anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Carcinogenicity studies were conducted in mice and rats. In an 86-week female mouse study at sirolimus doses 30 to 120 times higher than the 2 mg daily clinical dose (adjusted for body surface area), there was a statistically significant increase in malignant lymphoma at all dose levels compared with controls. In a second mouse study at dosages that were approximately 3 to 16 times the clinical dose (adjusted for body surface area), hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma in males were considered sirolimus-related. In the 104-week rat study at dosages equal to or lower than the clinical dose of 2 mg daily (adjusted for body surface area), there were no significant findings.

Sirolimus was not genotoxic in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, the Chinese hamster ovary cell chromosomal aberration assay, the mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay, or the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.

When female rats were treated by oral gavage with sirolimus and mated to untreated males, female fertility was decreased at 0.5 mg/kg (2.5-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg, on a body surface area basis) due to decreased implantation. In addition, reduced ovary and uterus weight were observed. The NOAEL for female rat fertility was 0.1 mg/kg (0.5-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg). 

When male rats were treated by oral gavage with sirolimus and mated to untreated females, male fertility was decreased at 2 mg/kg (9.7-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg, on a body surface area basis). Atrophy of testes, epididymides, prostate, seminiferous tubules, and reduced sperm counts were observed. The NOAEL for male rat fertility was 0.5 mg/kg (2.5-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg). 

