anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Osteo-sarcopenia (OS) has become a global public health problem and a frontier research problem, as a combination of sarcopenia (SP) and osteoporosis (OP) diseases. The clinical performances include muscle weakness, systemic bone pain, standing difficulty, even falls and fractures, etc., which seriously affect the patient's life and work. The pathological mechanism of the OS may be the abnormal metabolism which disrupts the equilibrium stability of the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, this study combined vitamin D (Vit. D) and whole-body vibration training (WBVT) to intervene in subjects of OS, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the diagnosis and treatment protocol and to explore the efficacy mechanism.
METHODS: We propose a multicenter, parallel-group clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Vit. D combined with WBVT intervention in OS. Subjects who met the inclusion or exclusion criteria and signed the informed consent form would be randomly assigned to the WBVT group, Vit. D group, or WBVT+ Vit. D group. All subjects will be treated for 1 month and followed up after 3 and 6 months. The primary outcomes are lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and handgrip strength measured by grip strength meter. Secondary outcomes include serum markers of myostatin (MSTN), irisin and bone turnover markers (BTM), SARC-CalF questionnaire, 1-min test question of osteoporosis risk, patient health status (evaluated by the SF-36 health survey), physical performance measurement that includes 5-time chair stand test, 6-m walk, and the short physical performance battery (SPPB).
DISCUSSION: If Vit. D combined with WBVT can well relieve OS symptoms without adverse effects, this protocol may be a new treatment strategy for OS. After therapeutic intervention, if the serum marker MSTN/irisin is significant, both have the potential to become sensitive indicators for screening OS effective drugs and treatments, which also indicates that WBVT combined with Vit. D plays a role in improving OS by regulating MSTN/irisin.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2400082269 . Registered on March 26, 2024.
PURPOSE: Postoperative complications increase mortality, disability and costs. Advanced understanding of the risk factors for postoperative complications is needed to improve surgical outcomes. This paper discusses the rationale and profile of the BIGPROMISE (biomarkers to guide perioperative management and improve outcome in high-risk surgery) cohort, that aims to investigate risk factors, pathophysiology and outcomes related to postoperative complications.
PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients undergoing major surgery in two tertiary teaching hospitals. Clinical data and blood samples are collected before surgery, at the end of surgery and on the first, second and third postoperative day. At each time point a panel of cardiovascular, inflammatory, renal, haematological and metabolic biomarkers is assessed. Aliquots of plasma, serum and whole blood of each time point are frozen and stored. Data on severe complications are prospectively collected during 30 days after surgery. Functional status is assessed before surgery and after 120 days using the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0. Mortality is followed up until 2 years after surgery.
FINDINGS TO DATE: The first patient was enrolled on 8 October 2021. Currently (1 January 2024) 3086 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 1750 (57%) provided informed consent for study participation. Median age was 66 years (60; 73), 28% were female, and 68% of all patients were American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class 3. Most common types of major surgery were cardiac (49%) and gastro-intestinal procedures (26%). The overall incidence of 30-day severe postoperative complications was 16%.
FUTURE PLANS: By the end of the recruitment phase, expected in 2026, approximately 3000 patients with major surgery will have been enrolled. This cohort allows us to investigate the role of pathophysiological perioperative processes in the cause of postoperative complications, and to discover and develop new biomarkers to improve risk stratification for adverse postoperative outcomes.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05199025.
This review scrutinizes the intricate interplay between the microbiome and the human body, exploring its multifaceted dimensions and far-reaching implications. The human microbiome, comprising diverse microbial communities inhabiting various anatomical niches, is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of human health and disease. Through an extensive examination of current research, this review elucidates the dynamic interactions between the microbiome and host physiology across multiple organ systems. Key topics include the establishment and maintenance of microbiota diversity, the influence of host factors on microbial composition, and the bidirectional communication pathways between microbiota and host cells. Furthermore, we delve into the functional implications of microbiome dysbiosis in disease states, emphasizing its role in shaping immune responses, metabolic processes, and neurological functions. Additionally, this review discusses emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the microbiome to restore host-microbe homeostasis and promote health. Microbiota fecal transplantation represents a groundbreaking therapeutic approach in the management of dysbiosis-related diseases, offering a promising avenue for restoring microbial balance within the gut ecosystem. This innovative therapy involves the transfer of fecal microbiota from a healthy donor to an individual suffering from dysbiosis, aiming to replenish beneficial microbial populations and mitigate pathological imbalances. By synthesizing findings from diverse fields, this review offers valuable insights into the complex relationship between the microbiome and the human body, highlighting avenues for future research and clinical interventions.
