anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a pauci-immune small vessel vasculitis characterised by neutrophil-mediated vasculitis and granuloma. The presence of intracranial parenchymal space-occupying lesions is rarely seen in GPA patients. In this manuscript, we report a case of GPA with granuloma of the fourth ventricle accompanied by obstructive hydrocephalus. Treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs) and multiple immunosuppressants cyclophosphamide (CYC), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and rituximab (RTX) showed poor efficacy in this case. After removal of the granuloma by craniotomy, GPA relapsed within 3 months. Under the premise of GC and MMF treatment combined with intrathecal injection of dexamethasone (DXM) and methotrexate (MTX), the intracranial granuloma gradually shrank, and the patient's general condition was alleviated, showing that this is an effective treatment method. Key Points • To date, there are few reports of granulomatous vasculitis combined with granuloma of the fourth ventricle, and our case is the second. • In this case, multiple immunosuppressants and rituximab were ineffective treatments, and the intracranial granuloma was effectively controlled by intrathecal injection of dexamethasone (DXM) and methotrexate (MTX). • Based on this report, it can be suggested that intrathecal injection is effective in treating patients with GPA and central nervous system involvement, but large-scale sample studies are needed.
Individuals new to methadone maintenance will be asked to participate in this 6-month, double-blind, randomized control trial. All participants will complete a baseline interview, a medical screening and follow-up interviews at 1, 3 and 6-months post-baseline. These interviews take approximately 60 minutes, and survey various areas of the participants' experiences, including basic demographic information, mood, sleep and substance use areas. All participants will also be asked to complete a 2-night sleep monitoring at the time of the baseline interview and again at the 1-month follow-up interview. Participants will also receive study medication; half of the participants will receive a placebo medication, and the other half will receive Trazodone, a widely-prescribed, well-tolerated, low side-effect medication. Neither the participant nor the study staff will know which medication the participant is taking while the participant is actively enrolled in the study. This information can be available to the participant at the end of his/her study participation.
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of epileptic syndrome. It has been established that due to its complex pathogenesis, a considerable proportion of TLE patients often progress to drug-resistant epilepsy. Ferroptosis has emerged as an important neuronal death mechanism in TLE, which is primarily influenced by lipid accumulation and oxidative stress. In previous studies of ferroptosis, more attention has been focused on the impact of changes in the levels of proteins related to the redox equilibrium and signaling pathways on epileptic seizures. However, it is worth noting that the oxidative-reduction changes in different organelles may have different pathophysiological significance in the process of ferroptosis-related diseases. Mitochondria, as a key organelle involved in ferroptosis, its structural damage and functional impairment can lead to energy metabolism disorders and disruption of the excitatory inhibitory balance, significantly increasing the susceptibility to epileptic seizures. Therefore, secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in the process of ferroptosis could play a crucial role in TLE pathogenesis. This review focuses on ferroptosis and mitochondria, discussing the pathogenic role of ferroptosis-related mitochondrial dysfunction in TLE, thus aiming to provide novel insights and potential implications of ferroptosis-related secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in epileptic seizures and to offer new insights for the precise exploration of ferroptosis-related therapeutic targets for TLE patients.
In 150 individuals who received primary and booster COVID-19 inactivated vaccine, the neutralization ability of antibodies against covid-19 mutant after primary and booster immunization was evaluated by constructing pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 variants. The contribution and influence of IgG subclasses on neutralization capacity were assessed by Elisa assay. All participants were recruited aged between 18 and 59 years old. Every participant was familiarized with the aim of the study and asked to sign an informed consent agreement and was required blood sampling at the day 0 of first dose vaccine and 1 month, 6 months after 2nd dose of primary immunization. All participants had received 1 dose of booster immunization at 12 months after fully primary vaccination. Then 150 people were divided into four groups, Blood samples were taken on days 0,3,7,10 and 14 to detect neutralizing antibodies and IgG subclasses separately. every sample was detected SARS-CoV-2 variants strain Alpha, Beta and Delta neutralizing antibody, and RBD-IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. every individual was conducted a detailed analysis correlation of isotype switching, neutralizing antibody titer and cross immunity against COVID-19 variants after primary and booster vaccination.
INTRODUCTION: Postoperative constipation (PC) in patients with imperforate anus and perineal fistula (PF) has been reported in up to 60%. Histological studies of PF revealed innervation anomalies which seem to be one of the reasons for PC. Perioperative histologically controlled fistula resection (PHCFR) allows appropriate resection of PF and pull-down normoganglionic rectum at the time of posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 665 patients with anorectal malformations underwent surgery between 1991 and 2021. Of these, 364 presented PF; 92 out of them (41 F) were studied. Patients with sacral and spinal cord anomalies, neurological disorders, and cut-back anoplasty were excluded. PSARP was done on all patients. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and NADH Tetrazolium-reductase histochemical method were used. Four and more ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus represented a sufficient length of the resection. The continence was scored according to the modified Krickenbeck scoring system. Final scores ranged from 1 to 7 points. Values are given as median.
