anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Flavonoid pharmaceutical composition, preparation and application. The invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical compositions, and in particular relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating dermatitis and skin injury caused by radiation, and a preparation and application thereof. The pharmaceutical composition comprises naringenin, quercetin and genistein. The preparation is prepared from the pharmaceutical composition. The pharmaceutical composition can be used for preparing medicines for preventing and treating radiation dermatitis. The pharmaceutical composition can be used for treating and repairing radiodermatitis, particularly preventing and relieving the occurrence of moderate and severe radiodermatitis, and has good application value.
NEW MATERIAL:A riboflavin derivative expressed by the formula (M is alkaline metal atom). USE:Having vitamin B2 acid activity, useful in the field of medicines, etc., effectively used as a controlling agent for red tide and capable of exhibiting a high solubility in water. PREPARATION:Vitamin B2 acid is neutralized with, e.g., sodium or potassium hydroxide, to afford the compound expressed by the formula. The vitamin B2 acid is normally used as an aqueous solution in 0.1-100mml/l concentration and the reaction temperature is ambient temperature to 80 deg.C. As a specific example, the vitamin B2 acid is dissolved in water, concentrated in a concentrator and then placed in a reactor having a stirrer. An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is subsequently added at ambient temperature and pH7.53 in a state of shielded light while stirring. After the addition, reaction is carried out for 3-hr. The reaction mixture is concentrated and filtered and the filtrate is freeze- dried in a freeze-dryer to provide sodium salt of the vitamin B2 acid.
Brain stimulation will occur over two sessions. Both sessions will occur with sham stimulation then active stimulation. There will be a 3 day rest period between the two muscle groups.
Obesity is a complex disease with numerous molecular and metabolic implications that could be prevented through proper diet and lifestyle. Native corn is a promissory underutilized plant species containing bioactive compounds that could reduce the impact of obesity. This research aimed to characterize and evaluate the anti-obesogenic effect of a polyphenols-rich extract of native corn ('Elotes Occidentales') in HFD-fed mice. The powdered extract was administered using gelatins to C57BL/6 J mice randomly divided into four groups (n:8/group) for 13 weeks: standard diet (SD) group, HFD group, HFD+200 mg extract/kg body weight (BW), and HFD+400 mg extract/kg BW/day. Ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and kaempferol were the most abundant phenolics (2022.44-4028.43 µg/g). Among the HFD groups, the highest dose of the extracts promoted the lowest BW gain, and fasting triglycerides and cholesterol levels. Moreover, the HFD+400 mg/kg BW group showed the lowest epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue weight and adipocytes' diameter and area between the HFD-treated animals. The extract administration prevented hepatic lipid accumulation. Rutin demonstrated the highest in silico binding affinity with proteins from the AMPK pathway (ACACA, SIRT1, and SREBP1) (-6.70 to -8.70 kcal/mol). Results indicated beneficial effects in alleviating obesity-associated parameters in vivo due to bioactive compounds from native maize extracts.
The invention provides a yin-nourishing medicinal and edible traditional Chinese medicine ointment and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ointment comprises the following raw materials: 3-9g of white chrysanthemum, 9-15g of lily, 9-15g of polygonatum, 9-30g of Chinese yam, 12-20g of rhizoma polygonati, 9-15g of mulberry, 9-12g of medlar, 6g of honey-fried licorice root, 9-15g of Chinese angelica, 6g of fingered citron, 9-25g of spina date seed and 9-15g of donkey-hide gelatin. Soaking the above materials (except colla Corii Asini); step two: heating with strong fire to boil, and then heating with slow fire to keep boiling state; step three: the Chinese medicinal ointment