anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
RATIONALE: Artificial Intelligence (AI) large language models (LLM) are tools capable of generating human-like text responses to user queries across topics. The use of these language models in various medical contexts is currently being studied. However, the performance and content quality of these language models have not been evaluated in specific medical fields.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the performance of AI LLMs ChatGPT, Gemini and Copilot in providing information to parents about chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and compare the information accuracy and quality with that of a reference source.
METHODS: In this study, 40 frequently asked questions about CKD were identified. The accuracy and quality of the answers were evaluated with reference to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. The accuracy of the responses generated by LLMs was assessed using F1, precision and recall scores. The quality of the responses was evaluated using a five-point global quality score (GQS).
RESULTS: ChatGPT and Gemini achieved high F1 scores of 0.89 and 1, respectively, in the diagnosis and lifestyle categories, demonstrating significant success in generating accurate responses. Furthermore, ChatGPT and Gemini were successful in generating accurate responses with high precision values in the diagnosis and lifestyle categories. In terms of recall values, all LLMs exhibited strong performance in the diagnosis, treatment and lifestyle categories. Average GQ scores for the responses generated were 3.46 ± 0.55, 1.93 ± 0.63 and 2.02 ± 0.69 for Gemini, ChatGPT 3.5 and Copilot, respectively. In all categories, Gemini performed better than ChatGPT and Copilot.
CONCLUSION: Although LLMs provide parents with high-accuracy information about CKD, their use is limited compared with that of a reference source. The limitations in the performance of LLMs can lead to misinformation and potential misinterpretations. Therefore, patients and parents should exercise caution when using these models.
Iron: Signs and Symptoms: Iron is toxic. Acute overdosage of iron may cause nausea and vomiting and, in severe cases, cardiovascular collapse and death. Other symptoms include pallor and cyanosis, melena, shock, drowsiness and coma. The estimated overdose of orally ingested iron is 300 mg/kg body weight. When overdoses are ingested by children, severe reactions, including fatalities, have resulted. PureVit DualFe Plus should be stored beyond the reach of children to prevent against accidental iron poisoning. Keep this and all other drugs out of reach of children.

Treatment: For specific therapy, exchange transfusion and chelating agents should be used. For general management, perform gastric lavage with sodium bicarbonate solution or milk. Administer intravenous fluids and electrolytes and use oxygen.
Inflammation may contribute to postoperative cardiac complications and ketorolac, an anti-inflammatory agent inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX), shows promise in enhancing cardiac graft patency by suppressing endothelial cell proliferation in animal studies. However, the safety of postoperative ketorolac use remains controversial. This study investigates the association between early ketorolac application and complications following cardiac surgery. Data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database fueled this retrospective cohort study. The primary outcome is a composite of mortality, pulmonary insufficiency, severe acute kidney injury (AKI), hemorrhage or hematoma, infection, cardiogenic shock, and cerebrovascular infarction postcardiac surgery. Propensity score matching (PSM; 1:1 match, caliper 0.2), multivariate logistic regression, interaction stratification analysis, pairwise algorithmic, and overlap weight model analyses were employed. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7143 patients who underwent valvular surgery or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were included. PSM created a balanced cohort of 3270 individuals (1635 in the ketorolac group). The matched cohort exhibited an 8.1% overall rate of postoperative complications, with a lower composite outcome rate in patients receiving ketorolac within 48 h of surgery compared with those without (PSM, OR 0.70 [95% CI, 0.54-0.90]). Consistent associations were observed in total cohort analyses, sensitivity, and subgroup analyses. Early ketorolac use within 48 h post-CABG or valvular procedures in adults is independently associated with a lower incidence of composite postoperative adverse events. Prospective trials are warranted to assess causality.
