anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: To synthetize the current scientific knowledge on the use of ultrasound of the male urethra for evaluation of urethral stricture disease. This review aims to provide a detailed description of the technical aspects of ultrasonography, and provides some indications on clinical applications of it, based on the evidence available from the selected prospective studies. Advantages and limitations of the technique are also provided.
METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the Medline and Cochrane databases on October 2022. The articles were searched using the keywords "sonourethrography", "urethral ultrasound", "urethral stricture" and "SUG". Only human studies and articles in English were included. Articles were screened by two reviewers (M.F. and K.M.).
RESULTS: Our literature search reporting on the role of sonourethrography in evaluating urethral strictures resulted in selection of 17 studies, all prospective, even if of limited quality due to the small patients' number (varied from 28 to 113). Nine studies included patients with urethral stricture located in anterior urethra and eight studies included patients regardless of the stricture location. Final analysis was based on selected prospective studies, whose power was limited by the small patients' groups.
CONCLUSION: Sonourethrography is a cost-effective and safe technique allowing for a dynamic and three-dimensional urethra assessment. Yet, because of its limited value in detecting posterior urethral strictures, the standard urethrography should remain the basic 'road-map' prior to surgery. It is an operator-dependent technique, which can provide detailed information on the length, location, and extent of spongiofibrosis without risks of exposure to ionizing radiation.
INTRODUCTION: The opioid receptor mu1 is a protein coding gene that can have different codes for a protein and may have variations (polymorphisms) affecting how opioids work. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the most common opioid receptor mu1 polymorphism (A118G) and any relationship between this polymorphism and features following tramadol overdose.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of patients admitted with tramadol poisoning to an Iranian hospital. These patients were not taking any other drugs or medications and had no history of seizures.
RESULTS: The results showed that among the 83 patients included in the study, 57 (69 per cent) had the AA genotype, 25 (30 per cent) had the AG genotype, and one (1 per cent) had the GG genotype for the opioid receptor mu1 A118G polymorphism. Nausea and/or vomiting occurred in nine (11 per cent) patients and dizziness in 38 (46 per cent) patients. Serious adverse events included seizures in 51 (60 per cent) patients and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation in 21 (25 per cent) patients. However, there was no significant association between the opioid receptor mu1 A118G polymorphism and these adverse events.
DISCUSSION: In our study, the frequency of the A allele was greater than the G allele, and the AA genotype was more prevalent than AG. The GG genotype was the least common among the polymorphisms of opioid receptor mu1 rs1799971. There was no significant association between the opioid receptor mu1 A118G polymorphism and symptoms in tramadol-poisoned patients. Although these allele proportions are similar to the results reported in other Caucasian populations, they are dissimilar to the findings in Chinese and Singaporean populations. In these Asian studies, the predominant allele was the G allele. It has been suggested that a mutated G allele will decrease the production of opioid receptor mu1-related messenger ribonucleic acid and related proteins, leading to fewer mu-opioid receptors in the brain.
CONCLUSIONS: This study found no significant association between the opioid receptor mu1 A118G polymorphism and adverse outcomes in tramadol-poisoned patients. However, more research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions due to the limited evidence and variability of opioid receptor mu1 polymorphisms in different populations.
INTRODUCTION: Ewing's extraosseous sarcoma of the genitourinary system is an extremely rare disease. There are sporadic publications about the genitourinary sarcomas. We present a case of a primitive neuroectodermal pelvic tumor with bladder invasion in a 58-year-old man. Initially, he was admitted with complaints of intense lower abdominal and right lumbar pain, severe dysuria, macrohematuria, weight loss (by 15 kg in 6 months) and general weakness. Previously, a nephrostomy tube was put due the right hydronephrosis. Nephrostomy output was up to 100-150 ml per day, and glomerular filtration rate was estimated within 5 ml/min. According to MRI data, the extra-organ pelvis tumor with bladder invasion along the right posterolateral wall was diagnosed. Cystoprostatectomy, right nephroureterectomy and left ureterocutaneostomy were performed. In the postoperative period, the patient firstly manifested neurological symptoms (paresis). According to the brain CT, two lesions of the right frontal and left parietal regions were found (most likely metastases of the primary tumor). Late admission and disseminated tumor with local invasion and brain metastases, right terminal hydronephrosis, anemia due to pronounced macrohematuria and decrease of the body weight determined an unfavorable outcome.
CONCLUSIONS: Our case report allows us to remind urologists about the presence of orphan oncological diseases with an extremely aggressive course. In-depth diagnosis requires the use of immunohistochemical methods, and the treatment of such patients should be based on a multidisciplinary approach.
