anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy Category C

Teratogenic effects: Acamprosate calcium has been shown to be teratogenic in rats when given in doses that are approximately equal to the human dose (on a mg/m2 basis) and in rabbits when given in doses that are approximately 3 times the human dose (on a mg/m2 basis). Acamprosate calcium produced a dose-related increase in the number of fetuses with malformations in rats at oral doses of 300 mg/kg/day or greater (approximately equal to the maximum recommended human daily (MRHD) oral dose on a mg/m2 basis). The malformations included hydronephrosis, malformed iris, retinal dysplasia, and retroesophageal subclavian artery. No findings were observed at an oral dose of 50 mg/kg/day (approximately one-fifth the MRHD oral dose on a mg/m2 basis). An increased incidence of hydronephrosis was also noted in Burgundy Tawny rabbits at oral doses of 400 mg/kg/day or greater (approximately 3 times the MRHD oral dose on a mg/m2 basis). No developmental effects were observed in New Zealand white rabbits at oral doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day (approximately 8 times the MRHD oral dose on a mg/m2 basis). The findings in animals should be considered in relation to known adverse developmental effects of ethyl alcohol, which include the characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome (craniofacial dysmorphism, intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, retarded psychomotor and intellectual development) and milder forms of neurological and behavioral disorders in humans. There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women. Acamprosate calcium should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Nonteratogenic effects: A study conducted in pregnant mice that were administered acamprosate calcium by the oral route starting on Day 15 of gestation through the end of lactation on postnatal day 28 demonstrated an increased incidence of still-born fetuses at doses of 960 mg/kg/day or greater (approximately 2 times the MRHD oral dose on a mg/m2 basis). No effects were observed at a dose of 320 mg/kg/day (approximately one-half the MRHD dose on a mg/m2 basis).
In controlled, double-masked, multicenter clinical studies, comparing timolol maleate ophthalmic gel forming solution 0.25% to timolol maleate ophthalmic solution 0.25% and timolol maleate ophthalmic gel forming solution 0.5% to timolol maleate ophthalmic solution 0.5%, timolol maleate ophthalmic gel forming solution administered once a day was shown to be equally effective in lowering intraocular pressure as the equivalent concentration of timolol maleate ophthalmic solution administered twice a day. The effect of timolol in lowering intraocular pressure was evident for 24 hours with a single dose of timolol maleate ophthalmic gel forming solution. Repeated observations over a period of six months indicate that the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of timolol maleate ophthalmic gel forming solution was consistent. The results from the largest U.S. and international clinical trials comparing timolol maleate ophthalmic gel forming solution 0.5% to timolol maleate ophthalmic solution 0.5% are shown in Figure 1. 

Timolol maleate ophthalmic gel forming solution administered once daily had a safety profile similar to that of an equivalent concentration of timolol maleate ophthalmic solution administered twice daily. Due to the physical characteristics of the formulation, there was a higher incidence of transient blurred vision in patients administered timolol maleate ophthalmic gel forming solution. A slight reduction in resting heart rate was observed in some patients receiving timolol maleate ophthalmic gel forming solution 0.5% (mean reduction 24 hours post-dose 0.8 beats/minute, mean reduction 2 hours post-dose 3.8 beats/minute) [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. 

Timolol maleate ophthalmic gel forming solution has not been studied in patients wearing contact lenses.
A polypeptide targeting integrin α6 and the use thereof. The polypeptide has a sequence motif of RWYD, and is stronger in affinity, wherein the equilibrium dissociation constant KD reaches the level of nM, and the affinity is greatly improved. The polypeptide has a strong affinity to integrin α6, a strong specificity and no biological toxicity, is relatively stable in vivo and reasonable in distribution, and can be used as a targeting carrier. In addition, the polypeptide targeting integrin α6 can be used as a molecular probe in the molecular imaging of various tumors with highly-expressed integrin α6. Further provided is a dimer of the polypeptide, which has a more significant targeting effect and no biological toxicity. The polypeptide targeting integrin α6 can be used in the molecular imaging of various tumors with highly-expressed integrin α6, and has an important application value in the molecular imaging of tumors.
PCT No. PCT/JP97/02992 Sec. 371 Date May 10, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date May 10, 1999 PCT Filed Aug. 27, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/08514 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 5, 1998An agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of muscle tissue degeneration, containing, as an active ingredient, a quinoline compound of the formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. The prophylactic or therapeutic agent of muscle tissue degeneration of the present invention contains a quinoline compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, and shows remarkable inhibitory or improving action on degeneration of the muscle tissues such as necrosis, fibrosis, calcification and the like. The agent is specifically useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiomyopathy, muscular dystrophy, pulmonary fibrosis and the like.
The prognosis for HFpEF is concerning, marked by significant mortality and frequent hospital readmissions. The exact mechanisms underlying HFpEF remain unresolved. The clinical syndrome arises from intricate interactions among various risk factors, leading to organ dysfunction and clinical symptoms. Common co-morbidities, including atrial fibrillation, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and obesity, may influence HFpEF pathophysiology. Recent discussions suggest an inflammatory-metabolic phenotype in HFpEF, characterized by heightened inflammatory biomarkers, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, microvascular endothelial and vascular dysfunction, atherosclerosis, consequently leading to significant myocardial damage. However, there is still a lack of clinical risk predictors associated with metabolic phenotype within HFpEF.

