anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a common surgical procedure for addressing cervical spine conditions. It involves the utilization of either cage plate system (CPS) or stand-alone cage (SC). The objective of our study is to compare perioperative complications, patient-reported clinical outcomes measures, and radiographic outcomes of SC versus CPS in ACDF.
METHODS: We carried out a literature search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of science, Medline, and Google Scholar. All studies comparing the outcomes between CPS versus SC in ACDF were included.
RESULTS: Forty-one studies, 33 observational and 8 randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. We found that both devices demonstrated comparable effectiveness in monosegmental ACDF with respect to Japanese Orthopedic Association Score, Neck Disability Index score, visual analog score, and fusion rates. CPS demonstrated superior performance in maintaining disc height, cervical lordosis, and exhibited lower incidence rates of cage subsidence. SC showed significant advantages over CPS in terms of shorter surgical duration, less intraoperative bleeding, shorter duration of hospitalization, as well as lower incidence rates of early postoperative dysphagia and adjacent segment disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Most of the included studies had monosegmented fusion, and there wasn't enough data to set recommendations for the multisegmented fusions. Larger studies with longer follow-up are necessary to draw more definitive conclusions to provide evidence for clinicians to make clinical decisions.
BACKGROUND: Trauma outcome prediction models have traditionally relied upon patient injury and physiologic data (eg, Trauma and Injury Severity Score [TRISS]) without accounting for comorbidities. We sought to prospectively evaluate the role of the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS) score and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk-Calculator (NSQIP-SRC), which are measurements of comorbidities, in the prediction of trauma outcomes, hypothesizing that they will improve the predictive ability for mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), and complications compared to TRISS alone in trauma patients undergoing surgery within 24 hours.
METHODS: A prospective, observational multicenter study (9/2018-2/2020) of trauma patients ≥18 years undergoing operation within 24 hours of admission was performed. Multiple logistic regression was used to create models predicting mortality utilizing the variables within TRISS, ASA-PS, and NSQIP-SRC, respectively. Linear regression was used to create models predicting LOS and negative binomial regression to create models predicting complications.
RESULTS: From 4 level I trauma centers, 1213 patients were included. The Brier Score for each model predicting mortality was found to improve accuracy in the following order: 0.0370 for ASA-PS, 0.0355 for NSQIP-SRC, 0.0301 for TRISS, 0.0291 for TRISS+ASA-PS, and 0.0234 for TRISS+NSQIP-SRC. However, when comparing TRISS alone to TRISS+ASA-PS ( P = .082) and TRISS+NSQIP-SRC ( P = .394), there was no significant improvement in mortality prediction. NSQIP-SRC more accurately predicted both LOS and complications compared to TRISS and ASA-PS.
CONCLUSIONS: TRISS predicts mortality better than ASA-PS and NSQIP-SRC in trauma patients undergoing surgery within 24 hours. The TRISS mortality predictive ability is not improved when combined with ASA-PS or NSQIP-SRC. However, NSQIP-SRC was the most accurate predictor of LOS and complications.
The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating varicosity, an external traditional Chinese medicine bag, and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the field of Chinese herbal medicines. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is mainly prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight: 16-26 parts of shinyleaf yellowhorn, 16-26 parts of mirabilis jalapa, 8-13 parts of gymnadenia conopsea and 8-13 parts of sophora flavescens. The active ingredients in the medicinal materials supplement each other, and the medicinal materials have the effects of promoting qi and blood circulation and carrying out voxel fine sublimation and superposition through reasonable compatibility of the raw material medicines. The traditional Chinese medicine composition has good water solubility, no stimulation to skin and affected parts, no color residue, no toxic or side effect, and good effect of treating varicosity, the effective rate can reach more than 85% after 3 treatment courses, and the recovery rate can reach more than 80%. The external traditional Chinese medicine bag for treating varicosity has the same effect as the traditional Chinese medicine composition. The preparation method of the external traditional Chinese medicine bag is simple to operate, short in time consumption and low in cost, and facilitates later-stage batch production.
