anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease, resulting in significant morbidity and health care expense. It affects more than 60% of Western World adults over the age of 65 years. It causes pain and dysfunction in 20% of elderly persons. It can affect any joint containing hyaline cartilage; knee is the most commonly affected joint. There are many strategies for the treatment of knee OA but a curative method has not been found. Treatment is therefore aimed to relief symptoms and to prevent further functional deterioration. It is unclear whether any of the treatment modalities is efficacious. Shortwave diathermy (SWD) is one of deep heat widely applied to alleviate the symptoms associated with OA. The efficacy of SWD for the treatment of OA knee is still inconclusive. The outcome of treatment in previous reports varies from null to positive effect. This discrepancy is largely due to the different research methodology, the inadequate sample size, the methods used in outcome assessment, and the treatment protocols.

Comparison(s): Peri- or postmenopausal women with OA knee are randomized into two groups, receiving a course of either therapeutic SWD or sham SWD. The main outcome measured is the change in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) Index.
This study is a randomized, double-blind, parallel controlled multicenter clinical trial for evaluate the efficacy and safety of Compound Methyl Salicylate Liniment in the treatment of acute and chronic soft tissue pain with a positive control drug, named Diclofenac Sodium Liniment. A total of 216 participants with acute or chronic tissue pain participated in this clinical trial. The clinical trial cases were equally allocated to each research center, and each center had 30-35 cases. The proportion of patients with acute soft tissue pain and chronic soft tissue pain was 1:1, and the proportion of the experimental group and the control group was 1:1.The observation index include self pain scale record, tenderness scale and swelling, the evaluation period was 7 days.

The statistical analysis plan is prepared by the unit responsible for the statistics, and is prepared before the formal analysis of the data, and is discussed and identified at the blind audit meeting with the major researchers. Statistical analysis will use SAS8.2 statistical analysis software for data processing, and other statistical analysis plan to make detailed provisions. All the statistical tests were two-sided, and the value of P was less than or equal to 0.05, which would be considered statistically significant. Measurement data use case number, mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, median and four sub spacing description, counting data and grade data use case number, percentage description.
It is widely acknowledged that recent perinatal and neonatal technological advances (eg. assisted ventilation, surfactant, antenatal corticosteroids) have greatly enhanced the survival rate of very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight infants. A compelling body of evidence now exists to suggest that use of breast milk to feed preterm infants during initial hospitalization positively impacts their neurodevelopment during early childhood and beyond. In order to provide breastmilk, mothers of preterm infants have to begin to produce and mechanically express milk. However, these mothers are often faced with challenges in maintaining an adequate volume that will meet their infants' nutritional needs, as well as declines in production after several weeks despite a myriad of measures designed to assist in production. The primary hypothesis for this study is that Domperidone, through its pharmacologic action on increasing prolactin levels, will assist mothers experiencing inadequate breast milk production in increasing breast milk volumes to a level identified as being sufficient for continued pumping in the hospitalization period.
It will be measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). There are three subgroups, namely pain, stiffness and function. A total of 24 questions (pain 5 questions, 2 questions of malfunction and 17 questions of function) and the scale answered by patients are completed in approximately 5 minutes. The scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale (0 = none 1 = mild 2 = moderate 3 = severe 4 = very severe). The score range for the subgroup of pain is 0-20, for the subgroup group 0-8 and for the subgroup of function is 0 - 68. The total WOMAC score is obtained by the sum of these 3 points and the maximum total WOMAC score is 96. There is a linear ratio between the scores obtained from the WOMAC index and the presence of symptoms. The high scores were associated with severe symptoms, more disability and poor health status, whereas low scores indicated that symptoms, pain, and functionality were good.
Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) is a well described disease process that occurs as a result of rapid exposure to high altitude. High altitude headache (HAH) is defined as the presence of headache in the setting of a recent increase in altitude. When HAH is associated with nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness or poor sleeping, AMS is diagnosed. While benign, AMS is very common, afflicting up to 80 % of travelers who ascend rapidly to 14,000 ft, and can be debilitating. AMS is thought to occur secondary to hypoxia-induced cerebral vasodilation. The antiemetic metoclopramide has been well studied and is commonly administered for treatment of migraine headaches in emergency departments across the U.S. The symptoms of migraine headaches are often similar to those of AMS. The mechanism of metoclopramide"s beneficial effect in this indication appear to be a result of its antagonism of central and peripheral dopamine receptors,most notably by blocking stimulation of the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone. No studies have yet evaluated the potential benefits of metoclopramide for the relief of AMS. In contrast, ibuprofen has been well studied and found to be an effective treatment for the relief of symptoms of high altitude headache and AMS.

