anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVES: Circadian misalignment and sleep deprivation often occur in tandem, and both negatively impact glucose homeostasis and metabolic health. The present study employed a forced desynchrony protocol to examine the influence of extended wakefulness and circadian misalignment on hourly glucose levels.
METHODS: Nine healthy adults (4F/5M; 26 ± 4years) completed a 31-day in-laboratory protocol. After three 24 hour baseline days with 8 hours scheduled sleep opportunities, participants were scheduled to 14 consecutive 42.85 hour sleep-wake cycles, with 28.57 hours extended wakefulness and 14.28 hours sleep opportunities each cycle. Blood was sampled hourly across the forced desynchrony and over 600 plasma samples per participant were analyzed for glucose levels.
RESULTS: Both hours into the 42.85 hours forced desynchrony day and circadian phase modulated glucose levels (p < .0001). Glucose peaked after each meal during scheduled wakefulness and decreased during scheduled sleep/fasting. Glucose levels were, on average, lowest during the biological daytime and rose throughout the biological night, peaking in the biological morning. When analyzed separately for scheduled sleep vs. wakefulness, the peak timing of the circadian rhythm in glucose was later during sleep (p < .05). Glucose area under the curve levels increased rapidly from the beginning of the forced desynchrony protocol and were highest on the second forced desynchrony day (p < .01), returning towards forced desynchrony day 1 levels thereafter.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings have important implications for understanding factors contributing to altered glucose metabolism during sleep loss and circadian misalignment, and for potential physiological adaptation of metabolism in healthy adults, who are increasingly exposed to such conditions in our society.
The present invention relates to injection for inhibiting platelet aggregation and a preparation process thereof. The injection for inhibiting platelet aggregation comprises the components of tirofiban hydrochloride monohydrate, water and sodium chloride. The sodium chloride is weighed according to a formula, and is added into 5000 ml of water to be stirred until the sodium chloride is completely dissolved. Active carbon of 0.3% of solution quality is weighed to be evenly stirred, and is heated to boil for 15 minutes. After being chilled, the active carbon is filtered. The tirofiban hydrochloride monohydrate is accurately weighed according to the formula, is completely dissolved by water. The tirofiban hydrochloride monohydrate solution is added into the sodium chloride solution, and water is added until the water is about full dose. A pH valve is regulated to 5.5 to 6.5 by hydrochloric acid, and water is added to specified amount. 0.45 um of microporous filtering film is used for filtering to be split charged into bottles. The bottles are sterilized for 35 minutes under 115 DEG C of hot pressure. By experimental verification, the stability index of a formula of the present invention is superior to a formula using a citrate buffer solution, simultaneously, the application of auxiliary material is reduced, and the security of drug intravenous injection can be increased.
Amides containing methyl esters of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), L-proline and L-tyrosine, and esters containing 3-(pyridin-3-yl)propan-1-ol were synthesized by conjugation with 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic, an NSAID (tolfenamic acid), or 3-phenylacrylic (cinnamic, (E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic and caffeic) acids. The rationale for the conjugation of such moieties was based on the design of structures with two or more molecular characteristics. The novel compounds were tested for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic properties. Several compounds were potent antioxidants, comparable to the well-known antioxidant, Trolox. In addition, the radical scavenging activity of compound 6 reached levels that were slightly better than that of Trolox. All the tested compounds demonstrated remarkable activity in the reduction in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, up to 59% (compound 2, a dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule, with almost 2.5-times higher activity in this experiment than the parent NSAID). Additionally, the compounds caused a significant decrease in the plasma lipidemic indices in Triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Compound 2 decreased total cholesterol by 75.1% and compound 3 decreased triglycerides by 79.3% at 150 μmol/kg (i.p.). The hypocholesterolemic effect of the compounds was comparable to that of simvastatin, a well-known hypocholesterolemic drug. Additionally, all compounds lowered blood triglycerides. The synthesized compounds with multiple activities, as designed, may be useful as potential candidates for conditions involving inflammation, lipidemic deregulation and oxygen toxicity.
BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can occur suddenly, which may induce deadly outcomes, and the population suffering from AMI presents a younger trend. Necroptosis, the new cell necrosis type, is associated with the pathogenic mechanisms of diverse cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Its diagnostic value and molecular mechanisms in AMI are still unclear. Objective: This study focused on determining key necroptosis-related genes as well as immune infiltration in AMI.
