anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenia (muscle weakness) is one of the geriatric syndromes that increases in frequency with age and is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass, strength and performance. Sarcopenia that occurs with aging is called primary sarcopenia, but sarcopenia can also occur due to secondary causes such as malnutrition, chronic diseases and immobility. One of the most important risk factors is advanced age. The prevalence of sarcopenia, which has been reported between 5% and 13% in a decade, can reach up to 50% over the age of 80. Sarcopenia is an important health problem that can cause loss of mobility, risk of functional dependence, risk of falling, increase in hospital stay, and consequently increase in morbidity and mortality, especially in elderly patients.

In order to be able to say sarcopenia, the investigators need to show that there is a decrease in muscle mass and, in addition, muscle strength and/or performance. Bio-electrical impedance analysis, anthropometric measurements or radiological measurements can be used among the most commonly used methods when evaluating muscle mass. However, there is no single gold standard measurement. Cross-sectional muscle area measurements, lean mass measurements and calf circumference measurements are the most commonly used muscle mass determination methods.

Ultrasonographic measurement of the rectus femoris muscle is a muscle mass measurement technique that has been used frequently recently. The most important measurement method used as a standard for muscle strength measurement is hand grip strength. The hand grip strength values reported for weakness acquired in the intensive care unit are at lower limits. \<11 kg in male patients and \<7 kg in female patients are considered significant limits for ICU-AW (intensive care unit-aquire weakness). However, there are some difficulties in evaluating muscle strength in intensive care patients. Most importantly, most of the patients are bedridden, immobile, receiving ventilation support, unable to cooperate, and who will not be conscious because they are under anesthesia. Apart from this, there are some measurement methods by sending magnetic or electrophysiological stimuli to the peripheral nerves in intensive care patients for muscle strength measurement, but they are mostly applied for clinical studies for now, due to the fact that they are invasive measurement methods and there are not enough equipped centers to apply them. In conclusion, sufficient number of studies examining this issue are required to reach a consensus on how to diagnose sarcopenia in intensive care patients.

In today's conditions, patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia are followed in the majority of intensive care units. In the study, patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 followed in the intensive care unit will be evaluated. It is aimed to monitor, detect and investigate the factors affecting the muscle weakness of the disease, which the investigatorshave just met during the pandemic the investigators are in, and which causes different systemic involvement. There is no previous study on this subject in the literature.
The dosage of ACIPHEX in patients with pathologic hypersecretory conditions varies with the individual patient. The recommended adult oral starting dose is 60 mg once a day. Doses should be adjusted to individual patient needs and should continue for as long as clinically indicated. Some patients may require divided doses. Doses up to 100 mg QD and 60 mg BID have been administered. Some patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome have been treated continuously with ACIPHEX for up to one year.
The oral LD50 of hydroxyurea is 7330 mg/kg in mice and 5780 mg/kg in rats, given as a single dose. 

