anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: To compare the dentofacial characteristics of children with and without adenoid and/or tonsillar hypertrophy.
METHODS: A consecutive sample of orthodontic patients aged 6-12 that took pre-treatment lateral cephalograms were included in this study. Those with history of previous orthodontic treatment, adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy, or craniofacial anomalies were excluded. The diagnosis of adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy was based on Fujioka's and Baroni's methods, according to which the subjects were divided into four groups: the adenoid hypertrophy only (AHO) group; tonsillar hypertrophy only (THO) group; combined adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy (AH+TH) group; and no adenoid or tonsillar hypertrophy (NH) group. Cephalograms were used for skeletal and dental measurement. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, LSD post-hoc tests and Chi-square test.
RESULTS: A total of 598 patients were included. Compared with the NH group, the THO group had significantly larger SNB angle (P < 0.001), as well as significantly smaller ANB angle (P<0.001) and Wits value (P = 0.001). The U1-L1 angle of AHO group was significantly smaller than that in the NH group (P = 0.035). The proportion of adenoid hypertrophy in Class II patients was significantly higher than that in Class III patients (P = 0.001). The proportion of tonsillar hypertrophy in Class III patients was significantly higher than that in Class I patients (P < 0.001) and Class II patients (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Over 80 % of children seeking orthodontic treatment had either adenoid or tonsillar hypertrophy. Children with adenoid hypertrophy tend to have skeletal Class II malocclusion, while those with tonsillar hypertrophy tend to have skeletal Class III malocclusion.
Population shift towards healthier lifestyles can help reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), therefore understanding and monitoring the lifestyle-related risk factors are crucial for setting up effective preventive strategies and disease management. The present study aimed to explore the changes in prevalence of DM and major risk factors including smoking, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, as well as body mass index (BMI) over three waves of European Health Interview Survey, and to investigate the association between risk factors and presence of DM across 11 European Union member states. Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the association between risk factors and DM, adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic variables. The estimated age-standardized prevalence of DM increased from 7.01% in 2009 to 7.96% in 2019, with substantial increase in subgroups with higher BMI and unhealthy lifestyle including physically inactive people, or current smokers. Obesity and overweight and physical inactivity were significantly associated with DM in all survey waves. Our findings underline that obesity prevention and weight loss promotion along with physical activity promotion are the subject of lifestyle interventions to reduce the burden of DM in EU member states.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can lead to intestinal injury, endotoxemia, and disturbance of intestinal flora. Additionally, as a crucial component of the endocannabinoid system, some studies have demonstrated that cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors are closely linked to the multiple organ dysfunction triggered by OSA. However, the role of the CB1 receptor in alleviating OSA-induced colon injury remains unclear. Here, through the construction of the OSA classic model, we found that the colon tissue of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced mice exhibited an overexpression of the CB1 receptor. The results of hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy revealed that inhibition of the CB1 receptor could decrease the gap between the mucosa and muscularis mucosae, alleviate mitochondrial swelling, reduce microvilli shedding, and promote the recovery of tight junctions of CIH-induced mice. Furthermore, CB1 receptor inhibition reduced the levels of metabolic endotoxemia and inflammatory responses, exhibiting significant protective effects on the colon injury caused by CIH. At the molecular level, through western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques, we found that inhibiting the CB1 receptor can significantly increase the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin proteins, which are closely related to the maintenance of intestinal mucosal barrier function. Through 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) determination, we found that inhibition of the CB1 receptor increased the diversity of the microbial flora and controlled the makeup of intestinal flora. Moreover, butyric acid concentration and the amount of SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, were both markedly elevated by CB1 receptor inhibition. The results of the spearman correlation study indicated that Lachnospiraceae showed a positive association with both ZO-1 and Occludin but was negatively correlated with the colon CB1 receptor, IL-1β, and TNF-α. According to this study, we found that inhibiting CB1 receptor can improve CIH-induced colon injury by regulating gut microbiota, reducing mucosal damage and promoting tight junction recovery. KEY POINTS: •CIH leads to overexpression of CB1 receptor in colon tissue. •CIH causes intestinal flora disorder, intestinal mucosal damage, and disruption of tight junctions. •Inhibition of CB1 receptor can alleviate the colon injury caused by CIH through regulating the gut microbiota, reducing mucosal injury, and promoting tight junction recovery.
