anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In a two-year study in Sprague-Dawley rats, budesonide caused a statistically significant increase in the incidence of gliomas in male rats at an oral dose of 50 mcg/kg (approximately 0.4 and 0.1 times, respectively, the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose in adults and children 12 months to 8 years of age on a mcg/m2 basis). No tumorigenicity was seen in male rats at oral doses up to 25 mcg/kg (approximately 0.2 and 0.06 times, respectively, the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose in adults and children 12 months to 8 years of age on a mcg/m2 basis) and in female rats at oral doses up to 50 mcg/kg (approximately 0.4 and 0.1 times, respectively, the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose in adults and children 12 months to 8 years of age on a mcg/m2 basis). In two additional two-year studies in male Fischer and Sprague-Dawley rats, budesonide caused no gliomas at an oral dose of 50 mcg/kg (approximately 0.4 and 0.1 times, respectively, the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose in adults and children 12 months to 8 years of age on a mcg/m2 basis). However, in the male Sprague-Dawley rats, budesonide caused a statistically significant increase in the incidence of hepatocellular tumors at an oral dose of 50 mcg/kg (approximately 0.4 and 0.1 times, respectively, the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose in adults and children 12 months to 8 years of age on a mcg/m2 basis). The concurrent reference corticosteroids (prednisolone and triamcinolone acetonide) in these two studies showed similar findings. 

In a 91-week study in mice, budesonide caused no treatment-related carcinogenicity at oral doses up to 200 mcg/kg (approximately 0.8 and 0.2 times, respectively, the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose in adults and children 12 months to 8 years of age on a mcg/m2 basis). 

Budesonide was not mutagenic or clastogenic in six different test systems: Ames Salmonella/microsome plate test, mouse micronucleus test, mouse lymphoma test, chromosome aberration test in human lymphocytes, sex-linked recessive lethal test in Drosophila melanogaster, and DNA repair analysis in rat hepatocyte culture. 

In rats, budesonide had no effect on fertility at subcutaneous doses up to 80 mcg/kg approximately 0.6 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose in adults on a mcg/m2 basis. However, it caused a decrease in prenatal viability and viability in the pups at birth and during lactation, along with a decrease in maternal body-weight gain, at subcutaneous doses of 20 mcg/kg and above approximately 0.2 times than the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose in adults on a mcg/m2 basis. No such effects were noted at 5 mcg/kg (approximately 0.04 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose in adults on a mcg/m2 basis).
Up to 10 subjects diagnosed with stable chronic heart failure (CHF) on high oral diuretic dose and an MDRD eGFR \> 30ml/min/1.73m2 will undergo subcutaneous implantation of the alfapump DSR system (Day-13) and portacath system and participate in a 6 week interventional study. Prior to an inpatient study period, the subject will undergo a 40mg IV furosemide (or 1 mg IV bumetanide) diuretic challenge with timed biospecimen collection. On day 14 post-implant (Day 0), the subject will be admitted for a 14-day period in which diuretics will be withheld and subjects will be on a strict low-sodium (3g/day) diet with strict intake/output and all urine collected and samples saved for analysis. During the first 7 days (Day 0 - 6) subjects will be treated with 1000ml of DSR Infusate Monday, Wednesday, Friday administered to the peritoneal cavity through the subcutaneous peritoneal catheter. The infusate will remain in the peritoneal cavity for a 2 hour dwell time, then all fluid will be removed from the peritoneal cavity to the urinary bladder using the alfapump DSR system over the subsequent 8 hours. On day 7, subjects will be transitioned to a moderate to high salt diet given as the same low-sodium (3g/day) diet with supplementation with sodium chloride tablets (2g/day) (5g/day total sodium), as this will likely represent their typical home sodium intake. During this time, the optimal treatment protocol (frequency of administration and volume of DSR infusate administered) for individual subjects based on daily sodium balance, weight changes, and blood pressure will be created and tested over the next seven days in hospital (Day 7 - 13). Following the inpatient period, a second diuretic challenge will be conducted. Over the subsequent 28 days, diuretics will continue to be withheld with preferential maintenance of euvolemia through DSR and subjects will come into the clinic based on their tailored therapy schedule and undergo supervised DSR infusate administration. Addition of diuretic treatment will only be allowed if maximal DSR therapy has been instituted (DSR 7 days per week (i.e., including weekends) at 1.5L per session with dwell time of 4 hours) and/or holding diuretics until additional DSR can be utilized would represent a risk to the subject, as described in the CIP diuretic algorithm.

