anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
There are differences in immune responses according to gender. Women have stronger responses against pathogens, especially viruses but are also more susceptible to develop autoimmune diseases. These points reflect more robust innate and adaptive responses in women. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are key actor of innate immune responses through their ability to produce large amounts of type 1 Interferons (IFN1) secondary to stimulation of their toll like receptors (TLR) 7 and 9 by nucleic acids. Thus, pDCs play a major beneficial role in antiviral responses. In autoimmune diseases like Systemic Erythematous Lupus, pDCs also play a role, mostly deleterious, through inappropriate production of IFN1 upon stimulation of their TLR's by self nucleic acids. In these diseases, pDCs from women have been demonstrated to produce more IFN1 as compared to men, a phenomenon that can be linked to both hormonal and genetic factors. Indeed, the investigators research team demonstrated that IFN1 production by human pDCs can be increased by oestradiol through a specific receptor present in pDCs. Regarding genetics, some studies recently shown in a humanized mouse model, that pDCs developing from female hematopoietic precursor cells have an enhanced TLR 7 mediated IFN1 response as compared to male ones. These results indicate that X chromosome dosage could contribute independently to the enhanced TLR 7 mediated response of pDCs from women. Although some genes implicated in IFN1 production are on the X chromosome, including TLR 7, the mechanism underlying this observation are presently unknown.
In the present invention, a pharmaceutical dosage form for the delivery of organic nitrate in patients is described. The dosage form is based on the use of a semipermeable membrane (2) which covers a tablet (1) which contains a combination of one or more organic nitrates with excipients. The membrane (2) determines the water input rate towards the inner tablet (1). The osmotic pressure that develops, drives the contents of the tablet to exit through a hole (5) on the membrane, with a specific and controlled rate, regardless of the conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. It is possible that an amount of the organic nitrates is also released immediately upon administration of the dosage form, from a layer (3) placed outside the semipermeable membrane (2). Thus, the organism is provided with organic nitrates as desired in order to achieve optimum therapeutic results. Lastly, it is possible to have an external protective layer (4) which provides protection, improves stability and a long life to the dosage form, and also facilitates administration to the patient.
Reference controls for use with pharmacogenomic testing, and methods for their identification, preparation, and use, are disclosed. The reference controls can confirm that pharmacogenomic testing correctly identifies individuals that do or do not have the mutation of interest, in both clinical trial and patient treatment settings. The reference controls can be selected to include one or more mutations to be identified, and prescreened to confirm that they bind to one or more of the primers used in the pharmacogenomic testing. The reference controls are human genomic DNA that includes certain identified polymorphisms (mutations) of interest, ideally derived from individuals, pre-selected and optionally properly consented, which have one or more of the polymorphism(s) of interest. The reference controls can be prepared by targeted pre-screening of human patients, by examining the genotype or genetic profile of the patients, isolating cells with the desired mutation, optionally immortalizing the cells, and obtaining DNA from the cells. The prescreening of prospective donors can be targeted based on any of a number of factors, such as genes of interest, mutations within the genes of interest, and membership in a specific ethnic or disease state population. The genomic DNA can be pre-screened for its ability to be detected, using a standard pharmacogenomic test, as including a specific mutation. Examples of mutations of interest include those present in a Phase I or Phase Il metabolic enzyme such as CYP2D6, CYP2C 19, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A5, CYP3A4, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, UGT1A1, DPD, ERCC1, MDR1, ADH2, NAT1 and NAT2 or any other metabolic or disease gene.
FIELD: medicine, phytotherapy, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to development of cerebroprotecting agent of vegetable origin eliciting an antihypoxic activity and used for prophylaxis of states accompanying with hypoxia. Invention proposes the cerebroprotecting agent including all species of crowberry extract. Extract is prepared by three-stage extractions with chloroform in the ratio raw : extractant = 1:10, then with acetone in the ratio extract : extractant = 1:10 and then with hexane in the ratio extract : extractant = 1:5. Invention proposes also method of cerebroprotecting agent preparing. The proposed cerebroprotecting agent shows an antihypoxic activity in the range of large doses - up to 200 mg/kg. EFFECT: improved method of preparing, valuable medicinal property, low adverse effects, low toxicity. 5 cl, 4 tbl, 13 ex
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 2-3% of all cancers, with the highest incidence in Western countries. Due to increased detection of tumors by ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT), the number of incidentally diagnosed RCCs has increased. These tumors are usually smaller and of lower stage. Currently, partial nephrectomy (PN) is considered as the gold standard treatment modality for small renal masses. In this setting, robot-assisted and conventional laparoscopic approaches are gaining more consensus every day. However, until now, no superiority of one technique over the other has yet been demonstrated, especially on postoperative function recovery. This is a single center prospective randomized trial investigating the functional and oncological outcomes of minimally invasive (laparoscopic and robot-assisted) nephron sparing surgery. Patients will be assessed with renal scintigraphy and 24 hours creatinine clearance pre- and postoperatively. Furthermore, duration of the operation, resection and suturing times will be assessed. Renal function recovery is defined as primary endpoint; oncological outcome and positive surgical margin rate are defined as secondary measures. In addition, kidney volume variation will be calculated to describe the amount of healthy tissue preserved in both procedures.The aim of the study is to assess whether robot assisted partial nephrectomy in selective ischemia is superior to laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in global ischemia in terms of functional and oncological outcomes.
