anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The screening of keratoconus involves keratoconus related clinical signs like retinoscopy scissors reflex, Munson sign, stromal thinning, Vogt's striae, and Fleischer's ring, but corneal topography is the most useful method in the diagnosis of keratoconus, especially in the absence of clinical signs.

Several devices are currently available for detecting early keratoconus by measuring anterior and posterior corneal topography and elevation(Mihaltz et al. 2009; Ishii et al. 2012). Corneal topographic and tomographic techniques which generate color-coded maps and topographic indices, are the most sensitive devices for confirming the diagnosis of keratoconus(Rabinowitz 1998; Rao et al. 2002) were used for diagnosis in this study. In addition, videokeratography has been shown to identify Forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC) in the absence of clinical signs of keratoconus. Videokeratographic indices such as the Klyce/Maeda criteria, the Rabinowitz criteria, and others have been developed to quantitatively analyze videokeratography and screen for keratoconus(Rao et al. 2002). These indices have been shown to identify keratoconus with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The Orbscan II is a three-dimensional slit-scan topography system for analysis of the corneal surfaces and anterior chamber and has been used on all patients in the study. It uses calibrated video and a scanning slit beam to measure x, y, and z locations of several thousand points. These points are used to construct topographic maps(Rao et al. 2002). The Pentacam (Oculus Inc) is a corneal tomographer technology which generates data on topograophy and elevation of anterior and posterior using a rotating Scheimpflug camera which has also been used on all subjects enrolled in this study. Various diagnostic parameters are available for keratoconus diagnosis depending on what mode of topography is being used. Maeda and Klyce designed a system to detect keratoconus. The system, which is based on linear discriminant analysis and a binary decision tree, identifies the map as representing keratoconus or nonkeratoconus and, based on a value from the discriminant analysis (the KPI), assigns the map an index expressed as a percentage that suggests the severity of keratoconus. At this time, however, Keratoconus Severity Index (KSI) and the Amsler-Krumeich classification are the most popular methods for grading keratoconus severity(Mihaltz et al. 2009; Ishii et al. 2012). KSI is based on indices estimated by a curvature map using Placido disk-based corneal topography, and Amsler-Krumeich classification defines the stage of keratoconus using biomicroscopy, mean central keratometry reading, spherical and cylindrical refraction change, and corneal thickness(Mihaltz et al. 2009; Ishii et al. 2012). This is the index that has been used for the final gradation of keratoconus stages of all subjects in this study.
The membrane has a form of a thin, porous, and elastic fibrous structure with spontaneously distributed polymer fibres (9) with a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 4 pm. The specific surface area of the membrane ranges from 5 m2/g to 20 m2/g. The fibres (9) of the membrane are coated with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with a size of 50 nm at most and a molar ratio of calcium to phosphorus (Ca/P) ranging from 1.56 to 1.66, and the hydroxyapatite content in the membrane is 10 to 25% by weight. The material of the fibres (9) is a mixture of poly-DL-lactide (PDLLA) and polylactide-glycolide (PLGA). The hydroxyapatite coating of the fibres (9) of the membrane has the form of a matrix of these fibres (9) with a thickness ranging from 10 to 300 nm, and the coating rate of the fibres (9) by hydroxyapatite particles is at least 40%. The porosity of the membrane ranges from 50 to 95%, the size of its pores ranges from 5 to 30 pm, and its water absorption capacity ranges from 300 to 600%. The method of producing such membrane includes a step of producing the aforementioned fibrous structure using the method of electrospinning from a polymer solution and a step of coating the polymer fibres (9) of the produced structure with a hydroxyapatite layer by immersion. During the first step, the fibrous structure is produced from a solution made of a mixture of poly-DL- lactide (PDLLA) and polylactide-glycolide (PLGA) and a volatile solvent. During the second step, a water suspension is produced with a temperature of 30°C at most, in which the dispersed phase are hydroxyapatite particles with an average grain size of 50 nm at most and their mass content in the entire suspension is 0.5% at most. After immersing the fibrous structure in the prepared suspension, an ultra- sound wave with a power intensity ranging from 3 to 15 W/cm2 and a duration of at least four minutes is generated near the fibres (9) of this structure.
