anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Currently, the vast majority of these patients do not receive immediate vessel imaging with either CT- or MR-angiography. However, acute ischemic stroke patients with low NIHSS who harbor a large vessel occlusion (LVO) later decline in 20-40% of cases, and/or have underappreciated impairments related to their relatively mild strokes. Similarly, LVO patients presenting with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) are under increased risk of clinical deterioration. Such patients with apparent good collateral circulation, and hence a substantial perfusion of the vascular territory of the occluded large artery, likely have the most to gain from endovascular revascularization. At the same time, this collateral perfusion may allow for more frequent recanalization, either spontaneously or by intravenous (IV) rtPA. Experience with immediate mechanical thrombectomy (iMT) in the LVO mild stroke target population is limited.

This study will test the hypothesis that patients presenting within 8 hours of onset with cerebral ischemia in the setting of proximal large vessel occlusions (LVO) and low baseline NIHSS scores (0-5) will have better 90-day clinical outcomes (mRS distribution) with immediate mechanical thrombectomy (iMT) compared to initial medical management (iMM).
To address the gaps related to interventions for Hispanic Mexican American and African American pregnant women, the investigators have developed and successfully pilot tested the Mastery Lifestyle Intervention (MLI): a culturally-relevant, manualized psychosocial group intervention that integrates two evidence-based behavioral therapies - Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Problem-Solving Therapy (PST). The MLI is a 6-week program designed to be integrated into regular prenatal care to facilitate more comprehensive care delivered by a nurse practitioner (NP) or certified nurse midwife (CNM). We propose the following hypotheses for a randomized controlled trial: Hypothesis 1a: Participants in the 6-week MLI will have decreased depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, disengaged coping, and increased active coping compared to UC at end-of-treatment and after 6 weeks. Hypothesis 1b: The effects of MLI versus UC on depression, anxiety, stress, acculturative stress, and coping will be mediated via psychological flexibility and moderated by acculturation. Hypothesis 2a: Compared to UC, MLI participants will have significantly lower mean levels of CRH over time from baseline to end-of-treatment. Hypothesis 2b: Compared to UC, MLI participants will have significantly higher progesterone levels and lower estriol levels (higher progesterone/estriol ratios) over time from baseline to end-of-treatment. Hypothesis 3: As compared to UC, infants from mothers in the MLI group will have longer gestational age, greater birth weight, and fewer NICU admissions.
In alternative embodiments the invention provides compositions and methods for ameliorating diseases and conditions having a beta-amyloid component, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Vascular Dementia (VD), dementia, pre-dementia, Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS) and loss of cognition in humans and in non-human animal. In alternative embodiment the invention provides analogs of AB-007 and its acid form E64c (loxistatin), their preparation, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof and methods of making and using same. In alternative embodiments compositions of the invention are deuterated analogs of AB-007 (or E64d) and E64c (or loxistatin). In alternative embodiments compositions of the invention are metabolically blocked forms as compared to AB-007 and loxistatin. In alternative embodiments compositions of the invention are used to ameliorate (including treat, slow, reverse or prevent) a disease or condition which can be ameliorated by partial or complete inhibition of a cysteine protease, e.g., AD, VD, CDS. The invention also provides alternative dosage forms and formulations for AB-007 and loxistatin, and for compounds of this invention, which can be used e.g., to treat AD, VD and CDS, in humans and in non-human animals.
NEW MATERIAL:DC-102 having a benzazepine skeleton expressed by the formula (R is saccharide) and the following physico-chemical properties. Molecular weight: 461. Molecular formula: C24H35N3O6. Mass spectrometry; 4292261 [electron impact (EI) mass spectrometry], etc. USE:An antimicrobial and antitumor agent. PREPARATION:A microorganism, belonging to the genus Streptomyces and having the ability to produce a novel substance DC-102 is cultivated to produce and accumulate the DC-102 in the culture. The resultant DC-102 is then collected to afford the aimed DC-102.
The name of this arm is Progesterone. Soft gelatin capsule vaginal use, used in clinical practice as maintenance tocolytic therapy after episode of threatened preterm labor. The 200mg capsule administered once daily to week 34 of gestation. The patients assigned to this arm will begin treatment while the patient assigned to the arm of nifedipine.
BACKGROUND: Early assessment and management of cerebral edema and hematoma following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (a-SAH) can significantly impact clinical cognitive outcomes. However, current clinical practices lack predictive models to identify early structural brain abnormalities affecting cognition. To address this gap, the authors propose the development of a predictive model termed the a-SAH Early Brain Edema/Hematoma Compression Neural (Structural Brain) Networks Score System (SEBE-HCNNSS).
