anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial to test the effects of a comprehensive prenatal, in-hospital, and postpartum education and support intervention on breastfeeding initiation and duration among teenage mothers. Experimental, attention control, and usual care groups are used to test the hypotheses. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior and begun during the second trimester of pregnancy, the experimental condition uses a lactation consultant-peer counselor team to influence pregnant adolescents' beliefs and intentions about breastfeeding their newborns. The attention control (placebo) condition mimics the experimental condition, using an advanced practice nurse and peer counselor intervention team, and focuses on healthy pregnancy behaviors and labor/birth preparation. Teens in the two intervention groups attend two prenatal classes specific to their focus between the fourth and ninth month of pregnancy and receive telephone calls from a peer counselor. Teens in a usual care group receive no interventions beyond their standard prenatal care and education. After giving birth and still in the hospital, teens in the intervention groups receive a peer counselor phone call and visit. Breastfeeding teens in the experimental group also receive a breastfeeding counselor visit. After hospital discharge, breastfeeding teens from both intervention groups continue to receive peer counselor telephone support and, in the experimental condition, breastfeeding counselor phone calls for four weeks. Breastfeeding teens from all three groups complete short telephone interviews until six months after birth or until they stop breastfeeding.
BACKGROUND: Utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) in chatbots, especially for chronic diseases, has become increasingly prevalent. These AI-powered chatbots serve as crucial tools for enhancing patient communication, addressing the rising prevalence of chronic conditions, and meeting the growing demand for supportive healthcare applications. However, there is a notable gap in comprehensive reviews evaluating the impact of AI-powered chatbot interventions in healthcare within academic literature. This study aimed to assess user satisfaction, intervention efficacy, and the specific characteristics and AI architectures of chatbot systems designed for chronic diseases.
METHOD: A thorough exploration of the existing literature was undertaken by employing diverse databases such as PubMed MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ACM Digital Library and Scopus. The studies incorporated in this analysis encompassed primary research that employed chatbots or other forms of AI architecture in the context of preventing, treating or rehabilitating chronic diseases. The assessment of bias risk was conducted using Risk of 2.0 Tools.
RESULTS: Seven hundred and eighty-four results were obtained, and subsequently, eight studies were found to align with the inclusion criteria. The intervention methods encompassed health education (n = 3), behaviour change theory (n = 1), stress and coping (n = 1), cognitive behavioural therapy (n = 2) and self-care behaviour (n = 1). The research provided valuable insights into the effectiveness and user-friendliness of AI-powered chatbots in handling various chronic conditions. Overall, users showed favourable acceptance of these chatbots for self-managing chronic illnesses.
CONCLUSIONS: The reviewed studies suggest promising acceptance of AI-powered chatbots for self-managing chronic conditions. However, limited evidence on their efficacy due to insufficient technical documentation calls for future studies to provide detailed descriptions and prioritize patient safety. These chatbots employ natural language processing and multimodal interaction. Subsequent research should focus on evidence-based evaluations, facilitating comparisons across diverse chronic health conditions.
INTRODUCTION: Lung transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage lung disease for a small group of patients meeting strict acceptance criteria after optimal medical management has failed. Physical frailty is prevalent in lung transplant candidates and has been linked to worse outcomes both on the waiting list and postoperatively. Exercise has been proven to be beneficial in optimising exercise capacity and quality of life in lung transplant candidates, but its impact on physical frailty is unknown. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of exercise interventions in modifying physical frailty for adults awaiting lung transplantation.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This protocol was prospectively registered on the PROSPERO database. We will search four databases plus trial registries to identify primary studies of adult candidates for lung transplantation undertaking exercise interventions and assessing outcomes pertaining to physical frailty. Studies must include at least 10 participants. Article screening will be performed by two researchers independently at each stage. Extraction will be performed by one reviewer and checked by a second. The risk of bias in studies will be assessed by two independent reviewers using tools appropriate for the research design of each study; where appropriate, we will use Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 or ROBINS-I. At each stage of the review process, discrepancies will be resolved through a consensus or consultation with a third reviewer. Meta-analyses of frailty outcomes will be performed if possible and appropriate as will prespecified subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Where we are unable to perform meta-analysis, we will conduct narrative synthesis following Synthesis without Meta-analysis guidance. The review will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: No ethical issues are predicted due to the nature of this study. Dissemination will occur via conference abstracts, professional networks, peer-reviewed journals and patient support groups.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022363730.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of legal blindness in the industrialized world beyond 50 years of age. Ageing changes of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) play a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In postmitotic RPE cells autofluorescent lipofuscin granules accumulate with age in the lysosomal compartment mainly as a byproduct of constant phagocytosis of membranous disks shed from photoreceptor outer segments. With the advent of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy fundus autofluorescence mediated by RPE-lipofuscin accumulation can be visualized in vivo: We plan to identify fundus autofluorescence changes as predictive factors for the development of late stage manifestations and their variation over time. Furthermore, we plan to determine the effect of increased focal accumulations of autofluorescent material on retinal sensitivity using fundus perimetry. Examination of human donor eyes with AMD will allow for correlation of fundus autofluorescence alterations in vivo and in vitro. These investigations will be performed not only to better understand the role of lipofuscin accumulation in AMD but also to manipulate these mechanisms for both experimental and therapeutic ends.
