anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In patients with skeletal muscle dystrophy, cardiac involvement is one of the limiting factors regarding mortality. Early detection of a dystrophy-associated cardiomyopathy is important, as heart failure therapy can slow adverse cardiac remodeling and alleviate heart failure symptoms. Cardiac biomarkers, especially high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin T (hs-cTnT) and to a lesser extent, high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin I (hs-cTnI), are chronically elevated in diseases with underlying structural heart disease. However, there is no reliable data on whether changes in the concentration of cardiac Troponin T or I are suitable for monitoring the cardiac disease progression. This can lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment of a relevant deterioration of the disease or even acute heart muscle damage in the context of acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and myocarditis. Due to insufficient clinical data, the feasibility and safety of the ESC 0/1-hour protocol according to the ESC guidelines for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in this patient population are uncertain. Furthermore, it is necessary to determine the normal biovariability of high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin T (hs-cTnT) and high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin I (hs-cTnI) to differentiate physiological concentration fluctuations of these cardiac biomarkers in this patient population from changes that represent an improvement or deterioration of heart function. Routine blood samples that will be collected at presentation, a second blood sample for study purposes will be collected after 1 hour for the first index visit. On the routine follow-up visit, 20 ml of blood will be collected for storage in addition to the routine blood test. Blood samples will be obtained by standard venous blood sampling. If venipuncture is unsuccessful or considered harmful by the patient and a suitable peripheral venous catheter is available, the venous catheter may be used for blood sampling to minimize damage. Assessment of parameters includes demographics and clinical characteristics (symptoms, history, medication, vital signs, risk scores etc.) and laboratory values with special focus on findings related to myocardial injury as indicated by high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and hs-cTnI. Moreover, the laboratory panel comprises other cardiac biomarkers, electrolytes, renal (creatine, glomerular filtration rate) and liver function (GOT, GPT, LDH), C-reactive protein, D-dimer etc.
The disclosure provides methods and kits for the classification of biological samples into clinically relevant categories. The method comprises the steps of (i) determining in a sample comprising a plurality of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments the sequence coordinates of the start and/or stop of at least 100,000 cfDNA fragments by alignment to a reference sequence, and (ii) determining in the reference sequence all nucleic acid motifs comprised of trinucleotides, tetranucleotides and pentanucleotides. Said nucleotides are: (a) within the range of 1 to 5 base pairs inwards but adjacent to each start and/or stop sequence coordinate determined in (i), and/or (b) within a range of 1 to 5 base pairs outwards but adjacent to each start and/or stop sequence coordinate determined in (i). Subsequently, in third step (iii) the frequency of (a) each sequence coordinate plus and/or minus 1 base pair determined in (i) in the plurality of cfDNA fragments comprised in the sample and (b) each of the nucleic acid motifs determined in (ii) a) and b) in the plurality of cfDNA fragments comprised in the sample is determined. Using these frequencies, the ratio of each of the frequencies determined in (iii) a) and b) over a corresponding reference frequency is calculated. A diagnostic score is calculated separately for each ratio mentioned above. As a final step, a combined diagnostic score from at least two or more diagnostic scores determined is calculated. The diagnostic scores and the combined diagnostic score allow for the classification of the sample into clinically relevant categories and the combined diagnostic score further allows for the classification of cell-free and/or circulating tumor DNA in the sample into low, moderate and high amount.
INTRODUCTION: HPV infection is well-recognized as a cause of nearly all cases of cervical cancer. There are currently three prophylactic HPV vaccines; a bivalent (Cervarix), a quadrivalent (Gardasil), and a nonavalent vaccine (Gardasil- 9). With the recent rollout of HPV vaccines in Nigeria, it is imperative to understand potential barriers and facilitators to its uptake.
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the awareness, perception, and willingness to accept HPV vaccine and explore enablers and barriers to HPV vaccine uptake among adolescents and caregivers.
METHODS: Four focus group discussions were conducted with adolescents from public and private secondary schools in Plateau, 4 with the parents of adolescents, and one IDI with the head of ANCOPSS. Each FGD had between 8-12 participants. Interviews were recorded and notes were taken. The interviews were transcribed, codes were generated and analysis was conducted using a thematic framework approach with NVIVO version 11 software.
