anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Acute overdosage with tramadol can be manifested by respiratory depression, somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, constricted pupils, seizures, bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrest, and death. 

Deaths due to overdose have been reported with abuse and misuse of tramadol (see WARNINGS, Misuse, Abuse, and Diversion). Review of case reports has indicated that the risk of fatal overdose is further increased when tramadol is abused concurrently with alcohol or other CNS depressants, including other opioids. 

In the treatment of tramadol overdosage, primary attention should be given to the re-establishment of a patent airway and institution of assisted or controlled ventilation. Supportive measures (including oxygen and vasopressors) should be employed in the management of circulatory shock and pulmonary edema accompanying overdose as indicated. Cardiac arrest or arrhythmias may require cardiac massage or defibrillation. 

While naloxone will reverse some, but not all, symptoms caused by overdosage with tramadol, the risk of seizures is also increased with naloxone administration. In animals convulsions following the administration of toxic doses of tramadol hydrochloride and acetaminophen could be suppressed with barbiturates or benzodiazepines but were increased with naloxone. Naloxone administration did not change the lethality of an overdose in mice. Hemodialysis is not expected to be helpful in an overdose because it removes less than 7% of the administered dose in a 4-hour dialysis period.
A method for manufacturing a rapidly disintegrating formulation for oral preparation is provided to simply and economically produce the formulation without reduction of material property. A method for manufacturing a formulation for oral preparation comprises: a step of filling mixture powder containing active ingredient and sugar in the packing material; and as step of heating the filled material at 200-1,000°C for 1-60 seconds. The packing material for manufacturing the formulation comprises a forming film providing part (110), film formation part (120), drug inserting part (130), heating device part (160), sealing part (170), cutting part (180), and control part (190). The forming film providing part supplied a forming film. The film forming part produces the lower pocket film having pocket of container form. The drug inserting part inserts and fills mixture powder or tablet of the mixture powder in a pocket. The heating device part heats and fuses the filled material into a formation pocket film. The sealing part attaches a cover film of the upper side to the pocket film of the lower side. The control part cuts the pocket film on the lower side and packing material of upper cover film.
The invention relates to the technical field of medicines, in particular to application of a C-JUN N-terminal kinase inhibitor SU3327 in preparation of a medicine for treating bacterial respiratory tract infection. The invention relates to an application of a C-JUN N-terminal kinase inhibitor SU3327 in preparing a medicament for treating bacterial respiratory tract infection. SU3327 was found to have activity in inhibiting actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by studies, and in the antibacterial activity assay on 20 strains of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the minimum drug concentration for inhibiting the growth of 90% of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was 2 μg/ml. The minimum drug concentration capable of reducing the viable count of 90% of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by 99.9% is 4 mug/ml. Compared with ceftiofur, gentamicin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, florfenicol and compound neonomine, the compound has stronger antibacterial activity and bactericidal activity. Is resistant to APP New infected animalsThe medicine provides a theoretical basis.
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis sustains that exposure to different stressors during prenatal development prepares the offspring for the challenges to be encountered after birth. We studied the gestational period as a particularly vulnerable window where different stressors can have strong implications for fetal programming of the offspring's life-long metabolic status via alterations of specific placentally expressed nutrient transporters. To study this mechanism, we used a murine prenatal stress model, human preeclampsia, early miscarriage, and healthy placental tissue samples, in addition to in vitro models of placental cells. In stressed mice, placental overexpression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (Lat1) and subsequent global placental DNA hypermethylation was accompanied by fetal and adult hypothalamic dysregulation in global DNA methylation and gene expression as well as long-term metabolic abnormalities exclusively in female offspring. In human preeclampsia, early miscarriage, and under hypoxic conditions, placental LAT1 was significantly upregulated, leading to increased methionine uptake and global DNA hypermethylation. Remarkably, subgroups of healthy term placentas with high expression of stress-related genes presented increased levels of placental LAT1 mRNA and protein, DNA and RNA hypermethylation, increased methionine uptake capacity, one-carbon metabolic pathway disruption, higher methionine concentration in the placenta and transport to the fetus specifically in females. Since LAT1 mediates the intracellular accumulation of methionine, global DNA methylation, and one-carbon metabolism in the placenta, our findings hint at a major sex-specific global response to a variety of prenatal stressors affecting placental function, epigenetic programming, and life-long metabolic disease and provide a much-needed insight into early-life factors predisposing females/women to metabolic disorders.
BACKGROUND: Piperacillin/tazobactam may be associated with less favourable outcomes than carbapenems in patients with severe bacterial infections, but the certainty of evidence is low.