RESULTS: A total of 65 (70.7%) patients presented an aganglionic segment in PF, and 27 patients presented hypoganglionosis. The median length of the resected fistula was 25 mm (interquartile range [IQR]: 20-30). The median total continence score was 7 (IQR: 6-7). Post-op constipation was observed in 6/92 (6.5%) patients.
CONCLUSION: PHCFR diminished PC to 6.5% of patients.
The invention provides depression relieving and tranquilizing mixed decoction (powder) and pills. The technical contents of the invention are as follows: decoction (or notoginseng and spina date seed are prepared into powder) with fast curative effect is firstly taken; and honeyed pills with strengthened curative effect are taken then. Application: insomnia, dizziness, abdominal distention and dysphoria. Pathology and pathogeny: psychological factors, environmental factors and physical factors. Pathogenesis: deficiency and excess syndromes together, deficiency of qi in middle-jiao, imbalance of yin and yang, insufficiency of the spleen, kidney deficiency, liver-congestion and fire-transmission and spleen-qi congestion; and secondly deficiency of qi in middle-jiao, yin and yang deficiency of kidney and heart-kidney imbalance. The main prescription is as follows: spina date seed, platycladi seed, tuber fleeceflower stem, flower of silktree albizzia and polygala root which are taken as main medicinal materials and used for relieving depression and tranquilizing; astragalus mongholicus, American ginseng, largehead atractylodes, dried rehmannia root, white peony root and angelica which are taken as secondary medicinal materials and used for replenishing qi and nourishing blood and balancing yin and yang; tuckahoe, dried tangerine peel, fructus amomi and notoginseng which are taken as auxiliary medicinal materials and used for regulating qi and blood; and licorice is used for regulating properties and taste of all the medicinal materials. The secondary prescription is as follows: coptis chinensis, cassia and red sage root which are added to the main prescription and used for enabling internal heat to go downwards and kidney water to go upwards. Advancement and maturity of the invention are as follows: by adopting a traditional Chinese medicine characteristic therapy, the effective rate reaches 98% through observation of more than 1000 cases over 20 years.
An artificial intelligence-based personal health management system. The system consists of a personal health information acquisition terminal (11), the Internet (12), an artificial intelligence identification subsystem (13), a personal health information storage system (14), and a personal health management system (15). By means of capturing photos by using a mobile phone, a user acquires personal medical health data, such as medical records, medical images and physical examination reports, and uploads same to a personal cloud account for storage; and personal health information is regularly recorded by voice. The cloud-based artificial intelligence identification system (13) identifies, organizes, archives and classifies said personal medical health information. According to the personal health information, the personal health management system (15) manages personal health, e.g., carries out medical advice management, exercise management, and diet management. A mobile phone app is provided on a user terminal. The user can complete various functions, such as registration, login, acquisition, and management, through the mobile phone app.
The present study explains the planned implementation of a stepped-wedge trial in Greek maternity units. Twenty-two maternity units in Greece will participate in the trial involving 20,000 to 25,000 births, with two of the units entering the intervention period each month (stepped randomization). The maternity units will apply the interventions for a period of 6-16 months, depending on the time they enter the intervention stage of the trial. There will also be an initial baseline phase of the trial, lasting from 3 to 13 months; this phase will include observation and data collection of routine obstetric practices. The interventions are based on educational, behavioral and organizational modifications and will include the implementation of the Hellenic Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (HSOG) guidelines on labor management and targeted training in cardiotocography (CTG), obstetric emergencies, and the classification of cesarean section through Robson criteria. During the trial period, the rates and indications for cesarean sections will be available to participating units on a live platform, using an anonymous reporting system. Participating obstetricians will be able to see their own and other units' performance and also get feedback on their rates. Τhe final three-month phase of the trial will be devoted to completion of questionnaires by the participating obstetricians. The total estimated duration of the trial will be 22 months. The primary outcome assessed will be the change in cesarean section rate and the secondary outcomes will be maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The intervention and control periods will be compared using mixed effects logistic regression with adjustment for any underlying secular trends.
