anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
This is a multi-center, open-label (doctors and patients know which drug is being administered), Phase IIIb clinical trial to evaluate differences in effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of darunavir/ritonavir by sex and/or race over a 48-week treatment period. This study will be conducted in HIV positive women and men who have been treated previously with antiretroviral therapy. This study will enroll 70% women and will be conducted in the U.S., Puerto Rico, Mexico and Canada in approximately 420 patients who will receive darunavir 600 mg and ritonavir 100 mg twice daily. The primary objective of this study is to determine the percentage of patients who achieve virologic response, defined as a viral load (VL) of \<50 copies/mL at week 48. Secondary study objectives include comparisons of endpoints between women and men as well as race across multiple parameters including but not limited to change in CD4 count from baseline to week 48, time to loss of virologic response (TLOVR), changes in metabolic parameters (blood chemistry), etc.

Within 4 weeks after the Screening Visit (initial visit with investigator to determine eligibility), the Investigator should have received all data required to determine the patient's eligibility and will construct the individual Optimized Background Regimen (OBR) that will be used during the treatment period in combination with darunavir/ritonavir for those patients enrolled in the study. The OBR will consist of additional antiretroviral (ARV) agents that will also be administered during the study chosen by the Investigator and based on resistance testing and prior treatment history. The study Sponsor will provide the following ARV agents, that may be used as options for the OBR: TMC 125 (investigational non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI); Truvada (tenofovir/emtricitabine); Viread (tenofovir); Emtriva (emtricitabine); Zidovudine. Other NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) or NNRTIs may be used at the discretion of the Investigator, but will not be provided by the Sponsor. The Baseline Visit (Day 1) will be followed by a 48-week treatment period during which patients will be evaluated at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48 and at a final Follow-Up Visit during Week 52. (total of 10 visits from Screening to final visit). At a number of visits throughout the study, blood samples will be obtained to assess defined laboratory values, safety parameters and to determine concentrations of study drugs darunavir, TMC125 (if applicable) and ritonavir). Patients will be assessed for change in CD4 count and HIV-RNA throughout the study. At each visit, vital signs will be assessed and patients will be asked about any untoward medical occurrences and these will be recorded as adverse events (AEs) and/or HIV-related events. Detailed definitions and reporting procedures for AEs will be provided as part of the protocol. Study patients will receive PREZISTA (darunavir) 600 mg boosted with 100 mg of ritonavir orally (by mouth) twice a day in combination with other antiretroviral drugs for 48 weeks.
BACKGROUND: Although pain relief is a crucial component of modern obstetric care, it remains a poorly established service in sub-Saharan countries such as Kenya. Maternal health care providers have an extensive role to play in meeting the analgesic needs of women during childbirth. This study sought to examine the practice of labour pain relief among Kenyan maternal health care providers.
METHODS: This was an institution-based, cross-sectional, descriptive survey. The study included midwives, obstetricians, and anaesthesiologists (n = 120) working at the second-largest tertiary facility in Kenya. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was used. The labour pain relief practice, knowledge, attitude, and perceived barriers to labour pain management were described.
RESULTS: One hundred and seventeen respondents participated in the study representing a response rate of 97.5%. More than half of maternal health care providers routinely provided the service of labour pain relief (61.5%). Sixty-four (88.9%) respondents reported providing pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods, while 11.1% provided only pharmacological ones. The most common pharmacological method prescribed was non-opioids (12.8%). The most preferred non-pharmacological method of pain management was touch and massage (93.8%). Regional analgesia was provided by 3.4% of the respondents. More than half of the respondents (53%) had poor knowledge of labour pain relief methods. Almost all (94%) of the respondents had a positive attitude towards providing labour pain relief. Non-availability of drugs and equipment (58.1%), lack of clear protocols and guidelines (56.4%), and absence of adequate skilled personnel (55.6%) were reported as the health system factors that hinder the provision of labour analgesia.
CONCLUSIONS: More than half of maternal health care providers routinely relieve labour pain. Epidural analgesia is still relatively underutilized. There is a need to develop institutional labour pain management protocols to meet the analgesic needs of women during childbirth.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique which can stably compound phospholipid micro spheres in an emulsification system.  <P>SOLUTION: The subject skin care preparation for external use is characterized by containing (1) a polyglycerol fatty acid ester and (2) an N-acylglutamic acid diester. The polyglycerol constituting the polyglycerol fatty acid ester has preferably a glycerol polymerization degree of 5 to 15. The fatty acid residue is preferably lauric acid residue, myristic acid residue, palmitic acid residue, stearic acid residue, isostearic acid residue, or oleic acid residue. It is preferable to contain at least two polyglycerol fatty acid esters. The acyl group constituting the N-acylglutamic acid diester is preferably lauroyl group.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
A virusicidal agent contains a lower alcohol, and a lower carboxylic acid in the form of one of its physiologically acceptable salts. The carboxylic acid salt is a shalt of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, esp. a lactate. The salt is a sodium, potassium, ammonium, triethanol ammonium and/or tetrahydroxypropylethylene diammonium salt. The agent contains upto 5%, esp. 0.1-1% of the carboxylic acid salt and at least 70% of the alcohol. The alcohol is ethanol or 1-propanol and/or 2-propanol. The agent also contains dyestuffs, perfumes, and/or moisturising auxilliaries. USE/ADVANTAGE - The virusicidal agent is esp. suitable for use as a disinfectant for skin and hands and is well tolerated by the skin. The mixt. has an esp. high virusicidal effect.
