anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Dengue illness, caused by the dengue viruses, continues to be a major global health concern, with increasing incidence and the emergence of severe manifestations such as neurological complications. An overview of the current understanding of dengue epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and research priorities is presented here. Dengue transmission has escalated in recent years, exacerbated by factors such as vector expansion, climate change, and socioeconomic challenges. The clinical spectrum of dengue ranges from mild febrile illness to severe manifestations, including hemorrhagic fever and neurological complications. Neurological manifestations of dengue, once considered rare, are now increasingly reported, encompassing encephalitis, myelitis, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome, among others. Diagnosis primarily relies on laboratory methods such as RT/PCR, NS1 antigen detection, and serological assays. Despite advancements in understanding the dengue pathogenesis, there remains a critical need for effective vaccines, antiviral drugs, improved surveillance methods, predictive models for disease severity, and long-term studies on post-Dengue sequelae. Integrated programs and holistic approaches to dengue control are essential for mitigating its impact. Addressing these research priorities will be pivotal in combating dengue and reducing its global burden.
The pharmacokinetics (PK) of naloxegol were characterized in pediatric subjects, aged 6 months or older to less than 18 years who either have or are at risk of developing opioid-induced constipation following single dose administration. Subjects grouped as aged 12 years or older to less than 18 years, 6 months or older to less than 12 years, and 6 months or older to less than 6 years, received a single oral dose of naloxegol at doses that were estimated to achieve plasma exposures comparable to adult 12.5- or 25-mg doses. Intensive and sparse plasma naloxegol samples were collected to assess naloxegol concentrations. Data were combined with previously collected adult PK data and used to estimate PK parameters using population PK analyses. Naloxegol PK was described using a 2-compartment model with Weibull-type absorption. Neither age nor body weight was identified as a significant covariate indicating similar PK properties in adult and pediatric subjects. PK estimates in the youngest age group were approximately 80% less than those in adults (12.5-mg equivalent dose). Exposures in the other pediatric groups were similar to those in adult equivalent doses. The PK of naloxegol were characterized as linear over the dose range, with no clinically significant covariates and comparable PK characteristics in adults and pediatric subjects aged 6 months or older.
The present invention provides a method for producing a microneedle, and a microneedle arrangement structure produced through the method. A microneedle arrangement structure in which stable-shaped fine microneedles are formed on a base material (or a substrate) is effectively produced. Each of the stable-shaped fine microneedles has a fine top end part diameter ensured not to cause pain or wound on skin, a sufficient hardness required when penetrating through a skin layer, and a sufficient effective length. The size, height, and shape of the microneedles formed on the base material can be easily optionally adjusted. When the microneedles are simultaneously formed on the base material, the size, height, and shape thereof can be uniformized. When a microneedle is produced, precise control is not required, and the microneedle arrangement structure can be made to become large only through a simple facility, so economical feasibility is ensured.
The family Sarcophagidae is very diverse in Brazil. Due to their living habits, they are the subject of many medical, veterinary, sanitary, and entomological studies. However, Sarcophagidae species are still poorly studied in forensic entomology, although they are frequently reported in carcasses and even human corpses. Thus, this study aims to identify and compare the developmental stages and intrapuparial morphological characteristics of Peckia (Euboettcheria) collusor to serve as an auxiliary tool in forensic entomology. The pupae collected after zero hour at 27 °C and 32 °C were sacrificed every three hours until the first 24 h and then every six hours until the emergence of the first adults, using 30 pupae each time, totaling 1560 for 27 °C and 1290 for 32 °C. The intrapuparial development time of this fly species under laboratory-controlled conditions was 288 h at 27 °C and 228 h at 32 °C. The 2820 pupae were analyzed according to temperature and classified into eight possible stages. This contributed to the selection of 16 key morphological characteristics to identify the age of the pupae. The identified intrapupal morphological characteristics have great potential to help researchers, experts, technical assistants, and forensic entomologists estimate the minimum post-mortem interval (minPMI) of cadavers.
Transplanting pancreatic islets is of significant interest for type 1 diabetes mellitus. After intraportal injection of islets, inferior engraftment and eventual loss of transplanted islets constitute major limitations. Therefore, alternative approaches will be helpful. Here, we evaluated in animals whether an isolated venous sac would support survival of transplanted islets, along with correction of hyperglycemia. Pancreatic islets isolated from adult Lewis rats were transplanted either into an isolated venous sac made from lumbar vein or into the portal vein of syngeneic rats. The integrity and vascular organization of the venous sac was determined by studies of the local microcirculation. The engraftment, survival, and function of transplanted islets were analyzed by histology, including endocrine function in situ and by glycemic control in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Transplanted islets showed normal morphology with insulin expression in isolated venous sac during the long term. Transplanted islets received blood supply from vasa vasorum and had access to drainage through venous tributaries in the venous sac. This resulted in restoration of euglycemia in diabetic rats. Removal of islet graft -bearing venous sac in diabetic rats led to recurrence of hyperglycemia. By contrast, euglycemia was not restored in rats treated by intraportal transplantation of islets. We demonstrated that pancreatic islets successfully engrafted and functioned in the isolated venous sac with ability to restore euglycemia in diabetic rats. Therefore, the isolated venous sac offers a new site for transplantation of pancreatic islets. This would be clinically beneficial as an alternative to intrahepatic islet transplantation.
