anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The hypoglycemic action of sulfonylureas may be potentiated by certain drugs including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fluoxetine, clarithromycin, and other drugs that are highly protein bound, salicylates, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, probenecid, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and beta adrenergic blocking agents. When such drugs are administered to a patient receiving glyburide tablets, the patient should be observed closely for hypoglycemia. When such drugs are withdrawn from a patient receiving glyburide tablets, the patient should be observed closely for loss of control.

An increased incidence of elevated liver enzymes was observed in patients receiving glyburide concomitantly with bosentan. Therefore concomitant administration of glyburide and bosentan is contraindicated (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).

A potential interaction between oral miconazole and oral hypoglycemic agents leading to severe hypoglycemia has been reported. Whether this interaction also occurs with the intravenous, topical or vaginal preparations of miconazole is not known. 

A possible interaction between glyburide and fluoroquinolone antibiotics has been reported resulting in a potentiation of the hypoglycemic action of glyburide. The mechanism for this interaction is not known.

Possible interactions between glyburide and coumarin derivatives have been reported that may either potentiate or weaken the effects of coumarin derivatives. The mechanism of these interactions is not known.

Rifampin may worsen glucose control of glyburide because rifampin can significantly induce metabolic isozymes of glyburide such as CYP2C9 and 3A4.

Certain drugs tend to produce hyperglycemia and may lead to loss of control. These drugs include the thiazides and other diuretics, corticosteroids, phenothiazines, thyroid products, estrogens, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympathomimetics, calcium channel blocking drugs, and isoniazid. When such drugs are administered to a patient receiving glyburide tablets, the patient should be closely observed for loss of control. When such drugs are withdrawn from a patient receiving glyburide tablets, the patient should be observed closely for hypoglycemia.

Glyburide may increase cyclosporine plasma concentration and potentially lead to its increased toxicity. Monitoring and dosage adjustment of cyclosporine are therefore recommended when both drugs are coadministered.

Colesevelam: Concomitant administration of colesevelam and glyburide resulted in reductions in glyburide AUC and Cmax of 32% and 47%, respectively. When glyburide was administered 1 hour before colesevelam, the reductions in glyburide AUC and Cmax were 20% and 15%, respectively, and not significantly changed (-7% and 4%, respectively) when administered 4 hours before colesevelam. Therefore, glyburide should be administered at least 4 hours prior to colesevelam.

Glyburide is mainly metabolized by CYP 2C9 and to a lesser extent by CYP 3A4. There is a potential for drug-drug interaction when glyburide is coadministered with inducers or inhibitors of CYP 2C9, which should be taken into account when considering concomitant therapy.
The intervention group was comprised of 30 women in the early postpartum period. Pretest data were collected on the 14th day postpartum. Then a total of four reflexology sessions were applied for 15 minutes in each foot, in the afternoons, every other day between postpartum 14th-20th day, as the women were available. And posttest data were collected on the 20th day postpartum at the end of the four-reflexology sessions.
Treatment of patients with AIDS-associated lymphoma is achieving inferior results when compared with outcomes for non-AIDS patients. Treatment with mBACOD has been promising, but the toxicity is very high. Patients treated with mBACOD have very low white blood cell counts. GM-CSF has increased the number of white blood cells in animal studies and preliminary human studies. It is hoped that including GM-CSF among the drugs given to lymphoma patients will prevent or lessen the decrease in white blood cells caused by mBACOD.

Patients admitted to the study receive chemotherapy in 21-day cycles. The length of therapy, 2 - 8 months, depends on how the tumor responds to treatment. Four medicines are given on day 1 of each cycle by vein (IV) (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin, vincristine). Dosages of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide are increased in later groups of patients if toxicity in the first group is tolerable. A fifth medicine (dexamethasone) is given by mouth (PO) on days 1 - 5 of each cycle and the sixth medicine (methotrexate) is given IV on day 15 of each cycle. Leucovorin is given after methotrexate to prevent methotrexate side effects. GM-CSF treatment is started on day 3 and continued for 11 days. To prevent the spread of the tumor, a spinal tap is done on 4 occasions to inject cytosine arabinoside directly into the spinal fluid. If tumor cells are present in the spinal fluid, the patient also takes cytosine arabinoside by spinal tap 3 x/week until the tumor cells disappear and then at monthly intervals for 1 year. Patients with tumor cells in the spinal fluid are also given radiation treatment to the head.
The participants receive ICBT in an individually tailored format, where they get to select which modules they want to be included in their specific treatment. The participants are recommended to select eight modules (out of 25) and work with one modules each week, but this is only recommendations. In their treatment, weekly support by a team of therapists is included. This arm implies that the participant will get support from different therapists each week.
General: The safety and effectiveness of lidocaine depend on proper dosage, correct technique, adequate precautions, and readiness for emergencies (see WARNINGS and ADVERSE REACTIONS). The lowest dosage that results in effective anesthesia should be used to avoid high plasma levels and serious adverse effects. Repeated doses of lidocaine may cause significant increases in blood levels with each repeated dose because of slow accumulation of the drug or its metabolites. Tolerance to elevated blood levels varies with the status of the patient. Debilitated, elderly patients, acutely ill patients, and children should be given reduced doses commensurate with their age and physical status. Lidocaine should also be used with caution in patients with severe shock or heart block. 

