anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic joint disease that significantly affects an individual's quality-of-life and frailty has become one of the common complications in OA patients as the disease progresses. The relationship between dietary patterns is not clear.
METHODS: All participants are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and have been diagnosed with OA. The dietary inflammation index (DII) is calculated based on the dietary intake reported by the participants. Logistic regression analysis is used to investigate the relationship between DII and frailty. Restricted cubic splines are utilised to explore their nonlinear relationship. Mediation analysis is conducted to explore the role of inflammation in this relationship.
RESULTS: A total of 2,530 OA patients were included in the study, with an average age of 64.46 (12.67) years. After adjusting for covariates, for each one standard deviation increase in DII, the risk of frailty increased by 15% (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03-1.28). Compared to patients with DII < -1, patients with DII > 1 had a significantly higher risk of frailty (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.05-2.14).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate a positive association between DII and the risk of frailty in OA patients. These results underscore the potential impact of dietary interventions in improving the quality-of-life for OA patients.
Chronic pain is a prevalent problem that plagues modern society, and better understanding its mechanisms is critical for developing effective therapeutics. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its primary receptor, Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), are known to be potent mediators of chronic pain, but there is a lack of established methods for precisely perturbing the NGF/TrkA signaling pathway in the study of pain and nociception. Optobiological tools that leverage light-induced protein-protein interactions allow for precise spatial and temporal control of receptor signaling. Previously, our lab reported a blue light-activated version of TrkA generated using light-induced dimerization of the intracellular TrkA domain, opto-iTrkA. In this work, we show that opto-iTrkA activation is able to activate endogenous ERK and Akt signaling pathways and causes the retrograde transduction of phospho-ERK signals in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Opto-iTrkA activation also sensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel in cellular models, further corroborating the physiological relevance of the optobiological stimulus. Finally, we show that opto-iTrkA enables light-inducible potentiation of mechanical sensitization in mice. Light illumination enables nontraumatic and reversible (<2 days) sensitization of mechanical pain in mice transduced with opto-iTrkA, which provides a platform for dissecting TrkA pathways for nociception in vitro and in vivo.
Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) are a diverse family of non-enveloped dsDNA viruses that infect the skin and mucosal epithelia. Persistent HPV infections can lead to cancer frequently involving integration of the virus into the host genome, leading to sustained oncogene expression and loss of capsid and genome maintenance proteins. Microhomology-mediated double-strand break repair, a DNA double-stranded breaks repair pathway present in many organisms, was initially thought to be a backup but it's now seen as vital, especially in homologous recombination-deficient contexts. Increasing evidence has identified microhomology (MH) near HPV integration junctions, suggesting MH-mediated repair pathways drive integration. In this comprehensive review, we present a detailed summary of both the mechanisms underlying MH-mediated repair and the evidence for its involvement in HPV integration in cancer. Lastly, we highlight the involvement of these processes in the integration of other DNA viruses and the broader implications on virus lifecycles and host innate immune response.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a nutritional supplementary food, a food and a livestock feed or a pharmaceutical composition, for therapy of disorders related to damaged neurotransmission in an animal including a human.SOLUTION: An oregano extract and a volatile component thereof are used. A nutritional supplementary food, a food and a livestock feed or a pharmaceutical composition contain such an extract or a volatile component thereof. The oregano extract is extracted from all or some of a plant belonging to Origanum such as origanum vulgare and Thymus such as thymus vulgaris. An extraction method is solvent, NO, supercritical COor steam distillation, or the like. The oregano extract is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor and a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, and serves as an antidepressant drug, a mood improving agent, a stress emollient, a symptom improving agent, an anxiety reducing agent, an obsessional behavior reducing agent and the like. The administration target includes animals such as domestic animal and pet, fishes, and the like.
FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: course of the complex exposure of audio-, video- and reflex therapy with an unconscious suggestion is carried out. That is preceded by administering epitalamine 10 mg dissolved in a physiological solution 5 ml by electrophoresis. Administration is binasal from a positive pole into a patient's nasal passages in a number of 10-15 procedures. The second electrode is placed on the occipital lobe or the cervicothoracic spine. The complex exposure involves watching video information, listening to audio musical information with an introduced suggestive relaxing fable repeated every 1 minute, and exposing through electrodes provided on the skin projections in biologically active points within the lesions to electrical current a spectral structure of which is formed by the same musical signal by an electric musical massager. That is combined with the electric stimulation of the reflex areas arranged in the lesions if feeling itching therein. The exposure length is 45-60 minutes, domiciliary in any time of the day, daily for 3-4 weeks.EFFECT: effective exposure on the mechanisms eliminating or relieving the itching intensity by preparing the neuroregularoty structures of the patient's central nervous system by the following therapeutic stage of the two-staged integrated exposure according to the presented regimen.3 ex
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonum cuspidatum) is a herbaceous perennial plant in the Polygonaceae family that produces biofunctional stilbenes and quinones. The dried rhizome and root of P. cuspidatum in traditional oriental medicine have been used for ameliorating inflammatory illnesses, diabetes, gout, cancer, and other ailments.
