anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Megestrol acetate may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. For animal data on fetal effects, see PRECAUTIONS: Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility: Impairment of Fertility. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking (receiving) this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. Women of childbearing potential should be advised to avoid becoming pregnant.

Megestrol acetate is not intended for prophylactic use to avoid weight loss.

(See also PRECAUTIONS: Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility.)

The glucocorticoid activity of megestrol acetate oral suspension has not been fully evaluated. Clinical cases of new onset diabetes mellitus, exacerbation of pre-existing diabetes mellitus, and overt Cushing's Syndrome have been reported in association with the chronic use of megestrol acetate. In addition, clinical cases of adrenal insufficiency have been observed in patients receiving or being withdrawn from chronic megestrol acetate therapy in the stressed and non-stressed state. Furthermore, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) stimulation testing has revealed the frequent occurrence of asymptomatic pituitary-adrenal suppression in patients treated with chronic megestrol acetate therapy. Therefore, the possibility of adrenal insufficiency should be considered in any patient receiving or being withdrawn from chronic megestrol acetate therapy who presents with symptoms and/or signs suggestive of hypoadrenalism (e.g., hypotension, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or weakness) in either the stressed or non-stressed state. Laboratory evaluation for adrenal insufficiency and consideration of replacement or stress doses of a rapidly acting glucocorticoid are strongly recommended in such patients. Failure to recognize inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may result in death. Finally, in patients who are receiving or being withdrawn from chronic megestrol acetate therapy, consideration should be given to the use of empiric therapy with stress doses of a rapidly acting glucocorticoid in conditions of stress or serious intercurrent illness (e.g., surgery, infection).
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an alarmin released upon epithelial tissue damage. It functions as a nuclear factor for regulating gene expression. We hypothesised that IL-33 is involved in the formation of decubitus ulcers through damaged epidermis. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the mechanism of IL-33 action in decubitus ulcer formation. IL-33 knockout (KO), soluble stimulation-2 (ST2) transgenic, and wild-type (WT) mice were used to construct an ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury as a decubitus model. The ulcer area was significantly reduced in IL-33 KO mice compared to WT mice but was not reduced in ST2 transgenic mice. Anti-IL-33 receptor (transmembrane ST2) antibodies effectively prevented ulcer formation; however, an anti-IL-33 neutralising antibody was ineffective. The number of infiltrating macrophages was higher, while that of neutrophils and mast cells was lower in IL-33 KO mice than in WT mice. The number of M2 macrophages increased in IL-33 KO mice. Characterisation of gene expression levels revealed significantly reduced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and increased C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 expression in IL-33 KO mice. Macrophages isolated from ulcers in WT or IL-33 KO mice stimulated with exogenous IL-33 produced comparable amounts of IL-1β. In conclusion, our study indicates that IL-33 is released in response to I/R injury in the skin, contributing to inflammatory macrophage and mast cell infiltration and stimulation, resulting in IL-1β production and the massive infiltration of effector cells, including neutrophils, which finally induces decubitus ulcer formation. These results suggest that suppressing IL-33 expression could be beneficial for treating early-phase decubitus ulcers.
PURPOSE: To obtain a new compound having excellent aldose reductaseinhibiting action and high oxygen selectivity, useful as a treating and preventing agent for diabetic complication and having low toxicity and high safety. CONSTITUTION: This compound is expressed by formula I [R is H, a lower alkyl or benzyl; Xis cyano, carboxy, carbamoyl, etc.; (n) is 1-3], e.g. 3-[2-(5- trifluoromethylbenzothiazolyl)methyl]-2,4,5-trioxoimidazolidine-1-acetic acid ethylester. The compound is obtained by carrying out condensation reaction of a compound of formula II with a compound of the formula, X-CH2 -R1 (R1 is OH, a halogen, a lower alkyl-So2 -0 group, etc.), further, as necessary, hydrolyzing the resultant product. The condensation reaction can e.g. be carried out in an inert solvent such as ethanol in the presence of an alkali.
