anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The objective is to evaluate if high-dose epidural fentanyl (100 micrograms) is more effective at providing pain relief during the late first stage (\>8 cm cervical dilation) and second stage of labor until the time of delivery compared to low-dose epidural fentanyl (20 micrograms). In this study, anesthetic care will be provided to a subject by an experienced anesthesia provider according to standard hospital care. If the subject has adequate pain relief from the continuous epidural infusion, then a study investigator will record the verbal pain score and document any other side effects at hourly intervals beginning at \>8cm cervical dilation, but no additional epidural medications will be administered. If pain relief becomes inadequate during the late first or second stage of labor (\>8cm cervical dilation) and a manual epidural bolus is required, then the subject will be randomly assigned to one of two groups (like flipping a coin): one group will receive lower dose epidural fentanyl (20 micrograms) combined with local anesthetic; and one group will receive higher-dose epidural fentanyl (100micrograms) combined with the same amount of local anesthetic. Both doses are used frequently on labor and delivery and are considered to be safe based on available evidence. If there is not sufficient pain relief from the epidural medication given, then an experienced anesthesia provider will assess if another epidural dose may be effective and this additional epidural medication will be given at the discretion of the anesthesia provider. An experienced anesthesia provider will be available at all times during the study to assess pain and provide epidural medications. All patients participating in the study will have their pain scores assessed every hour as soon as the cervical dilation is noted to be \>8cm; at the time of randomization; and at 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes after the epidural dose is administered. The presence of any side-effects such as itching, shivering, nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, slow respiratory rate or lower extremity muscle weakness will also be collected at hourly intervals as soon as the cervical dilation is noted to be \>8cm. Subject satisfaction (1-100 rating scale) with anesthetic care provided will be assessed on postpartum day # 1 during routine follow-up visit.
Participants will receive the TAR-200 transuretherally on Day 0 in to the bladder through an Inserter and gradually releases gemcitabine during the 21-day indwelling period before being removed on Day 21 via flexible or rigid cystoscopy. Participants will undergo an 84-day induction period comprised of four consecutive 21-day dosing cycles. Participants may undergo 21 day cycle every 3 months for a maximum of 3 cycles as maintenance (Up to 14 months). Each TAR-200 system will be removed at 21 days after insertion.
Testosterone (T) is a critical predictor of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) but the genetic overlap between T and PCOS has not been established. Here by leveraging genetic datasets from large-scale genome-wide association studies, we assessed the genetic correlation and polygenic overlap between PCOS and three T-related traits using linkage disequilibrium score regression and the bivariate causal mixture model methods. The conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) method was employed to identify shared causal variants. Functional annotation of variants was conducted using FUMA. Total T and bioavailable T exhibited positive correlations with PCOS, while sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) showed a negative correlation. All three traits demonstrated extensive genetic overlap with PCOS, with a minimum of 68% of T-related variants influencing PCOS. The conjFDR revealed 4 to 6 causal variants within joint genomic loci shared between PCOS and T-related traits. Functional annotations suggested that these variants might impact PCOS by modulating nearby genes, such as FSHB. Our findings support the hypothesis that PCOS is significantly influenced by androgen abnormalities. Additionally, this study identified several causal variants potentially involved in shared biological mechanisms between PCOS and T regulation.
With the advent of enhanced screening (via tandem mass spectroscopy, MS/MS), the Northwest Regional Newborn Screening Program (NWRNSP) has identified a high incidence of carnitine palmitoyl transferase type 1A (CPT1A) deficiency in Alaska Native infants. Since October of 2003 approximately 80 Alaska Native infants have been identified with this condition; previously only 30 published cases were known worldwide. All of the infants are homozygous for a c.1436C-T sequence variant in the CPT1A gene, which results in the substitution of a leucine for proline at amino acid position 479 (P479L), and an approximately 80% reduction of CPT1A activity (non-classic CPT1A deficiency) (7). The clinical implications of this very restricted level of enzyme activity are not known. However, patients with more severe reductions of CPT1A activity (as the result of other mutations) are known to be at high risk for hypoketotic hypoglycemia, liver dysfunction, and sudden unexplained death (1). Hepatomegaly with micro- and macro-vesicular steatosis is also common (16). Currently the treatment of Alaska Native infants and children with CPT1A deficiency is based on data from patients with more severe forms of CPT1A deficiency and other fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorders. Our ultimate goal is to establish evidence-based guidelines for treatment of the form of CPT1A deficiency prevalent in the Alaska Native population. This pilot study addresses two specific questions and will provide the first glimpse of the physiologic effects of homozygosity for the c.1436C-T sequence variant in the CPT1A gene. These data will aid in the development of strategies for clinical management that can be evaluated in future prospective studies, and provide preliminary data required for applications for NIH funding for more in-depth characterization of the clinical consequences of this condition.
