anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The invention discloses whole ganoderma lucidum anti-tumor soft capsules and a preparation process thereof. The health food is prepared from ganoderma lucidum spore oil, a ganoderma lucidum extractive, a ganoderma sinensis extractive, a degreased spore powder extractive, a suspending agent and capsule shells. The ganoderma lucidum anti-tumor soft capsules comprises the following contents: 70%-80% of ganoderma lucidum spore oil, 10%-15% of ganoderma lucidum extractive, 5%-10% of ganoderma sinensis extractive, 5%-10% of degreased spore powder extractive and 5% of the suspending agent. Detection results show that the content of the index component polysaccharide is not less than 5%, and the content of the ganoderic acid A is not less than 30 mg/100g. According to the product, essence of whole ganoderma lucidum is concentrated, recycling of degreased spore powder is realized, and multiple ganoderma lucidum bioactive substances are integrated and animal experiment results show that the ganoderma lucidum anti-tumor soft capsules have the efficacy of resisting tumors and improving immunity of the organism. The prepared soft capsules are convenient to carry and are suitable for being taken by tumor patients.
Systems and methods for delivering release materials, for example drugs and other bioactive materials. Crystalline polymeric systems, referred to as CYC carriers, are associated with the release materials, through chemical bonding or through physical association. The crystallinity of the CYC carriers results from the presence of crystallizable side chains, for example long chain n-alkyl moieties, which results in relatively low and sharp melting temperatures. One class of CYC carriers, referred to as CYSC  polymers, have a majority of the crystallizable side chains pendant from the polymer backbone. Another class of CYC carriers, referred to as ECC polymers, have a majority of the crystallizable side chains attached to terminal units of the polymer backbone.  The ECC polymers can for example be obtained by modification of PLGA polymers.  The CYC carriers in another class of non-polymeric. Some CYC carriers, referred to as CYC assemblies, have enhanced crystallinity as a result of the physical association of crystallizable moieties which are present in different types of molecule, for example between a polymer containing crystallizable moieties and a monomer containing crystallizable moieties. For some uses, particularly the delivery of drugs, a bioerodable CYC  carrier is preferably used.
INTRODUCTION: Short stature is one of the main reasons for consultation in outpatient clinics and paediatric endocrinology departments and is defined as height below the 3rd centile or less than -2 standard deviations (SDs).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study's overarching aim was to analyse the PAPP-A2 gene at mutation sites described to date and at exons 3, 4, and 5, which encode the fragment of the catalytic domain with the active site of the pregnancy-associated plasma protein A2 (PAPP-A2) protein. The secondary aims of the study were clinical and auxological analysis of a group of patients with idiopathic short stature and biochemical analysis of growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF-1) axis parameters not assessed as part of the routine diagnosis of short stature, such as free IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5), and acid-labile subunit (ALS) levels. Molecular analysis of the PAPP-A2 gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Biochemical analysis of free IGF-1, IGFBP-5, and ALS was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS: The mean height standard deviation score (HSDS) in the study group was -2.95. None of the patients exhibited previously described mutations in the PAPP-A2 gene or mutations in exons 3, 4, and 5 encoding the fragment of catalytic domain with the active site of the PAPP-A2 protein. In 4 patients, the known, non-pathogenic, heterozygotic polymorphism c.2328C>T(rs10913241) in exon 5 was found.
CONCLUSIONS: Free IGF-1 levels correlate better with height and HSDS than total IGF-1 levels. The previously described mutations in the PAPP-A2 gene and mutations in exons 3, 4, and 5 encoding the fragment of catalytic domain with the active site of the PAPP-A2 protein were not detected; only the known and non-pathogenic, heterozygotic polymorphism c.2328C>T(rs10913241) in exon 5 of the PAPP-A2 gene was observed.
The 72 children participating in the study will be randomly assigned (with concealment of the randomization sequence from study staff) to one of two Child Speech Interventions: Speech Perception or Speech Production. These interventions will be provided in individualized one-hour treatment sessions once per week for six consecutive weeks during the first treatment block. During the second 6 week treatment block all children will receive a group phonological awareness intervention. Concurrently their parents will be randomly assigned to receive instruction in the provision of a home program, either Articulation Therapy or Dialogic Reading. This will result in 4 groups of 18 children with each group receiving one of four combinations of intervention: Speech Production Intervention + Articulation Parent Group; Speech Production Intervention + Dialogic Reading Parent Group; Speech Perception Intervention + Articulation Parent Group; and Speech Perception Intervention + Dialogic Reading Parent Group. Assessments will occur pretreatment, after the first treatment block, after the second treatment block, and 9 months after the end of the second treatment block.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a diet agent comprising a milt extract, chitosan and ascorbic acid. SOLUTION: This diet agent contains a milt extract, chitosan, and ascorbic acid in a weight ratio of 10:(1-40):(1-20) as active ingredients in the form of tablets, granules, capsules or suspensions or in the form of a food such as a solid food or a liquid food. The milt extract is obtained e.g. by removing water from the spermary of a fish such as mackerel, herring or codfish and subsequently purifying the dry product. The chitosan is usually used in the form of a free acid but may be used in the form of its hydrochloride. The ascorbic acid may be used in the form of its calcium salt, sodium salt, etc., but usually used in the form of free ascorbic acid. The mixture exhibits an excellent diet effect, but may be used as a mixture with a health food such as a fiber food or a mineral food.
