anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The majority of plant viruses rely on insect vectors for inter-plant transmission. Amid virus transmission, vector-borne viruses such as begomoviruses may significantly modulate host plants in various ways and, in turn, plant palatability to insect vectors. While many case studies on monopartite begomoviruses are available, bipartite begomoviruses are understudied. More importantly, detailed elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved is limited. Here, we report the mechanisms by which an emerging bipartite begomovirus, the Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV), modulates plant defenses against whitefly. SLCMV infection of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants significantly downregulated defenses against whitefly, as whitefly survival and fecundity increased significantly on virus-infected plants when compared to the controls. We then profiled SLCMV-induced transcriptomic changes in plants and identified a repertoire of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO enrichment analysis of DEGs demonstrated that the term defense response was significantly enriched. Functional analysis of DEGs associated with defense response revealed that four downregulated DEGs, including putative late blight resistance protein homolog R1B-17 (R1B-17), polygalacturonase inhibitor-like (PGI), serine/threonine protein kinase CDL1-like (CDL1), and Systemin B, directly contributed to plant defenses against whitefly. Taken together, our findings elucidate the role of novel plant factors involved in the modulation of plant defenses against whitefly by a bipartite begomovirus and shed new light on insect vector-virus-host plant tripartite interactions.
BACKGROUND: APRI and FIB-4 scores are used to exclude clinically significant fibrosis (defined as stage ≥ F2) in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. However, the cut-offs for these scores (generated by Youden indices) vary between different patient cohorts. This study aimed to evaluate whether serum dithiothreitol-oxidizing capacity (DOC), i.e., a surrogate test of quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase-1, which is a matrix remodeling enzyme, could be used to non-invasively identify significant fibrosis in patients with various chronic liver diseases (CLDs).
METHODS: Diagnostic performance of DOC was compared with APRI and FIB-4 for identifying significant fibrosis. ROC curve analyses were undertaken in: a) two chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cohorts, independently established from hospitals in Wenzhou (n = 208) and Hefei (n = 120); b) a MASLD cohort from Wenzhou hospital (n = 122); and c) a cohort with multiple CLD etiologies (except CHB and MASLD; n = 102), which was identified from patients in both hospitals. Cut-offs were calculated using the Youden index. All CLD patients (n = 552) were then stratified by age for ROC curve analyses and cut-off calculations.
RESULTS: Stratified by CLD etiology or age, ROC curve analyses consistently showed that the DOC test was superior to APRI and FIB-4 for discriminating between clinically significant fibrosis and no fibrosis, when APRI and FIB-4 showed poor/modest diagnostic performance (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 in 3, 1 and 3 cohort comparisons, respectively). Conversely, the DOC test was equivalent to APRI and FIB-4 when all tests showed moderate/adequate diagnostic performances (P > 0.05 in 11 cohort comparisons). DOC had a significant advantage over APRI or FIB-4 scores for establishing a uniform cut-off independently of age and CLD etiology (coefficients of variation of DOC, APRI and FIB-4 cut-offs were 1.7%, 22.9% and 47.6% in cohorts stratified by CLD etiology, 2.0%, 26.7% and 29.5% in cohorts stratified by age, respectively). The uniform cut-off was 2.13, yielded from all patients examined. Surprisingly, the uniform cut-off was the same as the DOC upper limit of normal with a specificity of 99%, estimated from 275 healthy control individuals. Hence, the uniform cut-off should possess a high negative predictive value for excluding significant fibrosis in primary care settings. A high DOC cut-off with 97.5% specificity could be used for detecting significant fibrosis (≥ F2) with an acceptable positive predictive value (87.1%).
CONCLUSIONS: This proof-of-concept study suggests that the DOC test may efficiently rule out and rule in significant liver fibrosis, thereby reducing the numbers of unnecessary liver biopsies. Moreover, the DOC test may be helpful for clinicians to exclude significant liver fibrosis in the general population.