FIELD: medicine, oncology. SUBSTANCE: method involves the use of N-methyl-6-pyridone-3-carboxamide (6-pyridone) as medicinal preparation that shows capability to recovery tryptophane metabolism by kinurenine metabolic way. Preparation is dosed at the range from 0.25 to 50 mg/kg, 1 hr before eating, 3 times per a day for 1.5-2.5 months depending on the age. Preparation is synthesized by chemistry method. Early 6-pyridone has not been used as antileukosis agent. EFFECT: stable remission, recovery of immune system.
PURPOSE: To obtain a liquid hair setting agent composition containing liquid lanolins, a hydrocarbon-based solvent and a liquid nonionic surfactant under specific conditions, having excellent hair setting force and dried feeling of use and capable of suppressing gray hair in a quiet way. CONSTITUTION: This composition contains 10-50wt.% of liquid lanolin or its liquid derivative as an oily material, 5-15wt.% of a nonionic surfactant being liquid at ordinary temperature and having 9-13 HLB (e.g. an polyoxyethylene alkyl ether) and 40-80wt.% of a hydrocarbon-based solvent (e.g. liquid paraffin) as a solvent as active ingredients. The liquid lanolin is used for setting hair and providing gloss to hair and increasing reflecting amount of light and suppressing gray hair in a quiet way. Since the hair-setting agent composition is transparent and liquid, it can be used in same way as hair liquid and has similar feeling of use as the hair liquid and can readily be washed off with water.
PURPOSE:To obtain the subject new peptide useful as a therapeutic agent for hypertension, renal failure, acute myocardial infarction, myocardial infarction, arteriosclerosis, etc., showing strong antagonism against endothelin through ETB receptor, comprising a cyclic pentapeptide having a specific amino acid. CONSTITUTION:By solid-phase synthesis of peptide, a chloromethyl resin, etc., is used as a carrier and the carrier is successively subjected to covalent bond with a protected amino acid from the C end according to amino acid sequence of peptide to synthesize a protected peptide. An N-end protecting group and the carrier are removed by a mild action of acid while leaving a protecting group at side chain to give a linear peptide. Then, the linear peptide is treated with a condensation agent, subjected to ring formation and elimination of the protecting group at side chain, alkoxylation of indole ring of tryptophan, etc., are carried out to give the objective cyclic pentapeptide of the formula (X<1> is D-Trp, etc.; X<1> is D-Asp, etc.; X<3> is pro, etc.; X<4> is D-Val, etc.; X<5> is Val, etc.; cyclo shows cyclic), showing antagonism against endothelin through ETB receptor.
Data from the October 2009 data-cut of ongoing Studies VRX-RET-E22-303 (Study 303) and VRX-RET-E22-304 (Study 304) will be pooled, summarized, and published with the goal of providing updated long-term safety and efficacy information for subjects and prescribers following the recent positive CHMP opinion for retigabine for adjunctive use in patients with partial seizures. Studies 303 and 304 are the open-label extensions of two Phase 3 studies (VRX-RET-E22-301 and VRX-RET-E22-302), respectively. Studies 301 and 302 were randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter studies of 600 mg and 900 mg per day (Study 302) and 1200 mg per day (Study 301). All subjects who wished to enter the OLE studies and, in the opinion of the investigator, were expected to benefit from participation in the OLEs, entered a 6-week (Study 301) or 4-week (Study 302) transition phase in which their dose of retigabine was titrated to or maintained at 400 mg TID (Study 301) or 300 mg TID (Study 302). Upon completion of the Transition phase, subjects enrolled into the extension studies. Once enrolled in the OLE, doses could be adjusted within the range of 600 mg to 1200 mg per day. Treatment in Studies 303 and 304 is planned to continue until regulatory approval and commercialization of retigabine or until the program is discontinued.
