anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening reaction, may occur when amphetamines are used in combination with other drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter systems such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, and St. John’s Wort (see DRUG INTERACTIONS). Amphetamines and amphetamine derivatives are known to be metabolized, to some degree, by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) and display minor inhibition of CYP2D6 metabolism (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). The potential for a pharmacokinetic interaction exists with the co-administration of CYP2D6 inhibitors which may increase the risk with increased exposure to DESOXYN. In these situations, consider an alternative nonserotonergic drug or an alternative drug that does not inhibit CYP2D6 (see DRUG INTERACTIONS).

Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, delirium, and coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, hyperthermia), neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, incoordination), seizures, and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea).

Concomitant use of DESOXYN with MAOI drugs is contraindicated (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).

Discontinue treatment with DESOXYN and any concomitant serotonergic agents immediately if the above symptoms occur, and initiate supportive symptomatic treatment. If concomitant use of DESOXYN with other serotonergic drugs or CYP2D6 inhibitors is clinically warranted, initiate DESOXYN with lower doses, monitor patients for the emergence of serotonin syndrome during drug initiation or titration, and inform patients of the increased risk for serotonin syndrome.

Visual Disturbance: Difficulties with accommodation and blurring of vision have been reported with stimulant treatment.
Age Effects: No specific pharmacokinetic study was conducted to investigate age effects. Cross study comparison of pharmacokinetic data following single dose administration of 6 mg tizanidine showed that younger subjects cleared the drug four times faster than the elderly subjects. Tizanidine has not been evaluated in children (see PRECAUTIONS).

Hepatic Impairment: Pharmacokinetic differences due to hepatic impairment have not been studied (see WARNINGS).

Renal Impairment: Tizanidine clearance is reduced by more than 50% in elderly patients with renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance < 25 mL/min) compared to healthy elderly subjects; this would be expected to lead to a longer duration of clinical effect. Tizanidine should be used with caution in renally impaired patients (see PRECAUTIONS).

Gender Effects: No specific pharmacokinetic study was conducted to investigate gender effects. Retrospective analysis of pharmacokinetic data, however, following single and multiple dose administration of 4 mg tizanidine showed that gender had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of tizanidine.

Race Effects: Pharmacokinetic differences due to race have not been studied.