METHODS: We first examined the GSE66360 dataset for identifying necroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (NRDEGs). Thereafter, GO and functional annotation were performed, then a PPI network was built. In addition, "CIBERSORT" in R was applied in comparing different immune infiltration degrees in AMI compared with control groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate whether hub NRDEGs could be used in AMI diagnosis. Associations of immune cells with candidate NRDEGs biomarkers were examined by Spearman analysis. Finally, hub NRDEGs were validated by cell qPCR assays and another two datasets.
RESULTS: A total of 15 NRDEGs were identified and multiple enrichment terms associated with necroptosis were discovered through GO and KEGG analysis. Upon module analysis, 10 hub NRDEGs were filtered out, and the top six hub NRDEGs were identified after ROC analysis. These top six NRDEGs might have a certain effect on modulating immune infiltrating cells, especially for mast cells activated, NK cells activated and neutrophils. Finally, two AMI datasets and qPCR assay came to identical findings.
CONCLUSION: Our results offer the reliable molecular biomarkers and new perspectives for necroptosis in AMI, which lay a certain foundation for developing novel anti-AMI therapeutic targets.
Empyema poses a significant global health concern, yet identifying responsible bacteria remains elusive. Recent studies question the efficacy of conventional pleural fluid culture in accurately identifying empyema-causing bacteria. The aim of this study was to compare diagnostic capabilities of next-generation sequencing (NGS) with conventional pleural fluid culture in identifying empyema-causing bacteria. Five databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane, Research Gate, and PubMed) were used to search studies comparing conventional pleural fluid culture with NGS for identifying empyema-causing bacteria using keywords. Positive results identified through conventional pleural fluid culture and NGS were extracted. In addition, bacterial profiles identified by NGS were also documented. Joanna-Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool was employed to assess quality of included studies. Descriptive analysis was employed to present outcome of interests. From five databases, three studies, with 354 patients, were included. Findings from three studies showed that NGS outperformed conventional pleural fluid culture in detecting empyema-causing bacteria even in culture-negative samples. Moreover, dominant bacterial profiles identified through NGS included Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and anaerobic bacteria. In conclusion, NGS outperforms conventional pleural fluid culture in detection empyema-causing bacteria, yet further studies with larger samples and broader bacterial profiles are needed to increase confidence and urgency in its adoption over conventional pleural fluid culture.
Arm II (topotecan hydrochloride \& Berzosertib (M6620) Participants receive topotecan hydrochloride intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on days 1-5 and Berzosertib (M6620) IV over 60 minutes on days 2 and 5. Cycles repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Participants undergo a computed tomography (CT) scan during screening and on study as well as a tumor biopsy during screening. Participants may also undergo blood sample collection during screening and on study.
1. Symptomatic response to therapy with ZANTAC does not preclude the presence of gastric malignancy.
  2. Since ZANTAC is excreted primarily by the kidney, dosage should be adjusted in patients with impaired renal function (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Caution should be observed in patients with hepatic dysfunction since ZANTAC is metabolized in the liver.
  3. In controlled studies in normal volunteers, elevations in SGPT have been observed when H2-antagonists have been administered intravenously at greater-than-recommended dosages for 5 days or longer. Therefore, it seems prudent in patients receiving IV ranitidine at dosages ≥100 mg 4 times daily for periods of 5 days or longer to monitor SGPT daily (from day 5) for the remainder of IV therapy.
  4. Bradycardia in association with rapid administration of ZANTAC Injection has been reported rarely, usually in patients with factors predisposing to cardiac rhythm disturbances. Recommended rates of administration should not be exceeded (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
  5. Rare reports suggest that ZANTAC may precipitate acute porphyric attacks in patients with acute porphyria. ZANTAC should therefore be avoided in patients with a history of acute porphyria.
Airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the important pathological feature of airway remodeling in asthma. While macrolides are not commonly used to treat asthma, they have been shown to have protective effects on the airways, in which mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aims to investigate the impact of clarithromycin on airway EMT in asthma and its potential mechanism. The results revealed an increase in Kv1.3 expression in the airways of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice, with symptoms and pathological changes being alleviated after treatment with the Kv1.3 inhibitor 5-(4-phenoxybutoxy)psoralen (PAP-1). Clarithromycin was found to attenuate airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the inhibition of Kv1.3 and PI3K/Akt signaling. Further experiments in vitro confirmed that PAP-1 could mitigate EMT by modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling in airway epithelial cells undergoing transformation into mesenchymal cells. These findings confirmed that clarithromycin might have a certain protective effect on asthma-related airway remodeling and represent a promising treatment strategy.
