anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The burden of chronic liver disease is globally increasing at an alarming rate. Chronic liver injury leads to liver inflammation and fibrosis (LF) as critical determinants of long-term outcomes such as cirrhosis, liver cancer, and mortality. LF is a wound-healing process characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins due to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In the healthy liver, quiescent HSCs metabolize and store retinoids. Upon fibrogenic activation, quiescent HSCs transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts; lose their vitamin A; upregulate α-smooth muscle actin; and produce proinflammatory soluble mediators, collagens, and inhibitors of ECM degradation. Activated HSCs are the main effector cells during hepatic fibrogenesis. In addition, the accumulation and activation of profibrogenic macrophages in response to hepatocyte death play a critical role in the initiation of HSC activation and survival. The main source of myofibroblasts is resident HSCs. Activated HSCs migrate to the site of active fibrogenesis to initiate the formation of a fibrous scar. Single-cell technologies revealed that quiescent HSCs are highly homogenous, while activated HSCs/myofibroblasts are much more heterogeneous. The complex process of inflammation results from the response of various hepatic cells to hepatocellular death and inflammatory signals related to intrahepatic injury pathways or extrahepatic mediators. Inflammatory processes modulate fibrogenesis by activating HSCs and, in turn, drive immune mechanisms via cytokines and chemokines. Increasing evidence also suggests that cellular stress responses contribute to fibrogenesis. Recent data demonstrated that LF can revert even at advanced stages of cirrhosis if the underlying cause is eliminated, which inhibits the inflammatory and profibrogenic cells. However, despite numerous clinical studies on plausible drug candidates, an approved antifibrotic therapy still remains elusive. This state-of-the-art review presents cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in hepatic fibrogenesis and its resolution, as well as comprehensively discusses the drivers linking liver injury to chronic liver inflammation and LF.
About four years have passed since the detection of the first cases of COVID-19 in China. During this lethal pandemic, millions of people have lost their lives around the world. Since the first waves of COVID-19 infection, various pharmacotherapeutic agents have been examined in the management of COVID-19. Despite all these efforts in pharmacotherapy, drug repurposing, and design and development of new drugs, multiple organ involvement and various complications occurred during COVID-19. Some of these complications became chronic and long-lasting which led to the "long COVID" syndrome appearance. Therefore, the best way to eradicate this pandemic is prophylaxis through mass vaccination. In this regard, various vaccine platforms including inactivated vaccines, nucleic acid-based vaccines (mRNA and DNA vaccines), adenovirus-vectored vaccines, and protein-based subunit vaccines have been designed and developed to prevent or reduce COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality rates. In this focused review, at first, the most commonly reported clinical presentations of COVID-19 during these four years have been summarized. In addition, different therapeutic regimens and their latest status in COVID-19 management have been listed. Furthermore, the "long COVID" and related signs, symptoms, and complications have been mentioned. At the end, the effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines with different platforms against early SARS-CoV-2 variants and currently circulating variants of interest (VOI) and the necessity of booster vaccine shots have been summarized and discussed in more detail.
The invention involves improving the cultivation of T cells by incubating them with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) pentanoate after isolation from peripheral blood. The effect is that the cells are activated and the production of effector molecules is increased. This increases the chances of success of tumor therapy. This is5 illustrated by T-cells from mice that are transferred to mice with subcutaneous pancreatic tumors after the procedure. This type of cell treatment can be transferred to humans and the improved treatment of pancreatic cancer. We show in detail that the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) pentanoate enhances the function of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). We show that Pentanoate promotes the core molecular signature of murine CD8+ CTLs. Pentanoate enhances anti-tumor activity of antigen-specific CTLs. Bacterial- derived SCFAs exhibit specific HDAC class I inhibitory activity. Pentanoate- producing bacteria enhance CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses.
Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Adult Hypertension  
Olmesartan medoxomil has been evaluated for safety in more than 3,825 patients/subjects, including more than 3,275 patients treated for hypertension in controlled trials. This experience included about 900 patients treated for at least 6 months and more than 525 for at least 1 year. Events generally were mild, transient and had no relationship to the dose of olmesartan medoxomil.   


Analysis of gender, age and race groups demonstrated no differences between olmesartan medoxomil and placebo-treated patients. The rate of withdrawals due to adverse reactions in all trials of hypertensive patients was 2.4% (i.e. 79/3,278) of patients treated with olmesartan medoxomil and 2.7% (i.e. 32/1,179) of control patients. In placebo-controlled trials, the only adverse reaction that occurred in more than 1% of patients treated with olmesartan medoxomil and at a higher incidence versus placebo was dizziness (3% vs. 1%).

Facial edema was reported in five patients receiving olmesartan medoxomil. Angioedema has been reported with angiotensin II antagonists. 

