anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
This narrative review focuses on the clinical use and relevance of cerebral oxygenation measured by NIRS during fetal to neonatal transition. Cerebral NIRS(cNIRS) offers the possibility of non-invasive, continuous, and objective brain monitoring in addition to the recommended routine monitoring. During the last decade, with growing interest in early and sensitive brain monitoring, many research groups worldwide have been working with cNIRS and verified the feasibility of cNIRS monitoring immediately after birth. Cerebral hypoxia during fetal to neonatal transition, defined as cerebral oxygenation values below10th percentile, seems to have an impact on neurological outcomes. Feasibility to guide clinical support using cNIRS to reduce the burden of cerebral hypoxia has been shown. It is well known that in some cases cerebral oxygenation follows different patterns than SpO2. Cerebral oxygenation does not only depend on systemic oxygenation, hemoglobin content and cerebral blood flow, but also on cardiocirculatory condition, ventilation, and metabolic parameters. Hence, measurement of cerebral oxygenation may uncover problems not detectable by standard monitoring. Therefore, applying NIRS can provide caregivers a more complete clinical overview, especially in critically ill neonates. In this review, we aim to describe the additional information which can be provided by cNIRS during fetal to neonatal transition. IMPACT: This narrative review focuses on the clinical use and relevance of cerebral oxygenation measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during fetal to neonatal transition. During the last decade, interest on brain monitoring is growing continuously as the measurement of cerebral oxygenation may uncover problems which are not detectable by routine monitoring. Therefore, it will be crucial to have additional information to get a complete overview, especially in critically ill neonates in need of medical and respiratory support. In this review, we offer additional information which can be provided by cerebral NIRS during fetal to neonatal transition.
The tele-education group will receive the same intervention as the comparison group with an educational reinforcement mediated by teledentistry. This intervention consists of 4 educational videos, designed for the elderly, promoting correct toothbrushing and flossing, detection, and prevention of dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer. These four videos were sent via WhatsApp.
The current goal of treatment for people with acromegaly is normalization of both growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like-growth-factor-1 (IGF-1) levels. Normalization of GH and IGF-1 levels attenuates the morbidity (hypertension, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, increased cancer risk, arthritis) and increased mortality associated with persistent GH and IGF-1 elevation. The optimal approach to achieving these goals in patients with pituitary macroadenomas remains controversial. Available treatment modalities include transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, medical therapy (somatostatin analogues and/or dopaminergic agonists), radiotherapy, or a combination or these interventions. No randomized trials have been conducted to investigate whether surgical debulking of pituitary macroadenomas enhances the efficacy of medical therapy. This study is designed to rigorously investigate whether surgical debulking increases the efficacy of a long-acting depot somatostatin preparation, Sandostatin LAR, so that evidence-based optimal care may be offered to patients with acromegaly.
Provided herein are fused imidazolyl compounds, methods of synthesis, and methods of use thereof. The compounds provided herein are useful for the treatment, prevention, and/or management of various disorders, including,  e.g. , neurological disorders and metabolic disorders. Compounds provided herein inhibit the activity of histamine H3 receptors and modulate the release of various neurotransmitters, such as,  e.g. , histamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and dopamine ( e.g.  at the synapse). Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and their methods of use are also provided herein.
BACKGROUND: Statin use has been studied and confirmed to have a beneficial impact on perioperative carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) outcomes. The benefits of Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) in hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and renal disease are well-known; however, the impact of continuing or withholding ACE-Is/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on CEA and CAS outcomes is not addressed well in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of preoperative statin use combined with ACE-Is/ARBs in patients undergoing CEA or CAS on mortality and morbidity using a multi-institutional database.
METHODS: Using the data of all patients who underwent carotid artery revascularization, including CEA, transcarotid artery revascularization, and transfemoral carotid artery stenting from 2016 to 2021 in the Vascular Quality Initiative data, we determined as our primary outcome 30-day mortality/stroke after carotid revascularization based on periop exposure to statins alone, or the combination of statins and ACE-Is/ARBs. Secondary outcomes were postop myocardial infarction and postop congestive heart failure. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to determine postop outcomes comparing the combination of statin and ACE-Is/ARBs group with statins alone group.
RESULTS: A total of 131,285 patients were included in the study, with 59,860 (46%) patients receiving statin only, and 71,425 (54%) receiving both statin and ACE-Is/ARBs preoperatively. Both patient groups differed significantly in preop clinical and demographic characteristics. After adjusting for potential confounders, the statins plus ACE-I/ARB group had a 12% lower risk of postop mortality/stroke (Incident Rate Ratio comparing Statin/ACE group to Statins Only group [IRR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.81-0.95, P = 0.001), 18% lower risk of postop congestive heart failure (IRR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68-0.98, P = 0.029), and similar risk of postop myocardial infarction (IRR 1.05 95% confidence interval 0.91-1.20, P = 0.54) compared to the statin-only group.