METHODS: The Empirical Meropenem versus Piperacillin/Tazobactam for Adult Patients with Sepsis (EMPRESS) trial is an investigator-initiated, international, parallel-group, randomised, open-label, adaptive clinical trial with an integrated feasibility phase. We will randomise adult, critically ill patients with sepsis to empirical treatment with meropenem or piperacillin/tazobactam for up to 30 days. The primary outcome is 30-day all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes are serious adverse reactions within 30 days; isolation precautions due to resistant bacteria within 30 days; days alive without life support and days alive and out of hospital within 30 and 90 days; 90- and 180-day all-cause mortality and 180-day health-related quality of life. EMPRESS will use Bayesian statistical models with weak to somewhat sceptical neutral priors. Adaptive analyses will be conducted after follow-up of the primary outcome for the first 400 participants concludes and after every 300 subsequent participants, with adaptive stopping for superiority/inferiority and practical equivalence (absolute risk difference <2.5%-points) and response-adaptive randomisation. The expected sample sizes in scenarios with no, small or large differences are 5189, 5859 and 2570 participants, with maximum 14,000 participants and ≥99% probability of conclusiveness across all scenarios.
CONCLUSIONS: EMPRESS will compare the effects of empirical meropenem against piperacillin/tazobactam in adult, critically ill patients with sepsis. Due to the pragmatic, adaptive design with high probability of conclusiveness, the trial results are expected to directly inform clinical practice.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), a bacterial infection that develops after 48 hours or more of intubation, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Rapid identification of VAP is required to improve survival and to reduce avoidable treatment-associated side effects. Procalcitonin (ProCT), a blood test, is a reasonably specific marker of bacterial infection and its level increases early in sepsis. In this study, a ProCT serum level will be measured in 50 patients with clinically suspected VAP. We aim to show that the ProCT level will be high early in VAP and will stay high in patients with poor prognosis. This will help to address the potential role of ProCT as part of early diagnosis and management of VAP.
Traction is a maneuver of distracting force to the cervical spine to cervical segments/grants decompression of nerve roots. For traction, 10% of the total body weight would be taken. Previous researches that investigated cervical traction found adequate effectiveness on pain reduction in neck and arm as well as improvement in nerve function parameters, and enhancement in neck mobility. The patient would be placed in a supine lying position with the cervical spine placed at 15º of flexion. The head strap will be fitted under the patient's occiput and chin. A safety switch will be given to the patient and ask him to press it if he would feel any kind of discomfort.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major health problem, with a prevalence of 0.4-1% of the population. It results in high healthcare costs and significant morbidity, especially for patients with severe symptoms. Exercise and risk factor modification to prevent and modify AF has garnered a significant amount of support in cohort studies that have proven benefit. It is well known that age, body mass index, valvular heart disease, heart failure, hypertension and sleep apnea are risk factors for AF, most of which are modifiable if targeted appropriately. In addition, catheter ablation techniques have evolved and improved to reduce AF recurrence in those who are most symptomatic, and either have heart failure, or are at risk for its development. Despite these advances, the recurrence of AF remains high.

We propose to determine whether early treatment of the arrhythmogenic substrate, with or without aggressive risk factor modification, is most important in prevention of recurrent AF. It is hypothesized that patients with underlying risk factors that promote AF will benefit most from a combined strategy of aggressive risk factor modification in combination with catheter ablation.

The study design will be a two-arm, parallel group, randomized clinical trial comparing catheter ablation versus catheter ablation plus aggressive risk factor therapy, followed by maintenance with blinded endpoint evaluation. Patients with symptomatic AF and two of the following will be included: hypertension, BMI≥27, diabetes, prior stroke/TIA, history of heart failure (prior heart failure admission due to AF or LVEF\<40%), age≥65. Patients will be excluded if they are exercising \>150 minutes/week by self-report. Patients will be randomly allocated to one of the following groups: 1) AF ablation within 3 months, 2) AF ablation at 3 months, with a 12 week home-based exercise/risk factor management program, followed by maintenance therapy. A 5 month treatment period will be observed to deliver the interventions and have a 2 month blanking period post ablation. Guideline-directed therapy for risk factors will occur in all groups, including BP, cholesterol, diabetes, alcohol reduction and sleep apnea screening. All patients will undergo implantation of an implantable loop recorder (ILR) at baseline. The primary outcome will be a composite of death at any time, AF-related hospitalization/emergency department visits and AF \>24 hours (5 months post randomization). Secondary outcome will include AF burden. The sample size required is 670.
BACKGROUND: Despite the extensive research to provide a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD), there is still no approved DMOAD. Dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists (DACRA) can provide metabolic benefits along with antinociceptive and potential structural preserving effects. In these studies, we tested a DACRA named KBP-336 on a metabolic model of OA in meniscectomised (MNX) rats.
