anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: The ideal method for identifying frailty remains unclear, but the condition is associated with poor prognoses in many illnesses. Despite the availability of studies, the prognostic implications of frailty on older patients with pneumonia remains unexplored. To determine the burden and effect of frailty on selected clinical outcomes among older patients with pneumonia.
METHODS: We searched Medline, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases for articles published in English following the PRISMA framework to guide our review. We included studies conducted on patients (> 60 years) with frailty and pneumonia, and reporting the effect of frailty on mortality, hospital stay, length readmission, and ICU admission. We performed a meta-analysis using STATA 14.2, calculating pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS: We analysed data from 16 studies and calculated a pooled frailty prevalence of 49% (95% CI 37-60%) in older patients with pneumonia. Unadjusted analyses revealed an odds ratio (OR) of 2.50 (95% CI 1.88-3.32) for the intermediate risk group, and an OR of 3.51 (95% CI 3.05-4.05) for the high risk group regarding mortality. The high risk frailty group also exhibited significant elevations in the risk of readmissions and extended hospital stay lengths. Substantial heterogeneity was observed in both adjusted and unadjusted analyses.
CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review and meta-analysis results show that one in every two older individuals with pneumonia present frailty, a condition that significantly influences their rates of mortality and readmission, and their hospital stay length.
AIMS: We aimed to systematically synthesize the current published literature on neonatal growth outcomes associated with antiseizure medication (ASM) use during pregnancy.
METHODS: We searched seven databases, from inception to 23 March 2022. We investigated small for gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight (LBW) as primary outcomes and birth weight, birth height, cephalization index and head circumference as secondary outcomes. The primary analysis included pregnant people exposed to any ASM compared with unexposed pregnant people. Subgroup analysis included ASM class analysis, within epilepsy group analysis and polytherapy compared to monotherapy.
RESULTS: We screened 15 720 citations and included 65 studies in the review. Exposed pregnant people had a significantly increased risk of SGA relative risk (RR) 1.33 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.50, I2 74%), LBW RR 1.54 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.77, I2 67%), and decreased birth weight with a mean difference (MD) of -118.87 (95% CI -161.03 to -76.71, I2 42%) g. A non-significant risk change in birth height and head circumference was observed. In subgroup analysis, ASM polytherapy, within epilepsy and ASM class analysis were also associated with an increased risk of SGA and LBW.
CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis demonstrates that pregnant people exposed to ASMs have a significantly increased risk of adverse fetal growth outcomes including SGA and LBW and decreased birth weight compared to unexposed pregnant people. Polytherapy was associated with higher risks compared to monotherapy. Additional studies are warranted on specific ASM risks.
This is a randomized, double-blind study to compare the long term safety profile and effectiveness of acetaminophen, given at a dose of 1000 mg every four to six hours, and naproxen, given at a dose of 375 mg twice daily (with matching placebo given four times daily to maintain the blind), in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. There are two groups of subjects. Group 1 has approximately 480 subjects randomized and a treatment duration of 12 months. Group 2 has approximately 80 subjects randomized and a treatment duration of 6 months. The primary measure of efficacy is the change from baseline in the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index pain subscale at month 6. Safety evaluations, throughout the course of the study, include monitoring adverse events, laboratory tests and assessments of vital signs including respiration rate, pulse, blood pressure, and body weight. Subjects are instructed to take a dose of medication orally, every 4-6 hours. The acetaminophen subjects take a total daily dose of 4 g of acetaminophen. The naproxen subjects a total daily dose of 750 mg of naproxen. The treatment duration is 12 and 6 months in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively.
