anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
A total of 224 adult patients (18 years or older) undergoing spinal fusion surgery at Duke University Hospital, will be recruited from the Duke Department of Neurosurgery and the Duke Department of Orthopedics. Participants will be consented and will complete standard of care outcomes questionnaires (Visual Analogue Scale, Oswestry Disability Index and Euro-Quol 5D) at the pre-operative clinic visit for baseline comparison. Participants will be randomized, through REDCap, with equal probability to either: A) the control group, with standard post-surgery handouts, or B) the experimental group, which will receive text messages for a period of 2 weeks after surgery (daily for the first week, and every other day for the second week). Text messages were designed to be standardized and automated, with an embedded link to a video regarding at-home, post-surgery-care instructions. Patients will be directed not to respond to the text messages, but to call for any questions or concerns. The primary outcome will be a reduction in 30-days post-surgery readmission rates. The secondary outcomes will be a reduction in 30-days post-surgery ED visits rates, back and leg pain scores, and anxiety levels. These outcomes will be assessed via a phone interview at 30-days (up to max of 37 days) post-discharge for both groups.
OBJECTIVE: Social media is a platform for sharing views on aspects of life, including oral health. This study aimed to characterize Facebook posts related to toothache information.
METHODS: Two independent investigators retrieved 500 English-language posts with the highest level of interaction using CrowdTangleTM and analyzed their facticity, motivation, author's profile, content, sentiment, and type of post. Data were analysed descriptively and using Pearson's Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests and multiple logistic regression models.
RESULTS: Most posts were produced by regular users and were not financially motivated, although commercial posts had significantly higher total interaction among users. While link- or video-containing posts (OR = 1.66) and posts with positive sentiments (OR = 1.53) were associated with users' total interaction, older (OR = 1.81) and link- or video-containing posts (OR = 2.04) were associated with overperforming scores. Misinformation was positively associated with financial motivation (OR = 2.03) and positive sentiments (OR = 3.79).
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of addressing the spread of misinformation related to oral health on social media and taking steps to ensure that accurate and reliable information is readily available. Toothache-related misinformation was associated with positive sentiments and financial motivation. Links, videos, and positive sentiments awakened greater user engagements with toothache-related posts.
Add 10 mL of Purified Water USP to an 8 ounce (240 mL) amber polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle containing ten 50 mg losartan potassium tablets. Immediately shake for at least 2 minutes. Let the concentrate stand for 1 hour and then shake for 1 minute to disperse the tablet contents. Separately prepare a 50/50 volumetric mixture of Ora-PlusTM and Ora-Sweet SFTM. Add 190 mL of the 50/50 Ora-PlusTM/Ora-Sweet SFTM mixture to the tablet and water slurry in the PET bottle and shake for 1 minute to disperse the ingredients. The suspension should be refrigerated at 2 to 8°C (36 to 46°F) and can be stored for up to 4 weeks. Shake the suspension prior to each use and return promptly to the refrigerator.
Subjects selected to Cohort II will receive active 2% OC-10X in OD (Oculus Dexter - right eye) and placebo (vehicle) in OS (Oculus Sinister - left eye) in the Period 1 dosing. On Study Day 1 the subjects will have a drop instilled in each eye by personnel at study hours 0, 3, 6 and 9, and be evaluated frequently throughout the day. Subjects will be examined on Study Day 2 (24 hours after first dose). On Study Day 3 (48 hours after the first dose), these subjects will commence Period 2 dosing, with the active (OD) or placebo (OS). Dosing will continue q.i.d. for an additional 13 days.
During the course of acute febrile illness, encephalitides, gastroenteritis, dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, especially in children and the elderly or debilitated, CNS reactions such as opisthotonos, convulsions, coma and extrapyramidal symptoms have been reported with and without use of Tigan® (trimethobenzamide hydrochloride) or other antiemetic agents. In such disorders caution should be exercised in administering Tigan®, particularly to patients who have recently received other CNS-acting agents (phenothiazines, barbiturates, belladonna derivatives). Primary emphasis should be directed toward the restoration of body fluids and electrolyte balance, the relief of fever and relief of the causative disease process. Overhydration should be avoided since it may result in cerebral edema.

The antiemetic effects of Tigan® may render diagnosis more difficult in such conditions as appendicitis and obscure signs of toxicity due to overdosage of other drugs.

General

Adjustment of Dose in Renal Failure

A substantial route of elimination of unchanged trimethobenzamide is via the kidney. Dosage adjustment should be considered in patients with reduced renal function including some elderly patients. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). 

