anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The invention provides a composition for treating thyroid diseases and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines. The composition mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-10 parts of selfheal, 10-15 parts of radix curcumae, 5-7 parts of gentian, 6-9 parts of white hyacinth bean, 5-8 parts of gastrodia elata, 1-2 parts of platycodon grandiflorum, 1-2 parts of motherwort and 2-5 parts of red paeony root. The selfheal and the gentian in the composition are used for synergistically treating the thyroid diseases caused by liver heat, stagnation of liver-qi and fire transformation due to stagnation for a long time. The white hyacinth bean and the platycodon root are used together to have better curative effect on hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules and diarrhea caused by thyroiditis. The red peony root, the motherwort herb and the turmeric root-tuber have better curative effect on hyperthyroidism and subacute thyroiditis caused by liver depression transforming into heat and fire and thyroid lumps caused by acute suppurative thyroiditis. The gastrodia elata has good curative effects on hyperthyroidism exophthalmos, headache and dizziness, and also has good antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.
BACKGROUND: Multimodal perioperative pain management including nonopioid analgesia is a major pillar of enhanced recovery after surgery programs. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic efficacy of the preoperative combination of 2 nonopioid drugs, oral pregabalin and intravenous magnesium sulfate, in patients undergoing posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion.
METHODS: This 4-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 104 patients randomly allocated to receive: magnesium sulfate and pregabalin (MP), magnesium sulfate and oral placebo (M), 0.9% saline and oral pregabalin (P), and 0.9% saline and oral placebo (C). The study drugs were administered 1 hour preoperatively. The primary outcome was the cumulative morphine consumption on postoperative day 1. Secondary outcomes included visual analog scale scores for leg pain at rest and with movement, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in the first 48 hours after surgery.
RESULTS: Cumulative morphine consumption on postoperative day 1 was lower in group MP (19.6±8.0 mg) compared with group M (32.6±9.5 mg; P <0.001), group P (28.9±9.4 mg; P =0.001), or group C (38.8±10.3 mg; P <0.001). Multiple linear regression demonstrated a significant association between group MP and cumulative morphine consumption (B=-5.4 [95% CI, -7.1, -3.7], P <0.001). Visual analog scale scores for leg pain at rest and with movement were lower in group MP compared with other groups ( P =0.006 and <0.001). The incidence of PONV was also lowest in group MP ( P =0.032).
CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative administration of oral pregabalin and intravenous magnesium sulfate resulted in reduced morphine consumption and greater analgesic effect than the use of each drug individually or placebo in patients undergoing posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion.
Currently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming a serious threat to human health worldwide. Therefore, there is a great need to develop effective drugs against viral pneumonia. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra L., has been demonstrated with significant anti-inflammatory properties. However, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of DG on pneumonia require further clarification. In this study, mice received intratracheal injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) to induce pneumonia and were treated with DG. First, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of DG on poly(I:C)-induced pneumonia. Second, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities and the impact of DG on the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) pathway were investigated. Third, the mechanism of DG was analyzed through untargeted metabolomics techniques. Our results revealed that DG intervention decreased permeability and reduced abnormal lung alterations in poly(I:C)-induced pneumonia model mice. DG intervention also downregulated cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, DG treatment inhibited the activation of TLR3 pathway. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that DG intervention could modulate serum metabolites involved in amino and nucleotide sugar metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways. In conclusion, our study showed that DG could ameliorate poly(I:C)-induced pneumonia by inactivating the TLR3 pathway and affecting amino and nucleotide sugar, fructose and mannose metabolism, as well as tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine biosynthesis.
Although neonates and children with congenital heart disease are primarily hospitalized for cardiac and pulmonary diseases, they are also at an increased risk for neurologic injury due to both empiric differences that can exist in their nervous systems and acquired injury from cardiopulmonary pathology and interventions. Although early efforts in care focused on survival after reparative cardiac surgery, as surgical and anesthetic techniques have evolved and survival rates accordingly improved, the focus has now shifted to maximizing outcomes among survivors. Children and neonates with congenital heart disease experience seizures and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes at a higher rate than age-matched counterparts. The aim of neuromonitoring is to help clinicians identify patients at highest risk for these outcomes to implement strategies to mitigate these risks and to also help with neuroprognostication after an injury has occurred. The mainstays of neuromonitoring are (1) electroencephalographic monitoring to evaluate brain activity for abnormal patterns or changes and to identify seizures, (2) neuroimaging to reveal structural changes and evidence of physical injury in and around the brain, and (3) near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor brain tissue oxygenation and detect changes in perfusion. This review will detail the aforementioned techniques and their use in the care of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.
Transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors is the neurosurgical procedure of choice to remove most of the tumors of the sellar region. Sometimes the intervention produces dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and although most are transient, the risk associated with post-operative hypocortisolism determines its evaluation early in the postoperative period and the possibility of steroidal supplementation posteriorly. It is described that dexmedetomidine can be used as an adjuvant drug in this type of surgery being useful in reduction of total consumption of opioids and anesthetic gases, maintain hemodynamic stability and less time to recovery from anesthesia. Due to its sympatholytic effect, dexmedetomidine has been found to alter the intraoperative common neuroendocrine response generating lower levels of cortisol in the postoperative period than patients in which is not used.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate corticosteroid axis response (cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone) in patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery under anesthesia with dexmedetomidine. A single-center randomized double-blind clinical trial will be conducted that will compare two groups of patients, one of which will be given dexmedetomidine (Dex group) and another group who will receive a placebo (control group). In addition the incidence of perioperative complications (nausea, vomiting, diabetes insipidus), intraoperative hemodynamics and patient comfort. The investigators expect that the normal stress response to surgery measured by cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone in the postoperative period will be reduced in the dexmedetomidine arm. This effect should be transient and attributed to use of dexmedetomidine and not to surgery.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain and visceral hypersensitivity. Reducing visceral hypersensitivity is the key to effectively relieving abdominal pain in IBS. Increasing evidence has confirmed that the thalamic nucleus reuniens (Re) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurotransmitter system play an important role in the development of colorectal visceral pain, whereas the exact mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this study, we found that high expression of the 5-HT2B receptors in the Re glutamatergic neurons promoted colorectal visceral pain. Specifically, we found that neonatal maternal deprivation (NMD) mice exhibited visceral hyperalgesia and enhanced spontaneous synaptic transmission in the Re brain region. Colorectal distension (CRD) stimulation induced a large amount of c-Fos expression in the Re brain region of NMD mice, predominantly in glutamatergic neurons. Furthermore, optogenetic manipulation of glutamatergic neuronal activity in the Re altered colorectal visceral pain responses in CON and NMD mice. In addition, we demonstrated that 5-HT2B receptor expression on the Re glutamatergic neurons was upregulated and ultimately promoted colorectal visceral pain in NMD mice. These findings suggest a critical role of the 5HT2B receptors on the Re glutamatergic neurons in the regulation of colorectal visceral pain.
Participant is told to meet a pre-determined target of 90%. If they reach that percentage measured using the MEMS cap, they can participate in a lottery for an airtime reward of none, a small amount, and a larger amount. Participants also receive a weekly motivational message reminding them of their incentive to adhere. If they respond to the message they will receive airtime top-up.
OBJECTIVE: In the West Midlands regional genetics service, cases of perinatal death with a possible genetic diagnosis are evaluated by the perinatal pathology genetic multidisciplinary team (MDT). The MDT assesses autopsy findings and suggests appropriate genomic assessment. The objective of this retrospective service evaluation was to determine the clinical utility of the MDT in assessing perinatal deaths associated with structural anomaly. This is the first evaluation since the introduction of whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing in routine clinical care.
METHODS: This was a retrospective service evaluation including all cases of perinatal death with an associated structural anomaly and suspected genetic etiology that underwent perinatal MDT assessment between January and December 2021. All cases received a full or partial postmortem examination and at least a chromosomal microarray analysis. Demographic characteristics, phenotype, genotype, MDT recommendations, diagnoses, outcomes and impact of postmortem analysis and genetic testing data were collected from patient case notes.