Lead-in phase oncologists will complete the BC/WC-GeriOnc communication tool training. Cancer treatment decision-making discussions will be recorded with 2 patients per oncologist and ask patients and oncologists to complete study questionnaires over one-month follow-up and one semi-structured interview about the decision-making process and communication.
Studies show individuals living in residential recovery homes on average make significant improvements in multiple areas of functioning. Residents who achieve and maintain complete abstinence have particularly good outcomes. Residents who relapse after entering the houses have been studied minimally. The current study examined outcomes for 197 residents who relapsed within six months after entering sober living houses (SLHs), which is one type of residential recovery home that is common in California. Despite having relapsed, these residents made significant improvements between entry into the house and 6-month follow-up on measures of percent days abstinent from alcohol and drugs (PDA), psychiatric symptoms, severity of employment problems, and stable housing. Higher recovery capital predicted higher PDA (coefficient = 0.28, SE = 0.09, p = .001) and lower severity of employment problems (coefficient = -0.00, SE = 0.00, p = .007). Recovery capital showed a significant decrease between baseline and 6-month follow-up among persons who relapsed and were no longer living in the house. SLH providers can draw upon social model recovery principles to enhance recovery capital. However, residents should also seek other sources of recovery capital outside the SLH, which may be particularly important for individuals who leave the home.
The overarching goals of the proposed project are threefold. AIM 1: Evaluate the clinical efficacy of tVNS in reducing NSSI and alcohol misuse among vulnerable adolescents. We hypothesize that self-administered tVNS, delivered in 25-minute sessions, will reduce self-reported NSSI and alcohol use, improve adolescents' self-reported emotion regulation, and yield improvements in sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system markers of emotion regulation and vulnerability to NSSI and alcohol misuse. AIM 2: Evaluate treatment adherence compared with traditional psychosocial interventions of similar duration. We hypothesize that adolescents will demonstrate greater treatment adherence than observed in traditional psychosocial interventions of similar duration, and rate tVNS as acceptable, unobtrusive, and favorable to face-to-face treatment. AIM 3: Evaluate maltreatment effects on tVNS. We hypothesize that tVNS will be effective for those with histories of maltreatment.

Although rarely used to date among adolescents, tVNS alters neural and emotional responses to sad stimuli, and among adults, reduces suicide risk up to five years later. At present, it is being evaluated as a treatment for alcohol misuse in a NIH-funded clinical trial. This suggests potential for treating NSSI, alcohol misuse, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and other disorders of emotion dysregulation. As outlined above, we will test the efficacy of tVNS in altering behavioral, emotional, and autonomic nervous system risk for NSSI and alcohol misuse, evaluate adherence and acceptability of tVNS among adolescents, and determine if maltreatment histories moderate treatment response.
Biallelic intronic expansions (AAGGG)exp in intron 2 of the RFC1 gene have been shown to be a common cause of late-onset ataxia. Since their first description, the phenotypes, neurological damage, and pathogenic variants associated with the RFC1 gene have been frequently updated. Here, we review the various motifs, genetic variants, and phenotypes associated with the RFC1 gene. We searched PubMed for scientific articles published between March 1st, 2019, and January 15th, 2024. The motifs and phenotypes associated with the RFC1 gene are highly heterogeneous, making molecular diagnosis and clinical screening and investigation challenging. In this review we will provide clues to give a better understanding of RFC1 disease. We briefly discuss new methods for molecular diagnosis, the origin of cough in RFC1 disease, and research perspectives.
The invention relates to application of Sarcaboside B in preparation of a drug for promoting intestinal peristalsis. The invention discloses the application of Sarcaboside B in preparation of the drug for promoting the intestinal peristalsis. The pharmacological experiment shows that Sarcaboside B has a good effect of promoting the intestinal peristalsis. The application of Sarcaboside B in preparation of the drug for promoting the intestinal peristalsis is disclosed by the invention for the first time. As the skeleton type is brand new and Sarcaboside B has unexpectedly strong activity for promoting intestinal peristalsis, the possibility that any enlightenments are given by other compounds does not exist. Sarcaboside B has prominent substantive features and has remarkable progress when being used for preparation of the drug for promoting the intestinal peristalsis.
Some previous animal model studies reveal that electroacupuncture (EA) applying on specific acupoints, such as Zhongwan and Zusanli acupoint, can reduce plasma glucose levels and encourage insulin secretion, even improve insulin resistance. In this study, we want to observe these results on type II diabetic patients who have been diagnosed in five years under a study design of randomized control trial (RCT) to obtain evidence on clinical.