Humans have the remarkable ability to integrate information from different senses, which greatly facilitates the detection, localization and identification of events in the environment. About 466 million people worldwide suffer from hearing loss. Yet, the impact of hearing loss on how the senses work together is rarely investigated. Here, we investigate how a common sensory impairment, asymmetric conductive hearing loss (AHL), alters the way our senses interact by examining human orienting behaviour with normal hearing (NH) and acute AHL. This type of hearing loss disrupts auditory localization. We hypothesized that this creates a conflict between auditory and visual spatial estimates and alters how auditory and visual inputs are integrated to facilitate multisensory spatial perception. We analysed the spatial and temporal properties of saccades to auditory, visual and audiovisual stimuli before and after plugging the right ear of participants. Both spatial and temporal aspects of multisensory integration were affected by AHL. Compared with NH, AHL caused participants to make slow, inaccurate and unprecise saccades towards auditory targets. Surprisingly, increased weight on visual input resulted in accurate audiovisual localization with AHL. This came at a cost: saccade latencies for audiovisual targets increased significantly. The larger the auditory localization errors, the less participants were able to benefit from audiovisual integration in terms of saccade latency. Our results indicate that observers immediately change sensory weights to effectively deal with acute AHL and preserve audiovisual accuracy in a way that cannot be fully explained by statistical models of optimal cue integration.
Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is used as part of tuberculosis (TB) control strategies in most of the world outside of the United States and constitutes the most widely implemented vaccination strategy worldwide. However, despite widespread use of BCG, TB remains a leading infectious cause of death worldwide and it is estimated that one-third of the world's population is chronically and asymptomatically (latently) infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of TB. This is a phase I, single-center, randomized, vaccine trial including six double-blind, placebo-controlled groups and one open-label group. Approximately 68 (up to 80) healthy male and female subjects 18-40 years old, inclusive, who are negative for QuantiFERON®-TB Gold and human immunodeficiency virus will be enrolled. The expected total duration of the volunteer enrollment, vaccination, and follow-up (volunteer participation) for this study is 30 months. All volunteers are expected to be enrolled over a period of 9 months and on study for 24 months. Detailed immune studies with frozen samples will be expected to continue after collection of all samples and after the protocol has been completed. Eligibility will be determined by volunteer's health at prescreening and eligible subjects will give study specific main study informed consent for enrollment in the study. Subjects randomized to Groups A-F will receive, at Day 0 and 1 year later, BCG intradermally, orally, or by both routes. PBS (PO) and Sauton medium (injectable) placebo will be used to blind the study. Subjects randomized to Group G will receive BCG intradermally at Day 0 only. The primary study objectives are the assessment of the safety of combined and individual intradermal (ID) and oral (PO) vaccination with Statens Serum Institut (SSI) BCG in healthy, immunologically naïve volunteers; comparisons of mycobacteria-specific interferon-gamma responses and mucosal immunoglobulin-A induced by SSI BCG vaccination given intradermally, orally and by both routes combined; and comparison of safety and immunogenicity of Danish and Connaught BCG given intradermally. The secondary study objectives are the assessment of purified protein derivative skin test responses as an indication of cutaneous T cell trafficking after vaccination with SSI BCG; and quantitation of BCG replication in Sanofi Pasteur ID BCG ulcerative lesions after ID BCG vaccination. The exploratory study objectives are comparisons of intracellular killing activity induced by SSI BCG vaccination given intradermally, orally, and by both routes combined; and characterization of mycobacteria-specific T cells induced intradermally, orally, or both routes by vaccination with SSI BCG using dendritic cells as antigen-presenting cells and stored peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a source for matched T cells collected before and after vaccination. Parent protocol to sub-study 12-0110 and 10-0026.
OBJECTIVE: Executive dysfunction is characteristic of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) but can be challenging to detect. Dispersion-based intraindividual variability (IIV-d) is hypothesized to reflect a sensitive index of executive dysfunction and has demonstrated relevance to functional decline but has not been evaluated in bvFTD.
METHOD: We report on 477 demographically matched participants (159 cognitively healthy [CH], 159 clinical Alzheimer's disease [AD], 159 clinical bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD) who completed the Uniform Data Set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery. IIV-d was measured using the coefficient of variance (CoV; raw and demographically adjusted) across 12 Uniform Data Set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery indicators and the informant-rated Functional Activities Questionnaire assessed daily functioning.
RESULTS: Analysis of covariance showed that participants in the bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD group exhibited higher raw and demographically adjusted CoV compared to CH participants, at a very large effect size (d = 1.28-1.47). Demographically adjusted (but not raw) CoV was lower in the bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD group than the AD group, though the effect size was small (d = .38). Both CoV metrics accurately differentiated the bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD and CH groups (areas under the curve = .84), but not bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD and AD groups (areas under the curve = .59). Regression analyses in the bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD group indicated that higher IIV-d on both metrics was associated with greater daily functioning impairment, over and above covariates.
