anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Chilaiditi's sign is an incidental radiographic finding, associated with intestinal disposition located between liver and right diaphragm. It is considered as an acquired rather than a congenital condition and the prevalence ranges from 1.18% to 2.4% according to recent adult retrospective studies. The aspects of this rare entity with regards to a 7-month-old male initially misdiagnosed as diaphragmatic hernia is discussed.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 4-month-old Caucasian male was misdiagnosed with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia owing to previous hospitalization with complaints of respiratory tract infection. On admission 3 months later, he was free of any signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction or respiratory distress. Thorax computed tomography revealed Chilaiditi's sign. A diagnostic laparoscopy was regarded necessary to evaluate the anatomical details. The most prominent finding was the lack of muscle fibers and almost transparent appearance of the medial aspect of the partially eventrated right hemidiaphragm. Owing to delicate anatomical presentation, diaphragmatic plication was considered hazardous. The patient is doing well and under follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: It is obvious that Chilaiditi's sign is not always a completely incidental finding of no consequence, and may indicate an underlying congenital diaphragmatic pathology, clearly defined by laparoscopic evaluation in this case.
Sepsis associated Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome characterized by suddenly decreased in renal function and urinary volume. This study was designed to investigate the role of Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and P53 in the development of sepsis-induced AKI and their potential regulatory mechanisms. Firstly, transcriptome sequencing analysis of mice kidney showed AQP1 expression was reduced and P53 expression was elevated in Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced AKI compared with controls. Bioinformatics confirmed that AQP1 expression was remarkably decreased and P53 expression was obviously elevated in renal tissues or peripheral blood of septic AKI patients. Moreover, we found in vivo experiments that AQP1 mRNA levels were dramatically decreased and P53 mRNA significantly increased following the increased expression of inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, NGAL and KIM-1 at various periods in septic AKI. Meanwhile, AQP1 and P53 protein levels increased significantly first and then decreased gradually in kidney tissue and serum of rats in different stages of septic AKI. Most importantly, in vivo and vitro experiments demonstrated that silencing of AQP1 greatly exacerbates renal or cellular injury by up-regulating P53 expression promoting inflammatory response, apoptosis and fibrosis. Overexpression of AQP1 prevented the elevation of inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis by down-regulating P53 expression in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI or HK-2 cells. Therefore, our results suggested that AQP1 plays a protective role in modulating AKI and can attenuate inflammatory response, apoptosis and fibrosis via downregulating P53 in septic AKI or LPS-induced HK-2cells. The pharmacological targeting of AQP1 mediated P53 expression might be identified as potential targets for the early treatment of septic AKI.
Sedation for gastroscopy is still a topic of debate in the global anesthesia and gastroenterology communities, and the sedation protocols of anesthesiologists and endoscopists vary widely. There are many different types of intravenous anesthetic drugs used in gastroscopy, but each type of drug has its advantages and disadvantages, and the most common protocol in anesthesia practice is an opioid (e.g., fentanyl) combined with a sedative-hypnotic drug (e.g., propofol and midazolam). But these protocols usually have limitations with propofol mainly focusing on respiratory depression and circulatory depression, in which perioperative hypotension should be considered a serious public health problem and should be taken seriously by clinicians, while midazolam has a long onset of action and a long recovery time. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need for a fast-onset, fast-recovery drug with a high safety profile to solve this current dilemma.

As a new ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine with rapid onset and recovery, low circulatory depression, and rapid reversal of sedation by flumazenil, remimazolam may be another relatively ideal sedative-hypnotic option for anesthesiologists and gastrointestinal endoscopists. The drug was approved for procedural sedation in 2020, and there are many studies on the use of remimazolam versus propofol in gastrointestinal endoscopy sedation. A non-inferiority clinical study of remimazolam tosilate in the upper gastrointestinal tract showed that remimazolam had a sedation success rate no lower than that of propofol, a longer onset of sedation than propofol, but a shorter time to full consciousness than propofol, and a significantly lower incidence of adverse events than propofol. These findings suggest that remimazolam is indeed safer than propofol, but its depth of sedation may be inferior to that of propofol. For clinical workers, it is also essential to have good depth of sedation while ensuring safety. Therefore, considering the above, we hypothesized that the use of remimazolam in combination with propofol in gastrointestinal endoscopy could meet clinical sedation needs and also reduce the incidence of respiratory depression and circulatory depression, which have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine whether remimazolam combined with propofol is safer and more effective than remimazolam alone or propofol alone in gastrointestinal endoscopy.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an external preparation for treating acne, not having hormone-like adverse effect, mild to skin and excellent in acne-treating effect by using a specific compound capable of readily synthesizing as an active ingredient. SOLUTION: This external preparation for treating acne is obtained by using tranexamic acid methyl amide and/or its salt as an active ingredient. In the external preparation, a blend amount of the active ingredient is preferably 0.001-20wt.%, especially preferably 0.01-7wt.%. The tranexamic acid methyl amide or its salt is obtained by protecting amino group of tranexamic acid with a proper protecting group, e.g. benzyloxycarbonyl group, etc., and then, reacting the protected substance or a reactive derivative of the protected substance with methylamine gas, liquefied methylamine, etc., to afford methyl amide of the protected substance and then, eliminating the protective group. For example, N-methyl-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-carbonamide is exemplified as the active ingredient.
Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare and aggressive endocrine malignancy with limited treatment options. Current treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have demonstrated limited efficacy. Here, we report the case of a male patient who presented with symptoms including polydipsia, polyuria, and joint pain. Further examination revealed a neck lump, hypercalcemia, and hyperparathyroidism, leading to a diagnosis of PC after en bloc surgery. Seven months later, the patient developed local recurrence and lung metastases, which were resected via left lateral neck dissection and thoracoscopic wedge resection. A 422-gene panel test revealed the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) p.L858R (c. T2573G) mutation, which may sensitize the EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor response, and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) p.E545KV (c. G1633A) mutation. After multidisciplinary treatment discussions, the patient was treated with the multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, anlotinib, resulting in survival benefits for 19 months. This case highlights the potential of targeted therapy in terms of long-term survival in patients with distant metastatic PC, as well as the importance of precision therapy guided by genome sequencing to identify potential therapeutic targets.
PURPOSE: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the frequent healthcare associated infections linked with significant morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and death. SSI can be reduced by implementation of customized care bundle components as per standard guidelines. Hence this study was undertaken with the objective to implement care bundle in patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgeries and assess their impact on SSI rate.
METHODS: The study was an interventional study conducted in the department of surgical gastroenterology for 8 months. Sample size was calculated to be 196 and only elective surgeries are included. CDC NHSN 2023 guidelines are used for surveillance of SSI and global guidelines for prevention of SSI was used for preparation of list of pre-operative, intraoperative and post-operative care bundle components and were implemented before the start of the study.
RESULTS: Overall SSI rate and compliance to SSI care bundle in this study are 13.8% and 28.6%, respectively. When compared with the baseline SSI rate of 19.4%, there is reduction of 28.9% in SSI rate after the implementation of care bundle. Escherichia coli (54.2%) is the most commonly isolated organism. Care bundle non-compliant surgeries are associated with 2.3 times (relative risk-2.3) increased risk of SSI. There is fluctuating trend in compliance of care bundle and SSI rates across months.
CONCLUSION: This study shows the importance of implementation of set of care bundle for prevention of SSI which can be customized and adapted for reducing SSI.
PURPOSE:To provide an antitumor agent containing SAIKO saponin as an active component, having extremely low toxicity, free from hemolytic action and having antitumor action and carcinostatic action. CONSTITUTION:SAIKO saponin existing in SAIKO (a Chinese herb drug) such as MISHIMA-SAIKO (Bupleurum falcatum L.) or HOTARU-SAIKO (Bupleurum longiradiatum T.) is used as an active component of the titled antitumor agent. SAIKO saponin can be produced by the extractive separation and purification of SAIKO or hydrolyzing the saponin with an acid, alkali or enzyme. The above saponin component has low toxicity and exhibits antitumor activity. It is effective against almost all tumors such as hepatic carcinoma, dermatic carcinoma, uterine carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, sarcoma, etc. Dose: about 50-500mg of saponin component daily by oral administration.
It consists of an exercise method that combines strength and endurance. It has a duration of 6 weeks divided into three stages, adaptation, development and maintenance. That for the intervention group and for the control group will only be performing aerobic physical exercise according to their physical tolerance.
OBJECTIVE: Fatigue has been identified as the core symptom of long-Covid, however, putative pandemic-related influences remain largely unclear. We investigated trajectories of total, physical and mental fatigue and the factors associated with it in previously infected and non-infected individuals up to one year post- infection.
METHODS: We used data from a longitudinal cohort study of German adults with two samples: A representative probability sample and a sample of individuals with proven SARS-CoV-2 infection. Surveys were conducted in spring 2020(T1), autumn 2020(T2) and summer 2021(T3). Fatigue was assessed using the FAS, distinguishes between physical and mental fatigue. Depression, anxiety and stress were assessed using PHQ-4 and PSQ.
RESULTS: 1990 participants [mean age 47.2 (SD = 17.0), 30.5% previously infected] were included in the survey at T1 (n = 1118 at T2, n = 692 at T3). Total and physical fatigue, but not mental fatigue were significantly higher in the previously infected compared to the non-infected sample at T2, but this group difference disappeared at T3. We identified Covid-infection as a factor associated with transient total and physical fatigue at T2. Depression, anxiety and stress at T1 were associated with total, physical and mental fatigue at both follow-ups.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the importance of considering physical and mental fatigue as separate entities, while suggesting a greater relevance of the physical signs of fatigue in understanding long-Covid. The results further showed that baseline mental health symptoms were the most strongly associated with fatigue trajectories.
The present invention relates to medicinal powder for treating hemorrhoids, which belongs to the field of Chinese patent medicines. The medicinal powder for treating hemorrhoids uses 18 to 23 wt% of scolopendra and 77 to 82 wt% of chicken's large intestine as raw materials. The medicinal powder for treating hemorrhoids is prepared by that the scolopendra is put into the washed chicken's large intestine, and the scolopendra and the chicken's large intestine are fried in sesame oil by slow fire and ground into powder. The medicinal powder for treating hemorrhoids is taken after being mixed with hot liquor, once a day, 3 to 6 grams each time, and 7 days form a treatment course. The total effective rate is 95%. Proved in clinic, the medicine has the advantages of safety and light side effect and safety.
Nasal BP-NCPAP will be delivered using the Infant Flow® SiPAP™ and either nasal prongs or mask interface. A blood gas (arterial if an arterial line exists, or a capillary sample) will be drawn at the time of NCPAP failure (time 0) unless one was done within 1 hour preceding the randomization. The blood gas will then be repeated at 1 hour and recorded along with transcutaneous carbon dioxide (TcCO2) monitor data (if available). Initial settings of BP-NCPAP will be a lower level PEEP of 5 cm water (H2O) and a higher level PEEP of 8 cm H2O at a cycle rate of 20 per minute with 1 second at the higher PEEP per cycle. The settings can then be adjusted and titrated up to a maximum of 7 and 10 cm H2O for the lower and higher PEEPs respectively at a maximum rate of 30 cycles per second based on fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) requirements.
Method for stabilization of a microorganism cells lytic enzyme by admixing with at least one of stabilizers selected from carboxymethyl cellulose or its sodium salt, glycerin and monoethanolamine, and stable compositions containing the enzyme and the stabilizer said microorganism cells lytic enzyme obtained by cultivation of a microorganism of the genus Streptomyces, e.g., S-1 strain (Streptomyces diastatochromogenes ATCC No. 21481), H-191 strain (Streptomyces farinosus ATCC No. 21842), H-402 strain (Streptomyces griseus var. H-402 ATCC No. 21843) and B-1829 strain (Streptomyces globisporus ATCC No. 21553).
Patients with myocardial infarction (MI): This group will be enrolled on the day of their MI and will only be exposed to room light. They will have blood drawn on the day of enrollment and then at 2 weeks after the MI.
Patients will undergo reverse hybrid coronary revascularization. Moreover, quality of life is assessed at baseline, 14 days, 30 days, 90 days, 6 months and 1 year.
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. It is a chronic benign estrogen-dependent disease affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. It significantly affects the quality of life of affected women despite available treatment. The disease is most manifested by symptoms of pain (chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschesia) and sterility. In addition to adenomyosis (internal endometriosis), there are three main types of the disease - ovarian endometriosis (OE), peritoneal endometriosis (PE) and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DE). Although it is a benign disease, it shares certain characteristics with malignant diseases, such as the ability to relapse and grow infiltratively. Endometriosis tends to recur and develop adhesions and fibrotic scarring in the abdominal cavity, which means a higher risk of more severe symptoms and organ damage.

The origin of the disease remains unclear. Although it is believed that ectopic endometrial cells exhibit molecular abnormalities that promote their ability to adhere and growth outside the uterine cavity. Previous studies have identified various proteins that are up-regulated in endometrial-like tissue compared to normal endometrium, such as ACTA2, ALDH1B, FABP4 or MMP9. However, the diagnostic utility of these biomarkers is limited. In addition, there is no established biomarker that is specific to different types of ectopic endometrium or correlates with disease severity. Therefore, the identification and validation of these molecular abnormalities and proteins appears to be a key point in the effort to elucidate the pathway of disease development. This might open new possibilities for predicting disease progression so that monitoring a treatment of the disease might be tailored to the high-risk patients.

The aim of our study is to analyze molecular markers of fibrosis in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in women with endometriosis and compare them with endometrium of women without endometriosis. These markers will be correlated with the clinical state and course of disease before and after treatment. By this analysis we would like to find parameters that may correlate with the severity of the disease, risk of recurrence or postoperative complications.