AIM OF THE STUDY: This work aimed to investigate the protective effects of P. cuspidatum extracts (PCE) on sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) and its underlying mechanism.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The potential mechanisms by which PCE improved SA-AKI were preliminarily predicted by network pharmacology. The dry powders of PCE were obtained using the freeze-drying method. A mouse model of SA-AKI was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The protective effects of PCE on SA-AKI in vivo were studied using pathological and biochemical methods. LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells were prepared for in vitro evaluation. The qPCR and immunoblotting assays were performed to confirm the mechanism involved.
RESULTS: The network pharmacology results indicate that emodin (Emo) and polydatin (PD) are potential active components of P. cuspidatum ameliorating SA-AKI. The experimental results showed that PCE improved renal function indices (creatinine, urea nitrogen, and urinary protein) in SA-AKI mice. Mechanistically, PCE mitigated oxidative stress, regulated the expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins, and repressed the production of inflammatory cytokines by inactivating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in vivo. Similar results were observed in LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells in the presence of Emo or PD.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that PCE and active ingredients (Emo and PD) in PCE ameliorated SA-AKI by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and pyroptosis.
Patients 18 years of age or older, 75 years of age or younger with histologically proven small cell carcinoma of the lung were assessed by radiography as having an extensive stage (according to the American Veteran Lung Cancer Association). Patients received first-line two-drug chemotherapy with standard cisplatin, carboplatin, or lobaplatin, combined with or without immunotherapy, and developed radiologically evaluated disease progression during treatment or within 6 months of completion of treatment.
FIELD: medicine, veterinary science. SUBSTANCE: the innovation includes three objects: preparing a polypeptide preparation (PPP), elaborating the method for its obtaining and pharmaceutical composition based upon this preparation. Composition is prepared in vials or ampoules which contain PPP at the quantity of 3-10 mg, D-mannitol 15-25 mg and 1 ml 0.9%-isotonic sodium chloride solution for injections. A project of the Temporary Pharmacopoeic Article (TPA) for a dry injection form of the composition mentioned is elaborated. EFFECT: widened assortment of preparations to be applied in case of immunodeficient states. 3 cl, 1 tbl, 3 ex
Increases in serum transaminases have been reported with pitavastatin tablets [see Adverse Reactions (6)] . In most cases, these changes appeared soon after initiation, were transient, were not accompanied by symptoms, and resolved or improved on continued therapy or after a brief interruption in therapy. There have been rare postmarketing reports of fatal and non-fatal hepatic failure in patients taking statins, including pitavastatin. 

Patients who consume substantial quantities of alcohol and/or have a history of liver disease may be at increased risk for hepatic injury.

Consider liver enzyme testing before the initiation of pitavastatin tablets and when clinically indicated thereafter. Pitavastatin tablets is contraindicated in patients with acute liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis [see Contraindications (4)] . If serious hepatic injury with clinical symptoms and/or hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice occurs, promptly discontinue pitavastatin tablets.
Renal Impairment  
The overall systemic clearance of dofetilide is decreased and plasma concentration increased with decreasing creatinine clearance. The dose of dofetilide must be adjusted based on creatinine clearance (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Patients undergoing dialysis were not included in clinical studies, and appropriate dosing recommendations for these patients are unknown. There is no information about the effectiveness of hemodialysis in removing dofetilide from plasma.  
Hepatic Impairment   
After adjustment for creatinine clearance, no additional dose adjustment is required for patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment. Patients with severe hepatic impairment have not been studied. Dofetilide should be used with particular caution in these patients.  
Cardiac Conduction Disturbances   
Animal and human studies have not shown any adverse effects of dofetilide on conduction velocity. No effect on AV nodal conduction following dofetilide treatment was noted in normal volunteers and in patients with 1st degree heart block. Patients with sick sinus syndrome or with 2nd or 3rd degree heart block were not included in the Phase 3 clinical trials unless a functioning pacemaker was present. Dofetilide has been used safely in conjunction with pacemakers (53 patients in DIAMOND studies, 136 in trials in patients with ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias).
PURPOSE: To evaluate magnetic resonance elastography (MRE)-based liver stiffness measurement as a biomarker to predict the onset of cirrhosis in early-stage alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) patients, and the transition from compensated to decompensated cirrhosis in ALD.
