anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic stem cells surrender organelles during differentiation, leaving mature red blood cells (RBC) devoid of transcriptional machinery and mitochondria. The resultant absence of cellular repair capacity limits RBC circulatory longevity, and old cells are removed from circulation. The specific age-dependent alterations required for this apparently targeted removal of RBC, however, remain elusive. Here, we assessed the function of Piezo1, a stretch-activated transmembrane cation channel, within subpopulations of RBC isolated based on physical properties associated with aging. We subsequently investigated the potential role of Piezo1 in RBC removal, using pharmacological and mechanobiological approaches. Dense (old) RBC were separated from whole blood using differential density centrifugation. Tolerance of RBC to mechanical forces within the physiological range was assessed on single-cell and cell population levels. Expression and function of Piezo1 were investigated in separated RBC populations by monitoring accumulation of cytosolic Ca2+ and changes in cell morphology in response to pharmacological Piezo1 stimulation and in response to physical forces. Despite decreased Piezo1 activity with increasing cell age, tolerance to prolonged Piezo1 stimulation declined sharply in older RBC, precipitating lysis. Cell lysis was immediately preceded by an acute reversal of density. We propose a Piezo1-dependent mechanism by which RBC may be removed from circulation: Upon adherence of these RBC to other tissues, they are uniquely exposed to prolonged mechanical forces. The resultant sustained activation of Piezo1 leads to a net influx of Ca2+, overpowering the Ca2+-removal capacity of specifically old RBC, which leads to reversal of ion gradients, dysregulated cell hydration, and ultimately osmotic lysis.
Stroke often causes long-term motor and somatosensory impairments. Motor planning and tactile perception rely on spatial body representations. However, the link between altered spatial body representations, motor deficit and tactile spatial coding remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between motor deficits and alterations of anatomical (body) and tactile spatial representations of the hand in 20 post-stroke patients with upper limb hemiparesis. Anatomical and tactile spatial representations were assessed from 10 targets (nails and knuckles) respectively cued verbally by their anatomical name or using tactile stimulations. Two distance metrics (hand width and finger length) and two structural measures (relative organization of targets positions and angular deviation of fingers from their physical posture) were computed and compared to clinical assessments, normative data and lesions sites. Over half of the patients had altered anatomical and/or tactile spatial representations. Metrics of tactile and anatomical representations showed common variations, where a wider hand representation was linked to more severe motor deficits. In contrast, alterations in structural measures were not concomitantly observed in tactile and anatomical representations and did not correlate with clinical assessments. Finally, a preliminary analysis showed that specific alterations in tactile structural measures were associated with dorsolateral prefrontal stroke lesions. This study reveals shared and distinct characteristics of anatomical and tactile hand spatial representations, reflecting different mechanisms that can be affected differently after stroke: metrics and location of tactile and anatomical representations were partially shared while the structural measures of tactile and anatomical representations had distinct characteristics.
Stroke is predominantly a condition of older age. So, it seems sensible that specialists working in stroke services should understand the primary clinical syndrome of ageing-frailty. Recent studies have highlighted the prevalence of frailty in stroke and its associated poor outcomes, yet frailty does not feature prominently in stroke research, practice or policy. Frailty-informed stroke care may differ from the interventional management that dominates contemporary practice. However, this is not therapeutic nihilism. A person-centred approach ensures that every care decision is appropriate and based on a shared understanding of the person's goals and likely prognosis. We present a primer on frailty in stroke, describing definition(s), epidemiology and prognostic implications. We discuss the challenges surrounding assessment and management of frailty in stroke units and offer practical guidance suitable for the stroke clinician.
At completion of sling placement in the operating room, the bladder will be filled retrograde via a cystoscope with 300 mL sterile saline or water to inspect for bladder perforation. The cystoscope is removed and the foley catheter is replaced for the duration of the surgery and when complete the patient is transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit. Once she is able to ambulate, she will undergo a retrograde bladder fill with 300 mL of normal saline. The foley catheter will be removed and she will be instructed to void. The voided volume and residual volume will be recorded.
This testing is performed during a right heart catheterization procedure which provides hemodynamic measurements (pressure and blood flow) in addition to the echocardiography measurements. With this method, more echo images and measurements are taken. The final pump speed and medical treatment adjustments are made using the hemodynamic measurements as well as the information from the echo. This test will take about 1 hour and 45 minutes.
Subjects will receive intralesional PV-10 to all Study Lesions on study Day 1. PV-10 should be re-administered at 28-day intervals until complete response, disease progression or study termination occurs.
