anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Community-based programmes are a widely implemented approach for population health promotion. Due to the context-dependent and dynamic nature of these programmes, evaluating their implementation is challenging. Identifying key events in the implementation process in evaluation could enable us to support future implementation, while acknowledging the complexity of real-world implementation. We studied the nationwide implementation of the Dutch Healthy Youth, Healthy Future (JOGG) approach, a community-based programme for childhood overweight prevention. The aims of our study were (i) to gain insights into the implementation process of the JOGG approach, and (ii) to identify key events that influenced said process. In nine communities, we conducted interviews (n = 24) with coordinators and stakeholders involved in the implementation of the JOGG approach and collected documents on the programme's implementation. We applied the analytical tool 'Critical Event Card' to identify key events in the implementation process. Results showed that in 5-10 years of implementing the JOGG approach, communities have undergone different phases: preparation, upscaling, resource mobilization, integration with other policy initiatives and adaptation of the implementation strategy. Key events influencing the implementation process included national policy developments (e.g. new health programmes), framing of the JOGG approach in local policy, staff turnover and coordination teams' experiences and actions. Furthermore, changes in implementation were often triggered by the destabilization of the implementation process and linked to opportunities for change in the policy process. The identified key events can inform future implementation of the JOGG approach as well as other community-based health promotion programmes.
Nitrofurantoin Oral Suspension, USP is specifically indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections when due to susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and certain susceptible strains of Klebsiella and Enterobacter species.

Nitrofurantoin is not indicated for the treatment of pyelonephritis or perinephric abscesses.

Nitrofurantoins lack the broader tissue distribution of other therapeutic agents approved for urinary tract infections. Consequently, many patients who are treated with Nitrofurantoin Oral Suspension, USP are predisposed to persistence or reappearance of bacteriuria. Urine specimens for culture and susceptibility testing should be obtained before and after completion of therapy. If persistence or reappearance of bacteriuria occurs after treatment with Nitrofurantoin Oral Suspension, USP, other therapeutic agents with broader tissue distribution should be selected. In considering the use of Nitrofurantoin Oral Suspension, USP, lower eradication rates should be balanced against the increased potential for systemic toxicity and for the development of antimicrobial resistance when agents with broader tissue distribution are utilized.
Buprenorphine is a partial agonist at the mu-opioid receptor and chronic administration produces physical dependence of the opioid type, characterized by withdrawal signs and symptoms upon abrupt discontinuation. The withdrawal syndrome is milder than that seen with full agonists and may be delayed in onset [see Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9.3)] . 

Withdrawal signs and symptoms were not observed in the month following discontinuation of SUBLOCADE. Considering the long half-life, any withdrawal signs and symptoms that may occur would be expected to be delayed [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.2)] . Model simulations indicate that steady-state buprenorphine plasma concentrations decreased slowly over time following the last injection and remained at therapeutic levels for 2 to 5 months on average, depending on the dosage administered (100 or 300 mg, respectively). 

Patients who elect to discontinue treatment with SUBLOCADE should be monitored for withdrawal signs and symptoms. Consider transmucosal buprenorphine if needed to treat withdrawal after discontinuing SUBLOCADE.
BACKGROUND: ND2 in Ho Chi Minh City is currently the only public center that performs PLT in Southern Vietnam. In 2005, the first PLT was successfully performed, with support from Belgian experts. This study reviews the implementation of PLT at our center and evaluates the results and challenges.
METHODS: Implementation of PLT at ND2 required medico-surgical team building and extensive improvement of hospital facilities. Records of 13 transplant recipients from 2005 to 2020 were studied retrospectively. Short- and long-term complications, as well as the survival rates, were reported.
RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 8.3 ± 5.7 years. Surgical complications included one case of hepatic artery thrombosis that was successfully repaired, one case of colon perforation resulting in death from sepsis, and two cases of bile leak that were drained surgically. PTLD was observed in five patients, of whom three died. There were no cases of retransplantation. The 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year patient survival rates were 84.6%, 69.2%, and 69.2%, respectively. There were no cases of complication or death among the donors.