The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) is a collection of neurons involved in autonomic regulation (which refers to bodily processes that are automatic like heart rate and blood pressure). Blocking the SPG is used to treat disorders, such as migraines or cluster headaches (short, severe headaches that occur together). The procedure will be performed by a doctor (specialized in ear, nose throat surgery) and would first involve the application of numbing nasal spray to both nostrils, which lasts about two hours and might reduce smell during that time. This is followed by an injection of a stronger numbing agent (similar to the type used by dentists) to the nerve bundles in the back of the nasal passages (one side at a time) via a tool, known as an endoscope which is a rigid tube with a camera on the end. The procedure is not painful. Previous studies have shown that clonidine, which inhibits the autonomic nervous system, is helpful for reducing the symptoms of opioid withdrawal. However, the dosing of clonidine is limited by side effects (lowered blood pressure and heart rate) and compliance. Furthermore, withdrawal is among the most significant barriers to substance treatment and ultimately overcoming a substance use disorder. Thus, we would like to explore whether a more targeted intervention would improve rates of successful acute detoxification while overcoming the aforementioned challenges of systemic side effects and compliance issues observed with the use of oral agents.
Your nasal spray should be cleaned at least once a week. To do this:

1\. Remove the cap and then gently pull upwards to free the nasal applicator.

2\. Wash the applicator and cap under warm tap water. Allow to dry at room temperature, then place the applicator and cap back on the bottle.

3\. If the nasal applicator becomes blocked, it can be removed as above and left to soak in warm water. Rinse with cold tap water, dry, and refit. Do not try to unblock the nasal applicator by inserting a pin or other sharp object.
OBJECTIVE: MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is an evolving technology with numerous present and potential applications in pediatric neurosurgery. The aim of this study was to describe the use of MRgFUS, technical challenges, complications, and lessons learned at a single children's hospital.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of a prospectively collected database of all pediatric patients undergoing investigational use of MRgFUS for treatment of various neurosurgical pathologies at Children's National Hospital. Treatment details, clinical workflow, and standard operating procedures are described. Patient demographics, procedure duration, and complications were obtained through a chart review of anesthesia and operative reports.
RESULTS: In total, 45 MRgFUS procedures were performed on 14 patients for treatment of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (n = 12), low-grade glioma (n = 1), or secondary dystonia (n = 1) between January 2022 and April 2024. The mean age at treatment was 9 (range 5-22) years, and 64% of the patients were male. With increased experience, the total anesthesia time, sonication time, and change in core body temperature during treatment all significantly decreased. Complications affected 4.4% of patients, including 1 case of scalp edema and 1 patient with a postprocedure epidural hematoma. Device malfunction requiring abortion of the procedure occurred in 1 case (2.2%). Technical challenges related to transducer malfunction and sonication errors occurred in 6.7% and 11.1% of cases, respectively, all overcome by subsequent user modifications.
CONCLUSIONS: The authors describe the largest series on MRgFUS technical aspects in pediatric neurosurgery at a single institution, comprising 45 total treatments. This study emphasizes potential technical challenges and provides valuable insights into the nuances of its application in pediatric patients.
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to conduct a descriptive analysis of the clinical features and treatment responses in 6 patients with catatonia who received maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
METHODS: Our study included all patients who underwent maintenance ECT (mECT) at the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona between September 2020 and September 2022 following a catatonic episode.
RESULTS: The study cohort comprised 5 patients with schizophrenia and 1 patient with major depressive disorder. Among patients with schizophrenia, the first catatonic episode occurred several years after their initial paranoid psychotic episode, whereas the patient with depression experienced a rapid progression from the first depressive episode to catatonia. After acute ECT, 4 patients achieved complete symptomatic remission, 1 patient exhibited a partial response, and another maintained a severe catatonic state. Maintenance ECT was indicated because of the high risk of severe relapses. The mean frequency of mECT sessions was 9.83 (SD, 5.60) days. Notably, 66.67% of the patients were concurrently receiving clozapine as part of their pharmacological treatment. Among patients with schizophrenia, mECT sessions could not be extended beyond 7 to 10 days, whereas the depressed patient could space ECT sessions up to 21 days without experiencing a relapse.
