anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
A compound represented by the general formula (I) where Ar1 represents an aryl or heteroaryl which may be substituted. The substituent being selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, lower alkyl, halo(lower)alkyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, cyclo(lower)alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, halo(lower)alkoxy, lower alkylthio, carboxyl, lower alkanoyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower alkylene optionally substituted with oxo, and a group represented by formula of -Q-Ar2. Ar2 represents an aryl or heteroaryl which may be substituted, the substituent being selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, lower alkyl, halo(lower)alkyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, halo(lower)alkoxy, lower alkylamino, di-lower alkylamino, lower alkanoyl and aryl; n represents 0 or 1. Q represents a single bond or carbonyl. T, U, V and W each independently represent a nitrogen atom or a methine group which may have a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, lower alkyl, hydroxy and lower alkoxy, wherein at least two of which represent said methine group. X represents nitrogen. Y represents an imino which may be substituted with a lower alkyl, or oxygen; and a salt or ester thereof. A compound represented by the general formula (I-a): where Ar1, Ar2 and Q is as described previously in general formula I, and R1 represents hydrogen or halogen. A compound represented by the general formula (I-b) where Ar1, Ar2, Q, T, U, V and W is as described previously in general formula. An agent for the treatment of bulimia, obesity or diabetes
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the high-grade service in a simple constitution by reading the user interface information out of a data base and to attain an access to the medical information when the user identification information is proper. SOLUTION: An NC(network computer) 3 and a server 2 are connected to a public communication network 1 such as an internet or an ISDN, etc. The NCs 4 are divided into groups 5 to 7 which are prepared at the user houses, the medical institutions such as hospitals, clinics, etc., and various service institutions like the public facilities, stores, etc. The server 2 of a medical information service company can be accessed by each NC 4 via the network 1 and has a data base 3. When the user identification information inputted from an NC is proper, the server 2 reads the user interface information out of the data base 3 and supplies an application program and the data which are necessary for the NCs 4. Thus, the relevant user can access the medical information.
BACKGROUND: Pediatric cancer survivors (PCS) with overweight and obesity are at risk for various secondary chronic diseases. Although previous research has found physical activity (PA) as beneficial after treatment, the PA levels are low among PCS, highlighting the need for lifestyle interventions targeting PA.
METHODS: A secondary analysis of preliminary baseline data from a multi-site trial, NOURISH-T + , a healthy lifestyle intervention for PCS with overweight and obesity, and their caregivers, was conducted to assess factors related to PCS PA (i.e., moderate to vigorous intensity PA, MVPA). Kendall's Tau-b was used to assess correlations between PCS MVPA, health and treatment-related factors, and caregivers' sedentary behavior and MVPA. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to assess the differences between PCS and caregiver sedentary behavior and MVPA. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of PCS MVPA.
RESULTS: Seventy-three PCS-caregiver dyads were included in this analysis (N = 146). Many of the PCS were female, diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, stage 1, with a mean body mass index (BMI) percentile of 94.4 ± 4.7. Caregivers were female and parents to the PCS. Significant correlations were found between PCS MVPA, time since treatment, PCS weight change since COVID, caregiver sedentary behavior and MVPA. Significant differences were observed between PCS and caregiver sedentary behavior and MVPA. Household income, radiation treatment, and caregiver MVPA were significant predictors of PCS MVPA.   Conclusions: Demographics, cancer treatment type, and caregiver role modeling are important factors to consider when developing future lifestyle interventions for PCS. (NCT04656496, registered 12-07-2020).
WHAT IS KNOWN: • Parents/caregivers are presumed to be a potential influence on their children's physical activity What is new: • Parents/caregivers' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is the strongest predictor of their children's (pediatric cancer survivors') physical activity.