CONCLUSION: Living-donor PLT was developed at ND2 for providing a life-saving treatment to children with end-stage liver disease. Early surgical complication rate was low, and the patient survival rate was satisfactory at 1 year. Long-term survival decreased considerably due to PTLD. Future challenges include surgical autonomy and improvement of long-term medical follow-up with a particular emphasis on prevention and management of Epstein-Barr virus-related disease.
Over the last decades, surgical complication rates have fallen drastically. With the introduction of new surgical techniques coupled with specific evidence-based perioperative care protocols, patients today run half the risk of complications compared with traditional care. Many patients who in previous years needed weeks of hospital care now recover and can leave in days. These remarkable improvements are achieved by using nutritional stress-reducing care elements for the surgical patient that reduce metabolic stress and allow for the return of gut function. This new approach to nutritional care and how it is delivered as an integral part of enhancing recovery after surgery are outlined in this review. We also summarize the new and increased understanding of the effects of the routes of delivering nutrition and the role of the gut, as well as the current recommendations for artificial nutritional support.
FIELD: organic chemistry, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to novel derivatives of propionic acid of the formula (I)   where R means the group of the formula (II)   or (III)  ; R' means phenyl or benzothienyl; R 5  means lower alkyl; R 4  means hydrogen atom; R 6  means hydrogen atom or in common with R 9  it forms a double bond; R 7  means carboxy-group, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted carbamoyl, arylhydroxycarbonyl, aralkylhydroxycarbonyl or the group of the formula -Y-R 8  where Y means -NH- or oxygen atom; R 8  means acyl-group or alcoxycarbonyl-group; R 9  means hydrogen atom, optionally substituted lower alkyl or lower alkoxycarbonyl- -group; R 10  means hydroxy-group optionally substituted with lower alkyl, amino-group, lower alkoxy-group, lower alkyl, phenoxy-group or aralkylhydroxy-group under condition that if R 7  means alkoxycarbonyl-group and R 9  means hydrogen atom then R 10  is not lower alkoxy-group; or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Invention relates to also a pharmaceutical composition eliciting hypoglycaemic activity and containing the compound of the formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or other additions. Derivatives of propionic acid can be used as therapeutic agents for treatment of diabetic patients. EFFECT: development of new compounds used for treatment of diabetic patients. 7 cl, 2 tbl, 63 ex
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To identify tablets even if the front/rear of the tablets cannot be specified by assuming an article belongs to an inputted category when at least one of two calculated Mahalanobis' distance is within a prescribed threshold distance. SOLUTION: A distance calculation expression derivation processing 105 obtains 'Mahalanobis' distance' calculation expressions for every group (A or B) for every tablet brand by using the feature vector of many tablet samples which are inputted up to the present. In an identification phase, the unknown table and a brand group, whose corresponding is not known, are set to be inputs. In an identification processing 107, identification is executed by using the general-distance of corresponding to the reference vectors of the groups A and B, which is calculates in the general distance calculation processing 106. When the Mahalanobis' distance corresponding to either the group A or the group B is within a prescribed threshold distance, the tablet is judged to correspond to the inputted brand.  When it is not, the tablet is judged so that it does not correspond to the brand and the result is outputted.
Participants receive IV cixutumumab every 2 or 3 weeks. A cycle equals 6 weeks, with radiological evaluation of tumor response after each cycle. After 1st cycle, pts with a complete response (CR), PR, or SD continue to receive cixutumumab cohort dose and schedule disease progression. 3 pts enroll in each cohort. Starting dose in Cohort 1 is 6 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Dose escalation from Cohort 1 to Cohort 2 (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks) occurs at least 3 pts in Cohort 1 completes 1 cycle of therapy. Enrollment into Cohort 3 (starting dose: 15 mg/kg administered every 3 weeks) will not proceed until at least 3 pts have completed one cycle of therapy in Cohort 2. Pts enroll in Cohort 4 once at least 3 pts have completed once cycle of therapy in Cohort 3; pts in Cohort 4 receive 20 mg/kg every 3 weeks.
