anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Microglial efferocytosis plays a crucial role in facilitating and sustaining homeostasis in the central nervous system, and it is involved in neuropsychiatric disorders. How microglial efferocytosis is affected under the condition of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains elusive. In this study, we hypothesized that microglial efferocytosis in the hippocampus is impaired in the chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) model of MDD, which is involved in the development of MDD.
METHOD: Depressive-like behavior in adult male mice was induced by CUMS and confirmed by behavioral tests. Microglial efferocytosis was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining of hippocampal slices and primary microglia co-cultured with apoptotic cells. The protein and mRNA levels of phagocytosis-related molecules and inflammation-related cytokines were detected using western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. Annexin V was injected to mimic impairment of microglial efferocytosis. TREM2-siRNA was further used on primary microglia to examine efferocytosis-related signaling pathways.
RESULTS: Microglia were activated and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines was increased in CUMS mice, while microglial efferocytosis and efferocytosis-related molecules were decreased. Inhibition of the TREM2/Rac1 pathway impaired microglial efferocytosis. Annexin V injection inhibited microglial efferocytosis, increased inflammation in the hippocampus and depressive-like behavior.
LIMITATIONS: The potential antidepressant effect of the upregulation of the TREM2/Rac1 pathway was not evaluated.
CONCLUSIONS: Impairment of microglial efferocytosis is involved in the development of depressive-like behavior, with downregulation of the TREM2/Rac1 pathway and increased inflammation. These results may increase our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with MDD and provide novel targets for therapeutic interventions.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, resulting in sleep fragmentation and oxyhemoglobin desaturation. OSA is recognized as an important public health problem in developed country, affecting 9 and 24% of middle-aged females and males, respectively. OSA, however, is not recognized as an abnormality for the majority and doesn't get more attention from most people in China. Increasing evidence now indicates that severe OSA is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, mainly due to acute myocardial infarction and stroke. Atherosclerosis is a key mechanism for these cardiovascular events. Numerous studies have explored the relationship between hypertension and OSA. And these studies confirms that OSA is an important identifiable cause of hypertension and a raised blood pressure has been shown to fall with effective continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Dyslipidemia, an established independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and atherosclerosis, is common in patients with OSA. But there are limited interventional data on OSA and lipidemia, showing controversial results. Several studies9,10 have shown a direct relationship between OSA and lipid profiles, independently of obesity, while other studies have demonstrated that obesity, as a confounding factor, contributed to dyslipidemia among OSA patients.11,12 Taken together, adiposity is a strong confounding factor for interpretation of the causal relationship between dyslipidemia and OSA. Few studies have focused on nonobese patients.10,13 There are only a small number of randomized trials that have examined the effect of CPAP on fasting lipid profiles14,15 and none were specifically designed to evaluate the lipid profiles. Furthermore, most studies assessed the impact of CPAP on OSA-related lipids without statin therapy. In this way, it may be useful to avoid the disturb conditions due to statin treatment. But it is impractical to those patients with OSA and CHD. Since statins, in addition to decreasing hyperlipidemia levels, also inhibit inflammatory cytokines and play a critical role of plaque stabilization in CHD patients. Similarly, the condition existed in the examination of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in CHD subjects with OSA. Therefore, the aims of the present study were (1) to establish whether CPAP therapy decreases lipid profiles and hs-CRP levels in nonobese patients with CHD and OSA, (2) to establish whether a relationship exists between the severity of OSA and levels of these circulating markers, and (3) to demonstrate a possible mechanism for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
The individual identification form was first filled out using the face-to-face interview technique. An explanation given regarding filling out the scale and they will be asked to fill it out by self-reporting method under observation. When the mothers in the training group feel good and ready; discharge training gave using the discharge training brochure prepared by the researchers by reviewing the literature. We provided discharge training in the mother's own room and in an average of 30-45 minutes with a one-on-one training method. Mothers asked to fill out the "RHD-NMF" themselves again, close to postnatal discharge.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of medications initially developed for the treatment of diabetes, although their cardiac and renal protective benefits are far reaching. There has been marked interest in the rheumatology community to adopt these medications into our clinical practice, particularly for chronic kidney disease with persistent proteinuria.
RECENT FINDINGS: SGLT2 inhibitors have been approved for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the setting of type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as chronic kidney disease with proteinuria. Large studies on SGLT2 inhibitors have largely excluded patients with proteinuric chronic kidney disease due to autoimmune glomerulonephritis due to concerns for confounding from immunosuppression. The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in CKD Trial (DAPA-CKD) showed that SGLT2 inhibition decreased progression of renal disease in patients with IgA nephropathy. Expanding this to other autoimmune glomerulonephropathies, several small studies have shown improvements in proteinuria in patients with lupus nephritis treated with SGLT2 inhibitors. A study evaluating safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with lupus identified no specific concerns even with concomitant use of immunosuppression.
