anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) are costly but preventable. A limited understanding of the effects of environmental cleaning on the riskiest HAI associated pathogens is a current challenge in HAI prevention. This project aimed to quantify the effects of terminal hospital cleaning practices on HAI pathogens via environmental sampling in three hospitals located throughout the United States. Surfaces were swabbed from 36 occupied patient rooms with a laboratory-confirmed, hospital- or community-acquired infection of at least one of the four pathogens of interest (i.e., Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis/faecium (VRE), and Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile)). Six nonporous, high touch surfaces (i.e., chair handrail, bed handrail, nurse call button, desk surface, bathroom counter near the sink, and a grab bar near the toilet) were sampled in each room for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and the four pathogens of interest before and after terminal cleaning. The four pathogens of interest were detected on surfaces before and after terminal cleaning, but their levels were generally reduced. Overall, C. difficile was confirmed on the desk (n = 2), while MRSA (n = 24) and VRE (n = 25) were confirmed on all surface types before terminal cleaning. After cleaning, only MRSA (n = 6) on bed handrail, chair handrail, and nurse call button and VRE (n = 5) on bathroom sink, bed handrail, nurse call button, toilet grab bar, and C. difficile (n = 1) were confirmed. At 2 of the 3 hospitals, pathogens were generally reduced by >99% during terminal cleaning. One hospital showed that VRE increased after terminal cleaning, MRSA was reduced by 73% on the nurse call button, and VRE was reduced by only 50% on the bathroom sink. ATP detections did not correlate with any pathogen concentration. This study highlights the importance of terminal cleaning and indicates room for improvement in cleaning practices to reduce surface contamination throughout hospital rooms.
The relationship between peripheral inflammatory markers, their dynamic changes, and the disease severity of myasthenia gravis (MG) is still not fully understood. Besides, the possibility of using it to predict the short-term poor outcome of MG patients have not been demonstrated. This study aims to investigate the relationship between peripheral inflammatory markers and their dynamic changes with Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) classification (primary outcome) and predict the short-term poor outcome (secondary outcome) in MG patients. The study retrospectively enrolled 154 MG patients from June 2016 to December 2021. The logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship of inflammatory markers with MGFA classification and determine the factors for model construction presented in a nomogram. Finally, net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were utilized to evaluate the incremental capacity. Logistic regression revealed significant associations between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) and MGFA classification (p = 0.013, p = 0.032, p = 0.017, respectively). Incorporating dynamic changes of inflammatory markers into multivariable models improved their discriminatory capacity of disease severity, with significant improvements observed for NLR, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and AISI in NRI and IDI. Additionally, AISI was statistically associated with short-term poor outcome and a prediction model incorporating dynamic changes of inflammatory markers was constructed with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.953, presented in a nomograph. The inflammatory markers demonstrate significant associations with disease severity and AISI could be regarded as a possible and easily available predictive biomarker for short-term poor outcome in MG patients.
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine, plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of various diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, multiple myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis, and prostate cancer. The signaling pathways associated with IL-6 offer promising targets for therapeutic interventions in inflammatory diseases and IL-6-dependent tumors. Although certain anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies are currently employed clinically, their usage is hampered by drawbacks such as high cost and potential immunogenicity, limiting their application. Thus, the imperative arises to develop novel small non-peptide molecules acting as IL-6 inhibitors. Various natural products derived from diverse sources have been investigated for their potential to inhibit IL-6 activity. Nevertheless, these natural products remain inadequately explored in terms of their structure-activity relationships. In response, our review aims to provide syntheses and structure activity perspective of natural IL-6 inhibitors. The comprehensive amalgamation of information presented in this review holds the potential to serve as a foundation for forthcoming research endeavors by medicinal chemists, facilitating the design of innovative IL-6 inhibitors to address the complexities of inflammatory diseases.
The invention discloses natural skin activating essence and a preparation method thereof. The natural skin activating essence is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: a component A: 10 to 15 parts of a seaweed extracting solution, 2 to 3 parts of allantoin, 6 to 8 parts of glycerinum, 1.2 to 1.5 parts of xanthan gum and 50 parts of deionized water; a component B: 8 to 10 parts of a Nuphar pumilum (Hoffm.) DC. extracting solution, 2 to 3 parts of glyceryl stearate, 1.2 to 1.4 parts of methylparaben, 0.6 to 0.8 part of carbomer 941, 2 to 4 parts of polydimethylsiloxane, 0.5 to 0.7 part of panthenol, 0.08 to 0.1 part of essential oil and 0.06 to 0.08 part of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid; and a component C: 8 to 10 parts of a water nymph extracting solution, 3 to 5 parts of hyaluronic acid, 1 to 2 parts of squalane, 0.5 to 0.7 part of nicotinamide and 0.1 to 0.3 part of a preservative. Active components in a water-based plant have the effects of delaying senescence and maintaining moisture; the seaweed extracting solution can suppress peroxidation of skin lipid and delay skin senescence; the Nuphar pumilum (Hoffm.) DC. extracting solution has a good effect of suppressing tyrosinase and can inhibit formation of melanin; and the water nymph extracting solution and the nicotinamide work cooperatively and have a deep water locking effect and a good moisture maintaining effect.
Risk Summary

