anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and radiological imaging are increasingly recognized as crucial elements in breast cancer management. While radiology remains the cornerstone for screening and monitoring, ctDNA holds distinctive advantages in anticipating diagnosis, recurrence, or progression, providing concurrent biological insights complementary to imaging results.
AREAS COVERED: This review delves into the current evidence on the synergistic relationship between ctDNA and imaging in breast cancer. It presents data on the clinical validity and utility of ctDNA in both early and advanced settings, providing insights into emerging liquid biopsy techniques like epigenetics and fragmentomics. Simultaneously, it explores the present and future landscape of imaging methodologies, particularly focusing on radiomics.
EXPERT OPINION: Numerous are the current technical, strategic, and economic challenges preventing the clinical integration of ctDNA analysis in the breast cancer monitoring. Understanding these complexities and devising targeted strategies is pivotal to effectively embedding this methodology into personalized patient care.
During 28 days, participants will receive de CFG diet. The CFG diet emphasizes low intakes of red and processed meats and high intakes of minimally processed plant foods with water as the drink of choice, as per Canada's Food Guide. The number of portions of protein foods, whole-grains, fruits and vegetables to be served daily reflects the recommended ¼-¼-½ proportions. Regarding protein quality, vegetable proteins are served more often than animal proteins as stated in Canada's Food Guide. Weekly, red meat is served once, two days are meatless, and one day is free of animal products.
A health information generating apparatus includes an acquiring unit, an attribute information generating unit, and a health information generating unit. The acquiring unit acquires customer identification information of a customer whose health information is to be generated, and acquires prescription information associated with the customer identification information. The attribute information generating unit generates attribute information of the customer by using the prescription information acquired by the acquiring unit. The attribute information includes information indicating a health state of the customer. The health information generating unit generates the above-described health information by using the attribute information generated by the attribute information generating unit. The health information relates to at least one of maintenance, improvement, and future change in health of the customer.
Gastrointestinal cancers are a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. Many gastrointestinal cancers develop from cancer precursor lesions, which are commonly found in individuals with hereditary cancer syndromes. Hereditary cancer syndromes have advanced our understanding of cancer development and progression and have facilitated the evaluation of cancer prevention and interception efforts. Common gastrointestinal hereditary cancer syndromes, including their organ-specific cancer risk and surveillance recommendations, are reviewed in this article. The management of common gastroesophageal, pancreatic, and colonic precursor lesions is also discussed, regardless of their genetic background. Further research is needed to advance chemoprevention and immunoprevention strategies.
BACKGROUND: It is recommended that samples for plasma ammonia analysis are kept chilled and processed promptly as in vitro metabolism causes falsely elevated results. Rejection of unsuitable samples can cause delayed diagnosis and treatment of hyperammonaemia with potentially serious clinical consequences. The Metabolic Biochemistry Network (MetBioNet) hyperammonaemia guideline recommends analysis of samples not collected under ideal conditions and reporting with appropriate comments. An audit found that some laboratories did not follow this guidance. An investigation was performed into whether storage at controlled room temperature and delayed sample processing affected interpretation of plasma ammonia results.
METHODS: Eleven healthy volunteers provided informed consent. Blood was taken from each into 14 paediatric EDTA blood sample tubes, one placed immediately on ice, the others in a rack at room temperature. The chilled and baseline room temperature samples were centrifuged and plasma analysed by the Roche Ammonia (NH3L2) method. Samples stored at room temperature were analysed at 10-min intervals up to 2 h.
RESULTS: Baseline room temperature ammonia was higher than in the chilled sample (19 ± 6.6 µmol/L [mean ± standard deviation] and 18 ± 6.6 µmol/L, respectively). Ammonia increased further by 0.09 ± 0.02 µmol/L per minute to 30 ± 8.4 µmol/L at 2 h. No result was above the reference range (50 µmol/L). No healthy subject with normal baseline ammonia would have been erroneously identified as having hyperammonaemia.
