anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plaster having excellent skin absorbency of donepezil and suppressed crystal deposition of the donepezil.  <P>SOLUTION: The plaster comprises the donepezil, a fatty acid amide and boric acid in a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. The plaster has excellent skin absorbency of the donepezil and persistence can be imparted to pharmaceutical effects thereof. Thereby, the plaster provides stable therapeutic effects in treatment of dementia. Since the plaster has excellent content stability of the donepezil with time without increasing crystals of the donepezil even after preservation over a long period irrespective of the contained donepezil having poor solubility, the plaster can safely be used as a pharmaceutical.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
The Sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent enzymes assumes a pivotal role in orchestrating adaptive responses to environmental fluctuations and stress stimuli, operating at both genomic and metabolic levels. Within this family, SIRT7 emerges as a versatile player in tumorigenesis, displaying both pro-tumorigenic and tumor-suppressive functions in a context-dependent manner. While other sirtuins, such as SIRT1 and SIRT6, exhibit a similar dual role in cancer, SIRT7 stands out due to distinctive attributes that sharply distinguish it from other family members. Among these are a unique key role in regulation of nucleolar functions, a close functional relationship with RNA metabolism and processing -exceptional among sirtuins- and a complex multienzymatic nature, which provides a diverse range of molecular targets. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the role of SIRT7 in various malignancies, placing particular emphasis on the intricate molecular mechanisms employed by SIRT7 to either stimulate or counteract tumorigenesis. Additionally, it delves into the unique features of SIRT7, discussing their potential and specific implications in tumor initiation and progression, underscoring the promising avenue of targeting SIRT7 for the development of innovative anti-cancer therapies.
PURPOSE: This literature review aims to present evidence-based clinical recommendations for the eight most debated topics related to perioperative management in total knee arthroplasty: counselling, prehabilitation, transfusion risk, tranexamic acid, drainage, analgesia, urinary catheter and compression stockings.
METHODS: A multidisciplinary team conducted a systematic review on these topics. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for the literature review and result presentation. The research encompassed articles from 1 January 2009 to 28 February 2023, retrieved through the MEDLINE database via PubMed, Embase database and Cochrane Library.
RESULTS: Forty-five articles were selected. Preoperative counselling has limited evidence for its impact on postoperative outcomes; yet, it can help alleviate surgery-related anxiety and manage postoperative symptoms. Prehabilitation can also prepare patients for surgery, reducing hospital stays and improving postsurgery functionality. Numerous studies suggest that preoperative Hb levels are independently linked to transfusion risk, with a recommended level of 13 g/dL. Combining intravenous and local tranexamic acid administration is strongly advised to reduce perioperative blood loss, while drainage after primary total knee arthroplasty offers no functional advantages. Employing a multimodal analgesia approach yields better results with reduced opioid usage. Indwelling urinary catheters provide no benefit and avoiding them can lower the risk of urinary tract infections. As for compression stockings, there is insufficient evidence in the literature to support their efficacy in preventing venous thromboembolism.
CONCLUSION: The best-track protocol has demonstrated its efficacy in reducing hospitalisation time and perioperative/postoperative complications. It is success relies on a collaborative, resource-adaptive approach led by a multidisciplinary team. Both patients and hospitals benefit from this approach, as it enhances care quality and lowers costs. Several studies have highlighted the significance of a patient-centred approach in achieving high-quality care. Creating a novel treatment protocol could be a prospective goal in the near future.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.
The study was designed as a prospective study. The rates of cesarean section and maternal/fetal outcomes had been compared between pregnancies complicated with isolated oligohydramnios at term and postdate pregnancies. All patients with isolated oligohydramnios were term (37-40 weeks' gestation according to accurate last menstrual period and first trimester sonographic examination). Oligohydramnios was defined as an amniotic fluid index \< 5 cm. The control group consisted of prolonged pregnancies in the absence of spontaneous labor and oligohydramnios. Prolonged pregnancy is diagnosed if 41 gestational weeks are completed according to accurate date of last menstrual period and first trimester ultrasound. All patients who accepted to join the study gave informed consent. All patients had a complete physical and obstetrical examination. Vital signs were recorded at regular intervals. The primary outcome measure was defined as cesarean section rates in pregnancies complicated with isolated oligohydramnios managed by induction of labor.
Hyoscyamine has actions similar to those of atropine, but is more potent in both its central and peripheral effects.

This product inhibits gastrointestinal propulsive motility and decreases gastric acid secretions. This product controls excessive pharyngeal, tracheal, and bronchial secretion. This product is absorbed totally and completely by sublingual administration as well as oral administration.