After the completion of the study period, the alfapump DSR therapy is halted and the subject undergoes a third diuretic challenge to quantify diuretic response. At this point oral diuretic therapy will be resumed. At the end of the study the alfapump can remain implanted and set to 'dormant' state after discussion and agreement between subject and investigator, and if there are no clinical, ethical or other reasons indicating explanation of the alfapump. Alternatively, the subject may elect to enroll into a low intensity follow-on study.
PURPOSE:To provide the subjcet novel antibiotic having an excellent activity for agricultural and horticultural herbicides, plant growth agents and germicides. CONSTITUTION:An antibiotic substance NK10958. The melting point: 78+ or -2 deg.C; molecular formula: C19H32O4; appearance: colorless crystal; solubility: easily soluble in chloroform, acetone, etc.; soluble in methanol and n-hexane; hardly soluble in water; coloring reaction: positive to sulfuric acid or vanillin sulfate; the distinction of the substance: neutral. The antibiotic is produced by culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Streptomyces capable of producing the antibiotic NK10958 [e.g. Streptomyces SP NK10958 (FERM 12317)], and subsequently isolating and purifying the cultured product by a known method. The culture is preferably performed at 20-45 deg.C at a slightly acidic to slightly alkaline pH by a deep stirring culture method. The culturing time is usually for 1-5 days.
Nobiletin (NBT) is a unique flavonoid mainly found in citrus fruits and has been reported to inhibit colon carcinogenesis in multiple rodent models. However, the direct molecular targets of NBT are unknown, which greatly limits its utilization in cancer prevention and treatment. In this study, using affinity chromatography, proteomics, computer modeling and various biochemical analyses, for the first time we identified HSC70 as a direct protein target of NBT in colon cancer cells. Moreover, NBT bound to HSC70 at its ATP-binding site and inhibited its ATPase activity. Importantly, our results also demonstrated that the major colonic metabolites of NBT (generated in the colon of NBT-fed mice) produced similar inhibitory effects against HSC70-mediated pro-carcinogenic events to those of NBT. Overall, our results provide a solid basis to further investigate the implication of the interaction between NBT/NBT metabolites and HSC70 in cancer chemoprevention.
Agents for treating non-infectious skin diseases contain beta-glucuronidase in a usual pharmaceutical or cosmetic carrier material. Used for treatment and prophylaxis of non-contageous skin disorders, esp. psoriasis, acne, seborrhoeic and hyper keratinic eczema, senile pruitis, exthema, efflorescence, and contact eczemas. The agents can be used medicinally for rehabilitating skin and mucous membranes and as cosmetics for improving skin moisture and elasticity. They are esp. useful for restoring the physiological stage of skin and mucous membranes and for percutaneous use in arthritis psoriatica. In addition, beta-glucuronidase accelerates the absorption of other cosmetic and therapeutic agents. They are highly active preparations with no injurious or unpleasant side effects.
Participants will be randomized to apply nicotine transdermal patches during waking hours. Active dose will titrate up from 3.5mg to 7mg in the first 3 weeks. Doses can be optionally titrated to a maximum of 14mg over 12 weeks, based on tolerability and perceived benefit. After 12 weeks, the patch dose will be tapered over 2-3 weeks.
Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of unilateral vertebral artery V4 segment occlusive lesions (severe stenosis or occlusion), where the contralateral vertebral artery can be compensated through blood flow and reverse supply to the posterior inferior cerebellarartery (PICA). Methods: This study is a retrospective case series of 66 patients with V4 segment occlusive lesions of unilateral vertebral artery diagnosed and treated from June 2020 to October 2022. Patient data were retrospectively collected, and their hemodynamic characteristics and imaging data were analyzed. Results: Of the 66 cases, 11 patients (16.7%) with V4 segment occlusive disease showed the blood flow of the vertebral artery on the opposite side of the lesion on the digital subtraction angiography (DSA), which can be reverse stolen to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery of the diseased side through the confluence point of the vertebrobasilar artery through the distal end of the ipsilateral vertebral artery V4. Owing to the lack of literature on this pathway and based on the characteristics of previous definitions of subclavian artery steal and carotid artery steal, we referred to this pathway as the vertebral artery V4 segment steal. In 6 patients (9.1%), transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) and transcranial color Doppler ultrasound (TCCD) showed that the blood flow signal was not detected at the proximal end of the V4 segment of the affected side, rather the blood flow direction was reversed at the distal end of the V4 segment, resulting in compensatory acceleration of the blood flow velocity of the V4 segment of the contralateral vertebral artery. Conclusion: "V4 segment steal of vertebral artery" is a very rare route of vertebral artery steal. When V4 segment of the vertebral artery is occluded, clinicians should pay attention to observe the blood supply of PICA and whether there is such a steal route, to better evaluate the blood flow compensation and prognosis of patients.
Prior to initiation of caffeine citrate, baseline serum levels of caffeine should be measured in infants previously treated with theophylline, since preterm infants metabolize theophylline to caffeine. Likewise, baseline serum levels of caffeine should be measured in infants born to mothers who consumed caffeine prior to delivery, since caffeine readily crosses the placenta.