METHODS: In this study, 202 consecutive patients with spontaneous a-SAH underwent initial computed tomography (CT) or MRI scans within 24 h of ictus with follow-up 2 months after discharge. Using logistic regression analysis (univariate and multivariate), the authors evaluated the association of clinically relevant factors and various traditional scale ratings with cognitive impairment (CI). Risk factors with the highest area under the curve (AUC) values were included in the multivariate analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis or Cox regression analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 177 patients were enrolled in the study, and 43 patients were classified with a high SEBE-HCNNSS grade (3-5). After a mean follow-up of 2 months, 121 individuals (68.36%) with a-SAH and three control subjects developed incident CI. The CT interobserver reliability of the SEBE-HCNNSS scale was high, with a Kappa value of 1. Furthermore, ROC analysis identified the SEBE-HCNNSS scale (OR 3.322, 95% CI: 2.312-7.237, P =0.00025) as an independent predictor of edema, CI, and unfavorable prognosis. These results were also replicated in a validation cohort.
CONCLUSION: Overall, the SEBE-HCNNSS scale represents a simple assessment tool with promising predictive value for CI and clinical outcomes post-a-SAH. Our findings indicate its practical utility as a prognostic instrument for risk evaluation after a-SAH, potentially facilitating early intervention and treatment.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) challenged current beliefs about the potential role of micronutrients to attenuate the inflammatory response and improve clinical outcomes of critically ill patients. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview and critical discussion about most recent clinical trials, which evaluated the clinical significance of a vitamin C, vitamin D, or selenium administration in critically ill patients.
RECENT FINDINGS: None of the most recent large-scale RCTs could demonstrate any clinical benefits for a micronutrient administration in ICU patients, whereas a recent RCT indicated harmful effects, if high dose vitamin C was administered in septic patients. Following meta-analyses could not confirm harmful effects for high dose vitamin C in general critically ill patients and indicated benefits in the subgroup of general ICU patients with higher mortality risk. For vitamin D, the most recent large-scale RCT could not demonstrate clinical benefits for critically ill patients, whereas another large-scale RCT is still ongoing. The aggregated and meta-analyzed evidence highlighted a potential role for intravenous vitamin D administration, which encourages further research. In high-risk cardiac surgery patients, a perioperative application of high-dose selenium was unable to improve patients' outcome. The observed increase of selenium levels in the patients' blood did not translate into an increase of antioxidative or anti-inflammatory enzymes, which illuminates the urgent need for more research to identify potential confounding factors.
SUMMARY: Current data received from most recent large-scale RCTs could not demonstrate clinically meaningful effects of an intervention with either vitamin C, vitamin D, or selenium in critically ill patients. More attention is needed to carefully identify potential confounding factors and to better evaluate the role of timing, duration, and combined strategies.
PURPOSE:To prepare a water-soluble and lymph-transitional drug advantageous in view of absorptivity and migration in the body, by mixing a water-insoluble or hardly soluble physiologically active organic compound with more than equimolar amount of tri-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. CONSTITUTION:A biologically active organic compound insoluble or hardly soluble in water (e.g. non-steroidal antiphlogistic agent, anti-malignant tumor agent, remedy for leukemia, steroid hormone, digitalis glucoside, tranquillizer, fat-soluble vitamin, coenzyme Q, etc.) is dissolved in water in the presence of more than equimolar amount of tri-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin to obtain the water-soluble and lymph-transitional drug of said organic compound. The drug having water- soluble and lymph-transitional properties exhibits high absorptivity by oral administration. The antitumor activity, etc. of the antitumor agent, etc. can be improved and the side effects can be reduced by the selective transition of the agent to the lymph path.
Depression and suicide are major issues of public health worldwide. However, there is time-lag for current available antidepressants to have therapeutic effective. In fact, if partial responses were also included, up to 50% of depressed patients showed little or no response to traditional antidepressant medication treatments. In addition, suicide is also a prevalent mental health problem worldwide and still has no optimal and effective treatment now. In Taiwan, the annual suicide rate increased gradually despite of the suicide prevention program. Ketamine, a kind of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, is a FDA-approved anesthetic agent. One single sub-anesthesia dose of ketamine infusion can rapidly improve refractory depression without side effects of dependence, and its antidepressant effects have been proved by some double-blind and randomized controlled trials in other countries. However, it has not been investigated and validated in Han Chinese population. The mechanism of rapid antidepressant effects is still unknown. Besides, much less studies assessed the anti-suicide efficacy of a low dose of ketamine infusion.

