anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Patients with chronic adrenal insufficiency (AI) are at risk of suffering from life-threatening adrenal crisis (AC), despite established hormone replacement therapies and patient education. Recent retrospective analyses observed different risk factors for AC, e.g. primary AI and comorbidities. Furthermore, patients that already experienced an AC seem to have an increased risk to develop further AC. The aim of the study is to evaluate potential risk factors/predisposing factors for AC in patients with chronic primary and secondary AI (PAI/SAI). Patients with chronic AI are assessed by clinical and biochemical examination and questionnaire to evaluate the quality of hormone replacement therapy with glucocorticoids, education status, cortisol-metabolism, catecholamine deficit, chronic inflammation and variations of the glucocorticoid receptor. AI patients with a high frequency of AC will be compared to matched controls (age, sex and cause of AI) with no AC or a low frequency of AC in the past.
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies. Recurrence and metastasis often occur after treatment, and it has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological tumors. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of cells with the ability of self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation, and infinite proliferation. They have been shown to play an important role in tumor growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and angiogenesis. Ovarian cancer side population (SP) cells, a type of CSC, have been shown to play roles in tumor formation, colony formation, xenograft tumor formation, ascites formation, and tumor metastasis. The rapid progression of tumor angiogenesis is necessary for tumor growth; however, many of the mechanisms driving this process are unclear as is the contribution of CSCs. The aim of this review was to document the current state of knowledge of the molecular mechanism of ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) in regulating tumor angiogenesis.
Participants diagnosed with AL Amyloidosis who have received treatment within 12 months preceding the enrollment will be observed prospectively. Data will be collected from the participants medical charts and via eCRFs.
Immunodeficiency predisposes to severe manifestations of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, including extensive, recalcitrant anogenital lesions and their progression towards carcinomas. This holds for primary and acquired immunodeficiencies, and post-transplant immunosuppressive therapy. About 50% to 90% of patients receiving chronic immunosuppression after allogenic transplantation develop HPV-associated lesions within 4 to 5 years, comprising 10% to 15% of patients presenting with (pre)cancerous HPV-dependent anogenital lesions. Immunodeficiency is one of the highest risk factors associated with severe clinical manifestations of HPV-associated cancers. The primary objective of this work is to compare the long-term therapeutic effectiveness of surgical intervention for HPV-dependent lesions in transplant recipients undergoing chronic immunosuppression and patients burdened with primary or acquired immunodeficiencies. Two groups of 30 patients (selected for most extensive presentations of HPV-dependent neoplastic anogenital lesions), who underwent surgical treatment of these lesions were followed up for 3 to 5 years. The first group comprised patients who qualified and underwent kidney or liver transplantation (10 for a rare disease indication) and are under chronic immunosuppressive regimens. The second group comprised patients burdened by primary or acquired immunodeficiency (15 each). The recurrence rate in the follow-up period was the primary compared parameter. The recurrence rate was higher in the second group, amounting to >15%. For the first group a <5% recurrence rate was observed for recipients without rare disease indications, compared to <15% for recipients with such indications. The importance of rapid surgical intervention and the need for postoperative monitoring for recurrence is highlighted. Chronic immunosuppression demonstrates high relative safety and efficacy in terms of HPV-dependent anogenital lesion recurrence.
The present invention provides a method for inducing differentiation of an embryonic stem cell into a differentiated neural cell. The present invention further provides a method for producing differentiated neural cells, and a population of cells comprising the differentiated neural cells. Additionally, the present invention provides a method for repopulating a spinal cord in a subject, and a method for treating nervous tissue degeneration in a subject in need of treatment. The present invention further provides neural progenitor cells, differentiated neural cells, and uses of same. Also provided is a transgenic non-human animal containing the differentiated neural cells. The present invention is further directed to a method for isolating a population of differentiated neural cells. Finally, the present invention provides a method for identifying an agent for use in treating a condition associated with neuron degeneration.
BACKGROUND: The insoluble tangles of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) protein in the nigrostriatal circuit, characteristic of synucleinopathy, originate from low molecular weight oligomers, whose appearance and dissemination are related to neuroinflammation. These oligomeric forms of α-syn are considered highly cytotoxic but transient, so knowing the timing in which they appear remains challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the abundance of oligomeric forms of α-syn and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) between 3 and 7 days after inducing neuroinflammation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
METHODS AND RESULTS: LPS (2.5 µg/2.5 µL) was stereotaxically injected in the substantia nigra (SN) of adult male Wistar rats, which were sacrificed 3, 5 and 7 days after this intervention. The brains were processed for semi quantitative Western blot, along with brains from control and sham animals. Our results show an increased expression of α-syn monomer (15 kDa) only 3 days after LPS infusion, and the formation of 50 KDa and 60 kDa α-syn oligomers in the SN and striatum (STR) between 3 and 7 days after LPS infusion. Furthermore, the presence of these oligomers was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of nigral TH.
CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the rapidity with which potentially toxic forms of α-syn appear in the nigrostriatal circuit after a neuroinflammatory challenge, in addition to allowing us to identify specific oligomers and a temporal relation with neurodegeneration of TH-positive cells. Knowledge of the timing and location in which these small oligomers appear is essential to developing therapeutic strategies to prevent its formation.
With improved survival, the clinical spectrum of cystic fibrosis (CF), a complex multi systemic disease, continue to evolve. A major emerging complication is CF related diabetes (CFRD). CFRD is a major co-morbidity occurring in 20% of adolescents and 40-50% of adults and is mainly due to reduced insulin secretion. Patients who develop CFRD are at increase risk of morbidity and mortality and they are also facing an increased medical burden with insulin therapy, the only recommended treatment. Because accelerated decline in weight and/or pulmonary function start 2 to 4 years before CFRD onset and that this period is characterized by frequent Post-Prandial Glycemic (PPG) excursions, the role of these PPG excursions in clinical deterioration have been investigated. The investigators have shown that higher PPG excursions are associated with lower pulmonary function and others have shown that PPG excursions predicts future CFRD risk. Food overconsumption is discouraged in other forms of diabetes to avoid overweight or obesity, but also to prevent an increase in insulin demand. In contrast, nutritional approach for patients with CF focuses on high-energy high-fat diet to meet increased energy requirements. In combination with an appropriate pancreatic enzyme supplementation, this approach contributes significantly to the improved nutritional status, lung function and survival of patients. However, such diet also contributes to increased PPG excursions. Based on the beneficial effects of nutrition therapy to improve PPG in other forms of pre-diabetes and diabetes, extending such benefits to patients with CF is important. In the context of high CF treatment burden, such approach should however be simple and not inducing weight loss. The investigators aim to test the feasibility and the effectiveness of a viscous fiber supplement to reduce PPG in adult patients with CF. Using a randomized crossover design, the investigators will study the impact of two doses of a viscous fiber supplement as compared to a placebo in controlled conditions, in 22 patients, over 8 hours, at the research center with 2 standardized mixed-meals: breakfast and lunch on PPG excursions.
Exosomes, as pivotal entities within the tumor microenvironment, orchestrate intercellular communication through the transfer of diverse molecules, among which non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs play a crucial role. These ncRNAs, endowed with regulatory functions, are selectively incorporated into exosomes. Emerging evidence underscores the significance of exosomal ncRNAs in modulating key oncogenic processes in thyroid cancer (TC), including proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and immunoediting. The unique composition of exosomes shields their cargo from enzymatic and chemical degradation, ensuring their integrity and facilitating their specific expression in plasma. This positions exosomal ncRNAs as promising candidates for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in TC. Moreover, the potential of exosomes in the therapeutic landscape of TC is increasingly recognized. This review aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between exosomal ncRNAs and TC, fostering a deeper comprehension of their mechanistic involvement. By doing so, it endeavors to propel forward the exploration of exosomal ncRNAs in TC, ultimately paving the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies predicated on exosomes and their ncRNA content.
Cell corpse removal is a critical component of both development and homeostasis throughout the animal kingdom. Extensive research has revealed many of the mechanisms involved in corpse removal, typically involving engulfment and digestion by another cell; however, the dynamics of cell corpse clearance in adult tissues remain unclear. Here, we track cell death in the adult planarian Schmidtea mediterranea and find that, following light-induced cell death, pigment cell corpses transit to the gut and are excreted from the animal. Gut phagocytes, previously only known to phagocytose food, are required for pigment cells to enter the gut lumen. Finally, we show that the planarian ortholog of ced-12/engulfment and cell motility (ELMO) is required for corpse phagocytosis and removal through the gut. In total, we present a mechanism of cell clearance in an adult organism involving transit of dead cells to the gut, transport into the gut by phagocytes, and physical excretion of debris.
A system for assisting the creation of an electronic report assists the creation of electronic report data files and holds plural report templates. An appropriate template is selected from the plural report templates according to the inspection purpose. At an arbitrary time during an inspection, plural bookmarked data files are produced. Each bookmarked data file contains information identifying inspection data of interest. After the inspection, inspection data of interest is automatically identified by the bookmarked data files. The inspection data is automatically attached to the report template.