is prepared by the steps of decocting one time or decocting two times, mixing decoctions after the two times of decoction and the like, and the white chrysanthemum is used for clearing heat and improving eyesight, calming the liver and nourishing the liver; rhizoma Polygonati Odorati has effects of nourishing yin, moistening lung, promoting fluid production and nourishing stomach. Lily, bulbus Lilii has the action of moistening lung, relieving cough, clearing heart fire and tranquilizing mind. Licorice root, radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata is a major component of the five viscera, and is effective in invigorating spleen, replenishing qi, moistening lung, relieving cough, relieving pain, and removing toxic substances. Rhizoma polygonati has effects of moistening lung, nourishing yin, tonifying spleen and replenishing qi. Chinese yam can tonify qi, nourish yin, and invigorate spleen, lung and kidney. Fructus Lycii has effects of nourishing liver and kidney, improving eyesight, and moistening lung. Mulberry nourishes yin and enriches blood, engenders fluid and moistens intestines. Semen Ziziphi Spinosae has effects of nourishing heart yin, benefiting liver blood, tranquilizing, and arresting sweating.
Single 45 mg MK-7622 capsule once daily, taken orally. Dose escalated as follows: 15 mg MK-7622 once daily for 1 week; 30 mg MK-7622 once daily for 1 week; and 45 mg MK-7622 once daily for the remainder of treatment.
The SMBG group will additionally undergo blinded CGM at weeks 1 and 2, weeks 4 to 6 and weeks 9 to 12 using the Dexcom G6 system. Participants in this group will be shown how to insert the Dexcom G6 at the first clinic visit and sensors provided so they can do this at home.
Disclosed herein is a clinical decision support system for predicting a diagnosis of musculoskeletal pathologies, in accordance with some embodiments. Accordingly, the clinical decision support system may include a communication device, a processing device, and a storage device. Further, the communication device may be configured for transmitting questions to a first device and receiving responses corresponding to the questions from the first device. Further, the communication device may be configured for transmitting a prediction to a second device. Further, the processing device may be communicatively coupled with the communication device. Further, the processing device may be configured for analyzing the responses based on a knowledge repository and generating the prediction of a diagnosis of a musculoskeletal pathology using a machine learning model based on the analyzing. Further, the storage device may be communicatively coupled with the processing device. Further, the storage device may be configured for retrieving the knowledge repository.
This is a randomized, open-label, single-center, single-dose, 2 treatment, 2 way crossover study. It consists of 3 phases: a screening phase beginning within 21 days before the first study drug administration; an open label treatment phase consisting of 2 treatment periods (Period 1 and Period 2), during which patients will receive 2 single doses of 3 mg paliperidone ER; and end of study evaluations upon completion of all the study procedures in Period 2 or at early withdrawal. All volunteers will receive each of the following 2 treatments in random order: Treatment A: 1 tablet of 3 mg paliperidone ER in the fasted state; Treatment B: one 20 mg paroxetine tablet once a day from Day 1 to Day 13 and 1 tablet of 3 mg paliperidone ER on Day 10 in the fasted state. Successive paliperidone ER administrations will be separated by a washout period of at least 14 days and no more than 28 days. Paroxetine is a potent and selective CYP2D6 inhibitor. Inhibitors of CYP2D6 such as paroxetine have been reported to increase the plasma concentrations of antipsychotics such as perphenazine, clozapine, and risperidone. Because paliperidone ER and paroxetine could potentially be used in combination in schizophrenic patients, the potential for a drug-drug interaction between paroxetine and paliperidone ER needs to be explored.The safety and tolerability of the 3 mg tablet of paliperidone ER administered with and without paroxetine to healthy men will be monitored.