CONCLUSIONS: Maintenance ECT proves to be a safe and well-tolerated strategy for preventing relapses in severe catatonic patients who have previously stabilized with acute ECT. Further research is needed to develop clinical guidelines that define optimal application strategies for mECT in catatonia.
BACKGROUND: Generally, decreased zinc in the serum of tumor patients but increased zinc in tumor cells can be observed. However, the role of zinc homeostasis in myeloid leukemia remains elusive. BCR-ABL is essential for the initiation, maintenance, and progression of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). We are currently investigating the association between zinc homeostasis and CML.
METHODS: Genes involved in zinc homeostasis were examined using three GEO datasets. Western blotting and qPCR were used to investigate the effects of zinc depletion on BCR-ABL expression. Furthermore, the effect of TPEN on BCR-ABL promoter activity was determined using the dual-luciferase reporter assay. MRNA stability and protein stability of BCR-ABL were assessed using actinomycin D and cycloheximide.
RESULTS: Transcriptome data mining revealed that zinc homeostasis-related genes were associated with CML progression and drug resistance. Several zinc homeostasis genes were affected by TPEN. Additionally, we found that zinc depletion by TPEN decreased BCR-ABL mRNA stability and transcriptional activity in K562 CML cells. Zinc supplementation and sodium nitroprusside treatment reversed BCR-ABL downregulation by TPEN, suggesting zinc- and nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms.
CONCLUSION: Our in vitro findings may help to understand the role of zinc homeostasis in BCR-ABL regulation and thus highlight the importance of zinc homeostasis in CML.
Although medial temporal atrophy (MTA) and parietal atrophy (Koedam score) have been used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD), early detection of other dementia types remains elusive. The study aims to investigate the association between these brain imaging markers and cognitive function in dementia. This cross-sectional study collected data from the Memory Clinic of Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia from January 2020 until December 2022. The cut-off value of MTA and Koedam score was set with Receiver Operating Curve. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the association between MTA and Koedam score with cognitive function. Of 61 patients, 22.95% had probable AD, 59.01% vascular dementia, and 18.03% mixed dementia. Correlation test showed that MTA and Koedam score were negatively associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Indonesian Version (MoCA-INA) score. MTA score ≥ 3 (AUC 0.69) and Koedam score ≥ 2 (AUC 0.67) were independently associated with higher risk of poor cognitive function (OR 13.54, 95% CI 1.77-103.43, p = 0.01 and OR 5.52, 95% CI 1.08-28.19, p = 0.04). Higher MTA and Koedam score indicate worse cognitive function in dementia. Future study is needed to delineate these findings as prognostic markers of dementia severity.
This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and effect of blood purification (BP) therapy on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Information on 305 patients (BP group 68, control group 237) diagnosed with SAP was retrieved from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC IV) database. Firstly, the influence of BP treatment was preliminarily evaluated by comparing the outcome indicators of the two groups. Secondly, multiple regression analysis was used to screen the mortality risk factors to verify the impact of BP on the survival outcome of patients. Then, the effect of BP treatment was re-validated with baseline data. Finally, cox regression was used to make the survival curve after matching to confirm whether BP could affect the death outcome. The results indicated that the BP group had a lower incidence of shock (p = 0.012), but a higher incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) (p < 0.001), with no differences observed in other outcome indicators when compared to the control group. It was also found that the 28-day survival curve of patients between the two groups was significantly overlapped (p = 0.133), indicating that BP treatment had no significant effect on the survival outcome of patients with SAP. Although BP is beneficial in stabilizing hemodynamics, it has no effect on short- and long-term mortality of patients. The application of this technology in the treatment of SAP should be done with caution until appropriate BP treatment methods are developed, particularly for patients who are not able to adapt to renal replacement therapy.
PURPOSE: To obtain the subject imhibitor containing an extract of leaf of Japanese chestnut or bur of Japanese chestnut capable of suppressing activity of tyrosinase inhibitor, having high safety and effective in beautifying skin. CONSTITUTION: This inhibitor contains an extract of leaf of Japanese chestnut or bur of Japanese chestnut with a solvent. Furthermore, e.g. leaf of Japanese chestnut or bur of Japanese chestnut is preferably extracted using water or a hydrophilic organic solvent such as ethanol. Specifically, 300ml purified water is added to 10g leaf of Japanese chestnut and the mixture is heated for 3hr and filtered and then subjected to lyophilization, etc. For example, the inhibitor is added to a cosmetic raw material such as squalane and preferably used as a lotion, etc.