The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes after guided periapical endodontic surgery versus conventional endodontic surgery. Patients having mandibular posterior teeth indicated for endodontic surgery will be selected. Full medical and dental history will be obtained from all patients. Patients will be randomly assigned to either guided endodontic surgery or conventional endodontic surgery. Surgical procedures will be done under magnification. Root-end cavities will be filled using MTA.Post surgical instrucions will be given to patients. Surgical time will be recorded. Clinical and radiographic success will be asses at 6 and 12 month.
Obesity is a global health concern and a chronic disease that is accompanied by excessive fat storage in adipose and nonadipose tissues. An increase in the body-mass index (BMI) is directly proportional to the 2- to 3.9-fold increase in all-cause mortality in obesity. If left untreated for a longer period, obesity-related metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and malignant diseases reduce life expectancy. Currently, most of the anti-obesity drugs have failed and fallen into disrepute, either due to their ineffectiveness or adverse effects. In this review, depending on their enhanced pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles, whether nanocarriers alter the basic properties and bioactivity of anti-obesity drugs used in clinical practice are debated. First, nanocarriers can improve the safety of still-used anti-obesity drugs by lowering their systemic toxicity through increasing targeting efficacy and preventing drug carrier toxicity. Second, when the micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs), which are aberrantly expressed in obesity and obesity-related diseases, are encapsulated into nanoparticles, they are effective in multiple obesity-related metabolic pathways and gene networks. Finally, a synergistic anti-obesity effect with low dose and low toxicity can be obtained with the combinatory therapy applied by encapsulating the anti-obesity drug and gene in the same nanocarrier delivery vehicle.
BACKGROUND: Bladder diaries represent a fundamental component in the assessment of patients presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms. Nevertheless, their importance often remains underappreciated and undervalued within clinical practice. This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive review of the existing literature concerning the utility of bladder diaries, underscore the criticality of their precision, elucidate the factors contributing to noncompliance with bladder diary completion, and investigate potential strategies for enhancing patient compliance.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the English-language scientific literature available in the domains of Medline, Embase, Emcare, Midirs, and Cinahl was conducted. This was supplemented by discussion at the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society Proposal session to define knowledge and identify gaps in knowledge surrounding the utility of bladder diaries. The existing evidence and outcome of the relevant discussion held in the meeting are presented.
RESULTS: Bladder diaries (BD) serve to characterize the nature and severity of storage lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and provide an objective record of an individual's urination patterns. They aid in the refinement and customization of treatment strategies based on the clinical responses documented in the diary, optimizing treatment outcomes. Notably, both BD and urodynamic studies (UDS) play complementary yet distinct roles in LUTS evaluation. BD offers a more comprehensive and accessible approach to assessing specific storage LUTS, particularly due to their affordability and widespread availability, especially in resource-limited settings. Nevertheless, the absence of a standardized BD format across global healthcare systems presents a significant challenge. Despite being recognized as reliable, noninvasive, validated, and cost-effective tools for evaluating patients with LUTS, the implementation and completion of BD have proven to be complex. The introduction of automated bladder diaries heralds an era of precise, real-time data collection, potentially enhancing the patient-clinician relationship. Completion of bladder diaries depends on an array of individual, social, and healthcare-specific factors. Compliance with bladder diary completion could be enhanced with clear instructions, patient education, regular follow-ups and positive re-enforcement. This study has identified four critical areas for future research: Addressing healthcare disparities between affluent and developing nations, enhancing the current functionality and effectiveness of bladder diaries, exploring the feasibility of incorporating bladder diaries into the treatment and education process and improving the quality and functionality of existing bladder diaries.
CONCLUSION: Bladder diaries play a pivotal role in the evaluation and management of patients with LUTS, providing a holistic perspective. When their complete potential is harnessed, they have the capacity to revolutionize the paradigm of LUTS management, ushering in a patient-centered era of care.
Innate immune parameters, a first line of defense against invading pathogens like bacteria, parasites, fungi, etc, play a significant role in the prevention and elimination of aetiological agents primarily by recognition of invading pathogen-specific molecules by different pattern recognition receptors. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a type-I transmembrane glycoprotein, cause innate immune responses mainly by produing inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and interferons. The objective of present study was to determine the role of TLRs in parasite resistance in Malpura sheep. In the current study, transcript variation of TLRs and its downstream signalling molecules namely MyD88, TRIF, IRF-3, TRAF, TGF-β, NFκB, and CD14 were ascertained by real-time PCR in Haemonchus contortus resistant (R) and susceptible (S) Malpura sheep. Results have shown significantly (P<0.05) up-regulated expression of TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-5, TLR-8 and TLR-10 in July however down-regulated patterns were observed in August and September in R-line sheep compared to S-line sheep. This indicates that at more or less equal parasite load, the TLR genes in R sheep produce more transcripts, but after parasite loads have increased hugely in the S line, they easily surpass the levels seen in the S line. Result suggests that transcriptional activity of the TLR genes was related to parasite load and there were differences between the lines at different infection intensities. Three-point transcript expression observation of the signalling molecules namely TRIF, IRF-3, TRAF, a similar pattern was observed in R sheep compared with S sheep.
