anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: The impact of rapid urbanization taking place across the world is posing variegated challenges. Especially in terms of communicable disease, the risk is more concentrated in urban poor areas where basic amenities are inadequate. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the effective community-based interventions (CBIs) aimed at preventing and controlling infectious diseases among the urban poor in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
METHODS: This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. A comprehensive search across five major databases was conducted to capture literature on CBIs published between 2011 and 2021. Scientific articles of any design that reported any type of CBIs effective in preventing and controlling infectious diseases (tuberculosis, diarrhea, typhoid, dengue, hepatitis B and C, influenza, and COVID-19) were included. Screening and selection of studies were done by two pairs of independent researchers using the predefined eligibility criteria. The risk of bias in included studies was assessed using the modified checklist outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP). Analysis of effective CBIs was guided by the conceptual framework for integrated CBIs for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), and narrative synthesis was carried out. Geographical restrictions were limited to LMICs and papers published in English.
RESULTS: Out of 18,260 identified papers, 20 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Community-based screening and socio-economic support, community-based vector control, behavior change communication, capacity building of the community health workers (CHWs), health education, and e- and m-health interventions were found as effective CBIs. Diversified CBIs were found to be effective for specific diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), diarrhea, dengue, influenza and ARI, and hepatitis B and C. Bundling of interventions were found to be effective against specific diseases. However, it was difficult to isolate the effectiveness of individual interventions within the bundle. The socio-cultural context was considered while designing and implementing these CBIs.
CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of an intervention is inextricably linked to social context, stakeholder dimensions, and broader societal issues. System approach is recommended, emphasizing context-specific, multi-component interventions that address social determinants of health. Integrating these interventions with public health strategies and community involvement is crucial for sustainable outcomes. These findings can guide the design of future interventions for better prevention and control of communicable diseases in urban poor areas.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42021278689.
BACKGROUND: Neck pain remains a persistent challenge in modern society and is frequently encountered across a wide range of occupations, particularly those involving repetitive and monotonous tasks. It might be expected that patterns of trapezius muscle activity at work, characterized by few breaks and prolonged periods of sustained muscle activity, are linked to neck pain. However, previous cross-sectional studies have generally failed to establish a definitive association. While some longitudinal studies have suggested that extended periods of heightened muscle activity could be a risk factor for neck pain, these findings often relied on limited participant numbers or specific professional groups. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between trapezius muscle activity and neck pain by pooling data from seven Scandinavian research institutes encompassing a diverse range of occupational backgrounds.
METHODS: Electromyographic (EMG) data for the upper trapezius muscle, collected during working hours, were coupled with questionnaire responses pertaining to neck pain, individual characteristics, and potential confounding variables for a total of 731 subjects. Additionally, longitudinal data from 258 subjects were available. The various EMG datasets were consolidated into a standardized format, and efforts were made to harmonize inquiries about neck pain. Regression analyses, adjusting for sex and height, were conducted to explore the associations between muscle activity variables and neck pain. An exposure index was devised to quantify the cumulative neck load experienced during working hours and to differentiate between various occupational categories.
RESULTS: The cross-sectional data displayed a distinct pattern characterized by positive associations for brief periods of sustained muscle activity (SUMA) and negative associations for prolonged SUMA-periods and neck pain. The longitudinal data exhibited a contrasting trend, although it was not as pronounced as the cross-sectional findings. When employing the exposure index, notable differences in cumulative muscle load emerged among occupational groups, and positive associations with longitudinal neck pain were identified.
DISCUSSION: The results suggest that individuals with neck pain experience higher cumulative workloads and extended periods of muscle activity over the long term. In the short term, they appear to compensate by taking frequent short breaks, resulting in a lower cumulative workload. Regardless of their occupation, it is crucial to distribute work breaks throughout the workday to ensure that the cumulative load remains manageable.
Oral tablets taken in escalating levels to determine MTD/RP2D. Each treatment cycle will be 28 days in duration with BPI-21668 administered, once daily (QD).
Placebo every 2 weeks + MTX (at a stable dose and route) from baseline through Week 24. The last study drug administration was at the Week 22 visit.
Participants will learn two different semantic categories, one of which has a Modular structure. After a 2.5-hour break, they will learn and be tested on a novel semantic category with a Modular structure.
