anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Atrial fibrillation (AF), classified as nonvalvular (NVAF) in the absence of rheumatic mitral stenosis or valvular prosthesis,is the most common arrhythmia, with an estimated prevalence of 1.5-2%. AF is associated with a greater risk of arterial thromboembolic events, especially cerebrovascular, whose incidence is 5-7 times higher. The risk of death is also doubled, and AF has a greater degree of disability and probability of recurrence than stroke due to other causes. To prevent stroke in patients with NVAF, antithrombotic treatments are employed with oral anticoagulants such as vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and, in a number of circumstances, antiplatelet agents. Although VKA (mainly warfarin) are highly effective to reduce the risk of stroke, and have been the sole choice for stroke prevention during the last 50 years, their use is limited for a number of reasons: narrow therapeutic range, drug and food interactions, need for monitoring, and risk of bleeding. Recently, new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been marketed for this indication. The aim of this study was to determine the standard clinical practice followed in the treatment to prevent stroke in patients with NVAF in Turkey. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the current status of the clinical background of AF patients and to follow, analyze and evaluate patients with AF in a large multicenter nation-wide trial. The primary inclusion criteria will be age ≥18 years and with electrocardiographically confirmed NVAF (eg, by electrocardiogram, Holter monitoring, etc). The enrollment of patients will be started in February 2014. All the participating institutions will enroll all consecutive patients with NVAF under regular outpatient care or under admission.
The WHO recently published a Tobacco Knowledge Summary (TKS) synthesizing current evidence on tobacco and COPD, aiming to raise awareness among a broad audience of health care professionals. Furthermore, it can be used as an advocacy tool in the fight for tobacco control and prevention of tobacco-related disease. This article builds on the evidence presented in the TKS, with a greater level of detail intended for a lung-specialist audience. Pulmonologists have a vital role to play in advocating for the health of their patients and the wider population by sharing five key messages: (1) Smoking is the leading cause of COPD in high-income countries, contributing to approximately 70% of cases. Quitting tobacco is an essential step toward better lung health. (2) People with COPD face a significantly higher risk of developing lung cancer. Smoking cessation is a powerful measure to reduce cancer risk. (3) Cardiovascular disease, lung cancer and type-2 diabetes are common comorbidities in people with COPD. Quitting smoking not only improves COPD management, but also reduces the risk of developing these coexisting conditions. (4) Tobacco smoke also significantly impacts children's lung growth and development, increasing the risk of respiratory infections, asthma and up to ten other conditions, and COPD later in life. Governments should implement effective tobacco control measures to protect vulnerable populations. (5) The tobacco industry's aggressive strategies in the marketing of nicotine delivery systems and all tobacco products specifically target children, adolescents, and young adults. Protecting our youth from these harmful tactics is a top priority.
Dental bleaching is a temporary treatment with potential adverse effects on dental sensitivity post-procedure. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate dental color stability and sensitivity over a one-year period following bleaching, utilizing one of four desensitizing agents: PAMAM, MI Paste Plus, Hydroxyapatite and F (ReminPro), and Ultra EZ. The selection of the desensitizing agent was based on a predetermined randomization sequence generated in Microsoft Excel. Color stability was objectively assessed through spectrophotometric analysis, while subjective evaluation was conducted using the Vita Classic shade guide by two external observers not involved in the procedure. Dental sensitivity levels were tracked at various intervals using a visual analogue scale. Baseline measurements for both sensitivity and color stability were taken before the bleaching procedure, with subsequent evaluations at 24 hours, 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 1 year post-bleaching. The study involved 60 patients from Ain Shams University seeking dental whitening treatment, divided into four groups based on the randomization sequence.
The invention includes a tooth whitening elongated member and method for using the member along with other apparatus and compounds. The member comprises a hermetically sealed frangible container holding a tooth whitening solution. The frangible container is enclosed in a flexible vial with a closed end and an open end. The open end of the vial contains wicking applicator material. A safety sleeve may be provided. The applicator material is applied to the teeth to whiten them. The teeth are then rinsed. The next step in the whitening process involves applying a polishing compound using a portable hand-held polishing machine which includes a rotary polishing tip. After polishing is completed, the polishing tip is removed from the polishing machine and cleaned with water. The polishing machine is then dried and the polishing tip reinstalled. The whitening solution, polishing compound, and rinsing solution may include stabilized oxygen and colostrum.