Cohort 2 included participants with incident SGLT2i exposure during the study period regardless of prior or concurrent exposure to one or more additional AHA therapy. New users are defined as participants whose first exposure to SGLT2i medication occurs \>= 365 days after their start of observation in the database with no prior exposure to the same AHA medication class in the prior 365 days.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a blood sugar level rise inhibitor that is orally taken/ingested daily and readily, has no adverse effect and is highly safe.  <P>SOLUTION: The blood sugar level rise inhibitor comprises syrup of sweet sake. The food, beverage or seasoning having inhibitory action on blood sugar level rise comprises the blood sugar level rise inhibitor. Boiled sweet sake may be cited as the representative example of the syrup of sweet sake. The blood sugar level rise inhibitor is orally taken/ingested and the blood sugar level rise inhibitor is usefully added to a food, a beverage or seasoning.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
The Office of Transformative Global Health at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), with funding provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), has developed and will be implementing a three year anti-stigma study. This project is a randomized control study which compares the effectiveness of an anti-stigma intervention in three Toronto community health centres. Six centres were selected and randomized so that three receive the intervention and the other three do not. The goal is to determine if the intervention impacts service providers' attitudes and behaviours towards people with mental health problems and addictions. Additionally, the study measures client's perceptions of stigma in order to see if they believe stigma has been reduced or eliminated. The interventions incorporate the following components: innovative contact-based training, raising awareness, recovery-based arts, and a thorough analysis of each centre's policies and procedures.

Innovative contact-based training utilizes an adult education model and focuses on the results of a preliminary situational assessment conducted at each site. Emphasis is placed on concurrent disorders, cultural issues, and inter-professional collaboration. Four three-hour workshops were held at each intervention CHC throughout the project period and included a needs-based curriculum, contact-based education to reduce prejudice and social intolerance, and culturally competent care for vulnerable populations. Raising awareness includes various forms of media such as posters to increase awareness about stigma.

Recovery-based arts was geared towards a local team of leaders who selected one art form for their CHC and were taught by an art expert. Approximately ten service users with a mental health and/or substance abuse problem were invited to participate along with three staff members. After 10 bi-weekly art workshops, staff and clients will showcase their work at each CHC. Finally, an analysis of policies and procedures have been conducted by research staff. This determines what already exists and using an anti-stigma/pro-recovery approach to identify strengths and areas for improvement. Program and policies were studied to identify unintended positive and negative impacts using a modified version of the Health Equity Assessment Tool. Features of the Quality Rights Tool Kit were also used. Recommendations from this process will be developed and shared with each CHC.
Application of luteolin as a food nutrient for inhibiting ochratoxin A nephrotoxicity is provided. LUT exerts its preventive effect by restoring cell viability and preventing LDH release. It reduces OTA-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by reducing ROS accumulation, improving mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and restoring antioxidant enzyme activity to a control level. The regulation and control functions of Nrf2 and HIF-1 alpha in the process are analyzed and evaluated through a cellular immunofluorescence experiment, a reporter gene plasmid transfection experiment and a fluorescent quantitative PCR reaction. The results indicate that LUT activates Nrf2 pathway, improving the cells' ability to defend against oxidative damage caused by OTA. In addition, LUTs promote post-injury repair of cells by regulating the HIF-1 α pathway, initiating angiogenic and epithelial repair processes. The invention discloses that the LUT as a flavonoid dietary supplement has good application potential in the aspect of inhibiting OTA and other mycotoxins, and can be developed into food nutrients for inhibiting OTA nephrotoxicity, thereby expanding the application of the LUT.
BACKGROUND: Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) is a rare and extraordinarily penetrant childhood-onset cancer predisposition syndrome. Genetic diagnosis is often hampered by the identification of mismatch repair (MMR) variants of unknown significance and difficulties in PMS2 analysis, the most frequently mutated gene in CMMRD. We present the validation of a robust functional tool for CMMRD diagnosis and the characterization of microsatellite instability (MSI) patterns in blood and tumors.