RESULTS: Most participants demonstrated inadequate knowledge and poor perception of HPV and the vaccine. Girls were willing to accept the vaccine, while boys saw it as a female problem. Parents had limited knowledge but expressed willingness to allow their children to be vaccinated. The fear of side effects, poor vaccine quality, and lack of parental approval were major barriers expressed by the girls while myths and misconceptions regarding the vaccine interference with fertility and as a means of population control were significant barriers on the parts of the parents.
CONCLUSION: Low awareness and poor perception of HPV vaccine exist among adolescents and caregivers. Long-term individual and community-level interventions are needed to provide accurate information address knowledge gaps and promote inclusive access.
Letrozole (Femara; Novartis, East Hanover, NJ) at a dose of 5 mg/day and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) 150IU/day will be initiated on the second or third day of spontaneous menstruation and continued until the day of ovulation triggering. Ovulation triggering will be performed with the administration of 10000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as soon as two-three follicles of 17 mm diameter will be observed by transvaginal ultrasound.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), a common complication and leading cause of death. Persistent micro-inflammation is a unique feature of MHD. Given the established role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, this study aims to explore whether novel inflammatory markers (inflammation index) can serve as independent risk factors for CVD in MHD patients.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on patients from three dialysis centers, categorized into a CVD and non-CVD group based on medical history, laboratory tests, and physical examination. Fasting blood samples were collected from all participants for indicator testing.
RESULTS: The analysis of 209 patients revealed that 104 had concurrent CVD. Patients in the CVD group were significantly older and exhibited higher anxiety and depression scores. Forward stepwise multivariate logistic regression results identified the inflammation index neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.082-1.491, P < 0.05) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) (OR = 1.001, 95% CI 1.0001-1.002, P < 0.05) as independent risk factors for CVD in MHD patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that SII, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and NLR all possess predictive diagnostic values for CVD events in this patient population.
CONCLUSIONS: Hemodialysis centers can utilize simple and cost-effective inflammatory markers to proactively identify patients at risk of CVD. Future research into how inflammation contributes to CVD in MHD is required.
INTRODUCTION: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a complex disease associated with profound dysfunction. Despite an incredible burden, the first and only pharmacotherapy for metabolic-associated steatohepatitis was only approved in March of this year, indicating a gap in the translation of preclinical studies. There is a body of preclinical work on the application of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors in CLD, none of these molecules have been successfully translated into clinical use.
AREAS COVERED: To design therapies to combat CLD, it is essential to consider the dysregulation of other tissues that contribute to its development and progression. As such, proper therapies must combat this throughout the body rather than focusing only on the liver. To detail this, literature characterizing the pathogenesis of CLD was pulled from PubMed, with a particular focus placed on the role of PDE4 in inflammation and metabolism. Then, the focus is shifted to detailing the available information on existing PDE4 inhibitors.
EXPERT OPINION: This review gives a brief overview of some of the pathologies of organ systems that are distinct from the liver but contribute to disease progression. The demonstrated efficacy of PDE4 inhibitors in other human inflammatory diseases should earn them further examination for the treatment of CLD.
This protocol will involve individual semi-structured qualitative interviews with 30 parent-son dyads and 20 pediatric health care providers. Parent-son pairs will be recruited from IUMG primary care adolescent health clinics. Recruitment will occur and consent/assent for participation obtained during the visit with the health care provider, with the physician out of the room. Interviews with parents and sons will take place after the health care appointment and after HPV vaccine acceptance/refusal. Parents and sons will be administered a brief questionnaire that will cover socio-demographic and other background information. The parent-son interviews will be separate, simultaneous one-on-one ethnographic interviews (30-60 min) that focus on the decision making process regarding HPV vaccination (yes/no). Each interview will consist of 8-10 open-ended questions, serving as an elicitation device. Sample questions include: (1) Tell me what you understand about the HPV vaccine? (2) Tell me what happened when you were in the examination room and your doctor asked you and your parent/son about getting the vaccine? (3) Was the decision made quickly, or did you have a conversation about it first? (4) Who had the most influence on the decision, you or your parent/son? (5) Why did you decide to get (or not to get) the vaccine? The interviewer will ask participants to elaborate on the meaning and contexts of their responses, and look for organization in what the participant is saying, developing and testing hypotheses during the interview. Each interview will be conducted by a trained, gender-matched research assistant.

