anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) is identified as a severe vascular emergency, and the treatment strategy of MI/RI still needs further improvement. The present study aimed to investigate the potential effects of mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) on MI/RI and underlying mechanisms. In ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rats, MTH treatment significantly improved myocardial injury, attenuated myocardial infarction, and inhibited the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The results of proteomics identified SLC25A10 as the main target of MTH treatment. Consistently, SLC25A10 expressions in I/R rat myocardium and hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) cardiomyocytes were significantly suppressed, which was effectively reversed by MTH treatment. In H/R cardiomyocytes, MTH treatment significantly improved cell injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibited the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, which were partially reversed by SLC25A10 deletion. These findings suggested that MTH treatment could protect against MI/RI by modulating SLC25A10 expression to suppress mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, providing new theoretical basis for clinical application of MTH treatment for MI/RI.
Nalmefene hydrochloride injection (N=326) was studied in 5 controlled trials in patients who had received morphine or fentanyl intraoperatively. The primary efficacy criterion was the reversal of respiratory depression. A positive reversal was defined as both an increase in respiratory rate by 5 breaths per minute and a minimum respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute. Five minutes after administration, initial single nalmefene hydrochloride injection doses of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mcg/kg had effectively reversed respiratory depression in a dose-dependent manner. Twenty minutes after initial administration, respiratory depression had been effectively reversed in most patients receiving cumulative doses within the recommended range (0.1 to 1 mcg/kg). Total doses of nalmefene hydrochloride injection above 1 mcg/kg did not increase the therapeutic response. The postoperative administration of nalmefene hydrochloride at the recommended doses did not prevent the analgesic response to subsequently administered opioids.
INTRODUCTION: Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)-mediated homeostatic mechanism links to how sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) slow progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may link to how tolvaptan slows renal function decline in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
AREA COVERED: JGA-mediated homeostatic mechanism has been hypothesized based on investigations of tubuloglomerular feedback and renin-angiotensin system. We reviewed clinical trials of SGLT2is and tolvaptan to assess the relationship between this mechanism and these drugs.
EXPERT OPINION: When sodium load to macula densa (MD) increases, MD increases adenosine production, constricting afferent arteriole (Af-art) and protecting glomeruli. Concurrently, MD signaling suppresses renin secretion, increases urinary sodium excretion, and counterbalances reduced sodium filtration. However, when there is marked increase in sodium load per-nephron, as in advanced CKD, MD adenosine production increases, relaxing Af-art and maintaining sodium homeostasis at the expense of glomeruli. The beneficial effects of tolvaptan on renal function in ADPKD may also depend on the JGA-mediated homeostatic mechanisms since tolvaptan inhibits sodium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb.The JGA-mediated homeostatic mechanism regulates Af-arts, constricting to relaxing according to homeostatic needs. Understanding this mechanism may contribute to the development of pharmacotherapeutic compounds and better care for patients with CKD.
System and method for detecting and monitoring edema in a patient are described. Initially, a patient's tissue is irradiated with light by a light source. A detector collects reflected light from the patient's tissue and generates data associated with the reflected light. A processing device receives the data and reflected light and calculates an intensity of the reflected light. The processing device then determined, based upon the intensity of the reflected light, whether the patient's tissue exhibits any symptoms of edema. Additionally, the processing device can compare a current intensity of the reflected light against historic information to monitor for any changes in a patient's edema level or severity.