PURPOSE:Rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive plaster obtained by blending plaster consisting of rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive with a caricaceous fruit and/or its emulsion, and protein, existing stably without causing decomposition of drug even after long-term preservation. CONSTITUTION:Rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive plaster obtained by blending plaster consisting of a rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive with a caricaceous fruit (unripe fruit of papaya) and/or its emulsion, and protein (e.g., albumin, gelatin, or keratin). Powder used is preferably obtained by drying emulsion oozed out from a cut end on an unripe fruit of papaya at low temperature <=50 deg.C. It and protein are treated at 6-7pH at 30-40 deg.C for 1-2hr to give a filtrate, which is dried and used. The plaster is especially effective when a drug such as a phenolic hydroxyl group-containing compound, an amine compound, etc. having extreme reduction in content is pharmaceutically manufactured.
BACKGROUND: The elevated metastasis rate of uveal melanoma (UM) is intricately correlated with patient prognosis, significantly affecting the quality of life. S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) has tumorigenic properties; therefore, the present study investigated the impact of S100A4 on UM cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion using bioinformatics and in vitro experiments.
METHODS: Bioinformatic analysis was used to screen S100A4 as a hub gene and predict its possible mechanism in UM cells, and the S100A4 silencing cell line was constructed. The impact of S100A4 silencing on the proliferative ability of UM cells was detected using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays. Annexin V-FITC/PI double fluorescence and Hoechst 33342 staining were used to observe the effects of apoptosis on UM cells. The effect of S100A4 silencing on the migratory and invasive capabilities of UM cells was assessed using wound healing and Transwell assays. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of related proteins.
RESULTS: The present study found that S100A4 is a biomarker of UM, and its high expression is related to poor prognosis. After constructing the S100A4 silencing cell line, cell viability, clone number, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, and survivin expression were decreased in UM cells. The cell apoptosis rate and relative fluorescence intensity increased, accompanied by increased levels of Bax and caspase-3 and decreased levels of Bcl-2. Additionally, a decrease in the cell migration index and relative invasion rate was observed with increased E-cadherin expression and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin protein expression.
CONCLUSION: S100A4 silencing can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion and synchronously induces apoptosis in UM cells.
The need for hospitalization is an important marker of poor prognosis in patients with heart failure. It is estimated that 25% of patients presenting with acute heart failure are readmitted within 30 days. The maintenance of signs and symptoms of congestion at hospital discharge are common causes of hospital readmission. Thus, the reduction of these signs is a goal to be reached during hospitalization so that the chances of readmission are reduced. However, there is evidence that approximately ¼ of the patients are released despite persisting signs of congestive symptoms. It seems plausible to speculate that patients with HF at higher risk of rehospitalization would be those with the greatest chance of benefiting from therapeutic strategies that seek to reduce the congestive state, such as fluid restriction. In this scenario of initial vulnerability after hospitalization for acutely decompensated HF, recent studies have demonstrated a correlation in the number of B lines in the pulmonary ultrasound of patients at the time of hospital discharge and the prediction of frequent clinical outcomes. It was observed that the presence of pattern B, defined as the presence of more than 3 B lines in at least 2 pulmonary fields bilaterally, was associated with a worse prognosis (mortality from all causes and hospitalization due to decompensation). The present study, therefore, will evaluate the effect of outpatient fluid restriction on levels of NT-proBNP in patients who remain with signs of congestion based on pulmonary ultrasound at the bedside during hospital discharge.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a well-established treatment modality for gastric neoplasms. We aimed to investigate the effect of procedural volume on the outcome of ESD for gastric cancer or adenoma.
