anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Current front-line treatments for Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are ineffective for up to half of patients, with serious medical and societal consequences. It is imperative to improve the efficacy of front-line treatment options, such as cognitive processing therapy (CPT). CPT is an effective treatment for PTSD, including when delivered intensively (i.e., multiple sessions over 7 days). However, a substantial proportion of patients continue to meet criteria for PTSD or have residual PTSD symptoms post-treatment. Psilocybin-assisted CPT may be a potential solution, as preliminary evidence supports the potential of psilocybin to alleviate symptoms of PTSD.

Fifteen participants will receive a single dose of psilocybin 25mg combined with 12 sessions of massed CPT, and 2 psychotherapy sessions related to psilocybin over 7 days. Participants will complete clinician-administered scales, self-reported mental health questionnaires, and use a wearable device. After the 1-week interventional period, participants will enter a 12-weeks follow-up period.
Cellular lysates from purified protein derivative-positive donors have been reported to transfer tuberculin reactivity to na(SqrRoot) ve recipients, but not diphtheria reactivity; similarly, cell lysates from diphtheria-reactive donors appear to transfer diphtheria reactivity without impacting responses to tuberculin. A historically controversial topic, the terms transfer factor and dialyzed leukocyte extract were used to characterize the reactivity-transferring properties of lysates. We found that the cellular extract derived from antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells induces interleukin (IL)-6 from antigen-matched antigen-presenting cells. This ultimately elicits IL-17 from bystander memory CD8+ T cells. We identified that dialyzable peptide sequences, S100a9, and the TCR \<= chain from CD8+ T cells contribute to the molecular nature of this activity. We further showed that extracts from antigen-targeted T cells enhance immunity to Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The observed anti-Candida activity of lysates was enhanced when the cells were taken from individuals with higher-than-average exposure to Candida and correlated with increased numbers of Candida-reactive T-cells. These effects are sensitive to immunization protocols and extraction methodology in ways that may explain past discrepancies in the reproducibility of passive cellular immunity. Work by other groups has revealed that memory CD8+ T cells are also the only cell population enriched in breast milk as compared to an equal volume of peripheral blood. Taken together, it may be that the CD8+ memory T cells in breast milk serve as a mechanism of passive cellular immunity transference from mother to offspring. We thus aim to expand our analysis into the potential that lysates taken from sources with enriched immunity against a given microorganism will induce greater in vivo and mouse model activity compared to lysates from non-immune sources, and that this difference in lysate activity will be directly related to the CD8+ T cell enrichment.

In this study, we will collect blood and/or breast milk samples from donors with known or suspected exposure to pathogens, and also from healthy non-exposed volunteers. Research evaluations of samples will be done for the relevant microbe(s) of interest. The volume of blood taken from lacting mothers will be limited to 20mL or less per visit. Cells may be proliferated, immortalized, lysed and dialyzed, and/or stored. Cellular lysates will subsequently be used in both in vitro and pre-clinical animal models to assess for therapeutic potential.
OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the safety and efficacy of daunorubicin and cytarabine by continuous infusion and PSC 833 in patients over age 56 with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. II. Determine the frequency and severity of toxicities of this regimen in these patients. III. Determine the frequency and prognosis of functional and phenotypic P-glycoprotein expression, cytogenetics, and pharmacokinetics in this population.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients receive induction chemotherapy consisting of PSC 833 IV over 2 hours on day 1, then continuously for 96 hours; daunorubicin IV continuously on days 1-3; and cytarabine IV continuously on days 1-7. Filgrastim (G-CSF) or sargramostim (GM-CSF) is administered subcutaneously (SQ) or IV beginning on day 15 and continuing until blood counts recover or day 21. If patients do not achieve complete remission after one course, a second course is administered. Patients who achieve A1 bone marrow, B1 peripheral blood, and C1 extramedullary disease status after 1 or 2 courses of induction chemotherapy proceed to consolidation therapy, which begins upon recovery from induction therapy. Consolidation therapy consists of PSC 833 over 2 hours on day 1, daunorubicin IV over 1-5 minutes on days 1 and 2, and cytarabine IV continuously on days 1-5. Treatment repeats for a total of 2 courses. Patients are followed every 6 months for 2 years and then annually for 3 years.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 20-55 patients will be accrued for this study within 8-9 months.
Acne fulminans (AF) is a severe form of inflammatory acne commonly associated with adolescents. It is characterized by an abrupt onset of painful nodules and plaques and can progress to suppurative, ulcerative, and hemorrhagic lesions. AF can be associated with systemic symptoms such as fever, arthralgia, and bone pain. The etiology of AF is unknown but it has been linked to the use of certain medications and has been rarely found in autoinflammatory syndromes. In previous years, there have been reports of <200 cases in the literature; however, AF may be more common in clinical practice than reported. The most common presentation of AF is seen in adolescents starting isotretinoin therapy. Diagnosis of AF is determined based on its clinical findings. The main purpose of this article is to provide clinicians with a practical approach to treating AF. Current evidence for its treatment is limited to case reports and case series. The mainstay treatment of AF is a combination of prednisone and isotretinoin. It is important to taper or discontinue any exacerbating or precipitating medications such as isotretinoin, antibiotics, or androgens when AF is identified. Along with treatment of AF, it is important to treat associated scarring. Early identification and treatment of AF in adolescents is crucial to minimize both acute symptoms and long-term scarring, and further research is needed to determine optimal management.
Sweden has had a National Cancer Rehabilitation Programme since 2014. This emphasises that all people with cancer have the right to individualised rehabilitation and that the contact nurse has an important role to play in identifying needs and ensuring evidence-based interventions throughout the cancer process to promote rehabilitation. The needs for optimised rehabilitation vary according to several parameters such as the person's personal circumstances and preferences, social support and type of cancer disease.

Despite this and a growing number evidence within this area cancer rehabilitation is often not integrated in clinical care. The current cancer care focuses on medical and treatment related interventions. It is a challenge for health services to find models to identify and meet the increased need for cancer rehabilitation in a systematic and structured way throughout the cancer process, based on the specific needs of each individual. This study aims to develop and evaluate a model for systematic and evidence-based cancer rehabilitation for people with esophageal and gastric cancer to provide conditions for a better quality of life and fewer cancer-related symptoms.
Early-life stress affects brain development, eventually resulting in adverse behavioral and physical health consequences in adulthood. The present study assessed the hypothesis that short-term early-life stress during infancy before weaning, a period for the maturation of mastication and sleep, poses long-lasting adverse effects on masticatory function and intraoral sensations later in life.Rat pups were exposed to either maternal separation (MS) or intermittent hypoxia (IH-Infancy) for 6 h/day in the light/sleep phase from postnatal day (P)17 to P20 to generate "neglect" and "pediatric obstructive sleep apnea" models, respectively. The remaining rats were exposed to IH during P45-P48 (IH-Adult). Masticatory ability was evaluated based on the rats' ability to chew pellets and bite pasta throughout the growth period (P21-P70). Intraoral chemical and mechanical sensitivities were assessed using two-bottle preference drinking tests, and hind paw pain thresholds were measured in adulthood (after P60).No differences were found in body weight, grip force, and hind paw sensitivity in MS, IH-Infancy, and IH-Adult rats compared with naïve rats. Masticatory ability was lower in MS and IH-Infancy rats from P28 to P70 than in naïve rats. MS and IH-Infancy rats exhibited intraoral hypersensitivity to capsaicin and mechanical stimulations in adulthood. The IH-Adult rats did not display inferior masticatory ability or intraoral hypersensitivity.In conclusion, short-term early-life stress during the suckling-mastication transition period potentially causes a persistent decrease in masticatory ability and intraoral hypersensitivity in adulthood. The period is a "critical window" for the maturation of oral motor and sensory functions.
Pharmaceutical dosage units for steroids contain at least one pharmaceutically active steroid (e.g. progestogens such as norethynyltestosterone or oestrogens such as ethynyloestradiol) and a solvent therefore (pref. an acetoglyceride, an esterified vegetable oil, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or isopropyl myristate) in a soft gelatin capsule. Steroid dosage units (e.g. oral contraceptives) generally contain very small amounts of active ingredient, and it is difficult to produce tablet formulations contg. exactly the required amount of active ingredient. The new dosage units permit accurate and consistent distribution of active ingredient in the liquid phase so that it is relatively simple matter to ensure that each unit contains the required dosage within predetermined tolerance limits. In addition, the soft gelatin capsule formulations give better or more rapid release of active ingredient in artificial gastric juice than is the case with tablets.