Cholangiopathies are poorly understood disorders with no effective therapy. The extrahepatic biliary tree phenotype is less studied compared to the intrahepatic biliary injury in both human disease and Mdr2-/- mice, the established cholestatic mouse model. This study aimed to characterize the extra hepatic biliary tree of Mdr2-/- mice at various ages and to determine if injury can be repaired with the antioxidant and glutathione precursor N-acetyl-L-Cysteine treatment (NAC). We characterized extra hepatic bile ducts (EHBD)s at various ages from 2 to 40 weeks old FVB/N and Mdr2-/- mice. We examined the therapeutic potential of local NAC ex vivo using EHBD explants at early and late stages of injury; and systematic therapy by in vivo oral administration for 3 weeks. EHBD and liver sections were assessed by histology and immunofluorescent stains. Serum liver enzyme activities were analyzed, and liver spatial protein expression analysis was performed. Mdr2-/- mice developed progressive EHBD injury, similar to extrahepatic PSC. NAC treatment of ex vivo EHBD explants led to improved duct morphology. In vivo, oral administration of NAC improved liver fibrosis, and decreased liver enzyme activities. Spatial protein analysis revealed cell-type specific differential response to NAC, collectively indicating a transition from pro-apoptotic into proliferative state. NAC treatment should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic option for human cholangiopathies.
INTRODUCTION: Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) has been introduced as a superior term to describe steatosis on a background of metabolic dysregulation and is slated to become the leading cause of HCC worldwide, as the incidence of metabolic comorbidities is increasing. As such, MASLD has evolved into an important public health issue, potentially leading to higher rates of liver mortality and end-stage liver disease. To this end, understanding the association between MASLD and HCC may allow for the identification of better interventions and novel therapeutic strategies.
AREAS COVERED: The authors provide a review of current knowledge on HCC development among patients with MASLD, with insights into molecular pathways and current and future therapeutic strategies.
EXPERT OPINION: MASLD has a strong association with the risk of HCC development, as metabolic comorbidities induce dysregulation in molecular pathways, leading to insulin-resistance, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation, thus causing progression to cirrhosis and eventually to HCC. Therapeutic strategies focused on reducing diabetes-associated complications, as well as the prevalence of obesity and smoking can improve patient outcomes and reduce HCC incidence. Future studies on the molecular background of metabolic alterations may help devise new therapeutic approaches aiming to improve the current management of MASLD-HCC.
Use of dual pre-contoured plates has been accepted as the treatment of choice in distal humerus fractures despite challenges especially in very distal or highly fragmented fractures. Aiming to improve results in such instances, our newly proposed method uses several K-wires fixated by a small reconstruction plate. Drawing on the results of previous finite element studies, the current study aims to compare the stiffness of three clinically common variations of this method using biomechanical testing in cadaveric humeri. 24 samples were divided into three groups and fractures were simulated. Groups I and II used 1.5 mm K-wires in differing configurations while 2 mm wires were used in group III. All samples underwent compression, anterior and posterior bending, and torsional testing as well as failure testing. Our results indicated that Group III had significantly higher stiffness in flexion, extension, and torsion (p < 0.05). In failure, group III had the highest mean stiffness in anterior bending and torsion (861.2 N, 30.9 Nm). Based on previous and current results, this new Persian fixation method, especially when implemented using 2 mm K-wires, shows promise in achieving suitable stability and may be useful as an alternative approach in complex distal humerus fractures.
Chemotherapy with CDX-1307 vaccine regimen (neoadjuvant phase), followed by bladder removal surgery (cystectomy). CDX-1307 vaccine regimen will continue to be given for up-to 1 year post-surgery (adjuvant/long-term follow-up phase).
A user interface for capturing user input for a non-uniform pattern of N quantities associated with a set of N time periods. The user interface allows the capture of the N quantities without the need to input N separate values. One implementation allows the user to input a sequence of step changes. Other implementations allow the user to select a pattern and provide a few parameters so that a non-uniform pattern of step changes is created by the system. Some implementations may allow subsequent adjustment of the created pattern. One use of this user interface is to capture medication instructions to either ramp up the dose of a medication or to taper down a dose of medication. These instructions for the non-uniform pattern of N quantities may be communicated electronically to other systems, stored, or printed.
The human tongue has been long believed to be a window to provide important insights into a patient's health in medicine. The present study introduced a novel approach to predict patient age, gender, and weight inferences based on tongue images using pretrained deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Our results demonstrated that the deep CNN models (e.g., ResNeXt) trained on dorsal tongue images produced excellent results for age prediction with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.71 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 8.5 years. We also obtained an excellent classification of gender, with a mean accuracy of 80% and an AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of 88%. ResNeXt model also obtained a moderate level of accuracy for weight prediction, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.39 and a MAE of 9.06 kg. These findings support our hypothesis that the human tongue contains crucial information about a patient. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using the pretrained deep CNNs along with a large tongue image dataset to develop computational models to predict patient medical conditions for noninvasive, convenient, and inexpensive patient health monitoring and diagnosis.