anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Adequate middle ear (ME) pressure-regulation, defined as the maintenance of a total ME pressure at approximately ambient levels, is required for normal hearing and to preserve ME health. The mechanism of ME pressure-regulation consists of two distinct components that affect total ME gas pressure: the bolus, total gradient driven exchange of gases between the ME and nasopharynx during active, transient Eustachian tube (ET) openings and the passive, partial-pressure gradient driven diffusive exchange of gases between the ME cavity and adjacent compartments. A large number of past studies have described the basic physiology of gas transfers through the ET in humans, but few have explored the possibility that physiological feedback mechanisms could modulate ET functional efficiency. However, there is an anatomic foundation to support feedback modulation of ET function and the results for some experiments in animals lend credibility to that possibility. Theoretically, the sensory components of possible feedback pathways could consist of stretch sensors in the tympanic membrane (TM; detecting position) and tensor tympani muscle (detecting tension) and/or chemo- (detecting gas pressures)/ baro- (detecting total pressure) receptors in the ME mucosa and effector components consisting of resting Tensor Veli Palatini muscle (mTVP) tonus and/or the extant ET periluminal pressure.

In this study, we explore 3 hypothesized stimulus-effector pairings in 10 otherwise healthy adult subjects with no history of significant ME disease and normal audiologic testing. Custom ear plugs will be made for use in Visits 2-6. The protocol includes 1 screening visit and 3 experiments requiring 5 experimental sessions of approximately 3-5 hours duration each done at a minimum interval of 2 days. Briefly, in Experiment 1 (Visit 2), ear canal pressure will be varied to change the position of the TM while simultaneously monitoring mTVP tonus by electromyography (EMG). Then, a unilateral ventilation tube (VT) inserted into the TM to allow access to the ME cavity. For Experiment 2, (Visits 3-5), the ME will be washed with physiologic, hypercarbic, and hyperoxic gas compositions (reference ME normal) while monitoring the ET periluminal tissue pressures measured as the ET resistance to gas flow. For Experiment 3 (Visit 6), total ME pressure will be varied while monitoring mTVP tonus by EMG. At the completion of Experiment 3, the VT will be removed and, then, the subjects will be followed weekly (Visits 7+) until documented healing of the TM at which time a standard audiologic assessment will be done. If the hypotheses are supported, selected activation of the feedback mechanisms would improve ET function and could be exploited as one component of a treatment protocol to improve ME pressure-regulation.
Patients with an established diagnosis of OSA with apnea/hypopnea-index (AHI)\< 20/ hour sleep from the ENT department are recruited and informed about the study. After obtaining informed consent and patient inclusion, a baseline portable sleep monitoring at home using WatchPAT™300 for one night is performed. During the next visit the objective size and position of the stent is determined under direct visualization using fiberoptic nasolaryngoscopy. Subsequently, the patients will receive a Nastent® Starter kit (containing 6 different stent sizes of Nastent®, 130, 135, 140, 145, 150 and 155mm) to gradually get accustomed to the stent and to find the right size for them. During the following consultation, a Nastent® classic kit (containing 7 stents of the same size, each can be used for two consecutive nights) is given to the patients to be used for 14 consecutive nights. During the last night of this 14-night period, a follow-up home portable sleep monitoring evaluation using WatchPAT™300 is performed with Nastent® in situ. Afterwards, during the final visit at the outpatient clinic, acceptance of the therapy with Nastent® by the patients is evaluated, and the decision of whether to continue the therapy and to proceed to the purchase of this product as a long-term treatment for the patient or not, is made.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a bactericidal composition containing a halogenated phthalaldehyde, and to provide a method for using the composition for disinfection or pasteurization.  <P>SOLUTION: The bactericidal composition contains a specified diluent and a specified bactericidal compound having chemical formula 1 (X is a specified halogen). The method comprises using the composition for sterilization, the disinfection, and the pasteurization. The composition contains, for example, the compound in a specified amount effective for sterilizing at least 1×10<SP>6</SP>counts of Mycobacterium terrae bacilli when contacting with the composition at a specified temperature of 20°C within 1 hr according to a specified bacteria suspension testing. The compound has, as another example, a specified dyeing characteristic lower than a dyeing characteristic of phthalaldehyde.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
Manganese is an important cofactor for numerous biological processes, including defense against reactive oxygen species. A common genetic variant in the manganese transporter SLC39A8 (p.Ala391Thr) has been associated with lower blood levels of manganese and with increases in markers of liver cell damage. Whether the variant confers an increased risk of liver disease is unclear. We tested the association of this variant with biochemical, imaging, and clinical hepatic traits and outcomes in large general population cohorts totaling up to one million individuals, including 991 cases with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 7191 cases with cirrhosis. We found that the Thr-allele of p.Ala391Thr was associated with slightly higher plasma alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, markedly higher corrected T1 on hepatic magnetic resonance imaging, a presumed marker of liver inflammation, and with lower hepatic computed tomography attenuation. However, the variant was not associated with hepatic fat content or with the risk of HCC or cirrhosis. In conclusion, SLC39A8 p.Ala391Thr is associated with biochemical and imaging markers of hepatic inflammation, but the variant does not confer a higher risk of chronic liver disease. We hypothesize that the associations with hepatic imaging traits are due to lower hepatic manganese levels in carriers of the variant. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 41, 591-596. [Figure: see text].
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma management is a challenge in clinical setting, as the heterogeneity of conditions due to the molecular complexity of DLBCL may limit treatment response. Other major factor is that in Brazil we lack evidence of treatment response profiling regarding this molecular complexity. To know the epidemiological profile of DLBCL, together with the first-line treatment profile that has been adopted in reference centers, as well as the management of relapsing, is essentially important in generating evidence that add up to actions targeting the improvement of patient care, providing them with better treatments. The Brazilian reality of clinical presentation, management profile, employed treatments and response rate is little known. Considering the Brazilian reality of a continental country, where healthcare services in reference centers present heterogeneous realities, analyzing clinical routine data may generate important evidence (RWE) to comprise the understanding on treatments effectiveness. Generated evidence has the potential to help understanding the reality of Brazilian patients, as well as supporting new regional researches.
The application belongs to the technical field of medicines, and particularly relates to an application of a pseudo-ginseng extract. The application discloses application of a pseudo-ginseng extract in preparing a medicament for regulating intestinal immune homeostasis, treating inflammatory bowel disease and maintaining the ratio balance of helper T cells 17/regulatory T cells. The application discloses a medicine for treating inflammatory bowel diseases, which comprises a pseudo-ginseng extract shown in a formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials. The application discloses a medicine for regulating intestinal immune homeostasis, which comprises a pseudo-ginseng extract shown in a formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials. The application discloses a medicine for maintaining the proportion balance of helper T cells 17 and regulatory T cells, which comprises a pseudo-ginseng extract shown in a formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials. The application provides application of a panax notoginseng extract and discloses application of the panax notoginseng extract in maintaining Th17/Treg balance and regulating intestinal immune homeostasis.
The present invention comprises an analog of the CA1A2X motif of the protein Ras that is modified by farnesylation in vivo. This CA1A2X analog inhibits the farnesyl-protein transferase and the farnesylation of certain proteins. Furthermore, this CA1A2X analog differs from most compounds previously described as inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase in that it does not have a thiol moiety. The lack of the thiol offers unique advantages in terms of improved pharmacokinetic behavior in animals, prevention of thiol-dependent chemical reactions, such as rapid autoxidation and disulfide formation with endogenous thiols, and reduced systemic toxicity. The compound of the instant invention also incorporates a cyclic amine moiety in the A1 position of the motif. Further contained in this invention are chemotherapeutic compositions containing this farnesyl transferase inhibitor and methods for its production.
FIELD: organic chemistry of natural compounds, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to new cytotoxic diterpene alkaloids of formulas (I)   or (II)   wherein R 1  is hydrogen atom, lower alkyl or lower alkanoyl; R 2  is hydrogen atom, lower alkyl; R 3  is alkyl comprising one or more isoprene residues; R 4  and R 5  mean hydrogen atom or lower alkyl; R 6  is lower alkyl; X means fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, lower alkyl or lower alkanoyl (branched or unbranched). Compounds of formulas (I) and (II) are isolated from sponge Raspalia sp. by extraction followed by chromatography using suitable solvent and eluting agent. EFFECT: improved preparing method, valuable medicinal properties of alkaloids. 10 cl, 3 tbl, 1 ex
Evidence on the importance of rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) in processing emotions is accumulating. The focus of this systematic review is the outcomes of experimental REMS deprivation (REMSD), which is the most common method in animal models and human studies on REMSD. This review revealed that variations in the applied REMSD methods were substantial. Animal models used longer deprivation protocols compared with studies in humans, which mostly reported acute deprivation effects after one night. Studies on animal models showed that REMSD causes aggressive behavior, increased pain sensitivity, reduced sexual behavior, and compromised consolidation of fear memories. Animal models also revealed that REMSD during critical developmental periods elicits lasting consequences on affective-related behavior. The few human studies revealed increases in pain sensitivity and suggest stronger consolidation of emotional memories after REMSD. As pharmacological interventions (such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]) may suppress REMS for long periods, there is a clear gap in knowledge regarding the effects and mechanisms of chronic REMS suppression in humans.