This counseling consists of four sessions each approximately 60 minutes each. The four sessions are organized as follows: a) Orientation to Benefits Counseling: Your Benefits and Your Goals b) Work and Claims c) Financial Review: Implications of Your Work Plan and d) Your Plans After the Benefits Notice. The first session focuses on the disability application process as a non-confrontational way to explore attitudes towards work. The second session more directly addresses the claimant's attitudes about work and beliefs about whether work will prevent receipt of disability benefits. The third session addresses the same issue as the second, ambivalence about work and disability, from a financial perspective. The fourth session occurs after the disability determination has been made, and it is possible the veteran may feel differently about a benefit that has been awarded.
Patients receive hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) therapy comprising floxuridine and dexamethasone continuously on days 1-14. Patients also receive oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours and irinotecan hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes on days 1 and 15. Courses repeat every 4 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
You will measure your blood glucose 4 times daily by finger sticks using a blood glucose meter and you will also wear a CGM device. The CGM measurements will be downloaded at each study visit and will be considered along with your SMBG measurements to help manage your diabetes. Your medications will be changed or adjusted based on your HbA1c and/or glucose readings with a goal to achieve an HbA1c level of 7%.
Sham treatment Patients are treated with a sham session in week 0, 2, 4, and 12. The study settings are similar to the laser except the laser beam. Because the patient is also blinded, they can't see the procedure. The sound and the beeps are audible similar to the laser treatment.
The invention provides compositions and methods for reducing one or more symptoms of disease by administering compositions comprising SipA. The invention's compositions and methods are particularly advantageous in reducing symptoms of diseases that are associated with overexpression of P-gp and/or p53. The invention's compositions and methods are useful in reducing cancer symptom and/or cancer multidrug resistance (MDR). The invention provides a method for reducing one or more symptoms of cancer in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising administering to said subject a composition comprising purified SipA. In one embodiment, said SipA is operably conjugated to a nanoparticle. In another embodiment, said cancer comprises cancer cells resistant to at least one cytotoxin.
INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a critical global health challenge, marked by the progressive decline of renal function. This study explores the role of the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme (HSD3B2) and the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway in CKD pathogenesis and progression.
METHODS: Using an adenine-induced CKD mouse model, we conducted an untargeted metabolomic analysis of plasma samples to identify key metabolite alterations associated with CKD. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and qPCR analyses were performed to confirm HSD3B2 expression in both human and mouse tissues. Additionally, Nephroseq and Human Protein Atlas data were utilized to assess the correlation between HSD3B2 and kidney function. Functional studies were conducted on HK2 cells with HSD3B2 knockdown to evaluate the impact on cell proliferation and apoptosis.
RESULTS: Metabolic characteristics revealed significant shifts in CKD, with 61 metabolites increased and 65 metabolites decreased, highlighting the disruption in steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways influenced by HSD3B2. A detailed examination of seven key metabolites underscored the enzyme's central role. HSD3B2 exhibited a strong correlation with kidney function, supported by data from Nephroseq and the Human Protein Atlas. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and qPCR analyses confirmed a drastic reduction in HSD3B2 expression in CKD-affected kidneys. Suppressed proliferation and increased apoptosis rates in HSD3B2 knocked down HK2 cells further demonstrated the enzyme's significance in regulating renal pathophysiology.
DISCUSSION: These findings underscore the potential of HSD3B2 as a clinical diagnostic and therapeutic target in CKD. While further studies are warranted to fully elucidate the mechanisms, our results provide valuable insights into the intricate interplay between steroid hormone biosynthesis and CKD. This offers a promising avenue for precision medicine approaches and personalized treatment strategies.
