anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Cognitive frailty (CF) is the conjunction of cognitive impairment without dementia and physical frailty. While predictors of each element are well-researched, mechanisms of their co-occurrence have not been integrated, particularly in terms of relationships between social, psychological, and biological factors. This interdisciplinary scoping review set out to categorise a heterogenous multidisciplinary literature to identify potential pathways and mechanisms of CF, and research gaps. Studies were included if they used the definition of CF OR focused on conjunction of cognitive impairment and frailty (by any measure), AND excluded studies on specific disease populations, interventions, epidemiology or prediction of mortality. Searches used Web of Science, PubMed and Science Direct. Search terms included "cognitive frailty" OR (("cognitive decline" OR "cognitive impairment") AND (frail*)), with terms to elicit mechanisms, predictors, causes, pathways and risk factors. To ensure inclusion of animal and cell models, keywords such as "behavioural" or "cognitive decline" or "senescence", were added. 206 papers were included. Descriptive analysis provided high-level categorisation of determinants from social and environmental through psychological to biological. Patterns distinguishing CF from Alzheimer's disease were identified and social and psychological moderators and mediators of underlying biological and physiological changes and of trajectories of CF development were suggested as foci for further research.
Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a lysosomal lipid storage disease caused by NPC1 gene mutation. Our previous study found that, compared with wild-type (Npc1+/+ ) mice, the renal volume and weight of Npc1 gene mutant (Npc1-/- ) mice were significantly reduced. We speculate that Npc1 gene mutations may affect the basic structure of the kidneys of Npc1-/- mice, and thus affect their function. Therefore, we randomly selected postnatal Day 28 (P28) and P56 Npc1+/+ and Npc1-/- mice, and observed the renal structure and pathological changes by haematoxylin-eosin staining. The level of renal fibrosis was detected by immunofluorescence histochemical techniques, and western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and canonical Wnt signalling pathway related proteins. The results showed that compared with Npc1+/+ mice, the kidneys of P28 and P56 Npc1-/- mice underwent apoptosis and fibrosis; furthermore, there were obvious vacuoles in the cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells of P56 Npc1-/- mice, the cell bodies were loose and foam-like, and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway was abnormally activated. These results showed that Npc1 gene mutation can cause pathological changes in the kidneys of mice. As age increased, vacuoles developed in the cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells, and apoptosis of renal cells, abnormal activation of the Wnt signalling pathway, and promotion of renal fibrosis increased.
The invention relates to a mosquito-toxin-removing liniment which is an external medicine. The liniment aims against redness and itching caused by mosquito bites on human skins. If a dilute acid chemical should be adopted, and a treatment effect should be provided under a concentration causing no damage on human skins, hydrochloric acid is a best choice. Weight percentage of a water solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is 4-6%. Every 100ml of the water solution contains 4.007-6.167g of hydrochloric acid (HCl). The treatment characteristics of the liniment are that a curing speed is high. Itching can be relieved in 1min, and swelling can be subsided within a day.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been reported to be associated with N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in cancers. However, the underlying mechanism by which m6A methylation participates in HPV-related cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) remains largely unclear. In this study, we observed that m6A regulators methyltransferase like protein (METTL14) and insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) were upregulated in HPV-positive CSCC tissues and cell lines, and their high expression predicted poor prognosis for HPV-infected CSCC patients. Cellular functional experiments verified that HPV16 oncogenes E6/E7 upregulated the expression of METTL14 and IGF2BP3 to promote cell proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition of CSCC cells. Next, we found that E6/E7 stabilized fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1) mRNA and elevated FSCN1 expression in CSCC cells through upregulating METTL14/IGF2BP3-mediated m6A modification, and FSCN1 expression was also validated to be positively associated with worse outcomes of HPV-positive CSCC patients. Finally, HPV16-positive CSCC cell lines SiHa and CaSki were transfected with knockdown vector for E6/E7 or METTL14/IGF2BP3 and overexpressing vector for FSCN1, and functional verification experiments were performed through using MTT assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and tumour formation assay. Results indicated that knockdown of E6/E7 or METTL14/IGF2BP3 suppressed cell proliferation, migration and tumorigenesis, and accelerated cell apoptosis of HPV-positive CSCC cells. Their tumour-suppressive effects were abolished through overexpressing FSCN1. Overall, HPV E6/E7 advanced CSCC development through upregulating METTL14/IGF2BP3-mediated FSCN1 m6A modification.
SEREVENT DISKUS contains salmeterol xinafoate as the racemic form of the 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid salt of salmeterol. The active component of the formulation is salmeterol base, a selective beta2-adrenergic bronchodilator. The chemical name of salmeterol xinafoate is 4-hydroxy-α1-[[[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino]methyl]-1,3-benzenedimethanol, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylate. Salmeterol xinafoate has the following chemical structure:

Salmeterol xinafoate is a white powder with a molecular weight of 603.8, and the empirical formula is C25H37NO4•C11H8O3. It is freely soluble in methanol; slightly soluble in ethanol, chloroform, and isopropanol; and sparingly soluble in water.

SEREVENT DISKUS is a specially designed plastic device containing a double-foil blister strip of a powder formulation of salmeterol xinafoate intended for oral inhalation only. Each blister on the double-foil strip within the device contains 50 mcg of salmeterol administered as the salmeterol xinafoate salt in 12.5 mg of formulation containing lactose (which contains milk proteins). After a blister containing medication is opened by activating the device, the medication is dispersed into the airstream created by the patient inhaling through the mouthpiece.

Under standardized in vitro test conditions, SEREVENT DISKUS delivers 47 mcg when tested at a flow rate of 60 L/min for 2 seconds. In adult patients with obstructive lung disease and severely compromised lung function (mean FEV1 20% to 30% of predicted), mean peak inspiratory flow (PIF) through a DISKUS® inhalation device was 82.4 L/min (range: 46.1 to 115.3 L/min). 

The actual amount of drug delivered to the lung will depend on patient factors, such as inspiratory flow profile.
Peripheral blood and bone marrow samples are analyzed to assess gene expression using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcriptase-PCR assays and microarray assays. Genes to be studied include BAALC, ERB, EVI1, MLL, FLT3, NPM1, and CEBPA.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignancy whose prognosis and treatment outcome are influenced by many factors. Some studies have found that tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in cancer may contribute to prognosis and the prediction of immunotherapy efficacy However, the combined role of TLSs in NSCLC remains unclear. We accessed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases to obtain mRNA sequencing data and clinical information as the TCGA cohort, and used our own sample of 53 advanced NSCLC as a study cohort. The samples were divided into TLS+ and TLS- groups by pathological tissue sections. Patients of the TLS+ group had a better OS (p = 0.022), PFS (p = 0.042), and DSS (p = 0.004) in the TCGA cohort, and the results were confirmed by the study cohort (PFS, p = 0.012). Furthermore, our result showed that the count and size of TLSs are closely associated with the efficacy of immunotherapy. In addition, the TLS+ group was associated with better immune status and lower tumor mutation load. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), the expression levels of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells of different phenotypes were associated with TLSs. Overall, TLSs are a strong predictor of survival and immunotherapeutic efficacy in advanced NSCLC, and T cell-rich TLSs suggest a more ordered and active immune response site, which aids in the decision-making and application of immunotherapy in the clinic.
BACKGROUND: Severe keloids are difficult to treat. Corticosteroid injections with needles are painful and associated with frequent recurrences. Therefore, more effective, safe and patient-friendly alternative treatments are urgently needed.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy, tolerability and patient satisfaction of intralesional bleomycin treatment using a needle-free electronic pneumatic jet injector (EPI) in severe keloids.
METHODS: Patients with severe keloids were included in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with split-lesion design. Three EPI treatments with bleomycin or saline were administered every 4 weeks in the intervention and control sides. Outcome measures were change in scar volume assessed by three-dimensional imaging, Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), skin perfusion with laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), spilled volume, procedure-related pain, adverse events and patient satisfaction.
RESULTS: Fourteen patients (nine female, five male) were included. The estimated mean keloid volume was significantly reduced by 20% after EPI-assisted bleomycin, compared with a slight increase of 3% in the control side (P < 0.01). The estimated mean POSAS patient and observer scores decreased by respectively 28% and 20% (P = 0.03 and P = 0.001). LSCI showed no significant change in perfusion. EPI treatment was preferred over previous needle injections in 85% of patients. The estimated mean spilled volume after EPI was around 50%, and numerical rating scale pain scores were moderate. Adverse events included bruising, hyperpigmentation and transient superficial necrosis.
CONCLUSIONS: A course of three EPI-assisted bleomycin injections is efficacious and well tolerated in severe keloids. Moreover, EPI was preferred by most patients and may serve as a patient-friendly alternative treatment.
Adults with ASD and their study partners (i.e., spouse, parent, other family member or friend) will attend weekly 1.5 hour meetings for 16 weeks, during which, behavioral intervention strategies will be used to teach skills for improving social relationships and handling social rejection. Participants will be assigned homework assignments each week to practice skills they are learning in a real-world setting.
NEW MATERIAL:Compounds of formula I (A is 8-18C fatty acid residue). EXAMPLE:Palmitoyl pseudouridine. USE:An immunogene for production of an antipseudouridine antibody and a hapten for production of a monoclonal antibody. PREPARATION:A pseudouridine represented by formula II is used as the starting raw material and reacted with a halide or an anhydride of a fatty acid expressed by formula A-X or (A)2O (X is halogen) in the presence of a basic compound (e.g. pyridine or triethylamine) in an inert solvent (e.g. benzene, chloroform or THF).
Use of an apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter inhibitor (ASBTI) for reducing of food intake and/or reduction of circulating blood and plasma glucose levels, with emphasis on non-systemic delivery of the ASBTI in the distal ileum. This may be useful in the treatment of obesity and diabetes. Preferably, the ASBTI, also known as ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitor, is a benzothiazepine (e.g. compound 100A), a benzothiepine (e.g. compound 100B), a benzothiadiazepine or a carbonimidic diamide derivative (e.g. compounds 2 and 4). Examples also relate to metformin. Preferred moieties for non-systemic delivery are non-protic quaternary ammonium groups which include a pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, mopholinium, piperazinium or a trialkylammonium. A second agent may be used in combination with the ASBTI, such as a DPP-IV inhibitor (e.g. sitagliptin), a biguanide, an incretin mimetic, a thiazolidinone, a GLP-1 or a TGR5 agonist.
Each participant underwent initial baseline diagnostic polysomnograms (PSG) documenting the presence of OSA based on standard diagnostic criteria. After baseline (PSG) and patient's consent, patients performed full night CPAP titration in the sleep laboratory within 7 days of the baseline PSG, and AVAPS-AE titration.
Foot reflexology was performed to the reflexology group infants. Foot reflexology application (FRA) involved relaxation for the first 3-5 minutes and the last 2 minutes; the remaining 12-15 minutes included stimulation of the brain and digestive system organs. To ensure relaxation, rotation was performed by using the thumbs of the hand under the feet, cephalocaudally. The session of FRA included stimulating the brain and medulla spinalis (2 min), the solar plexus (1min), the stomach (2min), the liver (2min), the pancreas (2min), the gallbladder (1min), and the ileocecal valve and intestine (5min) reflex points. Application was performed on all infants twice a week, for a total of four times during two consecutive weeks. Between two consecutive applications, a minimum of 48 hours and a maximum of 5 days was allotted (Stone, 2011). A total of 6 follow-ups were performed during the study period.
In patients with primary hyperoxaluria (PH), deficiency of hepatic enzymes important in disposition of glyoxylate results in marked hyperoxaluria. Calcium oxalate crystals and high oxalate concentrations in the renal filtrate result in inflammation and injury in the renal parenchyma. Loss of renal function over time is characteristic, with end stage renal failure occurring in half the patients by age 35 years, but as early as infancy in some patients. Experience in animal models of hyperoxaluria, and from other renal diseases, supports a role for ACEI and ARB medications in ameliorating inflammation and injury thus providing a renal protective effect.

We propose to study the short-term effect of combined angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocking (ARB) therapy in patients with PH, in a controlled, randomized, two-year study. Primary endpoints will be urinary markers of renal tubular injury (retinol binding protein (RBP), alpha 1 microglobulin (α1m), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT)) and interstitial fibrosis (transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1). Secondary endpoints will be the rates of change in renal tubular injury and renal function as determined by serum creatinine and creatinine clearance.
The purpose of this research is to determine patient-reported outcomes after weight loss surgery in low-risk patients. Weight loss surgery has been well-studied for patients with body mass index (BMI) 35 kg/m\^2 or more and those with weight-related medical problems who have a BMI 30 kg/m\^2 or more. Weight-related medical problems, also called co-morbidities, can include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, sleep apnea, and degenerative joint diseases. The surgery is considered safe and effective. Outcomes after weight loss surgery in patients with BMI under 35 kg/m\^2 and without co-morbidities have not been well studied. The investigators' purpose is to study patient-reported outcomes after weight loss surgery in patients with BMI between 30 kg/m\^2 and 34.5 kg/m\^2 without co-morbidities. These include changes in health, mood, quality of life, health satisfaction, and emotional health.
Lodderomyces elongisporus, first isolated in 1952, has increasingly been recognized as a significant pathogen, with a notable rise in human infections since the 1970s. Initially misidentified as Candida parapsilosis due to morphological similarities, L. elongisporus has now been conclusively established as a distinct species, largely due to advancements in molecular biology, particularly DNA sequencing. This review traces the detection history of L. elongisporus, from the earliest documented cases to the most recent reports, underscoring its role as a causative agent in human infections. It also explores therapeutic strategies that have demonstrated efficacy, alongside instances of environmental contamination reported in international literature. A critical evaluation of diagnostic methodologies essential for precise identification is provided, including culture-based techniques such as colony morphology on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and chromogenic media, coupled with microscopic assessments using Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) and Gram staining. The ultrastructure of L. elongisporus, as observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), is also discussed. Furthermore, non-culture-based diagnostics, such as sugar utilization tests (API 20C AUX and the innovative in-house arabinose-based "Loddy" test) and antifungal susceptibility profiling, are reviewed, with a particular focus on molecular tools like ITS-DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS, which, despite their higher costs, offer unparalleled specificity. The accurate distinction and characterization of L. elongisporus are paramount, particularly in vulnerable and immunocompromised patients, where misdiagnosis can lead to severe consequences. This review advocates for intensified research efforts to develop more accessible diagnostic tools and deepen our understanding of this emerging pathogen, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes.
Vitamin A, or an ester thereof, is stabilized by incorporating therein butylated hydroxy anisole and an auxiliary antioxidant material including ascorbyl palmitate.  Other auxiliary antioxidants are lecithin and tocopherol.  The tocopherol may be a , b , g  or mixtures thereof obtained naturally or synthetically.  It is preferred to add a portion of the antioxidants to the Vitamin A during its final purification stage, e.g. recrystallization of crude Vitamin A acetate from an organic solvent.ALSO:A vitamin composition comprises vitamin A and/or vitamin A esters, such composition having incorporated therein in amounts which are small but sufficient to increase the stability of the ester against oxidation, butylated hydroxy anisole and an auxiliary antioxidant material including ascorbyl palmitate. Specified auxiliary antioxidants are lecithin and tocopherol. The tocopherol may be a , b , g  or mixtures thereof, obtained naturally or synthetically.  Based on vitamin A content, there is used 0,12 to 1,0 and preferably 0,5 to 0,625 per cent butylated hydroxy anisole and 0,10 to 0,5, preferably 0,5, per cent of the auxiliary antioxidants.  It is preferred to add a portion of the antioxidant to the vitamin A during its final purification stage e.g. during crystallization of crude vitamin A acetate from an organic solvent.  Butylated hydroxy anisole is either 2-tertiary butyl 4-hydroxyanisole or 3-tert. butyl 4-hydroxy anisole or mixtures thereof.  Reference is made to the Public Health (Preservatives &c. in Food) Regulations, 1925 to 1927.
Low number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood samples and time-consuming properties of the current CTC isolation methods for processing a small volume of blood are the biggest obstacles to CTC usage in practice. Therefore, we aimed to design a CTC dialysis system with the ability to process cancer patients' whole blood within a reasonable time. Two strategies were employed for developing this dialysis setup, including (i) synthesizing novel in situ core-shell Cu ferrites consisting of the Cu-CuFe2O4 core and the MIL-88A shell, which are targeted by the anti-HER2 antibody for the efficient targeting and trapping of CTCs; and (ii) fabricating a microfluidic system containing a three-dimensional (3D)-printed microchannel filter composed of a polycaprolactone/Fe3O4 nanoparticle composite with pore diameter less than 200 μm on which a high-voltage magnetic field is focused to enrich and isolate the magnetic nanoparticle-targeted CTCs from a large volume of blood. The system was assessed in different aspects including capturing the efficacy of the magnetic nanoparticles, CTC enrichment and isolation from large volumes of human blood, side effects on blood cells, and the viability of CTCs after isolation for further analysis. Under the optimized conditions, the CTC dialysis system exhibited more than 80% efficacy in the isolation of CTCs from blood samples. The isolated CTCs were viable and were able to proliferate. Moreover, the CTC dialysis system was safe and did not cause side effects on normal blood cells. Taken together, the designed CTC dialysis system can process a high volume of blood for efficient dual diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
The cases of COVID-19 are continuing to be confirmed around the world. In the clinical settings, the nurses in evacuation acute wards are main responsibility to undertake the care of emergency patient follow-up and suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Those nurses have to face the high psychological pressure, unknown panic, fear and so on. Thus, the study plans to invite nurses who are working in evacuation acute wards to participate the project called "Remote Psychological Support Group (RPSG)". The results of this study will establish the effectiveness of RPSG intervention for nurses on self-efficacy, fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, and quality of life and identify the feasibility of the RPSG. The results are also critical to improving the quality of care for nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak and the RPSG model will establish an important basis for support group in the event of other Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens in the future.
The recommended dosing regimen for pediatric patients 2 to less than 12 years of age and 12 to 14 years of age with body weight less than 50 kg is shown in Table 2. For pediatric patients 12 to 14 years of age with a body weight greater than or equal to 50 kg and those 15 years of age and above regardless of body weight, administer the adult dosing regimen of voriconazole tablets [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)] . 

Initiate therapy with an intravenous infusion regimen. Consider an oral regimen only after there is a significant clinical improvement. Note that an 8 mg/kg intravenous dose will provide voriconazole exposure approximately 2-fold higher than a 9 mg/kg oral dose.

The oral dose recommendation for children is based on studies in which voriconazole was administered as the powder for oral suspension formulation. Bioequivalence between the voriconazole powder for oral suspension and voriconazole tablets has not been investigated in a pediatric population.

Oral bioavailability may be limited in pediatric patients 2 to 12 years with malabsorption and very low body weight for age. In that case, intravenous voriconazole administration is recommended.

###  Method for Adjusting the Dosing Regimen in Pediatric Patients

####  Pediatric Patients 2 to Less Than 12 Years of Age and 12 to 14 Years of Age with Body Weight Less Than 50 kg

If patient response is inadequate and the patient is able to tolerate the initial intravenous maintenance dose, the maintenance dose may be increased by 1 mg/kg steps. If patient response is inadequate and the patient is able to tolerate the oral maintenance dose, the dose may be increased by 1 mg/kg steps or 50 mg steps to a maximum of 350 mg every 12 hours. If patients are unable to tolerate the initial intravenous maintenance dose, reduce the dose by 1 mg/kg steps. If patients are unable to tolerate the oral maintenance dose, reduce the dose by 1 mg/kg or 50 mg steps.

Pediatric Patients 12 to 14 Years of Age Weighing Greater Than or Equal to 50 kg and 15 Years of Age and Older Regardless of Body Weight:Use the optimal method for titrating dosage recommended for adults [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)] .