METHODS: The highly sensitive assessment of MSI (hs-MSI) was tested on a blinded cohort of 66 blood samples and 24 CMMRD tumor samples. Hs-MSI scores were compared with low-pass genomic instability scores (LOGIC/MMRDness). The correlation of hs-MSI scores in blood with age of cancer onset and the distribution of insertion-deletion (indel) variants in microsatellites were analyzed in a series of 169 individuals (n = 68 CMMRD, n = 124 non-CMMRD).
RESULTS: Hs-MSI achieved high accuracy in the identification of CMMRD in blood (sensitivity 98.5% and specificity 100%) and detected MSI in CMMRD-associated tumors. Hs-MSI had a strong positive correlation with whole low-pass genomic instability LOGIC scores (r = 0.89, P = 2.2e-15 in blood and r = 0.82, P = 7e-3 in tumors). Indel distribution identified PMS2 pathogenic variant (PV) carriers from other biallelic MMR gene PV carriers with an accuracy of 0.997. Higher hs-MSI scores correlated with younger age at diagnosis of the first tumor (r = -0.43, P = 0.011).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms the accuracy of the hs-MSI assay as ancillary testing for CMMRD diagnosis, which can also characterize MSI patterns in CMMRD-associated cancers. Hs-MSI is a powerful tool to pinpoint PMS2 as the affected germline gene and thus potentially personalize cancer risk.
INTRODUCTION: Bloodstream infections (BSI) due to ESKAPEEc pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli), cause significant mobility and mortality worldwide and are among the most common healthcare associated infections. Rising rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in India are alarming, because of the high infection rates and poor control of antibiotic use. This single-centre, retrospective study was undertaken to identify the patterns of distribution and antimicrobial resistance of ESKAPEEc pathogens in bloodstream infections.
METHODOLOGY: Blood samples from patients with suspected BSI were cultured and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on automated systems (BD Bactec Fx/BactAlert 3D and Vitek2). The microbiological data on bacterial BSI was retrieved from the laboratory records and antimicrobial resistance profiles were analysed.
RESULTS: 10.7% of the blood culture samples showed bacterial growth during the study period (adult > paediatric and intensive care unit (ICU) > ward > outpatient department (OPD)). E. coli (24%) and K. pneumoniae (20.5%) were the predominant species isolated, followed by S. aureus (9.5%) and A. baumanni (9%). High rates of resistance to third generation cephalosporins, β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (BL-BLI) and carbapenems was observed, in Gram-negative isolates, especially from ICU patients. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates increased from 67% to 88% over the five-year period. Vancomycin-resistance among Enterococcus isolates also escalated to 40% in 2022 with 11% linezolid resistance.
CONCLUSION: The study revealed that more than 77% of bloodstream infections were caused by ESKAPEEc pathogens, with high rates of resistance to most antimicrobials. This reinforces the importance of monitoring the frequency of bacteria and antibiograms in individual treatment and hospital infection control programs.
The aim of regenerative medicine is to repair damaged tissue using different sources of autologous or heterologous stem cells. These cells are then cultured to achieve amplification and differentiation adapted to the cell type of the organ to be repaired. These methods are potentially effective, but involve risks and limitations, in particular the risks of genetic modifications during culture or contamination by residual ES or iPS cells. Immunosuppressive treatment is also necessary if the source of stem cells is allogeneic. Finally, implantation of this type of culture may also be unsuccessful.

Our team is seeking for an alternative strategy to these methods. This relies on the presence of a niche of foetal cells transferred during pregnancy that persist after delivery. In fact, all mammalian pregnancies lead to foetal-maternal cell transfer. The foetal cells -transferred to the maternal circulation- contain different types of stem cells that will remain in the maternal bone marrow and persist there for the rest of the mother's life. The team has shown that in the event of cutaneous wounds in post-gestational mice, a population of CD11b+ CD34+ CD31+ foetal progenitors was recruited from the maternal bone marrow to the cutaneous granulation tissue. These cells over-express the chemokine receptor CCR2 compared with their adult counterparts. Consequently, the injection of low, so-called physiological, doses of the CCL2 chemokine subcutaneously into wounds accelerates normal wound healing and restores delayed healing in two pathological models. This pro-healing activity is linked to the specific recruitment of foetal stem cells to the site of injected wounds. These low doses of CCL2 never affected wound healing in virgin mice, confirming that this type of treatment does not alter the homeostasis of adult cells.

The therapeutic strategy the investigators are proposing, entitled "natural stem therapy", is based on this reservoir of foetal stem cells present in every woman who has had at least one pregnancy, i.e. more than 60% of adult women in western countries. In order to test the validity of this concept, it is important to ascertain the pathways by which foetal cells are chemoattracted in the human species, in particular the CCR2/CCL2 pathway.