AD is characterized by skin inflammation and recurrent skin infections. In addition, people with AD may have a severe and sometimes fatal reaction to the smallpox vaccine called EV. KLH is a carrier protein that can be used to deliver antibodies to the body. However KLH itself, may cause an immune response. The purpose of this study is to determine the body's reaction to pure KLH in people without AD. This will be used to establish a baseline immune response and may be compared to the immune response in people with AD during future studies.

This study will last 8 weeks and will have 11 study visits. Participants in this study will be randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups. All participants will receive their immunizations at Visits 5 and 6. Participants in Group 1A will receive 2 immunizations each with 100 mcg of KLH each. Participants in Group 2A will receive 2 immunizations through scarification (a shallow cut in the skin) with jabs, each containing 20 mg/mL of KLH. Adverse reactions will be monitored after each immunization. Once safety data from these 2 groups have been reviewed, the next 2 groups will be enrolled. Participants in Group 1B will receive 2 immunizations each with 250 mcg of KLH each. Participants in Group 2B will receive 2 immunizations through scarification with 15 jabs, each containing 20mg/mL of KLH. Other study visits will include allergy testing and blood and urine collection.
NSAIDs, including aspirin, a component of Methocarbamol and Aspirin Tablets, can cause serious skin adverse reactions such as exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which can be fatal. NSAIDs can also cause fixed drug eruption (FDE). FDE may present as a more severe variant known as generalized bullous fixed drug eruption (GBFDE), which can be life-threatening. These serious events may occur without warning. Inform patients about the signs and symptoms of serious skin reactions, and to discontinue the use of Methocarbamol and Aspirin Tablets at the first appearance of skin rash or any other sign of hypersensitivity. Methocarbamol and Aspirin Tablets is contraindicated in patients with previous serious skin reactions to NSAIDs [see CONTRAINDICATIONS].
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of the accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) with mucosal thickening (MT) and maxillary sinus cysts (MSCs).
STUDY DESIGN: This single-center retrospective study included patients who underwent paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) between November 2022 and February 2023. We excluded patients with natural maxillary ostium (NMO) occlusion. Two radiologists evaluated the presence of AMOs, MT, and MSCs in CT images and measured their dimensions using a three-dimensional volumetric analysis program.
RESULTS: We included 125 patients (mean age: 36.47 ± 16.0 years; male/female: 67/58). In total, 65 patients (52%) had single or multiple AMOs. No significant relationship was found between the presence of an AMO and the presence of MT on either side (P ≥ .306). There was a statistically significant difference between the presence of an AMO and MSC on the right side (P = .002), but not on the left side (P = .477). The diameter of the AMO and the distance from the AMO to the maxillary sinus floor were not correlated with mucosal thickness or MSC volume, but the distance from the AMO to the sinus floor had a small positive correlation with total maxillary sinus volume.
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of an AMO and its increased diameter may not contribute to ipsilateral maxillary sinusitis in patients whose unilateral or bilateral NMOs are not occluded.
BACKGROUND: Metastasis renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients have extremely high mortality rate. A predictive model for RCC micrometastasis based on pathomics could be beneficial for clinicians to make treatment decisions.
METHODS: A total of 895 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded whole slide images (WSIs) derived from three cohorts, including Shanghai General Hospital (SGH), Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) and Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts, and another 588 frozen section WSIs from TCGA dataset were involved in the study. The deep learning-based strategy for predicting lymphatic metastasis was developed based on WSIs through clustering-constrained-attention multiple-instance learning method and verified among the three cohorts. The performance of the model was further verified in frozen-pathological sections. In addition, the model was also tested the prognosis prediction of patients with RCC in multi-source patient cohorts.
RESULTS: The AUC of the lymphatic metastasis prediction performance was 0.836, 0.865 and 0.812 in TCGA, SGH and CPTAC cohorts, respectively. The performance on frozen section WSIs was with the AUC of 0.801. Patients with high deep learning-based prediction of lymph node metastasis values showed worse prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we developed and verified a deep learning-based strategy for predicting lymphatic metastasis from primary RCC WSIs, which could be applied in frozen-pathological sections and act as a prognostic factor for RCC to distinguished patients with worse survival outcomes.