Palifermin 60 µg/kg plus placebo to match the total volume equivalent to a 180 µg/kg dose on the 3 days prior to fractionated total body irradiation (fTBI) and palifermin 60 µg/kg on Days 0, 1 and 2 after peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (PBPC). Participants also received conditioning therapy with fTBI and cyclophosphamide/etoposide prior to PBPC transplantation on Day 0.
Healthcare hygiene plays a crucial role in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. Patients admitted to a room where the previous occupant had a multi-drug-resistant bacterial infection are at an increased risk of colonization and infection with the same organism. A 2006 systematic review by Kramer et al. found that certain pathogens can survive for months on dry surfaces. The aim of this review is to update Kramer et al.'s previous review and provide contemporary data on the survival of pathogens relevant to the healthcare environment. We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL and Scopus databases for studies that described the survival time of common nosocomial pathogens in the environment. Pathogens included in the review were bacterial, viral, and fungal. Studies were independently screened against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria by two researchers. Conflicts were resolved by one of two senior researchers. A spreadsheet was developed for the data extraction. The search identified 1736 studies. Following removal of duplicates and application of the search criteria, the synthesis of results from 62 included studies were included. 117 organisms were reported. The longest surviving organism reported was Klebsiella pneumoniae which was found to have persisted for 600 days. Common pathogens of concern to infection prevention and control, can survive or persist on inanimate surfaces for months. This data supports the need for a risk-based approach to cleaning and disinfection practices, accompanied by appropriate training, audit and feedback which are proven to be effective when adopted in a 'bundle' approach.
Acute urticaria (hives) is a common skin disease. The prevalence of acute urticaria in life is about 15 to 20% in the general population. It is responsible for a frequent use of emergency departments (ED). The usual treatment is based on early administration of an association of antihistamines and corticosteroid. The therapeutic efficacy of corticosteroids has never been established by high evidence studies. However, corticosteroids are frequently used. When stopped, corticosteroids could promote the occurence of urticaria recurrences, and a transition to chronic urticaria. In addition, corticosteroids may be rarely responsible for gastrointestinal bleeding, hypertension and diabetes.
The invention provides a method of identifying anti-nematode compounds and further provides transgenic nematodes that may be used to practice the method. In particular, the invention provides a screen for compounds that inhibit a nematode secretion pathway e.g, compounds that inhibit the secretion of proteins by nematodes. The transgenic nematodes express reporters for nematode secreted proteins. In preferred embodiments of the invention the screen is performed using  C. elegans , i.e., certain embodiments of the invention utilize  C. elegans  and  C. elegans  secretory pathways as a model system for parasitic nematodes and parasitic nematode secretion pathways. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions that may be used in the treatment and prevention of nematode infection in humans and animals and anti-nematode agents that may be used to protect plants from plant-parasitic nematodes. In addition, the invention provides a genetic screen for identifying additional targets for anti-nematode compounds.
NEW MATERIAL:The compound of formulaI(R is methyl or phenyl) or its acid addition salt. EXAMPLE:(5-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methyl 6-[(hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl) methyleenamino]penicillanate hydrochloride. USE:Remedy for infectious diseases. It has excellent absorbability in the living body by oral administration, can be converted to the compound of formula II  rapidly in blood exhibiting strong antibacterial activity, and is low toxic. PROCESS:The objective compound of formulaIcan be prepared by reacting the novel compound of formula III or its salt with chloro-N,N-hexamethylene forminimium chloride. The compound of formulaIand its salt are useful as prodrug of mecillinam of formula II. The novel compound of formula III can be obtained by reacting 6-aminopenicillanic acid and its salt with the novel compound of formula IV (X is halogen).
Patients enrolled in the study will undergo image-guided, intensity-modulated radiotherapy using the same equipment, techniques, and treatment-planning procedures as currently practiced as MSKCC. MSKCC patients will have the option of continued follow-up through MSKCC's established Prostate Survivorship Clinic for an indefinite period of time, meaning patients enrolled in the protocol will be encouraged to remain at MSKCC for life-long follow-up after their treatment. The standard assessments obtained in the Survivorship Clinic will not be altered. All protocol relevant data collected at these visits through month 60 will be used for protocol analysis.
NEW MATERIAL:A compound expressed by formula I [X and Y are RCO- (R is 1-4C alkyl) or H, except that X and Y are simultaneously H]. EXAMPLE:3-O-acetyl-SF2587 substance. USE:A carcinostatic agent. PREPARATION:The SF2587 substance expressed by formula II is reacted with an acylating agent (e.g. acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride or valeryl chloride) preferably at -10 to +100 deg.C. Furthermore, the presence of a base is required for the acylating reaction. In the case of a monoacylated substance, sodium acetate is used. In the case of a diacylated substance, pyridine, dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, etc., are used.
Riluzole Oral Soluble Film (ROSF) 50 mg will be administered in subjects with ALS twice daily. It is intended that at least five (5) of the twenty-five (25) subjects enrolled will be subjects scoring greater than 20 on the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) (representative of ALS patients reporting moderate swallowing impairments in a patient report validated scale).
