anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVES: Despite strengthening HIV prevention with the introduction of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), STI services have remained relatively unchanged and the standard of care remains syndromic management. We used a discrete choice experiment to investigate service users' preferences for the diagnosis and treatment of STIs in South Africa.
METHODS: Between 1 March 2021 and 20 April 2021, a cross-sectional online questionnaire hosted on REDCap was administered through access links sent to WhatsApp support groups for HIV PrEP users and attendees of two primary healthcare clinics and two mobile facilities in the Eastern Cape and Gauteng provinces aged between 18 and 49 years. Participants either self-completed the questionnaire or received support from a research assistant. We used a conditional logit model for the initial analysis and latent class model (LCM) to establish class memberships, with results displayed as ORs and probabilities.
RESULTS: We enrolled 496 individuals; the majority were female (69%) and <30 years (74%). The LCM showed two distinct groups. The first group, comprising 68% of the participants, showed a strong preference for self-sampling compared with no sampling (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.88). A clinic follow-up appointment for treatment was less preferable to same-day treatment (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.95). Contact slip from index patient (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.96) and healthcare professional (HCP)-initiated partner notification (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.73) were both less preferable than expedited partner treatment (EPT). The second group included 32% of participants with a lower preference for self-sampling compared with no sampling (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.04). There was no treatment option that was significantly different from the others; however, there was a strong preference for HCP-initiated partner notification to EPT (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.12).
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that service users preferred STI testing prior to treatment, with the majority preferring self-taken samples and receiving aetiology-based treatment on the same day.
BACKGROUND: The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) total score is a widely used measure of functional status in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Motor Neuron Disease (ALS), but recent evidence has raised doubts about its validity. The objective was to examine the measurement properties of the ALSFRS-R, aiming to produce valid measurement from all 12 scale items.
METHOD: Longitudinal ALSFRS-R data were collected between 2013-2020 from 1120 people with ALS recruited from 35 centers, together with other scales in the Trajectories of Outcomes in Neurological Conditions-ALS (TONiC-ALS) study. The ALSFRS-R was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Rasch Analysis (RA) and Mokken scaling.
RESULTS: No definite factor structure of the ALSFRS-R was confirmed by CFA. RA revealed the raw score total to be invalid even at the ordinal level because of multidimensionality; valid interval level subscale measures could be found for the Bulbar, Fine-Motor and Gross-Motor domains but the Respiratory domain was only valid at an ordinal level. All four domains resolved into a single valid, interval level measure by using a bifactor RA. The smallest detectable difference was 10.4% of the range of the interval scale.
CONCLUSION: A total ALSFRS-R ordinal raw score can lead to inferential bias in clinical trial results due to its non-linear nature. On the interval level transformation, more than 5 points difference is required before a statistically significant detectable difference can be observed. Transformation to interval level data should be mandatory in clinical trials.
OBJECTIVE: In the treatment of chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), complete wound healing is an important goal. Although foot perfusion status seems to be important for wound healing, the Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) of the Global Vascular Guidelines does not include pedal artery status for the staging process due to the lack of sufficient evidence of its importance. This study aimed to clarify the importance of pedal perfusion status after bypass surgery.
METHODS: Among the 153 CLTI cases that underwent bypass distal to popliteal arteries from 2014 to 2018, 117 CLTI limbs with wounds and with sufficient pedal angiographic data were enrolled. They were classified into two groups, based on the wound status 6 months postoperatively; early wound healing group (EWG; n = 78), which achieved complete wound healing within 6 months postoperatively, and prolonged healing or unhealed wounds group (PWG; n = 39), which failed to achieve wound healing within 6 months. Various factors associated with wound healing, including the wound, ischemia, and foot infection (WIfI) classification, intraoperative graft flow, and pedal angiographic data, were analyzed. Regarding pedal angiographic data, in addition to the GLASS inframalleolar/pedal disease descriptor (IPD), newly formed classification system of the pedal circulation status in association with the location of wounds was included: pedal circulation status was classified into two groups as visualized arterial perfusion towards wounds (visualized perfusion) and non-visualized arterial perfusion towards wounds (non-visualized perfusion).
RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed preoperative albumin (Odds ratio [OR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.94; P = .027), higher WIfI clinical stage (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.74-10.1; P = .0005), higher IPD (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.16-4.02; P = .012), and non-visualized perfusion to wounds (OR, 5.74: 95% CI, 2.45-14.0; P < .0001) as significant for prolonged wound healing. Multivariate analysis showed higher WIfI stage (OR, 5.04; 95% CI, 1.74-14.6; P = .0029) and non-visualized perfusion to wounds (OR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.71-11.0; P = .0021) as significant, whereas IPD was not detected as significant. Regarding blood supply to the foot, although graft flow was significantly lower in IPD-P2 than IPD-P0/P1, graft flow was similar regardless of the status of angiographic circulation to wounds, suggesting that distribution of blood supply to the wound would be more important than total amount of blood supply to the foot for wound healing.
