anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Despite improvements in treatment regimens and technology, less than 20% of adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) achieve glycemic targets. Sleep is increasingly recognized as a potentially modifiable target for improving glycemic control. Diabetes distress, poor self-management behaviors, and reduced quality of life (QoL) have also been linked to sleep variability and insufficient sleep duration. The American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes incorporated sleep as an important component of the medical evaluation in persons with diabetes. However, no specific recommendation was given as to how to improve sleep. A significant gap of knowledge exists regarding the effects of sleep optimization on glycemic control in T1D. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a T1D-specific sleep optimization intervention (Sleep-Opt) on the primary outcomes of sleep variability, sleep duration and glycemic control (A1C); other glycemic parameters (glycemic variability, time in range), diabetes distress, self-management behavior, QoL, and other patient reported outcomes in working-age adults with T1D and habitual increased sleep variability or short sleep duration. To achieve these aims, a randomized controlled trial is planned in 120 working age adults (18 to 65 years) with T1D. Participants will be screened for habitual sleep variability (\> 1 hour/week) or insufficient sleep duration (\< 6.5 hours per night). Eligible subjects will be randomized to the Sleep-Opt group or healthy living attention control group for twelve weeks. A one-week run-in period is planned, with baseline measures of sleep by actigraphy (sleep variability and duration), glycemia (A1C and related glycemic measures: glycemic variability and time in range using continuous glucose monitoring), and other secondary outcomes: diabetes distress, self-management behaviors, quality of life and additional patient-reported outcomes. Sleep-Opt is a technology-assisted behavioral sleep intervention that this study team developed that leverages the rapidly increasing public interest in sleep tracking by consumers (+500% in 3 years). The behavioral intervention employs four elements: a wearable sleep tracker, didactic content, an interactive smartphone application, and brief telephone counseling. The attention control group will participate in a healthy living information program. At midpoint (Week 6) completion (Week 12) and post-program (Week 24), baseline measures will be repeated to determine differences between the two groups and sustainability of the intervention.
OBJECTIVE: The occurrence of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity as a result of cisplatin administration is a major concern in clinical practice. This study examined the potential protective effects of administering mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the renal and hepatic damage caused by cisplatin. Moreover, the study investigated the potential protective effects of administering Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ADMSC) to counteract the harmful effects of cisplatin-induced kidney and liver damage.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: normal control, cisplatin + saline, and cisplatin + ADMSC. Cisplatin was administered to induce toxicity, and ADMSC was administered intravenously as a potential therapeutic intervention. Biochemical parameters and histopathological changes were assessed in the kidney and liver tissues. Statistical analyses were performed using a one-way ANOVA.
RESULTS: Cisplatin increased malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-alfa), IL-6, alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine, Galectin-3, Tissue growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), compared to the normal control group. Cisplatin-MSC reduced these levels. Histopathology showed that cisplatin caused kidney tubular epithelial necrosis, luminal necrotic debris, tubular dilatation, interstitial inflammation, liver sinusoidal and central vein dilatation, congestion, necrosis, and cytoplasmic vacuolization. ADMSC administration significantly reduced histopathological changes.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration in mitigating cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. MSC treatment demonstrated protective effects by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and histopathological alterations. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying these protective effects and evaluate their clinical implications for managing cisplatin-induced organ damage.
FIELD: medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a medicinal preparation as a solution that can be used in ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, pediatrics and gynecology. An agent comprises human leukocyte liquid interferon and lysozyme in the following ratio of components: interferon, 2500-5000 IU/ml and lysozyme, 2.5-5.0 mg/ml. Agent shows the enhanced stability at storage, enhances effectiveness in treatment of viral diseases of broad etiology, decreases treatment period and risk of development of complications. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of agent, valuable medicinal properties. 3 tbl, 2 ex
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pain is common in older individuals. In order to understand and treat pain in this group, reliable and valid measures are needed. This study aimed to evaluate: (1) the validity, utility, incorrect response rates and preference rates of 5 pain rating scales in older individuals; and (2) the associations between age, education level, and cognitive function and both (a) incorrect response and (b) preference rates.
