anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from intact healthy skin. The extent of percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids is determined by many factors, including the product formulation and the integrity of the epidermal barrier. Occlusion, inflammation, and/or other disease processes in the skin may increase percutaneous absorption. The use of pharmacodynamic endpoints for assessing the systemic exposure of topical corticosteroids may be necessary due to the fact that circulating levels are often below the level of detection. Once absorbed through the skin, topical corticosteroids are metabolized primarily in the liver and are then excreted by the kidneys. Some corticosteroids and their metabolites are also excreted in the bile. 

Following twice-daily application of clobetasol propionate emulsion foam for one week to 32 adult subjects with mild to moderate plaque-type psoriasis, mean peak plasma concentrations (±SD) of 59 ± 36 pg/mL of clobetasol were observed at around 5 hours post dose on Day 8.
Major depression is a type of depression that can interfere with the ability to work, study, sleep, eat, and enjoy once pleasurable activities. Because people often develop resistances to medications used to treat depression, new treatments are needed. Decreased electrical activity in the prefrontal region of the brain has been linked to some symptoms of depression. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can be used to influence the brain's electrical activity. This procedure entails attaching electrodes to the head and using a device to pass magnetic energy through coils and into the brain. rTMS has been shown to have antidepressant effects in depressed individuals. However, optimal levels of intensity and treatment duration have yet to be determined. This study will assess the safety and effectiveness of rTMS on the prefrontal region of the brain in depressed adults with moderate treatment resistance.

The treatment phase of this double-blind study will last a minimum of 32 weeks and will consist of 3 phases. In Phase I, participants will be randomly assigned to receive either rTMS or sham stimulation. The sham stimulation will mimic the sensation of rTMS but will not induce an intracerebral current. Treatments will be administered daily for 3 weeks. Participants who show signs of improvement may continue Phase I for up to 3 additional weeks. In Phase II, participants who were unresponsive to Phase I treatment will receive daily rTMS at a lower dose for 3 weeks. Participants who show signs of improvement, but have not achieved remission, may continue Phase II for 4 additional weeks. Baseline magnetic resonance images will be used to determine the optimal stimulus intensity by adjusting for individual differences in cortical to skull distances. Phase III participants will be only those who achieved remission in the first 2 phases. These participants will receive antidepressant medication treatment daily for six months. Participants' functional status and symptoms of depression will be measured using self-report scales and video-recorded interviews at study start date and at the end of each treatment phase.
Prolonged and abnormal scarring after trauma, burns and surgical procedures often results in functional and cosmetic deformities. A wide variety of treatments have been advocated for pathologic scars regression. Unfortunately, the reported efficacy has been variable.Unfocused extracorporeal shock wave therapy is a feasible and non-intensive treatment. And it is an emerging option for the treatment of painful and retracting scars.

