anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The detrimental effects of cigarette smoking on cardiovascular health, particularly atherosclerosis and thrombosis, are well established, and more detailed mechanisms continue to emerge. As the fundamental pathophysiology of the adverse effects of smoking, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and thrombosis are considered to be particularly important. Cigarette smoke induces endothelial dysfunction, leading to impaired vascular dilation and hemostasis regulation. Factors contributing to endothelial dysfunction include reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide, increased levels of superoxide anion, and endothelin release. Chronic inflammation of the vascular wall is a central pathogenesis of smoking-induced atherosclerosis. Smoking systemically elevates inflammatory markers and induces the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines in various tissues. Pattern recognition receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns play crucial roles in the mechanism underlying smoking-induced inflammation. Smoking-induced DNA damage and activation of innate immunity, such as the NLRP3 inflammasome, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, and Toll-like receptor 9, are shown to amplify inflammatory cytokine expression. Cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and inflammation influence platelet adhesion, aggregation, and coagulation via adhesion molecule upregulation. Furthermore, it affects the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis balance, causing thrombus formation. Matrix metalloproteinases contribute to plaque vulnerability and atherothrombotic events. The impact of smoking on inflammatory cells and adhesion molecules further intensifies the risk of atherothrombosis. Collectively, exposure to cigarette smoke exerts profound effects on endothelial function, inflammation, and thrombosis, contributing to the development and progression of atherosclerosis and atherothrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these intricate mechanisms highlights the urgent need for smoking cessation to protect cardiovascular health. This comprehensive review investigates the multifaceted mechanisms through which smoking contributes to these life-threatening conditions.
OBJECTIVES: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-organ autoimmune disease, of which the pathogens is remains obscure. Viral infection, particularly Epstein Barr viru (EBV) infection, has been considered a common pathogenic factor. This study suggests that c-Maf may be an important target in T cell differentiation during SLE progression, providing a potentially new perspective on the role of viral infection in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
METHODS: Cytokines of EBV-infected SLE patients were measured by ELISA and assessed in conjunction with their clinical data. IFN-α, c-Maf, and the differentiation of Th17/Treg cells in SLE patients and MRL/LPR mice were analyzed using FCM, WB, RT-PCR, etc. Following the infection of cells and mice with EBV or viral mimic poly (dA:dT), the changes of the aforementioned indicators were investigated. The relationship among IFN-α, STAT3, c-Maf and Th17 cells was determined by si-RNA technique.
RESULTS: Many SLE patients are found to be complicated by viral infections; Further, studies have demonstrated that viral infection, especially EBV, is involved in SLE development. This study showed that viral infections might promote IFN-α secretion, inhibit c-Maf expression by activating STAT3, increase Th17 cell differentiation, and lead to the immune imbalance of Th17/Treg cells, thus playing a role in the onset and progression of SLE.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that EBV infections may contribute to SLE development by activating STAT3 through IFN-α, inhibiting c-Maf, and causing Th17/Treg immune imbalance. Our work provided a new insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of SLE.
OBJECTIVES: Menstrual cycle symptoms are very common in female athletes. However, more evidence about the association between menstrual cycle characteristics and symptoms with sleep and mental health in athletes needs to be gathered. This study aimed to examine this association in German exercising women and athletes.
DESIGN: 322 women (mean age: 23.13 ± 4.36) participated in a cross-sectional study. The survey included the Menstrual Symptom index (MSi), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Athletes Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ). Additionally, demographic, sport-specific data and further menstrual cycle characteristics were examined. Multiple regression models were used for the statistical analyses.
RESULTS: The MSi score demonstrated a highly significant (p < 0.001) positive association with Depression, Anxiety, Stress, PSQI, and ASBQ. The most prevalent menstrual cycle symptoms were cravings/increased appetite, mood changes/anxiety, and tiredness/fatigue. A difference between individual and team sport athletes could not be found. Moreover, there was no association between the constructs and menses length, irregularity, or heaviness of bleeding.
CONCLUSIONS: Menstrual cycle symptoms occur very frequently in female athletes. In this study, they were related to mental health, sleep quality, and sleep behavior, regardless of the cycle phase. This evidence demonstrates the relevance of considering the menstrual cycle and menstrual symptoms in future studies with female athletes and in sport practice.
