anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To detect a sentinel lymph node, the lymph node to which a tumor metastasizes first, easily and precisely from the surface of a biological tissue. SOLUTION: Indocyanine green as near infrared fluorescent pigment, is locally injected around a tumor previously, then a celiotomy is performed after a prescribed period of time, and near infrared excitation beam L2 is applied to an observation part 10 from an excitation beam irradiation unit 100. As the indocyanine green is accumulated in a sentinel lymph node 11, near infrared fluorescence L4 is emitted from the sentinel lymph node 11. The infrared fluorescence L4 is intensified by an image intensifier 127 and converted into a visualized image by a fluorescent screen 18. An observer can observe both an ordinary image transmitting a half mirror 123 and the visualized image reflected on a mirror 130 and the half mirror 123 at the same time.  As the excitation light L2 and the fluorescence L4 are both the light of near infrared wavelength which cannot be easily absorbed in a biological tissue such as the fat covering the sentinel lymph node, the sentinel lymph node 11 can be detected from the surface of the biological tissue.
All subjects then will receive open-label treatment (Tx) for six days within an fourteen-day span (Visits 3-8). Briefly, a newer form of rTMS called intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) will be used that mimics endogenous theta rhythms, which can improve induction of synaptic long-term potentiation and influence functional connectivity. A 10-min iTBS sessions will be applied to the basal ganglia-cerebellar-cortical network immediately after the subject has primed and activated the network by performing a precision force tracking task for up to 10 min. The subject will undergo 5 sessions of the force task and stimulation per day, with each session separated by 40 min.
PCT No. PCT/FR91/00406 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 20, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 20, 1992 PCT Filed May 21, 1991 PCT Pub. No. WO91/17977 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 28, 1991.A stereoselective process for preparing phenylisoserine derivatives is disclosed. Benzylamine is reacted with an agent for introducing a phenyl or a t-butoxycarbonyl group. The product undergoes double anionization and then is reacted with acrolein to provide a mixture of alcohol syn and anti diasteroisomers. The syn isomer is isolated by chromatography. Whereupon, the hydroxyl is protected and the product is oxidized to provide the phenylisoserine derivative.
In the literature, there were four well-controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel group comparison clinical studies done with imipramine hydrochloride in the elderly population. There was a total number of 651 subjects included in these studies. These studies did not provide a comparison to younger subjects. There were no additional adverse experiences identified in the elderly.

Clinical studies of imipramine hydrochloride in the original application did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Post-marketing clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger subjects. In general, dose selection for the elderly should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

(See also DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Adolescent and Geriatric Patients) (See also PRECAUTIONS: General)
FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. ^ SUBSTANCE: present invention refers to a solid dosage form for oral administration, containing 5-chlor-N-({(5S)-2-oxo-3-[4-(3-oxo-4-morpholinyl)]-phenyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl}-methyl)-2-thiophene carboxamide in an amorphous form or in thermodynamically metastable crystalline modification with a fast-release active substance. The active substance (I) is transformed in the amorphous state by a solution method with using acetic acid as a solvent and adding suitable excipients, preferentially, polyvinylpyrrolidone, or by an extrusion melting method with using polymer - hydroxypropyl cellulose or polyvinylpyrrolidone. The active substance (I) is transformed in the thermodynamically metastable crystalline modification by a melting method with using suitable excipients, preferentially polyethylene glycol. ^ EFFECT: dosage forms according to the invention are characterised by high release rate and better solubility of the active substance. ^ 8 cl, 6 ex
Although sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most feared epilepsy outcome, there is a dearth of SUDEP counseling provided by neurologists. This may reflect limited time, as well as the lack of guidance on the timing and structure for counseling. We evaluated records from SUDEP cases to examine frequency of inpatient and outpatient SUDEP counseling, and whether counseling practices were influenced by risk factors and biomarkers, such as post-ictal generalized EEG suppression (PGES). We found a striking lack of SUDEP counseling despite modifiable SUDEP risk factors; counseling was limited to outpatients despite many patients having inpatient visits within a year of SUDEP. PGES was inconsistently documented and was never included in counseling. There is an opportunity to greatly improve SUDEP counseling by utilizing inpatient settings and prompting algorithms incorporating risk factors and biomarkers.