BACKGROUND: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is one of the most severe childhood-onset epileptic encephalopathies, primarily characterized by tonic seizures. In clinical practice, we have identified various subtypes of tonic seizures in LGS. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, electrographic features, treatment responses, and prognosis across different subtypes of LGS.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 46 patients diagnosed with LGS at our center between January 2017 and January 2020. Patients were classified into four groups based on tonic seizure subtypes: Group A (tonic), Group B (spasm-tonic), Group C (myoclonic-tonic), and Group D (combination of spasm-tonic and myoclonic-tonic). Comprehensive clinical data were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS: Of the 46 patients, 33 were male. The mean age of onset for Group B (12.38 ± 7.85 months) was significantly less than those of the other three groups (P = 0.02). No significant differences in etiology were found among the groups. Genetic analysis identified mutations in SCN8A, MCCC2, STXBP1, GABRB3, and CACNA1H. After a minimum follow-up of 24 months, the treatment outcomes were more favorable in Groups A and C, whereas psychomotor development was notably poorer in Groups B and D.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that LGS may present with distinct subtypes of tonic seizures, with spasm-tonic seizures presenting at an earlier age. Patients with LGS experiencing spasm-tonic seizures, with or without myoclonic-tonic seizures, exhibited poorer treatment responses and psychomotor development than those with other subtypes.
Alosetron is a potent and selective 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist. 5-HT 3 receptors are ligand-gated cation channels that are extensively distributed on enteric neurons in the human gastrointestinal tract, as well as other peripheral and central locations. Activation of these channels and the resulting neuronal depolarization affect the regulation of visceral pain, colonic transit, and gastrointestinal secretions, processes that relate to the pathophysiology of IBS. 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists such as alosetron inhibit activation of non-selective cation channels, which results in the modulation of the enteric nervous system. 

The cause of IBS is unknown. IBS is characterized by visceral hypersensitivity and hyperactivity of the gastrointestinal tract, which lead to abnormal sensations of pain and motor activity. Following distention of the rectum, patients with IBS exhibit pain and discomfort at lower volumes than healthy volunteers. Following such distention, alosetron reduced pain and exaggerated motor responses, possibly due to blockade of 5-HT 3 receptors.
Create an algorithm to manage one or multiple genes (and multiple levels of cascading genes that must also be turned on or off (activate) or are turned on or off (activate) by the initial levels of genes being turned on or off) from same group associated t o a desired trait. To isolate this specific network may take analyzing a few to 1,000s of genes . We could use cloning techniques to produce the muscle tissue, nerves (neurons), any specialized cells of subjects possessing trait and not possessing the trait. Then: 1. We could search for genes in one tissue culture where the trait is presen t versus the genes where the tissue culture trait is not present. Checking where the grou p of associated genes are turned on or off and the opposite where the trait is present one a nd not present in the other. We could use micro arrays to speed up the process. 2. We use micro arrays to the genes in the 1000's at time, to see if turning off or on one gene has a (i) a direct effect on the trait or (ii) if other genes (are turned on or off (activate) by the change in the first gene - precursor) in the associated group has a cascadin g effect on other genes that are then responsible for effecting the trait. We might also want to check if there is a feedback loop, where the process might cascade backwards. (iii) Multiple genes might have to be turned off and/or (activate/deactivating) on at the same time to attain the desired trait. (iv) Turning on or off a gene which may block or unblock the effect o f another gene's capability to (through turning on or off this gene - activate/deactivating) affect/impact the targeted trait (last line; GV + JW). 3. While testing these genes it may be a good idea (i) to be on the lookout for other (useful - such as similar hereditary disease cures) traits that may be impacted/affect s by any of the genes in the network being turned on or off (activate). (ii) Traits may also impacted/affects that were not initially targeted but are nonetheless targeted. (iii) Finally the gene may have an effect that is difficult to observe or the gene may just do nothing. 4. We are considering using epigenetic drugs to turn or off these genes or other forms of gene therapy also genetic engineering cloning for DNA nucleus stem cells. We also plan to study how enzymes, density cells nearby, cells (cell to cell signalling) hormones and proteins (bis peptides), Ligase (ase's), grafting and manipulating of nucleotide or nucleotide networks, that can work in conjunction to impact cell and its functioning to cure hereditary diseases and alter genes of bacteria/viruses (antibiotic resistant or virulent strains) that are a threat to the human body's health. 5. Once we have identified the gene schematics that control the trait, we ca n stay on top of this associated group of genes (for example in the case of antibiotic resistant and virulent bacteria/viruses to check this associated group if any new mutations emerge again in the future).(JW)