The recommended loading dose and maintenance doses of caffeine citrate follow.

NOTE THAT THE DOSE OF CAFFEINE BASE IS ONE-HALF THE DOSE WHEN EXPRESSED AS CAFFEINE CITRATE (e.g., 20 mg of caffeine citrate is equivalent to 10 mg of caffeine base).

Serum concentrations of caffeine may need to be monitored periodically throughout treatment to avoid toxicity. Serious toxicity has been associated with serum levels greater than 50 mg/L.

Caffeine citrate should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. Vials containing discolored solution or visible particulate matter should be discarded.
Pregnancy is an excellent opportunity to provide medical interventions to women. It is also a stress test used to predict health. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are critical factors for pregnancy complications such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), large or small gestational age infants, and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). These complications are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is a leading cause of mortality in women. In addition, complications adversely affect the short- and long-term prognoses of children. Optimal GWG to reduce complications is recommended based on pre-pregnancy BMI; however, racial differences should also be noted. The values in the Japanese guidelines are lower than those in the American Institute of Medicine guidelines. The Asian BMI thresholds for CVD risk are also lower than those in Europe. Therefore, weight management should be based on racial/genetic background. Interpregnancy weight gain or loss has also been reported to be associated with the risk of pregnancy complications; however, few studies have been conducted in Asian populations. Our previous reports suggested that avoiding an excess of 0.6 kg/m2/year of annual BMI gain may reduce the risk of HDP or GDM, and insufficient gain of < 0.25 kg/m2/year may increase sPTB recurrence. Annual BMI is useful for practical weight control during interpregnancy. Based on these findings, effective approaches should be established to improve the health of women and their offspring.
All patients who are candidates for surgical mitral valve repair through minimally-invasive access according to the standard of care will be considered for inclusion in this clinical study. All patients will undergo cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) exam before the surgery, as well as at 3 months follow-up.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by dysregulated immune responses and a multifactorial etiology. While imatinib has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of immune-related diseases, its potential effects in IBD treatment remain underexplored.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of imatinib in colitis treatment. A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model was used to mimic IBD in mice. Imatinib was administered orally to mice simultaneously with DSS treatment. The effects of imatinib on DSS-induced colitis were evaluated by analyzing colitis-related pathology, including the disease activity index (DAI), histological lesions, inflammatory markers, and tight junction integrity. Additionally, western blot analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to assess inflammatory markers, tight-junction proteins, and cell death.
RESULTS: In the DSS-induced colitis model, imatinib treatment exerted protective effects by attenuating weight loss, restoring colon length, reducing spleen weight, and improving the DAI score and histological lesions. Additionally, imatinib reduced the level of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Furthermore, imatinib treatment restored tight-junction integrity and decreased the expression of apoptosis marker proteins.
CONCLUSION: Overall, imatinib treatment significantly alleviated the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis by influencing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, tight junction proteins, and apoptotic markers in mice. These findings highlight imatinib as a potential therapeutic candidate for IBD.
Will have the limb exsanguinated and an above knee tourniquet inflated to 300 mmHg. Immediately following tourniquet inflation, Group B will receive 500mg of vancomycin, via an EZ-IO intraosseous cannula. The vancomycin would be administered in 150ml of saline solution. The intraosseous cannula would be placed into the epiphysis of the proximal tibia. The tourniquet will be left inflated for 10 minutes following completion of the IORA injection then deflated.
Smoking is a major risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD) and is responsible for the death of one in three patients with cardiovascular diseases. Smoking cessation is one of the most favorable methods for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases; even for patients with a heart disease, quitting smoking can reduce the chance of a relapse of said disease. However, the Health Promotion Administration revealed that among male patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 79.5% had smoked and 35.6% continued to smoke after an episode of AMI. Although previous studies confirmed that health education and exercises can increase smoking cessation rates, patients' lack of motivation to quit smoking has resulted in a failure rate of 65.5%. Therefore, identifying methods to strengthen patients' motivation to quit smoking is a key to successfully achieving smoking cessation.

The purpose of the study is to adopt the Trans-theoretical Model to facilitate step-by-step changes in a patient's smoking behavior and explore the effect of "Cognitive-Behavioral Education Course" and "Exercise Program" on Smoking cessation, physical health, and mental health of smokers with CAD. This study is composed of three stages in three years period, recruiting patients (who meet the selection criteria) from the cardiology department of a medical center in northern Taiwan. For the first stage, a cross-sectional method will be employed to investigate the relationship between smoking status and various physiological and psychological indicators in patients with CAD. For the second stage, subjects who are at the smoking cessation stage of "precontemplation" and "contemplation" will be recruited.