Melanoma poses a poor prognosis with high mortality rates upon metastasis. Exploring the molecular mechanisms governing melanoma progression paves the way for developing novel approaches to control melanoma metastasis and ultimately enhance patient survival rates. Extracellular galectin-3 (Gal-3) has emerged as a pleiotropic promoter of melanoma metastasis, exerting varying activities depending on its interacting partner. However, whether intracellular Gal-3 promotes melanoma aggressive behavior remains unknown. In this study, we explored Gal-3 expression in human melanoma tissues as well as in murine melanoma models to examine its causal role in metastatic behavior. We found that Gal-3 expression is downregulated in metastatic melanoma tissues compared with its levels in primary melanomas. Enforced silencing of Gal-3 in melanoma cells promoted migration, invasion, colony formation, in vivo xenograft growth, and metastasis and activated canonical oncogenic signaling pathways. Moreover, loss of Gal-3 in melanoma cells resulted in upregulated the expression of the prometastatic transcription factor NFAT1 and its downstream metastasis-associated proteins, matrix metalloproteinase 3, and IL-8. Overall, our findings implicate melanoma intracellular Gal-3 as a major determinant of its metastatic behavior and reveal a negative regulatory role for Gal-3 on the expression of NFAT1 in melanoma cells.
PURPOSE: To describe the evolution of posterior staphyloma-induced serous maculopathy (PSISM) in a patient with myopic tilted disc syndrome and its treatment with subthreshold micro pulse laser (SMPL) therapy.
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 38-year-old male, diagnosed previously with classical features of myopic tilted disc syndrome presented to the retina clinic after 5 years from the initial presentation with blurred vision in the right eye for 6 months, visual acuity of 6/15 and findings of serous macular detachment (SMD) and subretinal precipitates at the upper margin of the posterior staphyloma. Retinal imaging ruled out other causes of SMD such as chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, myopic macular neovascularisation and dome shaped macula. A diagnosis of PSISM was confirmed. The left eye fundus and macula was normal.
RESULTS: Confluent SMPL burns were applied across the SMD. The serous maculopathy resolved over a period of 2 months and visual acuity improved to 6/9. No recurrence of SMD was noted even after 14 months post SMPL.
CONCLUSION: PSISM develops gradually in eyes with myopic titled disc syndrome. SMPL is a viable therapeutic option in the management of PSISM and should be considered early in the treatment options.
The present invention relates to the compositions, methods, and applications of a new approach to pattern recognition based targeting by which an exponential amplification of effector response can be specifically obtained at a targeted cells. The purpose of this invention is to enable the selective delivery of large quantities of an array of effector molecules to target cells for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The invention is comprised of two components designated as “Compound 1” and “Compound 2”: Compound 1 is comprised of a cell binding agent and a masked female adaptor. Compound 2 is comprised of a male ligand, an effector agent, and two or more masked female receptors. The male ligand is selected to bind with high affinity to the female adaptor. Compound 1 can bind with high affinity to the target cell and the female receptor can then be unmasked by an enzyme enriched at the tumor cell. The male ligand of Compound 2 can then bind to the unmasked female adaptor bound to the target cell. The masked female adaptor on the bound Compound 2 can then be specifically unmasked. One receptor has in effect become two. Two new molecules of Compound 2 can bind to the unmasked adaptors receptors. After unmasking two receptors in effect become four. The process can continue in an explosive exponential like fashion resulting in enormous amplification of the number of effector molecules specifically deposited at the target cell.
Ovarian cancer is the second most common cause of gynecologic cancer death. Chemoresistance and metastasis remain major challenges for current treatment. Previously, HAPSTR1 was shown to be a target gene of a paclitaxel resistance-associated miRNA. However, the biological function and underlying molecular mechanisms of HAPSTR1 in ovarian cancer progression remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to measure HAPSTR1 expression in ovarian cancer specimens and examine its correlations with clinical features and key functional interactions with other genes and proteins. An immunohistochemistry assay showed that HAPSTR1 was overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues and was significantly associated with the FIGO stage and clinical outcome. HAPSTR1 overexpression promoted proliferation, invasion and migration in cellular and mouse models, whereas inhibition induced the opposite effects. In addition, HAPSTR1 stimulated the EMT pathway and affected the expression of autophagy biomarkers. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that HAPSTR1 is bound to LRPPRC and PSMD14 via immunoprecipitation. HAPSTR1 suppressed LRPPRC ubiquitination and recruited PSMD14 to interact with LRPPRC. Moreover, LRPPRC knockdown reversed HAPSTR1-mediated improvement in cellular proliferation, invasion, and migration. Our study is the first detailed and comprehensive analysis of HAPSTR1 in cancer progression and offers an experimental basis for the clinical treatment of ovarian carcinoma.
