anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article aims to provide an intuitive framework for diagnosing and managing healthcare-associated diarrhea (HCAD) in the immunocompromised (IC) host.
RECENT FINDINGS: Our understanding of diarrhea in hospitalized IC patients has significantly evolved. However, the challenge lies in distinguishing between these patients' numerous causes of diarrhea. The incorporation of gastrointestinal (GI) multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels has led to a paradigm shift in our approach to diarrhea. However, using these panels judiciously is of utmost importance, as their misuse can lead to over-testing, overtreatment, and increased hospital costs. We propose a stepwise diagnostic algorithm that ensures diagnostic stewardship, optimal patient care, and resource utilization.
SUMMARY: Diarrhea is a common complication in hospitalized IC patients and is associated with significant morbidity and rare mortality. The advent of new diagnostics, such as GI multiplex PCR panels, holds promise in facilitating the detection of recognized pathogens and may allow for improved outcomes using pathogen-targeted therapy.
PURPOSE: To assess the value of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immunoinflammatory index (SII) in the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.
METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed a total of 185 NPC patients who visited the clinic from June 2015 to December 2018 and were selected as study subjects. The NLR and SII were calculated based on the collection of demographic information, clinical characteristics, and pre-treatment lymphocyte counts, neutrophil counts, and platelet counts. Predictive efficacy was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and survival analysis was performed through life table methods and Cox risk-proportional regression.
RESULTS: Using the X-tile software, significant differences were found in clinical factors among NPC patients based on NLR (>2.91) and SII (>535.47). Age, TNM staging, SII, and NLR were identified as independent prognostic factors in a Cox regression analysis. SII had the highest area under the curve (AUC) for predicting 1-year survival, TNM staging had the highest AUC for predicting 3-year survival, and NLR had the highest AUC for predicting 5-year survival. The combined model showed superior predictive accuracy across all time points.
CONCLUSION: NLR and SII, as biomarkers of inflammation and immune status, have significant clinical applications in the prognostic assessment of NPC. The integrated prediction model combining age, TNM staging, SII, and NLR significantly improved the accuracy of survival prediction and provided a reliable basis for individualised treatment of NPC.
As most rare diseases, intermediate uveitis lacks reliable endpoints necessary for randomized clinical trials. Therefore, we investigated longitudinal changes of retinal and choriocapillaris perfusion on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in intermediate uveitis and their prognostic value for future best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT). In this retrospective, longitudinal cohort study eyes of patients with intermediate uveitis were imaged by swept-source OCT-A (macula-centered 3 × 3 mm; PLEX Elite 9000, Zeiss) and stratified into clinically stable, worsened and improved based on changes in clinical parameters. Superficial (SRL) and deep retinal layers (DRL) were automatically analyzed for vessel density (VD) and choriocapillaris layer for non-perfused area (CCNPA) using ImageJ. Mixed-effects regression analysis controlling for age, sex, and OCT-A signal strength index (SSI) was used to evaluate the prognostic value of OCT-A parameters. 91 eyes (62 stable, 12 worsened, and 17 improved) were included in the analysis and mean follow-up time was 296 days. Longitudinal changes of VD were different between all three groups (p = 0.002 for SRL and p = 0.017 for DRL). Clinically worsened eyes showed a decrease in VD (- 0.032 ± 0.055 for SRL and - 0.027 ± 0.025 for DRL), whereas clinically improved eyes showed an increase in VD (0.037 ± 0.039 for SRL and 0.001 ± 0.023 for DRL). No difference was found for CCNPA. When controlling for age, sex, and SSI, observed differences held true in clinically worsened eyes for DRL (p = 0.011) and in clinically improved eyes for SRL (p = 0.002). An increase of CCNPA in clinically worsened eyes (p = 0.03) compared to clinically stable and improved eyes was evident. Predictive analysis revealed an association of VD in SRL and DRL at baseline with BCVA at follow-up (p = 0.039 and p = 0.047, respectively) and of VD in SRL at baseline with CRT at follow-up (p = 0.046). Alterations in retinal perfusion on OCT-A in intermediate uveitis are partly reversible and OCT-A VD may serve to predict future BCVA and CRT. Thus, perfusion parameters on OCT-A might aid monitoring and serve as prognostic imaging-biomarker.