A quasi-experimental design will be used to determine the effects of a four-week cognitive-behavioral education course related to smoking cessation on the participants' smoking cessation behavior, smoking decision-making, and self-efficacy in smoking cessation. For the third stage, subjects from Stages 1 and 2 who are at the "preparation " and "action" stage will be recruited and randomly divided into experimental or control group to identify the effect of a 12-week brisk walking on improving the participants' immediate (short-term), three-month, and six month (long-term) health status. The primary indicator used for health status evaluation is smoking cessation success rate; the secondary indicators used are physiological status (i.e., nicotine addiction, lung carbon monoxide concentration, heart rate variability, and smoking withdrawal syndrome) and psychological status (i.e., depression and resilience). SPSS for Window 24.0 software will be used in statistical analysis. The type one error is 0.05. In inferences analysis, chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t test, one-way ANOVA and post hoc comparison (scheffe) test will be used to examine the variance among groups. Finally, ANCOVA and GEE mode will be used to test the effectiveness of intervention at stage 1 and stage 2, respectively.
PURPOSE: Persons with post-COVID condition are a growing population requiring support returning to everyday life. Energy management education (EME) is a group self-management intervention based on energy conservation and management strategies delivered by occupational therapists. Data on the effectiveness of EME in persons with long COVID-related fatigue still need to be provided. This study aims to investigate procedural and methodological parameters to plan a future study analyzing the effectiveness of EME in individuals with post-COVID-19 conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pre-post design was used. The procedural data was collected regarding eligibility, reasons for participation decline, dropout, and follow-up rates. Changes in self-efficacy in using energy management strategies, fatigue impact, competency in daily activities, and quality of life were collected three times. Implemented behavior strategies at five months from EME were documented.
RESULTS: During five months, 17 of 30 eligible participants were included in the study. No dropouts were registered during the intervention period. The follow-up response rate was 70%. The effect size was large in three out of four outcomes post-intervention, with a tendency to increase at follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the feasibility of study procedures and reported promising effect sizes for EME that should be further researched.
Penile squamous cell carcinoma is a rare, highly aggressive cancer of older men. The metastatic stage has significant therapeutic and prognostic features. Treatment of penile cancer is significantly influenced by the operation, in which an R0 situation must be achieved to ensure a realistic chance of cure. Other local therapeutic procedures such as radiotherapy are often of secondary importance. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy are relevant components of multimodal therapy. Post-therapeutically, patients require lifelong, risk-adapted follow-up care.
Tumor antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies, block oncogenic signaling and induce Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated cytotoxicity, are considered to be one of the most successful strategies in cancer therapy. Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against HER2, was investigated in combination with chemotherapy for first-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. The use of cellular immunotherapy has increased significantly over the past two decades. Natural killer cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that have the ability to recognize and kill malignant cells. There is growing evidence show antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by NK cells contributes to the efficacy of Herceptin. Therefore, methods to enhance ADCC, such as stimulating the innate immune response, may clinically translate to improved antitumor activity. In this study, the investigators sought to enhance the clinical activity of trastuzumab, administrated in combination with expanded autologous NK cells. The enrolled patients are diagnosed HER2+ advanced gastric cancer. The eligible patient will administrate herceptin on 2 days prior to blood collection. The initial dose of herceptin is 8 mg/kg over 90 minutes IV infusion. On day 0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated from 40-50ml blood by density gradient centrifugation. Then were cultured with human NK cell culture medium and stimulation cytokines in a humidified, 5% carbon dioxide incubator for about 14 days. After NK expansion and verification that the resulting NK cells meet purity, gram stain, and endotoxin release criteria, NK cells were washed and resuspended in isotonic sodium chloride. NK cellular therapy conduct 2 cycles per year. The maintenance dose of herceptin monotherapy is 6 mg/kg over 30 to 90 minutes IV infusion every 3 weeks. This study will determine the safety and efficacy of this novel combinational therapeutic strategy in HER2 positive gastric cancer.
Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is a relatively uncommon arrhythmia predominantly observed in infancy, often occurring after congenital heart surgery. Although JET is rare in adults, it can occur in the presence of myocardial ischaemia. We describe a woman in her early 70s who presented with multivessel ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention on left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery. She developed JET on the second day, resulting in haemodynamic compromise. Despite initial treatment attempts including amiodarone and beta-blocking agents proving insufficient in controlling JET, we successfully managed by administering ivabradine. Subsequently, she was discharged with recovered cardiac function without recurrence of JET. JET often proves refractory to multiple antiarrhythmic agents and can lead to unfavourable outcomes. Several case reports have demonstrated the effectiveness of ivabradine in treating JET during infancy, which can also be an effective therapeutic option for adult without adversely affecting haemodynamics.