A medicament for the treatment of the human or animal body, particularly for leg ulcers and open wounds, comprises super-oxidised water based on hypochlorous acid. The medicament may be in liquid or gel form and the super-oxidised water may have a pH of 4-7, preferably 5.4 and/or a redox potential of preferably 1000 mV. The water is preferably diluted such that it does not inhibit cell proliferation, and may even promote it. The water may be obtained by electrochemical treatment of a saline solution and the pH may be adjusted using an alkaline solution output from the electrochemical cell, or a phosphate buffer may be used. A hydrobath for treating leg ulcers and open wounds comprises super-oxidised water based on hypochlorous acid. In vitro testing was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the superoxidised water for its biocidal properties and for patient comfort.
PURPOSE: A protein complex for intracellular delivery and an intracellular delivery method thereof are provided to effectively deliver a biologically active molecule. CONSTITUTION: A protein complex for intracellular delivery contains an in vitro stabilization protein, a membrane transmission sequence domain, a biologically active molecule, and an in vivo stabilizing protein. The in vitro stabilization protein is ubiquitin-like protein, a protein containing ankyrin repeat motif, or a transferrin. The ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like protein is a wild type or a mutant type. The ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like protein further contains protease recognition amino acid at N-terminal or C-terminal, which is cleaved by protease. The ubiquitin-like protein is Nedd8, SUMO-1, SUMO-2, NUB1, PIC1, UBL3, UBL5, or ISG15. [Reference numerals] (AA,DD) In vitro stabilization protein; (BB) Biologically active molecule; (CC) NLS or NES
Drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) are frequently administered to relieve pain and inflammation, but have been associated with cardiovascular (CV) toxicity and an elevated risk of acute myocardial infarction. We have demonstrated that drugs that inhibit the COX-2 isoform act to interfere with cellular cholesterol movement by suppressing expression of proteins that facilitate efflux of cholesterol as well as by enhancing expression of scavenger receptors that mediate cholesterol uptake. We further showed that in cultured THP-1 human macrophages, COX-2 inhibition with drugs (celecoxib, NS398) or by COX-2 RNA silencing leads to foam cell transformation, a critical component of atherogenesis. Thus, COX-2 inhibitors act in a pro-atherogenic fashion on a series of genes which we have named the "Cholesterol Metabolic Signature." Alterations in this signature may contribute to heightened risk of development of atherosclerotic CV disease associated with prolonged use of this drug class. COX enzyme activity supports cholesterol homeostasis through catalysis of prostaglandin (PG) production, and we have shown in vitro that specific subsets of these PGs (PGD2 or PGE2) are sufficient to maintain balance. The aims of this project is: In an observational study of persons with pharmacologic COX-2 selective inhibition (celecoxib) or COX-1/2 inhibition (naproxen, diclofenac), document treatment effects on the Cholesterol Metabolic Signature in isolated subject mononuclear cells and in naïve THP-1 monocytes/macrophages exposed to subject plasma. This will allow detection of variations in degree of pro-atherogenic response of the Cholesterol Metabolic Signature to COX inhibition within human patients that may be associated with a higher likelihood of developing CV sequelae. Understanding the nature of the association between COX inhibition and cholesterol metabolism, and the extent to which they may promote atherosclerotic CV disease, is of critical importance in developing analgesic and anti-inflammatory medications with a more favorable risk profile. The knowledge gained may also improve clinical decision-making by identifying subsets of patients most vulnerable to adverse CV effects of COX inhibition.
BACKGROUND: Pathogenic bacteria are the cause of most skin diseases, but issues such as resistance and environmental degradation drive the need to research alternative treatments. It is reported that silk cocoon extract possesses antioxidant properties. During silk processing, the degumming of silk cocoons creates a byproduct that contains natural active substances. These substances were found to have inhibitory effects on bacterial growth, DNA synthesis, the pathogenesis of hemolysis, and biofilm formation. Thus, silk cocoon extracts can be used in therapeutic applications for the prevention and treatment of skin pathogenic bacterial infections.
