anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: Coccydynia, characterized by persistent pain in the coccygeal region, significantly impacts patients' quality of life. While various treatment modalities exist, including conservative measures and surgical interventions like coccygectomy, optimal management remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes, functional improvements, and quality of life in patients with chronic coccydynia undergoing either infiltrative treatment or coccygectomy.
METHODS: Data from patients treated at our institution from January 2018 to December 2022 were analyzed. Participants meeting inclusion criteria were divided into two groups: Group A underwent coccygectomy, while Group B received conservative therapy. Clinical assessments, radiographic evaluations, and patient-reported outcomes were collected preoperatively and at follow-up intervals.
RESULTS: Of the 223 initially examined patients, 55 met inclusion criteria. Group A (n = 21) underwent coccygectomy, while Group B (n = 34) received conservative therapy. Both groups showed significant pain reduction post-intervention, with sustained improvement in Group A. Functional outcomes favoured Group A, with significant improvements in disability and quality of life measures. Complications were minimal, with only one case of superficial wound infection in Group A.
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that coccygectomy provides superior and lasting pain relief, functional improvement, and quality of life improvement compared to conservative therapy. While complications were minimal, further research with larger cohorts is warranted to validate these results and explore long-term outcomes. Despite its historical association with complications, advancements in surgical techniques and perioperative care have led to improved outcomes and reduced complication rates. Thus, coccygectomy should be considered in the treatment algorithm for patients with debilitating coccydynia.
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves applying the following way of treatment to heavily ill patients at burn shock state. Solutions are infused into central vein during the first 6 h of CWD. The solutions are Dalarginum 1-2 mg, Instenon 1-2 ml/day, Actovegin 500-1000 mg/day, 10% Mildronate 4- 6 ml. After achieving positive values of CWD, 0.01% Clophelinum solution is infused through the second system in the amount of 0.5-1.5 ml (at a rate of 0.4mg/kg/h) at the same time. Intravenous laser blood irradiation is carried out with helium-neon laser having output power of 2 mW during the second 6 h into the central vein. After therapy patient being taken out of burn shock state, Clophelinum is cancelled. To continue the neurovegetative protection treatment, 5% Pentamin solution is injected at a dose of 0.3-0.7 ml 4 times a day for 14-35 days, infusion of solutions is carried out with Dalarginum 1-2 mg in 1-2 ml once a day during 7-14 days, Instenon 1-2 ml/day during 7-14 days, Actoveginum 500-1000 mg once a day during 14-35 days, 10% Mildronate 4-6 ml once a day from the first to fourteenth day. Intravenous laser irradiation blood treatments are carried out as a course of 5-7 treatments during 7-10 days. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment; avoided adverse side effects.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep deprivation is a potential risk factor for metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the impacts of moderate chronic sleep deprivation on glucose and lipid homeostasis in adult rats.
METHODS: Wistar rats (both sexes) were sleep-perturbed daily for 2 hours at the early (06:00-08:00) and the late light cycle (16:00-18:00) five days a week (except weekends) for 4 weeks.
RESULTS: Sleep perturbation (SP) resulted in reduced body weight gain in both sexes, associated with altered food intake and reduced adiposity. SP did not alter the short- or long-term memories or cause anxiogenic behavior. No major changes were observed in the plasma insulin, leptin, triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids, and blood glucose upon SP. After SP, females exhibited a transitory glucose intolerance, while males became glucose intolerant at the end of the experimental period. Male rats also developed higher insulin sensitivity at the end of the SP protocol. Morphometric analyses revealed no changes in hepatic glycogen deposition, pancreatic islet mass, islet-cell distribution, or adrenal cortex thickness in SP rats from both sexes, except for lower adipocyte size compared with controls. We did not find homogeneous changes in the relative expression of circadian and metabolic genes in muscle or hepatic tissues from the SP rats.
CONCLUSIONS: Moderate chronic SP reduces visceral adiposity and causes glucose intolerance with a more pronounced impact on male rats, reinforcing the metabolic risks of exposure to sleep disturbances.
Bendamustine hydrochloride caused severe myelosuppression (Grade 3-4) in 98% of patients in the two NHL studies [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Three patients (2%) died from myelosuppression-related adverse reactions; one each from neutropenic sepsis, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage with Grade 3 thrombocytopenia, and pneumonia from an opportunistic infection (CMV).