The investigators will conduct a randomized controlled trial (N=960) to evaluate the efficacy of the enhanced Rx container label to improve, Spanish speaking, diabetic and/or hypertensive patients' understanding of actual prescribed medicines, compared to a standard label format. Spanish-speaking patients with type II diabetes and/or hypertension at safety-net clinics affiliated with one central-fill pharmacy (Nova Scripts Central - NSC) receive all their prescribed medicines from this location. Recruited diabetic and/or hypertensive subjects in this study will be randomly assigned to either intervention (enhanced Rx container label) or control (standard Rx label). All pill-form, regular dosing schedule medicines, including diabetes and hypertensive (i.e. ACE inhibitor) medicines associated with patients' treatment will be labeled according to study arm by the central-fill pharmacy. Study subjects will be interviewed at the time of dispensing the prescribed medicines at the clinic, again three months later (dispensing of refill), and finally nine months after baseline (dispensing of refill). Pharmacy refill data and medical record information - linked at these clinics - will be collected for exploratory analyses. Patients' ability to read and demonstrate Rx label instructions, including auxiliary warnings, will be the primary outcomes for this aim. Data from the actual use trial will be processed, reviewed, analyzed (in order of hypotheses), and reports prepared during the final months of this last phase of the study. We anticipate several manuscripts to be developed as a result of this project, supported by the diverse key personnel and collaborating faculty enlisted.
Multiple case experiences and studies have been published reviewing clinical experiences with Carbon Dioxide Trans-Myocardial Laser Revascularization (TMR) and autologous bone marrow derived cell application. These experiences have demonstrated perfusion improvements, ejection fraction improvements and improvements in angina or heart failure symptoms. The investigators elected to examine the use of CD133 positive (CD133+) BM-derived stem cells because of their pluripotent nature and the fact that during the CD133 selection process inflammatory cells present in the bone marrow are being discarded. CD133+ is a recently discovered marker for more primitive bone marrow derived multipotent stem and endothelial progenitor cells and is of particular interest in studies directed to therapeutic angiogenesis, as these cells have been shown to differentiate into endothelial and myogenic cell lines. Multiple studies have utilized BM derived cells for myocardial regeneration. Patients who received CD133+ cells showed improved perfusion at injection sites of stem cells leading to a significant increase in volume of left ventricular ejection fraction, regional wall motion in the infarct zone, and a reduction in end systolic left ventricular volume.
Pain management constitutes a pivotal aspect of palliative care. Certain instances of distressing pain are significantly relieved through interventional pain methodologies, demanding the expertise of pain specialists. Our perspective revolves around the integration of these 2 facets, envisaging a symbiotic relationship that could enhance patient outcomes. A prospective assessment was carried out within a collaborative clinic, uniting the realms of pain management and palliative medicine. Anonymized patient information was scrutinized to grasp the advantages of this amalgamation and identify strategies to address any inherent deficiencies. Furthermore, an illustrative case study was delineated, spotlighting the collaborative dynamics at a systemic level. During the period spanning from November 2020 to June 2021, a total of 43 patients received consultations at this collaborative clinic. Each patient was exposed to a comprehensive pain management regimen, with the most frequently conducted procedure being an intercostal nerve block, which was administered in 9.30% of cases. For the provision of effective pain relief within the palliative care context, the confluence of joint consultations from cancer pain specialists emerges as a requisite measure. This approach carries the promise of optimizing pain control and augmenting the quality of palliative care.
The present invention relates to a nanocarrier with a micelle structure and uses thereof and, more specifically, to a nanosome having a single layer structure for carrying macromolecules, and uses thereof as a drug carrier, a contrast medium, and a treatment composition. According to the present invention, the nanosome provides excellent cell permeability and cerebrovascular permeability, and provides an excellent material delivery effect into a cell. Moreover, the size of the nanosome can be easily adjusted by adjustment of the length of an alkyl chain of fatty acid. A mole concentration ratio between lipopeptide and fatty acid forming the nanosome or between the lipopeptide and an encapsulated material is adjusted, thereby setting an optimal condition for increasing material delivery efficiency. Accordingly, the nanosome can be useful in basic research and clinical fields as a drug delivery system to overcome an existing limit. The nanosome comprises lipopeptide and fatty acid which form a micelle structure.