Sunitinib is a kinase inhibitor present in sunitinib malate capsules as the malate salt. Sunitinib malate is described chemically as N-[2-(Diethylamino)ethyl]-5-[(Z)-(5-fluoro-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene)methyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide, compound with (S)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid. The molecular formula is C22H27FN4O2.C4H6O5 and the molecular weight is 532.57 Daltons.

The chemical structure of sunitinib malate is:

Sunitinib malate is light yellow to brownish orange colored powder with a pKa of 8.95. The solubility of sunitinib malate in aqueous media over the range pH 1.2 to pH 6.8 is in the range of 12 to 70 mg/mL. The log of the distribution coefficient (octanol/water) at pH 7 is 5.2.

Sunitinib malate capsules are supplied as printed hard shell capsules containing 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 37.5 mg or 50 mg of sunitinib (equivalent to 16.7 mg, 33.4 mg, 50.1 mg, or 66.8 mg of sunitinib malate, respectively) together with croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, mannitol and povidone (K-30) as inactive ingredients.

The reddish brown gelatin capsule shells contain ferric oxide red and titanium dioxide. The caramel gelatin capsule shells contain ferric oxide red, ferric oxide yellow, ferrosoferric oxide and titanium dioxide. The yellow gelatin capsule shells contain ferric oxide yellow and titanium dioxide. The white printing ink contains potassium hydroxide, shellac and titanium dioxide. The black printing ink contains ferrosoferric oxide, potassium hydroxide and shellac.
Approval from Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia was acquired prior conducting the study. Subjects were given informed consent before enrolling the study and randomized into two groups. Intravenous (IV) cannula with Ringer Lactate fluid, non-invasive blood pressure monitor, electrocardiogram (ECG) and pulse-oxymetry were set on the subjects in the operation room. Epidural catheter was inserted (4 cm depth inside the epidural space) with 1,5-2 mg IV midazolam and 50 mcg IV fentanyl as premedication. The catheter insertion was confirmed with vacuum aspiration and negative test-dose. General anesthesia induction was done by fentanyl 2 mcg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg, and atracurium 0,5 mg/kg. Maintenance was done by sevoflurane 2vol%, fentanyl and atracurium. Surgery starts without intraoperative epidural regimen. Surgery duration, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) were recorded. For post-operative analgesia, subjects received paracetamol 1 gr IV and intermittent epidural analgesia regimen in a 10 cc syringe: Group 1 received Bupivacaine 0,125% 12,5 mg combined with dexamethasone 8 mg plus 0,9% sodium chloride (NaCl) until the volume was 10 cc; Group 2 received Bupivacaine 0,125% 12,5 mg combined with morphine 2 mg plus 0,9% NaCl until the volume was 10 cc. The injection was given by anesthesiology residents without knowing the syringe's content. Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) morphine was given in the recovery room. Data recorded were blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, visual analog scale, side effects, the time when first additional analgesia was needed by subjects, the opioid requirement within 24 hours post-operation. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, for numerical data using unpaired T-test or Mann-Whitney-U test, for categorical data using Chi-square or Fisher Exact Test. Data normality was tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Significant value is p\<0.05.
Type I allergy is an immune-disorder which stems from the formation of IgE antibodies against proteins and glycoproteins from plants, insects, animals and fungi, most of which are normally considered harmless. The cross-linking of specific IgE antibodies on effector cells by allergens activates an immunological cascade leading to the symptoms of Type I allergy including rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, and anaphylactic shock. Allergic Rhinitis is the most common chronic atopic disease and is associated with considerable cost and co-morbidity. Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), triggered by pollen from trees, grasses and weeds, is characterized by sneezing, nasal congestion, nasal itching, rhinorrhea, and pruritic, watery, red eyes.

Recombinant preparations offer various advantages over those based on natural allergen extracts. Recombinant proteins can be produced in highly purified forms of pharmaceutical quality; proteins are molecularly defined thus ensuring product consistency and minimising problems related to allergen extract standardisation; preparations only include those proteins that are considered relevant for specific immunotherapy; the risk of contamination with other allergenic material is excluded; the whole production process can be designed to exclude any risk factors for the introduction of infectious agents; the relative dosages of individual components of a final preparation can be optimised to favour better clinical efficacy. Allergy vaccination (AV) mediates the immune response to allergen exposure by altering the TH2 response in favour of a TH1 T-cell response, increasing IgG production and decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines. rBet v1-FV is an AV designed to enhance beneficial immune responses. The investigational product has demonstrated efficacy and good tolerability in one previous pivotal Phase III and two previous Phase II studies.