METHODS: In this population-based cohort study, patients who underwent ESD for gastric cancer or adenoma from November 2011 to December 2017 were identified using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Operational definitions to identify the target population and post-procedural complications were created using diagnosis and procedure codes and were validated using hospital medical record data. Outcomes included hemorrhage, perforation, pneumonia, 30-day mortality, a composite outcome comprising all of these adverse outcomes, and additional resection. Hospital volume was categorized into 3 groups based on the results of the threshold analysis: high-, medium-, low-volume centers (HVCs, MVCs, and LVCs, respectively). Inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis was applied to enhance comparability across the volume groups.
RESULTS: There were 94,246 procedures performed in 88,687 patients during the study period. There were 5886 composite events including 4925 hemorrhage, 447 perforation, and 703 pneumonia cases. There were significant differences in ESD-related adverse outcomes among the 3 hospital volume categories, showing that HVCs and MVCs were associated with a lower risk of a composite outcome than LVCs (inverse probability of treatment-weighted odds ratio [OR], 0.651; 95% CI, 0.521-0.814; inverse probability of treatment-weighted OR, 0.641; 95% CI, 0.534-0.769). Similar tendencies were also shown for hemorrhage, perforation, and pneumonia; however, these were not evident for additional resection.
CONCLUSIONS: Procedural volume was closely associated with clinical outcome in patients undergoing ESD for gastric cancer or adenoma.
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) may recur after liver transplantation (LT). The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for recurrent autoimmune hepatitis (rAIH). A multicenter retrospective French nationwide study, including all patients aged ≥16 transplanted for AIH, with at least 1 liver biopsy 1 year after LT, was conducted between 1985 and 2018. Risk factors for rAIH were identified using a multivariate Cox regression model. Three hundred and forty-four patients were included (78.8% women) with a median age at LT of 43.6 years. Seventy-six patients (22.1%) developed recurrence in a median time of 53.6 months (IQR, 14.1-93.2). Actuarial risk for developing rAIH was 41.3% 20 years after LT. In multivariate analysis, the strongest risk factor for rAIH was cytomegalovirus D+/R- mismatch status (HR=2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.6; p =0.03), followed by associated autoimmune condition. Twenty-one patients (27.6% of rAIH patients) developed liver graft cirrhosis after rAIH. Independent risk factors for these severe forms of rAIH were young age at LT, IgG levels >20.7 g/L, and LT in the context of (sub)fulminant hepatitis. Immunosuppression, especially long-term maintenance of corticosteroid therapy, was not significantly associated with rAIH. Recurrence of AIH after LT is frequent and may lead to graft loss. Recurrence is more frequent in young patients with active disease at the time of LT, yet systematic corticosteroid therapy does not prevent it.
LHWs conducted phone interventions by reminding participants of a series of vaccinations at months 1, 2, and 5 among those assigned to the intervention group. Those who had health insurance were encouraged to complete vaccinations through their providers. If participants did not have health insurance, LHWs provided resources to help those in the intervention access vaccinations by referring them to free vaccine events in the community.
After determining eligibility for study participation, 4 sequential cohorts of subjects will receive escalating doses of CPP (Test) or 1 unit of LSP (Control) randomized 6:1 within each cohort. Each sequential cohort will receive the following transfusions starting with the first cohort: 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 units of CPP with an additional single subject in each cohort who will receive 1 unit of LSP for a total of 28 subjects. Assignment to Test and Control platelets for subjects in each cohort will be centrally randomized using an interactive web response system (IWRS). Following the study transfusion, subjects are followed for evidence of transfusion reactions, thrombotic events, other AEs, coagulation-related parameters, and platelet efficacy endpoints. CPP or LSP will be transfused into a patient according to the randomized product and dose assignment within the cohort. Following the transfusion, subjects are followed for the remainder of Study Day 1 and on Study Day 2 for AEs and tested for coagulation markers including fibrinogen, D-dimer, prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 (F 1+2), thrombin antithrombin (TAT), anti-thrombin (AT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin generation testing (TGT) results, thromboelastography (TEG) results, and other potential complications of platelet transfusion such as transfusion reactions and thrombotic events including assessment of vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, and pulse oximetry). A subject is considered to have completed the study for safety evaluation for dose escalation, if he/she receives a study infusion and completed study-related Day 3 procedures.
Subjects will be dosed with 41Calcium , a long-lived radio isotope, which will become deposited in the skeleton after about 100 days. During this time subjects will collect 24 h urine monthly to monitor the decrease in 41Calcium urinary excretion. Subsequently, the baseline level of 41Calcium urinary excretion will be evaluated over a 50 day baseline period with 24 h urine collections every 10 days. Participants will then be randomized to one of three doses of soluble corn fiber (0,10,20 g/d) to be consumed in two equivalent doses per day for 50 days. Women will collect 24 h urine every 10 days. Each 50 day period will be followed by a 50 day washout period during which the subjects will continue to collect urine every 10 days.