Monitor complete blood counts, including leukocytes, platelets, hemoglobin (Hgb), and neutrophils frequently. In the clinical trials, blood counts were monitored every week initially. Hematologic nadirs were observed predominantly in the third week of therapy. Myelosuppression may require dose delays and/or subsequent dose reductions if recovery to the recommended values has not occurred by the first day of the next scheduled cycle. Prior to the initiation of the next cycle of therapy, the ANC should be ≥ 1 x 109/L and the platelet count should be ≥ 75 x 109/L [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and (2.3)].
Cancer-Related Fatigue (CRF) is one of the common distressed symptoms that leukemia patients experienced during the period of chemotherapy. Exercise is the most effective non-pharmacologic treatment but inpatients refuse to do exercise in clinical settings in Taiwan. Decreased physical activity may increase the intensity of fatigue and degenerate the physical fitness; however, there is no study to explore the trajectories of fatigue and physical fitness for leukemia patient during hospitalization. Therefore, the purposes of this study are to (1) explore the severity of symptom of leukemia patients experienced before and after chemotherapy in hospital, (2) investigate the trajectories of the fatigue and physical fitness, and their related factors, and (3) the correlation between fatigue and physical fitness. A longitudinal designed study will be conducted to recruit the leukemia patients in a medical center in Taipei. Eligible patients are those will be going to receive chemotherapy and in hospital at least one week. Time periods for data collection will be in the first 48 hours after hospitalization (T0) and the 48 hours before the patient discharged (T1). A set of structured questionnaire will be used to collected data including the Background information form, the Fatigue Symptom Inventory, the Cancer Fatigue Scale, the Symptom Severity Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Patients will be received physical fitness test including the 6-Minute Walking Test, grip strength, and 30-second chair stand test. The descriptive statistics will be used to analyze the severity of symptom distress, fatigue, and the change of physical fitness, and the inferential statistics was used to analyze the correlation of the symptom, fatigue, and physical fitness. Besides, generalized estimating equations (GEE) will be used to analysis the average of population change of fatigue and physical fitness.
A daily 800 microgram (mcg) dose of folic acid will be taken orally, along with the recommended intake for pregnancy of other vitamins, minerals and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), beginning at enrollment until delivery. The 800 microgram dose, which is considerably higher than the current RDA, represents an amount commonly found in over-the-counter prenatal vitamin formulations.
PURPOSE: A composition containing a Polygala tenuifolia extract, a Discoreaceae extract, or a mixture thereof for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases is provided to reduce neutral fat in blood, and to prevent cardiovascular diseases such as hypertriglyceridemia, myocardial infarction, and arteriosclerosis. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases contains a Polygala tenuifolia extract, a Discoreaceae extract, or a mixture thereof as an active ingredient. The mixture ratio of the Polygala tenuifolia extract and the Discoreaceae extract is 1:0.1-10(w/w). The extract is a crude extract or a fraction. The crude extract is prepared using water, C1-C4 alcohols, or a mixture thereof. The fraction is prepared by adding 10-100% ethanol to the crude extract, concentrating, incubating at room temperature for 1-48 hours, filtering the supernatant, adding water-saturated butanol, and performing a solvent fraction method 1-5 times. [Reference numerals] (AA) Normal group
BACKGROUND: Clubfoot, presenting as a rigid inward and downward turning of the foot, is one of the most common congenital musculoskeletal anomalies. The aetiology of clubfoot is poorly understood and variants in known clubfoot disease genes account for only a small portion of the heritability.
METHODS: Exome sequence data were generated from 1190 non-syndromic clubfoot cases and their family members from multiple ethnicities. Ultra-rare variant burden analysis was performed comparing 857 unrelated clubfoot cases with European ancestry with two independent ethnicity-matched control groups (1043 in-house and 56 885 gnomAD controls). Additional variants in prioritised genes were identified in a larger cohort, including probands with non-European ancestry. Segregation analysis was performed in multiplex families when available.
RESULTS: Rare variants in 29 genes were enriched in clubfoot cases, including PITX1 (a known clubfoot disease gene), HOXD12, COL12A1, COL9A3 and LMX1B. In addition, rare variants in posterior HOX genes (HOX9-13) were enriched overall in clubfoot cases. In total, variants in these genes were present in 8.4% (100/1190) of clubfoot cases with both European and non-European ancestry. Among these, 3 are de novo and 22 show variable penetrance, including 4 HOXD12 variants that segregate with clubfoot.
CONCLUSION: We report HOXD12 as a novel clubfoot disease gene and demonstrate a phenotypic expansion of known disease genes (myopathy gene COL12A1, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome gene COL9A3 and nail-patella syndrome gene LMX1B) to include isolated clubfoot.
For those assign to the medical management assessment arm, only patients' medication usage would be assessed for polypharmacy (using 5 or more medications) or use of pharmaceutical classes that increase risk for falls. Recommendations for making changes to dosing levels or reducing number of medications would be conveyed to primary care provider.
Obesity and diabetes are a problem of modern medicine. Although the environmental factors contributing to the development of these diseases are widely known, research into genetic factors is still ongoing. At the same time, the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes is increasingly emphasized. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of two selected polymorphisms (rs1800795 and rs3842729) on the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study, 118 participants were examined, including a control group (nonobese and nondiabetic group), an obese group, and a diabetic group. Genotype analysis was performed using the PCR-RFLP method. It has been shown that in patients with the G/G genotype within the rs1800795 polymorphism (IL6), the chance of developing type 2 diabetes is several times lower compared to patients with the G/C and C/C genotypes. However, the rs3842729 polymorphism (INS) does not directly affect the risk of obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2D), although elevated insulin concentrations have been observed in obese and diabetic patients. These results confirm the impact of the rs1800795 polymorphism on the development of diabetes; however, this relationship is more complex and requires further research on other factors.
New aq. injectable oxytetracycline soln. contains ca 20-30 wt./vol.% oxytetracycline; ca 40-60% 2-pyrrolidone; MgO2 in an amt. ca 0.8-0.95 mol per moloxytetracycline; and a pharmaceutically acceptable Ca cpd., which is soluble in the agent, in an amt. of ca 0.15-0.3 mol per mol oxytetracycline; the agent having a pH value of ca 7.5-9.5. Used as antibiotic. Stable, clean solns. give long-lasting therapeutic blood levels after intramuscular injection. Solutions are easy to inject over a wide temp. range and have acceptable tolerance by animal tissue. After injection, an oxytetracycline Mg-Ca chelate is pptd. and acts as a depot which gives therapeutic blood levels lasting for up to 15 days.
STIOLTO RESPIMAT is a combination of tiotropium, an anticholinergic, and olodaterol, a long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist (LABA).