Two single oral doses of paliperidone ER 3-mg; 20-mg paroxetine orally once a day for 13 days
### Digoxin:

Studies in healthy volunteers have shown that TIKOSYN does not affect the pharmacokinetics of digoxin. In patients, the concomitant administration of digoxin with dofetilide was associated with a higher occurrence of Torsade de Pointes. It is not clear whether this represents an interaction with TIKOSYN or the presence of more severe structural heart disease in patients on digoxin; structural heart disease is a known risk factor for arrhythmia. No increase in mortality was observed in patients taking digoxin as concomitant medication.

### Other Drugs:

In healthy volunteers, amlodipine, phenytoin, glyburide, ranitidine, omeprazole, hormone replacement therapy (a combination of conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone), antacid (aluminum and magnesium hydroxides), and theophylline did not affect the pharmacokinetics of TIKOSYN. In addition, studies in healthy volunteers have shown that TIKOSYN does not affect the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of warfarin, or the pharmacokinetics of propranolol (40 mg twice daily), phenytoin, theophylline, or oral contraceptives.

Population pharmacokinetic analyses were conducted on plasma concentration data from 1445 patients in clinical trials to examine the effects of concomitant medications on clearance or volume of distribution of dofetilide. Concomitant medications were grouped as ACE inhibitors, oral anticoagulants, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, cardiac glycosides, inducers of CYP3A4, substrates and inhibitors of CYP3A4, substrates and inhibitors of P-glycoprotein, nitrates, sulphonylureas, loop diuretics, potassium sparing diuretics, thiazide diuretics, substrates and inhibitors of tubular organic cation transport, and QTc-prolonging drugs. Differences in clearance between patients on these medications (at any occasion in the study) and those off medications varied between -16% and +3%. The mean clearances of dofetilide were 16% and 15% lower in patients on thiazide diuretics and inhibitors of tubular organic cation transport, respectively.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify and analyze the risk factors associated with Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis (CNM) in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) patients.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study involving the clinicopathological data of 2384 PTC patients admitted to our hospital between January 2016 and December 2020. All relevant data were statistically processed and analyzed.
RESULTS: The related risk factors for Central Lymph Node Metastasis (CLNM) were gender (male), age (≤ 30 years old), tumor lesion size (> 0.855 cm), and multifocal tumor foci. The ROC curve revealed that the critical value for predicting CLNM based on tumor lesion size was 0.855 (sensitivity = 57.9%, specificity = 69%, AUC = 0.269, and P < 0.05). Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis (LLNM) was positively correlated with tumor diameter. Specifically, the LLNM rate increased with the tumor diameter. LLNM occurrence was significantly higher in zones II, III, and IV than in zones I and V. Although the BRAF gene mutation detection assay has certain clinical benefits in diagnosing PTC and LLNM, no statistically significant difference was found in its relationship with central and lateral neck lymph node metastases (P = 0.741).
CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that CLNM is associated with gender (male), age (≤ 30 years old), tumor lesion size (> 0.855 cm), and multiple tumor lesions in PTC patients. Central Lymph Node Dissection (CLND) is recommended for patients with these risk factors. On the other hand, preoperative ultrasound examination, fine-needle pathological examination, and genetic testing should be used to determine whether Lateral Cervical Lymph Node Dissection (LLND) is needed.
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), a proinflammatory cytokine, plays a significant role in mediating the effects of acute inflammation in response to allergens, pollutants, and respiratory infections. Previously, we showed that acute exposure to TNFα induces mitochondrial fragmentation in human airway smooth muscle (hASM) cells, which is associated with increased expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). Phosphorylation of DRP1 at serine 616 (pDRP1S616) promotes its translocation and binding to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and mediates mitochondrial fragmentation. Previously, we reported that TNFα exposure triggers protein unfolding and triggers an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response involving phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (pIRE1α) at serine 724 (pIRE1αS724) and subsequent splicing of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) in hASM cells. We hypothesize that TNFα-mediated activation of the pIRE1αS724/XBP1s ER stress pathway in hASM cells transcriptionally activates genes that encode kinases responsible for pDRP1S616 phosphorylation. Using 3-D confocal imaging of MitoTracker green-labeled mitochondria, we found that TNFα treatment for 6 h induces mitochondrial fragmentation in hASM cells. We also confirmed that 6 h TNFα treatment activates the pIRE1α/XBP1s ER stress pathway. Using in silico analysis and ChIP assay, we showed that CDK1 and CDK5, kinases involved in the phosphorylation of pDRP1S616, are transcriptionally targeted by XBP1s. TNFα treatment increased the binding affinity of XBP1s on the promoter regions of CDK1 and CDK5, and this was associated with an increase in pDRP1S616 and mitochondria fragmentation. This study reveals a new underlying molecular mechanism for TNFα-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in hASM cells.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Airway inflammation is increasing worldwide. Proinflammatory cytokines mediate an adaptive mechanism to overcome inflammation-induced cellular stress. Previously, we reported that TNFα mediates hASM cellular responses, leading to increased force and ATP consumption associated with increased O2 consumption, and oxidative stress. This study indicates that TNFα induces ER stress, which induces mitochondrial fragmentation via pIRE1αS724/XBP1s mediated CDK1/5 upregulation and pDRP1S616 phosphorylation. Mitochondrial fragmentation may promote hASM mitochondrial biogenesis to maintain healthy mitochondrial pool.
Pediatric depression is a prevalent and morbid disorder estimated to affect up to 12% of youth in the United States by the time they reach adolescence. Recent research has documented that even minor symptoms of depression as captured through the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Anxiety/Depression scale are strongly associated with the subsequent development of major depression. While treatments with antidepressants and psychotherapy are available, antidepressants can be associated with adverse effects including manic activation and psychosocial interventions are costly and not wide available. This state of affairs supports the search for safe and effective alternative treatments.