The invention provides a proline-rich antibacterial peptide Pyr-2 targeting gram-negative bacteria, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the sequence of the antibacterial peptide is shown as SEQ ID No. 1. The 2 nd to 10 th amino acids in the natural antibacterial peptide Pyrrosorin are taken as core sequences, and the 4 th and 5 th glycin and serine in the sequences are respectively replaced by proline, so that the number of proline is increased, and the hydrophobicity is improved; substitution of threonine at position 11 with arginine increases the number of positive charges of the polypeptide, thereby improving the antibacterial activity of the polypeptide. Application of the antibacterial peptide Pyr-2 in preparing medicaments for treating infectious diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial peptide Pyr-2 provided by the invention hardly causes hemolysis to red blood cells, and has good biocompatibility. In conclusion, the Pyr-2 of the invention has the potential of becoming an antibacterial drug for resisting gram-negative bacteria infection specifically and has high application value.
BACKGROUND: Renal ischemia-reperfusion (R-I/R) injury is the most prevalent cause of acute kidney injury, with high mortality and poor prognosis. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 ( Ndrg2 ) in R-I/R injury.
METHODS: We examined the expression of Ndrg2 in the kidney under normal physiological conditions and after R-I/R injury by immunofluorescence staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. We then detected R-I/R injury in Ndrg2-deficient ( Ndrg2-/- ) mice and wild type ( Ndrg2+/+ ) littermates in vivo , and detected oxygen and glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD-R) injury in HK-2 cells. We further conducted transcriptomic sequencing to investigate the role of Ndrg2 in R-I/R injury and detected levels of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage by dihydroethidium staining, biochemical assays, and western blot. Finally, we measured the levels of mitophagy in Ndrg2+/+ and Ndrg2-/- mice after R-I/R injury or HK-2 cells in OGD-R injury.
RESULTS: Ndrg2 was primarily expressed in renal proximal tubules and its expression was significantly decreased 24 h after R-I/R injury. Ndrg2-/- mice exhibited significantly attenuated R-I/R injury compared to Ndrg2+/+ mice. Transcriptomics profiling showed that Ndrg2 deficiency induced perturbations of multiple signaling pathways, downregulated inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and increased autophagy following R-I/R injury. Further studies revealed that Ndrg2 deficiency reduced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Notably, Ndrg2 deficiency significantly activated phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome ten-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. The downregulation of NDRG2 expression significantly increased cell viability after OGD-R injury, increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1, decreased the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4, and increased the expression of the PINK1/Parkin pathway.
CONCLUSION: Ndrg2 deficiency might become a therapy target for R-I/R injury by decreasing oxidative stress, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a further improved vesicle preparation and method for preparation therefor.  <P>SOLUTION: Knockout of the meningococcal mltA homolog gives bacteria that spontaneously release vesicles that are rich in immunogenic outer membrane proteins and that can elicit cross-protective antibody responses with higher bactericidal titers than OMVs prepared by normal production processes. Thus, a bacterium having a knockout mutation of its mltA gene is provided. A bacterium is also provided, wherein the bacterium: (i) has a cell wall that includes peptidoglycan; and (ii) does not express a protein having the lytic transglycosylase activity of MltA protein. Compositions comprising vesicles are also provided that, during culture of bacteria, vesicles are released into the culture medium.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
The main objective of the research project is to fundamentally investigate spatial and binaural hearing in a group of children with a normal hearing ear (NH) and a cochlear implant (CI) longitudinally in order to understand the relationship between sensory experience and auditory cortex plasticity. This relationship is most striking during infancy when changes in sensory input can have profound effects on the functional organization of the developing cortex. Recent studies in the auditory system have revealed the remarkably adaptive nature of sensory processing and provided important insights into the way in which cortical circuits are shaped by experience and learning. The binaural system processes and integrates differences in phase (low frequencies) or intensity (high frequencies) between sounds arriving at the left and right ear and this process goes on from birth up to adulthood. It is expected that cochlear implantation will promote normal or near-normal spatial-hearing skills in children with UHL and that intervention at 2 years of age yields the best conditions for (near-) normal development of cognition, spoken language, balance, and psychopathology, outcomes which will be monitored annually too.