Eligible patients will be randomized to colonoscopy with either a 6-minute withdrawal time or a 3-minute withdrawal time. Patients will then undergo colonoscopy. All colonoscopies will be performed by a GI attending (standard of care). The colonoscopy is typically performed under conscious sedation using medications such as fentanyl and midazolam for comfort (standard of care). Occasional patients undergo colonoscopy under general anesthesia. For all patients, advancement of the colonoscope to the cecum will be followed by segmental withdrawal of the colonoscope in each of 3 segments of the examined colon (right side of colon, transverse colon and left side of colon). Following examination of each individual segment, the colonoscope will be readvanced to the proximal end of the segment and a 2 minute withdrawal will be re-performed. For those randomized to the 6-minute withdrawal each segment will be examined over 2 minutes, followed by a "second look" over each segment over 2 minutes by the same endoscopist. For those randomized to the 3-minute withdrawal time, advancement to the cecum will also be followed by segmental withdrawal in each of 3 segments of the examined colon. Each segment will be examined over 1 minute, followed by a "second look" over each segment over 2 minutes by the same endoscopist. All patients will therefore undergo a second look colonoscopy with a 6-minute withdrawal time ('de-facto' standard of care). Polyp/adenoma detection and miss rates will then be calculated and compared between the two groups.
Maintaining metabolic homeostasis is crucial for cellular and organismal health throughout their lifespans. The intricate link between metabolism and inflammation through immunometabolism is pivotal in maintaining overall health and disease progression. The multifactorial nature of metabolic and inflammatory processes makes study of the relationship between them challenging. Homologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae silent information regulator 2 protein, known as Sirtuins (SIRTs), have been demonstrated to promote longevity in various organisms. As nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylases, members of the Sirtuin family (SIRT1-7) regulate energy metabolism and inflammation. In this review, we provide an extensive analysis of SIRTs involved in regulating key metabolic pathways, including glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, we systematically describe how the SIRTs influence inflammatory responses by modulating metabolic pathways, as well as inflammatory cells, mediators, and pathways. Current research findings on the preferential roles of different SIRTs in metabolic disorders and inflammation underscore the potential of SIRTs as viable pharmacological and therapeutic targets. Future research should focus on the development of promising compounds that target SIRTs, with the aim of enhancing their anti-inflammatory activity by influencing metabolic pathways within inflammatory cells.
Hearing Impairment leads to increased listening effort which could result in short and/or long term fatigue. Previous research has shown that people with a hearing loss score higher on fatigue questionnaires than people without a hearing loss. Hearing Aid fitting has been shown to reduce fatigue in an objective measurement study, however no reduction has been shown using subjective measurement. To examine the effect of hearing aid fitting on fatigue a longitudinal study will be conducted. A battery of questionnaires measuring fatigue, listening effort, daily activity, need for cognition and hearing handicap as well as an objective hearing test will be conducted at 4 time points. These time points will be a baseline assessment before hearing aid fitting, 2 weeks after fitting (\~3 months after baseline), 3 months after fitting and 6 months after fitting. A control group with no change in hearing aid status will also be measured at these time points. The study is observational as all participants in the intervention group will already be receiving their first-ever hearing aid as part of their routine audiological care. This study monitors the effect of the hearing aid fitting.

The general hypothesis is that hearing aid fitting will reduce fatigue. More specifically it is expected that fatigue will increase immediately after fitting and then decrease by the 6 month time point. It is also expected that social activity levels will increase after fitting and that individual differences in this activity change will explain some of the differences between participants in rate of change in fatigue. It is predicted that high Need for Cognition and Hearing Handicap scores will increase the amount of change in fatigue for the intervention group. 57 participants will be recruited for each group, each participant being involved in the study for no more than 7 months with the study running for a total of 15 months. The data will be analysed using multi-level analysis.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze differences between screen-detected and non-screen-detected invasive breast cancers by tumour characteristics and age at diagnosis in the nationwide population-based mammography screening program in Sweden.
METHODS: Data were retrieved from the National Quality Register for Breast Cancer for 2008-2017. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the likelihood for a tumour to be screen-detected by tumour characteristics and age group at diagnosis.