Health care providers will be interviewed at a different time, and the interviews (25-30 min) will focus on HPV vaccine related attitudes, supply, costs, communication and perceived benefits associated with vaccinating adolescent males, rather than care to specific patients. Sample questions include: (1) How do you inform patients about the HPV vaccine? (2) What is the specific wording that you use when you offer HPV vaccine? Be very specific. Don't leave out any detail.
Similar to previous narrative and memory interventions, parents in the control group will receive instructions from a researcher for 20 minutes on how to engage in child-directed play. Importantly, they will not talk about pain or the past surgery experience.
At the time of study entry, all patients are receiving a HAART regimen consisting of three drugs from at least two classes of antiretroviral drugs. Upon entering the study, patients receive Remune or IFA at Weeks 0, 12, and 24. Patients remain on study for 40 weeks. Patients who have received three injections of Remune or IFA and whose plasma HIV-1 RNA level is less than 50 copies/ml at Week 26 discontinue HAART at Week 28. (If the patient has a plasma HIV-1 RNA level at or above 50 copies/ml at Week 26, he/she must have a measurement below 50 copies/ml at Week 27 to proceed with HAART discontinuation at Week 28. If by Week 27 the patient does not have a plasma HIV-1 RNA level below 50 copies/ml, the patient does not discontinue HAART but remains on study and has study visits at Weeks 34 and 40.) Patients who discontinue HAART have their plasma HIV-1 RNA levels measured on the day HAART is discontinued and at Days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 after discontinuation. Patients with a plasma HIV-1 RNA level of at least 5,000 copies/ml at Week 34 restart HAART at that time. (Patients whose plasma HIV-1 RNA level reaches greater than or equal to 100,000 copies/ml on two occasions before Week 34 have the option of restarting HAART immediately.) Patients whose plasma HIV-1 RNA level is less than 5,000 copies/ml at Week 34 do not restart HAART unless their level increases to at least 5,000 copies/ml. Patients who discontinue HAART are monitored intensively for the duration of the study. Patients have 27 visits if they stay on study until completion at Week 40.
Participants randomized to Arm 2 (delayed intervention) will be "wait listed" to begin sessions 6 months after the start of the study. This participation will be optional.
Moderate and high hyperopia are associated with the development of strabismus and amblyopia. The primary aims of treatment for asymptomatic moderate and high hyperopia in preschool children are to facilitate the development of normal visual acuity and to prevent the development of esotropia and amblyopia. Treatment consists of optical correction, typically using glasses. For children with high hyperopia (\>+5.00D) and without strabismus or amblyopia, there is general consensus that a correction should be prescribed. Nevertheless, for children with moderate hyperopia (+3.00D to +5.00D) without strabismus or amblyopia, there is less consensus among pediatric eye care professionals. A survey by Lyons et al found that for a 2-year-old child with hyperopia greater than +3.00D, 65% of optometrists would prescribe glasses compared to 25% of ophthalmologists; for a 4-year old with hyperopia greater than +3.00D, 67% of optometrists would prescribe compared with 42% of ophthalmologists. The American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) recommends correcting +4.00D or more in 2 to 7 year olds and the American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends a threshold of +4.50D for correction in 2-to 3-year olds. Unlike ophthalmology, optometry does not provide specific recommendations based on age and level of refractive error. Such variation in practice highlights the lack of rigorously collected scientific evidence for the management of this condition. Across all levels of hyperopia, most ophthalmologists and optometrists usually prescribe less than the full cycloplegic refraction (71% in the Lyons survey) when no strabismus or amblyopia is present.

