anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
AIMS: To provide real-world data on post-diuretic spot urine sodium concentration (UNa) assessment in acute heart failure (AHF) and its implications for treatment.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Automated query of the electronic medical record identified patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit of a single tertiary care hospital between November 2018 and December 2021, who received intravenous loop diuretics. Detailed manual chart review confirmed the AHF diagnosis. Stratification was performed based on whether post-diuretic UNa was assessed within 24 h of admission. AHF was confirmed in 340/380 identified patients. Post-diuretic UNa was assessed in 117 (34%), more frequently when ejection fraction was reduced and heart failure more advanced. Patients with versus without post-diuretic UNa assessment received higher doses of intravenous loop diuretics and more frequently acetazolamide and thiazide-like diuretics (p < 0.001 for all), resulting in similar urine output despite more advanced heart failure [2,488 mL (1,740-4,033 mL) vs. 2,400 mL (1,553-3,250 mL), respectively; p = 0.170]. Diuretic therapy remained more intense at discharge in the post-diuretic UNa group, with also a higher prescription rate of angiotensin-neprilysin inhibitors (p = 0.021). Serum creatinine increases/decreases were similarly frequent irrespectively from UNa assessment, with more dynamic changes observed in patients with UNa ≤ 80 mmol/L versus ≥ 81 mmol/L. After adjustments for baseline characteristics, the risk for death or heart failure readmission was similar in patients with versus without UNa assessment [HR (95%CI) = 1.43 (0.88-2.32); p = 0.150].
CONCLUSION: Post-diuretic UNa assessment in AHF was associated with more intense diuretic regimens, preserving urine output despite its use in a sicker population.
Includes those involved in any arrangement of daily working hours other than the standard daylight hours, 8 a.m. - 5 p.m. It also includes on-call or casual workers. We will be recruiting 15 shift workers.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To increase the content of a fat-insoluble substance in yeast by kneading sludgy yeast with the fat-insoluble substance. SOLUTION: Yeast is used as a microencapsulating material. This yeast has a sludgy state and is obtd. by removing water around yeast from an yeast slurry such as a sediment in a tank after beer fermentation. A fat-insoluble substance is a relatively low molecular substance having a functional group liable to bond to a water molecule in part of its molecular structure, e.g. an amino acid, an org. acid or saccharides. One or more kinds of such fat-insoluble substances are mixed with sludgy yeast treated with an enzyme and/or an acid if necessary and microencapsulation is carried out by kneading.
As a self-controlled study, "Q-MED" RESTYLANE would be administered on the other side after injected Formaderm. The injection volume was limited to 2c.c.
Prevalence of hypertension in adolescents has increased worldwide and is considered a risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Although obesity and sleep deficiency increase this risk, the combined effects of these factors on hypertension remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the combined effects of obesity and sleep duration on hypertension in adolescents. This study was conducted using data from the 2016 to 2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which included a study population of 1272 adolescents. The participants were categorized into four groups based on sleep duration and body mass index (BMI) percentiles: normal sleep and normal body mass group (reference; normal), only short sleep group (short sleep), only overweight/obesity group (overweight/obesity), and short sleep and overweight/obesity group (short sleep and overweight/obesity). Short sleep duration was defined as <8 h of average sleep duration, and overweight/obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 85th percentile. Hypertension in adolescents was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg. The prevalence of hypertension was 9.2% among Korean adolescents. Short sleep duration with overweight/obesity were associated with a significantly increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio = 6.57; 95% confidence interval: 3.27-13.20) in adolescents, and controlling for the potential confounding variables only partially attenuated this relationship (odds ratio = 5.28; 95% confidence interval: 2.28-12.26). This study demonstrated that the coexistence of short sleep duration and obesity was associated with an increased risk of hypertension in Korean adolescents.