Drug Interactions-Oral Contraceptives: No specific pharmacokinetic study was conducted to investigate interaction between oral contraceptives and tizanidine. Retrospective analysis of population pharmacokinetic data following single and multiple dose administration of 4 mg tizanidine, however, showed that women concurrently taking oral contraceptives had 50% lower clearance of tizanidine compared to women not on oral contraceptives (see PRECAUTIONS).
Patients who are resected after 2 cycles of Cisplatin will be randomised to receive 4 or 6 cycles of Cisplatin overall (80mg/m2). Patients who are not resected will continue to receive up to 6 cycles of Cisplatin (80mg/m2) until resection.
PURPOSE:A liposome pharmaceutical, obtained by embedding a hydroquinone glycoside on a lamella phase of a complex lipid. and incorporating sterol as a stabilizer therein and having improved stability and selective migration to the affected part of the hydroquinone glycoside and further sustained release properties. CONSTITUTION:A liposome pharmaceutical obtained by embedding a hydroquinone glycoside expressed by the formula (R is residue, e.g. L-arabinose) in a lamella phase of a complex lipid, e.g. natural or synthetic phospholipid, at 1:0.2-0.7 weight ratio of the former to the latter, and incorporating sterol, e.g. cholesterol or beta-sitosterol, as a stabilizer therein. A charge is desirably imparted to the lamella phase of the complex lipid for enhancing the dispersion stability of the liposome. When a negative charge is imparted, a lipid, e.g. phosphatidyl serine or dicetyl phosphate, having the negative charge is incorporated. When a positive charge is imparted, a lipid, e.g. stearylamine, having the positive charge is incorporated.
Based on historical patient data from the four study CTCs, we expect that approximately 1,000 patients will enroll in HIV care at these clinics during the study period and be determined not eligible for ART or of unknown eligibility. Assuming a 10% refusal rate, approximately 900 patients would then enroll in this study and complete baseline interviews. These 900 patients will be prospectively monitored using routinely collected patient care data for up to 24 months. Outreach workers will attempt to trace all of the enrolled patients who are observed to be LTF during the study period, and complete a defaulter tracing survey.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are considered immunocompromised, putting them at high risk for infections, including cytomegalovirus (CMV). CMV can affect hematological parameters, causing further complications in ESRD patients. This study intended to determine the seropositivity of CMV infection in hemodialysis patients and its effect on different blood parameters in ESRD patients to help decrease the overall dialysis associated morbidity and mortality. Blood samples were collected from 45 ESRD patients and 45 controls. A complete blood count was performed using an automated cell counter. CMV-specific IgM and IgG levels were measured using immunochemistry testing. The seropositivity for CMV-IgG was 42.2% in ESRD patients which was significantly higher than in control group (22.2%) (p=0.042). The seropositivity for CMV-IgM was 6.7% in ESRD patients with no difference with the control group (4.4%). The prevalence of anemia was significantly higher in CMV seropositive (77.3%) compared to CMV seronegative (47.8%) ESRD patients. Other studied blood parameters were not different between CMV seronegative and seropositive ESRD patients. In conclusion, CMV infection is a significant concern for dialysis patients and can affect hematological parameters, leading to further complications. Early detection and treatment of CMV infection and monitoring of CMV IgM and IgG levels are critical to prevent further complications and improve clinical outcomes.
As this is a crossover study, each participant will be assigned to each treatment intervention. Participants (randomly) assigned to Arm 1 will first receive low polyphenol concentration EVOO for consumption, followed by high polyphenol concentration EVOO for consumption following a 14- day washout phase.
A method for providing recommendations to a user based on user activity. A plurality of activity data tracking a plurality of activities of a user is obtained. The activity data may be obtained over a wide area net network such as the Internet or downloaded from a data card (30) which stores activity data whenever the user participates in an activity. The activity data is either stored on the data card (26) or transmitted over the network (14) whenever the user uses a card when participating in any activity such as when making a purchase of goods, paying for services, watching television, etc. The activity data is processed to identify a plurality of user patterns. The user patterns are used to form a user profile (48) and may include user habit data. Recommendations specific to the user based on the user patterns are then created for and provided to the user. The recommendations are provided to a user when the user logs onto a computer network such as the Internet.  Electronic mail, electronic pager or other methods may alsalso provide the recommendations. The recommendations are provided by various data analysis techniques including rule based inference engines and other forms of artificial intelligence.
BACKGROUND: Lip filler injection is one of the most common minimally invasive cosmetic procedures involving the face; however, vascular complications are not uncommon. The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomy of the superior labial artery (SLA) and provide precise topographic information for dermal filler injection into the lips.
METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) scans of 52 cadaveric heads injected with lead oxide were obtained. We then used Mimics software to construct 3D images of the SLA described by a coordinate system based on the bilateral external auditory canal and the left orbit. This study aimed to classify the SLA in the Han Chinese population, measure its diameter at specific points, and determine the thickness of the lip at those points. Ultimately, we utilized a thermal imaging technique to illustrate the course and depth of the SLA within the lip. The objective of this study was to provide safe guidance for clinical injections.
RESULTS: In this study, the SLA was successfully identified in all cadavers. The mean overall diameter of the superior labial arteries was 1.36 ± 0.28 mm. The superior labial artery showed a general course from deep to shallow with an average depth of 5.68 ± 1.68 mm from the oral commissure to the midline.
CONCLUSIONS: There are anatomical differences in the superior labial arteries among Chinese people. Furthermore, 3D CT images can digitally elucidate the exact positions of the superior labial artery via a coordinate system, improving the safety of upper lip filler injections in clinical settings.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