The incidence of obesity has increased dramatically over the past two decades in the United States (US). Twenty-five percent of adult Americans are now classified as obese. Obesity is associated with physiological alterations that can affect drug clearance and volume of distribution. Obese subjects are often excluded from phase 1 pharmacokinetic studies. As a result, drug dosing regimens developed for clinical use may not be appropriate for the obese population. Use of fixed dosing regimens may result in under dosing of obese patients. In contrast adjustment of drug dosing based on total body weight may lead to over dosing of obese patients. Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu®) is an antiviral agent that is currently dosed as 75 mg once daily for chemoprophylaxis and twice daily for treatment of influenza in adults.

Oseltamivir is rapidly converted to its active metabolite, oseltamivir carboxylate by esterases. The clearance of oseltamivir carboxylate is dependent on tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. Given that these drug elimination pathways may be enhanced in obese individuals, oseltamivir carboxylate plasma exposures may be lower in obese subjects compared to normal weight subjects. Although a specific plasma exposure target for oseltamivir carboxylate has not been established, lower oseltamivir carboxylate exposures may predispose obese patients to treatment failure and increase the probability for emergence of oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus. The current study proposes to characterize the plasma oseltamivir carboxylate concentration-time profile after multiple doses of oral oseltamivir in a cohort of healthy morbidly obese subjects. The study will be performed using a phase 1, open-label,multiple dose, pharmacokinetic study design in twenty obese adult subjects. This pilot study will provide pharmacokinetic data that may be incorporated into existing oseltamivir carboxylate population pharmacokinetic models to define appropriate doses of oseltamivir in obese patients.
PURPOSE:To provide a drug composition containing a specific organic germanium compound as an active component in combination with a carrier for drug preparation, exhibiting strong and stable physiological activity through immune system, and useful as a remedy for tumor, viral disease, inflammation, etc. CONSTITUTION:The objective drug composition exhibiting physiological activity through the immune system can be prepared by using an organic germanium compound of the rational formula (n is integer of >=1), in combination with at least one kind of a carrier for drug preparation. The compound is a white acicular crystal having a water-solubility of 1.57g/100ml at 25 deg.C and a melting point of 240 deg.C (decomposition). The carrier is usually lactose, and its amount is preferably >=50%. Dose: 0.5-20mg/kg. It is effective for the remedy of tumor, viral disease, inflammation, hepatopathy, various autoimmune diseases, etc.
Women should not breastfeed while using doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets. 

The molecular weight of doxylamine succinate is low enough that passage into breast milk can be expected. Excitement, irritability and sedation have been reported in nursing infants presumably exposed to doxylamine succinate through breast milk. Infants with apnea or other respiratory syndromes may be particularly vulnerable to the sedative effects of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride resulting in worsening of their apnea or respiratory conditions. 

Pyridoxine hydrochloride is excreted into breast milk. There have been no reports of adverse events in infants presumably exposed to pyridoxine hydrochloride through breast milk.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and is a major cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide (Forner et al., 2018; He et al., 2023). Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by an accelerated loss of skeletal muscle (SM) mass that may be age-related or the result of malnutrition in cancer patients (Cruz-Jentoft and Sayer, 2019). Preoperative sarcopenia in HCC patients treated with hepatectomy or liver transplantation is an independent risk factor for poor survival (Voron et al., 2015; van Vugt et al., 2016). Previous studies have used various criteria to define sarcopenia, including muscle area and density. However, the lack of standardized diagnostic methods for sarcopenia limits their clinical use. In 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) renewed a consensus on the definition of sarcopenia: low muscle strength, loss of muscle quantity, and poor physical performance (Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2019). Radiological imaging-based measurement of muscle quantity or mass is most commonly used to evaluate the degree of sarcopenia. The gold standard is to measure the SM and/or psoas muscle (PM) area using abdominal computed tomography (CT) at the third lumbar vertebra (L3), as it is linearly correlated to whole-body SM mass (van Vugt et al., 2016). According to a "North American Expert Opinion Statement on Sarcopenia," SM index (SMI) is the preferred measure of sarcopenia (Carey et al., 2019). The variability between morphometric muscle indexes revealed that they have different clinical relevance and are generally not applicable to broader populations (Esser et al., 2019).
Participants received 4 mg of Baricitinib orally once a day for 12 weeks. Cohort B was planned, but due to enrollment futility, the strategic decision was made to terminate the study.