Nosocomial infections are a great source of concern for healthcare organizations. The spatial layout of hospitals and the movements of patients play significant roles in the spread of outbreaks. However, the existing models are ad-hoc for a specific hospital and research topic. This work shows the design of a data model to study the spread of infections among hospital patients. Its spatial dimension describes the hospital layout with several levels of detail, and the temporal dimension describes everything that happens to the patients in the form of events, which can relate to the spatial dimension. The model is meant to be sufficiently general to fit any hospital layout and to be used for different epidemiological research topics. We proved the model's suitability by defining six queries based on patients' movements and contacts that could assist in several epidemiological research tasks, such as discovering potential transmission routes. The model was implemented as an RDF* knowledge graph, and the queries were in SPARQL*. Finally, we designed two experiments in which two outbreaks of Clostridium difficile were analyzed using several queries (four in the first experiment and two in the second) on a knowledge graph (105,000 nodes, 185,000 edges) with synthetic data.
BACKGROUND: The Lichtenstein technique is the standard treatment for adult open inguinal hernia repair. Among the non-mesh repair techniques, Shouldice has shown the best results and is comparable to mesh repairs in selected cases. Due to the risk of chronic groin pain associated with the Lichtenstein technique, Shouldice has increased in popularity, and some surgeons have adopted it as a viable first-line option.
METHODS: MEDLINE, Cochrane, Central Register of Clinical Trials, and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials (RCT) published until February 2024. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test and I2 statistics with p-values <0.10 and I2 > 25% considered significant. Statistical analysis was performed using R Software, version 4.1.2.
RESULTS: Fourteen RCTs comprising 2784 patients were included, of whom 1379 (47.5%) were submitted to the Shouldice hernia repair and 1513 (52.5%) to the Lichtenstein technique. Shouldice was associated with a significant increase in the recurrence rate (4.2% vs. 0.9%; RR 3.68; 95% CI 2.05-6.60; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%) compared with Lichtenstein. The number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one Shouldice recurrence was 30.3. There were no significant differences between groups in chronic pain, urinary retention, bladder injury, testicular atrophy, wound infection, hematoma-seroma, or hypesthesia.
CONCLUSION: The Lichtenstein technique was associated with reduced recurrence rates compared with Shouldice in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair. However, the overall recurrence rate with the Shouldice technique was still low (4.2%), suggesting that it may be a viable option in selected patients.
PURPOSE: Knowledge of neurovascular anatomy is vital for neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuro-radiologists and anatomy students, amongst others, to fully comprehend the brain's anatomy with utmost depth. This paper aims to enhance the foundational knowledge of novice physicians in this area.
METHOD: A comprehensive literature review was carried out by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using primary keywords related to brain vasculature, without date restrictions. The identified literature was meticulously examined and scrutinized. In the process of screening pertinent papers, further articles and book chapters were obtained through analysis and additional assessing of the reference lists. Additionally, four formalin-fixed, color latex-injected cadaveric specimens preserved in 70% ethanol solution were dissected under surgical microscope (Leica Microsystems Inc, 1700 Leider Ln, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089 USA). Using microneurosurgical as well as standard instruments, and a high-speed surgical drill (Stryker Instruments 1941 Stryker Way Portage, MI 49002 USA). Ulterior anatomical dissection was documented in microscopic images.
RESULTS: Encephalic circulation functions as a complex network of intertwined vessels. The Internal Carotid Arteries (ICAs) and the Vertebral Arteries (VAs), form the anterior and posterior arterial circulations, respectively. This work provides a detailed exploration of the neurovascular anatomy of the anterior circulation and its key structures, such as the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) and the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA). Embryology is also briefly covered, offering insights into the early development of the vascular structures of the central nervous system. Cerebral venous system was detailed, highlighting the major veins and tributaries involved in the drainage of blood from the intracranial compartment, with a focus on the role of the Internal Jugular Veins (IJVs) as the primary, although not exclusive, deoxygenated blood outflow pathway.