We undertook a randomized, single blind and sham group controlled study to evaluate the effect of EA with a frequency in 15 Hz and fixed intensity (10 mA) on human Zusanli acupoint. A total of 26 newly diagnostic type II diabetic patients are enrolled in this study. They are randomly divided into 2 groups. There are 13 patients in the experimental group (EG) with EA treatment, and the other 13 patients are divided into control group (CG) with sham treatment. The main outcome is the changes of laboratory parameters between before and 30 minutes after the test.
Management of patients with hematologic malignancies, renal failure or diseases requiring intensive care often necessitates the use of central venous catheters (CVC). Beside obvious advantages CVCs bear a great risk for local or systemic infections. In the US estimated 250 000 catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSIs) occur each year with mortality rates of 12-25%. Diagnosis of CRBSIs remains challenging as systemic clinical signs are unspecific and local signs of infection are often absent. Conventional methods for diagnosing CRBSIs require removal of the CVC. However, only 15% of CVCs removed in patients with clinical suspicion of CRBSI prove to be infected. It has been shown that CRBSI can also be detected by the differential time to positivity (DTP) method without catheter removal. The Gram stain/acridine-orange leukocyte cytospin (AOLC) test and PNA FISH test are another methods for the diagnosis of CRBSI that does not require the removal of the CVC and additionally have shown to be fast. Up to date methods for diagnosis of CRBSI are performed only when CRBSI is clinically suspected. Thus, patients may actually suffer from CRBSI and are at risk to concurrently suffer from or develop complications like endocarditis or septic embolism when diagnostic procedures for the detection of CRBSI are introduced. Since CRBSIs are not entirely preventable by strict hygiene measures earlier diagnosis of CRBSI in subclinical stages is desirable to avoid CRBSI-associated morbidity and mortality. Previously a pilot study showed that Gram stain/AOLC screening of CVCs in neutropenic patients was a useful test to predict the development of CRBSI on average 48 hours before the diagnosis was established by routine measures. In the pilot study Gram stain/AOLC screening test exhibited high specificity whereas sensitivity was moderate. PNA FISH is a specific slide-based staining technique that provides pathogen identification from blood samples containing a given amount of bacteria or fungi within a 1,5 hours. PNA FISH test has a slightly lower detection limit compared to Gram stain/AOLC which might therefore result in higher sensitivity when used as a screening tool. The aim of the project is to investigate a more sensitive and specific test for anticipative diagnosis of CRBSI using biphasic PNA FISH test compared to Gram stain/AOLC test.
The invention relates to a method for colouring pieces of rock, namely marble, by means of the application of a laser beam in order to colour-mark or totally colour the piece of rock. According to the invention, the laser beam interacts with the piece of rock, to which an appropriate colouring is subsequently applied. Diffusion of the pigment in the piece of rock changes its colour in the area affected by the laser. The piece or rock takes on the colour as intensely as desired. The invention enables marble of a lower value to be made more valuable and increases the value of other rocks and allows them to be coloured. This application is mainly intended for the treatment of ornamental rocks.
Hypercholesterolemia is a frequent finding in organ transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive drugs such as tacrolimus. To prevent increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients, co-medication with lipid-lowering statins is recommended. However, treatment with statins is limited in many patients by insufficient cholesterol-lowering efficacy, drug interactions and serious adverse drug reactions (e.g. rhabdomyolysis). These patients may benefit from comedication with the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe. Since tacrolimus and ezetimibe were shown to be substrates of the efflux transporter ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein), drug interactions between both compounds may occur. Therefore, this clinical study in healthy subjects was initiated to evaluate the clinical relevance of drug/drug interactions between tacrolimus and ezetimibe according to the accepted bioequivalence approach.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hot snare polypectomy using blend or coagulation current is widely used; however, it causes deeper tissue heat injury, leading to adverse events. We hypothesized that hot polypectomy using low-power pure cut current (PureCut, effect 1 10 W) could reduce deeper tissue heat injury. We conducted animal experiments to evaluate the deeper tissue heat injury and conducted a prospective clinical study to examine its cutting ability.
METHODS: In a porcine rectum, hot polypectomy using Blend current (EndoCut, effect 3 40 W) and low-power pure cut current was performed. The deepest part of heat destruction and thickness of the non-burned submucosal layer were evaluated histologically. Based on the results, we performed low-power pure cut current hot polypectomy for 10-14 mm adenoma. The primary endpoint was complete resection defined as one-piece resection with negative for adenoma in quadrant biopsies from the defect margin.