The integrity of wheat (Triticum aestivum) production is increasingly jeopardized by the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), particularly amid the vicissitudes of climate change. Here, we delineated the role of a wheat transcription factor, TaNAC1, which precipitates cellular apoptosis and fortifies resistance against Bgt. Utilizing BiFC, co-immunoprecipitation, protein quantification, luciferase report assays, we determined that cytoplasmic TaNAC1-7A undergoes phosphorylation at the S184/S258 sites by TaCDPK20, facilitating its nuclear translocation. This migration appears to prime further phosphorylation by TaMPK1, thereby enhancing transcriptional regulatory activity. Notably, the apoptotic activity of phosphorylated TaNAC1-7A is negatively modulated by the nuclear protein phosphatase PP2Ac. Furthermore, activation of TaNAC1 phosphorylation initiates transcription of downstream genes TaSec1a and TaCAMTA4, through binding to the C[T/G]T[N7]A[A/C]G nucleic acid motif. Suppression of TaNAC1, TaCDPK20, and TaMPK1 in wheat compromises its resistance to Bgt strain E09, whereas overexpression of TaNAC1 and silencing of PP2Ac markedly elevate resistance levels. Our results reveal the pivotal role of TaNAC1 in basal resistance which is mediated by its effects on homotypic fusion, vacuolar protein sorting, and the expression of defense-related genes. The findings highlight the potential through targeting TaNAC1 and its regulators as a strategy for improving wheat's resistance to fungal pathogens.
Levsin® inhibits specifically the actions of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. These peripheral cholinergic receptors are present in the autonomic effector cells of the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, and the exocrine glands. At therapeutic doses, it is completely devoid of any action on autonomic ganglia. Levsin® inhibits gastrointestinal propulsive motility and decreases gastric acid secretion. Levsin® also controls excessive pharyngeal, tracheal and bronchial secretions.

Levsin® is absorbed totally and completely by sublingual administration as well as oral administration. Once absorbed, Levsin® disappears rapidly from the blood and is distributed throughout the entire body. The half-life of Levsin® is 2 to 3½ hours. Levsin® is partly hydrolyzed to tropic acid and tropine but the majority of the drug is excreted in the urine unchanged within the first 12 hours. Only traces of this drug are found in breast milk. Levsin® passes the blood brain barrier and the placental barrier.
PURPOSE: A cosmetic composition containing Massa Medicata Fermentata extract is provided to suppress lipid peroxidation and to ensure antioxidation, anti-aging, and anti-wrinkling. CONSTITUTION: A cosmetic composition for antioxidation and lipid peroxidation contains 0.1-30 wt% of Massa Medicata Fermentata extract as an active ingredient. The extract is extracted with a polar solvent or a non-polar solvent. The polar solvent includes purified water, water, methanol, ethanol, or butanol. The non-polar solvent includes hexane, glycerin, butylene glycol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, or propylene glycol. The cosmetic composition is manufactured in the form of a skin lotion, skin softener, skin toner, astringent, lotion, milk lotion, moisture lotion, cleansing lotion, cleansing cream, body lotion, or body cleanser.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers and survival outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April 2014 and April 2016, 88 patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer participated this prospective study and underwent [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI. Sixty-nine patients with measurable tumors on PET/MRI were included in the image analysis. Imaging biomarkers included the minimum and mean apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCmin and ADCmean), maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumors. The log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess the relationship between imaging biomarkers and survival.
RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 80 months, 15 (22%) patients had tumor progression and six (9%) patients died. The results of ADCmin, ADCmean, and SUVmax did not show a significant association with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Significantly shorter PFS was noted in patients with primary tumors with higher MTV (P < 0.001) and TLG (P < 0.001). Significantly shorter OS was also noted in patients with primary tumors with higher MTV (P = 0.048) and TLG (P = 0.034). In the multivariate analysis, MTV was an independent predictor of PFS (hazard ratio = 10.84, P = 0.033).
CONCLUSION: PET/MRI biomarkers, particularly MTV and TLG, are associated with PFS and OS in patients with endometrial cancer. MTV was an independent predictor of PFS.
The present study investigated the relationship between MSH3 and MSH6 genes in lung cancer patients. Genotyping of lung cancer patients and healthy controls was performed. Odds ratio values were calculated and survival analysis performed. Patients with mutant genotype (TT) for MSH6 polymorphism have 1.5-fold risk for the development of lung cancer (p = 0.03). For non-smokers, the mutant-type genotype had a threefold increased risk of lung cancer (p = 0.01). Patients administered with docetaxel and carbo/cisplatin and carrying GT genotype for MSH6 polymorphism, patients reported a decrease in median survival time (4.9 vs 9.13 months). MSH3 and MSH6 polymorphisms are involved in modulating the risk towards lung cancer. MSH6 polymorphism is associated with high mortality rate for patients undergoing cisplatin and docetaxel chemotherapy.
Thrombosis, a coagulation disorder, occurs due to altered levels of coagulation, fibrinolytic and immune factors, which are otherwise known to maintain hemostasis in normal physiological conditions. Here, we review the direct and indirect participation of a multifunctional nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) in the expression of key genes and cellular processes involved in thrombotic pathogenesis. PARP1 biological activities range from maintenance of genomic integrity, chromatin remodeling, base excision DNA repair, stress responses to cell death, angiogenesis and cell cycle pathways. However, under homeostatic imbalances, PARP1 activities are linked with the pathogenesis of diseases, including cancer, aging, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Disease-associated distressed cells employ a variety of PARP-1 functions such as oxidative damage exacerbations, cellular energetics and apoptosis pathways, regulation of inflammatory mediators, promotion of endothelial dysfunction, and ERK-mediated signaling in pathogenesis. Thrombosis is one such pathogenesis that comprises exacerbation of coagulation cascade due to biochemical alterations in endothelial cells, platelet activation, overexpression of adhesion molecules, cytokines release, and leukocyte adherence. Thus, the activation of endothelial and inflammatory cells in thrombosis implicates a potential role of PARP1 activation in thrombogenesis. This review article explores the direct impact of PARP1 activation in the etiology of thrombosis and discusses PARP1-mediated endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and epigenetic regulations in the disease manifestation. Understanding PARP1 functions associated with thrombosis may elucidate novel pathogenetic mechanisms and help in better disease management through newer therapeutic interventions targeting PARP1 activity.
FIELD: medicinal biotechnology. SUBSTANCE: enzymatic cleavage of a chitosan solution is carried out with a soluble complex of bacterial chinolytic enzymes at pH = 4.5-5.5, temperature 40-50 C for 30-60 min in the ratio chitinase activity/chitosan from 0.5 to 2.0 U activity/g of chitosan. Then the reaction mass is kept in boiling water bath for 3-7 min, cooled, concentrated, filtered and fractionated isolating the fraction with a value of mean viscous molecular mass from 8 to 12 kDa. The obtained solution is dialyzed against water and product is dried. The prepared substance is a water-soluble matter (up to 50 mg in 1 ml), easily sterilized by boiling and nontoxic. Viability of animals protected with the prepared chitosan is 75-90% as compared with their practically total death in control after irradiation by the dose 8.0 Gr. Invention can be used for the development the novel radioprotecting agents based on the natural polysaccharides. EFFECT: improved method of preparing, enhanced radioprotective effect. 1 tbl
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for approximately 25% of pediatric leukemia cases in Japan, with approximately 150 patients being newly diagnosed with AML annually. Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia is classified into three groups: myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome (ML-DS), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and de novo AML. Patients with ML-DS have an event-free survival rate over 80%; however, relapsed patients have dismal outcomes, even if they receive hematopoietic cell transplantation. APL is curable with all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide. In de novo AML, 10% of patients fail to achieve remission, and approximately 30% of patients who successfully achieve remission subsequently experience AML relapse. This review highlights the therapeutic approach for these three diseases with context from past clinical studies in Japan, and shares promising new therapeutic options for relapsed/refractory de novo AML.
