anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Oral cancer (OC) is a significant global health concern, with Pakistan ranking 5th worldwide in OC incidence. Given the poor prognosis, early detection of at-risk individuals is crucial. Genetic factors, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in metabolic genes, may influence OC susceptibility. This study investigated the association between SNPs in CYP1A1, COX2, SOD2, and HIF1a genes and OC risk in the Pakistani population.
METHODS: A prospective study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2022, enrolling 215 newly diagnosed OC patients and 410 controls. Genetic variations were analyzed using High-Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis and Sanger sequencing, with protein expression evaluated by ELISA.
RESULTS: No significant associations were found between the studied SNPs and OC risk. However, a non-significant trend was observed for the SOD2 variant (rs4880), where the G allele was associated with a higher OC risk than the A allele (p = 0.20). Elevated COX2 and HIF1α levels (p-values of 0.014 and < 0.001, respectively) and reduced SOD2 levels (p < 0.0001) were observed in OC patients, while CYP1A1 levels remained similar in both controls and cases.
CONCLUSION: Although SNPs in CYP1A1, COX2, SOD2, and HIF1α were not significantly associated with OC risk in the Pakistani population, altered protein expression levels of COX2, HIF1α and SOD2 suggest additional regulatory mechanisms. Further investigation into post-transcriptional modifications and epigenetic factors could lead to novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OC in Pakistan.
For continued reduction of the heart rate (up to 24 hours) in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, an intravenous infusion of diltiazem hydrochloride may be administered. Immediately following bolus administration of 20 mg (0.25 mg/kg) or 25 mg (0.35 mg/kg) diltiazem hydrochloride injection and reduction of heart rate, begin an intravenous infusion of diltiazem hydrochloride. The recommended initial infusion rate of diltiazem hydrochloride is 10 mg/h. Some patients may maintain response to an initial rate of 5 mg/h. The infusion rate may be increased in 5 mg/h increments up to 15 mg/h as needed, if further reduction in heart rate is required. The infusion may be maintained for up to 24 hours.

Diltiazem shows dose-dependent, non-linear pharmacokinetics. Duration of infusion longer than 24 hours and infusion rates greater than 15 mg/h have not been studied. Therefore, infusion duration exceeding 24 hours and infusion rates exceeding 15 mg/h are not recommended.

Dilution -To prepare diltiazem hydrochloride injection for continuous intravenous infusion, aseptically transfer the appropriate quantity (see chart) of diltiazem hydrochloride injection to the desired volume of either Normal Saline, D5W, or D5W/0.45% NaCl. Mix thoroughly. Use within 24 hours. Keep refrigerated until use. 

Compatibility -Diltiazem hydrochloride injection was tested for compatibility with three commonly used intravenous fluids at a maximal concentration of 1 mg diltiazem hydrochloride per milliliter. Diltiazem hydrochloride injection was found to be physically compatible and chemically stable in the following parenteral solutions for at least 24 hours when stored in glass or polyvinylchloride (PVC) bags at controlled room temperature 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) or under refrigeration 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). 

  * dextrose (5%) injection
  * sodium chloride (0.9%) injection
  * dextrose (5%) and sodium chloride (0.45%) injection



Physical Incompatibilities -Because of potential physical incompatibilities, it is recommended that diltiazem hydrochloride not be mixed with any other drugs in the same container. If possible, it is recommended that diltiazem hydrochloride not be co-infused in the same intravenous line. 

