anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a common manifestation of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). This study aimed to estimate the presence of EPI in patients with CP or AIP using alternative clinical markers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A machine learning analysis employing a decision tree model was conducted on a retrospective training cohort comprising 57 patients with CP or AIP to identify EPI, defined as fecal elastase-1 levels less than 200 μg/g. The outcomes were then confirmed in a validation cohort of 26 patients.
RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients (68%) exhibited EPI in the training cohort. The decision tree algorithm revealed body mass index (≤21.378 kg/m 2 ) and total protein level (≤7.15 g/dL) as key variables for identifying EPI. The algorithm's performance was assessed using 5-fold cross-validation, yielding area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.890, 0.875, 0.750, 0.625, and 0.771, respectively. The results from the validation cohort closely replicated those in the training cohort.
CONCLUSIONS: Decision tree analysis revealed that EPI in patients with CP or AIP can be identified based on body mass index and total protein. These findings may help guide the implementation of appropriate treatments for EPI.
Activation of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) results in its cleavage, oligomerization, and subsequent formation of plasma membrane pores, leading to a form of inflammatory cell death denoted as pyroptosis. The roles of GSDMD in inflammation and immune responses to infection are well documented. However, whether GSDMD also plays a role in sporadic cancer development, especially that in the gut epithelium, remains unknown. Here, we show that GSDMD is activated in colorectal tumors of both human and mouse origins. Ablation of GSDMD in a mouse model of sporadic colorectal cancer resulted in reduced tumor formation in the colon and rectum, suggesting a tumor-promoting role of the protein in the gut. Both antibiotic-mediated depletion of gut microbiota and pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome reduced the activation of GSDMD. Loss of GSDMD resulted in reduced infiltration of immature myeloid cells, and increased numbers of macrophages in colorectal tumors. Activation of GSDMD is also accompanied by the aggregation of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) membrane repair proteins on the membrane of colorectal tumor cells, suggesting that active membrane repairment may prevent pyroptosis induced by the formation of GSDMD pore in tumor cells. Our results show that gut microbiota/NLRP3-mediated activation of GSDMD promotes the development of colorectal tumors, and supports the use of NLRP3 inhibitors to treat colon cancer.
Intradural Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma (IEES) is an infrequent occurrence. We report a case of a 66-year-old male who presented with a 2-month history of low back pain and bilateral S1 sciatica, with acute sphincter dysfunction. Imaging studies revealed an intradural extramedullary lesion in the cauda equina spanning from level L4 to S1. The patient underwent partial removal of the intradural lesion. Histopathological examination showed the presence of small round cells, which were consistent with Ewing Sarcoma. The patient was then treated with targeted radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The rarity of IEES in this specific location underscores the significance of evaluating and managing patients with intradural spinal tumors with careful consideration of this diagnosis. To further investigate this condition, we conducted a thorough review of the literature on IEES involving the lumbar spine and cauda equina. Our analysis revealed that patients with this condition frequently exhibit rapidly progressive neurological symptoms likely attributed to hemorrhagic transformation. This characteristic may serve as a distinguishing factor from other lesion types, particularly benign ones. Our study provides a comprehensive summary that can offer direction for clinical management in comparable uncommon and novel cases.
Inappropriate antibiotic use is a key driver of antibiotic resistance and one that can be mitigated through stewardship. A better understanding of current prescribing practices is needed to develop successful stewardship efforts. This study aims to identify factors that are associated with human cases of enteric illness receiving an antibiotic prescription. Cases of laboratory-confirmed enteric illness reported to the FoodNet Canada surveillance system between 2015 and 2019 were the subjects of this study. Laboratory data were combined with self-reported data collected from an enhanced case questionnaire that included demographic data, illness duration and symptoms, and antibiotic prescribing. The data were used to build univariable logistic regression models and a multivariable logistic regression model to explore what factors were associated with a case receiving an antibiotic prescription. The final multivariable model identified several factors as being significantly associated with cases being prescribed an antibiotic. Some of the identified associations indicate that current antibiotic prescribing practices include a substantial level of inappropriate use. This study provides evidence that antibiotic stewardship initiatives targeting infectious diarrhoea are needed to optimize antibiotic use and combat the rise of antibiotic resistance.
A system and method to avoid untracked follow-up recommendations for patient treatment is disclosed and comprised of feeding all radiology reports into a secure database through an integration engine. The information about recommendation is identified, captured, and securely transmitted by application engine to smart phone and web applications for patient follow-up tracking. The referring doctor views the received reports and easily identifies first results and specific recommendations for additional imaging (RAI) if the report includes RAI. The application provides options to the referring doctor to accept, decline, or defer the recommendation. If referrer accepts the recommendation, a follow-up test is ordered and is tracked by the application through exam completion. If those exam results include a new recommendation, a new loop opens. If referrer declines the recommendation, the original loop is closed. If the referrer defers the recommendation, the application tracks deferral status until the referrer makes the decision on the recommendation.
