anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a single intravenous dose of Palonosetron Hydrochloride injection in preventing acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with MEC or HEC were studied in 4 trials. In these double-blind studies, complete response rates (no emetic episodes and no rescue medication) and other efficacy parameters were assessed through at least 120 hours after administration of chemotherapy. The safety and efficacy of Palonosetron Hydrochloride injection in repeated courses of chemotherapy was also assessed. 

Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy

Two double-blind trials (Study 1 and Study 2) involving 1132 patients compared a single dose of Palonosetron Hydrochloride injection with either a single dose of ondansetron (Study 1) or dolasetron (Study 2) given 30 minutes prior to MEC, including carboplatin, cisplatin ≤ 50 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide < 1500 mg/m2, doxorubicin > 25 mg/m2, epirubicin, irinotecan, and methotrexate > 250 mg/m2. Concomitant corticosteroids were not administered prophylactically in Study 1 and were only used by 4 to 6% of patients in Study 2. The majority of patients in these studies were women (77%), White (65%) and naïve to previous chemotherapy (54%). The mean age was 55 years.

Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy

A double-blind, dose-ranging trial evaluated the efficacy of a single intravenous dose of Palonosetron Hydrochloride injection from 0.3 to 90 mcg/kg (equivalent to < 0.1 mg to 6 mg fixed dose) in 161 chemotherapy-naïve adult cancer patients receiving HEC, either cisplatin ≥ 70 mg/m2 or cyclophosphamide > 1100 mg/m2. Concomitant corticosteroids were not administered prophylactically. Analysis of data from this trial indicates that 0.25 mg is the lowest effective dose in preventing acute nausea and vomiting associated with HEC.

A double-blind trial involving 667 patients compared a single intravenous dose of Palonosetron Hydrochloride injection with a single intravenous dose of ondansetron (Study 3) given 30 minutes prior to HEC, including cisplatin ≥ 60 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide > 1500 mg/m2, and dacarbazine. Corticosteroids were co-administered prophylactically before chemotherapy in 67% of patients. Of the 667 patients, 51% were women, 60% White, and 59% naïve to previous chemotherapy. The mean age was 52 years.

Efficacy Results

Studies 1, 2 and 3 show that Palonosetron Hydrochloride injection was effective in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of MEC and HEC in the acute phase (0 to 24 hours) [Table 5]. Clinical superiority over other 5-HT3 receptor antagonists has not been adequately demonstrated in the acute phase. In Study 3, efficacy was greater when prophylactic corticosteroids were administered concomitantly.

