anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: Pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) is the mainstay of treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), reducing the risk of severe vision loss. Pain poses a potential obstacle to effective laser delivery and patient compliance. Therefore, implementing pain relief strategies can enhance both treatment efficacy and patient comfort.
DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that enrolled patients undergoing PRP due to DR and compared analgesics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) to placebo. Pain was evaluated with the visual analogue scale. The version 2 of the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias in Randomized Controlled Trials tool and its version for crossover trials were used to assess the risk of bias. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool was used to measure the certainty of evidence.
RESULTS: A total of 13 studies were included, comprising 1404 eyes from RCTs, nine of which were crossover. Patients who were administered analgesia reported a significantly lower pain sensitivity compared to those who received placebo (Standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.58, -0.17; P < .01; I2 = 69%). Subgroup analysis of systemic administration of analgesics/NSAIDs (metamizole, Entonox, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, caffeine, mefenamic acid, intramuscular ketorolac tromethamine, and potassium diclofenac) also showed a statistically significant reduction in pain when compared to placebo (SMD -0.28; 95% CI -0.50, -0.07; P < .01; I2 = 43%). Exclusive eye drops administration (ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% and sodium diclofenac 0.1%) also showed a significant difference in pain sensitivity (SMD -0.46; 95% CI -0.88, -0.05; I2 = 83%), however with a more significant heterogeneity.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this meta-analysis including over 1000 patients demonstrated that the use of analgesics significantly reduced pain sensitivity during PRP, and systemic analgesia is potentially better than topical administration when compared to placebo.
PURPOSE: To obtain a hair conditioning composition having a good conditioning characteristic and transparent by containing a cationic surfactant and a highly alkoxylated anionic surfactant. CONSTITUTION: This hair conditioning composition contains 0.1-90wt.% in total of at least one kind of a cationic surfactant (e.g.; cetyltrimethylammonium chloride) and at least one kind of a highly alkoxylated anionic surfactant (e.g.; laurylether sodium sulfate). The cationic surfactant and anionic surfactant are formulated by (0.5:1) molar ratio. The anionic surfactant contains at least 5-6 ethylene oxide or propylene oxide residues in one molecule. The hair conditioner imparts a smoothness and/or a softness to a hair, improves the running of a comb through hair in the state of a wet or a dry condition, prevents static electricity and is transparent.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than one in ten people worldwide. However, results from the REVEAL-CKD study suggest that it is often not diagnosed. Many patients are therefore unaware that they have CKD, putting them at increased risk of disease progression and complications. Empowering patients with knowledge about CKD will allow them to become active participants in their own care, driving improvements in diagnosis rates and changing patient outcomes for the better. In this article, we provide patient and clinician perspectives on the importance of early CKD diagnosis and management. We present an overview of the tests commonly used to diagnose CKD in clinical practice, as well as actionable suggestions for patients, clinicians, and health policymakers that could help improve disease detection and treatment. Navdeep Tangri, a nephrologist and epidemiologist at the University of Manitoba, and Jane DeMeis, a patient living with chronic kidney disease, discuss how results from the REVEAL-CKD study highlight the need for change to improve management of chronic kidney disease. Video Abstract (MP4 141866 KB).
Risk Summary

Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)], LORBRENA can cause embryo-fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no available data on LORBRENA use in pregnant women. Administration of lorlatinib to pregnant rats and rabbits by oral gavage during the period of organogenesis resulted in malformations, increased post-implantation loss, and abortion at maternal exposures that were equal to or less than the human exposure at the recommended dose of 100 mg once daily based on AUC (see Data). Advise a pregnant woman of the potential risk to a fetus.

In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies are 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

Preliminary embryo-fetal development studies investigating the administration of lorlatinib during the period of organogenesis were conducted in rats and rabbits. In rabbits, lorlatinib administration resulted in abortion and total loss of pregnancy at doses of 15 mg/kg (approximately 3 times the human exposure at the recommended dose of 100 mg) or greater. At a dose of 4 mg/kg (approximately 0.6 times the human exposure at the recommended dose of 100 mg) toxicities included increased post-implantation loss and malformations including rotated limbs, malformed kidneys, domed head, high arched palate, and dilation of the cerebral ventricles. In rats, administration of lorlatinib resulted in total loss of pregnancy at doses of 4 mg/kg (approximately 5 times the human exposure at the recommended dose of 100 mg) or greater. At a dose of 1 mg/kg (approximately equal to the human exposure at the recommended dose of 100 mg) there was increased post-implantation loss, decreased fetal body weight, and malformations including gastroschisis, rotated limbs, supernumerary digits, and vessel abnormalities.
This is a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) designed study evaluating the implementation of the Nurse Education and Support Team (NEST) Program for postpartum women who reside in 5 rural counties (Davie, Davidson, Yadkin, Wilkes and Stokes counties) in North Carolina. The study cohort will be for all mothers residing in these rural counties and delivering their infant(s) in the Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Birth Center. It is anticipated that 1,300 mother-infant dyads will be enrolled and randomized to either usual care \[visit 4-6 weeks postpartum\] (\~650) or NEST-Rural care (\~650).