Testicular tubular degeneration was also seen in a 4-week intravenous study of sirolimus in monkeys at 0.1 mg/kg (1-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg, on a body surface area basis).
Metal hypersensitivity is a rare and often underestimated complication, as shown by the small number of published studies, particularly concerning the upper limbs and the hand. However, the increase in the annual number of trapeziometacarpal arthroplasties underlines the importance of better understanding of this problem. We performed a study based on data from the revision of trapeziometacarpal prostheses to assess the incidence of this complication and to define a sequence of radiological changes to detect metal hypersensitivity. This single-center retrospective study included 37 patients operated on between January 2014 and November 2023 for revision of trapeziometacarpal prosthesis. Ten (27%) had no clearly identified cause of failure. For these 10 patients, we analyzed clinical data and postoperative X-rays. In the 11 revision arthroplasties, 2 patients had no symptoms or radiographic signs suggestive of allergy. Six patients had a-posteriori diagnosis established by allergy testing, which also identified 2 additional patients, for a total of 8 patients (21% of the initial cohort). In these cases, there was systematic metaphyseal osteolysis of the first metacarpal between 15 days and 1 month after implantation. Clinically, most patients had an asymptomatic period of 2 weeks to 1 month before onset of symptoms and osteolysis, often accompanied by local inflammation. This study found a reproducible pattern of progression, characterized by the appearance of radiographic signs of osteolysis in the first month, followed by clinical deterioration. Although this course is strongly suggestive of a metal hypersensitivity, it is crucial not to exclude the possibility of an infectious cause, which should always be considered.
Giant ruptured distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms are rare, challenging pathologies that may require a combination of microsurgical and endovascular techniques for optimal treatment [1-9]. We describe the case of a female in her 40 s who presented with a Hunt-Hess 4, Fisher 4 subarachnoid hemorrhage from a multiply ruptured, giant distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm. The patient underwent coil and n-BCA glue embolization of the aneurysm and its feeding A2 anterior cerebral artery. She subsequently underwent decompressive craniectomy, intracerebral hematoma evacuation, and microsurgical trapping and resection of the aneurysm. Postoperative imaging demonstrated no further aneurysm filling, complete hematoma evacuation, and good decompression. The technical considerations and literature for the combined treatment of large and giant ruptured aneurysms are reviewed. The case presentation, operative nuances, and postoperative course with imaging are reviewed with detailed anatomical diagrams to orient the viewer. The patient consented to the procedure and to the publication of her imaging.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the correlation between serum vitamin D, homocysteine and the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Study design We retrospectively compared the serum homocysteine and vitamin D levels and the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in 104 PCOS patients and 104 controls. Parameters related to PCOS were statistically analysed.
RESULTS: Comparative analysis revealed that women with PCOS had significantly greater serum homocysteine levels (P = 0.002) and lower vitamin D concentrations (P = 0.040) than controls. The distribution frequency of the MTHFR C677T genotype did not significantly differ between the PCOS group and the control group. (P > 0.05). In the PCOS group, the serum level of homocysteine in the TT group was significantly greater than that in the CT (P = 0.003) and CC (P = 0.002) groups and the level of vitamin D in the TT group was significantly less than that in the CC (P < 0.001) and CT (P = 0.172) groups. The results were similar when the PCOS and control groups were divided according to whether they had insulin resistance. Vitamin D levels were significantly negatively correlated with homocysteine levels in all PCOS patients (r = -0.281, P = 0.004), similarly, vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with homocysteine levels in the CC, CT and TT of PCOS patients. According to multivariate analysis, vitamin D concentration was an independent risk factor for hyperhomocysteinaemia (adjusted OR 1.372, 95 % CI: 1.100-1.712).
CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were found in the distributions of MTHFR C677T genotypes between the PCOS and control groups but these genotypes affected the patients' serum homocysteine and vitamin D concentrations. Women with the TT genotype have significantly lower vitamin D levels and higher homocysteine levels than women with the CC and CT genotypes. However, because of the limitations of this investigation, large-sample, high-quality prospective studies are needed to further verify these results in the future.
On Day 1, one tablet will be taken orally at bedtime. If this dose adequately controls symptoms (i.e., PUQE = 3), the participant will be directed to continue taking one tablet daily at bedtime only. However, on Day 2, if symptoms of nausea, retching and/or vomiting persist (i.e., PUQE score \>3), the participant will be directed to take her usual dose of 1 tablet at bedtime and an additional tablet the next morning on Day 3. The minimum dosage prescribed will be 1 tablet daily at bedtime, increasing, when indicated, to the maximal dosage of 2 tablets per day (one tablet in the morning and one tablet at bedtime) starting Day 3 and will continue through Day 14.
Patients will receive a 300 mg loading dose of Plavix on day 1, followed by 75 mg/day, and aspirin 81 mg per day starting day 1. Treatment will be continued until the treating physician elects to resume systemic therapy for the treatment of breast cancer or until unacceptable toxicity is observed. A pill diary will be collected monthly to monitor patients' compliance with the medication regimen.
Patients that got the diagnosis chronic periodontitis at baseline. Since 2018 we have the classification system with stage and grade why patients get this classification at the clinical examination.
DNA damage and neurodegenerative disorders are intimately linked but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that persistent DNA lesions in tissue-resident macrophages carrying an XPF-ERCC1 DNA repair defect trigger neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death in mice. We find that microglia accumulate dsDNAs and chromatin fragments in the cytosol, which are sensed thereby stimulating a viral-like immune response in Er1Cx/- and naturally aged murine brain. Cytosolic DNAs are packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are released from microglia and discharge their dsDNA cargo into IFN-responsive neurons triggering cell death. To remove cytosolic dsDNAs and prevent inflammation, we developed targeting EVs to deliver recombinant DNase I to Er1Cx/- brain microglia in vivo. We show that EV-mediated elimination of cytosolic dsDNAs is sufficient to prevent neuroinflammation, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and delay the onset of neurodegenerative symptoms in Er1Cx/- mice. Together, our findings unveil a causal mechanism leading to neuroinflammation and provide a rationalized therapeutic strategy against age-related neurodegeneration.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject safe preparation containing an extract extracted from the fruit of Chaenomeles sinessis Koenne, having an antibacterial activity against hemolytic inflammation-causing bacteria (hemolytic streptococcus) and an activity for inhibiting a hemolytic toxin produced by the bacteria, and further excellent in smell, etc. SOLUTION: This preparation for oral cavities contains an extract obtained by extracting the fruit of Chaenomeles sinensis Koenne with a 50-100% lower alcohol aqueous solution (preferably an ethanol aqueous solution), acetone, ethyl acetate, n-hexane or their mixed solvents. The extraction is preferably performed by a method comprising adding the above-mentioned solvent to the ground fruit of the Chaenomeles sinensis Koenne and subsequently thermally refluxing the mixture for 3hr. The obtained extact solution is vacuum-concentrated to obtain the objective preparation. The preparation is further separated and purified with column chromatography to obtain a triterpene derivative such as a oleanolic acid of formula I or erythrodiol of formula II, which is preferably used as an active ingredient for the objective preparation.  The preparation may be added to a candy, etc., to supply the preparation for daily utizations.
The pilot test will recruit 30 morbidly obese pre-diabetic patient and they will be randomized into three groups: Group 1. Treatment as usual; Group 2. PRECIOUS system; Group 3. PRECIOUS system and Motivational Interviewing counseling. Researchers of this study will contact telephonically with potential participants and will ask for voluntary participation. Among those who agree, a face-to-face appointment at the reference hospital will be scheduled. In this appointment, general information on the study objectives and procedures will be offered.

