anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Methadone is a mu-agonist opioid with an abuse liability similar to other opioid agonists and is a Schedule II controlled substance. Methadone and other opioids used in analgesia can be abused and are subject to criminal diversion.

Abuse of methadone poses a risk of overdose and death. This risk is increased with concurrent abuse of methadone with alcohol and other substances. In addition, parenteral drug abuse is commonly associated with transmission of infectious diseases such as hepatitis and HIV.

Drug addiction is characterized by compulsive use, use for non-medical purposes, and continued use despite harm or risk of harm. Drug addiction is a treatable disease, utilizing a multi-disciplinary approach, but relapse is common.

“Drug-seeking” behavior is very common in addicts and drug abusers. Drug-seeking tactics include emergency calls or visits near the end of office hours, refusal to undergo appropriate examination, testing or referral, repeated claims of lost prescriptions, tampering with prescriptions and reluctance to provide prior medical records or contact information for other treating physician(s). “Doctor shopping” (visiting multiple prescribers) to obtain additional prescriptions is common among drug abusers and people suffering from untreated addiction. However, it should be important to note that preoccupation with achieving adequate pain relief can be appropriate behavior in a patient with poor pain control. 

  
Physical Dependence and Tolerance

Abuse and addiction are separate and distinct from physical dependence and tolerance. Physicians should be aware that addiction may not be accompanied by concurrent tolerance and symptoms of physical dependence in all addicts. In addition, abuse of opioids can occur in the absence of true addiction and is characterized by misuse for non-medical purposes, often in combination with other psychoactive substances. Methadone, like other opioids, has been diverted for non-medical use. Careful record-keeping of prescribing information, including quantity, frequency, and renewal requests is strongly advised.

Proper assessment of the patient, proper prescribing practices, periodic re-evaluation of therapy, and proper dispensing and storage are appropriate measures that help to limit abuse of opioid drugs.

Infants born to mothers physically dependent on opioids may also be physically dependent and may exhibit respiratory difficulties and withdrawal symptoms (see  PRECAUTIONS;  Pregnancy,  Labor and Delivery).
Neck pain NP (pain in cervical region) has been a major issue these days related to the increased use of smartphones. A posture that has been developed by growing use of technology is a posture called the Text Neck, which has become an epidemic to the world. The text neck is a posture in which a person keeps their head down (forward head posture) to look at their device for long periods of time. There are many medications and techniques used in management of neck pain. Myofascial release has been proved to be efficacious for pain in the neck. This study is unique in that it examines the effect of myofascial therapy along with isometric exercises or scapular stabilization exercises on neck pain, disability, movements and daily life activities.
FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to pharmacy. There are performed 1) provision of defatted cocoa bean pod; (2) extraction of defatted cocoa bean pod with an aqueous solution of acetone containing 30 to 80 percent of acetone, for preparing a substance of liquid cocoa bean pod extract; (3) processing the substance of liquid cocoa bean pod extract for removing suspended solid matters and preparing the substance of processed liquid cocoa bean pod extract; (4) removing acetone from the substance of processed liquid cocoa bean pod extract for preparing a substance of aqueous extract; (5) concentration of the substance of aqueous extract to the solid content 1.5 to 5 percent for preparing a substance of concentrated extract; (6) introduction of the substance of concentrated extract in a gel filtration column containing a gel filtration medium applicable for separating theobromine and polyphenols; (7) watering the gel filtration column to collect a theobromine-enriched composition, and (8) elution of the watered gel filtration column by a polar organic solvent of low molecular weight for collecting a polyphenol-enriched composition where the polyphenol-enriched composition essentially does not contain phytosterols and theobromine. The composition is prepared by the method described above. ^ EFFECT: invention allows implementing specified object matter. ^ 22 cl, 2 ex, 2 dwg
The recommended dose of entacapone is one 200 mg tablet administered concomitantly with each levodopa and carbidopa dose to a maximum of 8 times daily (200 mg x 8 = 1,600 mg per day). Clinical experience with daily doses above 1,600 mg is limited. 

Entacapone tablets should always be administered in association with levodopa and carbidopa. Entacapone has no antiparkinsonian effect of its own. 

In clinical studies, the majority of patients required a decrease in daily levodopa dose if their daily dose of levodopa had been greater than or equal to 800 mg or if patients had moderate or severe dyskinesia before beginning treatment. 

To optimize an individual patient’s response, reductions in daily levodopa dose or extending the interval between doses may be necessary. In clinical studies, the average reduction in daily levodopa dose was about 25% in those patients requiring a levodopa dose reduction. (More than 58% of patients with levodopa doses above 800 mg daily required such a reduction.) 