The identification of biomarkers in a patient's blood or tissue that are specific for particular medical conditions (such as interstitial lung disease, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), and post-lung transplant rejection) is important for the prevention and early detection of the disease, as well as to advance our understanding of targeted therapies. Availability of biomarkers for diagnosis and for the prediction of patient prognosis and therapy promises personalized medicine. Patients may be selected based on the presence of particular gene mutations or circulating protein levels to receive personalized treatment. Furthermore, knowledge regarding genetic risk and susceptibility to infectious diseases as well as structural lung disease is rapidly growing-as whole genome sequencing and genome-wide association studies have become easier to do, genetic risk has emerged as increasingly important in understanding why and how some patients develop chronic lung disease. This is true for the spectrum of lung diseases treated in the ALD program, from those with airways diseases such as COPD to diffuse parenchymal lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The availability of human biological specimens for research purposes is crucial for the advancement of medical knowledge of understanding, diagnosing, and treating chronic lung diseases and optimizing post-lung transplant care.
The present disclosure is the use of a hyaluronic acid nanoparticle for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of tumors of the lymphatic system via intralymphatic transport. These nanoparticles include hyaluronic acid derivatives and platinum compounds. The hyaluronic acid derivative comprises hyaluronic acid, modified histidine and optionally polymer or C 4 ‑C 20 One or more of alkyl groups. The hyaluronic acid derivative may comprise a linking group (linking group) which links the polymer or C 4 ‑C 20 Alkyl to hyaluronic acid. The platinum compound includes (1,2-diaminocyclohexane) platinum dichloride (dichoro (1,2-diaminocyclohexane) platinum, DACHPt), cisplatin (cissplatin) and oxaliplatin (oxaliplatin). This intralymphatic (intralymphatic) delivery method offers significant advantages for the use of platinum drugs in the treatment of lymphoma.
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a typical example of an intractable skin disease with no clear cause and significantly affects daily life of patients. Because CSU is a human-specific disease and lacks proper animal model, there are many questions regarding its pathophysiological dynamics. On the other hand, most clinical symptoms of urticaria are notable as dynamic appearance of skin eruptions called wheals. In this study, we explored dynamics of wheal by dividing it into three phases using a mathematical model: onset, development, and disappearance. Our results suggest that CSU onset is critically associated with endovascular dynamics triggered by basophils positive feedback. In contrast, the development phase is regulated by mast cell dynamics via vascular gap formation. We also suggest a disappearance mechanism of skin eruptions in CSU through an extension of the mathematical model using qualitative and quantitative comparisons of wheal expansion data of real patients with urticaria. Our results suggest that the wheal dynamics of the three phases and CSU development are hierarchically related to endovascular and extravascular pathophysiological networks.
The present disclosure relates to a precise insulin aerosolization and respiratory system aerosolization device. The device is provided with a dosing knob, a medicine pushing screw, a medicine bottle, a liquid medicine preparation nebulization chamber, a medicine mist mouthpiece, a microporous ultrasonic nebulization plate, an operating circuit board, and the like. Liquid medicine in the medicine bottle flows into the liquid medicine preparation nebulization chamber. According to the inhalation capacity of the human body, single operating time of the microporous ultrasonic nebulization plate is set. The medicine mist mouthpiece is put into the mouth to start medicine inhalation, and under the action of inhalation, the microporous ultrasonic nebulization plate starts a single operation, and thus the liquid medicine is nebulized and inhaled into the lungs through the medicine mist mouthpiece and the mouth. The operating circuit board prompts to stop the medicine inhalation, and thus a single inhalation is completed.
PURPOSE: A disposable ophthalmic composition is provided to prevent cross contamination and to ensure safety. CONSTITUTION: A disposable ophthalmic composition is shortly used for ophthalmic surgery or test and contains a drug with short-term storage limit without antiseptic or preservative. The drug is mydriatic or anesthetic. The antiseptic or preservative is benzalkonium chloride or chlorobutanol. The drug is tropicamide, phenylephrine hydrochloride, or a mixture thereof of pH 4.5-5.8. The drug is propanocaine hydrochloride of pH 3.5-6.0. [Reference numerals] (AA) Start; (BB) 7 days later; (CC) Content %; (DD) Embodiment 4; (EE) Comparative embodiment 4; (FF) Control group
The invention relates to a process for preparing cinnamon extract, prepared cinnamon extract, composition containing cinnamon extract and usage of the extract in pharmacy or preparation of health care products. The process for preparation comprises the following procedures: a) cinnamon material and hydrosolvent are mixed evenly, b) the obtained mixture of procedure a) is extracted, c) residue is separated and cinnamon extract is obtained. The prepared cinnamon extract contains cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic acid, cinnamic aldehyde, and eugenol and the like. The external appearance of the cinnamic extract is yellow supernatant liquid with pH value about 4.6. The invention also provides composition containing the extract. The cinnamon extract of the invention can be used for preparing medicaments or health care products which have double functions of reducing blood sugar and reducing blood lipid and can protect liver function.