METHODS: The extract of silk cocoons with pupae (SCP) and silk cocoons without pupae (SCWP) were obtained by boiling with distilled water for 9 h and 12 h, and were compared to silkworm pupae (SP) extract that was boiled for 1 h. The active compounds in the extracts, including gallic acid and quercetin, were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, the total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extracts were investigated using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. To assess antioxidant activity, the extracts were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Additionally, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of silk extracts and phytochemical compounds were determined against skin pathogenic bacteria. This study assessed the effects of the extracts and phytochemical compounds on growth inhibition, biofilm formation, hemolysis protection, and DNA synthesis of bacteria.
RESULTS: The HPLC characterization of the silk extracts showed gallic acid levels to be the highest, especially in SCP (8.638-31.605 mg/g extract) and SP (64.530 mg/g extract); whereas quercetin compound was only detected in SCWP (0.021-0.031 mg/g extract). The total phenolics and flavonoids in silk extracts exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Additionally, SCP at 9 h and 12 h revealed the highest anti-bacterial activity, with the lowest MIC and MBC of 50-100 mg/mL against skin pathogenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Cutibacterium acnes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hence, SCP extract and non-sericin compounds containing gallic acid and quercetin exhibited the strongest inhibition of both growth and DNA synthesis on skin pathogenic bacteria. The suppression of bacterial pathogenesis, including preformed and matured biofilms, and hemolysis activity, were also revealed in SCP extract and non-sericin compounds. The results show that the byproduct of silk processing can serve as an alternative source of natural phenolic and flavonoid antioxidants that can be used in therapeutic applications for the prevention and treatment of pathogenic bacterial skin infections.
Colchicine is significantly excreted in urine in healthy subjects. Clearance of colchicine is decreased in patients with impaired renal function. Total body clearance of colchicine was reduced by 75% in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis.

  


FMF

Although, pharmacokinetics of colchicine in patients with mild (Clcr 50 to 80 mL/min) and moderate (Clcr 30 to 50 mL/min) renal impairment is not known, these patients should be monitored closely for adverse effects of colchicine. Dose reduction may be necessary. In patients with severe renal failure (Clcr less than 30 mL/min) and end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis, colchicine tablets may be started at the dose of 0.3 mg/day. Any increase in dose should be done with adequate monitoring of the patient for adverse effects of colchicine tablets [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3), Dosage and Administration ( 2.5)] .
After a fast neurological evaluation, patient will be transferred to CT suite where usual image protocol will be performed (CT and CT-angio). Within 6 hours from onset CT perfusion could be required to take detections. Once interpreted image results, it will be decided intravenous and/or endovascular treatment.
As an alternative strategy to electronic pacemaker devices, we explored the feasibility of converting normally-quiescent ventricular myocytes into pacemakers by somatic cell fusion. The idea is to create chemically-induced fusion between myocytes and syngeneic fibroblasts engineered to express HCN1 pacemaker ion channels (HCN1 fibroblasts), in normally-quiescent myocardium.  HCN1-expressing fibroblasts formed stable heterokaryons with myocytes, generating spontaneously-oscillating action potentials as well as ventricular pacemaker activity in vivo and provides a platform for an autologous, non-viral, adult somatic cell therapy. We also converted a depolarization-activated potassium-selective channel, Kv1.4, into a hyperpolarization-activated non-selective channel by site-directed mutagenesis (R447N, L448A, and R453I in S4 and G528S in the pore). Gene transfer into ventricular myocardium demonstrated the ability of this construct to induce pacemaker activity, with spontaneous action potential oscillations in adult ventricular myocytes and idioventricular rhythms by in vivo electrocardiography. Given the sparse expression of Kv1 family channels in the human ventricle, gene transfer of a synthetic pacemaker channel based on the Kv1 family has therapeutic utility as a biological alternative to electronic pacemakers.