The efficacy and safety of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in treating functional constipation were evaluated in a four-week randomized, double-blind clinical trial on 63 patients who met Rome IV criteria (34 GOS, 29 placebo group). The number of bowel movements per day and changes in the shape of bowel movements in the treatment group significantly improved compared to those in the control group after four weeks. The Patient Assessment Constipation Quality of Life questionnaire showed that satisfaction with constipation significantly increased in the treatment group. The levels of Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp. significantly increased after four weeks of GOS treatment compared to those measured at baseline. No significant adverse drug reactions were identified in any indicator except for pulse rate. Thus, the prebiotic GOS can be safely used in foods and pharmaceuticals to alleviate symptoms of functional constipation by improving the intestinal flora.
PURPOSE:To enhance selective adsorptivity for a VIII th blood coagulation factor by forming an adsorbate for purifying the VIII th blood coagulation factor from water-insoluble porous gel having sulfuric ester groups on a part of its surface and 800,000-100,000,000 exclusion limit mol.wt. CONSTITUTION:An adsorbate for purifying the VIII th blood coagulation factor is formed from water-insoluble porous gel having sulfuric ester groups on at least a part of its surface and 800,000-100,000,000 exclusion limit mol.wt. The water-insoluble porous gel is preferably constituted of a compd. contg. OH groups, and the sulfuric ester groups are preferably introduced by the esterification of the OH groups of the water-insoluble porous gel having OH groups with sulfuric acid. After adsorbing the VII th blood coagulation factor by treating a soln. contg. the VIII th blood coagulation factor with the above described adsorbate, the blood coagulation factor is recovered by eluting the blood coagulation factor.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a clinical condition characterized by the progressive loss of kidney function. 10% of the world's population is affected by this condition, which represents the fifth leading cause of death globally. Furthermore, CKD is associated with increased risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, and progression to end-stage renal disease. Over the last twenty years, an exponential growth in its prevalence and incidence has been observed. For this reason, various drugs have been developed and implemented in clinical practice, with various mechanisms, with the aim of reducing and minimizing this dramatic "cardio-renal" risk. These include SGLT2 inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and endothelin receptor antagonists. However, a large proportion of CKD patients do not respond sufficiently to these treatments. GLP-1 receptor agonists represent a class of antidiabetic and nephroprotective drugs that are very promising in improving the prognosis of patients with CKD, especially if associated with one of the above-mentioned classes. In this article, we discuss the direct and indirect mechanisms through which one of the GLP-1 agonists, semaglutide, ensures nephro- and cardioprotection in patients with CKD and type 2 diabetes.
BACKGROUND: Vocal fold nodules are the most common etiology of chronic dysphonia in the pediatric population. Voice therapy is an effective first line of treatment, with increasing evidence supporting the use of telepractice in speech pathology. Despite this, there is limited data on its effectiveness in the pediatric population. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of telepractice in delivering voice therapy to children diagnosed with vocal fold nodules.
METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of patients treated with virtual voice therapy from April 2020 to June 2021. Patients were included if diagnosed with vocal fold nodules, 2-18 years of age, and completed therapy in a virtual format. Data includes demographics, Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) scores and pediatric Voice Handicap Index (pVHI) scores.
RESULTS: Twenty-three children were included, 17 (74%) male and six (26%) female (with an age range of 2.4-9.9 years at the start of therapy). Prior to treatment, the average CAPE-V Overall Severity score was 37.9 (SD 13.8); the average posttreatment score was 22.4 (SD 10.2). The average pVHI total score prior to treatment was 26.3 (SD 12.1), with an average posttreatment score of 20.2 (SD 11.7). Patients who underwent virtual voice therapy had improved posttreatment CAPE-V severity scores than those prior to treatment (average difference = -15.5 points; 95% CI: -8.3 to -22.7; P < 0.001). An increased number of therapy sessions was associated with both higher initial CAPE-V severity scores (r = 0.72; P < 0.01) and a greater decrease in posttreatment CAPE-V scores (r = -0.55; P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Virtual voice therapy may be feasible and efficacious in treating dysphonic children diagnosed with vocal fold nodules. Significant improvements were found in perceptual CAPE-V scores in overall severity; positive changes were also seen in parental measures of quality of life. Delivery of voice therapy in a telehealth format may increase access of care and should be considered as a treatment option.