Serum corticosterone, serum buprenorphine, body weight change, consumption of food and water and behaviour-based pain assessment were measured in catheterised and non-catheterised male Wistar rats undergoing myocardial infarct (MI) surgery under general anaesthesia following buprenorphine dosing by subcutaneous (Bup-SC, 0.05 mg/kg) and oral (Bup-O, 0.4 mg/kg) routes. Buprenorphine was dosed subcutaneously at half an hour before and 8, 16 and 24 hours after surgery (Bup-SC), orally at one hour before surgery (Bup-O1) or at one hour before and 12 hours after surgery (Bup-O2) in catheterised rats and at one hour before and 24 hours after surgery (Bup-O24) in non-catheterised rats. Serum corticosterone, body weight changes and food and water consumption were not significantly different between treatments in catheterised rats. Bup-SC resulted in rapidly decreasing serum concentrations below the clinically effective concentrations (1 ng/mL) already at two hours after the first dose. Bup-O provided significantly higher and slowly decreasing serum concentrations, at or above clinically effective concentrations, for 24 hours (Bup-O1) and 42 hours (Bup-O2) after surgery. In non-catheterised rats, body weight development and food consumption were significantly higher in Bup-O24 rats compared to Bup-SC rats. The results indicate that a SC buprenorphine dose of 0.05 mg/kg every eight hours provides long periods of serum concentrations below clinically effective levels, and that a higher dose and/or more frequent dosage are required to provide stable serum concentrations at or above clinically effective levels. A single oral buprenorphine dose of 0.4 mg/kg provides clinically effective and stable serum concentrations for 24 hours in rats after MI surgery.
PURPOSE:To efficiently obtain iridoid glucosides from a plant body by culturing the plant body of Rehmannia glutiosa Libosch. under specific culture conditions and selecting a strain capable of highly producing iridoid glucosides. CONSTITUTION:A plant body induced and grown by culturing a cell, tissue or organ of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. is cultured (at 10-40 deg.C for about 3-6 weeks) in the first medium obtained by adding 0.5-4mg/l naphthalene acetic acid as a plant growth regulating substance and sucrose as carbon source to a medium (e.g. MS medium) used in the tissue culture of ordinary plants. Then the plant body is cultured in the second medium containing glucose at a concentration of 3-7% as a carbon source for about 6-8 weeks and iridoid glucosides (e.g. catalpol) are recovered from the resultant plant body. In the above- mentioned procedures, after culturing in the first medium, a strain capable of highly producing the iridoid glucosides is selected and the selected strain is preferably used in the successive culture.
A water soluble antibacterial fraction is obtd. from animal serum by the following process: the animal(s) are given a non-lethal dose of gram negative bacteria lipoplysaccharides (LPS) and, after sufficient time for the animal to acquire protection, an infecting agent such as Klebsiella pneumoniae is given in a dose that is higher than LD100 to untreated animals but lower than the toxic dose to the treated animal, and, after sufficient time for the biosynthesis of antibacterial products, the serum contg. the anti-bacterial properties, is taken. The LPS is pref. obtd. from Salmonella enteritidis, and the time between injection of LPS and injection of K. pneumoniae is about 24 hrs. The serum is pref. taken 1-9 days after admin. of the LPS. The fraction may be concd. by selective pptn. of the serum using ammonium sulphate. This may be purified by dissolution in a buffer, dialysis, and fixation of a DEAE cellulose resin.
