anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Oesophageal malignancies (OC) are the sixth most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Traditional risk factors for OC include smoking, alcohol consumption, and poorly controlled acid reflux; however, the trends in the last decade have pointed out the potential carcinogenic roles of infectious agents, especially Human Papillomavirus (HPV), in the development of OC. The prevalence of HPV infection in OC varies greatly worldwide, mainly due to the inconsistencies of the detection assays employed. This study attempted to establish the association between high-risk HPV and oesophageal malignancies by detecting the transcriptionally active HPV mRNA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 30 malignant oesophageal samples were subjected to real-time PCR to detect high-risk HPV-16 and 18 by targeting transcriptionally active E6/E7 genes. The positive samples were further subjected to viral load assessment.
RESULTS: Histopathological analysis of the patients showed that a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was seen in 56.2% of the cases. Of the 30 samples, 4 (13.3%) showed positive for HPV-16 E6/E7, and none showed positive for HPV-18 E6/E7. The viral load of HPV-16 E6/E7 in the positive samples was lesser than the copies present in the well-established cell line, SiHa.
CONCLUSION: The role of HPV in the etiopathogenesis of oesophageal malignancies is unclear. Based on this study and the supporting data presented, it can be said that the association of high-risk HPV infection in oesophageal cancers does exist, but whether it is clinically and etiologically significant is the question that needs to be answered. Multicenter studies from different geographical locations, employing multiple molecular methods with a larger sample size, could aid in a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of HPV in OC.
Adjuvant immunotherapy has been recently recommended for patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but there are no tissue biomarkers to predict treatment response in ccRCC. Potential predictive biomarkers are mainly assessed in primary tumor tissue, whereas metastases (METs) remain understudied. To explore potential differences between genomic alterations and immune phenotypes in primary tumors and their matched METs, we analyzed primary tumors (PTs) of 47 ccRCC patients and their matched distant METs by comprehensive targeted parallel sequencing, whole-genome copy number variation analysis, determination of microsatellite instability, and tumor mutational burden. We quantified the spatial distribution of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and coexpression of the T-cell-exhaustion marker thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box (TOX) by digital immunoprofiling and quantified tertiary lymphoid structures. Most METs were pathologically "cold." Inflamed, pathologically "hot" PTs were associated with decreased disease-free survival, worst for patients with high levels of CD8+TOX+ T cells. Interestingly, inflamed METs showed a relative increase in exhausted CD8+TOX+ T cells and increased accumulative size of tertiary lymphoid structures compared with PTs. Integrative analysis of molecular and immune phenotypes revealed BAP1 and CDKN2A/B deficiency to be associated with an inflamed immune phenotype. Our results highlight the distinct spatial distribution and differentiation of CD8+ T cells at metastatic sites, and the association of an inflamed microenvironment with specific genomic alterations.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional Chinese herbal medicine Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer has a long history in clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Total saponins of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer (TSPJs) were extracted from the root of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, and its anti-rheumatism mechanism is still unclear.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate whether TSPJs attenuated synovial angiogenesis in RA and explore the potential mechanisms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Potential TSPJs targets involving gene function were predicted by network pharmacology related databases. Bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking technology were used to predict the mechanism of TSPJs in the treatment of RA. The predicted results were validated by cell experiments and a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model.
RESULTS: Bioinformatics analysis results showed that TSPJs may inhibit RA-related angiogenesis through the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways. In vitro, different doses of TSPJs showed a good inhibitory effect on the tube formation of EA.hy926 cells. The results of the cellular thermal shift assay indicated that TSPJs can bind to the HIF-1α, VEGFA, and angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1) proteins. In vivo, the administration of TSPJs alleviated the symptoms of CIA mice, including the arthritis index, hind paw thickness, and swollen joint count. The histological results demonstrated that TSPJs inhibited inflammation, angiogenesis, bone damage, and cartilage destruction. Furthermore, TSPJs decreased the number of vessels and the expression level of CD31. The mechanistic results revealed that TSPJs decreased the expression of HIF-1α, VEGFA, and ANG-1 in the serum or synovial tissues of CIA mice.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that TSPJs effectively inhibit angiogenesis in RA, and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting the HIF-1α/VEGF/ANG-1 axis.
OBJECTIVE: Previous observational studies have indicated associations between various inflammatory cytokines and diabetic nephropathy (DN) caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the causality remains unclear. We aimed to further evaluate the causal association between 91 inflammatory cytokines and DN using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
METHOD: Summary statistics for DN were obtained from a publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis. Data pertaining to inflammatory cytokines were derived from a GWAS protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) study. The primary analytical approach employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, complemented by MR-Egger regression, weighted mode (WM), and weighted median (WME) methods to evaluate the causal association between inflammatory cytokines and DN. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the robustness of the findings.
RESULT: Among individuals of European ancestry, the IVW method results revealed a positive causal association between the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14), and TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE) with DN. Conversely, a negative causal association was observed between the gene expression of interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1α), and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) with DN. Among individuals of East Asian ancestry, the IVW method results indicated a negative causal association between the gene expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and DN. Notably, these findings persisted without evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity, ensuring their robustness and reliability.
CONCLUSION: The MR analysis underscores a causal association between inflammatory cytokines and DN, providing an important reference and evidence for the study of DN.
Manganese accumulation in the basal ganglia has been reported in adult and pediatric patients on long-term parenteral nutrition receiving manganese at higher than recommended dosages and in association with cholestatic liver disease. Some adult patients with brain MRI findings reportedly experienced neuropsychiatric symptoms, including changes in mood or memory, seizures and/or parkinsonian-like tremors, dysarthria, mask-face, and halting gait. Some pediatric patients experienced dystonic movements or seizures. Brain MRI findings and clinical symptoms have also been observed in patients who received manganese at or below the recommended dosage and with normal blood manganese concentrations. Regression of symptoms and MRI findings have occurred over weeks to months following discontinuation of manganese in most patients but have not always completely resolved.

