anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Lenalidomide, a thalidomide analogue, is an immunomodulatory agent with antiangiogenic and antineoplastic properties. The chemical name is 3-(4-amino-1-oxo 1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl) piperidine-2,6-dione and it has the following chemical structure:

3-(4-amino-1-oxo 1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl) piperidine-2,6-dione

The empirical formula for lenalidomide is C13H13N3O3, and with relative molecular mass 259.26 a.m.u.

Lenalidomide is an off-white to pale-yellow solid powder. It is freely soluble in dimethyl formamide and practically insoluble in water, diethyl ether, ethanol and buffered aqueous solvents. Solubility was significantly lower in buffers, ranging from 1.2 to 6.8 as 0.01g in 100 mL. Lenalidomide has an asymmetric carbon atom and can exist as the optically active forms S(-) and R(+), and is produced as a racemic mixture with a net optical rotation of zero.

Lenalidomide is available in 2.5 mg capsules for oral administration. Each capsule contains lenalidomide as the active ingredient and the following inactive ingredients: lactose anhydrous, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, and microcrystalline cellulose. The 2.5 mg capsule shell contains FD&C Blue # 2, gelatin, titanium dioxide, and yellow iron oxide. The imprinting ink of 2.5 mg contains black iron oxide, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol, shellac, and strong ammonia solution.
Veterans with PTSD are a highly vulnerable population with tremendous disability and unmet needs. Few VA patients with PTSD now actually receive evidence-based psychotherapy because current exposure-based treatments have low uptake. The project goal is to expand the range of PTSD psychotherapy treatments available at Veterans Administration Medical Centers. This pilot trauma recovery proposal takes the next step in translating a brief efficacious psychotherapy developed and tested for panic disorder, Panic Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PFPP) for Veterans with PTSD at the VA New York Harbor Healthcare System (VA NYHHCS). PFPP was developed, manualized, and studied in RCTs over the past two decades. We hope that Trauma-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (TFPP), an adaptation of PFPP, with its high response rates in panic disorder with/without agoraphobia, and non-exposure protocol, will fill crucial gaps in Veteran care. A major challenge facing psychotherapy research is translating and implementing efficacious therapies to the community. No psychodynamic psychotherapy for anxiety or PTSD has achieved this in the US. This pilot RCT represents a paradigm shift in its approach to trauma. TFPP will be the only PTSD treatment for Veterans to incorporate Veterans' input into refinement of the treatment as this project progresses. TFPP targets aspects of traumatic experience and approaches Veterans' lives more broadly than the symptom-focused treatments the VA currently offers our traumatized Veterans.
Vesicating chemicals like sulfur mustard (SM) or nitrogen mustard (NM) can cause devastating damage to the eyes, skin, and lungs. Eyes, being the most sensitive, have complicated pathologies that can manifest immediately after exposure (acute) and last for years (chronic). No FDA-approved drug is available to be used as medical counter measures (MCMs) against such injuries. Understanding the pathological mechanisms in acute and chronic response of the eye is essential for developing effective MCMs. Here, we report the clinical and histopathological characterization of a mouse model of NM-induced ocular surface injury (entire surface) developed by treating the eye with 2% (w/v) NM solution for 5 min. Unlike the existing models of specific injury, our model showed severe ocular inflammation, including the eyelids, structural deformity of the corneal epithelium and stroma, and diminished visual and retinal functions. We also observed alterations of the inflammatory markers and their expression at different phases of the injury, along with an activation of acidic sphingomyelinase (aSMase), causing an increase in bioactive sphingolipid ceramide and a reduction in sphingomyelin levels. This novel ocular surface mouse model recapitulated the injuries reported in human, rabbit, and murine SM or NM injury models. NM exposure of the entire ocular surface in mice, which is similar to accidental or deliberate exposure in humans, showed severe ocular inflammation and caused irreversible alterations to the corneal structure and significant vision loss. It also showed an intricate interplay between inflammatory markers over the injury period and alteration in sphingolipid homeostasis in the early acute phase.
Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic medical conditions that occur in children. More than two-thirds of these young patients struggle to maintain optimal glycemic control. On a seemingly unrelated front, insufficient sleep has become a public health crisis as less than 30% of youth achieve the recommended number of hours on school nights. Prior research has supported that sleep disturbances contribute to elevated glucose levels and have a significant impact on memory, attention, and planning. These skills are essential to effective diabetes management. Despite the link between sleep and diabetes, no research has examined the benefits of an intervention to help these youth achieve a healthy sleep duration. To that end, our primary objective is to determine the effect of sleep extension on glycemic control and psychosocial functioning. Our secondary objective is to determine mediators and moderators of effect. The central hypothesis is that an increase in sleep duration will lower glucose levels and improve behavioral ratings (internalizing, externalizing, and classroom behaviors). Our primary study aims are to (1) Test if lengthening sleep improves glycemic control and psychosocial function in youth with T1DM; (2) Assess putative mechanisms for the effects of sleep extension on glucose and psychosocial function; and (3) Examine the possible moderating effect of pre-existing sleep parameters and sociodemographic variables that modify the impact of sleep extension. A secondary aim is exploratory to examine additional pre-selected mediators and moderators. In the proposed randomized study, up to 175 youth with T1DM will be assigned to a Sleep Extension or a supportive routines condition. The Sleep Extension lengthens youth's time in bed to allow for a healthy sleep duration on a consistent basis, whereas the supportive routines condition reinforces daytime and nighttime activities. We will test the impact of sleep extension on key indices of glycemic control (average glucose levels and % time hyperglycemia using continuous glucose monitors and HbA1C) as well as putative mechanisms of effect (e.g., heart rate variability and salivary cortisol levels) and participant characteristics that might mitigate the benefits of sleep extension (e.g., sleep-disordered breathing, adherence, and SES). Once our aims are achieved and a causal link is established, the proposed Sleep Extension intervention will advance knowledge about the role of sleep in diabetes management and provide a beneficial intervention to help youth with T1DM.
PURPOSE: This study investigated discordance between echocardiography (echo) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) measurements of the left ventricle (LV) in pediatric patients with aortic and/or mitral regurgitation (AR/MR).
METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients. The cohorts were comprised of patients with AR/MR vs. non-AR/MR. Left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) by CMR and left ventricular internal diameter diastolic (LVIDd) by echo were obtained from clinical reports then echo images were reviewed to remeasure LVEDV by bullet method. Left ventricular internal diameter systolic (LVIDs) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measurements by echo and LVEF by CMR were obtained from clinical reports. Fractional shortening (FS%) was recalculated. Z-scores were calculated using normative data. Correlation between echo and CMR LV measurements was assessed using correlation coefficients. Bland-Altman plots assessed bias between imaging modalities. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed for detection of LV enlargement and LV dysfunction.
RESULTS: AR/MR patients had greater discrepancy in LV size interpretation by Z-score compared to non-AR/MR patients. This discrepancy persisted when the bullet method short axis measurements were incorporated. There was negative bias in echo-based measurements compared to CMR. The diagnostic performance of echo in identifying moderate LV enlargement was worse for AR/MR pediatrics patients.
CONCLUSION: The discordant interpretation of LV size by echo compared to CMR is worse in pediatric patients with AR/MR when compared to patients without AR/MR even when short axis measurements are incorporated. This finding suggests non-uniform geometrical changes in the LV as it enlarges due to AR/MR.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject medicine capable of treating a cancer and a multiple sclerosis, containing an aconitine as an active ingredient. SOLUTION: This medicine comprises aconitine or its stereoisomer as an active ingredient. Aconitine as a component of a crude medicine Aconiti tuber shows specifically suppressing action on synthesis of heat shock protein (called HSP27 family) having 16 to 40 kilodalton molecular weight in a cell of tissue exhibiting the state of a disease. Consequently, an autoimmune disease such a cancer related to the deterioration of the protein belong to SHP27 family or reduction in effect of thermotherapy can be treated by administration of aconitine. A daily dose is 1-100mg calculated as aconitine per adult and administered once to four times orally or parenterally. The medicine can be administered as a medicine or a functional food or a health food in the form of food and beverage. The medicine can suppress medicine resistance and enhance the effect of chemotherapy.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disease that is characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity and insulin production leading to impaired glucose tolerance. Overweight and low physical activity are the main risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. Increased physical activity has shown to improve insulin sensitivity, hence, exercise plays a significant role in the prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes. This study aims at investigating the acute and chronic effects of high-intensity low-volume training, that consists of brief bursts of very vigorous exercise separated by recovery periods, on metabolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes, people at high risk for the disease and healthy, lean individuals. Study participants take part in 30 min training session three times a week for a period of 12 weeks. Participants are studied on four occasions, prior to the intervention, after an acute bout of exercise as well as after 6 and 12 weeks of training in order to assess physical fitness, body composition, insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism in muscle, adipose tissue inflammation and neurological function. It is hypothesized that this type of exercise leads to significant improvements in insulin action and oxidative phosphorylation in muscle
Described herein are pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of sexual dysfunction in an individual. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition includes a prolactin variant having a glycine residue at position 129 substituted with an amino acid other than glycine. In one embodiment, the amino acid is arginine. In one embodiment, the prolactin variant further comprises an N-terminal deletion. In one embodiment, the prolactin variant is conjugated to a H(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OH molecule (e.g., n equals any number from 1 to 6). In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is delivered to the individual by a microneedle patch or an inhalable formulation.