Administration of ESWT appears to result in significant improvements in scar clinical appearance, mobility and subjective pain. Clinical data were mirrored by histologic changes in connective tissue appearance and scar vascularization. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy is also an effective and conservative treatment for patients with aesthetic and functional sequela from burn scars. It is a feasible, cost-effective, well-tolerated treatment that can be used in the management of post-burn pathologic scars after the patients are briefed on the practical aspects of the treatment procedure.
BACKGROUND: Due to the high mortality and disability rate of intracranial hemorrhage, headache is not the main focus of research on cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM), so research on headaches in AVM is still scarce, and the clinical understanding is shallow. This study aims to delineate the risk factors associated with headaches in AVM and to compare the effectiveness of various intervention treatments versus conservative treatment in alleviating headache symptoms.
METHODS: This study conducted a retrospective analysis of AVMs who were treated in our institution from August 2011 to December 2021. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the risk factors for headaches in AVMs with unruptured, non-epileptic. Additionally, the effectiveness of different intervention treatments compared to conservative management in alleviating headaches was evaluated through propensity score matching (PSM).
RESULTS: A total of 946 patients were included in the analysis of risk factors for headaches. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that female (OR 1.532, 95% CI 1.173-2.001, p = 0.002), supply artery dilatation (OR 1.423, 95% CI 1.082-1.872, p = 0.012), and occipital lobe (OR 1.785, 95% CI 1.307-2.439, p < 0.001) as independent risk factors for the occurrence of headaches. There were 443 AVMs with headache symptoms. After propensity score matching, the microsurgery group (OR 7.27, 95% CI 2.82-18.7 p < 0.001), stereotactic radiosurgery group(OR 9.46, 95% CI 2.26-39.6, p = 0.002), and multimodality treatment group (OR 8.34 95% CI 2.87-24.3, p < 0.001) demonstrate significant headache relief compared to the conservative group. However, there was no significant difference between the embolization group (OR 2.24 95% CI 0.88-5.69, p = 0.091) and the conservative group.
CONCLUSIONS: This study identified potential risk factors for headaches in AVMs and found that microsurgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, and multimodal therapy had significant benefits in headache relief compared to conservative treatment. These findings provide important guidance for clinicians when developing treatment options that can help improve overall treatment outcomes and quality of life for patients.
PURPOSE:To obtain a hair removing material applicable on skin sites from which one wants to remove the hair without spoiling the hand(s) or clothing, capable of simply removing hair by only peeling off, and giving no pain or skin injury when peeling off hair. CONSTITUTION:This hair removing material can be obtained by providing one side of a substrate with a hair remover-contg. layer adjusted pH to 10-13.5 composed of (A) 100 pts.wt. of at least one kind of polymer selected from a group of carboxyvinyl polymers, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt, hydroxyethy cellulose, methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer and isobutylene-maleic andydride copolymer, (B) 150-1500 pts.wt. of water, (C) 10-300 pts.wt. of a hair remover selected from thioglycolic acid (salts thereof) and metal sulfides (e.g. Sr2S, Na2S) and (D) 10-300 pts.wt. of urea. As the component D, 0.2-5 pts.wt. of monothanolamine or 1-100 pts.wt. of sodium iodide may be used in place of 10-300 pts.wt. of the urea.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We compared the oncologic outcomes of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUBRT) using sterile water vs glycine irrigation. The tumoricidal and immunogenic effects of these solutions on urothelial cancer cell lines were investigated.
METHODS: The medical records of 530 consecutive patients who underwent TURBT using sterile water or glycine irrigation for NMIBC were reviewed. Recurrence and progression rates were evaluated using time dependent analyses.Bladder cancer cell lines (RT4, T24 and 5637) were treated with glycine and sterile water. Cell viability was evaluated with the XTT assay. Cell membrane calreticulin levels were evaluated with flow cytometry. Extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and heat shock 70 (HSP70) protein levels were evaluated using western blots.
KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: After propensity score matching each study arm comprised 161 patients. Median follow-up was 13.6 months (IQR 6.2, 24.5). The 2-year recurrence free survival was significantly lower in the sterile water vs glycine group (43% vs 71%, respectively, p<0.0001). Similarly, the 2-years progression free survival was significantly lower in the sterile water vs glycine group (85% vs 94%, respectively, p<0.014). Sterile water treatment resulted in the lowest number of viable cells. Early and late immunogenic cell death markers were markedly elevated in cells treated with glycine.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Sterile water compared to glycine irrigation during TURBT for NMIBC was associated with higher recurrence and progression rates. Possible explanation for these findings is the diminished immune response associated with sterile water reflected in a comparatively lesser expression of immune response inducers.
PATIENT SUMMARY: We compared two irrigation fluids in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer surgery: glycine and sterile water. Glycine outperformed sterile water in cancer recurrence, possibly boosting immunogenicity over sterile water.
Patients receive oral 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) once daily. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of LEVAQUIN® and other antibacterial drugs, LEVAQUIN® should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.

LEVAQUIN® Tablets/Injection and Oral Solution are indicated for the treatment of adults (≥18 years of age) with mild, moderate, and severe infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the conditions listed in this section. LEVAQUIN® Injection is indicated when intravenous administration offers a route of administration advantageous to the patient (e.g., patient cannot tolerate an oral dosage form).

Culture and susceptibility testing

Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing the infection and to determine their susceptibility to levofloxacin [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.4)]. Therapy with LEVAQUIN® may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once results become available, appropriate therapy should be selected.