Entacapone tablets can be combined with both the immediate and sustained-release formulations of levodopa and carbidopa.  
  
Entacapone tablets may be taken with or without food (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). 

Patients With Impaired Hepatic Function: Patients with hepatic impairment should be treated with caution. The AUC and Cmax of entacapone approximately doubled in patients with documented liver disease, compared to controls. However, these studies were conducted with single-dose entacapone without levodopa and dopa decarboxylase inhibitor coadministration, and therefore the effects of liver disease on the kinetics of chronically administered entacapone have not been evaluated (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Pharmacokinetics of Entacapone). 

Withdrawing Patients from Entacapone Tablets: Rapid withdrawal or abrupt reduction in the entacapone tablets dose could lead to emergence of signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Clinical Studies), and may lead to hyperpyrexia and confusion, a symptom complex resembling NMS (see PRECAUTIONS, Other Events Reported With Dopaminergic Therapy). This syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis for any patient who develops a high fever or severe rigidity. If a decision is made to discontinue treatment with entacapone tablets, patients should be monitored closely and other dopaminergic treatments should be adjusted as needed. Although tapering entacapone tablets has not been systematically evaluated, it seems prudent to withdraw patients slowly if the decision to discontinue treatment is made.
We use the TB method with biphasic injection, followed by the saline flush. Initially, we inject the 10 ml of test contrast media with a velocity of 3ml/s and apply the ROI at the bifurcation of PA and descending aorta at the same level. The dynamic curve demonstrates the time to peak enhancement of P second and A second. The first phase of contrast media injection uses a velocity of 2ml/s and the volume of contrast is measured as 2ml/s multiply (A-P) second. The second phase of contrast media injection uses a velocity of 3ml/s and the volume of contrast media is 70ml minus the amount of first phase injection. The total volume of the contrast media is 80ml, including the 10ml for pre-diagnostic test bolus images. We performed the saline flush following the administration of the contrast media with 20 ml normal saline. The start time of the diagnostic scan is at the A second.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the benefits and limitations of four intraoperative visualization of parathyroid gland (IVPG) strategies in the identification and functional protection of parathyroid glands (PGs).
METHODS: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CNKI, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases until 30 June 2023. Four IVPG strategies were composed of the naked eyes (NE) and three imaging strategies: autofluorescence (AF), indocyanine green fluorescence (ICGF), and carbon nanoparticles (CN). We performed a pairwise meta-analysis (PMA) for direct comparisons and a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) for indirect comparisons.
RESULTS: A total of 29 eligible studies were included. According to NMA and PMA, AF had significantly lower rates of postoperative hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism, PG inadvertent resection, and PG auto-transplantation compared to NE, while had significantly higher rate of PG identification. CN showed significantly lower rates of postoperative hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism, and PG inadvertent resection compared to NE in PMA and NMA. ICGF showed a significantly higher rate of PG auto-transplantation compared to NE in PMA and AF in NMA. According to SUCRA values, AF showed the best advantage in reducing the rate of postoperative hypocalcemia (0.85) and PG inadvertent resection (0.89), and increasing the rate of PG identification (0.80). CN had the greatest advantage in reducing the rate of postoperative hypoparathyroidism (0.95). ICGF ranked the highest in the rate of PG auto-transplantation (0.98).
CONCLUSIONS: Three imaging strategies demonstrate significant superiority over NE in the intraoperative PG identification and functional protection. AF is the best strategy in reducing the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia, increasing the rate of PG identification, and reducing the rate of PG inadvertent resection and auto-transplantation. ICGF has great value in assessing PG viability, leading to the trend towards PG auto-transplantation. CN is the best strategy in reducing the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism.
BreEStim is voluntary breathing controlled transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. 120 vs 240 BreEStim electrical stimuli will be compared to examine the impact of different stimuli "dose" on pain reduction in this experiment.
The use of tacrolimus ointment should be avoided on pre-malignant and malignant skin conditions. Some malignant skin conditions, such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), may mimic atopic dermatitis.

The use of tacrolimus ointment is not recommended in patients having skin conditions with a skin barrier defect where there is the potential for increased systemic absorption of tacrolimus, including but not limited to, Netherton's syndrome, lamellar ichthyosis, generalized erythroderma or cutaneous Graft Versus Host Disease. Oral application is also not recommended. Post-marketing cases of increased tacrolimus blood level have been reported in these conditions.

