has been able to plan the inset of a vascularized bone flap in the maxillomandibular complex using digitally planned and printed surgical guides based on the patient's computed tomography (CT) data. The computer-aided surgery also facilitates the placement of dental implants at the optimal position and the modification of the bony reconstruction according to the implant position. Previously, the investigators have designed and fabricated novel patient-specific surgical plates by metal three- dimensional (3D) printing technology for jaw reconstruction, which led to precise reconstructive outcomes. In this study, the investigators propose a novel three-in-one patient-specific surgical guide (3-in-1-PSSG) which includes bone segmentation, surgical plate and implant placement positioning functions, to facilitate simultaneous dental implants in vascularized bone flap jaw reconstruction. It is hypothesized that the 3-in-1-PSSG simplifies the surgical procedure. Together with the patient-specific titanium plate, the clinical outcomes for simultaneous dental implants in jaw reconstruction with vascularized bone flap will be improved.

In this study, the aim is to preliminarily evaluate the clinical outcome of simultaneous dental implants in vascularized bone flaps in jaw reconstruction using patient-specific surgical plates and 3-in-1-PSSG. The objectives of this study were: 1) to investigate the intraoperative success rate; 2) to measure the accuracy of dental implants position; and 3) to assess implant survival rate and postoperative adverse events.
Severe COVID-19 is characterized by systematic hyper-inflammation and subsequent damage to various organs. Therefore, it is critical to trace this cascade of hyper-inflammation. Blood transcriptome has been routinely utilized in the interrogation of host immune response in COVID-19 and other infectious conditions. In this study, consensus gene dysregulation in the blood was obtained from 13 independent transcriptome studies on COVID-19. Among the up-regulated genes, the most prominent functional categories were neutrophil degranulation and cell cycle, which is clearly different from the classical activation of interferon signaling pathway in seasonal flu. As for the potential upstream causal factors of the atypical gene dysregulation, systemic hypoxia was further examined because it is much more widely reported in COVID-19 than that in seasonal flu. It was found that both physiological and pathological hypoxia can induce activation of neutrophil degranulation-related genes in the blood. Furthermore, COVID-19 patients with different requirement for oxygen intervention showed distinctive levels of gene expression related to neutrophil degranulation in the whole blood, which was validated in isolated neutrophils. Thus, activation of neutrophil degranulation-related genes in the blood of COVID-19 could be partially attributed to hypoxia. Interestingly, similar pattern was also observed in H1N1 infection (the cause of Spanish flu) and several other severe respiratory viral infections. As for the molecular mechanism, both HIF-dependent and HIF-independent pathways have been examined. Since the activation of neutrophil degranulation-related genes is highly correlated with disease severity in COVID-19, early detection of hypoxia and active intervention may prevent further activation of neutrophil degranulation-related genes and other harmful downstream hyper-inflammation. This common mechanism is applicable to current and future pandemic as well as the severe form of common respiratory infection.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare inflammatory myeloid neoplasm characterized by the clonal proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells. The reactivation rate of LCH exceeds 30%. However, an effective prediction model to predict reactivation is lacking. To select potential prognostic factors of LCH and construct an easy-to-use predictive model based on machine-learning algorithms. Clinical records of LCH inpatients in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, from 2008 to 2022, were retrospectively studied. Seventy-six patients were classified into a reactivated/progressive group or a stable group. Clinical features and laboratory outcomes were compared, and machine-learning algorithms were used for building prognostic prediction models. Clinical classification (single-system LCH, multiple-system LCH, and central nervous system/lung LCH), level of anemia, bone involvement, skin involvement, and elevated monocyte count were the best performing factors and were finally chosen for the construction of the prediction models. Our results show that the above-mentioned five factors can be used together in a prediction model for the prognosis of LCH patients. The major limitations of this study include its retrospective nature and the relatively small sample size.
