anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Post-stroke cognitive impairment is a significant challenge with limited treatment options. Electroacupuncture (EA) has shown promise in improving cognitive function after stroke. Our study explores the underlying mechanism of EA in alleviating cognitive impairment through the inhibition of autophagy. We utilized a rat model of stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to evaluate the efficacy of EA. Treatment with EA was observed to markedly improve cognitive function and reduce inflammation in MCAO rats, as evidenced by decreased neurological deficit scores, shorter latencies in the water maze test, and diminished infarct volumes. EA also attenuated tissue damage in the hippocampus and lowered the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. Although autophagy was upregulated in MCAO rats, EA treatment suppressed this process, indicated by a reduction in autophagosome formation and alteration of autophagy-related protein expression. The protective effects of EA were reversed by the autophagy activator rapamycin. EA treatment elevated the levels of microRNA (miR)-135a-5p expression, and suppression of this elevation attenuated the remedial efficacy of EA in addressing cognitive impairment and inflammation. MiR-135a-5p targeted mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling to repress autophagy. EA treatment inhibits autophagy and alleviates cognitive impairment in post-stroke rats. It exerts its beneficial effects by upregulating miR-135a-5p and targeting the mTOR/NLRP3 axis.
OBJECTIVES: The evaluation of Fontan-associated liver disease is often challenging. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging can detect hepatic fibrosis from capillary perfusion and diffusion abnormalities from extracellular matrix accumulation. This study investigated its role in the evaluation of liver disease in Fontan patients and explored possible diagnostic methods for early detection of advanced liver fibrosis.
METHODS: Stable adult Fontan patients who could safely be examined with magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled, and blood biomarkers, transient elastography were also examined.
RESULTS: Forty-six patients received diffusion-weighted imaging; and 58.7% were diagnosed with advanced liver fibrosis (severe liver fibrosis, 37.0%, and cirrhosis 21.7%). Two parameters of hepatic dysfunction, platelet counts (Spearman's ρ: -0.456, P = 0.001) and cholesterol levels (Spearman's ρ: -0.383, P = 0.009), decreased with increasing severity of fibrosis. Using transient elastography, a cut-off value of 14.2 kPa predicted the presence of advanced liver fibrosis, but with a low positive predictive value. When we included platelet count, cholesterol, post-Fontan years and transient elastography values as a composite, the capability of predicting advanced liver fibrosis was the most satisfactory (C statistic 0.817 ± 0.071, P < 0.001). A cut-off value of 5.0 revealed a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 82%.
CONCLUSIONS: In Fontan patients, diffusion-weighted imaging was helpful in detecting liver fibrosis that was correlated with hepatic dysfunction. A simple score was proposed for long-term surveillance and early detection of advanced liver disease in adult Fontan patients. For adult Fontan patients with a calculated score > 5.0, we may consider timely diffusion-weight imaging and early management for liver complications.
Death has been reported in children who have accidentally ingested transmucosal immediate-release fentanyl products.

Patients and their caregivers must be informed that fentanyl buccal tablet contains a medicine in an amount which can be fatal to a child. Healthcare providers and dispensing pharmacists must specifically question patients or caregivers about the presence of children in the home (on a full time or visiting basis) and counsel them regarding the dangers to children from inadvertent exposure.

Patients and their caregivers must be instructed to keep both used and unused dosage units out of the reach of children. While all units should be disposed of immediately after use, partially consumed units represent a special risk to children. In the event that a unit is not completely consumed it must be properly disposed as soon as possible.

Detailed instructions for the proper storage, administration, disposal, and important instructions for managing an overdose of fentanyl buccal tablet are provided in the fentanyl buccal tablet Medication Guide. Encourage patients to read this information in its entirety and give them an opportunity to have their questions answered.