The drug substance tiotropium bromide monohydrate is chemically described as (1α, 2ß, 4ß, 5α, 7ß)-7-[(Hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4] nonane bromide monohydrate. It is a synthetic, non-chiral, quaternary ammonium compound. Tiotropium bromide is a white or yellowish white powder. It is sparingly soluble in water and soluble in methanol. 

The structural formula is:

Tiotropium bromide (monohydrate) has a molecular mass of 490.4 and a molecular formula of C19H22NO4S2Br ∙ H2O.

The drug substance olodaterol hydrochloride is chemically described as 2H-1,4-Benzoxazin-3H(4H)-one, 6-hydroxy-8-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-[[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]-amino]ethyl]-, monohydrochloride. Olodaterol hydrochloride is a white to off-white powder that is sparingly-slightly soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. The molecular weight is 422.9 g/mole (salt): 386.5 g/mole (base), and the molecular formula is C21H26N2O5 × HCl as a hydrochloride. The conversion factor from salt to free base is 1.094.

The structural formula is:

The drug product, STIOLTO RESPIMAT, is composed of a sterile aqueous solution of tiotropium bromide and olodaterol hydrochloride filled into a 4.5 mL plastic container crimped into an aluminum cylinder (STIOLTO RESPIMAT cartridge) for use with the STIOLTO RESPIMAT inhaler.

Excipients include water for injection, benzalkonium chloride, edetate disodium, and hydrochloric acid.

The STIOLTO RESPIMAT cartridge is only intended for use with the STIOLTO RESPIMAT inhaler. The STIOLTO RESPIMAT inhaler is a hand held, pocket sized oral inhalation device that uses mechanical energy to generate a slow-moving aerosol cloud of medication from a metered volume of the drug solution. The STIOLTO RESPIMAT inhaler has a light green-colored cap.

When used with the STIOLTO RESPIMAT inhaler each cartridge, containing 4 grams of sterile aqueous solution, delivers the labeled number of metered actuations after preparation for use. Each dose (one dose equals two actuations) from the STIOLTO RESPIMAT inhaler delivers 5 mcg tiotropium and 5 mcg olodaterol in 22.1 mcL from the mouthpiece. As with all inhaled drugs, the actual amount of drug delivered to the lung may depend on patient factors, such as the coordination between the actuation of the inhaler and inspiration through the delivery system. The duration of inspiration should be at least as long as the spray duration (1.5 seconds).
Hydroxychloroquine starting dose of 200 mg by mouth every day for a 21 day cycle. Vorinostat starting dose of 200 mg by mouth per day for a 21 day cycle.
The present invention relates to a preparation method of wormwood flower tea. The preparation method comprises the following steps that (1) collected wormwood flower is processed by washing, water removal by heat scalding or cage steaming for 30 to 80 seconds, cooling, dewatering and drying on standby; (2) 75 to 85% of wormwood flower processed by the step (1), 2.5 to 3.5% of licorice root, 5 to 5.5% of pueravia flower, 10 to 15% of green tea and Gongju as the rest according to weight ratio are mixed and uniformly stirred, and then the finished product is obtained. The processing technology of the present invention is simple and feasible. The selenium content of the wormwood flower tea is higher than that of general tea. The present invention provides a new approach for supplementing selenium for people. The problem of waste caused by that the wormwood flower is discarded and not effectively utilized is solved. The present invention provides a new further processed product of wormwood for people.
Background: Primary care providers (PCPs) are expected to provide weight management counseling despite having low confidence in their ability to be effective. This analysis examined change in weight status between children who received usual care from their PCP and those who received one of two structured weight management programs in a randomized control trial. Methods: Data from parent-child dyads who were referred to the Guided Self-Help Obesity Treatment in the Doctor's Office study, but did not participate, were examined to determine change in weight status compared with those who participated in the trial. Families were divided into four groups: Group 1, structured treatment with high attendance; Group 2, structured treatment with low attendance; Group 3, PCP/usual care with some weight management counseling; and Group 4, PCP/usual