anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients face the risk of rapid kidney function decline leading to adverse outcomes like dialysis and mortality. Lipid metabolism might contribute to acute kidney function decline in CKD patients. Here, we utilized the Mendelian Randomization approach to investigate potential causal relationships between drug target-mediated lipid phenotypes and rapid renal function decline.
METHODS: In this study, we utilized two methodologies: summarized data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) and inverse variance-weighted Mendelian randomization (IVW-MR), to approximate exposure to lipid-lowering drugs. This entailed leveraging expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for drug target genes and genetic variants proximal to drug target gene regions, which encode proteins associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, as identified in genome-wide association studies. The objective was to investigate causal associations with the progression of rapid kidney function decline.
RESULTS: The SMR analysis revealed a potential association between high expression of PCSK9 and rapid kidney function decline (OR = 1.11, 95% CI= [1.001-1.23]; p = 0.044). Similarly, IVW-MR analysis demonstrated a negative association between LDL cholesterol mediated by HMGCR and kidney function decline (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.60-0.90; p = 0.003).
CONCLUSION: Genetically predicted inhibition of HMGCR is linked with the progression of kidney function decline, while genetically predicted PCSK9 inhibition is negatively associated with kidney function decline. Future research should incorporate clinical trials to validate the relevance of PCSK9 in preventing kidney function decline.
BACKGROUND: Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. BRCA1/2 mutations are associated with impaired DNA double-strand break repair and are among the common mutations in penile cancer, potentially paving the way for poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitor therapy.
CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 65-year-old male with PSCC who progressed to thigh metastasis at 10 months after partial penectomy. Next-generation sequencing showed that the penis primary lesion and metastatic thigh lesion harboured a BRCA2 mutation. Chemotherapy plus immunotherapy was used for treatment, and the thigh metastasis was found to involve no tumour. Progression-free survival (PFS) lasted for 8 months until the appearance of lung metastasis. Afterwards, the patient benefited from second-line therapy of olaparib with pembrolizumab and anlotinib, and his disease was stable for 9 months. The same BRCA2 was identified in the lung biopsy. Given the tumour mutation burden (TMB, 13.97 mutation/Mb), the patient received third-line therapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab, but PFS only lasted for 3 months, with the appearance of right frontal brain metastasis. Then, the patient was treated with radiation sequential fluzoparib therapy as fourth-line treatment, and the treatment efficacy was evaluated as PR. Currently, this patient is still alive.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of penile cancer with BRCA2 mutation, receiving a combination treatment with olaparib and experiencing a benefit for 9 months. This case underscores the pivotal role of BRCA2 in influencing treatment response in PSCC, providing valuable insights into the application of targeted therapies in managing recurrent PSCC with BRCA2 alterations. This elucidation establishes a crucial foundation for further research and clinical considerations in similar cases.
Ruxolitinib is an oral Janus associated kinase (JAK) inhibitor commonly used in the treatment of primary myelofibrosis. We describe a case of an 86-year-old woman on ruxolitinib for primary myelofibrosis who presented with a three-day history of worsening left eyelid swelling, pain, and decreased vision. Her exam was notable for left upper lid ptosis, periorbital edema, and nearly complete external ophthalmoplegia along with diffuse conjunctival injection and microcystic corneal edema. An orbital computed tomography demonstrated left proptosis accompanied by extensive inflammatory changes of the preseptal and orbital soft tissues. She was diagnosed with acute left orbital inflammatory syndrome (OIS) and treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, one gram over 48 hours followed by an oral steroid taper as well as discontinuation of her ruxolitinib. Complete recovery was noted at her one-week follow-up visit and ruxolitinib was restarted. However, 3 weeks later, she presented with new right periorbital swelling and pain and was found to have a sequential right OIS for which she was again treated with methylprednisolone and discontinuation of ruxolitinib with the goal of transitioning to an alternative biologic agent. Although there are no previous documented cases of ruxolitinib associated orbital inflammatory syndrome, a similar JAK inhibitor medication, Fedratinib, has been reported to cause a similar side effect. We propose that her ruxolitinib paradoxically lead to a pro-inflammatory state leading to bilateral, sequential orbital inflammatory syndrome.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a safe effective leukemia treating agent having little side effect. SOLUTION: This leukemia treating agent contains tretinoin tocoferil and 1α,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (VD3 ) as active components. The concomitant use of the both components exhibits synergistic effect and can reduce the administration quantity of VD3 , and thus, the occurrence of the side effect characteristic to VD3 can be suppressed. The agent is effective for treating leukemia, especially acute promyelocyte leukemia and lymphoma. The daily dose of tretinoin tocoferil for adult is 10-1200mg, preferably 200-600mg, and the daily dose of VD3 for adult is 0.005-5μg, preferably 0.025-0.5μg. Parenteral administration such as intravenous administration or subcutaneous administration is preferable for the agent. The agent is effective for the treatment of leukemia even in the case of the serum concentration of VD3 of <=10<-9> M, which is free from side effect and safe.