Asthma is a major public health problem due to its high prevalence and significant impact on activities of daily living. Allergen immunotherapy or vaccination consists of the therapeutic administration of allergen extract. The efficacy of allergen immunotherapy in asthma is modest, however immunotherapy remains the only known disease modifying therapy for allergic asthma. Because the exact mechanism through which immunotherapy works is unclear, a greater understanding of the mechanism of action of allergen immunotherapy is needed before modern immunopharmacologic methods can be applied to increase its therapeutic efficacy. This goal of the study is to determine the effects of allergen immunotherapy on allergen specific T cell responses. This is an open label study in which allergen specific CD4+T lymphocyte responses will be monitored before, during and after 12 weekly injections of maintenance immunotherapy, allowing the study of both the induction as well as decay of these changes. Immunotherapy will be employed in a rush/cluster schedule consisting of the serial administration of rapidly increasing doses of allergen delivered subcutaneously over a 2 day period (rush), followed by more gradually increasing weekly injections over 2-6 weeks (cluster), during which time the subject is brought to a maintenance allergen dose, which will then be repeatedly administered on a weekly basis. Immunological endpoints will consist of the frequency and cytokine profile of allergen specific T cell responses as measured by intracellular cytokine staining and the measurement of in vitro induced T cell cytokines by real time RT-PCR. Ten allergic asthmatic subjects will be enrolled in the therapeutic arm of the study.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a negative-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, is considered the most important cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants and young children. In most patients, RSV results in upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) eliciting "common cold"-like symptoms, which might last up to 2 weeks, and are usually self-limiting. RSV-related LRTI is a major cause of hospital admissions and death in young children worldwide. Rilematovir is an investigational, small molecule, RSV fusion inhibitor. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rilematovir in hospitalized infants and children (greater than or equal to \[\>=\] 28 days to less than or equal to \[\<=\] 5 years) and, subsequent to completion of the neonatal substudy, in hospitalized neonates (born at term, less than \[\<\] 28 days of age) with RSV infection. The study will include a Screening Period, a Treatment Period, and a Follow-up Period. The total study duration for each participant will be approximately 36 days (Screening included). The efficacy assessments include evaluation under the RRS and the safety assessments include evaluations of physical examinations, vital signs, electrocardiograms, clinical laboratory tests, and adverse events.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: As artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are becoming more pervasive in medicine, understanding their ethical considerations for chronic pain and headache management is crucial for optimizing their safety.
RECENT FINDINGS: We reviewed thirty-eight editorial and original research articles published between 2018 and 2023, focusing on the application of AI and ML to chronic pain or headache. The core medical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice constituted the evaluation framework. The AI applications addressed topics such as pain intensity prediction, diagnostic aides, risk assessment for medication misuse, empowering patients to self-manage their conditions, and optimizing access to care. Virtually all AI applications aligned both positively and negatively with specific medical ethics principles. This review highlights the potential of AI to enhance patient outcomes and physicians' experiences in managing chronic pain and headache. We emphasize the importance of carefully considering the advantages, disadvantages, and unintended consequences of utilizing AI tools in chronic pain and headache, and propose the four core principles of medical ethics as an evaluation framework.
PURPOSE: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a relatively novel biomarker to distinguish between acute stresses. This study was performed to determine whether the NLR may discern infectious orbital maladies from idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI).
METHODS: The NLR was calculated by a review of the initial blood draws of adult patients who presented to the emergency department at a single academic medical center. Statistical comparisons were performed to identify the significance of these results.
RESULTS: Ten patients with IOI, 12 patients with necrotizing fasciitis (NF), and 12 patients with orbital cellulitis (OC) presented to the emergency department. The groups were not statistically significantly different in terms of age or gender. The mean NLRs were 3.48 (standard deviation = 1.80), 13.5 (standard deviation = 14.5), and 8.15 (standard deviation = 6.56) for IOI, NF, and OC, respectively. Patients with IOI had statistically significantly lower NLRs than patients with NF ( p = 0.037) and OC ( p = 0.034). However, the NLRs of patients with OC were not statistically significantly different from those of patients with NF ( p = 0.27).
CONCLUSIONS: The NLR appears to distinguish IOI from infectious etiologies, but does not discern between variants of infection. These results should be juxtaposed against appropriate imaging and clinical evaluations, but elevated NLR values may heighten clinicians' concerns for an infectious process and encourage them to initiate appropriate management steps.
