anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: Several factors have been implicated in child stunting, but the precise determinants, mechanisms of action and causal pathways remain poorly understood. The objective of this study is to explore causal relationships between the various determinants of child stunting.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study will use data compiled from national health surveys in India, Indonesia and Senegal, and reviews of published evidence on determinants of child stunting. The data will be analysed using a causal Bayesian network (BN)-an approach suitable for modelling interdependent networks of causal relationships. The model's structure will be defined in a directed acyclic graph and illustrate causal relationship between the variables (determinants) and outcome (child stunting). Conditional probability distributions will be generated to show the strength of direct causality between variables and outcome. BN will provide evidence of the causal role of the various determinants of child stunning, identify evidence gaps and support in-depth interrogation of the evidence base. Furthermore, the method will support integration of expert opinion/assumptions, allowing for inclusion of the many factors implicated in child stunting. The development of the BN model and its outputs will represent an ideal opportunity for transdisciplinary research on the determinants of stunting.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Not applicable/no human participants included.
Precision endoscopy in the management of colorectal polyps and early colorectal cancer has emerged as the standard of care. It includes optical characterization of polyps and estimation of submucosal invasion depth of large nonpedunculated colorectal polyps to select the appropriate endoscopic resection modality. Over time, several imaging modalities have been implemented in endoscopic practice to improve optical performance. Among these, image-enhanced endoscopy systems and magnification endoscopy represent now well-established tools. New advanced technologies, such as endocytoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy, have recently shown promising results in predicting the histology of colorectal polyps. In recent years, artificial intelligence has continued to enhance endoscopic performance in the characterization of colorectal polyps, overcoming the limitations of other imaging modes. In this review we retrace the path of precision endoscopy, analyzing the yield of various endoscopic imaging techniques in personalizing management of colorectal polyps and early colorectal cancer.
The conventional is fashioned with a continuous running technique that uses two sutures. The first suture is passed in a clockwise hemicircumferential manner, starting from outside in on the bladder neck at the 5 o'clock position and inside out on the urethra up toward the 12 o'clock position. The second suture is similarly run in a counter- clockwise hemicircumferential direction. The running sutures are snug down after each apposition to ensure there is no slack, and finally tied together with several knots at the 12 o'clock position.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a chemokine expression inhibitor which can inhibit the expression of a chemokine gene and especially inhibit the expression of interleukin-8, eotaxin, and RANTES genes.  <P>SOLUTION: This chemokine expression inhibitor is characterized by containing the extract of one or more plants selected from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. or Zingiber purpureum Rosc., Achillea millefolium L., Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Zanthoxylum piperitum Do Candolle, Thymus serpyllum L., and Phellodendron amurens Ruprecht as an active ingredient. At least one of four compounds as ingredients in the extract of the Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. or Zingiber purpureum Rosc. is contained as an active ingredient.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Despite the proven effectiveness of cochlear implant (CI) in the hearing restoration of deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) children, to date, extreme variability in verbal working memory (VWM) abilities is observed in both unilateral and bilateral CI user children (CIs). Although clinical experience has long observed deficits in this fundamental executive function in CIs, the cause to date is still unknown. Here, we have set out to investigate differences in brain functioning regarding the impact of monaural and binaural listening in CIs compared with normal hearing (NH) peers during a three-level difficulty n-back task undertaken in two sensory modalities (auditory and visual). The objective of this pioneering study was to identify electroencephalographic (EEG) marker pattern differences in visual and auditory VWM performances in CIs compared to NH peers and possible differences between unilateral cochlear implant (UCI) and bilateral cochlear implant (BCI) users. The main results revealed differences in theta and gamma EEG bands. Compared with hearing controls and BCIs, UCIs showed hypoactivation of theta in the frontal area during the most complex condition of the auditory task and a correlation of the same activation with VWM performance. Hypoactivation in theta was also observed, again for UCIs, in the left hemisphere when compared to BCIs and in the gamma band in UCIs compared to both BCIs and NHs. For the latter two, a correlation was found between left hemispheric gamma oscillation and performance in the audio task. These findings, discussed in the light of recent research, suggest that unilateral CI is deficient in supporting auditory VWM in DHH. At the same time, bilateral CI would allow the DHH child to approach the VWM benchmark for NH children. The present study suggests the possible effectiveness of EEG in supporting, through a targeted approach, the diagnosis and rehabilitation of VWM in DHH children.
PURPOSE:To obtain a cataplasm capable of readily attaching or releasing by forming a tacky agent layer on a support and forming a non-tacky part in a part of the tacky agent layer. CONSTITUTION:This cataplasm forms a tacky agent layer 2 on a support 1 and a non-tacky part 4 is formed in a part of the tacky agent layer 2. The formation of the non-tacky part 4 is carried out by superposing a belt-like part (expressed by slant lines and formed after releasing release paper when the release paper is used) formed by folding the end part of the cataplasm and bonding the tacky agent layer 2 to each other. The support 1 is exposed on the tacky agent layer 2 by this superposition to form the non-tacky part 4. The non-tacky part 4 is formed at one position, as necessary two or more positions in the end part, and the width of the non-tacky part is preferably 2-10mm. A resin film of polyethylene, etc., is used as the support 1 and a polymer, etc., consisting essentially of (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester is used as the tacky agent. Since a release paper can readily be released and the cataplasm can be attached and it can readily be released after using it by forming the non-tacky part on the tacky agent layer 2, the cataplasm can also be used by aged persons or visually or manually handicapped persons.
A one-hour training course that includes a 30-minute video-based self-instruction (VSI) training session, a short role-play, and a debriefing. The video consists of a bystander CPR simulation with dispatcher instructions using the trainee's own phone and practice session following demonstration by a simulated layperson. After watching the video clip, all trainees are divided into two groups and conduct a role-play as dispatchers and laypersons for 15 minutes. Finally, there is a 15-minute debriefing session with several assignments. The HEROS program focuses on cooperation with a dispatcher, from recognition of cardiac arrest to performing DA-CPR, with hands-on practice so that laypersons can provide bystander CPR immediately in a real situation. Moreover, the HEROS program emphasizes practice for providing the correct address of the scene and switching to speakerphone mode, especially for the elderly.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: While previous studies suggest that light-to-moderate alcohol consumption may reduce the frailty risk, the dose-response relationship is still under question. To address the knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies to examine the association of alcohol consumption with the risk of both prefrailty and frailty in adults.
METHODS: We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed and Scopus to identify relevant cohort studies published before 8 May 2024. The dose-response meta-analysis was performed to investigate the associations between alcohol drinking and the risk of developing pre-frailty and frailty. We used random-effects models to calculate pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% CIs.
RESULTS: We included nine cohort studies with 64 769 participants and 15 075 cases, of which eight studies were rated to have a serious risk of bias as assessed by the ROBINS tool. Based on our analysis, each 12 g increase in alcohol intake did not appear to be associated with risks of prefrailty (RR: 1.08, 95% CI 0.89, 1.31; I2 = 91%, n = 3; GRADE = very low) and frailty (RR: 0.94, 95% CI 0.88, 1.00; I2 = 63%, n = 9; GRADE = low). The nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis indicates a slight inverse association with frailty risk up to an alcohol intake of 20 grams per day, beyond which an upward trend is observed.
CONCLUSION: The inverse association found between moderate alcohol consumption and frailty risk appears to be stronger among older adults, which might be due to the lower and less popular alcohol consumption among older people than the general population. However, because this finding is based on low-quality evidence, more research is needed to develop specific dietary recommendations for alcohol consumption, particularly among young people.