This invention provides novel substrate compounds that selectively inhibit the proliferation of pathological cells, for example, pathological cells that endogenously overexpress a target enzyme that confers resistance to biologic and chemotherapeutic agents. The enzyme acts on a substrate compound to 1) convert it to a cellular toxin and/or 2) release a toxic byproduct. In one embodiment, the activity of the target enzyme has been greatly enhanced in a target cell as a result of loss of tumor suppressor function and/or selection resulting from previous exposure to chemotherapy. In another embodiment, the pathological cell contains a target enzyme that is an expression product of an infectious agent in the cell. Further provided by this invention is a method for treating a subject by delivering to the subject a prodrug as described herein.  The prodrugs of this invention may be used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutics or alternative anti-cancer therapies such as radiation.
The Control diet will be compatible with both the American Diabetes Association and The United States Department of Agriculture guidelines. Participants will be given low-fat foods, whole-grain foods, fruits, and vegetables. The meal plans will minimize cholesterol, high-fat foods, high-cholesterol foods, processed starches, and added sugar, and will provide \<2300 mg/day sodium. Saturated fat will be limited to less than 10% of total energy, and all dairy products will be fat-free (or low-fat). Although the Control diet will be a healthful diet, it will include a greater amount of carbohydrate foods from such sources as bread, potatoes, and pasta that will distinguish it qualitatively from the LG diet. In addition, it will have quantitatively more total energy from carbohydrate than the LG diet.
The patients assigned to this group will undergo 20 sessions (1 hour a day, 5 days a week for 4 consecutive weeks) of "multidomain" rehabilitation (motor, speech and/or cognitive). It is not possible a priori to precisely define the instruments that will be used during rehabilitation management. The telerehabilitation or conventional treatment methods (type of therapeutic exercise, modality of cognitive stimulation and/or taking care of speech therapy) will be determined for each patient on the basis of the needs emerging from the physiatric examination performed at T0, defined according to the Individual Rehabilitation Project and applied according to each Rehabilitation Program (motor, cognitive and/or speech therapy) periodically updated.
The human hepatic cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of a growing list of clinically important drugs, environmental chemicals (e.g. toxicants and carcinogens) and endogenous substances. The expression and activity of this enzyme varies widely among individuals, probably due to genetic polymorphisms in the CYP2B6 gene and drug interactions. This variability, in turn, likely contributes to variable response to those drugs primarily metabolized by CYP2B6. In deed, several drugs that are substrates of CYP2B6 exhibit large pharmacokinetic differences among individuals and their use is associated with unpredictable drug interactions. Therefore, identifying mechanisms and factors that might influence CYP2B6 activity is important to the safe and effective use of its substrates. An important characteristic of several clinically important CYP2B6 substrate drugs that include efavirenz, nevirapine, cyclophosphamide, artemisinin and ifosfamide is their ability to enhance their own clearance upon repeated dosing, a process known as autoinduction of metabolism. Drugs that autoinduce metabolism also exhibit multiple interactions with drug metabolizing enzymes other than CYP2B6 (e.g. CYP3A, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19), and drug transporters (e.g. p-glycoprotein). As most of these medications are used in combination with other drugs, their potential to alter the pharmacokinetics of co-administered drugs is very high. We hypothesize that CYP2B6 genetic variants that influence constitutive CYP2B6 expression and activity contribute to interindividual variability in steady-state exposure of the autoinducer drugs and in the drug interactions that ensue. We will determine the impact of CYP2B6 genetic variants, typically the CYP2B6\*6 allele, on the time-course and extent of autoinduction of metabolism and the consequences of differential autoinduction on drug interactions, using efavirenz (a known CYP2B6 substrate and an autoinducer) as a model drug. Thus, single (600 mg oral dose) and steady-state (600 mg/day) pharmacokinetics of efavirenz will be assessed in healthy subjects genotyped for the CYP2B6\*6 allele. Trough concentrations of efavirenz and its metabolites will be collected during the course of efavirenz treatment. Efavirenz exposure will be compared between the genotypes after autoinduction. An autoinduction pharmacokinetic model will be developed to characterize the dynamics and time courses of autoinduction in the different genotypes. The potential impact of differences in efavirenz exposure on drug interactions will be determined by measuring the in vivo activity of selected CYP enzymes, using isoform specific substrate probes \[omeprazole (CYP2C19), tolbutamide (CYP2C9), caffeine (CYP1A2) and midazolam (CYP3A)\] at single and after multiple (steady-state) dosing with efavirenz.