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of parameters reflecting the metabolic phenotype, coronary microvascular dysfunction in HFpEF and establish their correlation with clinical outcomes. The objective is to identify novel predictors for adverse prognosis in HFpEF, potentially serving as targets for drug therapy. This research aims to pave the way for targeted drug interventions in cardiometabolic diseases, offering new avenues for therapeutic approaches.
Virtual asynchronous training and periodic one-on-one counseling with a clinical diabetes educator, either a Registered Nurse (RN) or Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN). The program was recognized by the American Diabetes Association during this study. The intervention included 8 hours of online diabetes education, 30 minute 1:1 virtual education and counseling with a diabetes educator, and 3 and 6-month follow-ups.
Up to 300 adolescents, aged 16-25, who vape, do not smoke regularly, and want to quit vaping will be enrolled; approximately 225 eligible participants will be randomly assigned to a double blind, placebo-controlled intervention consisting of (1) varenicline or (2) identical placebo, up to 1 mg bid for 12 weeks, plus behavioral and texting support for adolescent vaping cessation or to (3) monitoring only. The primary comparison of interest is the double blind, placebo-controlled efficacy comparison of those assigned to (1) varenicline vs (2) placebo on vaping abstinence outcomes. The secondary comparison of placebo plus behavioral and texting support vs. monitoring only will estimate the efficacy of behavioral and texting support for vaping cessation in this population. The secondary comparison of varenicline plus behavioral and texting support vs monitoring only will estimate of the efficacy of varenicline treatment plus behavioral and texting support for vaping cessation in this population vs no treatment, the most common vaping cessation intervention. All participants will complete enrollment and baseline visits, and six monthly assessment visits. Those assigned to double blind intervention (study arms 1 or 2) will also complete 12 weekly behavioral support sessions. Assessors will be blind to intervention assignment (arm 1 or 2) vs monitoring only (arm 3) assignment. Among those assigned to an intervention arm, study staff and participants will be blind to active varenicline vs placebo assignment, such that among those assigned to intervention (arm 1 or 2), assignment to study drug will be double blind. For those assigned a double blind intervention arm, study staff will distribute varenicline or identical appearing placebo and give instructions use at weeks 0, 2, 4 and 8. Participants will be asked to bring all empty and unused study medication at each in-person study visit through Week 12. The enrollment visit will consist of questionnaires, diagnostic assessments, vitals, saliva and urine samples. The baseline visit will consist of questionnaires, a saliva sample for cotinine concentration, and randomization. Monthly visits will consist of interviews, questionnaires and a saliva and urine sample. Weekly treatment meetings for participants assigned to arms 1 or 2 will consist of cognitive behavioral support and questionnaires.
BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection (SSI) is an important cause of disease burden and healthcare costs. Fully manual surveillance is time-consuming and prone to subjectivity and inter-individual variability, which can be partly overcome by semi-automated surveillance. Algorithms used in orthopaedic SSI semi-automated surveillance have reported high sensitivity and important workload reduction. This study aimed to design and validate different algorithms to identify patients at high risk of SSI after hip or knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: Retrospective data from manual SSI surveillance between May 2015 and December 2017 were used as gold standard for validation. Knee and hip arthroplasty were included, patients were followed up for 90 days and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control SSI classification was applied. Electronic health records data was used to generate different algorithms, considering combinations of the following variables: ≥1 positive culture, ≥ 3 microbiological requests, antimicrobial therapy ≥ 7 days, length of hospital stay ≥ 14 days, orthopaedics readmission, orthopaedics surgery and emergency department attendance. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and predictive value, and workload reduction were calculated.
RESULTS: In total 1631 surgical procedures were included, of which 67.5% (n = 1101) in women; patients' median age was 69 years (IQR 62 to 77) and median Charlson index 2 (IQR 1 to 3). Most surgeries were elective (92.5%; n = 1508) and half were hip arthroplasty (52.8%; n = 861). SSI incidence was 3.8% (n = 62), of which 64.5% were deep or organ/space infections. Positive culture was the single variable with highest sensitivity (64.5%), followed by orthopaedic reintervention (59.7%). Twenty-four algorithms presented 90.3% sensitivity for all SSI types and 100% for deep and organ/space SSI. Workload reduction ranged from 59.7 to 67.7%. The algorithm including ≥ 3 microbiological requests, length of hospital stay ≥ 14 days and emergency department attendance, was one of the best options in terms of sensitivity, workload reduction and feasibility for implementation.
CONCLUSIONS: Different algorithms with high sensitivity to detect all types of SSI can be used in real life, tailored to clinical practice and data availability. Emergency department attendance can be an important variable to identify superficial SSI in semi-automated surveillance.
Blood clots and blockage of blood vessels are the most serious side effects of taking oral contraceptives and can be fatal. In particular, a clot in the legs can cause thrombophlebitis and a clot that travels to the lungs can cause a sudden blocking of the vessel carrying blood to the lungs. Rarely, clots occur in the blood vessels of the eye and may cause blindness, double vision, or impaired vision.

