anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
CLARITY-AD is an 18-month, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial which examined the safety and efficacy of the anti-amyloid agent, lecanemab, in mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia due to Alzheimer disease (AD). Lecanemab effectively reduced mean brain amyloid burden and was associated with statistically significant favorable effects, reflected by moderately less decline in the primary and secondary clinical outcomes, at 18 months compared to placebo. However, there is controversy within the AD community regarding the clinical significance of these results and whether they translate into clinically meaningful and tangible benefits on cognition or daily functions.We here review the primary and secondary clinical outcomes of CLARITY-AD and present our interpretation of the potential clinical meaningfulness of the group-level differences in study outcomes in the context of the 18-month study duration. We propose that the validation of stage-appropriate group-level thresholds for clinical meaningfulness of AD trial outcomes in biologically confirmed cohorts will allow objective interpretation of trial results and guide clinical decision-making. Further, in accordance with FDA guidance which emphasizes patient-focused drug development, the contextualization of AD clinical trial outcomes can be facilitated by supplementary individual-level data analyses which measure the risk of disease progression or summarize intraindividual change, using prespecified thresholds of clinically meaningful change, in each of the study groups over the trial period. The concepts of "time-saved" and "time-based" slowing in disease progression can be used to communicate clinical outcomes associated with emerging disease-modifying AD therapies to various stakeholders. We also describe several factors that need to be considered when evaluating outcomes of emerging AD therapies, including disease stage, the neuropathologic complexity of AD, time-based effects of disease-modifying therapies, and the possible influence of individual factors on treatment response and/or risk for adverse events. The consideration of these factors in the design and reporting of future trials of emerging AD therapies will guide clinicians regarding their appropriateness for use in various patient populations.Finally, we emphasize that data from clinical cohorts with longer durations of treatment and follow-up, including extension studies and patient registries, is needed to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of lecanemab in early symptomatic AD.
FIELD: chemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: method is realised by treating a compound of formula ^ ^ with boronic acid or ether thereof of formula ^ , ^ in which two OR15 groups together with the boron atom with which they are bonded form a pinacolato boronate ester group in the presence of a Pd catalyst. The invention relates to a method of producing a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine of formula ^ . ^ The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition, having phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase inhibitor activity, containing thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine of formula (I) as an active ingredient, a method of preparing said composition and use of thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in producing a medicinal agent for inhibiting phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase. ^ EFFECT: use of the derivative as a phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase inhibitor. ^ 11 cl, 13 ex
Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type

The dosage of Exelon® (rivastigmine tartrate) shown to be effective in controlled clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease is 6-12 mg/day, given as twice-a-day dosing (daily doses of 3 to 6 mg BID). There is evidence from the clinical trials that doses at the higher end of this range may be more beneficial.

The starting dose of Exelon is 1.5 mg twice a day (BID). If this dose is well tolerated, after a minimum of 2 weeks of treatment, the dose may be increased to 3 mg BID. Subsequent increases to 4.5 mg BID and 6 mg BID should be attempted after a minimum of 2 weeks at the previous dose. If adverse effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, loss of appetite) cause intolerance during treatment, the patient should be instructed to discontinue treatment for several doses and then restart at the same or next lower dose level. If treatment is interrupted for longer than several days, treatment should be reinitiated with the lowest daily dose and titrated as described above (see WARNINGS). The maximum dose is 6 mg BID (12 mg/day).

Dementia Associated with Parkinson’s Disease

The dosage of Exelon shown to be effective in the single controlled clinical trial conducted in dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease is 3-12 mg/day, given as twice-a-day dosing (daily doses of 1.5-6 mg BID). In that medical condition, the starting dose of Exelon is 1.5 mg BID; subsequently, the dose may be increased to 3 mg BID and further to 4.5 mg BID and 6 mg BID, based on tolerability, with a minimum of 4 weeks at each dose.

Exelon should be taken with meals in divided doses in the morning and evening.

Recommendations for Administration: Caregivers should be instructed in the correct procedure for administering Exelon Oral Solution. In addition, they should be directed to the Instruction Sheet (included with the product) describing how the solution is to be administered. Caregivers should direct questions about the administration of the solution to either their physician or pharmacist (see PRECAUTIONS: Information for Patients and Caregivers).

Patients should be instructed to remove the oral dosing syringe provided in its protective case, and using the provided syringe, withdraw the prescribed amount of Exelon Oral Solution from the container. Each dose of Exelon Oral Solution may be swallowed directly from the syringe or first mixed with a small glass of water, cold fruit juice or soda. Patients should be instructed to stir and drink the mixture.

