anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
An increasing body of evidence supports the involvement of inflammation and immune responses in the occurrence and development of keratoconus (KC). However, the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and KC remains unclear. We employed a 2-way Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the interaction between KC and inflammatory factors. Instrumental variables for 41 circulating inflammatory regulators and 12 matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were selected from genome-wide association studies of European ancestry. Summary statistics for KC were obtained from a genome-wide association study comprising 2116 cases and 24,626 controls of European ancestry. The primary analytical method for assessing causality was the inverse-variance weighted method. Two additional MR methods (MR-Egger and weighted median) were employed to complement the inverse-variance weighted results. In addition, several sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and stability. Our findings indicated that genetically predicted higher levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (odds ratio = 1.126, 95% confidence interval: 1.029-1.232, P = .01) and MMP-13 (odds ratio = 1.211, 95% confidence interval: 1.070-1.371, P = .003) were positively associated with an elevated risk of KC. Conversely, genetically predicted KC was associated with increased levels of interferon-gamma, interleukin-4, and MMP-1. Our current study provided suggestive evidence supporting causal associations of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β and MMP-13 with the risk of KC. In addition, KC appeared to affect the expression of interferon-gamma, interleukin-4, and MMP-1.
BACKGROUND: Understanding the role of social determinants of health disparities (SDHDs) in surgical outcomes can better prepare providers to improve postoperative care. In this study, we use International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes to identify SDHDs and investigate the risk of postoperative complication rates among patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA).
METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using a national insurance claims database. Using ICD and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, patients who underwent primary TSA with at least 2 years of follow-up in the database were identified. Patients with a history of SDHDs were identified using appropriate ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. Patients were grouped in one of 2 cohorts: (1) patients with no history of SDHDs (control) and (2) patients with a history of SDHDs (SDHD group) prior to TSA. The SDHD and control groups were matched 1:1 for comorbidities and demographics prior to conducting multivariable analysis for 90-day medical complications and 2-year surgical complications.
RESULTS: After matching, there were 8023 patients in the SDHD group and 8023 patients in the control group. The SDHD group had significantly higher odds for 90-day medical complications including heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, renal failure, deep vein thrombosis, pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infection. Additionally, the SDHD group had significantly higher odds for revision surgery within 2 years following TSA. Patients in the SDHD group also had a significantly longer length of hospital stay following TSA.
DISCUSSION: This study highlights the association between SDHDs and postoperative complications following TSA. Quantifying the risk of complications and differences in length of stay for TSA patients with a history of SDHDs is important in determining value-based payment models and risk stratifying to optimize patient care.
PURPOSE:To obtain an antiviral infectious disease agent containing a protein polysaccharide in specific state obtained from culture extract of Basidiomycetes belonging the genus Coliolus as an active ingredient, having antitumor effect and antiretrovirus infecting action and free from toxicity and by-effect. CONSTITUTION:The aimed antiviral agent is an extract of bacterium cell or fruit body obtained by cultivating Basimycetes belonging to the genus Coliolus by hot water or alkaline solution, contains about 18-38% protein and contains protein polysaccharide having >=5,000mol.wt. as an active ingredient. The active ingredient is commercialized as an antitumor agent, i.e. the trade name Krestine. When human immune disorder virus belonging to retrovirus is treated with the polysaccharide, absorption to human lymphocyte by the virus is inhibited and activity of reverse transcriptase is inhibited. Therefore, the agent is effective to retrovirus infectious disease including AIDS. Oral dose of the substance is 10-1,000mg, preferably 20-600mg/kg/day.
BACKGROUND: Microglia activation and oligodendrocyte maturation are critical for remyelination after cerebral ischemia. Studies have shown that enriched environment (EE) can effectively alleviate stroke-induced neurological deficits. However, little is known about the mechanism associated with glial cells underlying the neuroprotection of EE. Therefore, this study focuses on investigating the effect of EE on activated microglia polarization as well as oligodendrogenesis in the progress of remyelination following cerebral ischemia.
METHODS: The ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Animals executed 4 weeks of environmental intervention after performing MCAO or sham surgery and were divided into sham, MCAO, and MCAO+EE groups. Cognitive function, myelin damage, microglia activation and polarization, inflammation, oligodendrogenesis, remyelination, and protein expression of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway were determined.