Using an observational design with momentary ecological assessment on a smartphone app (mEMA), The investigators propose a strong prospective cohort design with repeated-measures for 12 months regarding patients with cancer and their pain, use of opioids and cannabis. The design was selected to allow for real-time, real-world assessments, while minimizing risks due to attrition and burden to the participants. The staff will enroll 100 cannabis users (50 African American, 50 White) and 100 cannabis non-users (50 African American, 50 White) diagnosed with cancer in the last 3 years and prescribed opioids from each of the three sites, University of Pennsylvania, PA, University at Buffalo, NY and Thomas Jefferson University, PA. Assessments will begin at Baseline (Month 0) and continue for 12 months. To reduce participant burden in terms of travel time, cost and inconvenience, patients will complete measures remotely via video/phone at 12 time points (Months 1-12). Daily measures of pain, cannabis and opioid use will be collected via EMA for one week per month for 12 months. Patients will report on multiple indices of cannabis use. Opioid prescription information and other covariates and potential moderators will be collected over the 12-month study period. Many factors affect opioid use, there is little insight into the longitudinal impact of cannabis use on when or how often patients self-dose opioids. EMA will give much needed insight into when and why cannabis users do or do not take opioids. Moreover, the focus on the co-use of cannabis and opioids allows better understanding of the interplay and timing in self-administration of one or both.
In diabetic patients, neuropathy, microvascular and macrovascular complications are known clinical findings which require attention during anesthesia. Partial degeneration or segmental demyelination of the nerve fibers and loss of motor units have been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus as well. Therefore, the effects of a neuromuscular blocking agent should be important because of potential complications from incomplete reversal or residual paralysis during anesthesia maintenance. In a series of studies, vecuronium has been the only agent investigated in patients with diabetes mellitus and other diseases characterized by neuromuscular dysfunction. Delayed recovery from the neuromuscular block after vecuronium administration was shown in patients with diabetes mellitus. Currently, rocuronium, with its rapid onset of action, rapid recovery profile and inactive metabolites, is generally known as a safe agent for anesthesia under normal conditions. It is known that the pharmacokinetic properties of rocuronium can be altered in some diseases, such as renal or hepatic failure. However, it has not been investigated whether the effect of rocuronium on neuromuscular function is changed in the presence of neuropathy in diabetes mellitus patients or not. The rationale of our study arises from the finding of many studies that show different changes in the neurophysiological parameters in diabetes mellitus. In diabetic nerve, the conduction velocity of the action potential is decreased, the amplitude of action potentials, both sensory and motor, is smaller, and the latency time is elongated.
BACKGROUND: Near infrared brain functional imaging (FNIRS) has been used for the evaluation of brain functional areas, the imaging differences of central activation of cognitive-motor dual tasks between patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) and healthy population remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluated the role of central imaging based on FNIRS technology on the plan management in patients with CLAI, to provide insights to the clinical treatment of CLAI.
METHODS: CLAI patients treated in our hospital from January 1, 2021 to June 31, 2022 were selected. Both CLAI patients and health controls were intervened with simple task and cognitive-motor dual task under sitting and walking conditions, and the changes of oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), premotor cortex (PMC) and auxiliary motor area (SMA) were collected and compared.
RESULTS: A total of 23 participants were enrolled. There were significant differences in the fNIRS ΔHbO2 of barefoot subtractive walking PFC-R and barefoot subtractive walking SMA-R between experimental and control group (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in ΔHbO2 between the experimental group and the control group in other states (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in ΔHbO2 between the experimental group and the control group in each state of the brain PMC region.
CONCLUSION: Adaptive alterations may occur within the relevant brain functional regions of individuals with CLAI. The differential activation observed between the PFC and the SMA could represent a compensatory mechanism emerging from proprioceptive afferent disruptions following an initial ankle sprain.
BACKGROUND: Previous observational studies have indicated a complex association between gut microbiota (GM) and neuropathic pain (NP). Nonetheless, the precise biological mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Therefore, we adopted a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal relationship between GM and neuropathic pain including post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN), and trigeminal neuralgia (TN), as well as to explore the potential mediation effects of immune cells.