Diverse inflammatory conditions, from infections to autoimmune disease, are often associated with cellular damage and death. Apoptotic cell death has evolved to minimize its inflammatory potential. By contrast, necrotic cell death via necroptosis and pyroptosis-driven by membrane-damaging MLKL and gasdermins, respectively-can both initiate and propagate inflammatory responses. In this review, we provide insights into the function and regulation of MLKL and gasdermin necrotic effector proteins and drivers of plasma membrane rupture. We evaluate genetic evidence that MLKL- and gasdermin-driven necrosis may either provide protection against, or contribute to, disease states in a context-dependent manner. These cumulative insights using gene-targeted mice underscore the necessity for future research examining pyroptotic and necroptotic cell death in human tissue, as a basis for developing specific necrotic inhibitors with the potential to benefit a spectrum of pathological conditions.
FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to otorhinolaryngology, and can be used for therapeutic treatment of medicinal rhinitis formed with underlying nasal decongestant administration. That is ensured by medicamentous and physiotherapeutic treatment. That is followed by acupuncture. Drug therapy is presented by nasal sprays Kvix and Nazonex daily in the course of two months, Kvix by one dose hourly 15 times in the period of wakefulness and Nazonex by one dose at the same time in the morning and in the evening. Physiotherapeutic exposure is magnetic-light-laser therapy with MILTA-F 5-01 apparatus. Method includes exposing at magnetic induction in the terminal aperture center of 20–80 mcl, pulsed laser radiation with wavelength of 0.89 mcm, pulse duration of 130 ns, pulse power 5 W, pulse repetition frequency 600 Hz, continuous LED radiation with wave length 0.95 mcm, average radiation power 50 mWt, exposure 2 minutes after 1 minute, in infrared range of wavelengths of optical spectrum. Exposure covers the nasal wings, the submandibular zones, a projection of the thymus, a spinous process II of 1st cervical vertebra. Total exposure time is 6 minutes daily for 8 days from the beginning of treatment. Acupuncture is performed by exposing the biologically active points of the face, upper extremities, auricles, cervical-collar zone, daily with course of 8 sessions, duration of 25 minutes each. Physiotherapy and acupuncture are carried out on the same days, separated by a time interval of not less than two hours.EFFECT: method provides effective treatment, directed functional recovery of the nasal mucosa, achieving a stable therapeutic effect, nasal breathing recovery with reduced risk of side effects and complications.1 cl, 6 tbl, 2 ex
Ischemic stroke is a serious cerebrovascular condition. Isobavachalcone (ISO) has been documented to exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect across a variety of diseases; however, its protective impact on ischemic stroke remains unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the influence of ISO in both transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (tMCAO/R) rat models and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) cell models. We observed that pretreatment with 50 mg/kg ISO diminished the volume of brain infarction, reduced brain edema, and ameliorated neurological deficits in rats. A reduction in Nissl bodies was noted in the tMCAO/R group, which was reversed following treatment with 50 mg/kg ISO. TUNEL/NeuN double staining revealed a decrease in TUNEL-positive cells in tMCAO/R rats treated with ISO. Furthermore, ISO treatment suppressed the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and BAX, while elevating the expression of BCL-2 in tMCAO/R rats. The levels of CD86 and iNOS were elevated in tMCAO/R rats; conversely, ISO treatment enhanced the expression of CD206 and Arg-1. Additionally, the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β was elevated in tMCAO/R rats, whereas ISO treatment counteracted this effect. ISO treatment also increased the expression of TGF-β and IL-10 in the ischemic penumbra of tMCAO/R rats. It was found that ISO treatment hindered microglial M1 polarization and favored M2 polarization. Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is the downstream target protein of ISO, with ISO treatment resulting in decreased HDAC1 expression in both tMCAO/R rats and OGD/R-induced cells. Overexpression of HDAC1 was shown to promote microglial M1 polarization and inhibit M2 polarization in OGD/R+ISO cells. Overall, ISO treatment mitigated brain damage following ischemic stroke by promoting M2 polarization and attenuated ischemic injury by repressing HDAC1 expression.