In this editorial, we comment on the article by Chen et al recently published in 2024. We focus the debate on whether reducing the upper limit of normal of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) would effectively identify cases of fibrosis in metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This is important given the increasing prevalence of MAFLD and obesity globally. Currently, a suitable screening test to identify patients in the general population does not exist and most patients are screened after the finding of an abnormal ALT. The authors of this paper challenge the idea of what a normal ALT is and whether that threshold should be lowered, particularly as their study found that 83.12% of their study population with a diagnosis of MAFLD had a normal ALT. The main advantages of screening would be to identify patients and provide intervention early, the mainstay of this being changing modifiable risk factors and monitoring for liver fibrosis. However, there is not enough suitable therapeutic options available as of yet although this is likely to change in the coming years with more targets for therapy being discovered. Semaglutide is one example of this which has demonstrated benefit with an acceptable side effect profile for those patients with MAFLD and obesity, although studies have not yet shown a significant improvement in fibrosis regression. It would also require a huge amount of resource if a reduced ALT level alone was used as criteria; it is more likely that current scoring systems such as fibrosis-4 may be amended to represent this additional risk. Currently, there is not a good argument to recommend widespread screening with a reduced ALT level as this is unlikely to be cost-effective. This is compounded by the fact that there is a significant heterogeneity in what is considered a normal ALT between laboratories. Although studies previously have suggested a more pragmatic approach in screening those over the age of 60, this is likely to change with the increasing incidence of obesity within the younger age groups. The main message from this study is that those who have hypercholesterolemia and high body metabolic index should have these risk factors modified to maintain a lower level of ALT to reduce the risk of progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis.
The aim of this study is to investigate the quality of life (QoL) of late postmenopausal Finnish women. In 1995, 71 women were recruited through an advertisement in a local newspaper in the area of Turku in Finland. Exclusion criteria were: a history of previous head injury, neurological, cardiovascular, endocrinological or mental disease, medicated hyperlipidemia, malignancies, abuse of alcohol or medicines and smoking (over 10 cigarettes daily). Inclusion criteria were: previous hysterectomy for a benign reason and postmenopausal status (serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level over 26 U/l). Finally, 65 women were approved for the study.

Originally the study was a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. It included three different periods in which different medications were administered: three months of estrogen/placebo therapy, a one month wash-out period and three months of placebo/estrogen therapy. The women were randomized into two groups, where the other group received first a placebo and then estrogen and the other received first estrogen and then a placebo. Women completed questionnaires at the beginning of the study and after the both periods. After the survey women got to choose if they wanted to continue with the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or not.

Questionnaires were sent to the same women six years later. The intention was to estimate the present QoL of the women. Also their use of HRT, possible chronic diseases and medications were evaluated.

This study is the 17 year follow-up study to the investigation described above. The goal is to measure the QoL of the same women and estimate the factors affecting it in late postmenopausal age. The questionnaires used are the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire (BNSQ) and a common questionnaire to define the women's current life situation, their education and working background, their state of health, medications, the use of HRT and recent life events. The women also filled in the same questionnaires 17 years ago in relation to the first part of the study, and six years after it relating to the first follow-up study. The results of this study are compared to the former investigation results. The above mentioned randomization system is not used this time but the women are processed as only one group. The women are now acting as their own controls and their answers are compared to the responses they gave 17 years earlier. In this way it is possible to determine, if the woman's QoL has changed during aging, and if the change is for the better or worse. The women were already postmenopausal 17 years ago, so the effect of climacterium should be bypassed by now. Therefore, when the results of this study are compared to the former results, it is possible to separate the effect of the climacterium, and on the other hand, the effects of aging, on the QoL and on some symptoms attached to the perimenopausal phase.