PURPOSE: An orally disintegrating tablet containing oriental medicinal materials is provided to quickly and continuously suppress appetite. CONSTITUTION: An orally disintegrating tablet containing oriental medicinal materials for suppressing appetite contains xylitol, maltitol, Ephedrae Herba, Rehmannia glutinosa, Coicis semen, Schizonepeta rhizome, Mentha arvensis var. piperascens, Glycyrrhizae radix, Aralia continentalis Kitagawa, Rhei Rhizoma Preparata cum Vinum., Atractylodes japonica Koidz. ex Kitam., maple syrup, and a canderila leaf extract. A method for manufacturing the orally disintegrating tablet comprises the steps of: heating xylitol and maltitol and preparing a primary refined material; adding finely pulverized Ephedrae Herba, Rehmannia glutinosa, Coicis semen, Schizonepeta rhizome, Mentha arvensis var. piperascens, Glycyrrhizae radix, Aralia continentalis Kitagawa, Rhei Rhizoma Preparata cum Vinum., and Atractylodes japonica Koidz. ex Kitam. to the primary refined material and heating the mixture to prepare a secondary refined material; adding maple syrup and the canderila leaf extract and preparing a final refined material; and molding the final refined material.
Subarachnoid neurocysticercosis (SANCC) is caused by an abnormally transformed form of the metacestode or larval form of the tapeworm Taenia solium. In contrast to vesicular parenchymal and ventricular located cysts that contain a viable scolex and are anlage of the adult tapeworm, the subarachnoid cyst proliferates to form aberrant membranous cystic masses within the subarachnoid spaces that cause mass effects and acute and chronic arachnoiditis. How subarachnoid cyst proliferates and interacts with the human host is poorly understood, but parasite stem cells (germinative cells) likely participate. RNA-seq analysis of the subarachnoid cyst bladder wall compared to the bladder wall and scolex of the vesicular cyst revealed that the subarachnoid form exhibits activation of signaling pathways that promote proliferation and increased lipid metabolism. These adaptions allow growth in a nutrient-limited cerebral spinal fluid. In addition, we identified therapeutic drug targets that would inhibit growth of the parasite, potentially increase effectiveness of treatment, and shorten its duration.
Chromoanagenesis events consist of complex chromosome rearrangements with multiple breakpoints in one or few chromosomes. Mechanisms of chromoanagenesis are split into three major groups: chromothripsis, chromoanasynthesis and chromoplexy. This study aims to delineate a chromoanagenesis event at the level of chromosome 22 in an individual showing obesity and borderline cognitive performance as major disturbances. The proband and his parents were subjected to conventional karyotyping, CGH array and whole genomic sequencing (WGS). By conventional karyotyping a "de novo" pericentric inversion of chromosome 22 was identified. CGH array identified several imbalances (either deletions or duplications) in the long arm of chromosome 22; the largest is a 4.5 Mb duplication at 22q12.1-22q1.3. The detection of extensive duplications would suggest the occurrence of a chromoanasynthesis event. WGS, in addition to the structural alterations identified by karyotyping and CGH array, revealed two translocations from chromosome 22 to chromosomes 6 and 21 as well as a heterozygous pathogenetic variant of ALMS1 gene; the latter could have contributed to the obesity of our patient. The pericentric inversion induces loss of initial part of TCF20 gene including the 5' regulatory region and the first, noncoding, exon. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations of TCF20 gene have been found in patients with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability, some of them presenting obesity. It is, therefore, possible that disruption of TCF20 gene structure would contribute to a fraction of the patient's phenotype.
Doxorubicin 17.5 mg/m\^2 IV bolus infusion, followed by continuous IV infusion on days 1-4. Radiation treatments 5 days a week for 6 - 6 1/2 weeks. 60 Gy in 6 weeks (negative resection margin) to 66 Gy in 6.5 weeks (positive resection margin).
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Adebrelimab in Combination with Apatinib in Maintenance Therapy for Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Each treatment cycle spans 3 weeks. Sequential medication administration begins on the first day of each cycle: Adebrelimab is administered at a dosage of 1200mg on day 1, every 3 weeks, while Apatinib is given orally at a dosage of 250mg daily from day 1 to day 14, every 3 weeks, with a one-week hiatus following two weeks of continuous intake. Administration timing allows for a window of ±5 days. Subjects are required to undergo comprehensive assessments, including vital signs monitoring, anthropometric measurements, physical examinations, laboratory analyses, and performance status evaluations, to assess treatment tolerability for continuation.
