anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Island faunas exhibit some of the most iconic examples where similar forms repeatedly evolve within different islands. Yet, whether these deterministic evolutionary trajectories within islands are driven by an initial, singular divergence and the subsequent exchange of individuals and adaptive genetic variation between islands remains unclear. Here, we study a gradual, repeated evolution of low-dispersive highland ecotypes from a dispersive lowland ecotype of Calosoma beetles along the island progression of the Galápagos. We show that repeated highland adaptation involved selection on multiple shared alleles within extensive chromosomal inversions that originated from an initial adaptation event on the oldest island. These highland inversions first spread through dispersal of highland individuals. Subsequent admixture with the lowland ecotype resulted in polymorphic dispersive populations from which the highland populations evolved on the youngest islands. Our findings emphasize the significance of an ancient divergence in driving repeated evolution and highlight how a mixed contribution of inter-island colonization and within-island evolution can shape parallel species communities.
A medical fluid for a harvested organ, tissue or parts thereof, for evaluation and/or preservation. The fluid comprises cocaine or a stimulating analogue thereof; nor-adrenalin; and/or adrenaline. In addition, the fluid comprises an oncotic agent, such as dextran; hormones, such as thyroxin; triiodotyronine; cortisone, insulin; and electrolytes and optionally nutrients in substantially physiological concentrations in a physiologically acceptable medium. In addition, the medical fluid comprises albumin in a concentration not exceeding 5.0%, and an oxygen carrier, such as erythrocytes. Further components may be dopamine; hydrocortisone; methylprednisolone; and a vasopressor agent, such as desmopressin. The cocaine; adrenalin; and noradrenaline are present in concentrations of each about 0.010 μΜ to 0.100 μΜ, for example in a ratio of 1 : 1 : 1.
Morphine (0.5 mg/ml, in a total volume of 160 ml) is used for patient-controlled analgesia. Dexmedetomidine (200 ug) is added to the formula of patient-controlled analgesia. Patient-controlled analgesia is provided during the first 3 days after surgery.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a resin particle having a particular shape suitable for various application such as for improving light transmittance, light diffusibility, matting and hiding power of a paint and reflecting properties, etc., of cosmetics compared to a conventional one, and an easy process for preparing this.  <P>SOLUTION: In the process, the resin particle is obtained by performing aqueous suspension polymerization of 100 pts.wt. polymerizable monofunctional vinyl monomer and 0.1-3 pts.wt. at least one polymerizable polyfunctional vinyl monomer chosen from an aromatic divinyl compound and a (meth)acrylate of a polyhydric alcohol in the presence of 8-100 pts.wt. hydrophobic liquid medium which is non-copolymerizable with the vinyl monomers and 0.01-3 pts.wt. phosphate based on 100 pts.wt. total of the vinyl monomers, and subsequently removing water and the hydrophobic liquid medium.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
PURPOSE:An antitumor agent containing the bacterial cell or endospore of butyric bacteria MII 588 strain as an active component. CONSTITUTION:An antitumor agent effective not only to nodular tumor of sarcoma 180 but also to streptolytic preparation and other same kind of tumor such as mouse leukemia L/210, etc., by using a butyric bacteria [Clostridium butyricum] MII 588 strain (FERM-P No.7765), as an active component. The agent exhibits especially remarkable effect by the combined use with a synthetic carcinostatic agent such as cyclophosphamide, etc. The agent can be prepared by culturing the strain in a proper medium (e.g. shown in the table I and table II) at a specific temperature for a specific time, collecting the bacterial cells from the culture liquid by centrifugal separation, dispersing the cells in distilled water, stirring, washing by using a centrifugal separator, freeze-drying, and finally pulverizing the product. It is administered by intravenous injection or peritoneal infusion at a dose of 0.5-2.5g/day in terms of dry bacterial cell.
The invention thus pertains to the use of a composition comprising: (a) uridine or uridine phosphate; and (b) docosahexaenoic acid and/or eicosapentaenoic acid, for improving memory and/or the treatment or prevention of impaired memory function, in a subject with a mini -mental state examination of 24-26, wherein said composition is enterally administered to the subject. In the MMSE test, any score of 27 or higher (out of 30) is effectively normal. In the patients with dementia, 20-26 indicates mild dementia, 10-19 moderate dementia, and below 10 severe dementia. It was the present inventors' belief that within the group of 20 - 26, the memory impairment in the sub-group of 24 - 26 may even be reversible, as the pathological pathways have just started to develop. In this group of subjects the pathological pathways have just started to develop. Clinical studies show excellent results for this subgroup.
Cohort 1 will include the first ten patients treated with WBRT concomitantly with sorafenib (on a separate phase I trial). We will perform a pilot study of serial FLT-PET imaging of the brain at baseline (\< 4 weeks prior to initiation of WBRT), up to 7-10 days post-WBRT and 10-12 weeks after WBRT in patients with metastatic breast cancer to the brain (N=20) treated with WBRT with or without sorafenib.
Methylphenidate HCl extended-release capsules were evaluated in a double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial in which 321 untreated or previously treated pediatric patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 6 to 15 years of age, received a single morning dose for up to 3 weeks. Patients were required to have the combined or predominantly hyperactive-impulsive subtype of ADHD; patients with the predominantly inattentive subtype were excluded. Patients randomized to the methylphenidate HCl extended-release capsules group received 20 mg daily for the first week. Their dosage could be increased weekly to a maximum of 60 mg by the third week, depending on individual response to treatment.

The patient’s regular school teacher completed the teachers’ version of the Conners’ Global Index Scale (TCGIS), a scale for assessing ADHD symptoms, in the morning and again in the afternoon on three alternate days of each treatment week. The primary efficacy endpoint was determined by the average of the total scores for the 10-item TCGIS completed by the classroom teacher in the morning and again in the afternoon on the three observation days during the last week of double-blind therapy. Patients treated with methylphenidate HCl extended-release capsules showed a statistically significant improvement in symptom scores from baseline over patients who received placebo (See Figure 2). Separate analyses of TCGIS scores in the morning and afternoon revealed superiority in improvement with methylphenidate HCl extended-release capsules over placebo during both time periods (See Figure 3).

Figure 2: Least Squares Mean Change from Baseline in TCGIS Total Score in Pediatric Patients 6 to 15 years of Age with ADHD

Figure 3: Least Squares Mean Change from Baseline in TCGIS Total Score in Pediatric Patients 6 to 15 years of Age with ADHD: Morning (AM) and Afternoon (PM)

* FIGURES 2 & 3: Last observation carried forward analysis at week 3.

Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.
This article examines continuing misunderstanding about memory function especially for trauma, across three UK samples (N = 717). Delayed allegations of child sexual and physical abuse are prevalent in Western legal systems and often rely upon uncorroborated memory testimony to prove guilt. U.K. legal professionals and jurors typically assess the reliability of such memory recall via common sense, yet decades of scientific research show common sense beliefs often conflict with science. Recent international surveys show controversial notions of repression and accurate memory recovery remain strongly endorsed. In historical cases, these notions may lead to wrongful convictions. The current study surveyed the U.K. public, lawyers, and mental health professionals' beliefs about repression, dissociative amnesia and false memories. Study findings give unique data on judges' and barristers' beliefs. Overall, the study findings reinforce international scientists' concerns of a science - knowledge-gap. Repression was strongly endorsed by lay, legal and clinical participants (> 78%) as was dissociative amnesia (> 87%). Moreover, suboptimal professional legal education and juror guidance may increase misunderstanding. Correcting beliefs about memory function, and extending the contribution of memory science in the courtroom remains an important quest for cognitive scientists.
This is a Phase 1/2 open-label dose-escalation study of rIL-21 given in combination with sorafenib to patients with metastatic RCC. The Phase 1 part of this study will estimate the maximum tolerated dose of rIL-21 given for 1 treatment course (consisting of two 5-day cycles of rIL-21) in combination with a standard dose of sorafenib administered during a 6-week treatment course. Increasing doses of rIL-21 will be studied sequentially in different groups of patients. The Phase 2 part of the study will further evaluate the safety and preliminary antitumor activity of rIL-21 at the dose recommended from Phase 1 in combination with sorafenib. Patients will be evaluated for safety over the course of the study. Disease evaluation (tumor restaging) will be performed during the last week of each 6-week treatment course. Patients with stable disease or better at this evaluation may go on to receive additional treatment courses. Patients may be in the study for 2 to 7 months.
Uncorrected refractive error is a frequent cause of visual impairment in the global population. In 2006, the World Health Organization released global estimates on visual impairment. According to their findings, there are approximately 314 million people in the world whose vision is impaired. Of this population 90% of those individuals live in developing countries and 153 million cases are believed to be due to uncorrected refractive error. The impact of uncorrected refractive error is great, including, but not limited to, loss of employment opportunities, inability to care for family, and inability to receive an education. The challenge is to determine the most effective and accessible method of detecting refractive error and dispensing spectacles for better vision.

In the clinical setting, refractive error is corrected by prescribing spectacles or contact lenses on a daily basis. Typically the patient will first undergo autorefraction, in which a computer-controlled machine is used to objectively calculate the refractive error present as a starting point for the subjective refraction test. This machine, however, is cumbersome and not easily transportable abroad. Typically the machine is held up to the patient's forehead and they are asked to look into the machine at a distant object. While they are looking at this object the machine calculates the refractive error. Next, the patient undergoes manifest refraction, a subjective refractive test that requires the use of trial lenses and patient responses to improve the results calculated by autorefraction, resulting in the best corrected visual acuity for that patient and a prescription for the patient to receive spectacles tailored to their need.

As a testimony to how prevalent uncorrected refractive error is in the developing world, refractive error in Nigerian adults and the prevalence of spectacle use was studied. In an article titled Refractive errors in Nigerian adults: prevalence, types and spectacle coverage, researchers looked at types of refractive errors and the ability of off the shelf spectacles to meet the corrective need in the 13,599 Nigerian adults. Patients underwent autorefraction and a detailed clinical exam and it was discovered that uncorrected refractive errors were responsible for 77.9% of visual impairment at the 20/40 to 20/60 level, and 57.1% at the 20/60 to 20/200 level. It also found that spectacles could improve the vision of 1,279 adults in the 20/40 range and 882 participants at the 20/60 level. However, only 3-4% of those individuals wore spectacles.

First-Sight is a simplified way to correct refractive error. It is easily portable, making it accessible to remote areas of the world. Unlike the study cited above, First-Sight can be brought to remote areas where clinics are not available and patients are not able to afford to pay for the clinic visit. As it is a simplified technique, local health care workers may easily be able to learn how to use First-Sight and dispense spectacles to those in need. Lastly, the sponsor of First-Sight will provide the refracting kits and custom-made spectacles at no cost to the health care workers and patients.
Participants will receive Treatment A (single dose of JNJ-54861911 25 milligram (mg) oral suspension formulation under fasted conditions) in Period 1; followed by Treatment B (single oral dose of JNJ-54861911 25 mg solid formulation under fasted conditions) in Period 2; followed by Treatment C (single oral dose of JNJ-54861911 25 mg solid formulation under fed conditions) in Period 3. A washout period of at least 6 days will be maintained between each treatment period.
A clustered, multiple-baseline design will be used to examine the impact of implementation support on clinicians' fidelity, use and ratings of MBC appropriateness, acceptability and fidelity. Approximately 50 school-based mental health (SMH) clinicians will be recruited to participate from up to three school districts. All clinicians will receive the same implementation supports; there is no random assignment to condition. Following an initial control period of at least 1 month, school districts will start receiving implementation supports. During the initial control period, baseline MBC use, attitudes, acceptability, feasibility and appropriateness (per clinician self-report) will be collected, as well as needs assessment data from clinician surveys to inform necessary adjustments to the implementation supports. Baseline engagement and student outcomes will be collected after initial clinician training session. MBC implementation outcomes (i.e., MBC use, attitudes, acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility), engagement and student outcomes will be collected at 3-month and 6-month follow-up during intervention supports, plus a 9-month follow-up interval. This allows clinicians in the two school districts to be compared to each other and to their own baseline. The primary comparison is pre-post ratings of implementation outcomes for all N=50 clinicians. The secondary comparisons are pre-post ratings of engagement and student outcomes, and between-agency differences.
This randomized clinical trial alongside a cost-effectiveness analysis will include edentulous individuals who meet eligibility criteria. New maxillary and mandibular dentures will be fabricated for all participants following a standardized protocol. Then, participants will be randomized into one of the treatment groups: conventional complete denture group or single-implant mandibular overdenture group. Each participant allocated to the overdenture group will then receive an implant (Titamax TI cortical - Neodent, Brazil) in the mandibular midline followed by the immediate connection of an O-Ring/ball attachment with intra-oral incorporation of the retention system in the mandibular denture. Direct costs related to therapies in both groups will be identified, measured and valuated for one year after treatment and patient-reported outcomes will be assessed. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios will be estimated and graphically presented on cost-effectiveness planes. A Markov decision tree will be constructed to set out the consequences of the competing alternatives. Sensitivity analysis on the most important assumptions will be performed in order to assess the robustness of the model.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC) is a recently validated option for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal or ovarian origin. This therapeutic program demonstrated a significant improvement of overall survival of the disease. It is not yet known whether surgery followed by HIPEC is effective on decreasing the rate of peritoneal carcinomatosis(PC) in patients with high risk of developing PC of colorectal cancer.Patients with a high risk of developing colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis (PC), defined by Colorectal Cancer With a Resected Minimal Synchronous PC or Ovarian Metastases, or identified T4 by intraoperative pathological diagnosis, or Tumour Rupture in the Abdominal Cavity. If patients with a high risk of developing PC identified by preoperative examination, they will be informed and will sign the consent. After complete resection of their tumor, they will be randomised to surveillance alone (control group) or HIPEC (experimental group). All patients will receive the current standard postoperative adjuvant treatment : 6 months of systemic chemotherapy (currently including FOLFOX4, mFOLFOX6, CapeOx or Capecitabine regimen which could be modified if the standard is modified). Then a work-up is done to find recurrence. If the recurrence occurs, the patient will be treated with the best known treatment.
The purpose of this study is to determine the association between gross motor function and chewing performance level in children with cerebral palsy (CP). A cross-sectional study was conducted in 152 children (ages 2-10y, 51.3% male) with a diagnosis of spastic CP. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was used to determine gross motor function levels of children. Chewing performance level was determined by using the Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS).Children with a diagnosis of spastic CP aged 2 to 12 years who were referred due to chewing/swallowing problems by pediatric neurologists were included. The inclusion criteria were above the age of 24 months, and had complaints about chewing function. Children under the age of 24 months, requiring tube feeding or taking any oral nutritional supplements, and used any medicine and/or oral appliances that could affect the chewing performance, were excluded.
This is a phase I/II clinical trial of the combination of carboplatin, eribulin, and E7449. A cycle will be defined as 21 days. Carboplatin will be given on day 1 of each cycle. Eribulin will be given on days 1 and 8 of each cycle. E7449 will be given daily (days 1-21) during each cycle. Patients will continue to receive treatment until progression of disease or discontinuation due to unacceptable side effects.
The intervention will be Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Sham). rTMS will be used with a coil that allows simulated stimulation (Coil AP) at a frequency of 5 Hz, with the software necessary for the operator to remain blind to the stimulation condition. This arm will only last for 2 weeks.
PURPOSE:To provide a laxative composition containing a swelling cathartic and oils and fats, having high dispersibility in water and usable in an easily takable form. CONSTITUTION:The objective laxative composition can be produced by mixing (A) 1pt.wt. of swelling cathartics (e.g. edible fibers such as seed skin of Plantago ovata, synthetic water-soluble polymeric substances such as carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.) with (B) 0.1-10pts.wt. of oils and fats (e.g. vegetable oils and fats such as hempseed oil, linseed oil and palm oil animal oils and fats such as beef fallow, etc.) and forming the mixture into tablet, pill, granule, etc. The agent may be compounded, as necessary, with a stimulant cathartic such as bisacodyl, salt cathartic such as magnesium oxide, infiltration cathartic such as dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, stomachic components, etc. Since the compositions has excellent dispersibility in water, it uniformly swells in digestive tracts and can be formed into an easily takable form.
The present invention addresses the problem of providing a conjugate which is useful in a pretargeting method and composed of a biotin-modified dimer and a duocarmycin derivative. According to the present invention, provided is a compound represented by formula (1) or (2). (In the formula, R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or a lower alkoxycarbonyl group. One among R3, R4, and R5 represents -O-L7-(Xaa)m-L6-N3, and the other two each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or a lower alkoxyl group. X represents a reactive group. L6 and L7 each independently represent a divalent linking group. Xaa represents an amino acid residue. m represents an integer of 2-10. Me represents a methyl group.)
Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein strongly expressed in coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that bind to specific target molecules with high affinity. This study hypothesized that tenascin-C expression at atherosclerotic plaque in vivo could be detected by tenascin-C specific aptamers using positron emission tomography (PET). This paper reports the radiosynthesis of a fluorine-18 (18F)-labeled tenascin-C aptamer for the biodistribution and PET imaging of the tenascin-C expression in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. The aortas ApoE-/- mice showed significantly increased positive areas of Oil red O staining than control C57BL/6 mice, and tenascin-C expression was detected in foam cells accumulated in the subendothelial lesions of ApoE-/- mice. The ex vivo biodistribution of the 18F-labeled tenascin-C aptamer showed significantly increased uptake at the aorta of ApoE-/- mice, and ex vivo autoradiography of aorta revealed the high accumulation of the 18F-labeled tenascin-C aptamer in the atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE-/- mice, which was consistent with the location of the atherosclerotic plaques detected by Oil red O staining. PET imaging of the 18F-labeled tenascin-C aptamer revealed a significantly higher mean standardized uptake in the aorta of the ApoE-/- mice than the control C57BL/6 mice. These data highlight the potential use of tenascin-C aptamer to diagnose atherosclerotic lesions in vivo.
Copper is an essential trace element for all aerobic organisms because of its unique biological functions. In recent years, researchers have discovered that copper can induce cell death through various regulatory mechanisms, thereby inducing inflammation. Efforts have also been made to alter the chemical structure of copper to achieve either anticancer or anti-inflammatory effects. The copper ion can exhibit bactericidal effects by interfering with the integrity of the cell membrane and promoting oxidative stress. Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response caused by infection. Some studies have revealed that copper is involved in the pathophysiological process of sepsis and is closely related to its prognosis. During the infection of sepsis, the body may enhance the antimicrobial effect by increasing the release of copper. However, to avoid copper poisoning, all organisms have evolved copper resistance genes. Therefore, further analysis of the complex relationship between copper and bacteria may provide new ideas and research directions for the treatment of sepsis.
Pembrolizumab will be given as an IV infusion on day 1 before paclitaxel every 21 (+/- 3) days. Paclitaxel will be given as an IV infusion over 60 minutes, on days 1 and 8 every 21 (+/- 3) days.