anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: Approximately 7.2% of individuals in the U.S. smoke during pregnancy, and cessation is associated with excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). Weight gain is a common reason for not quitting smoking or relapsing. The current study aimed to characterize who is at risk for excessive GWG and determine the moderating effect of rurality given the higher smoking rates and lower access to healthcare services in these areas.
METHODS: Data from the Virginia Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS; years 2009-2020) were used to assess the association between participant characteristics, smoking behaviors, and rurality by excessive GWG status in 2023.
RESULTS: Almost half (44.0%) of participants experienced excessive GWG; 9.8% of participants quit smoking while 6.9% continued smoking. Respondents who quit during pregnancy had higher odds of excessive GWG than non-smoking respondents (OR=1.83, 95% CI: [1.24, 2.71]). Among those who were non-smoking, respondents in rural areas, compared to urban areas, had a higher probability of experiencing excessive GWG (0.46 vs 0.44, p<0.001). For those who quit smoking (0.60 vs 0.41, p<0.001) or continued to smoke during pregnancy (0.46 vs 0.33, p<0.001), urban residence was associated with a higher likelihood of excessive GWG compared to rural residence.
CONCLUSIONS: Smoking cessation and weight management during pregnancy are critical to promoting infant and maternal health. Targeted interventions combining weight management and smoking cessation have been successful among the general population and could be adapted for pregnant individuals who smoke to facilitate cessation and healthy GWG in both urban and rural areas.
Auditory nerve (AN) function has been hypothesized to deteriorate with age and noise exposure. Here, we perform a systematic review of published studies and find that the evidence for age-related deficits in AN function is largely consistent across the literature, but there are inconsistent findings among studies of noise exposure history. Further, evidence from animal studies suggests that the greatest deficits in AN response amplitudes are found in noise-exposed aged mice, but a test of the interaction between effects of age and noise exposure on AN function has not been conducted in humans. We report a study of our own examining differences in the response amplitude of the compound action potential N1 (CAP N1) between younger and older adults with and without a self-reported history of noise exposure in a large sample of human participants (63 younger adults 18-30 years of age, 103 older adults 50-86 years of age). CAP N1 response amplitudes were smaller in older than younger adults. Noise exposure history did not appear to predict CAP N1 response amplitudes, nor did the effect of noise exposure history interact with age. We then incorporated our results into two meta-analyses of published studies of age and noise exposure history effects on AN response amplitudes in neurotypical human samples. The meta-analyses found that age effects across studies are robust (r = -0.407), but noise exposure effects are weak (r = -0.152). We conclude that noise exposure effects may be highly variable depending on sample characteristics, study design, and statistical approach, and researchers should be cautious when interpreting results. The underlying pathology of age-related and noise-induced changes in AN function are difficult to determine in living humans, creating a need for longitudinal studies of changes in AN function across the lifespan and histological examination of the AN from temporal bones collected post-mortem.
Citric acid reacts with choline bicarbonate in equimolar quantities, in aq. medium and at ambient temperature, to produce choline dihydrogen citrate. This then reacts with an aq. suspension of ferric hydroxide in 3:2 moles proportions, at 50 to 80 deq.C for between 6 and 12 hours to yield choline 2:3:3 ferric citrate. The yellow-green solid is precipitated with a mixture of acetone and methyl alcohol. It is used for treatment of iron deficiency.
INTRODUCTION: Anti-IgLON5 disease is a recently described neurological disorder with multisystemic features. The disease is characterized by the presence of IgLON5 antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Our objective is to describe in detail the otorhinolaryngological manifestations of this disease, which are frequent and may include dysphagia, dysarthria, vocal cord paralysis and laryngospasm.
METHODS: In this study, we present a series of 9 patients with anti-IgLON5 disease and otolaryngological manifestations. Patients were evaluated between July 2012 and March 2022 by video-polysomnography, fiber-optic laryngoscopy, and functional endoscopic evaluation of swallowing.
RESULTS: The median age was 71 years, and 5 (56%) were female. Video-polysomnography showed a NREM/REM parasomnia in 6 patients (67%), obstructive sleep apnea in 8 (88%), stridor during sleep in 7 (78%) and central apneas in 1 (11%). Six out of the 9 patients (67%) presented episodes of acute respiratory failure that required mechanical ventilation, 6 had vocal fold palsy with 4 of them requiring tracheostomy (3 had to be performed on an emergency basis). Dysphagia occurred in 8 patients (89%). Prominent upper airway secretion and sialorrhea was also present in 3 cases.
