anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide, while it persists as the fourth most prevalent cause of cancer-related death in the United States of America. Although there are several novel therapeutic strategies for the approach of this intensely aggressive tumor, it remains a clinical challenge, as it is hard to identify in early stages, due to its asymptomatic course. A diagnosis is usually established when the disease is already in its late stages, while its chemoresistance constitutes an obstacle to the optimal management of this malignancy. The discovery of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools is considered a necessity for this tumor, due to its low survival rates and treatment failures. One of the most extensively investigated potential diagnostic and therapeutic modalities is extracellular vesicles (EVs). These vesicles constitute nanosized double-lipid membraned particles that are characterized by a high heterogeneity that emerges from their distinct biogenesis route, their multi-variable sizes, and the particular cargoes that are embedded into these particles. Their pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication via their cargo and their implication in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including pancreatic cancer, opens new horizons in the management of this malignancy. Meanwhile, the interplay between pancreatic carcinogenesis and short non-coding RNA molecules (micro-RNAs or miRs) is in the spotlight of current studies, as they can have either a role as tumor suppressors or promoters. The deregulation of both of the aforementioned molecules leads to several aberrations in the function of pancreatic cells, leading to carcinogenesis. In this review, we will explore the role of extracellular vesicles and miRNAs in pancreatic cancer, as well as their potent utilization as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
Subject will be administered a 5 milligram (mg) starting dose of GSK525762, oral tablets, QD. Dose escalations will be performed in Part 1 and dose adjustments are allowed to address tolerability and safety issues. Thereafter, subjects will be enrolled in a standard 3+3 design. Separate dose escalation cohorts will be opened for subjects with AML, NHL, and MM for QD dosing. Dose escalation will continue until an MTD is determined or until a dose of 200 mg per day is reached.
BACKGROUND: Ocular surface alterations causing dry eye disease (DED) can be described as a vicious circle consisting of different consecutive stages. Among the factors involved, the ocular surface immune-inflammatory response has been established as a key player in the pathogenesis of the vicious circle of DED. Thus, the prompt recognition of the disruption of the immunoregulatory mechanisms is crucial for properly managing the ocular surface alterations. To increase awareness and knowledge of the identification and clinical interpretation of immunological mechanisms of dry eye in clinical practice, we present two clinical cases related to DED patients to provide a practical example of clinical examination application and interpretation of diagnostic parameters in daily practice. Moreover, a literature overview of the available clinical examinations to assess the immunological involvement in DED patients, with a particular focus on the correlation between diagnostic parameters and pathogenesis of clinical signs, is provided with an educational intent.
CASE PRESENTATION: The presented clinical experiences suggested that in ocular surface pathologies, knowledge of the immune-inflammatory pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the observed clinical sign is of great help for understanding what is being observed in the patient and, consequently, for the choice of appropriate therapy. Literature evidence suggests that many different clinical examinations can be used to assess inflammation in DED patients, such as the assessment of hyperemia, staining of the ocular surface and measurement of hyperosmolarity and MMP-9 levels. The combination of impression cytology and flow cytometry to assess for markers of inflammation is considered the best technique to quantify the level of inflammation on the ocular surface, even if not always applicable in clinical practice.
CONCLUSIONS: Literature evidence and clinical experiences suggest that basic diagnostic approaches (assessment of hyperemia, MMP-9 levels, and staining of the ocular surface with Lissamine green or fluorescein) represent useful tools to assess the inflammatory component of DED in everyday practice, providing a guide to establish the correct therapeutic strategy.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. 

In 4 controlled clinical trials in patients receiving emetogenic cancer chemotherapy, VARUBI was given in combination with a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone. On Day 1 of Cycle 1 of chemotherapy, 1567 patients were treated with VARUBI and 1198 of these patients continued into the optional multiple cycle extension for up to 6 cycles of chemotherapy. The median number of cycles administered 180 mg of VARUBI was four. VARUBI 180 mg was administered to 1294 patients. 