Chronic inflammation is very common among individuals living with spinal cord injury (SCI) and contributes to a number of health complications(1). Drug treatments are available to help reduce inflammation, however, many patients are unresponsive, become resistant or experience adverse effects such as increased risk of infection(2). There is a need for other treatments which reduce inflammation while avoiding harmful side effects.

It is now understood that the nervous systems plays an important role in regulating the immune system and controlling inflammation. The vagus nerve has been shown to be a particularly important part of the nervous system in terms of limiting inflammation. However, SCI causes disruption to the nervous system, including reduced activity of the vagus nerve. This may contribute to excessive inflammation. New technologies have been developed that allow the vagus nerve to be activated by electrically stimulating a part of the ear. This technique called vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to help reduce inflammation in numerous populations. However, it has not been assessed in individuals with SCI. This study will assess if stimulating the vagus nerve can be a safe and effective way to reduce inflammation in individuals with SCI.

To assess this, 30 individuals with SCI who agree to participate will be randomly assigned to receive either active VNS treatment or sham treatment (whereby the device will placed in such a way that it does not stimulate the vagus nerve). Participants will not be aware of which group they are in. The study will take place over a 2-day period. On day one, participants will arrive in the morning for a fasted blood draw to assess baseline inflammation. Following the blood draw, participants will receive 1-hour of either the active or sham VNS therapy. Immediately following VNS therapy a second blood draw will be performed. On day 2 participants will be asked to return at the same time of day to complete a final fasted blood draw. This will allow for the assessment of how well the therapy activated 2 key anti-inflammatory pathways controlled by the vagus nerve and resulting changes in inflammation (immediate and 24-hour post).

It is expected that VNS therapy will be well-tolerated, safe and effective at reducing inflammation in individuals with SCI. If this is shown, VNS may prove to be a simple and cost-effective means of reducing chronic inflammation in individuals with SCI and may help to replace and/or reduce the need for other pharmaceutical drugs which are associated with adverse health outcomes.
We previously reported that circIGF1R is significantly downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and tissues. It inhibits cancer cell invasion and migration, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The invasion and migration of NSCLC cells was analyzed by routine in vivo and in vitro functional assays. Fluorescent in situ hybridization, luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms. Mechanism of action of paclitaxel-induced RBFOX3-mediated inhibition of NSCLC invasion and migration was investigated through in vitro and in vivo experiments.Our study reveals that circIGF1R acts as a Competing Endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-1270, thereby regulating Van-Gogh-like 2 (VANGL2) expression and subsequently inhibiting NSCLC cell invasion and migration via the Wnt pathway. We also found that RNA binding protein fox-1 homolog 3 (RBFOX3) enhances circIGF1R biogenesis by binding to IGF1R pre-mRNA, which in turn suppresses migration and invasion in NSCLC cells. Additionally, the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel was shown to impede NSCLC invasion and migration by inducing RBFOX3-mediated circIGF1R biogenesis.RBFOX3 inhibits the invasion and migration of NSCLC cells through the circIGF1R/ miR-1270/VANGL2 axis, circIGF1R has the potential to serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
There are several brain areas responsible for neuropathic pain reported in functional image studies, including primary sensory cortex, insula, and anterior cingulate gyrus. However, it is few informations about the functional status of these areas. Besides, the reason of the individual variability about the developement of neuropathic pain remains unknown. It is lack of satisfactory explanation about why some people developed neuropathic pain in certain diseased situation (for example, type 2 diabetes), while others do not.

We hypothesis that patients with neuropathic pain has abnormal cortical excitability and plasticity in certain brain area. Therefore developed neuropathic pain certain diseased condition while others not. Therefore, we will use multimodal electrophysiology tools,such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, and contact heat evoke potential to monitor the cortical excitability and plasticity non-invasively.
Donor shortage is a major problem in lung transplantation (LTx), and the use of lungs from elderly donors is one of the possible solutions in a rapidly aging population. However, the utilization of organs from donors aged >65 years has remained infrequent and may be related to a poor outcome. To investigate the molecular events in grafts from elderly donors early after LTx, the left lungs of young and old mice were subjected to 1 hour of ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. The left lungs were collected at 1 hour, 1 day, and 3 days after reperfusion and subjected to wet-to-dry weight ratio measurement, histological analysis, and molecular biological analysis, including RNA sequencing. The lungs in old mice exhibited more severe and prolonged pulmonary edema than those in young mice after ischemia reperfusion, which was accompanied by upregulation of the genes associated with inflammation and impaired expression of cell cycle-related genes. Apoptotic cells increased and proliferating type 2 alveolar epithelial cells decreased in the lungs of old mice compared with young mice. These factors could become conceptual targets for developing interventions to ameliorate lung ischemia-reperfusion injury after LTx from elderly donors, which may serve to expand the old donor pool.