BACKGROUND: The effect of tumor budding (TB) on the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) remains unclear. We evaluated the long-term outcomes of patients with superficial ESCC after ESD and the risk factors of TB for the long-term prognosis.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study in a Chinese hospital. All patients with ESCC treated by ESD and reported TB were included consecutively. Comparative analyses were conducted in three parts: specimen analysis, follow-up analyses of unmatched patients, and propensity score-matched (PSM) patients. Cox proportional hazard regression models were constructed to identify risk factors for overall survival and recurrence-free survival (RFS).
RESULTS: A total of 437 patients were enrolled [154 TB and 283 no tumor budding (NTB)], and 258 patients (52 TB and 206 NTB) were included in the follow-up analysis. Results showed that the invasion depth, differentiation type, and positive vascular invasion (all p < 0.001) of the TB group were significantly different from the NTB group. The all-cause mortality and the median RFS time between the two groups were comparable. RFS rate at 5 years were 84.6% and 80.6%, respectively (p = 0.43). Cox analyses identified that having other cancers but not TB, as a risk factor independently associated with overall survival and RFS after ESD.
CONCLUSION: TB tends to be associated with invasion depth, differentiation type, and positive vascular invasion. However, it might not affect the long-term outcomes of patients with superficial ESCC after ESD when other high-risk factors are negative.
BACKGROUND: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex vascular disorder characterized by the progressive dilation of the abdominal aorta, with a high risk of rupture and mortality. Understanding the cellular interactions and molecular mechanisms underlying AAA development is critical for identifying potential therapeutic targets.
METHODS: This study utilized datasets GSE197748, GSE164678 and GSE183464 from the GEO database, encompassing bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data from AAA and control samples. We performed principal component analysis, differential expression analysis, and functional enrichment analysis to identify key pathways involved in AAA. Cell-cell interactions were investigated using CellPhoneDB, focusing on fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and macrophages. We further validated our findings using a mouse model of AAA induced by porcine pancreatic enzyme infusion, followed by gene expression analysis and co-immunoprecipitation experiments.
RESULTS: Our analysis revealed significant alterations in gene expression profiles between AAA and control samples, with a pronounced immune response and cell adhesion pathways being implicated. Single-cell RNA sequencing data highlighted an increased proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages, along with changes in the composition of fibroblasts and VSMCs in AAA. CellPhoneDB analysis identified critical ligand-receptor interactions, notably collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1)/COL1A2-CD18 and thrombospondin 1 (THBS1)-CD3, suggesting complex communication networks between fibroblasts and VSMCs. In vivo experiments confirmed the upregulation of these genes in AAA mice and demonstrated the functional interaction between COL1A1/COL1A2 and CD18.
CONCLUSION: The interaction between fibroblasts and VSMCs, mediated by specific ligand-receptor pairs such as COL1A1/COL1A2-CD18 and THBS1-CD3, plays a pivotal role in AAA pathogenesis.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new compound useful for introducing a substituent group capable of imparting high safety and antimicrobial activity into a quinolone- based synthetic antimicrobial medicine. SOLUTION: This compound is represented by formula I [R<1> and R<2> are each H or the like; (n) is 1-3; Q is a protective group or the like of an amino group; groups of formulas II and III in formula I have cis configuration], preferably 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-[(1S,2S)-2-tertiary butoxycarbonylaminocyclopropyl]pyrrolidine. The compound of formula I is obtained by building, e.g. a substituent group by using cis- cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid derivative as a starting raw material. Either one carboxyl group is converted to amino group by Hofmann rearrangement reaction, etc.  (B) A carboxylic acid substituent group part in which methylene chain is interposed by carbon-increasing reaction is introduced into (A) the other carboxyl group and a substituent group is introduced into the ketone part of the group A capable of converting to amino group and the ketone part is converted to amino group and the part B is subjected to ring-closing reaction with the amino group to convert the ketone part to methylene.
BACKGROUND: Studies of poststroke depression (PSD) in Singapore are limited. Specifically, the dynamic epidemiology and phenomenology of PSD in the different stroke types are unknown.
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to characterize the epidemiology and phenomenology of PSD in both the hospital setting, and in the community setting up to one year after stroke.