Use of 2,4-dihydroxy-3-methylbenzoate derivatives (I) for preparing medicaments or as basic substance for the development of other agents used for treating benign prostate hyperplasia, prostate carcinoma or spinobulbar muscular atrophy. Use of 2,4-dihydroxy-3-methylbenzoate derivatives of formula (I) for preparing medicaments or as basic substance for the development of other agents used for treating benign prostate hyperplasia, prostate carcinoma or spinobulbar muscular atrophy. R 11-4C alkyl; and R 2H, CH 3, ethyl or propyl. Independent claims are included for: (1) a medicament for treating benign prostate hyperplasia, prostate carcinoma or spinobulbar muscular atrophy, comprising (I); (2) (I) (where R 1> is iso-propyl, geranyl or ethylbenzol sulfonamide); (3) a method for the isolation of atraric acid from biological material comprises crushing biological material, extracting biological material with a solvent, which is monovalent 1-4C alcohol or volatile, (partly)-halogenated 1C-hydrocarbon, fractionating the extract and isolating atraric acid from the biological material containing fraction; and (4) a method for the preparation of atraric acid derivatives comprising stirring the atraric together with an equimolar amount of alkali hydroxide or alkaline-earth hydroxide in a solution of a primary aliphatic alcohol and isolating the atraric acid derivatives from the reaction mixture. [Image] ACTIVITY : Muscular-Gen.; Cytostatic. MECHANISM OF ACTION : Estrogen receptor agonist.
Emerging adulthood (ages 18-25) represents and common and problematic time for alcohol use and mental health issues, particularly anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression increase the likelihood of developing risky patterns of alcohol use. Indeed, individuals who drink alcohol to cope with negative affect, such as anxiety and depression, report more alcohol use and more severe use-related consequences. As such, it is important to address alcohol use, particularly among a psychiatric population of emerging adults. Despite their co-occurrence, treatment as usual for anxiety and depression typically does not address alcohol use, and alcohol interventions for emerging adults largely ignore anxiety and depression. Emerging research suggests interventions that specifically focus on drinking to cope with negative affect are promising in reducing problematic outcomes. For example, the investigators previously developed a brief, personalized feedback intervention that specifically targeted use of alcohol to cope with negative affect among a normative sample of emerging adults (Personalized Feedback Intervention for Coping - PFIcope), which resulted in decreased drinking to cope. In order to adapt PFIcope for a psychiatric population and augment treatment effects, the investigators propose adding ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and intervention (EMI) in order to identify when emerging adults are at most risk for problematic alcohol use and intervene when needed. EMA can assess symptoms in real time and identify high-risk situations for problematic use (i.e., when experiencing negative affect and reports intention to use), which can trigger an in-the-moment EMI during that high-risk situation (i.e., individually-chosen relapse prevention coping skills messages).

The investigators propose to develop a 6-week PFIcope+EMI intervention for 20 emerging adults in a psychiatric partial hospitalization program who report drinking alcohol to cope with negative affect. This will include: 1) an in-person personalized feedback session to present normative information and feedback on problems associated with drinking to cope, to discuss the individual's use of alcohol to cope, and to generate relapse prevention coping skills messages to be used in the EMI text intervention; 2) EMA to monitor affect and intention to drink after discharge; 3) tailored text messages (EMI) based on EMA responses (i.e., individualized coping skills messages when individuals report negative affect and intention to drink); and 4) additional EMA to monitor coping skills usage, alcohol use, and drinking to cope. The PFIcope+EMI intervention, including its associated real-time assessment and messaging systems, is low-cost, easy to program, and can deliver an intervention when individuals are at most risk for engaging in problematic alcohol use.
BACKGROUND: Most studies on later-life health in India focus on families, with far less attention given to the health repercussions of neighbourhood conditions among older Indians. We address this limitation in existing research by examining the associations between perceptions of neighbourhood safety and social cohesion and sleep duration and sleep quality among older adults in India.
METHODS: Data come from the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (WHO-SAGE), India 2015 wave 2, with a sample of 7118 adults aged 50 years and above. Sleep quality and duration were assessed using subjective responses. Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were employed to test the research hypotheses.
RESULTS: Prevalence of poor sleep quality was higher among older adults living in unsafe neighbourhoods (4.46%) than peers residing in safe neighbourhoods (3.52%), and it was also higher among those living in neighbourhoods with poor social cohesion (5.31%) than counterparts who lived in socially cohesive communities (3.10%). Older adults in neighbourhoods with poor social cohesion had higher odds of reporting compromised sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio 1.75, CI: 1.22-2.51) than those living in socially cohesive neighbourhoods. Moreover, compared to those who perceived they were living in safe neighbourhoods, their peers who perceived their neighbourhoods as unsafe reported shorter sleep duration, with a negative beta coefficient of -0.27 (CI: -0.45 to -0.085).