The disclosed dentifrice is comprised of micro-sized particles or microfibers of nondeleterious organic plant components, specifically the branches or roots of trees, botanically known as the azadirachta or salvadora persica, and commonly known in different parts of the world as the peelu, miswaak, neem or siwak tree. The dentifrice is otherwise void of any and all mineral abrasives commonly used in dentifrice. The micro-sized particles or microfibers are filtered through and thus are generally sized less than the openings of 20-60 mesh screen; and when moistened by saliva yield a soft nondamaging abrasive for cleaning and whitening the teeth and an astringent for acting on the gums and other soft tissue of the mouth. The micro-sized particles or microfibers may be mechanically ground and then dry filtered through very fine screens, or these micro-sized particles or microfibers may additionally be heated in a bath of deionized water and the composite liquid may then be filtered with only minimal pressure differential through a very fine cloth bag filter of the order of perhaps 20-60 mesh. Additives for taste, healing, color or media consistancy may be blended with the micro-sized particles or microfibers as desired. The dentifrice may be used as a paste, gel, powder, rinse or the like.
Sialic acids are located on the ends of many glycoconjugates and are cleaved off by enzymes called sialidases (neuraminidases). Upregulation of neuraminidase 3 (NEU3) is associated with intestinal inflammation and colitis, neuroinflammation, and lung fibrosis. Genetic ablation of NEU3 or pharmacological inhibition of NEU3 reduces lung fibrosis in mice. To determine if inhibiting NEU3 can inhibit liver fibrosis in the commonly-used CCl4 model, in this report, we examined the effects of injections of the NEU3 inhibitor 2-acetyl pyridine (2AP). 2AP inhibited CCl4-induced weight loss in female but not male mice. 2AP attenuated CCl4-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis in male and female mice, but did not affect CCl4-induced steatosis. After CCl4 treatment, female but not male mice had significant increases in liver neutrophils, and 2AP attenuated this response. 2AP also reversed CCl4-induced liver desialylation and CCl4-induced increased expression of NEU3. Patients with pulmonary fibrosis have increased desialylation of some serum proteins, and elevated serum levels of NEU3. We find that sera from patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have elevated desialylation of a serum protein and patients with NAFLD have increased levels of NEU3. These data suggest that elevated levels of NEU3 may be associated with liver inflammation and fibrosis, and that in mice this is ameliorated by injections of a NEU3 inhibitor.
Esophageal manometry is a gold standard for diagnosis of esophageal motility disorder. However, esophageal manometry can not detect non-occulsive contraction. Endoscopic evaulation of esophageal motility is difficult becausea swallowing is nearly impossible during endoscopy. Simplified trans nasal endoscopy (E.G. ScanTM, IntroMedic Co.,Ltd.)composed with dysplay system,controller,and disposable probe with compact size.

The esophageal motor function will be assessed with both esophageal manometry and simplifed trnasnasal endoscopy in patients with esophageal motility disorder (such as achalasia) and healthy volunteer. The results of simplifed trnasnasal endoscopy is compared with the results of esophageal manometry.
Patients with PHA have an increased risk of cardiovascular events, independent of blood pressure level. Also in patients suffering a myocardial infarction, circulating aldosterone levels are associated with increased mortality. In animal models of myocardial infarction, the administration of exogenous aldosterone increased infarct size, although other studies did not report this effect. In similar models, antagonists of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) reduced infarct size, which was completely abolished in ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73, the enzyme that catalyses extracellular formation of the endogenous nucleoside adenosine) and adenosine receptor knock-out mice. Therefore, we hypothesize that patients with PHA have an increased susceptibility for ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-injury due to down-regulation of the enzyme CD73. We will use the reduction in brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) by forearm IR as a well-validated endpoint for (endothelial) IR-injury.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) will be delivered at 10 Hz, 1500 pulses targeting the hand representation of the left primary motor cortex. rTMS delivery will require \~11 min to complete. In Experiment 1, this intervention will be performed for 1 session (\~11min). In Experiment 2, this intervention will be performed approximately 5 days per week for 2 weeks. In addition, participants will experience their standard medical care.
The present invention provides purified disease detection and treatment molecule polynucleotides (mddt). Also encompassed are the polypeptides (MDDT) encoded by mddt. The invention also provides for the use of mddt, or complements, oligonucleotides, or fragments thereof in diagnostic assays. The invention further provides for vectors and host cells containing mddt for the expression of MDDT. The invention additionally  provides for the use of isolated and purified MDDT to induce antibodies and to screen libraries of compounds and the use of anti-MDDT antibodies in diagnostic assays. Also provided are microarrays containing mddt and methods of use.