Exelon Oral Solution and Exelon Capsules may be interchanged at equal doses.
Methods are disclosed for measuring the accumulation of advanced glycosylation endproducts (AGEs), and for lowering the accumulation of advanced glycosylation endproducts, which are predicated on the discovery that such AGEs and their precedent glycotoxins are present in tobacco and its byproducts. More particularly the methods focus on the observation that individuals who smoke or otherwise use tobacco have increased levels of AGEs relative to non-smoking individuals. The present methods relate to the measurement of AGE levels in both individuals and in tobacco and its byproduct, smoke, and to the treatment of such individuals with agents capable of reacting with glycosylation products to either avert or diminish the accretion of AGEs in the body. Methods are also disclosed for the evaluation of the tobacco products to determine their storage status and organoleptic capacity and potential, for the treatment of the ambient atmosphere to lower AGE levels, and for the treatment of the tobacco products and combustion byproducts to lower AGE levels therein. For example, air or other samples may be taken and evaluated by a dosimeter or like device, to determine whether AGE levels exceed normal, after which measures could be implemented to remediate the ambient condition. Likewise, filters and similar devices for removing AGEs from tobacco smoke are disclosed. All such methods and corresponding materials are contemplated and included.
In addition to receiving standard care, participants in the ACT condition were taught techniques to reduce their emotional eating. Three overarching skills were taught over the course of the ACT intervention: (1) values clarification and commitment, (2) metacognitive awareness, and (3) distress tolerance. Throughout the sessions, physicians formed if-then plans with the patients to specify how to habitually use the ACT techniques to reduce emotional eating in their everyday lives. At the end of each session, participants were given a one-page homework sheet that asked them to monitor their behavior and their use of the ACT techniques during the week.
A dialysis system and method for removing toxic matter from the large intestine comprises an input tube, an output tube concentric with the input tube, both of which tubes are to be inserted in the large intestine an input pressure pump connected to deliver filtrate solution from an input container to the input tube, and an output suction pump connected to the output tube to remove filtrate solution. Pressure gauges control the input and output pumps so that an input pressure level of 75 mm Hg is not exceeded, and so that the output suction pump is disabled unless the input pressure level exceeds 45 mm Hg. A filtrate solution composition comprising a vasodilator of niacin, a high molecular weight protein in the form of casein, a mineral constituents and other components is also provided. The composition may be formed of electrolytes, buffers and a high molecular weight osmotic agent. The system and method may be adapted to treat shock. A shock treatment composition may comprise electrolytes, buffers and a rehydrating agent.
Participants will be randomized to one of three orders to reduce the possibility of an order effect.The participants will be given a brownie specific for the condition they are in and then will be instructed to eat the brownie in 10 minutes. Twenty minutes after consuming the brownie participants will be served a lunch. Dependent variables will be food liking.

At the start of the session the participant will be asked to recall all foods and beverages consumed 24 hours prior to the scheduled appointment. During this recall if a participant reports consuming any foods or beverages besides water within 3 hours of the appointment, the appointment will be rescheduled. Participants will also be asked if they have participated in any physical activity 24 hours prior to their scheduled appointment. If the participant answers "yes," then the appointment will be rescheduled.

