anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
McArdle disease (Glycogen storage disease type V, GSDV) is an inherited metabolic disorder of skeletal muscle. Affected patients are unable to perform strenuous exercise due to a congenital absence of the enzyme muscle glycogen phosphorylase, essential for glycogen metabolism. This enzyme deficiency results in the inability to mobilise muscle glycogen stores from muscle, required for energy during strenuous exercise. In affected people symptoms of fatigue and cramps occur within minutes of initiating any activity and during strenuous activity such as lifting heavy weights or walking uphill, if activity is continued despite severe cramping, a contracture occurs which leads to muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis), myoglobinuria (dark brown/black discolouration of urine) and, when severe, acute renal failure.

Currently no satisfactory treatment can be recommended other than aerobic exercise. Although most people with McArdle disease have complete absence of skeletal muscle phosphorylase, there are a small minority of patients who possess splice site mutations that enable production of very small amounts (1-2%) of functional enzyme. These people have a milder phenotype with less severe symptoms, and functional exercise assessments have shown better exercise capacity than typical patients with the condition. Findings from these atypical individuals suggest potential therapeutic agents might only need to produce very small amounts of enzyme for significant functional improvement. Furthermore, finding a therapeutic agent to 'switch on' expression of the foetal isoenzyme may be a potential therapeutic strategy. There is some evidence from animal studies to suggest that sodium valproate can 'switch on' the foetal phosphorylase isoenzyme. The current proposes to undertake a feasibility study of 8 participants recruited in the UK and 7 in Denmark.
AIM: The anaesthetic success rate of an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in mandibular molars with irreversible symptomatic pulpitis can be low, and postoperative pain control in teeth with this diagnosis can be challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of preemptive use of dexamethasone and oral potassium diclofenac on the success of IANB. The influence of these drugs on the intensity of postoperative pain was assessed as a secondary outcome.
METHODOLOGY: Eighty-four patients with mandibular molars diagnosed with irreversible symptomatic pulpitis recorded preoperative pain intensity using a cold thermal test and a modified Numerical Rating Scale (mNRS). Sixty minutes before the anaesthetic procedure, patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups based on the medication they received: dexamethasone (4 mg), diclofenac potassium (50 mg), or placebo. All patients received IANB with 4% articaine (1:200 000 epinephrine), and 15 min later, they were evaluated for pain intensity using the cold thermal test. Anaesthetic success was analysed. The pain intensity was then recorded, and endodontic treatment and provisional restoration of the tooth were executed in a single session. Patients were monitored for 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h using the mNRS to assess the intensity of postoperative pain.
RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in anaesthetic success when 4 mg dexamethasone (39.3%) or 50 mg diclofenac potassium (21.4%) was used compared to the placebo group (3.6%) (p < .001), with no significant difference between the two drugs. Regarding postoperative pain, dexamethasone was superior to placebo at 6 h (p < .001), with diclofenac having an intermediate behaviour, not differing between dexamethasone and placebo (p > .05). There was no significant difference amongst the groups at 12 h (p > .05). At 24, 48 and 72 h, the effectiveness of dexamethasone and diclofenac were comparable, and both were superior to placebo (p < .001).
CONCLUSION: The use of dexamethasone or diclofenac potassium was favourable in terms of increasing the success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block in cases of mandibular molars with irreversible symptomatic pulpitis and decreased the occurrence of postoperative pain when compared to the use of a placebo.