Fifteen NH-CI children, aged 2 or younger, will receive a cochlear implant. This device has already been provided to over 400.000 bilaterally profoundly deaf persons worldwide and is considered a standard treatment. The novelty of the present studies lies in the treatment of unilaterally deaf children with a cochlear implant. Because of the cost of this device, the Belgian government does not reimburse a CI for children with unilateral hearing impairment, which is why a study is done to demonstrate its effectiveness. The 15 devices are provided by Cochlear. While the sample size may seem small, providing the device (25.000€ a piece) and some follow-up (mapping and/or remediation) are a large investment for Cochlear Ltd. The children will act as their own control (tested with and without CI) when possible. In addition, at the start of the research project the NH-CI children will be age-matched with 15 normal hearing children (NH-NH), and with 15 children with unilateral hearing loss without a CI (NH - x). Care will be taken to control for as many other factors as possible (e.g. other disabilities, parental and socioeconomic characteristics, ..).

It is hypothesized that the children with UHL and a CI (NH-CI) will outperform children without intervention (NH-x) because of access to bilateral input, and that provision at a very young age will result in near-normal binaural processing in the following years and hence better auditory/neuro/cognitive processing and learning in general. After cochlear implantation, the children will be followed up in terms of language development, cognitive development, binaural hearing, and academic achievements.
Participants in the control arm will be advised to continue with the standard of care and advised to contact their direct clinical team or primary care physician should they experience any symptoms of concern (palpitations, dizziness, collapse). They will be contacted by the study team at 6 and 12 months for clinical assessment (symptoms, hospitalisation data, further stroke events, mortality).
The subject invention pertains to a modified MCIR peptide ligand comprising a peptide that is a melanocortin 1 receptor (MCIR) ligand and a functionality or linker, such as a click functionality, for conjugation to a surface or agent. The modified MCIR peptide ligand can be coupled,  e.g. , via a click reaction with a complementary click functionality attached, to a moiety to form an MClR-targeted agent. Drugs, contrast agents, polymers, particles, micelles, surfaces of larger structures, or other moieties can be targeted to the MCIR. The subject invention also pertains to a MCIR peptide ligand-micelle complex comprising a peptide that is a melanocortin 1 receptor ligand connected via a click reaction product to a micelle. The micelle is stable  in vivo  and can target melanoma tumor cells by association of the peptide ligand with the MCIR or the tumor and selectively provide a detectable and/or therapeutic agent (such as an imageable contrast agent and/or anti-cancer agent) selectively to the tumor cell.
OBJECTIVE: Underdiagnosis of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) often leads to infertility. In this study, we aimed to determine the site and histopathologic patterns of FGTB and its correlation with clinical presentation and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) status.
METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 122 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of FGTB at the Department of Pathology, College of Health Sciences (CHS), Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa University (AAU), from January 1, 2013, to August 30, 2022.
RESULTS: Female genital tuberculosis was found in 0.94% of the gynecology specimens examined. The most common presentations were menstrual disturbance, abdominopelvic pain, and infertility. Among patients with FGTB, 4.6% exhibited misleading clinical and radiologic findings, leading to suspicion of malignancy and subsequent aggressive surgical management. The endometrium was the most frequently affected organ, followed by the fallopian tube, ovary, cervix, and vulva. In the majority of tuberculous endometritis cases (53.3%), histopathology revealed early-stage granulomas. Acid-fast bacilli were found in a significant proportion (42.6%) of FGTB tissues with TB histopathology. The ovary had the highest rate of AFB detection, followed by the fallopian tube, endometrium, and cervix.
CONCLUSION: Female genital tuberculosis should be considered in reproductive-age women presenting with menstrual irregularities, abdominopelvic pain, infertility, or an abdominopelvic mass. The endometrium is commonly affected, displaying early granulomas with low AFB positivity.
BACKGROUND: Patients with pre-existing neurologic disorders present a unique set of challenges for shoulder arthroplasty (SA) surgeons due to the presence of concomitant contractures, muscle weakness, and spasticity, which may affect outcomes and complication rates after SA. The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes after SA in patients pre-existing with neurologic disorders, focusing on complication and reoperation rates.
METHODS: This systematic review was performed in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines outlined by Cochrane Collaboration. A search of PubMed, the Medline Library, and EMBASE from inception until September 2023 was conducted to obtain studies reporting on outcomes after SA in patients with neurologic disorders. Study demographics and information on outcomes including patient-reported outcomes and complication rates were collected. The methodological quality of included primary studies was appraised using the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies scoring system.
RESULTS: Twenty articles published between 1997 and 2023 met inclusion criteria. In total, 13,126 patients with neurologic conditions with 7 different neurologic disorders (Parkinson's disease, epilepsy and seizures, cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis, Charcot neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease, and multiple sclerosis) were included. The mean patient age was 64.3 years (range, 33.0-75.8 years), 51.4% of patients were male, and the mean postoperative follow-up time was 5.1 years (range, 1.4-9.9 years). Parkinson's disease was the most reported neurologic disorder (9 studies, 8033 patients), followed by epilepsy (4 studies, 3783 patients), and multiple sclerosis (1 study, 1077 patients). While these patients did experience improvements in outcomes following SA, high complication and revision rates were noted.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with neurologic disorders demonstrate improvements in pain and function after SA but have higher reported complication and revision rates when compared with patients without neurologic conditions. This systematic review offers valuable data for both the surgeon and patient regarding anticipated clinical results and possible complications from SA in patients with neurologic disorders that may aid in shared decision-making when considering SA.
A dry multi-vitamin composition which provides stable aqueous solutions on dissolution in water comprises Vitamin B12, Vitamin C and ingredients which react with water to produce carbon dioxide e.g. a carbonate or bicarbonate of sodium or potassium and a non-toxic acid which is solid below 100 DEG  F. (38 DEG  C.) e.g. citric or tartaric acid (preferred), or maleic, fumaric, erythorbic or gluconic acid.  Other active materials may also be present e.g. Vitamins A and D2, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin-51-phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riacinamide and D-calcium pantothenate.  The invention also comprises aqueous solutions of the above type compositions and similar multivitamin solutions containing carbon dioxide which may be packaged under pressure.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject oral agent easy to take, suitable to infants and the aged through masking offensive taste peculiar to the pharmaceutical as the principal agent thereof such as bitterness or paralysis by formulating a pharmaceutical having offensive taste with silicic anhydride. SOLUTION: This oral agent is obtained by formulating 1 pt.wt. of a pharmaceutical having offensive taste (e.g. donepezil hydrochloride, azelastine hydrochloride, bifemelane hydrochloride, homochlorcyclizine hydrochloride) with pref. 40-70 pts.wt. of silicic anhydride. This agent is used pref. in such a dosage form as liquid, paste, jelly, syrup, elixir or emulsion, and can be administered orally once to three times a day before, after, or between meals, depending on the characteristics of the pharmaceutical. The concentration of the pharmaceutical in this agent in the dosage form of a liquid is 0.2-50 mg/mL, for example, being 1-2 mg/mL or 1-2 mg/g, for donepezil hydrochloride or jell form, respectively.