METHODS: Real-world clinical data of 1732 consecutive stroke patients in a tertiary stroke centre was extracted from inception in January 2010 to 30 November 2021. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) were used to identify PSD. Demographic, comorbidities and stroke-related variables, and stroke severity were extracted and analysed by stroke type - ischemic, haemorrhagic, and strategic, at the hospitalisation and community follow-up cross-sections. For each group, the characteristics of those with PSD were compared against those without PSD. Logistic regression was performed to identify PSD predictors. Phenomenology was mapped by the relative frequencies of endorsed items on PHQ and HADS in PSD patients.
RESULTS: The prevalence of in-hospital PSD was 19.24 % in ischemic stroke, and 24.59 % in both haemorrhagic strokes and strategic basal ganglia/thalamus strokes. Prevalence of PSD in 547 stroke patients who were followed-up ≤ 12 months was 6.42 % in ischemic strokes, 3.52 % in haemorrhagic strokes and 5.23 % among strategic strokes. The association of right sided, bilateral strokes, strategic strokes, and large vessel aetiology with PSD only exists for ischemic strokes. Greater functional impairment and a past psychiatric history are independent predictive factors of PSD in all stroke types. Symptom profile of in-hospital PSD includes anxious distress.
CONCLUSION: These findings have immediate clinical applicability considering the representativeness of the study sample.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ideal cosmetic material for forming a duplicated eyelid without troubles such as discoloration, separation of a latex component, onset of allergy and the like.  <P>SOLUTION: The cosmetic material for forming the duplicated eyelid contains at least ≥50/w% synthetic latex in the whole latex component. Thus, sufficient adhesiveness is provided. The content of impurities such as proteins and the like is very small even though a natural rubber latex is included, so when discoloration occurs, it will be in a range of practical allowance and there is no separation of rubber particles from serum liquid. As the cosmetic material contains no allergic materials, it can be used without anxiety.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
One bout of electrical stimulation with 200 eccentric contractions. This is followed by daily injections with somatropin (33.3 ug/kg in the first week, 50 ug/kg in the second week) for two weeks.
BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults, with limited treatment modalities and poor prognosis. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of considering sex differences in cancer incidence, prognosis, molecular disparities, and treatment outcomes across various tumor types, including colorectal adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and GBM.
METHODS: We performed comprehensive analyses of large-scale multi-omics data (genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data) from TCGA, GLASS, and CPTAC to investigate the genetic and molecular determinants that contribute to the unique clinical properties of male and female GBM patients.
RESULTS: Our results revealed several key differences, including enrichments of MGMT promoter methylation, which correlated with increased overall and post-recurrence survival and improved response to chemotherapy in female patients. Moreover, female GBM exhibited a higher degree of genomic instability, including aneuploidy and tumor mutational burden. Integrative proteomic and phosphor-proteomic characterization uncovered sex-specific protein abundance and phosphorylation activities, including EGFR activation in males and SPP1 hyperphosphorylation in female patients. Lastly, the identified sex-specific biomarkers demonstrated prognostic significance, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets.
CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our study provides unprecedented insights into the fundamental modulators of tumor progression and clinical outcomes between male and female GBM patients and facilitates sex-specific treatment interventions. Highlights Female GBM patients were characterized by increased MGMT promoter methylation and favorable clinical outcomes compared to male patients. Female GBMs exhibited higher levels of genomic instability, including aneuploidy and TMB. Each sex-specific GBM is characterized by unique pathway dysregulations and molecular subtypes. EGFR activation is prevalent in male patients, while female patients are marked by SPP1 hyperphosphorylation.
The invention provides apparatus for electrostatically coating a pharmaceutical tablet core with powdered coating material. The apparatus comprises a first rotary drum (12) on which a core is held in electrical isolation from its surroundings but at a potential difference to earth by an electrode which contacts the core. The core is carried past a coating station B at which particles of powder having an opposite potential difference to earth are held in a tray (18). The surface of the drum is held at the same potential difference to earth as the powder particles. The powder is attracted to the core, and not to the drum, coating the exposed surface of the core. The drum carries the coated core past a fusing station C at which a heater fuses the powder to form a continuous film coating. The core is then turned and transferred onto a second drum (12') where the other surface is coated in the same way.
BACKGROUND: Sepsis is one of the main causes of death in newborns worldwide. Vitamin D levels during fetal and neonatal periods have a significant role in the development of the immunological system. The study aims to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and the risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis in full-term neonates in a developing country.
METHODS: This case-control study was conducted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) of Kasr Alainy Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. The study was composed of two groups; the sepsis group involved full-term neonates appropriate for gestational age with sepsis-related clinical signs. The control group included newborns with no signs of clinical/laboratory infection within 72 h of life. Blood samples were collected on admission during the first three days of life in both groups for the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, Complete Blood Count (CBC), C reactive protein (CRP), and blood culture.