Many adults worldwide do not meet current physical activity (PA) guidelines. Mental fatigue decreases the likelihood of choosing to engage in PA. Message framing may enhance PA motivation when fatigued. We examined the effects of mental fatigue and message framing on PA motivation with additional focus on the messaging "congruency effect." Three hundred and twenty undergraduates completed measures of dispositional motivational orientation and were exposed to either gain-framed or loss-framed messages before completing an effort discounting questionnaire. Results showed lower motivation to engage in PA of higher intensities and longer durations. Direct effects of message framing on PA motivation were not significant. Interaction effects revealed that participants receiving messages congruent with their dominant motivational orientation showed increased motivation for light-intensity PA and decreased motivation for vigorous-intensity PA as mental fatigue increased. Findings suggest that providing messages congruent with one's dominant motivational orientation may increase motivation for engaging in light-intensity PA when fatigued.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The plant Arnica montana L. has been shown to alleviate inflammation, pain and swelling associated with trauma, and post-operative clinical conditions, yet the mechanism of action is not well understood.
AIM OF THE STUDY: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Arnica montana (A. montana) mother tincture and homeopathic dilutions on inflammation markers, oxidative stress and cell migration in diverse cell culture models.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We tested A. montana mother tincture and a range of homeopathic dilutions in different human and murine cell culture models to demonstrate their anti-inflammatory properties by measuring the inflammatory markers: tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell migration. The inflammatory markers were measured by ELISA assays. The intracellular oxidative stress (ROS) in microglial cells was measured using Deep Red CellROX probe. The cell migration was examined by wound healing using the Oris Cell migration assay.
RESULTS: These data showed the ability of A. montana (mother tincture and mainly 1C dilution) to significantly reduce TNFα production in inflamed macrophages compared with vehicle (control). They significantly reduced both IL-6 and MCP-1 in inflamed human microglial cells and significantly decreased COX-2 expression in inflamed murine fibroblasts. Moreover, A. montana mother tincture reduced the cell migration whereas 9C dilution significantly enhanced the migration of fibroblast cells compared with vehicle. The expression of ICAM-1 was significantly reduced with A. montana mother tincture and 1C, 3C, 5C, and 9C dilutions in inflamed human endothelial cells compared with vehicle. A. montana mother tincture and 1C, 3C, 5C and 9C dilutions induced a significant and consistent effect on ROS production in inflamed murine microglial cells. A. montana 1C had the largest impact on ROS production.
CONCLUSIONS: Mother tincture and 1C dilution of A. montana showed anti-inflammatory properties assessed by measurement of several markers (pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecule, ROS) in various human and murine cell models. In addition, A. montana 3C, 5C, 9C dilutions have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects as highlighted on both primary endothelial cells and murine microglial cells.
PURPOSE:To obtain a hydrophobic excellent in diagnostic accuracy and useful as an immunological diagnostic medicine in a state little in the denaturation of the antibody by reacting an antibody with a specific compound in an aqueous medium. CONSTITUTION:(A) An antibody, e.g. an immuno globulin such IgG or IgA, a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody derived from an animal, is reacted with (C) a 4-acyloxyphenyldimethylsulfonium.methylsulfate of the formula (R is a 2-29C alkyl, an aryl) in (B) an aqueous medium to obtain the objective antibody. The using amount of the component C is 0.01-100000 moles, preferably 1-10000 moles, per mole of the component A. The component B is water, a buffer solution, or their mixture with THF, etc., but the concentration of the organic solvent in the mixture solution is preferably <=20wt.%. The reaction temperature and the reaction time are preferably 4-40 deg.C and 1-24hrs, respectively, as the reaction conditions.
Chromosome inversions are of unique importance in the evolution of genomes and species because when heterozygous with a standard arrangement chromosome, they suppress meiotic crossovers within the inversion. In Drosophila species, heterozygous inversions also cause the interchromosomal effect, whereby the presence of a heterozygous inversion induces a dramatic increase in crossover frequencies in the remainder of the genome within a single meiosis. To date, the interchromosomal effect has been studied exclusively in species that also have high frequencies of inversions in wild populations. We took advantage of a recently developed approach for generating inversions in Drosophila simulans, a species that does not have inversions in wild populations, to ask if there is an interchromosomal effect. We used the existing chromosome 3R balancer and generated a new chromosome 2L balancer to assay for the interchromosomal effect genetically and cytologically. We found no evidence of an interchromosomal effect in D. simulans. To gain insights into the underlying mechanistic reasons, we qualitatively analyzed the relationship between meiotic double-stranded break (DSB) formation and synaptonemal complex (SC) assembly. We found that the SC is assembled prior to DSB formation as in D. melanogaster; however, we show that the SC is assembled prior to localization of the oocyte determination factor Orb, whereas in D. melanogaster, SC formation does not begin until the Orb is localized. Together, our data show no evidence that heterozygous inversions in D. simulans induce an interchromosomal effect and that there are differences in the developmental programming of the early stages of meiosis.