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of trimethobenzamide hydrochloride did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Although there are studies reported in the literature that include elderly patients > 65 years old with younger patients, it is not known if there are differences in efficacy or safety parameters for elderly and non-elderly patients treated with trimethobenzamide. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
The factor V Leiden (FVL; rs6025) and prothrombin G20210A (PTGM; rs1799963) polymorphisms are 2 of the most well-studied genetic risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, double heterozygosity (DH) for FVL and PTGM remains poorly understood, with previous studies showing marked disagreement regarding thrombosis risk conferred by the DH genotype. Using multidimensional data from the UK Biobank (UKB) and FinnGen biorepositories, we evaluated the clinical impact of DH carrier status across 937 939 individuals. We found that 662 participants (0.07%) were DH carriers. After adjustment for age, sex, and ancestry, DH individuals experienced a markedly elevated risk of VTE compared with wild-type individuals (odds ratio [OR] = 5.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.01-6.84; P = 4.8 × 10-34), which approximated the risk conferred by FVL homozygosity. A secondary analysis restricted to UKB participants (N = 445 144) found that effect size estimates for the DH genotype remained largely unchanged (OR = 4.53; 95% CI, 3.42-5.90; P < 1 × 10-16) after adjustment for commonly cited VTE risk factors, such as body mass index, blood type, and markers of inflammation. In contrast, the DH genotype was not associated with a significantly higher risk of any arterial thrombosis phenotype, including stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral artery disease. In summary, we leveraged population-scale genomic data sets to conduct, to our knowledge, the largest study to date on the DH genotype and were able to establish far more precise effect size estimates than previously possible. Our findings indicate that the DH genotype may occur as frequently as FVL homozygosity and may confer a similarly increased risk of VTE.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug can not be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Although no major differences in adverse events between Oraqix and placebo-treated subjects were observed, all patients in the placebo-controlled studies received either Oraqix or a placebo gel (consisting of the vehicle in Oraqix without lidocaine or prilocaine). Therefore, it is not possible to determine if adverse events in each treatment group were attributable to the inactive ingredients comprising the Oraqix or vehicle or if adverse event rates were higher than expected background rates. Therefore, a causal relationship between the reported adverse reactions and Oraqix could neither be established nor ruled out.