CONCLUSIONS: Results support MetBioNet guidance that laboratories accept blood samples for ammonia analysis which are not processed under ideal conditions.
The present invention relates to a clinical practice guideline prompting method and a clinical practice guideline prompting system for executing the method. The clinical practice guideline prompting system includes a relational database and a rule database. The relational database stores at least one medical record data set corresponding to at least one patient. The medical record data set includes at least one medical record data corresponding to the patient. The rule database stores a plurality of preset clinical practice guideline rules. The clinical practice guideline prompting method includes the following steps of: (a) loading a medical record data set corresponding to a to-be-queried patient from the relational database; (b) loading a clinical practice guideline rule related to the to-be-queried patient from the rule database; (c) generating a clinical practice guideline prompt message corresponding to the to-be-queried patient according to the medical record data set corresponding to the to-be-queried patient and the clinical practice guideline rule related to the to-be-queried patient; and (d) providing a user with the clinical practice guideline prompt message corresponding to the to-be-queried patient.
There are disclosed novel avermectin derivatives wherein the 3˝- or 3′-methoxy group and/or the 4˝- or 4′-hydroxyl group are replaced by hydrogen. The 3˝- or 3′-desmethoxy-avermectins can further be derivatized at the 4˝- or 4′-positions as the amino, semicarbazone or oxime analogs. The 3˝- or 3′-desmethoxy-avermectins are prepared by the reaction of Samarium iodide on the corresponding 4˝- or 4′-oxo-avermectins. The 4˝-or 4′-deoxo-­avermectins are prepared by radical deoxygenation of the corresponding hydroxy-avermectins. Di-de­oxygenated avermectin derivatives are obtained by combination of these two methods or by treating avermectin aglycone or avermectin monosaccharide with a dihydropyran. The new compounds are potent anti-parasitic agents, in particular, the compounds are anthelmintic, insecticidal and acaridical agents.
Concomitant administration of cimetidine and venlafaxine in a steady-state study for both drugs resulted in inhibition of first-pass metabolism of venlafaxine in 18 healthy subjects. The oral clearance of venlafaxine was reduced by about 43%, and the exposure (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) of the drug were increased by about 60%. However, coadministration of cimetidine had no apparent effect on the pharmacokinetics of ODV, which is present in much greater quantity in the circulation than venlafaxine. The overall pharmacological activity of venlafaxine plus ODV is expected to increase only slightly, and no dosage adjustment should be necessary for most normal adults. However, for patients with pre-existing hypertension, and for elderly patients or patients with hepatic dysfunction, the interaction associated with the concomitant use of venlafaxine and cimetidine is not known and potentially could be more pronounced. Therefore, caution is advised with such patients.
The individuals in the electroacupuncture group were administered the therapy by a certified acupuncturist. Two Shenlong acupuncture needles were inserted in each of the trapezius and levator scapulae muscles at intervals of 0-3 mm and clips were attached to their ends. Afterwards, an electrical current of 2 mA and 60 Hz was administered using the Enraf Nonius Sonoplus 492 (OPTOMED) device for 20 minutes.
The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine spray for treating allergic rhinitis. The traditional Chinese medicine spray is characterized by being prepared from the following components by weight: 10-16g of astragalus membranaceus, 8-14g of divaricate saposhnikovia roots, 8-14g of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, 6-12g of ephedra, 4-8g of monkshoods, 6-12g of magnolia flowers and 1-3g of asarum. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine spray for treating allergic rhinitis. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding distilled water into the components and decocting twice, and removing dregs to obtain a water extract; centrifugalizing the water extract at a high speed and micro-filtering; adjusting the pH value to 6-8; ultra-filtering the medicine liquid until the grain size is less than 0.1 mum, and storing the liquid medicine and preserving; mixing the liquid medicine with normal saline and placing in a sprayer. The spray is absorbed to the nasal cavity for nebulizer therapy, so that the problem that certain patients are loath to take traditional Chinese medicines is avoided. The spray is good in patient compliance, economical in medication and convenient to use.