In subacute and chronic toxicity studies in the rat, the most consistent pathological findings were an apparent dose-related mild to moderate bone marrow hypoplasia as well as pulmonary congestion and mottling of the lungs. At the highest dosage levels (1260 mg/kg/day for 37 days, then 2520 mg/kg/day for 40 days), testicular atrophy with absence of spermatogenesis occurred; in several animals, hepatic cell damage with fatty metamorphosis was noted. In the dog, mild to marked bone marrow depression was a consistent finding except at the lower dosage levels. Additionally, at the higher dose levels (140 to 420 mg or 140 to 1260 mg/kg/week given 3 or 7 days weekly for 12 weeks), growth retardation, slightly increased blood glucose values, and hemosiderosis of the liver or spleen were found; reversible spermatogenic arrest was noted. In the monkey, bone marrow depression, lymphoid atrophy of the spleen, and degenerative changes in the epithelium of the small and large intestines were found. At the higher, often lethal, doses (400 to 800 mg/kg/day for 7 to 15 days), hemorrhage and congestion were found in the lungs, brain, and urinary tract. Cardiovascular effects (changes in heart rate, blood pressure, orthostatic hypotension, EKG changes) and hematological changes (slight hemolysis, slight methemoglobinemia) were observed in some species of laboratory animals at doses exceeding clinical levels.
PURPOSE: Therapy resistance is a major clinical hurdle in bone cancer treatment and seems to be largely driven by poorly understood microenvironmental factors. Recent evidence suggests a critical role for a unique subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells with inflammatory features (iMSC), though their origin and function remained unexplored. We demonstrate that cancer-secreted extracellular vesicles (EV) trigger the development of iMSCs, which hinder therapy response in vivo, and set out to identify strategies to counteract their function.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The role of iMSCs in therapy resistance was evaluated in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of osteosarcoma. EV-induced alterations of the MSC transcriptome were analyzed and compared with single-cell RNA sequencing data of biopsies from patients with osteosarcoma and multiple myeloma. Functional assays identified EV components driving iMSC development. We assessed the efficacy of clinical drugs in blocking iMSC-induced resistance in vivo.
RESULTS: We found that iMSCs are induced by interaction with cancer EVs and completely abrogate the antimetastatic effect of TGFβ signaling inhibition. Importantly, EV-induced iMSCs faithfully recapitulate the inflammatory single-cell RNA signature of stromal cells enriched in biopsies from patients with multiple myeloma and osteosarcoma. Mechanistically, cancer EVs act through two distinct mechanisms. EV-associated TGFβ induces IL6 production, whereas the EV-RNA cargo enhances TLR3-mediated chemokine production. We reveal that simultaneous blockade of downstream EV-activated pathways with ladarixin and tocilizumab disrupts metastasis formation and overcomes iMSC-induced resistance.
CONCLUSIONS: Our observations establish iMSCs as major contributors to drug resistance, reveal EVs as triggers of iMSC development, and highlight a promising combination strategy to improve therapy response in patients with bone cancer.
IMURAN is indicated as an adjunct for the prevention of rejection in renal homotransplantation. It is also indicated for the management of active rheumatoid arthritis to reduce signs and symptoms. 

Renal Homotransplantation: IMURAN is indicated as an adjunct for the prevention of rejection in renal homotransplantation. Experience with over 16,000 transplants shows a 5-year patient survival of 35% to 55%, but this is dependent on donor, match for HLA antigens, anti-donor or anti-B-cell alloantigen antibody, and other variables. The effect of IMURAN on these variables has not been tested in controlled trials. 