The safety of ADZYNMA for use during pregnancy has not been established in controlled clinical trials. Limited data with ADZYNMA use during pregnancy are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes.1 In determining whether ADZYNMA should be used in pregnancy, healthcare providers should balance the potential benefits with the potential risks.

The background rate of major birth defects and miscarriage in the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background rate of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

Data

Human Data

There have been four cTTP patients exposed to ADZYNMA during pregnancy.

Two patients in a long-term extension study were found to be pregnant early in the first trimester while receiving prophylaxis with ADZYNMA. Both patients were discontinued from the study to comply with the protocol requirements. The first patient had no further exposure to ADZYNMA and had a first trimester miscarriage approximately two months after study discontinuation. The investigator assessed the event was unrelated to ADZYNMA. The second patient resumed treatment with ADZYNMA under a compassionate use program and delivered a healthy full-term baby with no safety concerns reported by the investigator.

Two additional cTTP patients were treated with ADZYNMA in a compassionate use program during pregnancy. The first patient, in the third trimester of her second pregnancy, experienced a stroke and thrombocytopenia that was refractory to daily plasmapheresis. At 33 weeks of gestation, ADZYNMA treatment was started once weekly. ADAMTS13 activity levels normalized, thrombocytopenia resolved, and a healthy baby was delivered at 37 weeks with no safety concerns reported by the treating physician due to ADZYNMA.1 The second patient had an exacerbation of her cTTP during her second trimester of pregnancy despite prior daily plasma exchange. Her pregnancy was considered to be at risk, with inadequate response to plasma-based therapies. ADZYNMA was started once weekly and induced clinical remission. The baby was delivered by a cesarean section at week 29 and the treating physician reported no adverse events due to ADZYNMA.

Whether ADZYNMA should be used in pregnancy is solely up to the medical judgment of the healthcare provider.

Nonclinical Data

In an embryo-fetal development study in rats, ADZYNMA was administered in female rats at 80, 200, or 400 IU/kg [up to 10x human equivalent dose (HED)] every third day from 2 weeks before mating through Day 16 of gestation and was not associated with any adverse maternal findings or treatment-related effects on embryo-fetal development. In a pre- and post-natal development study in rats, ADZYNMA was administered at 80, 200, or 400 IU/kg [up to 10x HED] by intravenous (IV) bolus injection every three days from Day 6 of gestation to weaning at approximately Day 21 of lactation. There were no adverse maternal effects or findings in F1 or F2 offspring.
AIM: To explore the pathophysiological mechanism of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) using cellular oxidative stress mechanisms and inflammation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 20 Wistar Albino rats were divided into two groups, namely sham and SAH. On day 0, 0.3 mL of saline in the sham group and 0.3 ml of autologous blood in the SAH group were applied in the cisterna magna of the animals. After sacrification on the 7th day of the procedure, brain, blood and heart tissues were collected. In different tissues, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), creatin kinase MB (CKMB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were detected biochemically. AKT, sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1), NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) genes and glutathione peroxidase-4 expression were examined genetically. Moreover, histopathological analyses were conducted both in heart and brain tissues.
RESULTS: Enhanced TOS, OSI levels in all tissues and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expressions in brain tissue and NFkβ, IL-6 and Cox-1 expressions in heart tissues; it was observed that levels of TAS in blood and AKT, SIRT-1, NRF2 and HO-1 gene expressions in brain tissue were decreased.
CONCLUSION: In the oxidative stress and inflammation situation that takes place following SAH, AKT, SIRT-1, NRF2 and HO-1 pathways, which are antioxidant mechanisms, are suppressed and GFAP, NFkβ, IL-6, Cox-1 expressions, which trigger inflammation, are enhanced. Treatment of SAH necessitates studies on the inhibition or activation of such pathways.
This umbrella review amalgamates the outcomes of economic evaluations pertaining to bariatric surgeries, pharmacotherapy, and gastric balloon for adult obesity treatment. Six databases were systematically searched. The inclusion criteria were established following the Patient/population Intervention Comparison and Outcomes (PICO) statement. Fifteen reviews met all the inclusion criteria. Eight studies focused on surgical interventions, four on pharmacotherapy, and three on both interventions. No systematic review of the economic evaluation of gastric balloons was identified. The majority of reviews advocated bariatric surgery as a cost-effective approach; however, there was discordance in the interpretation of pharmacological cost-effectiveness. Most of the economic evaluations were conducted from the payer and the healthcare system perspectives. We propose that future economic evaluations assessing weight loss interventions in adults adopt a societal perspective and longer-term time horizons.
Concomitant use of DSUVIA with a CYP3A4 inhibitor, such as macrolide antibiotics (e.g. erythromycin), azole-antifungal agents (e.g., ketoconazole), and protease inhibitors (e.g., ritonavir), may increase plasma concentrations of sufentanil and prolong opioid adverse reactions, which may cause potentially fatal respiratory depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)], particularly when an inhibitor is added after a stable dose of DSUVIA is achieved. Similarly, discontinuation of a CYP3A4 inducer, such as rifampin, carbamazepine, and phenytoin, in DSUVIA-treated patients may increase sufentanil plasma concentrations and prolong opioid adverse reactions. When using DSUVIA with CYP3A4 inhibitors or discontinuing CYP3A4 inducers in DSUVIA-treated patients, monitor patients closely at frequent intervals for respiratory depression and sedation [see Drug Interactions (7)].