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent B-cell neoplasm characterised by multistep evolution from premalignant precursor cells carrying the hallmark t(14;18) translocation in the majority of cases. In a new article in The Journal of Pathology, samples of relapsed early-stage FL - primary manifestation and relapse with or without transformation - initially treated with radiotherapy only, were studied for clonal relationships and evolution. Using somatic mutations and the rearranged immunoglobulin sequences as markers, the majority of paired lymphoma samples showed so-called branched evolution from a common, possibly premalignant progenitor cell, with both shared and private mutations. In addition, clonally unrelated cases were identified. This and previous studies with similar findings clearly document that relapse or transformation of FL in many instances not necessarily represents a linear progression of disease due to acquisition of additional mutations and therapy resistance, but rather new outgrowths derived from a pool of clonally related, long-lived, and low proliferating precursor cells, or even unrelated second neoplasms. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Dispensers for expelling liquids, in particular for expelling pharmaceutical liquids, are known, which have a housing (20) with an expelling opening (22) and a liquid reservoir (30) for storing the liquid prior to expelling. The dispensers also have a ventilation channel (40) by means of which the surrounding atmosphere is connected to the liquid reservoir (30) in order to allow air to flow from the atmosphere into the liquid reservoir (30) after the liquid has been discharged. For this purpose, the distributor is provided with a detection device (50) for detecting the discharge process, which is designed to detect the air flowing through the ventilation channel (40). It is also proposed that the dispenser (10) has a protective cover (14) for covering the outlet opening (22), which can be fitted onto the housing (20) and removed from the housing (20). The dispenser (10) has an opening and closing valve (42) in the ventilation channel (40), which can be opened by actuating an opening and closing surface (43) provided on the outside of the housing. The protective cover (14) is designed to act on the switching surface (43) and thus open the switching valve (42) in the state of being mounted on the housing (20) or when the protective cover (14) is mounted.
The dive response, or the 'master switch of life', is probably the most studied physiological trait in marine mammals and is thought to conserve the available O2 for the heart and brain. Although generally thought to be an autonomic reflex, several studies indicate that the cardiovascular changes during diving are anticipatory and can be conditioned. The respiratory adaptations, where the aquatic breathing pattern resembles intermittent breathing in land mammals, with expiratory flow exceeding 160 litres s-1 has been measured in cetaceans, and where exposure to extreme pressures results in alveolar collapse (atelectasis) and recruitment upon ascent. Cardiorespiratory coupling, where breathing results in changes in heart rate, has been proposed to improve gas exchange. Cardiorespiratory coupling has also been reported in marine mammals, and in the bottlenose dolphin, where it alters both heart rate and stroke volume. When accounting for this respiratory dependence on cardiac function, several studies have reported an absence of a diving-related bradycardia except during dives that exceed the duration that is fuelled by aerobic metabolism. This review summarizes what is known about the respiratory physiology in marine mammals, with a special focus on cetaceans. The cardiorespiratory coupling is reviewed, and the selective gas exchange hypothesis is summarized, which provides a testable mechanism for how breath-hold diving vertebrates may actively prevent uptake of N2 during routine dives, and how stress results in failure of this mechanism, which results in diving-related gas emboli.
The dosage of Niraparib in phase 2 will be determined by the response of patients in Phase 1. A dosage of Niraparib 200 mg will be given along with Trastuzumab 6 mg/kg IV unless a dose limiting toxicity occurs in Phase 1. If so, Niraparib 100 mg will be given with Trastuzumab 6 mg/kg (instead of Niraparib 200 mg).
BACKGROUND: Containment measures slowed the spread of COVID-19 but led to a global economic crisis. We establish a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that balances disease control and economic activities.
METHODS: To train the RL agent, we design an RL environment with 4 semi-connected regions to represent the COVID-19 epidemic in Tokyo, Osaka, Okinawa, and Hokkaido, Japan. Every region is governed by a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Quarantined-Removed (SEIQR) model and has a transport hub to connect with other regions. The allocation of the synthetic population and inter-regional traveling is determined by population-weighted density. The agent learns the best policy from interacting with the RL environment, which involves obtaining daily observations, performing actions on individual movement and screening, and receiving feedback from the reward function. After training, we implement the agent into RL environments describing the actual epidemic waves of the four regions to observe the agent's performance.
RESULTS: For all epidemic waves covered by our study, the trained agent reduces the peak number of infectious cases and shortens the epidemics (from 165 to 35 cases and 148 to 131 days for the 5th wave). The agent is generally strict on screening but easy on movement, except for Okinawa, where the agent is easy on both actions. Action timing analyses indicate that restriction on movement is elevated when the number of exposed or infectious cases remains high or infectious cases increase rapidly, and stringency on screening is eased when the number of exposed or infectious cases drops quickly or to a regional low. For Okinawa, action on screening is tightened when the number of exposed or infectious cases increases rapidly.