To appropriately give emergency medical treatment to a patient.SOLUTION: A medical information processing apparatus according to an embodiment comprises: a storage unit; an acquisition unit; an analysis unit; a selection unit; a determination unit; and a notification unit. The storage unit stores action information defining actions of medical treatment according to the state of diseases. The acquisition unit acquires clinical data on a patient. The analysis unit performs analysis processing for analyzing the acquired clinical data. The selection unit selects, from the action information stored in the storage unit, action information applied to the patient based on an analysis result obtained from the analysis processing. The determination unit generates detaining information for detaining the patient in a medical facility in accordance with the selected action information and determines a notification destination of the detaining information. The notification unit transmits the detaining information to the determined notification destination.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
RTA 901 capsules (10 mg or 40 mg) or placebo taken orally in a single dose. Group 1: RTA 901 10 mg or matching placebo Group 2: RTA 901 20 mg or matching placebo Group 3: RTA 901 ≤ 40 mg or matching placebo Group 4: RTA 901 ≤ 80 mg or matching placebo Group 5: RTA 901 ≤ 160 mg or matching placebo Group 6: RTA 901 ≤ 320 mg or matching placebo Group 7: RTA 901 ≤ 640 mg or matching placebo Dose selection will be based on the safety, tolerability and available pharmacokinetics observed in prior study groups.
INTRODUCTION: Ultrasound (US) is associated with severe visualization limitations (US Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System visualization score C) in one-third of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cirrhosis undergoing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening. Data suggest abbreviated MRI (aMRI) may improve HCC screening efficacy. This study analyzed the cost-effectiveness of HCC screening strategies, including an US visualization score-based approach with aMRI, in patients with NAFLD cirrhosis.
METHODS: We constructed a Markov model simulating adults with compensated NAFLD cirrhosis in the United States undergoing HCC screening, comparing strategies of US plus visualization score, US alone, or no surveillance. We modeled aMRI in patients with visualization score C and negative US, while patients with scores A/B did US alone. We performed a sensitivity analysis comparing US plus visualization score with US plus alpha fetoprotein or no surveillance. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), with a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000 per quality-adjusted life-year. Sensitivity analyses were performed for all variables.
RESULTS: US plus visualization score was the most cost-effective strategy, with an ICER of $59,005 relative to no surveillance. The ICER for US alone to US plus visualization score was $822,500. On sensitivity analysis, screening using US plus visualization score remained preferred across several parameters. Even with alpha fetoprotein added to US, the US plus visualization score strategy remained cost-effective, with an ICER of $62,799 compared with no surveillance.
DISCUSSION: HCC surveillance using US visualization score-based approach, using aMRI for visualization score C, seems to be the most cost-effective strategy in patients with NAFLD cirrhosis.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths in the US and risk increases with age. Colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) offers the possibility of both early detection and prevention. For those at average risk, CRCS beginning at age 50 is recommended. However, awareness and use of CRCS tests are low. We propose to conduct a randomized controlled trial to develop and test stepped interventions to increase initial uptake of CRCS in a nationally-representative, ethnically-diverse sample of male and female veterans. Our specific aims are to: (1) develop and pre-test stepped intervention components that are theory and evidence-informed; (2) implement and evaluate the process, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of stepped interventions to increase an initial CRCS among male and female veterans aged 50-64 years; and (3) analyze the association between predictor variables and CRCS initiation and the mediating and moderating effects of the interventions, after each step. In Step 1, we will evaluate a theory-based minimal cue delivered by a letter, telephone call, or automated telephone call compared with a survey-only control group to determine whether the 3 different delivery channels are equally efficacious and cost-effective. Minimal cues are a cost-effective method that prompts to action those more willing to change and are easy to disseminate in real-world settings. Persons who do not complete CRCS in Step 1 will be randomized in Step 2 to more intensive interventions that address resistance. In Step 2 we will determine whether a theory-based, tailored telephone intervention, using principles of Motivation Interviewing, is effective when delivered as part of a sequential intervention process in which early adopters have been removed from the population. Step 2 also will determine whether an automated approach, telephone-linked communication (TLC), is as effective as a telephone counselor in promoting initiation of CRCS. Steps 1 and 2 together will address the important issue of the "dose" needed to encourage completion of CRCS. After each step, we will examine the mediating and moderating effects of the intervention to identify determinants of completion. For cancer screening intervention research to have the broadest public health impact, interventions must have the potential for dissemination. We designed our trial to move us toward the goal of disseminable interventions with evidence of external validity.