Clinicians attributed to clinics randomized to the clinical decision support nudges and brief clinician decision support arm will receive clinical decision support within the EHR when conditions meet alert triggering criteria. These clinicians will also receive invitation to view an online educational module and be recruited to complete an online survey at baseline and 18 months.
The present invention relates to a physiological equilibrium agent for livestock and fowls, which is prepared by compounding Chinese medicinal herbs. The physiological equilibrium agent comprises powdered medicine and aqueous agent, wherein the powdered medicine can serve as a feed additive to feed the livestock and the fowls, and the aqueous agent can be drunk by the livestock and fowls by a waterer. The physiological equilibrium agent can replace antibiotics, etc. The physiological equilibrium agent has no side effect and drug residue after used for long term and performs the functions of treating diseases, preventing diseases, enhancing organism resistance, raising the nutritive value of meat quality and improving the productivity. The effect is obvious by trial. The physiological equilibrium agent can be widely used for raising various kinds of livestock and fowls.
Constipation is a common problem in children, accounting for about 3% of all primary care visits and up to 25% of referrals to paediatric gastroenterologists. Although polyethylene glycol often proves effective, most children require prolonged treatment and about 50% of them have at least one relapse within the first 5 years after initial recovery. When conventional treatment fails, children are considered to have refractory constipation. Children with refractory constipation deserve specialist management and guidance. Over the last decades, there has been a remarkable increase in our knowledge of normal and abnormal colonic and anorectal motility in children, and a number of different techniques to measure transit and motility have been developed. The present review analyses the possible diagnostic investigations for children with refractory constipation, focusing on their actual indications and their utility in clinical practice. Moreover, we have also analytically reviewed medical and surgical therapeutic options, which should be considered in selected patients in order to achieve the best clinical outcome.
AIMS: The Diabetes Eating Problems Survey - Revised (DEPS-R) is commonly used to assess disordered eating behaviour (DEB) in individuals with type 1 diabetes and has advantages compared to other measures not specifically tailored to diabetes. A score ≥20 on the DEPS-R is used to indicate clinically significant DEB; however, it does not distinguish between eating disorder (ED) phenotypes necessary to guide treatment decisions, limiting clinical utility.
METHODS: The current study used latent class analysis to identify distinct person-centred profiles of DEB in adults with type 1 diabetes using the DEPS-R. Analysis of Variance with Games Howell post-hoc comparisons was then conducted to examine the correspondence between the profiles and binge eating, insulin restriction and glycaemic control (HbA1c, mean blood glucose, and percent time spent in hyperglycaemia) during 3 days of assessment in a real-life setting.
RESULTS: Latent class analysis indicated a 4-class solution, with patterns of item endorsement suggesting the following profiles: Bulimia, Binge Eating, Overeating and Low Pathology. Differences in binge eating, insulin restriction and glycaemic control were observed between profiles during 3 days of at-home assessment. The Bulimia profile was associated with highest HbA1c and 3-day mean blood glucose.
CONCLUSIONS: There are common patterns of responses on the DEPS-R that appear to reflect different ED phenotypes. Profiles based on the DEPS-R corresponded with behaviour in the real-life setting as expected and were associated with different glycaemic outcomes. Results may have implications for the use of the DEPS-R in research and clinical settings.
A questionnaire assessing the knowledge, attitude, and self-perceived practices (KAP) amongst healthcare professionals will be conducted with staff, including trainees, at each site's study ward. Further, the workload of the study ward's Registered Dietitian will be assessed for 3 days.
Achieving timely and effective hemorrhage control is imperative for the survival of individuals with severe bleeding. Hemostatic materials, by enhancing the natural cell-based coagulation response, are essential tools in modern and military medical practice for controlling bleeding, especially in emergency and surgical settings. Here, we report a new type of composite hemostatic material with two different aluminosilicate-based components, kaolin and zeolite, which synergistically work together in different stages of the coagulation cascade reactions. Kaolin can effectively activate the clotting factor FXII in the early stage, and zeolite can accumulate and assemble FXa and FVa on its surface and thereafter lead to the formation of highly active thrombin in the later stage. The synergistic action mechanism between kaolin and zeolite significantly boosts the levels of FXIIa and FXa, and it also greatly enhances plateau thrombin activity. For practical application, a kaolin-modified zeolite gauze is fabricated, and it demonstrates excellent hemostatic effectiveness. Compared to the combat gauze currently used in front-line treatment, it reduces blood loss by 75% and shortens hemostasis time by 33% in a rabbit femoral artery injury model. In addition, this kaolin-zeolite gauze has no heat release problem and a nearly zero particle shedding rate, which greatly decreases the safety risk compared to current commercial inorganic-based hemostatic gauzes.