The incidence of thyroid cancer, one of the most common forms of endocrine cancer, is increasing rapidly worldwide in developed and developing countries. Various risk factors can increase susceptibility to thyroid cancer, but particular emphasis is put on the role of DNA repair genes, which have a significant impact on genome stability. Polymorphisms of these genes can increase the risk of developing thyroid cancer by affecting their function. In this article, we present a concise review on the most common polymorphisms of selected DNA repair genes that may influence the risk of thyroid cancer. We point out significant differences in the frequency of these polymorphisms between various populations and their potential relationship with susceptibility to the disease. A more complete understanding of these differences may lead to the development of effective prevention strategies and targeted therapies for thyroid cancer. Simultaneously, there is a need for further research on the role of polymorphisms of previously uninvestigated DNA repair genes in the context of thyroid cancer, which may contribute to filling the knowledge gaps on this subject.
To provide a patch that appropriately releases shikonins from an adhesive layer to the skin, is difficult to peel off from the skin, and does not easily leave adhesive residue when peeled off, and a manufacturing method thereof.MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM: There is provided a patch, that has a support and an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer contains a resin composition and a liquid composition. The content of the resin composition is 25% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass. The liquid composition contains shikonins and a nonionic surfactant. An acrylic copolymer is composed of first structural units derived from a monomer selected from (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester, (meth) acrylic acid alkoxyalkyl ester having no hydroxy group in the molecule, and saturated fatty acid vinyl ester and second structural units derived from a monomer selected from (meth) acrylic acid hydroxyalkyl ester and hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylamide. The acrylic copolymer has a network structure crosslinked with an isocyanate-based cross-linking agent.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
PURPOSE: To obtain an oxidizing agent useful for producing medicines capable of systemically and parenterally administrating, especially used for anticoagulation, fibrinolysis or immune stimulation. CONSTITUTION: This oxidizing agent is preferably a reactive halogenoamine exhibiting selectivity to methionine. The oxidizing agent is included to prepare a medicine for systemic and parenteral administration. The oxidizing agent is administered in an amount reaching 0.01-0.5mmol concentration based on 1 liter blood in vivo and 0.05-100mmol oxidizing agent is administered once in the case of a patient having 75kg weight. The oxidizing agent is preferably intravenously administered. A substance having anticoagulating activity and promoting fibrinolysis obtained by using the oxidizing agent is useful for prevention of both of hypercoagulability and lowering state of fibrinolytic ability.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a primary cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, presenting a significant and unmet medical challenge. The necessity to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying NASH is highlighted by the observed decrease in programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) expression in NASH patients, suggesting that PDCD4 may play a protective role in maintaining liver health. In this study, we identify PDCD4 as a natural inhibitor of NASH development in mice. The absence of PDCD4 leads to the spontaneous progression of NASH. Notably, PDCD4-deficient hepatocytes display elevated major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression due to CIITA activation, indicating that PCDC4 prevents the abnormal transformation of hepatocytes into antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Cell co-culture experiments reveal that hepatocytes lacking PDCD4, which resemble APCs, can directly activate CD4+ T cells by presenting multiple peptides, resulting in the release of inflammatory factors. Additionally, both cellular and animal studies show that CIITA promotes lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and exacerbates NASH progression. In summary, our findings reveal a novel role of PDCD4 in regulating CIITA and MHCII expression during NASH development, offering new therapeutic approaches for NASH treatment.
Because sleep disturbances may be the presenting manifestation of a physical and/or psychiatric disorder, symptomatic treatment of insomnia should be initiated only after a careful evaluation of the patient. The failure of insomnia to remit after 7 to 10 days of treatment may indicate the presence of a primary psychiatric and/or medical illness that should be evaluated. Worsening of insomnia or the emergence of new thinking or behavior abnormalities may be the consequence of an unrecognized psychiatric or physical disorder. Such findings have emerged during the course of treatment with sedative/hypnotic drugs, including zaleplon. Because some of the important adverse effects of zaleplon appear to be dose-related, it is important to use the lowest possible effective dose, especially in the elderly (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).  