Once absorbed, this product disappears rapidly from the blood and is distributed throughout the entire body.

The majority of hyoscyamine sulfate is excreted in the urine unchanged within the first 12 hours and only traces of hyoscyamine sulfate are found in the breast milk.
The disclosure provides population and non-population-based classifiers to categorize patients and cancers. The population-based classifiers disclosed integrate signatures, i.e., global scores related to the expression of genes in particular gene panels. The non-population-based classifiers are generated using machine-learning techniques (e.g., regression, random forests, or ANN). Each type of classifier stratifies patients and cancers according to tumor microenvironments (TME) as biomarker-positive or biomarker-negative, and treatment decisions are then guided by the presence/absence of a particular TME. Also provided are methods for treating a subject, e.g., a human subject, afflicted with cancer comprising administering a particular therapy depending on the classification of the cancer's TME according to the disclosed classifiers. Also provided are personalized treatments that can be administered to a subject having a cancer classified into a particular TME, and gene panels that can be used for identifying a human subject afflicted with a cancer suitable for treatment with a particular therapeutic agent.
PURPOSE: A method for preparing arctigenin using microorganisms is provided to effectively convert arctin to arctigenin. CONSTITUTION: A method for preparing arctigenin comprises a step of culturing microorganisms in a medium containing Arctium lappa L. extract. The extract is prepared using water and organic solvent. The microorganism is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, or Lactobacillus plantarum. A method for manufacturing a cosmetic composition comprises a step of culturing the microorganisms in the medium containing Arctium lappa L. extract. A cosmetic composition contains Arctium lappa L. extract as an active ingredient. [Reference numerals] (AA) Microorganism; (BB) Consuming as an energy source of microorganism during glucose fermentation process
Aquaporins (AQPs) are small, integral proteins facilitating water transport across plasma cell membranes in response to osmotic gradients. This family has 13 unique members (AQP0-12), which can also transport glycerol, urea, gases, and other salute small molecules. AQPs play a crucial role in the regulation of different cellular processes, including metabolism, migration, immunity, barrier function, and angiogenesis. These proteins are found to aberrantly overexpress in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Growing evidence has explored AQPs as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in different cancers. However, there is no comprehensive review compiling the available information on the crucial role of AQPs in the context of colorectal cancer. This review highlights the significance of AQPs as the biomarker and regulator of tumor cells metabolism. In addition, the proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells related to AQPs expression as well as function are discussed. Understanding the AQPs prominent role in chemotherapy resistance is of great importance clinically.
Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that belongs to the thienobenzodiazepine class. The chemical designation is 2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10 -thieno[2,3- ] [1,5]benzodiazepine. The molecular formula is C H N S, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 312.44. The chemical structure is: Hb17204

Olanzapine is a yellow crystalline solid, which is practically insoluble in water.

Olanzapine for Injection is intended for intramuscular use only.