One such opportunity is transcranial LED therapy, also known as transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM). The treatment consists of exposing the frontal brain to the tPBM bilaterally, which is hypothesized to enhance adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in depressed subjects. tPBM is a non-ionizing electromagnetic wave. It is invisible, penetrates the skin and skull into brain tissue, is non-invasive, is minimally dissipated as thermal energy, and is mainly absorbed by specific chromophores. The benefits of tPBM are wavelength specific. A mitochondrial enzyme, the cytochrome c oxidase, is the primary chromophore for the tPBM, with a wavelength around 830 nm. The energy absorbed by the cytochrome c oxidase leads to increased ATP production through the respiratory chain. Ultimately, the increased ATP is thought to lead to increased energy metabolism for the cell, and it is hypothesized that a signaling cascade is activated promoting cellular plasticity and cytoprotection. These properties of the tPBM have led to novel therapeutic applications in psychiatry. A preliminary open label study in 10 depressed subjects has shown that the tPBM was safe, effective and well tolerated in depressed adults. Further research confirmed these findings and shown tPBM therapy to be a promising intervention for adults with MDD. However, whether this non-invasive intervention may be safe and effective in pediatric depression remains unknown.

To this end the investigators propose a pilot study is to evaluate whether tPBM is safe and effective in the treatment of pediatric depression. This study will enroll 30 youth of both sexes 6-17 years with active symptoms of depression as assessed through elevated scores on the CBCL Anxiety/depression scale. Based on the adult literature, investigators hypothesize that it will be safe and effective in this population.
BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis may present a diagnostic dilemma. The aim of this study was to review the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of paediatric acute appendicitis.
METHOD: Ultrasound studies performed for investigation of appendicitis during 2015-2021 were retrieved from a tertiary paediatric hospital database and reviewed. Medical records were reviewed to determine operative intervention, further imaging, and final diagnosis. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, predictivity, and overall accuracy. All appendicectomy specimens underwent histopathological confirmation. This study was approved by the local Human Research Ethics Committee.
RESULTS: A total of 8555 consecutive ultrasound examinations were performed during the study period. Mean patient age was 10.8 years ( ± 3.7). Overall diagnostic accuracy was 96.1% (8221/8555) with a visualisation rate of 91.0%. Sensitivity and specificity were 96.2% (CI 95.3-97.0%) and 96.1% (CI 95.6-96.5%), respectively. When limited to positive/negative scans, sensitivity was 99.6% (CI 99.2-99.8%) and specificity 99.0% (CI 98.7-99.3%). Positive and negative predictive values were 96.9% and 99.9%, respectively. Repeat ultrasound following a non-diagnostic scan led to a definitive diagnosis in 76.1%. Negative appendicectomy rate was 5.5% overall in children who had undergone pre-operative ultrasound (107/1938), and 4.4% when other surgical pathologies were excluded.
CONCLUSION: Ultrasound examination provides gold-standard accuracy in the diagnosis of paediatric appendicitis and reduces rates of negative appendicectomy. Given the disadvantages of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound should be considered the first-line investigation of choice in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
Potentiation of a patient's immune response to HIV might possibly prolong the period of clinical latency and protect the patient indefinitely. Preliminary results from a study of Immuno-AG recombinant gp160 vaccine in healthy volunteers not infected with HIV suggest that the vaccine is safe and produces antibodies against the virus. Because another previous study failed to demonstrate a specific anti-HIV response in patients injected with a recombinant vaccinia virus containing HIV-1 genes, this study is also testing the immunotherapeutic role of other immunizations (such as hepatitis B vaccination) that would be expected to induce a nonspecific immune response in HIV-infected persons.