CONCLUSION: This work serves as initial guide, providing essential knowledge on neurovascular anatomy, hoping to reduce the initial impact when tackling the subject, albeit the intricate vasculature of the brain will necessitate further efforts to be conquered, that being crucial for neurosurgical and neurology related practice and clinical decision-making.
INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic HBV infection (CHI) exhibit defective anti-viral immune-response whose underlying causes still remain unclear. Monocytes act as immune sentinels for pathogens and can regulate immunity via interaction with other immune-cells, apart from differentiating into macrophages. Immune-checkpoint molecules (ICMs) expressed by immune-cells, including monocytes are known to negatively regulate immune-responses. Here, we evaluated the expression of ICMs, namely, Gal-9, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 on monocytes in different phases of CHI, identified the viral and the host factors causing their aberrant expression and investigated their impact during interaction of monocytes with T-cells, B-cells and NK-cells and also on monocyte to macrophage differentiation. Influence of Tenofovir therapy on the expression of monocytic ICMs was also studied.
METHODS: Collection of blood and liver-tissue samples from HBV infected patients and controls, flow-cytometry, cell sorting, cell culture and immune-fluorescence were performed for this study.
RESULTS: Gal-9+ and PD-L1+-monocytes were significantly increased in HBeAg-positive as well as HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients than healthy controls (HC). In immune-tolerant (IT) subjects, only Gal-9+-monocytes and in inactive carriers (IC), PD-L1+-monocytes were higher than HC while CTLA-4+-monocytes remained comparable among groups. High serum Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) concentration in CHB as well as IT and TNF-α in CHB triggered monocytic Gal-9-expression whereas, PD-L1 was induced by elevated TNF-α and IL-4 in CHB and IL-1β in CHB and IC. Purified monocytes from CHB and IT having high Gal-9 expression led to expansion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+-Tregs, CD19+IL-10+-Bregs and CD19+CD27-CD21-atypical memory B-cells and these monocytes also preferentially differentiated into M2-macrophages. These phenomena were reversed by anti-Gal-9-antibody. Parallelly, PD-L1+-monocytes in CHB and IC reduced IL-2/IFN-γ and IL-6 production by HBV-specific T- and B-cells respectively, which were restored by anti-PD-L1-antibody. Both Gal-9+- and PD-L1+-monocytes caused decline in IFN-γ+-NK-cells but enhanced IL-10-expressing HBV-specific-T-cells and NK-cells. Increased intrahepatic CD14+Gal-9+ and CD14+PD-L1+-monocytes were noted in CHB patients than HC. One-year tenofovir therapy failed to reduce monocytic Gal-9 and PD-L1 along with the levels of HBsAg, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-4.
CONCLUSIONS: Monocytic Gal-9 and PD-L1, expressed heterogeneously in different phases of CHI, exert diverse inhibitory effects on immune-responses and their therapeutic targeting could boost anti-HBV immunity.
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) or reoxygenation injury is the paradoxical exacerbation of cellular impairment following restoration of blood flow after a period of ischemia during surgical procedures or other conditions. Acute interruption of blood supply to the liver and subsequent reperfusion can result in hepatocyte injury, apoptosis, and necrosis. Since the liver requires a continuous supply of oxygen for many biochemical reactions, any obstruction of blood flow can rapidly lead to hepatic hypoxia, which could quickly progress to absolute anoxia. Reoxygenation results in the increased generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, which lead to the enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other signaling molecules. Consequent acute inflammatory cascades lead to significant impairment of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. Furthermore, the expression of several vascular growth factors results in the heterogeneous closure of numerous hepatic sinusoids, which leads to reduced oxygen supply in certain areas of the liver even after reperfusion. Therefore, it is vital to identify appropriate therapeutic modalities to mitigate hepatic IR injury and subsequent tissue damage. This review covers all the major aspects of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, with special emphasis on oxidative stress, associated inflammation and complications, and prospective therapeutic approaches.