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare heterogenous disorder of the peripheral nervous system, which is usually triggered by a preceding infection, and causes a potentially life-threatening progressive muscle weakness1. Although GBS is considered an autoimmune disease, the mechanisms that underlie its distinct clinical subtypes remain largely unknown. Here, by combining in vitro T cell screening, single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, we identify autoreactive memory CD4+ cells, that show a cytotoxic T helper 1 (TH1)-like phenotype, and rare CD8+ T cells that target myelin antigens of the peripheral nerves in patients with the demyelinating disease variant. We characterized more than 1,000 autoreactive single T cell clones, which revealed a polyclonal TCR repertoire, short CDR3β lengths, preferential HLA-DR restrictions and recognition of immunodominant epitopes. We found that autoreactive TCRβ clonotypes were expanded in the blood of the same patient at distinct disease stages and, notably, that they were shared in the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid across different patients with GBS, but not in control individuals. Finally, we identified myelin-reactive T cells in the nerve biopsy from one patient, which indicates that these cells contribute directly to disease pathophysiology. Collectively, our data provide clear evidence of autoreactive T cell immunity in a subset of patients with GBS, and open new perspectives in the field of inflammatory peripheral neuropathies, with potential impact for biomedical applications.
Hepatotoxicity [alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) and total bilirubin greater than 2 times the ULN] has been observed in clinical trials (less than 1% of patients) and postmarketing experience. The hepatotoxicity may be severe and deaths have been reported. Causality of the deaths is uncertain. The hepatotoxicity may occur days to several months after initiation of treatment. Liver function tests (transaminases, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase) should be monitored before initiation of treatment, every 4 to 6 weeks during treatment, and as clinically indicated. If changes in liver function are severe, therapy with TYKERB should be discontinued and patients should not be retreated with TYKERB [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
Group I: 25 patients; no reinforcement (NoR) Observation : Patients would be followed up for any signs of leaks. If any, treatment would be offered appropriataly but the results of treatment are not affiliated as a part in the study.
Nitroglycerin is rapidly absorbed following lingual spray administration. In a pharmacokinetic study when a single 1200 mcg dose (three activations of a 400 mcg dose) of NitroMist was administered to healthy volunteers (n=12), all subjects had detectable trinitroglycerin plasma levels (mean C max 0.8 ng/mL ± 0.7 ng/mL and t max of 8 minutes, range 4 minutes to 15 minutes) beginning at 2 minutes post-dose and higher levels of the 1,2- (mean C max 3.7 ng/mL ± 1 ng/mL and t max 34 minutes ± 21 minutes, range 15 minutes to 90 minutes) and 1,3-dinitroglycerin metabolites (mean C max 1 ng/mL ± 0.3 ng/mL and mean t max 41 minutes ± 20 minutes, range 20 minutes to 90 minutes). 

The volume of distribution of nitroglycerin following intravenous administration is 3.3 L/kg. 

A liver reductase enzyme is of primary importance in the metabolism of nitroglycerin to glycerol di- and mononitrate metabolites and ultimately to glycerol and organic nitrate. Known sites of extrahepatic metabolism include red blood cells and vascular walls. In addition to nitroglycerin, 2 major metabolites, 1,2- and 1,3-dinitroglycerin are found in plasma. The mean elimination half-life of both 1,2- and 1,3-dinitroglycerin is about 40 minutes. The 1,2- and 1,3-dinitroglycerin metabolites have been reported to possess some pharmacological activity, whereas the glycerol mononitrate metabolites of nitroglycerin are essentially inactive. Higher plasma concentrations of the dinitro metabolites, with their nearly 8-fold longer elimination half-lives, may contribute significantly to the duration of pharmacologic effect.

In the above referenced pharmacokinetic study the average initial half-lives (T ½α) of nitroglycerin, and its 1,2- and 1,3-dinitroglycerin metabolites were estimated to be 3 minutes, 10 minutes, and 11 minutes, respectively. The half-life of disappearance of the nitroglycerin (T ½β) (5 minutes) was significantly less than the half-life of appearance (T ½α) of the 1,2- and 1,3-dinitroglycerin metabolites suggesting the possibility of an additional compartment into which the nitroglycerin disappears from plasma prior to being metabolized into the dinitroglycerin metabolites. A second indication of this other compartment is that the appearance of nitroglycerin metabolites in plasma was delayed in some subjects, with zero plasma levels seen for 4 minutes to 6 minutes after dosing. In some subjects, nitroglycerin metabolites appeared only after nitroglycerin C max had been observed.
