anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
1392763 Adhesive composition JOHNSON & JOHNSON 7 Sept 1972 [10 June 1971] 41613/72 Divided out of 1343190 Heading C1A [Also in Division C3] A filler for use in the preparation of cements using cyanoacylate binders comprises finely divided inorganic solid particles containing a basic amine actuator superimposed on a coating, on the solid particles, of a silyl compound which is non-catalytic towards the polymerization of cyanoacylates and which is triphenylsilane or a trialkoxysilyl compound having a terminal group represented by the formula where any of R, R 1  or R 2  is a methyl group or an ethyl group, the basic amine activator having a pKb. in water of 1-10 and no nitrogen having more than one attached group exceeding 5 carbon atoms. Preferred inorganic solids are quartz or alumina, and suitable amine activators are N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine or N,N-dimethylaniline. Material for making adherent cements comprises a polymerizable binder component which is a monomeric ester of α-cyanoacrylic acid having the general formula where R is an alkyl group of 2-16 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl or a phenyl group, and a finely divided solid filler inert with respect to the ester (e.g. as described above), and containing a basic amine activator having a pKb. in water of 1-12 and no nitrogen having more than one attached group exceeding 5 carbon atoms. The preferred filler to binder ratio is 1 part by wt. binder for 1-4 parts of filler.
INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant burden on health systems globally, with limited up-to-date information on health system costs, particularly for non-dialysis patients. This study estimates the direct healthcare costs of CKD within Australia.
METHODS: The study utilised the CKD.WA dataset, a linked repository for the state of Western Australia, containing public and private pathology, hospital, emergency and mortality data for over 2 million people, along with a secondary dataset of general practice records. Costs were calculated for individuals with CKD in 2019 and compared to controls without CKD to identify costs attributable to CKD. Cost items included hospital, emergency, medication, general practice, pathology, dialysis and outpatient services. Costs were expressed in 2023 AUD.
RESULTS: There were 114,899 individuals with CKD in 2019. Average yearly costs attributable to CKD were $3,367 for Stage 1, $4,114 for Stage 2, $3,607 for Stage 3a, $6,572 for Stage 3b, $11,456 for Stage 4 and $62,558 for Stage 5. Non-dialysis hospital costs were the biggest contributor, followed by dialysis costs. The estimated total cost of CKD to Australia was $8.3 billion for 2019.
CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the significant cost burden of CKD. While CKD costs per individual are highest in later stages, the greater number of early-stage CKD cases means the majority of the cost burden is located among early-stage cases. Primary and secondary prevention strategies are likely key to reducing costs.
Pheochromocytomas and extraadrenal paragangliomas are catecholamin-producing tumours deriving from the adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia. The only causal therapy is surgical resection. Nowadays, laparoscopic adrenalectomy is thought to be the optimal approach. Chronic volume depletion due to chronic hypertension and preoperative α-adrenoreceptor-blockade (to avoid the effects of intraoperative catecholamine-excess) often lead to hypotension after resection of the tumour. Volume reload with high amounts of fluid is often needed. Therefor some authors recommended invasive measurement (pulmonary artery catheter) to control cardiac output parameters and fluid balance. However, there are non-invasive methods to measure cardiac output(CO), systemic vascular resistance(SVR), stroke volume(SV) and corrected aortic flow time(FTc) to estimate volume status. Except transesophageal echocardiography, other techniques such as transoesophageal doppler and pulse pressure methods exist but have not been investigated during surgical therapy for pheochromocytoma so far. The esophageal Doppler currently represents the "gold standard" for perioperative fluid replacement therapy.

