anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Acute and chronic inflammation both increase cardiovascular disease risk, especially with aging, which may be due to vascular dysfunction. Aging and inflammation also lead to increased oxidative stress, which impairs vascular function. During acute inflammation, endothelial function is altered differently in younger and older adults with decreases in endothelial function in younger, but not older adults. However, cardiorespiratory fitness is cardio-protective, impacting inflammation, vascular function, and oxidative stress. During acute inflammation, moderately fit older adults exhibit similar responses to younger adults, suggesting preserved endothelial reactivity. However, whether the protective mechanism is oxidative stress has not been confirmed. Furthermore, it is undetermined whether the vascular dysfunction is further propagated down the arterial tree during acute inflammation to the microvasculature.

The aims of this research study are to determine if age and fitness moderate the vascular response to acute inflammation and to determine if antioxidant administration eliminates vascular dysfunction during acute inflammation. The results from this study will help to elucidate if fitness is a protective and preventive measure to ameliorate the detrimental cardiovascular response to acute inflammation. Thus, this study may provide health professionals with a behavioral intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease burden in the rapidly growing aging population.
INTRODUCTION: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It begins as an adaptive increase in parathyroid hormone levels to prevent calcium and phosphate derangements. Over time, this condition becomes maladaptive and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Current therapies encompass phosphate-lowering strategies, vitamin D analogues, calcimimetics and parathyroidectomy. These approaches harbor inherent limitations, stimulating interest in the development of new drugs for SHPT to overcome these limitations and improve survival and quality of life among CKD patients.
AREAS COVERED: This review delves into the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved in SHPT, alongside the treatment options that are currently available and under active investigation. Data presented herein stem from a comprehensive search conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) spanning from 2000 onwards.
EXPERT OPINION: The advancements in investigational drugs for SHPT hold significant promise for enhancing treatment efficacy while minimizing side effects associated with conventional therapies. Although several challenges still hinder their adoption in clinical practice, ongoing research will likely continue to expand the available therapeutic options, refine treatment strategies, and tailor them to individual patient profiles.
The treatment will be performed using two pieces of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) stainless steel in the neck, bilaterally, which comprise the following muscles: Upper Trapezius, Splenius, scalenes and Sternocleidomastoid. An established time of 3 minutes will be used in each region, using an angle of 30 to 60º with the instrument. As it is observed, through the instrument, regions of greater adhesion, the researcher will use most of this time to release this condition.
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the prevalence, presentation and referral patterns of children with acute illness attending primary health centres (PHCs) in a low-resource setting.
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a secondary analysis of ASPIRE. Children presenting at eight PHCs in urban Blantyre district in southern Malawi with both recorded clinician and mHealth (non-clinician) triage data were included, and patient records from different data collection points along the patient healthcare seeking pathway were consolidated and analysed.
RESULTS: Between April 2017 and September 2018, a total of 204 924 children were triaged, of whom 155 931 had both recorded clinician and mHealth triage data. The most common presenting symptoms at PHCs were fever (0.3%), cough (0.2%) and difficulty breathing (0.2%). The most common signs associated with referral for under-5 children were trauma (26.7%) and temperature (7.4%). The proportion of emergency and priority clinician triage were highest among young infants <2 months (0.2% and 81.4%, respectively). Of the 3004 referrals (1.9%), 1644 successfully reached the referral facility (54.7%). Additionally, 372 children were sent home from PHC who subsequently self-referred to the referral facility (18.7%).
CONCLUSIONS: Fever and respiratory symptoms were the most common presenting symptoms, and trauma was the most common reason for referral. Rates of referral were low, and of successful referral were moderate. Self-referrals constituted a substantial proportion of attendance at the referral facility. Reducing gaps in care and addressing dropouts as well as self-referrals along the referral pathway could improve child health outcomes.
A method for identifying a compound that has a biocidal effect against a selected organism involves screening from among known or unknown peptide or non-peptide molecules, a test molecule that binds selectively to a target sequence of a multi-helical lid of a heat shock protein of the organism. The binding of the test compound inhibits the protein folding activity of the protein. A specific embodiment of such a method is useful for identifying or designing a pharmaceutical or veterinary biocidal or antibiotic compound, preferably a pathogen and/or strain-specific compound. For this purpose, the compound does not bind to a heat shock protein that is homologous to the mammalian subject to be treated with the compound. Screening methods can encompass direct binding or competitive assays. Molecules or compounds identified by these methods are employed as biocides for pharmaceutical, veterinary, pesticide, insecticide and rodenticide uses, among others.
Ampicillin and Sulbactam for Injection, USP is an injectable antibacterial combination consisting of the semisynthetic antibacterial ampicillin sodium and the beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam sodium for intravenous and intramuscular administration.