Lidocaine HCl 2% Jelly should be used with caution in patients with known drug sensitivities. Patients allergic to para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives (procaine, tetracaine, benzocaine, etc.) have not shown cross sensitivity to lidocaine. 

Many drugs used during the conduct of anesthesia are considered potential triggering agents for familial malignant hyperthermia. Since it is not known whether amide-type local anesthetics may trigger this reaction and since the need for supplemental general anesthesia cannot be predicted in advance, it is suggested that a standard protocol for management should be available. Early unexplained signs of tachycardia, tachypnea, labile blood pressure, and metabolic acidosis may precede temperature elevation. Successful outcome is dependent on early diagnosis, prompt discontinuance of the suspect triggering agent(s) and institution of treatment, including oxygen therapy, indicated supportive measures and dantrolene (consult dantrolene sodium intravenous package insert before using). 

Information for Patients: Inform patients that use of local anesthetics may cause methemoglobinemia, a serious condition that must be treated promptly. Advise patients or caregivers to seek immediate medical attention if they or someone in their care experience the following signs or symptoms: pale, gray, or blue colored skin (cyanosis); headache; rapid heart rate; shortness of breath; lightheadedness; or fatigue. 

When topical anesthetics are used in the mouth, the patient should be aware that the production of topical anesthesia may impair swallowing and thus enhance the danger of aspiration. For this reason, food should not be ingested for 60 minutes following use of local anesthetic preparations in the mouth or throat area. This is particularly important in children because of their frequency of eating. 

Numbness of the tongue or buccal mucosa may enhance the danger of unintentional biting trauma. Food or chewing gum should not be taken while the mouth or throat area is anesthetized.
Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is defined by a disorder of the microcirculation due to a persistent pathological pressure increase within a muscle compartment. The ischemia of the tissue leads to an initially reversible functional impairment and finally irreversible damage of the musculature, nerves and other structures. Based on the understanding of the pathophysiology, the current diagnostic concepts and treatment using the so-called dermatofasciotomy of the affected muscle compartments can be derived. In addition to the suspicion of a possible ACS based on the medical history of the patient, the findings of the clinical examination are decisive. This review article gives a summary of all the essential aspects of the diagnostics. In clinically uncertain cases and for monitoring, an objectification of the findings using instrument-based techniques is increasingly required. Nowadays, invasive needle pressure measurement is available; however, due to limited reliability, specificity and sensitivity, these measurements only represent an aid to decision guidance supporting or advising against the indications for dermatofasciotomy. The increasing demands on making a certain diagnosis and justification of a surgical intervention from a legal point of view, substantiate the numerous scientific efforts to develop noninvasive instrument-based diagnostics. These methods are based either on detection of increasing intracompartmental pressure or decreasing perfusion pressure and microcirculation. The various measurement principles are summarized in a lucid form.
A mutant DNA sequence codes activating protease (FSAP) for the blood coagulation factor VII and in-chain-plasminogen activators. The mutation conmprises a G/A nucleotide base exchange at position 1177 and/or a G/C nucleotide base exchange nucleotide position 1601 of the 1683 nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID 1) defined in the specification. A mutant DNA sequence codes activating protease (FSAP) for the blood coagulation factor VII and in-chain-plasminogen activators. The mutation conmprises a G/A nucleotide base exchange at position 1177 and/or a G/C nucleotide base exchange nucleotide position 1601 of the 1683 nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID 1) defined in the specification. The protease has a Glu/Gln exchange at the amino acid position 393 and/or a Gly/Glu exchange at amino-acid position 534 of the 560 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID 3) defined in the specification. Independent claims are also included for: (1) a diagnostic process to demonstrate the presence of FSAP body fluids or tissue samples to identify patients with genetically determined hetero or homozygote expressions in FSAP; and (2) FSAP antibodies and their mutants and diagnostic processes using the antibodies.
Scaphoid nonunion are common and operative treatment with bone graft was reported to have good result. However, the treatment for proximal pole nonunion remains controversial. There are some patterns of pathoanatomy combined with scaphoid fracture, like SL ligament tears, which could not be easily identified or treated initially. The proximal pole nonunion was near SL joint. Therefore, proximal pole nonunion may result in DISI instability. Furthermore, proximal pole nonunion was identified as a poor prognostic factor in scaphoid nonunion.