The study's hypothesis is that non-invasive measurements of cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), corrected aortic flow time (FTc) and stroke volume (SV) are useful parameters during laparoscopic resection of pheochromocytoma (adrenalectomy) to document the intraoperative changes in volume status and to estimate the volume depletion.
BACKGROUND: Various factors, including blood, inflammatory, infectious, and immune factors, can cause ischemic stroke. However, the primary cause is often the instability of cervical arteriosclerosis plaque. It is estimated that 18-25% of ischemic strokes are caused by the rupture of carotid plaque.1 Plaque stability is crucial in determining patient prognosis. Developing a highly accurate, non-invasive, or minimally invasive technique to assess carotid plaque stability is crucial for diagnosing and treating stroke.Previous research by our group has demonstrated that the expression levels of CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein) and GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78) are correlated with the stability of atherosclerotic plaques.2 OBJECT: This research assesses changes in GRP78 and CHOP expressions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC) following experiments within the hemodynamic influencing factors test system. Additionally, it includes conducting an empirical study on the impact of blood flow shear force on the stability of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The objective is to explore the implications of blood flow shear force on the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques.
METHOD: The hemodynamic influencing factors test bench system was configured with low (Group A, 4 dyns/cm²), medium (Group B, 8 dyns/cm²), and high shear force groups (Group C, 12 dyns/cm²). Relative expression levels of GRP78 and CHOP proteins in human umbilical vein endothelial cells were measured using Western blot analysis, and quantitative analysis of GRP78 and CHOP mRNA was conducted using RT-qPCR. Meanwhile, plaques from 60 carotid artery patients, retrieved via Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA), were classified into stable (S) and unstable (U) groups based on pathological criteria. Shear force at the carotid bifurcation was measured preoperatively using ultrasound. Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to analyze the relative expression levels of GRP78 and CHOP proteins and mRNA, respectively, in the plaque specimens from both groups.
RESULT: Expression levels of GRP78, CHOP proteins, and their mRNAs were assessed in groups A, B, and C via Western blot and RT-qPCR. Results showed that in the low-shear group, all markers were elevated in group A compared to groups B and C. Statistical analysis revealed significantly lower shear forces at the carotid bifurcation in group U compared to group S. In group U plaques, GRP78 and CHOP expressions were significantly higher in group U than in group S.
CONCLUSION: Blood flow shear forces variably affect the expression of GRP78 and CHOP proteins, as well as their mRNA levels, in vascular endothelial cells. The lower the shear force and fluid flow rate, the higher the expression of GRP78 and CHOP, potentially leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS), which may destabilize the plaque.
Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of chronic heel pain. It is characterized by localized inflammation and degeneration of the proximal part of the plantar aponeurosis. Treatment is mainly conservative. Herein, a 54-year-old woman with chronic heel pain was diagnosed as having plantar fascia rupture by ultrasound, probably after extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Corticosteroid injection was avoided after ultrasound imaging. Plantar fascia rupture after extracorporeal shock wave therapy is an unexpected complication. This case report highlights the importance of ultrasound imaging for both diagnosis and injection guidance in patients with plantar fasciitis.
The sodium bicarbonate solution prepared by the researcher by mixing one teaspoon of baking soda (4.5 grams) into 500 ml of distilled water by the researcher was given to the patients in the group gargling with sodium bicarbonate for a one-week use at each interview. Patients were told that they should gargle using approximately two tablespoons of the solution given for each usage.
Lymphatics participate in reverse cholesterol transport, and their presence in the arterial wall of the great vessels and prior experimental results suggest their possible role in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the lymphatic vasculature of the arterial wall in atherosclerosis. Tissue sections and tissue-cleared aortas of wild-type mice unveiled significant differences in the density of the arterial lymphatic network throughout the arterial tree. Male and female Ldlr-/- and ApoE-/- mice on a Western diet showed sex-dependent differences in plaque formation and calcification. Female mice on a Western diet developed more calcification of atherosclerotic plaques than males. The lymphatic vessels within the aortic wall of these mice showed no major changes regarding the number of lymphatic junctions and end points or the lymphatic area. However, female mice on a Western diet showed moderate dilation of lymphatic vessels in the abdominal aorta and exhibited indications of increased peripheral lymphatic function, findings that require further studies to understand the role of lymphatics in the arterial wall during the development of atherosclerosis.