Studies 1 and 2 show that Palonosetron Hydrochloride injection was effective in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat course of MEC in the delayed phase (24 to 120 hours) [Table 6] and overall phase (0 to 120 hours) [Table 7].
The invention relates to a glabridin compound and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of food and medicine. The glabridin complex comprises glabridin clathrate and chitosan. The sulfobutyl-beta-cyclodextrin is adopted to include the glabridin, so that the solubility of the glabridin in water can be improved. The chitosan can be combined with sulfobutyl-beta-cyclodextrin through electrostatic interaction to obtain glabridin complex. The chitosan has slow and controlled release effects on the glabridin clathrate, can improve the mucosa adhesiveness of the glabridin complex, is helpful for opening a cell bypass path, and the formed complex can be taken up by small intestine epithelial cells through endocytosis. The glabridin compound can greatly improve the ability of the glabridin to penetrate through mucous layer on the surface of intestinal epithelium and the transmembrane transport ability of small intestinal epithelial cells, thereby promoting the small intestinal absorption of the glabridin and improving the oral bioavailability of the glabridin.
AIM: This study reviewed the current knowledge and guidelines on managing COVID-19 in children and proposed a practical approach to drug treatment.
METHODS: We analysed international guidelines from four prominent scientific bodies on treating COVID-19 in children. These were the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the American National Institutes of Health, the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Australian National Clinical Evidence Taskforce COVID-19.
RESULTS: Most paediatric patients with COVID-19 only require symptomatic treatment. There was limited evidence on treatment recommendations for children with severe COVID-19 or at risk of disease progression. However, several drugs are available for children and we have summarised the guidelines, in order to provide a concise, practical format for clinicians. All the guidelines agree that nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir or remdesivir can be used as prophylaxis for severe COVID-19 in high-risk patients. Remdesivir can also be used for severe COVID-19 cases. Glucocorticosteroids are recommended, particularly in patients requiring oxygen therapy. Tocilizumab or baricitinib should be reserved for patients with progressive disease and/or signs of systemic inflammation.
CONCLUSION: The guidelines provide useful advice and a degree of consensus on specific drug treatment for children with severe COVID-19 or at risk of progression.
This project consist of two parts: The first part is a randomised controlled study, the second part is an observational study. The randomised controlled study will last six months. Participants will randomly be assigned to one of two groups: Group 1 has immediately access to regulated cannabis in pharmacies; Group 2 has to wait for six months. After six months all participants will have access to regulated cannabis in pharmacies (oberservational study). Every six month participants will be invited to answer online-questionnaires on their cannabis consumption behavior, their mental and physical health. The entire study lasts 2.5 years.
The patients will receive 2 courses of platinum based chemotherapy before surgery, 2-3 weeks after each course, doctors will appraise the effect of the chemotherapy. Patients who are sensitive to the treatment will undergo radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection 3 weeks after chemotherapy. And 2-3weeks after the surgery, patients will receive adjuvant chemotherapy according to the pathological risk factors.
Standard-of-care (SoC) imaging for assessing colorectal polyps during colonoscopy, based on white-light colonoscopy (WLC) and narrow-band imaging (NBI), does not have sufficient accuracy to assess the invasion depth of complex polyps non-invasively during colonoscopy. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a custom endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) probe for assessing colorectal polyps during routine colonoscopy. Patients referred for endoscopic treatment of large colorectal polyps were enrolled in this pilot clinical study, which used a side-viewing OCT catheter developed for use with an adult colonoscope. OCT images of polyps were captured during colonoscopy immediately before SoC treatment. A deep learning model was trained to differentiate benign from deeply invasive lesions for real-time diagnosis. 35 polyps from 32 patients were included. OCT imaging added on average 3:40 min (range 1:54-8:20) to the total procedure time. No complications due to OCT were observed. OCT revealed distinct subsurface tissue structures that correlated with histological findings, including tubular adenoma (n = 20), tubulovillous adenoma (n = 10), sessile serrated polyps (n = 3), and invasive cancer (n = 2). The deep learning model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.984 (95%CI 0.972-0.996) and Cohen's kappa of 0.845 (95%CI 0.774-0.915) when compared to gold standard histopathology. OCT is feasible and safe for polyp assessment during routine colonoscopy. When combined with deep learning, OCT offers clinicians increase confidence in identifying deeply invasive cancers, potentially improving clinical decision-making. Compared to previous studies, ours offers a nuanced comparison between not just benign and malignant lesions, but across multiple histological subtypes of polyps.
Amikacin Sulfate Injection USP is indicated in the short-term treatment of serious infections due to susceptible strains of Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas species, Escherichia coli, species of indole-positive and indole-negative Proteus, Providencia species, Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia species, and Acinetobacter (Mima-Herellea) species.

Clinical studies have shown Amikacin Sulfate Injection USP to be effective in bacterial septicemia (including neonatal sepsis); in serious infections of the respiratory tract, bones and joints, central nervous system (including meningitis) and skin and soft tissue; intra-abdominal infections (including peritonitis); and in burns and post-operative infections (including post-vascular surgery). Clinical studies have shown amikacin also to be effective in serious complicated and recurrent urinary tract infections due to these organisms. Aminoglycosides, including Amikacin Sulfate Injection USP are not indicated in uncomplicated initial episodes of urinary tract infections unless the causative organisms are not susceptible to antibiotics having less potential toxicity.

Bacteriologic studies should be performed to identify causative organisms and their susceptibilities to amikacin. Amikacin may be considered as initial therapy in suspected Gram-negative infections and therapy may be instituted before obtaining the results of susceptibility testing. Clinical trials demonstrated that amikacin was effective in infections caused by gentamicin and/or tobramycin-resistant strains of Gram-negative organisms, particularly Proteus rettgeri, Providencia stuartii, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The decision to continue therapy with the drug should be based on results of the susceptibility tests, the severity of the infection, the response of the patient and the important additional considerations contained in the WARNINGS box above.

Amikacin has also been shown to be effective in staphylococcal infections and may be considered as initial therapy under certain conditions in the treatment of known or suspected staphylococcal disease such as, severe infections where the causative organism may be either a Gram-negative bacterium or a staphylococcus, infections due to susceptible strains of staphylococci in patients allergic to other antibiotics, and in mixed staphylococci/Gram-negative infections.

In certain severe infections such as neonatal sepsis, concomitant therapy with a penicillin-type drug may be indicated because of the possibility of infections due to Gram-positive organisms such as streptococci or pneumococci.

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of amikacin and other antibacterial drugs, amikacin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy.