After completing hunger and fullness VAS, participants will be presented with a preload of brownie, β-glucan brownie, or psyllium brownie. The brownie will be prepared from the same base recipe, thus be of the same approximate energy and macronutrient composition, but differ in amount and type of dietary fiber. The base recipe will use a box of Pillsbury™ dark chocolate brownie mix, two eggs, ¼ cup water and 2/3 cup of Food Club™ unsweetened applesauce. The regular brownie will not contain any fiber, while the β-glucan and psyllium brownie will contain about 6 grams of their respective fiber: Bulk Supplements™ β-glucan and Frontier™ Psyllium Husk Powder. An additional tablespoon of water will be added to the β-glucan brownie mix. The brownie will be presented warm, with two tablespoons of Cool Whip™ fat free spread on top, with 6 ounces of water. The participants will be told to consume all of the brownie and toping, and to drink all of the 6 oz of water within 10 minutes. Next, participants will rate their hunger and fullness again with the VAS and sit quietly for 20 minutes reading current magazines (i.e., People, Entertainment Weekly). After 20 minutes, the participants will be presented with a sandwich (turkey or ham), chips, and grapes.The sandwich will be cut into quarters on a plate, the chips and grapes will be presented in two separate bowls. Following the presentation of the meal, participants will be instructed that they will have 20 minutes to eat as much or as little as they would like of the meal provided until satisfied, however they need to at least taste each of the foods. At the completion of 20 minutes, the lunch will be removed and the participant will be asked to complete a scale for evaluating levels of hunger, fullness, and liking of the foods.
For patients with immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP), caplacizumab, a nanobody against von Willebrand factor A1 domain, has become crucial. Delayed normalization of ADAMTS13 activity during caplacizumab therapy has been identified. In a retrospective analysis, we compared platelet count, ADAMTS13 activity, its inhibitor, and anti-ADAMTS13 immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in acute iTTP cases treated with caplacizumab (n = 14) or without it (n = 16). The median time from initial therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) to the first rituximab administration was 12 days in the caplacizumab group (n = 11) and 10 days in the group without caplacizumab (n = 13). We evaluated ADAMTS13-related parameters at onset and once a week until day 28 after the first TPE. The number of days until the platelet counts reached ≥150 × 109/L was significantly shorter in the caplacizumab group than in the non-caplacizumab group. The median ADAMTS13 activity levels on days 14, 21, and 28 were significantly lower in the caplacizumab group. The median titers of the ADAMTS13 inhibitor and anti-ADAMTS13 IgG on the same days were significantly higher in the caplacizumab group. Furthermore, the median number of days from the first TPE until finally achieving an ADAMTS13 activity of ≥10% was significantly longer in the caplacizumab group than in the non-caplacizumab group (42 vs 23 days, P = .014). We observed delayed ADAMTS13 activity recovery and continued inhibitor and anti-ADAMTS13 IgG detection in patients with acute iTTP on caplacizumab, possibly because of the decreased number of TPEs and delayed frontline rituximab.
NEW MATERIAL:The compound of formula I (R1 is acyl residue, alkyl, cycloalkyl, carboxyalkyl or its ester, sugar-containing group, or heterocyclic group; R2 is H or lower alkyl; R3 is N-containing group or H). USE:An antitumor agent. It is effective to P-388 cell by in vivo screening test, and some compounds are effective also to B-16 and MM2. PROCESS:A compound of formula I wherein R1 is a group other than acyl and R2 is H can be prepared by reacting the compound of formula II with an alkylating agent (e.g. alkyl halide), and when R3 is nitro, optionally reducing the product. Another compound of formula I wherein R3 is H, R1 is acyl residue and R2 is H is obtained by the reaction of a compound of formula II wherein R3 is H with an acylation agent (e.g. acyl chloride).
Meningitis can occur due to inadvertent contamination of the microinfusion device and other means such as CSF seeding due to hematogenous or direct spread from an infected pump pocket or catheter tract. While meningitis is rare with an internal microinfusion device and surgically-implanted catheter, the incidence increases substantially with external devices. In PRIALT clinical trials, meningitis occurred in 3% (40) of patients in the PRIALT group using either internal or external microinfusion devices and 1% (1 case) of patients in the placebo group. 

The risk of meningitis was particularly high in patients with external microinfusion devices and catheters, occurring in 38 out of 41 patients (93%), 37 of whom received PRIALT and one who received placebo. 

Patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers must be particularly vigilant for the signs and symptoms of meningitis, including but not limited to fever, headache, stiff neck, altered mental status (e.g., lethargy, confusion, disorientation), nausea or vomiting, and occasionally seizures. Serious infection or meningitis can occur within 24 hours of a breach in sterility such as a disconnected catheter, the most common cause of meningitis with external microinfusion devices. The patient and health care provider must be familiar with the handling of the external microinfusion device and care of the catheter skin exit site. 