The length of intervention will be 3 months with the following scheduled follow-up appointments: week 2 (considering baseline as week 1), week 5, week 8 and week 12. In the follow-up appointments 2, 5 and 8, only doubts and questions regarding system use will be addressed (not specific measures will be collected). Two types of measures will be assessed: 1) Primary outcome measures (at the end of the test) to assess usability, satisfaction, user's acceptance, and effectiveness of PRECIOUS system; and 2) Secondary outcome measures (baseline and final assessment) to assess different aspects of lifestyle and health habits. In addition, all patients will use a device to record heart rate during 3 consecutive days (week 1 and 12).
The inventors have evaluated the effects of FLT3 inhibitors on morphine analgesic potency, tolerance to morphine analgesia, and morphine-induced mechanical pain hypersensitivity. When the FLT3 inhibitor was administered with morphine, the amount of analgesia was higher than that produced by morphine alone. Repeated administration of morphine induced a gradual decrease in morphine-induced analgesia as shown by the percentage reduction in MPE in control animals. Intrathecal pretreatment with FLT3 inhibitor reduced the reduction of morphine analgesia. Administration of the FLT3 inhibitor completely prevented the development of both morphine-induced pain hypersensitivity and the potential pain sensitization exhibited by morphine. Accordingly, the present invention relates to FLT3 inhibitors for use in increasing the efficacy of the analgesic effect of opioids, thereby reducing the dose of opioid, while maintaining the efficacy of opioid in a subject in need thereof suffering from pain.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to quantify pre- and postoperative paraspinal muscular variation following posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) and measure the association of this variation with adjacent-segment degeneration (ASD).
METHODS: Data from 149 patients who underwent L4-S1 PLIF for DLSS were collected. Patients were divided into radiologically confirmed ASD and control groups according to follow-up radiological findings. MRI was performed before surgery and at the last follow-up. Muscular parameters including the relative cross-sectional area (rCSA), relative functional cross-sectional area (rFCSA), relative total cross-sectional area (rTCSA), and fatty infiltration (FI) of the multifidus (MF), erector spinae (ES), and psoas major (PM) muscles were measured on preoperative and follow-up L2-S1 MR images. Logistic regression was used to investigate risk factors for ASD.
RESULTS: The rate of radiological ASD was 42.3% at the final follow-up (mean 25.71 ± 8.35 months). At surgical levels, the rFCSA and rTCSA of the MF and ES muscles decreased. The FI of the MF from L2-3 to L5-S1 and ES muscles at L5-S1 significantly increased after surgery, while the rFCSA and rTCSA of the PM muscle increased and its FI decreased. At adjacent levels, the rFCSA and rTCSA of the MF muscle and rTCSA of the ES muscle decreased and the FI of the MF muscle increased postoperatively (p < 0.05), but the rFCSA and rTCSA of the PM muscle increased and its FI decreased (p < 0.05). The FIs of the MF, ES, and PM muscles at adjacent levels significantly differed between the ASD and control groups. Logistic regression analysis indicated that higher BMI (p = 0.002) and FI of the PM muscle at adjacent levels (p = 0.025) were significant risk factors for ASD.
CONCLUSIONS: The functional area decreased in the MF and ES muscles and increased in the PM muscle after L4-S1 PLIF. A compensatory postoperative decrease in FI of the PM muscle at the adjacent level was a protective factor for ASD in DLSS patients after PLIF.
OBJECTIVE: This study sought to evaluate 1) the relationship between body mass index (BMI), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and bleeding complications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); and 2) whether CKD modified the effect of BMI on major bleeding and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE).
BACKGROUND: The interaction of CKD, sex and BMI in patients undergoing PCI is unclear.
METHODS: Between 2010 and 2018, a total of 31,116 patients underwent PCI at six New York metropolitan area hospitals. Bleeding complications were classified by the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC). Major bleeding was defined as BARC≥3. MACCE was the composite of in-hospital death; myocardial infarction; cerebrovascular events and major bleeding complications. Interaction on multiplicative scales was assessed adjusting for other factors. A three-way multiplicative interaction between BMI, CKD and sex were considered and evaluated for both endpoints of primary interest (BARC≥3 and MACCE).
RESULTS: Patients with BARC≥3 bleeding were older (p < 0.0001) and more likely female (p < 0.0001). A 3-way interaction existed between sex, BMI, and CKD on BARC≥3 (p = 0.02). Specifically, the effect of CKD status on odds of BARC≥3 depended on BMI group among males, whereas BMI did modify the relationship between CKD and BARC≥3 among females; after stratification by sex, a significant interaction between BMI and CKD was present in females (p = 0.03) but not in males (p = 0.43). Among females without CKD, normal BMI patients had the greatest odds of BARC≥3 compared to obese or overweight females. Contrasted to females without CKD, among females with CKD there was no significant increased odds of BARC≥3 in normal BMI patients compared to obese or overweight females. However, overweight females with CKD had a significantly increased odds of BARC≥3 compared to obese females with CKD. Furthermore, obese females with CKD had significantly greater BARC≥3 odds compared to obese females without CKD. Similarly, overweight females with CKD had an increased odds of BARC≥3 compared to overweight females without CKD. No significant interactions were found for the odds of MACCE.
CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing PCI, there was evidence of a significant and complex 3-way interaction between BMI, CKD and sex for major bleeding events. The predicted probability of major bleeding was greater for females than for male patients, and for both sexes, greater among those with CKD, but BMI group influences these probabilities. Obese females with kidney disease had the lowest incidence of bleeding complications when compared with overweight or normal weight female patients undergoing PCI. This interaction was not seen in the male group or for MACCE. Furthermore, age, cardiogenic shock, STEMI and use of IABP/Impella were each independently associated with odds of major bleeding (among both males and females) and MACCE.
Women will receive sham acu-TENS from 15 minutes before USG-MVA to 15 minutes after USG-MVA. In the sham acu-TENS, TENS pads will be placed on the same acupoints, connected to the machine, but without electric current.
Most of the itraconazole in plasma is bound to protein (99.8%), with albumin being the main binding component (99.6% for the hydroxy-metabolite). It has also a marked affinity for lipids. Only 0.2% of the itraconazole in plasma is present as free drug. Itraconazole is distributed in a large apparent volume in the body (>700 L), suggesting extensive distribution into tissues. Concentrations in lung, kidney, liver, bone, stomach, spleen and muscle were found to be two to three times higher than corresponding concentrations in plasma, and the uptake into keratinous tissues, skin in particular, up to four times higher. Concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid are much lower than in plasma.
PURPOSE:The thioalkylation of a halogenated alkyl is followed by amination of the product and conversion of the resultant NH2 group into NCS to give the titled compound used as a flavor through a simplified process. CONSTITUTION:A dihalogenated alkyl or formulaI(X is halogen; n is 5-8) is made to react with a thioalkylation reagent such as CH3SNa or Na2S and one of X in formulaIis thioalkylated. Then, the other X is aminated with an aminating reagent such as NaHN2 or NH3 aqueous solution to prepare alkylthioalkylamine of formula II (R is methyl, ethyl). Finally, the amino group of the product is converted into NCS with a compound of formula III. The process of the prevent invention consists only of three stages, thus being very useful in practice. The compound of formula IV is useful as a flavor smelling WASABI- like odor.
Labor and Delivery: SEE BOXED WARNING REGARDING OBSTETRlCAL USE OF 0.75% MARCAINE.

MARCAINE is contraindicated for obstetrical paracervical block anesthesia.

Local anesthetics rapidly cross the placenta, and when used for epidural, caudal, or pudendal block anesthesia, can cause varying degrees of maternal, fetal, and neonatal toxicity. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Pharmacokinetics.) The incidence and degree of toxicity depend upon the procedure performed, the type, and amount of drug used, and the technique of drug administration. Adverse reactions in the parturient, fetus, and neonate involve alterations of the central nervous system, peripheral vascular tone, and cardiac function.

Maternal hypotension has resulted from regional anesthesia. Local anesthetics produce vasodilation by blocking sympathetic nerves. Elevating the patient’s legs and positioning her on her left side will help prevent decreases in blood pressure. The fetal heart rate also should be monitored continuously and electronic fetal monitoring is highly advisable.

Epidural, caudal, or pudendal anesthesia may alter the forces of parturition through changes in uterine contractility or maternal expulsive efforts. Epidural anesthesia has been reported to prolong the second stage of labor by removing the parturient’s reflex urge to bear down or by interfering with motor function. The use of obstetrical anesthesia may increase the need for forceps assistance.

The use of some local anesthetic drug products during labor and delivery may be followed by diminished muscle strength and tone for the first day or two of life. This has not been reported with bupivacaine.

It is extremely important to avoid aortocaval compression by the gravid uterus during administration of regional block to parturients. To do this, the patient must be maintained in the left lateral decubitus position or a blanket roll or sandbag may be placed beneath the right hip and gravid uterus displaced to the left.
In the acupuncture group, those patients undergo acupuncture at the beginning of embryo transfer cycle three times a week until 14 days after embryo transfer. These patients should be checked including endometrial receptivity index and fill in SAS anxiety scale form.
Suppositories containing 20-50 per cent by weight of a crystalline medicament other than water-soluble calcium salts of water-soluble fatty acids containing not more than 6 carbon atoms in the molecule or calcium lactate or calcium sodium lactate, are prepared by grinding the medicament in a vibrating mill to a particle size of 1-10 microns, and then incorporating the powder in the molten suppository base at 40-60 DEG C.  If necessary, the crystalline solids are dried or dehydrated before grinding. Specific examples of substances which are first so treated are: Cobalt salts such as cobalt chloride and cobalt sulphate, sodium nicotinate, salts of theophylline, codeine phosphate, codeine hydrochloride, salts of barbituric acid, calcium acetate-calcium chloride double salt, and ferrous sulphate.  Other finely divided medicaments may be incorporated in the suppositories for the purpose of rendering a medicament more soluble in the base or therapeutically more effective.  Specified combinations are (a) ferrous sulphate, ascorbic acid and cocoa butter, with or without the further addition of cobalt sulphate; (b) theobromine sodium salicylate, theophylline, papaverine, sodium phenyl ethyl barbiturate, calcium acetate and cocoa butter; (c) 4-dimethylamino-1-phenyl-2, 3-dimethyl pyrazolone, 1-phenyl-2, 3-dimethyl pyrazolone, codeine phosphate (or codeine hydrochloride), calcium acetate and suppository base; (d) magnesium acetate, magnesium propionate and cocoa butter; and (e) calcium acetate, nicotinic acid amide and ascorbic acid and cocoa butter. Other specified substances are sodium salicylate, pacetyl phenetidine, bromoisovaleryl carbamide, bromodiethylacetyl carbamide, hydantoins, quinine hydrochloride and the sulphonamides. Specifications 683,192 and 689,722 are referred to.
Early Goal Directed Therapy (EGDT) - The study team will insert a central venous catheter (CVC) for continuous monitoring of the subjects' central venous pressure (CVP) and central venous oxygen saturation (Scv02). The study team will use this information to give fluid, blood, and heart medications in a structured fashion. The CVC is FDA approved and routinely used in hospitals.