The efficacy of VIIBRYD as a treatment for major depressive disorder was demonstrated in four multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in adult (18-70 years of age) outpatients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for MDD. Three 8-week studies evaluated the efficacy of VIIBRYD 40 mg (Studies 1-3) and one 10-week study (Study 4) evaluated the efficacy of VIIBRYD 20 mg and 40 mg (see Table 5). In these studies, patients were randomized to either 20 mg or 40 mg, or placebo once daily with food. Patients were either titrated over 1 week to a dose of 20 mg daily or over 2 weeks to a dose of 40 mg once daily of VIIBRYD with food. VIIBRYD was superior to placebo in the improvement of depressive symptoms as measured by the change from baseline to endpoint visit in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score for both doses. The MADRS is a ten-item, clinician-rated scale used to assess severity of depressive symptoms. Scores on the MADRS range from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating more severe depression. Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S) was evaluated in Studies 3 and 4. VIIBRYD 20 mg and 40 mg demonstrated superiority over placebo as measured by improvement in CGI-S score. 

SD = standard deviation; SE = standard error; LS Mean = least-square mean; CI = confidence interval

a based on patients who took study medication and had baseline and postbaseline MADRS assessments   
b difference (drug minus placebo) in least-square mean change from baseline to endpoint  
* All VIIBRYD treatment dose groups remained statistically significant compared with placebo after adjusting for multiplicity

Baseline demographics information were generally similar across all treatment groups. Examination of population subgroups based on age (there were few patients over 65), gender and race did not reveal any clear evidence of differential responsiveness.
1512823 Waving hair L'OREAL 9 June 1975 [10 June 1974] 24715/75 Heading A4V A process for waving hair comprises supporting a lock of hair in a desired configuration, applying super-heated steam to the hair for a period of up to 60 seconds and cooling the hair to ambient temperature, for example by means of a stream of air at ambient temperature, before releasing it. Fig. 1 shows a device in which super-heated steam produced in a vaporizing element 6 into which liquid is pumped from a reservoir 9, is injected through a perforated injector needle 7 into the centre of a curler or wave-setting roller. The vaporizing element comprises a metal body with electrical resistance heaters and a chamber (18), Fig. 3 (not shown) filled with metal shot. In a modification, Figs. 4 to 6 (not shown), the injector needle 7 is surrounded by a protective sleeve (30) which is mounted to slide telescopically against the action of a return spring (31) and which has an enlarged head (34) which is pushed back to expose the steam discharge orifices (8) when the device is inserted into a curler. In each case a fan provides a circulation of cold air through the apparatus to protect the scalp and to cool the hair; in Fig. 1 the air is discharged around the needle while in Fig. 6 (not shown) a slot (29) distributes a flat curtain of cold air. In Fig. 7 (not shown) the super-heated steam escapes through a porous mass (7a) instead of through a needle. In order to protect the scalp, the curlers are advantageously provided with means for spacing a lock of hair wound on the curler from the scalp. Figs. 10 to 16 (not shown) depict suitable such curlers. Fig. 8 shows a curling tongs in which a fan 4 passes a stream of air inside the body of the apparatus and steam is produced in a vaporizing element 45 consisting of a porous body, a resistance heater 21 and a vaporizing chamber 46. The liquid to be vaporized is contained under pressure in a cartridge 44 and when a pushbutton 43 is pressed, a valve 53 opens so that gas under pressure expels liquid into the chamber 46 where it is converted to superheated steam. Fig. 18 (not shown) depicts another type of curling tongs. Other embodiments of apparatus for injecting super-heated steam into curlers are illustrated in Figs. 17, 19 and 20 (not shown). In these embodiments, the liquid reservoir is made of a flexible material and can be disposable.