Pediatric Hypertension 

No relevant differences were identified between the adverse experience profile for pediatric patients aged 1 to 16 years and that previously reported for adult patients.
An imaging history display system and method is disclosed comprising diagnostic and patient summary interfaces for displaying, comparing and managing medical images. Imaging history display system displays studies in two interface modes in response to commands received from a user workstation. Display entities are displayed on display areas within display entity boxes that are defined by display entity layouts. Contextual summaries of display entities are provided in the patient summary interface to facilitate accurate and exhaustive diagnoses. Contextual summaries are generated in part based on pre-determined relevancy information. Display entities are easily organized in the patient summary interface. Display entities are easily activated in the diagnostic interface for diagnostic and comparison purposes.
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is characterized by the pathologic formation of mature lamellar bone in muscle and soft tissue. It presents clinically with localized pain, reduced motion, and swelling. The process of HO occurs due to abnormal tissue repair, and most commonly occurs in young adults. Significant predisposing factors include total hip arthroplasty (THA), fractures, spinal cord and traumatic brain injuries, and thermal injuries. The overall incidence of HO is up 42% to 57% after THA, and the incidence of extensive HO post THA is 2% to 7%. Certain patient and surgical-related factors have been associated with an increased risk of HO. Patient aspects include a history of Paget's disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and hypertrophic osteoarthritis; surgical factors include the use of cemented implants and prolonged time of ischemia. Post-operative celecoxib use has been associated with a significant lower incidence of HO compared to controls. Furthermore, among COX-2 selective inhibitors, celecoxib has been associated with the lowest incidence of HO.

This study looks at patients who have been referred to our orthopaedic clinic and undergone cementless total hip joint replacement surgery through a retrospective review of our pre-existing departmental database. All the data from all patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be collected from our database. Specifically, the age, gender, BMI, pre-operative diagnosis, post operative radiotherapy, preoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), post-operative PROMs, operative characteristics, and complications. Data from the available PROMs database will need to be converted into a manageable format that is suitable for data analysis. This study looks at the Harris Hip Score, the UCLA Activity Score, and SF-12 PROMs that are collected from each patient as standard of care. Descriptive statistics and para/nonparametric statistics will be used to analyze the data through IBM SPSS software platform for statistical analysis. The independent student t-test and multivariable logistic regression analysis will be used to examine outcome measures.
An incontinence detection system includes an incontinence detection pad for placement beneath a person to be monitored. The incontinence detection pad has a passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. A reader is provided and a plurality of antennae is coupled to the reader. The reader includes a bistatic radio frequency (RF) switch matrix which is operable to establish a first antenna of the plurality of antennae as a transmit antenna that is used to wirelessly energize the passive RFID tag and to establish a second antennae of the plurality of antennae as a receive antenna that is used to read backscattered data that may be emitted from the passive RFID tag. The first and second antennae are situated in respective housings that are spaced apart from each other. An arrangement of first and second electrodes on an electrical sheet of an incontinence pad is also provided.
Subjects randomized to the operative treatment arm will undergo transtibial medial meniscus root repair within 3 weeks of enrollment. All surgically treated subjects, regardless if repairs were performed acutely or after cross over, will receive identical postoperative rehabilitation.
Single session of 15-min HD-tDCS to the right primary motor cortex with an intensity of 1 mA. The session will last approximately one hour.
RARE CASES OF SEVERE LIVER INJURY, INCLUDING CASES WITH FATAL OUTCOME, HAVE BEEN REPORTED DURING TREATMENT WITH LEFLUNOMIDE. MOST CASES OF SEVERE LIVER INJURY OCCUR WITHIN 6 MONTHS OF THERAPY AND IN A SETTING OF MULTIPLE RISK FACTORS FOR HEPATOTOXICITY (liver disease, other hepatotoxins). (See PRECAUTIONS.)

At minimum, ALT (SGPT) must be performed at baseline and monitored initially at monthly intervals during the first six months then, if stable, every 6 to 8 weeks thereafter. In addition, if leflunomide and methotrexate are given concomitantly, ACR guidelines for monitoring methotrexate liver toxicity must be followed with ALT, AST, and serum albumin testing monthly.

Guidelines for dose adjustment or discontinuation based on the severity and persistence of ALT elevation are recommended as follows: For confirmed ALT elevations between 2- and 3-fold ULN, dose reduction to 10 mg/day may allow continued administration of leflunomide under close monitoring. If elevations between 2- and 3-fold ULN persist despite dose reduction or if ALT elevations of >3-fold ULN are present, leflunomide should be discontinued and cholestyramine or charcoal should be administered (see PRECAUTIONS: General: Need for Drug Elimination) with close monitoring, including retreatment with cholestyramine or charcoal as indicated.