Sepsis pathobiology is complex. Heterogeneity refers to the clinical and biological variation within sepsis cohorts. Sepsis subtypes refer to subpopulations within sepsis cohorts derived based on these observable variations and latent features. The overarching goal of such endeavors is to enable precision immunomodulation. However, we are yet to identify immune endotypes of sepsis to achieve this goal. The sepsis subtyping field is just starting to take shape. The current subtypes in the literature do not have a core set of shared features between studies. Thus, in this narrative review, we reason that there is a need to a priori state the purpose of sepsis subtyping and minimum set of features that would be required to achieve the goal of precision immunomodulation for future sepsis.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare diagnosis in pediatric patients and commonly presents with symptoms of swelling and pain. Early diagnosis is important to prevent secondary degeneration into the subchondral bone. This review will analyze the etiology, clinical signs/symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and recent literature on PVNS in the pediatric population.
RECENT FINDINGS: Many theories of PVNS etiology have been described in the literature; however, an inflammatory response has been most widely accepted. PVNS can occur in any joint, but most commonly in the knee. The most common treatment for PVNS is synovectomy, and long-term follow-up is necessary to detect disease persistence or recurrence.
SUMMARY: Although uncommon, PVNS does occur in the pediatric population and this diagnosis should be included in the differential of atraumatic joint swelling and pain.
Dexamethasone tablets, USP for oral administration, are supplied as 0.5 mg, 0.75 mg, 1.5 mg, 4 mg and 6 mg. Inactive ingredients are corn starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and sucrose.

Additionally, each 0.5 mg tablet contains ferric oxide yellow, 0.75 mg tablet contains FD&C blue #1 Aluminum Lake and iron oxide black, 1.5 mg tablet contains FD&C red #40 Aluminum Lake and ferric oxide red, 4 mg tablet contains FD&C blue #1 Aluminum Lake and ferric oxide yellow and 6 mg tablet contains FD&C blue #1 Aluminum Lake.

The molecular weight for dexamethasone is 392.47. It is designated chemically as 9-fluoro-11β,17,21-trihydroxy-16α-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione. The molecular formula is C22H29FO5 and the structural formula is:

Dexamethasone USP, a synthetic adrenocortical steroid, is a white to practically white, odorless, crystalline powder. It is stable in air. It is sparingly soluble in alcohol (96% ethanol), acetone, dioxane and in methanol, very slightly soluble in ether and in chloroform and practically insoluble in water.

The Product meets USP Dissolution Test#2.
One hundred one patients scheduled to undergo invasive dental surgeries (i.e., dental implants) participated in the experiment. After dental surgery, patients were prescribed a once-daily analgesic regimen for up to 7 days. The intervention consisted of label manipulation. Patients were randomly assigned to either the brand-name analgesic or to its (purportedly) cheaper generic version. In reality, all participants obtained the same brand-name medication. The medication was provided at no cost, and patients were instructed to take the first pill while at the clinic. They were informed that they could (a) increase the dosage of the prescribed analgesic to twice daily if necessary and (b) stop taking the medication when no longer needed. Any other changes to the regimen were discouraged, and patients were instructed to consult with the dentist before any such changes. Telephone follow-ups were conducted at 24 hours, 4 days, and 7 days after surgery. Two main dependent variables were obtained: the number of prescribed analgesics consumed and the number of non-prescribed analgesics consumed. The patients also reported the pain felt during the period.