CONCLUSIONS: Compared to healthy adults, individuals with bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD show greater levels of performance variability across a battery of neuropsychological measures, which interferes with everyday functioning. These data demonstrate the clinical utility and ecological validity of IIV-d in bvFTD/prodromal bvFTD, though these findings should be replicated in more diverse samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Caudal blocks are one of the most commonly performed regional anesthetics in children and are performed daily for a host of infra-umbilical surgical procedures. A caudal block is an epidural injection, most commonly of local anesthetic into the epidural space as accessed via the sacral hiatus. In children, the sacral hiatus is a normally occurring aperture in which the epidural space may be accessed with extremely minimal risk; as neural tissue ends more proximally. Due to this measure of safety, caudal blocks are preferred in children when compared with standard lumbar epidurals. Caudal blocks are performed blindly using palpation and tactile feedback to assess if the medication is being administered in the correct location. As a result of blind injection, administration of local anesthetic totally or partially outside of the correct site can often be unnoticed or identified after a significant volume has already been injected. With the potential for toxicity of local anesthetic, this may result in either the inability to give a complete dose or an unintentional and often unnoticed sham block "incorrect site of injection".

Use of ultrasound has been proposed for identification of caudal block placement and correct medication spread. However, a recent review of the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network database reveals that ultrasound is reportedly only used in less that 3% of blocks. The benefit of ultrasound is safe and real-time confirmation of injection. Ultrasound allows the provider to determine with minimal local anesthetic or even saline injection if the correct space is accessed. Without ultrasound, failed blocks are either identified after significant percentage of the total dose of local anesthetic is incorrectly administered or intra or post operatively when the patient demonstrates a significant opioid requirement. This is problematic given that one of the primary benefits of a caudal block in children is the ability to avoid opioids.

Review of local practice here at Texas Children's Hospital for quality improvement purposes revealed a failure rate of caudal blocks to be 18%. Failure was defined as a heart rate increase with incision of \>20% despite a caudal block and \>1MAC of gas for the patient age. These patients all required opioids both intra and post operatively in addition to surgical levels of inhaled anesthetic agent.
All subjects complete the Levenson Psychopathy Scale first. Arm 2 then presents the control stimulus (nature video) after playing the first AlAn's Short Game v.2 (session 1). Participants will then play the AlAn's Short Game v.2 (session 2) for a second time and then fill out an Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACES), Social Connectedness survey, and Demographics form.
The intervention group will receive capacity building sessions on the 'Promotion of a biodiverse diet' and will include both Agriculture and Nutrition topics, in addition to access to routine health and nutrition checks, and agriculture extension as offered by commune and provincial staff as normal. 5 Sessions will be held in each village over 12 months.
The invention proposes an agent for the treatment of tumor diseases, for example the multiple myeloma, said agent acting upon NK cells through the activation of an anti-tumor immune response after stimulation of the NKp30 receptor and the natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR). Said agent contains in an acceptable carrier material a physiologically effective amount of the BAT3 protein and/or BAT3/antiCD138 or BAT3-specific antibodies or derivatives of these substances. According to the principle identical to that adopted for the BAT3/anti-CD138 protein the invention may also be used for the treatment of CD138-negative tumors. For this purpose the antiCD138 component with an antibody fragment is replaced by an optional tumor antigen and the respective agent is used for the therapy of tumors expressing this tumor antigen. Moreover, the invention also proposes the use of recombinant BAT3 protein or a BAT3 fragment without anti-body-based fusion component for the treatment of malignant diseases by activating NKp30 and NCR on NK cells. Finally, the invention relates to the use of BAT3 cDNA for in-vivo and/or ex-vivo introduction of BAT3 into tumor cells leading to an improved detection by NK cells in the immunotherapy of malignant diseases.
Group A (PMC standard-dose): patients will receive two oral doses of sodium picosulphate plus magnesium oxide and citric acid (Picoprep), each diluted in 150 ml of water, at 17:00 and 4 hours later in the evening prior to the colonoscopy (¼ sachet for children \< 6 years, ½ sachet for children 6-12 years, and one sachet for children \>12 years). Intake of at least 40-50 ml/kg (maximum 2 L) of clear fluids (cold tea, gatorade etc..) will be recommended after each dose. The age-adjusted dosage is dictated by the instructions of the manufacturing company. No solid food intake will be allowed during the 24 hours prior to the examination according to the instructions of the manufacturing company.
The patient, who was taken to the operating table with his consent, will be monitored. ECG monitoring, SpO2 monitoring, invasive artery monitoring will be performed. General Anesthesia will be applied(Induction with 2 mg/kg propofol, 0.6mg/kg rocuronium bromide, 2µcg/kg fentanyl, 2MAC sevoflurane + 40% air mixture and maintenance with 2L/min) Routine coronary artery bypass grafting surgery will be performed without any peripheral blocking and LIMA blood flow will be measured.