Cancer is a disease that many multicellular organisms have faced for millions of years, and species have evolved various tumour suppression mechanisms to control oncogenesis. Although cancer occurs across the tree of life, cancer related mortality risks vary across mammalian orders, with Carnivorans particularly affected. Evolutionary theory predicts different selection pressures on genes associated with cancer progression and suppression, including oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes and immune genes. Therefore, we investigated the evolutionary history of cancer associated gene sequences across 384 mammalian taxa, to detect signatures of selection across categories of oncogenes (GRB2, FGL2 and CDC42), tumour suppressors (LITAF, Casp8 and BRCA2) and immune genes (IL2, CD274 and B2M). This approach allowed us to conduct a fine scale analysis of gene wide and site-specific signatures of selection across mammalian lineages under the lens of cancer susceptibility. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that for most species the evolution of cancer associated genes follows the species' evolution. The gene wide selection analyses revealed oncogenes being the most conserved, tumour suppressor and immune genes having similar amounts of episodic diversifying selection. Despite BRCA2's status as a key caretaker gene, episodic diversifying selection was detected across mammals. The site-specific selection analyses revealed that the two apoptosis associated domains of the Casp8 gene of bats (Chiroptera) are under opposing forces of selection (positive and negative respectively), highlighting the importance of site-specific selection analyses to understand the evolution of highly complex gene families. Our results highlighted the need to critically assess different types of selection pressure on cancer associated genes when investigating evolutionary adaptations to cancer across the tree of life. This study provides an extensive assessment of cancer associated genes in mammals with highly representative, and substantially large sample size for a comparative genomic analysis in the field and identifies various avenues for future research into the mechanisms of cancer resistance and susceptibility in mammals.
The prodn. of a self-curing or self- and light-curing compsn. (I) by mixing 2 components, comprising (a) an inorganic cpd. and (b) an acid component; the mixt. contains polymerisable cpds. with at least 1 double bond (II). Pref. component (a) is metal oxide or a mixt. or melt of metal oxides, silicate or fluorosilicate; (II) are (meth)acrylate esters, pref. hydrophilic (meth)acrylate esters or corresp. hydrophobic esters with a solubiliser (pref. a hydrophilic (meth)acrylate ester); acid component is H3PO4 or an organic acid, e.g. polyacrylic acid or a co- or ter-polymer of (meth)acrylic acid with maleic, fumaric, tiglic, itaconic acid, etc., (I) is produced by mixing a powder and a liq. or by mixing 2 pastes. USE/ADVANTAGE - (I) is useful as a dental cement (for filling cavities and cementing plastic, ceramic or metal attachments onto teeth) and as a surgical repair and bone-replacement material. The combination of glass-ionomer cement and chemically-cured or light-cured polymer gives a fast-setting composite system with long working time, which bonds to dentine by means of the GI component and to composite filling materials by means of the polymerisable component, the system is therefore useful esp. as a lining material under composite restorations, since the bond strength between (I) and composite is in the range of enamel-composite bond strengths obtd. by using the acid-etching technique.
INTRODUCTION: Dental pulp regeneration is challenging in endodontics. Cellular therapy is an alternative approach to induce dental pulp regeneration. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to induce dental pulp-like tissue formation. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of allogeneic bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) to regenerate pulp following necrosis and apical periodontitis in children's permanent immature apex teeth.
METHODS: Patients aged 8 to 12 years with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis were evaluated. The study included 15 teeth (13 incisors and 2 molars) from 14 patients (8 boys and 6 girls). Radiographic evaluation showed periapical radiolucency and immature apex teeth. There was no response to cold or electric pulp testing. The root canal of each tooth was cleaned, shaped, and Ca(OH)2 used as an interappointment medication. Cryopreserved allogeneic BM-MSCs were thawed, expanded, incorporated into preclotted platelet-rich plasma, and implanted into the tooth's pulp cavity. They were sealed with bioceramic cement and composite. Sensibility, apical foramen, calcium deposits within the root canal, and resolution of periapical lesions were evaluated in each tooth over the following 12 months.