Following SRP treatment with Oraqix in 391 patients, the most frequent adverse events were local reactions in the oral cavity (see following table). These events, which occurred in approximately 15% of patients, included pain, soreness, irritation, numbness, vesicles, ulcerations, edema and/or redness in the treated area. Of the 391 patients treated with Oraqix, five developed ulcerative lesions and two developed vesicles of mild to moderate severity near the site of SRP. In addition, ulcerative lesions in or near the treated area were also reported for three out of 168 patients who received placebo. Other symptoms reported in more than one patient were headache, taste perversion, nausea, fatigue, flu, respiratory infection, musculoskeletal pain and accident/injury.
Despite the potential for antiretroviral therapy to improve maternal health and reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV to as low as 1%, HIV-related maternal deaths and HIV infection among infants remain unacceptably high across sub-Saharan Africa. This is particularly true in Kenya, where crucial drop-offs occur in the cascade of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. Weak health systems contribute to insufficient service coverage, but many barriers lie beyond the clinic-in the partner, family, and community factors that shape women's health decisions. The investigators' research in a high HIV prevalence area of southwestern Kenya has shown that many women avoid couples HIV testing and do not adhere to PMTCT regimens because they fear negative consequences from a male partner. Men can play a crucial supportive role for family health, but male partners in Kenya are poorly engaged in antenatal care and uptake of couples HIV testing during pregnancy is low. Pregnant women desire to be tested for HIV together with their partner and need the support for mutual disclosure involved in couples HIV testing and counseling (CHTC), regardless of whether they know their own HIV status. In this context, the investigators will test the efficacy of an interdependence theory-based couples intervention that reaches pregnant women and male partners through home visits by male-female pairs of lay health workers, and includes offer of home-based CHTC services. The randomized pilot study of this intervention with 96 pregnant couples (R34MH102103) demonstrated significant increases in uptake of couples testing (64% in intervention vs. 23% in control, p\<0.001) and significant improvements in health behaviors such as exclusive breastfeeding and postpartum care. The investigators will now conduct a more robust investigation to determine whether this intervention improves uptake of couples HIV testing and health outcomes over and above less intensive male engagement strategies being used in the region. This theory-based couples intervention has strong potential to increase couple HIV testing and collaboration for family health. The study will inform decision-makers about cost-effective strategies to engage pregnant couples in PMTCT and family health, with important downstream benefits for maternal, paternal, and infant health.
Hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant infections are associated with significant health care costs, substantial morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the rapid recognition of outbreaks and transmissions with hypervirulent and multi-drug resistant pathogen is a key priority for infection control and public health. For hospital epidemiologist, infectious disease and public health experts, and microbiologists the identification of an outbreak source is a first important step to establish effective counter-measurements. In Switzerland, the burden of pathogen transmission between humans, animals and the environment is substantial. The main goal is to implement a shared database, connecting human and veterinary microbiology laboratories, which would allow near real-time molecular epidemiology with high spatiotemporal resolution of bacterial pathogens such as transmission and outbreak surveillance between different compartments including humans, animals and the environment in Switzerland. Investigator aims to analyze already collected encoded retrospective datasets of various pathogens by combining epidemiological data and whole genome sequences from pathogens.
OBJECTIVE: Patients and their caregivers utilize online discussion board forums as a means to seek and exchange information about their or a loved one's condition. It is important for providers to be aware of such concerns and experiences. The goal of this study was to identify the primary concerns expressed on these discussion boards regarding Chiari malformation type I (CM) and to help guide clinicians in understanding patient challenges in the treatment of CM.
METHODS: The authors performed thematic analysis of anonymous online discussion board posts as identified through internet search engines. They then adopted a previously developed grounded theory method that utilizes a three-tiered coding and grouping process of posts based on commonly discovered content themes.
RESULTS: Analysis of 400 discussion board posts identified four distinct themes raised by CM patients and their caregivers: the path to diagnosis, symptoms experienced, surgical intervention, and high emotional burden. Although each individual experience was unique, the path toward a CM diagnosis was expressed as a journey involving multiple physicians, alternative diagnoses, and feelings of dismissal from providers. The most common reported symptoms included dizziness, headaches, neck and back pain, sensory issues, weakness and paresthesias of the extremities, speech issues, and general fatigue. Additionally, there was an overall sense of uncertainty from patients seeking advice regarding surgical intervention, with users expressing diverse sentiments that included both positive and negative outcomes regarding surgical treatment. Lastly, a wide range of emotions was expressed related to a CM diagnosis, including concern, worry, anxiety, depression, stress, fear, and frustration.
CONCLUSIONS: CM is a frequent imaging diagnosis identified in patients presenting with a wide range of symptoms, and as a result this leads to a diverse set of patient experiences. Analysis of CM patient and caregiver discussion boards revealed key themes that clinicians may address when counseling for CM.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tripeptide which has weak side effects and osteocyte proliferating actions and a method for producing the same.  <P>SOLUTION: The tripeptide having osteocyte proliferating actions is a tripeptide having a structure of Lys-Glu-Ile and osteocyte proliferating actions and all amino acids are L-amino acids and are bonded by a peptide bond. The method for producing the tripeptide comprises a step of adding a protease to an egg membrane obtained from a fish belonging to genus Gadus, Gadidae family, and Clupeidae family and heating the resulting mixture. The amount of the protease added is preferably 0.03-0.5 times the weight of the egg membrane, and the treating temperature is preferably 20-40°C. Furthermore, the obtained tripeptide Lys-Glu-Ile having osteocyte proliferating actions is utilized as an active ingredient of a food preparation, a cosmetic preparation, and a pharmaceutical preparation.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
BACKGROUND: Chronic treatment-resistant depression (TRD) poses a major challenge for clinicians. Ketamine has shown a rapid but short-lived antidepressant effect in several studies involving TRD patients with different demographic and clinical profiles. Our study aimed to assess the antidepressant effect of serial infusion sessions of ketamine in patients with chronic TRD and evaluate the severity of symptoms after relapse and the general psychiatric health of the responding patients.
METHODS: In this single arm open-label study, six infusions of ketamine at 0.5 mg/kg were administered to chronic TRD patients for approximately two weeks. Response and remission rates, side effects, adverse events and after-relapse symptoms were evaluated, and patients were followed for three months.
RESULTS: 23 patients underwent at least one infusion session, and 18 patients completed the six sessions. Twelve (66.67%) patients responded to the treatment at some point, and 11 (61.11%) patients maintained response after the end of the treatment protocol. One infusion was not sufficient to achieve a response (P > 0.9999, z = 1.81), and more than half of the responders met the response criteria after the third infusion. Only one patient (5.56%) achieved remission at the end of the infusion phase. All but one ketamine responders relapsed within one month after the end of the treatment. There was no statistical difference between baseline and after-relapse MADRS scores (P = 0.7886, 95% CI=-5.512-4.312, R2 = 0,008411). However, a high incidence of serious adverse events related to suicidality was evident; one of the non-responding patients attempted suicide and several attempts to sedate this patient with benzodiazepines failed. Two responding patients ended up with a suicidal attempt or severe suicidal thoughts.
CONCLUSIONS: Introducing rapid-acting antidepressant to manage TRD patients in clinical practice demands further investigation, and the benefit-to-harm ratio should be assessed in the light of the increased risk of suicidality.
Shake canister well before usage. Remove protective cap and securely attach actuator button with its delivery nozzle (either 15 cm or 25 cm) to the valve stem of canister.