A method for purifying bone-derived osteoinductive factors including an ultrafiltration process, an anion exchange pro-cess, a cation exchange process, and a reverse phase HPLC process. The ultrafiltration process preferably includes a first ultrafil-tration step using a membrane having a nominal molecular weight cutoff of approximately 100 kilodaltons (kD) and a second ul-trafiltration step employing a membrane having a nominal molecular weight cutoff of approximately 10 kD. For the anion exchange process, a strongly cationic resin is used, preferably having quaternary amine functional groups. Typically, the eluant for the anion exchange process has a conductivity from about 10,260 micromhos (µmhos) (1.026 x 10-2 siemens (S)) to about 11;200 µmhos (1:120 x 10-2S). For the ration exchange process, a strongly anionic resin is used, preferably having sulfonic acid functional groups. The eluant for the ration exchange process typically has a conductivity from about 39,100 µmhos (3.91 x 10-2S) to about 52;700 µmhos (8:27 x 10-2S) or more. The HPLC  process typically utilizes a column containing hydro-carbon-modified silica packing material. The osteoinductive proteins can be eluted from the HPLC column with an acetoni-trile solution in combination with aqueous trifluoracetic acid. The purification processes yield osteoinductively active pro-tein mixtures.
The present invention relates to the delivery of stimulants through an inhalation route. Specifically, it relates to aerosols containing ephedrine or fenfluramine that are used in inhalation therapy. In a composition aspect of the present invention, the aerosol comprises particles comprising at least 5 percent by weight of ephedrine or fenfluramine. In a method aspect of the present invention, one of ephedrine or fenfluramine is delivered to a mammal through an inhalation route. The method comprises: a) heating a composition, wherein the composition comprises at least 5 percent by weight of ephedrine or fenfluramine, to form a vapor; and, b) allowing the vapor to cool, thereby forming a condensation aerosol comprising particles, which is inhaled by the mammal. In a kit aspect of the present invention, a kit for delivering ephedrine or fenfluramine through an inhalation route to a mammal is provided which comprises: a) a composition comprising at least 5 percent by weight of ephedrine or fenfluramine; and, b) a device that forms an ephedrine or fenfluramine containing aerosol from the composition, for inhalation by the mammal.
Infant placed in a SLP-L on the researcher's lap. Infant body positioned on side-lying position on the left side of it's body. Head of the infant symmetrically placed between the shoulders, supported by the researcher's. Shoulder girdle higher than the pelvic girdle, head and back in a straight line - a slight natural bend of the body is allowed. Legs bent at an angle of approx. 90° in the natural flexion of the knee and ankle joint. The infant's arms close to the midline (on the bottle or researcher's hands).
Proliferation of retinal pigment epithelium following surgery or trauma or resulting in ocular diseases associated with choroidal neovascularization, such as age related macular degeneration and histoplasmosis syndrome, is prevented by contacting retinal pigment epithelium cells with a therapeutic amount of a retinoic acid receptor (RAR agonist, preferably one with specific activity for retinoic acid receptors. Preferably the RAR agonist is also a potent antagonist of AP1-dependent gene expression. Alternatively, the proliferation of retinal pigment epithelium is ameliorated with a therapeutic amount of an AP-1 antagonist, alone or in combination with an RAR agonist. The drug can be administered by bolus injection into the vitreous cavity using a dosage from about 50 to 150 μg. Or by slow release from liposomes or an oil tamponade injected into the vitreous cavity. Formulations for preventing proliferation of retinal pigment epithelium are also provided.
PURPOSE: An external use skin composition containing a soybean root extract is improve antioxidation and antiaging abilities with skin moisturizing and whitening effects and to remove skin irritation using natural product-derived ingredients. CONSTITUTION: An external use skin composition contains a soybean root extract. The soybean root extract contains 0.12 wt% or more of coumestrol. Soybeans are used at V3-V4 step of growth and are treated with inducing factors. The inducing factors are selected from the group consisting of Aspergillus oryzae and chitosan. [Reference numerals] (AA) Content of coumestrol by each growth period; (BB) Coumestrol (mg/g); (CC) Soybean root extract
A composition comprising an extract of Schisandra nigra Max. is provided to show excellent hair growth effect on a rat hair follicle in the growth period and increase expression of PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigen), thereby being useful for preventing and treating hair loss. A pharmaceutical composition for preventing hair loss and improving hair growth comprises 0.1-50 wt.% of an extract of Schisandra nigra Max. as an effective ingredient, wherein the extract is prepared by extracting the Schisandra nigra Max. with water, C1-4 alcohol or a mixture thereof at a temperature of 20-100 deg.C. The composition further comprises a carrier, a diluent and an excipient.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Choline is an essential nutrient for human health and cellular homeostasis as it is necessary for the synthesis of lipid cell membranes, lipoproteins, and the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The aim of this review is to analyze the beneficial effects of choline and its significance in cellular metabolism and various inflammatory pathways, such as the inflammasome. We will discuss the significance of dietary choline in cardiometabolic disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) as well as in cognitive function and associated neuropsychiatric disorders.