CONCLUSIONS: Our experiments exhibit the potential of the RL in assisting policy-making and how the semi-connected SEIQR models establish an interactive environment for imitating cross-regional human flows.
Joint pain is a common ailment among adults in the United States. In 2014, an estimated 14.6 million Americans with arthritis suffered from severe joint pain. It is therefore unsurprising that many topical ointments are currently marketed for joint pain relief including Bengay®, Icy Hot®, Jointflex®, and Aspercreme®. These ointments aim to reduce pain often through a combination of analgesic ingredients include capsaicin, salicylates, menthol, camphor, and lidocaine. Bengay® products, for instance, contain one or more of menthol, camphor, salicylates, and lidocaine. Icy Hot® products contain menthol, while some also include lidocaine.

Yeahhh Baby! ointment is an herbal (botanical: plant-based) treatment for those impacted by joint pain. The product contains a variety of herbal ingredients that have been touted by some within the alternative medicine community as "healing agents." The product started selling in 2016 and is available commercially as an all-natural alternative to other commercially available products. This ointment consists primarily of coconut oil (98%), with magnesium and small amounts of herbal ingredients (tanner's bark, slippery root, sweet weed, velvet plant, walnut hulls, kidney root, green ginger, Indian pink, mad dogweed, and nigella seed) thought to reduce inflammation and to promote tissue healing.

The present study will compare the impact of the Yeahhh Baby! Ointment, as compared to a placebo, on measures of joint pain and discomfort in those who regularly experience joint pain. The hypothesis is that perceived pain will be reduced when subjects use the Yeahhh Baby! Ointment. Previous studies exploring the efficacy of topicals on joint pain relief have used a similar design and similar joint pain assessments as employed herein (The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index \[WOMAC\] and visual analog scale \[VAS\] for pain).
FIELD: chemistry; biochemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to biotechnology and is meant for treating CD20 expressing tumours. A CD20 antibody molecule merged with a IL2 molecule is disclosed. The antibody contains modified variable parts of a heavy and a light chain. Disclosed also is a pharmaceutical composition for treating a CD20 expressing tumour, which contains a merged polypeptide of the CD20 antibody, as well as a DNA molecule which codes the said merged polypeptide. ^ EFFECT: invention enables to lower immunogenicity of the modified anti-CD20 antibody compared to unmodified molecules and increase anti-tumour activity with respect to CD20. ^ 15 cl, 17 dwg, 3 tbl, 8 ex
Eligible patients with receive intervention: frozen fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), kept at -20 oC and will be thawed prior to administration. Patients on antibiotic to control CDI will discontinue antibiotic 24 hours prior to FMT.
The standard surgical procedure for abdominal hernia repair with conventional prosthetic mesh still results in a high recurrence rate. In the present study, we propose a fibroblast matrix implant (FMI), which is a three-dimensional (3D) poly-L-lactic acid scaffold coated with collagen (matrix) and seeded with fibroblasts, as an alternative mesh for hernia repair. The matrix was seeded with fibroblasts (cellularized) and treated with a conditioned medium (CM) of human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUC-MSC). Fibroblast proliferation and function were assessed and compared between treated with CM hUC-MSC and untreated group, 24 h after seeding onto the matrix (n= 3). To study the matricesin vivo,the hernia was surgically created on male Sprague Dawley rats and repaired with four different grafts (n= 3), including a commercial mesh (mesh group), a matrix without cells (cell-free group), a matrix seeded with fibroblasts (FMI group), and a matrix seeded with fibroblasts and cultured in medium treated with 1% CM hUC-MSC (FMI-CM group).In vitroexamination showed that the fibroblasts' proliferation on the matrices (treated group) did not differ significantly compared to the untreated group. CM hUC-MSC was able to promote the collagen synthesis of the fibroblasts, resulting in a higher collagen concentration compared to the untreated group. Furthermore, thein vivostudy showed that the matrices allowed fibroblast growth and supported cell functionality for at least 1 month after implantation. The highest number of fibroblasts was observed in the FMI group at the 14 d endpoint, but at the 28 d endpoint, the FMI-CM group had the highest. Collagen deposition area and neovascularization at the implantation site were observed in all groups without any significant difference between the groups. FMI combined with CM hUC-MSC may serve as a better option for hernia repair, providing additional reinforcement which in turn should reduce hernia recurrence.