Exercise leads to clinically meaningful pain reductions in people with chronic low back pain and is recommended as a first line treatment. The benefits of exercise for chronic low back pain decrease over time with a lack of long-term exercise adherence as a potential reason for this decreasing effect. We aimed to identify the barriers and enablers to exercise adherence from the perspective of people with chronic low back pain. This qualitative study was underpinned by a constructivist epistemology and used a critical realist ontological perspective. Adults (18-65 years) with chronic low back pain who had exercised since the onset of their back pain were recruited to participate in focus groups and individual interviews. Audio data were transcribed and then analysed in 2 stages 1) inductive coding using reflexive thematic analysis, followed by 2) deductive analysis through mapping codes onto the Theoretical Domains Framework. Five enablers and 3 barriers were identified across 6 of the 14 Theoretical Domain Framework domains. Exercise identity and confidence in deciding to self-manage pain were enablers, whereas beliefs about the consequences of exercise, exercise context, and relationships could function as either barriers or enablers. These barriers and enablers were complex and fluid, with participants reporting conflicting barriers and enablers that varied, depending on context. These findings improve our understanding of the barriers and enablers to exercise adherence from the individual perspective of people with chronic low back pain and can be utilised for more effective exercise treatment in this population. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents the barriers and enablers to exercise adherence from the perspective of people with chronic low back pain. These perspectives may aid to individualise and optimise exercise treatment, improve its long-term adherence and therefore its effectiveness for chronic low back pain.
Cisplatin is widely employed in clinical oncology as an anticancer chemotherapy drug in clinical practice and is known for its severe ototoxic side effects. Prior research indicates that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a pivotal role in cisplatin's inner ear toxicity. Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside extracted from citrus fruits that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Nonetheless, the specific pharmacological actions of hesperidin in alleviating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity remain elusive. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical mediator of the cellular oxidative stress response, is influenced by hesperidin. Activation of Nrf2 was shown to have a protective effect against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The potential of hesperidin to stimulate Nrf2 in attenuating cisplatin's adverse effects on the inner ear warrants further investigation. This study employs both in vivo and in vitro models of cisplatin ototoxicity to explore this possibility. Our results reveal that hesperidin mitigates cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by activating the Nrf2/NQO1 pathway in sensory hair cells, thereby reducing ROS accumulation, preventing hair cell apoptosis, and alleviating hearing loss.
PURPOSE: The relationship between plaque progression and pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) radiomics has not been comprehensively evaluated. We aim to predict plaque progression with PCAT radiomics features and evaluate their incremental value over quantitative plaque characteristics.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2009 and December 2020, 500 patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease who underwent serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) ≥2 years apart were retrospectively analyzed and randomly stratified into a training and testing data set with a ratio of 7:3. Plaque progression was defined with annual change in plaque burden exceeding the median value in the entire cohort. Quantitative plaque characteristics and PCAT radiomics features were extracted from baseline CCTA. Then we built 3 models including quantitative plaque characteristics (model 1), PCAT radiomics features (model 2), and the combined model (model 3) to compare the prediction performance evaluated by area under the curve.
RESULTS: The quantitative plaque characteristics of the training set showed the values of noncalcified plaque volume (NCPV), fibrous plaque volume, lesion length, and PCAT attenuation were larger in the plaque progression group than in the nonprogression group ( P < 0.05 for all). In multivariable logistic analysis, NCPV and PCAT attenuation were independent predictors of coronary plaque progression. PCAT radiomics exhibited significantly superior prediction over quantitative plaque characteristics both in the training (area under the curve: 0.814 vs 0.615, P < 0.001) and testing (0.736 vs 0.594, P = 0.007) data sets.
CONCLUSIONS: NCPV and PCAT attenuation were independent predictors of coronary plaque progression. PCAT radiomics derived from baseline CCTA achieved significantly better prediction than quantitative plaque characteristics.
BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease for which no disease-modifying therapies exist. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that repeated exposure to intermittent hypoxia might have short- and long-term benefits in PD. In a previous exploratory phase I trial, we demonstrated that in-clinic intermittent hypoxia exposure is safe and feasible with short-term symptomatic effects on PD symptoms. The current study aims to explore the safety, tolerability, feasibility, and net symptomatic effects of a four-week intermittent hypoxia protocol, administered at home, in individuals with PD.
METHODS/DESIGN: This is a two-armed double-blinded randomized controlled trial involving 40 individuals with mild to moderate PD. Participants will receive 45 min of normobaric intermittent hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen 0.16 for 5 min interspersed with 5 min normoxia), 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Co-primary endpoints include nature and total number of adverse events, and a feasibility-tolerability questionnaire. Secondary endpoints include Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part II and III scores, gait tests and biomarkers indicative of hypoxic dose and neuroprotective pathway induction.
DISCUSSION: This trial builds on the previous phase I trial and aims to investigate the safety, tolerability, feasibility, and net symptomatic effects of intermittent hypoxia in individuals with PD. Additionally, the study aims to explore induction of relevant neuroprotective pathways as measured in plasma. The results of this trial could provide further insight into the potential of hypoxia-based therapy as a novel treatment approach for PD.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05948761 (registered June 20th, 2023).