METHODS: Patients with ALD and at least one MRE examination between 2007 and 2020 were included in this study. Patient demographics, liver chemistries, MELD score (within 30 days of the first MRE), and alcohol abstinence history were collected from the electronic medical records. Liver stiffness and fat fraction were measured. Disease progression was assessed in the records by noting cirrhosis onset in early-stage ALD patients and decompensation in those initially presenting with compensated cirrhosis. Nomograms and cut-off values of liver stiffness, derived from Cox proportional hazards models were created to predict the likelihood of advancing to cirrhosis or decompensation.
RESULTS: A total of 182 patients (132 men, median age 57 years) were included in this study. Among 110 patients with early-stage ALD, 23 (20.9%) developed cirrhosis after a median follow-up of 6.2 years. Among 72 patients with compensated cirrhosis, 33 (45.8%) developed decompensation after a median follow-up of 4.2 years. MRE-based liver stiffness, whether considered independently or adjusted for age, alcohol abstinence, fat fraction, and sex, was a significant and independent predictor for both future cirrhosis (Hazard ratio [HR] = 2.0-2.2, p = 0.002-0.003) and hepatic decompensation (HR = 1.2-1.3, p = 0.0001-0.006). Simplified Cox models, thresholds, and corresponding nomograms were devised for practical use, excluding non-significant or biased variables.
CONCLUSIONS: MRE-based liver stiffness assessment is a useful predictor for the development of cirrhosis or decompensation in patients with ALD.
Foot ulcers are a frequent problem in patients with diabetes mellitus and can lead to amputations. Prevention of these ulcers is therefore of paramount importance. Claw/hammer toe deformity is commonly seen in patients with diabetes. These deformities increase the risk of ulcer development specifically at the (apex of) the toe. Tenotomy of the tendon of the flexor muscles of the toes (tendon tenotomy) can be used to treat the consequences of claw/hammer toe deformity with the goal to prevent ulcer recurrence. For indication and assessment of outcomes of flexor tenotomy, weight-bearing CT and dynamic barefoot plantar pressure measurement can be used. This mono-center investigator blinded randomized controlled trial will compare the flexor tenotomy with usual care (including orthoses and shoe offloading). The effect on ulcer recurrence, toe joint angles, barefoot plantar pressure and quality of life will be assessed and compared between the intervention and control group.
Background and Objectives: hypochloremia is an emerging risk factor for mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this finding are not very clear. Some studies suggest the influence of inflammation as a synergistic factor, so we set out to analyse the association of a novel C-reactive protein-to-serum chloride ratio (CRP/Cl-) with the prognosis of maintenance haemodialysis patients and to assess its relationship with fluid status and body composition measured by bioimpedance. Materials and Methods: the present work is a retrospective cohort study of maintenance haemodialysis patients from our chronic outpatient haemodialysis programme between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2022. (n = 281). Survival time was collected for all patients and analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate survival probabilities. Variables included in the model were selected using a stepwise selection procedure based on the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc), which balances model fit and complexity. Results: during a median follow-up of 306 days, 34 patients died. Patients in the fourth quartile of the CRP/Cl- (>0.118 mg/mEq) had higher overall mortality (log-rank test, p = 0.0011). In the Cox multivariate analysis, the variables significantly associated with higher mortality were higher modified Charlson index (MCI), lower body surface area (BSA), lower interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), and higher CRP/Cl- ratio. The latter variable was independently associated with higher overall mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.027; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.000-1.055 p = 0.0469). Conclusions: Higher CRP/Cl- ratio values were associated with higher all-cause mortality in our maintenance haemodialysis patients.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a partially double-stranded DNA virus. HBV infection can induce a spectrum of disease ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Chronic HBV infection is also a major cause of HCC in Taiwan. Over 350 millions people worldwide are chronically infected with HBV. Lamivudine was the first marketing and is the first-line oral anti-viral agent for the therapy of chronic hepatitis B. Infinite nucleoside analogue therapy may be needed for long-term viral suppression especially in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. The initial randomized studies demonstrated the clinical benefit and safety of lamivudine in both hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and -negative chronic hepatitis B patients. But as high as 20% of the cases under 1-year lamivudine treatment developed genotypic resistance, which defined as the presence of YMDD mutation on the HBV polymerase region. Genotypic resistance is almost always associated with virological breakthrough and exacerbation of liver function. Long-term lamivudine therapy was reported increase HBeAg seroconversion and provided clinical improvement in ALT levels. However, in a four-year follow-up study, YMDD-variant HBV was detected in as high as 67% of patients under lamivudine treatment. Several clinical studies have proven that adefovir add-on therapy is superior to switching to adefovir monotherapy or entecavir 1mg monotherapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with lamivudine resistance (LAM-R). Currently, AASLD and EASL guidelines recommend adefovir add-on therapy as a standard treatment for LAM-R CHB patients. Long-term adefovir add-on therapy was effective for viral suppression (8). However, the economic burden for such dual antiviral therapy is heavy because of infinite treatment.