anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) of ischemic type, either sporadic or genetic, as cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), can impact the quality of daily life on various cognitive, motor, emotional, or behavioral aspects. No instrument has been developed to measure these outcomes from the patient's perspective. We thus aimed to develop and validate a patient-reported questionnaire.
METHODS: In a development study, 79 items were generated by consensus between patients, family representatives, and cSVD experts. A first sample of patients allowed assessing the feasibility (missing data, floor and ceiling effect, and acceptability), internal consistency, and dimensionality of a first set of items. Thereafter, in a validation study, we tested a reduced version of the item set in a larger sample to assess the feasibility, internal consistency, dimensionality, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and sensitivity to change.
RESULTS: The scale was developed in 44 patients with cSVD and validated in a second sample of 89 individuals (including 43 patients with CADASIL and 46 with another cSVD). The final CADASIL Patient-Reported Outcome scale comprised 18 items covering 4 categories of consequences (depression/anxiety, attention/executive functions, motor, and daily activities) of the disease. The proportion of missing data was low, and no item displayed a major floor or ceiling effect. Both the internal consistency and test-retest reliability were good (Cronbach alpha=0.95, intraclass correlation coefficient=0.88). In patients with CADASIL, CADASIL Patient-Reported Outcome scores correlated with the modified Rankin Scale, Starkstein Apathy Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, Working Memory Index, and trail making test times. In patients with other cSVDs, CADASIL Patient-Reported Outcome correlated only with Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and Starkstein Apathy Scale.
CONCLUSIONS: The CADASIL Patient-Reported Outcome may be an innovative instrument for measuring patient-reported outcomes in future cSVD trials. Full validation was obtained for its use in patients with CADASIL, but further improvement is needed for its application in other cSVDs.
Patients that are not surgical candidates. Participants are given oral bosutinib, 400 mg daily in 28 day cycles until disease progression, intolerability or withdrawal of consent.
Twelve males hemizygous for wildtype G6PD, 12 females homozygous for wildtype G6PD, and 12 females heterozygous for G6PD deficiency will be randomized to arm 1A. Participants in arm 1A will receive primaquine for 14 days at 0.5 mg/Kg. Drug administration will be directly observed.
Initially a prophylaxis will be done on the tooth to be treated with Robinson brush and prophylactic paste and then the relative isolation (with mouth openers and cotton rollers) and protection of the soft tissues with vaseline in the region to be treated to protect the surrounding tissues will be carried out. Then the tooth is dried for 30 seconds with an air jet and applied one drop of the Diamino 30% Silver Fluoride with a disposable applicator brush for 3 minutes and one drop of potassium iodide solution immediately on the surface treated with Diamino , until the formed creamy white color becomes transparent. After these steps have been completed, rinse with water for 1 minute.
Pain and opioid use disorder (OUD) are inextricably linked, as the former can be a risk factor for the development of the latter, and over a third of persons with OUD suffer concomitant chronic pain. Assessing pain among people with OUD is challenging, because ongoing opioid use brings changes in pain responses and most pain assessment tools have not been validated for this population. In this narrative review, we discuss the fundamentals of pain assessment for populations with OUD. First, we describe the biological, psychological and social aspects of the pain experience among people with OUD, as well as how opioid-related phenomena may contribute to the pain experience in this population. We then review methods to assess pain, including (1) traditional self-reported methods, such visual analogue scales and structured questionnaires; (2) behavioural observations and physiological indicators; (3) and laboratory-based approaches, such as quantitative sensory testing. These methods are considered from a perspective that encompasses both pain and OUD. Finally, we discuss strategies for improving pain assessment in persons with OUD and implications for future research, including educational strategies for multidisciplinary teams. We highlight the substantial gaps that persist in this literature, particularly regarding the applicability of current pain assessment methods to persons with OUD, as well as the generalizability of the existing results from adjacent populations on chronic opioid therapy but without OUD. As research linking pain and OUD evolves, considering the needs of diverse populations with complex psychosocial backgrounds, clinicians will be better equipped to reduce these gaps.
OBJECTIVE: Olfactory dysfunction indicates a higher risk of developing dementia. However, the potential structural and functional changes are still largely unknown.
METHODS: A total of 236 participants were enrolled, including 45 Alzheimer's disease (AD) individuals and 191dementia-free individuals. Detailed study methods, comprising neuropsychological assessment and olfactory identification test (University of Pennsylvania smell identification test, UPSIT), as well as structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were applied in this research. The dementia-free individuals were divided into two sub-groups based on olfactory score: dementia-free with olfactory dysfunction (DF-OD) sub-group and dementia-free without olfactory dysfunction (DF-NOD) sub-group. The results were analyzed for subsequent intergroup comparisons and correlations. The cognitive assessment was conducted again three years later.
