Treating patients with missing teeth using dental implants is now a common and reliable approach in modern dentistry. Significant improvement has been made in implant shape design, implant surface optimization and surgical techniques to ensure predictable bonding between the titanium implants and bone (osseointegration). Modern implants are designed to be stable both immediately after placement (primary stability) and over time as they bond with the bone (secondary stability). Factors such as the quality and quantity of the patients' bone, the design of the implant, and the surgical technique used can all affect primary stability. The implant's secondary stability is affected by many of these same factors but has also been demonstrated to be influenced by other patient-related factors, including wound site blood supply, as well as the surface of the implants. Various surface treatments, like titanium plasma spraying, acid etching, hydroxyapatite coating, and sandblasting, have been developed to improve this bond (secondary stability). For instance, porous coatings can help by allowing the bone to grow into the implant, while hydroxyapatite coatings are biocompatible and encourage bone formation. Research has shown that different surface treatments can lead to different cellular responses, affecting how bone cells (osteoblasts) behave and develop around the implant.

In clinical practice, several methods are used to measure how stable an implant is immediately after placement, known as primary stability. These methods include measuring the insertion torque and using resonance frequency analysis (RFA). To assess secondary stability, or osseointegration, which refers to the long-term bonding of the implant to the bone, various techniques are used. These include RFA, mechanical disruption testing, and histomorphometric analysis. Additionally, changes in the bone level around the implant are commonly observed through X-rays as a non-invasive way to monitor the long-term success of dental implants. Human histological evidence of successfully osseointegrated implants is extremely rare in the literature because there are few opportunities to retrieve implants in humans.

Hiossen is a leading and rapidly growing implant manufacturer, with its systems used in over 70 countries. Recently, the company launched a new implant system called EK III NH. This system features a sand-blasted and acid-etched (SA) surface with a nano-hydroxyapatite (NH) coating. This special surface allows for faster bone healing and reduces the time before the implant can be loaded compared to other types of implant surfaces. The company's internal studies have shown that this surface treatment creates a very thin coating layer on the implant that is hydrophilic, meaning it attracts water, which improves the bonding process with 30% higher osseointegration than conventional SA surfaces. In addition, the new EK III NH system includes design improvements compared to the current ET SA implant system by the same company. New features include a buttress thread, 0.9 mm pitch, reverse helical cutting edge, and an improved internal hex connection, making the system easier to achieve good mechanical bonding immediately (primary stability) and easier to restore.

The investigators propose conducting a short-term clinical study to examine how well the bone around the EK III NH implants is maintained when they are immediately restored with a temporary crown. This study aims to assess the benefits of using the EK III NH implants in dental treatments.