anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE:To industrially and advantageously obtain a safflower extract which is a specific component useful as a vasodilator without containing a side effect component, e.g. blood coagulation inhibitory action, etc., by using a purification step of fractionating precipitation of hot water extract concentrate of safflower and separation and collection by reversed phase liquid chromatography. CONSTITUTION:For example, a water-soluble organic solvent is added to a hot water extract concentrate of safflower to carry out fractionating precipitation and give a supernatant, which is then concentrated. The resultant concentrate is redissolved in water and subjected to reversed phase liquid chromatography. When water is passed as a mobile phase, only a fraction which is not held is recovered to afford the aimed safflower extract having a main peak at k'=0.5-6 when measured by high-speed liquid chromatography under conditions as follows; Column; ODS (5mu) 4phiX250mm. Mobile phase; acetic acid/acetonitrile/water=0.1/1/98.9. RI or UV (254nm). In the above-mentioned purification step, dyestuff components, blood platelet agglutination inhibitory components and and blood coagulation inhibitory components can be removed and the vasodilator action can be remarkably improved at the same time.
BACKGROUND: Machine learning (ML) has been successfully implemented for classification tasks (e.g., cancer diagnosis). ML performance for more challenging predictions is largely unexplored. This study's objective was to compare machine learning vs. expert-informed predictions for surgical outcome in patients undergoing major liver surgery.
METHODS: Single tertiary center data on preoperative parameters and postoperative complications for elective hepatic surgery patients were included (2008-2021). Expert-informed prediction models were established on 14 parameters identified by two expert liver surgeons to impact on postoperative outcome. ML models used all available preoperative patient variables (n = 62). Model performance was compared for predicting 3-month postoperative overall morbidity. Temporal validation and additional analysis in major liver resection patients were conducted.
RESULTS: 889 patients included. Expert-informed models showed low average bias (2-5 CCI points) with high over/underprediction. ML models performed similarly: average prediction 5-10 points higher than observed CCI values with high variability (95% CI -30 to 50). No performance improvement for major liver surgery patients.
CONCLUSION: No clinical relevance in the application of ML for predicting postoperative overall morbidity was found. Despite being a novel hype, ML has the potential for application in clinical practice. However, at this stage it does not replace established approaches of prediction modelling.
BACKGROUND: The global prevalence of caesarean section as a delivery method is increasing worldwide. However, there is notable divergence among countries in their national guidelines regarding the optimal technique for blunt expansion hysterotomy of the low transverse uterine incision during caesarean section (cephalad-caudad or transverse).
AIM: To compare the risk of severe postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) between cephalad-caudad and transverse blunt expansion hysterotomy during caesarean section.
METHODS: This prospective comparative observational study was conducted in a university maternity hospital. All women who gave birth to one infant by caesarean section after 30 weeks of gestation between November 2020 and November 2021 were included in this study. The exclusion criteria were a coagulation disorder, the presence of placenta previa, multiple pregnancies, or enlargement of the hysterotomy with scissors. The choice between cephalad-caudad or transverse blunt expansion of the low transverse hysterotomy was left to the surgeon's discretion. The primary outcome measure was severe PPH, defined as estimated blood loss ≥ 1000 ml. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to assess the risk of severe PPH associated with the two methods of enlarging the low transverse hysterotomy.
RESULTS: The study included 850 women, of whom 404 underwent transverse blunt expansion and 446 underwent cephalad-caudad blunt expansion. The overall incidence of severe PPH was 13.3 %. Univariate analysis revealed no significant difference in the frequency of severe PPH between the cephalad-caudad and transverse blunt expansion groups (13.9 % vs 12.6 %; p = 0.61). However, the use of additional surgical sutures (mainly additional haemostatic stitches) was less common with cephalad-caudad blunt expansion (26.7 % vs 36.9 %; p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed no significant difference in risk between the two techniques (odds ratio 1.17, 95 % confidence interval 0.77-1.78).
CONCLUSION: No significant difference in the risk of severe PPH was found between cephalad-caudad and transverse blunt expansion of the low transverse hysterotomy during caesarean section.
The medicine conveying conformal film system is mixed by the health care staff before being applied to some medical utensil, such as rack, pacemaker, vessel implant, etc. The medicine conveying conformal film includes one of the three kinds of the biocompatible, biodegradable, bioerosive or bioinertial matters: crosslinked sodium alginate, ultraviolet active polymer and water gel. The said utensil is coated with biocompatible, biodegradable, bioerosive or bioabsorbable solution contg. polymer and medicine and the solution may be crosslinked or cured to form film before implanted in body. After being implanted, the medicine in the coating is released locally. The medicine and its concentration are selected before implantation by health care staff.
INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality for men worldwide. Enzalutamide, a second-generation non-steroidal antiandrogen that blocks androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity, is a treatment for biochemically recurrent, metastatic, castration-sensitive, and castration-resistant tumors. Unfortunately, most patients ultimately develop resistance to enzalutamide, making long-term treatment with this agent challenging.
AREAS COVERED: We performed a literature search of PubMed without date restrictions to investigate the literature surrounding enzalutamide and discuss the current uses of enzalutamide, proposed mechanisms driving resistance, and summarize current efforts to mitigate this resistance.
EXPERT OPINION: Enzalutamide is an effective prostate cancer therapy that is currently used in biochemically recurrent and metastatic disease and for both castration-sensitive and castration-resistant tumors. Unfortunately, resistance to enzalutamide occurs in each of these scenarios. In the clinical setting, enzalutamide-resistant tumors are either AR-driven or AR-indifferent. AR-dependent resistance mechanisms include genomic or epigenomic events that result in enhanced AR signaling. Tumors that do not require AR signaling instead may depend on alternative oncogenic pathways. There are numerous strategies to mitigate enzalutamide resistance, including concurrent use of PARP inhibitors or immune therapies. Additional work is required to uncover novel approaches to treat patients in the enzalutamide-resistant setting.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an agent useful for treating and preventing allergies, inflammations, various diseases followed by ache, gastritis, herpes, etc., comprising a prescribed polymer having biofunction regulatory effect as an active ingredient. SOLUTION: This agent comprises a silicic acid polymer (preferably 20,000-1,000,000 molecular weight and preferably 490-16,500 degree of polymerization) as an active ingredient. The silicic acid polymer, for example, is produced by dissolving a water soluble silicate such as sodium orthosilicate or sodium metasilicate or a silicic acid-containing substance such as water glass in a water soluble solvent. Since an aqueous solution of the silicate has a high pH, preferably the aqueous solution is adjusted to pH2-10, especially pH4-9.5 with an acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid. Preferably the aqueous solution is previously mixed with a saccharide such as lactose or mannitol. The aqueous solution may previously be mixed with a salt such as common salt or potassium chloride.
In asthma, modification of gel-forming respiratory mucins leading to their tethering to the apical pole of epithelial cells, are believed to participate in airway obstruction by mucus plugs. These changes have been linked to local production of Th2 cytokines, resulting in mucus cell hyperplasia and increased MUC5AC production. The inventors showed that severe eosinophil asthma was associated with overexpression of transglutaminase 2 (TG2), an enzyme recently involved in intestinal mucin reticulation. Moreover, the bronchial epithelium from asthmatic patients or control subjects was reconstituted in vitro by culturing cells at the air-liquid interface and the hypersecretory differentiation was modeled by exposing control bronchial epithelial to IL-13. The inventors showed TG2 expression was upregulated upon IL-13-mediated hypersecretory differentiation and correlated with MUC5AC expression. IL-13 promoted MU5AC tethering to in vitro reconstituted hypersecretory epithelium, and this was blocked by a TG2 inhibitor. In conclusion, the inventors showed that TG2 participates in respiratory mucin modifications in asthma, and contribute to mucus tethering to the airway wall, supporting the use of TG2 inhibitors for improving mucociliary clearance in asthma, but more generally in respiratory diseases.
The invention discloses novel lanostane type triterpenoid and a preparation method and medical application thereof. The novel lanostane type triterpenoid is reported for the first time, and is novel in structure. The novel lanostane type triterpenoid can be extracted from the dried overground part of dryopteris fragrans through separation and purification. In-vitro tests prove that the triterpenoid can directly inhibit proliferation of K562 cells, and the inhibiting capacity is enhanced along with increase of concentration and prolonging of acting time. Meanwhile, the triterpenoid can induce apoptosis of the K562 cells, and the apoptosis promoting effect is improved along with increase of the concentration and prolonging of time. A compound (I) can provide a potential means for treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia, and can be used for being developed into a medicine for treating chronic granulocytic leukemia.