CONCLUSION: The anti-IgLON5 disease exhibits extensive otolaryngological symptoms, mainly affecting the upper airway. These symptoms affect the quality of life and can be life-threatening. Prompt acute management is essential for stridor, dyspnea, and dysphagia. Given the potential severity of the symptoms and rarity of the disease, it is important for otolaryngologists to be familiar with anti-IgLON5 disease.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4.
The application belongs to the technical fields of biological medicine and molecular biology, and particularly relates to application of AF9 in AML diagnosis and treatment. The application finds that AF9 and leukemia occurrence are related to poor prognosis in AML patients, and that in vivo and in vitro AF9 undergoes liquid-gel phase transition. At the same time, it was demonstrated that the AF9 (3A) mutant lost the ability to recognize acetylated proteins, nor was it able to form glue-like particles, and thus was unable to promote proliferation and drug resistance of AML cells. Finally, the AF9 and tremc complex is necessary for proper folding, with important roles in the liquid-gel phase transition of AF9 and promotion of AML. AF9 (59-78) peptides inhibit AML by preventing binding to TRiC, interfering with AF9 folding, reversing the phase change of AF9 fluid gel into a fluid-fluid phase change. The results of the application show that AF9 (59-78) peptide is a potential therapeutic tool for AML, and thus has good practical application value.
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), acting through the Met receptor, plays an important role in most human solid tumors and inappropriate expression of this ligand-receptor pair is often associated with poor prognosis. The molecular basis for the malignant activity imparted by signaling of HGF/SF-Met in cancer cells has been attributed to its mitogenic and invasive properties. However, HGF/SF also induces angiogenesis, but the signaling mechanism has not been understood, nor has this activity been directly associated with HGF/SF-Met mediated tumorigenesis. HGF/SF induces expression in vitro of VEGF, a key agonist of tumor angiogenesis. By contrast, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a negative regulator of angiogenesis. This application discloses that, in the very same tumor cells, in addition to inducing VEGF expression, HGF/SF dramatically down regulates TSP-1 expression. TSP shut off plays an important, extrinsic role in HGF/SF-mediated tumor development, as ectopic expression of TSP-1 markedly inhibited tumor formation through the suppression of angiogenesis. While VEGF induced expression is sensitive to inhibitors of several pathways, including MAP kinase, PI3 kinase and Stat3, TSP-1 shut off by HGF/SF is prevented solely by inhibiting MAP kinase activation. Thus HGF/SF is a "switch" for turning on angiogenesis. TSP-1 is a useful antagonist to tumor angiogenesis, and therefore TSP-1 and agonist peptides and mimics, as well as inducers of TSP-1, have therapeutic value when used in conjunction with inhibitors of VEGF.
Topical antimicrobials and antiseptics are used perioperatively to reduce the ocular surface bacteria flora (OSBF) that are involved in the development of post-operative infectious complications. However, their effectiveness is still a controversial topic. This systematic review, performed according to the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO, aims to provide an overview of the efficacy of the agents currently used in peri-cataract surgery and -intravitreal injections (IVI) in lowering the OSBF. Although effective in lowering OSBF, perioperative topical antimicrobials are associated with the risk of resistance development, with no obvious additional benefit compared with topical antisepsis. Conversely, the effectiveness of topical antiseptics before cataract surgery and IVI is strongly supported. Based on the available evidence, perioperative antimicrobials are not recommended, whereas the perioperative use of antiseptics is strongly recommended as prophylactic treatment for lowering the infection due to OSBF. Post-operative antimicrobials may be considered in eyes at higher risk for infection.
Cohort 2 will include 15 sedentary participants in active treatment. All participants will be provided a Fitbit. Participants will then be provided daily SMS text messaging tailored to their activity levels for 12 weeks.
FEZF2 encodes a transcription factor critical to neurodevelopment that regulates other neurodevelopment genes. Rare variants in FEZF2 have previously been suggested to play a role in autism, and cases of 3p14 microdeletions that include FEZF2 share a neurodevelopmental phenotype including mild dysmorphic features and intellectual disability. We identified seven heterozygous predicted deleterious variants in FEZF2 (three frameshifts, one recurrent missense in two independent cases, one nonsense, and one complete gene deletion) in unrelated individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders including developmental delay/intellectual disability, autism, and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity. Variants were confirmed to be de novo in five of seven cases and paternally inherited from an affected father in one. Predicted deleterious variants in FEZF2 may affect the expression of genes that are involved in fate choice pathways in developing neurons, and thus contribute to the neurodevelopmental phenotype. Future studies are needed to clarify the mechanism by which FEZF2 leads to this neurodevelopmental disorder.