RESULTS: In total there were 51,429 invasive breast cancers in the target age group for mammography screening of 40-74 years. Likelihood of screen detection decreased with larger tumour size, lymph node metastases, higher histological grade and distant metastasis. Odds ratios (ORs) for negative oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) were 0.41 and 0.57; for positive HER2, 0.62; for Ki-67 high versus low, 0.49. Molecular sub-types had OR of 0.56, 0.40 and 0.28, respectively, for luminal B-like, HER2-positive and triple negative versus luminal A-like. Adjusting for tumour size (T), lymph node status (N), age, year and county at diagnosis slightly elevated the ORs. Statistically significant interactions between tumour characteristics and age were found (p < 0.05) except for ER and PgR. The age group 40-49 deviated most from the other age groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that screen-detected invasive breast cancers had more favourable tumour characteristics than non-screen-detected after adjusting for age, year and county of diagnosis, and even after adjusting for T and N. The trend towards favourable tumour characteristics was less pronounced in the 40-49 age group compared to the other age groups, except for ER and PgR.
Participants received Deferasirox 30 milligrams per kilogram per day (mg/kg/day) orally once daily (OD), 30 minutes before breakfast, preferably around the same time every morning if possible. Deferasirox tablets were dropped into water or orange juice, or apple juice and stirred until completely dispersed. For doses less than 1 gram (g), tablets were dissolved in at least 100 milliliter (mL) of liquid; for doses of 1 to 3 g, tablets were dissolved in at least 200 mL. After tablets were fully disintegrated, the liquid was promptly consumed.
Smokers handle their packs frequently. Product packaging is a crucial medium by which the tobacco industry communicates product attributes, including reassurances about risk. The industry uses branded imagery on packs to influence consumer perceptions of their product, while at the same time the tobacco control community uses health warning labels to communicate harmful and potentially harmful constituents and risks of tobacco products. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) is a treaty enacted to ensure that every person is informed of the health consequences and addictive nature of tobacco consumption. Article 11 of the treaty requires Parties to implement large, rotating health warnings and urges governments to restrict or prohibit the use of Industry logos, colors, brand images or promotional information on packaging other than brand names and product names displayed in a standard color and font style. Study Objective: To conduct a randomized trial of the effect of cigarette pack design on 450 smokers of popular cigarette brands aged 21-65, who are committed to continue smoking (no intention to quit in the next 6-months). These committed smokers will be randomized to have their cigarettes packaged in one of 3 study arms: a) blank pack design with all marketing materials removed (BP), b) blank pack with a large graphic warning label (AM: Australian model) and c) standard pack with marketing materials intact (ST: US model).
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the addition of surgical ablation to planned mitral valve surgery for patients with persistent or longstanding persistent AF (within 6 months prior to randomization) reduces the incidence of postoperative heart arrhythmia compared to mitral valve repair with medication therapy alone. This is a randomized, multi-center trial which will enroll 260 subjects who will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion to: (a) mitral valve surgery plus surgical ablation or (b) mitral valve surgery without ablation (control group). All patients will undergo ligation or excision of the left atrial appendage. Patients assigned to the ablation group will be further randomized (1:1) to one of two lesion sets: (1) pulmonary vein isolation only or (2) biatrial Maze lesions. The target population for this trial consists of adult patients with mitral valve disease requiring surgical intervention and persistent or longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation. All patients who meet the eligibility criteria may be included in the study regardless of gender, race or ethnicity. The primary efficacy endpoint is freedom from AF, which will be measured by 3-day continuous monitoring at 6 months and 12 months post-ablation. The primary safety endpoint is a composite of death, stroke, serious cardiac events (heart failure, myocardial infarction), cardiac re-hospitalizations, transient ischemic attack, pulmonary embolism, peripheral embolism, excessive bleeding, deep sternal wound infection/mediastinitis, damage to specialized conduction system requiring permanent pacemaker, damage to peripheral structures, such as the esophagus, within 30 days post-procedure or hospital discharge (whichever is later).
Patients in the Educator-Guided intervention condition will receive the same intervention components as those in the Patient-Guided condition; however, the key difference in this condition is that Educator-Guided patients will also receive telephonic support from an experienced clinical social worker in the role of a Transplant Educator to maximally facilitate learning. Telephonic meetings with the Transplant Educator will occur after the mailing of each study module, for a total of four calls, each lasting 20-minutes, totaling 1 hour and 20 minutes. Finally, Patient-Guided and Educator-Guided patients will have the option of enrolling in an educational text messaging service designed to supplement the ET education they are receiving in the mail.