BACKGROUND: Tumor is a new organism formed by abnormal hyperplasia of local tissue cells under the action of various tumorigenic factors. Inflammation plays a decisive role in inducing tumorigenesis, promoting tumor development, invasion and migration. More and more evidence indicate that exosomes are involved in regulating the formation of tumor microenvironment in the process of proinflammatory carcinogenesis, leading to the stimulation of anti-tumor immune response or systemic immunosuppression, and exosomes play a crucial role in the development of tumor.
METHODS: The articles on tumor-derived exosomes and inflammatory responses from January 2005 to January 2024 were collected through Web of Science (WOS), and the inclusion criteria were "Article", "Review Article" and "Early Access". Articles obtained after excluding "Book Chapters", "Editorial Material", "Proceeding Paper", "Meeting Abstract" and "Retracted Publication". Bibliometrics and visualization analysis were carried out on the obtained articles using CiteSpace6.2.R6 and VOSviewer1.6.20.
RESULTS: Total of 703 articles were included. The number of published documents showed a fluctuating growth trend year by year. A total of 61 countries have participated in the research on the effects of exosomes and inflammatory responses on tumors, among which China and the United States have the largest influence in this field. The obtained articles have been published in 60 journals around the world, among which PLOS ONE and NAT REV IMMUNOL are the journals with the most published articles and the highest co-citations respectively. The article from French author THERY C was cited the most (202 times). As a major researcher on the basic function of exosomes, THERY C established the gold standard for extraction, separation and identification of exosomes, and found that exosomes promote tumor metastasis through direct regulation of miRNA. Her research has had a huge impact on the field. Keyword co-occurrence analysis indicate that extracellular vesicles, inflammation, cancer, miRNAs, mesenchymal stem cells, drug delivery, gastric cancer and circulating endothelial microparticles are the research hotspot at present stage. The main keywords of the cluster analysis show that extracellular vesicles, human papilloma virus, myeloid cells, tumor macro-environment are the current research hotspots and frontier. The research hotspots have developed over time from the time chart of keywords and clustering, especially after 2016, exosomes have established extensive links with drug delivery, cancer treatment, inflammatory response and other fields. Tumor-derived exosomes stimulate receptor cells to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, enabling immune and inflammatory cells to perceive the intracellular environment of cancer cells even when cancer cells do not express any tumor-specific antigens. For example, in anoxic environment, cancer cells can secrete exosomes containing pro-inflammatory factors to promote the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. In the complex tumor microenvironment, both tumor cells and various stromal cells will secrete specific exosomes, and promote the development of tumors through various ways, so that tumor cells have drug resistance, and bring adverse effects on the clinical treatment of tumor patients. MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNA as hot keywords play important roles in regulating and mediating tumor development, and their specificity makes them important biomarkers for cancer prediction and diagnosis. Highlighting word analysis shows that microRNAs secreted by leukemia patients can effectively promote the proliferation of malignant cells and the development of cardiovascular diseases. At the same time, exosomes can induce the secretion of some microRNAs in patients, leading to cardiac repair and regeneration. Therefore, the detection and screening of microRNAs plays a crucial role in predicting the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in patients.
CONCLUSION: Exosomes have attracted increasing attention due to their significant heterogeneity and ability to regulate the tumor immune microenvironment. However, tumor cell-derived exosomes accelerate tumor progression by enhancing immunosuppression and inflammation, increasing oxidative stress, and promoting angiogenesis, which may lead to poor prognosis.