In Cycle 1 adverse reactions were reported in approximately 7% of patients treated with VARUBI compared with approximately 6% of patients treated with control therapy. The most common adverse reactions reported with an incidence of ≥3% and greater than control are listed in Table 2 and Table 3. 

Adverse reactions in the multiple-cycle extensions of highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy studies for up to 6 cycles of chemotherapy were generally similar to that observed in Cycle 1.
A system and method for managing healthcare information is disclosed. The data servers each include a data manager that comprises a controller, applications, an application manager, a virtual care team module, and a user interface engine. The controller manages the core functions and the transmission of data between data manager components. The applications are applications that are created by the user or downloaded as third-party applications. The application manager manages the creation and communication between applications. The virtual care team module manages the transmission of patient data between data servers. The user interface engine generates user interfaces for displaying the applications and collecting clinical trial data.
INTRO: Valproic acid (VPA) is a commonly prescribed mood stabilizer, available in both oral (OS) and intravenous (IV) formulations. However, few studies have compared their safety and efficacy. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of and IV-VPA in patients with Bipolar Disorder.
METHODS: Fifty patients with Bipolar Disorder experiencing a manic or depressive episode, with concomitant symptoms of opposite polarity, admitted to our inpatient unit and treated with IV-VPA were included in a retrospective, single-centre, non-randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparative study. Fifty patients experiencing a manic or depressive episode, with concomitant symptoms of opposite polarity, treated with oral-VPA and selected among those who were admitted to the inpatient unit prior to the introduction of IV-VPA in our clinical practice, were included as the control group (matched based on age, gender and clinical scales score at baseline). The Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) scores were recorded at baseline, after 3 days of treatment and discharge from the inpatient unit. Patients were asked to respond on the basis of the symptoms present on the day the scale was administered. Response rate and the presence of adverse effects were also recorded.
RESULTS: Both patients treated with oral and IV-VPA demonstrated significant improvements in all psychometric scales (p < 0.001). However, the IV group exhibited superior efficacy, with significantly lower scores on the CGI, YMRS, MADRS and HAM-A scales on Day 3 and at discharge from the inpatient unit. The IV-VPA treatment showed higher response rates on all psychometric scales, and no adverse effects were reported in either group.
CONCLUSION: This retrospective study supports the use of IV-VPA as a more efficacious treatment option for patients with Bipolar Disorder, particularly in acute settings where rapid symptom improvement is crucial. Both oral and IV-VPA were found to be safe and well-tolerated.
Patients will have assessed symptom burden using the Dutch validated ESAS (called USD), build in the MuSt-PC tool. Thereafter, they will record symptom burden in a diary during 2 weeks.
For non intervention group patients, pharmacists evaluate the patient's condition and collect corresponding information at the first visit and on-site follow-up at 1, 3, and 6 months, explain the dosage and dosage of drugs to the patient, and remind them of medication contraindications. Necessary intervention measures are taken at the 6th month.
During treatment period 4, subjects will receive matching placebo for EM 1mg (ascorbic acid powder) and matching placebo for 5-Hydroxytryptophan 100mg (ascorbic acid powder). One of each capsule (both size 00) will be taken three times per day for four weeks.
Study participants will undergo three assessments of metabolic flexibility. Two measurements of metabolic flexibility will be conducted during two separate overnight stay in a metabolic chamber approximately 5-7 days apart. The third measurement of metabolic flexibility will be assessed during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure conducted 7-28 days following the completion of the second overnight stay in the metabolic chamber.
Interactive injection and sexual risk intervention: In each city, 75 women will participate in the 60 minute "Di No a las Jeringas Contaminadas" \['Say No to Contaminated Syringes'\] and "Di No Al Sexo Inseguro" \[Say No to Unsafe Sex'\] counseling session. This one-on-one intervention incorporates elements of MI and principles of Social Cognitive Theory and Theory of Reasoned Action (SCT/TRA) to address the context of both, a) unsafe injection sharing and the extent to which syringes and other injection paraphernalia is shared; and b) unsafe sex and condom use with clients, and associated risks (e.g., HIV (Human Immuno-deficiency Virus), STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections), pregnancy).