In Part A, 2 subjects will receive a single dose and in Part B, 2 subjects will receive twice daily doses for 7.5 days (a total of 15 doses). Each dose consists of three capsules.
PURPOSE: The extent of honeycombing and reticulation predict the clinical prognosis of IPF. Emphysema, consolidation, and ground glass opacity are visible in HRCT scans. To date, there have been few comprehensive studies that have used these parameters. We conducted automated quantitative analysis to identify predictive parameters for clinical outcomes and then grouped the subjects accordingly.
METHODS: CT images were obtained while patients held their breath at full inspiration. Parameters were analyzed using an automated lung texture quantification system. Cluster analysis was conducted on 159 IPF patients and clinical profiles were compared between clusters in terms of survival.
RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that survival rates declined as fibrosis, reticulation, honeycombing, consolidation, and emphysema scores increased. Cox regression analysis revealed that reticulation had the most significant impact on survival rate, followed by honeycombing, consolidation, and emphysema scores. Hierarchical and K-means cluster analyses revealed 3 clusters. Cluster 1 (n = 126) with the lowest values for all parameters had the longest survival duration, and relatively-well preserved FVC and DLCO. Cluster 2 (n = 15) with high reticulation and consolidation scores had the lowest FVC and DLCO values with a predominance of female, while cluster 3 (n = 18) with high honeycombing and emphysema scores predominantly consisted of male smokers. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that cluster 2 had the lowest survival rate, followed by cluster 3 and cluster 1.
CONCLUSION: Automated quantitative CT analysis provides valuable information for predicting clinical outcomes, and clustering based on these parameters may help identify the high-risk group for management.
In laparoscopic right colectomy subgroup, the patient will be placed in a lithotomy position. Entrance in the peritoneal cavity will be completed via the open Hasson method. Overall, 4 ports will be used: 10mm at the umbilicus for optical entry, 12mm in the left midclavicular line below the umbilicus as the main working port, 5mm at the McBurney point, and 5mm between the umbilicus and the xiphoid process. Dissection of the peritoneal fold, under the terminal ileum, will be performed based on the medial to lateral approach. Similar to the open approach, the ileocolic vessels, as well as the right branches of the middle colic will be ligated at their origin for cecal and proximal ascending tumors. For hepatic flexure cancers, the medial colic vessels will be ligated. The ileocolic anastomosis will be completed either intracorporeally or extracorporeally, using staples or sutures.
Behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rising among refugees, increasing chronic disease prevalence that causes morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence, awareness and management of behavioural risk factors for NCDs among South African Durban-based refugees. A once-off quantitative, cross-sectional design was conducted on the behavioural risk factors for NCDs among 122 randomly selected Durban-based refugees using a modified version of the World Health Organisation (WHO) STEPwise approach to NCDs surveillance (STEPS) instrument. Participants' awareness and management of risk factors for NCDs were determined with a behavioural NCD awareness and management of behavioural NCD risk factor questionnaire. Smoking and alcohol prevalence were 4.1% and 20.7%, respectively, with 40.8% consuming fewer than five servings of fruit and/or vegetables daily. Participants performed more than 150 min of moderate physical activity per week. A significant 30.8% (p < 0.001) was aware that consuming alcohol poses an extremely large risk, similarly for smoking (38.7%; p < 0.001]. A significant 56.2% (p < 0.001) believe that regularly eating raw vegetables presents no risk, likewise for being physically active (51.7%; p < 0.001). A significant 40.6% (p < 0.001) of the participants always drink water or non-alcoholic drinks to manage their alcohol consumption, 54.2% (p < 0.001) manage their unhealthy diet by sometimes filling half their plates with fruits and vegetables, and 49.2% manage their physical activity levels by sometimes choosing a range of physical activities (p < 0.001). Refugees' lack of awareness of behavioural risk factors for NCDs highlights the importance for health service providers to present health promotion programs to make refugees aware of their behavioural NCD's risk factors and how it impacts their health.
Respiratory Physiotherapy sessions were held once a week by the physiotherapist, and four times more for the family at home, for one year. The sessions have a duration between 30 and 45 minutes, varying according to the level of patient cooperation. The exercise program should be repeated in three cycles, although younger children took longer than older in performing them.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of nutritional status on adverse clinical events in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study included 196 patients, 75-102-years-old, with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, hospitalized in our hospital. The nutritional status was assessed using Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF). Patients with MNA-SF scores of 0-11 and 12-14 were included in the malnutrition and nonmalnutrition groups, respectively.
RESULTS: The average age of the malnutrition group was higher than that of the nonmalnutrition group, and the levels of body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (HGB), and albumin (ALB) were significantly lower than those of the nonmalnutrition group, with statistical significance (p < .05). The incidence of all-cause death in the malnutrition group was higher than that in the nonmalnutrition group (p = .007). Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that malnutrition patients have a higher risk of all-cause death (log-rank test, p = .001) and major bleeding events (p = .017). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis corrected for confounders showed that malnutrition was an independent risk factor of all-cause death (HR = 1.780, 95%CI:1.039-3.050, p = .036). The malnutrition group had a significantly high incidence of major bleeding than the nonmalnutrition group (p = .026), and there was no significant difference in the proportion of anticoagulation therapy (p = .082) and the incidence of ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (p = .310) between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition is an independent risk factor of all-cause death in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. The incidence of major bleeding in malnourished elderly patients with atrial fibrillation is high, and the benefit of anticoagulation therapy is not obvious.