PURPOSE: An inhibitor to protein or gene of Cryptococcus neoformans is provided to use as a complex therapeutic agent which enhances fungus-killing effect. CONSTITUTION: An antifungal pharmaceutical composition contains SSK1, TCO2, SSK2, PBS2, or HOG1 of Cryptococcus neoformans. The pharmaceutical composition is gradually or simultaneously administered with ergosterol-binding angifungal agent. The ergosterol antifungal agent is a polyene antifungal agent. The polyene antifungal agent is natamycin, rimocidin, filipin, or nystatin. An antifungal complex formulation contains the antifungal pharmaceutical composition and ergosterol-binding antifungal agent.
OBJECTIVES: I. Compare relapse free and overall survival after radiation therapy with or without the sequential use of chemotherapy in patients with node positive stage IB or IIA cervical cancer. II. Compare the toxic effects of these two treatments in this patient population. III. Study the effect of the addition of chemotherapy on the pattern of relapse in these patients.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to institution, stage, site of lymph node involvement, parametrial invasion, resection margin status, diameter of the primary lesion, and preoperative brachtherapy. Patients are assigned to one of two treatment arms and begin therapy within 6 weeks of surgery. Arm I: Patients receive radiation therapy to the pelvis with or without brachytherapy and/or para-aortic irradiation for 4-5 weeks. Arm II: Patients receive radiation therapy as in arm I plus 1 of 5 different cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy regimens. The patients preferably receive chemotherapy before radiation therapy, unless doubtful or positive margins are present, then radiation therapy is given first. Regimen I: Cisplatin and fluorouracil are administered on days 1 and 2 of a 21 day cycle. Patients receive 4 cycles of therapy. Regimen II: Bleomycin is administered on day 1 and cisplatin and ifosfamide are administered on day 2 of a 21 day cycle. Patients receive 4 cycles of therapy. The regimen may also be given without bleomycin. Regimen III: Patients receive vindesine on days 1 and 8, cisplatin on day 1, bleomycin on days 2-4, and mitomycin on day 5 (cycles 1 and 3 only). Each cycle lasts 21 days and patients receive 4 cycles of therapy. Regimen IV: Cisplatin and vinblastine are administered on day 1 and bleomycin is administered on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 21 day cycle. Each patient receives 4 cycles of therapy. Regimen V: Patients receive cisplatin and methotrexate on day 1 of each 14 day cycle. Patients receive 6 cycles of therapy. Patients are followed every 3 months for the first 2 years, every 6 months for the next 3 years, then annually for the next 5 years.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: Approximately 700 patients will be accrued for this study within 4 years.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To visuallize tissue or blood containing contrasting agent by generating ultrasonic continuous image of tissue where vasis run, calculating a correlation value on the parameter of continuous image. identifying the region where the correlation value changes over a specified level, and performing display of the region. SOLUTION: 2ml of contrast agent of micro particle form containing gas is injected to e.g. a dog intravascularly. A converter is placed above the position of kidney and an ultrasonic scanner is actuated at the frequency of 5MHz. The effect of contrast is recorded after the delay of 30sec. and B-mode image is recorded at the interval of 0.5sec. Image processing is made by analog-digital conversion and calculation is performed by use of the value 5 of parameter. For indicating perfusion a value lower than 0.7 is used as a correlation value. Accordingly the part of kidney having perfusion is identified early as a clear part in the region of skin while late in the region of medulla.
PURPOSE:To obtain low-MW water-soluble chitosan useful for, e.g., drugs easily in good yields, by soaking chitosan in an aqueous solution of a nitrite, acidifying the reaction system by the addition of an acidic substance and effecting a MW reduction of the chitosan. CONSTITUTION:Chitosan is produced by, for example, a method comprising deacetylating chitin obtained by deashing and deproteinizing the shells of crabs. The obtained chitosan is soaked in an aqueous solution of a nitrile (e.g., sodium nitrite) to impregnate the porous chitosan uniformly with the nitrite. The pH of the reaction system is adjusted to 5 or below by the addition of an acidic substance (e.g., acetic acid or hydrochloric acid), and the whole system is agitated to effect a MW reduction of the chitosan. It is desirable that a nitrite is further added to the reaction system after the acidic substance has been added to it. After the reaction, the reaction mixture solution is neutralized to obtain the purpose water-soluble chitosan of a decreased MW.