BACKGROUND: Advanced heart failure patients suffer with breathlessness and peripheral oedema, which are frequently treated with parenteral diuretics despite limited evidence.
AIM: To analyse the effectiveness of parenteral diuretics on breathlessness and peripheral oedema in advanced heart failure patients.
METHODS: We searched Embase, MEDLINE(R), PsycINFO, CINAHL and CENTRAL from their respective inceptions to 2021, and performed handsearching, citation searching and grey literature search; limited to English publications. Selection criteria included parenteral (intravenous/subcutaneous) diuretic administration in advanced heart failure patients (New York Heart Association class III-IV). Two authors independently assessed articles for inclusion; one author extracted data. Data were synthesised through narrative synthesis or meta-analysed as appropriate.
RESULTS: 4646 records were screened; 6 trials (384 participants) were included. All were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing intravenous continuous furosemide infusion (CFI) versus intravenous bolus furosemide infusion (BFI). Improvement in breathlessness and peripheral oedema (two studies, n=161, OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.45 to 5.40; I2=0%), and increase in urine output (four studies, n=234, mean difference, MD 344.76, 95% CI 132.87 to 556.64; I2=44%), were statistically significant in favour of CFI. Significantly lower serum potassium was found in BFI compared with CFI (three studies, n=194, MD -0.20, 95% CI -0.38 to -0.01; I2=0%). There was no difference between CFI and BFI on reduction in weight, renal function or length of hospital stay.
CONCLUSIONS: CFI appears to improve congestion in advanced heart failure patients in the short term. Available data came from small trials. Larger, prospective RCTs are recommended to address the evidence gap.
Compositions and methods for treating peripheral artery disease in a patient are provided. Compositions comprise recombinant fibroblast growth factor-2.  Fibroblast growth factor, such as FGF-2, is administered in therapeutically effective amounts to treat or prevent peripheral artery disease including claudication and critical limb ischemia. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of FGF-2 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are also provided. The methods of the invention to treat peripheral artery disease and claudication comprise administering at least a single dose of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the FGF, such as FGF-2, via intra-arterial, intravenous, or intramuscular infusion to the patient. It is recognized that increased benefits may result from multiple dosing, including intermittent dosing.
Neuropathic pain (NP) is the pain arising from a primary lesion or a dysfunction of nervous system. NP can affect central or peripheral nervous system and can be caused by numerous factors such as inflammation or neuroplastic changes. Inflammation can sensitize nociceptors in sensory nerves by promoting prostaglandin E2 and I2 secretion thus, cause neuropathic pain. Besides, a mixed pain pattern with neuropathic components is thought to be developed in chronic pain conditions. In this point of view, pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases is suitable for eliciting NP. In arthritic joints, even non-arthritic tissues are affected by the disease and a condition called peripheral sensitization develops. Previous studies about NP and inflammatory diseases link have focused on rheumatoid arthritis and number of studies about NP and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is limited. In this manner the aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of NP among PsA patients and relationship between disease activity, quality of life, functionality, and other numerous factors.
The antihypertensive effects of Edarbyclor have been demonstrated in a total of 5 randomized controlled studies, which included 4 double-blind, active-controlled studies and 1 open-label, long-term active-controlled study. The studies ranged from 8 weeks to 12 months in duration, at doses ranging from 20/12.5 mg to 80/25 mg once daily. A total of 5310 patients (3082 given Edarbyclor and 2228 given active comparator) with moderate or severe hypertension were studied. Overall, randomized patients had a mean age of 57 years, and included 52% males, 72% whites, 21% blacks, 15% with diabetes, 70% with mild or moderate renal impairment, and a mean BMI of 31.6 kg/m 2.