In clinical trials, leflunomide treatment as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate was associated with elevations of liver enzymes, primarily ALT and AST, in a significant number of patients; these effects were generally reversible. Most transaminase elevations were mild (≤ 2-fold ULN) and usually resolved while continuing treatment. Marked elevations (>3-fold ULN) occurred infrequently and reversed with dose reduction or discontinuation of treatment. Table 8 shows liver enzyme elevations seen with monthly monitoring in clinical trials US301 and MN301. It was notable that the absence of folate use in MN302 was associated with a considerably greater incidence of liver enzyme elevation on methotrexate.

In a 6 month study of 263 patients with persistent active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate therapy, and with normal LFTs, leflunomide was added to a group of 130 patients starting at 10 mg per day and increased to 20 mg as needed. An increase in ALT greater than or equal to three times the ULN was observed in 3.8% of patients compared to 0.8% in 133 patients continued on methotrexate with placebo added.
The invention relates to an HCV E2 recombinant protein, a monoclonal antibody for resisting the HCV E2 protein, a preparation method and application thereof. The invention utilizes HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 to express in a correct spatially folded conformation in eukaryotic systems. A mouse monoclonal cell line is established by a cell fusion technology, and is characterized by a method of determining antibody subtype by Western blot, immunofluorescence detection and the like. Finally, epitope regions are determined from the reaction of the truncated protein fragments with mAbs. The 3-strain monoclonal antibody established by the invention has the advantages of high affinity, strong specificity and the like, the identified 3B cell epitopes are reported for the first time, are positioned in a non-hypervariable region of E2 protein, are highly conserved in a plurality of strain sequences, and are potential application targets of HCV diagnostic reagents. The invention has important value for HCV diagnosis and research and development of polypeptide vaccine through determination of E2 protein structural domain immunodominant epitope region.
OBJECTIVES: The relationship between volar fragment size and postoperative volar tilt loss in complete articular distal radius fracture is not well known. In this study, we measured precise radiological parameters to help identify other factors that might contribute to volar tilt loss.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the radiological examinations and charts of 256 patients with distal radial fracture who underwent volar locking plate fixation between March 2014 and July 2022. Radiological parameters were measured based on preoperative CT and immediate postoperative radiographs. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify relevant factors associated with volar tilt loss following volar locking plate fixation. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to identify the cutoff value of the independent parameters.
RESULTS: On univariate analysis, 2 radiologic parameters on preoperative CT (volar fragment length at the lunate fossa, and teardrop angle) and 4 on immediate postoperative X-ray (radial inclination, radial length, capitate shift, and volar tilt) were significantly associated with postoperative volar tilt loss. On multivariate linear regression analysis, the risk of volar tilt loss increased as the capitate moved toward the back of the radial shaft. The cut-off for anteroposterior length in the lunate fossa was 6.5 mm.
CONCLUSIONS: AO/OTA type-C distal radius fractures with <6.5 mm anteroposterior length in the lunate fossa had significantly higher rates of malunion with dorsal deformity. In addition, preoperative teardrop angle <37.2 ° and immediate postoperative volar tilt <3.7º are also predictors of postoperative volar tilt loss.
The puerperium is a critical phase for women , not only does it have a significant impact on the mental and physical health of fresh mothers, but it can also be one of the most stressful moments in a woman's life .Serious psycho- social problems, including fatigue, depression, and stress, have been reported that occurred during the postpartum period. As a result, postpartum psychological problems can affect the new mother's ability to care for children and affect her quality of life. Sleep problems, such as poor sleep quality and sleep disturbance, often occur in perinatal and postnatal women.Studies have shown that non- pharmacological interventions for postoperative pain reduce pain intensity. One of these non-pharmacological methods is the diaphragm breathing method (DBE).DBE, also known as Diaphragmatic Breathing or Deep Breathing, is an effective holistic mind body workout for coping with stress and physical and mental conditions.Postpartum fatigue is considered the foremost common issue that postnatal ladies stand up to when they move to motherhood.postpartum fatigue is described as sentiments of fatigue,suffocation and diminishes in physical and mental capacity.