RESULTS: In experiments, all low-power pure-cut resections were limited within the submucosal layer whereas blend current resections coagulated the muscular layer in 13% (3/23). The remaining submucosal layer was thicker in low-power pure cut current than in blend current resections. In the clinical study, low-power pure-cut hot polypectomy removed all 100 enrolled polyps. For 98 pathologically neoplastic polyps, complete resection was achieved in 84 (85.7%, 95% confidence interval, 77-92%). The lower limit of the 95% confidence interval was not more than 15% below the pre-defined threshold of 86.6%. No severe adverse events occurred.
CONCLUSIONS: A novel low-power pure-cut hot polypectomy may be feasible for adenoma measuring 10-14 mm. (UMIN000037678).
Inflammation of the small airways contributes to the severity of the disease and affects the quality of life of patients with asthma. However, the exact role and relevance of small airways disease in asthma is still unclear. This is partly due to the difficulty of measuring small airways pathology with a sensitive and specific parameter. The most commonly used variable as an indicator of small airway obstruction is the FEF50%. Currently, it is not known which clinical symptoms are associated with small airways disease and how a patient will perceive small airway abnormalities. This knowledge is important to assess small airways disease in patients with asthma and adjust therapy to improve quality of life.The primary purpose of this study is to develop a questionnaire for patients with asthma with and without small airways disease for general and specialist practice.
Participants receive no neoadjuvant prior to surgery. Following surgical resection, high risk participants receive standard of care radiotherapy plus cisplatin 100 mg/m\^2 by IV infusion on Day 1 Q3W for three 21-day cycles as adjuvant therapy. Following surgical resection, low risk participants receive standard of care radiotherapy as adjuvant therapy.
This study investigates the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibition on bone and immune cell profiles in aged female mice, as well as in vitro stromal stem cell osteogenic differentiation and inflammation gene expression. The hypothesis was that inhibition of PPARγ would increase bone mass and alter immune and other cellular functions. Our results showed that treatment with PPARγ antagonist GW9662 for 6 weeks reduced bone volume and trabecular number and increased trabecular spacing. However, inhibition of PPARγ had no significant effect on marrow and spleen immune cell composition in aged female mice. In vitro experiments indicated that GW9662 treatment increased the expression of osteogenic genes but did not affect adipogenic genes. Additionally, GW9662 treatment decreased the expression of several inflammation-related genes. Overall, these findings suggest that PPARγ inhibition may have adverse effects on bone in aged female mice.
Marfan Syndrome (MFS) is a rare autosomal-dominant connective tissue disorder with pleiotropic manifestations primarily affecting the skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular systems. Despite MFS affecting multiple organ systems, cardiovascular manifestations are the most serious and life threatening. Approximately 80% of adult MFS patients will have a dilated aortic root by age 40 years with aortic aneurysm and dissection the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, requiring lifelong cardiac surveillance. Since diagnosis is made on average at 19 years old and life expectancy has increased considerably from 32 years in the 1970s, to 41 years in the 1990s and is now comparable to the general population (with the introduction of prophylactic aortic surgery), MFS patients have to live knowing that at least one major heart surgery is required in the patients' lifetime. Further, from the researchers' clinical experience, not all individuals with MFS perceived their cardiovascular conditions as treatable. Hence, the impact of knowing that they have aortovascular manifestations may be more striking than in other age and sex-matched cardiac surgical population. To date, there is still no available study assessing the impact of this diagnosis on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychosocial aspect of MFS patients.

The overarching aim of the study is to explore the psychosocial and HRQoL effects of the diagnosis for aorto-vascular manifestations of MFS in three large UK cardiac centres. This will be achieved using a mixed-method approach consisting of two studies. Study 1 (S1) is a quantitative observational exploratory study while Study 2 (S2) is a qualitative exploratory study using semi-structured interviews to identify factors important to patients that are not captured in the questionnaires used in S1. Potential participants will be recruited from the aortopathy clinic. HRQoL and psychosocial factors will be determined and quantified using validated questionnaires which will be delivered either in paper or electronic format, depending on participants' preference.

The outcome of the study will contribute to the UK and international evidence-base on the HRQoL and psychosocial impact of the diagnosis of aortovascular manifestations on MFS patients. The result will also be useful to better understand the condition and potentially guide the researchers in devising a patient care pathway that includes this aspect of care as well as develop a holistic and comprehensive service for this patient group.
Dexmedetomidine infusion, without a bolus dose, (or a comparable volume of placebo) will be initiated before the surgical incision at a rate of 0.1 mcg/kg/hr at the end of bypass, the dose will be increased to 0.2 mcg/kg/hr. Postoperatively patients will continue to receive the study medication at a rate of 0.4mcg/kg/hr. The study medication infusion will be continued for a total of 24 hours from the initial administration time intra-operatively.