anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Ischemic limb injury can be broadly classified into arterial (absent pulses) and venous/microvascular (detectable pulses); the latter can be divided into two overlapping disorders-venous limb gangrene (VLG) and symmetrical peripheral gangrene (SPG). Both VLG and SPG feature predominant acral (distal) extremity ischemic necrosis, although in some instances, concomitant nonacral ischemia/skin necrosis occurs. Historically, for coagulopathic disorders with prominent nonacral ischemic necrosis, clinician-scientists implicated depletion of natural anticoagulants, especially involving the protein C (PC) system. This historical review traces the recognition of natural anticoagulant depletion as a key feature of nonacral ischemic syndromes, such as classic warfarin-induced skin necrosis, neonatal purpura fulminans (PF), and meningococcemia-associated PF. However, only after several decades was it recognized that natural anticoagulant depletion is also a key feature of predominantly acral ischemic microthrombosis syndromes-VLG and SPG-even when accompanying nonacral thrombosis is not present. These acquired acral limb ischemic syndromes typically involve the triad of (a) disseminated intravascular coagulation, (b) natural anticoagulant depletion, and (c) a localizing explanation for microthrombosis occurring in one or more limbs, either deep vein thrombosis (helping to explain VLG) or circulatory shock (helping to explain SPG). In most cases of VLG or SPG there are one or more events that exacerbate natural anticoagulant depletion, such as warfarin therapy (e.g., warfarin-associated VLG complicating heparin-induced thrombocytopenia or cancer hypercoagulability) or acute ischemic hepatitis ("shock liver") as a proximate factor predisposing to severe depletion of hepatically synthesized natural anticoagulants (PC, antithrombin) in the setting of circulatory shock.
PURPOSE: To examine whether changes in vision and hearing problems are associated with changes in psychosocial outcomes (in terms of depressive symptoms, loneliness, and perceived social isolation).
METHODS: We used longitudinal data from the nationally representative German Ageing Survey, which covers individuals aged 43 years and over (wave 6 and wave 7, with 7108 observations and mean age of 67.5 years, SD 10.2 years). The 6-item De Jong Gierveld tool was used to quantify loneliness, the Bude and Lantermann tool was used to quantify perceived social isolation, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (15-item version) was used to quantify depressive symptoms. Self-rated problems reading the newspaper due to vision problems and self-rated difficulties recognizing known people on the street due to vision problems were used to quantify vision problems. In addition, self-rated hearing problems on the telephone and self-rated hearing problems in groups of more than four people were used to quantify hearing problems.
RESULTS: Adjusting for various confounders, longitudinal regressions showed that the onset of major vision problems referring to difficulties recognizing people one knows on the street was associated with increases in loneliness (β = 0.17, p < .01) and depressive symptoms (β = 1.90, p < 0.05). Moreover, the onset of some vision problems referring to difficulties reading the newspaper was associated with increases in perceived social isolation (β = 0.06, p < 0.01). Additionally, the onset of some hearing problems in groups of more than four people was associated with increases in depressive symptoms (β = 0.43, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Our longitudinal study showed that vision and hearing problems can contribute differently to psychosocial factors. Delaying sensory impairment may result in favorable psychosocial factors in later life.
BACKGROUND: Visual snow syndrome is a disorder characterized by the combination of typical perceptual disturbances. The clinical picture suggests an impairment of visual filtering mechanisms and might involve primary and secondary visual brain areas, as well as higher-order attentional networks. On the level of cortical oscillations, the alpha rhythm is a prominent EEG pattern that is involved in the prioritisation of visual information. It can be regarded as a correlate of inhibitory modulation within the visual network.
METHODS: Twenty-one patients with visual snow syndrome were compared to 21 controls matched for age, sex, and migraine. We analysed the resting-state alpha rhythm by identifying the individual alpha peak frequency using a Fast Fourier Transform and then calculating the power spectral density around the individual alpha peak (+/- 1 Hz). We anticipated a reduced power spectral density in the alpha band over the primary visual cortex in participants with visual snow syndrome.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the power spectral density in the alpha band over the occipital electrodes (O1 and O2), leading to the rejection of our primary hypothesis. However, the power spectral density in the alpha band was significantly reduced over temporal and parietal electrodes. There was also a trend towards increased individual alpha peak frequency in the subgroup of participants without comorbid migraine.
CONCLUSIONS: Our main finding was a decreased power spectral density in the alpha band over parietal and temporal brain regions corresponding to areas of the secondary visual cortex. These findings complement previous functional and structural imaging data at a electrophysiological level. They underscore the involvement of higher-order visual brain areas, and potentially reflect a disturbance in inhibitory top-down modulation. The alpha rhythm alterations might represent a novel target for specific neuromodulation.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: we preregistered the study before preprocessing and data analysis on the platform osf.org (DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XPQHF , date of registration: November 19th 2022).
PURPOSE:To provide the titled composition having high absorbability, by compounding a base with an alkali metal salt of 1,3-bis(2-carboxychromon-5- yloxy)-2-hydroxypropane useful as an antiallergic agent and a saponin useful as a transcutaneous absorbefacient. CONSTITUTION:A base is compounded with 0.5-40wt%, preferably 1-30wt% alkali metal salt of 1,3-bis(2-carboxychromon-5-yloxy)-2-hydroxypropane (abbreviated as present substance) and 0.5-30wt%, preferably 1-20wt% saponin (e.g. glycyrhizin, senegenin, etc.). The present substance is a medicine effective to bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, etc., however, it has poor bioavailability by oral administration or inhalation. Furthermore, it has low transcutaneous absorbability because of its low transmissibility through cornal layer. The addition of saponin promotes the absorption of the present substance and gives an external dermatic drug composition capable of keeping high concentration of the drug component in blood.
OBJECTIVE: Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons release potent anorexigenic neuropeptides, which suppress food intake and enhance energy expenditure via melanocortin receptors. Although the importance of central melanocortin in physiological regulation is well established, the underlying genetic mechanisms that define the functional identity of melanocortin neurons and maintain hypothalamic Pomc expression remain to be fully determined. In this study, we investigate the functional significance of Six3, a transcriptional regulator notably expressed in embryonic and adult mouse POMC neurons, in the regulation of hypothalamic Pomc expression and downstream physiological consequences.
METHODS: We first evaluated the expression of Six3 in the developing and adult hypothalamus by double fluorescence in situ hybridization. Next, we assessed POMC immunoreactivity in mutant mice selectively lacking Six3 from Pomc-expressing neurons and quantified Pomc mRNA levels in a tamoxifen-inducible Six3 knockout mouse model activated at embryonic E9.5 days. We also determined glucose and insulin sensitivity, daily food intake, body composition and body weight in adult male and female mice lacking Six3 specifically from POMC neurons. Lastly, we assessed the physiological consequences of ablating Six3 from POMC neurons in adult mice.
RESULTS: Six3 and Pomc were co-expressed in mouse hypothalamic neurons during development and adulthood. Mouse embryos deficient in Six3 showed reduced Pomc expression in the developing hypothalamus. Targeted deletion of Six3 specifically from POMC neurons resulted in decreased hypothalamic Pomc expression, increased daily food intake, enhanced glucose sensitivity and mild obesity in male but not in female mice. Finally, conditional removal of Six3 from POMC neurons in adult mice led to a reduction in hypothalamic POMC immunoreactivity with no significant effects in body weight or food intake.
CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, our results demonstrate that Six3 plays an essential role in the early establishment of POMC neuron identity and the maintenance of physiological levels of hypothalamic Pomc expression. In addition, our study demonstrates that the functional significance of Six3 expression in POMC neurons is sexually dimorphic and age-dependent.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of nalbuphine. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Abdominal pain, pyrexia, depressed level or loss of consciousness, somnolence, tremor, anxiety, pulmonary edema, agitation, seizures, and injection site reactions such as pain, swelling, redness, burning, and hot sensations. Death has been reported from severe allergic reactions to Nalbuphine Hydrochloride Injection treatment. Fetal death has been reported where mothers received Nalbuphine Hydrochloride Injection during labor and delivery.

Serotonin Syndrome: Cases of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition, have been reported during concomitant use of opioids with serotonergic drugs.

Adrenal Insufficiency: Cases of adrenal insufficiency have been reported with opioid use, more often following greater than one month of use.

Hyperalgesia and Allodynia: Cases of hyperalgesia and allodynia have been ‎reported with opioid therapy of any duration [see WARNINGS]‎.

Hypoglycemia: Cases of hypoglycemia have been reported in patients ‎taking opioids. Most reports were in patients with at least one ‎predisposing risk factor (e.g., diabetes).‎
BACKGROUND: Cardiac arrest (CA) causes renal ischemia in one-third of brain-dead kidney donors before procurement. We hypothesized that the graft function depends on the time interval between CA and organ procurement.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective population-based study on a prospectively curated database. We included 1469 kidney transplantations from donors with a history of resuscitated CA in 2015-2017 in France. CA was the cause of death (primary CA) or an intercurrent event (secondary CA). The main outcome was the percentage of delayed graft function, defined by the use of renal replacement therapy within the first week posttransplantation.
RESULTS: Delayed graft function occurred in 31.7% of kidney transplantations and was associated with donor function, vasopressors, cardiovascular history, donor and recipient age, body mass index, cold ischemia time, and time to procurement after primary cardiac arrest. Short cold ischemia time, perfusion device use, and the absence of cardiovascular comorbidities were protected by multivariate analysis, whereas time <3 d from primary CA to procurement was associated with delayed graft function (odds ratio 1.38).
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first description of time to procurement after a primary CA as a risk factor for delayed graft function. Delaying procurement after CA should be evaluated in interventional studies.
Commensal enteric bacteria have evolved systems that enable growth in the ecologic niche of the host gastrointestinal tract. Animals evolved parallel mechanisms to survive the constant exposure to bacteria and their metabolic by-products. We propose that drug transporters encompass a crucial system to managing the gut microbiome. Drug transporters are present in the apical surface of gut epithelia. They detoxify cells from small molecules and toxins (xenobiotics) in the lumen. Here, we review what is known about commensal structure in the absence of the transporter ABCB1/P-glycoprotein in mammalian models. Knockout or low-activity alleles of ABCB1 lead to dysbiosis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in mammals. However, the exact function of ABCB1 in these contexts remain unclear. We highlight emerging models-the zebrafish Danio rerio and sea urchin Lytechinus pictus-that are poised to help dissect the fundamental mechanisms of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the tolerance of commensal and pathogenic communities in the gut. We and others hypothesize that ABCB1 plays a direct role in exporting inflammatory bacterial products from host epithelia. Interdisciplinary work in this research area will lend novel insight to the transporter-mediated pathways that impact microbiome community structure and accelerate the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease when perturbed. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a new type of light-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) cancer therapy, has the advantages of high therapeutic efficiency, non-resistance, and less trauma than traditional cancer therapy such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, oxygen-dependent PDT further exacerbates tumor metastasis. To this end, a strategy that circumvents tumor metastasis to improve the therapeutic efficacy of PDT is proposed. Herein, a near-infrared light-activated photosensitive polymer is synthesized and branched the anti-metastatic ruthenium complex NAMI-A on the side, which is further assembled to form nanoparticles (NP2) for breast cancer therapy. NP2 can kill tumor cells by generating ROS under 808 nm radiation (NP2 + L), reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2/9) in cancer cells, decrease the invasive and migration capacity of cancer cells, and eliminate cancer cells. Further animal experiments show that NP2 + L can inhibit tumor growth and reduce liver and lung metastases. In addition, NP2 + L can activate the immune system in mice to avoid tumor recurrence. In conclusion, a PDT capable of both preventing tumor metastasis and precisely hitting the primary tumor to achieve effective treatment of highly metastatic cancers is developed.