Monitor patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition solutions containing Tralement for neurologic signs and symptoms and routinely monitor whole blood manganese concentrations and liver function tests. In case of suspected manganese toxicity or new neuro-psychiatric manifestations, temporarily discontinue Tralement, check manganese whole blood concentrations, and consider brain MRI evaluation.

Monitor patients receiving Tralement for cholestasis or other biliary liver disease. Consider individual trace element products as an alternative to Tralement in patients with hepatic and/or biliary dysfunction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
Peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC) is an invasive technique. In this technique, a catheter is entrenched through the skin of the recipient into the lumen of a peripheral blood vein. It is the second most painful procedure performed in hospitals. Peripheral intravenous cannulation (PICV) is a common painful procedure for children, and nearly all ill children have experience with PIVC, and up to 80% of patients receive a peripheral venous cannula in a hospital. Therefore, the use of effective methods in pain and anxiety relief is very important during injection procedures in children.

In order to relieve pain and fear in children undergoing PICV. Psychological and physical approaches for coping with children's pain are favored, as well as pharmacological methods. Application of topical anesthetic creams is the most commonly used pharmacological solution to reduce pain associated with the medical procedure, or refrigerant preparations, however, only reduce the perception of pain in children during procedures. These approaches are not resolved anxiety, a core factor of noncooperation, which encumbers the efficiency of the needle procedure. For this cause, non-pharmacological approaches are generally recognized as alternative techniques, which may be used separately or in addition to pharmacological approaches, to provide sufficient pain and fear relief and to offer children a sense of control over the situation.
Objective: This trial will evaluate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (aminolevulinic acid plus blue light) for treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCis).

This pilot study will prospectively recruit 40 subjects with biopsy proven SCCis at the time of their visit at University Dermatology East Providence office. Exclusion criteria include lesion in high-risk site (head, neck, hands, feet), previous severe adverse reaction to topical 20% aminolevulinic acid (Kerastick), previous severe adverse reaction to blue light (BLU-U), allergy to Tegaderm, primary or secondary immunosuppression, history of \> 6 skin cancers in the past year, photosensitizing condition such as lupus, or sensitivity to porphyrins.

Half of the subjects will be randomized to the control group (n=20), and the remaining subjects (n=20) will be randomized to the intervention group. The subject's age and gender, and size and location of the SCCis will be recorded. For the control group, subjects will undergo a surgical excision of the tumor, which is the gold standard of treatment for SCCis. After the excision, subjects will be asked to fill out a satisfaction survey. They will not receive any PDT treatment.