If you take oral contraceptives and need elective surgery, need to stay in bed for a prolonged illness, or have recently delivered a baby, you may be at risk of developing blood clots. You should consult your doctor about stopping oral contraceptives three to four weeks before surgery and not taking oral contraceptives for two weeks after surgery or during bed rest. You should also not take oral contraceptives soon after delivery of a baby or a midtrimester pregnancy termination. It is advisable to wait for at least four weeks after delivery if you are not breast-feeding. If you are breast-feeding, you should wait until you have weaned your child before using the pill. (See also the section on breast-feeding in GENERAL PRECAUTIONS)
Medical imaging device- and display-invariant segmentation and measurement is provided. In various embodiments, a plurality of medical images is read from a data store. Metadata of each of the plurality of medical images is read. The metadata identifies an image acquisition device associated with each of the plurality of medical images. Based on the plurality of medical images and the metadata of each of the plurality of images, a learning system is trained to determine one or more image correction parameters. The one or more image correction parameters optimize segmentation of the plurality of medical images.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by an abrupt decline of excretory kidney function. The incidence of AKI has increased in the past decades. Patients diagnosed with AKI often undergo diverse clinical trajectories, such as early or late recovery, relapses, and even a potential transition from AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although recent clinical studies have demonstrated a strong association between AKI and progression of CKD, our understanding of the complex relationship between AKI and CKD is still evolving. No cohort study has succeeded in painting a comprehensive picture of these multi-faceted pathways. To address this lack of understanding, the idea of acute kidney disease (AKD) has recently been proposed. This presents a new perspective to pinpoint a period of heightened vulnerability following AKI, during which a patient could witness a substantial decline in glomerular filtration rate, ultimately leading to CKD transition. Although AKI is included in a range of kidney conditions collectively known as AKD, spanning from mild and self-limiting to severe and persistent, AKD can also occur without a rapid onset usually seen in AKI, such as when kidney dysfunction slowly evolves. In the present review, we summarize the most recent findings about AKD, explore the current state of biomarker discovery related to AKD, discuss the latest insights into pathophysiological underpinnings of AKI to CKD transition, and reflect on therapeutic challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
PURPOSE: Provided is an anticonvulsant material isolated from the root of Angelica dahurica Benth. et Hook to inhibit the activity of GABA-T. It is used for a therapeutic agent for seizures, convulsions, epilepsy and the like. CONSTITUTION: An anticonvulsant material is isolated from the extract of the root of Angelica dahurica Benth. et Hook, and inhibits the activity of GABA-T. The extract is obtained by using ethylacetate, n-butanol and water, and the anticonvulsant material is imperatorine and/or falcarindiol. A pharmaceutical composition for treatment of seizures, convulsions, epilepsy and the like contains the anticonvulsant material as an active ingredient.
The effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) vapor on inflammation and mucin secretion on asthmatics remain insufficiently explored. This study investigated the effects of e-cigarette vapor on allergic inflammation, cytokine production, and MUC5AC/5B expression in murine asthma model. Airway hyperresponsiveness was significantly higher in the e-cigarette-exposed ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization group than in the control, e-cigarette exposure, and OVA sensitization groups. The e-cigarette-exposed OVA sensitization group showed significantly greater infiltration of inflammatory cells and Th2-mediated inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-4 and -5) compared to the control, e-cigarette exposure, and OVA sensitization groups. MUC5AC mucin levels were significantly elevated in the e-cigarette exposure, OVA sensitization, and e-cigarette-exposed OVA sensitization groups, whereas MUC5B mucin levels were significantly elevated in the OVA sensitization and e-cigarette-exposed OVA sensitization groups. The results may suggest that the exposure to e-cigarette vapor in an asthmatics promoted allergic inflammation and increased mucin secretion, ultimately leading to the exacerbation of asthma.
PURPOSE:To obtain the subject compound having antiviral activity in high efficiency by coupling a 1-thioglycoside derivative with a pyrimidine base in the presence of an activation agent. CONSTITUTION:The objective compound of formula III or formula IV is produced by coupling a phenyl-2,3-dideoxy-1-thio-D-glycero-pentofuranoside of formula I (R is silyl) with a pyrimidine base of formula II (R<1> is methyl or ethyl; X is O, NH or N-acetyl; R<2> is H or methyl) in the presence of an activation agent (e.g. N-bromosuccinimide) in an aprotic organic solvent (e.g. dichloromethane) in an inert gas atmosphere (e.g. argon) at -100 to 0 deg.C. The amount of the activation agent is 1-2mol based on 1mol of the compound of formula I and the pyrimidine base is preferably bistrimethylsilyl compound of N-acetylcytosine.
Administer SYNTHROID as a single daily dose, on an empty stomach, one-half to one hour before breakfast.