The present invention relates to novel topical preparations for inhibiting tyrosine kinase and preparation methods thereof, in particular to novel topical compositions for inhibiting tyrosine kinase and preparation methods thereof. The active ingredient of the topical preparations provided by the invention is icotinib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The preparations are suitable for topical administration, with little skin irritation, and without hormone-like side effects of skin atrophy, pigmentation or hypopigmentation, etc. for long-term use. There are no adverse reactions of pruritus, burning sensation, tingling, dry skin, erythema and rash, and no related dermatological symptoms after withdrawal. The preparation methods are simple, easy to control, easy to industrialization and the like.
The standard tobacco quitline program is a proactive 5-call intervention grounded in social cognitive theory and the U.S. Public Health Service clinical practices guidelines for treating tobacco use and dependence. All enrollees in the study are eligible for 2-8 weeks of nicotine replacement therapy (depending on their standard quitline benefit offering), if they medically qualify and/or return a medical override letter from their doctor.
Eligible patients will receive vemurafenib at a dose of 240 mg orally twice daily (b.i.d.) continuously for 8 weeks. Rituximab 375 mg/m2 will be administered every 2 weeks for a total of 16 weeks. The entire duration of treatment will be 16 weeks.
Morpholino-substituted pyridopyrimidine, quinolone, and benzopyranone derivatives inhibit phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase, an enzyme that regulates platelet-adhesion processes. As a consequence, the compounds in question have anti-thrombotic activity, as well as other pharmaceutical properties. The compounds claimed are represented by formula (I), (II) and (III). PI 3-kinase generates 3-phosphorylated PI second messengers which stimulate platelet adhesion under blood-flow conditions. Because platelet adhesion is a necessary step in the formation of a thrombus, inhibition by these compounds of PI 3-kinase under such conditions inhibits or prevents thrombus formation. The compounds are useful in treating PI 3-kinase-dependent conditions including cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery occlusion, stroke, acute coronary syndrome, acute myocardial infarction, vascular restenosis, atherosclerosis, and unstable angina; respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and bronchitis; inflammatory disorders; neoplasms including cancers such as glioma, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer, and breast cancer, and diseases linked to disordered white blood cell function, such as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
BACKGROUND: Endometriosis, defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterus, is one of the most prevalent gynecological disorders. Although different theories have been proposed, its pathogenesis is not clear. Novel studies indicate that the gut microbiome may be involved in the etiology of endometriosis; nevertheless, the connection between microbes, their dysbiosis, and the development of endometriosis is understudied. This case-control study analyzed the gut microbiome in women with and without endometriosis to identify microbial targets involved in the disease.
METHODS: A subsample of 1000 women from the Estonian Microbiome cohort, including 136 women with endometriosis and 864 control women, was analyzed. Microbial composition was determined by shotgun metagenomics and microbial functional pathways were annotated using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) algorithm was performed to cluster the microbial profile of the Estonian population. The alpha- and beta-diversity and differential abundance analyses were performed to assess the gut microbiome (species and KEGG orthologies (KO)) in both groups. Metagenomic reads were mapped to estrobolome-related enzymes' sequences to study potential microbiome-estrogen metabolism axis alterations in endometriosis.
RESULTS: Diversity analyses did not detect significant differences between women with and without endometriosis (alpha-diversity: all p-values > 0.05; beta-diversity: PERMANOVA, both R 2 < 0.0007, p-values > 0.05). No differential species or pathways were detected after multiple testing adjustment (all FDR p-values > 0.05). Sensitivity analysis excluding women at menopause (> 50 years) confirmed our results. Estrobolome-associated enzymes' sequence reads were not significantly different between groups (all FDR p-values > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not provide enough evidence to support the existence of a gut microbiome-dependent mechanism directly implicated in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest metagenome study on endometriosis conducted to date.
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules that are released from host cells as a result of cell death or damage. The release of DAMPs in tissues is associated with loss of tissue homeostasis. Sensing of DAMPs by innate immune receptors triggers inflammation, which can be beneficial in initiating the processes that restore tissue homeostasis but can also drive inflammatory diseases. In recent years, the sensing of intracellular DAMPs has received extensive attention in the field of sterile inflammation. However, emerging studies have shown that DAMPs that originate from neighbouring cells, and even from distal tissues or organs, also mediate sterile inflammatory responses. This multi-level sensing of DAMPs is crucial for intercellular, trans-tissue and trans-organ communication. Here, we summarize how DAMP-sensing receptors detect DAMPs from intracellular, intercellular or distal tissue and organ sources to mediate sterile inflammation. We also discuss the possibility of targeting DAMPs or their corresponding receptors to treat inflammatory diseases.