RESULTS: Overall, 123 cases were discussed at the MDT meetings in 2021. Genetic evaluation was recommended in 84 cases and accepted in 64 cases. A range of genetic tests were requested according to indication and availability. Thirty diagnoses were made in 29 cases from 26 unrelated families. The diagnostic yield was 24% (29/123) in all cases or 45% (29/64) in cases with a suspected genetic diagnosis who underwent genetic testing. Postmortem examination provided clinically actionable phenotypic data in 79% of cases. A genetic diagnosis enabled accurate recurrence risk counseling and provision of appropriate follow-up, including prenatal testing and preimplantation diagnosis for patients with inherited conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: Genomic testing was a clinically useful addition to (but not a substitute for) postmortem examination in cases of perinatal death associated with structural anomaly. The MDT approach helped assess cases and plan appropriate follow-up. Expedited whole-genome sequencing or panel-agnostic analysis were most appropriate for heterogeneous presentations. This broad approach can also expand knowledge of prenatal phenotypes and detect novel disease genes, and should be a priority in future research. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Although laboratory studies indicate alcohol reduces pain intensity and increases pain threshold, these effects likely do not completely explain perceived pain relief from alcohol intake. In this study, we tested expectancy of alcohol analgesia (EAA) as a moderator of subjective pain relief following oral alcohol challenge in individuals with and without chronic orofacial pain. Social drinkers (N = 48; 19 chronic pain; 29 pain-free controls) completed two testing sessions: alcohol administration (BrAC: 0.08 g/dL) and placebo. Alcohol expectancy (AE) was assessed using the EAA questionnaire and two 100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VASs) regarding strength of belief that alcohol provides pain relief (AE VAS 1) or reduces pain sensitivity (AE VAS 2). Participants completed quantitative sensory testing (QST) involving application of pressure to the masseter insertion. Pain threshold (lbf; three repetitions) and pain intensity (4, 5, and 6 lbf; three repetitions each; 100-mm VAS) were collected. After each stimulus, participants rated perceived pain relief due to consumption of the study beverage (0-100 VAS). Higher EAA and AE VAS 1 ratings were associated with stronger perceived relief in the alcohol, but not placebo, condition. However, expectancy specifically related to reduction in pain sensitivity (AE VAS 2) was not associated with relief. Additionally, changes in pain threshold and intensity were not significantly correlated with perceived relief. Taken together, results suggest expectancy that alcohol provides pain relief is an important determinant of its negative reinforcing effects. Future studies should investigate challenging these expectancies as a means of reducing alcohol-related risk in people with pain. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Hypertension, a disease with known sexual dimorphism, accelerates aging-associated arterial stiffening, partly because of the activation of matrix remodeling caused by increased biomechanical load. In this study, we tested the effect of biological sex and the role of the matrix remodeling enzyme lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) in hypertension-induced arterial stiffening. Hypertension was induced by angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion via osmotic minipumps in 12- to 14-wk-old male and female mice. Blood pressure and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured noninvasively. Wire myography and uniaxial tensile testing were used to test aortic vasoreactivity and mechanical properties. Aortic wall composition was examined by histology and Western blotting. Uniaxial stretch of cultured cells was used to evaluate the effect of biomechanical strain. LOXL2's catalytic function was examined using knockout and inhibition. ANG II infusion-induced hypertension in both genotypes and sexes. Wild-type (WT) males exhibited arterial stiffening in vivo and ex vivo. Aortic remodeling with increased wall thickness, intralamellar distance, higher LOXL2, and collagen I and IV content was noted in WT males. Female mice did not exhibit increased PWV despite the onset of hypertension. LOXL2 depletion improved vascular reactivity and mechanics in hypertensive males. LOXL2 depletion improved aortic mechanics but worsened hypercontractility in females. Hypertensive cyclic strain contributed to LOXL2 upregulation in the cell-derived matrix in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) but not endothelial cells. LOXL2's catalytic function facilitated VSMC alignment in response to biomechanical strain. In conclusion, in males, arterial stiffening in hypertension is driven both by VSMC response and matrix remodeling. Females are protected from PWV elevation in hypertension. LOXL2 depletion is protective in males with improved mechanical and functional aortic properties. VSMCs are the primary source of LOXL2 in the aorta, and hypertension increases LOXL2 processing and shifts to collagen I accumulation. Overall, LOXL2 depletion offers protection in young hypertensive males and females.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examined the effect of sex on the evolution of angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension and the role of lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), an enzyme that catalyzes matrix cross linking. While ANG II led to hypertension and worsening vascular reactivity in both sexes, aortic remodeling and stiffening occurred only in males. LOXL2 depletion improved outcomes in males but not females. Thus males and females exhibit a distinct etiology of hypertension and LOXL2 is an effective target in males.
Clusters of nosocomial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported globally during the recent pandemic. Unfortunately, these clusters negatively affect inpatient morbidity, mortality, and hospital functioning. Using epidemiological data and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of SARS-CoV-2, this study investigated the outbreak of COVID-19 at a university hospital. Eight inpatients and 13 healthcare workers tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during a 1-month period. WGS of the virus in 11 patients revealed that the two variants of concern belonging to the Omicron sublineages, BA.2.3 and BA1.1.2, caused an outbreak when the proportion of the Omicron lineage in the community changed. When variants of concern undergo mutation, a response to the outbreak should be made with multiple variants in mind, even in the absence of epidemiological data showing close contact or other potential vectors of infection. Awareness of infection prevention and control should be raised to safeguard patient safety.
BACKGROUND: Immunosuppression is a leading cause of septic death. Therefore, it is necessary to search for biomarkers that can evaluate the immune status of patients with sepsis. We assessed the diagnostic and prognostic value of low-density neutrophils (LDNs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) subsets in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with sepsis.