children admitted to Riley Hospital for Children (RHC) with musculoskeletal infections (osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, or pyomyositis) over a 12-month period will be prospectively enrolled. Eligible subjects will be identified by referral from the infectious diseases and orthopedic services at RHC. Blood samples will be obtained on the day of admission (within 48hrs), and 24 hours after the admission sample for real-time NGS (next-generation sequencing) testing at Karius Laboratory (Redwood City, CA). If a pathogen is identified by NGS, in either of the first two samples, subsequent samples will be sent every 48-72 hours while inpatient, and then collected every 1-2 weeks after hospital discharge, while being treated for MSKI (maximum 3 follow-up samples). If both of the initial inpatient NGS samples are negative, no further samples will be sent for NGS. Pathogen identification by NGS will be compared to standard cultures methods, and quantitative cfDNA (cell-free DNA) will be evaluated over time.
INTRODUCTION: Up to 40% of Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients have a suboptimal response to Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Close to half of such patients show a remarkable improvement when additionally treated with Obeticholic acid (OCA) but have a dose-dependent increase of pruritus. This relative success of OCA, a first-in-class Farnesoid receptor (FXR) agonist, has positioned FXR as an attractive target for drug development. Novel candidates have since emerged, providing hope for this subgroup of patients who lack effective and safe treatments.
AREAS COVERED: We discussed the role of bile acids in PBC pathogenesis and how the FXR agonists provide therapeutic value by affecting bile acid synthesis and transport. Novel FXR agonists undergoing pre-clinical and clinical trials for PBC were enlisted via literature search by including the terms 'FXR agonists,' 'FXR PBC,' 'PBC clinical trials' on PubMed, MEDLINE via Ovid, and Clinicaltrials.gov.
EXPERT OPINION: Novel FXR agonists currently under investigation for PBC improve the disease surrogate markers in early trials. However, as with OCA, pruritus remains a concern with the newer drugs despite targeted chemical modifications to increase FXR specificity. Directing future resources toward studying the molecular mechanisms behind pruritus may lead to better drug design and efficacious yet safer drugs.
Up to 3 sessions of family-involved treatment for patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and a family member: Session 1; psychoeducation; increasing supportive behaviors, enhancing positive activities. Session 2: Improving communication; recovery contracts. Session 3: Review of session1 \& 2 interventions; continue with communication skills.
A nasojejunal tube and fecal management system will be inserted. Intestinal lavage with PEG is initiated and increased to a goal rate of 400cc/hour to a total of 8L of PEG. In the absence of an ileus, lavage should be initiated at 200cc/hr. Tolerance is confirmed if the rectal effluent volume is ≥50% of the lavage volume over the first 6 hours and no emesis has developed. If the consulting surgical service suspects a significant ileus, the lavage is initiated at 100cc/hr. If tolerance is confirmed the lavage rate is increased in a stepwise fashion. Antibiotic regimen will consist of Vancomycin 500mg via nasojejunal every 6 hours and Metronidazole 500 mg IV three times daily for 14 days. PEG will be held for 2 hours after administration of Vancomycin.
PURPOSE:The titled cream that is obtained by adding various pharmaceutically active ingredients and yolk lecithin to nonfat solid protein, fat and lactose in milk, thus exibiting excellent effects on nutrient penetration into skins and on aging prevention. CONSTITUTION:Sodium benzoate is dissolved in milk to prepare the first solution and alum, citric acid and tartaric acid are dissolved in purified water to prepare the second solution. Both solutions are kept at 60 deg.C and the second solution is added to the first solution and they are stirred. When precipitates are formed during the agitation, heating is stopped and the mixture is stood for a while. The supernatant is removed, the precipitate is squeezed and water is evaporated. Then, sodium benzoate and sodium dehydroacetate are added to the precipitate, further yolk lecithin, glycerol, ethanol and purified water are added to give an appropriate level of viscosity, further a p-hydroxybenzoate ester is added to give the objective foundation cream.