The use of tacrolimus ointment may cause local symptoms such as skin burning (burning sensation, stinging, soreness) or pruritus. Localized symptoms are most common during the first few days of tacrolimus ointment application and typically improve as the lesions of atopic dermatitis resolve. With tacrolimus ointment 0.1%, 90% of the skin burning events had a duration between 2 minutes and 3 hours (median 15 minutes). 90% of the pruritus events had a duration between 3 minutes and 10 hours (median 20 minutes) (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a hair growth composition having prophylactic effects on alopecia and hair growth effects by including a stilbene-based compound abundantly contained in a plant of the family Polygonaceae or Vitaceae or Veratrum album as an essential ingredient. SOLUTION: This hair growth composition is obtained by including one or more kinds selected from a stilbene-based compound represented by the formula (A and B are each a halogen, amino or the like; n and m are each an integer of 0-5), its polymer and plant extracts containing the same. For example, the compound represented by the formula is resveratrol, polydatin or α-viniferin and can be synthesized by the Wittig reaction of the corresponding phosphonium salt with the corresponding aldehyde. A dried material, an extract, etc., prepared by carrying out a treatment such as drying, extraction or purification from a suitable site of a rhizome, a fruit, etc., of the plant containing the compound represented by the formula (e.g. Polygonum multiflorum which is a plant of the family Polygonaceae, Vistis vinifra species of the family Vitaceae or Veratrum album) may be used.  The stilbene-based compound is preferably contained in an amount of 0.0001-5 wt.% in the composition.
Liver disease is a major global health challenge. There is a shortage of liver donors worldwide, and hepatocyte transplantation (HT) may be an effective treatment to overcome this problem. However, the present approaches for generation of hepatocytes are associated with challenges, and interspecies chimera-derived hepatocytes produced by interspecies blastocyst complementation (IBC) may be promising donor hepatocytes because of their more comprehensive hepatic functions. In this study, we isolated mouse hepatocytes from mouse-rat chimeric livers using IBC and found that interspecies chimera-derived hepatocytes exhibited mature hepatic functions in terms of lipid accumulation, glycogen storage, and urea synthesis. Meanwhile, they were more similar to endogenous hepatocytes than hepatocytes derived in vitro. Interspecies chimera-derived hepatocytes could relieve chronic liver fibrosis and reside in the injured liver after transplantation. Our results suggest that interspecies chimera-derived hepatocytes are a potentially reliable source of hepatocytes and can be applied as a therapeutic approach for HT.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disorder which frequently results in renal failure, due to progressive cyst development. The major locus, PKD1, maps to 16p13.3. A chromosome translocation is identified associated with ADPKD which disrupts a gene (PBP), encoding a 14 kb transcript, in the PKD1 candidate region. Further mutations of the PBP gene were found in PKD1 patients confirming that PBP is the PKD1 gene. This gene is located adjacent to the tuberous sclerosis (2) locus in a genomic region that is reiterated more proximally on 16p. The duplicate area encodes three transcripts substantially homologous to the PKD1 transcript. Partial sequence analysis of the PKD1 transcript shows that it encodes a novel protein. Screening of actual or suspected ADPKD patients for normal or mutated PKD1 can be used for diagnostic purposes. PKD1-associated disorders such as ADPKD may be treated or prevented by PKD1 gene therapy and/or administration of functional PKD1 protein to affected cells.
Individual standard breastfeeding education was provided. After the training, they experienced the first breastfeeding simulation in a hospital environment for 5 minutes with virtual reality glasses. A week later (37. during the gestational week), they experienced the second breastfeeding simulation in a home environment for 5 minutes with virtual reality glasses. They completed the Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale (final test). Finally, 1 after giving birth. and 2. they completed the Primiparous Breastfeeding Motivation Scale between months. Opinions were obtained from pregnant women who wanted to express their opinions about the virtual reality glasses breastfeeding simulation experiences.
Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is the executor of pyroptosis, which is important for host defence against pathogen infection. Following activation, caspase-mediated cleavage of GSDMD releases an amino-terminal fragment (GSDMD-NT), which oligomerizes and forms pores in the plasma membrane, leading to cell death and release of proinflammatory cytokines. The spatial and temporal regulation of this process in cells remains unclear. Here we identify GSDMD as a substrate for reversible S-palmitoylation on C192 during pyroptosis. The palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC7 palmitoylates GSDMD to direct its cleavage by caspases. Subsequently, palmitoylation of GSDMD-NT promotes its translocation to the plasma membrane, where APT2 depalmitoylates GSDMD-NT to unmask the C192 residue and promote GSDMD-NT oligomerization. Perturbation of either palmitoylation or depalmitoylation suppresses pyroptosis, leading to increased survival of mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced lethal septic shock and increased sensitivity to bacterial infection. Our findings reveal a model through which a palmitoylation-depalmitoylation relay spatiotemporally controls GSDMD activation during pyroptosis.
The purpose of this study is to develop a way to perform safer surgery in the eye socket. The eye and its surrounding structures are very delicate and can easily be damaged from surgery. A laser may act as a gentle knife to cut the tissue. Currently, this is done with a small scissors and knife, but it could be done with gentle laser. By using an endoscope, the surgery could be much safer and faster. Vanderbilt has a Free Electron Laser, which could be used to make a small hole in the coverings around the optic nerve to treat certain diseases. Before it is used in seeing eyes, the laser must be tested on eyes which are to be removed during an enucleation to prove that it does not damage the optic nerve The standard enucleation (removal of your blind painful eye) will be performed. This procedure will be performed at the Free Electron Laser Center Operating Room, which is a fully equipped operating room currently being used for outpatient surgery. The post-operative recovery room setting is similar to the post-operative recovery room in the previously used area. This includes general anesthesia with a breathing tube in your throat, injecting an anesthetic liquid behind the eye for comfort after surgery, and removing the eyeball. Enucleations must be performed under general anesthesia or intravenous sedation with a retrobulbar injection (injection behind the eye). The anesthesiologist will determine which is safer to perform. The removed globe will be replaced with a spherical implant. Just prior to the removal of the eyeball, a small opening will be made in the coverings around your optic nerve (the cable exiting the eyeball) with the endoscopic laser or with a knife and scissors. The procedure should not take much longer than the standard eye removal. The procedure will be identical to the standard enucleation (eye removal) except for making the tiny hole in the coverings of the optic nerve, which should take about 15 to 30 minutes.