General: To prevent the possibility of staining clothing or bed linen, it may be advisable to use protective dressings. To prevent discoloration of tub/shower, always rinse the tub/shower with lukewarm water immediately after washing/showering and then use a suitable cleanser to remove any deposit on the surface of the tub or shower. Contact with fabrics, plastics and other materials may cause staining and should be avoided. Always wash hands thoroughly after use. Keep container tightly capped when not in use. Avoid excessive heat. For external use only. Keep out of the reach of children.

Carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, impairment of fertility: Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of the drug. Although anthralin has been found to have tumor-promoting properties on mouse skin, there have been no reports to suggest carcinogenic effects in humans after many years of clinical use.

Pregnancy   
Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category C   
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Zithranol-RR cream. It is also not known whether Zithranol-RR cream can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Zithranol-RR cream should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed. 

Nursing mothers: It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in milk and because of the potential for tumorigenicity shown for anthralin in animal studies, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. 

Pediatric use: Safety and effectiveness in children have not been established.
FIELD: pharmaceuticals.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of pharmaceuticals and can be used for treatment of a subject suffering from a gastrointestinal disease or disorder. For this purpose, a semi-solid composition is proposed, containing at least one cadotril in an amount of 5% wt./ wt. to 50% wt./wt. and at least one excipient in form of a liquid lipid and/or propylene glycol in an amount from 20% wt./wt. to 90% wt./wt., wherein at least one cadotril crystallises forming small crystals and the excipient in form of a liquid lipid constitutes at least one medium chain triglyceride or at least an oil containing medium chain triglycerides or mixtures thereof. The semi-solid composition therein is in form of a tablet or capsule, is capable of supporting its own weight and retaining the shape, and is also capable to flow under pressure. The group of inventions also relates to a dosage unit containing said semi-solid composition, to an application of the composition for treatment of a subject suffering from a gastrointestinal disease or disorder, and to a method for treatment using the dosage unit.EFFECT: group of inventions provides improved characteristics of absorption efficiency, bioavailability and/or controlled release such as extended or delayed release.14 cl, 5 dwg, 6 tbl, 5 ex
BACKGROUND: Proximal gastric cancer has been on the rise worldwide in recent years. A positive surgical margin may result in incomplete tumor and affect the prognosis of patients. This study aims to analyse the risk factors for and prognosis associated with microscopic positive esophageal margins (R1 resection) after radical surgery for proximal gastric cancer patients.
METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of 316 patients with proximal gastric cancer who underwent surgical resection at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Hengshui People's Hospital from January 2013 to June 2018. Patients were divided into the R1 group (n = 24) and R0 group (n = 292) according to the esophageal margin status. Differences in clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis between the two groups were compared.
RESULTS: Tumor location at the esophagogastric junction, Borrmann type 3/4, Lauren diffuse/mixed type, margin distance < 3 cm, pT4 stage, and vascular invasion were identified as independent risk factors for positive esophageal margins in proximal gastric cancer patients (all P < 0.05). The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly lower in the R1 group than in the R0 group (45.8% vs. 64.2%, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that the 5-year overall survival rate was significantly lower in the R1 group in the pT2-3 and pN0 stages (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the pT4 and pN(+) stages (P > 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Borrmann type, Lauren type, pT stage, pN stage, and lymphovascular invasion were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with proximal gastric cancer (all P < 0.05), while esophageal margin status was not an independent risk factor affecting prognosis (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Positive esophageal margins in proximal gastric cancer are associated with various clinicopathological factors and lead to a worse prognosis in patients with pT2-3 and pN0 stages but do not affect the prognosis of patients with pT4 and pN(+) stages.