Once the celiac ganglia are identified on EUS, a 19-gauge FNA needle is inserted into the center of the ganglion or area of celiac plexus under EUS guidance. The radiofrequency (RF) probe (EMcision, Montreal, Canada) is advanced through the FNA needle. Radiofrequency ablation is performed via the probe for 90 seconds, followed by a 90 second rest and repeated as required.
PURPOSE: After living with the COVID-19 pandemic for more than 2 years, the impact of lockdown measures on preterm birth rates is inconsistent according to data from different countries. In this study, rates of preterm-born infants during the time of COVID-19-related lockdowns were analyzed in a tertiary perinatal center at Munich University, Germany.
METHODS: We analyzed the number of preterm births, infants, and stillbirths before 37 weeks of gestation during the German COVID-19 lockdown period compared to the same time periods in the years 2018 and 2019 combined. Additionally, we expanded the analysis to Pre- and Post-Lockdown Periods in 2020 compared to the respective control periods in the years 2018 and 2019.
RESULTS: Our database shows a reduction in the rate of preterm infants during the COVID-19 lockdown period (18.6%) compared to the combined control periods in 2018 and 2019 (23.2%, p = 0.027). This was mainly based on a reduced rate of preterm multiples during the lockdown period (12.8% vs. 28.9%, p = 0.003) followed by a reversed effect showing a threefold rise in multiple births after the lockdown. In singletons, the rate of preterm births was not reduced during the lockdown. The rate of stillbirths was not affected by the lockdown measures as compared to the control period (0.9% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.750).
CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period, we found a reduced rate of preterm-born infants compared to a combined control period in the years 2018 and 2019 in our large tertiary University Center in Germany. Due to the predominant reduction in preterm multiples, we postulate that less physical activity might have led to the protective effect by lockdown measures.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a cosmetic having malodor adsorptivity, antiseptic action, antioxidant action and ion adsorptivity and containing a well-dispersible black coloring agent by including charcoal fine powder. SOLUTION: This cosmetic is obtained by including a charcoal fine powder. The average diameter of the fine powder is preferably 0.1-100 μm, more preferably 0.1-50 μm. The charcoal fine powder is produced preferably by wet crushing. The method for the wet crushing comprises, for instance, roughly crushing charcoal followed by addition of an aqueous dispersion medium such as water at 10-30 wt. times the charcoal, adding a milling medium such as zirconium ball to the resultant followed by crushing it with a mill such as a Dino mill, Cobol mill or sand mill, and then removing the milling medium through e.g. filtration to obtain an aqueous medium dispersion of the charcoal fine powder. The content of the charcoal fine powder in this cosmetic is preferably 0.1-20 wt.% in the case of makeup cosmetics such as eyeliners and mascaras.
PURPOSE: To obtain a rheumatism-treating medicine capable of inducing apoptosis to synovial cells to specifically inhibit the abnormal multiplication of the synovial cells. CONSTITUTION: This rheumatism-treating medicine contains as an active ingredient an anti-Fas monoclonal antibody capable of specifically reacting with the Fas antigens of the synovial cells of a rheumatic patient to manifest apoptosis in the synovial cells. The Fas monoclonal antibody is preferably a monoclonal antibody specifically reacting with a human Fas antigen, typically a monoclonal antibody produced from a clone immunized with a human diploid fibroblast. In more detail, the monoclonal antibody is obtained by immunizing a mouse with the human diploid fibroblasts, fusing the splenic cells of the immunized mouse with the myeloma cells of a mouse, and subsequently producing the antibody from the obtained clone CH-11. The combination of the anti-Fas monoclonal antibody with a cell multiplication-inhibiting agent such as actinomycin may be added as an active ingredient.  The preferable administration form is articular injection.
BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses have primarily focused on the effects of exercise-based prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes and ignored the role of nutritional intervention. In this study, we filled this gap by investigating the effect of nutrition-based prehabilitation on the postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent esophagectomy and gastrectomy.
METHODS: Five electronic databases, namely, PubMed, the Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL, were searched. Adults diagnosed with esophagogastric cancer who were scheduled to undergo surgery and had undergone uni- or multimodal prehabilitation, with at least a week of mandatory nutritional intervention, were included. Forest plots were used to extract and visualize the data from the included studies. The occurrence of any postoperative complication was considered the primary endpoint.