In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
PURPOSE:The titled pharmaceutical, containing albumin which is a stabilizer in a monoclonal antibody in a specific proportion, useful for detecting mino components in the living body or medical applications as a specific antibody, and having improved storage stability in freeze drying the monoclonal antibody. CONSTITUTION:A stable monoclonal antibody pharmaceutical obtained by incorporating 0.1-10pts.wt. albumin which is a stabilizer in 1pts.wt. monoclonal antibody. An antigen which is an object of the monoclonal antibody is not particularly limited, and hepatitis B antibodies, e.g. HRsAg or HBeAg, and interferon, lymphoblasts, etc. may be used. The inactivation of the monoclonal antibody caused by the freeze drying can be prevented by the addition of the albumin, and the storage stability of the dried pharmaceutical is improved. The ratio of the albumin to be added will not vary with the kind of the monoclonal antibody.
A method and apparatus for extracting pharmacologically active ingredients with increased yield and purity from a cannabis biomass is disclosed. The method comprises providing a raw cannabis biomass containing target compounds for extraction. The raw cannabis biomass may be ground or pulverized to obtain a prepared cannabis biomass. Slurry may be prepared by adding a solvent to the prepared cannabis biomass. The solvent may be selected based on different dielectrics and solvent parameter properties. The slurry may be heated in a continuous flow microwave-assisted extraction apparatus to obtain an extract. The microwave-assisted extraction apparatus may include one or more sensor that may monitor the temperature, pressure, and/or residence time of the slurry. Successively, the spent biomass and the extract may be separated from the slurry. The extract may be treated to obtain a final formulation containing the target compounds in sufficiently high yield and high purity. The spent biomass may be processed to yield less than 0.3% concentration of cannabinoids naturally produced by plants.
Use LIVMARLI Oral Solution 19 mg/mL for the treatment of PFIC.

The two strengths of LIVMARLI, 9.5 mg/mL and 19 mg/mL, should not be substituted for one another when treating PFIC patients. Special attention should be given to the accurate calculation of the dose volume of LIVMARLI. This is especially important for pediatric patients less than 5 years old as LIVMARLI oral solution contains the excipient propylene glycol (364.5 mg/mL) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) and Overdosage (10)].