Ampicillin sodium is derived from the penicillin nucleus, 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Chemically, it is monosodium (2S, 5R, 6R)-6-[(R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylate and has a molecular weight of 371.39. Its chemical formula is C16H18N3NaO4S. The structural formula is:

Sulbactam sodium is a derivative of the basic penicillin nucleus. Chemically, sulbactam sodium is sodium penicillinate sulfone; sodium (2S, 5R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate 4,4-dioxide.

Its chemical formula is C8H10NNaO5S with a molecular weight of 255.22. The structural formula is:

Ampicillin and Sulbactam for Injection, USP, ampicillin sodium/sulbactam sodium parenteral combination is available as a white to off-white dry powder for reconstitution. Ampicillin and Sulbactam for Injection, USP dry powder is freely soluble in aqueous diluents to yield pale yellow to yellow solutions containing ampicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium equivalent to 250 mg ampicillin per mL and 125 mg sulbactam per mL. The pH of the solutions is between 8 and 10.

Dilute solutions (up to 30 mg ampicillin and 15 mg sulbactam per mL) are essentially colorless to pale yellow. The pH of dilute solutions remains the same. 1.5 g of Ampicillin and Sulbactam for Injection, USP (1 g ampicillin as the sodium salt plus 0.5 g sulbactam as the sodium salt) parenteral contains approximately 115 mg (5 mEq) of sodium.

3 g of Ampicillin and Sulbactam for Injection, USP (2 g ampicillin as the sodium salt plus 1 g sulbactam as the sodium salt) parenteral contains approximately 230 mg (10 mEq) of sodium.
Patient will be disconnected from the anesthetic circuit and connected to the resuscitation bag attached to the IH system. Ventilation will be assisted to maintain tidal volume of 8-10 mL/kg and respiratory rate of 20-25 breaths per minute to achieve minute ventilation of 15-20 L/min. Isocapnia manifold will maintain end-tidal PCO2 in range of 40-50 mm Hg.
PCT No. PCT/US92/09364 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 28, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 28, 1994 PCT Filed Oct. 29, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO93/09176 PCT Pub. Date May 13, 1993The present invention relates to a new form of biocompatible materials (e.g., lipids, polycations, polysaccharides) which are capable of undergoing free radical polymerization, e.g., by using certain sources of light; methods of modifying certain synthetic and naturally occurring biocompatible materials to make polymerizable microcapsules containing biological material coated with said polymerizable materials, composites of said polymerizable materials, methods of making microcapsules and encapsulating biological materials therein, and apparatus for making microcapsules containing biological cells (particularly islets of Langerhans) coated with polymerizable alginate or with a composite thereof (e.g., alginate and PEG). The present invention also relates to drug delivery systems relating to the foregoing, as well as bioadhesives and wound dressings made utilizing the foregoing technology.
Salicylates antagonize the uricosuric action of drugs used to treat gout. ASPIRIN AND OTHER SALICYLATE DRUGS WILL BE ADDITIVE TO SALSALATE AND MAY INCREASE PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF SALICYLIC ACID TO TOXIC LEVELS. Drugs and foods that raise urine pH will increase renal clearance and urinary excretion of salicylic acid, thus lowering plasma levels: acidifying drugs or foods will decrease urinary excretion and increase plasma levels. Salicylates given concomitantly with anticoagulant drugs may predispose to systemic bleeding.

Salicylates may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of oral antidiabetic drugs of the sulfonylurea class. Salicylate competes with a number of drugs for protein binding sites, notably penicillin, thiopental, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, phenytoin, sulfinpyrazone, naproxen, warfarin, methotrexate, and possibly corticosteroids.

[When Salsalate tablet, USP is administered with aspirin, its protein binding is reduced, although the clearance of free Salsalate tablet, USP is not altered. The clinical significance of this interaction is not known; however,] as with other NSAIDs, concomitant administration of salsalate and aspirin is not generally recommended because of the potential of increased adverse effects.
A single-dose vitamin and mineral supplement is provided containing high levels of calcium citrate and carbonyl iron for use in humans. Calcium in the form of calcium citrate enhances absorption of iron, zinc, and magnesium. Calcium citrate also provides more bioavailable calcium than common preparations of calcium carbonate. Carbonyl iron provides iron in a form that significantly reduces the risk to children of accidental iron poisoning from formulations that provide iron in salt form. The supplement may further contain a number of vitamins and minerals in a tablet that is elegantly small, weighing about 1.5-1.6 g. The small size allows ease of swallowing and encourages patient acceptability. Methods of making such a supplement and methods of treating maladies in need of vitamin and mineral supplementation are provided.
The goal of this randomized, clinical trial is to compare two placebo vaginal films in HIV seronegative adult (18-45 years old) persons assigned female sex at birth who are at low risk of acquiring HIV infection, and sexual partners of evaluable participants. Participants will be recruited from five sites, one in the US and four is sub-Saharan Africa. Approximately 100 participants will be randomized (1:1), stratified by site, to insert either placebo vaginal film A or placebo vaginal film B, which differ only by shape, once monthly for two months. Participants will be asked to refrain from sexual activity during the first month of use and may resume usual sexual activity during the second month of use after insertion of the second film which will be the same film they were assigned to use during the first month. Differences in safety, acceptability, usability, social harms and benefits, and vaginal microenvironment between the two films and the two study phases (i.e., with and without sexual abstinence requirement) will be assessed. In addition, both participants and approximately 30 sexual partners of evaluable participants will be asked to take part in in depth interviews to further assess acceptability, attitudes, and experiences with film use to gauge interest in the future use of vaginal films as a HIV prevention option.
Patients will be eligible as cases if they have been identified by the investigator's ongoing rotavirus surveillance studies as having been hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed rotavirus gastroenteritis between January 1, 2007 and June 31, 2009. To be eligible as a case, the child must meet the following criteria: 1) immunocompetent; 2) born after April 15, 2006 (to select a population that would have been in the age group eligible for at least 1 dose of RV5 (RotaTeq); and 3) \> 2 months of age on the day of admission.
The presence of oral microbes in extra-oral sites is linked to gastrointestinal cancers. However, their potential ectopically colonization in the nasopharynx and impact on local cancer development remains uncertain. Our study involving paired nasopharyngeal-oral microbial samples from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and controls unveils an aberrant oral-to-nasopharyngeal microbial translocation associated with increased NPC risk (OR = 4.51, P = 0.012). Thirteen species are classified as oral-translocated and enriched in NPC patients. Among these, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia are validated through culturomics and clonal strain identification. Nasopharyngeal biopsy meta-transcriptomes confirm these microbes within tumors, influencing local microenvironment and cytokine response. These microbes correlate significantly with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) loads in the nasopharynx, exhibiting an increased dose-response relationship. Collectively, our study identifies oral microbes migrating to the nasopharynx, infiltrating tumors, impacting microenvironments and linking with EBV infection. These results enhance our understanding of abnormal microbial communication and their roles in carcinogenesis.
Loss of an arm or leg is a significant injury that affects a person's job prospects, personal relationships, and overall quality of life. Approximately 25% of all amputees will develop chronic local pain in the remaining part of their amputated limb. This pain is caused by neuromas- disorganized nerve endings and scar tissue that form when an injured nerve tries to heal. Every cut nerve will develop a neuroma unless the two ends of the nerve can be rejoined. With limb amputation, the nerves are cut and one end is lost with the limb, preventing the nerve from repairing itself. Instead, the cut nerve ending forms a painful neuroma. Chronic pain from neuromas is a major reason that amputees cannot wear or use their prostheses comfortably and increases their disability.

Even when a limb is amputated, the nerves that used to control that limb still carry messages from the brain. Those messages are intended to tell the muscles how or when to move the missing limb, but after amputation, these limb-control nerves are no longer connected to muscles. In 2002, researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in conjunction with the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago developed a new type of surgery called targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR). In TMR, limb-control nerves are transferred so that they can control new target muscles. The neuromas from the limb-control nerves are removed, then the small nerve that controls the target muscle is cut. The two nerves are joined together so that the limb-control nerve can then grow into, or reinnervate the target muscle. After TMR, when the person tries to move the missing limb, the target muscle contracts instead and these signals can be detected and used to control a prosthesis. TMR has now been done successfully almost 100 times worldwide. Interestingly, almost all of the patients who had painful neuromas before TMR had no neuroma pain after surgery. This result was investigated in laboratory studies - both rat and rabbit amputee neuromas were "cured" with TMR. We think that giving the cut nerve endings somewhere to go and something to do prevents a neuroma from forming.

We will measure the effectiveness of both surgeries using an internet-based amputee pain questionnaire. We expect that TMR will be more effective for neuroma pain and prosthesis control than the standard treatment. This will change how patients with neuroma pain are treated and help thousands of patients with amputations.
BACKGROUND: There are only six past reports of super-refractory status epilepticus induced by spinal anesthesia. None of those patients have died. Only < 15 mg of bupivacaine was administered to all six of them and to our case. Pathophysiology ensuing such cases remains unclear.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 27 year old gravida 2, para 1, mother at 37 weeks of gestation came to the operating theater for an elective cesarean section. She had no significant medical history other than controlled hypothyroidism and one episode of food allergy. Her current pregnancy was uneventful. Her American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade was 2. She underwent spinal anesthesia and adequate anesthesia was achieved. After 5-7 min she developed a progressive myoclonus. After delivery of a healthy baby, she developed generalized tonic clonic seizures that continued despite the induction of general anesthesia. She had rhabdomyolysis, one brief cardiac arrest and resuscitation, followed by stress cardiomyopathy and central hyperthermia. She died on day four. There were no significant macroscopic or histopathological changes in her brain that explain her super refractory status epilepticus. Heavy bupivacaine samples of the same batch used for this patient were analyzed by two specialized laboratories. National Medicines Quality Assurance Laboratory of Sri Lanka reported that samples failed to confirm United States Pharmacopeia (USP) dextrose specifications and passed other tests. Subsequently, Therapeutic Goods Administration of Australia reported that the drug passed all standard USP quality tests applied to it. Nonetheless, they have detected an unidentified impurity in the medicine.
CONCLUSIONS: After reviewing relevant literature, we believe that direct neurotoxicity by bupivacaine is the most probable cause of super-refractory status epilepticus. Super-refractory status epilepticus would have led to her other complications and death. We discuss probable patient factors that would have made her susceptible to neurotoxicity. The impurity in the drug detected by one laboratory also would have contributed to her status epilepticus. We propose several possible mechanisms that would have led to status epilepticus and her death. We discuss the factors that shall guide investigators on future such cases. We suggest ways to minimize similar future incidents. This is an idiosyncratic reaction as well.
The extent of percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids is determined by many factors, including the vehicle, the integrity of the epidermal barrier, and the use of occlusive dressings. Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from normal intact skin. Inflammation and/or other disease processes in the skin may increase percutaneous absorption.

In the HPA clinical study [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)], pharmacokinetics was evaluated in a subgroup of 12 adult subjects. On Day 8, blood was taken just prior to and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours following the last application. Plasma concentration of halobetasol propionate (HBP) was measurable in all subjects. Based on the geometric mean plasma concentrations at 12 hours post-application across time, steady-state was achieved by Day 8. The mean (±standard deviation) Cmax concentrations for ULTRAVATE lotion on Day 8 was 201.1 ± 157.5 pg/mL, with the corresponding median Tmax value of 3 hours (range 0 – 6 hours); mean area under the halobetasol propionate concentration versus time curve over the dosing interval (AUCτ) was 1632 ± 1147 pg•h/mL.

Specific Populations

Pediatric Patients

In the pediatric HPA study [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)], trough plasma concentrations of HBP were measured on Day 8 and Day 15 in a subset of 14 subjects. The HBP levels in the plasma were below the quantification limit (20 pg/mL) for all subjects at all time points with the exception of one subject at Day 15 (trough concentration of HBP of 28.2 pg/mL).
Subjects that are 18 to 49 years of age and current spherical soft contact lens wears will be randomized into one of two lens wear sequences. Subjects will wear the Test and Control lenses for two weeks each with one of the study lenses being worn twice for a total of 6 weeks.
The neurocognitive training program will be provided by an online platform called BrainGymmer (https://www.braingymmer.com/en/brain-games/). Users will receive an account where they will only have access to the training games they have been assigned to and where their activity will be logged. One experimental group will complete the working memory training, which involves three games: N-back, Multi-Memory, and Moving Memory. These games are designed to engage processes involving updating and manipulation of information. All of the training games are adaptive. Participants randomized to this cognitive training arm will complete the training games for 30 minutes per day, 5 days a week, for a total of 10 weeks.
The patients received a spray of the synthetic oxytocin (24 I.U. Syntocinon®) in combination with mindfulness-based group therapy (MBGT) over 4 weeks once a week. Due to an effect latency of 30-80 mins after intranasal administration of oxytocin on social behavior, the dose was administered 45 min before the 50-min session.
Ten group sessions of treatment with a patient education pain for chronic neck pain (biopsychosocial approach). The group sessions of 60-120 minutes twice a week with a maximum of 10 participants.
PURPOSE:To obtain a bath toy which changes its shape on water surface and strongly entices children, etc., to bathing by molding a composition composed mainly of a water-soluble organic compound solid at normal temperature and/or inorganic powder. CONSTITUTION:The objective toy can be produced by properly compounding a water-soluble organic compound which is solid at normal temperature (e.g. polyethylene glycol or polyoxyethylene) and/or inorganic powder (e.g. titanium oxide or talc) and further a drug component (e.g. herb extract or enzyme), a flavor, an oil, an alcohol, a disinfectant, a preservative, an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, etc., and molding the mixture. In the case of using inorganic powder, the powder is preferably subjected to fine-pulverization treatment and/or granulation treatment before molding to decrease the apparent specific gravity to <=1.
Participants will undergo harness-supported multimodal balance training exercises while simultaneously performing skilled hand exercises. Following a washout period of at least 6 weeks, Participants will undergo body weight supported treadmill training using the Lokomat apparatus.
In this arm, the participants undergo the control intervention which comprises to remain seated for 12.5 min. The participants, that will perform the muscle damaging protocol under hypoxia will also be treated with the control condition.