CONCLUSION: Statins combined with ACE-Is/ARBs perioperatively offer better protection compared to statins alone in patients undergoing carotid revascularization surgery. We recommend the continuation of ACE-Is/ARBs use in patients undergoing carotid revascularization, especially if they have concurrent hypertension. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the benefit of adding ACE-Is/ARBs.
PURPOSE:To prepare highly reactive resin particles even at a low temp. in an aq. medium by causing resin particles having a specific particle diameter to carry a specified cyclocarbonate group. CONSTITUTION:Reactive resin particles, having a mean particle diameter of 0.01-100mum and carrying a cyclocarbonate group of formula 1 (wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each H or 1-4C alkyl), are obtd., e.g. by the emulsion or suspension polymn. of an alpha,beta-ethylenically unsatd. monomer contg. said cyclocarbonate group. The reactive resin particles can be crosslinked with, e.g. a monomer having at least two radical-polymerizable ethylenically unsatd. groups by a known method.
PURPOSE: To extract malodorous compounds present in a liq. formulation contg. a compd. carrying a thiol functional group by bringing the formulation into contact with an aq. soln. contg. thioglycolic acid for a specified period and thereafter using an absorbing agent contg. more than a specified amount of thioglycolic acid in the aq. soln. CONSTITUTION: When suspended in an aq. soln. contg. 92 g/l of thioglycolic acid, an absorbing agent contg. at least 30 wt.% of the initial thioglycolic acid is used after contact for 15 minutes. The absorbing agent carries a thiol functional group of the formula HS-A-Y-B (wherein Y is COO or NH, A represents a divalent group (CH2 )n or a divalent group of formula I when Y is COO, A represents CH2 -CH2 or formula III when Y is NH, B represents H or formula II, and further B represents CO-R" when A is CH2 -CH2 ). Thus, malodorous compounds present in a liq. formulation contg. a compd. carrying a thiol functional group are extracted and deodorized.
Tennessee ranks 4th for the highest prevalence of adult obesity in the nation (30.2%), and ranks 5th for the highest rate of youth obesity (36.5%). The Division of General Pediatrics at Vanderbilt has a specific research focus to develop community engagement projects that measurably reduce childhood obesity. Metro Parks and Recreation has been showcased by the National Recreation and Parks Association (NRPA) as a national model for its leadership role in community health and wellness. The two have created a unique academic-community partnership, guided by principals of community-based participatory research (CBPR), that is working to test and disseminate effective Metro Parks-based programs to reduce pediatric obesity. The proposed study will examine the impact of the Coleman Community Center after-school program on routine physical activity, weight and fitness outcomes in children who belong to the low-income and racial and ethnic minority populations at highest risk for childhood obesity. This study was requested by Metro Parks and has significant policy implications: If the program is deemed effective in improving daily physical activity, weight and/or fitness outcomes in students, the proposed study will serve as the rationale to expand the program to Metro Parks' 22 community centers, all of which are located in under-resourced neighborhoods.
BACKGROUND: Postoperative delayed bleeding of gastric cancer is a complication of radical gastrectomy with low incidence rate and high mortality.
CASE PRESENTATION: This case report presents the case of a 63-year-old female patient of Mongolian ethnicity who was diagnosed with gastric malignancy during a routine medical examination and underwent Billroth's I gastric resection in our department. However, on the 24th day after the surgery, she was readmitted due to sudden onset of hematemesis. Gastroscopy, abdominal CT, and digital subtraction angiography revealed postoperative anastomotic fistula, rupture of the duodenal artery, and bleeding from the abdominal aorta. The patient underwent three surgical interventions and two arterial embolizations. The patient's condition stabilized, and she was discharged successfully.
CONCLUSION: Currently, there are no specific guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pseudoaneurysms in the abdominal cavity resulting from gastric cancer surgery. Early digital subtraction angiography examination should be performed to assist in formulating treatment plans. Early diagnosis and treatment contribute to an improved overall success rate of rescue interventions.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is two-fold: (1) To examine the mechanisms by which statins may protect from anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and (2) To provide a comprehensive overview of the existing clinical literature investigating the role of statins for the primary prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
RECENT FINDINGS: The underlying cardioprotective mechanisms associated with statins have not been fully elucidated. Key mechanisms related to the inhibition of Ras homologous (Rho) GTPases have been proposed. Data from observational studies has supported the beneficial role of statins for the primary prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Recently, several randomized controlled trials investigating the role of statins for the primary prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity have produced contrasting results. Statins have been associated with a lower risk of cardiac dysfunction in cancer patients receiving anthracyclines. Further investigation with larger randomized control trials and longer follow-up periods are needed to better evaluate the long-term role of statin therapy and identify the subgroups who benefit most from statin therapy.