BACKGROUND: Based on the present global burden of oral diseases, unmet dental needs affect a more significant population worldwide. It is characterised by the need for dental care but receiving delayed or no care. The contributing factors include lack of knowledge about oral health, its consequences, and the availability of dental services. We need to find out the scale of the problem of unmet dental needs for the south Indian population. Therefore, the objective was to determine the relationship between the presence of oral disease and the quality of life-related to oral health using the OHIP-14 tool.
METHODS: The unmet dental requirements of the south Indian population were determined using a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Close-ended questions were used to obtain data from two investigators trained to record the answers from the patients. The data was collected using the OHIP-14 questionnaire, which consists of 14 items divided into seven domains with two questions each. Physical pain, psychological impairment, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability, and disability were all considered. An additional analysis of artificial neural network (ANN) was done.
RESULTS: The response rate was 100 per cent. N = 1029 people replied to the questionnaire about their unmet dental needs. N = 497 (48.3%) were men, whereas N = 532 (51.7%) were women. The average age was 31.7811.72. As their current occupation, most of the included subjects (60.1%) were students. The respondents had no known personal habits and a mixed diet (94.93%). The average BMI was 24.022.59 (14-30.9). OHIP was present in 62.3% of the population. The average OHIP-14 severity score was 10.97. (8.54). The severity and degree of unmet dental need were substantial (p0.01) due to pain in the mouth/teeth/gums, malocclusion, and gum bleeding. The most common OHIP-14 domains affected by unmet oral needs were psychological discomfort, psychological limitation, social limitation, and feeling handicapped. The analysis of ANN revealed that high OHIP scores were primarily attributed to dental caries, poor oral health, and dental aesthetics.
CONCLUSION: The severity and degree of unmet dental needs were significant among the south Indian population. The most common oral health status that impacted OHIP-14 domains were pain, malocclusion, and bleeding gums. These patients were significantly impacted by psychological discomfort and social limitations and felt handicapped.
In a process for producing dental components, first and second cast parts are used. The first cast part is provided with an outer shape or outer surface corresponding to an inner shape or inner surface of the dental component. The first cast part is applied in a space of the second cast part. The space has a volume which exceeds the volume of the first cast part. A gel slurry is applied in the space remaining between the first and second cast parts. The gel slurry is solidified and the first cast part can, together with the solidified slurry, be removed from the second cast part and be processed to form the outer shape of the dental component. A processed gel slurry or dental component component can then be sintered. The invention also concerns a dental component constructed using gel slurry. The invention imparts a strength which satisfies dental requirements and has very low toxicity.
Our study aimed to evaluate and compare the changes in ulnar nerve tension and strain at different elbow positions radiologically and mechanically before and after applying the medial K-wire on the supracondylar humerus fracture cadaver model. We used ten fresh frozen cadaver upper extremity specimens to measure strain and tension on the ulnar nerve in 3 different elbow positions: elbow full extension, elbow flexion-forearm supination, and elbow flexion-forearm pronation. We employed Shear wave elastography (Siemens Acuson S3000 USG, 9L4 linear probe) and a microstrain gauge (Microstrain, Inc., Burlington) to obtain our measurements. Minimum, maximum and mean stress and strain values on the nerve and its surroundings were measured and compared statistically. The mean values of elbows with full extension are statistically lower than those in elbows with 90° flexion-forearm supination and those with 90° flexion-forearm pronation positions. Statistical evaluations were performed between all of the groups. Elbow 90° flexion-forearm pronation, both minimum and maximum and mean values were statistically higher in the group, including the specimens with Kirschner applied. The mean values in the elbow full extension and elbow 90° flexion-forearm supination positions were statistically similar in the specimens with and without the K-wire applied. Despite the numerous techniques described in the literature, there is no absolute technical method to prevent ulnar nerve damage. K-wire application to the medial epicondyle with the elbow in a slightly extended position is a technique that can be applied to reduce the risk of ulnar nerve paralysis. However, it has been reported that ulnar nerve damage can be observed in cases where a splint is placed in the 90° flexion position. We hypothesize that the position of the elbow joint in the postoperative period may contribute to ulnar nerve paralysis due to soft tissue tension and strain and as a result of changing the balance of the surrounding tissues. Our findings suggest that the long arm splint applied in elbow 90° flexion and forearm pronation position should not be preferred in the postoperative period. The maximum strain values obtained in the elbow full extension were lower, suggesting that it would be appropriate to stabilize the elbow in the extension position as much as possible postoperatively. Level of evidence: Level V.