Built environments (BEs) currently represent the areas in which human beings spend most of their life. Consistently, microbes populating BEs mostly derive from human occupants and can be easily transferred from BE to occupants. The hospital microbiome is a paradigmatic example, representing a reservoir for harmful pathogens that can be transmitted to susceptible patients, causing the healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Environmental cleaning is a crucial pillar in controlling BE pathogens and preventing related infections, and chemical disinfectants have been largely used so far towards this aim. However, despite their immediate effect, chemical-based disinfection is unable to prevent recontamination, has a high environmental impact, and can select/increase antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in treated microbes. To overcome these limitations, probiotic-based sanitation (PBS) strategies were recently proposed, built on the use of detergents added with selected probiotics able to displace surrounding pathogens by competitive exclusion. PBS was reported as an effective and low-impact alternative to chemical disinfection, providing stable rebalance of the BE microbiome and significantly reducing pathogens and HAIs compared to disinfectants, without exacerbating AMR and pollution concerns. This minireview summarizes the most significant results obtained by applying PBS in sanitary and non-sanitary settings, which overall suggest that PBS may effectively tackle the infectious risk meanwhile preventing the further spread of pathogenic and resistant microbes.
Vaccines and immunotherapeutics for preventing intracellular pathogen diseases in mammals are provided that consist of recombinant attenuated intracellular pathogens that have been transformed to express recombinant immunogenic antigens of the same r other intracellular pathogens. Exemplary vaccines and immunotherapeutics include attenuated recombinant Mycobacteria expressing the major extracellular non-fusion proteins of Mycobacterial and/or other intracellular pathogens. These exemplary vaccines are shown to produce surprisingly potent protective immune response in mammals that surpass those of any previously known anti-mycobacterium vaccine. More specifically, a recombinant BCG expressing the 30 kDa major extracellular non-fusion protein of Mycobacterium tubercolosis is provided. Additionally, methods for preventing and treating diseases caused by intracellular pathogens are provided. The methods of treating and preventing intracellular pathogen diseases utilize the described surprisingly efficacious vaccines and immunotherapeutics.
Kionex® (Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Suspension USP) can be administered orally or in an enema. It is a raspberry flavored suspension containing 15 grams of cation-exchange resin (sodium polystyrene sulfonate USP) and 21.5 mL of sorbitol solution (equivalent to approximately 19.3 grams of sorbitol) per 60 mL of suspension. Also contains purified water, propylene glycol, xanthan gum, sodium saccharin, methylparaben, propylparaben, and flavor.

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is a benzene, diethenyl-, polymer with ethenylbenzene, sulfonated, sodium salt and has the following structural formula:

The sodium content of the suspension is 1500 mg (65 mEq) per 60 mL. It is a brown, slightly viscous suspension with an in-vitro exchange capacity of approximately 3.1 mEq (in-vivo approximately 1 mEq) of potassium per 4 mL (1 gram) of suspension. It can be administered orally or in an enema.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily, surely and quickly show the combination of medicine which can be determined to bring about effective results.  <P>SOLUTION: A selection means 2 selects the combination of medicine including selected medicine names from a storage means 6 for storing the past prescription history. A first determination means 3 determines whether there exists the several combination of medicine selected by the selection means 2 in the past prescription history. A second determination means 4 determines whether the combination of medicine determined to exist by the first determination 3 has been continuously prescribed for the patient. When the combination of medicine selected by the selection means 2 is displayed, a display means 5 displays the combination of the medicine determined to be continuously prescribed by the second determination means 4 in such configurations that it is discriminated from the combination of the other medicine.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
This non-randomized, open-label phase II trial seeks to enhance our understanding of HRD status in patients with advanced ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer. Following standard first-line treatment, participants will be assessed for HRD status using the VHIO-CARD-300 test and SOPHiA DDM™ Dx HRD Solution. Those identified as HRD-positive will receive olaparib in combination with bevacizumab, while others will receive bevacizumab alone as per standard care. The study aims to determine the concordance between the two HRD tests, evaluate the efficacy of the olaparib-bevacizumab combination, and assess safety and tolerability. Efficacy outcomes will be evaluated using RECIST criteria, with a minimum follow-up of 30 months post-enrollment. Secondary objectives include examining treatment accuracy, association with efficacy outcomes, and analyzing discrepant cases. Overall, this trial aims to provide valuable insights into personalized treatment approaches for patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate variations in management of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) among international clinical sites and to identify areas for harmonization.
STUDY DESIGN: An electronic survey was sent to Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium site sponsors, Canadian Neonatal Network site investigators, members of the Newborn Brain Society, and American Academy of Pediatrics Neonatology chiefs.