The invention discloses a preparation method of tea polyphenol nano-liposomes by combination of an ethanol injection method and dynamic high-pressure microfluidization-enzymolysis. Tea polyphenol, lecithin, tween-80 and a phosphate buffer solution are adopted as raw materials. The tea polyphenol nano-liposomes are prepared by utilization of an ethanol injection-dynamic high-pressure microfluidization-enzymolysis method. According to the prepared tea polyphenol nano-liposomes, the average particle size is 67.4 nm plus or minus 3.0 nm, the zeta potential is -6.07 mV plus or minus 0.59 mV, the distribution coefficient is 0.220 plus or minus 0.010, and the encapsulation efficiency is 79.7% plus or minus 5.4%. The prepared tea polyphenol nano-liposomes show good slow-release property. Only 30.3% plus or minus 2.9% of the tea polyphenol is released after 24 h. In a small-intestine simulation environment where pH is 7.4, the tea polyphenol nano-liposomes show good stability.
Cardiac ion currents may compensate for each other when one is compromised by a congenital or drug-induced defect. Such redundancy contributes to a robust repolarization reserve that can prevent the development of lethal arrhythmias. Most efforts made to describe this phenomenon have quantified contributions by individual ion currents. However, it is important to understand the interplay between all major ion-channel conductances, as repolarization reserve is dependent on the balance between all ion currents in a cardiomyocyte. Here, a genetic algorithm was designed to derive profiles of nine ion-channel conductances that optimize repolarization reserve in a mathematical cardiomyocyte model. Repolarization reserve was quantified using a previously defined metric, repolarization reserve current, i.e., the minimum constant current to prevent normal action potential repolarization in a cell. The optimization improved repolarization reserve current up to 84% compared to baseline in a human adult ventricular myocyte model and increased resistance to arrhythmogenic insult. The optimized conductance profiles were not only characterized by increased repolarizing current conductances but also uncovered a previously unreported behavior by the late sodium current. Simulations demonstrated that upregulated late sodium increased action potential duration, without compromising repolarization reserve current. The finding was generalized to multiple models. Ultimately, this computational approach, in which multiple currents were studied simultaneously, illuminated mechanistic insights into how the metric's magnitude could be increased and allowed for the unexpected role of late sodium to be elucidated.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Genetic algorithms are typically used to fit models or extract desired parameters from data. Here, we use the tool to produce a ventricular cardiomyocyte model with increased repolarization reserve. Since arrhythmia mitigation is dependent on multiple cardiac ion-channel conductances, study using a comprehensive, unbiased, and systems-level approach is important. The use of this optimization strategy allowed us to find robust profiles that illuminated unexpected mechanistic determinants of key ion-channel conductances in repolarization reserve.
The present invention relates to novel compositions and methods to produce 3D organ equivalents of the brain (i.e. “mini-brains”). The invention also relates to methods of using human induced pluripotent stem cells, a combination of growth and other soluble factors and gyratory shaking. Cells from healthy or diseased donors or animals can be used to allow testing different genetic backgrounds. The model can be further enhanced by using genetically modified cells, adding micro-glia or their precursors or indicator cells (e.g. with reporter genes or tracers) as well as adding endothelial cells to form a blood-brain-barrier.
Dementia caregiving presents a particular challenge wherein the adult child is parenting his or her parents. Facilitating relational insights, the key components of the Connecting Through Caregiving (CTC) intervention involves the following: 1) enhancing self-awareness of the caregiver, 2) developing interpersonal empathy of the care-recipient, 3) help-seeking, 4) balancing self-care and caring for others and 5) negotiating action plans. The CTC intervention is be evaluated against a basic skill training intervention consisting of scheduling pleasant events, communicating with the care recipient and other family members. Dementia caregivers providing at least 14 hours of care per week to a parent living with dementia are recruited and randomized into one the two conditions. The intervention lasts for six weeks for both conditions. Intervention in the first week consists of a home visit and a telephone follow-up. From the second to fifth week, there are weekly four telephone phone sessions. In the sixth week, there were two more telephone calls to consolidate the intervention and to review implementation plans.