For the intervention group, photographs of the lesion will be taken at each study visit. A clear transparency film will be used to trace the clinical margins of the lesion, as well as any other distinctive skin markings such as nevi or birthmarks. Subjects will then undergo the study procedure. The area to be treated will be swabbed with an alcohol wipe and allowed to dry. The investigator will apply topical 20% 5-ALA to the SCCis. Then, the area will be covered with Tegaderm film for 3 hours. At the end of 3 hours, the Tegaderm will be removed and the subject will be exposed to a blue light source, which is the standard protocol for treatment with blue light PDT. During administration of the light and immediately afterwards, the subject will be monitored for any side effects, such as erythema, edema, stinging/burning, blisters/crusting, hyperpigmentation, and hypopigmentation. These items will be graded on a scale of 1 to 4 (1=mild and 4=severe) assessed immediately after treatment. This process will be repeated at the next visit 3-5 weeks later. At six months after the last treatment, subjects in the intervention group will return for clinical follow-up and surgical excision of the lesion. Patients will complete a satisfaction survey at the end of this visit.
This study will be conducted out at 3 pediatric surgery tertiary centers (Al-Azhar University hospitals in Cairo, Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital in Riyadh and Maternity \& Children's Hospital in Bisha) on patients aged from 1-14 years presenting to the ER by stable penetrating abdominal trauma with significant clinical/radiologic findings, in the period from April 2017 to March 2022. Responders to initial resuscitation will be managed by minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy and laparoscopic-assisted procedures). All patients enrolled in the study will give a written informed consent even for possible conversion to laparotomy if necessary.
BACKGROUND: The rate of revision total joint arthroplasties is expected to increase drastically in the near future. Given the recent pandemic, there has been a general push toward early discharge. This study aimed to assess for predictors of early postoperative discharge after revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) and revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA).
METHODS: There were 77 rTKA and 129 rTHA collected between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021. Demographic data, comorbidities, a comorbidity index, the modified frailty index (mFI-5), and surgical history were collected. The Common Procedural Terminology codes for each case were assessed. Patients were grouped into 2 cohorts, early discharge (length of stay [LOS] <24 hours) and late discharge (LOS >24 hours).
RESULTS: In the rTHA cohort, age >65 years, a history of cardiac or liver disease, an mFI-5 of >1, a comorbidity index of >2.7, a surgical time >122 minutes, and the need for a transfusion were predictors of prolonged LOS. Only the presence of a surgical time of >63 minutes or an mFI-5 >1 increased patient LOS in the rTKA cohort. In both rTHA and rTKA patients, periprosthetic joint infection resulted in a late discharge for all patients, mean 4.8 and 7.1 days, respectively. Dual component revision was performed in 70.5% of rTHA. Only 27.6% of rTKA were 2-component revisions or placements of an antibiotic spacer.
CONCLUSIONS: Several patient and surgical factors preclude early discharge candidacy. For rTHA, an mFI-5 of >2/5, comorbidity index of >4, or a surgical time of >122 minutes is predictive of prolonged LOS. For rTKA, an mFI-5 of >2/5, Charlson Comorbidity Index of >5, or a surgical time of >63 minutes predicts prolonged LOS.
This study is designed as a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study to assess putative differences in the effect of interleaving stimulation and empirical stimulation with regards to post-operation dyskinesia control. The primary objective is to assess putative differences in the effect of interleaving stimulation and empirical stimulation with regards to dyskinesia control.

50 Patients will be randomly assigned to either the interleaving stimulation modes group (ISG) or the empirical stimulation modes group (ESG). In ISG, empirical stimulation for the first 3 months, followed by interleaving programming period for 6 months, and any stimulation decided by the neurologists/neurosurgeons for the final 3 months. In ESG, empirical programming for the first 9 months' period, followed by any stimulation decided by the neurologists/neurosurgeons for the final 3 months. The change of dyskinesia scores (UPDRS IV, item 32 + item 33), Parkinson's disease quality of life-39 (PDQ-39) scores, scores of United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III as well as scores of neuropsychological Battery in interleaving stimulation compared to empirical programming modes will be measured based on corresponding time frame. Finally, the results will be analyzed via proper statistical methods and thus the conclusion will be drawn.
Patients receiving mifepristone may experience adrenal insufficiency. Because serum cortisol levels remain elevated and may even increase during treatment with KORLYM, serum cortisol levels do not provide an accurate assessment of hypoadrenalism in patients receiving KORLYM. Patients should be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, including weakness, nausea, increased fatigue, hypotension, and hypoglycemia. If adrenal insufficiency is suspected, discontinue treatment with KORLYM immediately and administer glucocorticoids without delay. High doses of supplemental glucocorticoids may be needed to overcome the glucocorticoid receptor blockade produced by mifepristone. Factors considered in deciding on the duration of glucocorticoid treatment should include the long half-life of mifepristone (85 hours). 