The invention relates to a use of surface active hydrophobins for applications in pharmaceutical technology, in particular as excipients for galenic use. Provided is a method for either admixture of hydrophobins to galenic compositions or for treating the surface of pharmaceutical forms with a hydrophobin-containing solution to modify the pharmaceutical properties of the galenic form. In a preferred embodiment of the invention hydrophobins are used to improve the properties of a pharmaceutical composition, e.g. to act as a surfactant or to increase resistance to disintegration of the galenic forms to achieve a retarded drug release. The galenic form to be modified by the use of surface active proteins as excipients can be capsules, tablets, pills, microparticles, vesicles, and suppositories, although further galenic forms are envisioned. The surface active proteins used for the purpose of present invention can either be isolated from their respective natural source or prepared by recombinant techniques and expression in a suitable host.
Biological: AAV2/5-hPDE6B Unilateral (one eye), subretinal, administration of the lowest dose. Dose-escalation will be performed after DSMC assessment.
During active stimulation phase, patients will receive through the spinal cord stimulator active tonic stimulation with amplitude set to 90% of paresthesia inducing threshold, therefore allowing blinding. Patients will be evaluated after a three week wash out period with no stimulation and after three weeks of continuous active stimulation.
Obesity-related inflammation is central to the development of type 2 diabetes and potentiated by advancing age, inactive behavior and sedentary lifestyle. Metabolism and immunity are entangled in their respective effects: the pathways of inflammation are involved in metabolism and the metabolic state plays a predominant role in immune function. Physical activity and calorie restriction are first-line, non-drug strategies recommended in reducing obesity and insulin resistance and then prevent type 2 diabetes. However, the impact of their combined effects on circulating immune cells or those residing in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, remains insufficiently understood to allow a nutritional prescription (i.e., quality of nutritional intake and efficient doses of physical activity) favorable to preventive medical care, individualized, and effective. If the risk associated with an increase in visceral fat mass is linked to a change in the pro/anti-inflammatory status, it is essential to reduce this risk by acting on its cause, regardless of the weight loss. In a context of low-grade inflammation, these effects could lead to an anti-inflammatory profile of T cells, specifically regulatory T cells (Treg) whose metabolism is extremely "flexible" at the periphery and into visceral adipose tissue (directly involved in inflammation of obesity).

ALA (Alpha-Lipoic Acid) is known to play a pivotal role in cellular redox status and energy metabolism by modulating inflammatory and metabolic signaling pathways such as those of NF-kB, JNK, PI3K/Akt, p38 MAPK, AMPK or PPARβ/δ. As ALA is a possible metabolic modulator, it would affect the metabolism of T cells. And therefore ALA could be a complementary measure to non-drug strategies by potentiating the correction of the inflammatory state linked to obesity.
Subjects with MDR-TB. J(200mg)MPaZ: Bedaquiline 200mg once daily Days 1-56; plus moxifloxacin 400mg once daily Days 1-56; plus PA-824 200mg once daily Days 1-56; plus pyrazinamide 1500mg once daily Days 1-56.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine in treating sepsis patients with bloodstream infection.
METHODS: A 6-year retrospective study was carried out at a university hospital in China. Adult sepsis patients with bloodstream infection were included. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality after admission. Propensity score method was used to adjust for possible confounding. 28-day mortality was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was carried out to identify factors impacting in-hospital mortality outcomes.
RESULTS: Following the application of the propensity score method, a total of 176 patients were included. The all-cause 28-day mortality in the control group and Chinese herbal medicine group was 21.6% and 14.8%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that Chinese herbal medicine was associated with a lower hazard ratio (HR) in all-cause 28-day death compared with the control group [HR = 0.44, 95% CI(0.22, 0.90), P < 0.05]. The complications were similar between the two groups (P >0.05). Blood-activating and stasis-eliminating herb administration was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality among sepsis patients with bloodstream infection [HR = 0.54, 95% CI(0.34, 0.94), P < 0.05].