This study will be a randomized clinical trial. Sample will be collected through convenient sampling technique.Randomization will be done through lottery method and patients will be divided into two groups. Group A will receive both aerobic exercises and diaphragmatic breathing exercise. Exercise programs will consist of 1 set of contractions per day and each set will include 30 repetitions for 6 weeks. Exercise protocol consist of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity every week dividing the 150 minutes into 30-minute workouts on 5 days of the week or into smaller 10-minute sessions throughout each day will be carried out for 6 weeks.Group B will receive only diaphragmatic breathing exercise. Exercise programs will consist of 1 set of contractions per day and each set will include 30 repetitions for 6 weeks. Data will be collected before and after treatment .data will be analyzed through SPPS 25.
Patients have a mammography performed by themselves according to auto-compression procedure. The radiologist leads the compression at a minimum threshold of 40 Newton, then leaves the control of the compression to the patient. The radiologist treats only the positioning of the breast on the sensor.
Patients will be imaged on a 1.5 T or 3 T MR scanner. Patients will receive a test-retest DWI scan in on session prior to start of treatment. Patients who will be receiving radiation therapy treatment at Memorial Sloan Kettering's main campus, will also be imaged weekly during their course of treatment.
The Dose-Escalation Cohort will consist of the Pretreatment Phase, the Treatment Phase, the Extension Phase, Discontinuation and Follow-up. The Pretreatment Phase will include a Consent and Screening Period. The Treatment Phase will consist of the Lead in Period and first 21-day cycle of treatment during which subjects will be monitored for the development of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) following 1 week of washout. The Extension Phase will start from the start of Cycle 2 with intra-subject dose-escalation performed until discontinuation of study treatment. Upon discontinuation of study treatment, discontinuation visit assessments should occur within 7 days of treatment discontinuation or confirmation of discontinuation criteria. End of treatment information will also be collected for all subjects who discontinue treatment after completion of cycle 1 treatment. Follow-up visit/final visit evaluations will be performed 28 (±5 days) days after the last rSIFN-co administration. The decision to undergo dose-escalation to the next dose level will be based on the safety information obtained during Cycle 1.

Dose escalation in solid tumors utilizing a "3+3" design with intra-subject dose escalation. 4 dose levels of rSIFN-co are planned for determining the RD. 3-6 subjects will be assigned to each dose level and followed up for 4 weeks after starting administration in Cycle 1. Each cohort will be started after the tolerability of that dose level has been confirmed in subjects with advanced solid tumors. For subjects starting in the lower dose cohorts, intra-subject dose escalation will be allowed till grade 3/4 toxicity is encountered or highest dose level (after safety and tolerability are confirmed) TIW is reached. In order to minimize the risk of allergic reactions, the sponsor has advised a lead-in period starting from 15μg. When the tolerability of each dose level has been confirmed by the observation of no DLT among 3 subjects, escalation to the next dose level will occur.

The Expansion Cohort will be initiated at the RD. Depending on the RD, the lead in period will occur accordingly. After the lead in period, a period from Cycle 1 to the final administration will be performed as the Treatment Phase during which subjects will undergo a standardized evaluation for the safety and efficacy of rSIFN-co at the RD. If subjects are discontinued from the study treatment, discontinuation visit assessments should occur within 7 days of last rSIFN-co administration or confirmation of discontinuation criteria. End of treatment information will also be collected for all subjects who discontinue treatment after completion of cycle 1 treatment. Follow-up evaluations will be performed 28 days (±5 days) after the last rSIFN-co administration.
Prostate cancer is in Germany with approximately 25% of all cancers the most common cancer among man. Assumably there will be an increase in prostate cancer in the next few years because of demographic factors. The progressive metastatic prostate cancer often develops an androgen resistance. This so-called Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) is not responsive to androgen deprivation therapy. Depending on symptoms and progression first-line chemotherapy - docetaxel and abiraterone are available.

Intermittent fasting as a form of caloric restriction has been studied most extensively experimentally in recent years. It showed consistent beneficial effects on relevant inflammatory and oncological pathways. In the field of preclinical oncology research groups have recently focused on intermittent fasting with chemotherapeutic treatment and promising experimental data have been published. In summary, the combination of fasting and chemotherapy was more effective in various cancer animal models than chemotherapy alone.
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine contains epinephrine, a vasoconstrictor that can cause local or systemic toxicity and should be used cautiously. Local toxicity may include ischemic injury or necrosis, which may be related to vascular spasm. Articaine HCl and Epinephrine should be used with caution in patients during and following the administration of potent general anesthetic agents, since cardiac arrhythmias may occur under such conditions. Patients with peripheral vascular disease and those with hypertensive vascular disease may exhibit exaggerated vasoconstrictor response.

The American Heart Association has made the following recommendation regarding the use of local anesthetics with vasoconstrictors in patients with ischemic heart disease: "Vasoconstrictor agents should be used in local anesthesia solutions during dental practice only when it is clear that the procedure will be shortened or the analgesia rendered more profound. When a vasoconstrictor is indicated, extreme care should be taken to avoid intravascular injection. The minimum possible amount of vasoconstrictor should be used." (Kaplan, 1986).

It is essential to aspirate before any injection to avoid administration of the drug into the blood stream.