METHODS: We evaluated KBP-336's effect on pain-like symptoms in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats on high-fat diet (HFD) that underwent meniscectomy using the von Frey test to measure the 50% paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Short in vivo studies and in vitro cell receptor expression systems were used to illustrate receptor pharmacology.
RESULTS: After 30 weeks on HFD, including an 8-week treatment, female MNX animals receiving KBP-336 4.5 nmol/Kg/72 h had lower body weight and smaller adipose tissues than their vehicle-treated counterparts. After 20 weeks on HFD, including an 8-week treatment, male rats receiving KBP-336 had lower body weight than the vehicle group. In both the female and male rats, the MNX groups on KBP-336 treatment had a higher PWT than the vehicle-treated MNX group. Aiming to identify the receptor influencing pain alleviation, KBP-336 was compared to the long-acting human calcitonin (hCTA). Single-dose studies on 12-week-old male rats showed that hCTA lowers CTX-I without affecting food intake, confirming its calcitonin receptor selectivity. On the metabolic OA model with 18 weeks of HFD, including 6-week treatment, hCTA at 100 nmol/Kg/24 h and KBP-336 at 0.5, 1.5, and 4.5 nmol/Kg/72 h produced significantly higher PWT in MNX animals compared to MNX animals on vehicle treatment. hCTA and KBP-336 at 0.5 nmol/Kg did not affect body weight and fat tissues.
CONCLUSION: Overall, KBP-336 improved the pain observed in the metabolic OA model. Calcitonin receptor activation proved to be essential in this antinociceptive effect.
1,248,536. Thermogenic packages. DART INDUSTRIES Inc. 17 Feb., 1969 [26 Feb., 1968], No. 8420/69. Heading A5B. [Also in Divisions C4 and C5] A package adapted for the dispensing of a composition therefrom in a warmed state comprises a container with means to maintain two compositions therein, one isolated from the other, the first composition comprising water and the second composition comprising a suspension of a thermogenic agent which is a metallic salt, oxide or hydroxide in an inert anhydrous vehicle, and valve means communicating with each composition whereby pressurisation of one or both of the compositions and actuation of the valve means results in the mixing of portions of each composition and dispensing of the mixturefrom the package in a warmed state. The thermogenic agent may be anhydrous magnesium chloride, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, aluminium chloride or stannous chloride. The anhydrous vehicle may be a silicone fluid, a mineral oil or a petroleum solvent of boiling range 280-450‹F at 1 atmosphere. Pressurisation is effected (a) manually by squeezing or (b) by means of a liquefied propellant gas, e.g. carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, dimethyl ether, propane, butane, isobutane and chlorofluoroalkanes containing not more than two carbon atoms and at least one fluorine atom. The examples relate to shaving creams. In one example:-composition (A) is an aqueous solution of triethanolamine lauryl sulphate, dipropylene glycol, cetyl alcohol and triethanolamide of lauryl alcohol; composition (B) is a suspension in light mineral oil of anhydrous magnesium chloride, polyoxyethylene (2) oleyl ether and sodium lauryl sulphate; the propellant is 84% isobutane 16% propane mixture. Formulations for general cleansing, cosmetic and topical medicinal applications may be dispensed. A precipitant for magnesium ions e.g. alkali metal fluoride, hydroxide, borate or oxalate may be present in composition (B) when it is desired that magnesium ions should not be present in solution. The medicinal substances may be methyl salicylate, thymol, eucalyptol and benzocaine. An alkali metal or amine fatty alcohol sulphate surfactant may be present. The dispenser may take the form disclosed in United States Specifications 2,941,696, 2,973,883, 3,217,936, 3,272,389 and 3,295,727.
BACKGROUND: Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease (CPHD) significantly impacts global health, especially among middle-aged and older adults. In China, the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) technique of Resolving Phlegm and Activating Blood (RPAB) is widely used to treat CPHD, although high-quality evidence supporting its efficacy remains limited.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to rigorously assess the clinical efficacy of RPAB for CPHD and elucidate the mechanisms underlying its primary herbal components.
METHODS: Through a detailed search of literature in both Chinese and English and strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected for meta-analysis. We identified RPAB's core herbal combinations using association rule analysis. This method statistically analyzes the frequency and correlation of herbal medicine usage. We then analyzed the chemical components of these combinations and investigated their potential intervention mechanisms on CPHD through network pharmacology.
RESULTS: The combination of RPAB with Western medicine was superior to Western medicine alone in improving blood gas analysis and pulmonary function and reducing plasma viscosity in CPHD patients. The core herbal combination identified was Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. ex S. H. Qiu & al., and Stellaria alsine Grimm (ALS). This combination targeted 588 therapeutic and 27 core targets. It influenced ten core compounds across 34 pathways, primarily through the chemokine signaling pathway and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.