SUMMARY: Small studies have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors can been utilized safely and efficaciously in patients with lupus nephritis. Additional research is needed to identify where these medications fit into the rheumatology treatment armamentarium.
A water-like fluid containing a significant quantity of soluble dietary fibre is described. The resulting solution is generally optically clear and has physical properties similar to potable water. The fluid is intended as a replacement for bottled, or other water, as a means to ensure proper hydration. Depending on the soluble fibre used the fluid is either non-caloric or extremely low in calories. The amount of soluble fibre is adjusted to a specific amount of water so that consumption of an adequate amount of fluid ensures hydration will also provide an optimal amount of dietary fibre. This is particularly valuable in stressed situations where the diet may not provide adequate fibre without supplementation. The constant metered supply of fibre provided throughout the day is preferable to, and more convenient than, "bolus" administration of fibre through laxatives, etc. Additionally, the constant presence of soluble fibre in the digestive tract provides the known beneficial effects of moderating the postprandial increase in blood glucose, modulating serum lipid levels, and suppressing appetite.
BACKGROUND: The diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) should be highly sensitive and specific. Clinicians have varying opinions on the different criteria, including the International Working Group-1 (IWG-1), International Working Group-2 (IWG-2), and AT(N) criteria. Few studies had evaluated the performance of these criteria in diagnosing AD and preclinical AD when the gold standard was absent.
METHODS: We estimated and compared the performance of these criteria in diagnosing AD using data from 908 subjects in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Additionally, 622 subjects were selected to evaluate and compare the performance of IWG-2 and AT(N) criteria in diagnosing preclinical AD. A novel approach, Bayesian latent class models with fixed effect dependent, was utilized to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of these criteria in detecting different AD statuses simultaneously.
RESULTS: The sensitivity of the IWG-1, IWG-2, and AT(N) criteria in diagnosing AD was 0.850, 0.836, and 0.665. The specificity of these criteria was 0.788, 0.746, and 0.747. The IWG-1 criteria had the highest Youden Index in detecting AD. When diagnosing preclinical AD, the sensitivity of the IWG-2 and AT(N) criteria was 0.797 and 0.955. The specificity of these criteria was 0.922 and 0.720. The IWG-2 criteria had the highest Youden Index.
CONCLUSION: IWG-1 was more suitable than the IWG-2 and AT(N) criteria in detecting AD. IWG-2 criteria was more suitable than AT(N) criteria in detecting preclinical AD.
TB is the most common opportunistic infection among HIV infected people, and is the most common cause of death in HIV infected people in Africa. The Masiphumelele township of Cape Town, South Africa, with its high rates of TB and HIV, is representative of many poor communities of Africa. Via random sampling, this study will assess the prevalence of HIV and TB infections in the Masiphumelele township. Knowledge gained from this study will be used to predict if introducing antiretroviral therapy will reduce the prevalence of TB in this community.

Selection and enrollment of participants will last about 4 months. Potential participants will be visited in their homes by fieldworkers, who will explain the study. Participants will be invited to either go to the clinic on the day of the fieldworker's visit or to go on a different day. Participants who go to the clinic on the day of the visit will have two sputum samples collected with a nebulizer. Participants who do not go to the clinic on the visit day will be given a sputum sample bottle and will be asked to collect a sputum sample in the early morning the day before their clinic appointment. At the clinic appointment, another sputum sample will be collected from these participants. Direct smear acid-fast bacilli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures will be done on both sputum samples. Participants who test positive for TB will be referred for TB treatment at the clinic. Participants will also be asked to complete a study questionnaire and will undergo an anonymous oral HIV test at the clinic visit.
Lehfilcon A multifocal for astigmatism contact lenses worn in Period 1, followed by samfilcon A multifocal for astigmatism contact lenses worn in Period 2, as randomized. The study lenses will be worn bilaterally (in both eyes) during typical contact lens wearing hours for at least 8 hours per day during each wear period \[30 days (-2/+1)\]. Study lenses will be removed daily for cleaning and disinfection with CLEAR CARE.