An 8-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel group factorial trial in patients with moderate to severe hypertension compared the effect on blood pressure of Edarbyclor with the respective monotherapies. The trial randomized 1714 patients with baseline systolic blood pressure between 160 and 190 mm Hg (mean 165 mm Hg) and a baseline diastolic blood pressure <119 mm Hg (mean 95 mm Hg) to one of the 11 active treatment arms.

The 6 treatment combinations of azilsartan medoxomil 20, 40, or 80 mg and chlorthalidone 12.5 or 25 mg resulted in statistically significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure as determined by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) (Table 2) and clinic measurement (Table 3) at trough compared with the respective individual monotherapies. The clinic blood pressure reductions appear larger than those observed with ABPM, because the former include a placebo effect, which was not directly measured. Most of the antihypertensive effect of Edarbyclor occurs within 1-2 weeks of dosing. The blood pressure lowering effect was maintained throughout the 24-hour period (Figure 3).

Edarbyclor was effective in reducing blood pressure regardless of age, gender, or race.

Edarbyclor was effective in treating black patients (usually a low-renin population).

In a 12-week, double-blind forced-titration trial, Edarbyclor 40/25 mg was statistically superior (P<0.001) to olmesartan medoxomil – hydrochlorothiazide (OLM/HCTZ) 40/25 mg in reducing systolic blood pressure in patients with moderate to severe hypertension (Table 4). Similar results were observed in all subgroups, including age, gender, or race of patients.

Edarbyclor lowered blood pressure more effectively than OLM/HCTZ at each hour of the 24-hour interdosing period as measured by ABPM.

Cardiovascular Outcomes

There are no trials of Edarbyclor demonstrating reductions in cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension; however, trials with chlorthalidone and at least one drug pharmacologically similar to azilsartan medoxomil have demonstrated such benefits.
Memantine hydrochloride is an orally active NMDA receptor antagonist. The chemical name for memantine hydrochloride is 1-amino-3,5-dimethyladamantane hydrochloride with the following structural formula:

  


  


The molecular formula is C12H21N•HCl and the molecular weight is 215.76. Memantine hydrochloride occurs as a white to off-white, colored powder and is slightly soluble in water, soluble in methanol and practically insoluble in acetone.