Insert delivery nozzle through pleural trocar, taking care not to place the distal end of the delivery nozzle adjacent to the lung parenchyma or directly against the chest wall. While firmly holding the delivery nozzle and pleural trocar together in one hand, gently apply pressure to the actuator button on the canister. Sclerosol Intrapleural Aerosol® is not delivered by metered dose, but depends on the extent and duration of manual compression of the actuator button on the canister. The distal end of the delivery nozzle should be pointed in several different directions, while short bursts are administered in order to distribute the talc powder equally and extensively on all visceral and parietal pleural surfaces. For optimal distribution, always maintain the Sclerosol Intrapleural Aerosol® (sterile talc powder) canister in the upright position. After application, discard the canister and delivery nozzle. The duration of chest tube drainage following talc sclerosis is dictated by the clinical situation.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) can be used to inversely model complex physical systems by encoding the governing partial differential equations and training data into the neural network. However, neural networks are known to be biased towards learning less complex functions, called spectral bias. This has important implications in modeling cardiovascular flows, where spatial frequencies can vary substantially across anatomies and pathologies (e.g., aneurysms or stenoses). Recent evidence suggests that Fourier-based activation functions have desirable properties, and can potentially reduce spectral bias; however, the performance and adequacy of such Fourier activation functions have not yet been evaluated in patient-specific cardiovascular flow applications.
METHODS: The performance of sine activation function was evaluated against tanh and swish activation functions in a 1D advection-diffusion problem, an eccentric 2D stenosis model (Re=5000), and a patient-specific 3D aortic model (Re=823) under pulsatile flow conditions. CFD simulations were performed at high spatio-temporal resolution and data points were extracted for training the neural network. The number of training data points were normalized by L/D. The performance of the PINNs framework was evaluated with increasing number of training data points and across all three activation functions.
RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that sine activation function presents desirable characteristics, such as monotonic reduction in errors, relatively faster convergence, and accurate eigen spectra at higher modes, compared to tanh and swish activation functions. Interestingly, for all activation functions, the domain-averaged errors tended to asymptote at ≈15-20% despite substantial increase in training point density. For 2D eccentric stenosis, errors asymptoted at a sensor point density of 40L/D. For 3D patient-specific aorta, this asymptote was achieved at 180L/D for all three activation functions with an error of ≈15% although sine activation function demonstrated relatively faster convergence.
CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that Fourier-based activation functions have higher performance in terms of accuracy and convergence properties for cardiovascular flow applications; however, inherent challenges of neural networks (e.g., spectral bias) can limit the accuracy to ≈15% under physiological, 3D patient-specific blood flow conditions.
In patients MTC and persistently elevated calcitonin levels, the challenge is finding the site of residual disease. Since the only satisfying treatment is surgery, the early detection and precise location is important. Tumor localization techniques usually performed, including ultrasonography of the neck and liver, chest and abdomen, bone scintigraphy, isotopic scanning and even PET with FDG are poorly sensitive. The use of 18F-DOPA may be more sensitive and specific engineering for localization metastatic disease. The study include 100 patient with persistent MTC demonstrated by elevated tumor markers (calcitonin and CEA) and no evidence of recurrence on morphological imaging procedures. 18F-DOPA whole-body PET is performed 30 minutes after IV injection of 4 MBq/kg of 18F-DOPA, the patient fasted for 6 hours prior the start of the examination.

All 18F-DOPA PET are evaluated independently by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians and any tracer accumulation exceeding the normal uptake tissue is rated as pathologic finding. The sensibility and efficiency of 18F-DOPA PET will be analysed and Malignant tissue confirmed by histology after surgery or biopsy or by follow-up for one year.
An inventory tracking system includes a storage module that holds one or more items. Each item may be positioned at a location within the storage module regardless of physical characteristics of the item. An inventory monitoring module is included to monitor the storage module for adding items, retrieving items, consuming the items, returning unused items, discarding at least a portion of the consumed items, or a combination thereof. Each action is used to determine information about an item utilized in the action, including the location within the storage module of the item. Each storage module updates a central inventory database regarding the location of the storage module, a revised inventory of the items stored within the storage module, or both. The location of the storage module, the revised inventory of the item stored within the storage module, or both, is used to order replenishment of the item held within the storage module.