Background and Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity and ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Accumulating evidence in animal models suggests that loss of interleukin-10 (IL-10) anti-inflammatory actions might contribute to lobular inflammation, considered one of the first steps toward NASH development. However, the role of IL-10 in lobular inflammation remains poorly explored in humans. We examined mRNA and protein levels of IL-10 in liver biopsies and serum samples from morbidly obese patients, investigating the relationship between IL-10 and lobular inflammation degree. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled morbidly obese patients of both sexes, assessing the lobular inflammation grade by the Brunt scoring system to categorize participants into mild (n = 7), moderate (n = 19), or severe (n = 13) lobular inflammation groups. We quantified the hepatic mRNA expression of IL-10 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and protein IL-10 levels in liver and serum samples by Luminex Assay. We estimated statistical differences by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's multiple comparison test. Results: The hepatic expression of IL-10 significantly diminished in patients with severe lobular inflammation compared with the moderate lobular inflammation group (p = 0.01). The hepatic IL-10 protein levels decreased in patients with moderate or severe lobular inflammation compared with the mild lobular inflammation group (p = 0.008 and p = 0.0008, respectively). In circulation, IL-10 also significantly decreased in subjects with moderate or severe lobular inflammation compared with the mild lobular inflammation group (p = 0.005 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: In liver biopsies and serum samples of morbidly obese patients, the protein levels of IL-10 progressively decrease as lobular inflammation increases, supporting the hypothesis that lobular inflammation develops because of the loss of the IL-10-mediated anti-inflammatory counterbalance.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of neural stimulation for improving walking after stroke. Participants will undergo surgery to implant a stimulator and electrodes to activate muscles used during walking. The device delivers electrical pulses to the nerves causing the muscles to contract to perform functional movements. The system coordinates assistance based on external sensors. After receiving the implanted device, participants undergo training to use the device to assist walking. Evaluations are completed prior to surgery as well after training and at later follow up sessions.
Arm B Combination Therapy: Pirfenidone combined with standard first-line chemotherapy. Participants will receive the combination of Pirfenidone and carboplatin plus pemetrexed in study treatment cycles that last 21 days. Phase 1 Dose Escalation; followed by Phase 1b Dose Expansion.
Morphine sulfate extended-release tablets are for oral use and contain morphine sulfate, USP an opioid agonist.

Each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients common to all strengths: anhydrous lactose, cetostearyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, talc and titanium dioxide. The 30 mg tablets also contain yellow iron oxide. The 60 mg tablets also contain red iron oxide. The 100 mg and 200 mg tablets also contain red iron oxide and yellow iron oxide.

The tablet strengths, 15 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg, describe the amount of morphine per tablet as the pentahydrated sulfate salt (morphine sulfate).

Morphine sulfate, USP is an odorless, white, crystalline powder with a bitter taste. It has a solubility of 1 in 21 parts of water and 1 in 1,000 parts of alcohol, but is practically insoluble in chloroform or ether. The octanol: water partition coefficient of morphine is 1.42 at physiologic pH and the pKb is 7.9 for the tertiary nitrogen (mostly ionized at pH 7.4). Its molecular weight is 758.83 and its structural formula is:

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Methods and systems for connecting a patient support apparatus to a hospital network and locating the patient support apparatus are provided. A patient support apparatus is associated with a communication device having a first and second communication interface for transmitting and/or receiving a first and second type of wireless signal. The patient support apparatus is electrically connected to a node serving as a power output and a wireless communication system connected to the hospital network. In response to the electrical connection, the communication device activates the first communication interface to form a wireless link with the node. In response to the patient support apparatus being electrically disconnected from the node, the communication device activates the second communication interface. The patient support apparatus is located by the node based on the second type of wireless signal.
