anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR)-melanocortin pathway plays well-established roles in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight homeostasis. Dysfunctions in this system, such as loss-of-function mutations in the Htr2c gene, can lead to hyperphagia and obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic strategies for ameliorating hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, and obesity associated with a loss-of-function mutation in the Htr2c gene (Htr2cF327L/Y). We demonstrated that reexpressing functional 5-HT2CR solely in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons is sufficient to reduce food intake and body weight in Htr2cF327L/Y mice subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD). In addition, 5-HT2CR expression restores the responsiveness of POMC neurons to lorcaserin, a selective agonist for 5-HT2CR. Similarly, administration of melanotan II, an agonist of the melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R), effectively suppresses feeding and weight gain in Htr2cF327L/Y mice. Strikingly, promoting wheel-running activity in Htr2cF327L/Y mice results in a decrease in HFD consumption and improved glucose homeostasis. Together, our findings underscore the crucial role of the melanocortin system in alleviating hyperphagia and obesity related to dysfunctions of the 5-HT2CR, and further suggest that MC4R agonists and lifestyle interventions might hold promise in counteracting hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, and obesity in individuals carrying rare variants of the Htr2c gene.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a solid preparation which is a coline esterase inhibitor and can prevent and cure senile dementia by suitably formulating benzoazepines and vehicles. SOLUTION: This preparation contains a compound of the formula [X is R<1> -N (R<1> is H or a hydrocarbon and an acyl capable of substituting), O and S; R<2> is H or a hydrocarbon capable of substituting; a cyclic ring A is benzene ring capable of substituting; (k) is 0-3; (m) is 1-8; (n) is 1-6] or its organic acid salt and manitol used as a vehicle for ordinary preparation. Further, lactose can be formulated in an amount of less than 30w/w% of manitol. However, the content of lactose is preferable to be substantially 0w/w%, because an active ingredient is unstable in the presence of lactose. By a usual method, it is pharmaceutically manufactured as a variety of solid preparations suitable to oral administration. The preparation is administrated at a dose of 0.01-100mg a day, optimally 0.3-10mg 1-3 times, to an adult (body weight 60kg).  It is effective for prevention and treatment of senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's chorea, hyperkinesis and mania.
Avatrombopag will be administered orally as 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg or 40 mg in a flexible dose design for 26 weeks. Participants will receive blinded therapy at a starting dose of 20 mg avatrombopag, once daily and allow to have their dose titrated up (maximum dose of 40 mg avatrombopag) or down (minimum dose of 5 mg avatrombopag) depending on their response to study drug.
The diagnosis of a life-threatening pediatric heart condition impacts both the future of a child and the health and quality of life of the family. Parents of a child with this diagnosis are faced with the stress of comprehending extensive information about the diagnosis and treatment options, and are required to make immediate and profound choices about interventions that will have long-lasting repercussions. To provide the best care at this challenging time, it is crucial to find methods to improve parent-provider shared decision making (SDM) and to encourage the inclusion of both patient-centered and family-centered outcomes. One method commonly used to improve SDM are decision aids (DA). DAs are designed to 1) provide accurate and balanced information; 2) clarify patients' values; and 3) improve SDM skills. A Cochrane review showed that DAs contribute to effective SDM by: 1) increasing knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment options, 2) increasing patient and practitioner participation in SDM, 3) reducing uncertainty and decisional conflict, 4) improving concordance between preference and treatment received, and 5) improving patient-provider communication.

Values clarification exercises (VCE) are occasionally included in DAs to help patients clarify their values about the treatment decision. Although these exercises are often used, they are poorly tested. Previous systematic reviews have failed to identify rigorous research studies to answer questions regarding whether VCE improves patient decision making processes. This project aims to determine the impact of the DA with and without the VCE on longitudinal parent mental health, decision quality and perceptions of patient-provider communication. Specifically, we will test the impact of decision aids (DA vs. no DA, and DA with and without the VCE) on mental health outcomes (e.g., anxiety, complicated grief), decision quality (e.g., quality of the decision, parent-provider communication), and provider experience (e.g., satisfaction with interacting with patients who used the tool). In the development of the DA and VCE, we conducted focus groups and interviews in Utah, Illinois, Washington, D.C, and North Carolina with parents whose fetus/neonate had been diagnosed with complex CHD. The main goal of this study is to determine the impact of the DA with and without the VCE on longitudinal parent mental health, decision quality and provider experience.