This is a randomized, controlled, parallel, outcome assessor blind, feasibility study. The aim of study is assess the efficacy of ticagrelor de-escalation in reduce of non-disabling non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke or high risk TIA recurrence during first 12 months after primary event. 100 patient with diagnosis of ischemic stroke admitted in Bou-Ali Sina Hospital, Sari, Iran will be randomized to intervention or control group by using 4 block randomization method. Inclusion criteria is : age\>40, signing inform consent, recent ischemic stroke within 24 h, diagnosed by brain CT or MRI mild stroke with NIHSS =\<8 and no evidence of large infarct in brain imaging.,high risk TIA with ABCD \>4, no cardioembolic source such as low E/F, MS, AF ,... no specific etiology such as dissection, vasculitis, ... no carotid stenosis \> 50 % in side of involvement. Exclusion criteria is :history of hypersensitivity to consumptive drug any indication for anticoagulant therapy acute phase treatment with intravenous thrombolysis or thrombectomy any contraindication for consumptive drug history of intracranial hemorrhage history of GI bleeding during past 6 m candidate for endarterectomy history of coagulopathy active hemorrhagic diathesis during randomization. Patients in control group will be treat with standard ischemic stroke regiment including ASA 325 mg stat and ticagrelor 180 mg stat, then ASA 80 mg and ticagrelor 90 mg BID for 1 month. Then single antiplatelet therapy with ASA will be continue. Intervention group will be treat with ASA 325 mg stat and ticagrelor 180 mg stat, then ASA 80 mg daily and ticagrelor 90 mg BID for 1 month. And, Ticagrelor 60 mg BID plus ASA 80 mg daily until the end of month 3. Then single antiplatelet therapy with ASA will be continue. Four fallow up visit plan by a neurologist or neurology resident on month 1, 3, 6 and 12.Clinical data including NIHSS score, MRS score and other data will record on case report form. Stroke recurrence or cardiovsacular event is efficacy end point. Major bleeding according to STIH criteria is study safety end point. Primary outcome is ischemic stroke recurrence during first 12 months after first event documented by new lesion on brain CT or MRI. Secondary outcome is major hemorrhagic events, stroke recurrence during first 3 months and any cardiovascular event during first 12 month.
This is a phase 2 trial of the HIV protease inhibitor (HPI) Nelfinavir (NFV) in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are considered candidates for pre-operative treatment. This study is to be conducted according to US and international standards of Good Clinical Practice (FDA Title 21 part 312 and International Conference on Harmonization guidelines), applicable government regulations and Institutional research policies and procedures. The endpoints are to determine safety of NFV with chemoradiation, gather preliminary data for response, and tissue specimens for correlative molecular studies. Unacceptable toxicity is unlikely as prior studies have determined dosing 1250 mg twice a day is relatively safe for HIV patients receiving radiation therapy. NFV will start one week prior to chemo-radiotherapy and continue for the duration of chemoradiation (approximately 6 1/2 weeks). Standard radiotherapy (minimum total dose 5040 cGy) and combined (cisplatin/etoposide) chemotherapy based on SWOG 8805 will be delivered in combination with NFV. The thoracic surgery attending physician will determine the feasibility of resection. If the patient has resectable disease, the attending thoracic surgeon will perform the thoracotomy and anatomical resection. If the patient has unresectable disease, subject will be followed for 30 days post NFV administration. After the initial 30 days post-NFV, subjects will be followed for long-term outcomes (disease response and overall survival). Adjuvant therapy may be continued off-study at the discretion of managing oncology personnel. Tumors obtained at the time of surgical resection will be assessed for pathological response. Tumor tissue taken pre-treatment will be assessed for markers that may predict response such as Akt, VEGF, and EGFR.
Evidence-based guidelines on optimal perioperative fluid management have not been established in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Typical intraoperative and post-operative fluid management has been arbitrary without evidence based guidelines established following total joint replacement. The investigators have observed many patients post-operatively with side effects such as fluid overload leading to medical complications requiring either prolonged hospitalization or readmission. Additionally, this overload may lead to wound healing complications secondary to fluid shifts which may be devastating in this patient population. Recent randomized trials in major abdominal surgery suggest that large amounts of IV fluid may increase morbidity and hospital stay. Additionally, this increase fluid may be detrimental in patients with anastomosis leading to failure and/or complications in this patient population. The investigators have defined to specific groups of interest to study in this patient population with regards to fluid management. The first group is the "traditional" IV fluid group where the anesthesiologist gives an unspecific amount of fluid intraoperatively and post-operatively the patient gets a set amount of fluid based on "protocol" on the orthopaedic floor (i.e. 75 cc/hour until good oral intake). This is the protocol utilized by most orthopaedic practices throughout the United States. The second group is defined as patients who are given a specific protocol preoperatively to optimize hydration, followed by limited fluids intraoperatively based on physiologic parameters. This study will investigate the effects of two regimens of intraoperative fluid management ("traditional" vs. "oral") with
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) contains adrenergic receptors, which are known to be involved in stress, anxiety, and memory. The objective of this study was to explore whether inhibition of α-adrenergic receptors (by phentolamine, an α-adrenergic receptor antagonist) in the BLA can reduce foot-shock stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, memory deficits, and long-term potentiation (LTP) deficits within the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. Forty male Wistar rats were assigned to the intact, control, stress (Str), Phent (phentolamine), and Phent + Str groups. Animals were subjected to six shocks on 4 consecutive days, and phentolamine was injected into BLA 20 min before the animals were placed in the foot-shock stress apparatus. Results from the elevated plus maze test (EPM) revealed a reduction in anxiety-like behaviors (by an increased number of entries into the open arm, percentage of time spent in the open arm, and rearing and freezing) among stressed animals upon receiving injections of phentolamine into the BLA. The open-field test results (increased rearing, grooming, and freezing behaviors) were consistent with the EPM test results. Phentolamine infusion into the BLA enhanced spatial memory, reducing errors in finding the target hole and decreasing latency time in the Barnes maze test for stress and nonstress conditions. Injecting phentolamine into the BLA on both sides effectively prevented LTP impairment in hippocampal CA1 neurons after being subjected to foot-shock stress. It has been suggested that phentolamine in the BLA can effectively improve anxiety-like behaviors and memory deficits induced by foot-shock stress.