Administer SYNTHROID at least 4 hours before or after drugs known to interfere with SYNTHROID absorption [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].

Evaluate the need for dose adjustments when regularly administering within one hour of certain foods that may affect SYNTHROID absorption [see Drug Interactions (7.9) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Administer SYNTHROID to infants and children who cannot swallow intact tablets by crushing the tablet, suspending the freshly crushed tablet in a small amount (5 to 10 mL or 1 to 2 teaspoons) of water and immediately administering the suspension by spoon or dropper. Do not store the suspension. Do not administer in foods that decrease absorption of SYNTHROID, such as soybean-based infant formula [see Drug Interactions (7.9)].
INTRODUCTION: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer that commonly arises in the background of chronic liver inflammation and/or cirrhosis. Chronic liver inflammation results in the production of different growth factors, remodeling of the microenvironment architecture into fibrosis, and eventually carcinogenesis. Overexpression of some growth factors has been associated with worse prognosis in patients with HCC. Targeted therapies against growth factors may disrupt cell signaling and the mechanisms that allow for cell survival (e.g. angiogenesis, proliferation, metastases).
AREAS COVERED: We herein review potential growth factor targets of HCC and the limited research that exists regarding targeted therapy of these ligands and their receptors. We performed an extensive literature search to investigate preclinical studies, clinical research, and clinical trials.
EXPERT OPINION: Systemic therapy for patients with HCC is continuing to evolve. Anti-angiogenic therapy holds the most promise among targeted therapy for growth factors among patients with HCC. Improving our understanding of growth factors in HCC will hopefully lead to the development of new targeted therapies and strategies for combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
PURPOSE: To produce the microcapsule by forming an emulsion from an aq. soln. containing a dissolved gelatin, CMC and other anionic colloid, then forming a coacervate by acidifying a pH of the emulsion. CONSTITUTION: The emulsion of a hydrophobic oil is formed by adjusting the pH of an aqueous phase containing the dissolved gelatin, CMC and the second anionic colloid. After sticking the liquid coacervate around an emulsion droplet by adjusting the emulsion acidic, the microcapsule having a solid wall containing more than one droplet of the hydrophobic oil is formed by cooling. Then the material having a weight ratio of gelatin: CMC in a range of (1:0.14)-(1:0.05) is prepared by using the CMC having 50-140 mPas viscosity, and the solid wall of the microcapsule is crosslinked by using this material to make the microcapsule durable.
PURPOSE: A novel PEDV epitope protein and a PEDV vaccine composition containing the same are provided to prevent or to enable vaccine production. CONSTITUTION: A PEDV(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus) epitope protein is denoted by sequence number 1. A PEDV antigen contains the epitope. A recombinant vector contains a gene encoding the epitope protein. The gene encoding the epitope protein contains a base sequence of sequence number 2. The recombinant vector additionally contains a gene encoding an amino acid of sequence number 4. A transformant transformed by the recombinant vector is Agrobacterium, E.coli, or transgenic plant. A PEDV vaccine composition contains the transformant, protein extract, or recombinant PEDV epitope protein isolated from the transformant.
Participants will include the same card in experimental group 2 with the addition of a personal endorsement by the patient's health care provider in the form of a standardized letter signed by the physician. Participants will be asked to provide their email so a reminder about the Internet depression site can be emailed to them at 1 week and 2 weeks.
In case of real or suspected overdose, seek medical attention or contact a Poison Control Center immediately. Careful medical management is essential. Based upon the known hemodynamic effects of dipyridamole, symptoms such as warm feeling, flushes, sweating, restlessness, feeling of weakness and dizziness may occur. A drop in blood pressure and tachycardia might also be observed.

Symptomatic treatment is recommended, possibly including a vasopressor drug. Gastric lavage should be considered. Administration of xanthine derivatives (e.g., aminophylline) may reverse the hemodynamic effects of dipyridamole overdose. Since dipyridamole is highly protein bound, dialysis is not likely to be of benefit.