The invention discloses a hepatitis B granules for clearing away heat and toxic material and a preparation method thereof. The hepatitis B granules for clearing away heat and toxic material are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of giant knotweed, 10-20 parts of oldenlandia, 5-15 parts of Asiatic Moonseed Rhizome, 10-20 parts of bistort, 10-20 parts of oriental wormwood, 20-40 parts of cogongrass rhizome, 10-20 parts of madder, 5-15 parts of epimedium, 5-15 parts of licorice root, 10-20 parts of glabrous greenbrier rhizome, 10-20 parts of silkworm excrement, 10-20 parts of wild chrysanthemum flower and 5-15 parts of red tangerine peel. The hepatitis B granules for clearing away heat and toxic material have the effects of removing heat from the liver, benefiting the gallbladder, clearing away the toxic material and expelling plague. The granules are used for treating the early stage or active stage of acute and chronic viral hepatitis B caused by dampness-heat of the liver and gallbladder or treating hepatitis B virus carriers. In the preparation process, oil-soluble and water-soluble components in the medicinal materials are sufficiently extracted, thereby enhancing the bioavailability of the medicinal materials. The added preservative and sugar alcohol ensure the stable quality of medicines. The sugar alcohol can improve the mouthfeel. The granules have the advantages of simple usage and controllable quality.
It is clear that a large proportion of individuals regain weight following dietary weight loss interventions most likely because of homeostatic and non-homeostatic factors favouring a return to initial energy status. However, studies performed to date have documented these effects in the context of interventions favouring both energy restriction and CDR. Thus, the difference between a state of energy restriction alone and a state of energy restriction combined to CDR on factors regulating energy balance is not known. In order to study this important question appropriately, we need to create a condition of energy restriction without increasing CDR, which can only be achieved with a satiating diet (i.e. well-balanced low energy density diet). This is easier to create in the context of a controlled intervention in which all foods and drinks are provided. We propose to create, in a controlled context, an energy restriction for which subjects will be blinded i.e. they will consume less energy than their energy needs without knowing that they are restrained. Such a design will permit to document for the first time the independent effects of CDR in the context of a reduced calorie diet on factors associated with the regulation of energy balance. The proposed study will also allow exploring the impact of increasing CDR on women's attitude toward their children's eating behaviours. Taken all together, results arising from the proposed study will better position the relevance of developing weight loss approaches not focusing on CDR to favour healthy weight management for women and their family. Data will be collected before and after the 4-week intervention, as well as 3 months after the end of the intervention. In order to appropriately test our hypotheses, we cannot state the real purpose of the study in the informed consent form and women will be told that it is a study about the impact of diet on blood pressure. However, at the end of the study, women will be debriefed and will sign a second informed consent form in which the true purpose of the study will be explained.
A method and compositions for the antimicrobial treatment of dental root canals are disclosed. Benefits are achieved by combining calcium hydroxide with iodine-potassium iodide, chlorhexidine or mixtures of these. The antibacterial effect of iodine-potassium iodide and/or chlorhexidine in compositions with calcium hydroxide has been shown to be an advantage in the treatment of dental root canal infections either in primary or retreatment cases. The compositions according to the invention may be applied at the site of treatment in suitable, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, in the form of solutions, pastes or gels. They may also be included in a matrix of guttapercha or a corresponding material, as used e.g. for the medication of a root canal in the course of endodontic treatment.
Forty-one participants with a primary diagnosis of major depression using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) and scores \> 24 on the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician Rated (IDS-C; Rush et al., 1986) were enrolled into a treatment study at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, Illinois. This group will receive Behavioral Activation psychotherapy.
Cancer cells use multiple mechanisms to evade the effects of glutamine metabolism inhibitors. The pathways that govern responses to alterations in glutamine availability within the tumor may represent therapeutic targets for combinatorial strategies with these inhibitors. Here, we showed that targeting glutamine utilization stimulated Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling in cancer cells by reducing cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of large tumor suppressor (LATS). Elevated YAP activation induced extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition by increasing the secretion of connective tissue growth factor that promoted the production of fibronectin and collagen by surrounding fibroblasts. Consequently, inhibiting YAP synergized with inhibition of glutamine utilization to effectively suppress tumor growth in vivo, along with a concurrent decrease in ECM deposition. Blocking ECM remodeling also augmented the tumor suppressive effects of the glutamine utilization inhibitor. Collectively, these data reveal mechanisms by which targeting glutamine utilization increases ECM accumulation and identify potential strategies to reduce ECM levels and increase the efficacy of glutamine metabolism inhibitors. Significance: Blocking glutamine utilization activates YAP to promote ECM deposition by fibroblasts, highlighting the potential of YAP inhibitors and antifibrotic strategies as promising approaches for effective combination metabolic therapies in cancer.