RECENT FINDINGS: Choline deficiency has been related to the development of NAFLD and cognitive disability in the offspring as well as in adulthood. In sharp contrast, excess dietary intake of choline mediated via the increased production of trimethylamine by the gut microbiota and increased trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels has been related to atherosclerosis in most studies. In this context, CVD and CKD through the accumulation of TMAO, p-Cresyl-sulfate (pCS), and indoxyl-sulfate (IS) in serum may be the result of the interplay between excess dietary choline, the increased production of TMAO by the gut microbiota, and the resulting activation of inflammatory responses and fibrosis. A balanced diet, with no excess nor any deficiency in dietary choline, is of outmost importance regarding the prevention of cardiometabolic disorders as well as cognitive function. Large-scale studies with the use of next-generation probiotics, especially Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, should further examine their therapeutic potential in this context.
OBJECTIVE: Exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI) is associated with later-life cognitive symptoms and neuropathologies, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Cognitive decline in community cohorts is often due to multiple pathologies; however, the frequency and contributions of these pathologies to cognitive impairment in people exposed to RHI are unknown. Here, we examined the relative contributions of 13 neuropathologies to cognitive symptoms and dementia in RHI-exposed brain donors.
METHODS: Neuropathologists examined brain tissue from 571 RHI-exposed donors and assessed for the presence of 13 neuropathologies, including CTE, Alzheimer disease (AD), Lewy body disease (LBD), and transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) inclusions. Cognitive status was assessed by presence of dementia, Functional Activities Questionnaire, and Cognitive Difficulties Scale. Spearman rho was calculated to assess intercorrelation of pathologies. Additionally, frequencies of pathological co-occurrence were compared to a simulated distribution assuming no intercorrelation. Logistic and linear regressions tested associations between neuropathologies and dementia status and cognitive scale scores.
RESULTS: The sample age range was 18-97 years (median = 65.0, interquartile range = 46.0-76.0). Of the donors, 77.2% had at least one moderate-severe neurodegenerative or cerebrovascular pathology. Stage III-IV CTE was the most common neurodegenerative disease (43.1%), followed by TDP-43 pathology, AD, and hippocampal sclerosis. Neuropathologies were intercorrelated, and there were fewer unique combinations than expected if pathologies were independent (p < 0.001). The greatest contributors to dementia were AD, neocortical LBD, hippocampal sclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and CTE.
INTERPRETATION: In this sample of RHI-exposed brain donors with wide-ranging ages, multiple neuropathologies were common and correlated. Mixed neuropathologies, including CTE, underlie cognitive impairment in contact sport athletes. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:314-324.
Telerehabilitation (TR) aims to decrease barriers such as distance, time and cost by using technology to patients and clinicians. It provides to obtain rehabilitation for patients who cannot go to a medical center due to physical, environmental or economic inadequacies. COVID-19 is a contagious respiratory disease that is caused Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome causing Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was firstly seen in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly all over the world. World Health Organization (WHO) was declared COVID-19 as a pandemic in March 2020. The most common symptoms are fever, cough and dyspnoea. Social isolation and staying home have been suggested to reduce the spreading rate of COVID-19 pandemic in many countries. In addition, curfew except necessity was applied in some countries and time of curfew varied by country. Patients with rheumatic diseases are at higher risk of infections because of disease activity and immunosuppression. In addition, old age and having concomitant chronic disease are among risk factors for coronavirus. Therefore, national health services recommend patients to practice self-isolation and self-quarantine. However, social isolation was concluded with more increased physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle. Physical inactivity and disuse are proven to cause joint destruction, decreased aerobic capacity and muscle atrophy in patients with rheumatic diseases.The importance and requirement for TR were observed better during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TR on fatigue, depression, anxiety, sleep quality, disease activity and quality of life.
Nicotinamide (NAM) has been implicated in the restoration and maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome. Conventional NAM formulations are designed for systemic NAM supplementation and therefore release NAM in the stomach and upper small intestine for maximum absorption. In contrast, the novel CICR-NAM tablets (controlled-ileocolonic-release nicotinamide) start releasing in the lower small intestine for topical delivery of NAM to the microbiota and the mucosa in the ileum and colon, also leading to a reduced systemic exposure. This clinical Phase I trial investigates the safety and tolerability of CICR-NAM in single- and multiple-ascending doses (1, 2 and 4 g). At the beginning of the trial, single-dose pharmacokinetics (PK) of 1 g of conventional immediate-release NAM and CICR-NAM are compared. At the end of the trial, patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) receive a medium multiple dose (2 g for 4 weeks) to compare their exposure, PK and safety data with those of healthy subjects at the same dose level.