anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Single dose of QBW251 10 mg in Healthy Volunteers. Each treatment period was comprised of a baseline period (Day -1), an inpatient dosing period (Days 1 to 3), three follow-up visits (Days 4, 5, and 8), and one end-of-treatment-period evaluation performed 14 days after the dose of study drug (Day 15).
PURPOSE: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with severe postoperative pain. Continuous adductor canal blockade provides analgesia while preserving quadriceps muscle strength. Nevertheless, uncertainty still exists as to the optimal adductor canal catheter placement approach. We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the analgesic effects of proximal vs distal adductor canal catheters in patients undergoing TKA.
SOURCE: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane for RCTs comparing distal and proximal adductor canal catheters for TKA regarding critical clinical outcomes in adult patients. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.1.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test and I2 statistics. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to evaluate the risk of random errors and the uncertainty of our results. The risk of bias was appraised according to the RoB-2 tool.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Six RCTs and 352 patients were included, of whom 151 (42.9%) were male, and 175 (49.7%) were randomized to undergo proximal adductor canal catheter placement. Due to the randomized nature of the studies, baseline characteristics were similar between groups. There were no statistical differences between proximal and distal adductor canal catheters regarding cumulative opioid consumption in the first 24 hr (mean difference [MD], -4.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], -15.19 to 5.47; P = 0.36; four RCTs; 240 patients); pain scores at rest (MD, 0.41; 95% CI, -1.23 to 0.40; P = 0.32; six RCTs; 350 patients); and pain scores with movement for the first 24 hr (MD, -0.25; 95% CI, -0.85 to 0.35; P = 0.42; four RCTs; 246 patients). In the TSA, the required information size was not reached, and the Z-curve did not cross the monitoring boundaries in any of the endpoints.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that proximal vs distal adductor canal catheter placement in patients undergoing TKA may be equally effective for the outcomes of opioid consumption in the first 24 hr, pain scores at rest, and pain scores with movement in the first 24 hr. Nevertheless, TSA findings suggest insufficient power to definitively conclude no differences between the two techniques.
STUDY REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42022353576); registered 25 August 2022.
Patients assigned to AFRT arm will undergo radiation similarly one fraction per day and then the sixth fraction will be given on another day (Saturday) or as an extra fraction on one of the first five days, but always allowing at least a 6-hour interval between fractions on same day. If any unintended interruption of the treatment occurs, this missing treatment will be given as soon as possible, preferably within a week, but not allowing more than 14 Gy to be given during any 7-day period.
Subjects will be instructed to use the nasal spray at a minimum of 8 doses each day and up to a maximum of 5 doses per hour and 40 doses in 24 hours starting on the TQD. Subjects will be instructed to use the nasal spray at a minimum of 8 doses each day and up to a maximum of 5 doses per hour and 40 doses in 24 hours starting on the TQD. Nasal spray will be used from the TQD through the end of Week 20.
Less than half of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) remit after first-line therapy (i.e., pharmacotherapy and/or psychotherapy). A progressively smaller proportion of patients remit with each subsequent medication trial, and a remission rate of only 10-15% after a fourth antidepressant trial. Patients with MDD are considered to have a treatment-resistant depression (TRD) whey they do not achieve response to first-line antidepressants. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) applied over the DLPFC for modulating brain activity and network connectivity has well-documented positive effects on major depressive disorder (MDD), especially TRD. rTMS research in treating MDD has shown a dose-response relationship and more recently, studies have shown a trend towards administering more stimuli over a shorter period of time and at higher frequencies leading to accelerated protocols. An optimized rTMS parameter called intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a novel protocol that consists of intermittently delivering bursts of 3 TMS pulses at high frequency (50 Hz) every 200 ms for 2 s (5Hz) every 10 s (total 600 pulses), allowing for greater long-lasting effects on cortical excitability and a more important number of rTMS pulses to be delivered in a shorter duration than standardized high frequency (HF) rTMS protocols. iTBS induces a long-term potentiation (LTP)-like effect by increasing the postsynaptic concentration of calcium ions and has been applied to treat MDD. iTBS has been proved to be safe and well tolerated and to have antidepressant properties. Prolonged iTBS (piTBS, total 1800 pulses) has been recently applied to treat MDD with favorable antidepressant properties. An accelerated protocol of piTBS has been recently approved to treat medication-refractory MDD by FDA.

MDD is associated with a 2.3 fold increase in prevalence of suicidal ideation as compared to the general population. The lifetime rate of death due to suicide among MDD patients is 15-20%. Research indicates that 30% of TRD patients will attempt suicide during their lifetime, which is a two-to-four times greater proportion than MDD patients who respond to treatment. Research indicates that rTMS improves several preconditions for suicide, including mood, memory, attention, executive functioning. rTMS is thought to have molecular effects similar to those seen with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), which is effective in treating suicidal patients, such as increased BDNF, increased monoamine turnover and normalization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Some research indicates that rTMS may reduce suicidal ideations of patients with MDD. However, powered sham-controlled rTMS clinical trials focusing on the efficacy to improve suicide risks are limited.

