Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically changed the pronostic of HIV/AIDS infection over the last 20 years, by reducing the mortality and morbibidity associted with the infection. This is mostly true in sub-Saharan African, the most affected region of the world. The UNAIDS 2019 report confirms this fact, and shows a significant reduction in the number of deaths related to HIV infection as access to antiretrovirals (ARV) increases. However, in the absence of cure by current treatments, the management and treatment of the infection should still be considered for life. This makes this management complex and challenging. Indeed, the risk of failure to treatment is real, this risk is accompanied by that of developing resistance to treatment, which should lead to a change in treatment. The limited number of molecules therefore requires the development of strategies that must be effective in maintaining virological suppression for as long as possible and should also limit the emergence and circulation of resistant viruses. To address these priorities, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends since 2016, the introduction of a first-line ART more efficient and more robust, combining molecules with a high genetic barrier to resistance. In its latest 2019 recommendations for resource-limited countries, WHO recommends a first-line ART comprising two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and one integrase inhibitor (INI), preferably tenofovir (TDF)+Lamivudine (3TC )/emtricitabine (FTC)+dolutegravir (DTG). This new strategy is expected in the context of sub-Saharan Africa, where the increase of pre-treatment and acquired HIV drug resistance has been worrying for several years, but raises a certain number of uncertainties. Indeed, available and published data on the effectiveness of DTG are mainly from studies conducted in Northern countries, very few clinical trials have evaluated or are underway to evaluate the strategy in Southern countries and virtually no evaluation of the effectiveness of this approach in the context of real life in the South has been conducted to date. In addition, few or no recommendations have been made to accompany this transition to a new DTG-based first-line in the South. This is of greater concern for patients who are currently under non-NRTI-based first-line , and who will be switched to a new DTG-based first-line. This population will certainly include very variable virological profiles, ranging from patients in virological suppression, to patients who are not virologically suppressed, with potential accumulation of resistance mutations. In the absence of clear and funded recommendations for the organization of these transitions, the risk of this transition producing results below expectations is real and significant. In addition, the reality of the management of HIV infection in the South regularly faces significant challenges associated with limited financial and human resources. This often makes it difficult to apply decisions made even at the national level. For illustration, despite the unanimity around the use of viral load for monitoring people on ART, access to and the availability of this test in daily practice remains challenging in many countries. It is therefore essential to evaluate the virological response in people who will be switched from the current first-line, to the new first-line, in real life conditions, in the South. This study, developed and considered as a priority by the AC43 working group "Medical Virology" of the ANRS, aims to evaluate this new strategy in real life context in three countries of sub-Saharan Africa, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali and Togo. The main objective is to assess the virological efficacy of the DTG-based first-line in real life conditions, for patients initially receiving an NNRTI-based first-line, followed-up in the national programs and determine the impact of baseline NRTI-drug resistance on the success of the new strategy. All these three countries have adopted the new WHO recommendations and the deployment of the DTG-based first-line is being initiated. It is therefore essential that this research be conducted along side with this ongoing transition, so that the results will help developping adequate recommendations that will allow programs in the South to better organise the transition, to improve the therapeutic and virological monitoring of patients, to prevent early failures, and the emergence and rapid circulation of drug resistance.