CONCLUSION: That perceived unsafety and poor social cohesion within one's neighbourhood are associated with compromised sleep reflects the significance of making neighbourhoods safer and more integrated for later-life sleep health. In addition to micro-level strategies (e.g., balanced nutrition and physical activity), efforts to improve sleep health should optimise macro-level opportunities, such as rehabilitating and revitalising neighbourhoods, which may alleviate sleep disturbances and improve sleep outcomes among older adults.
Treatment as usual (TAU) involves the typical discharge procedures for clients from Unit 2, Forensic and EPU wards at CAMH. It includes referral to outpatient psychiatric services and relevant community supports with the transition facilitated by inpatient social work staff.
Patients will execute a wrist extension exercise on standing position with the elbow extended. The load (dumbbells) will be set according to a pain monitoring approach ( exercise should not provoke pain \>2/10) during wrist extension. Load is increased by 0.5 to 1kg. We will allow a 30 sec break.
OBJECTIVE: Microvascular decompression (MVD) is a well-established and highly effective treatment option for hemifacial spasm (HFS). Lateral spread response (LSR) has been used as an intraoperative indicator of HFS resolution, with controversial reliability. The purpose of this study was to determine long-term outcomes of MVD for HFS and the role of LSR and other preoperative predictors.
METHODS: The authors conducted a cohort study of all patients treated with MVD for HFS at a single institution from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2019. In addition to a retrospective chart review, all patients were contacted at the time of the study to provide informed consent and responded to a telephone survey to ascertain their current disease and medication status. Patients with at least 12 months of postoperative follow-up were included. Statistical testing included a Student t-test, Fisher's exact test, logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazards analysis.
RESULTS: One hundred nineteen patients met study criteria; 41 (34%) had at least 10 years of clinical follow-up. HFS fully resolved in 93 (78%), symptoms subjectively improved in 11 (9%) and were unchanged in 15 (13%). Immediate postoperative HFS status did not correlate with long-term outcome (p = 0.13). Changes in LSR were not associated with outcome. Patients receiving neuromodulating agents had significantly longer preoperative duration of symptoms and were more likely to show persistent LSR intraoperatively. HFS recurrence was associated with younger age at the time of surgery but not with intraoperative LSR resolution.
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that MVD for HFS is highly effective for most patients. Neither intraoperative LSR change nor immediate postoperative status was predictive of long-term outcomes.
The invention concretely relates to a formula and a preparation method of a Hui Nationality traditional Chinese medicinal scorpion breast cancer treatment granule. The granule is a green high-tech Chinese herbal medicine used for treating the breast cancer. The granule is a traditional Chinese medicinal granule prepared through the following steps: mixing of scorpions, Chinese gall, Herba Taraxaci and other Chinese herbal medicines according to a certain ratio, water adding, decoction, extraction, concentration and granulation. The granule is mainly used for treating the breast cancer, and also is used for treating pancreas cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, gastrointestinal cancer and skin cancer. The granule has the characteristics of suitable medicine variety quantity and moderate dosage, and all the medicines are proved by modern medical science pharmacological experiments to be suitable for treating the cancers. The granule fundamentally improves the body functions and prevents condition exacerbation at a low cost in order to recover the health of bodies.
BACKGROUND: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) may occur following cardiac surgery. Although preventing post-operative complications is vitally important in cardiac surgery, there are few guidelines regarding this issue. This review aimed to characterize SNHL after cardiac surgery.
METHOD: This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO and conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were conducted from inception. Eligibility determination, data extraction and methodological quality analysis were conducted in duplicate.
RESULTS: There were 23 studies included in the review. In the adult population, there were six cohort studies, which included 36 cases of hearing loss in a total of 7135 patients (5.05 cases per 1000 operations). In seven cohort studies including paediatric patients, there were 88 cases of hearing loss in a total of 1342 operations. The majority of cases of hearing loss were mild in the adult population (56.6%). In the paediatric population 59.2% of hearing loss cases had moderate or worse hearing loss. The hearing loss most often affected the higher frequencies, over 6000 Hz. There have been studies indicating an association between hearing loss and extracorporeal circulation, but cases have also occurred without this intervention.
CONCLUSION: SNHL is a rare but potentially serious complication after cardiac surgery. This hearing loss affects both paediatric and adult populations and may have significant long-term impacts. Further research is required, particularly with respect to the consideration of screening for SNHL in children after cardiac surgery.