The study aims to investigate the efficacy of accelerated piTBS over the left DLPFC as an add-on therapy to improve suicide ideations in TRD patients. Moreover, it provides data on other secondary outcomes and neurophysiological data for this intervention condition.
Group A will receive SPECT imaging 3 times during the study. The first scan will take place prior to the initiation of any treatment, followed by scans at week 26 and week 52.
People with stroke are among the most relevant target groups for unobtrusive monitoring. Worldwide, stroke is the second most frequent cause for lasting disability and causes a substantial burden for the individual, caregivers and society. Thanks to improved treatment, many stroke survivors can be discharged to their homes. However, many have to live with disabilities and are prone to declining function, cognitive impairment and depression. With the acquired data, we want to create a database where digital behavior is analyzed with advanced computational methods. In collaboration with the Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Leiden, Netherlands, these data will be used to discover specific features for different health issues and to develop tools for the early detection of functional decline for different populations.
The program to be refined and pilot tested is called V-SPEAK! - Veteran Service Promoting English Acquisition and Knowledge. Through V-SPEAK!, veterans with a history of mental health concerns will volunteer as coaches, helping English Language Learners (ELL) improve their verbal English skills via structured conversations using webcams. In August 2018, there was a focus group with veterans, including both genders, African Americans, and veterans with challenges such as generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression. The group universally felt that V-SPEAK! fit well with veterans' sense of service and could be beneficial for those struggling with a loss of purpose, loneliness, and decreased self-worth. Veterans with mental disorders mentioned that the structured, bounded interactions via webcam would be an ideal way to increase social engagement without triggering anxiety or feeling overwhelmed.

The proposed study is designed to provide initial pilot data on the potential feasibility and impact of V-SPEAK! for veterans who have had mood disorders. Based on this study, there will be further refinement of the program and, if the results are positive, the investigator will seek grant funding for a more rigorous evaluation of the program's impact on outcomes. Despite the extremely encouraging experience to date recruiting participants for other similar studies (e.g., older adult volunteers with mild cognitive impairment), an important goal will be to determine whether the study can recruit and retain veterans with depression or anxiety, as well as the ELL conversation partners. Also the current V-SPEAK! orientation and session-support materials will be tailored to address the unique needs of veterans, and preliminary data on satisfaction with the V-SPEAK! experience and its impact on participants' mental health and functioning will be gathered. The study will provide vital data for the submission of a competitive application for a larger randomized trial evaluating the intervention's impact on veterans' mental health (e.g., depression, loneliness, and sense of purpose).
OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the United States. Sleep is one of the lifestyle-related factors that has been shown critical for optimal cognitive function in old age. However, there is a lack of research studying the association between sleep and AD incidence. A major bottleneck for conducting such research is that the traditional way to acquire sleep information is time-consuming, inefficient, non-scalable, and limited to patients' subjective experience. We aim to automate the extraction of specific sleep-related patterns, such as snoring, napping, poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, night wakings, other sleep problems, and sleep duration, from clinical notes of AD patients. These sleep patterns are hypothesized to play a role in the incidence of AD, providing insight into the relationship between sleep and AD onset and progression.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A gold standard dataset is created from manual annotation of 570 randomly sampled clinical note documents from the adSLEEP, a corpus of 192 000 de-identified clinical notes of 7266 AD patients retrieved from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). We developed a rule-based natural language processing (NLP) algorithm, machine learning models, and large language model (LLM)-based NLP algorithms to automate the extraction of sleep-related concepts, including snoring, napping, sleep problem, bad sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, night wakings, and sleep duration, from the gold standard dataset.
RESULTS: The annotated dataset of 482 patients comprised a predominantly White (89.2%), older adult population with an average age of 84.7 years, where females represented 64.1%, and a vast majority were non-Hispanic or Latino (94.6%). Rule-based NLP algorithm achieved the best performance of F1 across all sleep-related concepts. In terms of positive predictive value (PPV), the rule-based NLP algorithm achieved the highest PPV scores for daytime sleepiness (1.00) and sleep duration (1.00), while the machine learning models had the highest PPV for napping (0.95) and bad sleep quality (0.86), and LLAMA2 with finetuning had the highest PPV for night wakings (0.93) and sleep problem (0.89).
DISCUSSION: Although sleep information is infrequently documented in the clinical notes, the proposed rule-based NLP algorithm and LLM-based NLP algorithms still achieved promising results. In comparison, the machine learning-based approaches did not achieve good results, which is due to the small size of sleep information in the training data.