The invention discloses clove vinegar which comprises, by weight, 20-30 parts of sorghum flour, 4-6 parts of Daqu powder, 0.8-1.2 parts of amylase, 0.004-0.006 part of diastase, 0.002-0.004 part of wine yeast, 20-30 parts of bran, 40-50 parts of rice bran, 1-3 parts of edible salt, 0.8-1.2 parts of clove extracting solution, 0.1-5 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 0.1-2 parts of schisandra chinensis, 0.1-2 parts of medlar, 1-20 parts of white granulated sugar and 0.4-0.8 part of sodium benzoate. The invention also discloses a clove vinegar brewing process. The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. warming spleen and nourishing stomach: the clove vinegar is used for treating a series of symptoms caused by deficiency-cold of spleen and stomach, and also has the effect of resisting ulcer. 2. Warming kidney and supporting yang: the clove vinegar can be used for adjuvant treatment of sexual impotence and infertility due to cold womb caused by kidney yang deficiency. 3. Sterilization and preservation effects: the clove vinegar also has certain anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antibacterial effects. 4. The taste is special: the clove vinegar is used as flavoring agent for flavoring. It is often used for making pot-stewed dishes and also for making cakes and beverages.
Tranexamic acid is a commonly used hemostatic agent with broad clinical uses across multiple specialties. Systemic toxicity is due to gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and glycine receptor competitive antagonism and has been reported by multiple routes, but toxicity after pulmonary administration via nebulization and BAL has not yet been described. A 44-year-old man with a history of congenital pulmonary arteriovenous malformations underwent routine bronchoscopy for hemoptysis. He received preprocedure nebulized tranexamic acid 500 mg three times daily for 48 h. An additional 1,000 mg was given via BAL for intraprocedural hemostasis. One hour after the procedure, he developed altered mental status, myoclonus, and hyperthermia, which was ultimately controlled with propofol and vecuronium. As the use of pulmonary tranexamic acid increases, toxicity from this agent should be considered. Dose reductions and alternate treatment modalities should be considered in patients with advanced age, arteriovenous malformations, and renal insufficiency.
PURPOSE:To obtain a transparent oily gel cosmetic, by blending silicic anhydride with a nonionic surfactant comprising a lipophilic surfactant having specific HLB value and a hydrophilic surfactant having specific HLB value and a liquid oil. CONSTITUTION:(A) Silicic anhydride (e.g. Aerosil 200 or Aerosil R-972) is blended with (B) 0.1-50wt.% nonionic surfactant and (C) >=60wt.% liquid oil to give a transparent oily gel cosmetic having excellent stability with time, proper viscosity or hardness. A combination of a lipophilic surfactant (e.g. sorbitan monooleate) liquid at normal temperature and having 98 HLB value and a hydrophilic surfactant (e.g. polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) having >=10 HLB value is used as the component B. By the combination, viscosity of the component A can be raised.