The shaken baby syndrome was originally proposed in the 1970s without any formal scientific basis. Once data generated by scientific research was available, the hypothesis became controversial. There developed essentially two sides in the debate. One side claimed that the clinical triad of subdural haemorrhage, retinal haemorrhage, and encephalopathy, or its components, is evidence that an infant has been shaken. The other side stated this is not a scientifically valid proposal and that alternative causes, such as low falls and natural diseases, should be considered. The controversy continues, but the contours have shifted. During the last 15 years, research has shown that the triad is not sufficient to infer shaking or abuse and the shaking hypothesis does not meet the standards of evidence-based medicine. This raises the issue of whether it is fit for either clinical practice or for the courtroom; evidence presented to the courts must be unassailable. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: There is insufficient scientific evidence to assume that an infant with the triad of subdural haemorrhage (SDH), retinal haemorrhage, and encephalopathy must have been shaken. Biomechanical and animal studies have failed to support the hypothesis that shaking can cause SDH and retinal haemorrhage. Patterns of retinal haemorrhage cannot distinguish abuse. Retinal haemorrhages are commonly associated with extracerebral fluid collections (including SDH) but not with shaking. Infants can develop SDH, retinal haemorrhage, and encephalopathy from natural diseases and falls as low as 1 foot. The shaking hypothesis and the literature on which it depends do not meet the standards of evidence-based medicine.
Background: In this study, it was aimed to examine the effect of using Web Based Double-Eye Control Program as a new decision support system in preventing errors and standardization in high-risk medications of pediatric nurses.

Methods: The study was carried out as a quasi-experimental study in the Pediatric Surgery Clinics of a university hospital using the "Pre-Test-Post-Test Model in a Single Group". The sample of the study consisted of all high-risk drugs (532 before the intervention, 538 after the intervention, a total of 1070 drug doses) administered by 24 nurses working in these clinics, taking part in medication and agreeing to take part in the study. Data were collected by the researcher using the Medication Observation Form. The Form was created based on the literature, and by making use of the "10 Correct Rules in Medication" and the Medication Skills Steps in the Double Eye Control Program. In the first step, medication error rates were determined through observation method. In the second step; the Web-Based Double-Eye Control Program, which is a standard drug dose calculation and medication program created by the researchers, was started to be implemented. Medication error rates were determined again through post-intervention observation method. Informed voluntary consent, ethics committee and hospital permissions were obtained for the implementation of the study.
The present invention provides ophthalmic double and triple compound pharmaceutical compositions for treating glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The stability of the pharmaceutical compositions is obviously improved by means of a salt modification technology. The double compound pharmaceutical composition is prepared from a netarsudil free alkali or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an adrenergic β receptor blocker. The triple compound pharmaceutical composition is prepared from a netarsudil free alkali or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an adrenergic β receptor blocker, and a prostaglandin analog. The double and triple compound pharmaceutical compositions have excellent stability at pH 4.5-5.4. An effective amount of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are administered once a day to the eyes of patients in need thereof at or near bedtime, such that the intraocular pressure can be efficiently and quickly reduced and is maintained in a physiological range more persistently, showing small side effects and high patient compliance.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject pharmaceutical preparation capable of suppressing hydrolysis and deterioration in activities of growth hormones and sustainedly releasing the growth hormones for a long period. SOLUTION: This sustained release pharmaceutical preparation for parenteral administration comprises growth hormones and a tri- or a tetraester of a polyglycerol with a 16-30C saturated fatty acid. The tri- or tetraester composes a matrix which is a solid at normal temperature. The growth hormones are dispersed in the matrix. The average degree of polymerization of the polyglycerol is about 4 and the saturated fatty acid includes palmitic acid, stearic acid, etc. The matrix may be a columnar or a granular shape. The pharmaceutical preparation for the parenteral administration can be utilized as a percutaneously or intramuscularly administered solid parenteral injection (a pellet, etc.), a suppository, etc., and is capable of releasing the growth hormones over a period of >=1 week.
PURPOSE: To obtain a color tone cosmetic composition without requiring a complex treating process and excellent in color-expression, color-retention, use feeling and spreadability by using Phaffia yeast cells as they are for utilizing the effective content in the Phaffia yeast without damaging. CONSTITUTION: This Phaffia yeast powdery material is obtained by sterilizing the yeast of the genus Phaffia, dispersing the yeast in a distilled water e.g. so as to become <=20 wt.% solid content concentration and spray drying to obtain a raw material having an excellent use feeling without aggregating the cells. A color tone cosmetic composition is obtained by using the obtained yeast of the genus Phaffia powdery material as an active ingredient. As the yeast of the genus Phaffia, Phaffia rhodozyma strain, and astaxanthin-producing mutants, β-carotene-accumulating mutants and white carotenoid-based pigment- producing mutants therof are cited. The content of the yeast of the genus Phaffia powdery material is preferably 0.1-50 wt.% based on the total weight of the color tone cosmetic composition.
