anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In the US, approximately 11% of the population have diagnosed diabetes and nearly 40% have prediabetes. In addition, chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 14% of the US population including up to 40% of those with diabetes. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide where it affects approximately half of adults. The presence of CKD or diabetes doubles the risk of cardiovascular events. When both CKD and diabetes occur in the same patient the risks are further increased. The clinical problems of hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia are all closely related with obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, CKD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. The increasing frequency of obesity has driven increases in all of these medical comorbidities. These conditions frequently cluster together in the same patient exacerbating the risk of morbidity and mortality. They are also associated with cognitive dysfunction/dementia, pulmonary diseases, cancers, gastrointestinal diseases, immune system abnormalities, and inflammatory disorders. Only 6.8% of adults in US meet all targets for cardiovascular risk management with significant disparities based on race and ethnicity. Given the complexity of these multisystem problems in people with diabetes and obesity, it would seem reasonable to attempt to diagnose and treat many of the comorbidities earlier in the course of disease rather than wait for substantial end organ dysfunction to occur. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has recently published a consensus statement recommending early screening for the diagnosis of heart failure, CKD and diabetes, recognizing both the frequency and gravity of this combination. Likewise, there are recommendations in the guidelines to facilitate screening for microalbuminuria, blood pressure, glycemic control and lipids earlier in patients at risk rather than wait and treat as a secondary prevention program. Thus, the general principle is to facilitate earlier recognition and diagnosis and provide treatment before downstream target organ complications occur. This review will focus on CVD and risk management based on newest recommendations and standards of care in people with diabetes by the ADA. The main considerations in the treatment of people with diabetes are glycemic control, blood pressure, lipids, and the use of medications with proven cardiorenal disease progression capability to prevent or delay.
ANASPAZ inhibits specifically the actions of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. These peripheral cholinergic receptors are present in the autonomic effector cells of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the sino-atrial node, the atrioventricular node and exocrine glands. At therapeutic doses, it is completely devoid of any action in the autonomic ganglia. ANASPAZ inhibits gastrointestinal propulsive motility and decreases gastric acid secretion. ANASPAZ also controls excessive pharyngeal, tracheal and bronchial secretions. ANASPAZ is absorbed totally and completely by sublingual administration as well as oral administration. Once absorbed, ANASPAZ disappears rapidly from the blood and is distributed throughout the entire body. The half-life of ANASPAZ is 3.5 hours and the majority of drug is excreted in the urine unchanged within the first 12 hours, with a small amount hydrolyzed to tropic acid and tropine. Only traces of this drug are found in breast milk. ANASPAZ passes the blood-brain and placental barriers.
Gemfibrozil is a lipid regulating agent. It is available as tablets for oral administration. Each tablet contains 600 mg gemfibrozil. Each tablet also contains calcium stearate, colloidal silicon dioxide, hypromellose, low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, low viscosity hydroxypropyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate, pregelatinized starch (maize), and titanium dioxide. The chemical name is 5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid, with the following structural formula:  
  


The molecular formula is C15H22O3 and the molecular weight is 250.35; practically insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, in methanol and in chloroform. The melting point is 58° to 61°C. Gemfibrozil USP is a white or almost white, waxy crystalline solid.
PURPOSE:To efficiently multiply cells of Acanthopanax senticosus by cultivating tissue of Acanthopanax senticosus by using a nutrient medium having specific NH concentration and NO concentration. CONSTITUTION:Tissue of Acanthopanax senticosus is cultivated by using a nutrient medium having 20-120mg/l NH of nitrogen source and 1,200-1,900mg/l NO concentration. In the culture, a leaf, stem, root or seed of Acanthopanax senticosus is sterilized with an alcohol, a small cut piece thereof is sterilely laid on a nutrient agar medium containing auxin and cytokinin, plants hormones. The culture condition is 25-27 deg.C under obfuscated state. A callus is germinated from the small cut piece in about three weeks. The callus is passaged so as to stably grow in the same medium. A combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a preferable auxin and kinetin as cytokinin is used as the plant hormone of the medium.
AbstractMorning Report is a time-honored tradition where physicians-in-training present cases to their colleagues and clinical experts to collaboratively examine an interesting patient presentation. The Morning Report section seeks to carry on this tradition by presenting a patient's chief concern and story, inviting the reader to develop a differential diagnosis and discover the diagnosis alongside the authors of the case. This report examines the story of a 53-year-old man who had epigastric pain that he described as a sensation of burning behind his sternum. It persisted for months despite treatment with proton pump inhibitors. Using questions, physical examination, and testing, an illness script for the presentation emerges. As the clinical course progresses, the differential is refined until a diagnosis is made.
The study was planned as a randomized controlled trial. The study sample will be divided into two groups by simple randomization method. Only exercise will be applied to 30 individuals diagnosed with shoulder impingement in the first group of the study. In the second group, 30 individuals with shoulder impingement diagnosis will be given a Hypervolt Device in addition to the exercise. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale and Lawton Daily Living Activities Questionnaire will be applied to the participants before and after the treatment. The obtained data will be analyzed statistically.
Perioperative management for risk reduction in patients undergoing major surgery are taken increasingly important nowadays. The patient factor (age and comorbidities mainly), type of surgery and extent of tissue injury are major contributions to the development perioperative complications. From nutrition support to nutrition therapy, a comprehensive nutrition plays a pivotal role to optimize the above three key factors and hence reduce the perioperative risk. Vitamin D, a pleiotropic hormone with extensive physiological effect, is one of the nutrients critical to perioperative outcomes. It not only meets the essential demand of surgical patients, such as wound care, infection control, metabolic support and organ support, but also attenuates oxidative stress, modulates dys-inflammation and repair the damaged organelles like telomere and mitochondria. This is a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in a single center. Sixty eligible adult patients who will undergo general surgery are to be included.