NEW MATERIAL:An oxacephamycin derivative shown by the formula I [R is a group shown by the formula II (R<1> is H, acyl, loweralkanesulfonyl, or arylsulfonyl; R<2> is H or halogen), cyanomethylthioacetyl, etc.] and its pharmaceutically acceptable salt. EXAMPLE:7beta-Cyanomethylthioacetamido-7-alpha-methoxy-3(1-methyl-1H-t etrazole-5- yl)thiomethyl-1-oxadethia-cephem-4-carboxylic acid. USE:An antibacterial agent. Having improved antibacterial activity on a wide range of bacteria. Suitable for oral or parenteral administration. PROCESS:For example, a compound shown by the formula III (M is COOH protecting group or salt-forming group) is reacted with an acid shown by the formula IV or its reactive derivative, and, if necessary, the protecting group is removed, to give a compound shown by the formula I or its salt.
Folic acid acts on megaloblastic bone marrow to produce a normoblastic marrow.

In man, an exogenous source of folate is required for nucleoprotein synthesis and the maintenance of normal erythropoiesis. Folic acid is the precursor of tetrahydrofolic acid, which is involved as a cofactor for transformylation reactions in the biosynthesis of purines and thymidylates of nucleic acids. Impairment of thymidylate synthesis in patients with folic acid deficiency is thought to account for the defective deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis that leads to megaloblast formation and megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias.

Folic acid is absorbed rapidly from the small intestine, primarily from the proximal portion. Naturally occurring conjugated folates are reduced enzymatically to folic acid in the gastrointestinal tract prior to absorption. Folic acid appears in the plasma approximately 15 to 30 minutes after an oral dose; peak levels are generally reached within 1 hour. After intravenous administration, the drug is rapidly cleared from the plasma. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of folic acid are several times greater than serum levels of the drug. Folic acid is metabolized in the liver to 7, 8-dihydrofolic acid and eventually to 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydrofolic acid with the aid of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPNH) and folate reductases. Tetrahydrofolic acid is linked in the N 5 or N 10 positions with formyl, hydroxymethyl, methyl, or formimino groups. N5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid is leucovorin. Tetrahydrofolic acid derivatives are distributed to all body tissues but are stored primarily in the liver. Normal serum levels of total folate have been reported to be 5 to 15 ng/mL; normal cerebrospinal fluid levels are approximately 16 to 21 ng/mL. Normal erythrocyte folate levels have been reported to range from 175 to 316 ng/mL. In general, folate serum levels below 5 ng/mL indicate folate deficiency, and levels below 2 ng/mL usually result in megaloblastic anemia. 

After a single oral dose of 100 mcg of folic acid in a limited number of normal adults, only a trace amount of the drug appeared in the urine. An oral dose of 5 mg in 1 study and a dose of 40 mcg/kg of body weight in another study resulted in approximately 50% of the dose appearing in the urine. After a single oral dose of 15 mg, up to 90% of the dose was recovered in the urine. A majority of the metabolic products appeared in the urine after 6 hours; excretion was generally complete within 24 hours. Small amounts of orally administered folic acid have also been recovered in the feces. Folic acid is also excreted in the milk of lactating mothers.
Formulations are provided for the trigger and release of bioenergy. The formulations generally include a trigger complex, an elemental complex and a coenzyme-vitamin B complex. The trigger complex is high in fiber and includes at least one metal-binding protein in an alkaline buffer system. The elemental complex includes one or more trace element as a suitable salt. The coenzyme-vitamin B complex includes one or more coenzyme, coenzyme precursor and/or B-vitamin. The compositions can be administered orally in a variety of forms.
The invention discloses a freeze-drying combination of itraconazole nanosuspension for injection and preparation and using methods of the nanosuspension. The invention selects serum albumin of the human as main adjunct; itraconazole nano-sized granulation can be successfully realized by adopting the drying technology and freeze drying technology in combined liquid of high pressure homogenization  nanometer emulsification technology;  and  the invention can be filtered to  sterilize and can be stored in the form of freeze-dried powder. The itraconazole nanosuspension is prepared in acceptable waterborne diluent in pharmacy, and then the average particle size of the itraconazole nanosuspension is less than 0.3  microns after reconstruction, so the itraconazole nanosuspension can be made into nanosuspension for intravenous injection. The nanosuspension is composed of  the following components : the ratio between the itraconazole and albumin is 1 : 200 to 10 : 1; and the nanosuspension also comprises surfactant, stent agent, osmo-regulator and other injection additives, etc. The nanosuspension has the advantages of drug loading, safety, low toxicity, high  stability and good warming promotion without hemolysis or stimulation on vein vascular. And the preparation method is simple and easy, and thus the product forming can be realized easily.