The study will be a convenience sample of trekkers traveling through the Annapurna Circuit in Nepal during the 3 month time period of March-May, 2012. Subjects will be recruited from visitors to Manang, Nepal staying in local hostels, those visiting the Himalayan Rescue Association clinic in Manang, and those responding to locally posted signage regarding study enrollment.

Eligible patients will be consented and enrolled in the study. Patients will be randomized to receive either Ibuprofen 400mg or Metoclopramide 10mg by mouth. Investigators will be blinded as to which arm of the study the patient is enrolled. Participants will be assessed by Lake Louise Score and Visual Analog Scale for headache and nausea severity immediately prior to ingestion of study medication, and then serially at 30, 60, and 120 minutes following medication ingestion. Standard statistical analysis of the Lake Louise AMS scores and visual analog scales will be used to determine which medication is more effective in treating acute mountain sickness.
INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea.
METHODS: We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were 'vitamin D', '25-hydroxyvitamin D', 'vitamin D deficiency', 'diarrhea', 'gastroenteritis', 'children', and 'pediatric'. The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done.
RESULTS: Out of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diarrhea in children in developing countries (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.80; p = 0.01). On the secondary outcome, the association of vitamin D deficiency and duration or recurrences of diarrhea are conflicting.
CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of diarrhea. Future studies should evaluate the causal association, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the severity of diarrhea, and whether vitamin D deficiency treatments affects the prevalence of diarrhea.
Participants randomized to Delayed-start will be instructed to maintain their pre-intervention physical activity levels during the trial and will be contacted by the lead researcher by email or telephone to ensure timely completion of the on-line outcome assessments at biweekly intervals. Following the 8-week intervention, Delayed start participants will be provided with the Pilates DVD for their own use, but no data will be collected. For both groups, participants who experience a relapse will be immediately withdrawn from the study, which will be recorded by the lead researcher.
BACKGROUND: In the auditory domain, temporal resolution is the ability to respond to rapid changes in the envelope of a sound over time. Silent gap-in-noise detection tests assess temporal resolution. Whether temporal resolution is impaired in tinnitus and whether those tests are useful for identifying the condition is still debated. We have revisited these questions by assessing the silent gap-in-noise detection performance of human participants.
METHODS: Participants were seventy-one young adults with normal hearing, separated into preliminary, tinnitus and matched-control groups. A preliminary group (n = 18) was used to optimise the silent gap-in-noise detection two-alternative forced-choice paradigm by examining the effect of the position and the salience of the gap. Temporal resolution was tested in case-control observational study of tinnitus (n = 20) and matched-control (n = 33) groups using the previously optimized silent gap-in-noise behavioral paradigm. These two groups were also tested using silent gap prepulse inhibition of the auditory startle reflex (GPIAS) and Auditory Brain Responses (ABRs).
RESULTS: In the preliminary group, reducing the predictability and saliency of the silent gap increased detection thresholds and reduced gap detection sensitivity (slope of the psychometric function). In the case-control study, tinnitus participants had higher gap detection thresholds than controls for narrowband noise stimuli centred at 2 and 8 kHz, with no differences in GPIAS or ABRs. In addition, ABR data showed latency differences across the different tinnitus subgroups stratified by subject severity.
CONCLUSIONS: Operant silent gap-in-noise detection is impaired in tinnitus when the paradigm is optimized to reduce the predictability and saliency of the silent gap and to avoid the ceiling effect. Our behavioral paradigm can distinguish tinnitus and control groups suggesting that temporal resolution is impaired in tinnitus. However, in young adults with normal hearing, the paradigm is unable to objectively identify tinnitus at the individual level. The GPIAS paradigm was unable to differentiate the tinnitus and control groups, suggesting that operant, as opposed to reflexive, silent gap-in-noise detection is a more sensitive measure for objectively identifying tinnitus.
Standard Breastfeeding Consultancy: The standard breastfeeding counseling program was prepared by the researchers with reference to the Breastfeeding Counseling Handbook published by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey in 2015. Training program consists of 6 sessions and 4 parts. A total of 6 sessions were held with each woman, 3 implementation and 3 follow-ups.
The invention discloses a fermented aloe raw stock cosmetic and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the fermented aloe raw stock cosmetic includes the following steps that aloe raw stock, water and zymophyte are mixed to obtain an initial system, and the initial system undergoes fermentation culture to obtain fermented aloe raw stock. In the initial system, the proportion of the zymophyte to the fermented aloe raw stock to the water is (20-35) mL: (15-30) g : (250-400) mL, and the concentration of the zymophyte is (106-109) CFU/mL. The zymophyte is streptococcus and specifically is streptococcus thermophilus. Due to the fact that a fermentation engineering technology is adopted, active ingredients of plants are retained to the greatest extent. Compared with a traditional water extraction method, introduction of organic solvents is avoided, and the fermented aloe raw stock cosmetic is safe and is environmentally friendly. Enzymes and other foreign substances are not needed, the production cost is saved, and the production steps are simplified maximally, mass production and industrial production can be achieved by adopting the fermentation technology, and the stability of product quality can be fully ensured.
This is a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which the treatment allocations will be kept sealed until the final statistical evaluation. The design will include the recruitment of 60 healthy subjects (30-79 yr of age) randomized into 3 groups. A total of 48 subjects, 16 per group will be required based upon power calculations and results from a previous clinical trial with selenium. An additional 4 subjects per group will be placed on trial to account for possible attrition or non-compliance. Blood, urine and exfoliated buccal mucosal samples will be obtained from all subjects at baseline. Questionnaire data on usual dietary intake will also be obtained at baseline. Eligible subjects will be required to have not have taken any high dose antioxidant supplements for at least 1 month prior to the study. Subjects will then begin supplementation according to the following schedule:

Group A, GSH (500 mg, 2 times daily); Group B, GSH (125 mg, 2 times daily); Group C, placebo (2 times daily). Eligible participants who sign the informed consent will be randomly assigned to either placebo or high or low dose Glutathione groups. Participants will be asked not to consume any other high-dose vitamin, multi-vitamin, or mineral supplements containing glutathione throughout the study in order to prevent variation in dose of supplemental GSH between subjects. Supplementation will continue for 6 months with biological samples collected at 1, 3 and 6 months after baseline. At 6 months, supplementation will be discontinued. A final collection of biological samples will occur 1 month afterwards. Compliance will be monitored by pill count.

Levels of glutathione will be measured in plasma, lymphocytes, and red blood cells as well as in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells. Biomarkers of oxidative stress will include blood levels of glutathionylated proteins and 8-isoprostanes and urine levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Glutamylcystine ligase and GST activities, and C-reactive protein will be determined in blood. Immune function biomarkers will be analyzed including t-natural killer cell cytotoxicity, lymphoproliferation, neutrophils phagocytosis, neutrophil respiratory burst assays.
Increasesin serum transaminases have been reported with use of simvastatin [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1)]. In most cases, these changes appearedsoon after initiation, were transient, were not accompanied by symptoms, and resolved or improved on continued therapy or after a brief interruption intherapy. Persistent increases to more than 3xULN in serum transaminases have occurred in approximately 1% of patients receiving simvastatin inclinical studies. Marked persistent increases of hepatic transaminases have also occurred with simvastatin. There have been rare postmarketingreports of fatal and non-fatal hepatic failure in patients taking statins, including simvastatin.   
Patients who consume substantial quantities of alcohol and/or have a history of liver disease may be at increased risk for hepatic injury.   
Considerliver enzyme testing before simvastatin initiation and when clinically indicated thereafter. Simvastatin is contraindicated in patients with acuteliverfailure or decompensated cirrhosis [see Contraindications ( 4)]. If serious hepatic injury with clinical symptoms and/or hyperbilirubinemia orjaundice occurs, promptly discontinue simvastatin.
This is a multi-center (conducted in more than 1 center), double-blind (neither physician nor participant knows the name of the assigned drug), randomized (study drug is assigned by chance), active-controlled (paliperidone ER is compared to aripiprazole), parallel-group (a medical research study comparing the response in 2 or more groups of participants receiving different treatments), flexible-dose (the physician has the freedom to give different doses to the participant depending on how they respond to treatment) study designed to determine the efficacy and safety of paliperidone ER in symptomatic adolescents (12 to 17 years of age) with schizophrenia. The total duration of the study will be approximately 29 weeks. The study consists of 3 phases: a Screening phase up to 3 weeks (with a possible overlapping washout period), a Double-blind acute phase of 8 weeks, and a Double-blind maintenance phase of 18 weeks. Participants will be randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 treatment groups (paliperidone ER or aripiprazole flexible oral doses). Dosage will be adjusted at the scheduled visits. Efficacy of the participants will primarily be evaluated through Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS). Participants' safety will be monitored throughout the study.
While perinatal HIV infection has become rare in developed countries through the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), it remains a serious problem in developing countries. Botswana has a population of approximately 1.7 million; the prevalence of HIV in Botswana is about 37.4%. In the developed world, HAART has revolutionized the prevention of MTCT among nonbreastfed infants. This trial will compare the effectiveness of a protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimen versus a triple nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-based regimen in preventing MTCT of HIV.

This study will last up to 24 months for mothers and their children. Participants will be stratified based on their CD4 count at screening. Women with CD4 counts of 200 cells/mm3 or more will be in one of two treatment groups and will be randomly assigned to receive either TZV twice daily or LPV/RTV and 3TC/ZDV twice daily. Once in labor, treatment group participants will continue to take their assigned HAART regimen and will also be given additional ZDV. Women with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mm3 will receive nevirapine (NVP) once daily for the first 14 days, then twice daily, and 3TC/ZDV twice daily; these women will be in the observational group.

Shortly after birth, infants will receive single-dose NVP. A 1-month supply of ZDV will be provided to the mother to administer daily to her child. Mothers will stop HAART at 6 months postpartum or when they stop breastfeeding, whichever occurs earlier. A clinical evaluation, blood collection, and HIV prevention counseling will occur at all maternal visits. An obstetrical exam and physical exam will occur at selected visits. Women will provide at least four samples of breast milk during the first 5 months postpartum. For infants, a clinical evaluation will occur at every visit, and a physical exam and blood collection will occur at selected visits.
In a U.S. multicenter, double-blind trial in adult outpatients with endoscopically confirmed duodenal ulcer (DU), orally administered famotidine was compared to placebo. As shown in Table 6, 70% of patients treated with famotidine 40 mg at bedtime were healed by Week 4. Most patients’ DU healed within 4 weeks.

Patients not healed by Week 4 were continued in the trial. By Week 8, 83% of patients treated with famotidine had healed DU, compared to 45% of patients treated with placebo. The incidence of DU healing with famotidine was greater than with placebo at each time point based on proportion of endoscopically confirmed healed DUs. Trials have not assessed the safety of famotidine in uncomplicated active DU for periods of more than 8 weeks.

Table 6: Patients with Endoscopically Confirmed Healed Duodenal Ulcers

a p<0.001 vs. placebo

In this study, time to relief of daytime and nocturnal pain was shorter for patients receiving famotidine than for patients receiving placebo; patients receiving famotidine also took less antacid than patients receiving placebo.
Letrozole cutaneous penetration patch and its preparation method, it involves a cutaneous penetration patch and the patch preparation methods. The invention solves problems of the present Letrozole available dosage form drugs in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced aspects in short effective time, frequent administration, a more dverse reactions. It consists of matrix layer, back lining and protective film. The matrix layer of letrozole cutaneous penetration patch includes letrozole, adhesives and organic solvents. Their preparation methods: (a) spraid the mixture of letrozole, adhesives and organic solvents evenly on the back lining; (b) after they are dried, cover the protective membrane on the other surface of the patch matrix layer, then the letrozole cutaneous penetration patch is obtained. The patches matrix layer of the invention has good compatibility and adhesiveness with skin, good stability. The invention of the patches maintains constant speed, uniform release, obvious treatment results and long effective time, long recurrence interval, low recurrence rate. Preparation of the present invention patch method is simple and easy to operate.
Provided is the combined use of pulsating electromagnetic signals and dose of Botulinum toxin to treat patients suffering from osteoporosis. Also provided is the use of electromagnetic signals generated by pulsating, impulse-modulated direct current for the treatment of osteoporosis. The frequency of these signals is between 1 and 30 Hz and the field strength 1 to 20 G, with quasi-rectangular modulation preferred. To enhance bone density. The Botulinum neurotoxin may be administered simultaneously with, or in combination with, the electomagnetic signals. Botulinum toxin A or B is preferred.
This group needs to download an app on their computer and their smartphone. This app will give a notification every 30 minutes to walk during 2 minutes during working hours.
Patient will undergo tandem colonoscopy on the same day using propofol sedation. Patients will undergo one colonoscopy without the cap and a second colonoscopy with the cap on. We will endeavor to keep the total examination time equal between the groups and approximately six minutes. The order in which patients receive the two colonoscopies (i.e. cap or without cap first) will be randomized. Any polyps detected during the first colonoscopy will be removed during that procedure. During the withdrawal phase, the time for examination will be measured with a stopwatch, and the stopwatch will be stopped at any time a polyp is located and restarted when the polyp has been removed and retrieved. The stopwatch will also be stopped for suctioning fluid or washing debris from the colon surface. Any polyp detected and removed during the first colonoscopy will be counted as the detection for that procedure. During the second colonoscopy, all polyps will also be removed when detected. Any polyp identified and removed during the second procedure will be counted as a miss for the first procedure. All polyps will be sent separately for pathologic evaluation. The time required to remove and retrieve polyps with and without the cap on will be measured using a stopwatch as a secondary end point. The primary end point will be the miss rate for colonoscopy with the cap and colonoscopy without the cap.