Study design is a nonblinded randomized controlled comparison study of pediatric patients presenting to the UCSF Emergency Department (ED) with upper respiratory infection (URI) symptoms for which the ED physician has recommended supportive care only (ie. non-prescription symptom relief). Subjects will be randomized into 2 groups: handheld humidifier group (FDA cleared medical device that uses distilled water) \& control group. Both groups may use any supportive modalities desired such as over-the-counter cold medications (OTCs), room air humidifier etc. Follow up surveys will be obtained on days 1 and 2 following the ED visit to assess whether then intervention (use of handheld humidifier) improved symptom scores or reduced the use of OTC medications or room humidifier.
Accurate cell type annotation in single-cell RNA-sequencing data is essential for advancing biological and medical research, particularly in understanding disease progression and tumor microenvironments. However, existing methods are constrained by single feature extraction approaches, lack of adaptability to immune cell types with similar molecular profiles but distinct functions and a failure to account for the impact of cell label noise on model accuracy, all of which compromise the precision of annotation. To address these challenges, we developed a supervised approach called scMMT. We proposed a novel feature extraction technique to uncover more valuable information. Additionally, we constructed a multi-task learning framework based on the GradNorm method to enhance the recognition of challenging immune cells and reduce the impact of label noise by facilitating mutual reinforcement between cell type annotation and protein prediction tasks. Furthermore, we introduced logarithmic weighting and label smoothing mechanisms to enhance the recognition ability of rare cell types and prevent model overconfidence. Through comprehensive evaluations on multiple public datasets, scMMT has demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in various aspects including cell type annotation, rare cell identification, dropout and label noise resistance, protein expression prediction and low-dimensional embedding representation.
The invention discloses a method for preventing a disease of a tortoise. During breeding, the tortoise is affected by water quality, feed, climate and environment, thereby suffering low disease resistance, skin diseases and internal diseases. According to the traditional method of feeding western chemical drugs, residues of the western chemical drugs are prone to staying in the body of the tortoise. The method includes adopting technical measures such as extracting traditional Chinese medicines, preparing the tortoise feed, feeding the tortoise and maintaining the water quality; feeding the tortoise with a mixture prepared from traditional Chinese medicine extraction and the feeds, so as to improve body resistance of the tortoise; applying the tortoise with povidone iodine to prevent and cure the skin diseases of the tortoise; and applying the tortoise with whitewash to prevent the tortoise from stress reaction after raining. According to the method, several key points during feeding the tortoise are effectively controlled, and the body resistance of the tortoise is strengthened, the feeding environment is improved, and the stress reaction of the tortoise disappears. Therefore, healthy growth of the tortoise is guaranteed, and feeding survival rate of the tortoise is improved.
PURPOSE: A method for treating Parkinson's disease by controlling VDAC1 protein is provided to prevent mitochondria malfunction and to basically treat Parkinson's disease. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for treating Parkinson's disease contains an agent for controlling VDAC1(voltage-dependent anion channel 1) protein. The agent is a drug which suppresses mRNA of VDAC1. The agent is asiatic acid. The agent is mitochondria calcium influx inhibitor, Ru360. A method for treating Parkinson's disease comprises a step of administering an agent for controlling VDAC1 to an individual.
Diagnostic criteria: 1.Acute onset；2.FiO2/ PaO2\< 40.0 kPa (300mmHg, ALI); 3.Chest X-ray showed that the double lung texture increased, the increase of crude, fuzzy, visible diffuse patchy infiltration shadow with compensatory emphysema, for the most early performance; B. double lung field large sheet, asymmetric, edge fuzzy infiltration shadow, the most dense in the lung；4. Echocardiography, left atrial hypertension; 5.The gestational age \>35 week, have maternal age cholestasis (severe), sepsis or meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) understanding of history, and with the exception of the primary pulmonary surfactant (PS) lack of. FXR and RIPK3 were measured in neonate with ALI.
In September 2020, an outbreak of epizootic hemorrhagic disease occurred in captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and was associated with neurological signs and mortality. Four reindeer died or were euthanized after acute illness over a 12-day period. Affected reindeer displayed abnormal behavior, neurologic signs, lethargy, and/or lameness. The most consistent gross finding was dark red streaks throughout the adrenal gland cortices (4/4). One animal had acute hemorrhage involving the subcutis and skeletal muscles over the ventrolateral body wall and back, and abomasal serosa. Histologically, the most common lesions were adrenal gland cortical hemorrhage (4/4) with necrosis (3/4) and lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis with gliosis, glial nodules, satellitosis, and nonsuppurative perivascular cuffing (4/4). The brain lesions were most frequent in the gray matter of the cerebrum, hippocampus, and thalamus but also involved the cerebellum and brainstem. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 was detected through PCR and sequencing of the spleen in all cases.
Subjects assigned to this group will use a water flosser device and water each time. Water flosser must be used for one minute. They must use this regimen treatment twice daily (in the morning and evening). No other oral hygiene will be allowed during the 21 days of follow-up.