BACKGROUND: Providing safe and effective anaesthesia in the context of humanitarian medicine is always a challenging situation. Spinal anaesthesia, and in particular its thoracic approach, represents a promising technique for such a limited-resource environment. This prospective observational study investigated the feasibility of thoracic spinal anaesthesia (TSA) for abdominal surgery in a field-deployed military hospital.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included adults scheduled for elective open cholecystectomy in a field hospital. Patients received TSA at the T9-T10 level. The primary outcomes were the feasibility of surgery under TSA and the haemodynamic/respiratory stability of this anaesthetic technique. The secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction and surgeon comfort regarding the anaesthesia technique and postoperative events (nausea and vomiting, urinary retention, postdural puncture headache).
RESULTS: Surgery was performed successfully in 61 patients under TSA (90% female, 53±13 years old). Intraoperative pain scores were low, with a median Numeric Rating Scale score of 0 (IQR 0-2). Surgeon and patient satisfaction scores were excellent. The haemodynamic and respiratory parameters remained stable throughout the surgery. The incidence of postoperative events was low (nausea/vomiting=8%). None of our patients presented with postdural puncture headache or urinary retention.
CONCLUSION: TSA could be an effective anaesthetic technique for abdominal surgery in the context of a field hospital or austere environment.
This procedure is specific to the bladder stimulation arm. A sterile stimulation catheter (custom, 7-French) will be placed in the bladder through the urethra and the electrode contacts will be positioned to be floating within the bladder. A single return electrode will also be placed on the abdominal skin above the pubic bone. Stimuli will be delivered as 0.2 ms charge-balanced biphasic rectangular current pulses. Stimulation frequency will be set at 20 Hz and amplitude will be adjusted individually to 80% of the maximum tolerable intensity. Electrical stimulation will be applied to bladder sensory nerves for up to 60 minutes prior to the start of urodynamic studies.
In stage 1 of this open-label trial, conducted by the Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS (SOCA) Clinical Research Group, 29 previously untreated patients with peripheral CMV retinitis were randomized to either immediate treatment with cidofovir injection (5 mg/kg once a week for 2 weeks, then 3 mg/kg every other week) or to have cidofovir injection delayed until progression of CMV retinitis13. In stage 2 of this trial, an additional 35 previously untreated patients with peripheral CMV retinitis were randomized to either immediate treatment with cidofovir injection (5 mg/kg once a week for 2 weeks, then 5 mg/kg every other week), immediate treatment with cidofovir injection (5 mg/kg once a week for 2 weeks, then 3 mg/kg every other week), or to have cidofovir injection delayed until progression of CMV retinitis. Of the 64 patients in this study, 12 were randomized to 5 mg/kg maintenance therapy, 26 to 3 mg/kg maintenance therapy, and 26 to delayed therapy. Of the 12 patients enrolled in the 5 mg/kg maintenance group, five patients progressed, five patients discontinued therapy and two patients had no progression at study completion. Based on masked readings of retinal photographs, the median [95% confidence interval (CI)] time to retinitis progression was not reached (25, not reached) for the 5 mg/kg maintenance group. Median (95% CI) time to the alternative endpoint of retinitis progression or study drug discontinuation was 44 days (24, 207) for the 5 mg/kg maintenance group. Patients receiving 5 mg/kg maintenance had delayed time to retinitis progression compared to patients receiving 3 mg/kg maintenance or deferred therapy.
Following an intravenous infusion of phenylephrine hydrochloride, the observed effective half-life was approximately 5 minutes. The steady-state volume of distribution of approximately 340 L suggests a high distribution into organs and peripheral tissues. The average total serum clearance is approximately 2100 mL/min. The observed phenylephrine plasma terminal elimination half-life was 2.5 hours.  
  
Phenylephrine is metabolized primarily by monoamine oxidase and sulfotransferase. After intravenous administration of radiolabeled phenylephrine, approximately 80% of the total dose was eliminated within first 12 h; and approximately 86% of the total dose was recovered in the urine within 48 h. The excreted unchanged parent drug was 16% of the total dose in the urine at 48 h post intravenous administration. There are two major metabolites, with approximately 57 and 8% of the total dose excreted as m-hydroxymandelic acid and sulfate conjugates, respectively. The metabolites are considered not pharmacologically active.
