anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new compound having a strong antagonistic action on gastrin and/or cholecystokinin-B receptor and good inhibiting action on gastric acid secretion and useful as a preventive and therapeutic agent for e.g. ingestive disorder, malaise and disorder from panic. SOLUTION: This compound is shown by formula I (R1 is a lower alkyl; R2 and R3 are each H or a lower alkyl; R4 is a cyclohexyl or phenyl; and (n) is 1 to 3), e.g. (±)-2-[3-[3-(1-tert-butylcarbonylmethyl-2-oxo-5-cyclohexyl-1,3,4,5- tetrahydro-2H-1,5-benzodiazepin-3-yl)ureido]phenyl]-2-methylpropionic acid. A compound of formula I is obtained by e.g. producing a compound of formula II from the starting material of (±)-2-amino-3-benzyloxycarbonylaminopropionic acid via various reactions and reacting it with a compound of formula III in the presence of triphosgene and triethylamine.
The invention provides acyclovir sustained release pellets. The acyclovir sustained release pellets comprise medicine-containing pellets and coating layers, wherein the medicine-containing pellets are coated with the coating layers; the medicine-containing pellets comprise acyclovir, hollow cores, filling agents, lubricating agents and bonding agents; and the coating layers comprise Eudragit NE30D and talcum powder. A preparation method of the acyclovir sustained release pellets comprises the following procedures: 1. material preparation; 2. mixing; 3. preparation of the bonding agents; 4. preparation of the pellets; 5. preparation of coating agents; 6. coating; 7. filling; and 8. aluminium-plastic packaging and preparation of finished products. The acyclovir sustained release pellets are applicable to herpes simplex virus infection, herpes zoster, immunodeficiency varicella and other diseases, are stable in medicine release, have good effects, have minor irritation to gastrointestinal tracts, have good bioavailability, are convenient to package, transport and store and are suitable for industrial production. The products are well absorbed after being orally administrated. Although the products can be taken on an empty stomach or after the meal, the total absorbed dose of the products can be increased by food.
Phase 2 consists of dose expansion cohorts in patients with 2 defined cancer types: triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and melanoma. Phase 2 will evaluate STX-001 in combination with pembrolizumab; the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of STX-001 will be selected based on analysis of the totality of data from Phase 1.
The patients with obstructive oro and hypo-pharynx tumours will have their airway secured through awake fiberoptic naso-tracheal intubation with light sedation and topical anaesthesia with lidocaine. The sedation will be provided in small boluses until the desired level will be achieved not exceeding 0.05 mg/kg of midazolam and 3 mcg/kg fentanyl. The dose of lidocaine will be to a maximum of 7 mg/kg. The reinforced intubating tube will be lubricated with lidocaine gel.
African Americans (AA) not only have a higher prevalence of hypertension but the severity of the cardiovascular complications related to this condition are greater in this population relative to other populations. While the underlying causes of this elevated risk are multifactorial, vascular dysfunction (i.e. impaired vasodilation and/or augmented vasoconstriction) is believed to be a key contributing factor. The investigators have recently observed (UTA IRB 2016-0268) that the small blood vessels in the skin (the cutaneous microvasculature) in AA, but otherwise healthy individuals, have an impaired blood flow response in the cutaneous circulation to local heating when compared to age, body mass index (BMI), and gender, matched Caucasians (CA). This blunted response is abolished in AA when the sites are pre-treated with either Allopurinol or Apocynin which block the production of xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase, respectively. In addition, Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is critically involved in vascular function. BH4 is a cofactor involved in the conversion of L-Arginine into the potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) by the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Reduced bioavailable BH4 leads to elevated oxidative stress and thus impaired vascular function.