Prolonged use of very commonly prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is often associated with undesired side effects, including gastrointestinal ulcers due to the non-selective inhibition of cyclooxygenases. We describe the development of an inflammatory-stimuli-responsive turn-on fluorogenic theranostic prodrug DCF-HS for adjuvant drug delivery. Upon activation by reactive oxygen species (ROS), the prodrug releases diclofenac DCF (active drug) and the NIR fluorophore DCI-NH2 along with carbonyl sulfide (COS). The second activation of COS by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) generates hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The prodrug was conveniently synthesized using multi-step organic synthesis. The UV-Vis and fluorescence studies revealed the selective reactivity of DCF-HS towards ROS such as H2O2 in the aqueous phase and the desired uncaging of the drug DCF with turn-on NIR fluorescent reporter under physiological conditions. Furthermore, the release of fluorophore DCI-NH2 and drug DCF was confirmed using the reverse phase HPLC method. Compatibility of prodrug activation was studied next in the cellular medium. The prodrug DCF-HS was non-toxic in a representative cancer cell line (HeLa) and a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) up to 100 μM concentration, indicating its biocompatibility. The intracellular ROS-mediated activation of the prodrug with the release of NIR dye DCI-NH2 and H2S was investigated in HeLa cells using the H2S-selective probe WSP2. The anti-inflammatory activity of the active drug DCF from the prodrug DCF-HS was studied in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage cell line and compared to that of the parent drug DCF using western blot analysis and it was found that the active drug resulted in pronounced inhibition of COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, the anti-inflammatory potential of the prodrug and the turn-on fluorescence were validated in the inflammation-induced Wister rat models.
The invention discloses an antitumor compound targeting an FAP-alpha enzyme. The antitumor compound is named Z-GP-procarbazine; a dipeptide part (Z-GP) in the compound can be removed by specific hydrolysis of the FAP-alpha enzyme to release procarbazine. The Z-GP-procarbazine can significantly lower the toxicity and in-vivo toxicity of normal cells, can be free from the dipeptide part (Z-GP) in vivo and in vitro through specific hydrolysis of the FAP-alpha enzyme to release an enzymolysis product, and can significantly inhibit the growth of tumors in nude mice bearing tumors and lower the toxicity to non-target organs, thus reducing the deficiency of severe toxic and side effects of procarbazine as an anticancer drug. The invention provides a tumor targeting drug based on FAP-alpha. In addition, the invention discloses a preparation method of the Z-GP-procarbazine. The method has the characteristics of mild reaction conditions, simple experiment steps, high yield, high purity of a product, economical efficiency, practicability and the like. In addition, the invention discloses use of the Z-GP-procarbazine, a derivative of the Z-GP-procarbazine and a physiologically-acceptable salt of the Z-GP-procarbazine in preparation of antitumor drugs.
Anastrozole 1 mg PO daily and Everolimus starting dose 5 mg PO daily for 28 day cycle. Expansion group added when MTD dose of Anastrozole + Everolimus found.
Epicardial adipose tissue(EAT) is directly deposited around the pericardium and coronary artery. By means of paracrine action, it can generate various kinds of cytokines, inflammatory factor and free fatty acids, that can affect the state of coronary endothelial function, inflammation and oxidative stress, which finally aggravate the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. In recent years, clinical studies have shown that EAT is a newly discovered independent risk factor of coronary atherosclerosis.Studies confirm that olmesartan medoxomil can improve endothelial function, resisting thrombosis, improve tissue reconstruction, resisting oxidative stress so as to achieve atherosclerosis resistant. Latest researches show that olmesartan medoxomil can better inhibit rat epididymal adipose cell hypertrophy and inflammatory reaction. Coronary CT angiography(CCTA) has emerged as a noninvasive imaging method for analysis coronary atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study is to determine whether olmesartan medoxomil is effective in the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis progression and EAT volume reduction in patients with coronary atherosclerosis detected by CCTA.