METHODS: Two hundred and one orthopedic clinic outpatients ≥ 65 years old were asked to rate their current pain, and least, average, and worst pain intensity in the past week using 5 scales: Verbal Numerical Rating Scale (VNRS), Faces Pain Scale - Revised (FPS-R), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Participants were also asked to indicate scale preference. We computed the associations between each measure and a factor score representing the shared variance among the scales, the incorrect response and scale preference rates, and the associations between incorrect response and preference rates and age, education level, and cognitive function. The incorrect responses included being unable to respond, providing more than one response, responses outside a range, providing range answers rather than fixed answers, and responses indicating 'least > average,' 'least > worst,' and 'average > worst'.
RESULTS: The findings support validity of all 5 scales in older individuals who are able to use all measures. The VNRS had the lowest (2%) and the VAS had the highest (6%) incorrect response rates. The NRS was the most (35%) and the VAS was the least (5%) preferred. Age was associated with the incorrect response rates of the VRS and VAS, such that older individuals were less likely to use these scales correctly. Education level was associated with the incorrect response rates of the FPS-R, NRS and VAS, such that those with less education were less likely to use these measures correctly. Cognitive function was not significantly associated with incorrect response rates. Age, education level and cognitive function were not significantly associated with scale preference.
CONCLUSIONS: Although all five scales are valid, the VNRS evidences the best overall utility in this sample of older individuals with pain. The NRS or FPS-R would be fine alternatives if it is not practical or feasible to use the VNRS.
Scenario 1: primary resection then follow-up - Study-specific liquid biopsies will be collected in 98 patients, at the time of routine labs. Samples will be acquired before resection, at 6-8 weeks, 6 and 12 months after resection.
A composition which contains caffeine, its analog, or its pharmaceutically allowable salt is provided to suppress infiltration, metastasis, and proliferation and prevent and/or treat brain cancer. A composition for preventing and treating brain cancer comprises caffeine, caffeine anaolog, or its pharmaceutically allowable salt as an active ingredient. The caffeine, caffeine analog or its pharmaceutically allowable salt has the content of 0.3-30 mM. The daily dose of the composition is 1-5 mg/kg and the composition is administered at one time or several times. The brain cancer is glioma, exothelioma, pituitary adenoma, schwannoma, craniopharyngioma or the congenital brain tumor. The composition selectively block the subtype 3 of activation of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptoer(IP3R).
FIELD: medicine, insecticides. SUBSTANCE: sunprotective agent includes substance as a repellent against insects and provides water- -solubility also. One formula has an aqueous emulsion of DETA, sunprotective agent, anionic surface-active substance, alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone and octyldodecylneopentanoate. Also, invention describes method of preparing the composition by mixing components and method of its application on human skin. EFFECT: broadened arsenal of sunprotective agents, possibility of presence of repellent properties against insects. 15 cl, 3 tbl
PURPOSE:To provide a cell differentiation inducing agent containing 1alpha-fluoro-25- hydroxy-vitamin D3 as an active component. CONSTITUTION:The objective cell differentiation inducing agent can be produced by using the compound of formula as an active component. The original vitamin D activity of a series of metabolic products having vitamin D3 activity, e.g. the activity to absorb Ca through the intestines or the activity to dissolve Ca from the bones, becomes the side effect when the compound is used as a cell differentiation inducing agent. The compound of formula has a receptor-bonding capability free from the above vitamin D activity, and is effective as a cell differentiation inducing agent. It can be administered in the form of injection, tablet, capsule, syrup, etc., and since the dose is extremely low, i.e. 0.2-2mug/ day, it is preferable to administer in the form of capsule, especially soft capsule.
A medical device includes a case and a core assembly. The core assembly includes operational circuitry enclosed within a core assembly housing. The medical device also includes a battery assembly, which includes a battery enclosed within a battery housing. The case includes the core assembly housing and the battery housing. A first electrode is coupled to, and electrically isolated from, the case; and a second electrode is electrically coupled to the case. The second electrode is electrically coupled to the operational circuitry via a sensing pathway that includes a portion of the case. The battery is electrically coupled to the operational circuitry via an energy supply pathway that includes the portion of the case.
Albuterol sulfate: In a 2-year study in Sprague-Dawley rats, albuterol sulfate caused a significant dose-related increase in the incidence of benign leiomyomas of the mesovarium at and above dietary doses of 2 mg/kg (approximately equal to the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose for adults on a mg/m2 basis). In another study, this effect was blocked by the coadministration of propranolol, a non-selective beta -adrenergic antagonist. 