Shear wave elastography (SWE) will be used to assess the stiffness of tissue. Patients will be revaluated after 6 weeks following corticosteroid injection. Patient will sit done in a chair. The investigators will scan the wrist area of both arms to acquire SWE map. The investigators do not expect any discomfort during the imaging.
Triple-drug antiretroviral regimens have become the recommended approach to therapy for HIV infection. \[AS PER AMENDMENT 12/4/00: The clinical use of multiple-drug antiretroviral regimens containing various combinations of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs) has become a widespread approach to therapy for HIV infection, especially for patients previously treated with PIs.\] Since the introduction of PIs, a greater awareness of the relationship between optimal suppression of viral replication, genotypic resistance, and viral rebound has led to the design of more potent antiretroviral drug combinations. Two ACTG clinical trials addressing the issue of virologic failure utilize antiviral regimens that include 2 NRTIs, 2 PIs (one of which is APV), and EFV (NNRTI). Although this drug combination is logical, there is limited PK data to guide the dosing selection. This study enrolls healthy volunteers to obtain PK profiles and metabolic assessments of APV/EFV before and after the addition of a second PI \[AS PER AMENDMENT 12/4/00: APV alone, APV combined with EFV, and APV/EFV combined with a second PI\].

Upon study entry, volunteers receive APV plus EFV for 2 weeks. \[AS PER AMENDMENT 12/4/00: Volunteers receive a single dose of APV alone on Day 0, EFV alone on Days 1 to 10, and APV combined with EFV on Days 11 to 13.\] After 2 weeks \[AS PER AMENDMENT 12/4/00: After completion of the second PK visit\], volunteers are randomized to 1 of 5 treatment arms to add a second PI to the APV/EFV drug combination for 2 more weeks \[AS PER AMENDMENT 12/4/00: for at least 1 week\]. The treatment arms are as follows:

Arm A (control arm): APV and EFV alone. Arm B: APV and EFV plus IDV \[AS PER AMENDMENT 12/4/00: APV and EFV plus NFV\]. Arm C: APV and EFV plus NFV \[AS PER AMENDMENT 12/4/00: APV and EFV plus IDV\]. Arm D: APV and EFV plus RTV sgc. Arm E: APV and EFV plus SQV sgc. On Day 14, 15, or 16, volunteers return to the clinic for PK testing following the dual-drug regimen, and again on Day 29, 30, or 31 following the triple-drug regimen (or continued dual-drug regimen for Arm A). \[AS PER AMENDMENT 12/4/00: Volunteers attend clinics for PK testing on Days 0 and 1 (first visit), after taking the dual-drug regimen for at least 3 days (second visit, e.g., on Day 14 or after), and after taking the triple-drug regimen (or, if in Arm A, after continuing on the dual-drug regimen) for at least 7 days (third visit).\] Before each PK testing, volunteers complete an Adherence Questionnaire. \[AS PER AMENDMENT 12/4/00: The Adherence Questionnaire is administered at the second and third PK visits.\] Volunteers maintain a food diary. Two to three weeks after completing the drug regimen \[AS PER AMENDMENT 12/4/00: Within 2-3 weeks after the third PK visit\], volunteers return to the clinic for evaluations and urine and blood sampling.
An electrochemical sensor system comprises an electrochemical sensor and a hydrogel composition. The electrochemical sensor has at least a counter electrode and a working electrode. The hydrogel composition contacts the working electrode. The hydrogel composition comprises a first monomer, a second monomer, a cross-linking agent, and a solvent. The first monomer has hydrophilic characteristics. The second monomer has hydrophobic characteristics. The ratio of the first monomer to the second monomer is from about 0.1:99.9 to about 99.9:0.1.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Differentiating idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) from neurodegenerative disorders such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Multiple System Atrophy-parkinsonian type (MSA-P), and vascular dementia (VaD) is challenging due to overlapping clinical and neuroimaging findings. This study assesses if quantitative brain stem and cerebellum metrics can aid in this differentiation.
METHODS: We retrospectively compared the sagittal midbrain area, midbrain to pons ratio, MR parkinsonism index (MRPI), and cerebellar atrophy in 30 PSP patients, 31 iNPH patients, 27 MSA-P patients, 32 VaD patients, and 25 healthy controls. Statistical analyses determined group differences, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves.
RESULTS: There was an overlap in midbrain morphology between PSP and iNPH, as assessed with MRPI, midbrain to pons ratio, and midbrain area. A cutoff value of MRPI > 13 exhibited 84% specificity in distinguishing PSP from iNPH and 100% in discriminating PSP from all other conditions. A cutoff value of midbrain to pons ratio at <0.15 yielded 95% specificity for differentiating PSP from iNPH and 100% from all other conditions. A cutoff value of midbrain area at <87 mm2 exhibited 97% specificity for differentiating PSP from iNPH and 100% from all other conditions. All measures showed low sensitivity. Cerebellar atrophy did not differ significantly among groups.
CONCLUSION: Our study questions MRPI's diagnostic performance in distinguishing PSP from iNPH. Simpler indices such as midbrain to pons ratio and midbrain area showed similar or better accuracy. However, all these indices displayed low sensitivity despite significant differences among PSP, MSA-P, and VaD.
JCXH-211 will be delivered by intratumoral injection. The dose to be used will be determined after review of the data from Phase 1a.
Participants will take SAS0421a, SAS0421b and SAS0421c for 3 days. Half doses will be given on the first night.
During the first wound care procedure, patients received morphine 0.05 mg/kg (a maximum dose of 4 mg) plus ketamine 0.25 mg/kg (MK). Then, during the second wound care procedure, patients received morphine 0.1 mg/kg (a maximum dose of 8 mg) plus saline (MS).
Apart from apomictic types, the Polygonum-type eight-nuclear embryo sac is considered to be dominant in grasses. A triploid endosperm is formed as a result of double fertilisation. This study showed, for the first time, the dominance of diploid nuclei in the syncytial stage of the central cell of embryo sac in oat species and amphiploids. The dominance of diploid nuclei, which were the basis for the formation of polyploid nuclei, was weaker in amphiploids due to aneuploid events. The genomic in situ hybridisation method applied in the study did not distinguish the maternal and paternal haploid nuclei of embryo sac. However, this method demonstrated the lack of a set of genomes of one haploid nucleus. Embryological analyses of the initial stages of oat endosperm development revealed a fertilised egg cell, and two polar nuclei differing in size. It can be assumed that the formation of diploid oat endosperm occurred after the fusion of one polar nucleus and the nucleus of a male gamete, while the second polar nucleus gave rise to 1n nuclei. The levels of ploidy of syncytial nuclei were not influenced by both aneuploid events and correlated with pollen developmental anomalies. The differences in the analysed cytogenetic events distinguished amphiploids and their parental species in the ordination space.
BACKGROUND: The association between Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been established by many studies, but there have been conflicting results from the literature. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate the association between APOA5 gene polymorphisms and the prevalence of MetS.
METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus were searched up to April 2024. The random effects model was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between APOA5 gene polymorphisms and the prevalence of MetS development. The potential sources of heterogeneity were evaluated by subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses.
RESULTS: A total of 30 studies with 54,986 subjects (25,341 MetS cases and 29,645 healthy controls) were included. The presence of rs662799 and rs651821 polymorphisms is associated with an approximately 1.5-fold higher likelihood of MetS prevalence (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.53, p < 0.001; I2 = 67.1%; P-heterogeneity < 0.001; and OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.36-1.65, p < 0.001), respectively. MetS is also more prevalent in individuals with the genetic variants rs3135506 and rs2075291. There was no evidence of a connection with rs126317.
CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that polymorphisms located in the promoter and coding regions of the APOA5 gene are associated with an increased prevalence of MetS in the adult population. Identifying individuals with these genetic variations could lead to early disease detection and the implementation of preventive strategies to reduce the risk of MetS and its related health issues. However, because the sample size was small and there was evidence of significant heterogeneity for some APOA5 gene polymorphisms, these results need to be confirmed by more large-scale and well-designed studies.
General anesthesia with sevoflurane. Infusion of normal saline during surgery. Administer rocuronium 0.8 mg/kg for induction.
Minimize the risk of hyperkalemia with proper patient selection and monitoring and avoidance of certain concomitant medications [See 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS, ADVERSE REACTIONS, 6.2 Clinical Laboratory Test Findings ) and 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS]. Monitor patients for the development of hyperkalemia until the effect of eplerenone is established. Patients who develop hyperkalemia (>5.5 mEq/L) may continue eplerenone therapy with proper dose adjustment. Dose reduction decreases potassium levels. [See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, 2.1 Congestive Heart Failure Post-Myocardial Infarction .]

The rates of hyperkalemia increase with declining renal function. [See ADVERSE REACTIONS, 6.2 Clinical Laboratory Test Findings .] Patients with hypertension who have serum creatinine levels >2.0 mg/dL (males) or >1.8 mg/dL (females) or creatinine clearance ≤50mL/min should not be treated with eplerenone [See 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS]. Patients with CHF post-MI who have serum creatinine levels >2.0 mg/dL (males) or >1.8 mg/dL (females) or creatinine clearance ≤50mL/min should be treated with eplerenone with caution.

Diabetic patients with CHF post-MI should also be treated with caution, especially those with proteinuria. The subset of patients in the EPHESUS study with both diabetes and proteinuria on the baseline urinalysis had increased rates of hyperkalemia compared to patients with either diabetes or proteinuria. [See ADVERSE REACTIONS, 6.2 Clinical Laboratory Test Findings .]
Deferasirox was administered orally once a day, 30 minutes prior to breakfast. Dosage was based on participant's body weight. Starting dose was determined by the frequency of blood transfusions and recommended initial daily dose of deferasirox is 20 mg/kg body weight for patients receiving blood transfusion, 10 mg/kg for patients receiving less frequent transfusion/exchange transfusion and 30 mg/kg for patients receiving more frequent blood transfusions.
BACKGROUND: The novel nanomaterials PNA-TN (PN) and PNA-TN-Dox (PND) have been shown to have strong inhibitory effects on breast cancer; however, it is unclear whether PN and PND have anti-head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) activity, and their potential mechanisms of activity are unknown. So, our study aims to explore the therapeutic effects of PN and PND on HNSCC and their possible mechanisms.
METHODS: We used a series of phenotypic research to evaluate the effects of PN + Laser (L) and PND + L on the biological function of HNSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. We subsequently used mechanism research to examine changes in mRNA and protein expression related to apoptosis, epithelial‒mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the JNK signalling pathway.
RESULTS: Our study revealed that PN and PND have strong inhibitory effects on HNSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, PN and PND significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT ability of HNSCC cells and promoted apoptosis; the inhibitory effect in the PND + L group was significantly greater than that in the PN + L group. In vivo, both treatments led to significant reductions in tumour volume and weight. Notably, the tumour volume and weight in the PND + L group were significantly lower than those in the PN + L group. Mechanism research confirmed that PN + L activated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and inhibited the expression of EMT-related proteins via the JNK pathway. Furthermore, the anti-HNSCC effect of PN + L was blocked after the use of a JNK pathway inhibitor.
CONCLUSION: Treatment with PN + L or PND + L significantly inhibited the malignant progress of HNSCC cells, and the therapeutic effect of PND + L was significantly stronger than that of PN + L. The JNK signalling pathway is a key mechanism by which PN exerts its anti-HNSCC activity.