* Promethazine hydrochloride injection has been reported to cause severe chemical irritation and damage to tissues, including gangrene, regardless of the route of parenteral administration. Intra-arterial and subcutaneous administration have resulted in more significant complications. The use of promethazine hydrochloride injection by intravenous injection at concentrations greater than 1 mg/mL, intra- arterial injection, or subcutaneous injection is contraindicated (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).
  * Irritation and damage can result from perivascular extravasation, intra- arterial injection, and intraneuronal or perineuronal infiltration. Inadvertent intra-arterial injection can cause severe arteriospasm. Other reported adverse reactions included burning, pain, erythema, swelling, sensory loss, palsies, paralysis, severe spasm of distal vessels, thrombophlebitis, venous thrombosis, phlebitis, abscesses, tissue necrosis, and gangrene. In some cases, surgical intervention, including fasciotomy, skin graft, and/or amputation have been required.
  * The preferred route of administration of promethazine hydrochloride injection is by deep intramuscular administration.
  * Promethazine hydrochloride injection may be administered intravenously after dilution through an intravenous catheter inserted in a large vein. Preferably through a central venous catheter (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
  * If pain occurs at the injection site during intravenous infusion, immediately discontinue the infusion, evaluate for possible arterial injection or perivascular extravasation, and initiate appropriate medical management.
NEW MATERIAL:A peptide wherein the same or different T cell-recognizing sites of an acetyl choline acceptor alpha-subunit are conjugated to both the terminals of a B cell-recognizing site. USE:A drug treating and diagnosing myasthenia gravis. PREPARATION:The peptide wherein the same or different T cell-recognizing sites of an acetyl choline acceptor alpha subunit are conjugated to both the terminals of a B cell-recognizing site is synthesized e.g. by a solid phase synthetic method. An amino acid sequence whose alpha-amino groups, etc., are protected is bound in order to a solid carrier from the C-terminal side of the peptide in accordance to the amino acid sequence of the peptide in the presence of a condensing agent, and the alpha-amino-protecting group, is removed. The processes are repeated to synthesize a protected peptide chain on the solid carrier, and the product is subjected to a protecting group-removing reaction and to the separation of the peptide from the solid carrier by the use of an HF reaction device, followed by purifying the peptide by a high performance liquid chromatography to provide the novel peptide.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by widespread inflammation affecting various organs. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress and gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of SLE and evaluates the therapeutic potential of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg). Oxidative stress contributes to SLE by causing impairment in the function of mitochondria, resulting in reactive oxygen species production, which triggers autoantigenicity and proinflammatory cytokines. Gut microbiota also plays a significant role in SLE. Dysbiosis has been associated to disease's onset and progression. Moreover, dysbiosis exacerbates SLE symptoms and influences systemic immunity, leading to a breakdown in bacterial tolerance and an increase in inflammatory responses. High-dose IVIg has emerged as a promising treatment for refractory cases of SLE. The beneficial effects of IVIg are partly due to its antioxidant property, reducing oxidative stress markers and modulating the immune responses. Additionally, IVIg can normalize the gut flora, as demonstrated in a case of severe intestinal pseudo-obstruction. In summary, both oxidative stress and dysregulation of microbiota are pivotal in the pathogenesis of SLE. The use of IVIg may improve the disease's outcome. Future research should be directed to elucidating the precise mechanisms by which oxidative stress and microbiota are linked with autoimmunity in SLE in developing targeted therapies.