  
A variety of abnormal thinking and behavior changes have been reported to occur in association with the use of sedative/hypnotics. Some of these changes may be characterized by decreased inhibition (e.g., aggressiveness and extroversion that seem out of character), similar to effects produced by alcohol and other CNS depressants. Other reported behavioral changes have included bizarre behavior, agitation, hallucinations, and depersonalization.
Agents for combatting bodily stresses or stress situations contain nicotinamide, ascorbic acid and a polyvalent sugar as carrier mass. Pref. agents contain 9 pts. fructose, 0.6 pts. ascorbic acid and 0.4 pts. nicotinamide. The agents are of use for combatting the deleterious effects of alcohol and nicotine, colds, rheumatic diseases and similar stress situations. They may also be used as bacteriostatic agents, for preventing sunburn, and for protecting against ionising radiation. The ascorbic acid content of the agents is stabilised by the other ingredients, and at the same time all three components act synergistically to give higher and more prolonged activity.
Followed by a 1 week normal run in period subjects will undergo a 3 min bout, every half hour between 8 am and 6 pm comprises of simple low-intensity exercise such as moderate walking about or climbing a flight of stairs over a 3-week period. Subjects will undergo a muscle and fat biopsy at the start of the 4 w period and after. An oral glucose test at the start and after completion of the 4 week period. Physical activity and glucose will be monitored during the study period.
Placebo will be administered by inhalation through the mouth. It will be administered in both Cohort A1 and Cohort A2. Six participants will receive the active study drug and 2 participants will receive placebo.
Participants undergoing the experimental (high-stress) arm are exposed to a gold-standard laboratory stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test (Kirschbaum et al., 1993). Participants are given five minutes to prepare for a five-minute speech task followed by a five-minute mental arithmetic task in front of two panelists wearing white lab coats (i.e., a male and female research assistant). The speech task posits the participant in a mock interview, with the two panelists listening to the speech in an unresponsive, neutral manner and asking standardized probing questions. Participants undergoing the mental arithmetic task are instructed to subtract odd numbers (i.e., 7 and 13) from a large number (i.e., 2935) as quickly as possible. If the participant makes a mistake, the panelist interrupts them and instructs them to start the task again from the beginning. The panelists also constantly remind the participant to "go faster" if they start to slow down with the task.
Eleven clusters (Villages) will be randomly selected. A cluster will comprises of 10-15 volunteers selected from a cohort 10-15 households. Educative sessions will be held in each cluster once every fortnight using a participatory methods by a trained Village Health Worker (VHW). A session will focus on one thematic area running for 1-2 hours. Trained volunteers will in turn replicate the session(s) in their cohorts and do home visits to monitor care practices and screen children for various ailment. Health information is collated from each cluster and consolidated by the VHW who reports monthly at the clinic.
NEW MATERIAL:A peptide expressed by the formula [(1) and (2) or (3) and (4) are directly bonded; X is absent or represents amino acid sequence Ser- Ser-Asp]. USE:A diuretic and hypotensive agents. PREPARATION:For example, a frog heart is finely cut and treated with boiling water for 5min to inactivate proteases. One M acetic acid and 20mM hydrochloric acid are then added to homogenize the finely cut heart in a homogenizer. The resultant homogenate is then centrifuged to subject the supernatant to ion exchange chromatography. Adsorbed substances are subsequently eluted with 2M pyridine-acetic acid, etc., to provide an active fraction containing a basic peptide using relaxant activity of a chick rectal specimen as an index. Furthermore, the resultant fraction is successively subjected to gel filtration and affinity chromatography using an antibody column and purified to afford the frog atrial natriuretic active peptide (fANP) expressed by the formula.
Postprandial test : The preparation used for this test consists of a semi standardized liquid meal (400 ml energy drink Fresubin® 2 cal / ml, Fresenius Kabi, France), containing 800 kcal, 50% calories from carbohydrates, 15% in as protein, and 35% as lipid. The test meal will be performed in the morning during 6 hours (between 8:00 and 14:00) after 10 hours of fasting.