The laser is very tissue specific. It only reacts with certain types of tissue and should not damage the surrounding tissue.

There will be no additional costs to you associated with the study portion of the procedure.
NOX H94 is a pegylated Spiegelmer that specifically binds to human hepcidin, thereby antagonizing its role in hemostasis, and is therefore indicated for use in anemia of inflammation. Human hepcidin has emerged as the central regulatory molecule of systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin expression in hepatocytes is regulated by multiple, in particular opposing signals, including systemic iron availability, hepatic iron stores, erythropoietic activity, hypoxia, and inflammatory states. These different signals are integrated transcriptionally. In chronic inflammation, such as occurs in rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease or cancer, elevated hepcidin levels have been measured and may be a key factor leading to anemia in these patients.

NOX-H94 is therefore indicated for treatment of patients with an anemia of inflammation, which is characterized by increased intracellular iron stores, increased serum ferritin concentrations and reduced sensitivity to treatment with erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs), due to the limited availability of serum iron. Antagonism of hepcidin by NOX-H94 therefore leads to elevated levels of iron and transferrin saturation in the peripheral blood and could supply iron for erythropoiesis thereby correcting the anemia.
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a serious medical condition, which requires immediate attention to establish the cause of the bleeding. Here, we present the development of a miniaturised electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) device for the detection of GIB. The device performs EIS measurements up to 100 kHz. Following the development of an immunosensor for haemoglobin (Hb) on screen printed electrodes, the EIS device was used for detecting Hb as an early indication of bleeding. The sensor was able to detect Hb in a redox solution in a linear range between 5 μg mL-1 and 60 μg mL-1, with a limit of detection of 13.3 μg mL-1. It was also possible to detect Hb in simulated intestinal fluid, without the need for a redox solution, within a range of 10 μg mL-1 to 10 mg mL-1 with a limit of detection of 2.31 mg mL-1. The miniature EIS device developed in this work is inexpensive, with an estimated cost per unit of £30, and has shown a comparable performance to existing commercial tools, demonstrating its potential to be used in the future as an ingestible sensor to detect GIB. All these measurements were carried out in a purpose built flow cell with supporting hardware electronics outside the cell. Integration of the hardware and the sensing electrodes was demonstrated in pill form. This pill after integration sampling fluidics has potential to be used in detecting gastrointestinal bleeding.
PURPOSE: An antibacterial composition containing a plant extract is provided to ensure the prevention and treatment of streptobacteria injection and to ensure antioxidative and antibacterial functions. CONSTITUTION: An antibacterial composition for preventing bacterial pathogen in fishes contains a Phtheirospermum japonicum extract. The Phtheirospermum japonicum is collected from Jeju island. The antibacterial composition has an antibacterial effect against Streptococcus parauberis and Streptococcus iniae. The composition is administered to fishes. The extract is prepared by high pressure solvent extraction using ethanol.