Participants on the waitlist condition will be assessed at baseline and symptoms monitored at 10 weeks, 20 weeks and 8 months following baseline assessment. They will then be offered the active treatment.
Sepsis, the dysregulated immune response of the host to infections, leads to numerous complications, including multiple organ dysfunction with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) being a frequent complication associated with increased risk of mortality and the progression toward chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several mechanisms have been widely investigated in understanding the complex pathophysiology of SA-AKI, including hemodynamic alterations, inflammation, oxidative stress, and direct cellular injury driven by pathogens or cell-derived products (pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns). Despite advancements in the management of septic patients, the prognosis of SA-AKI patients remains significantly poor and is associated with high in-hospital mortality and adverse long-term outcomes. Therefore, recent research has focused on the early identification of specific SA-AKI endotypes and subphenotypes through epigenetic analysis and the use of potential biomarkers, either alone or in combination with clinical data, to improve prognosis. Epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA modulation, is crucial in modulating gene expression in response to stress and renal injury in SA-AKI. At the same time, these modifications are dynamic and reversible processes that can alter gene expression in several pathways implicated in the context of SA-AKI, including inflammation, immune response, and tolerance status. In addition, specific epigenetic modifications may exacerbate renal damage by causing persistent inflammation or cellular metabolic reprogramming, leading to progression toward CKD. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the epigenetic characteristics that define SA-AKI, also exploring targeted therapies that can improve patient outcomes and limit the chronic progression of this syndrome.
Goserelin 3.6 mg depot injection will be administered subcutaneously every month along with standard chemotherapy regimen: AC-P: Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 IV plus cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for four cycles, followed by paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 by 1 hour infusion every week for 12 weeks. Each cycle is 21 days.
The BAILAMOS™ @home/en casa dance program is provided twice weekly for 24 weeks. Each month a new dance style is introduced by a professional dance instructor.
The invention provides a method of topically treating a dermatological disorder. The method includes topically applying a therapeutically effective amount of a cosmetic or dermatological composition to an affected area of the skin. The composition includes at least one compound that is (i) a polyhydroxy-aldonic acid, (ii) a polyhydroxy-aldonic lactone, (iii) a polyhydroxy-alduronic acid, (iv) a polyhydroxy-alduronic lactone, (v) a polyhydroxy-aldaric acid; (vi) a polyhydroxy-aldaric lactone, and (vii) an organic acid lactone having two or more hydroxyl or ketohydroxyl groups. The dermatological disorder treated is one associated with reactive or dilated blood vessels. Also included in the invention are methods of treating dermatological disorders associated with reactive blood vessels that include topical application of a therapeutically effective amount of a composition. The composition includes at least one compound selected from a compound represented by formula (I), by formula (II) and by formula (III), and a lactone derived from an organic acid having two or more hydroxyl or ketohydroxyl groups.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Table 1 lists adverse reactions that occurred in placebo-controlled clinical trials in patients who took at least 1 dose of study drug. Only treatment-emergent adverse reactions that occurred at a frequency of 2% or more in any group treated with sumatriptan tablets and that occurred at a frequency greater than the placebo group are included in Table 1.

Table 1. Adverse Reactions Reported by at Least 2% of Patients Treated with Sumatriptan Tablets and at a Greater Frequency than Placebo

The incidence of adverse reactions in controlled clinical trials was not affected by gender or age of the patients. There were insufficient data to assess the impact of race on the incidence of adverse reactions.
Anthracyclines belong to a class of anti-tumor antibiotics, and their severe cardiotoxicity significantly limits their clinical use. Exosomes play key roles in intercellular communication, characterized by high biocompatibility and specific tissue and organ homing effects. In this study, doxorubicin, an anthracycline anticancer drug widely used in clinical chemotherapy, was selected as a model drug. To address the significant cardiotoxicity associated with doxorubicin, tumor exosomes are utilized as drug carriers. The homing effect of autologous exosomes enhances drug uptake by tumor cells and reduces cardiotoxicity. To enhance the stability of exosomes, improve therapeutic effectiveness, and reduce toxic side effects, chitosan was utilized to modify the surface of exosomes. Chitosan has a specific anti-tumor effect because it can target the CD44 receptor of tumor stem cells and interact with tumor cells through charge adsorption. Through in vitro cell experiments, in vivo pharmacokinetic experiments, and an in situ ectopic nude mouse tumor model, the study demonstrated that chitosan-modified tumor exosomes significantly alleviated the severe cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin, while also showing remarkable anti-tumor efficacy. This study introduces a novel approach to reduce the adverse side effects of anthracycline chemotherapeutic drugs and presents a highly promising nanocarrier delivery system.