METHODS: We performed a two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization study with an inverse variance-weighted (IVW) approach to investigate the causal role of GM on three major kinds of NP and the mediation effect of immune cells between the association of GM and NP. In addition, we determine the strongest causal associations using Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR) analysis. Furthermore, we will investigate the mediating role of immune cells through a two-step Mendelian randomization design.
RESULTS: We identified 53 taxonomies and pathways of gut microbiota that had significant causal associations with NP. In addition, we also discovered 120 immune cells that exhibited significant causal associations with NP. According to the BWMR and two-step Mendelian randomization analysis, we identified the following results CD4 on CM CD4 + (maturation stages of T cell) mediated 6.7% of the risk reduction for PHN through the pathway of fucose degradation (FUCCAT.PWY). CD28 + DN (CD4-CD8-) AC (Treg) mediated 12.5% of the risk reduction for PHN through the influence on Roseburia inulinivorans. CD45 on lymphocyte (Myeloid cell) mediated 11.9% of the risk increase for TN through the superpathway of acetyl-CoA biosynthesis (PWY.5173). HLA DR + CD8br %T cell (TBNK) mediated 3.2% of the risk reduction for TN through the superpathway of GDP-mannose-derived O-antigen building blocks biosynthesis (PWY.7323). IgD-CD38-AC (B cell) mediated 7.5% of the risk reduction for DPN through the pathway of thiazole biosynthesis I in E. coli (PWY.6892).
DISCUSSION: These findings provided evidence supporting the causal effect of GM with NP, with immune cells playing a mediating role. These findings may inform prevention strategies and interventions directed toward NP. Future studies should explore other plausible biological mechanisms.
Example embodiments of the described technology provide systems and methods for ultrasound imaging. An example method may detect the presence of shear waves within a tissue region of a patient. The method may comprise exciting the tissue region of the patient with one or more exciters to induce propagation of shear waves within the tissue. A plurality of ultrasound images of the tissue may be acquired. A first image mask indicating which pixels of the acquired images represent a desired tissue type using a first trained machine learning model may be generated. The method may also comprise generating a second image mask indicating which pixels of the acquired images represent shear waves using a second trained machine learning model.
Cardiac channelopathies are inherited diseases that increase the risk of sudden cardiac death. While different genes have been associated with inherited channelopathies, there are still subtypes, e.g., catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and Brugada syndrome, where the genetic cause remains unknown. Various models, including animal models, heterologous expression systems, and the human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSCs-CMs) model, have been used to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of channelopathies. Recently, researchers have focused on using hiPSCs-CMs to understand the genotype-phenotype correlation and screen drugs. By combining innovative techniques such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated genome editing, and three-dimensional (3D) engineered heart tissues, we can gain new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of channelopathies. This approach holds promise for improving personalized drug treatment. This review highlights the role of hiPSCs-CMs in understanding the pathomechanism of Brugada syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and how these models can be utilized for drug screening.
BACKGROUND: Head and neck carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) represents a challenging diagnostic process when standard work-up fails to identify the primary tumour site. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic utility and complication profile of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) tongue base mucosectomy (TBM) in the management of CUP.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: An electronic database search was performed in the EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane databases. A meta-analysis of proportions was performed to obtain an estimate of the overall proportion for the detection and complication rates.
RESULTS: Nine studies representing 235 patients with CUP who had TORS TBM were included in the final analysis. The overall pooled tumour detection rate was 66.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 56.1-75.8]. The incidence of tumour detection in human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive cases (81.5%, 95% CI 60.8-96.4) was significantly higher than HPV-negative cases (2.3%, 95% CI 0.00-45.7). Weighted overall complication rate was 11.4% (95% CI 7.2-16.2). The majority were grade I or II (80%) according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.
CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests TORS to be safe and effective in localising the primary tumour site in patients with CUP. While the current data supports the use of TORS in patients who are HPV positive, larger numbers of HPV-negative cases are required to determine the true diagnostic effect with TORS before any valid conclusions can be inferred in this particular subgroup. Further research should focus on high quality prospective trials with stringent methodological work-up to minimise heterogeneity and allow for more accurate statistical analysis.