Both upper extremities of 72 patients with lymphedema and 72 healthy upper extremities were included in the study. The patients' demographic and clinical data were recorded. The thickness and echogenicity of the skin and subcutaneous tissues of all extremities were evaluated with B-mode ultrasonography, and the stiffness of the skin and subcutaneous tissues was evaluated with shear-wave elastography. The lymphedema arm and the healthy arm of the patients were compared both with each other and with the data of the control group. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability analysis was performed for ultrasonography and elastography measurements. The patients' pain, tension, weight, and stiffness symptoms associated with lymphedema were questioned using a numerical scale. The patients' functionality and participation in daily life activities were evaluated with the Quick DASH and Life Impact Index questionnaires. The relationship between these findings and elastographic and ultrasonographic parameters was analyzed.
BACKGROUND: Identification of individuals with prediabetes who are at high risk of developing diabetes allows for precise interventions. We aimed to determine the role of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic signature in predicting the progression from prediabetes to diabetes.
METHODS: This prospective study included 13,489 participants with prediabetes who had metabolomic data from the UK Biobank. Circulating metabolites were quantified via NMR spectroscopy. Cox proportional hazard (CPH) models were performed to estimate the associations between metabolites and diabetes risk. Supporting vector machine, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting were used to select the optimal metabolite panel for prediction. CPH and random survival forest (RSF) models were utilized to validate the predictive ability of the metabolites.
RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 13.6 years, 2525 participants developed diabetes. After adjusting for covariates, 94 of 168 metabolites were associated with risk of progression to diabetes. A panel of nine metabolites, selected by all three machine-learning algorithms, was found to significantly improve diabetes risk prediction beyond conventional risk factors in the CPH model (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, 1 year: 0.823 for risk factors + metabolites vs 0.759 for risk factors, 5 years: 0.830 vs 0.798, 10 years: 0.801 vs 0.776, all p < 0.05). Similar results were observed from the RSF model. Categorization of participants according to the predicted value thresholds revealed distinct cumulative risk of diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study lends support for use of the metabolite markers to help determine individuals with prediabetes who are at high risk of progressing to diabetes and inform targeted and efficient interventions.
FUNDING: Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (2022XD017). Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai (SHSMU-ZDCX20212501). Shanghai Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau (2020074). Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development Center (SHDC2020CR4006). Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (22015810500).
Human norovirus (HuNoV) and human rotavirus (HRV) are the leading causes of gastrointestinal diarrhea. There are no approved antivirals and rotavirus vaccines are insufficient to cease HRV associated mortality. Furthermore, treatment of chronically infected immunocompromised patients is limited to off-label compassionate use of repurposed antivirals with limited efficacy, highlighting the urgent need of potent and specific antivirals for HuNoV and HRV. Recently, a major breakthrough in the in vitro cultivation of HuNoV and HRV derived from the use of human intestinal enteroids (HIEs). The replication of multiple circulating HuNoV and HRV genotypes can finally be studied and both in the same non-transformed and physiologically relevant model. Activity of previously described anti-norovirus or anti-rotavirus drugs, such as 2'-C-methylcytidine (2CMC), 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine (7DMA), nitazoxanide, favipiravir and dasabuvir, was assessed against clinically relevant human genotypes using 3D-HIEs. 2CMC showed the best activity against HuNoV GII.4, while 7DMA was the most potent antiviral against HRV. We identified the anti-norovirus and -rotavirus activity of molnupiravir and its active metabolite, N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), a broad-spectrum antiviral used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Molnupiravir and NHC inhibit HuNoV GII.4, HRV G1P[8], G2P[4] and G4P[6] in 3D-HIEs with high selectivity and show a potency comparable to 2CMC against HuNoV. Moreover, molnupiravir and NHC block HRV viroplasm formation, but do not alter its size or subcellular localization. Taken together, molnupiravir inhibits both HuNoV and HRV replication, suggesting that the drug could be a candidate for the treatment of patients chronically infected with either one of these diarrhea causing viruses.
The present inventors developed hepatitis C reporter viruses containing Core through NS2 of prototype isolates of all major HCV genotypes and the remaining genes of isolate JFH1, by insertion of reporter genes in domain III of HCV NS5A. The inventors have identified a deletion upstream of the inserted reporter gene sequence, which conferred favourable growth kinetics in Huh7.5 cells to these viruses. These reporter viruses can be used for high throughput analysis of drug and vaccine candidates as well as patient samples. Drugs could be evaluated for their potential to prevent infection or cure infected cells. The neutralizing capacity of antibodies induced by vaccine candidates could be evaluated in order to define successful vaccination strategies. Broadly neutralizing antibodies could be identified testing engineered antibodies and antibodies derived from serum of HCV infected individuals; thus this technique could contribute to the development of immunotherapy. The developed systems could aid individualized treatment of HCV infected: Patient isolates could be tested for resistance to drugs by introduction of genome regions involved in drug resistance in the developed constructs and subsequent treatment with the drug of interest. The present inventorsalso developed JFH1-based intergenotypic recombinants with genotype specific homotypic 5UTR, or heterotypic 5'UTR (either of genotype 1a (strain H77) or of genotype 3a (strain S52)). The present inventors additionallydeveloped J6/JFH1 recombinants with the 5'UTR of genotypes 1-6. These recombinants with different 5UTRs are a useful to study the function of the 5'UTR in a genotype specific manner.
TRUSbx using the 18 gauge (G) 25 centimeter(cm) novel needle with 19 millimeter (mm) sample notch and a new actuator. 12 biopsies / patient.
The present invention discloses dragon's blood oil preparation and dragon's blood soft capsule. The dragon's blood oil preparation consists of superfine dragon's blood powder and edible oil in the ratio of 1 to 2.0-5.0, preferably 1 to 2.23. The dragon's blood soft capsule includes inclusion and capsule shell, the inclusion is the dragon's blood oil preparation, and the capsule shell consists of gelatin, glycerin and proper amount of water. The present invention also discloses the preparation process of the dragon's blood oil preparation and the dragon's blood soft capsule. The dragon's blood oil preparation and the dragon's blood soft capsule is used as medicine or functional food for treating and/or preventing thrombosis, owing to its obvious functions of promoting blood circulation to disperse blood clots. Compared with available dragon's blood preparation, the present invention has raised bioavailability and reduced dosage.
The invention discloses a recomposing VPAC1 receptor special excitant RVPAC1-A and an expressing method and application thereof. The recomposing opypeptide RVPAC1-A of the invention is a novel special excitant of recomposing VPAC1 receptor. In view of being a common receptor of PACAP and VIP, the VPAC1 is widely distributed in a plurality of systems, namely, central nervous system and periphericum nervosum system, digestive system, adrenal gland, pancreas and reproductive system, etc. and guides a plurality of crucial biological functions. Hence, the VPAC1 receptor excitant RVPAC1-A has great potentials in the aspects of diagnosing and treating diseases related closely to the VPAC1 receptor. The invention also first finds that by using the recomposing VPAC1 receptor excitant RVPAC1-A, trophicity-fat diseases and other relative diseases can be effectively inhibited and treated, thus showing effects of taking precautions against and treating fat diseases. The finding of the biological function has huge value of application. Compared with polypeptide mixed by chemosynthesis, the recomposing VAPC1 receptor excitant RVPAC1-A prepared by the method of the invention is characterized by high efficiency and low cost, thereby having wide application prospect.
PURPOSE: Insecure attachment may constitute a vulnerability factor for psychosis, and dissociation may be a key mechanism in the development of auditory hallucinations specifically. While there is good evidence for the role of these processes in isolation, it is unclear whether dissociation accounts for the association between insecure attachment and psychosis. This systematic review takes a theory-driven approach to examine proposed causal relationships across the clinical and nonclinical literature.
METHODS: We searched five databases (PubMeD, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ETHOS) for published and unpublished research examining attachment, dissociation and psychosis. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the quality of all included studies.
RESULTS: We identified 242 potential articles and included 13 in the final review (2096 participants). We found that (1) disorganised attachment was consistently associated with dissociation and inconsistently associated with voices and paranoia, (2) dissociation was associated with voices and paranoia, and these links were stronger in clinical samples, and (3) dissociation played a role in the impact of insecure attachment on voice hearing and paranoia in clinical groups.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first review to synthesise the research examining attachment, dissociation, and psychosis. The evidence is consistent with proposed causal hypotheses and raises conceptual and measurement issues, for example, the need to clarify the relative contributions of different insecure attachment styles, and utilise behavioural/observational measures to strengthen study designs. Most importantly, we need experimental and longitudinal studies to confirm causal links and targets for treatment.
Hypertensive patients will be counseled to initiate life style changes as weight loss, salt reduction, exercise, reduced alcohol consumption, smoking cessation and fresh fruits and vegetables in their diets. Drug treatment will be started for subjects that are not responding to nonpharmacological treatment. The anti-hypertensive medications will be Captopril 25Mg, Hydrochlorothiazide 25Mg Oral Tablet, atenolol and Losartan potassium 50 mg. All of these anti-hypertensive drugs are available in the PPP. If BP control is not yet obtained, other antihypertensive drugs will be requested: clonidine, spironolactone, hydralazine and amlodipine.
BACKGROUND: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive motor neuron (MN) degeneration, leading to neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dismantling and severe muscle atrophy. The nuclear receptor interaction protein (NRIP) functions as a multifunctional protein. It directly interacts with calmodulin or α-actinin 2, serving as a calcium sensor for muscle contraction and maintaining sarcomere integrity. Additionally, NRIP binds with the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) for NMJ stabilization. Loss of NRIP in muscles results in progressive motor neuron degeneration with abnormal NMJ architecture, resembling ALS phenotypes. Therefore, we hypothesize that NRIP could be a therapeutic factor for ALS.
METHODS: We used SOD1 G93A mice, expressing human SOD1 with the ALS-linked G93A mutation, as an ALS model. An adeno-associated virus vector encoding the human NRIP gene (AAV-NRIP) was generated and injected into the muscles of SOD1 G93A mice at 60 days of age, before disease onset. Pathological and behavioral changes were measured to evaluate the therapeutic effects of AAV-NRIP on the disease progression of SOD1 G93A mice.
RESULTS: SOD1 G93A mice exhibited lower NRIP expression than wild-type mice in both the spinal cord and skeletal muscle tissues. Forced NRIP expression through AAV-NRIP intramuscular injection was observed in skeletal muscles and retrogradely transduced into the spinal cord. AAV-NRIP gene therapy enhanced movement distance and rearing frequencies in SOD1 G93A mice. Moreover, AAV-NRIP increased myofiber size and slow myosin expression, ameliorated NMJ degeneration and axon terminal denervation at NMJ, and increased the number of α-motor neurons (α-MNs) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in SOD1 G93A mice.
CONCLUSIONS: AAV-NRIP gene therapy ameliorates muscle atrophy, motor neuron degeneration, and axon terminal denervation at NMJ, leading to increased NMJ transmission and improved motor functions in SOD1 G93A mice. Collectively, AAV-NRIP could be a potential therapeutic drug for ALS.
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomedicine, and discloses application of a mitochondrial-derived peptide in preparation of a medicine for relieving and/or treating pain. The mitochondrial derived peptide is the mitochondrial originated peptide MOTS-c. The sequence of MOTS-c is SEQIDNO:1 is shown. Pain is neuropathic pain and the symptoms associated with neuropathic pain. MOTS-c acts by inhibiting the activation of microglia through activation of the spinal AMPK signaling pathway. MOTS-c acts by inhibiting the activation of neurons. The invention utilizes MOTS-c to inhibit the activation of microglia by activating a spinal cord AMPK signal pathway, improves the damage of neurons, achieves the effect of relieving neuralgia, can search a target point different from the traditional analgesic drug for the treatment of the neuralgia, and does not generate a series of side effects of the traditional analgesic drug by the activation of the MOTS-c target point.