RESULTS: The staining of NeuN indicated that the infarct size of MCAO rats was decreased under EE. EE intervention improved animal performance in the Morris water maze test and novel object recognition test, promoting the recovery of cognitive function after I/R injury. EE treatment alleviated myelin damage in MCAO rats, as evidenced by the lower fluorescence intensity ratio of SMI-32/MBP in MCAO+EE group. EE increased the fluorescence intensity ratio of NG2+/Ki67+/Olig2+, MBP, and MOG, enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs and oligodendrogenesis after MCAO. In terms of remyelination, more myelinated axons and lower G/ratio were detected in MCAO+EE rats compared with MCAO group. Moreover, EE treatment decreased the number of Iba1+/CD86+ M1 microglia, increased the number of Iba1+/CD206+ M2 microglia, and suppressed the inflammation response after I/R injury, which could be attributed to the augmented expression of PI3K/AKT/GSK3β axis.
CONCLUSION: EE improved long‑term recovery of cognitive function after cerebral I/R injury, at least in part by promoting M2 microglia transformation through activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway, inhibiting inflammation to provide a favorable microenvironment for oligodendrocyte maturation and remyelination. The effect of the EE on myelin and inflammation could account for the neuroprotection provided by EE.
The invention relates to a fruit and vegetable composition having functions of dredging and purifying heart and cerebral vessels. The fruit and vegetable composition is composed of four kinds of fruit and vegetable juice including ginger juice, lemon juice, apple vinegar and garlic juice in a ratio of 1:1:1:1. The fruit and vegetable composition is characterized by being prepared through the following steps: mixing the four kinds of fruit and vegetable juice according to a ratio of 1:1:1:1; adding a proper amount of clear water; killing viruses and sterilizing through high temperature; decocting and stewing at a low temperature for 2-30 min; adding a proper amount of honey or sugar till the obtained liquid is slightly cool with uniformly stirring; and putting the obtained liquid into a glass vessel till the liquid is totally cool and storing the glass vessel into a fresh-keeping cabinet. The fruit and vegetable composition can also be mixed and prepared according to a real need. The fruit and vegetable composition is easy to prepare, manufacture and use, has obvious therapeutic effect, simple raw material, no toxic or side effect, is easy to store and use. The fruit and vegetable composition not only can dredge and purify heart and cerebral vessels, but also can prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension and cold. The fruit and vegetable composition is particularly used for fundamentally curing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Improved matrices for tissue repair comprising a biocompatible, bioerodable polymer which has a water solubility of about 0.01 to about 500 mg/mL at about 25 °C and adhesive strength of about 600 to about 150,000 Pa; and pressure sensitive adhesives for tissue repair which have adhesive strength of about 600 to about 150,000 Pa. The matrix or adhesive can further comprise a filler or a bioactive agent, or both. The matrices and adhesives are tissue-adherent and dough-like so they can be molded to fit a repair site. When used for bone/implant fixation, or as a filler for bone or cartilage repair, gradual short-term bioerosion of the adhesive matrix allows it to be replaced with developing bone or cartilage tissue. When used for release of a bioactive agent, the agent can be mixed into the adhesive matrix well before the implantation procedure. After implantation, the bioactive agent is gradually released as the adhesive matrix biodegrades.
INTRODUCTION: Peripheral nerve block, a common technique for managing postoperative pain and providing intraoperative analgesia, often includes adjuncts like dexmedetomidine (DEX) to enhance the effectiveness of local anesthetics. DEX, known for its α2-adrenoceptor agonist properties, extends sensory blockade and improves postoperative analgesia while offering sedative benefits. The objective of this study is to rigorously assess the effectiveness and safety of perineural DEX injection in orthopedic nerve block procedures, focusing on orthopedic surgeries to minimize heterogeneity and provide clearer insights for clinical practice.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: This meta-analysis, registered on PROSPERO, involved a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases, focusing on RCTs comparing DEX with local anesthetics for peripheral nerve blocks in orthopedic surgery patients. The eligibility criteria included adult participants and various nerve block methods in orthopedic surgeries. Studies were rigorously appraised for methodological quality using Cochrane Handbook guidelines. GRADE profiler 3.6 was used for evidence grading.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Among 1391 documents, 21 studies were included, focusing on DEX with local anesthetics in orthopedic nerve blocks. Findings showed significant improvements in analgesia duration, sensory and motor block duration, and reduced postoperative opioid consumption, with an increased risk of bradycardia. Quality assessments indicated moderate bias risk.
CONCLUSIONS: DEX with local anesthetics significantly enhances nerve block effectiveness, extending analgesia and block durations while reducing opioid need. However, it requires careful monitoring due to increased bradycardia risk. These findings highlight the need for cautious use in clinical practice, considering both potential benefits and adverse effects.
A drug having anti-HIV activity, especially a drug having integrase inhibitory activity. Also provided is a quinolizinone compound represented by the following general formula [I]: [I] (wherein the symbols are the same as defined in the description) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The drug is an anti-HIV agent containing the compound or salt as an active ingredient. The compound has the function of inhibiting HIV integrase activity and is useful as an anti-HIV agent for the treatment or prevention of AIDs. The anti-HIV agent can be a more effective one when used in combination with other anti-HIV agent such as a protease inhibitor or reverse transcriptase inhibitor. The anti-HIV agent has high inhibitory activity specific for integrases and can hence be a drug safe for the human body and reduced in side effects.
A unit  1  for producing pyrogen controlled water on a small to medium factory scale comprises a number of charged ultrafiltration units  10  arranged in parallel. Orifice plates  15  are used to restrict and control the flow of deionized water to each filter  10 . The filter units  10  are mounted on a frame  2  with a wheeled chassis  3  which may be pushed or moved by a forklift truck to a site where pyrogen controlled water is required. The unit  1  has an inlet line  4  for connection to a supply of deionized water and an outlet line  6  for connection to a user of pyrogen controlled water. The unit  1  may be purged with nitrogen from a supply  18 . Sampling ports  17  in a common supply inlet  4  and a common outlet  6  ensure that the filtration efficiency can be closely monitored. The flow of water is monitored by a flowmeter  19  and pressure sensors  16  upstream of each filter facilitate a high level of control.
A new pack (A) of blood prods. has an outlet tube and a multi-pack linking system at its upper end and an outlet tube and a filling or blood-withdrawal tube at its lower end and is made of a polymer which is plasticiser-free or which contains a non-migratory plasticiser. Also claimed is the use of (A) for the prodn. of substantially leucocyte-free erythrocyte concentrates from whole blood. USE/ADVANTAGE - (A) is used not only for the prodn. of erythrocyte concentrates, but also for collecting blood and generally separating and storing blood and blood prods. Unlike the packs known from DE3815646, EP0213469 and EP0243744, (A) contains no substances which are potentially hazardous to health and which can migrate into the blood or blood prod. Further, erythrocyte concentrates can be stored in (A) longer than in the packs known from EP0054221.
The study group consists of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease treated with directional deep brain stimulation in Helsinki University Hospital between 2017 - 2020. The study is a registry-based follow-up study. The aim of the study is to assess the clinical outcome and possible adverse effects of the dDBS treatment. The data will be collected from the patient records. The observed time points are 6-month's, 12-month's and 18-month's postoperative visits.

The following data will collected: the scores of Unified Parkinson's disease questionnaire part III (UPDRS-III), Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMS-quest), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) evaluated in the screening phase for dDBS treatment and at 6-months' follow-up. Possible levodopa equivalent dose changes, LEDDs, will also be assessed at these time points.
A method is provided for detecting a change in posture of a subject. An electrical impedance is measured between two or more sites on a stomach ( 20 ) of the subject, and an impedance signal is generated responsive thereto. The change in posture is detected by performing a posture analysis of the impedance signal. A method is also provided for treating a subject. The method includes applying an electrical signal to a site of the subject selected from the list consisting of: a colon ( 402 ) of the subject, and a distal small intestine ( 408 ) of the subject. The signal is configured to stimulate cells of the subject to increase secretion of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) or PYY, or to decrease secretion of ghrelin, in order to treat the subject.
BACKGROUND: Dopaminergic psychostimulants can restore arousal in anaesthetised animals, and dopaminergic signalling contributes to hippocampal-dependent memory formation. We tested the hypothesis that dopaminergic psychostimulants can antagonise the amnestic effects of isoflurane on visuospatial working memory.
METHODS: Sixteen adult Sprague-Dawley rats were trained on a trial-unique nonmatching-to-location (TUNL) task which assessed the ability to identify a novel touchscreen location after a fixed delay. Once trained, the effects of low-dose isoflurane (0.3 vol%) on task performance and activity, assessed by infrared beam breaks, were assessed. We attempted to rescue deficits in performance and activity with a dopamine D1 receptor agonist (chloro-APB), a noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor (atomoxetine), and a mixed dopamine/norepinephrine releasing agent (dextroamphetamine). Anaesthetic induction, emergence, and recovery from anaesthesia were also investigated.
RESULTS: Low-dose isoflurane impaired working memory in a sex-independent and intra-trial delay-independent manner as assessed by task performance, and caused an overall reduction in activity. Administration of chloro-APB, atomoxetine, or dextroamphetamine did not restore visuospatial working memory, but chloro-APB and dextroamphetamine recovered arousal to levels observed in the baseline awake state. Performance did not differ between induction and emergence. Animals recovered to baseline performance within 15 min of discontinuing isoflurane.
CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose isoflurane impairs visuospatial working memory in a nondurable and delay-independent manner that potentially implicates non-hippocampal structures in isoflurane-induced memory deficits. Dopaminergic psychostimulants counteracted sedation but did not reverse memory impairments, suggesting that isoflurane-induced amnesia and isoflurane-induced sedation have distinct underlying mechanisms that can be antagonised independently.
A state-of-the-art multi-omics approach was applied to improve our understanding of the aetio-pathogenesis of a highly prevalent, performance-limiting disorder of racehorses: mild-to-moderate equine asthma (MMEA). This is a prerequisite to improving prophylactic, management, and therapeutic options for this condition. Although a number of risk factors have been identified, options for intervention are limited. This study applied a multi-omic approach to reveal key inflammatory pathways involved in inflammatory cell recruitment to the lower airways and highlight distinct MMEA inflammatory profiles. We compared bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell gene and protein expression data from horses with non-inflammatory BALF cytology with those isolated from horses with neutrophilic, mastocytic, mixed neutrophilic/mastocytic, and eosinophilic/mastocytic inflammation. The analyses on transcriptomic/proteomic data derived from BALF from horses with neutrophilic cytology showed enrichment in classical inflammatory pathways, and horses with mastocytic inflammation showed enrichment in pathways involved in hypersensitivity reactions related to nonclassical inflammation potentially mimicking a Th2-immune response. The mixed eosinophilic/mastocytic group also presented with a nonclassical inflammatory profile, whereas the mixed neutrophilic/mastocytic group revealed profiles consistent with both neutrophilic inflammation and hypersensitivity. Our adopted multi-omics approach provided a holistic assessment of the immunological status of the lower airways associated with the different cytological profiles of equine asthma.
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in patients with subarachnoid cysticercosis of the basal cisterns or the Sylvian fissure, comparing in two parallel arms the efficacy of the standard of care anti-parasitic regime (30 days of ABZ at 15 mg/k/d, up to 1200 mg/k/d) with a combined regime using similar doses of ABZ and adding PZQ at 50 mg/k/d for the initial 15 days of anti-parasitic treatment. The study and interim analysis plan are designed to allow direct, concrete efficacy comparison in this deadly type of NCC while minimizing the risks of disease progression in the standard of care arm.

In short, this is a parallel group study with a dichotomous primary outcome variable. The main analysis will compare the proportions of patients obtaining the primary outcome at 6 months, using a Chi-square test in a bivariate analysis. A similar analysis will be used for the proportions of patients with a good clinical outcome, and the proportions of patients in whom lesion resolution sustains when assessed at month 12. A Student T test analysis will be used to compare for reduction in parasite volume and non-parametric Mann-Whitney test will be alternatively applied for non-normally distributed data. A non-parametric Spearman's Rho test will be used to assess the correlation between the proportions of cyst mass reduction with the decrease in antigen levels in each study group. A Chi-square test in a bivariate analysis will evaluate the association between negative antigen levels at 6 months versus the complete disappearance of cyst mass.
The prevalence of both obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have increased, and each is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes including fetal overgrowth, neonatal morbidity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and cesarean delivery. Women with GDM who are also overweight and obese have higher rates of pregnancy complications when compared to normal weight women with GDM, which may occur in part due to suboptimal glycemic control. The current recommendations for glycemic targets in pregnant women with diabetes are not rigorously defined, and they far exceed the mean fasting (70.9 ±7.8 mg/dL) and 1 hour post- prandial (108.9 ± 12.9 mg/dL) glucose values in pregnant women without GDM. Our prior work demonstrated that use of intensive (fasting \<90, 1 hr post-prandial \<120 mg/dL) compared to standard (fasting \<95 mg/dL, 1 hr post-prandial \<140 mg/dL) glycemic targets resulted in improved glycemic control without increasing the risk for hypoglycemia. The Intensive Glycemic Targets in Overweight and Obese Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter Randomized Trial (iGDM Trial) is a large, pragmatic randomized clinical trial designed to investigate the impact of intensive versus standard glycemic targets on perinatal outcomes in women with GDM who are overweight and obese. During the 5-year project period, a multidisciplinary team of investigators from 4 medical centers representing regions of the U.S. with high rates of obesity will randomize 828 overweight and obese women with GDM to either intensive or standard glycemic targets. The specific aims of this project are: 1) Determine the effectiveness of intensive glycemic targets in reducing the risk for neonatal composite morbidity and large for gestational age birthweight in overweight and obese women with GDM, 2) Assess the safety of intensive glycemic targets as measured by the frequency of maternal hypoglycemia in overweight and obese women with GDM, and 3) Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of intensive glycemic control compared with standard glycemic control as measured by the incremental cost per case of neonatal morbidity and LGA birth weight prevented and per Quality-adjusted Life-year. The expected outcome of this study is high-quality evidence on the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of intensive glycemic targets in reducing adverse perinatal outcomes among overweight and obese women with GDM. If proven effective, use of intensive glycemic targets in overweight and obese women with GDM will have an important positive impact on the health of these high risk women and their infants.