The TREAT (The Crohn's Therapy, Resource, Evaluation, and Assessment Tool) registry is a prospective, observational, multicenter, long-term registry featuring clinical, economic, and humanistic measures characterizing the treatment of Crohn's disease. The physicians will track treatments and patient outcomes over at least a 5-year period. Physicians are expected to manage patients as they would under normal practice conditions. No predefined schedule of visits or medical procedures are required. Data are collected on a semi-annual basis by physicians documenting assessment of disease severity, medication use, and adverse events. Upon enrollment, patients complete a health assessment questionnaire. As this is an observational study, no study drugs are administered. Through the course of the Registry, analyses will be performed to support submissions to health authorities, and questions of academic interest.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease associated with the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Although its pathogenesis remains unclear, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation significantly contributes to the development of PD. Here we showed that the sine oculis homeobox (SIX) homologue family transcription factors SIX2 exerted significant effects on neuroinflammation. The SIX2 protein, which is silenced during development, was reactivated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated microglia. The reactivated SIX2 in microglia mitigated the LPS induced inflammatory effects, and then reduced the toxic effect of conditioned media (CM) of microglia on co-cultured MES23.5 DA cells. Using the LPS-stimulated Cx3cr1-CreERT2 mouse model, we also demonstrated that the highly-expressed SIX2 in microglia obviously attenuated neuroinflammation and protected the DA neurons in SN. Further RNA-Seq analysis on the inflammatory activated microglia revealed that the SIX2 exerted these effects via up-regulating the FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 2 (FXYD2). Taken together, our study demonstrated that SIX2 was an endogenous anti-inflammatory factor in microglia, and it exerted anti-neuroinflammatory effects by regulating the expression of FXYD2, which provides new ideas for anti-neuroinflammation in PD.
Patients receive trastuzumab emtansine IV over 90 minutes on day 1. Cycles repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
The inclusion criteria will be students enrolled in public secondary schools (12-17 years old), that belong to the same "health area". We also include families and teachers because we understand that their knowledge of the context can support the interventions of change proposals and are consistent with the participatory nature of the project. The inclusion criteria for families are parents, mothers, or legal tutors of minors with communication skills to participate in a group. Finally, all the teachers in every center will be invited to participate in the study.
Memantine will be given orally for four weeks starting two weeks before surgery. Memantine will be given in increasing doses: 5 mg/day for 3 days; 10 mg/day for 3 days; 15 mg/day for 3 days and 20 mg/day for 5 days.
Patients with the history of ingestion of aspirin and/or ADP receptor antagonist (clopidogrel or ticlopidine) for at least 7 days prior the surgery. All patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass on elective and urgent basis.
BACKGROUND: Preterm infants who leave the intrauterine environment early are deprived of tactile stimuli. This affects the physical, emotional and social developments of infants and their physical growth parameters such as weight, height and head circumference negatively.
AIM: This research was conducted to determine the effects of massage on the development of preterm infants.
MATERIAL-METHOD: This research was conducted as randomized controlled research with two groups (massage-control). The infants in the intervention group received massage for 30 days. Height, weight and head circumference values of the infants were recorded on days 5, 10, 20 and 30. Amount of feeding was recorded before intervention, on day 15 after intervention and on day 30 after intervention. Discharge times of the infants were recorded according to groups.
RESULTS: A significant difference was found in height and weight of the preterm infants on days 20 and 30 when compared with the control group. Discharge time of the infants in the massage group was found to be 10 days shorter on average when compared with the control group. Significant difference was also found between day 15 and 30 in terms of amount of feeding.
CONCLUSION: Massage was found to have significant effects on physical growth parameters such as height, weight and head circumference. It was found that massage increased amount of feeding and weight intake in infants and decreased discharge time. In this case, hospital cost per infant may be reduced.