The need for the delivery of insulin by injection can be reduced or eliminated by delivering an aerosolized monomeric insulin formulation. Repeatability of dosing and more particularly the repeatability of the blood concentration versus time profile is improved relative to regular insulin. The blood concentration versus time profile is substantially unaffected by specific aspects of the patient's breathing maneuver at delivery. Further, the rate at which blood glucose is lowered is increased by the use of monomeric insulin. Particles of insulin and in particular monomeric insulin delivered to the surface of lung tissue will be absorbed into the circulatory system. The monomeric insulin may be a dry powder but is preferably in a liquid formulation delivered to the patient from a hand-held, self-contained device which automatically releases an aerosolized burst of formulation. The device includes a sensor which is preferably electronic which measures inspiratory flow and volume which measurement can be used to control the point of drug release.
Alirocumab 75 mg Q2W on top of stable LMT for 78 weeks. Alirocumab dose up-titrated to 150 mg from Week 12 when low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels ≥ 70 mg/dL (1.81 mmol/L) at Week 8.
The present invention discloses a liquid oral preparation of radix bupleuri drink, which has a preparing method that raw materials of radix bupleuri (north), ledebouriella root, red peony root, dried old orange peel, liquorice and ginger are decocted by adding water. Decocted liquid is merged and filtered, and filtrate is concentrated. The filtrate is added with alcohol, and the content of the alcohol reaches 50%. The filtrate is stood overnight and filtered. The alcohol is recovered from the filtrate which is concentrated to clear paste. Sucrose and/or benzoic acid water solution are added in the clear paste, and is uniformly mixed and filtered. The filtrate is uniformly stirred by adding water, then, sterilization is carried out, and the present invention is obtained.
The present invention pertains to a controlled release pharmaceutical tablet having at least three layers, two barrier layers and one drug layer. The two barrier layers erode more quickly than the drug layer. All layers are formed from swellable, erodible polymers. The drug layer can have a different composition from the two barrier layers. The three layers can also differ in thickness. The pharmaceutical agent is contained in the drug layer and is released as the tablet layer swells to allow diffusion through the tablet layers, and as the layers erode. The barrier layers are made from swellable erodible polymers which erode away to reveal more of the drug layer, as the tablet dissolves.
PURPOSE:A remedy for hepatopathy containing an epidermal growth factor (EGF), derivative or salt thereof as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION:A remedy for hepatopathy containing an epidermal growth factor (EGF), e.g. naturally occurring EGF, synthetic EGF synthesized by a genetic engineering technique, etc., or a substance, obtained by optional substitution of amino acids constituting the EGF, addition or deficiency of the amino acids and having the physiological activity same as or similar to that of EGF, etc., derivative or salt thereof as an active ingredient. The EGF is capable of promoting the multiplication of normal cells while inhibiting the hepatic disorder even in hepatopathy causing necrosis within a wide range. Examples of the dosage form include oral agents, e.g. powder, granule, tablet, capsule, etc., and parenteral agent, e.g. suppository, lotion, injection, etc. The dose thereof is preferably 10mug-10mg/adult/day and administered once-divided in several portions a day.
PURPOSE:To obtain a carrier for adsorbing a physiologically active substance composed of fine particles of hydroxyapatite having the surface treated with albumin and/or a polyvalent organic acid. CONSTITUTION:The carrier for adsorbing a physiologically active substance contains fine particles of hydroxyapatite, having the surface treated with albumin (e.g. human blood serum albumin) and/or a polyvalent organic acid (e.g. citric acid) and having preferably <=500nm, more preferably <=100nm average particle diameter. The resultant carrier for adsorbing the physiologically active substance is good in dispersion stability without flocculating even in preservation thereof in an aqueous suspension for a long period. When saccharides (e.g. mannose) or amino acids (e.g. arginine) are added, the stability is preferably further improved. Side effects such as vascular emphraxis can be suppressed by adsorbing the substance on the hydroxyapatite. Since the adsorptivity of the physiologically active substance is high, a medicinal preparation having high effectiveness and safety can be obtained.