CONCLUSIONS: WIfI clinical stage and pedal circulatory environment were important factors for wound healing after bypass surgery. Pedal anatomical classification system including perfusion status would be important for decision making in CLTI treatment.
Patients should be informed of the availability of a Medication Guide, and they should be instructed to read it prior to taking tiagabine HCl. The complete text of the Medication Guide is provided at the end of this labeling.

Suicidal Thinking and Behavior: Patients, their caregivers, and families should be counseled that AEDs, including tiagabine HCl, may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior and should be advised of the need to be alert for the emergence or worsening of symptoms of depression, any unusual changes in mood or behavior, or the emergence of suicidal thoughts, behavior, or thoughts about self-harm. Behaviors of concern should be reported immediately to healthcare providers.

Patients should be advised that tiagabine HCl may cause dizziness, somnolence, and other symptoms and signs of CNS depression. Accordingly, patients should be advised neither to drive nor to operate other complex machinery until they have gained sufficient experience on tiagabine HCl to gauge whether or not it affects their mental and/or motor performance adversely. Because of the possible additive depressive effects, caution should also be used when patients are taking other CNS depressants in combination with tiagabine HCl.

Because teratogenic effects were seen in the offspring of rats exposed to maternally toxic doses of tiagabine and because experience in humans is limited, patients should be advised to notify their physicians if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant during therapy.

Because of the possibility that tiagabine may be excreted in breast milk, patients should be advised to notify those providing care to themselves and their children if they intend to breastfeed or are breastfeeding an infant.

Patients should be encouraged to enroll in the North American Antiepileptic Drug (NAAED) Pregnancy Registry if they become pregnant. This registry is collecting information about the safety of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. To enroll, patients can call the toll free number 1-888-233-2334 (see PRECAUTIONS, Pregnancy).
The invention relates to an erythrocyte generating characteristic-free erythropoietin with a nervous protecting function and an application thereof. The erythropoietin is an allosteric variant generated by the mutation of at least one of the three areas and other 28 interspersed loci of a wild type human erythropoietin and the three areas are as follows: (1) VLQRY: No. 11-15 amino acid of the human erythropoietin; (2) TKVNFYAW: No. 44-51 amino acid of the human erythropoietin; and (3) SGLRSLTTL: No. 100-108 amino acid of the human erythropoietin. The invention has the nervous protecting function but does not have the erythrocyte generating function, prevents the formation of secondary thrombus caused by general erythropoietin and improves the safety of clinical application; the treatment crowd is expanded so that a cerebral apoplexy patient which has higher blood viscosity and can not carry out treatment by the general erythropoietin is treated; and the invention sill has the effect ofobviously improving the nervous function by being taken after 48 hours and can be injected for a long time without simulating the blood system.
Autism is a developmental disability. Research demonstrated that children with autism benefit from early diagnosis and early intervention. Genetic factors are considered major contributors to the development of autism. Machine learning (ML), including deep learning (DL), has been evaluated in phenotype prediction, but this method has been limited in its application to autism. We developed a DL model, the Separate Translated Autism Research Neural Network (STAR-NN) model to predict autism status. The model was trained and tested using whole exome sequencing data from 43,203 individuals (16,809 individuals with autism and 26,394 non-autistic controls). Polygenic scores from common variants and the aggregated count of rare variants on genes were used as input. In STAR-NN, protein truncating variants, possibly damaging missense variants and mild effect missense variants on the same gene were separated at the input level and merged to one gene node. In this way, rare variants with different level of pathogenic effects were treated separately. We further validated the performance of STAR-NN using an independent dataset, including 13,827 individuals with autism and 14,052 non-autistic controls. STAR-NN achieved a modest ROC-AUC of 0.7319 on the testing dataset and 0.7302 on the independent dataset. STAR-NN outperformed other traditional ML models. Gene Ontology analysis on the selected gene features showed an enrichment for potentially informative pathways including calcium ion transport.
DOSAGE MUST BE INDIVIDUALIZED. The initial dosage of doxazosin tablets in patients with hypertension and/or BPH is 1 mg given once daily in the a.m. or p.m. This starting dose is intended to minimize the frequency of postural hypotension and first dose syncope associated with doxazosin. Postural effects are most likely to occur between 2 and 6 hours after a dose. Therefore blood pressure measurements should be taken during this time period after the first dose and with each increase in dose. If doxazosin tablets administration is discontinued for several days, therapy should be restarted using the initial dosing regimen.