RESULTS: Eight studies met the eligibility criteria, with five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three cohort studies. In total, 661 patients were included. Any prehabilitation, that is, unimodal (only nutrition) and multimodal prehabilitation, collectively decreased the risk of any postoperative complication by 23% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66-0.90). A similar effect was exclusively observed for multimodal prehabilitation (risk ratio [RR] = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.66-0.93); however, it was not significant for unimodal prehabilitation. Any prehabilitation significantly decreased the length of hospital stay (LOS) (weighted mean difference = -0.77, 95% CI = -1.46 to -0.09).
CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition-based prehabilitation, particularly multimodal prehabilitation, confers protective effects against postoperative complications after esophagectomy and gastrectomy. Our findings suggest that prehabilitation slightly decreases LOS; however, the finding is not clinically significant. Therefore, additional rigorous RCTs are warranted for further substantiation.
Autophagy is a self-recycling machinery to maintain cellular homeostasis by degrading harmful materials in the cell. Autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) is required for autophagosome maturation. However, the role of Atg5 in tumorigenesis under autophagy deficient conditions remains unclear. This study focused on the autophagy-independent role of Atg5 and the underlying mechanism in tumorigenesis. We demonstrated that knockout of autophagy-related genes including Atg5, Atg7, Atg9, and p62 in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells consistently decreased cell proliferation and motility, implying that autophagy is required to maintain diverse cellular functions. An Atg7 knockout MEF (Atg7-/- MEF) cell line representing deprivation of autophagy function was used to clarify the role of Atg5 transgene in tumorigenesis. We found that Atg5-overexpressed Atg7-/-MEF (clone A) showed increased cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration under autophagy deficient conditions. Accordingly, rescuing the autophagy deficiency of clone A by overexpression of Atg7 gene shifts the role of Atg5 from pro-tumor to anti-tumor status, indicating the dual role of Atg5 in tumorigenesis. Notably, the xenograft mouse model showed that clone A of Atg5-overexpressed Atg7-/- MEF cells induced temporal tumor formation, but could not prolong further tumor growth. Finally, biomechanical analysis disclosed increased Wnt5a secretion and p-JNK expression along with decreased β-catenin expression. In summary, Atg5 functions as a tumor suppressor to protect the cell under normal conditions. In contrast, Atg5 shifts to a pro-tumor status under autophagy deprivation conditions.
A sustained release film-coated tablet for once-daily dosing, comprising 20-80 %w/w pregabalin or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, at least two release retarding agents, film coating material and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Preferably, the release retarding agent is hydroxy ethyl cellulose, a carbomer, or a combination of polyvinyl acetate, povidone, sodium lauryl sulfate and silica. The pharmaceutically acceptable excipients may be diluents and/or lubricants, a preferred diluent is mannitol and a preferred lubricant is magnesium stearate. The film coating material may be selected from vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate; cellulosics; acrylates and methacrylates; and natural gums and resins. A process of preparing the pregabalin once-daily dosage is also disclosed comprising sieving the ingredients, blending all but the magnesium stearate lubricant, adding the magnesium stearate lubricant and blending, then compressing into a tablet and coating the tablet. The tablet exhibits a drug dissolution profile wherein 10-30 % of the total amount of pregabalin is released at 1 hour and not less than 85 % of the total amount of pregabalin is released at 24 hours. The tablet is for use in treating/preventing neuropathic pain, epilepsy, fibromyalgia, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia or generalized anxiety disorder.
Acquiring a spinal cord injury (SCI) can be a traumatic event resulting in significant life changes. Both the physical and psychosocial consequences of spinal cord injury may negatively impact one's ability to accomplish activities of daily living, fully participate in occupations, and fulfill social roles. People with SCI are at a greater risk for major health conditions such as heart disease, high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes than the population without disabilities. Approximately 30% of individuals with SCI are also at risk for developing negative mood states that include depression, anxiety, and anger. These negative mood states can also increase the risk of poor health outcomes, including increased medical complications, decreased independence in self-care, and decreased productivity. People with SCI also often require a great deal of supports and services to live independently within the community, such as a personal care attendant to assist with activities of daily living, access to accessible transportation, access to medical care, and access to repair services for their mobility device. Many of these supports and services are difficult to obtain in the community, medical institutions, and businesses when everything is operating in a regular capacity. With the changes in daily operations related to the COVID-19 pandemic there are many concerns about whether vulnerable populations like persons with SCI will be able to access the supports and services they need, this project will give the investigators information about what the needs are and whether they are being met.