anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem affecting at least 10% of the world's population. CKD represents especially a large burden in low- to middle-income countries that are ill equipped to deal with its consequences. The burden of CKD is increasing in India as well. Although diabetes and hypertension account for much of this burden of CKD, there are regions where a surprisingly high rate of CKD of undetermined etiology (CKD-U) has been described in certain areas of the country. In our observational cross-sectional study, we attempted to look at burden and etiology of CKD in a predominantly rural referral center. Out of 334 patients with diagnosed CKD, of whom 70% were male, included from Oct 2021 to July 2022, CKD-U was the single largest cause of CKD in 154 (46.1%) followed by diabetic nephropathy in 148 (44.3%). 80% of CKD patients presented initially with advanced CKD (stages 4 and 5). Approximately, 2/3rd of CKD patients reported a family income of less than 10,000 Rs/month (< 130USD). Hypertension was seen in 89% of patients in total (73% in CKD-U vs. 100% in other cause CKD). Our initial study brings to focus another new and as yet unrecognized hotspot for CKD-U in the Indian subcontinent. Given the vast diversity in the population in this region and variable delivery health care resources, we believe that concerted efforts should be made by governmental and other agencies to better understand the nature of this undiagnosed CKD epidemic so that adequate preventative strategies can be envisaged.
The 'higher volume' (HV) fluid bolus arm will receive a continuous background infusion of 4% dextrose in 0.18% NaCl at 50ml/hr for the entire 4 hour rehydration period. Subjects will be given a hand-held trigger, which when pressed will deliver an additional volume of fluid from the infusion pump; this will be administered over a 10-minute period (thus allowing a maximum of 6 boluses per hour). In the HV arm, the trigger will deliver 200mls over 10 mins at a rate of 1200ml h-1. A green LED will signal to the patient that no additional infusion is running, and that pressing the trigger will activate delivery of another bolus. The volume and lockout periods for the boluses may vary but will remain within the maximum fluid administration of 1200mls per hour.
In controlled clinical trials with metformin of 29 weeks duration, a decrease to subnormal levels of previously normal serum vitamin B 12, without clinical manifestations, was observed in approximately 7% of patients. Such decrease, possibly due to interference with B 12absorption from the B 12-intrinsic factor complex, is, however, very rarely associated with anemia and appears to be rapidly reversible with discontinuation of metformin or vitamin B 12supplementation. Measurement of hematologic parameters on an annual basis is advised in patients on metformin and any apparent abnormalities should be appropriately investigated and managed (see PRECAUTIONS: Laboratory Tests). 

Certain individuals (those with inadequate vitamin B 12or calcium intake or absorption) appear to be predisposed to developing subnormal vitamin B 12levels. In these patients, routine serum vitamin B 12measurements at two- to three-year intervals may be useful. 