Thrombocytopenia (defined as a platelet count <150×109/L) is a common condition in preterm neonates and may occur in 18-35% of all infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Neonatal platelet functionality in terms of reactivity is often described as reduced compared to adults, even in healthy, term neonates. However, this platelet "hyporeactivity" does not correspond to a global functional impairment of the normal delicately balanced neonatal hemostatic system. The extent to which neonatal thrombocytopenia and platelet hyporeactivity contribute to the bleeding risk in preterm neonates remains unknown. Prophylactic platelet transfusions are often administered to them to reduce the risk of bleeding. However, recent literature indicates that adopting a higher platelet transfusion threshold than a lower one results in significantly higher death rates or major bleeding and can be harmful. Although the mechanism by which this occurs is not entirely clear, a mismatch between adult transfused platelets and the neonatal hemostatic system, as well as volume overload, are speculated to be potentially involved. Therefore, future research should consider novel transfusion products that may be more suitable for premature neonates. Blood products derived from umbilical cord blood (UCB) are promising, as they might perfectly match neonatal blood features. Here, we discuss the current knowledge about UCB-derived products, focusing on UCB-derived platelet concentrates and their potential for future clinical application. We will discuss how they may overcome the potential risks of transfusing adult-derived platelets to premature infants while maintaining efficacy.
BACKGROUND Several factors have been reported as possible predictors of intestinal necrosis in patients with portal venous gas (PVG). We describe potential indicators of intestinal necrosis in PVG identified by contrasting 3 episodes of PVG in a patient on hemodialysis against previously verified factors. CASE REPORT An 82-year-old woman undergoing hemodialysis was admitted to our hospital thrice for acute abdominal pain. On first admission, she was alert, with a body temperature of 36.3°C, blood pressure (BP) of 125/53 mmHg, pulse rate of 60/min, respiratory rate of 18/min, and 100% oxygen saturation on room air. Computed tomography (CT) revealed PVG, intestinal distension, poor bowel wall enhancement, bubble-like pneumatosis in the intestinal wall, and minimal ascites. PVG caused by intestinal ischemia was diagnosed, and she recovered after bowel rest and hydration. Three months later, she had a second episode of abdominal pain. BP was 115/56 mmHg. CT revealed PVG and a slight accumulation of ascites, without pneumatosis in the intestinal wall. She again recovered after conservative measures. Ten months later, the patient experienced a third episode of abdominal pain, with BP of 107/52 mmHg. CT imaging indicated PVG, considerable ascites, and linear pneumatosis of the intestinal walls. Despite receiving conservative treatment, the patient died. CONCLUSIONS A large accumulation of ascites and linear pneumatosis in the intestinal walls could be potential indicators of intestinal necrosis in patients with PVG caused by intestinal ischemia. As previously reported, hypotension was further confirmed to be a reliable predictor of intestinal necrosis.
Subjects undergoing elective ERCP and EUS will receive standard monitoring and sedation. In addition, capnography which measures carbon dioxide levels and can graphically assess respiratory activity will be used. Subjects will be randomized to either a capnography blinded or titration arm. In the capnography titration arm, the endoscopy team would be made aware of capnographic abnormalities as they arise throughout the procedure. In the capnography blinded arm, this information will not be available to the endoscopy team and represents standard of care. It is our hypothesis that using capnography can prevent low oxygen levels known as hypoxemia, during these procedures. The primary outcome of our study is the proportion of patients with hypoxemia in the two arms. Review of the literature indicates that the incidence of hypoxemia without supplemental oxygen varies from 30-70%. Our sample size calculation is based on a reduction of the hypoxemia incidence from 40% to 20%. Secondary outcomes will be the proportions of patients with oxygen requirements, major hypoxemia and apnea (lack of respiratory activity via capnography for at least 15 seconds) in the two arms. We will perform a univariable and multivariable analysis to determine the risk factors for apnea.
Machine learning (ML): A mixed data set of 200 WB-MRI scans comprising scans obtained from 40 healthy volunteers (scanned for the purposes of the study), 40 previously acquired inactive myeloma WB-MRI scans and 120 previously acquired active myeloma WB-MRI scans, in which machine learning and convolutional neural networks will be trained to recognise healthy marrow, treated inactive previous myeloma and active myeloma. An algorithm will be developed for testing in phase 2.
In this study, we used a waiting list control group. During the 4 weeks follow-up period, participants from the MDD waiting-list group had no contact with participants from the MDD EA intervention group and no access to the EA intervention. After the 4 weeks follow-up period, patients in the waiting list group received access to the EA intervention.
This study has 3 arms with 5 patients enrolled in each of the three arms. The three treatment arms are based upon whether the patient has previously received Abraxane-Gemcitabine or FOLFIRINOX or single-agent Gemcitabine without radiographic evidence of disease progression for a minimum of 8 weeks , based on the investigator's opinion, but with a rising Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) levels. Rising CA 19-9 is defined as an increased over baseline of \> 20% in two consecutive time points within 8 days of each other. Study sites will provide all chemotherapy for patients participating in the study as a "standard of care". DSF/Cu (Disulfiram + Copper Gluconate) will be provided by the Sponsor and shipped from the Sponsor's central depot to the study sites. Sufficient amounts of DSF/Cu will be available at the study site prior to enrolling patients in the study.
Epilepsy is a prevalent chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures and brain dysfunction. Existing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) mainly act on neurons and provide symptomatic control of seizures, but they do not modify the progression of epilepsy and may cause serious adverse effects. Increasing evidence suggests that reactive astrogliosis is critical in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. However, the function of reactive astrocytes in epilepsy has not been thoroughly explored. To provide a new perspective on the role of reactive astrocytes in epileptogenesis, we identified human astrocyte-specific genes and found 131 of these genes significantly differentially expressed in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) datasets. Multiple astrocytic functions, such as cell adhesion, cell morphogenesis, actin filament-based process, apoptotic cell clearance and response to oxidative stress, were found to be promoted. Moreover, multiple altered astrocyte-specific genes were enriched in phagocytosis, perisynaptic astrocyte processes (PAPs), plasticity, and synaptic functions. Nine hub genes (ERBB2, GFAP, NOTCH2, ITGAV, ABCA1, AQP4, LRP1, GJA1, and YAP1) were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The correlation between the expression of these hub genes and seizure frequency, as well as epilepsy-related factors, including inflammatory mediators, complement factors, glutamate excitotoxicity and astrocyte reactivity, were analyzed. Additionally, upstream transcription factors of the hub genes were predicted. Finally, astrogliosis and the expression of the hub genes were validated in an epileptic rat model. Our findings reveal the various changes in astrocyte function associated with epilepsy and provide candidate astrocyte-specific genes that could be potential antiepileptogenic targets.
A single dose of 8 mg of tizanidine reduces muscle tone in patients with spasticity for a period of several hours. The effect peaks at approximately 1 to 2 hours and dissipates between 3 to 6 hours. Effects are dose-related. 

Although single doses of less than 8 mg have not been demonstrated to be effective in controlled clinical studies, the dose-related nature of tizanidine’s common adverse events make it prudent to begin treatment with single oral doses of 4 mg. Increase the dose gradually (2 to 4 mg steps) to optimum effect (satisfactory reduction of muscle tone at a tolerated dose).

The dose can be repeated at 6 to 8 hour intervals, as needed, to a maximum of three doses in 24 hours. The total daily dose should not exceed 36 mg. 

Experience with single doses exceeding 8 mg and daily doses exceeding 24 mg is limited. There is essentially no experience with repeated, single, daytime doses greater than 12 mg or total daily doses greater than 36 mg (see WARNINGS). 