Rheumatoid Arthritis: IMURAN is indicated for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to reduce signs and symptoms. Aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or low dose glucocorticoids may be continued during treatment with IMURAN. The combined use of IMURAN with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) has not been studied for either added benefit or unexpected adverse effects. The use of IMURAN with these agents cannot be recommended.
A pharmaceutical composition comprising an extract of one or members of the mint (mentha) family or an equivalent of such an extract. The composition is suitable for topical application to the external skin area in the vicinity of the vulva or anus to alleviate burning pain sensations in that area or pain sensations in the urethra or rectum such as those associated with cystitis or irritable bowel syndrome on passing urine or faeces. Suitable extracts include peppermint, pennyroyal, spearmint, menthol or peppermint oil. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an emollient and the mint extract or equivalent is suitable for topical application to the external skin area. It may be applied to alleviate sever pains such as pains due to shingles or burns. The compositions can be embodied in a gel or, preferably, a cream, ointment, wipe or spray.
The use of nanozymes has become a promising auxiliary approach to "turn on" surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals for the label-free detection of disease markers. Nevertheless, there are still major challenges to develop bifunctional nanomaterials with both excellent enzyme-like activity and high SERS performance. To this end, a novel Z-scheme MoO3-x/CuS heterojunction was first constructed as a powerful "two-in-one" substrate, which can not only catalyze leucomalachite green (LMG) to SERS-active malachite green (MG) but also serve as an efficient substrate to amplify the SERS signal of catalysate. Due to the strong interfacial coupling effect between the MoO3-x and CuS nanomaterial, which promoted the separation and transport of carriers in the heterojunction, the MoO3-x/CuS heterojunction showed higher peroxidase-like activity compared to individual components and the previously reported heterojunction nanozymes. Inspired by these results, a sandwich-type SERS immunoassay for the detection of the cerebral infarction biomarker S100 calcium-binding protein (S100B) was proposed based on the output signal of MG at 1620 cm-1. Furthermore, introducing the antifouling material chitosan on the surface of the MoO3-x/CuS heterojunction can effectively resist nonspecific protein adsorption and significantly improve the detection accuracy of the immunoassay. Therefore, the SERS immunoassay based on the MoO3-x/CuS heterojunction realized highly sensitive and selective detection of S100B in the concentration range of 0.001 to 100 ng/mL, with a low limit of detection of 0.47 pg/mL. The developed method has been successfully used for the accurate detection of S100B in clinical serum. The results showed that the level of S100B in the serum of cerebral infarction patients can be distinguished from those of healthy individuals and intracranial tumor patient controls. In addition, the acquired values of S100B in the serum of cerebral infarction patients based this strategy were well consistent with the results of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection with a relative error of less than ±7.3. It is expected that this work may open up a paradigm for improving detection sensitivity and accuracy for the early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of cerebral infarction in the clinic.
The study was planned as a prospective cross-sectional study. Pectus study forms consisting of clinical and radiological measurements of the patients aged 3-18 years who applied to the outpatient clinic with chest deformity will be filled in in detail, and the Adams test (forward bending test) (+) will be measured by Bunnell scoliometer (scoliosis assessment tool) and ATR (angle of trunk rotation- trunk rotation) measurements. If ATR measurement is above 7 degrees on Bunnell scoliometer, patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be included in the study by filling in the informed consent form and a scoliosis radiograph will be requested (Independent of investigators' study, it is necessary to withdraw it in line with the 2016 recommendations of the International Scientific Society for Scoliosis Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT).)

Coronal, sagittal balance, coronal and sagittal cobb angles will be measured from the scoliosis radiograph taken from the Posterior-Anterior (PA) (posterior-anterior) and lateral (side) films. Their relationship with chest deformities will be evaluated. All measurements will be made and recorded by two independent investigators As a result of the analysis, when the power is targeted as 95% and the error amount as 0.05, the minimum sample size required for investigators to find a significant difference between the means was determined as 36. Investigators formed a sample group of 40 people for our study, together with the fact that groups of 36 people were sufficient in terms of providing 95% power. Kappa statistical analysis will be used to determine intraobserver and interobserver variations.
This group will perform 8 continuous weeks of treatment, 5 days a week, for a total of 180 minutes, including muscle stretching, joint range increase with passive and active assisted mobilization sessions of the scapulohumeral and pelvic girdles. Motor coordination exercises. Postural exercises with exercises for trunk control in sitting and standing positions with feedback and feed-forward techniques. gait training; gait training; proprioceptive exercises and exercises to maintain static and dynamic balance in monopodalica; strengthening of trunk muscles; postural exercises, muscle relaxation/stretching, release of the tracks; re-education in postural passages and transfers with fall prevention strategies.
This study will test whether taking BGB-30813 alone or with tislelizumab can help treat patients with cancer that has spread throughout the body or is locally advanced. The two main goals of the study are to ensure that the treatments are safe by monitoring side effects and to determine the number of participants who respond well to treatment either partially or completely. The combination of BGB-30813 with other drugs that target immune checkpoints may work together to stop or prevent cancer activity.

Approximately 191 participants will participate. In the first part of the study, participants will be given different doses of BGB-30813 either alone or with tislelizumab to find the dose that is best tolerated. BGB-30813 will be given orally and tislelizumab will be given through a vein. In the second part of the study, the selected dose of BGB-30813, either alone or with tislelizumab, will be given to a larger number of participants from different parts of the world to see if the treatments can improve the signs and symptoms of their cancer. Treatments will continue until participants are no longer considered to be receiving benefits, have unacceptable side effects, or withdraw consent.
Sepsis is a lethal clinical syndrome, and acute lung injury (ALI) is the earliest and most serious complication. We aimed to explore the role of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) in sepsis-induced dysfunction of lung microvascular endothelial barrier in vivo and in vitro to elucidate its potential mechanism related to sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) signaling. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) were used in this study. Histopathological changes in lung tissues were tested by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Lung wet-to-dry weight ratio and inflammatory factors contents in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assessed. Evens blue index, trans-epithelial electrical resistance, and expression of zona occludens 1 (ZO-1), occludin-1, and claudin-1 were used to evaluate alveolar barrier integrity. Reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis markers were analyzed. Iron deposition in the lung tissues was assessed using Prussian blue staining. Intracellular Fe 2+ level was detected using FerroOrange staining. Additionally, expression of GDF11, SIRT1, and NOX4 was estimated with western blot. Then, EX527, a SIRT1 inhibitor, was employed to treat GDF11-overexpressed PMECs with LPS stimulation to clarify the regulatory mechanism. Results showed that GDF11 overexpression attenuated sepsis-induced pathological changes and inflammation and maintained alveolar barrier integrity. Moreover, GDF11 overexpression inhibited ferroptosis, upregulated SIRT1 expression and downregulated NOX4 expression. Additionally, EX527 treatment relieved the impacts of GDF11 overexpression on ferroptosis and destruction of integrity of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells exposed to LPS. Taken together, GDF11 overexpression could alleviate sepsis-induced lung microvascular endothelial barrier damage by activating SIRT1/NOX4 signaling to inhibit ferroptosis. Our findings potentially provide new molecular target for clinical therapy of ALI.
Patients will begin taking Olaparib at the assigned dose three days prior to their first Cetuximab infusion. Patients will receive an initial dose of Cetuximab, 400 mg/m², intravenously over 120 minutes on Day 1. The initial dose of C225 will precede the start of radiation by 5-7 days. All patients will receive RT to a total dose of 69.3 Gy in 33 fractions over 6½ weeks. Weekly C225 will be administered at 250 mg/m2 in combination with daily RT. Patients will be assigned to receive Olaparib (25, 50, 100 or 200 mg bid) in combination with RT and C225. Olaparib will be taken twice daily, beginning three days prior to first scheduled C225 infusion. A further dose level of 300mg or 400mg may be considered should the 200mg Olaparib dose be well tolerated in this C225/RT combination schedule.
The methods and materials described herein provide novel and simple procedures for the preparation of nano/macroporous glasses, in which the pore structure is characterized by interconnected pores of, e.g. both hundreds of micrometers and several to tens of nanometers in size. Such materials may be used for enhanced bone regeneration, bioscaffolds, drug delivery devices, and filtration media, among other uses. For example, silica-based bone tissue scaffolds are made with a controlled nano/macroporosity, which enhances bone regeneration performance. Also provided herein are new biocompatible CaO—Na2O—P2O5—SiO2 glasses prepared by thermal melt-quench methods that result in spinodal phase separation and crystallization of phases at very different length scales. Selective chemical leaching of these phases causes formation of interconnected multi-modal porosity, with pore sizes ranging from several nanometers to tens of micrometers.
A stabilized aqueous dentifrice composition capable of producing or, in the presence of saliva, leading to the production of antimicrobially effective concentrations of hypothiocyanite ions (OSCN-) are herein described. The composition contains both an oxidoreductase enzyme and its specific substrate, for the purpose of producing hydrogen peroxide of at least the minimum effective concentration. The aqueous dentifrice compositions of the present invention can be stabilized against premature enzyme/substrate interaction by controlling the level of dissolved oxygen in the aqueous dentifrice carrier. Optionally, a peroxidase enzyme may be included to act upon the aforementioned hydrogen peroxide, thereby oxidizing salivary thiocyanate ions to produce the antimicrobial concentrations of hypothiocyanite ions (OSCN-). Optionally, thiocyanate ions may also be included in the compositions of this invention in an amount sufficient, together with the other inventive ingredients, to produce in excess of about 100 micromoles/liter/minute of hypothiocyanite ions during use. The amount of water contained in dentifrice compositions is not important to the stability of the composition, provided that the level of oxygen is kept in control. The method of making the dentifrice composition to contain minimal amounts of oxygen is also disclosed
75 people that meet the inclusion criteria on screening test are assigned to one of three groups by randomization. They take the medication for four weeks under doubleblind. Two study groups take cetylpyridinium chloride of 1.5mg, 4.5mg daily for four weeks. Control group takes the placebo for the same period. The main outcome variables are measured and compared respectively in baseline, immediately after dosing end and two weeks, four weeks after the end of administration. Finally cetylpyridinium chloride is verified whether it has a preventive effect on sarcopenia and set an appropriate dose.
Programmed cell death is a major life activity of both normal development and disease. Necroptosis is early recognized as a caspase-independent form of programmed cell death followed obviously inflammation. Apoptosis is a gradually recognized mode of cell death that is characterized by a special morphological changes and unique caspase-dependent biological process. Ferroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagy are recently identified non-apoptotic regulated cell death that each has its own characteristics. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a kind of nonselective calcium-permeable cation channel, which is received more and more attention in biology studies. It is widely expressed in human tissues and mainly located on the membrane of cells. Several researchers have identified that the influx Ca2+ from TRPV4 acts as a key role in the loss of cells by apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagy via mediating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress and inflammation. This effect is bad for the normal function of organs on the one hand, on the other hand, it is benefit for anticancer activities. In this review, we will summarize the current discovery on the role and impact of TRPV4 in these programmed cell death pathological mechanisms to provide a new prospect of gene therapeutic target of related diseases.
Data sources of use for this study are: Medicare Database, Optum Database, and MarketScan Research Database. All data from years 2014-2020 will be included in the study.

This study follows a sequential cohort monitoring design. The monitoring analysis will include 1) retrospective analysis of available data (2015-2017) at the time of first analysis (January 2021) and 2) prospective analysis of new data (2018-2020) as they become available to the researchers. Within each database, we will emulate biannual updating of data by creating a propensity score (PS)-matched cohort of new users every 6-month interval, beginning on the first marketing of ARNI (July 7, 2015-December 31, 2015, and 6-month intervals afterwards). Each sequential cohort will be followed for development of the outcomes of interest. Outcome analysis will be performed at a pre-specified 6-month interval (prospective analysis). The surveillance will be performed by frailty status (frail vs non-frail) at the time of drug initiation. The results from each database will be pooled using fixed-effects meta-analysis (assuming low heterogeneity across the databases).
Among the 355 patients who received ROZLYTREK, increased AST of any grade occurred in 42% of patients and increased ALT of any grade occurred in 36%. Grade 3 – 4 increased AST or ALT occurred in 2.5% and 2.8% of patients, respectively; the incidence may be underestimated as 4.5% of patients had no post-treatment liver function tests [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. The median time to onset of increased AST was 2 weeks (range: 1 day to 29.5 months). The median time to onset of increased ALT was 2 weeks (range: 1 day to 9.2 months). Increased AST or ALT leading to dose interruptions or reductions occurred in 0.8% and 0.8% of patients, respectively. ROZLYTREK was discontinued due to increased AST or ALT in 0.8% patients.

Monitor liver tests, including ALT and AST, every 2 weeks during the first month of treatment, then monthly thereafter, and as clinically indicated. Withhold or permanently discontinue ROZLYTREK based on the severity. If withheld, resume ROZLYTREK at the same or reduced dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.7)].