Traditionally, microbiological investigations and clinical trials have contributed to the definition of lower airways as a physiologically sterile district, whose microbiological balance is altered when a respiratory infectious process occur. Actually, the introduction of molecular study methods aiming at the identification of pathogens through genomic sequencing questioned the pardigm of "one bug-one disease", according to which we usually tend to consider a bronchial or pulmonary infectious event as due to the pathogenic role of a single exogenous microorganism. In such a contest, there are truly few data dealing with the characterization of respiratory microbiota in human BAL as well as with the major determinants of this phenomenon and the possible impact on clinical and microbiological outcomes. Our study, although it's a pilot one, aims to evaluate these aspects in a larger cohort of critically ill patients, observing the relationship between the heterogeneity of pulmonary microbiota and clinical and outcome variables. In patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation, an aliquot of BAL fluid will be used in the microbiology laboratory for the analysis of respiratory microbiota through next-generation sequencing technologies and validate computational techniques. For each enrolled patient, we will register demographic, clinical and laboratory variables. The benefits deriving from this study lay in the possibility of improving the understanding of characteristics of critical patient's pulmonary microbioma and its clinical impact. Such an information meets the increasingly topical need to customize medical interventions, especially in the context of critically ill patients.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is very commonly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 1. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a common biomarker used to predict levels of NAFLD. The only class of antidiabetic agents thought to be protective of NAFLD are thiazolidinedione's. Few studies have investigated the effect of other antidiabetic agents on bio markers of fatty liver disease 2. A recent pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared canagliflozin to either placebo or sitagliptin showed significant reductions in ALT in the canagliflozin cohorts, which were fully explained by HbA1c and body weight reductions 3. As well, a study that compared ALT change in patients initiating liraglutide found significant reductions in ALT, which was strongly correlated to reduction in body weight 4. However, the effect of different antidiabetic agents on bio markers of fatty liver disease is not well characterized.

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the change in ALT in patients with T2DM initiating SGLT2 inhibitors, liraglutide, or sitagliptin, compared to a control group of patients who did not initiate a new antihyperglycemic therapy. The hypothesis is that patients using SGLT2i will achieve a greater reduction in ALT compared to the control group.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common syndrome on Intensive Care Unit, and renal dysfunction would result in a further morbidity and mortality. Critical ills complicated with acute kidney injury are usually accompanied with multi-organ failure. Therefore, National Taiwan University Hospital Study group of Acute Renal Failure (NSARF) realizes that the characteristics of AKI is resulted from the perfusion less of body fluid and attempt to develop therapies to prevent or attenuate AKI, which have had limited success. We attempt to use the novel biomarker soluble hemojuvelin (sHJV) to evaluate the iron homeostasis on acute kidney injury and develop new strategies and therapies such as protease inhibitors on kidney function, as safety markers to monitor toxicity and as measures of treatment effect. Besides, we will focus on validation the sensitivity and specificity of sHJV on the clinical specimen of post-operative patients from NSARF data-bank. Merge the renal function and other types of biomarkers as panel to predict the post-operative outcome. Based on the different expression of these markers, using a panel of serum and urine markers may potentially help us to distinguish between various types of insults, establish the duration and severity of injury, predict the clinical outcome and help to monitor response to treatment in AKI.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare a hair cosmetic which has an effect for visually beautifully showing hair.  <P>SOLUTION: This hair cosmetic is characterized by comprising the following components (A) and/or (B) and the following component (C). (A) A W/O type molecule structure having a highly water-containing ability. (B) A molecular structure having a gel phase region at a water-existing rate of ≤40%. (C) An oily component different from oils constituting the molecular structures of the components (A) and (B). The component (C) desirably has a refractive index of ≤1.470 or is a silicone transparent emulsion. The hair cosmetic is characterized by comprising one or more of the components (A) and (B) having an effect for showing a faded color as a color near to the non-faded color on colored hair, and the component (C) having a refractive index of ≤1.470.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
The incidence of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents is increasing worldwide and becomes a global health concern. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of available prediction models in early identification of obesity and overweight in general children or adolescents and identify predictive factors for the models, thus provide a reference for subsequent development of risk prediction tools for obesity and overweight in children or adolescents. Related publications were obtained from several databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from their inception to September 18th, 2022. The novel Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was employed to assess the bias risk of the included studies. R4.2.0 and Stata15.1 softwares were used to conduct meta-analysis. This study involved 45 cross-sectional and/or prospective studies with 126 models. Meta-analyses showed that the overall pooled index of concordance (c-index) of prediction models for children/adolescents with obesity and overweight in the training set was 0.769 (95% CI 0.754-0.785) and 0.835(95% CI 0.792-0.879), respectively. Additionally, a large number of predictors were found to be related to children's lifestyles, such as sleep duration, sleep quality, and eating speed. In conclusions, prediction models can be employed to predict obesity/overweight in children and adolescents. Most predictors are controllable factors and are associated with lifestyle. Therefore, the prediction model serves as an excellent tool to formulate effective strategies for combating obesity/overweight in pediatric patients.