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a potent antiviral agent. TDF and ETV are recommended oral first-line therapies for CHB. TDF demonstrated potent antiviral efficacy in a subset of lamivudine experienced HBeAg-positive patients. TDF is also superior to ADV in HBeAg-negative and HBeAg-positive treatment-naive patients. Theoretically, TDF can replace LAM/ADV when viral suppression has been achieved by LAM/ADV combination treatment in LAM-R CHB patients. This clinical trial is a proof of concept study to evaluate the efficacy of switching to TDF monotherapy in such patients.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disorder of the colonic mucosa, accompanied with abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea. Currently, clinical treatment options for UC are limited. Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction (QCWZD) is an effective prescription of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of UC. However, the mechanism of QCWZD in alleviating intestinal barrier dysfunction in UC has not been clearly explained.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine the mechanism whereby QCWZD promotes the recovery of intestinal barrier dysfunction in UC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A secondary analysis of colonic mucosa from UC patients acquired from a prior RCT clinical trial was performed. The effects of QCWZD on intestinal mucus and mechanical barriers in UC patients were evaluated using colon tissue paraffin-embedded sections from UC patients. The mechanism was further investigated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. UC mice were established in sterile water with 3.0% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Meanwhile, mice in the treatment group were dosed with QCWZD or mesalazine. In vitro, an intestinal barrier model was constructed using Caco-2 and HT29 cells in co-culture. GC-C plasmid was used to overexpress/knock down GC-C to clarify the target of QCWZD. HE, AB-PAS, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays were used to assess the level of colonic inflammation and intestinal barrier integrity. Rt-qPCR, Western Blot were used to detect the expression of genes and proteins related to GC-C signaling pathway. Molecular docking was used to simulate the binding sites of major components of QCWZD to GC-C.
RESULTS: In UC patients, QCWZD increased mucus secretion, goblet cell number, and promoted MUC2 and ZO-1 expression. QCWZD accelerated the recovery of UC mice from DSS-induced inflammation, including weight gain, reduced disease activity index (DAI) scores, colon length recovery, and histological healing. QCWZD promoted mucus secretion and increased ZO-1 expression in in vivo and in vitro experiments, thereby repairing mucus mechanical barrier damage. The effects of QCWZD are mediated through regulation of the GC-C signaling pathway, which in turn affects CFTR phosphorylation and MUC2 expression to promote mucus secretion, while inhibiting the over-activation of MLCK and repairing tight junctions to maintain the integrity of the mechanical barrier. Molecular docking results demonstrate the binding of the main components of QCWZD to GC-C.
CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that QCWZD modulates the GC-C signaling pathway to promote remission of mucus-mechanical barrier damage in the UC. The clarification of the mechanism of QCWZD holds promise for the development of new therapies for UC.
A method for the identification of agents suitable for the prevention or treatment of nerve injury, and in particular for the treatment of pain, especially neuropathic pain, comprises determining the ability of the agent to modulate the activity or expression of NADPH-Oxidase 4 (Nox4) in a biological sample. The invention also relates to inhibitors of the expression and/or the function of Nox4 for use in the prevention and/or treatment of nerve injury, in particular pain, more particularly neuropathic pain, and pharmaceutical composition comprising such inhibitors. The Nox4 inhibitors may also be used for the prevention and/or treatment of nerve injury associated with dysmyelination. The dysmyelination may be associated with leukodystrophies (such as Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, Canavan disease or phenylketonuria), schizophrenia, or multiple sclerosis. Alternatively, the injury or pain may be associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome, Charcot-Marie tooth type 1 disease, or multiple sclerosis. The inhibitor may be, for example, an antisense or siRNA molecule against Nox4.
Aim: The number of obese patients (body mass index (BMI)≥30) has increased dramatically worldwide, and we, as anesthesiologists, routinely come up against them in our daily clinical practice. Although the preference of various peripheral and neuroaxial regional anesthesia (RA) techniques seems to be advantageous in the anesthetic management of these patients, their performances can also be associated with technical difficulties and greater failure rates. The aim of this study is to compare the performance properties and analgesic efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided thoracic paravertebral blocks (TPVBs) in obese and non-obese patients.

Material methods: After obtaining ethics committee approval; data of 82 patients, who underwent elective bilateral reduction mammaplasty under general anesthesia with adjunctive TPVB analgesia between December of 2016 and February of 2020, were reviewed. Patients were allocated into two groups with respect to their BMI scores (Group NO: BMI\<30 and Group O: BMI≥30). Demographics, TPVB ideal US image visualization and performance times, needle tip visualisation and TPVB performance difficulties, number of needle maneuvers, surgical, anesthetic and analgesic follow-up parameters, incidence of postoperative nausea vomiting (PONV), sleep duration, length of postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and hospital stay, patient and surgeon satisfaction scores were all investigated and compared. Student's t, Mann-Whitney-U and Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis.