anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a prevalent cause of infectious mortality worldwide \[1, 2\]. The number of patients hospitalized with CAP in the United States has been estimated to have reached one million in 2020, with similarly significant increases globally \[3\]. In Egypt, it was estimated that 10% of children deaths below the age of 5 years is likely caused by pneumonia and other acute respiratory infections \[4\] Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an abrupt decrease in glomerular filtration rate that can lead to health consequences for children in both the short and long term \[5\]. In fact, AKI may increase hospitalization length and morbidity and mortality rates for patients in the short term. Meanwhile, it exposes them to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) over time. Even mild AKI doubles the risk of CKD during follow-up \[6\] . AKI is a common condition among hospitalized children. Reports indicate that AKI can exacerbate several typical pediatric disorders, such as acute gastroenteritis with an AKI prevalence of around 25% \[7\], type 1 diabetes mellitus onset with a prevalence rate of approximately 45% \[8\], and acute appendicitis at roughly 7% incidence levels\[9\] . Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently complicates CAP; its incidence ranges from18-34 %in CAP patients\[10-12\]. Chawla et al., previously reported that coexisting pneumonia and AKI led to worse outcomes than either pneumonia or AKI alone\[13\]. Even among non-severe cases diagnosed only as pneumonia, however,Aki was associated with long-term mortality\[11\]. Despite this evidence, the impactof Aki on inhospital outcomes remains unclear for Egyptian populations . Adults suffering from CAP present considerable risks when it comes to developing both acute kidney injury(AKI)\[14-15\]and later chronic kidney disease(CKD)\[16\]; we hypothesize that there might be under-recognition regarding the prevalence of AKIs among children hospitalized due to CAP-especially milder forms. Indeed even milder forms double CKD risks during follow-ups.\[17\]Thus,it becomes crucially important to detect any episodes of Aki in order plan appropriate patient follow-ups.
The invention provides a process for preparing a pharmaceutical composition comprising N-[1-nbutyl-4-piperidinyl)methyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,3]oxazino[3,2-a]indole-10-carboxamide (SB 207266) (piboserod) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, the process comprising forming part or all of the SB 207266 or the salt thereof into granules by a dry granulation process. The process is preferably a roller compaction process, preferably followed by milling to a suitable particle size. The granules are usually of increased particle size and/or compacted compared to the SB 207266 or the salt thereof. Preferably, the SB 207266 or the salt thereof is present in the composition and/or in the granules in at least 4 weight % and/or up to 60 weight % by weight of the composition and/or by weight of the granules respectively. An intragranular lubricant, filler (e.g. CaHPO4), and/or compression aid (e.g. microcrystalline cellulose) are usually used. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition obtainable by the dry granulation process and/or which has been prepared by the dry granulation process.
An anti-oxidant comprising iridoid glycosides and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same anti-oxidant are provided to inhibit oxidation of LDL(low-density lipoprotein), so that the anti-oxidant is useful for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases caused by LDL oxidation. The anti-oxidant comprises iridoid glycosides represented by the formula(1) and isolated from Oldenlandia diffusa Roxb., wherein R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxyl or optionally hydroxy substituted C1-C5 alkyl; R3 is hydrogen or methyl; R4 is hydrogen, optionally carboxylic acid-substituted C1-C5 alkyl, optionally carboxylic acid-substituted phenyl or optionally carboxylic acid-substituted benzyl; and R5 is Glc or Glc-Ara. The pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cardiovascular diseases comprises the iridoid glycosides represented by the formula(1), wherein the cardiovascular diseases include hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. The iridoid glycosides represented by the formula(1) is produced by (a) extracting Oldenlandia diffusa Roxb. with C1-C5 organic solvent, (b) fractionating the extract of Oldenlandia diffusa Roxb. with water, ethanol and n-butanol sequentially, and (c) subjecting the n-butanol fraction to chromatography.
Women diagnosed with breast cancer undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia will be randomly allocated to dexmedetomidine group or control group. Patients from both groups will receive midazolam, propofol, fentanyl, remifentanil and CIS atracurium for total intravenous anesthesia. BIS value will be controlled between 40-60 during surgery. Patients of dexmedetomidine group will receive a loading does of 1ug/kg dexmedetomidine since 15 mins before induction, and receive another 1ug/kg of dexmedetomidine at a rate of 0.5ug/kg/h for 2 continuous hours during surgery. Patients of control group will receive same amount of normal saline. Serum will be collected from patients of both groups at before induction and 1h post-surgery. The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line will be treated with patient serum from both groups. The effects of dexmedetomidine on cellular proliferation, migration and metastasis will be measured.
Empagliflozin reduces HbA1c and increase lipolysis possibly due to increased glucagon secretion. It also reduces fat mass weight to a minor degree.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Thiamine and folic acid malnutrition is highly frequent in patients with decompensated alcohol-related liver cirrhosis (aLC). Current guidelines therefore recommend vitamin supplementation in these patients. However, implementation and its impact on the clinical outcome remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the use of thiamine and folic acid and their effects on mortality and morbidity in patients with decompensated aLC.
METHODS: A number of 289 consecutive patients with decompensated aLC who received a paracentesis at Hannover Medical School between 2011 and 2023 were retrospectively investigated. The use of folic acid and thiamine-containing supplements was assessed in the discharge medication. Patients were followed for up to one year regarding liver transplant (LTx)-free survival and the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy, infections and hepatic decompensation requiring rehospitalization.
RESULTS: Median baseline MELD was 15, median age 56.6 years. 73.0% (n = 211) were male patients. At hospital discharge, thiamine-containing supplements and folic acid were prescribed to 48.1% (n = 139) and 18.0% (n = 52) patients, respectively. Neither thiamine nor folic acid prescription were linked to improved clinical outcomes within 90 days. However, folic acid intake was associated with a higher one-year LTx-free survival (HR = 0.48; p = 0.04) in the multivariable analysis. Furthermore, folic acid substitution was linked to a decreased risk of rehospitalization within one year (HR = 0.55; p = 0.01) in the multivariable competing risk model. In contrast, thiamine prescription did neither affect LTx-free survival nor the here investigated liver-related complications.
CONCLUSION: Folic acid, but not thiamine substitution was linked to an improved outcome in patients with decompensated aLC.
Different Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) ratios will be tested. BCAA are comprised of 3 different amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine). The ratios among these 3 amino acids will be tested at 6 different ratios. Each intervention will be for 8hours.
BACKGROUND: Chronic pain poses a significant problem for older adults and may potentially impact cognitive function. This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional relationship between pain severity and cognitive function in elderly individuals residing in the community. Additionally, this study sought to examine the mediating effect of depression on the relationship between pain and dementia.
METHODS: The study sample was derived from the 2018 China Health and Aging Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), comprising cross-sectional data from 4559 community residents aged 65 years or older. The primary outcome assessed was the occurrence of dementia, while the main independent variable was pain severity (none, little, somewhat, quite a bit, very). Depression score served as the mediating factor. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between depression and the occurrence of pain and dementia. An intermediate model was constructed by stepwise regression.
RESULTS: The study indicates a significant association between cognitive impairment and both chronic pain and depressive symptoms in older adults living in China. Individuals who frequently report experiencing pain exhibit a higher likelihood of developing dementia when compared to those who do not report any pain (odds ratio (OR) = 1.72, p < 0.001). Moreover, depressive symptoms significantly mediate the relationship between pain and dementia, with the mediating effect accounting for 65.25%.
CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pain not only directly impacts patients' cognitive function but also indirectly exacerbates cognitive impairment through depressive symptoms as a mediating variable. For elderly individuals experiencing depressive symptoms, it is important to provide appropriate psychological treatment in conjunction with pain management strategies.
This study is a prospective clinical trial, developed in the neurological intensive care unit approved by the ethics committee and research in humans. The charge of each patient had information about the study through the completion of informed consent and signed him when he agreed. Were the following inclusion criteria: adult patients with acute CVA and presence of ventricular drainage catheter for invasive monitoring of ICP and without intracranial hypertension. Were adopted as exclusion criteria: increased intracranial pressure, hemodynamic instability as a criterion of loss was used to expressions of interest in charge to leave. All patients completed the study. \<br\>All patients were from the surgical implantation of the ventricular catheter, arriving to the ICU intubated orally and manually ventilated with an Ambu bag. Were subjected to routine procedures: adjusting the mechanical ventilator (Inter5, Intermed, BR) during assisted controlled cycled pressure and facility to monitor vital signs. After thirty minutes of stable ICU patient in a supine position with head elevated 30 °, the protocol was initiated to assess the impact of PEEP on ICP. To perform the evaluation of lung mechanics ventilatory mode was changed to control volume with the following parameters: tidal volume (Vt) = 8ml/kg weight, peak flow (PF) = 6 x minute volume, fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2) = 40%, respiratory rate (RR) = 16 bpm, sensitivity = 1 cmH2O. The following variables were monitored: PIC, Blood Pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), peak pressure in the airways (pp.) and plateau pressure of the respiratory system (Ppl.), these values were monitored with PEEP = 5 cmH2O. \<br\>During the assessment protocol was changed to pressure control ventilation mode with the following values of ventilatory parameters: Pp = 30 cm H2O, inspiratory time = 1s; FiO2 = 40%, RR = 16 bpm; Sensitivity = 1 cmH2O. PEEP employed ranged from 0 to 14 cmH2O. To eliminate a possible physiological accommodation by the progressive increase of PEEP, the range of values was determined by drawing a sealed envelope for each patient, ranging from 2 to 2 cmH2O. At each value of PEEP the patient was ventilated for a period of five minutes to carry out monitoring of ICP, BP, HR, PPC and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). The ICP monitoring catheter was kept closed for drainage and open for monitoring, since the arrival of the surgical block, was only open for drainage if there was an increase in ICP above 20 mmHg. \<br\>The monitoring was carried out using the multiparameter monitor (Siemens 7000). For ICP monitoring the ventricular catheter was connected to a pressure transducer and this monitor. \<br\>After the parameters evaluated with seven different PEEP values, the ventilatory mode was changed again to control volume again to evaluate pulmonary mechanics with the same initial parameters.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) encompasses various pathological processes, notably neuroinflammation and apoptosis, both of which play significant roles. CTLA-4, a well-known immune molecule that suppresses T cell-mediated immune responses, is a key area of research and a focal point for targeted therapy development in treating tumors and autoimmune disorders. Despite its prominence, the impact of CTLA-4 inhibition on inflammation and apoptosis subsequent to SCI remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the influence of CTLA-4 on SCI. A weight-drop technique was used to establish a rat model of SCI. To examine the safeguarding effect of CTLA-4 on the restoration of motor function in rats with SCI, the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale and inclined plane test were employed to assess locomotion. Neuronal degeneration and apoptosis were assessed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) and Fluoro-Jade B labeling, respectively, and the activity of microglial cells was examined by immunofluorescence. To evaluate the impact of CTLA4 on SCI, the levels of inflammatory markers were measured. After treatment with the CTLA-4 inhibitor ipilimumab, the rats showed worse neurological impairment and more severe neuroinflammation after SCI. Furthermore, the combination therapy with ipilimumab and durvalumab after SCI had more pronounced effects than treatment with either inhibitor alone. These findings indicate that CTLA-4 contributes to neuroinflammation and apoptosis after SCI, presenting a promising new therapeutic target for this traumatic condition.
PURPOSE:To provide the subject therapeutic agent composed of a giant molecular compound in which radioactive metal ions are bonded to a biodegradable hydrophilic polymer containing monomer units having an amino group, a hydroxyl group, COOH group, etc., and exhibiting suitable retention and rapid discharge to the outside of the body. CONSTITUTION:This is a pharmaceutically permissible radiotherapeutic agent for local administration, capable of gelation at physiological pH and temperature, exhibiting suitable retention and rapid discharge to the outside of the body in combination, free from a problem related to its production and suppliable at low cost. Production of this agent is carried out by chemically bonding one or more kinds of radioactive metal ions (e.g. yttrium 90 ion) through a complexing agent (e.g. diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) to a biodegradable hydrophilic polymer composed of a polysaccharide containing hydrophilic repeating monomer units having an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group or their derivative and having 1X10<3> to 1X10<6> average molecular weight, e.g. chitin, chitosan or their derivative.
A method for obtaining an immune response to a non-enteric pathogen antig en (NEPA) such as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by feeding the antigen in a plant material to an animal that is immunoreceptive to the NEPA. It has now been discovered that the animal may be made immunoreceptive to the NEPA such as HBsAg by prior primary immunization. The plant material is a substance comprising a physiologically acceptable plant material, especially potatoes, containing the NEPA, e.g. hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The NEPA, e.g. HBsAg in the plant results from expression by the plant of the NEPA due to genetic alteration.
The study group consists of ERROR(endometrioma related reduction in ovarian reserve) patients who will undergo laparoscopic endometriosis surgery after ICSI procedure with freezing all embryos. The patients will wait about 6 months for spontaneous conception, if there is no pregnancy during this period, frozen embryo transfer will be performed.
Combined water, sanitation, and handwashing (WSH) interventions could reduce fecal contamination along more transmission pathways than single interventions alone. We measured Escherichia coli levels in 3909 drinking water samples, 2691 child hand rinses, and 2422 toy ball rinses collected from households enrolled in a 2-year cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluating single and combined WSH interventions. Water treatment with chlorine reduced E. coli in drinking water. A combined WSH intervention improved water quality by the same magnitude but did not affect E. coli levels on hands or toys. One potential explanation for the limited impact of the sanitation intervention (upgraded latrines) is failure to address dog and livestock fecal contamination. Small ruminant (goat or sheep) ownership was associated with increased E. coli levels in stored water and on child hands. Cattle and poultry ownership was protective against child stunting, and domesticated animal ownership was not associated with child diarrhea. Our findings do not support restricting household animal ownership to prevent child diarrheal disease or stunting but do support calls for WSH infrastructure that can more effectively reduce household fecal contamination.
PURPOSE:A cardiotonic agent containing a carbostyril derivative, e.g. 6- N- methyl-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)carbamoyl -3,4-dihydrocarbostyril, and a salt thereof as active constituents with almost no increasing action on the heart rate. CONSTITUTION:A cardiotonic agent containing a carbostyril derivative expressed by formula 1 (R<1> is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, etc.; R<2> and R<3> are alkyl or lower phenylalkyl or R<2> and R<3> together with N form a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic ring which may contain O or N; the carbon-carbon bond between the 3- and 4-positions of the carbostyril skeleton is a single or double bond) and a salt thereof as active constituents. The compound expressed by formulaIis obtained by reacting a carbostyril deriavative expressed by formula 2 with an amine expressed by formula 3 by the amide bond forming reaction. The compound expressed by formula 1 has improved positive inotropic action, increasing action on coronary blood stream and hypotensive action.
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 vaccination has been inconsistently associated with an increased risk of heavy menstrual bleeding in previous studies. This study aimed to assess the risk of heavy menstrual bleeding requiring hospital care following COVID-19 vaccination according to the number of doses received and the time elapsed since vaccination.
METHODS: Using comprehensive data of the French National Health Data System, we carried out a case-control study. Non-pregnant 15-50 years old women who had a hospital discharge diagnosis of heavy menstrual bleeding between May 12, 2021, and August 31, 2022 (cases) were randomly matched to up to 30 controls of same age, place of residence, social deprivation index, and contraceptive use profile at the date of case hospital admission (index date). Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of hospital care for heavy menstrual bleeding associated with primary or booster doses and delay since last COVID-19 vaccination at index date, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, comorbidities, healthcare use indicators, and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
RESULTS: A total of 4610 cases and 89,375 matched controls were included (median age, 42 years). Compared to unvaccinated women, the risk of hospital care for heavy menstrual bleeding was increased in those having received a last dose of primary vaccination in the preceding 1-3 months (Odds Ratio, 1.20 [95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.35]). This association was marked among women residing in the most deprived municipalities (1.28 [1.07-1.52]) and those who were not using hormonal contraception (1.28 [1.11-1.48]). Assuming a causal relationship, a total of 103 cases [54-196] were estimated to be attributable to primary vaccination in France.
CONCLUSION: These findings provide evidence of an increased risk of heavy menstrual bleeding during the three-month period following primary COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. No increased risk was found beyond 3 months after primary vaccination nor following booster doses.
Introduction: Apart from its effect on bone health, vitamin D is also known to have beneficial effects on the neurological system. In studies, vitamin D levels were found to be low in patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). However, studies examining the effects of vitamin D replacement on CTS are limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D replacement therapy on pain, electrophysiological parameters, ultrasonographic measurement results and functional status scales in CTS patients with low serum vitamin D levels. Materials and Methods: Our study was planned as an observational and analytical prospective. Vitamin D loading therapy was given to patients with serum vitamin D levels below 20ng/ml and mild-moderate CTS detected by electroneuromyography (ENMG). Patients with vitamin D levels above 20 ng/ml after 8 weeks were included in the study. Each patient was given a rest splint and exercise program. Patients were evaluated before and 3 months after treatment with electrophysiological, ultrasonographic, VAS, pinch-grip strength, two-point discrimination, monofilament test and Boston symptom severity scale.
This is an open label study to be conducted at a single research center, San Diego Sexual Medicine. Subjects meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria will receive 6.5 mg prasterone vaginal inserts daily for twenty weeks. After the informed consent is signed, a baseline physical examination and vulvoscopy with detailed photography of the vulva, vestibule, urethral meatus and vagina will be performed. Physical examination and vulvoscopy with detailed photography of the vulva, vestibule, urethral meatus and vagina will be repeated prospectively every 4 weeks for a total of 20 weeks. Therefore, physical examination and vulvoscopy with detailed photography of the vulva, vestibule, urethral meatus and vagina will be performed prospectively at baseline (vulvoscopy session 1), 4 weeks (vulvoscopy session 2), 8 weeks (vulvoscopy session 3), 12 weeks (vulvoscopy session 4), 16 weeks (vulvoscopy session 5) and 20 weeks (vulvoscopy session 6) following daily administration of 6.5 mg prasterone. In addition, pain diaries will be dispensed at each visit and collected at the following visit, with questions regarding pain during sexual activity.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a restoring material for a tooth crown capable of suppressing the proliferation of bacteria in a mouth and further the occurrence of decalcification, dental caries or gingival hypertrophy in the mouth by uniformly blending a specific antimicrobial agent powder with a restoring material for the tooth crown. SOLUTION: This restoring material for a tooth crown comprises an antimicrobial zeolite powder holding an antimicrobial metal such as silver, copper or zinc thereon (preferably having 0.5-7.5μm particle diameter) in an amalgam, a resin, a cement, etc. The restoring material may be prepared by mixing, e.g. the inorganic antimicrobial agent powder with a resin component of the restoring material for the tooth crown and then molding the resultant mixture so as to expose at least a part of the inorganic antimicrobial agent powder to the surface part. The amount of the inorganic antimicrobial agent powder added to the restoring material for the tooth crown is preferably 0.5-3.0wt.%. The inorganic antimicrobial agent powder, especially the antimicrobial zeolite powder is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1-15wt.% in the zeolite.  The inorganic antimicrobical agent powder containing the silver, copper and zinc, etc., is preferably treated with at least one coupling agent selected from the group consisting of an organoaluminum compound, an organosilicon compound and an organotitanium compound.