Obesity and diabetes have increased to epidemic proportions in the US and in many other countries. In addition, the comorbidities of these metabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoarthritis are placing a huge burden on the health and health care system of the United States. Finding new avenues for human therapeutics is thus a critical challenge. Brown adipose tissue (BAT or "Brown Fat") functions to dissipate stored chemical energy in the form of heat and serves to defend mammals from hypothermia and obesity.

It is now firmly established that humans have functional BAT that can be activated by mild cold stress and imaged by 18F-labeled fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging. Moreover, it is now understood that there are two distinct types of brown fat cells: the "classical" brown fat (most common in supraclavicular fat depots) that form developmentally from a muscle-like myf5-positive lineage and brown fat cells that can appear in white adipose tissue (WAT) depots upon prolonged exposure to cold or beta-adrenergic signaling. These latter cells originate from a myf5-negative lineage and are referred to as beige cells. Recent data suggests that most adult humans might have both brown and beige fat cells that are inactive but could be activated via the adrenergic system. Once activated, thermogenesis in these cells could affect the body's energy balance and might be instrumental in weight management.

Although adrenergic activation using cold exposure has been shown to be highly effective in activating both brown and beige fat cells, it is difficult to implement in daily routine and there is a need for other, more practical, interventions. Mirabegron (trade name Myrbetriq, Astellas Pharma, Inc.) is a drug for the treatment of overactive bladder which was FDA approved in July of 2012. Mirabegron activates the beta3 adrenergic receptor in the detrusor muscle in the bladder, which leads to muscle relaxation and an increase in bladder capacity. There are reports of increased BAT FDG uptake following MIrabegron administration in both rodents and recently in humans. Because pharmacological stimulation of brown/beige fat cells might increase daily energy expenditure, this might represent a novel mechanism for weight management and eventually a new avenue for the treatment for obesity.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject composition using a squalane containing less pristane and excellent in safety to the human body by containing the squalane having a pristane content at a specific concentration or less. SOLUTION: This adjuvant composition contains (A) a high purity squalane having a pristane content of <=10 wt.ppm, preferably <=5 wt.ppm and more preferably in a degree not being detected substantially. Preferably, it contains further (B) an emulsifying agent and (C) an aqueous medium in 0.1-50 wt.% total of the components A, B based on 100 wt.% total composition, and so as to become 0.1-50 pt.wt. component B based on 100 pts.wt. component A. The above high purity squalane is obtained by hydrogenating the squalane collected from a shark liver oil which is an animal oil and fat of a deep sea shark such as a granulose shark, a black dogfish, a beaked dogfish, a white fin dogfish, etc., and then performing a thin film distillation.
The invention belongs to the field of Chinese herbal medicine, and relates to a traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating prostatitis. The invention aims to provide a traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating prostatitis. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation prepared according to the formula has the characteristics of quick effect taking and good curative effect. The traditional Chinese medicine formula is characterized by comprising red bean, fiveleaf akebia, corydalis tuber, mulberry bark, phellodendron bark, schisandra fruit, spina gleditsiae, Polygonum aviculare, rhizoma anemarrhenae, sweetgum fruit, bamboo leaf, tuckahoe, coptis, licorice root, eclipta, Plantain seed, fringed pink, cowherb seed and gardenia. The traditional Chinese medicine is used for treating prostatitis with stagnancy of qi and blood stasis, and can activate blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis, purge the pathogenic fire to promote urination, nourish yin, promote the production of the body fluid and improve the quality of the prostate. The invention has the advantages of good curative effect, quick effect taking, no toxic or side effect, no relapse after treatment and the like, and can treat both the symptoms and root causes.
PURPOSE:To obtain the titled preparation capable of being applied to the damaged affected part in the oral cavity and maintaining a medicinal component in a given site for a long period without providing mucosa in the oral cavity with excess irritation, containing specific amounts of hydrocolloid and pullulan (disintegrator). CONSTITUTION:The titled preparation containing 0.05-25wt% based on sum of the preparation of a medicinal component (e.g. nystatin or triamcinolone acetonide), 0.5-60wt% hydrocolloid (e.g. gelatin, cellulose ether or acrylic acid polymer), 0.5-30wt% pullulan and an ointment base such as thickening- containing mineral oil, etc. when the preparation is applied to a given site in the oral cavity, the hydrocolloid and the medicinal component are released by the aid of the pullulan and water and the preparation is bonded and maintained at the action site. The amounts of the hydrocolloid and the pullulan blended are 18-44wt% and 2-27wt%, respectively.