Compositions and methods for destroying biological agents and toxins such as Aflatoxins, Botulinum toxins, and Clostridium perfrigens toxins are provided wherein the substance to be destroyed is contacted with a finely divided metal oxide nanocrystals. In various embodiments, the metal oxide nanocrystals have reactive atoms stabilized on their surfaces, species adsorbed on their surfaces, or are coated with a second metal oxide. The desired metal oxide nanocrystals can be pressed into pellets for use when a powder is not feasible. The methods of the invention are safe for humans, equipment, and the environment, and provide for decontamination of warfare sites, of equipment exposed to the contaminant, and of soil, water and air having been exposed to the contaminant. Preferred metal oxides for the methods include MgO, CaO, TiO2, ZrO2, FeO, V2O5, Mn2O3, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, Al2O3, ZnO and mixtures thereof. Preferred reactive atoms stabilized on the surfaces of the metal oxide nanocrystals include halogens and Group I metals, and preferred species stabilized on the surfaces of the metal oxide nanocrystals include SO2, NO2 and ozone.
Dental bleaching devices in the shape of a dental tray or tray-like form include an outer barrier layer and an inner bleaching layer. The bleaching layer comprises a substantially solid dental bleaching composition that has increased adhesiveness to teeth when moistened with saliva or water. The shape of the dental bleaching device facilitates placement of the device over a person's teeth with substantially less manipulation compared to the use of initially flat bleaching strips. The substantially solid dental bleaching composition becomes more adhesive when moistened with saliva or water, yet remains intact and coherent after the dental bleaching device is placed over a person's teeth during bleaching. The result is that the moistened dental bleaching composition is able to reliably adhere the dental bleaching device against a user's teeth during a bleaching procedure. However, because a substantial portion of the dental bleaching composition remains solid or semi-solid during bleaching, the bleaching composition maintains a substantial portion of its adhesive properties and internal cohesive strength.
1. Technical Result Increase in stability of dosage forms and their instant melting in the mouth.          2. Essence A composition in addition to one or more medicaments, comprises excipient combination consisting of a superdisintegrant, a dispersing agent, a distributing agent, and a binder and may also include other conventional ingredients such as sweetening agents. Dosage forms, especially tablets, prepared therefrom on conventional equipment disintegrate in the mouth in under about twenty five seconds.         3. Field of Application Medicine.
Phase I, 6 weeks: Intensive weight loss forty-two obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired fasting glucose (FBS greater than 100 mg/dl) will be randomized to receive either an MCT-based or LCT-based liquid diet for a 6 week period (Phase I) to establish compliance followed by a second 6 week period (Phase II). These diets will be isocaloric (1083 kcal/day) and identical except for the quality of the fat . The intervention will be double blinded. The MCT diet will consist of 5 liquid meals using a commercial product (HMR 800 Health Management Resources, Inc.; 160 kcal/shake) plus 34 grams MCT oil (Life Enhancement Products, Inc. Petaluna, CA; 8.3 kcal/gm) added per day to the HMR shakes. The LCT diet will utilize 5 HMR shakes plus 31.5 grams LCT oil (corn oil; 9 kcal/gm) per day. Patients in both groups will be given a list of supplemental foods that are suitable for the study. They may choose to eat up to an additional 400 kcal per day from this list and will be asked to add these to their food records for monitoring of their caloric intake. A dietitian will instruct subjects at a baseline visit on behavior modification and a moderate physical activity program of walking for 30 minutes five times per week. Participants will complete food and exercise logs that will be analyzed by the study staff. Baseline testing includes the following: Body composition by DEXA (Hologic); Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsy; blood for CBC, basic metabolic panel, LFT, TSH, C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, insulin, lipids (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triacyglycerol), hemoglobin A1c, hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids, leptin, adiponectin, TNF-alpha, and PAI-1. For measuring dietary compliance throughout the entire study, three consecutive daily dietary records (two week day and one weekend day) will be analyzed each week by a registered dietitian using the Minnesota Nutrient Database. Subjects who do not lose 5% body weight by the end of Phase I will be withdrawn from the study. If subjects do not lose 5% in Phase I, they will be considered inappropriate for a liquid diet, and therefore for the study, and will be discontinued from the study.