In the past 10 years, we have some different technique, like VBG, arthroscopic bone graft to achieve good results. Some studies revealed that significantly better SL stability was achieved with ARASL. We also used ARASL with BG to improve proximal pole union. However, it is not clear which method would be appropriate for proximal pole nonunion. We retrospectively investigated the functional outcome and radiological results after at least 2-year follow-up to clarify the surgical efficacy of these procedures.
BACKGROUND: Globally, over 1 million lower limb amputations are performed annually, with approximately 75% of patients experiencing significant pain, profoundly impacting their quality of life and functional capabilities. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) has emerged as a surgical solution involving the rerouting of amputated nerves to specific muscle targets. Originally introduced to enhance signal amplification for myoelectric prosthesis control, TMR has expanded its applications to include neuroma management and pain relief. However, the literature assessing patient outcomes is lacking, specifically for lower limb amputees. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of TMR in reducing pain and enhancing functional outcomes for patients who have undergone lower limb amputation.
METHODS: A systematic review was performed by examining relevant studies between 2010 and 2023, focusing on pain reduction, functional outcomes and patient-reported quality of life measures.
RESULTS: In total, 20 studies were eligible encompassing a total of 778 extremities, of which 75.06% (n = 584) were lower limb amputees. Average age was 46.66 years and patients were predominantly male (n = 70.67%). Seven studies (35%) reported functional outcomes. Patients who underwent primary TMR exhibited lower average patient-reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS) scores for phantom limb pain (PLP) and residual limb pain (RLP). Secondary TMR led to improvements in PLP, RLP and general limb pain as indicated by average numeric rating scale and PROMIS scores.
CONCLUSION: The systematic review underscores TMR's potential benefits in alleviating pain, fostering post-amputation rehabilitation and enhancing overall well-being for lower limb amputees.
BACKGROUND: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have high potency against their therapeutic target and are widely used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Most DOACs are often claimed to have adverse effects due to off-target inhibition of essential proteins. Human serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1), one of the essential proteins, known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, could be affected by DOACs. Thus, a comparative evaluation of DOACs and their effect on PON1 protein will aid in recommending the most effective DOACs for AF treatment. This study aimed to assess the impact of DOACs on PON1 through a combination of computational and experimental analyses.
METHODS: We focus on apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban, the most recommended DOACs in AF treatment, for their impact on PON1 through molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to elucidate the binding affinity and drug-protein structural stability. This investigation revealed the most influential DOACs on the PON1 protein. Then experimental validation was performed in DOAC-treated AF participants (n = 42; 19 treated with dabigatran and 23 treated with rivaroxaban) compared to a healthy control group (n = 22) through gene expression analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and serum enzyme concentration.
RESULTS: Our computational investigation showed rivaroxaban (-4.24 kcal/mol) exhibited a lower affinity against the PON1 protein compared to apixaban (-5.97 kcal/mol) and dabigatran (-9.03 kcal/mol) through molecular docking. Dabigatran holds complex interactions with PON1 at GLU53, TYR197, SER193, and ASP269 by forming hydrogen bonds. Additionally, MD simulation revealed that dabigatran disrupts PON1 stability, which may contribute functional changes. Further experimental validation revealed a significant down-regulation (p < 0.05) of PON1 gene expression in PBMC and decreased serum PON1 enzyme concentration on DOAC treatment. Rivaroxaban as about 48% has inhibitory percentage and dabigatran as about 75% of inhibitory percentage compared to healthy control.
CONCLUSION: Overall, our computational and experimental results clearly show the higher inhibitory effect of dabigatran than rivaroxaban. Hence, rivaroxaban will be a better drug candidate for improving the outcome of AF.
Galacto-oligosaccharides derived from multifunctional lactulose with immunomodulatory and prebiotic activity. The present invention claims the multifunctional nature of galactooligosaccharides derived from lactulose (gos-lactulose) using in vivo models (wistar rats) and in vitro using intestinal cell lines of human origin (caco-2 and ht29-mtx) validated as a model of intestinal epithelium. The main advantages derived from the use of this product are multiple and of great added value: improved prebiotic properties and additional to those of the commercial prebiotics usually used. This product is obtained either by direct transgalactosylation of lactulose using β-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae, or by transgalactosylation of lactose and subsequent chemical isomerization. The gos-lactulose object of the patent could be described as second generation prebiotics and, therefore, of high added value and superior to conventional prebiotics already marketed as lactulose or gos derived from lactose. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
REHem-AR was created in 2013. The progressive implementation of neonatal screening for haemoglobinopathies in Spanish autonomous communities where the registry had not been implemented, as well as the addition of new centres during this period, has considerably increased the sample of patients covered. In this study, we update our previous publication in this area, after a follow-up of more than 5 years. An observational, descriptive, multicentre and ambispective study of adult and paediatric patients with haemoglobinopathies and rare anaemias registered in REHem was performed. The data are from a cross-sectional analysis performed on 1 June, 2023. The study population comprised 1,756 patients, of whom 1,317 had SCD, 214 had thalassaemia and 224 were diagnosed with another condition. Slightly more than one third of SCD patients (37%) were diagnosed based on neonatal bloodspot screening, and the mean age at diagnosis was 2.5 years; 71% of thalassaemia patients were diagnosed based on the presence of anaemia. Vaso-occlusive crisis and acute chest syndrome continue to be the most frequent complications in SCD. HSCT was performed in 83 patients with SCD and in 50 patients with thalassaemia. Since the previous publication, REHem-AR has grown in size by more than 500 cases. SCD and TM are less frequent in Spain than in other European countries, although the data show that rare anaemias are frequent within rare diseases. REHem-AR constitutes an important structure for following the natural history of rare anaemias and enables us to calculate investment needs for current and future treatments.
BACKGROUND: Continence problems are known to be associated with disability in older adults. Costs of disability and resulting need for more supported living arrangements are high after a hip fracture. The aim was to examine pre-fracture urinary incontinence (UI) and double incontinence (DI, concurrent UI and fecal incontinence) as predictors of changes in mobility and living arrangements in older female hip fracture patients in a 1-year follow-up.
METHODS: Study population comprised 1,675 female patients aged ≥ 65 (mean age 82.7 ± 6.8) sustaining their first hip fracture between 2007-2019. Data on self-reported pre-fracture continence status was collected. The outcomes were declined vs. same or improved mobility level and need for more assisted vs same or less assisted living arrangements 1-year post-fracture. Separate cohorts of 1,226 and 1,055 women were generated for the mobility and living arrangements outcomes, respectively. Age- and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to determine the associations of UI, DI, and other baseline characteristics with the outcomes.
RESULTS: Of the patients, 39% had declined mobility or more assisted living arrangements at 1-year follow-up. Adjusting for age, both pre-fracture UI and DI were associated with changes in mobility and living arrangements. In the multivariable analysis, UI (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.41-2.51) and DI (1.99, 95% CI 1.21-3.27) were associated with decline in mobility level while only DI (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.22-4.75) remained associated with the need for more assisted living arrangements.
CONCLUSIONS: Both pre-fracture UI and DI in older women are risk factors for declining mobility level, but only DI for more supported living arrangements 1-year post-hip fracture. UI likely develops earlier in life and might not necessarily be strongly associated with the onset or increasing disability in later years. DI may indicate more marked vulnerability and burden to patients as well as to formal and informal caregivers.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a cosmetic composition having an excellent viscosity stability and usability by blending a specific associative thickening agent as a main component of a thickening agent. SOLUTION: This composition contains an associative thickening agent comprising a compound represented by the formula (R1, R2 and R4 are each a hydrocarbon group; R3 is a hydrocarbon group allowable to have a urethane bond; R5 is a linear, branched or secondary hydrocarbon group; m>=2; h>=1; (k) and (n) are each 0-1000). In the composition, preferably the associative thickening agent is included, by weight, from 0.01% to 10%. The composition preferably contains a water-soluble polymer. In this case, preferably the viscosity ratio of the water-soluble polymer to the associative thickening agent is 0.01-100. Moreover, in the composition, a polyhydric lower alcohol or a monohydric lower alcohol is included. In this case, the content of each lower alcohol is preferably 0.1 wt.%-30 wt.%.
Ovarian cancer represents the most lethal gynecological malignancy with high invasiveness. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. However, the role of ALOX5 in EMT and cancer metastasis in ovarian cancer (OC) remain unclear. In this study, ALOX5 was significantly upregulated in tumorous and metastatic tissue compared with normal tissue. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of ALOX5 promoted cell migration and invasion, while silencing of ALOX5 suppressed migration and invasion in OC cell lines. Mechanistically, we found that enhanced expression of ALOX5 promoted EMT and cancer metastasis through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, whereas SNAIl inhibited the transcription of CDH1 in OC cells. Taken together, our results highlight a role for the ALOX5/PI3K/AKT/ SNAI1 axis in OC, which provides novel strategies for the prevention of metastasis in OC.