CONCLUSION: RPAB with Western medicine significantly improves CPHD treatment outcomes. The study highlights the therapeutic potential of the ALS combination, which operates through multiple pathways to remodel pulmonary arteries, decrease inflammation, and lessen oxidative stress. These insights support the clinical application of RPAB in CPHD treatment and open new avenues for research and therapeutic development.
The puncture site was selected in the middle of the medial or lateral edge of the patella. After local anesthesia was administered with 0.5% lidocaine, the radiofrequency cannula needle was inserted slowly between the patella and femoral condyles. The needle was gradually inserted into the joint cavity, and then a small volume of saline was administered using a syringe. If any resistance was encountered, which indicated that the needle tip was located in a ligament or tendon, the surgeon readjusted the needle tip until the injection proceeded without any significant resistance. After entering the joint cavity, the C-arm x-ray is used confirm that the cannula needle was located in the middle of the joint space. Subsequently, sensory stimulation using 50 Hz/2 Hz was performed at \> 2 V, to prevent inducing pain or muscle contraction. Then, an automatic PRF mode ≤ 45 V (≤ 42°C, 2 Hz, pulse width of 20 ms) was administered for 300 seconds.
The investigators evaluated lung transplant recipients prospectively. Adult patients surviving 90 day after LTx will be included. The investigators propose a classification of airway healing based on the endoscopic bronchial appearances at days 7, 14, 21, 90, 180 and 365 after LTx. A score system including mucosal healing, full tissue necrosis (=dehiscence), lose sutures, fibrin plugs, polyps and malacia will be developed (max. score 8 points/date). Endoscopic findings will be correlated with the development of obstructive airway complications (OAC, requiring \>1 intervention). Afterwards the new score system will be applied prospectively in the patients.
PURPOSE:To facilitate an easy call-out of contents of recipe for compounding of medicines and to reduce the load of an operator, by providing a memory part for patient data of this month, a memory part for patient data of the preceding month and a memory part for data on compounding of medicines respectively. CONSTITUTION:When a content call key on a key board is pushed, the medicine compounding date of the preceding time is obtained from an individual data memory part 7 of each patient. Then the desired data is obtained from a patient data memory part 8 or 9. Thus the recipe is displayed at a CRT6 with reference to a code file for compounding of medicines. Then changes, corrections, etc. are given to the display data when necessary. After a change or correction is over, the new data is displayed at the CRT6. Thus the contents of the recipe can be called out easily for compounding of medicines just by feeding the individual data on each patient including the name, the date of birth, etc. Furthermore changes and corrections are facilitated, and the contents of the preceding compounding date of medicines can be confirmed automatically. This reduces the load of an operator.
PURPOSE: To investigate the potential clinical importance of continuing immunotherapy beyond progression in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC).
METHODS: The data of patients with aNSCLC who experienced progressive disease after receiving first-line immunotherapy plus chemotherapy were collected from multiple centers for the period from January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2022. According to the second-line treatment, the patients were classified into two groups: the continuation of immunotherapy beyond progression (CIBP) group and the discontinuation of immunotherapy beyond progression (DIBP) group. The efficacy and safety of the treatment were compared between the groups.
RESULTS: Overall, data from 169 patients were analyzed; 93 patients were enrolled in the CIBP group and 76 patients were in the DIBP group. The median second-line progression-free survival was 5.5 months in the CIBP group, which for the DIBP group was 3.4 (p = 0.011). The median overall survival of the CIBP group was 13.3 months, whereas that of the DIBP group was 8.8 months (p = 0.031). The disease control rate of the CIBP group (79.57%) was observably higher than that of the DIBP group (64.47%; p = 0.028). Among patients who responded better (complete or partial response) to prior therapy, the median progression-free survival was 5.5 months and 3.3 months in the CIBP and DIBP groups respectively (p = 0.022), and the median overall survival was 14.8 months and 8.8 months in the CIBP and DIBP groups respectively (p = 0.046).
CONCLUSIONS: Continuing immunotherapy as a second-line treatment could be beneficial to the survival of patients with aNSCLC with disease progression beyond initial chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy.
A multi-model medical scan analysis system is operable to generate a generic model by performing a training step on image data of a plurality of medical scans and corresponding labeling data. A plurality of fine-tuned models are generated by performing a fine-tuning step on the generic model. Abnormality detection data is generated for a new medical scan by utilizing the generic model. A first one of the plurality of abnormality types that is detected in the new medical scan is determined based on a corresponding one of the plurality of probability values. Additional abnormality data is generated by performing a fine-tuned inference function on the image data of the new medical scan that utilizes one of the plurality of fine-tuned models that corresponds to the first one of the plurality of abnormality types. The additional abnormality data is transmitted for display.