Prepn. of microcapsules comprises (a) emulsifying protein solns. contg. a plurality of amino gps. in alcohols and forming polymer membranes around the droplets by interfacial polymn. with a polybasic acid chloride or anhydride; (b) terminating the polymn. by adding water to the medium; and (c) separating the resulting microcapsules from the hydrophobic phase by sieving or decanting the solvent phase and freeze-drying.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A consensus exercise was carried out to address unmet needs in the classification, diagnosis, and management of patients with chronic noninfectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment (NIU-PS), with a focus on chronic postoperative inflammation/cystoid macular edema.
METHODS: Eight experts participated in roundtable discussions and consensus-building exercises to develop clear guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic NIU-PS. The group addressed questions surrounding clinical features, diagnostic tests, and treatment considerations.
RESULTS: Clinicians agreed that chronic uveitis/intraocular inflammation should be defined as having persistence or recurrence for 3 or more months. Diagnosis is informed by evaluation of signs and symptoms, use of imaging, and exclusion of infectious etiologies. Management should be initiated with the least invasive therapies, proceeding to intraocular injections, and/or long-term intravitreal or systemic therapies, as necessary.
CONCLUSION: This article offers an up-to-date consensus guideline based on clinical experience. Future clinical trials may help to test and reevaluate these recommendations. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2024;55:652-658.].
Women who engage in exchange sex (i.e., sex in exchange for money, drugs, or other services) remain are at substantial risk for HIV infection. (1-6) Due to a confluence of social and structural factors, exchange sex is relatively prevalent among women from socially and economically marginalized groups, such as women who are transgender, unstably housed/homeless and/or those who use and/or inject drugs. (1-3, 19-23) The overarching goal of this research is to decrease new HIV infections among women who engage in exchange sex. Daily oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an innovative method of HIV prevention that women, themselves, can control; as such, PrEP has the potential to reduce the risk of HIV acquisition among women who engage in exchange sex. Therefore, the investigators developed a theory-guided behavioral intervention (PrEP-UP) which utilizes street-based peer outreach and navigation to increase access to PrEP and promote PrEP uptake among women involved in exchange sex. Specifically, PrEP-UP involves a Peer delivering PrEP education and counseling during street-based outreach followed by offer of a PrEP care appointment along with peer navigation (e.g., appointment accompaniment and reminders, etc.) for the first several PrEP care visits. The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of PrEP-UP. To implement PrEP-UP, the investigators will collaborate with an established community-based organization (CBO) in East Harlem, NY, which uses street-based peer outreach and navigation to connect individuals to needed health and social services. Medical and pharmacy records will be reviewed to assess PrEP initiation. The investigators will conduct self-report surveys at baseline and at a week 4-12 follow-up visit that will collect data about sexual and drug use risk behaviors, perceived HIV risk, and PrEP-related knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy to assess for temporal changes in these variables. Additionally, individual interviews will be conducted post-intervention with a subset of the women as well as the CBO staff and leadership to access acceptability of the intervention.
For centuries, increasingly sophisticated methods and approaches have been brought to bear to promote weight loss. Second only to the Holy Grail of research on aging, the idea of finding a single and simple way to lose weight has long preoccupied the minds of laymen and scientists alike. The effects of obesity are far-reaching and not to be minimized; the need for more effective treatments is obvious. Is there a single silver bullet that addresses this issue without effort on the part of the individual? The answer to this question has been one of the most elusive and sought-after in modern history. Now and then, a miraculous discovery propagates the illusion that a simple solution is possible. Now there are designer drugs that seem to accomplish the task: we can lose weight without effort using mono, dual, and triple agonists of receptors for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and glucagon. There are, however, fundamental biological principles that raise intriguing questions about these therapies beyond the currently reported side-effects. This perspective reflects upon these issues from the angle of complex goal-oriented behaviors, and systemic and cellular metabolism associated with satiety and hunger.
Patients with compressive peroneal nerve neuropathy and will undergo a Peroneal Nerve Decompression (PND). Patients will undergo standard of care exams and surgery. During surgery, the surgeon will apply the mechanomyography (MMG) to the targeted nerve immediately prior and post decompression. Subjects will be followed until they are 6 months postop.
Mirtazapine tablets, USP contain mirtazapine. Mirtazapine has a tetracyclic chemical structure and belongs to the piperazino-azepine group of compounds. It is designated 1,2,3,4,10,14b-Hexahydro-2-methylpyrazino[2,1-a]pyrido[2,3-c]benzazepine and has the molecular formula of C17H19N3. Its molecular weight is 265.36. The structural formula is the following and it is the racemic mixture:

Mirtazapine, USP is a white to creamy white crystalline powder which is slightly soluble in water.

Mirtazapine tablets are available for oral administration as scored film-coated tablets containing 15 or 30 mg of mirtazapine, and unscored film-coated tablets containing 45 mg of mirtazapine. Each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: anhydrous lactose, colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, FD&C Blue No. 2 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Yellow No. 6 Aluminum Lake, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polydextrose, polyethylene glycol, pregelatinized starch (corn), sodium lauryl sulfate, titanium dioxide and triacetin.