Healthy volunteers who meet eligibility criteria, have been fully informed and provided written informed consent will be enrolled into this study. Each participant will be required to donate up to 3 finger stick samples for testing on one occasion. The maximum trial duration for each participant is one visit/occasion. This will be followed by a standard venipuncture for (1) a neutral tube (Red Top) for analysis by the on-test method, (1) one sodium citrate tube (Blue Top) for analysis by the comparative/reference laboratory method. Sample collection will take place within the clinic session. The maximum trial duration for each participant is one clinic session.
Opioid withdrawal symptoms are a major contributing factor for why opioid treatment programs often fail. Individuals with severe opioid withdrawal may experience shaking, muscle and bone pain, nausea, depression, anxiety, and drug craving. Buprenorphine, a medication that is used to treat opioid addiction, works by lessening the withdrawal symptoms. However, past research has shown that individuals who use buprenorphine are at risk for abusing the drug. Naloxone, another medication, is currently used to treat substance addiction. It is also used in combination with buprenorphine to reduce the risk of buprenorphine abuse in individuals who are physically dependent upon opioids. The purpose of this study is to compare the abuse potential of buprenorphine versus a buprenorphine and naloxone combination in non-dependent opioid users.

This 7-week study will enroll non-dependent opioid users. Participants will take part in two medication challenge sessions per week. At each challenge session, participants will be randomly assigned to receive varying doses of either buprenorphine; a buprenorphine and naloxone combination; hydromorphone, which is a medication used to treat moderate to severe pain; or placebo. Buprenorphine and naloxone will be administered as tablets that are dissolved under the tongue. Hydromorphone will be injected. During the challenge sessions, participants will complete performance tasks to measure psychomotor and cognitive functioning. Questionnaires and self-reports will be completed to assess medication effects. Heart rate and blood pressure will be monitored throughout all sessions, and a specialized camera will be used to assess pupillary response of the eyes.
Pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus) is a cereal crop that can tolerate high temperatures, drought, and low-fertility conditions where other crops lose productivity. However, genes regulating this ability are largely unknown. Transcription factors (TFs) regulate transcription of their target genes, regulate downstream biological processes, and thus are candidates for regulators of such tolerance of pearl millet. PgWRKY74 encodes a group IIc WRKY TF in pearl millet and is downregulated by drought. PgWRKY74 may have a role in drought tolerance. The objective of this study was to gain insights into the physiological and biochemical functions of PgWRKY74. Yeast one-hybrid and gel shift assays were performed to examine transcriptional activation potential and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-binding ability, respectively. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing PgWRKY74-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion gene were generated and tested for growth and stress-responsive gene expression under mannitol and NaCl-stressed conditions. A construct with PgWRKY74 enabled yeast reporter cells to survive on test media in the yeast one-hybrid assays. The electrophoretic mobility of DNA with putative WRKY TF-binding motifs was lower in the presence of a recombinant PgWRKY74 protein than its absence. The PgWRKY74-GFP-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited smaller rosette areas than did wild-type plants under mannitol-stressed and NaCl-stressed conditions, and exhibited weaker expression of RD29B, which is induced by the stress-related phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), under the mannitol-stressed condition. PgWRKY74 have transcriptional activation potential and DNA-binding ability, and can negatively regulate plant responses to mannitol and NaCl stresses, possibly by decreasing ABA levels or ABA sensitivity.