The experimental group will receive 576000 IU in single oral dose of liquid vitamin D 3\~7 days prior to the surgery. The primary endpoint is rapid recovery index, such as bowel recovery, pain control, sedation and fatigue assessment. The secondary endpoints include perioperative inflammatory indexes, hemodynamic parameters, glycemic control as well as safety evaluation of vitamin D.
PURPOSE: Inflammation is thought to be a vital element in the etiology of cancer-related fatigue (CRF), and circulating blood cell parameters could be important markers of inflammatory response. However, the associations of several major blood cell counts and their derived inflammatory indices with CRF are not well described. The present study aimed to establish whether a relationship exists between the counts of three white blood cell (WBC) types, platelets, and CRF and investigate whether several systemic inflammatory indices were associated with CRF in patients with breast cancer (BC).
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 824 patients with BC undergoing chemotherapy. The cancer fatigue scale was administered to assess CRF. Hematological indicators, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets, were retrieved from routine blood test. Network analyses were used to examine the associations among them.
RESULTS: Among 824 participants, the mean score of CRF was (27 ± 10), ranging from 0 to 57. The results of network models indicated that physical fatigue was negatively linked to lymphocyte counts (weight =  - 0.161), and affective fatigue was positively associated with neutrophil counts (weight = 0.070). Additionally, physical fatigue was positively linked to the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (weight = 0.049).
CONCLUSION: There were preliminary associations of counts of three WBC types, platelet counts, and systemic inflammatory indices, with distinct dimensions of CRF in patients with BC. Findings provide empirical support for the cellular basis of fatigue-associated inflammatory states.
Based on recent patient referrals, we expect that 30 participants will subsequently enroll in CR and 30 will not. CR patients will complete standardized neuropsychological tests (45-60 minutes) and Transcranial Doppler (30-40 minutes) during their first and last week in the CR program. Patients who do not enroll in CR will undergo testing at similar intervals to serve as a matched control group. Standard medical records will be collected for participants in both groups to obtain demographic and medical information. CR-specific medical records will also be collected to obtain information about possible mechanisms for cognitive benefits (e.g. improved stress test performance, reduced blood pressure, etc.). All participants will be compensated for their time.
PEG-3350, SODIUM CHLORIDE, POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, SODIUM BICARBONATE produces a watery stool which cleanses the bowel before examination. Prepare the solution according to the instructions on the bottle. It is more palatable if chilled. For best results, no solid food should be consumed during the 3 to 4 hour period before drinking the solution, but in no case should solid foods be eaten within 2 hours of taking PEG-3350, SODIUM CHLORIDE, POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, SODIUM BICARBONATE.

Adults drink 240 mL (8 oz.) every 10 minutes. Continue drinking until the watery stool is clear and free of solid matter. This usually requires at least 3 liters. Any unused portion should be discarded. Pediatric patients (aged 6 months or greater) drink 25 mL/kg/hour. Continue drinking until the watery stool is clear and free of solid matter. Any unused portion should be discarded. Rapid drinking of each portion is better than drinking small amounts continuously. The first bowel movement should occur approximately one hour after the start of PEG-3350, SODIUM CHLORIDE, POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, SODIUM BICARBONATE administration. You may experience some abdominal bloating and distention before the bowels start to move. If severe discomfort or distention occur, stop drinking temporarily or drink each portion at longer intervals until these symptoms disappear.

Use of PEG-3350, SODIUM CHLORIDE, POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, and SODIUM BICARBONATE in children younger than 2 years of age should be carefully monitored for occurrence of possible hypoglycemia, as this solution has no caloric substrate. Dehydration has been reported in 1 child and hypokalemia has been reported in 3 children.
Research has shown that an undesirably high proportion of communities find thorough toothbrushing with a standard manual toothbrush challenging to achieve a plaque-free state, as evidenced by high worldwide gingivitis and periodontitis. This is consistent with investigations that reveal insufficient frequency of brushing, poor brushing technique, and inadequate brushing session duration when compared with standard-of-care professional recommendations.

The U-shaped brush is an intervention chosen for the present study because it can attract children's attention and make brushing fun and routine. With bristles angled at 45° and available in various sizes according to age, the U-shaped brush is useful for removing plaque. It can be used starting at age three or older. It is dependable for children because its two-sided design can clean the upper and lower arches in one motion. Since design affects plaque removal to varying degrees, various authors have examined the effects of different toothbrush designs on plaque removal.
A surgical instrument operable to sever tissue includes a body assembly and a selectively coupleable end effector assembly. The end effector assembly may include a transmission assembly and an end effector. The body assembly includes a trigger and a casing having a distal aperture configured to receive a portion of the end effector assembly. First and second coupling mechanism portions cooperatively couple the end effector assembly to the body assembly for use. A cartridge positionable between the instrument and a generator includes information regarding operating parameters unique to the selectively coupleable end effector assembly and/or the desired surgical procedure, such as information regarding setting a maximum current set point within an ultrasonic transducer. The instrument is programmable with operating parameter information while within a sealed and sterilized packaging unit.
A method for stitching image for medical imaging device may include obtaining a plurality of image series. Each of the plurality of image series may include one or more scanning images. The method may also include, for each of the plurality of image series, determining a tag of the each of the plurality of image series and classifying the plurality of image series based on the tags of the plurality of image series. The method may further include determining one or more groups of image series based on the classification. Image series in a same group may have a same tag. The method may also include stitching at least one image series of at least one group of the one or more groups of image series.
The potential to reduce the morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer, the second most common cause of cancer death in the U.S. has been compromised because only about half of eligible patients have been appropriately screened. Patients contribute to inadequate colorectal cancer screening by failing to complete ordered tests. Several studies have reported low rates of attendance to scheduled sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy studies. Because physicians offer limited counseling when ordering these tests, approaches are needed to address patient concerns and to promote adherence to scheduled colon studies. Therefore, we conducted a trial of a theory-based telephone intervention by patient 'peer coach' who was trained to address barriers to colonoscopy attendance versus a mailed professional brochure. The support was targeted to those at greatest risk of non-attendance.
Tablets contg. undegraded carrageenin Title compns showing an increased anti peptic activity over degraded carrageenin and having a good disintegration time are prepd by granulating undegraded carrageenin with an aq or alcoholic soln adding a disintegrating agent esp micro crystalline cellulose and forming the tablets. Strong electrolytes e.g. NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 or Na2SO4 reduce to amount of cellulose req'd without affecting the disintegration. The tablets may be coated. Disintegration time is 5-10 mins.
This study is a prospective, single-arm pilot study for patients presenting with hemoptysis from lung cancers. Prior to a therapeutic bronchial artery embolization (standard therapy), Tc99m-MAA will be administered to the bronchial artery and an imaging will be obtained to determine the distribution of MAA.

The primary objective will be quantification of Tc99m-MAA uptake within the tumor and surrounding structures (esophagus, bronchi, pericardium, spine). This is a purely descriptive study and no statistical comparison or correlation will be made. Dosimetry will be reported for each patient, as well as range and mean with standard deviation. Additional activity calculation methods and reporting metrics may additionally be used. Non-statistical comparison will be made to literature-reported external-beam radiation dose-related tumor response and adjacent-organ toxicities to develop a preliminary assessment of the potential for efficacy and anticipated safety-profile of Yittrium-90 bronchial artery radio-embolization.
The active ingredient in PREVACID Delayed-Release Capsules and PREVACID SoluTab Delayed-Release Orally Disintegrating Tablets is lansoprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, 2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridyl] methyl] sulfinyl] benzimidazole, a compound that inhibits gastric acid secretion. Its empirical formula is C16H14F3N3O2S with a molecular weight of 369.37. Lansoprazole has the following structure:

Lansoprazole is a white to brownish-white odorless crystalline powder which melts with decomposition at approximately 166°C. Lansoprazole is freely soluble in dimethylformamide; soluble in methanol; sparingly soluble in ethanol; slightly soluble in ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and acetonitrile; very slightly soluble in ether; and practically insoluble in hexane and water.

Lansoprazole is stable when exposed to light for up to two months. The rate of degradation of the compound in aqueous solution increases with decreasing pH. The degradation half-life of the drug substance in aqueous solution at 25°C is approximately 0.5 hour at pH 5.0 and approximately 18 hours at pH 7.0.

PREVACID is supplied in delayed-release capsules and PREVACID SoluTab is supplied in delayed-release orally disintegrating tablets (SoluTab) for oral administration.

PREVACID is available in one dosage strength: 30 mg of lansoprazole per capsule. Each delayed-release capsule contains enteric-coated granules consisting of 30 mg of lansoprazole (active ingredient) and the following inactive ingredients: sugar sphere, sucrose, methacrylic acid copolymer, low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, starch, magnesium carbonate, talc, polyethylene glycol, titanium dioxide, polysorbate 80, hydroxypropyl cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide, D&C Red No. 28, FD&C Blue No. 1, and FD&C Red No. 40. The 15 mg strength of PREVACID is not currently marketed by Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc.

PREVACID SoluTab is available in two dosage strengths: 15 and 30 mg of lansoprazole per tablet. Each delayed-release orally disintegrating tablet contains enteric-coated microgranules consisting of 15 or 30 mg of lansoprazole (active ingredient) and the following inactive ingredients: mannitol, methacrylic acid, hydroxypropyl cellulose, lactose monohydrate-microcrystalline cellulose sphere, triethyl citrate, crospovidone, polyacrylate, magnesium carbonate, aspartame1, glyceryl monostearate, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, citric acid, titanium dioxide, talc, artificial strawberry flavor, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80 and ferric oxide.

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1
     Phenylketonurics: PREVACID SoluTab Contains Phenylalanine 2.5 mg per 15 mg Tablet and 5.1 mg per 30 mg Tablet.
Elderly Patients

JADENU has been associated with serious and fatal adverse reactions in the postmarketing setting among adults, predominantly in elderly patients. Monitor elderly patients treated with JADENU more frequently for toxicity [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)]. 

Pediatric Patients

JADENU has been associated with serious and fatal adverse reactions in pediatric patients in the postmarketing setting. These events were frequently associated with volume depletion or with continued Exjade doses in the 20-40 mg/kg/day range equivalent to 14-28 mg/kg/day JADENU when body iron burden was approaching or in the normal range. Interrupt JADENU in patients with volume depletion, and resume JADENU when renal function and fluid volume have normalized. Monitor liver and renal function more frequently during volume depletion and in patients receiving JADENU in the 14-28 mg/kg/day range when iron burden is approaching the normal range. Use the minimum effective dose to achieve and maintain a low iron burden [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Warnings and Precautions (5.6), Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].
Controlled clinical trials with VERAMYST Nasal Spray included 1,224 patients aged 2 to 11 years and 344 adolescent patients aged 12 to 17 years [see Clinical Studies (14)]. The safety and effectiveness of VERAMYST Nasal Spray in children younger than 2 years have not been established.

Controlled clinical studies have shown that intranasal corticosteroids may cause a reduction in growth velocity in pediatric patients. This effect has been observed in the absence of laboratory evidence of HPA axis suppression, suggesting that growth velocity is a more sensitive indicator of systemic corticosteroid exposure in pediatric patients than some commonly used tests of HPA axis function. The long-term effects of reduction in growth velocity associated with intranasal corticosteroids, including the impact on final adult height, are unknown. The potential for “catch-up” growth following discontinuation of treatment with intranasal corticosteroids has not been adequately studied. The growth of pediatric patients receiving intranasal corticosteroids, including VERAMYST Nasal Spray, should be monitored routinely (e.g., via stadiometry). The potential growth effects of prolonged treatment should be weighed against the clinical benefits obtained and the risks/benefits of treatment alternatives. To minimize the systemic effects of intranasal corticosteroids, including VERAMYST Nasal Spray, each patient’s dose should be titrated to the lowest dosage that effectively controls his/her symptoms. 

The potential for VERAMYST Nasal Spray to cause growth suppression in susceptible patients or when given at higher than recommended dosages cannot be ruled out.
Ischemic preconditioning is thought to work by down-regulating pro-inflammatory gene expression and up-regulating anti-inflammatory gene expression in leukocytes. There is a local release of vasodilators, including adenosine and nitric oxide that are thought to have renal protective effects \[16\]. More is known regarding ischemic preconditioning in the heart, where it has been shown to decrease the adenine nucleotide pool, increase creatine phosphate and intracellular glucose, decrease ATP depletion, and lactate and H+ accumulation. This leads to sodium maintenance of the transmembrane sodium gradient that prevents intracellular edema. Ischemic preconditioning is thought to yield protection in the first minutes of reperfusion. Activation of the adenosine A1, bradykinin, and opioid receptors is thought to trigger protection. This is supported by the interference with protection if an adenosine receptor antagonist is administered. The role of reactive oxygen species as part of the protective mechanism has also been described via mitochondrial mKATP channels which lead to increased production of protective superoxide. Protein kinase C may also be involved in the protective mechanism of ischemic preconditioning, however the exact mechanism is unknown and controversial.