Concomitant use of DSUVIA with CYP3A4 inducers or discontinuation of a CYP3A4 inhibitor could decrease sufentanil plasma concentrations, decrease opioid efficacy or, possibly lead to a withdrawal syndrome in a patient who had developed physical dependence to sufentanil. When using DSUVIA with CYP3A4 inducers or discontinuing CYP3A4 inhibitors, monitor patients closely at frequent intervals for adequate analgesia and for symptoms of opioid withdrawal [see Drug Interactions (7)].
Patients receive azacitidine IV over 10-40 minutes or via injection SC on days 1-7 or 1-5 and 8-9. Patients also receive venetoclax PO on days 1-28 and GO IV over 2 hours on day 8. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject cataplasm having an adhesive layer containing a hydrophilic medicine and laminated to a release paper sheet, not causing degradation, coloration, etc., and having excellent stability. SOLUTION: This cataplasm for external use is obtained by disposing an adhesive layer containing a hydrophilic medicine on one surface of a support and laminating a release paper sheet to the adhesive layer. The major portion of the hydrophilic medicine is contained in the adhesive layer in a solid particle state, and the total water content of the cataplasm for the external use is <=10 wt.% based on the amount of the hydrophilic medicine. The water vapor permeability of the cataplasm in a release paper sheet-peeled state is preferably 30-70 g/m<2> . 24 hr. It is preferable that the hydrophilic medicine is an acid-added salt type medicine.  The hydrophilic medicine solid particles contained in the adhesive layer preferably have a number-average particle diameter of <=5 μm, and the solid particles having diameters of >=25 μm are preferably contained in the number of <=10% based on the total number of the solid particles. An acrylic adhesive (for example, butyl acrylate polymer rubber) and a rubbery adhesive (for example, natural rubber) are preferably used as the adhesive.
NEW MATERIAL:A compound of formula I [R<1> is Ac (acetyl) or H; R<2> is Bn (benzyl) or Ac; R<3> is NPhth (Phth is phthaloyl) or NHAc; R4 is Ac, Bn, etc.; Me is methanol]. USE:Useful for clarification of biochemical behavior of sugar chains of relation to cancer. PREPARATION:A compound of formula II is initially reacted with a compound of formula III and the resultant product is treated with hydrazine to remove a phthaloyl group followed by acetylation, debenzylation and acetylation in order. The obtained product is subsequently hemiacetalized and then treated with a halogenated acetonitrile for imidation. The resultant imidated compound is finally reacted with a ceramid compound of formula IV, thus obtaining the exemplified compound.
The mortality induced by HIV has dropped significantly due to effective antiretroviral therapy. Epidemiological data suggest a less than 5% 10-year mortality for patients treated with HAART. As a result of the reduction in early AIDS-related deaths, HIV has become a chronic disease manifesting the common components of chronic disease such as inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The combination of these trends put HIV patients at increased risk of myocardial infarction compared with age-matched subjects over the long term. Several studies suggest that some protease inhibitors might increase the risk of myocardial infarction. The leading theory behind this association derives from the relationship between protease inhibitor use and the onset of an atherogenic dysmetabolism including the development of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress.