RESULTS: Based on 9 variables established for dental pulp-like tissue regeneration, all MSC-treated teeth showed evidence of successful regeneration. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the treated teeth showed periapical lesion healing, sensitivity to cold and electricity, decreased width of the apical foramen, and mineralization within the canal space.
CONCLUSIONS: Transplantation of allogeneic MSCs induces the formation of dental pulp-like tissue in permanent immature apex teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis. Implant of MSCs constitutes a potential therapy in regenerative endodontics in pediatric dentistry. Future studies incorporating a larger sample size may confirm these results.
Before patients receive concurrent chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy, they are given resistance exercise training and walking training for 12 consecutive weeks. After that, the patient is asked to regularly perform resistance exercise and walking for at least 1 year.
This clinical trial will assess the performance (accuracy) of the CONTOUR NEXT and the CONTOUR TV3 monitoring systems ("BGMS") by lay users enrolled as subjects in the study, and by health care professionals. According to a randomization schedule, subjects will be assigned to use either the CONTOUR NEXT or CONTOUR TV3 meters first and then switch and use the second meter, performing the same testing with both meters. They will learn to use the assigned meter by reading the corresponding User Guide (UG) and Quick Reference Guide (QRG). Each subject will perform one fingerstick self-test a palm (AST) test and the study staff will perform a fingerstick test on the subject. All subject self-test results and study staff results will be compared to results from the reference analyzer from a deeper fingerstick. Hematocrit will be measured for all subjects. After testing, all subjects will then complete a questionnaire (Questionnaire 1) to provide feedback on the meter system and instructions for use (UG and QRG). Subjects with diabetes will also have their glucose tested via venipuncture. After all testing is completed on these subjects, the study staff will demonstrate several features of the meter system that would not necessarily be experienced during the brief accuracy testing. These subjects with diabetes will be given a second questionnaire (Questionnaire 2) to provide feedback about the new features of the system. After completing the study procedures for one BGMS, all subjects will then repeat all of these procedures using the second BGMS, except the hematocrit and venipuncture procedures.
The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine formula and a method for treating large intestine meridian tissue diseases. The traditional Chinese medicine formula comprises 2g of cimicifuga foetida, 3g of cassia seed, 2g of phellodendron, 2g of common andrographis herb, 3g of picrorhiza scrophulariiflora pennell, 2g of senna leaf, 2g of croton seed, 3g of mangnolia officinalis, 1g of sun euphorbia herb, 2g of Chingma abutilon seed, 3g of pepper, 3g of immature bitter orange, 3g of common vladimiria root, 3g of garden burnet, 3g of peach seed, 2g of boat-fruited scaphium seed, 2g of grosvenor momordica fruit, 2g of arborvitae seed, 3g of honey, 3g of walnut kernel, 3g of black sesame and 3g of cistanche deserticola. Chosen acupoints comprise Hegu, Yangxi, Pianli, Wenliu, Xialian, Quchi, Zhouliao, Jianyu, Jugu, Tianding, Futu and Kouheliao. Auxiliary apparatuses comprise a barrel for discharging foreign matters, a barrel for introducing medicines, an auxiliary barrel, an ozone generator, a supersonic generator for discharging foreign matters, a supersonic generator for introducing foreign matters and the like. Auxiliary articles comprise purified water, cimicifuga foetida and Chinese gall. Operation processes comprise discharging foreign matters and introducing medicines. A drug prepared according to the traditional Chinese medicine formula can cure large intestine meridian tissue diseases and can be utilized for clinical treatment.