Phase II, 6 weeks: Continued weight loss program During phase II, subjects will be maintained on the same diet, supplements and exercise program.Once patients enter Phase II, all baseline lab measurements will be repeated. Needle biopsies of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue will be obtained at the beginning and at at the end of Phase II. Finger-stick blood glucose levels will be checked weekly. At the end of Phase II, and of the study, the following data will be collected: Lab data: CBC, basic metabolic panel, LFT, TSH, C-reactive protein, fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipids (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triacyglycerol), HbA1c, hydroxybutyrate, FFA, leptin, adiponectin, TNF-alpha, and PAI-1 levels. At the end of Phase II, the following procedures will be performed: Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsy (total = 3) ;. Body composition by DEXA (Hologic) (total = 2).
In a computer-implemented method of optimizing a diagnostic test sequence to diagnose a medical condition of a subject. A group of diagnostic tests related to a symptom is determined from a pool of diagnostic tests. A probabilistic failure mode analysis is conducted to determine the efficacy of each of the diagnostic tests based on historical outcomes of actual diagnostic testing. The comparative utility of each diagnostic tests based on a plurality of factors that can affect problem resolution is analyzed. A weight is assigned to each factor involved in the probabilistic failure mode analysis. The diagnostic tests are ordered based upon at least one of: a probability of the diagnostic test identifying a cause of the failure mode in a minimum amount of time; a probability of the diagnostic test identifying the cause of the failure mode at a minimum cost; and a relative weighting of minimizing time versus minimizing cost. A first diagnostic test is selected from the group based at least in part on a probabilistic failure mode analysis and the weighted factors involved therein.
Fascial dehiscence is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. It occurs in more than 8.5% of high-risk patients. Current preventive measures described are control of risk factors and optimization of surgical technique. Despite that, the incidence of such complication remained stable in the last decades, highlighting the low efficacy of such measures. Polypropilene onlay mesh has been used to avoid incisional hernias in selected elective patients, and could be useful in the prevention of fascial dehiscence. In emergency situations, especially in contaminated and infected surgical procedures, safety and efficacy of mesh is controversial. In this study the investigators aimed to evaluate the influence of polypropilene prophylactic onlay mesh on the incidence of fascial dehiscence in high-risk patients undergoing midline emergency laparotomy. As secondary outcome, the associated morbidity, including surgical site occurence, will be analyzed. The study design will be a randomized controlled trial.
Histoplasmosis is a serious opportunistic infection in persons with AIDS that demonstrates an excellent response to antifungal therapy. However, until the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), patients with histoplasmosis required lifelong suppressive antifungal therapy. It is thought that immune reconstitution as a result of HAART may diminish the need for chronic therapy. Histoplasmosis offers an opportunity to examine the concept of discontinuation of maintenance therapy as it is rapidly diagnosed and effectively treated with itraconazole \[AS PER AMENDMENT 9/27/00: or other appropriate therapy for disseminated histoplasmosis\] should relapse occur.

Patients discontinue antifungal maintenance therapy. Patients are seen for routine visits every 8 weeks and urine and serum specimens are collected for real time Histoplasma antigen testing and immunologic parameters. Patients with suspected recurrence, as determined by clinical or routine laboratory findings consistent with recurrent histoplasmosis, are reevaluated within 1 week of onset of these findings. Patients with suspected recurrence based on a serum or urine Histoplasma antigen rise of 2 units or more, in the absence of clinical or routine laboratory findings consistent with histoplasmosis, are reevaluated within 2 weeks. All patients with suspected recurrence have more frequent evaluations and additional laboratory tests. Those with negative studies resume bimonthly follow-up. All patients who develop proven (positive culture or positive fungal stain of tissues or body fluids) or probable relapse (clinical findings of relapse with an increase in antigen of 4.1 units or more, or no clinical findings but increases in antigen levels on repeated testing with the most recent antigen test demonstrating an increase in antigen of 4.1 units or more) or who experience persistent reduction of CD4 cell count to below 100/mm3 have antifungal induction therapy reinstituted. Patients remain on study for at least 12 months with regular follow-up/evaluations.
BACKGROUND: Adipocyte FABP4 (fatty acid-binding protein 4) is augmented in the epicardial stroma of patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. Because this molecule is released mainly by adipocytes, our objective was to study its role in atrial cardiomyopathy, focusing our attention on fibrosis, metabolism, and electrophysiological changes. These results might clarify the role of adiposity as a mediator of atrial cardiomyopathy.
