anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Following bariatric surgery, positive alterations are observed in gut microbiota, intestinal peptides, and inflammatory cytokines. Previous studies demonstrate that prebiotic use alone in a tolerable dose (which is 10 g/day) among obese, overweight, or diabetic individuals accelerated the weight loss by reducing hunger and food intake. Furthermore, it could also contribute to the improvement of glucose homeostasis by increase postprandial PYY and GLP-1 levels. Prebiotics feeds healthy intestinal bacteria and enhances their positive effects. The present positive effects appear with SCFAs that stimulates PYY and GLP-1 release and produced by fermentation of prebiotics by bacteria. From this point forth, it was hypothesized that post-operative pre-probiotic usage may enhance the effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). In addition, administration of pre-probiotics following RYGB may be considered as a simple and cheap treatment support, especially for protecting patients with poor medicine compliance against nutritional deficiencies, as well as for diabetic patients whose glucose regulations deteriorate in the long term, and for those who regain weight.

With the result that the effects of prebiotic supplementation on metabolic results of RYGB surgery in this prospective, randomized, controlled study with a duration of 24 weeks were tested.
BACKGROUND: Recent clinical studies have suggested that the risk of developing HCC might be lower in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate than in patients receiving entecavir, although there is no difference in biochemical and virological remission between the 2 drugs.
METHODS: The effects of nucleoside analogs (NsAs; lamivudine and entecavir) or nucleotide analogs (NtAs; adefovir disoproxil, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and tenofovir alafenamide) on cell growth and the expression of growth signaling molecules in hepatoma cell lines and PXB cells were investigated in vitro. The tumor inhibitory effects of NsAs or NtAs were evaluated using a mouse xenograft model, and protein phosphorylation profiles were investigated. The binding of NsAs or NtAs to the insulin receptor (INSR) was investigated by thermal shift assays.
RESULTS: NtAs, but not NsAs, showed direct growth inhibitory effects on hepatoma cell lines in vitro and a mouse model in vivo. A phosphoprotein array revealed that INSR signaling was impaired and the levels of phosphorylated (p)-INSRβ and downstream molecules phosphorylated (p)-IRS1, p-AKT, p-Gab1, and p-SHP2 were substantially reduced by NtAs. In addition, p-epidermal growth factor receptor and p-AKT levels were substantially reduced by NtAs. Similar findings were also found in PXB cells and nontumor lesions of liver tissues from patients with chronic hepatitis B. Prodrug NtAs, but not their metabolites (adefovir, adefovir monophosphate, adefovir diphosphate, tenofovir, tenofovir monophosphate, and tenofovir diphosphate), had such effects. A thermal shift assay showed the binding of NtAs to INSRβ.
CONCLUSIONS: NtAs (adefovir disoproxil, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and tenofovir alafenamide), which are adenine derivative acyclic nucleotide analogs, potentially bind to the ATP-binding site of growth factor receptors and inhibit their autophosphorylation, which might reduce the risk of HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key regulator of energy metabolism. Recent studies suggested that serum FGF21 levels increase with declining renal function. However, the link between FGF21 and kidney diseases and the direct effect of FGF21 in renal fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, FGF21 was upregulated in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis and cellular fibrosis induced by transforming growth factor-β, and renal expression of FGF21 was positively correlated with fibrosis markers. Additionally, FGF21 was regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The knockdown and overexpression of FGF21 in mouse tubular epithelial cells demonstrated that FGF21 alleviates renal fibrosis by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. To investigate the effect of FGF21 on renal fibrosis in vivo, we established an overexpression model by injecting the plasmid in mice and found that FGF21 overexpression relieved UUO-induced renal fibrosis and renal inflammatory response. Taken together, FGF21 is upregulated with the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and alleviates renal fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in a negative feedback mode. These results provide a new understanding for the source of elevated serum FGF21 in patients with chronic kidney disease and prove that FGF21 is a direct inhibitor of the progression of renal fibrosis, thus providing novel therapeutic intervention insights for renal fibrosis.
In Japan, Duphaston® Tablets have appeared in 1965 for the treatment of endometriosis and been used at some medical institutions. However, after releasing of danazol in the early 1980's and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists in the late 1980's, pseudomenopause therapy became mainstream because of its high efficacy. However, pseudopregnancy therapy was recognized again due to adverse reactions associated with pseudomenopause therapy. After 2000, low-dose estrogen/progestin (LEP) combination drugs (as LEP products, ethinylestradiol/norethisterone combination drug and ethinylestradiol/drospirenone combination drug) and dienogest have been utilized as drugs that are safer and can be administered for a long time. In recent years, Duphaston® Tablets are increasing recognized again from the viewpoints of its efficacy and safety because the drug has no effect to inhibit ovulation or effect on basal body temperature, a diagnosis of ovulation and other conditions may be made by following up basal body temperature, and pregnancy may be achieved even during treatment with Duphaston. As previously mentioned, Duphaston® Tablets are an old drug, and there are only few clinical data from Japanese patients; thus, its latest clinical efficacy and safety data are being demanded again mainly by obstetrician-gynecologists.