care with no counseling. Anthropometric data and PCP delivery of weight management counseling were abstracted from the electronic health record. Main outcomes were changes in child BMI z-scores, BMI as a percentage relative to the 95th percentile, and BMI as a difference relative to the 95th percentile at the end of treatment and 6-month follow-up for each group. Results: Groups 1 and 2 showed significant decreases in weight status over time, with Group 1 showing the greatest decrease. Groups 3 and 4 remained relatively stable. Changes in weight status in Groups 2, 3, and 4 were significantly different from Group 1 at post-treatment. Conclusions: While structured weight management programs have a significant impact on weight status, those who received some counseling by their PCP did not show significant increases in weight status and were relatively weight stable. Efforts should be broadened to support PCPs as they provide weight management counseling in the office.
Patients will receive five fractions of either 8, 10, or 12 Gy to the gross tumor only. Following SBRT patients will be evaluated by their medical oncologist for consideration of adjuvant chemotherapy, starting 6-8 weeks post-RT. All patients will be followed for one year. Patients will be assessed for toxicity by their radiation oncologist at 4 to 6 weeks post-RT and during chemotherapy by their medical oncologist. Follow up after completion of all treatment will consist of CT chest scans at 6 and 12 months post-SBRT and toxicity assessments every 3 months from the end of SBRT for one year.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an unknown etiology. It is associated with various factors and causes great inconvenience to the patient's life. The gut-brain axis (GBA), which serves as a bidirectional information channel for exchanging information between the gut microbiota and the brain, is vital in studying many neurodegenerative diseases. Dietary flavonoids provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits, as well as regulating the structure and function of the gut microbiota. The occurrence and development of ASD are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Modulation of gut microbiota can effectively improve the severity of ASD. This paper reviews the links between gut microbiota, flavonoids, and ASD, focusing on the mechanism of dietary flavonoids in regulating ASD through the GBA.
The purpose of this randomized controlled study is to examine the comparative effectiveness of two technology-based Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programs (one via video/teleconference and one via a smartphone app) for reducing worry, anxiety, and/or related mental health effects of stress in members of identified underserved communities, which were highly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants will be randomly assigned to a teleconference MBSR program, a MBSR smartphone app program, or a waitlist control group. Each intervention includes participation in a 9-week (8 sessions plus an introduction) mindfulness intervention that consists of instruction and daily practice. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews will be administered at mid-intervention, post-intervention, and one-month and three-month follow-up points. It is hypothesized that participants in the two intervention groups will show measurable and sustained improvement in the primary outcome, worry, as well as in the secondary outcomes, anxiety and related mental health effects. It is further hypothesized that the smartphone app mindfulness intervention will show similar effectiveness to the teleconference mindfulness intervention.
When estrogen is prescribed for a postmenopausal woman with a uterus, progestin should also be initiated to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer. A woman without a uterus does not need progestin. Use of estrogen, alone or in combination with a progestin, should be with the lowest effective dose and for the shortest duration consistent with treatment goals and risks for the individual woman. Patients should be reevaluated periodically as clinically appropriate (e.g., 3-month to 6-month intervals) to determine if treatment is still necessary (See BOXED WARNINGS and WARNINGS). For women who have a uterus, adequate diagnostic measures, such as endometrial sampling, when indicated, should be undertaken to rule out malignancy in cases of undiagnosed persistent or recurring abnormal vaginal bleeding. 