The Group-SPARCS component comprises one individual pre-release session, one individual post-release session, and 12 every-other-week (every two weeks) post-release group sessions extending six months post-release. Each session will be led by two trained individuals: a peer (history of criminal justice involvement and living with HIV) and a social worker.30 Within 14 days of release, participants will have one-on-one contact with a facilitator to update locator information, continue rapport building, review disclosure plans, provide a reminder of SPARCS logistics, and assign or remind the participant to a SPARCS group based on the location of residence and timing of release (depending on whether this occurred pre-release). Each Group-SPARCS meeting lasts approximately 2 hours, and the sessions occur in a private space in a community venue (e.g., community centre or church).
This is a placebo-controlled (i.e., an inactive substance that is compared with a drug to test whether the drug has a real effect in a clinical trial), double-blind (neither physician nor patient knows the treatment that the patient receives) randomized (the drug is assigned by chance) study in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder Type II. The study is designed to assess whether the antidepressant response to treatment with intravenous (IV) ketamine can be maintained by treatment with minocycline in patients with MDD and Bipolar Depression Type II (compared to placebo). Both hospitalized patients as well as patients being treated as an outpatient for their current episode of depression can qualify for participation in this study. The study has four sequential phases: if eligibility for the study has been confirmed during the 21-day screening phase, the patients will enter a 12-day open-label (ie, patient and physician know the intervention that is being administered) treatment phase during which the patient will receive 6 open-label IV infusions of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine on Day 1, 3, 5, 8, 10 and 12 in combination with open-label minocycline, orally administered twice daily. All patients will remain at the study site for at least 4 hours after the IV ketamine administrations. Response to treatment will be assessed using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) which is designed to measure the overall severity of depressive symptoms. Patients responding to ketamine/minocycline treatment will be randomized to receive minocycline or placebo for 6 weeks during a 6-week blinded treatment phase or until relapse. A patient will be defined as a "ketamine responder" if there is a 50% or more decrease in comparison to baseline values (Day 1 predose) in the MADRS total score performed at 3 to 4 hours postdose on Days 8, 10, or 12, with a 40% or more decrease from baseline in the MADRS total score on Day 12. Patients not responding to treatment with ketamine/minocycline will be given the option to receive 100 mg minocycline twice daily as open-label treatment for a maximum of 6 weeks. The patients (both responders and non-responders) will have weekly visits following last dose of ketamine until Day 54 (responders/non-responders) or until relapse (responders) whichever comes first, to determine the duration of the antidepressant effect and to assess safety and tolerability after completion of treatment. Upon completion of the study (Day 54) or at time of relapse all patients will have an end-of-study visit. All patients can return to standard of care treatment at the end of the study. The total study duration for each patient will be maximally 11 weeks.
AIMS: The current management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and concomitant heart failure (HF) remains a significant challenge. Catheter ablation (CA) has been shown to improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in these patients, but which patients can benefit from CA is still poorly understood. The aim of our study was to determine the predictors of improved ejection fraction in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) complicated with HF undergoing CA.
METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 435 patients with persistent AF underwent an initial CA between January 2019 and March 2023 in our hospital. We investigated consecutive patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVEF < 50%) measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) within one month before CA. According to the LVEF changes at 6 months, these patients were divided into an improved group (fulfilling the '2021 Universal Definition of HF' criteria for LVEF recovery) and a nonimproved group. Eighty patients were analyzed, and the improvement group consisted of 60 patients (75.0%). In the univariate analysis, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (P = 0.005) and low voltage zones in the left atrium (P = 0.043) were associated with improvement of LVEF. A receiver operating characteristic analysis determined that the suitable cutoff value for left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) was 59 mm (sensitivity: 85.0%, specificity: 55.0%, area under curve: 0.709). A multivariate analysis showed that LVDd (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76-0.95, P = 0.005) and low voltage zones (LVZs) (OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.07-0.96, P = 0.043) were significantly independently associated with the improvement of LVEF. Additionally, parameters were significantly improved regarding the left atrial diameter, LVDd and ventricular rate after radiofrequency catheter ablation (all p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) occurred in 75.0% of patients. Our study provides additional evidence that LVDd < 59 mm and no low voltage zones in the left atrium can be used to jointly predict the improvement of LVEF after atrial fibrillation ablation.