Neuroprotective drugs are disclosed with at least 3 branches extending outwardly from a center atom or group, each branch having a guanidino group at its terminus. All branches preferably should be identical, and distributed around the center atom or group in a radial manner. Three branches can be bonded to a nitrogen atom, or four branches can be coupled to a carbon atom; other center groups include stable aromatic, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, or bicyclic structures. Starting reagents are disclosed with a center atom or group, and with reactive groups (such as primary amines or hydroxyl groups) at the ends of short 'spacer chains' bonded to the center atom or group. Reagents derived from arginine (an amino acid having a terminal guanidino group) can be bonded to these center components, using protective groups on the arginyl reagents to ensure desired final products with accessible guanidino groups at the ends of spacer chains. Alternately, guanylating agents can be used to directly convert primary amine groups at the ends of spacer chains, on starting reagents, into guanidino groups. These drugs can be injected intravenously into patients suffering from ischemic or hypoxic crises (stroke, cardiac arrest, loss of blood, suffocation, etc.), and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and suppress the entry of calcium into CNS neurons via N-type and P/Q type calcium channels, thereby reducing excitotoxic damage in the CNS. These drugs are also useful for suppressing other types of unwanted excessive neuronal activation, such as neuropathic pain.
Our research investigates the societal implications of access to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, particularly in light of recent clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of semaglutide in reducing cardiovascular mortality. A decade-long analysis of Google Trends indicates a significant increase in searches for GLP-1 agonists, primarily in North America. This trend contrasts with the global prevalence of obesity. Given the high cost of GLP-1 agonists, a critical question arises: Will this disparity in medication accessibility exacerbate the global health equity gap in obesity treatment? This viewpoint explores strategies to address the health equity gap exacerbated by this emerging medication. Because GLP-1 agonists hold the potential to become a cornerstone in obesity treatment, ensuring equitable access is a pressing public health concern.
A photopolymerization system includes a catheter having a proximal inflatable member, a distal inflatable member, a fluid delivery lumen, and a fluid drainage lumen. The fluid delivery lumen includes at least one delivery port and the fluid drainage lumen at least one drainage port. The ports are positioned between the proximal inflatable member and the distal inflatable member. A light emission member is positioned adjacent the catheter. In a method of treating a vascular condition, the catheter is delivered to a treatment site within a vessel. The first and second inflatable members are expanded to form an enclosed treatment space within the vessel. Fluid is delivered to the treatment space through fluid delivery lumen. Excess fluid is removed from the treatment space through the fluid drainage lumen. The treatment space is exposed to light. A portion of the fluid is polymerized within the treatment space upon exposure to the light.
During the Bi-Manu-Track training (BMT), participant will use both nonparetic and paretic hands. Participants will receive 5-munite of muscle tone normalization preparation and passive range of motion, then will practice about 5-minute in Mode 1, 25-minute in Mode 2, and 5-minute in Mode 3 in wrist and forearm respectively. The training repetitions of each mode fall within the range of the protocols used in previous studies which would not cause adverse events (Hesse et al., 2005). The total minutes of each robot-assisted will be 70 minutes. After each BMT session, a 15 min functional task practice will be provided based on the same principles as the one in the IMT group.
A process is provided for gaining third party authorization for a medical intervention for a patient. The process includes a dialogue between a user and a computer, facilitated by an algorithm in the computer. A user enters into the computer medical information about the patient and an authorization request for a medical intervention for the patient. The algorithm generates one or more questions responsive to the information and authorization request, directed to refining an assessment of whether the medical intervention is indicated. The user enters into the computer one or more answers responsive to the one or more questions. The algorithm generates feedback responsive to the one or more answers. The feedback instructs the user as to whether or not the medical intervention is indicated. The algorithm permits the user to withdraw the request throughout the process but ultimately grants the request if the user does not withdraw the request.
Bites from  Amblyomma americanum , a hard tick, have been associated with a Lyme disease-like illness in the southeastern and south-central United States. Present in 2% of ticks collected in four states were uncultivable spirochetes. Through use of the polymerase chain reaction, partial sequences of the flagellin and 16s rRNA genes of microorganisms from Texas and New Jersey were obtained. The sequences showed that the spirochete was a Borrelia sp. but distinct from other known members of this genus, including  B. burgdorferi , the agent of Lyme disease. Species-specific differences in the sequences of the flagellin protein, the flagellin gene and the 16s rRNA gene between the new Borrelia species and previously known species provide compositions and methods for assay for determining the presence of this new spirochete, or for providing evidence of past or present infection by this spirochete in animal reservoirs and humans.