METHODS: LDNs and MDSC subsets were compared among 52 inpatients with sepsis, 33 inpatients with infection, and 32 healthy controls to investigate their potential as immune indicators of sepsis. The percentages of LDNs, monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs), and polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) in PBMCs were analyzed. Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) levels were measured concurrently.
RESULTS: The percentages of LDNs and MDSC subsets were significantly increased in infection and sepsis as compared to control. MDSCs performed similarly to CRP and PCT in diagnosing infection or sepsis. LDNs and MDSC subsets positively correlated with PCT and CRP levels and showed an upward trend with the number of dysfunctional organs and SOFA score. Non-survivors had elevated M-MDSCs compared with that of patients who survived sepsis within 28 days after enrollment.
CONCLUSIONS: MDSCs show potential as a diagnostic biomarker comparable to CRP and PCT, in infection and sepsis, even in distinguishing sepsis from infection. M-MDSCs show potential as a prognostic biomarker of sepsis and may be useful to predict 28-day hospital mortality in patients with sepsis.
Fycompa® (perampanel) (oral tablets) treatment will be initiated at 2 milligram (mg) once daily according to the approved package insert, as an add-on drug in addition to other anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) as prescribed by physician. The dose will be increased based on clinical response and tolerability (by increments of 2 mg/day to a maintenance dose of 4 to 12 mg/day) and participants will be enrolled and observed prospectively for up to 54 Weeks.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a liquid shower-gel composition which is not frozen and is capable of being discharged by pump from a vessel by incorporating a free aliphatic acid and the like, an alkali metal source, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant and the like, isoprene glycol and diprepylene glycol into the composition. SOLUTION: This composition is obtained by incorporating 1-20 wt. of (A) a free aliphatic acid or a mixture of free aliphatic acids, 1-20 wt.% of (B) an alkali metal source, 1-20 wt.% of (C) an anionic surfactant or surfactants, 1-15 wt.% of (D) an amphoteric/bi-ionic surfactant, 1-7 wt.% of (E) isoprene glycol and 2-8 wt.% of (F) dipropylene glycol into the composition. The ingredient B is preferably an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkali metal carbonate and the like and the alkali metal is preferably sodium. The composition does not preferably freeze at a temperature less than -10 deg.C. and its viscosity is preferably 50-8,000 cps.
Follow these instructions unless otherwise instructed by your dental professional: 1. After brushing thoroughly with toothpaste, rinse as usual. Adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age or older, apply a thin ribbon of gel to the teeth with a toothbrush or mouth trays once daily for at least one minute, preferably at bedtime. 2. After use, adults expectorate gel. For the best results, do not eat, drink, or rinse for 30 minutes. Pediatric patients, age 6-16, expectorate gel after use and rinse mouth thoroughly.
Participants will be given HAART with Artemisia annua leaf powder of 4 grams per day and Moringa oleifera leaf powder of 10 grams per day. Both Artemisia Annua, Moringa oleifera will be given.
Background: Radical cystectomy (RC) is standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, but it comes with significant perioperative risk, with half of the patients experiencing major postoperative complications. Robot-assisted radical cystectomies (RARCs) have aimed to decrease patient morbidity and been increasingly adopted in North America. Currently, both open radical cystectomies (ORCs) and RARCs are frequently performed. The aim of this study is to contribute to the existing literature using newly available data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP), representing one of the most recent, largest multi-institutional studies, while uniquely accounting for a variety of factors, including type of urinary diversion, cancer staging, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: RC procedures performed between 2019 and 2021 were identified in NSQIP and the corresponding cystectomy-targeted database. Cases in the ORC group were planned open procedures, and cases in the RARC group were robot assisted, including unplanned conversion to open cases for intention to treat. Chi-square and t-tests were performed to compare baseline demographics and operative parameters. Multivariate analysis was performed for outcomes, including major complications, minor complications, and 30-day mortality rates, while adjusting for baseline differences significant on univariate analysis. Results: Five thousand three hundred forty-three RC cases were identified. Of these, 70% underwent planned ORC, while 30% received RARC. RARC was associated with longer operative times and shorter hospital length of stay compared with ORC. On multivariate analysis, there was no difference between the cohorts in 30-day rates of major complications, hospital readmissions, need for reoperation, or mortality. ORC was, however, associated with higher rates of minor complications, bleeding, superficial surgical site infections, and anastomotic leak. Conclusions: In the NSQIP database, ORC is associated with higher rates of 30-day minor complications, most notably bleeding, compared with RARC. However, there is no difference in regard to perioperative major morbidity or mortality rates. This study is unique in the size of the cohorts compared, timeliness of data (2019-2021), applicability to a variety of different practice settings across the country, and ability to control for factors, such as type of urinary diversion and pathological bladder cancer staging, as well as use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) specific to Thomas Jefferson University.