The control arm will last 7 consecutive nights and days. Participants will be asked to follow normal activity and sleep patterns. Immediately after waking the participants will measure their blood pressure and heart rate variability and complete a sleep diary to characterize subjective sleep quality. A wrist-based activity monitor will measure objective sleep quality during the control arm.
The participants in the sham acupuncture group will visit eight acupuncture sessions over 4 weeks. The acupuncture treatment will be conducted on six control points. The acupressure will be applied with ring-sham press tack needles on three control points. Unlike the acupuncture group 2, partially-individualized manual acupuncture according to the patient's symptoms will not be given but the questions about symptoms will be questioned to patients.
Patients receive avapritinib PO QD on days 1-28. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
INTRODUCTION: Triphallia, a rare congenital anomaly describing the presence of three distinct penile shafts, has been reported only once in the literature. This case report, based on an extensive literature review, describes the serendipitous discovery during cadaveric dissection of the second reported human case of triphallia, distinctly morphologically different from the previous case.
CASE PRESENTATION: Despite the normal appearance of external genitalia on examination, the dissection of a 78-year-old white male revealed a remarkable anatomical variation: two small supernumerary penises stacked in a sagittal orientation posteroinferiorly to the primary penis. Each penile shaft displayed its own corpora cavernosa and glans penis. The primary penis and largest and most superficial of the supernumerary penises shared a single urethra, which coursed through the secondary penis prior to its passage through the primary penis. A urethra-like structure was absent from the smallest supernumerary penis.
CONCLUSION: This case report provides a comprehensive description of the anatomical features of triphallia in a cadaver, shedding light on the morphology, embryology, and clinical implications of this anomaly. Without dissection, this anatomical variation would have remained undiscovered, suggesting the prevalence of polyphallia may be greater than expected. The single tortuous urethra present in this case, as well as the supernumerary and blind ending urethras present in many cases of penile duplication, may pose significant risk of infection, sexual dysfunction, subfertility, and traumatic catheterization.
SIGNIFICANCE: These findings underscore the importance of meticulous anatomical dissections and may act as a resource for anatomists and those studying genitourinary anomalies. Although we can only speculate as to which functional implications this patient may have experienced, understanding such anatomical variations contributes to both knowledge of human anatomy and clinical management should the condition be encountered in living individuals.
Conjunctival fibrosis is a common postoperative complication of glaucoma filtration surgery, resulting in uncontrolled intraocular pressure and surgery failure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying conjunctival fibrosis and to explore novel pharmacologic anti-fibrosis therapies for glaucoma filtration surgery. Herein, the 4-dimensional data-independent acquisition (4D-DIA) quantitative proteomic results, coupled with experimental data, revealed the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced human conjunctival fibroblasts (HConFs). Treatment with ICG-001, a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, effectively inhibited cell proliferation and migration in TGFβ1-treated HConFs. ICG-001 treatment alleviated the increased generation of extracellular matrix proteins induced by TGFβ1. In addition, ICG-001 reduced the expression level of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and inhibited cell contractility in TGFβ1-treated HConFs. Proteomics data further suggested that αB-crystallin (CRYAB) was a downstream target of Wnt/β-catenin, which was up-regulated by TGFβ1 and down-regulated by ICG-001. Immunoblotting assay also indicated that ICG-001 reduced the expressions of ubiquitin and β-catenin in TGFβ1-treated HConFs, implying that CRYAB stabilized β-catenin by inhibiting its ubiquitination degradation. Exogenous CRYAB promoted cell viability, increased extracellular matrix protein levels, and up-regulated α-SMA expression of HConFs under TGFβ1 stimulation. CRYAB rescued TGFβ1-induced fibrotic responses that were suppressed by ICG-001. In conclusion, this study elucidates the regulatory mechanism of the Wnt/β-catenin/CRYAB pathway in conjunctival fibrosis, offering promising therapeutic targets for mitigating bleb scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery.
The present invention relates to a preparation technology and a production method for an integrated new formulation of a white tiger and genseng decoction, wherein the raw materials of active ingredients comprise: 18 parts by weight of anemarrhena, 30 parts by weight of gypsum, 6 parts by weight of licorice, 12 parts by weight of polished rice, and 9 parts by weight of genseng. The production process of the integrated new formulation of white tiger and genseng decoction comprises the following steps of: supersonic air-jet crushing, alcohol-water extraction, ultrasonic crushing extraction, water decocting concentration, supersonic spray drying, nanometer grinding, high pressure homogenization, nano particle preparation and the like. According to the invention, the advantages, such as multi-synergism, multi-target, embodied by a nano-carrier coupling technique, are focused to be taken of. After the integrated new formulation of white tiger and genseng decoction is subjected to scale production, the production cost can be greatly reduced, the quality of products is greatly improved and the targeting property, and the sustained and controlled release performance of the medicament are enhanced. The internal and external administration of the integrated new formulation of white tiger and genseng decoction can be realized simultaneously, and the medicament can be separately taken in four time slices according to the midnight-noon ebb-flow and qi and the blood flowing rule of a human body. The integrated new formulation of white tiger and genseng decoction can be further prepared into films and transdermal agents, which are respectively stuck to different parts of a human body according to the midnight-noon ebb-flow and qi and blood flowing rule of the human body, and can be directly absorbed through skin.