RESULTS: (i) At dementia-free stage, there was a positive correlation between olfactory score and cognitive function. (ii) In dementia-free group, the volume of crucial brain structures involved in olfactory recognition and processing (such as amygdala, entorhinal cortex and basal forebrain volumes) are positively associated with olfactory score. (iii) Compared to the DF-NOD group, the DF-OD group showed a significant reduction in olfactory network (ON) function. (iv) Compared to DF-NOD group, there were significant functional connectivity (FC) decline between PCun_L(R)_4_1 in the precuneus of posterior default mode network (pDMN) and the salience network (SN) in DF-OD group, and the FC values decreased with falling olfactory scores. Moreover, in DF-OD group, the noteworthy reduction in FC were observed between PCun_L(R)_4_1 and amygdala, which was a crucial component of ON. (v) The AD conversion rate of DF-OD was 29.41%, while the DF-NOD group was 12.50%. The structural and functional changes in the precuneus were also observed in AD and were more severe.
CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the olfactory circuit, the precuneus is a critical structure in the odor identification process, whose abnormal function underlies the olfactory identification impairment of dementia-free individuals.
PCT No. PCT/EP93/03152 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 19, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 19, 1994 PCT Filed Nov. 10, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO94/21593 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 29, 1994Solid esterquats with improved dispersibility in water are obtained by quaternizing fatty acid triethanolamine esters with alkylating agents in known manner in the presence of a) dispersants selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols, fatty acid monoglycerides and dialkyl ethers and optionally b) emulsifiers selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid monoglyceride polyglycol ethers, fatty acid oligoglyceride polyglycol ethers, polysorbates and alkyl oligoglucosides. The products are suitable, for example, for the production of hair-care preparations.
This invention relates to agents or compounds capable of interfering with the binding of protein tyrosine phosphatase PEST to protein domains of signalling molecules involved in cell migration, focal adhesion and/or cell proliferation, namely p130cas and paxillin. The agents can be derived from the minimal sequences found in binding studies. PTP-PEST is a conserved phosphatase essential for embryo development. Knock-out cells (PTP-PEST -/-) have been perpetuated from null embryos and they show defects in cell migration, focal adhesion and cell proliferation. Therefore, any agent capable of interfering with the activity of PEST in a diseased target tissue, is considered to be a potential therapeutic agent to treat any disease having any of the following etiological components: cell proliferation, cancer, metastasis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. This invention further relates to a method for finding genuine substrates for enzymes, namely phosphatases, combining gene targetting knock-out technique and substrate-trapping technique with the aid of a substrate binding inactive mutant enzyme. By using a gene targetting knock-out technique, there are less artefacts than by using other techniques (using vanadate compounds, for example) wherein an artificial non-specific increase of the level of hyperphosphorylation occurs.
Medical software tools platform utilizes a surgical display to provide access to specific medical software tools, such as medically-oriented applications or tools, that can assist those in the operating room, such as a surgeon or surgical team, with a surgery. In particular, an optical sensor located within an endoscopic camera may register subtle differences in color characteristics reflected from a tissue surface and in turn transmit the information to a medical image processing system. Moreover, the new tools are intended to help surgeons better determine the boundaries between healthy and diseased regions during surgical procedures. Various tools are intended to be used in procedures where indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent dye is used. Intraoperative fluorescence imaging is commonly used during minimally invasive procedures to enable surgeons to visualize tissue perfusion and anatomical structures. The term perfusion refers to the passage of blood and tissue fluid through the capillary bed. Intraoperative fluorescence imaging can also be used to improve visualization of vessels and structures, which, in turn, may reduce the risk of complications during minimally invasive surgeries.
The invention discloses a medicine for burns and scalds. The medicine is prepared from, by weight, 30% to 33% of lime, 0.5% to 1% of frozen plum fruit pieces and 60% to 66% of normal-temperature water. The medicine can be directly applied to or hydropathically compress or soak the wound surfaces of the burns and scalds, and the medicine is applied once every two hours till healing. The medicine has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, discharging fire, being specially used for treating the burns, the scalds, relieving swelling and pain, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, relieving swelling and pain, absorbing moisture, restraining the wound surfaces, moistening the skin and resisting infection. The medicine is used for treating the burns and scalds, and can achieve the excellent treatment effect. If a patient can persist in treatment and the medicine is continuously used for one week, the aim of healing can be completely achieved, no scar is left, and no sequela is left.
OBJECTIVES: Acute post-thyroidectomy bilateral vocal cord paresis or paralysis (BVCP) is often managed with observation, botulinum toxin injection or tracheostomy. However, only a few cases discuss obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the context of BVCP with limited exploration of home sleep test (HST) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as post-operative assessment and management tools. This study suggests CPAP as a less invasive approach while awaiting vocal cord recovery.
METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 2 female patients who presented with dyspnea and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) symptoms post-thyroidectomy. Both patients underwent laryngoscopy and HSTs, followed by CPAP prescription.
RESULTS: Case 1 (body mass index [BMI]: 32.6 kg/m2) and Case 2 (BMI: 20.1 kg/m2), aged 66 and 77 respectively, presented with post-surgery dyspnea and SDB symptoms. Laryngoscopy revealed left vocal cord paresis and right vocal cord paralysis in both cases. Although tracheostomy could provide definitive treatment, both cases were deferred for non-invasive options, which led to HST, confirming moderate OSA (PAT-derived apnea-hypopnea index (pAHI): 18/hour and 27.1/hour) leading to CPAP recommendation. In Case 2, 5 weeks of CPAP use resulted in dramatic improvements in her sleep quality, with continued benefits at 3-month follow-up.
CONCLUSION: These cases underscore the value of considering sleep studies and CPAP as adjunctive tools in acute post-thyroidectomy BVCP management while awaiting vocal motion recovery. This report also further supports that BVCP sufficiently narrows the glottic airway, predisposing patients to OSA.
Breast cancer patients undergoing SLN biopsy (n=0-20) or axillary lymph node dissection (n=0-15) will be enrolled to undergo standard of care axillary reverse mapping (ARM) using isosulfan blue dye. Participants will also receive ICG injection with visualization through the OnLume Imaging System to allow comparison of blue dye versus ICG lymphatic identification.
F(ab') 2  or Fab fragments of antibodies to: (a) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), hCG alpha subunit, hCG beta subunit, or an hCG-like material; or (b) other tumor specific or tumor associated molecules, to include carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), human melanoma associated antigens, human sarcoma associated antigens or other antigens, are radiolabeled with technetium-99m (Tc-99m). When the F(ab') 2  or Fab fragments of antibody to such tumor associated antigens are injected intravenously into a patient, the radiolabeled composition accumulates at tumor sites. The accumulation of the cancer seeking radiopharmaceutical at tumor sites permits detection by external gamma scintigraphy. Thus, the composition is useful in the monitoring, localization and detection of cancer in the body. 
     In an alternative composition, a double antibody approach to tumor localization using radiolabeled F(ab') 2  or Fab fragments is utilized. In this approach, a tumor specific antibody in the form of IgG, F(ab') 2  or Fab is first administered to a patient intravenously. Following a sufficient period of time, a second antibody in the form of F(ab') 2  or Fab is administered. The second antibody is radiolabeled with Tc-99m and has the property that it is reactive with the first antibody. This double antibody method has the advantage over a single antibody approach in that smaller tumors can be localized and detected and that the total amount of radioactive trace localized at the cancer site is increased.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease characterized by monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells (1). Plasma cells proliferate in the bone marrow and cause extensive damage to the skeletal system, often with osteolytic lesions, osteopenia, and/or pathological fractures. Anemia is a malignant disease characterized by the presence of monoclonal protein in serum and urine, hypercalcemia, and renal failure (1).

Multiple Myeloma is a disease of advanced age. The mean age at diagnosis of the patients is 66. It constitutes 1% of all malignancies and 10% of hematological malignancies (2). Although its etiology is not known exactly, it is thought that obesity, smoking, diet, radiation, immune system and environmental factors may be responsible (3).

Plasma cells develop from B lymphocytes (4). Bone marrow microenvironment is important in the development of Multiple Myeloma. Advanced stage memory B cell/plasmablast, which has provided the isotypic change of Immune globulin (Ig) in the germinal center, is the premyeloma cell in which the oncogenic effect begins. It then settles in the bone marrow a second oncogenic effect occurs in the cell (5). Multiple Myeloma is a disease with a wide clinical spectrum. Symptoms and signs related to anemia, radicular back and low back pain due to pathological vertebral fractures, bone pain due to osteolytic lesions, pathological fractures, peripheral polyneuropathy, renal failure, hypercalcemia, hyperviscosity syndrome, thrombosis and bleeding tendency, infection can be seen in patients (6). It is evaluated whether the patient is a candidate for autologous stem cell transplantation (OKHN) in the treatment of Multiple Myeloma. In young patients with MM, high-dose chemotherapy and OKHN are applied as standard treatment. OKHN increases cure rates, prolongs progression-free and overall survival (7). The application of a triple combination containing bortezomib is used as a standard in induction therapy in international myeloma centers (7,8). Depending on their physical condition and specific complications, patients who are not suitable for stem cell transplantation are treated differently.treatment options are available. Treatment options including bortezomib in patients with renal insufficiency and lenalidomide in patients with neuropathy can be given (9). There is usually no cure in Multiple Myeloma, the majority of patients receive second-line and other-line treatments.
BACKGROUND: Adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy improves relapse free survival in stage III melanoma, but also leads to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Older patients are of particular interest due to comorbidities and frailty, which may impact their ability to tolerate irAEs and benefit from anti-PD-1 therapy. This study aimed to explore associations between clinical parameters and the occurrence of grade ≥ 3 irAEs and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in older patients with radically resected stage III/IV cutaneous melanoma treated with adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy.
METHODS: Patients aged ≥ 65 with resected stage III/IV cutaneous melanoma treated with adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy between 2018 and 2022 were selected using real-world data from the nationwide Dutch Melanoma Treatment Registry (DMTR). A univariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to compare determinants of grade ≥ 3 irAEs, and univariate and multivariable Cox-proportional hazard models were fitted to identify factors influencing RFS.
RESULTS: The study included 885 patients, with 280 aged 75 and older. The incidence of grade ≥ 3 irAEs was 15.5 % in the 65-74 age group and 13.9 % in the ≥ 75 age group. No significant correlation was found between age and grade ≥ 3 irAEs. However, an increasing number of comorbidities was associated with a higher risk of grade ≥ 3 irAEs (multivariable analyses: OR 1.83, 95 % C.I. 0.99-3.40). The 1-year RFS rate of 80.0 % of this study was comparable to those reported in previous registration trials and real-world data. Having ≥ 3 comorbidities was significantly associated with a decrease in RFS (HR: 1.68, 95 % C.I. 1.15-2.44).
CONCLUSION: Older patients had similar benefit of adjuvant immunotherapy compared to older subgroups in previous trials. However, patients with multiple comorbidities were at increased risk of grade ≥ 3 irAEs and had a lower RFS. This should be considered when deciding upon adjuvant treatment.
REAL media is an interactive, self-paced, e-learning media literacy curriculum that prevents adolescent substance use among 13-15-year-old teens. The program consists of 5 levels. Levels 1 to 4 are 15-25 minutes; level 5 allots time for message production done offline. Activities lead students to engage in critique and analysis of arguments present/absent from pro-ATOD and other popular product messages and to begin the process of refuting and counter-arguing these messages. These skills are reinforced in level 5 using an active involvement strategy in which youth plan and produce anti-ATOD messages. Users first plan their message via an online worksheet, which requires engagement with and application of media literacy concepts rather than focus exclusively on technology and/or production features. Next, participants design their posters/videos and upload their messages to a social media site as part of a contest, where they recruit peers and family to like or comment on their message.
Brain stimulation with mindfulness-based relapse prevention. Treatment sessions will be 2 hours for 8 sessions, with the first 30 minutes consisting of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with the current set to 2.0 milliamps (mA) and guided meditation practice.
The motivation to eat is suppressed by satiety and aversive stimuli such as nausea. The neural circuit mechanisms of appetite suppression by nausea are not well understood. Pkcδ neurons in the lateral subdivision of the central amygdala (CeA) suppress feeding in response to satiety signals and nausea. Here, we characterized neurons enriched in the medial subdivision (CeM) of the CeA marked by expression of Dlk1. CeADlk1 neurons are activated by nausea, but not satiety, and specifically suppress feeding induced by nausea. Artificial activation of CeADlk1 neurons suppresses drinking and social interactions, suggesting a broader function in attenuating motivational behavior. CeADlk1 neurons form projections to many brain regions and exert their anorexigenic activity by inhibition of neurons of the parabrachial nucleus. CeADlk1 neurons are inhibited by appetitive CeA neurons, but also receive long-range monosynaptic inputs from multiple brain regions. Our results illustrate a CeA circuit that regulates nausea-induced feeding suppression.
Controlled and uncontrolled domestic studies suggest that concomitant use of diltiazem and beta-blockers is usually well tolerated. Available data are not sufficient, however, to predict the effects of concomitant treatment, particularly in patients with left ventricular dysfunction or cardiac conduction abnormalities.

Administration of diltiazem concomitantly with propranolol in five normal volunteers resulted in increased propranolol levels in all subjects, and bioavailability of propranolol was increased approximately 50%. In vitro, propranolol appears to be displaced from its binding sites by diltiazem. If combination therapy is initiated or withdrawn in conjunction with propranolol, an adjustment in the propranolol dose may be warranted. (See WARNINGS.)