FIELD: cosmetics. SUBSTANCE: agent contains powder base, binding fat additive, odorant and dyes. Mentioned above fat additive additionally to mineral oil, emulsifier, vegetable extract, conservative agent and antibiooxidant contains: animal fat and/or ester of fatty acids, silicone liquid and/or rerivative of lanoline. Sorbitoanolect and/or olect are used as emulsifier; oil (e.g. castor oil) extracts of plantain, Origanum and/or of carrot are used as vegetable extract. Powder base mentioned above may contain talk, salt of stearic acid, or kaolin, talk, salt of stearic acid, or starch, kaolin, talk and salt of stearic acid. EFFECT: improves quality of desired product. 5 cl, 3 tbl
BACKGROUND: Increased load bearing across the patellofemoral and tibiofemoral articulations has been associated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify the biomechanical characteristics of the patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints and simulate varying weight-bearing demands after posterior cruciate ligament-retaining (CR) and posterior-stabilized (PS) TKAs.
METHODS: Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric knees (average age, 68.4 years; range, 40-86 years) were tested using a custom knee system with muscle-loading capabilities. The TKA knees were tested with a CR and then a PS TKA implant and were loaded at 6 different flexion angles from 15° to 90° with progressively increasing loads. The independent variables were the implant types (CR and PS TKA), progressively increased loading, and knee flexion angle (KFA). The dependent variables were the patellofemoral and tibiofemoral kinematics and contact characteristics.
RESULTS: The results showed that at higher KFAs, the position of the femur translated significantly more posterior in CR implants than in PS implants (36.6 ± 5.2 mm and 32.5 ± 5.7 mm, respectively). The patellofemoral contact force and contact area were significantly greater in PS than in CR implants at higher KFAs and loads (102.4 ± 12.5 N and 88.1 ± 10.9 N, respectively). Lastly, the tibiofemoral contact force was significantly greater in the CR than the PS implant at flexion angles of 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° KFA, the average at these flexion angles for all loads tested being 246.1 ± 42.1 N and 192.8 ± 54.8 N for CR and PS implants, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: In this biomechanical study, CR TKAs showed less patellofemoral contact force, but more tibiofemoral contact force than PS TKAs. For higher loads across the joint and at increased flexion angles, there was significantly more posterior femur translation in the CR design with a preserved posterior cruciate ligament and therefore significantly less patellofemoral contact area and force than in the PS design. The different effects of loading on implants are an important consideration for physicians as patients with higher load demands should consider the significantly greater patellofemoral contact force and area of the PS over the CR design.
PURPOSE:To obtain microcapsules contg. coloring matter for cosmetics having superior solvent resistance, not causing discoloring or fading and having satisfactory stability of the color tone by incorporating coloring matter into silica-based spherical fine particles of a specified average particle size and treating the surfaces of the fine particles by direct coating with silicone. CONSTITUTION:Coloring matter is incorporated into silica-based spherical fine particles of 0.1-30mum average particle size and the surfaces of the fine particles are directly coated with silicone to obtain microcapsules contg. the coloring matter. Since the surfaces of the fine particles as the wall material of the microcapsules are treated with silicone, the pores in the fine particles are blocked and the coloring matter in the particles does not leach in a solvent from the pores. When the microcapsules are added to cosmetics, the coloring matter does not dissolve in the base of the cosmetics, accordingly org. pigment type coloring matter having inferior solvent resistance can be added to cosmetics.
Phase I: Safety run-in Cycle 1 (a cycle is 28 days) will be performed in the first 6 patients of the phase Ib. Combination regimens during the safety run-in period are: afuresertib 125 mg QD (once daily) or 125 mg Day1-21 Q4W + fulvestrant 500 mg or 250 mg Intra Muscular (IM) on Day 1, 15 of Cycle 1, and on Day 1 of the subsequent 28-day cycles.
The invention provides a combination therapy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a subject in need thereof comprising administering cladribine and laquinimod. The cladribine and/or the laquinimod may be administered orally, intravenously or subcutaneously. However, it is preferred that both the cladribine and the laquinimod are administered subcutaneously. The cladribine and the laquinimod may be administered simultaneously. Alternatively, the administration of cladribine precedes the administration of laquinimod or the administration of laquinimod precedes the administration of cladribine. More preferably, the administration of cladribine and laquinimod continues for more than 30 days. In another aspect, a pharmaceutical composition comprising cladribine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, and laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof for use in the treatment of MS. The composition may comprise a carrier and the laquinimod may be present as laquinimod sodium.
### Metformin 