Vigil immunotherapy was administered at a concentration of at 1 x 10e7 cells/injection via intradermal injection for a minimum of 4 doses and a maximum of 12 doses starting ≥3 weeks following completion of chemotherapy (no longer than 2.5 months post chemotherapy). Participants were treated monthly for up to 12 months as long as sufficient Vigil was available and the participant was clinically stable.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dissolving agent dissolving in higher concentration a hard-to-dissolve medicament than a medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride used as a conventional dissolving agent, and to provide an emulsified flavor preparation, a pharmaceutical and a food/beverage, each compounded with the above dissolving agent.  <P>SOLUTION: The dissolving agent for a hard-to-dissolve medicament comprises an ester of a medium-chain fatty acid and polyhydric alcohol(s), wherein the polyhydric alcohol(s) is(are) one or more selected from the group consisting of a sugar alcohol and a cyclic condensate thereof, being 100 mgKOH/g or less in hydroxyl value. An emulsified flavor preparation, pharmaceutical, cosmetic or food, each compounded with such a dissolving agent, is also provided. Besides, a beverage compounded with such an emulsified flavor preparation is provided. Furthermore, a cosmetic compounded with such a dissolving agent and a hard-to-dissolve medicament, i.e., a phytosterol, coenzyme Q10 or α-lipoic acid, is provided.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Amphotericin B is fungistatic or fungicidal depending on the concentration obtained in body fluids and the susceptibility of the fungus. The drug acts by binding to sterols in the cell membrane of susceptible fungi with a resultant change in membrane permeability allowing leakage of intracellular components. Mammalian cell membranes also contain sterols and it has been suggested that the damage to human cells and fungal cells may share common mechanisms.

An initial intravenous infusion of 1 to 5 mg of amphotericin B per day, gradually increased to 0.4 to 0.6 mg/kg daily, produces peak plasma concentrations ranging from approximately 0.5 to 2 mcg/mL. Following a rapid initial fall, plasma concentrations plateau at about 0.5 mcg/mL. An elimination half-life of approximately 15 days follows an initial plasma half-life of about 24 hours. Amphotericin B circulating in plasma is highly bound (>90%) to plasma proteins and is poorly dialyzable. Approximately two thirds of concurrent plasma concentrations have been detected in fluids from inflamed pleura, peritoneum, synovium, and aqueous humor. Concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid seldom exceed 2.5% of those in the plasma. Little amphotericin B penetrates into vitreous humor or normal amniotic fluid. Complete details of tissue distribution are not known.

Amphotericin B is excreted very slowly (over weeks to months) by the kidneys with 2 to 5% of a given dose being excreted in the biologically active form. Details of possible metabolic pathways are not known. After treatment is discontinued, the drug can be detected in the urine for at least 7 weeks due to the slow disappearance of the drug. The cumulative urinary output over a 7 day period amounts to approximately 40% of the amount of drug infused.
Arm 1 receives 4 weeks of treatment with mint tea high in rosmarinic acid, consumed twice a day. Treatment is followed by a 4 week wash-out phase. Subjects then enter a 4 week phase of placebo mint tea (low in rosmarinic acid), to be consumed twice a day.
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequent complication of chronic parenchymal lung diseases particularly in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and represents one of the major cause of all causes of PH. When present, PH contributes to more severe symptoms; exercise intolerance and can lead to right heart failure, which portends a worse prognosis and an increased mortality. Mechanisms of severe PH in chronic respiratory diseases are complex and include rarefaction of vascular bed, endothelial dysfunction and exaggerated pulmonary arterial remodeling. In patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), targeted medical therapies, including oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), improve endothelial cell dysfunction, have vasodilatory and anti-proliferative effects on the pulmonary vasculature, reduce the right ventricular afterload and improve symptoms, exercise capacity, and clinical outcomes in randomized trials. Several studies suggested a potential effect of PDE5i in COPD on dyspnea, exertional capacity and quality of life. However, these results were based on including small number of patients with heterogenous severity of lung disease and usually without complete hemodynamic evaluation. Data are lacking regarding the benefit/risk ratio of these treatments in the context of severe PH due to COPD. The main objective to this randomized controlled trial (16 weeks) is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an oral PDE5i, tadalafil, in patients with severe PH due to COPD.