Under the support of NSC 101-2314-B-010-060 and NSC 101-2314-B-010-061, we finished the study of a single dose ketamine infusion in the treatment of refractory major depression (TRD) using a double blind randomized placebo-controlled fashion. Three groups with each 24 patients of TRD received 0.5mg/kg, 0.2mg/kg and placebo (PBO) respectively. The primary outcome assessed by MADRS and HAMD depression ratings disclosed about 40\~45% response. Also, a single low dose of ketamine could reduce approximately 50% suicide-related symptoms based on the subanalysis of ketamine treatment efficacy for specific suicide item.

In current study, we plan to recruit 48 subjects of TRD within two years in double-blind, randomized - controlled fashion with each year 24 subjects, who will receive 0.5mg/kg vs. active placebo (0.045mg/kg Midazolam) equally. Mood symptom changes by MARDRS and HAMD ratings, suicide scales, and impulsivity and loneliness scales will be conducted at different time points from baseline to the 14th day. We will elucidate the exact efficacy of a low dose of ketamine infusion for the rapid anti-depression and anti-suicidal ideations. If it is successful, it would be able to generalize to benefit for the huge population of Chinese in the world.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the long-term predictive value of radiographic abnormality and/or hip pain assessed 5 years following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and the occurrence of revision for aseptic loosening between 5 and 25 years postoperatively.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included all primary THAs performed between 1996 and 2011 (same uncemented cup, polyethylene-ceramic bearing, 28 mm head, cemented stem) and prospectively enrolled in the institutional registry, for whom baseline and follow-up radiographs were available. At 5 years radiographically we assessed femoral osteolysis and/or stem migration. Pain was evaluated with the Harris Hip pain subscore. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were performed.
RESULTS: 1,317 primary THAs were included. 25 THAs (2%) were revised for aseptic stem loosening. Any abnormal radiographic sign at 5 years was present in 191 THAs (14%). Occasional hip pain was reported by 20% and slight to severe pain by 12% of patients at 5 years. In patients < 60 years, 10 of the 12 later revised for aseptic stem loosening had abnormal radiographs at 5 years vs. 5 of the 13 later revised in those ≥ 60 years. Hazard ratios (HR) were 34 (95% confidence interval [CI] 7-155) in younger vs. 4 (CI 1-11) in the older group. HR for association of hip pain at 5 years with future revision was 3 (CI 1-5).
CONCLUSION: The presence of abnormal radiographic signs 5 years after THA was strongly associated with later revision for aseptic stem loosening, especially in patients < 60 years. The association between pain at 5 years and future revision was much weaker.
BACKGROUND: Hypertension and frailty often occur concurrently, exhibiting increasing prevalence in the older population. In this study, we analyzed the frailty status among older adults with hypertension and the impact of their interaction on death risk.
METHOD: This prospective cohort survey study included data from older people in an urban community in Beijing collected between 2009 and 2020 using the cluster random sampling method. The participants were older adults who were ≥ 60 years old at the time of investigation and had lived at the place of investigation for > 1 year. The survey variables comprised those related to health and frailty status assessed during the 2009 baseline survey, along with death-related information as outcome variables in 2020. Additionally, a frailty index (FI) model was used to examine the frailty status among the older adults at baseline. The effects of hypertension prevalence on the age-related frailty changes as well as on mortality for varying degrees of frailty were further analyzed. Lastly, Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curves were applied to evaluate the impact of the interaction between hypertension and frailty on death risk.
RESULTS: Ultimately, 1197 older individuals aged between 60 and 101 years(average age at baseline: 74.8 ± 8.6 years) were included .Among them, 475 individuals were men (mean age:74.8 ± 8.8 years), and 722 were women (mean age:74.8 ± 8.4 years).Frailty was identified in 151 individuals, leading to a prevalence rate of 12.6%(151/1197),while hypertension was detected in 593 (prevalence rate:49.5% [593/1197]).A total of 443 deaths were recorded by 2020, resulting in a mortality rate of 37.0% (443/1197).Moreover, FI values and mortality rates were higher at any age in older adults with hypertension compared with those without hypertension. Survival time analysis showed that the median survival time of older adults with hypertension and frailty was the shortest (39.0[95%CI: 35.6-42.3] months)when compared with that of older adults without hypertension but with frailty (52.9 [95%CI: 46.6-59.3] months), those with hypertension but without frailty (102.7 [95%CI: 98.7-106.8] months), and those without hypertension and frailty (127.9 [95%CI: 113.5-134.7] months),with log-rank x2 = 999.686 and P < 0.001. Furthermore, Cox regression results demonstrated that older adults with hypertension and frailty had the highest death risk when compared with that of older adults without hypertension and frailty (HR = 1.792, P < 0.001), those without hypertension but with frailty (HR = 1.484, P < 0.001), and those with hypertension but without frailty (HR = 1.406, P = 0.005).
CONCLUSION: Frailty is prevalent among older adults with hypertension; however, older adults with both hypertension and frailty have a relatively higher mortality risk. Therefore, screening and assessment of frailty in the older population with hypertension are crucial for its early identification, thereby enabling timely and appropriate interventions to prevent or delay the adverse effects of this concurrent condition.
A reactor 10 for forming fully coated particles having a solid core comprises a reactor vessel 12, a gas phase coating mechanism 21, 23 for introducing pulses of gas phase materials, a sieve 16 located within the reactor vessel and a forcing means 19 for forcing the particles through the sieve to deagglomerate any particle aggregates. The forcing means may include shaking, tumbling, centrifugal force, sonic vibration, ultrasonic vibration, vacuum, air column, gas flow or gravitational. A forcing aid may include a brush, balls, scraper, spatula, paddle or air jet. First and second shutters 15a, 15b may be located above and below the sieve. The reactor vessel may include two reactor chambers that are configured to switch places, possibly by rotation about an axle 26. The gas phase coating mechanism is preferably an atomic layer deposition (ALD) mechanism. Forcing the particles through the sieve between pulses ensures that the particles are fully exposed to the gas phase materials and contact spots or pinholes in the coating are obviated. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a plurality of coated particles is also disclosed.
Treprostinil will be randomized 2:1 to placebo. Treprostinil (6 mcg per breath) will be administered every 4 hours. The dose will increase from 6 to12 breaths (maximum 72 mcg) over the first 20 hours, maintained for 7 days, and tapered down over 3 days.
A cohort of 50 patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome will be given an informed release form. Have a signed the informed release they will be given a Fitbit activity monitor. These monitors will be evaluated on a weekly interval by computer interface. The activity will be calculated to determine the online of activity and whether there is increase or decrease in activity during the time of the study. The study is an observational rather than an interventional study. There is no invasion or intervention in the patient's normal activities
Behavioral therapy paired with drug therapy might be a more effective treatment approach to marijuana dependence than behavioral therapy alone. Selegiline is a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor. It increases dopamine activity in parts of the brain that are involved in dependence on addictive drugs such as nicotine, cocaine, and marijuana. Selegiline has been effective in treating nicotine dependence, but has not yet been studied in treating marijuana dependent individuals. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of selegiline in treating marijuana dependent individuals. Specifically, this study will determine whether selegiline reduces marijuana craving and withdrawal symptoms, thus leading to reduction or abstinence in marijuana use.