In an 18-month study in CD-1 mice, albuterol sulfate showed no evidence of tumorigenicity at dietary doses up to 500 mg/kg (approximately 140 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose for adults on a mg/m2 basis). In a 22-month study in Golden hamsters, albuterol sulfate showed no evidence of tumorigenicity at dietary doses up to 50 mg/kg (approximately 20 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose for adults on a mg/m2 basis).

Albuterol sulfate was not mutagenic in the Ames test or a mutation test in yeast. Albuterol sulfate was not clastogenic in a human peripheral lymphocyte assay or in an AH1 strain mouse micronucleous assay. 

Reproduction studies in rats demonstrated no evidence of impaired fertility at oral doses of albuterol sulfate up to 50 mg/kg (approximately 25 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose for adults on a mg/m2 basis). 

Ipratropium bromide: In 2-year studies in Sprague-Dawley rats and CD-1 mice, ipratropium bromide showed no evidence of tumorigenicity at oral doses up to 6 mg/kg (approximately 15 times and 8 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose for adults in rats and mice respectively, on a mg/m2 basis). 

Ipratropium bromide was not mutagenic in the Ames test and mouse dominant lethal test. Ipratropium bromide was not clastogenic in a mouse micronucleous assay. 

A reproduction study in rats demonstrated decreased conception and increased resorptions when ipratropium bromide was administered orally at a dose of 90 mg/kg (approximately 240 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose for adults on a mg/m2 basis). These effects were not seen with a dose of 50 mg/kg (approximately 140 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation dose for adults on a mg/m2 basis).
This group includes patients who have been diagnosed with myopia and have been scheduled to undergo PRK surgery. Patients with high astigmatism \> 2 diopter, prior ocular surgeries, and those patients taking any ocular medications except seasonal allergy medicine such as ketotifen or artificial tears will be excluded.
The invention relates to a method using Chinese herbs to treat face spots and a preparation method thereof. In daily life, people do not pay attention to health, thus endocrine disorder, poor blood, and meridian impassability are produced, and the heart blood cannot reach the facial skin. Melanins in the skin cannot be discharged through the normal metabolism of a human body. Over time, various dark spots are formed. Usually, the dark spots are formed after birth due to estrogen level imbalance, metal components in skin care products and excessive chemical peeling. The methods of beautifying, using a spot removing cream and the like usually have the disadvantages of long period of treatment and unobvious effect, and cannot treat the dark spots once and for all. According to the invention, after long-term clinical trials, the method which effectively treats the dark spots through oral use and external use is summarized.
BACKGROUND: Breathlessness is a prevalent symptom affecting the quality of life (QOL) of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients. This systematic review explored the interventions for controlling breathlessness in ALS patients, emphasizing palliative care (PALC), non-invasive ventilation (NIV), opioids, and non-pharmacological strategies.
METHODS: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was conducted. Eligibility criteria encompassed adults with ALS or motor neuron disease experiencing breathlessness. Outcomes included QOL and symptom control. Study designs comprised qualitative studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials.
RESULTS: Eight studies were included, most exhibiting low bias risk, comprising one randomized controlled trial, three cohort studies, two comparative retrospective studies, and two qualitative studies (interviews). Most studies originated from Europe, with one from the United States of America. The participants totaled 3423, with ALS patients constituting 95.6%. PALC consultations significantly improved symptom assessment, advance care planning, and discussions about goals of care. NIV demonstrated efficacy in managing breathlessness, with considerations for device limitations. Opioids were effective, though predominantly studied in non-ALS patients. Non-pharmacological strategies varied in efficacy among patients.
CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the need for individualized approaches in managing breathlessness in ALS. PALC, NIV, opioids, and non-pharmacological strategies each play a role, with unique considerations. Further research, especially ALS-specific self-management studies, is warranted.
Understanding the role of the microbiome in inflammatory diseases requires the identification of microbial effector molecules. We established an approach to link disease-associated microbes to microbial metabolites by integrating paired metagenomics, stool and plasma metabolomics, and culturomics. We identified host-microbial interactions correlated with disease activity, inflammation, and the clinical course of ulcerative colitis (UC) in the Predicting Response to Standardized Colitis Therapy (PROTECT) pediatric inception cohort. In severe disease, metabolite changes included increased dipeptides and tauro-conjugated bile acids (BAs) and decreased amino-acid-conjugated BAs in stool, whereas in plasma polyamines (N-acetylputrescine and N1-acetylspermidine) increased. Using patient samples and Veillonella parvula as a model, we uncovered nitrate- and lactate-dependent metabolic pathways, experimentally linking V. parvula expansion to immunomodulatory tryptophan metabolite production. Additionally, V. parvula metabolizes immunosuppressive thiopurine drugs through xdhA xanthine dehydrogenase, potentially impairing the therapeutic response. Our findings demonstrate that the microbiome contributes to disease-associated metabolite changes, underscoring the importance of these interactions in disease pathology and treatment.
The present project will embark upon identifying novel PTH-specific biomarkers by incorporating a plethora of scientific approaches. First, clinical biomarkers will be assessed by deep phenotyping of clinical characteristics and associated comorbidities using a semi-structured interview and multiple validated questionnaires. Second, biochemical biomarkers will be determined by plasma levels measurements of blood markers for headache hypersensitivity and neuronal/axonal damage. Third, imaging biomarkers will be established by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess structural and functional changes in the brain. Lastly, molecular biomarkers will be identified by examining whether intravenous infusion of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) provokes headache attacks mimicking the usual headache phenotype in subjects with PTH. This would determine whether PTH patients exhibit hypersensitivity to CGRP (molecular biomarker) and advance our understanding of the complex pathophysiological events that constitute the headache phenotypes in PTH sufferers.
BACKGROUND: Chronic lung disease (CLD) is common among children with HIV (CWH) including in those taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Azithromycin has both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects and has been effective in improving lung function in a variety of lung diseases. We investigated lung function trajectories among CWH with CLD on ART enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of adjuvant azithromycin. We also investigated factors that modified the effect of azithromycin on lung function.
METHODS: The study used data from a double-blinded placebo-controlled trial conducted in Malawi and Zimbabwe of 48 weeks on azithromycin (BREATHE: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02426112) among CWH aged 6 to 19 years taking ART for at least six months who had a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) z-score <-1.0. Participants had a further follow-up period of 24 weeks after intervention cessation. FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC were measured at baseline, 24, 48 and 72-weeks and z-scores values calculated. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) models were used to determine the mean effect of azithromycin on lung-function z-scores at each follow-up time point.
RESULTS: Overall, 347 adolescents (51% male, median age 15 years) were randomized to azithromycin or placebo. The median duration on ART was 6.2 (interquartile range: 3.8-8.6) years and 56.2% had an HIV viral load < 1000copies/ml at baseline. At baseline, the mean FEV1 z-score was - 2.0 (0.7) with 44.7% (n = 155) having an FEV1 z-score <-2, and 10.1% had microbiological evidence of azithromycin resistance. In both trial arms, FEV1 and FVC z-scores improved by 24 weeks but appeared to decline thereafter. The adjusted overall mean difference in FEV1 z-score between the azithromycin and placebo arms was 0.004 [-0.08, 0.09] suggesting no azithromycin effect and this was similar for other lung function parameters. There was no evidence of interaction between azithromycin effect and baseline age, lung function, azithromycin resistance or HIV viral load.
CONCLUSION: There was no observed azithromycin effect on lung function z-scores at any time point suggesting no therapeutic effect on lung function.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02426112. First registered on 24/04/2015.
Partial or complete expulsion of Mirena may occur resulting in the loss of efficacy. Expulsion may be associated with symptoms of bleeding or pain, or it may be asymptomatic and go unnoticed. Mirena typically decreases menstrual bleeding over time; therefore, an increase of menstrual bleeding may be indicative of an expulsion. Consider further diagnostic imaging, such as x-ray, if expulsion is suspected based on ultrasound [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)]. In clinical trials, a 4.5% expulsion rate was reported over the 5-year study duration.