The recommended dosage is 570 mcg/kg twice daily 30 minutes before a meal. The starting dose is 285 mcg/kg orally once daily in the morning, and should be increased to 285 mcg/kg twice daily, 428 mcg/kg twice daily, and then to 570 mcg/kg twice daily, as tolerated. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 38 mg (2 mL) per day. Refer to the dosing by weight guidelines presented in Table 2.
PURPOSE:To obtain a cosmetic having skin-beautifying effect to prevent the chapped skin, keep the moisture of the skin and make moist skin by using phosvitin which is a main component of yolk protein contained in the avian yolk granule or restricted hydrolyzate of phosvitin as an active component. CONSTITUTION:The objective cosmetic contains phosvitin or its restricted hydrolyzate (preferably having a molecular weight of >=1,000). Phosvitin is a characteristic phosphorylated glycoprotein constituting the main component of yolk protein present in yolk granule, having a molecular weight of about 3,000-40,000, containing serine as about half of the amino acid residues wherein almost all serine units being bonded to phosphoric acid through ester bond and having sugar chain. The amount of the active component is preferably 0.001-10wt.% based on the total cosmetic. The cosmetic has remarkably excellent skin-beautifying effect such as improvement of chapped skin, loss of luster, wrinkles, etc., and the application of moisture by the retension of moisture in the skin. It can be applied without giving undesirable feeling to the skin.
The proposed study will evaluate a new tablet-based dynamic system: the Fittle Senior System (FSS) that will provide: (1) personalized, goal-directed behavior-change programs for improved diet and increased physical activity and (2) online social interaction and support from small teams pursuing similar goals. The system builds on two technology-based systems developed by the investigative team: (1) the computer-based PRISM system (Czaja et al., 2015), designed for older populations to support social connectivity and well-being, and (2) the Fittle mobile platform (PARC) designed to support positive health behavior change through integrated online social support and personalized coaching based on artificial intelligence (AI). The Fittle program is based on Self-efficacy and Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1998, 2001), Goal Setting (Locke \& Latham, 2002) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991). Fittle provides support for individuals and teams to progress through lifestyle challenges (e.g., poor eating habits, sedentary behavior), helping individuals master one health improving habit after another in a way that builds on previous achievements. Individuals choose from a variety of challenges to accomplish goals via an intelligent coaching agent and personalized, engaging user experiences. The objective is to maintain and reinforce perceived self-efficacy with daily goals that are perceived as being achievable, and to improve motivation and ability with goals that are perceived as not too easy. The program provides encouragement and social support through a team component. Thus, Fittle is designed to reinforce and build self-efficacy and positive attitudes.
In a randomized trial of subjects 12 years and older with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, 251 subjects were treated with clobetasol propionate emulsion foam and 126 subjects were treated with vehicle foam. Subjects were treated twice daily for 2 weeks. At the end of treatment, 131 of 251 subjects (52%) treated with clobetasol propionate emulsion foam compared with 18 of 126 subjects (14%) treated with vehicle foam achieved treatment success. Treatment success was defined by an Investigator’s Static Global Assessment (ISGA) score of clear (0) or almost clear (1) with at least 2 grades improvement from baseline, and scores of absent or minimal (0 or 1) for erythema and induration/papulation.
    In an additional randomized trial of subjects 12 years and older with mild to moderate plaque-type psoriasis, 253 subjects were treated with clobetasol propionate emulsion foam and 123 subjects were treated with vehicle foam. Subjects were treated twice daily for 2 weeks. At the end of treatment, 41 of 253 subjects (16%) treated with clobetasol propionate emulsion foam compared with 5 of 123 subjects (4%) treated with vehicle foam achieved treatment success. Treatment success was defined by an ISGA score of clear (0) or almost clear (1) with at least 2 grades improvement from baseline, scores of none or faint/minimal (0 or 1) for erythema and scaling, and a score of none (0) for plaque thickness.
Vertical Oscillatory Pressure (VOP) will be administered with the patient lying prone on a couch. The researcher will place the thumb reinforced with the other thumb on the implicated lumbar vertebra, then apply pressure posterior anteriorly on the spinous process and oscillate for a maximum of 60 seconds. This will be done on each patient in this group twice a week for 6 weeks after an initial assessment both subjective and objective (Egwu et al, 2007).
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the complex interaction between the immune system, related susceptibility loci, autoantigens and various environmental factors. In China, the prevalence is about 0.47%. Current treatment strategies for psoriasis mainly focus on developing new drugs that disrupt IL-23 or IL-17 cytokine, but this targeted therapy is not effective for all patients. A growing body of evidence indicates that psoriasis-related damage is not limited to the skin, but is closely related to coronary heart disease, stroke, metabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease. These comorbidities have, to a certain extent, increased mortality in patients with psoriasis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has always been used to treat patients with psoriasis in China. Blood stasis syndrome is one of the basic syndromes of psoriasis. which accumulates in meridians, viscera and limbs to form a variety of syndromes with psoriasis for a long time and is similar to many metabolic related diseases. Fire needle therapy is one of the traditional Chinese specialty treatments, which has effects of warming yang to expel cold, warming and activating meridian, dispersing stasis and relieving pain. Studies have shown that fire needle therapy of plaque psoriasis in stationary phase is effective, with fewer side effects, and can reduce the recurrence rate. This multicenter, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial will objectively and standardly evaluate the clinical effectiveness, safety and control of recurrence of fire needle therapy to obtain objective evidence of international standards and form clinical norms suitable for popularization and application.
Several studies have demonstrated promising results of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in treating various disorders; however, no mechanistic studies have investigated this technique's neural network and autonomic nervous system effects. This study aims to describe how taVNS can affect EEG metrics, HRV, and pain levels. Healthy subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: the active taVNS group and the sham taVNS group. Electroencephalography (EEG) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) were recorded at baseline, 30 min, and after 60 min of 30 Hz, 200-250 µs taVNS, or sham stimulation, and the differences between the metrics were calculated. Regarding vagal projections, some studies have demonstrated the role of the vagus nerve in modulating brain activity, the autonomic system, and pain pathways. However, more data is still needed to understand the mechanisms of taVNS on these systems. In this context, this study presents methods to provide data for a deeper discussion about the physiological impacts of this technique, which can help future therapeutic investigations in various conditions.
PURPOSE: Cognitive impairment is described in 80% of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. Brain focal areas of T2w increased signal intensity on MRI, the so-called Unidentified Bright Objects (UBOs) have been hypothesized to be related to cognitive dysfunction, although conflicting results are available in literature. Here, we investigated the possible relation between UBOs' volume, cognitive impairment, and language disability in NF1 patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, clinical and MRI data of 21 NF1 patients (M/F = 12/9; mean age 10.1 ± 4.5) were evaluated. Brain intellectual functioning and language abilities were assessed with specific scales, while the analyzed MRI sequences included axial 2D-T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences. These images were used independently for UBOs segmentation with a semiautomatic approach and obtained volumes were normalized for biparietal diameters to take into account for brain volume. Possible differences in terms of normalized UBOs volumes were probed between cognitively affected and preserved patients, as well as between subjects with or without language impairment.
RESULTS: Patients cognitively affected were not different in terms of UBOs volume compared to those preserved (p = 0.35 and p = 0.30, for T2-weighted and FLAIR images, respectively). Similarly, no differences were found between patients with and without language impairment (p = 0.47 and p = 0.40, for the two sequences).
CONCLUSIONS: The relation between UBOs and cognition in children with NF1 has been already investigated in literature, although leading to conflicting results. Our study expands the current knowledge, showing a lack of correlation between UBOs volume and both cognitive impairment and language disability in NF1 patients.