In addition to local heating another commonly utilized research approach to assess microcirculatory vascular function is via local infusion of the potent vasodilator methacholine (Mch). Mch is an acetylcholine analog that causes endothelial dependent vasodilation primarily through stimulation of NO production. Much like the local heating data mentioned above, our laboratory (data collected while at UT Austin) has demonstrated a blunted response to Mch in AA relative to CA. However, the role of xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidase, and BH4 in this blunted response remains unknown.
PURPOSE:An antidemential agent containing an adenosine derivative as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION:An antidemential agent obtained by containing a compound expressed by the formula (R1 is H or halogen; R2 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl; R3 is hydroxymethyl except when R1 and R2 are same and H; R3 is hydroxymethyl) as an active ingredient. The agent is effective against senile dementia and a valuable drug effective for treating dysmnesia. The dose thereof is 2-1,000mg/adult/day expressed in terms of the adenosine derivative. The administration can be intravenously, intramuscularly, orally and intrarectally carried out. The compound expressed by the formula has a low toxicity as compared with the pharmacologically active dose and can be continuously administered.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Hyoscine-N-butylbromide (HBB) is an anticholinergic agent widely used to treat pain caused by spasms in the gastrointestinal and urogenital systems. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of HBB with a placebo in treating abdominal cramping pain caused by acute gastroenteritis in the emergency department (ED).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial conducted in a single-center academic ED from September to November 2021. Patients aged 18-65 years with acute gastroenteritis symptoms were included. The study compared the efficacy of intravenous HBB (20 mg) to a placebo. The primary outcome was the absolute change in pain score at 30 min after treatment, with secondary outcomes including pain relief at 60 min, adverse events, and the need for rescue analgesics.
RESULTS: Fifty patients were randomized (25 in each group). There was no significant difference in 30-min and 60-min pain scores between the groups. At 60 min, pain reduction and the need for rescue analgesia were similar in both groups. Changes in pain scores from admission to 30 and 60 min did not significantly differ between the groups.
CONCLUSION: Intravenous HBB did not show a statistically or clinically significant difference in pain reduction compared to a placebo in patients with acute gastroenteritis and cramping abdominal pain in the ED.
* Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Follow patients for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation (see WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS and PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions). 
  * The use of benzodiazepines, including chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride, a component of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride and clidinium bromide capsules, exposes users to risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death. Abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes. Before prescribing chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride and clidinium bromide capsules and throughout treatment, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction (see WARNINGS). 
  * The continued use of benzodiazepines, including chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride and clidinium bromide capsules, may lead to clinically significant physical dependence. The risks of dependence and withdrawal increase with longer treatment duration and higher daily dose. Abrupt discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride and clidinium bromide capsules after continued use may precipitate acute withdrawal reactions, which can be life-threatening. To reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions, use a gradual taper to discontinue chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride and clidinium bromide capsules or reduce the dosage (see WARNINGS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
BACKGROUND: Recent research has indicated a potential association between thyroid function and sarcopenia, but the specific mechanisms and a definitive causal relationship have yet to be established. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the potential causal connection between thyroid function and sarcopenia-related traits, including hand-grip strength, appendicular lean mass (ALM), and walking pace.
METHODS: The study used a bi-directional two-sample MR design, with thyroid function examined as the exposure and sarcopenia-related traits as the outcome in the first stage, and then reversed in the second stage. The genetic instruments for thyroid function were obtained from a comprehensive meta-analysis involving 271,040 participants. Data on sarcopenia-related traits based on GWASs were collected from the UK Biobank, which includes up to 461,026 European participants. The estimates for MR were calculated using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, and several sensitivity analyses were performed.
RESULTS: After applying the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, our MR analyses revealed no significant impact of thyroid function liability on sarcopenia-related traits. Similarly, our reverse MR analysis did not provide evidence supporting the influence of liability to sarcopenia-related traits on thyroid function. The results of the primary IVW MR analyses were largely in line with those obtained from our sensitivity MR analyses.
CONCLUSION: Our research findings do not suggest a link between thyroid function and sarcopenia-related traits. The associations identified in epidemiological studies may be influenced, at least in part, by shared biological mechanisms or environmental confounders.
AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a very important issue globally because of the risk of its progressing to end-stage renal disease. We aimed to identify factors contributing to long-term estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline to determine an early diagnosis and prevent CKD progression.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2003 to December 2006, 5,507 individuals underwent health checkups at our hospital's Preventive Medicine Research Center. We ultimately enrolled 2,175 individuals. The eGFR was ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at the start of observation period, which was 20 years. The event onset time was the day that the eGFR became <30 mL/min during the 20-year period. Baseline risk factors - in particular, the effect of plasma glucose levels on the eGFR - were extracted and evaluated by using Fine and Gray analysis.
RESULTS: During the 20-year observation, the hazard ratio (HR) of CKD progression was examined. A fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level ≥105 mg/dL was significantly associated with the risk of CKD progressing to an eGFR <30 mL/min. This trend was similar in the slope of eGFR. An FPG ≥105 mg/dL or an glycated hemoglobin level ≥6.5% was useful for intervening in CKD progression. Multivariate analysis showed that independent risk factors were an FPG level ≥105 mg/dL (HR 1.9; P < 0.001), age ≥60 years (HR 3.86; P < 0.001), obesity (HR 1.61; P < 0.01) and urinary protein (HR 1.55; P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: For early intervention against a reduction in the eGFR, detecting mild increases in FPG ≥105 mg/dL in patients with CKD with or without diabetes is useful.
Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride, USP is the prototype for the benzodiazepine compounds. It is a versatile therapeutic agent of proven value for the relief of anxiety. Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride, USP is among the safer of the effective psychopharmacologic compounds available, as demonstrated by extensive clinical evidence.

Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride, USP is 7-chloro-2-(methylamino)-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide hydrochloride. A white to practically white crystalline substance, it is soluble in water. It is unstable in solution and the powder must be protected from light. The structural formula is:

C16H14ClN3O • HCl M.W. 336.22

Each capsule, for oral administration, contains either 5 mg, 10 mg or 25 mg of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride, USP and has the following inactive ingredients: anhydrous lactose, D&C yellow no. 10, FD&C blue no. 1, FD&C blue no. 1 aluminum lake, gelatin, hydrogenated vegetable oil, microcrystalline cellulose, pharmaceutical glaze, propylene glycol, and titanium dioxide. The 5 mg and 25 mg also contain D&C yellow no. 10 aluminum lake, FD&C blue no. 2 aluminum lake, FD&C red no. 40 aluminum lake, and synthetic black iron oxide. In addition, the 5 mg contains D&C red no. 33 and the 10 mg also contains FD&C red no. 40, povidone, and sodium hydroxide.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p) is a major component in humidifier disinfectants, which cause life-threatening lung injuries. However, to our knowledge, no published studies have investigated associations between PHMG-p dose and lung damage severity with long-term follow-up. Therefore, we evaluated longitudinal dose-dependent changes in lung injuries using repeated chest computed tomography (CT). Rats were exposed to low (0.2 mg/kg, n = 10), intermediate (1.0 mg/kg, n = 10), and high (5.0 mg/kg, n = 10) doses of PHMG-p. All rats underwent repeated CT scans after 10 and 40 weeks following the first exposure. All CT images were quantitatively analyzed using commercial software. Inflammation/fibrosis and tumor counts underwent histopathological evaluation. In both radiological and histopathologic results, the lung damage severity increased as the PHMG-p dose increased. Moreover, the number, size, and malignancy of the lung tumors increased as the dose increased. Bronchiolar-alveolar hyperplasia developed in all groups. During follow-up, there was intergroup variation in bronchiolar-alveolar hyperplasia progression, although bronchiolar-alveolar adenomas or carcinomas usually increase in size over time. Thirty-three carcinomas were detected in the high-dose group in two rats. Overall, lung damage from PHMG-p and the number and malignancy of lung tumors were shown to be dose-dependent in a rat model using repeated chest CT scans during a long-term follow-up.
Clinical studies of isosorbide mononitrate extended-release tablets did not include sufficient information on patients age 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Other reported clinical experience for isosorbide mononitrate extended-release tablets has not identified differences in response between elderly and younger patients. Clinical experience for organic nitrates reported in the literature identified a potential for severe hypotension and increased sensitivity to nitrates in the elderly. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

Elderly patients may have reduced baroreceptor function and may develop severe orthostatic hypotension when vasodilators are used. Isosorbide Mononitrate Extended-Release Tablets should therefore be used with caution in elderly patients who may be volume depleted, on multiple medications or who, for whatever reason, are already hypotensive. Hypotension induced by isosorbide mononitrate may be accompanied by paradoxical bradycardia and increased angina pectoris.

Elderly patients may be more susceptible to hypotension and may be at a greater risk of falling at therapeutic doses of nitroglycerin.