PURPOSE:A carcinostatic agent having low toxicity, capable of being administered in a large amount for a long period, containing nisin as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION:The titled agent containing nisin shown by the formula (ABA is aminobutyric acid; DHA is dehydroalanine; DHB is dehydrobutyrin) as an active ingredient. Since nisin has very narrow spectrum to show antibacterial effect on Gram-positive bacteria and poor solubility in a physiological pH, it has not been put to practical use. Now, carcinostatic activities are observed using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma by the inhibitory effect on the propagation of cancer cell in an abdominal cavity and life prolonging effect. Nisin is isolated from a strain such as Streptococcus lactis-ATCC11454 strain capable of producing nisin, purified and used. Nisin has very low toxicity, is capable of being administered in a large amount for a long period, and a dosage of about 1- 10<4>mg/kg/day can be administered by injection, oral medication, suppository, etc.
BACKGROUND: Central obesity in children is a global health concern associated with cardiovascular risk factors. In 2019 the World Obesity Federation predicted that in 2025, 206 million children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 will be obese, and the number is estimated to reach 254 million by 2030. There is limited literature on the factors that are associated with the development of central obesity in children. We report a systematic review, aimed to describe the current literature on determinants of central obesity and its associated health outcomes in children and adolescents in the South African population.
METHODS: We searched for peer-reviewed studies in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct search engines, and about seven studies were included. This systematic review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (Registration number: CRD42023457012). This systematic review was conducted and reported according to an updated version of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The quality of the included studies was assessed by following guidelines from the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The method considered three main domains: selection, comparability, and outcome across different study designs.
RESULTS: The prevalence of central obesity in children and adolescents by waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ranged from 2.0 to 41.0%; waist-to-hip [WHR ranged from 10 to 25%; waist circumference (WC) ranged from 9 to 35%]. Central obesity was associated with age, physical inactivity, gender socio, and demographic profiles of the household. Central obesity in children was associated with cardiovascular diseases and mental health issues.
CONCLUSION: Central obesity in children and adolescents was determined by gender, pubertal development, and age of the parents, households with high socioeconomic status, dietary practices, and overweight/obesity. Given the high prevalence of central obesity in children which can ultimately result in cardiometabolic diseases, cardiovascular risk factors, and mental health issues. This highlights the need for systems, jointly initiated by healthcare providers, policymakers, and the general society aimed at reducing the burden of central obesity such as introducing children and adolescents to health-promoting lifestyles.
A system and method is disclosed whereby a patient at a senior care facility can send and receive messages via the inter-net. Tools are provided to manage the patients, the patient's relative contact, mail and photo collection. Relatives can be designated to suggest changes to the contacts and edit the contents of the patient's contacts files. The messages may be audio, video or text and the user friendly system helps the patients navigate through the process. Notification is provided so that the relatives and patients know when a message had been received. Further notification is provided if a prolonged period lapses after receipt of a message to a patient and the message has not been read.
Patients randomized to EPR will be enrolled into the Breath Easy pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program at the Centre for Lung Health within 1 month of discharge. They will proceed through the program in a typical fashion.
BACKGROUND: Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a noninvasive technique that measures lung physiology independently of patient effort. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the utility of IOS parameters in comparison with pulmonary function testing (PFT) among hospitalized subjects, with emphasis on obstructive and small airway diseases.
METHODS: Sixty-one subjects hospitalized either with unexplained dyspnea or for pre-surgery evaluation were included in the study. All subjects underwent PFTs and IOS test. The correlation between IOS results and PFTs was examined in different subgroups. The ability of IOS parameters to predict abnormal PFTs was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and optimal cutoff values were calculated.
RESULTS: IOS results were found to correlate with PFT values. Subgroup analysis revealed that these correlations were higher in younger (age < 70) and non-obese (body mass index < 25kg/m2) subjects. The resonant frequency was an independent predictor and had the best predictive ability for abnormal FEV1/FVC (area under the ROC curve 0.732 [95% CI 0.57-0.90], optimal cutoff 17 Hz, 87% sensitivity, 62% specificity) and abnormal forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the FVC maneuver (area under the ROC curve 0.667 [95% CI 0.53-0.81], optimal cutoff 15 Hz, 77% sensitivity, 54% specificity). Area of reactance and the difference in respiratory resistance at 5 Hz and 20 Hz also showed a good predictive ability for abnormal FEV1/FVC (area under the ROC curve 0.716 and 0.730, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: We found that the IOS performed well in diagnosing small airway and obstructive diseases among hospitalized subjects. IOS might serve as an alternative to standard PFTs in non-cooperative or dyspneic hospitalized patients.