anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Patients with pancreatic and biliary tract cancer suffer from weight loss, malnutrition and cachexia. These factors are associated with poor prognosis, reduction in quality of life and a higher risk of complications during treatment. Moreover, patients undergo fasting periods during their diagnostic work-up at hospital that worsens malnutrition.

This is a prospective randomized monocentric study to investigate, whether parenteral nutritional supplementation may have an impact on weight loss, nutritional status, quality of life and length of hospital stay in patients with tumors of the pancreas or biliary tract. Patients either receive 1 l Olimel peri 2.5 %® (Baxter Germany GmbH Medication Delivery, Unterschleißheim, Germany containing 700 kcal, 25.3 g protein, 30.0 g fat and 75.0 g glucose) on fasting days or 1 l of isotonic fluid (E153, Berlin-Chemie AG, Berlin, Germany) in the control group. A hospital stay of at least three days is required. Patients are assessed for anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, quality of life and length of hospital stay.
1345327 Hydroxocobalamin derivatives J BOIGE 28 Oct 1971 [28 Oct 1970 13 May 1971] 51242/70 and 14784/71 Heading C2V A derivative of hydroxocobalamin comprises a complex in which the hydroxyl group of the hydroxocobalamin is blocked by the amino group of an amino acid of formula where n is 1 or 2 and when n is 1 then R is hydrogen, methyl, and when n is 2 then R is hydrogen. The derivative is prepared by reacting the hydroxocobalamin with the amino acid in aqueous solution at ambient temperature, the pH being maintained at between 6À2 and 8À6. When the reaction is complete, crystallization is induced by adding a water-miscible organic liquid which does not dissolve hydroxocobalamin, e.g. acetone. The amino acid may be glycine, alphaalanine, beta-alanine, aspartic acid or glutamic acid. Examples are given. A pharmaceutical composition comprises the above-described derivative together with suitable diluents or carriers. (From GB1345327 A) [FR2111895A1]
Method and apparatus are disclosed for applying a therapeutic amount of a vasoconstrictor within the vaginal canal to control abnormal uterine bleeding. The abnormal bleeding can be due to excessive menstrual blood flow, bleeding from a surgical procedure, postpartum bleeding or any other acute or chronic condition. The vasoconstrictor includes topical agents such as an alpha-adrenergic agonist, for example oxymetazoline. The vasoconstrictor can be applied within the vaginal canal using any of many delivery apparatus. The vasoconstrictor can be included on a carrier member that is positioned in the vaginal canal and remains in place for a period of time, such as a tampon. In some embodiments, the carrier member can be a polymer ring or other shape that is inserted in the upper portion of the vaginal canal, such as the formix area.
Each Investigator will be allowed to treat up to 3 roll-in subjects with the Spring Implant prior to initiation of randomization. Roll-in patients will be followed for 60 months.
Intrathecal (IT) adjuvants prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia and postoperative analgesia thereby reducing the requirement of postoperative supplemental analgesics. The incorporation of adjuvants also lowers the overall dose of local anesthetic and hence associated side effects. Morphine has been used widely to alleviate various types of pain and to supplement general anesthesia. On the other hand, morphine has been reported to possess some immunosuppressive effects. Postoperative immunity is also important in conjunction with defence against malignant tumour. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2 agonist with analgesia, sedation, anxiolysis, and sympatholysis as its useful pharmacological actions. The extended analgesic efficacy of IT dexmedetomidine (ITD) in the postoperative period has been shown in a few clinical studies. In addition, current insights have identified that dexmedetomidine has a capacity in inhibiting the overproduction of a variety of inflammatory molecules including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in several acute inflammatory animal models.
This project is designed to remedy unaddressed and interlocking HIV-prevention and mental health needs among gay and bisexual men (GBM) in the Central Eastern European country of Romania, and their underpinning stigma-related mechanisms. Rampant stigma contributes to the increasing prevalence of HIV among Romanian GBM (from under 10% in 2009 to close to 20% in 2014, by best available estimates) and keeps GBM out-of-reach of HIV-prevention services. An mHealth pilot intervention (titled "Despre Mine. Despre Noi." (DMDN) translated as "About Me. About Us."), which reduced Romanian GBM's risk for HIV infection while also reducing depression and alcohol abuse in an initial pre-post trial, is now ready for testing in a randomized controlled trial with a large national sample in the current study, entitled Comunică (translation: Communicate).