TXA reduces bleeding by inhibiting the enzymatic breakdown of fibrin blood clots. Results from randomised trials (CRASH-3 and NCT01990768) show that early treatment with TXA (given intravenously) reduces head injury deaths (pooled RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.99). In the CRASH-3 trial, the reduction in head injury deaths with TXA was largest in patients with mild and moderate head injuries, particularly if patients were treated soon after injury. However, the CRASH-3 trial included mild TBI patients only if they had intracranial bleeding on CT scan. It is uncertain whether the results apply to mild TBI patients more generally. CRASH-4 is a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial in symptomatic mild TBI in about 10,000 older adults. The pilot phase will include about 500 patients. The trial aims to provide reliable evidence about the effects of early intramuscular TXA on intracranial haemorrhage, disability, death, and dementia in older adults with symptomatic mild head injury.
Diagnostic routine and knowledge about the therapy regimes of infectious diseases like malaria gain in importance due to globalization, global warming, and increasing numbers of refugees. We report a case of a 66-year-old patient who presented with severe abdominal pain, most prominent in the left upper abdomen. He was recently hospitalized with severe falciparum malaria, diagnosed after returning from a trip around the world. Upon readmission, laboratory results showed post-artesunate delayed hemolysis. The ultrasound examination was highly suspicious of splenic rupture, confirmed by the immediately performed CT scan. In this case, the prompt diagnosis allowed the initiation of adequate conservative therapy including intensive care monitoring and hemodynamic stabilization.
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The high prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and related complications shows the necessity of early identification of risk factors. It is considered that striae and POP share a similar physiopathology. However, the link between the two is still inconclusive and requires further investigation. We conducted this study to evaluate the association between striae and POP.
METHODS: Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant literature from inception up to May 2023. Full-text articles published in English or other languages and observational studies were included. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14.2. The random effects model was performed and heterogeneity was ≥ 50%. Statistical tools such as the Chi-squared test and the I2 index were used to calculate the level of heterogeneity among studies. Additionally, we utilized Funnel plots and Egger tests to assess the presence of publication bias.
RESULTS: Seven studies were selected for meta-analysis, yielding a total of 605 patients and 660 control subjects, to assess the link between striae and POP. The overall pooled odds ratio (OR) was 2.08 (95% confidence interval 1.04-4.19, I2 = 80.40%). Our analysis revealed a strong relationship between POP and striae (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: This study recommends that stretch marks may be used as a helpful indicator of the risk for POP. Evaluation of striae as a risk factor and screening tool for detecting women at risk for the development of POP should be addressed in future well-designed studies. However, there is a need for high-quality studies in this field owing to the low quality of evidence.
FIELD: veterinary science. SUBSTANCE: articles for the prolonged releasing active substances in the form of tablets, capsules or globules consist of core that contains an active substance and covered with envelope made of polymeric film. Polymeric film is asymmetric envelope formed by phase-inversion method of the following polymers: ethers or esters of cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, copolymer of ethylene with vinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyamide, polyurethane, polymethylmethacrylate and polysulfone. An active component is released in gastroenteric liquid. Asymmetric envelope can be permeable and nonperforated or permeable and perforated. Active substances can include antihypertension, sedative, anticoagulating, hypoglycemic or anticatarrhal drugs. A core can contain additionally pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles. EFFECT: improved quality and property of articles. 4 cl, 3 tbl, 44 dwg
FIELD: hepatology. SUBSTANCE: invention is designed for use in reanimation departments and departments dealing with intensive therapy in cases of acute and chronic hepatic insufficiency. Patient orally receives xenogenic lyophilized encapsulated hepatocytes - 2.0 in each capsules. In cases of acute hepatic insufficiency, 2 capsules 3 times a day are administered 1.5 hr before meat during 10 days. In cases of chronic hepatic insufficiency, 2 capsules 2 times a day are administered during 14 days. EFFECT: simplified treatment and considerably enhanced effect. 3 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for avoiding or preventing contamination, abuse, misuse or diversion of a dosage form containing an active pharmaceutical agent, such as an opioid.  <P>SOLUTION: The invention relates to co-extruded pharmaceutical composition and a dosage form comprising an adverse effect agent, such as an opioid antagonist which can be sequestered. Diversion of the pharmaceutical composition of a dosage form containing an active pharmaceutical agent such as an opioid, and diversion of the dosage form are provided. The invention also relates to a method for treating a patient with the dosage form, as well as a kit containing the dosage form with instructions for using the dosage form to treat a patient. The invention further relates to a method for making the pharmaceutical composition and dosage form comprising co-extrusion of a core comprising an adverse effect agent and a sheath.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
BACKGROUND: Peritumoral edema is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM). The relationship between vasogenic edema and proliferation indices or cell density in BCBM remains poorly understood.