CONCLUSIONS: Chinese herbal medicine, especially the blood-activating and stasis-eliminating herb, might have certain efficacy and safety in treating sepsis patients with bloodstream infection. Clinicians should prescribe blood-activating and stasis-eliminating herb in treating these two coalescent critical diseases as long as no contraindications exist. However, further studies are needed to validate our results.
PURPOSE: To obtain a DHA-containing oil or fat which can be used as a food additive without limitation of loadings, can control the generation of a peculiar malodor in storage, and has high oxidation stability. CONSTITUTION: 100 pts.wt. oil or fat which contains at least 10wt.% docosahexaenoic acid and which comprises at least one oil or fat selected from the group consisting of, e.g. tuna oils, bonito oils, sardine oil, saurel oils, mackerel oils and squid oils or an oil or fat having concentrated docosahexaenoic acid and made by using these oils as raw material is mixed with 25-400 pts.wt. vegetable oil which has an iodine value of 70 to 130 and an α-linolenic acid content of less than 2wt.% and comprises, e.g. a rice bran oil, a cotton seed oil, a sesame oil or a corn oil. This oil mixture is modified by transesterification using lipase to give an oil or fat containing 2-30wt.% docosahexaenoic acid.
Myocardial infarction results in the significant loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) due to the ischemic injury following coronary occlusion leading to impaired contractility, fibrosis, and ultimately heart failure. Stem cell therapy emerged as a promising regenerative strategy to replenish the otherwise terminally differentiated CM to restore cardiac function. Multiple strategies have been applied to successfully differentiate diverse stem cell populations into CM-like phenotypes characterized by the expression status of signature biomarkers and observable spontaneous contractions. This article discusses the current understanding and applications of various stem cell phenotypes to drive the differentiation machinery toward CM-like lineage. Impact Statement Ischemic heart disease (IHD) extensively affects a large proportion of the population worldwide. Unfortunately, current treatments for IHD are insufficient to restore cardiac effectiveness and functionality. A growing field in regenerative cardiology explores the potential for stem cell therapy following cardiovascular ischemic episodes. The thorough understanding regarding the potential and shortcomings of translational approaches to drive versatile stem cells to cardiomyocyte lineage paves the way for multiple opportunities for next-generation cardiac management.
Codeine and its active metabolite, morphine, are present in human milk. There are published studies and cases that have reported excessive sedation, respiratory depression, and death in infants exposed to codeine via breast milk. Women who are ultra-rapid metabolizers of codeine achieve higher than expected serum levels of morphine, potentially leading to higher levels of morphine in breast milk that can be dangerous in their breastfed infants. In women with normal codeine metabolism (normal CYP2D6 activity), the amount of codeine secreted into human milk is low and dose-dependent.

There is no information on the effects of codeine on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions, including excess sedation, respiratory depression, and death in a breastfed infant, advise patients that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with acetaminophen and codeine phosphate tablets [see WARNINGS]. 

Acetaminophen is excreted in breast milk in small amounts, but the significance of its effect on nursing infants is not known. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from acetaminophen, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Clinical Considerations

If infants are exposed to acetaminophen and codeine phosphate tablets through breast milk, they should be monitored for excess sedation and respiratory depression. Withdrawal symptoms can occur in breastfed infants when maternal administration of an opioid analgesic is stopped, or when breastfeeding is stopped.
Experience with CARDURA overdosage is limited. Two adolescents, who each intentionally ingested 40 mg CARDURA with diclofenac or acetaminophen, were treated with gastric lavage with activated charcoal and made full recoveries. A two-year-old child who accidently ingested 4 mg CARDURA was treated with gastric lavage and remained normotensive during the five-hour emergency room observation period. A six-month-old child accidentally received a crushed 1 mg tablet of CARDURA and was reported to have been drowsy. A 32-year-old female with chronic renal failure, epilepsy, and depression intentionally ingested 60 mg CARDURA (blood level = 0.9 mcg/mL; normal values in hypertensives = 0.02 mcg/mL); death was attributed to a grand mal seizure resulting from hypotension. A 39-year-old female who ingested 70 mg CARDURA, alcohol, and Dalmane® (flurazepam) developed hypotension which responded to fluid therapy.