Physical incompatibilities (precipitate formation or cloudiness) were observed when diltiazem hydrochloride injection was infused in the same intravenous line with the following drugs: acetazolamide, acyclovir, aminophylline, ampicillin, ampicillin sodium/sulbactam sodium, cefamandole, cefoperazone, diazepam, furosemide, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, insulin (regular: 100 units/mL), methylprednisolone sodium succinate, mezlocillin, nafcillin, phenytoin, rifampin, and sodium bicarbonate.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.
Primary cilia are antenna-like structures protruding from the surface of various eukaryotic cells, and have distinct protein compositions in their membranes. This distinct protein composition is maintained by the presence of the transition zone (TZ) at the ciliary base, which acts as a diffusion barrier between the ciliary and plasma membranes. Defects in cilia and the TZ are known to cause a group of disorders collectively called the ciliopathies, which demonstrate a broad spectrum of clinical features, such as perinatally lethal Meckel syndrome (MKS), relatively mild Joubert syndrome (JBTS), and nonsyndromic nephronophthisis (NPHP). Proteins constituting the TZ can be grouped into the MKS and NPHP modules. The MKS module is composed of several transmembrane proteins and three soluble proteins. TMEM218 was recently reported to be mutated in individuals diagnosed as MKS and JBTS. However, little is known about how TMEM218 mutations found in MKS and JBTS affect the functions of cilia. In this study, we found that ciliary membrane proteins were not localized to cilia in TMEM218-knockout cells, indicating impaired barrier function of the TZ. Furthermore, the exogenous expression of JBTS-associated TMEM218 variants but not MKS-associated variants in TMEM218-knockout cells restored the localization of ciliary membrane proteins. In particular, when expressed in TMEM218-knockout cells, the TMEM218(R115H) variant found in JBTS was able to restore the barrier function of cells, whereas the MKS variant TMEM218(R115C) could not. Thus, the severity of symptoms of MKS and JBTS individuals appears to correlate with the degree of their ciliary defects at the cellular level.
Elicited pumpkin was evaluated as a potential daily consumption product able to modulate the gut microbiota. An in vitro dynamic colonic fermentation performance with microbiota from obese volunteers was used. Prebiotic effects were observed after the pumpkin treatment. Bifidobacterium abundance was maintained during the treatment period whereas Lactobacillus increased in the transversal and descending colon. Conversely, Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium groups were more stable, although scarce decreasing trends were observed for same species. Increments of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Limosilactobacillus fermentum (old Lactobacillus fermentum) were observed in the whole colonic tract after the treatment period. However, modulatory effects were mainly observed in the transversal and descending colon. Diverse bacteria species were increased, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides dorei, Cloacibacillus porcorum, Clostridium lactatifermentans, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus lactaris, Coprococcus catus, Alistipes shahii or Bacteroides vulgatus. The prebiotic effect of the elicited pumpkin was provided by the fiber of the pumpkin, suggesting a release of pectin molecules in the transversal and distal colonic tract through low cellulosic fiber degradation, explaining the increases in the total propionic and butyric acid in these colonic sections. Also, a possible modulatory role of carotenoids from the sample was suggested since carotenes were found in the descending colon. Hence, the results of this research highlighted pumpkin as a natural product able to modulate the microbiota towards a healthier profile.
Patients receive an electronic questionnaire every 3 months prior to a scheduled telephone consultation.The PRO questionnaire is used as dialogue support during the telephone consultation. The actual response for each item automatically results in a colour code (green, yellow or red). A red response indicates that the patient has a problem; a yellow colour indicates a potential problem, while a green colour indicates no problems.
IMPORTANCE: Recurrent/metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (R/M AdCC) presents a clinical challenge with limited treatment options, particularly in the face of unsatisfactory efficacy from current therapeutic approaches. This review underscores the unmet clinical needs in managing R/M AdCC, emphasising the imperative for novel therapeutic strategies to address this critical gap.
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this review is to comprehensively analyse and assess trials investigating therapeutic approaches for R/M AdCC. Emphasis is placed on endpoints such as tumour response rates and progression-free survival. The specific interventions, populations, and outcomes examined in these trials will be detailed to provide a focused and informative systematic review.
EVIDENCE REVIEW: The systematic search spanned databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews. Employing terms like "Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic" and "trial," the search focused on English full-text articles from April 1, 2010, to August 9, 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies with patients having R/M AdCC, involving drug interventions. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for retrospective studies, Cochrane ROBINS-I tool for non-randomised trials, and the ROB-2 tool for randomised controlled trials.
FINDINGS: A total of 46 trials involving 1244 patients are included in this review, encompassing a variety of therapeutic approaches for R/M AdCC. Targeted therapies, particularly Apatinib at 500 mg, exhibit efficacy with a 47.1% objective response rate (ORR). Conversely, immunotherapeutic agents demonstrate suboptimal performance, with an overall ORR ranging from 0 to 18%. While Apatinib shows promise, the review underscores the imperative for a thorough exploration of drugs targeting unique mechanisms in the immunologically cold nature of R/M AdCC.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Substantial progress in systemic therapy for R/M AdCC is evident, driven by early-phase clinical trials, particularly with promising outcomes in VEGF-2 inhibitors. However, challenges persist, notably in immunotherapy due to the cancer's immunologically cold nature. Ongoing research, prioritising early-stage trials, is crucial, emphasising exploration of emerging therapies like cell therapy and antibody-drug conjugates. Transitioning to Phase III trials is essential for more precise therapeutic insights. Collaborative efforts and a focus on personalised precision medicine are vital for overcoming challenges and advancing our understanding of treatment efficacy in this rare cancer.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for straightening curly hair using a two- or three-agent type curly hair-straightening agent by which the hair is effectively straightened with little damage to the curled hair or curly hair, and the effects thereof permanently sustain.  <P>SOLUTION: The gist of the method for straightening the curly hair includes: a first agent; and a second agent. The first agent contains a reducing agent such as ammonium thioglycolate. The second agent contains an anionic surfactant such as sodium lauryl sulfoacetate so as to promote reaction of the reducing agent and permeating actions etc., a compound such as benzyl alcohol, and an acid having pKa 2-4 such as phosphoric acid (pKa=2.12), and has pH≤3.0. Furthermore, the method for straightening the curly hair includes: carrying out a treatment of the hair according to at least the following steps (A) to (C): (A) a step of applying the first agent to the hair, and allowing the hair to stand at normal temperature or warming the hair until the hair becomes a reduced and softened state; (B) a step of washing the first agent adhering to the hair with water; and (C) a step of applying the second agent to the hair, and allowing the hair to stand for a prescribed time.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
The invention discloses a method preparing glucose raw material from broken rice for injection and preparations. The broken rice is generated by milling rice and contains bran powder. The method comprises the following steps: performing quality analysis of broken rice; pulverizing acceptable material, pretreating to remove impurities, blending, and liquefying with alpha-amylase; and saccharifying with saccharifying enzyme and pullulanase; removing impurities with activated carbon, performing ion exchange' removing impurities with activated carbon again; and performing nanofiltration and refinement to remove macromolecular compounds, and crystallizing to obtain glucose. From the second impurity removal with activated carbon, the procedures are all conducted under the environment meeting injection preparation requirements. Glucose raw material meeting injection standards is firstly prepared and then blended with liquid under the environment meeting transfusion requirements to be prepared into different types of injections. The broken rice as the raw material is easily-accessible, has low cost, and can be changed into valuables. The method has simple operation process and high product purity, is applicable to industrial production, and has broad application prospects.
All subjects will receive tofacitinib 5mg twice daily from week 0 to week 16, and a corticosteroid taper starting at week 16. Participants also undergo spirometry, RNA sequence testing, and laboratory evaluations.
Current application relates to a cosmetic powder that contains stabilized pure vitamin C (ascorbic acid) by utilizing ‘multi-encapsulation method.’ Powders of pure vitamin C are well blended with mixtures of glycerin and lecithin to form a liposome of liquid emulsion state. The emulsion, which is comprised of vitamin C, glycerin and lecithin, is encapsulated with CAB-O-SIL® TS- 530,  which is micro particle of silica treated with hexamethyldisilazane. On the other hand, emollient ingredient of jojoba oil is impregnated into pores of another porous micro powder of silica which is mixed with micro powders of polymethyl methacrylate. The emulsion encapsulated by CAB-O-SIL® powder and the jojoba oil impregnated porous micro silica powder are blended to form aggregates of oil impregnated micro porous powders surrounding an liposome encapsulated by powders of CAB-O-SIL®. Final product of aggregate is powder form in normal state. But, the powder changes to a liquid state when sprayed on a user's skin and apply pressure.
Blockages in the blood vessels of the heart are caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the main cause for chest pain and heart attacks. Gradual narrowing of the vessels of the heart caused by blockages causes chronic symptoms, such as chest pain. Those with these findings often have a cardiac catheterization to detect these blockages. Additionally these patients may have an angioplasty or stent placed to help relieve these symptoms. With this angioplasty/stent procedure, patients are placed on the drug clopidogrel to help prevent clots from forming and narrowing of the blood vessels. Clopidogrel is a blood thinner that prevents clots from forming similar to an aspirin, but is more powerful and effective. Markers, or substances, have been identified that cause worsening of the blockages in the blood vessels of the heart. Many of these substances have been shown to decrease with the use of clopidogrel. This occurs separately from clopidogrel's ability to prevent clots. Endothelial progenitor cells, or EPCs, come mostly from the bone marrow and is helpful in repairing damage to the lining of the blood vessels of the heart. The EPCs help balance out the damage incurred in the blood vessels from those harmful markers. Several other drugs commonly used in heart disease have recently been shown to improve EPCs function. With this in mind, it is important to understand more of clopidogrel's function. A decrease in markers that cause worsening of the blockages, and an increase in the number of cells that will help repair damaged blood vessels of the heart is important in avoiding future chest pain and heart attacks. This may be how clopidogrel is currently protecting patients from developing new blockages. The investigators would like to investigate whether clopidogrel will help lower the level of harmful markers in patients with coronary artery disease, and at the same time will help increase the cells that are useful in repairing the damaged blood vessels. The investigators will give half of the patients clopidogrel and the other half a sugar pill, placebo, and check the levels of these markers and helpful cells in each group. At the same time the investigators will check how well these patient's blood vessels work using ultrasound imaging of the forearm to see how blood vessels relax and tonometry to see how stiff the patient's blood vessels are. After 6 weeks of drug therapy, the patients will switch to the other drug and these same tests will be performed after an additional 6 weeks of therapy. The drug taken by the patient will not be known to the patient or the researchers. The patients will continue on their prescribed medical therapy during the duration of the 12 week study.
Former studied done on the effect of Intracameral lidocaine 1% compared to topical mydriatic agents for achieving effective mydriasis during phacoemulsification surgery have compared 2 different groups of patients, ie; One group received topical agents and the other received intracameral lidocaine. The resultant pupil size was recorded and evaluated in the 2 groups. Our purpose is to compare the effect of these agents on the same group of people.