Macrovascular Outcomes

There have been no clinical studies establishing conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with glipizide and metformin hydrochloride or any other antidiabetic drug.
Distal radius fractures are the most common long bone fracture and the incidence appears to be increasing worldwide. They have been found to account for approximately 17% of all fracture-related emergency department visits. These types of injuries have a bimodal age distribution. The first peak represents young patients involved in high energy traumas, and the second peak represents elderly patients with lower to moderate energy injuries secondary to osteoporosis.Surgical treatment for distal radius fractures varies, as there are numerous techniques for fixation. The goals of fixation are anatomic reduction and stability, as this has been shown to result in improved chances for functional recovery . The use of volar locking plateshas become the standard for treatment of the majority of distal radius fractures requiring surgery . However, adequate fixation for high energy comminuted fractures with or without metadia-physeal extension remains a major treatment challenge. Severely comminuted articular fractures are technically challenging in terms of obtaining an adequate reduction and achieving stabilization with a standard periarticular volar plating technique. The small fracture fragments are often not able to be stabilized with the screws from the volar plate, and the proximally-oriented tension from the forearm musculature acts to pull on the carpus causing further collapse of the articular surface. As an alternate to the volar plate, these types of injuries have been historically treated with an external fixator with or without Kirschner wires. However, it has been reported that highly comminuted distal radius fractures are associated with a 52%-63% complication rate when treated with external fixation . Therefore, despite poor fixation capabilities withthese fracturetypes,thevolarplate remainsthego-to devicefor most surgeons when faced with comminuted articular distal radial fractures. In these circumstances, the dorsal distraction plate (also called dorsal "bridge" plating technique) can serve as an improved fixation technique by allowing comminuted articular fragments to reduce under ligamentotaxis and provide a buttress for the dorsal cortex of the distal radius. In addition, a long dorsal plate can bridge past metaphyseal comminution, which cannot be so easily addressed with standard volar plating . The bridge plate can also be left in place for an extended period of time without the risk of the aforementioned complications of prolonged external fixation use . Finally, the dorsal distraction plate is technically a much easier operation to perform than volar plating for complex articular fractures. Recently, there has been increased use of dorsal distraction plating for these types of injuries .
Ruxolitinib was administered at a starting dose of 10 mg twice a day (bid). Dose was adjusted based on efficacy and safety parameters up to a maximum dose of 25 mg bid.
INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in patients with end-stage liver disease and cirrhosis and is associated with increased short-term mortality. This study aims to study the prevalence and risk factors associated with AKI development and mortality in cirrhosis of liver patients.
METHODOLOGY: In the current prospective study, hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis from October 2021 to March 2023 were recruited. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, which included, the etiology of cirrhosis, comorbidities, severity of liver disease, and relevant biochemical parameters. The patient was followed up for 90 days to record the clinical outcome. The statistical software SPSS was utilized to conduct the analysis.
RESULTS: Of 364 liver cirrhosis patients, 25.2% (n, 92) had AKI and belonged to an average age of 51.54 ± 11.82 years. The majority of individuals in the study were males (90.4%), and alcohol (63.4%) was the most common etiology of liver cirrhosis. The present study showed that higher level of direct bilirubin (p = 0.011) and MELD score (p = 0.0001) were identified as significant risk factors for AKI development in patients with liver cirrhosis. Regarding mortality, the significant risk factors were the presence of AKI (p = 0.045) and MELD score (p = 0.025). Among AKI patients, 90-day mortality rates were higher in patients with acute tubular necrosis (p value = 0.010) and stage 3 AKI (p value = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: AKI is common in cirrhosis of liver patients. Elevated levels of direct bilirubin and MELD score emerged as significant factors associated with AKI development. Furthermore, AKI and MELD scores were identified as independent risk factors for mortality at both 30 and 90 days. Survival rates were influenced by both the type and stage of AKI; AKI stage 3 and ATN patients had significantly higher mortality rate. Early AKI detection and management are crucial for reducing mortality risk in liver cirrhosis patients.
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a devastating neurological disorder caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene that encodes a peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCD1). ABCD1 is responsible for transport of CoA-activated very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) into the peroxisome for degradation. X-ALD is clinically characterized by two main phenotypes: adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) and the inflammatory cerebral ALD. This diease presents most commonly in males. Approximately 50% of heterozygote females show some symptoms later in life. Approximately two-thirds of ALD patients will present with the childhood cerebral form of the disease, which is the most severe form. The disease is characterized by normal development in early childhood, followed by rapid degeneration to a vegetative state. ALD patients are normally treated with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a matched healthy donor. However, HSCT must be performed at a very early stage of the disease, which limits the therapeutic opportunies for juvenile or adult forms of ALD. This trial aims to treat ALD using a safety and efficiency improved self-inactivating lentiviral vector carrying a functional ABCD1 gene to correct the genetic defect. By Intracerebral injection to delivery the lentiviral vector with a normal ALD gene to correct the pathologies associated with this genetic defect.

The primary objectives are to evaluate the safety of the advanced self-inactivating lentiviral vector TYF-ABCD1, the in-vivo gene transfer clinical protocol and the efficacy of degradative metabolite in patients at the time of treatment, assessment of vector integration sites, and finally the long-term correction of patients' disease beheviors.
BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, perceived as a reflection of cancer-induced cachexia, are often diagnosed in patients with periampullary malignancies. The pathophysiology of those conditions is multifactorial regarding the tumor microenvironment, immunological response, and the relationship to surrounding tissues.
METHODS: The PubMed and SCOPUS databases were systematically searched between November 2023 and December 2023. A total of 254 studies were primarily identified. Regarding the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 studies were finally included in the review.
RESULTS: Evaluated papers disclosed that sarcopenia was significantly associated with a higher incidence of postoperative complications, including pancreatic fistula (POPF) type B and C, with the odds ratio (OR) ranging from 2.65 (95%CI 1.43-4.93, p = 0.002) to 4.30 (95%CI 1.15-16.01, p < 0.03). Sarcopenic patients also suffered more often from delayed gastric emptying (DGE) with an OR of 6.04 (95%CI 1.13-32.32, p = 0.036). Infectious complications, postoperative hemorrhage, and intra-abdominal abscesses occurred more often in sarcopenic patients. Surgical complications were also noted more frequently when sarcopenic obesity was present. Preoperative nutritional prehabilitation seems to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. However, more prospective studies are needed.
CONCLUSIONS: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were associated with a higher incidence of multiple postoperative complications, including POPF (type B and C), DGE, hemorrhage, and infectious complications.
Methods for treating an infection in a tissue sample are described. Tissue samples that are harvested from a patient may be infected with either bacteria or a virus. A rhodamine compound is mixed with the infected tissue sample to form a mixture. The mixture is then exposed to radiant energy to inhibit or kill the bacteria. The exposed mixture is then transplanted into the patient. The rhodamine compounds may be 2′-(6-dimethylamino-3-dimethylimino-3H-xanthen-9-yl) 4′, 5′-dichloro-benzoic acid methyl ester hydrochloride.
The utility model relates to a traditional Chinese medicine liver-protecting poison-drawing cataplasm ointment, which is characterized by comprising a medicament portion and a covering portion. The size of the covering portion is larger than that of the medicament portion. The medicament portion comprises a base layer (1), a medicament layer (2) and a film layer (3) which are sequentially from bottom to top. The cover portion comprises a surface layer (4) and a covering layer (5) which are bonded through glue. The traditional Chinese medicine liver-protecting poison-drawing cataplasm ointment uses cataplasm as a base material. On one hand, the medicament amount is improved, pesticide effect is improved, and times for patients to replace the ointment are reduced; on the other hand, side effects of rash, partial pruritus and the like are reduced.
A general cancer-associated SCM factor has been isolated, purified to homogeneity, and characterized, and methods for its use have been described. The SCM factor is a low molecular weight peptide able to pass through a filter with a nominal molecular weight cutoff of 1000 daltons, but not through a filter with a nominal molecular weight cutoff of 500 daltons. The factor has the approximate amino acid composition of (Asx2, Glx3, Ser, His, Gly5, Thr, Arg, Ala3, Tyr, Met, Val3, Phe3, Ile, Leu3, Lys2), and has the ability to produce at least a 10% decrease in the intracellular fluorescein fluorescence polarization value of potentially SCM-responding lymphocytes from blood samples of donors with cancer. Tryptic peptides of fiteen and sixteen amino acids not including the amino terminus of the SCM factor have also been purified, and have SCM activity. The SCM factor can modify the SCM response of lymphocytes from donors free of cancer to the response characteristic of lymphocytes from donors afflicted with cancer. The factor can also diminish the natural in vitro cytotoxicity of killer lymphocytes toward tumor cells. A method for purifying the SCM factor from blood is described, leading to a factor purified to substantial homogeneity by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The SCM factor is useful for screening of blood samples for the presence of malignancy in the donor by the SCM test. Methods for reducing in vivo activity of SCM factor, such as dialysis or antibody neutralization, can also be useful in the management of cancer.
This study was conducted to determine relationship between disasters and sleep problems in adolescents. In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 407 adolescents aged 10-18 years were included. The data were collected with Descriptive Characteristics Form, Disaster Fear Form, and Bergen Insomnia Scale. 86.5% of the adolescents had experienced at least one disaster. It was found that 67.3% of adolescents experienced sleep problems after disasters. A positive correlation was found between the mean scores of Fear Disaster Form and Bergen Insomnia Scale. In addition, mean Bergen Insomnia Scale scores of adolescents who experienced earthquakes, pandemic disease, traffic accidents, and floods were statistically higher than those who did not (p < 0.05). By screening for sleep problems in adolescents who have experienced disasters and planning and implementing appropriate interventions, adolescents who are already at risk for sleep problems can develop healthy sleep habits and prevent physiological, mental, and cognitive problems due to sleep problems.
UFH was administered as an IV bolus for the duration of the procedure (mean duration of 48.6 minutes). UFH was administered via weight-based IV bolus at a dose of 50 units (U)/kg to 70 U/kg. Additional bolus doses were administered per standard-of-care use.
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) allows cardiac surgery to be performed on a motionless, bloodless heart while maintaining circulation to the rest of the body. Anticoagulation with heparin prevents the body's clotting system from being activated when blood comes into contact with the walls of the bypass circuit. The amount of heparin given to achieve this effect is determined on a weight-based dosing and monitored with a point-of-care monitor called ACT (activated clotting time). However, there remains a high level of variability in the concentration of heparin in the blood and the ACT is affected by hypothermia and dilution of the blood, both of which commonly occur during CPB for cardiac surgery.

The Hemostasis Management System (HMS Plus) offers an alternative way of dosing and monitoring heparin by aiming to achieve a pre-determined heparin concentration throughout CPB, rather than being determined by the ACT. It also aims to determine the dose of protamine, the drug used to reverse heparin at the end CPB, required based on residual heparin concentration rather than on a 1:1 ratio of the total dose of heparin given which is the common current practice. The benefits of using this system are proposed to be more effective anticoagulation during CPB meaning less of the body's reserves of clotting factors are consumed. This could mean potentially less bleeding and decrease requirement of blood products following surgery.
The invention relates to plant foot bath powder for dispelling shoe and foot odor of students, which is prepared by refining the active components of clove tree leaves, tea plant leaves, fig tree leaves, willow leaves and truestar anisetree leaves. The plant foot bath powder is a foot-washing and clearing plant medicament suitable for adolescent students who wear sports shoes to do sports frequently and have smelly feet due to foot sweat, beriberi and the like. Because the air permeability of rubber and sports shoes is poor and the interior of the shoes is a closed space, the interior of the shoes is easy to become damp due to the foot sweat. If the same pair of shoes is worn for several days continuously, the pair of the shoes cannot keep dry and comfortable and is easy to cause mass propagation of bacteria and finally cause the odor, so the students in a classroom cannot have a good fresh and clean environment. In order to dispel shoe odor, in addition to change and wash footgear frequently, the measures for inhibiting bacteria, absorbing moisture and the like can be adopted. The plant foot bath powder for dispelling the shoe and foot odor of the students not only has the good effects of sterilizing efficiently, being economical, convenient, safe and reliable, moistening skin and having no residues, but also has the function of dispelling peculiar smells.
The invention provides a ganoderma lucidum spore oil composition with an anti-tumor effect and a preparation technology thereof. The ganoderma lucidum spore oil composition is processed into a soft capsule dosage form. The ganoderma lucidum spore oil composition is characterized in that the content of a soft capsule contains the following materials in percentage by weight: 85.5%-88% of ganoderma lucidum spore oil, 10%-12.5% of walnut oil, 0.5%-1% of gelatin, 0.25%-0.5% of glycerin and 0.5%-1% of purified water. Each ganoderma lucidum spore oil soft capsule contains 500mg of content. The preparation technology comprises the following steps: mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore oil and the walnut oil in proportions, and preparing according a conventional soft capsule technology; packaging the qualified soft capsules, thus obtaining the walnut oil-containing ganoderma lucidum spore oil composition finished product. The ganoderma lucidum spore oil composition has the advantages that the novel plant oil, namely the walnut oil with the antioxidant effect is mixed with the ganoderma lucidum spore oil so as to prepare the composition, the content of triterpene in the ganoderma lucidum spore oil is 25%-27%, and the triterpene can assist in the reduction of tumor volume before and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy with the aid of antioxidant and anti-tumor functional components in the walnut oil, so that the purposes of succeeding in operation and inhibiting tumor recurrence are achieved.
Of the 4,966 subjects in clinical studies who were treated with famotidine, 488 subjects (9.8%) were 65 and older, and 88 subjects (1.7%) were greater than 75 years of age. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects. In post marketing experience, CNS adverse reactions have been reported in elderly patients with and without renal impairment receiving famotidine (see WARNINGS).

Famotidine is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, monitor renal function. Dosage adjustment in the case of moderate or severe renal impairment is necessary (see PRECAUTIONS, Patients with Moderate or Severe Renal Insufficiency and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, Dosage Adjustment for Patients with Moderate or Severe Renal Insufficiency).
All surgical patients presenting at the Preoperative Anesthesia \& Surgical Screening (PASS Clinic) will complete the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) self-reported questionnaire as standard of care. If the DASI score is 34 or greater, the patients will not be considered for the study. If the DASI score is 33 or lower, the patient will be considered as a potential study participant. Eligible study participants will then complete a sub-maximal exercise test (Six Minute Step Test, 6MST) with measured VO2.

The VO2 is an integral part of preoperative assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). A low CRF is associated with a higher incidence of post-operative complications and mortality. The study will evaluate the ability to estimate VO2 from exercise-derived measurement with questionnaire-derived estimation.
In Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) raised blood pressure in the lungs leads to heart failure and early death. Patients not only have a significantly reduced life expectancy, but their quality of life is severely affected. If left untreated life expectancy is 2-3 years. Current treatments all aim to relax the vessels in the lung and lower the blood pressures, however none target the causes of the disease and currently there is not cure. Despite the availability of treatments the impact on mortality has been modest at best with one third of patients still dying within two years of diagnosis. There remains an urgent need to test new ways of treating PAH.

PAH is often associated with auto-immune diseases (when the bodies own system attacks itself rather than fight infection). Targeting components of the immune system involved in the development of disease offer a potential new area of treatment for PAH; an example known to be involved in the progression of PAH is the protein Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Tocilizumab is a drug which blocks the action of Interleukin-6 and blocking Interleukin-6 has been shown to be effective in animal models of PAH. Tocilizumab was demonstrated to be safe and effective in trials in other diseases associated with PAH, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

This study is a 6 month open label phase II trial of IV Tocilizumab in 21 patients with group 1 PAH. The aim of the trial is to see if Tocilizumab is safe and whether it reduces the blood pressure in the lungs. Patients will be given Tocilizumab intravenously once a month for six months with close safety monitoring. The trial will be led by Papworth Hospital and a total of 7 UK specialist centres will take part. The trial will assess the safety of the drug and response to treatment by measuring heart function, blood pressure in the lungs, exercise capacity and quality of life measurements.