PURPOSE: To mass-produce a fruit body of Cordyceps sinensis Sacc. having uniform form at a low cost by grinding mycelium produced by artificial culture, inoculating the mycelium into a culturing substrate consisting of chrysalis after several days from pupation and growing the mycelium into a fruit body. CONSTITUTION: Cordyceps sinensis Sacc. (e.g. Cordyceps militaris) is artificially cultured by a method inoculating a sterilized culturing substrate of chrysalis system with original fungi of Cordyceps sinensis Sacc. and culturing the fungi under dark conditions to produce a mycelium. Then, the mycelium is subjected to pulverizing treatment, preferably together with the culturing substrate and inoculated into a culturing substrate consisting of chrysalis after several days from pupation (preferably silkworm chriysalis) to grow the mycelium into a fruit body.  The pulverized mycelium is grown into the fruit body by culturing the mycelium under dark conditions of 10 deg.C for 30 days to form the mycelium over whole the culturing substrate, carrying out culture at 20 deg.C and 400-600 lux until all mycelia exhibit red color and embedding the mycelium into vermiculite-like soil together with fresh chriysalis which is the culturing substrate and culturing the mycelium.
Participants will receive semaglutide as an adjunct to standard-of-care. Estimated trial duration for an individual subject is from 31 to 59 months.
The pathogen of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis), which has the characteristics of diffuse infiltration and growth and has a high mortality rate. At present, the role of macrophages in AE infection has attracted more and more attention, but the new biomarkers and polarization mechanisms of macrophages are rarely studied. In this study, CIBERSORT and WGCNA algorithms were used to establish a weighted gene co-expression network, and MTLN was identified as a biological marker of M2-type macrophages, which participated in energy metabolism of macrophages and mediated inflammatory response, but the role of MTLN in AE was not studied. In this study, liver tissue samples from AE patients were collected and immunofluorescence co-localization showed the relationship between MTLN and macrophage distribution. E. multilocularis infected mouse model was established to analyze the expression of MTLN, liver fibrosis, and inflammatory reaction after E. multilocularis infection. The cell experiment simulated the liver microenvironment of E. multilocularis infected human body and analyzed the expression of MTLN by QRT-PCR and western blot in vitro. The data showed that liver fibrosis occurred in AE patients, and MTLN was activated near the focus. After E. multilocularis infected mice, the expression of MTLN increased with time. In the cell experiment, after the antigen of E. multilocularis protoscolex stimulated normal liver cells, the expression of MTLN increased 48 h, at this time, M2 was up-regulated and M1 was down-regulated. Therefore, MTLN may be the key gene to regulate the polarization of M2 macrophages and cause fibrosis.
Our pragmatic, parallel-group design is aimed at identifying viable Mtb in bioaerosols produced by individuals attending a TB clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. Bioaerosol sampling will be performed on all eligible individuals presenting with symptoms indicative of TB and repeated at 14 days if initially positive for viable Mtb. Participants will be classified into three distinct groups based on the National TB Control Program (NTBCP) criteria: Group A, TB notification with sputum-based laboratory confirmation; Group B, TB notification with empiric diagnosis; and Group C, individuals not notified. Group C individuals with detectable Mtb bioaerosol will be monitored until resolution of clinical and laboratory status. Collection of bioaerosol specimens will be via two consecutive sampling modalities: (1) direct sampling of a specific respiratory manoeuvre; and (2) indirect sampling following passive respiratory activity and environmental sampling. microscopy. Mtb genomes and mycobacterial and host lipids will be detected using droplet digital PCR and mass spectrometry analyses, respectively. The primary objective is to determine the prevalence of Mtb bioaerosols in all TB clinic attendees and in each of the mutually exclusive groups A, B and C. Secondary objectives are to investigate differences in prevalence of Mtb bioaerosol by HIV status, current isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) use and pre and post initiation of anti-TB chemotherapy.
The effectiveness of HETLIOZ in the treatment of nighttime sleep disturbances in Smith-Magenis Syndrome (SMS) was established in a 9-week, double-blind, placebo- controlled cross-over study in adults and pediatric patients with SMS (Study 3; NCT 02231008). Patients 16 years of age and older received HETLIOZ 20 mg capsules, and pediatric patients 3 years to 15 years of age received a weight-based dose of oral suspension. 