The rationale for proactively correcting moderate hyperopia in an asymptomatic child is the prevention of esotropia, amblyopia, or asthenopia. The argument against correcting moderate hyperopia in an asymptomatic child is the expense and inconvenience of glasses that might be unnecessary and the potential disruption of emmetropization in infants and toddlers. At present, it remains uncertain whether correction of moderate hyperopia is beneficial in terms of visual acuity outcomes or strabismus development. There is some evidence that using partial correction of hyperopia allows emmetropization to take place.

If refractive correction of moderate hyperopia does not reduce the incidence of amblyopia and/or esotropia compared to no refractive correction, then glasses can be avoided. However, if correcting moderate hyperopia does reduce the development of amblyopia and/or esotropia, then the benefits of preemptive refractive correction will have been identified.
BACKGROUND: Tenecteplase is an effective thrombolytic agent for eligible patients with stroke who are treated within 4.5 hours after the onset of stroke. However, data regarding the effectiveness of tenecteplase beyond 4.5 hours are limited.
METHODS: In a trial conducted in China, we randomly assigned patients with large-vessel occlusion of the middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery who had salvageable brain tissue as identified on perfusion imaging and who did not have access to endovascular thrombectomy to receive tenecteplase (at a dose of 0.25 mg per kilogram of body weight; maximum dose, 25 mg) or standard medical treatment 4.5 to 24 hours after the time that the patient was last known to be well (including after stroke on awakening and unwitnessed stroke). The primary outcome was the absence of disability, which was defined as a score of 0 or 1 on the modified Rankin scale (range, 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater disability), at day 90. The key safety outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and death.
RESULTS: A total of 516 patients were enrolled; 264 were randomly assigned to receive tenecteplase and 252 to receive standard medical treatment. Less than 2% of the patients (4 in the tenecteplase group and 5 in the standard-treatment group) underwent rescue endovascular thrombectomy. Treatment with tenecteplase resulted in a higher percentage of patients with a modified Rankin scale score of 0 or 1 at 90 days than standard medical treatment (33.0% vs. 24.2%; relative rate, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.81; P = 0.03). Mortality at 90 days was 13.3% with tenecteplase and 13.1% with standard medical treatment, and the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 36 hours after treatment was 3.0% and 0.8%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: In this trial involving Chinese patients with ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion, most of whom did not undergo endovascular thrombectomy, treatment with tenecteplase administered 4.5 to 24 hours after stroke onset resulted in less disability and similar survival as compared with standard medical treatment, and the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage appeared to be higher. (Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and others; TRACE-III ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05141305.).
A radioactive thermogel suspension, including a thermogel and a plurality of radioactive yttrium phosphate particles suspended in the thermogel. The thermogel is PLGA-g-PEG. The thermogel contains less than 65 ppm stannous octanoate. The plurality of radioactive yttrium phosphate particles are between 0.03 um and 10 um in diameter. The plurality of radioactive yttrium phosphate particles are generally spherical. The YPO 4  particle concentration is in the range of 3 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml.
PCT No. PCT/FI95/00358 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 7, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 7, 1997 PCT Filed Jun. 20, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/01626 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 25, 1996A controlled release transdermal system for the delivery of at least one therapeutic agent comprises: a reservoir comprising (a) the therapeutic agent in ionized form and (b) a pH adjusting agent which upon uptake of water is converted to a buffer solution and (c) a cyclized polysaccharide selected from a group consisting of cyclodextrin, cyclodextrin derivative and cyclodextrin polymer, the cyclized polysaccharide being capable of improving the solubility of the therapeutic agent in the buffer solution by forming an inclusion complex with the therapeutic agent; and a reservoir wall comprising a polymer being substantially impermeable to the ionized form or to the inclusion complex form of the therapeutic agent but permeable to water and to the unionized form of the therapeutic agent. The system allows the release of a therapeutic agent which may be a weak acid or base in a manner which shows less variation between patients than previous systems.
Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist with highest affinity for the mµ opioid receptor. Naltrexone has few, if any, intrinsic actions besides its opioid blocking properties. However, it does produce some pupillary constriction, by an unknown mechanism.

The administration of naltrexone is not associated with the development of tolerance or dependence. In subjects physically dependent on opioids, naltrexone will precipitate withdrawal symptomatology.

Occupation of opioid receptors by naltrexone may block the effects of endogenous opioid peptides. The neurobiological mechanisms responsible for the reduction in alcohol consumption observed in alcohol-dependent patients treated with naltrexone are not entirely understood. However, involvement of the endogenous opioid system is suggested by preclinical data.

Naltrexone blocks the effects of opioids by competitive binding at opioid receptors. This makes the blockade produced potentially surmountable, but overcoming full naltrexone blockade by administration of opioids may result in non-opioid receptor mediated symptoms such as histamine release.

Naltrexone is not aversive therapy and does not cause a disulfiram-like reaction either as a result of opiate use or ethanol ingestion.
PURPOSE: To obtain a composition for oral cavities, high in a chemical cleaning effect, and capable being suitably used for removing tooth stains adhered and deposited to the surfaces of the teeth. CONSTITUTION: 0.2-15wt.% of an orthophosphate salt (e.g. disodium biphosphate) is added to a composition for oral cavities containing an alkyl sulfate salt (e.g. sodium laurylsulfate) in an amount of 0.01-5wt.% based on the whole composition, and a water-soluble polyphosphate salt of formula: Mn+2 Pn O3n+1 (M is Na, K; n>=2) and formula: (MPO3 )m (m>=3) in an amount of >=1wt.%. The orthophosphate salt is compounded in an amount of >=0.2 times weight, preferably 0.2-1.1 times weight that of the polyphosphate salt. A surfactant selected from an N-acylamino acid, its salt and a polyoxyethylenealkyl ether sulfate salt is preferably further compounded in an amount of 0.01-7wt.%. The composition for the oral cavities is further compounded with conventional components, adjusted to a pH of 6-10, and subsequently processed into dentifrice such as tooth pastes, mouth washes, etc.  The composition can remove stains on teeth, such as stains, plaques, cigarette tars, etc., by the chemical action.
Group 1 (SE) (n = 35): patients undergoing spinal anesthesia of patients in our hospital to do unilateral inguinal hernia operation. Block application and the times when the sensory block reaches the T10 level are recorded. Surgery is allowed in patients who develop sensory block at the T10 level. During our study, no changes will be made to the procedure described above, which is standardized during our study, only patient data will be recorded observationally. Patients who do not have sufficient sensory block to start the procedure despite waiting 10 minutes will be registered and excluded from the study and additional anesthesia will be applied.