The Comunică intervention entails eight 60-minute live chat sessions delivered by trained counselors on a mobile study platform using motivational interviewing (MI) and cognitive-behavioral skills training (CBST). First, during pre-trial (months 1-5), in collaboration with a community advisory board consisting of GBM community members, GBM-affirmative physical and mental health providers, and a technical developer, the investigators will fine-tune the Comunică intervention based on the investigators' pilot findings and evaluation interviews, and expand the original DMDN education materials for an education attention condition (EAC) that will serve as control. Second, during the intervention phase (mos 6-45), the investigators will recruit, screen, assess, and randomize GBM at risk for HIV infection and alcohol abuse to either the Comunică intervention (n=163) or EAC (n=163). The conditions are content matched, and both are hosted on the study platform. While Comunică will consist of eight weekly mHealth live chat sessions, EAC will consist of eight self-administered educational modules. Third, during the follow-up phase (mos 8-55), the investigators will assess at 4, 8, and 12 months post-baseline, in a mobile fashion identical to the baseline, the primary outcome of condomless anal sex with male partners and secondary outcomes of alcohol abuse, depression, biologic HIV/STI infection, HIV/STI testing, and psychosocial mechanisms rooted in the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model (e.g., HIV/STI knowledge, condom use self-efficacy) and minority stress theory (e.g., identity concealment, internalized homophobia).
Disclosed are alginate formulations that help protect digestive enzymes in the formulations from denaturation during passage through the acidic stomach environment, and from other sources, following ingestion. The formulation changes consistency to permit release of the enzymes in the less-acidic gut. They contain monovalent alginate salts (sodium, potassium and ammonium alginate) but are designed to not include significant quantities of compounds which would generate divalent ions and thereby convert the monovalent alginate to a divalent alginate when exposed to aqueous solution. A buffering agent that does not react with the digestive enzymes or the monovalent alginate, and which does not generate divalent ions on exposure to aqueous solution, can be included. A chelating agent which binds divalent ions may be administered with the formulation. Additionally, the formulation may be admixed with inert excipients suitable for oral delivery. It is preferable that the ingredients are dried before formulation.
Participants will take an oral dose three times a day (with or without food) for 12 cycles. A cycle is defined as 28 days. Participants with a partial response or stable disease with a previously progressive tumor and/or clinical improvement can continue therapy for an additional 12 cycles for a total of 24 cycles.
Usual care reflects the standard treatment currently provided to adolescents living with type 1 diabetes. Every adolescent with diabetes is cared for by a team of diabetes specialists which includes a provider (MD, Physician Assistant and/or Nurse Practitioner), registered nurse, nutritionist and social worker. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes are seen by their multidisciplinary team approximately every 3 months. In addition, they have access to their multidisciplinary care team via telephone and/or MyChart communication as often as is necessary between clinic visits.
Initial dose will be started with 60mg per day. At 4 week follow-up after the procedure, dose titration upto 120 mg per day will be made if the patient is not hypotensive.
A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial was designed for assessing the effect of single-vision spectacles on myopic progression. 30 myopic subjects, aged 6-16 years old, with a spherical equivalent refraction between -0.50D and -6.00D, were recruited. A random number table was used to allocate participants into either a) part-time use of single-vision spectacles, or b) full-time use of single-vision spectacles. Part-time use was for 4-6 hours a day, 7 days a week for a year. Clinical assessment included follow-up at 6 months and at 12 months upon allocation. The primary outcomes were a) change in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) measured by cycloplegic autorefraction, and b) change in axial eye length (AL). The secondary outcomes were a) change in choroidal thickness (ChT), and b) assessment of the subjective tolerance.
The present disclosure provides a cDNA, protein sequence, and genomic structure of the human cardiac isoform of myosin light chain kinase (cMLCK), and described mutations in the cMLCK gene that are associated with cardiac dysfunction. Methods are provided for identifying individuals who can harbor mutations in the cMLCK gene, or carry alleles that can predisposed them to cardiac dysfunction. Disclosed also is a significant role for cMLCK in modulating cardiac contractility. Thew cMLCK protein is shown herein to reduce the amplitude of stretch activation and increase the tension production, a property of muscle which has heretofore had an inknown role in cardiac contraction. Moreover, the cMLCK protein is shown to be regionally distributed in the heart, thereby having differential effects on contractility and stretch activation. Methods herein are provided to exploit this effect of cMLCK, to treat individuals who have or are prone to cardiac dysfunction. In addition, methods are provided to identify agents that modulate cMLCK activity, thereby having potential therapeutic importance in the treatment of cardiac dysfunction.
Mechanism of Action:   
The mechanism of the effects of cilostazol on the symptoms of intermittent claudication is not fully understood. Cilostazol and several of its metabolites are cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase III inhibitors (PDE III inhibitors), inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity and suppressing cAMP degradation with a resultant increase in cAMP in platelet and blood vessels, leading to inhibition of platelet aggregation and vasodilation, respectively.

Cilostazol reversibly inhibits platelet aggregation induced by a variety of stimuli, including thrombin, ADP, collagen, arachidonic acid, epinephrine, and shear stress. Effects on circulating plasma lipids have been examined in patients taking cilostazol. After 12 weeks, as compared to placebo, cilostazol 100 mg b.i.d. produced a reduction in triglycerides of 29.3 mg/dL (15%) and an increase in HDL-cholesterol of 4.0 mg/dL ( ≅10%).

Cardiovascular Effects:   
Cilostazol affects both vascular beds and cardiovascular function. It produces non-homogeneous dilation of vascular beds, with greater dilation in femoral beds than in vertebral, carotid, or superior mesenteric arteries. Renal arteries were not responsive to the effects of cilostazol.

In dogs or cynomolgous monkeys, cilostazol increased heart rate, myocardial contractile force, and coronary blood flow as well as ventricular automaticity, as would be expected for a PDE III inhibitor. Left ventricular contractility was increased at doses required to inhibit platelet aggregation. A-V conduction was accelerated. In humans, heart rate increased in a dose-proportional manner by a mean of 5.1 and 7.4 beats per minute in patients treated with 50 and 100 mg b.i.d., respectively. In 264 patients evaluated with Holter monitors, numerically more cilostazol-treated patients had increases in ventricular premature beats and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia events than did placebo-treated patients; the increases were not dose-related.

Pharmacokinetics:  
Cilostazol is absorbed after oral administration. A high fat meal increases absorption, with an approximately 90% increase in Cmax and a 25% increase in AUC. Absolute bioavailability is not known. Cilostazol is extensively metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes, mainly 3A4, and, to a lesser extent, 2C19, with metabolites largely excreted in urine. Two metabolites are active, with one metabolite appearing to account for at least 50% of the pharmacologic (PDE III inhibition) activity after administration of cilostazol. Pharmacokinetics are approximately dose proportional. Cilostazol and its active metabolites have apparent elimination half-lives of about 11-13 hours. Cilostazol and its active metabolites accumulate about 2-fold with chronic administration and reach steady state blood levels within a few days. The pharmacokinetics of cilostazol and its two major active metabolites were similar in healthy normal subjects and patients with intermittent claudication due to peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

The mean ± SEM plasma concentration-time profile at steady state after multiple dosing of cilostazol 100 mg b.i.d. is shown below:
Patients assigned to clopidogrel in addition to their standard care.(all patients will be on aspirin)We aim to study the effect of clopidogrel as dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with established coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes. Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease has been randomly treated with clopidogrel or placebo (45 each) for one week in addition to their standard care (including aspirin,75 mg once daily).
An electronic stethoscope (ES) is used to supply a given periodic cardiac murmur in each case via a digital-analog converter (AD) as a data sequence (DD) to a program-controlled computer (DC) which outputs diagnostic data (DP) about the cardiac murmur on an output unit (AG) by means of an analytical program. The cardiac murmur is to be classified quantitatively as regards preselectable reference cardiac murmurs without any further aids. Maxima-related period sections are selected from an enveloping function of the data sequence (DD), standardized in time and segmented, whereupon segment characteristics are formed and averaged for several period sections which are classified according to the appropriately processed reference characteristics of the reference cardiac murmurs stored in the reference memory (MM). The classification output is ordered according to relevance with regard to predetermined reference designations. The segment characteristics and reference characteristics can be archived in compact form on a data carrier (DT). This results in objective cardiovascular diagnosis even by auxiliary staff or trainees. <IMAGE>
The gastrointestinal apparatus hosts a bacterial population that quantifies to around 1011 microorganisms per gram of content with more than 400 different species. Its principal functions are: metabolic, trophic, and protective. The Lactobacillus reuteri (Reuterin®) is considered one of the few native species in the human intestinal tract. It is able to modulate the immune response CD4+ T-Helper to an ileum level. Lactobacillus reuteri isolated for the first time in 1980 is a heterofermantative species. Its probiotic activity is attributed to the ability to exercise an inhibitive effect on the pathogenic micro-organisms with a combination of mechanisms including the production of lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, antimicrobic substances and bactericide. Moreover, Lactobacillus reuteri is in a position to produce various short chain-like fat acids such as the acetic acid from the fermentation of carbohydrates. At last, it is in a position to produce a powerful antimicrob substance known as Reuterina that is capable of inhibiting the growth of many bacterial species including Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Clostridium and Sfafilococcus as well as fungi and protozoa, many of which are pathogens for man.

Among pathologies in which it is hypothesized that probiotics could have a possible therapeutic role, there is the diverticulosis disease. Approximately 20% of patients with colonic diverticula have intestinal disturbances and a reduction of the quality of life. Moreover approximately 20% of the patients with diverticulosis in the colon have at least 1 acute diverticulitis attack, characterized by pain, fever, abdominal defence, increment of the VES and neutrophil leucocytosis. Usually the acute diverticulitis episode can be controlled by medical therapy, but repeated episodes in time often lead to greater complications in the perforation, from the abdominal abscesses, from the fistulas and from the stenosis. The prevention of acute diverticulitis episodes is therefore very important so as to prevent greater complications of such pathology.

Until now, the scientific evidences have suggested the use of fibre and non-absorbable antibiotics (such as rifaximine) for the treatment of a non-complicated diverticular disease and for the prophylaxis of the feared complications. The extended use of antibiotics exposes to the risk of selecting resistant strains and there are no long-term studies on the outcome of the patients suffering from diverticulosis in continuous therapy with rifaximine and fibres. The therapy with Lactobacillus reuteri could be effective in the control of symptoms of the diverticular disease through its trophic action on coloncytes (thanks to the SCFA production), both through the modulation of the activity of the immune system and on the intestinal permeability. Moreover the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus reuteri against the pathogenic bacteria could be useful in the prevention and the treatment of acute diverticulitis episodes. Finally, thanks to its trophic role on the intestinal epithelium, Lactobacillus reuteri could help the mucosal cure of acute diverticulitis episodes.
Currently, pharmacotherapy provides successful seizure control in around 70% of patients with epilepsy; however, around 30% of cases are still resistant to available treatment. Therefore, effective anti-epileptic therapy still remains a challenge. In our study, we utilized two mouse lines selected for low (LA) and high (HA) endogenous opioid system activity to investigate the relationship between down- or upregulation of the opioid system and susceptibility to seizures. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is a compound commonly used for kindling of generalized tonic-clonic convulsions in animal models. Our experiments revealed that in the LA mice, PTZ produced seizures of greater intensity and shorter latency than in HA mice. This observation suggests that proper opioid system tone is crucial for preventing the onset of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Moreover, a combination of an opioid receptor antagonist-naloxone-and a GABA receptor agonist-diazepam (DZP)-facilitates a significant DZP-sparing effect. This is particularly important for the pharmacotherapy of neurological patients, since benzodiazepines display high addiction risk. In conclusion, our study shows a meaningful, protective role of the endogenous opioid system in the prevention of epileptic seizures and that disturbances in that balance may facilitate seizure occurrence.
BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer has the highest growth in incidence among patients aged ≥80 years. Discharge destination after hospitalization is increasingly recognized as a marker of return to baseline functional status. Our aim was to identify the preoperative and intraoperative predictors of non-home discharge in those aged 80 or older.
METHODS: The ACS-NSQIP pancreas-targeted database was queried to identify patients aged ≥80 years who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) from 2014 to 2020. Home discharge (HD) versus non-HD cohorts were compared using univariate logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of non-HD.
RESULTS: Non-HD was over twice as likely to occur in patients aged ≥80 years than in those aged 65-79 years (p < 0.01). Comorbidity factors significantly associated with non-HD in patients aged ≥80 years included COPD, hypertension, HF, lower preoperative albumin, but not obesity. Non-comorbidity factors included older age, female gender, ASA III-IV, preoperative dependent functional status, and transfer origin before PD.
CONCLUSION: Individuals ≥80 years have possibly delayed or lower rate of return to baseline functional status following PD compared to those aged 65-79 years. Predictors of non-HD can be identified to facilitate preoperative counseling and discharge planning, thus enhancing care workflow efficiency.
Immediate after initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation and randomization, the PEEP level is set to be at 8 centimetre of water with an inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) between 0.21 and 0.6. Thereafter, the PEEP level is adjusted to 1 centimetre of water higher to a minimum PEEP level of 10 with every 30 minutes.
Conray is indicated for use in excretory urography, cerebral angiography, peripheral arteriography, venography, arthrography, direct cholangiography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, contrast enhancement of computed tomographic brain images, cranial computerized angiotomography, intravenous digital subtraction angiography and arterial digital subtraction angiography. 

Conray may also be used for enhancement of computed tomographic scans performed for detection and evaluation of lesions in the liver, pancreas, kidneys, abdominal aorta, mediastinum, abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space. Continuous or multiple scans separated by intervals of 1 to 3 seconds during the first 30 to 90 seconds post-injection of the contrast medium (dynamic CT scanning) may provide enhancement of diagnostic significance, and may be of benefit in establishing diagnoses of certain lesions in these sites with greater assurance than is possible with CT alone, and in supplying additional features of the lesions. In other cases, the contrast agent may allow visualization of lesions not seen with CT alone, or may help to define suspicious lesions seen with unenhanced CT (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). Subsets of patients in whom delayed body CT scans might be helpful have not been identified. Inconsistent results have been reported and abnormal and normal tissues may be isodense during the time frame used for delayed CT scanning. The risks of such indiscriminate use of contrast media are well known and such use is not recommended. At present, consistent results have been documented using dynamic CT techniques only.