The NEST model is unique in that it supports both maternal and infant health, with an emphasis on using strategies aligned with evidence-based guidelines for postpartum and infant healthcare. Another important feature of NEST is integration of service delivery in the healthcare system. This integration facilitates reaching mother-infant dyads and bi-directional communication with the mother's and infant's healthcare providers to enable appropriate, timely healthcare. For example, as part of NEST, mothers are discharged from the hospital with a remote blood pressure monitor. Blood pressures are transmitted to a service hub through an app that is downloaded onto her phone prior to hospital discharge. The hub alerts the healthcare team, which follows-up with her to determine appropriate care.

Randomization to NEST-Rural services will include 3-5 nurse encounters with mothers and their infants in the postpartum period, postpartum remote blood pressure monitoring, breastfeeding support, infant weight checks, linking mothers and infants to needed social, behavioral, and health-related resources, and integration of service delivery with healthcare providers. Services will initiate in the postpartum hospital unit, with a NEST Coordinator introducing the program and identifying and making referrals and/or providing resources for emergent needs (e.g. pack-n-play, diapers), and offering and scheduling a follow-up nurse visit (home or telehealth-based, depending on needs) 2-3 weeks postpartum. Up to two additional nurse and/or social worker home/virtual visits will be provided, depending on the family's needs. At six weeks postpartum, the NEST Coordinator will contact the family to inquire whether any referrals were made and assess for continuing gaps in support. Following nurse encounters, a note will be sent to the mother's and infant's healthcare providers. If acute concerns are identified, the nurse will contact the provider immediately for additional care.
Treatment with probiotics can help manage chronic constipation by softening the stools and possibly acting synergistically with front-line treatments. We assessed the efficacy of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLa80 in maltodextrin as a food supplement in regulating the intestinal habit of subjects with chronic constipation with type 1 or 2 stools on the Bristol scale index and/or less than three stools per week. A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in subjects aged 18 and over with chronic constipation. The study enrolled forty-six subjects who were randomised one-to-one to receive the potential probiotic in maltodextrin (n = 23) or a placebo (n = 23). Investigators assessed changes in intestinal habits by analysing the mean number of weekly stools and the stool types according to the Bristol Scale. Patients reported constipation symptoms with PAC-SYM (patient assessment of constipation - symptoms), and the impact on quality of life with PAC-QoL (patient assessment of constipation - quality of life) and GI-QLI (gastrointestinal quality of life index). Patients on the intervention group showed a greater tendency to normalise the type of stools than those in the placebo group. This difference towards regular stool types (type 3 and 4) was statistically significant at weeks 8 and 12 relative to week 4 (P-values = 0.006 and 0.027, respectively). The proportion of constipated patients in the experimental group dropped over time, while the rate slightly increased in the placebo group in a statistically significant manner at week 12 relative to week 4 ( P = 0.037). Overall, the present study shows oral intake of B. animalis subsp. lactis BLa80 in maltodextrin for 12 weeks improves intestinal habits in subjects with chronic constipation. Our study provides evidence to the efficacy and safety use of this formulation as an effective tool for improving stool consistency in constipated patients. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05980988.
In a previous study, heart xenografts from 10-gene-edited pigs transplanted into two human decedents did not show evidence of acute-onset cellular- or antibody-mediated rejection. Here, to better understand the detailed molecular landscape following xenotransplantation, we carried out bulk and single-cell transcriptomics, lipidomics, proteomics and metabolomics on blood samples obtained from the transplanted decedents every 6 h, as well as histological and transcriptomic tissue profiling. We observed substantial early immune responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and xenograft tissue obtained from decedent 1 (male), associated with downstream T cell and natural killer cell activity. Longitudinal analyses indicated the presence of ischemia reperfusion injury, exacerbated by inadequate immunosuppression of T cells, consistent with previous findings of perioperative cardiac xenograft dysfunction in pig-to-nonhuman primate studies. Moreover, at 42 h after transplantation, substantial alterations in cellular metabolism and liver-damage pathways occurred, correlating with profound organ-wide physiological dysfunction. By contrast, relatively minor changes in RNA, protein, lipid and metabolism profiles were observed in decedent 2 (female) as compared to decedent 1. Overall, these multi-omics analyses delineate distinct responses to cardiac xenotransplantation in the two human decedents and reveal new insights into early molecular and immune responses after xenotransplantation. These findings may aid in the development of targeted therapeutic approaches to limit ischemia reperfusion injury-related phenotypes and improve outcomes.
Periodontal disease is one of the most common diseases in humans and is responsible for most of the tooth loss in adults. World health Organisation report of 2005 described that the global problem persisted with the worldwide oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss, oral mucosal lesions and oro-pharyngeal cancer. According to a local study the prevalence of periodontitis is found to be more in males of older age group and more in rural areas owing to the lack of awareness of importance of oral hygiene.