Vaccine compositions comprising isolated Salmonella spp. cell culture supernatant for the prevention and treatment of Salmonella spp. infection are provided. The culture supernatant is produced under Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) inducing conditions by incubating Salmonella spp. cells in a low phosphate and low magnesium medium (LPM). Methods for reducing colonization and shedding of Salmonella spp. in a subject by administration of the vaccine compositions are also provided.
Ten subjects will be randomly assigned in a ratio of 4:1 to receive 45mg of PA1010 tablets or 45mg of PA1010 placebo tablets. They will be administered a single dose and observed for four days.
Investigators will conduct a six-month randomized control trial (RCT) exercise intervention. Thirty older adults (aged 60-80) at-risk for diabetes will be randomly assigned into one of two groups: 1) Resistance training, or 2) Balance and Tone training (control). All participants will engage in three one-hour exercise classes per week. Once a month, a neutral assessor will visit the classes to evaluate the quality of the classes for participants. Assessments will be made at baseline, midpoint (three months) and trial completion (six months), and will include cognitive testing, health questionnaires, physical testing, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; to assess structural and functional brain changes). Throughout the study, investigators will examine data for trends in successful recruitment strategies and rates of recruitment and adherence to inform future clinical trials in this population. Research assistants (n = 30) in the study will complete an anonymous feedback survey upon completion of their volunteer term, to assist in improving the study for future participants and volunteers.
Participants will be evaluated with the "Postural Stability Test", "Limits of Stability Test", "Sensory Integration Test" and "Bilateral Comparison Test" within the AlBalance and Biodex Balance Evaluation System. To calculate the test-retest reliability and validity of the devices, these measurements will be made by the same evaluator in two sessions, 7 days apart. To eliminate the learning effect, participants who try AlBalance first in the first session will be the first to try Biodex in the second session (reverse test order will be used). Participants who complete all evaluations with the first device will rest for 5 minutes and move on to the other device. Then, parallel clinical tests will be applied to the participants, "Functional Reaching Test" and "One Leg Standing Test". The relationship of outcome measurements between devices and measurements of each test will be evaluated with statistical methods.
Ask patient to breathe in and out gently through nose if he/she can. If patient breathe out through their mouth. Ask patient to let go of any tension in body with each breath out. Gradually try to make the breaths slower. Ask patient to take a long, slow, deep breath in, through nose. Try to keep chest and shoulders relaxed. Repeat 3-5 times. Huff is exhaling through an open mouth and throat instead of coughing. It helps move sputum up in airways so that patient can clear it in a controlled way. To 'huff' ask patient to squeeze air quickly from lungs, out through open mouth and throat, as if trying to mist up a mirror or glasses. Ask to use abdominal muscles to help squeeze the air out, but do not force it so much that cause wheezing or tightness in chest. Huffing should always be followed by breathing control.
The invention relates to a skincare cream, a preparation method and a healthcare treatment thereof. The skincare cream is prepared by mixing a water phase component with an oil phase component into the cream, wherein, the water phase component is prepared by 17 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines which are aloe, bear gall, apricot flower, peach blossom, Jordan almond and the like, and the addition of a formula of auxiliary medicines,. with an oil phase component into the cream, sSimultaneously, the healthcare treatment further comprises using almond masks and taking a red date almond health care soup. The preparation method comprises the following medicinal effective ingredients and steps: mixing 0.5-1 wt% of aloe, 0.02-0.04 wt% of bear gall, 3-5 wt% of apricot flower, 2-3 wt% of peach blossom, 5-7 wt% of Jordan almond, 1-2 wt% of pearl powder, 1-2 wt% of radix trichosanthis, 1-3 wt% of honeysuckle, 1-2 wt% of radix bupleuri, 3-5 wt% of borneol, 1-2 wt% of lithospermum, 3-5 wt% of ginseng, 1-3 wt% of pseudo-ginseng flower, 3-5 wt% of dictyophora, 1-3 wt% of dahurian angelica root, 1-3 wt% of root of divaricate saposhnikovia, and 1-3 wt% of Poria cocos with 42.96-71.48 wt% of acceptable auxiliaries of skin care products to prepare the cream. The healthcare treatment comprises that: 1, the drinking soup is prepared by using 300g of non-glutinous rice, 200g of almond, 5 red dates, 500g of white sugar and 500g of fresh milk and is taken in the morning; and 2, 15g of almond, 3 red dates, 15g of radix trichosanthis and a proper amount of honey are used for applying on the face before bedtime. The mask is prepared by using 6g of almond, 6g of dahurian angelica root, 6g of talcum a proper amount of honey. The skincare cream is used in daytime.
Irinotecan (also known as CPT-11) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor first approved for clinical use as an anticancer agent in 1996. Over the past more than two decades, it has been widely used for combination regimens to treat various malignancies, especially in gastrointestinal and lung cancers. However, severe dose-limiting toxicities, especially gastrointestinal toxicity such as late-onset diarrhea, were frequently observed in irinotecan-based therapy, thus largely limiting the clinical application of this agent. Current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of irinotecan-induced diarrhea is characterized by the complicated metabolism of irinotecan to its active metabolite SN-38 and inactive metabolite SN-38G. A series of enzymes and transporters were involved in these metabolic processes, including UGT1A1 and CYP3A4. Genetic polymorphisms of these metabolizing enzymes were significantly associated with the occurrence of irinotecan-induced diarrhea. Recent discoveries and progress made on the detailed mechanisms enable the identification of potential biomarkers for predicting diarrhea and as such guiding the proper patient selection with a better range of tolerant dosages. In this review, we introduce the metabolic process of irinotecan and describe the pathogenic mechanisms underlying irinotecan-induced diarrhea. Based on the mechanisms, we further outline the potential biomarkers for predicting the severity of diarrhea. Finally, based on the current experimental evidence in preclinical and clinical studies, we discuss and prospect the current and emerging strategies for the prevention of irinotecan-induced diarrhea.
1344558 Coenzyme A/A.T.P. compositions DAINIPPON PHARMACEUTICAL CO Ltd 27 June 1972 [1 July 1971] 29959/72 Heading A5B A composition for treating abnormal lipid and carbohydrate metabolism comprises coenzyme A and adenosine triphosphate. Either ingredient may be present as an alkali metal salt, e.g. sodium ATP salt. The composition may also include calcium guconate or ascorbate as stabilizer. It may be lyophilized and put up in dosage unit form.
BACKGROUND: Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication following major abdominal surgery. The majority of the data available regarding POI after abdominal surgery is from the gastrointestinal and urological literature. These data have been extrapolated to vascular surgery, especially with regard to enhanced recovery programs for open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery. However, vascular patients are a unique patient population and extrapolation of gastrointestinal and urological data may not necessarily be appropriate. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to delineate the prevalence and risk factors of POI in patients undergoing open AAA surgery.
METHODS: This was a retrospective, single-institution study of patients who underwent open AAA surgery from January 2016 to July 2023. Patients were excluded if they had undergone nonelective repairs or had expired within 72 hours of their index operation. The primary outcome was rates of POI, which was defined as the presence of two or more of the following after the third postoperative day: nausea and/or vomiting, inability to tolerate oral food intake, absence of flatus, abdominal distension, or radiological evidence of ileus.
RESULTS: A total of 123 patients met study criteria with an overall POI rate of 8.9% (n = 11). Patients who developed a POI had a significantly lower body mass index (24.3 kg/m2 vs 27.1 kg/m2; P = .003), were more likely to undergo a transperitoneal approach (81.8% vs 42.0%; P = .022), midline laparotomy (81.8% vs 37.5%; P = .008), longer total clamp times (151.6 minutes vs 97.7 minutes; P = .018), greater amounts of intraoperative crystalloid infusion (3495 mL vs 2628 mL; P = .029), and were more likely to return to the operating room (27.3% vs 3.6%; P = .016). Proximal clamp site was not associated with POI (P=.463). Patients with POI also had higher rates of postoperative vasopressor use (100% vs 61.1%; P = .014) and greater amounts of oral morphine equivalents in the first 3 postoperative days (488.0 ± 216.0 mg vs 203.8 ± 29.6 mg; P = .016). Patients who developed POI had longer lengths of stay (12.5 days vs 7.6 days; P < .001), a longer duration of nasogastric tube decompression (5.9 days vs 2.2 days; P < .001), and a longer period of time before diet tolerance (9.1 days vs 3.7 days; P < .001). Of those who developed a POI (n = 11), four (36.4%) required total parental nutrition during the admission.
CONCLUSIONS: POI is a morbid complication among patients undergoing elective open AAA surgery that prolongs hospital stay. Patients at risk for developing a POI are those with a lower body mass index, as well as those who had an operative repair via a transperitoneal approach, midline laparotomy, longer clamp times, larger amounts of intraoperative crystalloid infusion, a return to the operating room, postoperative vasopressor use, and higher amounts of oral morphine equivalents. These data highlight important perioperative opportunities to decrease the prevalence of POI.