OBJECTIVE: A novel carotid quick scan (CQS) protocol was developed to rapidly screen for carotid atherosclerosis greater than 50% stenosis in a vascular outpatient setting. This study assessed accuracy and time saved.
MATERIAL & METHODS: The CQS was developed by consensus agreement between vascular surgeons and accredited clinical vascular scientists through a modified Delphi technique. The protocol comprised a rapid B-mode then colour flow transverse sweep of the common and internal carotid arteries, with internal carotid artery velocity assessment. One hundred outpatients attending with peripheral artery disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm were recruited. CQS sensitivity, specificity and accuracy was assessed against a conventional full carotid duplex study, performed to UK and ESVS guidelines.
RESULTS: Twenty four percent of patients (n = 100) had >50% carotid NASCET stenosis. CQS achieved an excellent accuracy of 96.5% in detecting >50% stenosis when compared to full duplex; Cohen's ƙ = .88, (95%CI .79-.97; P < .001), sensitivity 91.4%, specificity 97.6%, positive predictive value (PPV) 88.9% and negative predictive value (NPV) 98.2%. Median (IQR) time to complete the CQS was 13 sec (±12) per side, compared to 151 sec (±78) per side for the full carotid duplex. In the presence of >50% carotid disease, median CQS time was 25 sec (±31) per side compared to 214 (±104) by full scan.
CONCLUSION: CQS as a carotid screening tool is rapid, accurate and acceptable to the population and workforce. It would be simple to roll out in all vascular laboratories to reduce the time and cost burden of excluding significant carotid disease in any group.
The events cited reflect experience gained under closely monitored conditions of clinical studies in a highly selected patient population. In actual clinical practice or in other clinical studies, these frequency estimates may not apply, as the conditions of use, reporting behavior, and the kinds of patients treated may differ. Table 1 lists treatment emergent signs and symptoms that were reported in greater than 2% of patients in three multiple-dose, placebo-controlled studies who received tizanidine where the frequency in the tizanidine group was at least as common as in the placebo group. These events are not necessarily related to tizanidine treatment. For comparison purposes, the corresponding frequency of the event (per 100 patients) among placebo treated patients is also provided. 

In the single-dose, placebo-controlled study involving 142 patients with spasticity, the patients were specifically asked if they had experienced any of the four most common adverse events: dry mouth, somnolence (drowsiness), asthenia (weakness, fatigue and/or tiredness) and dizziness. In addition, hypotension and bradycardia were observed. The occurrence of these adverse effects is summarized in Table 2. Other events were, in general, reported at a rate of 2% or less.
PURPOSE: Coroners' Prevention of Future Death (PFDs) reports are an under-utilized resource to learn about preventable deaths in England and Wales. We aimed to identify sepsis-related PFDs and explore the causes and concerns in this subset of preventable sepsis deaths.
METHODS: Four thousand three hundred five reports were acquired from the Courts and Tribunals Judiciary website between July 2013 and November 2022, which were screened for sepsis. Demographic information, coroners concerns and responses to these reports were extracted and analyzed, including a detailed paediatric subgroup analysis.
RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-five reports (6% of total PFDs) involved sepsis-related deaths. The most common cause of death in these reports was "sepsis without septic shock" (42%) and the most common site of infection was the respiratory system (18%) followed by gastrointestinal (16%) and skin (13%) infections. Specific pathogens were named in few reports (27%). Many deaths involved multimorbid patients (49%) or those with recent surgery (26%). Coroners named 773 individual concerns, the most frequent were: a failure to keep accurate records or notes (28%), failure in communication or handover (27%) or failure to recognize risk factors or comorbidities (20%). Paediatric cases frequently reported issues with sepsis screening tools (26%). Sepsis PFDs resulted in 421 individual reports being sent, of which 45% received no response. Most organisations who did respond acknowledged concerns and initiated a new change (74%).
CONCLUSION: Sepsis-related PFDs provide valuable insights into preventable causes of sepsis and identify important sources of improvement in sepsis care. Wider dissemination of findings is vital to learn from these reports.