Dishcook is a new cooking system that allows individual cooking using a dedicated induction heater. This study investigated whether Dishcook use affects the nutritional value of individuals with intellectual disabilities. This study was conducted on users receiving support from a continuous-employment office in Obama City, Fukui Prefecture, in 2022. Of these participants, 18 (seven women and 11 men) who requested the use of the Dishcook were included in the analysis. The study period was from January to August 2023. The mean age was 48.72±16.24 y. A significant increase in the overall phase angles of the limbs was observed. Triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, HbA1c, and serum zinc levels improved in patients who used the Dishcook. The phase angle obtained using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis also improved, indicating the usefulness of the Dishcook in treating metabolic diseases and the possibility of individualized nutritional management.
Yaws is an endemic disease caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue (TPE) that primarily affects children in rural regions of the tropics. The endemic character of yaws infections and the expected exclusive reservoir of TPE in humans opened a new opportunity to start a yaws eradication campaign. We have developed a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for TPE isolates combining the previously published (TP0548, TP0488) and new (TP0858) chromosomal loci, and we compared this typing scheme to the two previously published MLST schemes. We applied this scheme to TPE-containing clinical isolates obtained during a mass drug administration study performed in the Namatanai District of Papua New Guinea between June 2018 and December 2019. Of 1081 samples collected, 302 (28.5%) tested positive for TPE DNA, from which 255 (84.4%) were fully typed. The TPE PCR-positivity in swab samples was higher in younger patients, patients with single ulcers, first ulcer episodes, and with ulcer duration less than six months. Non-treponemal serological test positivity correlated better with PCR positivity compared to treponema-specific serological tests. The MLST revealed a low level of genetic diversity among infecting TPE isolates, represented by just three distinct genotypes (JE11, SE22, and TE13). Two previously used typing schemes revealed similar typing resolutions. Two new alleles (one in TP0858 and one in TP0136) were shown to arise by intragenomic recombination/deletion events. Compared to samples genotyped as JE11, the minor genotypes (TE13 and SE22) were more frequently detected in samples from patients with two or more ulcers and patients with higher values of specific TP serological tests. Moreover, the A2058G mutation in the 23S rRNA genes of three JE11 isolates was found, resulting in azithromycin resistance.
N= approx. 65 acutely admitted older medical patients with undernutrition or risk of undernutrition, and 35 without undernutrition or risk of undernutrition.
This project is a randomized controlled trial of an intervention to improve linkage to HIV and TB care for South Africans undergoing HIV testing. Subjects undergoing HIV testing will be enrolled at three sites in the greater Durban area. These sites comprise two hospital-affiliated outpatient departments and primary health clinics served by a mobile health van. Routine TB screening, regardless of signs or symptoms, will be offered to all HIV-infected participants. HIV-infected participants will be randomized to determine whether they will be assigned to a health system navigator or will receive the current standard of care in Durban. Block randomization will be stratified by site and gender, with blocks of varying length.

The health system navigator will help patients identify barriers to entering care and devise solutions, optimize use of available resources, and serve as a trusted social supporter who is knowledgeable about the health care system but remains outside of it. The health system navigator will help subjects engage the HIV and TB care system through face-to-face contact, telephone conversations, and short messaging service SMS text reminders which are free for patients to receive. These phone contacts and SMS will follow a standardized protocol. We will evaluate the efficacy of the intervention, as measured by increased rates of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and, for those with TB co-infection, TB treatment completion. We will also evaluate the cost and cost-effectiveness of this intervention.
Cardiac Electrophysiology

A randomized, partially-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-period crossover study was performed to assess the effects of a single 800-mg dose of vorinostat on the QTc interval in 24 patients with advanced cancer. This study was conducted to assess the impact of vorinostat on ventricular repolarization. The upper bound of the 90% confidence interval of the placebo-adjusted mean QTc interval change-from-baseline was less than 10 msec at every time point through 24 hours. Based on these study results, administration of a single supratherapeutic 800-mg dose of vorinostat does not appear to prolong the QTc interval in patients with advanced cancer; however the study did not include a positive control to demonstrate assay sensitivity. In the fasted state, oral administration of a single 800-mg dose of vorinostat resulted in a mean AUC and Cmax and median Tmax of 8.6±5.7 µM∙hr and 1.7±0.67 µM and 2.1 (0.5-6) hours, respectively.