The present invention relates to the preparation of physic liquor for preventing and curing chilblain and a use method thereof. The drug liquid is infused by 11 kinds of natural Chinese herbal medicine, and dried ginger, galingale, pepper and hot pepper are respectively 15% according to weight portion; angelica, safflower and panax notoginseng are respectively 8%; and gegen, fructus cnidii, motherwort and kuhseng are respectively 4%. The 11 kinds of natural Chinese herbal medicines are decocted with water, concentrated and filtrated to prepare physic liquor. When the physic liquor is used, matched and designed purified cotton products, comprising foot sleeves, gloves, ear sleeves, shoulder protectors, knee protectors, etc., soaked in the physic liquor for 48 hours, taken out and then dried. 8 to 12% of humidity is maintained, and then, a proper amount of essence is sprayed and attached to the corresponding position of a human body. Drug property can be slowly released to promote blood circulation, and therefore, heat is generated on skin to reach effects of the prevention and the treatment of chilblain and obvious warming effect. The physic liquor has the advantages of simple structure and convenient use, and can not pollute clothes originally worn.
Participants will be provided with three dance genre options to choose from, ballroom dance, street dance/Hip-pop and ballet, and the most-voted genre will be delivered. Dance sessions are instructed twice a week for eight weeks. Every session lasts 45-60 minutes, containing 5-10 minutes of warm-up and 35-55 minutes of learning or practicing. In the first four weeks, a short dance sequence will be taught and in the following four weeks, participants will mainly practicing the learnt sequence along with music.
Two randomized, placebo-controlled, two-year trials were conducted in 266 postmenopausal women who were greater than 5 years postmenopause with spinal, forearm or femoral bone mineral density (BMD) at least one standard deviation below the normal value for healthy premenopausal women (T-score < -1). In both studies, a total of 144 patients received Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Solution 200 International Units or placebo daily. The intent-to-treat population comprised 139 patients who had at least one follow-up BMD measurement. In study 1, patients also received 500 mg daily calcium supplements, while in study 2, patients received no calcium supplementation. The primary endpoint for both studies was percent change in lumbar spine BMD at 2 years. Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Solution increased lumbar vertebral BMD relative to placebo in women with low bone mass who were greater than 5 years post menopause (see Table 3 below).

Table 3: Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Solution: Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density In Women Greater Than 5 years Postmenopause With Low Bone Mass

No effects of calcitonin-salmon nasal solution on cortical bone of the forearm or hip were demonstrated.

In clinical studies of postmenopausal osteoporosis, bone biopsy and radial bone mass assessments at baseline and after 26 months of daily injectable calcitonin-salmon indicate that calcitonin therapy results in the formation of normal bone.
The CDSS2 will provide decision support according to existing protocols for clinical procedures and medical treatment, mainly starting from specific symptoms or diagnostic related patients groups. The symptom oriented approach is categorised in a specific list of predetermined conditions.
The present invention relates to a fully synthetic pulmonary surfactant (PS) formulation, a composition thereof, a preparation method, and a use thereof. Specifically, provided in the present invention is a PS formulation having a novel formula. Further provided in the present invention is a method for preparing the PS formulation. Further provided in the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the PS formulation. The fully synthetic PS formulation of the present invention can increase in-vitro surface activity and improve blood oxygen levels, pulmonary compliance, etc., in animal pharmacodynamic experiments. The fully synthetic PS formulation of the present invention can be clinically used for treating and preventing diseases associated with pulmonary surfactant deficiency or dysfunction, such as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and PS deficiency or dysfunction induced by severe pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome, novel coronavirus disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a medicine composition containing a specific compound exhibiting an excellent urinary sugar-increasing action and an excellent blood sugar-lowering action based on a glucose reabsorptlon-inhibiting action in a kidney, and effective for diabetes. SOLUTION: This medicine composition contains a proplophenone derivative of formula I [X is 0, S, methylene; OY is OH which may be protected; Z is β-D-glucopyranosyl, 4-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl, their derivatives wherein one or plural OH groups are acylated; the dotted line expresses the presence or absence of a double bond] or its pharmacologically acceptable salt as an active ingredient. The compound of formula I is especially 2'-[2,3-di- O-(lower alkanoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-6'-hydroxy-3-(5-benzo[b]furanyl) proplophenone, etc. The compound of formula I, e.g. a compound of formula II (R is an acyl), is obtained by acylating a compound of formula III. The daily dose of the compound of formula I is approximately 0.1-100mg/kg in oral administration.
Participants randomized to plug-unplug catheter management. Participants plug and unplug catheters when they feel urge to void or at least every 4 hours during the day. Participants are given the option to use a large drainage bag for convenience overnight.
High affinity antibodies were made to gangliosides expressed on tumor cells. The antibodies can be used analytically, diagnostically, therapeutically, and theranostically. The antibodies may be used to target cytotoxic reagents to tumor cells, thus minimizing full-body toxicity. The antibodies may also be used with out added cytotoxin. The antibodies may be detectably labeled or labelable for analytic and diagnostic purposes. The combination of specificity and affinity of the antibodies render them particularly useful.