The risk of expulsion is increased with insertions immediately after delivery and appears to be increased with insertion after second-trimester abortion based on limited data. In a large postmarketing safety study conducted in the US, the risk of expulsion was lower with breastfeeding status [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].

Remove a partially expelled Mirena. If expulsion has occurred, a new Mirena can be inserted any time the provider can be reasonably certain the woman is not pregnant.
Pectin, preferably in the proportion of 2 to 5 per cent, is added to insulin solutions for injection so as to increase the viscosity and prolong the duration of the blood-sugar-reducing action.  Preferably the solution is adjusted to a weakly acid reaction by addition of sufficient sodium carbonate to partly neutralize the acid groups in the pectin whilst leaving the insulin completely in solution. Reference is made to the known preparations of insulin with protamines prepared from salmon sperm.  The addition of gum arabic and of gelatin to insulin solutions is also referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 refers to the addition of pectin to medical injections in general and to pituitrin solution as an example.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/Motivational Interviewing group consisted of four group sessions focused on using motivational interviewing to enhance motivation to quit smoking and on presenting cognitive-behavioral techniques for preparing to cut down or quit smoking. The following four topics were covered in this program: 1) Positive and Negative Aspects of Smoking, 2) Concerns and Hopes about Cutting Down or Quitting, 3) Small Changes that Can Help You Get Motivated, and 4) Planning for the Future.
PURPOSE: To obtain a heat shock protein synthesis suppressing agent having a molecular weight of 47kD, comprising a specific glucoprotein complex, capable of suppressing the synthesis of collagen, and useful for treating diseases exhibiting the disease states of extracellular matrix production sthenia, such as cirrhosis. CONSTITUTION: This HSP 47 synthesis suppressing agent contains as an active ingredient the glucoprotein complex (e.g. PSK) obtained from the mycelia, cultured product or fruit body of a Basidomycetes [e.g. Coriolus versicolor (Fr) Quel (FERM-P2412)] belonging to the genus Coriolus. The complex is preferably obtained extracting the mycelia or fruit bodies with a 0.01-2N alkaline aqueous solution in an amount of 5-200 times that of the cell raw material (dry weight) at 80-98 deg.C for 20min to 10hr, treating the extract by an ultrafiltration method and/or a reverse osmotic pressure method to remove low molecular products having molecular weights of 5000 or less from the extract. The objective agent contains the active ingredient in an amount of 0.1-80wt.%. The suppressing agent is usually administered at a daily dose of 1mg to 50g for an adult in terms of active ingredient.