Study 3 had two 4-week periods, separated by a 1-week washout interval. Patients were randomized to a treatment sequence of HELTIOZ in the first period and placebo in the second period, or placebo in the first period and HETLIOZ in the second period. Patients were to take the study drug one hour prior to bedtime. 

The primary endpoints in Study 3 were nighttime total sleep time and nighttime sleep quality from a parent/guardian-recorded diary. Nighttime total sleep time was reported as a time unit in hours and minutes. Nighttime sleep quality was rated as follows: 5 = excellent; 4 = good; 3 = average; 2 = fair; 1 = poor. The efficacy comparisons for nighttime sleep quality and total sleep time were based on the 50% of nights with the worst sleep quality and the 50% of nights with the least nighttime sleep in each 4-week period. In accordance with the cross-over design, the efficacy comparisons were within patient.

A total of 25 patients were randomized in Study 3. During screening, the mean quality score of the 50% of nights with the worst sleep quality was 2.1, and the total sleep time of 50% of nights with the least nighttime sleep was 6.4 hours. 

Compared to placebo, treatment with HETLIOZ resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the 50% worst nights’ sleep quality. Although improvement on the 50% worst total nighttime sleep time numerically favored HETLIOZ treatment, the difference was not statistically significant (Table 4).
This study aims to sample interstitial fluid (IF) of infants undergoing superior cava-pulmonary anastomosis (either Glenn or Hemi-Fontan) cardiac surgical procedures who receive cefazolin as their surgical prophylactic antibiotic. Cefazolin concentrations will then be determined in both microdialysate and plasma samples and used to define the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin at the tissue level and compare that to plasma pharmacokinetics. In addition, the data gathered will be used to assess how cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), deep hypothermic cardiac arrest (DHCA), and modified ultrafiltration (MUF) affect tissue penetration of the prophylactically administered cefazolin.

The study involves the use of microdialysis (MD) and plasma sampling methods to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of cefazolin when used as a prophylactic antibiotic during the second palliation procedure (superior vena cava-pulmonary anastomosis) for infants with single ventricle physiology. This requires the use of microdialysis (MD) catheters inserted into the left deltoid muscle in eligible subjects after the induction of general anesthesia as well as collection of microdialysate and blood samples throughout the duration of the procedure. Cefazolin will be administered as standard of care. Cefazolin concentrations in the collected samples will be measured via a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry assay. Pharmacokinetic analyses will be performed.
Increases in serum transaminases have been reported with NIKITA [see Adverse Reactions (6)]. In most cases, these changes appeared soon after initiation, were transient, were not accompanied by symptoms, and resolved or improved on continued therapy or after a brief interruption in therapy. There have been rare postmarketing reports of fatal and non-fatal hepatic failure in patients taking statins, including NIKITA. 

Patients who consume substantial quantities of alcohol and/or have a history of liver disease may be at increased risk for hepatic injury. 

Consider liver enzyme testing before the initiation of NIKITA and when clinically indicated thereafter. NIKITA is contraindicated in patients with acute liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis [see Contraindications (4)]. If serious hepatic injury with clinical symptoms and/or hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice occurs, promptly discontinue NIKITA.
The study is designed as a single center prospective trial. The participating center is Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China. The study is expected to enroll 200 patients. The feasibility and value of Intraoperative ultrasonographic localization of pulmonary nodules in VATS will be explored. The accuracy rate of localization will be evaluated using gray scale mode and elastography mode. Intraoperative ultrasonographic localization will be performed using an ultrasound system (HI VISON Ascendus), which is equipped with a 5-10MHz mechanical probe (EUP-OL531).
FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to manual therapy, and can be used for treating lumbar pains in skeletal muscles in protrusions of lumbar spine. Method includes hardware traction and introduction of chondroprotector in lumbosacral spine. Patient is preliminarily stretched on an electromechanical vertebral simulator of a swing machine, muscle relaxation for 15–20 minutes, after which a state of rest, passing into rest for 10–15 minutes. Then patient occupies comfortable position on lying on abdomen, doctor is located on interested side and, after the aseptic and antiseptic treatment of the local muscular trigger zone, the doctor, using the Alflutop chondroprotector, introduces it into the myofascial space of the vertebral-motor segment in amount of 2.0 ml for 3–5 minutes, and then the patient rests for 3–5 minutes. After the patient is in a relaxed state with quiet breathing, a manual therapy is performed by the method of translational reversal traction, wherein the doctor fixes the interested muscle of the vertebral-motor segment with protrusion on both sides. Protrusion zone is controlled by the doctor's hands on one side, and the sacral area on the other. After bilateral fixation of the protrusion zone, the doctor, with patient's calm exhalation, performs traction with minimum effort on one side in the sacral direction; this complex approach is repeated 6–8 times on the interested muscle of the spinal motion segment with protrusion, without rest. At the end of this manual approach, the patient rests with a calm breathing rhythm for 4–5 minutes.EFFECT: method provides stopping both paroxysmal pain, and permanent sensoropathic pain syndrome in the back skeletal muscles by a combination of preliminary traction, use of the chondroprotector and manual therapy.1 cl, 2 ex
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a flavan compound-containing composition which does not deteriorate the effects of the flavan compound on living bodies, prevents coagulative precipitation caused by the properties of the flavan compound itself, when used as a liquid agent, and prevents high mol. wt. peptide or protein coagulative precipitation caused by the protein-astringing property of the flavan compound.  <P>SOLUTION: This flavan compound-containing composition comprises the flavan compound comprising at least one of proanthocyanidine and catechin compounds, a protein hydrolyzed peptide having an average mol. wt. of <7,000, and a peptide or protein having an average mol. wt. of ≥7,000.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI