anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Children with selective mutism (SM) are at risk for current and continuing academic and socio-emotional difficulties. Unfortunately, this issue is complicated by the fact these children often respond poorly to psychosocial intervention. This leaves parents with the overwhelming decision to attempt a trial of medication regardless of the little available data on the evidence base of this approach. Despite the paucity of research, psychiatrists are prescribing fluoxetine for children with SM "off label", as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has yet to approve fluoxetine for this indication. This study blends the psychopharmacological expertise of psychiatrists with the mental health, systems, and psychological evaluation expertise of school psychologists to identify an appropriate psychopharmacological solution for children and adolescents with this debilitating disorder. To that end, this study will examine the utility of fluoxetine for the treatment of five children and adolescents, ages seven to eighteen, diagnosed with SM through the use of a non-concurrent multiple-baseline single-case design with a single-blind placebo-controlled procedure. Treatment effectiveness will be evaluated by visual analysis of the data, the Wampold and Worsham multiple-baseline design randomization test, and the Kendall's Tau + Mann-Whitney U effect size. Multiple methods of assessment including standardized measures, such as the Selective Mutism Questionnaire (SMQ), and behavior ratings, such as Direct Behavior Ratings (DBRs), will be used to gather baseline and treatment data. Multiple informants (i.e., parents, teachers, and psychiatrists) will provide information on treatment effect across settings (i.e., school and community). Information regarding adverse effects associated with fluoxetine treatment including a measure of behavioral disinhibition, parental acceptance of the fluoxetine intervention, and compliance with taking the medication will also be gathered.
FIELD: chemical-pharmaceutical industry. SUBSTANCE: wheat seeds were washed with running water, poured with 0.02% antiseptic solution and placed for germination into thermostat at 25-35 C for 3 days. After one day of germination antiseptic solution is removed from seeds, and germination is continued without liquid; after two days seeds were poured with distilled water, kept in thermostat for 6 h for antiseptic washing off, then liquid is poured off, and germination is continued. Germinated and milled seeds were extracted with water at the ratio 1:3-1:5 for 30-9- min, oil cake is removed, extract is treated with acetone at the ratio 1:1.5-1:2.5, and prepared precipitate is dried. Saccharifying activity of prepared agent is increased by 1.5-2-fold as compared with that in preparation obtained by known method. EFFECT: increased saccharifying activity and decreased microbial seeded of agent. 2 cl, 1 tbl
It has been shown that the high expression of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in most lung cancers is related to the poor prognosis of patients, but the mechanism of pathological transformation of HE4 in lung cancer is still unclear. The current study is expected to clarify the function and mechanism of HE4 in the occurrence and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Immunoblotting evaluated HE4 expression in lung cancer cell lines and biopsies, and through analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Frequent HE4 overexpression was demonstrated in LUAD, but not in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), indicating that HE4 can serve as a biomarker to distinguish between LUAD and LUSC. HE4 knockdown significantly inhibited cell growth, colony formation, wound healing, and invasion, and blocked the G1-phase of the cell cycle in LUAD cell lines through inactivation of the EGFR signaling downstream including PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MAPK pathways. The first-line EGFR inhibitor gefitinib and HE4 shRNA had no synergistic inhibitory effect on the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells, while the third-line EGFR inhibitor osimertinib showed additive anti-proliferative effects. Moreover, we provided evidence that HE4 regulated EGFR expression by transcription regulation and protein interaction in LUAD. Our findings suggest that HE4 positively modulates the EGFR signaling pathway to promote growth and invasiveness in LUAD and highlight that targeting HE4 could be a novel strategy for LUAD treatment.
The Language Intervention group will receive some of the known methods for early language development. Six lessons will include: Knowing your Baby, Reading Aloud, Sing-A-Long, Mimicking First Sounds, Language Game and Narrating Your Day. Parents will receive feedback every 2 weeks from a Language Environment Analysis digital language processor (LENA).
Mechanism of Action: Tinidazole is an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent. The nitro- group of tinidazole is reduced by cell extracts of Trichomonas. The free nitro- radical generated as a result of this reduction may be responsible for the antiprotozoal activity. Chemically reduced tinidazole was shown to release nitrites and cause damage to purified bacterial DNA in vitro. Additionally, the drug caused DNA base changes in bacterial cells and DNA strand breakage in mammalian cells. The mechanism by which tinidazole exhibits activity against Giardia and Entamoeba species is not known.

Antibacterial: Culture and sensitivity testing of bacteria are not routinely performed to establish the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis [see Indications and Usage ( 1.4)]; standard methodology for the susceptibility testing of potential bacterial pathogens, Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp. or Mycoplasma hominis, has not been defined. The following in vitro data are available, but their clinical significance is unknown. Tinidazole is active in vitro against most strains of the following organisms that have been reported to be associated with bacterial vaginosis:

Bacteroides spp. Gardnerella vaginalis Prevotella spp.

Tinidazole does not appear to have activity against most strains of vaginal lactobacilli.

Antiprotozoal: Tinidazole demonstrates activity both in vitro and in clinical infections against the following protozoa:Trichomonas vaginalis; Giardia duodenalis (also termed G. lamblia); and Entamoeba histolytica.

For protozoal parasites, standardized susceptibility tests do not exist for use in clinical microbiology laboratories.

Drug Resistance: The development of resistance to tinidazole by G. duodenalis, E. histolytica, or bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis has not been examined.

Cross-resistance: Approximately 38% of T. vaginalis isolates exhibiting reduced susceptibility to metronidazole also show reduced susceptibility to tinidazole in vitro. The clinical significance of such an effect is not known.
Psychosocial stress is increasing, causing a growing number of people to suffer from hair loss. Stress-related corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is associated with hair loss, but the mechanism by which hair follicles respond to stress and CRH remain poorly understood. The aim of the study is to elucidate the association between CRH and stress-related hair regenerative disorders, and reveal the potential pathological mechanisms. A chronic unpredictable stress mouse model and a chronic social defeat stress mouse model were used to examine the role of CRH and stress-related hair regrowth. Chronic unpredictable stress and chronic social defeat stress increased the expression of CRH and CRH receptors (CRHRs), and contributed to the onset of hair-cycle abnormalities. Psychoemotional stress and stress-related CRH blocked hair follicle regrowth, which could be restored by astressin, a CRHR antagonist. Long-term exposure to either chronic unpredictable stress or CRH induced a decrease in autophagy, which could be partially rescued by astressin. Activating CRHR, by stress or CRH administration, decreased autophagy via the mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway to mediate hair regenerative disorders, which could be partially reversed through enhancing autophagy by administration of brefeldin A. These findings indicate that CRH-mediated autophagy inhibition play an important role in stress-induced hair regenerative disorders. CRH regulates the local hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of hair follicles, but also plays an independent pathogenic role in stress-related hair regenerative disorders through CRH-mediated autophagy inhibition. This work contributes to the present understanding of hair loss and suggests that enhancing autophagy may have a therapeutic effect on stress-induced hair loss.
The administration of oral potassium salts to persons with normal excretory mechanisms for potassium rarely causes serious hyperkalemia. However, if excretory mechanisms are impaired or if potassium is administered too rapidly intravenously, potentially fatal hyperkalemia can result (see Contraindications and Warnings). It is important to recognize that initally hyperkalemia is usually asymptomatic and may be manifested only by an increased serum potassium concentration and characteristic electrocardiographic changes (peaking of T-waves, loss of P-wave, depression of S-T segment, and prolongation of the QT interval). Late manifestations include muscle paralysis and cardiovascular collapse from cardiac arrest.

Treatment measures for hyperkalemia include the elimination of foods and medications containing potassium and potassium-sparing diuretics, as well as ACE inhibitors, beta blocking agents, NSAIDs, heparin, and cyclosporine. In cases of life-threatening hyperkalemia, treatment measures may include: (1) intravenous administration of 300 to 500 ml/hr of 10% dextrose solution containing 10-20 units of insulin per 1,000 ml; (2) correction of acidosis, if present, with intravenous sodium bicarbonate; (3) use of exchange resins, hemodialysis, or peritoneal dialysis; (4) administration of a calcium salt to antagonize the cardiotoxic effects in patients whose electrocardiograms show appropriate characteristics, and who are not receiving digitalis glycosides; and (5) maintenance of a high urine output in suitable patients.

In treating hyperkalemia, it should be recalled that in patients who have been stabilized on digitalis, rapid lowering of serum potassium can produce digitalis toxicity.
Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE) is rapidly metabolized in vivo. We found that GPE infusion elicits potent and consistent neuroprotection in all brain regions examined, and in certain embodiments, the effects were greater than those of a bolus injection followed by infusion (“loading dose/infusion”). GPE reduced apoptosis in the hippocampus and inhibited microglial proliferation and prevented the injury-induced loss of astrocytes and improved long-term somatofunction. GPE after infusion showed a broad effective dose range (0.3-30 mg/kg/h) and had a surprisingly extended window of treatment efficacy, permitting its use from 1 to at least as late as 24 h after neural injury. We also found that neuroprotective effects of acute GPE administration were prolonged and therefore capable of being used effectively to treat a variety of neurodegenerative conditions, even when administered after a neural injury. Thus, GPE can be an effective neuroprotective agent used either alone or co-administered along with other neuroprotective agents, antiinflammatory agents or peptidase or protease inhibitors. Compositions of GPE and protease and/or peptidase inhibitors are provided.
A typical enriched environment (EE), which combines physical activity and social interaction, has been proven to mitigate cognitive impairment caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). However, it remains unclear how the different components of EE promote cognitive recovery after CCH. This study stripped out the different components of EE into physical environmental enrichment (PE) and social environmental enrichment (SE), and compared the neuroprotective effects of PE, SE and typical EE (PSE) in CCH. The results of novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests showed that PE, SE, and PSE improved cognitive function in CCH rats. Additionally, Nissl and TUNEL staining revealed that three EEs reduced neuronal loss in the hippocampus. PSE exhibited superior neuroprotective and functional improvement effects compared to PE and SE, while there was no significant difference between PE and SE. Furthermore, three EEs reduced lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus with decreasing the levels of MDA and increasing the activities of SOD and GSH. The expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 was increased, while the level of p53 was reduced in three EEs. This suggested that three EEs inhibited ferroptosis by maintaining the redox homeostasis in the hippocampus. Three EEs reduced the levels of IL-β, TNF-α, and IL-6, thereby inhibiting neuroinflammation. Additionally, Western blotting and immunofluorescence results indicated that three EEs also inhibited the TLR4/MyD88/p38MAPK signaling pathway. These findings collectively demonstrated that the three EEs alleviated hippocampal ferroptosis and neuroinflammation in CCH rats, thereby reducing neuronal loss, which might be associated with the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/p38MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, the study results supported that it is only through the combination of physical exercise and social interaction that the optimal neuroprotective effects can be achieved. These findings provided valuable insights for the prevention and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment.
Participants in this arm will use the medidux™ smartphone application to monitor their symptoms and vital signs for 7 days following discharge from the Acute Admission Unit (AAU). The app provides health monitoring features, prompts for symptom tracking, and guidance on whether further medical consultation is required. Participants will log daily health data and receive automated reminders. The app aims to reduce post-discharge readmissions and emergency hospitalizations by providing real-time support. Follow-up assessments will be conducted at day 7 and day 28 post-discharge to evaluate symptom progression and healthcare utilization.
PURPOSE:To obtain an oral agent excellently adsorbing and removing harmful substances, materials of offensive smell, etc., occurring or existing in digestive tubes, etc., using both an adsorbent and a deodorizing substance. CONSTITUTION:An adsorbent such as active carbon, silica gel, zeolite, diatomaceous earth, activated clay, active alumina, etc., and an extract derived from naturally occurring substance (e.g. extract of plane and marine algae) as a deodorizing substance are covered with a film material to give the aimed material. The weight ratio of the adsorbent and the deodorizing substance is 2:1-200:1, they are separately used or blended together, covered with a film material such as gelatin, cellulose acetate, etc., and made into tablets, drops or preferably microcapsules. By enteric capsulation, the active ingredients of the adsorbent and the deodorizing substance which are made to be readily administered can reach the intestine without decomposition and deterioration. The agent is especially effective for deodorizing a component of offensive smell such as garlic, etc., which difficult to prevent bad breath, only by cleaning the oral cavity.
As noted above (CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY) careful studies with other formulations of nitroglycerin have shown that maintenance of continuous 24-hour plasma levels of nitroglycerin results in tolerance (i.e., loss of clinical response). Every dosing regimen for Nitroglycerin Extended-Release Capsules should provide a daily nitrate-free interval to avoid the development of this tolerance. The minimum necessary length of such an interval has not been defined, but studies with other nitroglycerin formulations have shown that 10 to 12 hours is sufficient. Large controlled studies with other formulations of nitroglycerin show that no dosing regimen with Nitroglycerin Extended-Release Capsules should be expected to provide more than about 12 hours of continuous anti-anginal efficacy per day.

The pharmacokinetics of Nitroglycerin capsules, and the clinical effects of multiple-dose regimens, have not been well studied. In clinical trials, the initial regimen of Nitroglycerin has been 2.5 to 6.5 mg three to four times a day, with subsequent upward dose adjustment guided by symptoms and side effects. In one trial, 5 of the 18 subjects were titrated up to a dose of 26 mg four times a day.
The invention relates to qi-benefiting and blood-nourishing tablets, which are current novel products specially used for treating aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia is a disease caused by gradually exhausted or partially stagnated bone marrow hematopoietic function. Aplastic anemia has a main clinical manifestation of pancytopenia. There are many causes for the disease, and qi asthenia and blood deficiency is one of the causes. The tablets are prepared from Mongolian milkvetch root, pilose asiabell root, ligusticum, largehead atractylodes rhizome, Indian bread with hostwood, spine date seed, common yam rhizome, and ginger. The tablets provide functions of qi benefiting, blood nourishing, kidney enhancing, and vital genetic energy preserving. The tablets provide substantial treatment effects for aplastic anemia patients.
The invention comprises compounds of the formula <FORM:0889339/IV (b)/1> wherein X is an iodine atom and R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms or X is an iodine atom or an amino group and R is an alkoxyalkyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a group of the formula <FORM:0889339/IV (b)/2> where n is an integer from 1-6 and X1 is an iodine atom or an amino group; and alkyl esters and salts thereof; and a process for their preparation by refluxing a salt of the formula <FORM:0889339/IV (b)/3> where Me is sodium or potassium and X is an iodine atom or an amino group, with a halocarboxylic acid ester of the formula hal.CH(Y)COOAlkyl where hal is a halogen atom and, when X is an iodine atom, Y is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing 1-6 carbon atoms and when X is an iodine atom or an amino group, Y is an alkoxyalkyl group of 2-6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a group of the general formula -(CH2)nCH(hal)COOAlkyl where n is an integer from 1 to 6 and hal is a halogen atom; and then, if desired, submitting the resulting ester to alkaline hydrolysis to form the salt of the acid and submitting the resulting salt to acid hydrolysis to form the free acid.  Examples describe the preparation of a  - (3 - amino - 2, 4, 6 - tri - iodobenzoyloxy) phenyl-acetate and b -methoxy-propionic acid, a  - (2, 3, 4, 6 - tetra - iodobenzoyloxy) - propionic, butyric and iso-valeric acids and diethyl a ,a 1-bis-(3-amino-2,4,6-tri-iodo-, and 2,3,4,6-tetra-iodobenzoyloxy)-adipate.  Sodium, lithium, diethamolamine and methyl-glucosamine salts are mentioned. 2,3,4,6-tetra-iodobenzoic acid is prepared from 3-amino-2,4,6-tri-iodobenzoic acid by diazotisation and treatment with KI.ALSO:An X-ray contrast composition comprises an iodinated benzoic acid derivative of the formula <FORM:0889339/VI/1> in which X is an iodine atom and R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, or X is an iodine atom or an amino group and R is an alkoxyalkyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a group of the general formula <FORM:0889339/VI/2> in which n is an integer from 1-6 and X1 is an iodine atom or an amino group, or a non-toxic salt thereof and a non-toxic carrier therefor.  The compounds may be formulated in the form of the free acid or, for example, as lithium, sodium, diethanolamine or methyl glucosamine salts with carriers such as starch, talc, polyethylene glycol, magnesium stearate or starch and lactose to give tablets, dragees and capsules.  The compounds may also be prepared in the form of injectable solutions.
Arm 2 will engage in a periodized program consisting of 3 resistance exercise sessions per week comprised of various loads and volumes. A physical assessment, physical function and strengths tests, and questionnaires will be completed at baseline and 3 months.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the association of posterior element (PE) and facet joint (FJ) inflammation with subsequent new FJ ankylosis (FJA) on MRI, in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA).
METHODS: Patients from the Sensitive Imaging in Ankylosing Spondylitis cohort, inclusion criteria r-axSpA and ≥1 radiographic spinal syndesmophyte, were studied. MRI of the full spinal was performed at baseline, 1 and 2 years. PE/FJ inflammatory lesions and FJA were assessed per vertebral unit (VU) level by three readers. With multilevel time-lagged autoregressive generalised estimated equations, the association between PE/FJ inflammation and the subsequent development of FJA was investigated, taking the reader and VU levels into account.
RESULTS: Out of the 58 patients with at least 2 reader scores available, mean age 49 (SD 10) years, 84% men, 59% had baseline PE inflammation, 24% had FJ inflammation and 26% had FJA. PE inflammation was more prevalent in the lower thoracic spine and FJ inflammation in the upper thoracic spine. VU with PE or FJ inflammation showed subsequent new FJA in two and one VU levels, respectively. The probability of developing FJA doubled with prior FJ inflammation. In multilevel analysis, FJ inflammation was associated with subsequent FJA (OR=3.8, 95% CI: 1.5 to 9.8), while no association was found between PE inflammation and new FJA (OR=1.2 (0.6-2.4)).
CONCLUSIONS: FJ inflammation is rare in severe r-axSpA, but when present, the likelihood of developing subsequent FJA is over three times higher compared with FJ without inflammation. This finding contributes to the understanding of the relationship between inflammation and ankylosis at the same anatomical location in patients with axSpA.
Subjects will be required to have at least one epicardial coronary artery suitable for IVUS imaging. A suitable target artery for IVUS imaging will be determined at baseline as having stenosis of up to 50% and meeting all angiographic inclusion criteria. Subjects having met all eligibility criteria will be randomized to receive an intravenous infusion of CER 001 (3 mg/kg) or placebo within 14 days of event presentation. Randomized subjects will then return at 7 day intervals for nine additional infusions. A follow up IVUS will be conducted at 14 days after the last infusion. The total study duration from randomization to follow up IVUS for a completed study can range from approximately 9 to 12 weeks.
Genetic editing of the germline using CRISPR/Cas9 technology has made it possible to alter livestock traits, including the creation of resistance to viral diseases. However, virus adaptability could present a major obstacle in this effort. Recently, chickens resistant to avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) were developed by deleting a single amino acid, W38, within the ALV-J receptor NHE1 using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. This resistance was confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro resistance of W38-/- chicken embryonic fibroblasts to all tested ALV-J strains was shown. To investigate the capacity of ALV-J for further adaptation, we used a retrovirus reporter-based assay to select adapted ALV-J variants. We assumed that adaptive mutations overcoming the cellular resistance would occur within the envelope protein. In accordance with this assumption, we isolated and sequenced numerous adapted virus variants and found within their envelope genes eight independent single nucleotide substitutions. To confirm the adaptive capacity of these substitutions, we introduced them into the original retrovirus reporter. All eight variants replicated effectively in W38-/- chicken embryonic fibroblasts in vitro while in vivo, W38-/- chickens were sensitive to tumor induction by two of the variants. Importantly, receptor alleles with more extensive modifications have remained resistant to the virus. These results demonstrate an important strategy in livestock genome engineering towards antivirus resistance and illustrate that cellular resistance induced by minor receptor modifications can be overcome by adapted virus variants. We conclude that more complex editing will be necessary to attain robust resistance.