The control group will perform the structured three-dimensional scoliosis exercise, core stabilization, and balance exercise with conventional methods at the clinic and home setting for twenty-four weeks. In the clinical setting, patients will perform their exercise for 2 days a week for 12 weeks, 1 day a week for the next 12 weeks, under the supervision of a physiotherapist. Patients will be asked to perform their exercises as a home exercise program on the remaining days (home exercise program 3 days a week for the first 12 weeks, 4 days a week after week 12).
The invented medicinal powder for treating headache consists (by wt. portion) of glauber-salt 2, Ligusticum wallichii 1, root of Dahurian angelica 1, Schizonepeta tenuifolia 1 and rhizoma ligustici 1. Said invention also disclosed the prepn. method of said medicinal powder. The administration of said medicinal powder is from two nostrils. The headache will be alleviated or dispelled after 1-5 min., it features safety, without any side effect and not limited by age, sex, being pregnant and lactation period.
Colorectal cancer is common among older adults, and with the aging global population, the number of elderly individuals diagnosed with this condition continues to rise. Current treatment guidelines identify surgery as the primary approach for managing non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Previous studies have shown that factors like advanced age, frailty, comorbidities, and nutritional status can predict surgical outcomes. However, in patients over 80 years old with non-metastatic colorectal cancer, questions remain regarding the definition of advanced age and frailty, the applicability of existing assessment tools to this specific group, and the determination of optimal cut-off values, all of which require further validation. Furthermore, there is a shortage of effective outpatient screening tools to identify vulnerable patients and provide reliable guidance for predicting postoperative survival. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine which preoperative factors are associated with one-year postoperative mortality in patients aged ≥80 years undergoing curative surgery and compare outcomes between patients with or without risk factors.
Combining fasting with chemotherapy is known to cause complete tumor regression and long-term survival in animal models. According to the Differential Stress Sensitization (DSS) theory, acute fasting sensitizes tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation, while protecting healthy cells by increasing stress resistance. These effects are believed to be largely mediated via the Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1) pathway. However, extended fasting can be challenging for patients and poses undue health risks. A number of alternative intermittent fasting regimens have been proposed to overcome the challenges of prolonged caloric restriction. One promising approach is time-restricted eating (TRE), which involves eating within a period of 10 hours or less, followed by fasting for at least 14 hours daily. TRE does not involve extended caloric restriction, and because of its simplicity, it may be more sustainable than other fasting regimens. TRE improves several cardiometabolic endpoints independent of calorie restriction in both animals and humans, including insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, fat oxidation, and hunger. Our team's pilot and feasibility trials suggest that TRE may also have anti-cancer effects: it decreases IGF-1 levels, reduces oxidative stress, upregulates antioxidant defenses, and enhances autophagy. Moreover, our data suggest TRE is sustainable, as participants were adherent 6.0 plus or minus 0.8 days/week over a 14-week period. These findings lead to the following provocative question: Can TRE reduce treatment-related toxicity, induce tumor regression, and improve both patient-reported and clinical outcomes? We propose to conduct the largest randomized controlled trial of any form of intermittent fasting in patients undergoing cancer treatment. We focus on patients with localized rectal or breast cancer because it is one of the few treatment paradigms in which tumor characteristics can be measured before and after chemoradiation therapy.
The invention discloses an extraction method of extracting natural substances through a saccharide water solution. The extraction method includes the steps of selecting extraction materials, setting an extraction object, controlling the concentration and the temperature of the saccharide water solution, impregnating the natural substances and concentrating an extract liquid. The extraction method can economically and effectively extract the natural substances without high temperature and high pressure and is less in destroying of nutrients. Meanwhile, by means of the saccharide water solution as the extraction solvent, components in the natural substances is converted into molecular compounds which are easier to absorb by human body, so that by means of the extract for producing other functionalized food products, no extra sugar needs to add so that the production process is more simple, thereby increasing product unit value. In addition, the extracted components from the natural substances are converted into molecular compounds better, thereby improving absorption rate in body. The natural substances also can provide magnesium, calcium, potassium, iron, zinc and such elements to human body.