CONCLUSION: The results show that the rule-based NLP algorithm consistently achieved the best performance for all sleep concepts. This study focused on the clinical notes of patients with AD but could be extended to general sleep information extraction for other diseases.
Participants with normal renal function (creatinine clearance (CLcr) \> 90 ml/min) who serve as the study control. Participants treated with one dose of plerixafor (240 µg/kg) administered by subcutaneous (SC) injection.
Obesity is associated with numerous chronic diseases and increased cardiovascular mortality. It is also an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in addition to being associated with diabetes and CVD risk factors. Weight loss interventions that target body fat reductions are associated with reductions in cholesterol levels, blood pressure and fasting glucose. Xenical (orlistat) is a gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor which results in a reduction in the absorption of exogenous fat. Studies of up to two years duration have demonstrated that those taking Xenical plus diet lost significantly more weight than those taking placebo plus diet. Coincident with this were decreases in cholesterol levels. The use of Xenical in Type 2 diabetic patients being treated with sulfonylurea resulted in greater discontinuation of the sulfonylurea plus a greater reduction in sulfonylurea dosage compared to placebo. The use of Xenical in the clinical environment has the potential to improve CVD risk factors and potentially reduce the burden of other medications.This is a pilot study to investigate the effectiveness of Xenical on cardiovascular risk factors in the patients of St. Paul's Hospital Lipid Clinic.
Inappropriate activation of innate immune responses in nematode intestinal epithelial cells underlies the pathophysiology of some inflammatory disorders. Immunostimulatory xenobiotics are known to protect nematodes from bacterial infection (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Conversely, these same xenobiotics are toxic to uninfected nematodes. These xenobiotics were subjected to a forward genetic screen in uninfected nematodes to identify nematode mutants that were resistant to the deleterious effects of these xenobiotics. These resistant nematode strains contained hypomorphic mutations in each of the known components of the p38 MAP kinase cassette (tir-1, nsy-1, sek-1 and pmk-1), demonstrating that hyperstimulation of p38 MAPK innate immune responses may be responsible for the induced toxicity. A second genetic screen using dominant activators of the p38 MAPK pathway identified a single allele that had a gain-of-function (gf) mutation in nsy-1, the MAP kinase kinase kinase that acts upstream of p38 MAPK pmk-1.
Multifunctional hydrogels with tissue adhesion, self-healing behavior, and antibacterial properties have potential in wound healing applications. However, their inefficient self-healing behavior and antibacterial agents can cause long-term cytotoxicity and drug resistance, considerably limiting their clinical use. Herein, we reported a PDA@LA hydrogel constructed by introducing polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA-NPs) into a high-density dynamic bonds cross-linked lipoic acid (LA) hydrogel that was formed by the polymerization of LA. Because of its rich carboxyl groups, the LA hydrogel could adhere firmly to various tissues. Owing to the high-density dynamic bonds, the cut LA hydrogel exhibited highly inefficient self-healing behavior and recovered to its uncut state after self-healing for 10 min. After the introduction of the PDA-NPs, the hydrogel was able to heat up to more than 40 °C to kill approximately 100% of the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus under near-infrared (NIR) laser, thus resisting wound infections. Because no toxic antibacterial agent was used, the PDA@LA hydrogel caused mild long-term cytotoxicity or drug resistance. Consequently, the adhesive, highly efficient self-healing, and NIR photothermal antibacterial PDA@LA hydrogel exhibits considerable potential for clinical use.
Biological activities ascribed to TNFα include the upregulation of cellular adhesion molecules and chemokines, upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules, and direct leukocyte activation. TNFα stimulates the production of downstream inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-1, prostaglandins, platelet activating factor, and nitric oxide. Elevated levels of TNFα have been implicated in the pathology of Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Certolizumab pegol binds to TNFα, inhibiting its role as a key mediator of inflammation. TNFα is strongly expressed in the bowel wall in areas involved by Crohn's disease and fecal concentrations of TNFα in patients with Crohn's disease have been shown to reflect clinical severity of the disease. After treatment with certolizumab pegol, patients with Crohn's disease demonstrated a decrease in the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Increased TNFα levels are found in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients and play an important role in the joint destruction that is a hallmark of this disease.
The invention discloses oral medicament for treatment of oral leukoplakia. The oral medicament comprises 5%-30% of Chinese medical extract, 1%-5% of Western medicine ingredients and the balance adjuvant materials. The Chinese medical extract is prepared from bulbophyllum inconspicuum maxim, stems and leaves of hookedhairypod tickclover, nephelium chryseum, edible manna lichen, fragrant sarcococca herbs, fermented Chinese gall herb and tea leaves, dye yam, shaddock ped, asiatic cudweeds, white perilla leaves, seguin chinkapin cup bark or roots, elsholtzia blanda, caragana microphylla, fleshy-root gentian roots, ulmus parvifolia leaves, cucumber gourd seeds, artemisia japonica, averrhoa carambola L., humulus japonicus, feather cockscomb seeds, herbs of herba cirsii and desmodium triquetrum. The Western medicine ingredients include disodium succinate, vitamin A acetic ester, astaxanthin, sodium chloride, vitamin A palmitate, salicylic acid and urea. The oral medicament can achieve antisepsis and anti-inflammation, promote blood circulation and urinate with diuretics, promote production of body fluid and nourish the lung, reduce abscess and nurse the health from inside to outside. Thorough treatment can be achieved fundamentally, and the symptoms such as chapping, anabrosis or base hardening and surface thickening of a leukoplakia area are reduced obviously. The oral medicament can be taken conveniently, stimulation from local smearing is avoided, no toxic and side effects exist, favorable prognosis is realized, and relapse tends not to happen.
Serum urate levels are determined by the balance between uric acid production and uric acid excretion capacity from the kidneys and intestinal tract. Dysuricemia, including hyperuricemia and hypouricemia, develops when the balance shifts towards an increase or a decrease in the uric acid pool. Hyperuricemia is mostly a multifactorial genetic disorder involving several disease susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Hypouricemia, on the other hand, is caused by genetic abnormalities. The main genes involved in dysuricemia are xanthine oxidoreductase, an enzyme that produces uric acid, and the urate transporters urate transporter 1/solute carrier family 22 member 12 (URAT1/SLC22A12), glucose transporter 9/solute carrier family 2 member 9 (GLUT9/SLC2A9) and ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2). Deficiency of xanthine oxidoreductase results in xanthinuria, a rare disease with marked hypouricemia. Xanthinuria can be due to a single deficiency of xanthine oxidoreductase or in combination with aldehyde oxidase deficiency as well. The latter is caused by a deficiency in molybdenum cofactor sulfurase, which is responsible for adding sulphur atoms to the molybdenum cofactor required for xanthine oxidoreductase and aldehyde oxidase to exert their action. URAT1/SLC22A12 and GLUT9/SLC2A9 are involved in urate reabsorption and their deficiency leads to renal hypouricemia, a condition that is common in Japanese due to URAT1/SLC22A12 deficiency. On the other hand, ABCG2 is involved in the secretion of urate, and many Japanese have single nucleotide polymorphisms that result in its reduced function, leading to hyperuricemia. In particular, severe dysfunction of ABCG2 leads to hyperuricemia with reduced extrarenal excretion.
FIELD: medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: composition has 12-30 mg/ml of cyclosporin A or budesonide and 130-375 mg/ml of phospholipid in superpure water. Composition is placed into sprayer capacity. The second variant of composition: about 21.3 mg/ml of cyclosporin A and up to 160 mg/ml of dilaurylphospha-tidylcholine of initial concentration in sprayer. The third variant: up to 12.5 mg/ml of budesonide and up to about 187.5 mg/ml of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine of initial concentration in sprayer. The range of liposome particles as measured by aerodynamic diameter of median mass is from about 1.0 mcm to about 3.0 mcm. Invention ensures to prepare the concentrated compositions with high doses of active substances that provides maximal productivity of aerosol preparation based on thereof. Invention can be used in medicine for treatment of patients with different pulmonary diseases. EFFECT: improved properties of compositions. 16 cl, 13 dwg, 1 tbl, 12 ex
Objective. Adiponectin is an internally produced bioactive compound with a protective role against the insulin resistance-related diseases. Finding an adiponectin modifier can play a beneficial role in preventing the progression of the diseases, particularly in the prediabetic patients, as a high-risk population. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of dietary sorghum grain for a week on the plasma adiponectin levels in prediabetic patients. Methods. The study involved 26 (13+13) participants in both control and intervention groups. The control group maintained their habitual diet of white rice, while the intervention group replaced their habitual diet of white rice with sorghum grain for seven consecutive days. In all participants, the adiponectin concentration was measured before and after the intervention period. Results. Most study subjects had central obesity and dyslipidemia. Adiponectin levels after the intervention period decreased from the baseline in the control and sorghum groups including in all BMI groups. The change of decreasing adiponectin level was greater in the control than the sorghum group and in line with greater BMI in the sorghum group, but statistically insignificant. No significant difference in adiponectin concentrations was found among BMI groups. Conclusion. Sorghum grain consumption for a week is insufficient to increase adiponectin levels in the prediabetic patients. Insulin resistance, central obesity, and dyslipidemia may be the confounding variables that alter the favorable effect of sorghum on adiponectin. Longer sorghum consumption or other interventions may be needed to increase the adiponectin levels in people under these conditions.