Treatment with KORLYM at a lower dose can be resumed after resolution of adrenal insufficiency. Patients should also be evaluated for precipitating causes of hypoadrenalism (infection, trauma, etc.).
A recent paper shows that in gene expression space the manifold spanned by normal tissues and the manifold spanned by the corresponding tumors are disjoint. The statement is based on a two-dimensional projection of gene expression data. In the present paper, we show that, for the multi-dimensional vectors defining the centers of cloud samples: 1. The closest tumor to a given normal tissue is the tumor developed in that tissue, 2. Two normal tissues define quasi-orthogonal directions, 3. A tumor may have a projection onto its corresponding normal tissue, but it is quasi-orthogonal to all other normal tissues, and 4. The cancer manifold is roughly obtained by translating the normal tissue manifold along an orthogonal direction defined by a global cancer progression axis. These geometrical properties add a new characterization of normal tissues and tumors and may have biological significance. Indeed, normal tissues at the vertices of a high-dimensional simplex could indicate genotype optimization for given tissue functions, and a way of avoiding errors in embryonary development. On the other hand, the cancer progression axis could define relevant pan-cancer genes and seems to be consistent with the atavistic theory of tumors.
Anemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease. The routine use of erthropoietin in anemia control has reduced morbidity and mortality rates in patients with chronic kidney disease. Despite an increase in the use and average dose of recombinant human epoetin over the last 15 years, a substantial percentage of patients still don't achieve hemoglobin targets recommend by international guidelines. The definition of recombinant human epoetin resistance has been introduced to identify those patients in whom the target hemoglobin level is not attained despite a greater than usual dose of erthropoietin stimulating agent. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the relationship between dialysis, increased inflammatory stimulus, malnutrition, and erythropoiesis stimulating agents response. Erythropoiesis stimulating agents hyporesponsiveness was defined by the erythropoietin resistance index, which was the erythropoietin dose per week divided by body weight and Hemoglobin level . The resistance to erythropoiesis stimulating agents is directly related with incident comorbidity in patients on hemodialysis and it can be interpreted as a useful marker of early mortality. Patients with higher erythropoietin resistance index values had a higher all cause mortality rate and cardiovascular mortality rate. Erythropoietin resistance index was related with left ventricular mass index, left ventricle systolic function and cardiovascular events in patients with hemodialysis. By monitoring of erthropoietin resistance index, early identification of the epoetin resistance may be useful to predict the cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients
PURPOSE: Different methods of sagittal alignment assessment compete for predicting adverse events after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. We wanted to study which method provides greater benefit.
METHODS: Retrospective study of 391 patients operated for ASD, with > 6 instrumented levels, fused to the pelvis, and 2 years of follow-up. Three alignment methods were analyzed 6-week postoperatively: (1) Roussouly mismatch; (2) GAP score/GAP categories; (3) T4-L1-Hip axis. Binary logistic regression generated models that best predict the following adverse events: mechanical complications (MC): in general and isolated (PJK, PJF, rod breakage); reinterventions (in general and after MC); and readmissions. ROC/AUC analysis was also implemented. In a second regression round, we added different variables that were selected on univariate analysis-demographic, surgical, and radiographic-to complete the models.
RESULTS: The best predictor parameters in most models were T4-L1PA mismatch and GAP score; we could not prove a predictive ability of the Roussouly mismatch. The T4-L1PA mismatch best predicted general MC, PJK, PJK + PJF, and readmission, while the GAP score best predicted PJF and reinterventions (for MC and for any complication). However, the variance explained by these models was limited (Nagelkerke's R2 = 0.031-0.113), with odds ratios ranging from 1.070 to 1.456. ROC curves plotted an AUC between 0.57 and 0.70. Introducing additional variables (demographic, surgical, and radiographic) improved prediction in all the models (Nagelkerke's R2 = 0.082-0.329) and allowed predicting rod breakage.
CONCLUSION: The T4-L1-Hip axis and GAP score show potential in predicting adverse events, surpassing the Roussouly method. Despite partial efficacy in complication anticipation, recognizing postoperative sagittal alignment as a key modifiable risk factor, the crucial need arises to integrate diverse variables, both modifiable and non-modifiable, for enhanced predictive accuracy.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.
To assess the pharmacologically relevant and selective muscarinic receptor occupancy in the bladder mucosa, we considered not only plasma drug concentrations but also urinary drug concentrations. The purpose of this study was to predict muscarinic receptor occupancy in the human bladder mucosa based on urinary concentrations in response to clinical dosages of antimuscarinic agents used to treat overactive bladder. The calculated mean plasma or serum unbound steady state concentrations were 0.06-11 nM in clinical dosages of five antimuscarinic agents. Urinary concentrations calculated from the mean plasma or serum and renal clearance ranged between 19 nM and 2 μM, which were >10-fold higher than the Ki values for bladder muscarinic receptors excluding propiverine. Bladder mucosal muscarinic receptor occupancy estimated from the urinary concentrations and the Ki values was >90 % at a steady state in clinical dosages of five antimuscarinic agents. The bladder muscarinic receptor occupancy was higher than that in the parotid gland calculated based on the mean plasma or serum unbound concentrations and Ki values for muscarinic receptors in the parotid gland. These results suggest that sufficient and selective muscarinic receptor occupancy by antimuscarinic agents, to exert pharmacological effects, in the bladder mucosa can be predicted using urinary concentrations.
Patients in the conventional, in-person follow-up group will have a planned clinic follow-up at one- and 4-weeks postoperative. This is the follow-up schedule currently used by both surgeons. At these scheduled follow-ups, patients will be asked to complete the VAS to assess pain and the QoR9 questionnaire.