Elderly cancer incidence increases exponentially with advancing age. However, elderly patients are largely underrepresented in cancer treatment trials. The geriatric population presents particular physical, mental, psychological or social specificities that may condition the prognosis especially for patients with metastatic neoplasia. Recently, the measurement of quality of life (QoL) in aging population is being recognized as an important part of clinical decision. It is therefore essential to set up prospective studies to evaluate the impact of oncogeriatric practices on the quality of life of elderly patients with metastatic neoplasia. The main objective of this prospective study is to describe the contribution of geriatric intervention on quality of life for for elderly (\> 75 years) with metastatic solid cancer receiving systemic treatment during the first 6 months of their therapeutic management.
PEG-BCT-100 at 0.5 mg/kg administered as a single dose on day 1 (week 1); if not DLTs are observed, PEG-BCT- 100 will be administered at 0.5 mg/kg on days 22 (week 4) and 29 (week 5). Patients responding to treatment or with stable disease may receive 8 additional weekly administrations of PEG-BCT-100 at 0.5 mg/kg. Beyond week 13, patients responding to treatment or with stable disease may continue to receive weekly PEG-BCT-100 at 0.5 mg/kg until disease progression at the discretion of the investigator.
The composition, according to the utility model will find application for complex effects in microbial infections caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aureofaciens AP9, Vevibasillus laterosporus BT271 and Escherichia coli NBIMCC 878, resistant to conventional antibiotics. The composition with antibacterial action contains a peptide fraction with a molecular weight below 10 kDa, isolated from the mucus of garden snails Helix aspersa, which is in an amount (wt. %) from 90 to 95%, carbon nanoparticles in quantity (wt. %) from 0.01% to 0.05% and deionized water up to 100%. The peptide fraction isolated from the mucus of garden snails Helix aspersa has a peptide concentration of 0.5 - 1.0 mg/mL. According to the utility model, the carbon nanoparticles are made of nano-diamonds and carbon nanotubes. The composition, according to the utility model, provides high antibacterial and antioxidant potential, which is evidenced by the results of the conducted research. The peptides contained in a fraction with MW below 10 kDa have a 14.11 times stronger inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth in surface culture compared to deep culture.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The result of ongoing liver injury - and disease, regardless of cause - is fibrosis, and fibrosis appears to be a critically important result of ongoing injury. Further, in a number of different liver diseases, the presence of fibrosis has prognostic value. Therefore, the assessment of fibrosis is of critical clinical importance. Given the importance of fibrosis, there has been a rapid evolution in the use of noninvasive liver tests. This review highlights a number of the core principles surrounding.
RECENT FINDINGS: The use of noninvasive test has progressed rapidly over the last decade and data are rapidly accumulating. New terminology has been adapted by the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) for noninvasive assessment of liver disease and termed 'NILDA' (Non-Invasive Liver Disease Assessment). Blood based such as APRI and or FIB-4 and imaging tests such as liver stiffness measurement (LSM) have moderate to high degrees of accuracy for detection of advanced liver fibrosis (≥ F2) and even higher accuracy for detection of severe fibrosis (F4 or cirrhosis). NILDA are particularly effective at the ends of the liver disease spectrum. For example, a very low LSM (less than 7 kPa) essentially excludes significant fibrosis or portal hypertension, and a very high LSM (> 25 kPa) makes significant fibrosis with portal hypertension (cirrhosis) highly likely.
SUMMARY: NILDA are currently front and center in terms of assessment of the severity of liver disease. In all patients with known or suspected liver disease, noninvasive blood tests, including APRI and or FIB-4, should be the initial choice to assess the severity of liver fibrosis and/or portal hypertension. In most patients, these tests should be followed with imaging evaluation. The most commonly available imaging is LSM, which appears to be more accurate in predicting fibrosis severity, and is superior to blood tests in the assessment of portal hypertension. In situations in which there is diagnostic uncertainly, liver biopsy with or without HVPG remains an important consideration.
Risperidone, taken by mouth on a daily basis, has been an effective treatment for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Risperidone is also available in a long-acting injectable form so that patients can take their medicine by bi-weekly injections. This study will assess the effectiveness and safety of long-acting risperidone injection given once a month instead of every two weeks (based on previous studies with dosing every 2 weeks). During the four-week lead-in phase, patients will receive one 50-milligram injection every two weeks for two doses. Patients continue to take their prescribed dose of risperidone tablets (from 2 to 6 milligrams per day) for the first 14 days. After the first month, patients will receive one 50-milligram injection once a month for 48 weeks. This dose can be increased to 75 milligrams if patient meets relapse criteria, and is willing to stay in the trial. Patients will be asked questions to help determine how well the monthly injections are working. Laboratory tests (including drug levels), physical examinations and adverse event reporting will be performed to determine the safety of the monthly injections. Risperidone oral tablets, 2 to 6 milligrams per day, for first 2 weeks; long-acting risperidone intramuscular injections, 50 mg in 2 milliliters of liquid, every 2 weeks for 1 month, then injections once a month for 48 weeks. Monthly injection dose may be increased to 75 mg in 2-mL if needed.