Subjects were administered with those investigational products at approximately 8-h intervals, starting in the morning (approximately at 8h00) of Day 1 and finishing in the morning of Day 5 (last dose). On Day 4, concomitantly with the BIA 6-512 50 mg morning dose, one tablet of Madopar® 250 was administered. On Day 5, concomitantly with the BIA 6-512 50 mg morning dose, one tablet of Madopar® 250 and one tablet of Comtan® were administered.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide, and cause a huge number of cancer-associated mortality. CRC screening has been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of, and mortality from, CRC. There are several recommended screening options for screening population of CRC, including colonoscopy and fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) .Colonoscopy has higher sensitivity and specificity than FOBT for detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia but also has several disadvantages, including higher cost and poorer compliance. Therefore, many patients prefer FOBT to colonoscopy. FOBT includes guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) and fecal immunochemical test (FIT). FIT includes quantitative FIT (qFIT) and qualitative FIT. qFIT can provide a value of concentration of hemoglobin in stool and are increasingly recommended for CRC. In China, the most common use FOBT is qualitative FIT and the comparison of quantitative and qualitative FIT is lack in screening population of CRC in Chinese. To add to the evidence on FIT performance characteristics for detection of CRC, the investigators design this research to compare qFIT with other 3 qualitative FOBT（two of them are colloidal gold qualitative FITs and one of them is chemical and immunologic combined detection）in medium and high risk screening population.
Splenomegaly is the clinical hallmark of myelofibrosis. Splenomegaly at the time of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is associated with graft failure and poor graft function. Strategies to reduce spleen size before HCT especially after failure to Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition represent unmet clinical needs in the field. Here, we leveraged a global collaboration to investigate the safety and efficacy of splenic irradiation as part of the HCT platform for patients with myelofibrosis. We included 59 patients, receiving irradiation within a median of 2 weeks (range, 0.9-12 weeks) before HCT. Overall, the median spleen size prior to irradiation was 23 cm (range, 14-35). Splenic irradiation resulted in a significant and rapid spleen size reduction in 97% of patients (57/59), with a median decrease of 5.0 cm (95% confidence interval, 4.1-6.3 cm). The most frequent adverse event was thrombocytopenia, with no correlation between irradiation dose and hematological toxicities. The 3-year overall survival was 62% (95% CI, 48%-76%) and 1-year non-relapse mortality was 26% (95% CI, 14%-38%). Independent predictors for survival were severe thrombocytopenia and anemia before irradiation, transplant-specific risk score, higher-intensity conditioning, and present portal vein thrombosis. When using a propensity score matching adjusted for common confounders, splenic irradiation was associated with significantly reduced relapse (p = .01), showing a 3-year incidence of 12% for splenic irradiation versus 29% for patients with immediate HCT and 38% for patients receiving splenectomy. In conclusion, splenic irradiation immediately before HCT is a reasonable approach in patients experiencing JAK inhibition failure and is associated with a low incidence of relapse.
This non-interventional study collects data from clinical practice capturing on effectiveness, safety and tolerability, duration of therapy, and quality of life of ribociclib in combination with an aromatase inhibitor/fulvestrant in daily routine and in line with the respective current German summary of product characteristics. In order to put these results into perspective, data is also collected on patients treated with endocrine therapy or chemotherapy for first line locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. To gain insight into algorithms and outcome of sequential therapy, up to three lines of treatment are documented within this study. The information gathered and evaluated in this NIS is helping to answer open questions for the treatment of locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer and provides first insights into the treatment reality with ribociclib in this setting. This includes, but is not limited to, the questions on baseline demographics leading to a specific treatment decision, as well as efficacy and clinical routine related to treatment sequencing. In addition, data on the mutation status (including PIK3CA and BRCA1/2) is collected at different time points to generate insights into the clinical routine of mutation testing and to understand its impact on therapy sequencing.
The present invention relates to a medicinal granule for treating asthma, which is a powder Chinese patent medicine prepared by mixing animal and plant medicines. Ephedrae, sichuan fritillary bulb, white mustard seed, schisandra fruit, rdish seed, perilla seed, semen lepidii, flos farfarae, inula flower and small animal testis are aired, measured, pulverized and put in a fresh bamboo cylinder according to a formula. The opening of the bamboo cylinder is sealed, and the bamboo cylinder is baked. The medicines in the cylinder are taken out and pulverized into powder, and the medicinal granule is prepared. The traditional Chinese medicine has unique therapeutic effect on all kinds of asthma, such as bronchus inflammation and asthma. The effective rate can reach more than 95%, and asthma can be generally treated.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the main causes of healthcare-associated infection in Europe that increases patient morbidity and mortality. Multi-resistant pathogens are a major public health issue in burn centers. Mortality increases when the initial antibiotic treatment is inappropriate, especially if the patient is infected with P. aeruginosa strains that are resistant to many antibiotics. Phage therapy is an emerging option to treat severe P. aeruginosa infections. It involves using natural viruses called bacteriophages, which have the ability to infect, replicate, and, theoretically, destroy the P. aeruginosa population in an infected patient. We report here the case of a severely burned patient who experienced relapsing ventilator-associated pneumonia associated with skin graft infection and bacteremia due to extensively drug-resistant P. aeruginosa. The patient was successfully treated with personalized nebulized and intravenous phage therapy in combination with immunostimulation (interferon-γ) and last-resort antimicrobial therapy (imipenem-relebactam).
The process comprises thermal decomposition of the diterbutylic ester of formula (II) in solvent such as xylene at 50-150 deg.C. The reaction is completed in anhydrous medium and requires the presence of acid such as benzenosulphonic acid acting as a catalyst. - The mixt. is then poured onto water, the organic soln. of the prod. is washed, and distn. gives acid of formula (I) which can be converted into sodium or potassium salt.
The present invention discloses Fuke Qianjin Capsules and a quality control method therefor. The capsules are made of Radix Et Caulis Flemingiae, Caulis Mahoniae, Herba Andrographis, Zanthoxylum dissitum Hemsl., Caulis Spatholobi, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Codonopsis, and Radix Rosa Laevigata as raw materials. Each of the Fuke Qianjin Capsules contains not less than 2.0 mg of Z-ligustilide, and a total amount of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide is not less than 1.9 mg. A new standard for controlling quality of the Fuke Qianjin Capsules has been established through an analysis of chemical ingredients in the Fuke Qianjin Capsules. This standard adds a variety of core ingredient content to the existing pharmacopoeia standards. According to the Fuke Qianjin Capsules made in this range, the consistency of effects between different batches is more stable. Moreover, the more the types of core ingredients are limited, the more stable the consistency of the drug effect.
A method of selecting variants of a reference immunogen for preparing an immunogenic composition (vaccine). The reference immunogen is a wild-type immunogen. A language model is used to evaluate data from a plurality of variants and the reference immunogen. A characteristic vector derived from an output feature map of a hidden layer of the language model is extracted. Dimension reduction is performed on each vector to generate a plurality of points in a lower dimensional space, each point associated with a different variant. Clusters of variants are identified. For each cluster a measure of distance to the reference immunogen is generated. A score is generated for each variant in the cluster based partly on the generated distance for that cluster. A variant of the reference immunogen is selected, based partly on the generated scores. The score can be based on a generated epitope score. An ensemble of language models can be used. The data can represent a protein sequence of the variant. The language model can be a recurrent neural network or a transformer-based language model. The measure of distance can be L1 distances. Further aspects are immunogenic compositions and a method of performing trend analysis using the above method.
Amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide was studied in a double-blind, active controlled study in hypertensive patients. A total of 2271 patients with moderate to severe hypertension (mean baseline systolic/diastolic blood pressure was 170/107 mmHg) received treatments of amlodipine/valsartan/HCTZ 10/320/25 mg, valsartan/HCTZ 320/25 mg, amlodipine/ valsartan 10/320 mg, or HCTZ/amlodipine 25/10 mg. At study initiation, patients assigned to the 2-component arms received lower doses of their treatment combination while patients assigned to the amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide arm received 160/12.5 mg valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide. After 1 week, amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide patients were titrated to 5/160/12.5 mg amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide, while all other patients continued receiving their initial doses. After 2 weeks, all patients were titrated to their full treatment dose. A total of 55% of patients were male, 14% were 65 years or older, 72% were Caucasian, and 17% were black.

At Week 8, the triple combination therapy produced greater reductions in blood pressure than each of the 3 dual combination treatments (p < 0.0001 for both diastolic and systolic blood pressures reductions). The reductions in systolic/ diastolic blood pressure with amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide were 7.6/5.0 mmHg greater than with valsartan/ HCTZ, 6.2/3.3 mmHg greater than with amlodipine/valsartan, and 8.2/5.3 mmHg greater than with amlodipine/HCTZ (see Figure 1). The full blood pressure lowering effect was achieved 2 weeks after being on the maximal dose of amlodipine/ valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (see Figure 2 and Figure 3). As the pivotal study was an active-controlled trial, the treatment effects shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3 include a placebo effect of unknown size.

A subgroup of 283 patients was studied with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The blood pressure lowering effect in the triple therapy group was maintained throughout the 24-hour period (see Figure 4 and Figure 5).

There are no trials of the amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination tablet demonstrating reductions in cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension, but both the amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide components and several ARBs, which are the same pharmacological class as the valsartan component, have demonstrated such benefits.
The effectiveness and safety of VOQUEZNA was evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, four-week efficacy trial with a 20-week safety extension conducted in the United States in 772 adult patients with a diagnosis of symptomatic non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (NCT05195528). Patients who identified heartburn as their primary symptom, had a history of heartburn for six months or longer, had heartburn on at least four of seven days immediately prior to randomization, were negative for H. pylori infection, and had no esophageal erosions as confirmed by endoscopy were enrolled. Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to one of the following treatment groups in the 4-week placebo-controlled phase: VOQUEZNA 10 mg once daily, a higher dosage of VOQUEZNA, or placebo once daily. The higher VOQUEZNA dose group did not demonstrate additional treatment benefit compared to VOQUEZNA 10 mg once daily through Week 4. Patients in the trial had a mean age of 51 years (range 18 to 83 years), 68% were female, 32% identified as Hispanic or Latino, 75% identified as White, 16% as Black or African American, 6% as Asian, and 3% identified as another racial group.

The primary endpoint was the percentage of 24-hour heartburn-free days, as assessed by daily diary over 4 weeks, as shown in Table 17. 

The difference in the percentage of patients who were heartburn-free during the 24-hour period on Day 2 of treatment was similar to the difference in 24-hour heartburn-free days through Week 4 in patients treated with VOQUEZNA 10 mg once daily compared to patients treated with placebo.
Respiratory illness and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the primary health sequelae of the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster on September 11th 2001 and are often comorbid. Cigarette smoking is a modifiable health behavior associated with both lower respiratory symptoms (LRS) and PTSD. Smoking cessation programs are considered the crucial front-line intervention for smokers with pulmonary problems. Unfortunately, trauma exposed smokers with elevated PTSD symptoms have greater difficulty quitting, are more likely to fail standard cessation programs, and are more likely to relapse than smokers with other anxiety disorders and those without mental illness. Interventions that concurrently target mechanisms thought to maintain the comorbidity between PTSD and LRS (e.g., anxious reactivity to nicotine withdrawal, smoking to reduce negative affect) may offer a means of improving smoking quit rates in trauma exposed populations. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a combined CBT smoking cessation treatment enhanced with transdiagnostic skills for the management of anxiety and fear-based avoidance behaviors (CBT-A). The investigators randomized 90 WTC disaster exposed daily smokers with elevated PTSD symptoms to either CBT-A (N=44) or a standard CBT-based smoking cessation program (CBT-S; N=46). Participants were followed up to six months post-treatment.