BACKGROUND: The intricate interplay between genetics and immunology often dictates the host's susceptibility to various diseases. This study explored the genetic causal relationship between natural killer (NK) cell-related traits and the risk of infection.
METHODS: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with NK cell-related traits were selected as instrumental variables to estimate their genetic causal effects on infection. SNPs from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on NK cell-related traits, including absolute cell counts, median fluorescence intensities reflecting surface antigen levels, and relative cell counts, were used as exposure instruments. Summary-level GWAS statistics of four phenotypes of infection were used as the outcome data. The exposure and outcome data were analyzed via the two-sample Mendelian randomization method.
RESULTS: Each one standard deviation increase in the expression level of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR on HLA-DR+ NK cells was associated with a lower risk of pneumonia (P < 0.05). An increased HLA-DR+ NK/CD3- lymphocyte ratio was related to a lower of risk of pneumonia (P  < 0.05). Each one standard deviation increase in the absolute count of HLA-DR+ NK cells was associated with a lower risk of both bacterial pneumonia and pneumonia (P < 0.05). An increased HLA-DR+ NK/NK ratio was associated with a decreased risk of both pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia (P < 0.05). The results were robust under all sensitivity analyses. No evidence for heterogeneity, pleiotropy, or potential reverse causality was detected. Notably, our analysis did not reveal any significant associations between NK cell-related traits and other phenotypes of infection, including cellulitis, cystitis, and intestinal infection.
CONCLUSIONS: HLA-DR+ NK cells could be a novel immune cell trait associated with a lower risk of bacterial pneumonia or pneumonia.
Mechanisms are provided for monitoring treatment of patients. The mechanisms generate a patient registry comprising a plurality of patient registry records, each patient registry record being associated with a corresponding patient and comprising attributes specifying personal and medical information about the corresponding patient. The mechanisms collect, for each patient registry record, treatment data regarding treatment of the corresponding patient. The mechanism analyzes the treatment data to identify successful treatments administered to the corresponding patients. The mechanisms generate one or more cohorts of corresponding patients based on attributes of the patient registry records associated with corresponding patients for which successful treatments were administered. The mechanisms perform at least one patient management operation based on the generated one or more cohorts.
PURPOSE:To provide a plaster containing mugwort leaf as an active component and effective to neuralgia, rheumatism, bruise and sprain. CONSTITUTION:Juice of mugwort leaf is added to a mixture of wheat flour and adlay flour, stirred over a slow fire until the mixture becomes pasty, and mixed with oil and borax. Finally, white liquor (distilled sake) and edible vinegar (for cold pack) are added to the mixture, stirred thoroughly, and poured into a milk can, etc. lined with an aluminum foil while the mixture is still hot. The mixture is cooled with cold water and stored in a freezer. The plaster prepared thereby can be stored at least one year. The mugwort has antiarteriosclerotic, antipyretic, warm-keeping, anti-inflammatory, and skin beautifying effects, etc., and the adlay has anti-inflammatory, diuretic, drainage, analgesic, and nutrient effects, etc. Borax is effective to prevent the oxidation, the white liquor has preservative, warm-keeping and nutrient effects, and the vinegar has preservative, cooling, and alkalinity-enriching actions, etc. The diseases can be cured completely in about 10 days by replacing the plaster once a day. It does not cause the eruption of the skin even by continuing the application for a long period.
Patients will be bilaterally implanted, with the Toric ReSTOR +2.5D model implanted in the dominant eye and the Toric ReSTOR +3.0D model implanted in the non-dominant eye. Patients will self-select for multifocal implantation.
BACKGROUND: Nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage occurs most commonly due to hypertension and is treated nonoperatively. Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm from prior neurosurgical therapy represents a rarely described etiology for intracranial hemorrhage that may require emergent surgical therapy.