Participants in this 9-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study will be randomly assigned to receive either selegiline (10 mg/day in two 5 mg pills) or placebo. Study visits will occur twice each week. At each study visit, participants will complete self-reports and urine toxicology tests. Throughout the study, participants will receive weekly individual counseling. The counseling sessions will last 15 minutes. Reduction in marijuana use as well as the number of weeks of consecutive marijuana abstinence will be evaluated.
Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy serves as the standard surgical treatment for periampullary tumors. Previous studies have suggested that high body mass index (BMI) is associated with an unfavorable prognosis following laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD). However, the relationship between low BMI and postoperative complications remains unclear. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 1130 patients who underwent LPD between April 2014 and December 2022 was conducted. Multivariate regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were utilized to explore the correlations between BMI and short-term outcomes, with adjustments for potential confounders. Results: Multivariable logistic regression revealed that overweight, obese, or severely underweight patients had an elevated risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) compared to those with a normal BMI. Moreover, obesity was significantly correlated with a higher proportion of "failure to rescue." BMI exhibited a J-shaped relationship with respiratory complications and in-hospital mortality, a W-shaped relationship with multiple complications and anastomotic leakage (pancreatic fistula), and a U-shaped association with "failure to rescue" rates. The lowest risk was observed at BMI levels of 20 and 25 kg/m2 for multiple complications and pancreatic fistula, respectively. Conclusion: Both high and low BMI are identified as risk factors for the occurrence of postoperative POPF and in-hospital mortality following LPD. Notably, patients with higher BMI and severe underweight conditions are associated with an increased likelihood of "failure to rescue."
Aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis have been reported in association with the use of carbamazepine (see BOXED WARNING). Patients with a history of adverse hematologic reaction to any drug may be particularly at risk of bone marrow depression.

Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)/Multiorgan Hypersensitivity

Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), also known as multiorgan hypersensitivity, has occurred with Carbamazepine. Some of these events have been fatal or life-threatening. DRESS typically, although not exclusively, presents with fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, and/or facial swelling, in association with other organ system involvement, such as hepatitis, nephritis, hematologic abnormalities, myocarditis, or myositis sometimes resembling an acute viral infection. Eosinophilia is often present. This disorder is variable in its expression, and other organ systems not noted here may be involved. It is important to note that early manifestations of hypersensitivity (e.g., fever, lymphadenopathy) may be present even though rash is not evident. If such signs or symptoms are present, the patient should be evaluated immediately. Carbamazepine should be discontinued if an alternative etiology for the signs or symptoms cannot be established.

Hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity reactions to carbamazepine have been reported in patients who previously experienced this reaction to anticonvulsants including phenytoin, primidone, and phenobarbital. If such history is present, benefits and risks should be carefully considered and, if carbamazepine is initiated, the signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity should be carefully monitored.

Patients should be informed that about a third of patients who have had hypersensitivity reactions to carbamazepine also experience hypersensitivity reactions with oxcarbazepine (Trileptal®).

Anaphylaxis and Angioedema

Rare cases of anaphylaxis and angioedema involving the larynx, glottis, lips, and eyelids have been reported in patients after taking the first or subsequent doses of carbamazepine. Angioedema associated with laryngeal edema can be fatal. If a patient develops any of these reactions after treatment with carbamazepine, the drug should be discontinued and an alternative treatment started. These patients should not be rechallenged with the drug.