RESULTS: One hundred five sites responded, with most from high-income regions (n = 95). Groupings were adapted from the United Nations regional groups: US (n = 52 sites); Canada (n = 20); Western Europe and other states excluding Canada and US Group (WEOG, n = 18); and non-WEOG (central and eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Caribbean, n = 15). Regional variations were seen in the eligibility criteria for TH, such as the minimum gestational age, grading of HIE severity, use of electroencephalography, and the frequency of providing TH for mild HIE. Active TH during transport varied among regions and was less likely in smaller volume sites. Amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram and/or continuous electroencephalogram to determine eligibility for TH was used by most sites in WEOG and non-WEOG but infrequently by the US and Canada Groups. For sedation during TH, morphine was most frequently used as first choice but there was relatively high (33%) use of dexmedetomidine in the US Group. Timing of brain magnetic resonance imaging and neurodevelopmental follow-up were variable. Neurodevelopmental follow occurred earlier and more frequently, although for a shorter duration, in the non-WEOG.
CONCLUSIONS: We found significant variations in practices for TH for HIE across regions internationally. Future guidelines should incorporate resource availability in a global perspective.
Innate lymphocytes, including microglial cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, play a crucial role in initiating neuroinflammatory reactions inside the central nervous system (CNS). The prime focus of this paper is on the involvement and interplay of neurons and glial cells in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review, we explore the specific contributions of microglia and astrocytes and analyzes multiple pathways implicated in neuroinflammation and disturbances in excitatory and inhibitory processes. Firstly, we elucidate the mechanisms through which toxic protein accumulation in AD results in synaptic dysfunction and deregulation of the immune system and examines the roles of microglia, astrocytes, and hereditary factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. Secondly, we focus on ASD and the involvement of glial cells in the development of the nervous system and the formation of connections between neurons and investigates the genetic connections associated with these processes. Lastly, we also address the participation of glial cells in epilepsy and MS, providing insights into their pivotal functions in both conditions. We also tried to give an overview of seven different pathways like toll-like receptor signalling pathway, MyD88-dependent and independent pathway, etc and its relevance in the context with these neurological disorders. In this review, we also explore the role of activated glial cells in AD, ASD, epilepsy, and MS which lead to neuroinflammation. Even we focus on excitatory and inhibitory imbalance in all four neurological disorders as imbalance affect the proper functioning of neuronal circuits. Finally, this review concludes that there is necessity for additional investigation on glial cells and their involvement in neurological illnesses.
Protein synthesis regulation is critical for skeletal muscle hypertrophy, yet other established cellular processes are necessary for growth-related cellular remodeling. Autophagy has a well-acknowledged role in muscle quality control, but evidence for its role in myofiber hypertrophy remains equivocal. Both mammalian target of rapamycin complex I (mTORC1) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad1/5 (Sma and Mad proteins from Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, respectively) signaling are reported regulators of myofiber hypertrophy; however, gaps remain in our understanding of how this regulation is integrated with growth processes and autophagy regulation. Therefore, we investigated the mTORC1 and Smad1/5 regulation of protein synthesis and autophagy flux during serum-stimulated myotube growth. Chronic serum stimulation experiments were performed on day 5 differentiated C2C12 myotubes incubated in differentiation medium [2% horse serum (HS)] or growth medium [5% fetal bovine serum (FBS)] for 48 h. Rapamycin or LDN193189 was dosed for 48 h to inhibit mTORC1 and BMP-Smad1/5 signaling, respectively. Acute serum stimulation was examined in day 7 differentiated myotubes. Protein synthesis was measured by puromycin incorporation. Bafilomycin A1 and immunoblotting for LC3B were used to assess autophagy flux. Chronic serum stimulation increased myotube diameter 22%, total protein 21%, total RNA 100%, and Smad1/5 phosphorylation 404% and suppressed autophagy flux. Rapamycin, but not LDN193189, blocked serum-induced myotube hypertrophy and the increase in total RNA. Acute serum stimulation increased protein synthesis 111%, Smad1/5 phosphorylation 559%, and rpS6 phosphorylation 117% and suppressed autophagy flux. Rapamycin increased autophagy flux during acute serum stimulation. These results provide evidence for mTORC1, but not BMP-Smad1/5, signaling being required for serum-induced myotube hypertrophy and autophagy flux by measuring LC3BII/I expression. Further investigation is warranted to examine the role of autophagy flux in myotube hypertrophy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates that myotube hypertrophy caused by chronic serum stimulation requires mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling but not bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad1/5 signaling. The suppression of autophagy flux was associated with serum-induced myotube hypertrophy and mTORC1 regulation of autophagy flux by measuring LC3BII/I expression. Rapamycin is widely investigated for beneficial effects in aging skeletal muscle and sarcopenia; our results provide evidence that rapamycin can regulate autophagy-related signaling during myotube growth, which could benefit skeletal muscle functional and metabolic health.