PURPOSE:To obtain the titled pharmaceutical capable of releasing a drug only at a high humidity, by the presence of a specific drug effect ingredient or adding the above-mentioned ingredient after forming a gel and drying the resultant impregnated gel in subjecting a specific alkyl silicate to hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction to from the gel. CONSTITUTION:At least one alkyl silicate expressed by formula I [R1-R4 are H or formula II (x is 1-5; y is 0-10); n is 0-20] (e.g. a compound expressed by formula III) is subjected to hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction in the presence of a water-soluble or emulsion based drug ingredient (e.g. insecticide, germicide, herbicide, plant growth promoter, cataplasm, antihistaminic agent, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent or insect repellent) to form a gel. Alternatively, the gel is formed and dried so as to provide 0.1-30wt.% moisture content. Thereby the aimed humidity-sensitive pharmaceutical having function to release the drug only at a high humidity is obtained. The drug is slowly released when the humidity attains >=50% RH.
Isolated minor rib fractures (IMRFs), which is defined by single or two isolated minor rib fractures caused by trauma or stress. Traditionally, rib fractures are managed mainly by surgical stabilization or conservative treatment. In 2018, a systemic review and meta-analysis for patients with multiple rib fractures had revealed a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, shorter hospital length of stay, and fewer trauma-associated complications in the surgical group than in the non-surgical group. In contrast, IMRFs are seldom life threatening, and compared to extremity fractures, rib fractures do not require matching accurately. Thus, IMRFs are usually treated conservatively. However, the investigators have clinically observed that patients suffering severe pain due to progressive rib displacement may take longer to return to normal activity, have lower quality of life, and even an increased risk of complications. Moreover, limited studies discussed the efficacy of surgical interventions for IMRFs. Therefore, the investigators conduct a prospective observational cohort study to compare the outcomes of surgical stabilization and conservative treatment in patients with IMRFs. The investigators collect patients with IMRFs whose situation were both suitable for surgical and non-surgical interventions. After explanation, patients can decide to undergo conservative or surgical treatment by themselves. The investigators will follow up pain scores, chest X-ray, pulmonary function tests, and duration of return to normal activity. Those data will be statistically analyzed by two-tailed two-sample t-test. This prospective cohort study is supposed to provide more evidence for clinical decision making and optimal management of IMRFs.
Patients with uncomplicated hernia pathology, without gastrointestinal comorbidity to undergo a surgery to heal this hernia without involving a gastrointestinal resection. Fecal sample collection for analysis before surgery (1 sample).
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR) and the prognosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN).
METHODS: Clinical, pathological and follow-up data of 271 patients with IgAN from January 1, 2013, to July 31, 2023, were collected. A 50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was used as renal composite end point events. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to predict the composite end point events by AAR. The optimal cutoff value of 1.24 was determined, and patients were allocated to high AAR and low AAR groups. Kaplan‒Meier (K‒M) curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the predictive effect of AAR on renal composite end point events.
RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 29 months, 39 patients achieved renal composite end point events. Among them, 9 and 30 patients in the low and high AAR groups achieved renal composite end point events, respectively, with a significant difference (P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, AAR was found to be an independent prognostic factor for renal composite end point events (HR = 3.283, 95% CI: 1.489-7.238, P = 0.003). Kaplan‒Meier analysis showed that high AAR was associated with achieving renal composite end point events in patients with IgAN. Moreover, the clinical features in the high AAR group were more severe. Further subgroup analysis showed that high AAR had a better predictive effect in patients with more severe clinicopathological manifestations.
CONCLUSION: AAR is an independent prognostic factor in patients with IgAN.