In contrast to the older protease inhibitors, atazanavir induces neither insulin resistance nor dyslipidemia. In addition, atazanavir has a property unique among protease inhibitors: elevation of unconjugated bilirubin by inhibiting the enzyme uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (UGT) 1A1. Bilirubin is a potent intracellular antioxidant. The investigators have demonstrated that higher levels of bilirubin within the normal range are associated with reduced rates of stroke and peripheral artery disease. Patients with Gilbert's Syndrome (chronic elevations of bilirubin as a result of genetically reduced UGT 1A1) have a lower rate of myocardial infarction compared with age-matched controls. It is plausible that use of atazanavir compared with other protease inhibitors, by reducing oxidative stress, may improve vascular function and, ultimately, reduce the rate of cardiovascular complications with chronic therapy.

The benefit of atazanavir may be particularly important now with the aging of the HIV population. Aging is associated with higher levels of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, both of which are associated with heightened rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, the investigators hypothesize that the use of atazanavir in stable HIV patients age 45 years or older will improve endothelial dysfunction and reduce oxidative stress compared with continuing the current therapy.
NEW MATERIAL:A compound shown by the formula I (R<1> is methyl, or methylene, R<2> is H, or hydroxyl; R<3> is H, or acetoxy). USE:An antitumor agent. It is phamaceutically manufactured into an oral medication form such as tablet, capsule, granule, powder, solution, etc. or a parenteral medication form such as injection, suppository, etc., its dose is 50-1,000mg per adult daily. PROCESS:The leaves of Isodon trichocarpus Kudo, a plant belonging to the genus Labiateae, growing at Koorinoyama in Hyogo prefecture, are dried, extracted with an organic solvent such as an ether, acetone, etc. under reflux, to give a trichoarabdal derivative. The extracted component, is acetylated, reduced catalytically, and hydrolyzed to give a compound shown by the formula. The acetylation is carried out in the presence of acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, etc., the catalytic reduction is carried out by hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium, platinum, etc., and the hydrolysis is done by conventional procedure using an acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate whether there are genetic variants associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.
STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a candidate gene association study in two well-defined cohorts of ELBW infants (<1,000 g). One cohort was for discovery and the other for replication. The discovery case-control analysis utilized anonymized DNA samples and evaluated 1,614 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 145 genes concentrated in inflammation, angiogenesis, brain development, and oxidation pathways. Cases were children who died by age one or who were diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) or neurodevelopmental delay (Bayley II mental developmental index [MDI] or psychomotor developmental index [PDI] < 70) by 18 to 22 months. Controls were survivors with normal neurodevelopment. We assessed significant epidemiological variables and SNPs associated with the combined outcome of CP or death, CP, mental delay (MDI < 70) and motor delay (PDI < 70). Multivariable analyses adjusted for gestational age at birth, small for gestational age, sex, antenatal corticosteroids, multiple gestation, racial admixture, and multiple comparisons. SNPs associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes with p < 0.01 were selected for validation in the replication cohort. Successful replication was defined as p < 0.05 in the replication cohort.
RESULTS: Of 1,013 infants analyzed (452 cases, 561 controls) in the discovery cohort, 917 were successfully genotyped for >90% of SNPs and passed quality metrics. After adjusting for covariates, 26 SNPs with p < 0.01 for one or more outcomes were selected for replication cohort validation, which included 362 infants (170 cases and 192 controls). A variant in SERPINE1, which encodes plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI1), was associated with the combined outcome of CP or death in the discovery analysis (p = 4.1 × 10-4) and was significantly associated with CP or death in the replication cohort (adjusted odd ratio: 0.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.2-1.0; p = 0.039).
CONCLUSION: A genetic variant in SERPINE1, involved in inflammation and coagulation, is associated with CP or death among ELBW infants.
KEY POINTS: · Early preterm and ELBW infants have dramatically increased risks of CP and developmental delay.. · A genetic variant in SERPINE1 is associated with CP or death among ELBW infants.. · The SERPINE1 gene encodes the serine protease inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor..
The present invention provides for bola amphiphiles compositions which have more than one lyophilic (hydrophilic) head group and a hydrophobic (hydrophobic) moiety capable of hydrogen bonding with other bola amphiphiles. These bola amphiphiles are capable of self assembling into micelles. The advantage of these bola amphiphiles is that they may self-assemble into micelles whose lyophilic head groups are located within the core and on the surface of the micelles. The lyophilic environment at the core and on the surface of the micelles may be different and may be controlled by the choice of head group moieties on the bola amphiphiles. The utility of these compositions is that they can be used to load or encapsulate polar drugs, DNA, mineralizable inorganic salts, or other molecules of interest within the polar interior of the micelle. Such compositions may also provide small water-filled ion-conducting channels within their structure suitable for use in micro electromechanical devices, as templates for nanowires or dielectrics, and as chemical sensors.