The most important dose-limiting factor of the anthracycline idarubicin is the high risk of cardiotoxicity, in which the secondary alcohol metabolite idarubicinol plays an important role. It is not yet clear which enzymes are most important for the formation of idarubicinol and which inhibitors might be suitable to suppress this metabolic step and thus would be promising concomitant drugs to reduce idarubicin-associated cardiotoxicity. We, therefore, established and validated a mass spectrometry method for intracellular quantification of idarubicin and idarubicinol and investigated idarubicinol formation in different cell lines and its inhibition by known inhibitors of the aldo-keto reductases AKR1A1, AKR1B1, and AKR1C3 and the carbonyl reductases CBR1/3. The enzyme expression pattern differed among the cell lines with dominant expression of CBR1/3 in HEK293 and MCF-7 and very high expression of AKR1C3 in HepG2 cells. In HEK293 and MCF-7 cells, menadione was the most potent inhibitor (IC50 = 1.6 and 9.8 µM), while in HepG2 cells, ranirestat was most potent (IC50 = 0.4 µM), suggesting that ranirestat is not a selective AKR1B1 inhibitor, but also an AKR1C3 inhibitor. Over-expression of AKR1C3 verified the importance of AKR1C3 for idarubicinol formation and showed that ranirestat is also a potent inhibitor of this enzyme. Taken together, our study underlines the importance of AKR1C3 and CBR1 for the reduction of idarubicin and identifies potent inhibitors of metabolic formation of the cardiotoxic idarubicinol, which should now be tested in vivo to evaluate whether such combinations can increase the cardiac safety of idarubicin therapies while preserving its efficacy.
Children in Group 2 had totally normal tympanic membranes and type A tympanograms. They had no hearing loss, Eustachian tube dysfunction, or any other ear-related problem, and were included in the study as healthy controls. Excluded from the study were patients presenting with acute otitis media, tympanosclerotic plaques, mental retardation, and children who were difficult to cooperate with. All subjects were examined by 4 mm 0-degree Storz endoscope and light source. The Adobe Photoshop Elements 7.0 program was used for RGB measurements.
Two human pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were conducted in subjects with minimally to moderately thick actinic keratoses on the upper extremities, having at least 6 lesions on one upper extremity and at least 12 lesions on the other upper extremity. A single dose comprising of two topical applications of LEVULAN KERASTICK topical solution (each containing 354 mg ALA HCl) were directly applied to the lesions and occluded for 3 hours prior to light treatment.

The first PK study was conducted in 29 subjects and PK parameters of ALA were assessed. The baseline-corrected mean ± SD of the maximum concentration (C max) of ALA was 249.9 ± 694.5 ng/mL and the median time to reach C max(T max) was 2 hr post dose. The mean ± SD exposure to ALA, as expressed by area under the concentration time curve (AUC t) was 669.9 ± 1610 ng∙hr/mL. The mean ± SD elimination half-life (T 1/2) of ALA was 5.7 ± 3.9 hr. 

A second PK study was conducted in 14 subjects and PK parameters of ALA and PpIX were measured. The baseline-corrected PpIX concentrations were negative in at least 50% of samples in 50% (7/14) subjects and AUC could not be estimated reliably. The baseline-corrected mean ± SD of C maxfor ALA and PpIX was 95.6 ± 120.6 ng/mL and 0.95 ± 0.71 ng/mL, respectively. The median T maxof ALA and PpIX was 2 hr post dose and 12 hr post dose, respectively. The mean AUC tof ALA was 261.1 ± 229.3 ng∙hr/mL. The mean ± SD T 1/2of ALA was 8.5 ± 6.7 hr.
The care of migrant patients includes initial screening and lifelong monitoring, highlighting the importance of preventing and tracking chronic, communicable and non-communicable diseases. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity varies by ethnicity, influenced by genetic factors, lifestyle, and socio-economic status. Preventive measures, health promotion, and risk factor identification are crucial. Chronic communicable diseases may manifest years after transmission, underscoring the necessity of primary care screening, especially for populations from endemic or high-risk areas. Imported skin lesions are a common reason for consultation among migrant and traveller patients. Their ethiology is varied, ranging from common conditions such as scabies, mycoses, and urticaria to tropical dermatoses like filariasis and leprosy.