As with other drugs in this class, some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa may develop resistance fairly rapidly during treatment with LEVAQUIN®. Culture and susceptibility testing performed periodically during therapy will provide information about the continued susceptibility of the pathogens to the antimicrobial agent and also the possible emergence of bacterial resistance.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare the subject cosmetic containing the fibroblast collagen production-stimulating substance and an epidermal cell ceramide synthesis- stimulating substance and excellent in a skin ageing-preventing effect. SOLUTION: This skin cosmetic contains (A) a fibroblast collagen production- stimulating substance and (B)0 an epidermal cell ceramide synthesis-stimulating substance. The component A preferably comprises one or more kinds of compounds selected from the group consisting of serine (derivatives) and ethanolamine (derivatives) or one or more kinds of substances selected from the group consisting of a silk fiber sulfuric acid hydrolyzate having a mol.wt. of <=500, silicic acid-related substances and their salts. The component B preferably comprises one or more kinds of compounds selected from the group of nicotinic acid (derivatives) or one or more kinds of compounds selected from the group of nicotinyl alcohol (salts). Thereby, the cosmetic can enhance the rotation of collagen metabolism and activate the synthesis of the ceramide to give the objective effect.
Low-risk patients with viral pneumonia do not benefit from and may be harmed by antibiotic therapy. In this study, an alert will appear in the electronic health record of patients undergoing molecular diagnostic testing for respiratory symptoms that provides options for diagnostic testing based on pre-test probability of bacterial infection. Patients with test results suggesting possible viral infection will be randomized to either usual care or to receive test results along with structured guidance from antimicrobial stewardship to consider discontinuing or de-escalating antibiotics. This guidance, which will include an explicit calculation of the post-test probability of bacterial infection based on considering risk factors, vital signs, symptoms, and available imaging, will be communicated to the primary care team via direct electronic message and a summary note in the patient's chart. The final decision on whether to continue antibiotic therapy will be up to the primary team. The primary outcome of interest will be in-hospital antibiotic use. Safety outcomes will include length of stay, readmissions, hospital-free days, and mortality.
This is a randomized controlled trial with a two group parallel design that will compare the initial success rate of peripheral intravenous line (PIV) placement between the traditional, landmark approach versus ultrasound guided. Emergency department (ED) patients who are in a treatment room and require a PIV line are eligible for the study. For those who are eligible, the ED technician and an ED nurse will each complete a clinical data sheet that documents the degree of IV access difficulty.

For those who enroll, the research assistant (RA) will randomize the subject to one of two treatment groups: (1) ultrasound guided or; (2) landmark approach. The ED technician will perform the PIV placement based on the treatment group assigned through the randomization process. The RA will be present during the PIV placement and will ask the patient prior to the procedure about factors that may influence IV access (i.e. self-reported weight and height, presence of chronic conditions). The RA will also document the ED outcomes of the procedure (i.e. duration of procedure, success or failure, complications of procedure) and query the patient on the extent of discomfort associated with the procedure. Finally, for those subjects who are admitted to the hospital, a RA will conduct follow-up on the PIV line to determine how long it is used on the ward and the reason for taking it out (i.e. no longer needed, infection, infiltration, fell out, etc). It is hospital policy that PIV lines be changed every 72 hours to prevent infection so we anticipate that the maximum follow-up of each ED PIV line placed will be 72 hours.

There are two treatment groups, the ultrasound guided treatment group and the traditional, landmark group. For both treatment groups, a tourniquet will be placed above the upper extremity vein chosen for cannulation. For the landmark approach, the ED technician will use standard anatomical landmarks and palpation to puncture the skin and insert the IV line. If the patient is randomized to the ultrasound group, the operator will use ultrasound to help visualize the vein and direct line placement. When using ultrasound, the ED technicians will employ a one-person technique. For both treatment groups, if the first attempt fails, we will randomize the subject again to one of the two treatment arms. We are randomizing a second time because failure at first attempt is a good marker of the difficulty of the procedure. By randomizing a second time, we will be able to determine whether either method is superior after one failed attempt. After the second failed attempt, the ED technician can use whatever method he/she chooses to place the line.