The present applicant has already developed a method of obtaining a substitute of lanolin and derivatives (lanolin alcohol, etc.) which can absorb up to at least twice the weight thereof in water or aqueous solution or aqueous suspension.  Said substitute of lanolin and derivatives (lanolin alcohol, etc.) forms real emulsions which are stable over time, which have a water retention power greater than that of lanolin and which possess the known emollient, hydrating and occlusive properties of lanolin.  The invention relates to the production of novel substitutes of lanolin and derivatives (lanolin alcohol, etc.) which also have other organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics of lanolin, such as the feel, colour, iodine number and melting point thereof.  The novel substitutes of lanolin and derivatives (lanolin alcohol, etc.) are obtained by hemi-synthesis from a mixture of saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids, saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acid esters, saturated and/or unsaturated hydrocarbons or saturated and/or unsaturated derivatives of same and compounds comprising or generating hydroxyl functions, such as glycerol, preferably without a catalyst and in an oxygen-depleted atmosphere.  In addition, the invention involves standard heat treatment or, preferably, dielectric heating.  Said substitutes are suitable for use in any current or future lanolin application in cosmetics, pharmaceutics, veterinary medicine, dermatology and in industrial applications (waxes, lubricants, etc.), etc.
Pulp plays an important role in the formation and nutrition of dentin as well as in the innervation and defense of the teeth. The primary pulp function is dentin formation, which begins in the moment that the peripheric mesenchimal cells differentiate into odontoblasts and starts the deposition of collagen matrix, in a sequence of deposition/mineralization that ends with the complete tooth formation. Even after the initial formation, pulp continues to physiologically produce dentin due to the tooth aging. Reparative dentin may also be produced in response to physical and/or chemical injuries. Odontoblasts maintain their processes inside the newly formed tissue, thus creating real channels that are responsible for dentin nutrition. changes in the flow of the fluid in the dentinal tubules can trigger pain receptors present on nerve endings in the pulpal aspect to fire nerve impulses, thereby causing pain . This hydrodynamic flow can be increased by changes in temperature, humidity, air pressure and osmotic pressure, or forces acting on the tooth. Hot or cold foods and drinks, and physical pressure are typical triggers in people with dentin hypersensitivity.
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) display a substantial increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, the prognosis of CVD in CKD is extremely poor. Understanding the pathophysiology of CVD in CKD might help to develop treatment strategies to reduce its morbidity and mortality. Traditional CV risk factors for the general population, such as diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia, are more common in patients with CKD, but cannot entirely explain the increased CV risk. Compelling evidence suggests that the uremic milieu itself plays a critical role in the development and progression of CVD in CKD. The gut microbiota is markedly altered in CKD. Fermentation of protein and amino acids by certain gut microbiota results in the generation of different uremic toxins. p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) is among the most representative gut-derived uremic toxins implicated in the pathogenesis of CVD in CKD (JAHA 6:e005022, 2017). However, there remained no clear cut-off value of fasting plasma PCS for unfavorable clinical outcomes (Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4:1551-8, 2009). The benefit of adding an orally administered adsorbent (AST-120) to standard therapy in unselected patients with moderate to severe CKD is also not supported by data from a recent randomized controlled trial (J Am Soc Nephrol 26:1732-46, 2015).

It has been shown that uremic toxicity is related to the peak rather than the time-averaged urea concentration (Perit Dial Int 9:257-60, 1989). PCS is mainly produced from the metabolism of dietary tyrosine by gut bacteria. PCS concentration may fluctuate widely from time to time in response to meals. A postprandial plasma PCS might theoretically reflect the pathophysiological level of PCS. Thus, we plan to establish an oral tyrosine challenge test (OTCT) to simulate the postprandial plasma PCS among patients with CKD to identify "PCS producers" who are likely to be at high risk for CVD and are more likely to respond to adsorbent therapy. The OTCT survey is integrated with dietary patterns, gut microbiome, and serum biochemistry to assess PCS synthesis capacity from host-diet-microbiota interactions.
Anesthesia was induced by intravenous injection of esketamine 0.5 mg/kg. Propofol 2 mg/kg and rocuronium 0.9 mg/kg were subsequently administered intravenously. After rocuronium took effect, double-chamber tracheal tube intubation was performed under the guidance of video laryngoscope, and fixed after the bronchoscopic examination, anesthesia ventilator was connected for mechanical ventilation, tidal volume was 6 mL/kg (ideal body weight), respiratory rate was 12-16 times /min, and end-expiratory partial pressure of carbon dioxide was maintained at 35-45 mmHg. Intraoperative anesthesia was maintained with the initial intravenous pump of propofol (5 mg/kg/h) and esketamine (0.5 mg/kg/h) first , and then adjusted according to the depth of anesthesia. Paravertebral nerve blocks were performed at T4 and T6 levels with ropivacaine (0.5%, 10 ml) under ultrasound guidance.
The invention relates to the treatment of Parkinson patients with motor complications in need of Continuous Dopaminergic Stimulation. According to the invention a kit of pharmaceutical preparations is provided comprising levodopa and an AADC-inhibitor. Levodopa is applied via continuous subcutaneous infusion and Continuous Dopaminergic Stimulation is achieved by almost complete inhibition of the peripheral levodopa metabolism. To reach far-going blockage of levodopa metabolism, an AADC-inhibitor (e.g., benserazide, carbidopa) is given orally in a higher than normal dose and, as an indispensable prerequisite, the AADC-inhibitor has to be applied evenly distributed over the day, e.g., via a Modified Release formulation. In order to prevent levodopa conjugation over the COMT pathway, an oral COMT-inhibitor (e.g., opicapone) is also added. In addition, a drug-drug-interaction between the AADC-inhibitor and opicapone further increasing the activity of the former is likely to occur.The resulting effective inhibition of peripheral levodopa metabolism allows a marked reduction of the necessary (equivalent) levodopa (or prodrug) doses to 300 - 600 mg/day, which is, however, sufficient to reach high levodopa plasma levels of 1500 to 3000 ng/ml. The low daily levodopa dose is infused subcutaneously via minipump and is well-tolerated at the infusion site. The high steady-state levodopa plasma levels reached, allow effective Continuous Dopaminergic Stimulation-therapy for Parkinson's disease patients of any degree of severity. As additional benefit, the largely AADC-inhibition prevents the peripheral generation of dopamine and the cumbersome dopaminergic adverse effects (e.g., nausea, cardiovascular and gastro-intestinal adverse effects) are prevented.
The Neolithic communities of Eastern Sudan combined intensive pastoralism with plant exploitation as their main subsistence strategies. However, to date, it remains unclear which plant species were part of the human diet during the Neolithic. This contribution presents direct data on plant consumption in Eastern Sudan from the Early to Late Neolithic, obtained through the analysis of microdebris inclusions in the dental calculus of 37 individuals, integrated by dentoalveolar pathology analysis of 78 individuals, from the sites UA53 (4th millennium BCE) and Mahal Teglinos (3rd-2nd millennium BCE), located in the Gash Delta/Kassala region. Dental calculus inclusions indicate a diverse intake of cereals, legumes, and tubers during the Middle Neolithic, thus supporting the hypothesis of high reliance on plant resources. Dentoalveolar pathologies, possibly related to the consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods, have also been recorded. For the Late Neolithic, consistent with the shift towards aridity that occurred in the Middle/Late Holocene, dental calculus exclusively indicates the exploitation of sorghum and tubers-species well adapted to arid conditions-showing how the Neolithic communities modified their subsistence in response to environmental changes. Evidence of plant processing techniques, such as cooking/heating, was also revealed from the dental calculus analysis.
The invention provides a film coating used for stomach invigorating and digestion promoting tablets, and a preparation method thereof. The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal auxiliary material production. In prior arts, bulging and cracking are easy to appear when HPMC coating films are moistened; adhesion of HPMC coating films is poor; and during a chewing process, the films are easy to be separated from tablet cores, such that the mouthfeel of the product is influenced. With the film coating provided by the invention, the defects are solved. The film coating mainly comprises lactose, pectin and polyethylene glycol 4000. Lactose and pectin are prepared into a framework material of the film. With the framework material, water resistance and flexibility of a produced coating is better than those of a currently commonly used coating with HPMC as a framework material formula. Polyethylene glycol 4000 provides good water solubility and intermiscibility with lactose and pectin. The weight ratio of lactose to pectin to polyethylene glycol 4000 is 1:0.5:0.3. The film coating provided by the invention is mainly used in productions of stomach invigorating and digestion promoting tablets.
We examined the effects of physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI) longitudinal patterns (trajectories) on subjective measures of mobility, function, and disability in adults and assessed whether effects of PA trajectories on function varied due to BMI. Group-based trajectory analyses were used to determine patterns of change in PA and BMI using data from the Health and Retirement Study 1931-1941 birth cohort (n = 10,507). Physical function was assessed by Mobility Limitations (0-5 scale) and Large Muscle Function (0-4 scale) Indexes, as well as with score for activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), with higher scores being worse. Our analyses estimated four distinct PA trajectories: decreasing, (2) fluctuating, (3) stable high, and (4) emergent (previously low/sedentary with increased PA over the study period). Worse mobility limitations, large muscle function, ADLs, and IADLs were associated with Decreasing and Fluctuating PA groups. Better outcomes were associated with Emergent and Stable High PA groups. The five BMI trajectories were stable normal/overweight, modest decreasing, fluctuating, steep decreasing, and increasing. No significant interaction existed between PA and BMI trajectories for Mobility Limitations (P= 0.577), Large Muscle Function (P= 0.511), ADLs (P= 0.600), and IADLs (P= 0.152). These findings may empower clinicians to promote messages to midlifers that meaningful changes in PA can improve function in older age.
Although more than 75% of women who smoke want to quit, they do not have the same success that men have. This is of particular concern as premenopausal women smokers are more likely to experience smoking-related morbidity and mortality than men smokers. Further, mothers are the primary source of secondhand smoke exposure in children. Quitlines are broad reaching, cost-effective programs that disseminate smoking cessation treatment; however, little research has focused on tailoring quitline programs for women. The goal of this study is to investigate how the quit interventions can be informed by the menstrual cycle to improve cessation outcomes in women. This study will enroll 116 women between 18-40 years of age from the Arizona Smokers' Helpline. Menstrual phase identification will be determined using methods from published recommendations. Consistent with existing quitline protocols, participants will receive 4-weeks of NRT (patch) concurrent with six-weeks of telephone-based behavioral coaching. Data will be collected at Baseline, Week 0 (quit day), Week 1, Week 4 (end of treatment), and a follow-up at Month 3 using telephone interviews, validated questionnaires, and dried blood spots (to measure sex hormones to verify menstrual phase and cotinine to verify smoking status). Primary outcomes include determining acceptability and feasibility of this menstrual-cycle based intervention (recruitment and retention rate, the ability to correctly identify the menstrual phase, and overall participant study satisfaction). Smoking cessation outcomes (self-report and/or biochemically verified) will be assessed at Week 1, Week 4 (end of treatment), and at Month 3 follow-up. Finally, we will explore menstrual phase differences in theoretically-relevant factors known to be associated with smoking cessation (e.g., social support, weight concerns, urge coping). Study results will guide protocol development and generate hypotheses for larger-scaled randomized controlled trials. This study is novel and pragmatic, integrating emerging evidence for the role of menstrual-cycle timed quit dates with state-of-the-science quitline cessation programs. If successful, this model can be cost-effectively replicated within state and national quitline programs. It can address the unique barriers to smoking behavior change among premenopausal women, increase successful quit outcomes and reduce disease risk associated with high tobacco-related morbidity rates.