The oral LD50 of doxazosin is greater than 1000 mg/kg in mice and rats. The most likely manifestation of overdosage would be hypotension, for which the usual treatment would be intravenous infusion of fluid. As doxazosin is highly protein bound, dialysis would not be indicated.
The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine for preventing swine influenza, which belongs to the field of pharmaceutical technology. The invention mainly solves the following problems in preventing swine influenza: Swines are difficult to catch; toxic heat can not be completely discharged out of swines; the cost is high. In addition, the invention helps to improve the immunity of swines and prevent the second infection of swine influenza effectively. The above traditional Chinese medicine comprises, by weight, 2-6 parts of forsythia fruit, 1-3 parts of dandelion, 2-6 parts of radix isatidis, 1-3 parts of isatis leaf, 1-2 parts of lobelia chinensis, 1-3 parts of licorice, 1-2 parts of root of large-flowered skullcap, 2-6 parts of Yedo violet, 1-2 parts of windproof and 1-2 parts of cimicifuga foetida. Compatibility of Chinese traditional medicine gives a full play in the invention. As a result, toxic heat is completely discharged out of swines and the immunity of swines is improved. The invention also has the advantages of low cost, few toxic or side effect and free of catching swines.
Parents randomized to the Mirror Me condition will complete the 4 Mirror Me modules over a period of 5 weeks (\~1 per week plus a week to practice). They will be provided with a visual guide for how to access the website. At 5 weeks, they will complete a remote parent-child interaction. Then they will be told their condition and to continue to use the website and practice what they have learned with their children.
In patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), CT coronary angiography (CTCA) provides excellent sensitivity and negative predictive value, enabling the safe exclusion of significant CAD. However, its positive predictive value remains suboptimal (c.50%). Undertaking additional CT-FFR improves specificity and positive predictive value, reducing unnecessary invasive coronary angiography. It has been established that CMR perfusion imaging offers excellent diagnostic accuracy for the identification of functionally significant coronary artery disease. The diagnostic performance of qualitative CMR perfusion assessment may be further enhanced by additional quantitative assessment. The purpose of this prospective observational study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of all three modalities (CT-FFR and qualitative and quantitative CMR perfusion imaging), involving 300 patients with suspected coronary artery disease referred for invasive coronary angiography. A subset of 167 subjects will undergo an additional accelerated CMR scan for comparison. Invasively measured fractional flow reserve (FFR) will serve as the reference standard.
PURPOSE: An antibacterial composition containing Vitis vinifera root, Symplocos prunifolia, or Campylotropis macrocarpa extract is provided to prevent food poisoning and food spoilage. CONSTITUTION: An antibacterial composition contains Vitis vinifera root, Symplocos prunifolia, or Campylotropis macrocarpa extract as an active ingredient. The extract is prepared using water, low alcohol of C1-C4, or a mixture solvent thereof. The extraction solvent is methanol or ethanol. An antibacterial composition eliminates Micrococcus luteus, Bacilus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus hirae, Propionibacterium acnes, and Streptococcus mutans. The antibacterial composition is an external use skin formulation manufactured in the form of solutions, suspensions, sprays, patches, pads, creams, ointments, or gels.
Early life stress (ELS) increases risk for psychiatric illness, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Researchers have hypothesized that individuals with and without a history of ELS who have the same primary DSM-5 diagnosis are clinically and biologically distinct. While there is strong support for this hypothesis in the context of mood disorders, the hypothesis remains largely untested in the context of AUD. This study investigated the impact of ELS on the neuroclinical phenomenology and inflammatory profile of individuals with AUD. Treatment-seeking adults with AUD (N = 163) completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Questionnaire and phenotypic battery as part of a pharmacotherapy trial for AUD (NCT03594435). Participants were classified as having "no-ELS," (ACE = 0) "moderate-ELS," (ACE = 1, 2 or 3) or "high-ELS" (ACE = 4 + ). The Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment domains incentive salience and negative emotionality were derived and used to assess the neuroclinical phenomenology of AUD. We tested (1) cumulative ELS as a predictor of ANA domains and (2) ELS group differences in ANA domains. A subset of participants (N = 98) provided blood samples for a biomarker of peripheral inflammation (C-reactive protein; CRP); analyses were repeated with CRP as the outcome variable. Greater ELS predicted higher negative emotionality and elevated CRP, but not incentive salience. The high-ELS group exhibited greater negative emotionality compared with the no-ELS and moderate-ELS groups, with no difference between the latter two groups. The high-ELS group exhibited elevated CRP compared with the no/moderate-ELS group. Findings suggest that high-ELS exposure is associated with a unique AUD neuroclinical presentation marked by greater negative emotionality, and inflammatory profile characterized by elevated peripheral CRP.
Prolonged consumption of diet rich in fats is regarded as the major factor leading to the insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Emerging evidence link excessive accumulation of bioactive lipids such as diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramide (Cer), with impairment of insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. Until recently, little has been known about the involvement of long-chain acyl-CoAs synthetases in the above mechanism. To examine possible role of long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase 1 (Acsl1) (a major muscular ACSL isoform) in mediating HFD-induced IR we locally silenced Acsl1 in gastrocnemius of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice through electroporation-delivered shRNA and compared it to non-silenced tissue within the same animal. Acsl1 down-regulation decreased the content of muscular long-chain acyl-CoA (LCACoA) and both the Cer (C18:1-Cer and C24:1-Cer) and DAG (C16:0/18:0-DAG, C16:0/18:2-DAG, C18:0/18:0-DAG) and simultaneously improved insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake as compared with non-silenced tissue. Acsl1 down-regulation decreased expression of mitochondrial β-oxidation enzymes, and the content of both the short-chain acylcarnitine (SCA-Car) and short-chain acyl-CoA (SCACoA) in muscle, pointing towards reduction of mitochondrial FA oxidation. The results indicate, that beneficial effects of Acsl1 partial ablation on muscular insulin sensitivity are connected with inhibition of Cer and DAG accumulation, and outweigh detrimental impact of decreased mitochondrial fatty acids metabolism in skeletal muscle of obese HFD-fed mice.
INTRODUCTION: Physical activity (PA) has shown great benefits in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, their PA is below average. Motivational factors associated with PA in COPD have not been widely studied and could be a target for improving adherence to PA. The objective of our study was to identify and understand the different motivational and confidence factors related to low levels of PA in a COPD cohort.
METHOD: Observational, prospective, multicenter study of COPD patients. Sociodemographic data, respiratory symptoms, comorbidities, spirometry, and exercise capacity were collected. PA was measured using the Dynaport accelerometer and patient motivation and confidence in PA were assessed by a questionnaire previously used in a COPD population in the USA.
RESULTS: Eighty six COPD patients were included, 68.6% being male, with a mean (SD) age of 66.6 (8.5) years and a mean forced expiratory volume in the first second (%) of 50.9% (17.3%). The mean walking time was 82.8 (37.8) minutes/day. Questions related to health benefits and enjoying exercise were ranked highest in the motivation questionnaire and statistically significant differences were found in PA measures between patients with low and high motivation. A lack of confidence regarding hot weather and health-related issues significantly influenced PA levels. Advice from third parties, including healthcare providers, was not associated with higher PA levels.
CONCLUSIONS: Improving the health of COPD patients is their main motivation to perform PA. Lack of confidence when it is hot or when they fear for their health is related to low levels of PA. Advice from third parties, including healthcare professionals, is not associated with higher PA. These results are relevant for developing strategies to increase the adherence of COPD patients to PA programs.
Patients receive oral dasatinib at 70 mg twice daily on days 1-21. Courses repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.