Memantine hydrochloride extended-release capsules are supplied for oral administration as 7 mg, 14 mg, 21 mg, and 28 mg capsules. Each capsule contains extended-release pellets with the labeled amount of memantine hydrochloride USP and the following inactive ingredients: ethylcellulose, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, sugar spheres [which contains starch (maize) and sucrose] and talc. The hard gelatin capsule shell contains gelatin, iron oxide yellow and titanium dioxide. In addition the 14 mg, 21 mg and 28 mg hard gelatin capsule shell contains FD&C blue 1 and FD&C yellow 6. The 7 mg, 14 mg and 21 mg capsules are imprinted with black ink containing black iron oxide, potassium hydroxide and shellac. The 28 mg capsules are imprinted with white ink containing potassium hydroxide, shellac and titanium dioxide.
United States military Veterans from recent conflicts are coping with symptoms related to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), persistent post concussive (PPC) symptoms, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Many Veterans are resistant to conventional health and mental health interventions (e.g., medication, psychotherapy), and often symptoms are not significantly improved by traditional treatments. Moreover, there are limited treatments for symptoms associated with both conditions, which frequently co-occur. Alternative treatment methods are needed. One potential common underlying feature of both mTBI and PTSD is exaggerated inflammation, both peripherally and in the central nervous system, which is thought to play an important role in the vulnerability to, aggravation of, and perpetuation of adverse consequences of these often co-occurring conditions. Therefore, a novel intervention strategy would be the use of immunoregulatory/anti-inflammatory probiotics to reduce inflammation. In this study, the investigators will investigate the effects of an immunoregulatory probiotic on both biological signatures of systemic inflammatory processes and proximal signatures of probiotic administration. Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), a commensal organism that colonizes the human gut mucosa, suppresses mucosal inflammation via inhibition of the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and is the probiotic of interest. Specific aims of the study are to determine the: 1) effects of L. reuteri on biological signatures of gut microbiota, gut permeability, systemic inflammation processes, and stress responses; 2) feasibility of L. reuteri supplementation; 3) acceptability of L. reuteri supplementation; and 4) tolerability and safety of L. reuteri supplementation. Project aims will be assessed using a longitudinal, double blind, randomized placebo-controlled design. Participants will be Veterans with PPC symptoms, PTSD, and evidence of elevated systemic inflammation (based on high baseline plasma C-reactive protein \[CRP\] concentrations). After initial evaluation procedures, 20 participants will be randomized to probiotic supplementation and 20 will be randomized to placebo supplementation. The proposed line of research addresses the Office of Rehabilitation Research and Development (RR\&D) Service's goal of identifying means of intervening to increase function among those with mTBI and co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Long-term, this study may lead to a paradigm shift in the manner by which the investigators target clinical symptoms associated with PPC and PTSD symptoms, by beginning the process of supporting a multitargeted, neuroprotective approach.
Dry compositions, possibly double salts, comprise calcium quinate and calcium glyconate or levulinate, the molar quantity of the former being two-thirds to six times that of the glyconate, or one-third to two times that of the levulinate.  The compositions are adapted to yield injectable aqueous solutions containing higher calcium concentrations than yielded by gluconate or levulinate alone.  The solutions are made by dissolving the respective two components in water, including forming one or more in the solution by interaction of the acid and calcium hydroxide. The solid composition may be obtained by evaporation or by precipitation with ethanol, for example.ALSO:Dry compositions, possibly double salts, comprise calcium quinate and calcium gluconate or levulinate, the molar quantity of the former being two-thirds to six times that of the gluconate, or one third to two times that of the levulinate.  The compositions are adapted to yield injectable aqueous solutions containing higher calcium concentrations than yielded by calcium gluconate or levulinate alone.  The solutions are made by dissolving the respective two components in water, including forming one or more in the solution by interaction of the acid and calcium hydroxide. The solid composition may be obtained by evaporation or by precipitation with ethanol, for example.
Alginates are anionic polysaccharides present in the cell walls of brown seaweeds. Various biological activities of alginate and its derivatives have been described. In this study, we assessed the potential of alginate obtained from Ericaria crinita (formerly Cystoseira crinita) to scavenge free radicals and function as a ferric ion reductor. The anti-inflammatory effect on the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 of rats with LPS-induced systemic inflammation after 14 days of treatment was also examined. Ericaria crinita alginate showed antioxidant activities of IC50 = 505 µg/mL (DPPH) and OD700 > 2 (ferric reducing power). A significant decrease in serum levels of IL-1β was observed only in animals treated with the polysaccharide at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw. Both doses of E. crinita alginate (25 and 100 mg/kg bw) significantly reduced the serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, but no statistical significance was observed in the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Our findings show the potential of E. crinita alginate to act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. It is likely that the exhibited antioxidant ability of the polysaccharide contributes to its antiphlogistic effects. More in-depth studies are needed to fully understand the specific mechanisms and the molecular pathways involved in these activities.
PURPOSE:An anti-inflammatory agent, containing magnoshinin as an active constituent, capable of exhibiting characteristics as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with slight side-effects, e.g. gastric disorder, and having powerful inhibitory action on granulation with low toxicity without affecting leukocytic exudation. CONSTITUTION:An anti-inflammatory agent containing magnoshinin expressed by the formula (the wedge line and broken line indicate substituent groups at the 1- and 2-positions are mutually trans) as an active constituent. In use, the agent is used alone or mixed with another medicine or optional pharmaceutical carrier, diluent, etc. into an optional dosage form. The effective dose of the compound expressed by the formula for humans is about 30-120mg per day and about 10- 40mg a time. The magnoshinin expressed by the formula can be obtained by macerating Magnolia salicifolia MAXM, naturally dried flower bed) with ether, and extracting the resultant dark green ether extract with methanol, etc.