Nitrate therapy may aggravate the angina caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, particularly in the elderly.
BACKGROUND: Despite the known association between chronic inflammation and reduced muscle mass, there is a gap in research regarding the association between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and sarcopenic obesity (SO). This study aims to assess the relationship between SII and SO in middle-aged and elderly adults and the mediating role of triglyceride-glucose index (TyG).
METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 2,719 participants aged 45-90 years who underwent health check-ups. SO was evaluated by combining sarcopenia [assessed by handgrip strength and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI)] with obesity (determined by body fat percentage). Association between SII and SO, sarcopenia, and obesity in middle-aged and elderly individuals was examined using multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and subgroup analysis. Bidirectional mediation analysis was conducted to determine the direct and indirect effects through SII and TyG.
RESULTS: The study included 2,719 participants, of which 228 had SO (8.4%). SO prevalence increased as the SII quartiles rose (Pfor trend <0.001). SII (per SD increase) had a significantly positive association with SO in both middle-aged individuals (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.43 ~ 1.99) and older adults (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.68 ~ 3.77). The relationship between SII and SO was found to be non-linear (Pnonlinear<0.05). In addition, SII showed a strong negative relationship with both handgrip strength and ASMI across all participants. In subgroup analysis, SII was still shown to significantly increase the risk of SO in all subgroups by gender, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia. TyG was found to mediate 21.36%, 11.78%, and 9.94% of the associations between SII and SO, sarcopenia, and obesity, respectively. SII had no mediation effect on the association between TyG and SO, sarcopenia, and obesity (P>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of SII were associated with an increased risk of SO in middle-aged and elderly adults, especially in the elderly population, and elevated TyG levels played a role in this relationship.
The children included in the active arm will undergo, along with their parents (by child's age and wish), a structured individual TPE session between W0 and W2. This session will be conducted by the nurse trained in TPE. The session will be one hour long.
There is little evidence of the long-term consequences of maintaining sanitary hot water at high temperatures on the persistence of Legionella in the plumbing system. The aims of this study were to describe the persistence and genotypic variability of L. pneumophila in a hospital building with two entirely independent hot water distribution systems, and to estimate the thermotolerance of the genotypic variants by studying the quantity of VBNC L. pneumophila. Eighty isolates from 55 water samples obtained between the years 2012-2017 were analyzed. All isolates correspond to L. pneumophila serogroup 6. The isolates were discriminated in four restriction patterns by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In one installation, pattern A + Aa predominated, accounting for 75.8 % of samples, while the other installation exhibited pattern B as the most frequent (81.8 % of samples; p < 0.001). The mean temperature of the isolates was: 52.6 °C (pattern A + Aa) and 55.0 °C (pattern B), being significantly different. Nine strains were selected as representative among patterns to study their thermotolerance by flow-cytometry after 24 h of thermic treatment. VBNC bacteria were detected in all samples. After thermic treatment at 50 °C, 52.0 % of bacteria had an intact membrane, and after 55 °C this percentage decreased to 23.1 %. Each pattern exhibited varying levels of thermotolerance. These findings indicate that the same hospital building can be colonized with different predominant types of Legionella if it has independent hot water installations. Maintaining a minimum temperature of 50 °C at distal points of the system would allow the survival of replicative L. pneumophila. However, the presence of Legionella in hospital water networks is underestimated if culture is considered as the standard method for Legionella detection, because VBNC do not grow on culture plates. This phenomenon can carry implications for the Legionella risk management plans in hospitals that adjust their control measures based on the microbiological surveillance of water.
PURPOSE: To evaluate outcomes following explantation of percutaneous or transcutaneous bone conduction implants (pBCIs or tBCIs) and subsequent implantation of transcutaneous active bone conduction hearing devices (BCHDs); to provide guidance regarding staging of surgery and adjunctive procedures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review of eight adult subjects (ten ears) with pBCIs or tBCIs who underwent explantation of their device and subsequent implantation with a BCHD [MED-EL BONEBRIDGE™ (n = 7, 70 %) or Cochlear™ Osia® (n = 3, 30 %)].
RESULTS: Reasons for pBCI or tBCI explantation were pain (60 %, 6/10), infection (60 %, 6/10), skin overgrowth (50 %, 5/10), and inability to obtain new processors (20 %, 2/10). Median time between pBCI or tBCI removal and BCHD staged implant was 4.7 (IQR 2.2-8.1) months. Two subjects developed complications following BCHD implantation. One had a persistent wound overlying the osseointegrated screw after removal of the pBCI abutment, requiring removal and temporalis rotational flap. Staged Osia® implantation was performed, but ultimately wound dehiscence developed over the device. The second subject experienced an infection after BONEBRIDGE™ implantation (32 days after pBCI explant), necessitating washout and treatment with intravenous antibiotics. There was subsequent device failure.
CONCLUSION: The transition from a pBCI or tBCI to a novel transcutaneous device is nuanced. Staged pBCI or tBCI explantation and novel BCHD implantation with sufficient time for wound healing is vital. Adjunctive procedures to augment soft tissue in cases of prior attenuation may be required to avoid complications with larger internal devices.