RESULTS: Forty-five newborns with clinical and laboratory findings of early-onset neonatal sepsis within 72 h of life were enrolled, and the control group included forty-five newborns with no evidence of sepsis. Vitamin D levels in the sepsis group were significantly lower than in the control group. Apgar score at the first minute was significantly lower in the sepsis group. 57.8% of neonates with sepsis had positive blood cultures. There was a statistical difference between deficient, insufficient, and sufficient vitamin D levels regarding the duration of the NICU stay, which was longer in neonates with deficient vitamin D levels. CRP was significantly higher in neonates with deficient vitamin D levels. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for serum vitamin D in the prediction of neonatal sepsis was 0.76 at a cutoff < 19.7(ng/ml).
CONCLUSION: In the current study, full-term newborns with EOS had considerably lower vitamin D levels than healthy controls. Through appropriate vitamin supplementation of the mothers during pregnancy, it could be possible to ensure adequate vitamin D levels for newborns. This may contribute to the reduction of the risk of EOS, together with the other well-known preventive measures (i.e. breastfeeding and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis).
BACKGROUND: The aorta-mitral annulus conjunction (AMC) is an uncommon site of origin of focal atrial tachycardias (ATs). Hence, the electrophysiological and ablation target characteristics are poorly described.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of AMC ATs in detail.
METHODS: The study enrolled 650 patients with ATs, 21 (3.2%) of whom had ATs originating from the AMC. A comprehensive evaluation, including electrocardiography, electrophysiology study, computed tomography scan, and intracardiac echocardiography, was performed.
RESULTS: The majority (19, 90.5%) of ATs occurred spontaneously. The mean age of this group was 48.9 ± 21.6 years, with 12 being female (57.1%). Seventeen patients had a typical biphasic P wave with a prominent positive component. The earliest activation site in the right atrium was near the His bundle, with average activation -10.3 ± 6.0 ms preceding the P wave. The successful ablation targets were distributed as follows: 1 case at 9 o'clock, 6 cases at 10 o'clock, 7 cases at 11 o'clock, 6 cases at 12 o'clock, and 1 case in the left coronary cusp. The local AMC potential differed from the commonly perceived annular potential and was characterized by a prominent A wave and a smaller V wave (atrial-to-ventricular ratio > 1). The angle of encroachment on the left atrial anterior wall, compressed by the left coronary cusp, was significantly smaller in the AMC ATs group than in the control group consisted of 40 patients who underwent coronary artery CT scans because of the chest pain but without atrial arrhythmias were randomly selected, which may have contributed to the arrhythmia substrate (141.7° ± 11.5° vs 155.2° ± 13.9°; P = .026).
CONCLUSION: A new strategy for mapping AMC ATs has been introduced. The ablation target should have an atrial-to-ventricular ratio of >1.
All patients were scheduled for open flap debridement surgery on at least two quadrants ≥1 weeks apart.One group will receive Low Dose Diclofenac tablets (25mg Diclofeanc and 325 mg paracetamol), BID for 3 days. The patients who are diagnosed with generalized moderate/severe chronic periodontitis will be included in study. For each quadrant, a flap was raised under local anesthesia (2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine). In both the quadrants same technique of anesthesia will be employed. The location and the extent of surgery, volume of the local anesthesia given, and time required to perform the surgical procedure will be recorded in the patient file. Patients will be instructed to complete a pain diary chart for 3 days.
Do not start paroxetine tablets in a patient who is being treated with linezolid or methylene blue because there is increased risk of serotonin syndrome or NMS-like reactions. In a patient who requires more urgent treatment of a psychiatric condition, non-pharmacological interventions, including hospitalization, should be considered (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). In some cases, a patient receiving therapy with paroxetine tablets may require urgent treatment with linezolid or methylene blue. If acceptable alternatives to linezolid or methylene blue treatment are not available and the potential benefits of linezolid or methylene blue treatment are judged to outweigh the risks of serotonin syndrome or NMS-like reactions in a particular patient, paroxetine tablets should be stopped promptly, and linezolid or methylene blue can be administered. The patient should be monitored for symptoms of serotonin syndrome or NMS-like reactions for 2 weeks or until 24 hours after the last dose of linezolid or methylene blue, whichever comes first. Therapy with paroxetine tablets may be resumed 24 hours after the last dose of linezolid or methylene blue (see WARNINGS).