In clinical studies in patients with CTCL, three of 86 CTCL patients exposed to 400 mg once daily had Grade 1 (>450-470 msec) or 2 (>470-500 msec or increase of >60 msec above baseline) clinical adverse reactions of QTc prolongation. In a retrospective analysis of three Phase 1 and two Phase 2 studies, 116 patients had a baseline and at least one follow-up ECG. Four patients had Grade 2 (>470-500 msec or increase of >60 msec above baseline) and 1 patient had Grade 3 (>500 msec) QTc prolongation. In 49 non-CTCL patients from 3 clinical trials who had complete evaluation of QT interval, 2 had QTc measurements of >500 msec and 1 had a QTc prolongation of >60 msec.
OBJECTIVE: Radium-223 (Ra-223) is an important treatment modality for bone-dominant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, there is currently a lack of effective markers to monitor treatment response during treatment. We aim to investigate the response in prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) as a potential marker for assessing Ra-223 treatment in mCRPC patients.
METHODS: We retrospectively collected data from mCRPC patients who underwent radium treatment at our institution between August 2020 and June 2023. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements prior to treatment and during treatment were collected. Baseline PSADT was calculated from PSA measurements prior to Ra-223 treatment; interim PSADT was calculated from PSA measurements before Ra-223 treatment and prior to the fourth course injection. Overall survival was calculated from the start of treatment to the date of death. Univariable and multivariable analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model were performed to examine the association of factors with overall survival.
RESULTS: We included 35 patients from our institution, with a median overall survival of 13.3 months. Eighteen (51.4%) completed all six courses of treatment. PSA dynamic response (interim PSADT > baseline PSADT or decreased PSA) was observed in 20 patients. Overall survival was associated with a PSA dynamic response (HR = 0.318, 95% CI 0.133-0.762, p = 0.010) when compared to patients without response.
CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic changes in PSADT were associated with survival in mCRPC patients receiving radium therapy. Comparing interim and baseline PSADT could serve as a valuable marker for determining treatment benefits.
Numerous studies have revealed that cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after myocardial Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after revascularization results in better clinical outcomes, and have been strongly recommended for patients with coronary artery disease. In China, as compared to the exponential increase of PCI (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) volume, only a very small amount of hospitals are able to develop CR programs. There is no large-scale study to explore the feasible CR pattern either. Home-based CR might be more favorable and practical for so many Chinese revascularized coronary artery disease (CAD) patients due to its feasibility and flexibility as well as low medical cost.

This trial was designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of CR program at home for Chinese patients who underwent PCI procedure. This is a multicenter, randomized, controlled and observational study. The efficacy and safety of Home-based CR (HBCR) in revascularized patients will be evaluated through observation of its clinical characteristics and safety indicators. The study will involve 14 sites nationwide, with an expected sample size of 2,000 followed up for 12 months. The primary endpoints is the incidence of composite major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE,death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, revascularization, stroke).Secondary endpoints are defined as decrease of hospitalization due to refractory angina pectoris，the improvements of cardiorespiratory fitness,life quality,as well as angina pectoris.

The subjects will be randomized into 2 different groups, HBCR group and control group. After comprehensive evaluation, the orders from CR staff will be given. Besides the routine health education in both groups, the subjects in HBCR group will be further introduced the instructions of exercise training. The effect of HBCR on cardiorespiratory fitness, improvement of angina, cardiac function, quality of life, levels of anxiety and depression, as well as risk factor profile will also be evaluated. The investigators also aim to explore the factors which influence the adherence of subjects to our HBCR program.
PURPOSE:To release insulin on the outer side face of a porous membrane which allows the free permeation of glucose and insulin of low to middle mol.wt. but does not allow the permeation of high mol.wt. materials according to the concn. of the glucose by immobilizing the insulin and others to one surface of the porous membrane via such a spacer which allows the access of the immobilized matter to each other. CONSTITUTION:GOD, nicotine amide, adenine dinucleotide, etc., are immobilized by convalent bonding via the spacer which allows the access of the immobilized matter to each other to one surface of the porous membrane which allows the free permeation of the glucose and the insulin but does not allow the permeation of glucose oxidase and glucose hydrogenase; further, the insulin is immobilized thereto via a -SS- bond. Glucose solns. of various concns. are brought into contact with the outer side face of such porous membrane and the insulin is released in response with the concn. of the glucose.
Intervention is phenylalanine-free protein substitute. Following a 7 day baseline period, all recruits will receive the new phenylalanine-free protein substitute daily for 28 days in addition to routine nutritional management. The study product prescription will be specified on an individual basis by the metabolic Dietitian responsible for the patient's nutritional management and will be dependent on age, bodyweight and medical condition of the patient, but will wholly replace their currently prescribed tablet protein substitute and multivitamin supplements.