Because of the nature of the intervention, this RCT is unblinded.
Chronic stress is a major precursor to various neuropsychiatric disorders and is linked with increased inflammation in the brain. However, the bidirectional association between inflammation and chronic stress has yet to be fully understood. Astrocytes are one of the key inflammatory regulators in the brain, and the morphological change in reactive astrocytes serves as an important indicator of inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the sex-specific astrocyte response to chronic stress or systemic inflammation in key brain regions associated with mood disorders. We conducted the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) paradigm to model chronic stress, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection to model systemic inflammation. To evaluate stress-induced morphological changes in astrocyte complexity, we measured GFAP fluorescent intensity for astrocyte expression, branch bifurcation by quantifying branch points and terminal points, branch arborization by conducting Sholl analysis, and calculated the ramification index. Our analysis indicated that chronic stress-induced morphological changes in astrocytes in all brain regions investigated. The effects of chronic stress were region and sex specific. Notably, females had greater stress or inflammation-induced astrocyte activation in the hypothalamus (HYPO), CA1, CA3, and amygdala (AMY) than males. These findings indicate that chronic stress induces astrocyte activation that may drive sex and region-specific effects in females, potentially contributing to sex-dependent mechanisms of disease.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an adhesive which has excellent adhesiveness, stickiness and medicine releasability and is used for transdermal preparations.  <P>SOLUTION: This adhesive for transdermal preparations comprises at least one substrate resin selected from the group consisting of polyethylenes, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, and amorphous polypropylenes, a tackifier, and a plasticizer. The transdermal preparation contains the adhesive for transdermal preparations as an adhesive component. Therein, the tackifier is preferably a petroleum resin, a terpenic resin, or a rosin-based resin. The plasticizer is preferably a polybutene, dibutyl phthalate or dioctyl phthalate.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Participants will attend four group-based expressive writing sessions led by a trained facilitator. All sessions will be delivered via videoconference. Sessions will occur weekly over the course of 4 consecutive weeks and will not exceed 60 minutes in length. Each session will include a 15- to 20-minute writing stint whereby participants are asked to write about their deepest thoughts and feelings regarding their loved one's cancer and their role as caregiver. All participants will be given a Rocketbook for this purpose, a spiral notebook that has the look and feel of a standard paper notebook but uses a pen with erasable ink. The writing stint will be followed by a group discussion; participants will be invited to share what they wrote about (if so desired) and their reactions to the writing process. Each session will end with a debriefing and erasure of the writing content just created. This will ensure privacy of the material and may be perceived as cleansing.
Subjects in IG2 will be given a animation video screening in a specific room. IG2 intervention is on two topics cover only. The animation educational video covers on the topic of effective toothbrushing technique and effects of sugary diet.
The present invention relates to ointment for treating wound sore and a preparation method thereof. Rosin, red lead, calomelas, borneol and bean oil which serve as raw materials are weighed according to a proportion. The calomelas and the borneol are ground into fine powder, and the rosin is put in a decocted container, and is melted by heating of fire. After the heating by fire stops, the vermilion, the red lead and the calomelas are added and are uniformly blended. Then, the container is reheated, bean oil is poured in until the boiling point and the heating by fire stops. The mixture is blended, and when temperature drops to 50 DEG C to 60 DEG C, the borneol is put in, and is uniformly blended to make the physic liquor. Next, the physic liquor is poured in cooling water of lower than 5 DEG C to solidify into paste. The paste is taken out from water, and is rubbed into strips and diced, and then, is put in cooling water and soaked for depyrotoxin; the strips and the blocks are taken out, the water content is dried, and the strips and the blocks are packaged in bags and sealed. The ointment of the present invention has the advantages of reasonable composition, easy preparation, conspicuous curative effect, low cost, no toxic side effect, strong adhesion after spreading, no slide, stagnation and convenient operation. Clinic use results for a plurality of years prove that the present invention can be used for treating various disease symptoms of sycosis, furuncle, superficial infection, subcutaneous nodule, multiple abscess, etc., and the total effective rate reaches more than 90%.
Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is an emerging treatment for patients with severe faecal incontinence when conservative measures fail and surgical repair is not indicated. In a minimally-invasive approach and under local anaesthesia, an electrode is placed around sacral nerve root S2-4 and electrical stimulation is applied to the sacral spinal nerves. Effectiveness of SNS is definitively not only explained by placebo effect but the pathophysiologic mechanisms remain unclear. Suggested pathways include modulation of afferent nerve fibres and direct stimulation of the pelvic floor and anal sphincter muscle. After placement of the electrode, the patient is stimulated by an external stimulator for 1-3 weeks. During this period, the patient documents the number of faecal incontinence episodes or urgencies in a symptom diary. By convention, indication for permanent stimulation is based on a 50% reduction in the number of episodes. After a successful testing period, the permanent stimulator is implanted, generally in the upper gluteal region.

Previous studies report success rates up to 80%. The only randomized trial with a proper sample size evaluated the efficacy of SNS after definite implantation. In this study, 63% of the patients felt improved during the placebo period and might not really benefit from the device. The real success rate of SNS is therefore likely to be considerably lower. Efficacy of SNS during the testing phase has never been assessed in a blinded randomized study.
PURPOSE:An immunoactivator comprising spermidine or its salt as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION:An immunoactivator comprising spermidine shown by the formula or its salt (e.g., a salt between an inorganic salt such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc. or a salt between an organic acid such as citric acid, tartaric acid, etc.) as an active ingredient. It raises immune of organism by activating the substitute path of inhibition complement system of inhibitory cell, enhancing the production of interleukin 2, etc., and is effective for remedying various kinds of diseases (e.g., cancer, immunological incompetene, various kinds of infectious diseases, etc.) related to immune. A does is 0.03- 800mg/time, it is administered once daily or may be medicated several times depending upon symptoms. An injection, oral solid pharmaceutical preparation, or phamaceutical preparation of rectal suppository is used as a dasage form. The pharmaceutical preparation can be used alone or in combination with another drug(e.g., carcinostatic agent such as bleomycin, etc.)