Patients recruited will be invited first for evaluation at least 1 week before the surgery. During this evaluation 1 dose (drop) of topical cyclopentolate 1% and Phenylephrine 10% will be instilled to the evaluated eye 3 times at 10 minutes intervals. After 1 hour from the last instillation pupil diameter will be recorded. In the second part of this study during the phacoemulsification surgery patients will be given intracamerally lidocaine 1% (0.2 ml) and the pupil size will be recorded after 90 seconds. the resultant values will be evaluated/compared.
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery is necessary surgery that can take steps to improve the quality of life and functional status of patients without sternotomy. However, patients may experience intense pain in the immediate postoperative period, which can lead to inactivity, increased risk of complications, and greater consumption of opioids, resulting in adverse effects and prolonged hospital stays. Pain management is challenging due to a large number of dermatomes covered.

The interpectoral plane block + serratus anterior plane block seems to cover the thoracic dermatomes. It has been the subject of many studies in the same surgical group. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery can be excruciating in the postoperative period, just like thoracotomy surgeries. What is aimed of this study is to compare it with erector spinae block in this study. Additional anesthetic techniques, such as peripheral nerve blocks, are part of the multimodal analgesic strategy and are often used to manage acute pain better. Inadequate treatment can lead to persistent pain conditions. Although numerous nerve blocks exist for this purpose, some may fail because they do not cover the thoracic dermatomes or their entire innervation. The central hypothesis of this study hypothesis, interpectoral plane block + serratus anterior plane block, defined in 2012, has been used in many previous studies as part of multimodal analgesia in minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Erector spinae block was also described in 2018 with positive results that have been used in both sternotomies (open heart surgery) and minimally invasive procedures. In this randomized clinical trial, the study aims to compare the efficacy of previously known field blocks as part of multimodal analgesia in minimally invasive cardiac surgery. As presented in the literature, these techniques have been routinely performed so much that review articles have been written. Targeted in this study, preliminary results will be postoperative pain scores. At Namık Kemal University anesthesia clinic, It is regularly used as part of multimodal analgesia and resident training. Traditional intravenous analgesia methods cause many undesirable side effects depending on the type of opioid used, and they are insufficient compared to regional anesthesia methods.

The main aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of these two methods, routinely used in thoracic surgery.
Identifying effective, feasible, low-cost interventions that promote sustainable lifestyle changes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a key unmet need. The aim of this study was to assess predictors of lifestyle practice patterns of NAFLD patients and evaluate the implementation of a mobile technology-based intervention. We prospectively enrolled adults with NAFLD (diagnosed by imaging or biopsy). Individuals with additional liver diseases or decompensated cirrhosis were excluded. Patient were randomized to usual care or a FitBit based program for 6-months. We obtained anthropometrics, labs, vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), physical activity, diet and motivation to change data. 70 patients were enrolled, 33% with cirrhosis. Median age was 52.1 years, 47% males, 83% white, body mass index 32.3, liver stiffness 7.6 kPa, controlled attenuation parameter 319 db/m, and 50% had diabetes. Baseline HRQOL was 5.4/7 and independently negatively correlated with level of concern about their disease and positively with physical function. Younger age was independently associated with unhealthy diets whereas diabetes was independently associated with unhealthy diets and higher VCTE kPa. 6-month follow-up data available on 31 patients showed trends in improvement in weight. In a cohort of NAFLD patients, we identified independent correlates of lifestyle behaviors and HRQOL. Implementation of interventions that improve physical function may improve HRQOL in NAFLD. Younger patients and those with diabetes appeared to have the greatest need for dietary interventions. Structured mobile technology lifestyle interventions using Fitbit and personalized coaching showed promise but require further validation with a focus on sustainability of intervention and improvement in outcomes.
Patients receive enzalutamide PO QD starting on day 1 of cycle 1, and will receive Taselisib PO QD starting on day 1 of cycle 2. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.