Apart from various conventional treatment option for periodontitis a number of herbal medicinal intervention have been used for its treatment. Plant extracts and herbs that have been used previously used for periodontal therapy include Salvadora persica, Arnica Montana and Hamamelis virginiana which have been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity against periodonto-pathic bacteria. Phytomedicines (Medicines derived from herbal plants) like indian gum arabic, aloe vera, nim, carvacrol, garlic, wild coffee and propolis resin have been used in dentistry as anti-inflammatory, antibiotics, analgesic and hypnotic agents. Propolis resin, guava and triphala have been also been used for the treatment of periodontitis
Learned about instrumental benefits such as the relationship between sitting and cardiovascular disease and absenteeism at work. Received intervention following measurements at baseline, week 4, and week 8.
IMMUNOASSAY FOR HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN            Abstract of the Disclosure An immunoassay for detecting and measuring hCG in a sample includes an antibody directed to the carboxy terminal portion of the .beta. subunit of hCG and a monoclonal antibody directed to a determinant on hCG at a locus sufficiently remote from the carboxy terminal portion of the .beta. subunit of hCG that both antibodies can simultaneously bind to hCG, wherein at least one of the antibodies is detectable when both are bound to hCG.     In a presently preferred embodiment, an immunoassay for hCG or hCG .beta. in urine includes a purified, labeled or detectable serum-derived antibody directed to the car-boxy-terminal portion of the .beta. subunit of hCG and a matrix-bound monoclonal antibody directed to a locus on the .beta.  subunit sufficiently remote from the carbox-terminal portion that both antibodies can simultaneously bind to hCG or hCG .beta..
Subjects randomized to EUS + ERCP with miES will undergo the procedure at the same time as endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), under sedation. Indomethacin (100 mg) will be administered rectally at the onset of the ERCP procedure in patients with no known allergy to indomethacin. The techniques used to perform the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)with miES (minor papilla endoscopic sphincterotomy) will be left to the discretion of the study endoscopist. The extent of sphincterotomy will be per the discretion of the treating endoscopist. Unless methylene blue (or similar chromoendoscopy agent such as indigo carmine) has already been used to facilitate minor papilla cannulation, diluted dye will be injected into the duodenum.
Patients receive temozolomide PO QD and triapine PO QD on days 1-5 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo MRI at screening and on study and undergo collection of blood samples on study.
In summary, in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as early phase clinical trial, have shown a promising role for both calcitriol and NSAIDs in the treatment of prostate cancer. Moreover, calcitriol and NSAIDs both exert their antiproliferative effect by decreasing prostaglandin levels, but they do so by different mechanisms. Thus, there is reason to believe that their combined effects on prostaglandins may be synergistic. Preliminary in vitro assays in which calcitriol is given in combination with one of two different NSAIDs (Naprosyn or sulindac) to LNCaP cell lines have indicated such synergy. This observation provides the rational for using them in combination for the treatment of prostate cancer. In addition, it is hoped that any synergy noted would allow for the use of lower doses of NSAIDs.
Refrigerated solvent is fed through a cooling jacket around an essential element extraction vessel. After circulating through the cooling jacket, the solvent is re-chilled and at least some of the solvent is passed into the extraction vessel, in which essential elements dissolve into the solvent. Downstream of the extraction vessel, after adsorbent media treatment, the extracted oil and solvent mixture is filtered, in a chilled state, through one or more filtration units.  A filtration unit may be a system of vertically oriented filters of decreasing pore size sealed and insulated from the atmosphere. Pressurized gas is used to force the oil and solvent through the filters.  Each filter stage has a removable lid, which provides convenient access for replacing the filter cartridge without disturbing the thermally insulated sidewalls of the filter stage.
Active dampening of the inflammatory response may be an important therapeutic target to decrease complications and improve recovery following esophagectomy. The current study is intended to evaluate the feasibility and safety of stimulating the exposed nerves in esophagectomy patients.