Care should be taken to inject deeply into the upper, outer quadrant of the gluteal muscle following the usual precautions for intramuscular administration. By virtue of the low viscosity of the vehicles, the various preparations of Estradiol Valerate Injection, may be administered with a small gauge needle (i.e., 20 Gauge × 1 ½ inches long). Since the 40 mg potency provides a high concentration in a small volume, particular care should be observed to administer the full dose. 

Estradiol Valerate Injection should be visually inspected for particulate matter and color prior to administration; the solution is clear, colorless to pale yellow. Storage at low temperatures may result in the separation of some crystalline material which redissolves readily on warming. 

Note: A dry needle and syringe should be used. Use of a wet needle or syringe may cause the solution to become cloudy; however, this does not affect the potency of the material. 

Patients should be started at the lowest dose for the indication. The lowest effective dose of Estradiol Valerate Injection has not been determined for any indication. Treated patients with an intact uterus should be monitored closely for signs of endometrial cancer, and appropriate diagnostic measures should be taken to rule out malignancy in the event of persistent or recurring abnormal vaginal bleeding. See PRECAUTIONS concerning addition of a progestin. 

1\. For treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms, vulvar and vaginal atrophy associated with the menopause, the lowest dose and regimen that will control symptoms should be chosen and medication should be discontinued as promptly as possible. 

The usual dosage is 10 to 20 mg Estradiol Valerate Injection every four weeks. 

Attempts to discontinue or taper medication should be made at 3-month to 6-month intervals. 

2\. For treatment of female hypoestrogenism due to hypogonadism, castration, or primary ovarian failure. 

The usual dosage is 10 to 20 mg Estradiol Valerate Injection every four weeks. 

3\. For treatment of advanced androgen-dependent carcinoma of the prostate, for palliation only. 

The usual dosage is 30 mg or more administered every one or two weeks.