BACKGROUND: Sepsis syndromes are a major burden in the ICU with very high mortality. Vasopressin and copeptin are released in response to hypovolemia and have shown potential significance in diagnosing sepsis.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the levels of copeptin in patients with sepsis syndromes and evaluate its relation with patient prognosis and mortality.
METHODS: Four databases were searched for literature published from inception to the 8th of November 2022. Original research articles where copeptin was measured in sepsis patients and compared with controls were included. Data extraction and synthesis: study characteristics, levels of copeptin in the participants, and copeptin assay description were extracted. Levels of copeptin in patients were pooled and compared with controls in terms of the standard mean difference (SMD) generated using a random-effects model.
RESULTS: Fifteen studies met the selection criteria. Copeptin levels were significantly higher in patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock as compared to controls [(SMD: 1.49, 95% CI: 0.81-2.16, P<0.0001), (SMD: 1.94, 95% CI: 0.34-3.54, P=0.02), and (SMD: 2.17, 95% CI: 0.68-3.66, P=0.004), respectively]. The highest copeptin levels were noted in septic shock patients. The admission copeptin levels were significantly lower in survivors as compared to nonsurvivors (SMD: -1.73; 95% CI: -2.41 to -1.06, P<0.001).
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Copeptin was significantly elevated in sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. Survivors had a significantly lower copeptin during admission. Copeptin offered an excellent predictability to predict 1-month mortality. Measuring the copeptin in sepsis patients can aid treating physicians to foresee patients' prognosis.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject composition excellent in bleaching effect, antimicrobial effect, etc., having sufficient stability and suitable for cosmetics and lotions by including a polymer having an alkyl in the side chain and a resorcinol derivative. SOLUTION: This emulsified composition comprises (A) preferably 0.01-2 wt.% polymer having a 1-30C alkyl in the side chain and having 1,000,000 to 3,000,000 average molecular weight (e.g. acrylic acid-alkyl methacrylate copolymer) and (B) preferably 0.01-10 wt.% resorcinol derivative of formula I (R1 and R2 are H, a 1-4C acyl or the like; R3 is an alkyl or H) (e.g. 4-n- butylresorcinol of formula II). The composition preferably does not use a nonionic surfactant (e.g. polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester). The composition can further comprise an aqueous component, an oily component, an emulsifying agent, etc., and can be formulated in a dosage form of cream, emulsion, ointment, etc.
PURPOSE: Fluoroscopy is usually required during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Although fluoroscopy is considered necessary for effective and safe RIRS, there is growing awareness regarding radiation exposure risk to patients and surgeons. We conducted a multicenter-based, randomized, controlled trial to compare the safety and effectiveness of radiation-free (RF) RIRS with radiation-usage (RU) RIRS for kidney stone management.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 2020 to April 2022, patients with a unilateral kidney stone (≤20 mm) eligible for RIRS were prospectively enrolled in 5 tertiary medical centers after randomization and divided into the RF and RU groups. RIRS was performed using a flexible ureteroscope with a holmium:YAG laser. The primary end point of this study was the success rate, defined as complete stone-free or residual fragments with asymptomatic kidney stones ≤ 3 mm. The secondary end point of this study was ascertaining the safety of RF RIRS. The success rates were analyzed using a noninferiority test.
RESULTS: Of the 140 consecutive randomized participants, 128 patients completed this study (RF: 63; RU: 65). The success rates (78% vs 80%, P = .8) were not significantly different between the groups. The rate of high-grade (grade 2-4) ureter injury was not significantly higher in the RF group compared to the RU group (RF = 3 [4.8%] vs RU = 2 [3.1%], P = .6). In RF RIRS, the success rate was noninferior compared to RU RIRS (the difference was 2.2% [95% CI, 0.16-0.12]).
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the surgical outcomes of RF RIRS were noninferior to RU RIRS.