CASE REPORT: An elderly female patient was brought to the emergency department with fatigue but no recent trauma. Subsequent computed tomography of the brain revealed a right-sided intraparenchymal hematoma. Her history included burr hole drainage of a subdural hematoma near the site, so additional imaging was performed and revealed an arteriovenous malformation, later discovered on operative findings to be a pseudoaneurysm, as the cause of the current bleeding episode. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Awareness of prior neurosurgical treatment, even including minor procedures, in patients with apparent spontaneous intracranial bleeding should prompt angiographic evaluation for arteriovenous malformation. If found, these lesions are more likely to benefit from surgical treatment.
Participants received single oral dose of Puran T4® 600 micrograms (mcg) (3 tablets of 200 mcg Levothyroxine sodium) in Treatment Period 1 followed by single oral dose of Eutirox® 600 mcg (3 tablets of 200 mcg Levothyroxine sodium) in Treatment Period 2 under fasting conditions. A wash-out period of 70 days was maintained between the Treatment Periods 1 and 2.
Renal fibrosis is the common outcome of practically all progressive forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD), a significant societal health concern. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) 1 is one of key enzymes in glutamine metabolism to catalyze the reversible conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate and ammonia. However, its function in renal fibrosis has not yet been proven. In this study, GDH1 expression was significantly downregulated in kidney tissues of both children with kidney disease and animal models of CKD. In vivo, the use of R162 (a GDH1 inhibitor) significantly improved renal fibrosis, as indicated by Sirius red and Masson trichrome staining. These findings are consistent with the impaired expression of fibrosis indicators in kidneys from both the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) models. In vitro, silencing GDH1 or pretreatment with R162 inhibited the induction of fibrosis indicators in tissue kidney proximal tubular cells (TKPTS) treated with Transforming growth factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1), whereas activating GDH1 worsened TGF-β1's induction impact. Using RNA-sequence, luciferase reporter assays and Biacore analysis, we demonstrated that GDH1 interacts with Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and blocks its transcriptional activity, independent of the protein's expression. Additionally, R162 treatment boosted PPARγ transcriptional activity, and blocking of this signaling pathway reversed R162's protective effect. Finally, we discovered that R162 treatment or silencing GDH1 greatly lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid accumulation. These findings concluded that suppressing GDH1 or R162 treatment could prevent renal fibrosis by augmenting PPARγ transcriptional activity to control lipid accumulation and redox balance.
Mirtazapine tablets are rapidly and completely absorbed following oral administration and have a half-life of about 20 to 40 hours. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within about 2 hours following an oral dose. The presence of food in the stomach has a minimal effect on both the rate and extent of absorption and does not require a dosage adjustment.  
  
Mirtazapine is extensively metabolized after oral administration. Major pathways of biotransformation are demethylation and hydroxylation followed by glucuronide conjugation. In vitro data from human liver microsomes indicate that cytochrome 2D6 and 1A2 are involved in the formation of the 8-hydroxy metabolite of mirtazapine, whereas cytochrome 3A is considered to be responsible for the formation of the N-desmethyl and N-oxide metabolite. Mirtazapine has an absolute bioavailability of about 50%. It is eliminated predominantly via urine (75%) with 15% in feces. Several unconjugated metabolites possess pharmacological activity but are present in the plasma at very low levels. The (-) enantiomer has an elimination half-life that is approximately twice as long as the (+) enantiomer and therefore achieves plasma levels that are about three times as high as that of the (+) enantiomer.  
  
Plasma levels are linearly related to dose over a dose range of 15 to 80 mg. The mean elimination half-life of mirtazapine after oral administration ranges from approximately 20 to 40 hours across age and gender subgroups, with females of all ages exhibiting significantly longer elimination half-lives than males (mean half-life of 37 hours for females vs. 26 hours for males). Steady state plasma levels of mirtazapine are attained within 5 days, with about 50% accumulation (accumulation ratio = 1.5).  
  
Mirtazapine is approximately 85% bound to plasma proteins over a concentration range of 0.01 to 10 mcg/mL.