Food has complex effects on tizanidine pharmacokinetics, which differ with the different formulations. These pharmacokinetic differences may result in clinically significant differences when switching administration of the tablet between the fed or fasted state. These changes may result in increased adverse events or delayed/more rapid onset of activity, depending upon the nature of the switch. For this reason, the prescriber should be thoroughly familiar with the changes in kinetics associated with these different conditions (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pharmacokinetics).
1. Stent-in-stent (SIS) placement Following negotiation of both intrahepatic bile ducts (IHD) by two guidewires, inserted 1st stent to left IHD side. The central portion of the 1st stent was crossed over the right-side guide wire to access the contralateral ductal system across the central cross-wired portion using the right-side guide wire as a target. After deployment of the 1st stent across the hilar stricture, the remaining guide wire across the 1st stent was carefully withdrawn using an ERCP catheter without pulling it back completely. Then that guidewie was inserted under fluoroscopic guidance into the undrained right IHD through the central portion of the 1st stent. The 2nd cross-wired stent was then introduced over a guidewire through the central open mesh and then was deployed into the right IHD, so that the central portion of the 2nd stent overlapped the central portion of the 1st stent, forming a Y-shape. If selective insertion of a guide wire into the left IHD was difficult at first, the guidewire and the 1st stent were inserted into the right IHD first and then attempts were made to insert the guide wire and a stent into the left IHD. If contralateral guide wire cannulation failed after the 1st stent placement, the stricture was dilated up to 4 or 6 mm using a balloon catheter (Hurricane biliary balloon dilatation catheter; Boston Scientific) over the guide wire. Alternatively, a second intervention for contralateral stent placement was allowed 2-3 days after expansion of the 1st endoscopic stent.
2. Side-by-side (SBS) placement Bilateral SBS stent placement was performed as follows. The stricture was first negotiated by inserting a guidewire into both IHD using the same method. Following the introduction of these two guidewires, the first stent was pushed and deployed into the left hepatic duct as possible, and then subsequently the second stent was pushed and deployed into the right hepatic duct, using the same method. During the deployment of the first stent, the second stent was preloaded on a guidewire to facilitate the bilateral SBS stent placement. Endoscopic dilatation of stricture before deployment of stents has not been routinely performed in primary procedures. In tight stricture during a guidewire manipulation, pneumatic biliary balloon dilation prior to insertion of first stent was performed. All stents were positioned above the level of the papilla, with their distal ends at the same level as possible. The diameter of the stent used in each case (8 or 10 mm) depended on the maximum diameter of the common bile duct (CBD).
QTL mapping combined with genome-wide association studies, revealed a potential candidate gene for  resistance to northern leaf blight in the tropical CATETO-related maize line YML226, providing a basis for marker-assisted selection of maize varieties Northern leaf blight (NLB) is a foliar disease that can cause severe yield losses in maize. Identifying and utilizing NLB-resistant genes is the most effective way to prevent and control this disease. In this study, five important inbred lines of maize were used as parental lines to construct a multi-parent population for the identification of NLB-resistant loci. QTL mapping and GWAS analysis revealed that QTL qtl_YML226_1, which had the largest phenotypic variance explanation (PVE) of 9.28%, and SNP 5-49,193,921 were co-located in the CATETO-related line YML226. This locus was associated with the candidate gene Zm00001d014471, which encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein. In the coding region of Zm00001d014471, YML226 had more specific SNPs than the other parental lines. qRT-PCR showed that the relative expressions of Zm00001d014471 in inoculated and uninoculated leaves of YML226 were significantly higher, indicating that the expression of the candidate gene was correlated with NLB resistance. The analysis showed that the higher expression level in YML226 might be caused by SNP mutations. This study identified NLB resistance candidate loci and genes in the tropical maize inbred line YML226 derived from the CATETO germplasm, thereby providing a theoretical basis for using modern marker-assisted breeding techniques to select genetic resources resistant to NLB.
EPI01 Formulation B (slow reelase): 3 capsules each containing decitabine (5 mg) and THU (250 mg) administered under fasting conditions. Single oral administration with 250mL of water.