During minimally invasive esophagectomy, a neurovascular bundle (NVB) is exposed or partially exposed as part of the obligatory lymph node dissection. At the point in the esophagectomy when the NVB is being isolated, a lead will be applied laparoscopically to the NVB and connected to an external pulse generator. An ultrasound transducer will be introduced to the abdomen and placed on the NVB to visualize splenic arterial blood flow. The NVB will be stimulated while physiologic responses are observed. Blood samples will be taken before, and at certain pre-defined time points after, stimulation and recovery. The lead and ultrasound transducer will be removed after completion of stimulation, and the esophagectomy surgery will continue. Surgeon experience applying and removing the cuff electrode will be documented, in addition to the responses to NVB stimulation. Post-operative safety will be followed through 7-days (or day of discharge if earlier).
INTRODUCTION: Insurance claims data and electronic health records (EHRs) have been used to characterize Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in real-world populations. The ability to assess patient-level DMD disease progression within insurance claims or EHR data infrastructures is unknown. Insurance claims and EHR data were comprehensively examined for availability and reliability of DMD outcomes that describe functional status and disease progression at the individual patient level over time.
METHODS: MarketScan Commercial and Medicaid claims, and EHR-linked Clarivate open claims datasets were examined for data measuring 54 previously identified DMD-relevant outcomes in patients with DMD. Each outcome was assigned to one of five categories: functional and clinical events, clinical measures, biomarkers, functional measures, or patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Patients were identified using published coding algorithms. Annual 5-year attrition and data availability for each outcome was determined. The ability to distinguish disease severity and identify test results was also considered where applicable.
RESULTS: A total of 1964 (MarketScan Commercial), 2007 (MarketScan Medicaid), and 10,639 (Clarivate) patients were identified. At 5 years, 31.7%, 35.1%, and 59.1% of patients remained in MarketScan Commercial, MarketScan Medicaid, and Clarivate, respectively. Claims were available for five of six functional and clinical events, with 45.5% (MarketScan Commercial), 48.0% (Clarivate), and 48.5% (MarketScan Medicaid) of patients with ≥ 1 claim for the most frequently identified clinical event (cardiomyopathy diagnosis). No data were available to describe frequency of wheelchair use or loss of ambulation. Very limited EHR data (≤ 2% of patients) were available to indicate tests were ordered for clinical measures, biomarkers, or functional assessments. No PRO notes or scores were observed. Data existed for inferring disease severity (e.g., hospitalization for cardiomyopathy); however, it was not apparent whether these events were incident.
CONCLUSION: Insurance claims and EHR-linked open claims data are of limited utility for holistically evaluating the progression and burden of DMD in individual patients.
CCFES uses surface electrodes over the paretic finger and thumb extensors to deliver stimulation with an intensity that is proportional to the degree of opening of the contralateral unimpaired hand wearing an instrumented glove. Thus, volitional opening of the nonparetic hand produces stimulated opening of the paretic hand. CCFES enables stroke survivors to open and close their paretic hand and practice using it in therapy sessions. The treatment regimen includes CCFES-mediated: 1) home-based self-administered hand opening exercises, and 2) lab-based therapist-guided functional task practice.
More than 1200 civilians and military were killed in cities and villages by the Hamas attack on October 7th, 2023. The bodies and body-parts had to be identified and released for burial. This report outlines the challenges and mode of operation of the massive disaster victim identification (DVI) efforts. Bodies were delivered to a central mortuary. Each body was coded and undressed for external inspection and documentation of physical elements. Digital fingerprints were recorded and blood or toenails sampled for DNA. Odontology exams were performed by dentists describing dentition, aided by computerized tomography (CT). Whole-body CT was performed in cases the bodies were disfigured or burned from the second week. Simultaneously, families of missing civilians provided physical elements to the police to extract the DNA for antemortem documentation. The police took the responsibility over the reconciliation, which was based on comparison of the ante-mortem and post-mortem fingerprints, aided by DNA profile matching, odontology examination, clinical and/or radiological findings performed by forensic practitioners. Secondary identification elements were used assure the families regarding the identification. Precise scientific identification a was a priority, even if it slowed the rate of bodies release. Families were allowed to view their relative either at the mortuary or before burial. The DVI process required cooperation between several governmental agencies and police. To maximize the effectiveness, a synchronized approach should be adopted, specifying communication channels between the partners and dividing the responsibilities. The DVI should be led by a single, experienced authority to ensure interdisciplinary teamwork. This catastrophe required personal resilience of the teams for rapid and efficient functioning and communication between the partners.