Strict aseptic procedures must be used during the preparation of the PRIALT solution and refilling of the microinfusion device to decrease the risk of introducing contaminants or other environmental pathogens into the reservoir. In suspected cases (especially in immuno-compromised patients) or in confirmed cases of meningitis, CSF cultures must be obtained and appropriate antibiotic therapy must be promptly instituted. Treatment of meningitis usually requires removal of the microinfusion system, catheter, and any other foreign body materials within the intrathecal space and, therefore, discontinuation of PRIALT therapy.
Participants will be instructed to brush for 2 minutes morning and evening with a full ribbon of standard fluoride toothpaste. After the evening brushing, participants will then insert custom-made trays loaded with a full ribbon of cream. Participants will be instructed to remove the trays after 5 minutes and expectorate the cream. Participants will be instructed not to eat or drink until the next morning following cream use.
The invention provides a nano preparation for local and systemic fat reduction and application thereof. The nano preparation consists of an oil phase and a water phase. The oil phase is membrane material components such as triglyceride, etc., oxidation stress inhibitor vitamin E and endoplasmic reticulum UPR pathway inhibitor, etc., and the water phase is vitamin C deionized water solution, etc. The nanometer preparation is loaded with the endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor in the carrier containing the oxidative stress inhibitor, so that the oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress which are necessary in the process of adipocyte maturation for accumulating lipid are weakened, the source of new fat is greatly reduced, the overgrowth of the existing adipocyte is inhibited, and the purposes of high efficiency, safety and weight reduction are achieved. The weight-reducing effect can realize local and/or systemic fat reduction with different purposes according to different administration modes, administration sites and administration doses. In addition, it has certain effect on preventing/treating fatty liver. The invention has reasonable design, simple preparation, safety, high efficiency and easy popularization.
A system and method for acquiring, hosting and distributing medical images for healthcare professionals. The system can include a database for storing private health information split from a medical imaging record. The system can also include a repository for storing at least one anonymized image split from the medical record. The anonymized images are parsed into a schema upon request with the schema provided in response to the request. The schema can define a structure mapping the anonymized images into a study. The personal information can be joined with the anonymized images to form medical imaging records into the study according to the structure. One or more participant devices in communication with the medical information network can provide collaborative features having application level capabilities that access, process, analyze or augment the personal information from the database and the non-personal information from the repository split from the medical imaging records.
INTRODUCTION: There are different types of COVID-19 vaccines approved worldwide. Since no national studies focus on vaccine-related adverse reactions and breakthrough cases, this study aimed to investigate the rate of adverse events and COVID-19 infection in medical students in Iran.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included Iranian medical students who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccines. The medical team gathered the demographic characteristics, comorbidities, type of vaccine, adverse events following vaccination, and history of COVID-19 infection data through a phone interview. The frequency of adverse events and breakthrough infection was stratified by vaccine type (ChAdOx1-S, Gam-COVID-Vac, and BIBP-CorV).
RESULTS: A total of 3,591 medical students enrolled in this study, of which 57.02% were females, with a mean age of 23.31 + 4.87. A PCR-confirmed and suspicious-for-COVID-19 breakthrough infection rate of 4.51 and 7.02% was detected, respectively. There was no significant relation between breakthrough infection and gender, BMI, blood groups, and comorbidities. However, there was a significant difference in breakthrough infection rate among different types of vaccines (p = 0.001) and history of COVID-19 infection (p = 0.001). A total of 16 participants were hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection after vaccination for reasons such as dyspnea, abnormal imaging, or decreased oxygen saturation. No severe infection or death was observed in the studied population.
CONCLUSION: Vaccination prevented severe COVID-19 infection, although a high breakthrough infection rate was evident among Iranian medical students during the Delta variant's peak. Vaccine effectiveness may be fragile during emerging new variants and in high-exposure settings. Moreover, adverse events are rare, and the benefits of vaccination outweigh the side effects. However, many limitations challenged this study, and the results should be cautious.
Breastmilk. This is started at 6 hours of age at the earliest; breast milk: 0.2 ml of mothers' own colostrum/ breast milk is instilled into the posterior buccal cavity in aliquots of 0.1 ml over a 30 second period. The colostrum is given time to get absorbed, any pooled milk is swabbed in the infants' cheek and gum. This is performed every 4 hours until independent safe cup feeds, breastfeed or bottle feed is established consistently for 48 hours.
BACKGROUND: We aimed to examine temporal changes in the annual rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) in Danish children and associated changes in patient characteristics including potential underlying risk factors.
METHODS: In this population-based cohort study, we used plasma creatinine measurements from Danish laboratory databases to identify AKI episodes in children aged 0-17 years from 2007 to 2021. For each child, the first AKI episode per calendar year was included. We estimated the annual crude and sex- and age-standardized AKI rate as the number of children with an AKI episode divided by the total number of children as reported by census numbers. Using Danish medical databases, we assessed patient characteristics including potential risk factors for AKI, such as use of nephrotoxic medication, surgery, sepsis, and perinatal factors.
RESULTS: In total, 14,200 children contributed with 16,345 AKI episodes over 15 years. The mean annual AKI rate was 148 (95% CI: 141-155) per 100,000 children. From 2007 to 2021, the annual AKI rate demonstrated minor year-to-year variability without any discernible overall trend. The highest AKI rate was recorded in 2007 at 174 (95% CI: 161-187) per 100,000 children, while the lowest rate occurred in 2012 at 129 (95% CI: 118-140) per 100,000 children. In 2021, the AKI rate was 148 (95% CI: 141-155) per 100,000 children. Characteristics of children with AKI were similar throughout the study period.
CONCLUSION: The rate of AKI among Danish children was stable from 2007 to 2021 with little variation in patient characteristics over time.