Each vial provides for the administration of 10 mg (32 μmol) olanzapine with inactive ingredients 50 mg lactose monohydrate and 3.5 mg tartaric acid. Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may have been added during manufacturing to adjust pH.
Native plants are adaptable in various environmental conditions in part through the production of unique phytochemicals which may have beneficial effects on human health. Native Australian fruits contain higher phytochemical and antioxidant levels than most Western fruits, suggesting potential for greater health benefits arising from their consumption. These beneficial effects, in turn, may be mediated by the inhibition of inflammatory pathways as well as oxidative stress via the regulation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and/or nitrogen (RNS) species levels. Unaccustomed or strenuous exercise causes muscle damage and soreness, that may be driven by increased ROS and inflammation. There is growing interest in the application of polyphenol-rich food supplementation for the alleviation of exercise-induced oxidative stress, for the reduction of exercise-induced inflammation and improvement of muscle recovery. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide an overview of the phytochemical and bioactive composition of some Australian native plant foods and their potential use for functional food development in the management of muscle recovery and inflammation. Native plant foods and food products could be beneficial for reducing inflammation, though it is important to note that most of the research in this field has been conducted in animal models or in vitro, in addition to there being little data on skeletal muscle inflammation. Further studies, particularly in humans, would be needed to confirm these effects and to determine the appropriate dosages and forms of native foods and food products for consumption to reduce inflammation and enhance muscle recovery.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus contain, in addition to the canonical gag/pol/env genes, additional small open reading frames encoding gene products, including the 96-amino acid 15-kDa virion associated HIV-1 Vpr gene product. The conservation of the vpr open reading frame in primate lentiviruses suggests that vpr is critical to viral replication. A biologically active recombinant HIV-1 Vpr protein was employed as a ligand to identify its cellular targets. A novel 41-kDa cytosolic protein was identified and termed the viral protein R interacting protein, or Rip-1. Rip-1 displays a wide tissue distribution, including relevant targets of HIV infection. Vpr protein induced nuclear translocation of Rip-1, as did glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-II-stimulating steroids. Vpr and Rip-1 coimmunoprecipitated with the human GR as part of a receptor complex. The present invention discloses methods for the identification of compounds capable of inducing GR-II/Rip-1 receptor complex cytosolic to nuclear translocation.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ligand which may be a human or a humanized monoclonal antibody and a fragment, a derivative and a homolog thereof, and may exhibit an unforeseen "plateau effect".  <P>SOLUTION: The ligand and a manufacturing method thereof as well as the pharmaceutical preparation including the ligand are provided. The ligand may bind to a factor or a complex of factors resulting in only partially impairing the function of a physiologically functional site of the factor or factor complex even in molar excess. This makes the ligand particularly suitable for treating coagulation disorders and resulting thrombotic pathologic conditions while minimizing the risk of bleeding. Particularly useful is a property of the ligand to allow some physiological function of the affected site even when the ligand is in molar excess.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
There is convincing evidence from both experimental and human studies that MN is mediated by the deposition of IgG antibodies in the subepithelial aspect of the GBM. More debatable, is the mechanism(s) of deposition of these antibodies in that location. Given the key role of IgG antibodies in MN, it is reasonable to postulate that suppression of antibody production by depleting B cells and/or plasma cells may improve or even resolve the glomerular pathology as reflected by a reduction in proteinuria. There is evidence that this strategy is effective in the treatment of other antibody-mediated diseases and preliminary studies in MN are promising. Data from animal studies suggest that immune deposition resulting from B cell activation promote injury to the glomerular filtering barrier and proteinuria.103 In humans, as discussed above, there is evidence that therapy directed against B cells, e.g. cyclophosphamide, is effective in MN. Cyclophosphamide has striking direct effects on B cell function, and suppresses the secretion of immunoglobulins.104 Thus, a case could be made for using an agent capable of depleting B cells, and therefore halting the production of nephrotoxic immunoglobulins. This approach could stop the pathogenic events at their initial stages and potentially result in resolution of the pathological process. The rationale for using such an approach can be further substantiated by the fact that Th2 pathway for antibody response is activated and that inhibition of B cells and of pathogenic antibodies is strictly associated with beneficial effects of immunosuppressive drugs in experimental MN.

This is a open-label Phase I/II pilot study. Patients will receive Rituximab at a total dose of 1g on Day 1 and Day 15 according to infusion guidelines. Patient experience complete clinical response (as per response criteria outlined below), AND Patient subsequently experiences clinical relapse, defined as return of proteinuria to 4 g/24h, and in whom CD20+ cell count have normalized, will receive a second course of Rituximab. Patients who relapse but who remain B cell depleted will not be retreated.
There is provided an organoid comprising motor neurons derived from stem cells, said motor neurons characterized by the expression of insulin gene enhancer protein (ISL1). In particular, the organoid is a spinal organoid. Also provided is a method of obtaining an organoid, comprising culturing stem cells in a culture medium comprising one or more reagents capable of inducing neuralization of the stem cells e.g. CHIR99021 and LDN-193189; contacting the stem cells to a reagent capable of caudalizing the stem cells e.g. retinoic acid; and contacting the stem cells to a reagent capable of ventralizing the stem cells e.g. purmorphamine. In addition, the present invention relates to a method of screening agents capable of prolonging motor neuron survival using said organoids, as well as a method of treating spinal muscular atrophy with a CDK4/6 inhibitor e.g. PD 0332991.
This study is a randomized double blind clinical trial being funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). The primary aim is to estimate feasibility and tolerability of a 5-day, 1Hz rTMS intervention in 34 participants with schizophrenia. A secondary aim is to assess target engagement by investigating whether 1 Hz rTMS applied to motor cortex can enhance intracortical inhibition in participants with schizophrenia. The participants with Sz will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either active 1Hz rTMS or sham 1Hz rTMS. We do not necessarily anticipate a statistically significant difference between treatment groups, given our limited sample size. Rather, we are focused on generating effect size estimates that will help us determine whether and how to proceed to the next phase of research and a future R01 submission. We will explore the relationship between change in SICI score (pre-to-post-treatment) and total scores of clinical scales (Fagerstrom nicotine dependence, the brief psychiatric rating scale and the brief negative symptoms scale) and medication dose and type. We will also collect preliminary data on the effect of rTMS on the resting state functional connectivity of the motor cortex with other brain regions, and the change performance on cognitive tasks (i.e., stop signal reaction time, spatial working memory) from pre-to-post-treatment.
Increasing evidence supported that oxidative stress induced by herniated lumbar disc played important role in the formation of lumbar disc herniation sciatica (LDHS), however, the neural mechanisms underlying LDHS need further clarification. Endomorphin-2 (EM2) is the endogenous ligand for mu-opioid receptor (MOR), and there is increasing evidence implicating the involvement of spinal EM2 in neuropathic pain. In this study, using an nucleus pulposus implantation induced LDHS rat model that displayed obvious mechanical allodynia, it was found that the expression of EM2 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord was significantly decreased. It was further found that oxidative stress in DRG and spinal cord was significantly increased in LDHS rats, and the reduction of EM2 in DRG and spinal cord was determined by oxidative stress dominated increment of dipeptidylpeptidase IV activity. A systemic treatment with antioxidant could prevent the forming of mechanical allodynia in LDHS rats. In addition, MOR expression in DRG and spinal cord remained unchanged in LDHS rats. Intrathecal injection of MOR antagonist promoted pain behavior in LDHS rats, and the analgesic effect of intrathecal injection of EM2 was stronger than that of endomorphin-1 and morphine. Taken together, our findings suggest that oxidative stress mediated decrement of EM2 in DRG and spinal cord causes the loss of endogenous analgesic effects and enhances the pain sensation of LDHS.
According to the 2023 CSCO guidelines, differentiated surgical treatment has been performed for the site of biliary malignancies. For postoperative adjuvant therapy, BILCAP study showed that oral capecitabine as a single drug is one of the options for both efficacy and safety. For patients with postoperative risk factors, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 are of some significance for monitoring recurrence, and often serve as precursors for clinical judgment of recurrence or progression. For people with high risk factors for recurrence and progression, adjuvant therapy intensity needs to be strengthened. Oral capecitabine can no longer meet the needs of this population, so patients need to be given intravenous chemotherapy in advance to control progression, recurrence or metastasis. In this case, metastatic first-line therapy is often used for early intervention. The NIFE study showed that compared with conventional chemotherapy regimens, the regimen of irinotecan liposome (new formulation) combined with 5-FU/LV achieved relatively better efficacy data in the median OS and ORR efficacy. It is noteworthy that this regimen has a significant therapeutic benefit in patients with advanced first-line extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, with a median PFS of 9.59 months and a median OS of 18.23 months.

To explore the efficacy and safety of irinotecan liposomes +5-FU/LV versus oral capecitabine in patients at high risk of recurrence after resection of resectable biliary malignancies.
A cosmetic agent for lightening keratin fibers, containing at least one packaged preparation (A), wherein preparation (A), based on its total weight, contains about 10-90% by weight of peroxydisulfate(s), from about 10-50% by weight of sodium silicate and preparation (A) is packaged in a water-soluble film which, based on its total weight, consists of at least 60% by weight of a polymer mixture which has a multi-modal molecular weight distribution. The sodium silicate may comprise sodium disilicate. The polymer mixture may comprise at least 60% by weight of a mixture comprising water-soluble vinyl alcohol / vinyl acetate copolymer a1) and at least one water-soluble vinyl alcohol / vinyl acetate copolymer a2) which is different from a1). The polymer mixture may comprise at least 60% by weight of a mixture comprising water-soluble vinyl alcohol / vinyl acetate copolymer a1) and at least one optionally modified water-soluble polysaccharide from the group consisting of methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, dextrin and hydroxypropylstarch. The cosmetic agent may further comprise a flowable preparation (B) which, based on its weight comprises 50-98% water and 0.5-20% hydrogen peroxide. A method for the colour change of keratin fibres in which preparation (A) is introduced into preparation (B) by dissolving the water-soluble film.
Multiple risk factors have been associated with the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). Recent advances in understanding the role of genetics in this disease have been made, with discovery of the filaggrin (FLG) gene as the most notable so far. In addition to FLG gene mutations as a risk factor for AD, a positive family history of atopic or allergic disease in either parent has been shown to confer a greater risk of developing AD. Atopic dermatitis usually presents early in life and is thought to represent the initial step in the "atopic march," which is characterized by the development of other atopic diseases later in life such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and/or rhinoconjunctivitis, food allergies, and hay fever. Other comorbid diseases that have been associated with AD include increase risk of viral and bacterial skin infections, neuropsychiatric diseases such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Patients with AD have also been found to have worse sleep quality overall compared to patients without AD. In this chapter, we will discuss the risk factors associated with development of atopic dermatitis as well as the most commonly reported comorbidities in patients with this disease.