Part 1: This study will include 40 patients with MDD and 40 healthy control participants. Infrared thermography (IRT), laser doppler flowmetry (LDF), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (FNIS), and digital pressure pain gauge (PPG), respectively, will be adopted to assess 4 kinds of biological specificity of MDD related acupoints, namely, the thermal transport specificity, the microcirculatory specificity, the metabolic specificity, and the pain sensitivity specificity. Based on the results of this study, we will select acupoints with statistical differences between the two groups as the strong reaction acupoints and the remaining acupoints as the weak reaction acupoints.

Part 2: A total of 120 participants with MDD who meet the inclusion criteria will be included in the study. All participants will receive basic treatment of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) antidepressants. They will be randomly divided into the acupuncture (strong reaction acupoints) group, acupuncture (weak reaction acupoints) group, and sham acupuncture group. We will evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of acupuncture for MDD, furthermore, to demonstrate whether stimulating strong reaction acupoints has more advantages in the treatment of MDD than weak reaction acupoints.
Uganda experiences high morbidity and costs due to uncontrolled asthma. Poor asthma control in adolescents is partly attributed to inadequate asthma education; indicating that education and self-management programs are essential components of asthma control. Adolescents with poorly controlled asthma are reported to have improved asthma control after using a smart phone application in outpatient setting studies. However, there is paucity of data on the effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability of smart phone applications in the control of asthma among adolescent secondary school students in low resource settings. This study will evaluate the effectiveness, acceptability and feasibility of the "KmAsthma" self-management app in improving the control of asthma among day scholar secondary school adolescents in Kampala City Uganda.

This study is a 6-month cluster randomized, controlled, single-centre, single-blinded, pragmatic parallel trial, with two arms and a primary endpoint of improving the control of uncontrolled asthma measured as change in individual mean scores on the Asthma control questionnaire during a self-management intervention delivered by the "KmAsthma" smartphone app. The study will compare students with uncontrolled asthma in the intervention group using the "KmAsthma" smartphone app (T) with the students in the control arm (C) who will receive no intervention. Data will be analysed by summarizing descriptive statistics; determining odds ratios for asthma control using logistic regression models, using repeated measures ANCOVA for repeated continuous measurements. Permission from CEU and approval from SOMREC and UNCST will be sought. Informed and written consent and assent will sought. Dissemination will be through publications and presentations in local and international conferences. The findings may contribute to filling the gap leading to overall unsatisfactory asthma control in adolescents.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To manufacture hydroxy-apatite nano particles in a certain shape, large crystallization with large surface area. SOLUTION: A hydroxy-atatite nano particle is 50 nm-5 μm in a maximum diameter of a minor axis and 75 nm-10 μm in a maximum diameter of a major axis. The particle is grown in a c-axis direction with a 1-5 aspect ratio (c-axis length/a-axis length) of crystallization, and is truncated column structure having an oblique angle plane at a top-end angle. In manufacturing the hydroxy-apatite fine particles, a calcium solution and a phosphoric acid solution are dissolved in, mixed with, and reacted to a surfactant/water/oil type emulsion phase at a surfactant clouding point or more. By changing ratio of a surfactant functional group and a hydrophile/hydrophobe ratio, a size of hydroxy-apatite nano particles is controlled.  The hydroxy-apatite nano particles are used for surface modification of organic high polymer in order to enhance reaction of the particles and the matrix, and are suitable as chromatography packing agents.
In data collection, pregnant women will sign an informed consent form before the application. Personal Information Form, VAS Scale, PUQE Scale, Stress Coping Styles Scale and State Anxiety Scale will be filled out. In addition to the routine treatment plan, the application will begin at least 4 hours after the antiemetic administration. The application will continue by chewing mint-flavored gum twice a day for at least 15 minutes for 3 days. The VAS scale will be filled after the morning chewing application, and the VAS Scale, PUQE Scale, Stress Coping Styles Scale and State Anxiety Scale will be filled in after the evening application. The forms of patients discharged during this period will be filled in via phone.
It has been shown recently, without an explanation of the possible molecular mechanisms involved, that 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinepropanesulphonic (EPPS) acid effectively protects from the neurotoxicity induced by oligomers and plaques formed by the protein amyloid-β protein. Here we report the same protective effect, obtained in vitro (HT22-diff cell line) and ex vivo (hippocampal slices) models, against amyloid neurotoxicity induced by oligomers of salmon Calcitonin (sCT), which has been shown to be a good model for the study of neurodegenerative diseases. Based on biophysical studies focusing on the protein aggregation kinetic and the interaction of the aggregates with model membranes, we propose a possible molecular mechanism underlying the protective effects. Taken together, our results indicate that EPPS is able to counteract the direct association (primary aggregation) of harmless low-molecular weight aggregates (dimers and trimers) or their aggregation catalysed by surfaces present in the solution (secondary aggregation). Thus, EPPS stabilizes harmless aggregates and hinders the formation of toxic and metastable prefibrillar oligomers. Overall, our data demonstrate that EPPS is an excellent drug candidate for the treatment of neurodegeneration due to misfolded proteins, such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease.