The present invention relates to a food composition preferably for changing body composition and/or physical work capacity. The invention further provides a method of improving body composition and/or physical work capacity. In an aspect of the present invention there is provided a food composition for use in changing the body composition and/or physical work capacity, said food composition including colostrum. In a preferred aspect there is provided a food composition for use in changing the body composition and/or physical work capacity, said food composition including colostrum or a fraction thereof wherein said fraction includes colostrum-derived growth factors maintained therein following fractionation of the colostrum. The food composition may additionally include casein. Preferably the casein is colostrum-derived and is maintained in the colostrum fraction following processing of the colostrum.
Patients randomized to treatment arm will initiate Arixtra (fondaparinux sodium) treatment on post-operative day 1 and continue treatment until post-operative day 22 (21 consecutive days). Subjects randomized to this arm are to receive the standard prophylactic dose for major abdominal surgery of 2.5 mg/day for a total of 21 consecutive days (including hospitalization time and after hospital discharge).
Seventy-two hours before their appointment, participants will receive a text message alerting them to the availability of the flu vaccine at their upcoming appointment. Participants will be told they'll receive a reminder, which they can opt-out from receiving. The text message reminder will be sent 24 hours before their appointment.
Cadmium (Cd) exposure is a persistent pollution problem, necessitating caution in using cadmium-expelling complexing agents. Currently, there is no targeted therapy to treat Cd poisoning. The thyroid gland is a major endocrine organ that directly regulates thyroid hormones involved in various physiological processes and is a target organ for Cd accumulation. Herein, the effects of Cd exposure on swine thyroid glands were investigated. Six-week-old male pigs were randomly divided into the Cd and control groups. The control group was fed a normal diet containing 0 mg Cd/kg, while the Cd group was fed a diet containing 20 mg Cd/kg (CdCl2) for 40 days. The regulation mechanism of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) microRNA-494-3p (miR-494-3p) was evaluated to determine the toxic effects of Cd exposure on free radicals' cleaner. Notably, heat shock proteins (HSPs) were triggered as defense agents against Cd. Cd exposure increased the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase1(SOD1) and SOD2, catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), and the endoplasmic reticulum stress in thyroid cells. Histopathological staining, RT-qPCR, and Western Blot assays were further employed to detect possible apoptosis and necroptosis of thyroid cells induced by Cd exposure. The assays revealed increased thyroid inflammatory injury, fibrosis, and apoptosis caused by Cd exposure. This study demonstrates the role of microRNAs in regulating Cd toxicity in pig thyroid tissue and provides evidence of Cd's negative effects. It further provides an assessment of the toxicological impact of Cd as an environmental endocrine disruptor (ED) that threatens public health and safety, which forms a basis for the development of Cd poisoning treatment therapies.
A quadrivalent HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 vaccine (GARDASIL®) has been approved for use among women age 9-26 years to prevent cervical/vaginal/vulvar cancer and genital warts. The efficacy of the vaccine has been demonstrated in clinical trial settings, but the effectiveness of this vaccine has not been tested in clinical practice settings. Patients experiencing greater stress have a reduced capacity to mount an immune response to other types of vaccine. The same phenomenon is likely to exist for Gardasil, but there are no data. The impact of psychological stress on the immune response to a vaccine is proposed to act via health behaviors (multiple lifetime sexual partners, never using condoms, prior abnormal Pap smear, smoking, and HPV infection) or by direct dysregulation of the immune system. We have found higher rates of cervical HPV in Appalachian Ohio women, higher rates of abnormal cervical cytology, and very high rates of psychological stress compared to urban and suburban women. The goal of this study is to determine if, in women age 18-26 years given GARDASIL® vaccine, serum HPV 6/11/16/18 antibody response is altered by stress. This will be accomplished by a study of 432 women age 18-26 years who report full range of life stressors recruited from Appalachian Ohio. All participants will receive the GARDASIL® vaccine at baseline, two months, and six months. Prior to vaccination questionnaire data related to HPV exposure risk behaviors and psychological stressors will be collected. Cervical samples will be collected for cytology and HPV testing. Serum samples will be collected for HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 antibody assays at baseline and month 12. The questionnaire data and serum samples will be repeated at 12 months. The primary outcome measure is the difference in serum antibodies to HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 at baseline and month 12. The variables of interest are perceived stress, sexual behaviors, socioeconomic status, access to health care (health insurance yes/no), smoking, Appalachian self-identity, HPV cervical status at baseline, and past history abnormal cervical cytology, as proposed in a psychoneuroimmunology model. In this model, Appalachian Self-Identity, socioeconomic status, loneliness, health care access, and coping are proposed to contribute to a woman's perceived stress. The impact of perceived stress on immune response to Gardasil vaccination can be by health behaviors such as multiple lifetime sexual partners (\>4), never using condoms, prior abnormal Pap smear, smoking, and HPV status at the time of vaccination. Perceived stress can have a direct physiologic impact on the immune response by creating immune dysregulation as measured by increased EBV VCA-IgG titers. Depressive symptoms can mediate the impact of perceived stress on immune function. If psychological stress is found to modulate the immune response to GARDASIL®, then we can determine if the modulation reduces the clinical effectiveness of the vaccine and examine methods to limit the impact of stress.
High affinity binding of nidogen to laminin is mediated by an EGF-like repeat  gamma 1III4 of the mouse laminin  gamma 1 chain and has now been restricted to two short non-contiguous regions of its 56 residue sequence by use of synthetic peptides and recombinant mutants. Disulfide loop a,b of the repeat and a modified loop a,c could completely inhibit binding, with a 5,000-fold or 300-fold reduced affinity, respectively. Synthetic loops c and d lacked inhibitory activity. Some binding contribution of Try819 in loop c was, however, shown by mutation and side chain modification. Together with studies of loop chimeras, this indicated a distinct cooperativity between the two binding sites. The major binding site of loop a was localized to the heptapeptide NIDPNAV (position 798-804). A change of Asp800 to Asn or Ala803 to Val caused a strong reduction in binding activity, while only small effects were observed for the changes Pro801 to Gln and Ile799 to Val. The latter replacement corresponds to the single substitution found in the same region of the Drosophila laminin  gamma 1 chain. However, the changes Asn802 to Ser or Val804 to Ser, both known to exist in the laminin  gamma 2 chain, were deleterious mutations. This demonstrated conservation of binding structure in laminins of distantly related species, but not between homologous chains of laminin isoforms.
The recommended dose is 50 Units per axilla. The hyperhidrotic area to be injected should be defined using standard staining techniques, e.g., Minor’s Iodine-Starch Test. The recommended dilution is 100 Units/4 mL with preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP (see Table 1). Using a sterile 30 gauge needle, 50 Units of BOTOX (2 mL) is injected intradermally in 0.1 to 0.2 mL aliquots to each axilla evenly distributed in multiple sites (10-15) approximately 1-2 cm apart.

Repeat injections for hyperhidrosis should be administered when the clinical effect of a previous injection diminishes.

Instructions for the Minor’s Iodine-Starch Test Procedure:

Patients should shave underarms and abstain from use of over-the-counter deodorants or antiperspirants for 24 hours prior to the test. Patient should be resting comfortably without exercise or hot drinks for approximately 30 minutes prior to the test. Dry the underarm area and then immediately paint it with iodine solution. Allow the area to dry, then lightly sprinkle the area with starch powder. Gently blow off any excess starch powder. The hyperhidrotic area will develop a deep blue-black color over approximately 10 minutes. 

Each injection site has a ring of effect of up to approximately 2 cm in diameter. To minimize the area of no effect, the injection sites should be evenly spaced as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6: Injection Pattern for Primary Axillary Hyperhidrosis

Each dose is injected to a depth of approximately 2 mm and at a 45° angle to the skin surface, with the bevel side up to minimize leakage and to ensure the injections remain intradermal. If injection sites are marked in ink, do not inject BOTOX directly through the ink mark to avoid a permanent tattoo effect.