Fifty-five healthy HIV-positive volunteers are randomly assigned to one of the following treatment arms: six injections (arm I) or four injections (arm II) of HIV-1 gp160 vaccine, four injections of hepatitis B vaccine as a non-HIV viral vaccine control (arm III), or six placebo injections consisting of the adjuvant vehicle used for the gp160 vaccine (arm IV). Immunizations or placebo are given at 4-week intervals for 5 months. To maintain blinding, adjuvant vehicle placebo is administered on days 84 and 112 to those volunteers receiving four instead of six vaccine injections (arms II and III). Volunteers are followed at 4-month intervals for 2 years.
Risk Summary

Based on animal studies and the mechanism of action, sirolimus can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Data, Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. There are limited data on the use of sirolimus during pregnancy; however, these data are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. In animal studies, sirolimus was embryo/fetotoxic in rats at sub-therapeutic doses [see Data]. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.

Data 

Animal Data

Sirolimus crossed the placenta and was toxic to the conceptus.

In rat embryo-fetal development studies, pregnant rats were administered sirolimus orally during the period of organogenesis (Gestational Day 6-15). Sirolimus produced embryo-fetal lethality at 0.5 mg/kg (2.5-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg, on a body surface area basis) and reduced fetal weight at 1 mg/kg (5-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg). The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for fetal toxicity in rats was 0.1 mg/kg (0.5-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg). Maternal toxicity (weight loss) was observed at 2 mg/kg (10-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg). The NOAEL for maternal toxicity was 1 mg/kg. In combination with cyclosporine, rats had increased embryo-fetal mortality compared with sirolimus alone.

In rabbit embryo-fetal development studies, pregnant rabbits were administered sirolimus orally during the period of organogenesis (Gestational Day 6-18). There were no effects on embryo-fetal development at doses up to 0.05 mg/kg (0.5-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg, on a body surface area basis); however, at doses of 0.05 mg/kg and above, the ability to sustain a successful pregnancy was impaired (i.e., embryo-fetal abortion or early resorption). Maternal toxicity (decreased body weight) was observed at 0.05 mg/kg. The NOAEL for maternal toxicity was 0.025 mg/kg (0.25-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg).

In a pre- and post-natal development study in rats, pregnant females were dosed during gestation and lactation (Gestational Day 6 through Lactation Day 20). An increased incidence of dead pups, resulting in reduced live litter size, occurred at 0.5 mg/kg (2.5-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg/kg on a body surface area basis). At 0.1 mg/kg (0.5-fold the clinical dose of 2 mg), there were no adverse effects on offspring. Sirolimus did not cause maternal toxicity or affect developmental parameters in the surviving offspring (morphological development, motor activity, learning, or fertility assessment) at 0.5 mg/kg, the highest dose tested.