Participants randomized to the control group will receive the narcology hospital's standard of care, which is detoxification with or without stabilization. Prior to discharge, those identified as HIV-infected are given contact details for an HIV clinic, not an appointment. Upon discharge, patients are encouraged to receive outpatient narcology treatment, monthly, for 1 year. For this study, with regard to linkage to HIV medical care, patients will be given printed information about where to obtain HIV medical care and a resource card containing harm reduction information.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a base foundation easily imparting with a finished fresh skin free from sagging by adding a specific amount of a specific substance to a laminating make-up cosmetic. SOLUTION: This foundation contains 1-2wt.% of titanium mica. Titanium mica is a powdery raw material called also by the name of mica titanium, having pearlescent luster and produced by baking titanium oxide to the surface of mica. Examples of titanium mica are Flamenco sp100 and Flamenco satina 100. The content of the titanium mica is preferably 1.2-1.8wt.%, especially 1.4-1.7wt.%. The base foundation is most preferably an emulsion followed by oil gel and powder. The base foundation exhibits extremely excellent effect when used in combination with a top foundation, however, a make-up effect comparable to conventional foundation can be attemted by the single use of the base foundation for a person liking light make-up.
There has been significant progress in our understanding of the molecular basis by which nociceptors transduce and transmit noxious (tissue damaging) stimuli. This is dependent on ion channels, many of which are selectively expressed in nociceptors. Mutations in such proteins have recently been linked to inherited pain disorders in humans. An exemplar is the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) NaV1.7. Loss of function mutations in NaV1.7 result in congenital inability to experience pain while gain-of-function mutations can cause a number of distinct neuropathic pain disorders, including erythromelalgia, paroxysmal extreme pain disorder, and small-fiber neuropathy. Furthermore, variants in the VGSCs 1.8 and 1.9 have also been linked to human pain disorders. There is a correlation between the impact of mutations on the biophysical properties of the ion channel and the severity of the clinical phenotype. Pain channelopathies are not restricted to VGSCs: a mutation in the ligand-gated ion channel TRPA1, (which responds to environmental irritants) causes a familial episodic pain disorder. Ion channel variants have also been linked to more common neuropathic pain disorders such as painful diabetic neuropathy. Not only do these ion channels present targets for novel analgesics, but stratification based on genotype may improve treatment selection of existing analgesics.
No intervention. Collection of medical/demographic info and salivary RNA in children 5-21 years without history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).
Neuropathic pain is a prevalent form of intermittent chronic pain, affecting approximately 7-10% of the global population. However, the current clinical administration methods, such as injection and oral administration, are mostly one-time administration, which cannot achieve accurate control of pain degree and drug dose. Herein, we developed near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive microneedle patches (MNPs) to spatiotemporally control the drug dose released to treat neuropathic pain according to the onset state. The mechanism of action utilizes upconversion nanoparticles to convert NIR light into visible and ultraviolet light. This conversion triggers the rapid rotation of the azobenzene molecular motor in the mesoporous material, enabling the on-demand controlled release of a drug dose. Additionally, MNs are used to overcome the barrier of the stratum corneum in a minimally invasive and painless manner, effectively promoting the transdermal penetration of drug molecules. The effectiveness of these patches has been demonstrated through significant results. Upon exposure to NIR light for five consecutive cycles, with each cycle lasting 30 s, the patches achieved a precise release of 318 μg of medication. In a mouse model, maximum pain relief was observed within 1 h of one cycle of NIR light exposure, with the effects lasting up to 6 h. The same level of precise treatment efficacy was maintained for subsequent pain episodes with similar light exposure. The NIR-controlled drugs precision-released MNPs provide a novel paradigm for the treatment of intermittent neuropathic pain.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To impart fresh, comfortable, fruity, natural, and elegant odor properties to consumer products by incorporating a specified compd. SOLUTION: Odor properties of a compd. of the formula having a double bond at one of positions indicated by dotted lines in the formula as an amortizing component, which is one of ethyl 2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoate and isomers thereof at (E)- or (Z)-configuration and enables this compd. to be functionally applied to delicate perfumes. Aromatizable products include perfumes, colognes, soaps, bat gels, shower gels, shampoos, and hair care products. The compd. is used in an amt. of 1 to 5wt.% based on the wt. of the aromatizing compsn. If necessary, the compd. may be used in combination with other natural or synthetic essential oil. Ethyl 2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoate is heat-reacted with DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]und-7-7-ene), and the reaction product is isolated to obtain an isomer having a double bond at the 2-position.