METHODS: We used several preclinical cellular models, epicardial and subcutaneous stroma primary cell cultures from patients undergoing open heart surgery, human atrial fibroblasts, atrial cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells and isolated from adult mice, and Nav1.5 transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. Fibrosis, glucose, mitochondrial and adipogenesis activity, gene expression, and proteomics were determined by wound healing, enzymatic, colorimetric, fluorescence assays, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and TripleTOF proteomics. Molecular changes were analyzed by Raman confocal microspectroscopy, calcium dynamics by confocal microscopy, and ion currents by patch clamp. Epicardial, subcutaneous, and atrial fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes were incubated with FABP4 at 100 ng/mL.
RESULTS: Our results showed that FABP4 induced fibrosis, glucose metabolism, and lipid accumulation on epicardial and subcutaneous stroma cells and atrial fibroblasts. Besides, it modified lipid content and calcium dynamics in atrial cardiomyocytes without effects on INa.
CONCLUSIONS: FABP4 exerts fibrotic and metabolic changes on epicardial stroma and modifies lipid content and calcium dynamic on atrial cardiomyocytes. These results suggest its possible role as an atrial cardiomyopathy mediator.
Pneumonia remains a worldwide health problem with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Identification of microbial pathogens which cause pneumonia is an important area for optimum clinical management of pneumonia patients and is a big challenge for conventional microbiological methods. The development and implementation of molecular diagnostic tests for pneumonia has been a major advance in the microbiological diagnosis of respiratory pathogens in recent years. Targeted antibiotic selection and more effective de-escalation and improved stewardship for pneumonia patients.

PCR is a simple, yet elegant, enzymatic assay, which allows for the amplification of a specific DNA fragment from a complex pool of DNA.. Only trace amounts of DNA are needed for PCR to generate enough copies to be analyzed using conventional laboratory methods. For this reason, PCR is a sensitive assay.

Each PCR assay requires the presence of template DNA, primers, nucleotides, and DNA polymerase .The DNA polymerase is the key enzyme that links individual nucleotides together to form the PCR product. The nucleotides include the four bases - adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine (A, T, C, G) - that are found in DNA. These act as the building blocks that are used by the DNA polymerase to create the resultant PCR product. The primers in the reaction specify the exact DNA product to be amplified. The primers are short DNA fragments with a defined sequence complementary to the target DNA that is to be detected and amplified. These serve as an extension point for the DNA polymerase to build on.There are multiple advantages to PCR. First, it is a simple technique to understand and to use, a nd it produces results rapidly. It is a highly sensitive technique with the potential to produce millions to billions of copies of a specific product for sequencing, cloning, and analysis. Although PCR is a valuable technique, it does have limitations. Because PCR is a highly sensitive technique, any form of contamination of the sample by even trace amounts of DNA can produce misleading results . In addition, in order to design primers for PCR, some prior sequence data is needed. Therefore, PCR can only be used to identify the presence or absence of a known pathogen or gene
BACKGROUND: Conducting a study in rural pre-dominant areas will help to understand the penetration of the vaccination campaign during the COVID-19 health crisis. This study aimed to investigate vaccination coverage against COVID-19 among the rural adult population in India and to identify factors associated with vaccination coverage.
METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the rural population in one district of north India from January to February 2023. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed on the SurveyMonkey digital platform for interviewing the participants, which consisted of questions related to socio-demographic profile, health problems, vaccination status, types of vaccine, re-infection after vaccination, and functional difficulties. The data regarding infection with COVID-19 was collected based on self-reported positive testing for SARS-CoV 2 on RT-PCR.
FINDINGS: A total of 3700 eligible individuals were enumerated for the survey, out of which 2954 (79.8%) were interviewed. The infection rate of past COVID-19 infection, based on self-report of testing positive, was 6.2% (95%CI: 5.3-7.1). Covishield vaccine was received by most participants (81.3%, 2380) followed by Covaxin (12.3%, 361) and Pfizer manufactured vaccine (0.03,1). The coverage for first, second, and booster doses of the vaccine was 98.2% (2902), 94.8% (2802), and 10.7% (315) respectively. The risk of reinfection at 12 months or more among participants with two doses of vaccine was 1.6% (46/2802, 95%CI: 1.2-2.1). The coverage among those with severe functional difficulties was lesser as compared to those with some or no difficulties.
INTERPRETATION: Vaccination coverage against COVID-19 in rural Haryana, India is not dependent on factors like gender or occupation but is dependent on age and education. Although the full and partial vaccination coverage is high, the booster dose coverage is poor. In addition, the presence of severe disability was significantly associated with reduced vaccination coverage.
This will be for 30 days. Participants will be allocated to the 15-day strategy preferentially until enrollment goals have been met; once completing the 15-day strategy, many participants will also be eligible to complete the 150-day strategy, and may subsequently enroll in it if they wish. Participants that are not eligible for the 15-day strategy, but are eligible for the 150-day strategy, will be enrolled in the 150-day strategy.