In patients with renal impairment, biguanides can cause lactic acidosis. Iodinated contrast agents appear to increase the risk of metformin-induced lactic acidosis, possibly as a result of worsening renal function. Stop metformin at the time of, or prior to, ULTRAVIST administration in patients with an eGFR between 30 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2; in patients with a history of hepatic impairment, alcoholism, or heart failure; or in patients who will be administered intra-arterial iodinated contrast agents. Re-evaluate eGFR 48 hours after the imaging procedure and reinstitute only after renal function is stable.

### Radioactive Iodine 

ULTRAVIST may interfere with thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine (I-131 and I-123) and decrease therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy. Avoid thyroid therapy or testing for up to 6 weeks post ULTRAVIST.
Absorption 

Codeine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with maximum plasma concentration occurring 60 minutes post administration. The presence of a high-fat, high-calorie meal did not significantly impact the PK of codeine.

Promethazine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical effects are apparent within 20 minutes after oral administration and generally last four to six hours, although they may persist as long as 12 hours.

Distribution

Codeine has been reported to have an apparent volume of distribution of approximately 3 to 6 L/kg, indicating extensive distribution of the drug into tissues. Codeine has low plasma protein binding with about 7 to 25% of codeine bound to plasma proteins. Codeine passes the blood brain barrier and the placental barrier. Small amounts of codeine and its metabolite, morphine, are transferred to human breast milk.

Promethazine is widely distributed in body tissues. Promethazine has high protein binding with about 80 to 93% of promethazine bound to plasma proteins. Promethazine passes the blood brain barrier and the placental barrier. 

Elimination 

Metabolism 

Codeine is metabolized by conjugation with glucuronic acid to codeine-6-glucuronide (about 70 to 80%), by O-demethylation to morphine (about 5 to 10%), and by N-demethylation to norcodeine (about 10%). UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 and 2B4 are the major enzymes mediating glucuronidation of codeine to C6G. Cytochrome P450 2D6 is the major enzyme responsible for conversion of codeine to morphine and P450 3A4 is the major enzyme mediating conversion of codeine to norcodeine. Morphine and norcodeine are further metabolized by conjugation with glucuronic acid. The glucuronide metabolites of morphine are morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G). Morphine and its M6 glucuronide conjugate are pharmacologically active. Whether C6G has pharmacological activity is unknown. Norcodeine and M3 glucuronide conjugate of morphine are generally not considered to be pharmacologically active.

Promethazine is metabolized by the liver to a variety of inactive metabolites such as sulfoxides of promethazine, N-demethylpromethazine and other glucuronides.

Excretion

Approximately 90% of the total dose of codeine is excreted through the kidneys, of which approximately 10% is unchanged codeine. Plasma half-lives of codeine and its metabolites have been reported to be approximately 3 hours.

Promethazine has an elimination half-life of 10-14 hours, with excretion of metabolites appearing in the urine and feces. The sulfoxides of promethazine and N-demethylpromethazine are the predominant metabolites appearing in the urine
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice for many patients with leukemia and other hematologic malignancies. However, a major limitation of this therapy is that for a significant number of patients no fully HLA-matched donor can be found. The application of partially HLA-matched (haploidentical) family donors, who are virtually always available, has some complications. If there is no T-cell add-back it increases the risk for life-threatening infections and disease relapse, while in case of T-cell add-back the risk of graft-versus-host disease is raised.

Kiadis Pharma has developed a method to selectively deplete host alloreactive T-cells through photodynamic therapy, using TH9402 ex vivo. The donor lymphocyte preparation depleted of functional alloreactive T-cells (ATIR) are administered to the patient 4-6 weeks after the stem cell transplant. This method enables early immune reconstitution while preventing graft-versus-host disease.
In certain aspects, the disclosure provides soluble heteromeric polypeptide complexes comprising an extracellular domain of a type I serine/threonine kinase receptor of the TGF-beta family and an extracellular domain of a type II serine/threonine kinase receptor of the TGF-beta family. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides soluble polypeptide complexes comprising an extracellular domain of a type II receptor selected from: ActRIIA, ActRIIB, TGFBRII, BMPRII, and MISRII. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides soluble polypeptide complexes comprising an extracellular domain of a type I receptor selected from: ALK1, ALK2, ALK3, ALK4, ALK5, ALK.6, and ALK7. Optionally the soluble complex is a heterodimer. In certain aspects, such soluble polypeptide complexes may be used to regulate (promote or inhibit) growth of tissues or cells including, for example, muscle, bone, cartilage, fat, neural tissue, tumors, cancerous cells, and/or cells of hematopoietic lineages, including red blood cells. In certain aspects, such soluble polypeptide complexes are can be used to improve muscle formation, bone formation, hematopoiesis, metabolic parameters, and disorders associated with these tissues, cellular networks, and endocrine systems.
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves making transverse incision in the area of the I-II ray of foot back surface at the level of Liesfrank joint. Longitudinal incision is added in distal direction. Lymphatic vessel of dorsal surface of foot lymphatic network is catheterized. Next to it, alpha-adrenomimetic and local anesthetic preparations are administered at the first step, and then a broad activity spectrum antibiotic is applied. EFFECT: facilitated catheterization; provided high and prolonged antibiotic concentration on the lymphostasis background. 2 dwg
All subjects screened for this study were aged 30 to 50 years, had been referred to participating Radiology services, and underwent a lumbar MRI. Controls were headache patients who had been referred for a cranial MRI, which turned out to be normal, and who either had no history of LBP or had only experienced one episode in their life, which had lasted for less than 7 days.