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the impact and prognostic significance of alterations in muscle quality and quantity (myosteatosis and sarcopenia, respectively) in patients with esophageal cancer treated with radiotherapy (RT).
METHODS: We retrospectively pooled 258 patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer who underwent RT. Myosteatosis and sarcopenia were determined based on the skeletal muscle index derived from the muscle area and attenuation at the L3 level from computed tomography images. Subgroups were formed as 2 subgroups of non-sarcopenia/myosteatosis and sarcopenia/myosteatosis (with or without other muscle status) at either timepoint of RT, 3 subgroups of only-sarcopenia, only myosteatosis (without other muscle status), and the co-presence of sarcopenia and myosteatosis at either timepoint of RT, as well as 4 subgroups of continuous sarcopenia/myosteatosis, developed sarcopenia/myosteatosis, reduced sarcopenia/myosteatosis and non-sarcopenia/myosteatosis according to alterations of muscle status at both timepoints of RT. Overall survival (OS) was compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses based on Cox regression identified independent risk factors for prognosis.
RESULTS: Either pre- or post-RT, patients with sarcopenia and myosteatosis (with or without other muscle status) had poor OS. Patients with only myosteatosis (without other muscle status) showed the best OS (1352 days pre-RT vs. 1648 days post-RT), while patients with concurrent myosteatosis and sarcopenia had the worst OS (907 days pre-RT vs. 706 days post-RT). The ascending order of OS for sarcopenia alterations was as follows: continuous sarcopenia (1093 days), non-sarcopenia (1740 days), developed sarcopenia (2187 days), and reduced sarcopenia (2208 days) (P = 0.002). The ascending order of OS for myosteatosis alterations was ranked as follows: continuous myosteatosis (1165 days), reduced myosteatosis (1275 days), developed myosteatosis (1783 days), and non-myosteatosis (1942 days) (P = 0.061). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that increased age, longer tumor length, developed myosteatosis, and continuous myosteatosis were independent prognostic factors for OS.
CONCLUSIONS: Muscle mass status at presentation and alterations in patients with esophageal cancer before and after RT should be considered prognostic indicators.
The study will externally validate an algorithm that combines non-invasive oxygenation and perfusion measurements as a screening tool for CCHD. In a previous study, the investigators created an algorithm that combines non-invasive measurements of oxygenation and perfusion over at least two measurements using machine learning (ML) techniques. The prior model was created and tested using internal validation (k-fold validation). Thus, the investigators will test the model on an external sample of patients to test generalizability of the model. Additionally, the team will trial a repeated measurement for any "failure" of the screen to assess impact on the false positive rate. Study team will also use repeated pulse oximetry measurements (up to 4 total and including measurements after 48 hours of age, which may be done outpatient) to create a new algorithm that incorporates new data over time. The central hypothesis is that the addition of non-invasive perfusion measurements will be superior to SpO2-alone screening for CCHD detection and a model that incorporates repeated measurements will enhance detection of CCHD while preserving the specificity.
The present invention relates to a fusion protein platform with a longer half-life, and to a fusion protein platform using an IgG Fc region, an IgM region, a J chain and/or a linker. Furthermore, the invention relates to fusion proteins produced by the platform, in particular fusion proteins consisting of an IgG Fc region, an IgM region, a J chain, a linker and/or a biologically active molecule. According to the fusion protein platform of the present invention, various bioactive molecules can be selected according to purposes, and various types of bioactive molecules can be used in combination. In addition, the platform may contain biologically active molecules that may also increase affinity. Thus, fusion proteins prepared by this platform have excellent target recognition and control effects and are less at risk of unpredictable side effects due to non-specific binding. In addition, the half-life of the fusion protein in blood is also prolonged, thereby maximizing the therapeutic effect.