PURPOSE: To assess the association between tumor volume and peritumoral edema volume and histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters in BCBM.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with confirmed BCBM were retrospectively identified. The tumor volume and peritumoral edema volume of each brain metastasis (BM) were semi-automatically calculated in axial T2w and axial T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences using the software MIM (Cleveland, Ohio, USA). Edema volume was correlated with histological parameters, including cell count and Ki-67. Sub-analyses were conducted for luminal B, Her2-positive, and tripe negative subgroups.
RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients were included in the study. There were 24 patients with a single BM. Mean metastasis volume was 31.40 ± 32.52 mL and mean perifocal edema volume was 72.75 ± 58.85 mL. In the overall cohort, no correlation was found between tumor volume and Ki-67 (r = 0.046, p = .782) or cellularity (r = 0.028, p = .877). Correlation between edema volume and Ki-67 was r = 0.002 (p = .989), correlation with cellularity was r = 0.137 (p = .453). No relevant correlation was identified in any subgroup analysis. There was no relevant correlation between BM volume and edema volume.
CONCLUSION: In patients with breast cancer brain metastases, we did not find linear associations between edema volumes and immunohistochemical features reflecting proliferation potential. Furthermore, there was no relevant correlation between metastasis volume and edema volume.
In adolescence, psychotic-like experiences (PLE) may indicate potential prodromal symptoms preceding the onset of psychosis. Metabolomic studies have shown promise in providing valuable insights into predicting psychosis with enhanced precision compared to conventional clinical features. This study investigated metabolomic alterations associated with PLE in 76 depressed adolescents aged 14-20 years. Serum concentrations of 92 metabolites were analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. PLE were assessed using the Youth Experiences and Health (YEAH) questionnaire. The associations between PLE symptom dimensions (delusions, paranoia, hallucinations, negative symptoms, thought disorder, and dissociation) and metabolite concentrations were analyzed in linear regression models adjusted for different covariates. The symptom dimensions consistently correlated with the metabolome in different models, except those adjusted for cannabis use. Specifically, the hallucination dimension was associated with 13 metabolites (acetoacetic acid, allantoin, asparagine, decanoylcarnitine, D-glucuronic acid, guanidinoacetic acid, hexanoylcarnitine, homogentisic acid, leucine, NAD+, octanoylcarnitine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and valine) in the various linear models. However, when adjusting for cannabis use, eight metabolites were associated with hallucinations (adenine, AMP, cAMP, chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, L-kynurenine, neopterin, and D-ribose-5-phosphate). The results suggest diverse mechanisms underlying PLE in adolescence; hallucinatory experiences may be linked to inflammatory functions, while cannabis use may engage an alternative metabolic pathway related to increased energy demand and ketogenesis in inducing PLE. The limited sample of individuals with depression restricts the generalizability of these findings. Future research should explore whether various experiences and related metabolomic changes jointly predict the onset of psychoses and related disorders.
A longitudinal study of one cohort of 250 pregnant females less than 22 weeks gestation and her newborn. Swabs and samples (low vaginal, skin, urine, blood and stool) will be requested at one time point during each trimester from the participant. In addition, there are three different questionnaires at trimester 2.
This intervention will be given on an outpatient basis. Omeprazole, 80 mg twice daily.