The study is designed as a placebo controlled trial that tests the effects of 6 month supplementation with daily meals containing 1 avocado or isocaloric amounts of chickpeas and/or potatoes on cognitive function in older adults. Subjects will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups. Secondary analyses will determine whether baseline macular pigment density (a non invasive measure of lutein and zeaxanthin in neural tissue) predicts relative effectiveness of the intervention on cognitive function. Secondary outcomes include plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Participants will be recruited from community-dwelling men and women aged \>50 yr, and potential participants will be screened to meet cognitive and functional criteria. Participants will be pre-screened by telephone; those who appear to meet criteria will undergo further screening. The study will include baseline (0 month), 3 and 6 month visits for study procedures, and monthly telephone calls. Given that there is a visible difference between the two interventions, a blinded study is not possible.
Adrenocortical disease (ACD) in ferrets develops as a result of the effect of increased concentration of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) on adrenal LH receptors. This increase in LH often results from the neutering of male or female ferrets. Neutered ferrets have no negative feedback of the ovarian or testicular hormone and as a result LH is elevated 3 to 10 times normal. Elevated LH may be prevented and/or treated by injection of GnRH vaccine. Administration of GnRH produces antibodies to endogenous GnRH. The GnRH-anti-GnRH immune-complex is ineffective in stimulating the release of LH and FSH in the anterior pituitary resulting drop in concentration of LH in the systemic circulation. This reduction in LH significantly reduces the occurrence or clinical symptoms of ACD therein. Moreover, treatment of ferrets with the GnRH provides long term relief from ACD for a period of a year or more.
The syphilis epidemic is rampant around the world, and therapeutic options are restricted to an antibiotic, intramuscular (IM) BPG, which does not efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier. Treponema pallidum (T.p.), the bacteria that causes syphilis, invades the central nervous system (CNS) in 40% of patients, usually without symptoms. The prognostic implications of CNS invasion are the potential for severe neurologic complications, and treatment failure due to sequestered bacteria in the CNS. When indicated, the only way to identify and treat neurosyphilis is by lumbar puncture to examine the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), followed by intravenous (IV) Benzyl penicillin therapy. The invetigators have carried out in silico studies showing that oxazolidinones are potentially active against T.p., are neuropenetrative and can be administered orally. The invetigators have carried out preclinical studies using an in vitro culture system for T.p. and the use of the syphilis animal model with rabbits to test different antibiotics. The invetigators have confirmed that LZD was the best compound that could go on to be tested in clinical trials to treat syphilis.

The Trep-AB clinical trial will test the efficacy of an investigational neuropenetrative drug, LZD, compared to standard treatment BPG, for early syphilis in humans conducting a randomized controlled clinical. Primary objective is to demonstrate the non-inferiority of LZD treatment compared with standard BPG treatment to cure patients with early syphilis. Seconday objective is to isolate T.p. strains in clinical samples to subtype DNA from patients at baseline and during recurrence or treatment failure.
Patients with a well established infertility requiring IVF treatment and who are \<40. Cohort will consist of patients going through a fresh day 5 transfer with a planned transfer of a single good quality embryo. Patients will go thorough a Ultrasound scan performed through a vaginal probe on the morning of the embryo transfer.
Inventor's general objective was to investigate the potential role of mucosal thrombin in intestinal inflammation and its mechanisms of action. First, they evaluated whether there is an increased presence of active thrombin in Crohn's Disease (CD): both in patient tissues and in an animal models of IBD. Second, they investigated the effects on mucosal damage and tissue dysfunction resulting from the intracolonic administration of thrombin at a dose comparable to what was detected in the tissue of CD patients. Third, they demonstrated in IBD mouse model that pharmacological inhibition of mucosal thrombin activity is a new therapeutic approach to this debilitating condition, such inhibition, allows to significantly decrease all inflammatory parameters including the fecal bleeding score. Finally, inventors showed that human mucosa-associated commensal biofilms exposed to increasing concentrations of human thrombin exhibited increase in their virulent properties specifically, increased bacterial invasion into human epithelial cell line). So, the present invention relates to a method for preventing or treating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) by targeting locally the mucosal Thrombin.