anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) usually develop neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), resulting in bladder urgency and incontinence, and reduced quality of life. Electrical stimulation of the genital nerves (GNS) can inhibit uncontrolled bladder contractions in individuals with SCI. An automated closed-loop bladder neuromodulation system currently does not exist but could improve this approach. We have developed a custom algorithm to identify bladder contractions and trigger stimulation from bladder pressure data without need for abdominal pressure measurement. The goal of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of automated closed-loop GNS using our custom algorithm to identify and inhibit reflex bladder contractions in real time. Experiments were conducted in a single session in a urodynamics laboratory in four individuals with SCI and NDO. Each participant completed standard cystometrograms without and with GNS. Our custom algorithm monitored bladder vesical pressure and controlled when GNS was turned on and off. The custom algorithm detected bladder contractions in real time, successfully inhibiting a total of 56 contractions across all four subjects. There were eight false positives, six of those occurring in one subject. It took approximately 4.0 ± 2.6 s for the algorithm to detect the onset of a bladder contraction and trigger stimulation. The algorithm maintained stimulation for approximately 3.5 ± 1.7 s, which was enough to inhibit activity and relieve feelings of urgency. Automated closed-loop stimulation was well-tolerated and subjects reported that algorithm decisions generally matched with their perceptions of bladder activity. The custom algorithm automatically, successfully identified bladder contractions to trigger stimulation to inhibit bladder contractions acutely. Closed-loop neuromodulation using our custom algorithm is feasible, but further testing is needed refine this approach for use in a home environment.
The invention relates to the technical field of drug preparation and discloses an anti-HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) combined drug tablet. The anti-HIV combined drug tablet is characterized by comprising a main ingredient and a secondary ingredient, wherein the main ingredient comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-25% of emtricitabine, 10-30% of tenofovir and 5-25% of elvitegravir; and the secondary ingredient comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-30% of microcrystalline cellulose, 1-5% of indigo, 1-3% of magnesium stearate and the balance of lactose. According to the anti-HIV combined drug tablet, the total weight of the tablet is decreased through prescription formulation and proportioning without changing the drug proportion, so that the clinical convenience is improved. The prescription formulation is simple and reasonable; and the components are common pharmaceutical auxiliary materials which are cheap and easy to get. In practical production, the process is very simple. According to the prescription formulation, the total weight of a single tablet can be controlled at 800mg, the compactibility of the tablet is good, and the disintegration and dissolution time limits are apt to meet the specification. In the production process, direct compression can be carried out without granulation, so that the redundant links of the process are decreased and the production cost is greatly reduced.
Low-dose Naltrexone (LDN): A potential treatment for fibromyalgia (FM)

Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist used for treating opiate and alcohol dependency that blocks the mu receptors and, to a lesser extent, the delta-opioid receptors. There is growing evidence that naltrexone administered in very low doses (i.e. low-dose naltrexone, LDN) -approximately 1/10 of the usual dose, between 1.5-5 mg vs. 50 mg/day- may be useful in managing the various pathologies that alter inflammatory markers, such as Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis and FM.

The anti-inflammatory effect of naltrexone should be produced through the inhibition of TLR-4 (Toll-like receptor 4) activity expressed in the membrane of various immune system cells (e.g. microglia, macrophages). Conversely, due to a "rebound effect", LDN could exercise an analgesic effect that strengthens the endogenous inhibitory system. According to this hypothesis, the low-intensity and intermittent blocking of the opioid receptors generated by LDN should induce a compensatory mechanism that should facilitate an increase in the production of endogenous opioids and greater sensitivity of the system to their effects. To date, the effects of LDN in patients with FM have only been evaluated through crossover pilot studies and have always produced highly promising results. Thus, in the first study conducted with LDN in FM (N= 10), ameliorations in the daily pain, stress and fatigue levels were observed. In the same vein, in a posterior study (N= 31), significant improvements (vs. Placebo) in daily pain (28% vs. 18%), satisfaction with life and mood were also observed. In another single-blind crossover study (N= 8) the pre and post changes in the levels of cytokines in plasma were evaluated over 8 weeks, with reductions in a wide range of inflammatory markers being observed (e.g. IL-1, sIL-1ra, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha), as well as changes in the levels of pain (-15%) and FM symptoms (-18%). Given that the studies conducted up to now had reduced sample sizes and crossover designs, and given that there are still no studies in which its potential cost-utility is assessed, studies with greater methodological rigor and larger samples are necessary to confirm the clinical effectiveness of LDN in FM. Jointly evaluating the efficacy and cost-utility analyses, the changes in metabolites (i.e. Glu) in certain areas of the brain, and systemic inflammatory markers potentially linked to the etiopathogenesis of FM, should allow us to gain a more detailed knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of LDN in this population. The INNOVA project will enable all these factors to be evaluated for the first time.
Triple therapy for with clarithromycin and lansoprazole: Helicobacter pylori

  


Amoxicillin for oral suspension, in combination with clarithromycin plus lansoprazole as triple therapy, is indicated for the treatment of patients with infection and duodenal ulcer disease (active or 1-year history of a duodenal ulcer) to eradicate . Eradication of has been shown to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence. H. pyloriH. pyloriH. pylori

  


Amoxicillin for oral suspension, in combination with lansoprazole delayed-release capsules as dual therapy, is indicated for the treatment of patients with infection and duodenal ulcer disease (active or 1-year history of a duodenal ulcer) . (See the clarithromycin package insert, MICROBIOLOGY.) Eradication of has been shown to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence. Dual therapy for with lansoprazole: H. pyloriH. pyloriwho are either allergic or intolerant to clarithromycin or in whom resistance to clarithromycin is known or suspectedH. pylori
The use of a composition which comprises lignosulfonate and is substantially free of elemental sulphur for the prevention and treatment of pathogenic and medical disorders in humans and animals. In some embodiments the lignosulfonate is radically polymerized. In some embodiments the composition is formulated as an animal feed additive or supplement. The disclosure also encompasses a method of preventing or treating a pathogenic or medical disorder in a human or animal subject by administering the composition to the subject in an effective dose to attenuate the pathogenic effect of a pathogen or other biological agent, thereby enabling the subject to mount an effective immune response to the pathogen or other biological agent. The composition can be used in the prevention or treatment of a wide range of pathogenic or medical disorders including disorders caused by microbial pathogens; disorders caused by viral pathogens;  disorders caused by prions; disorders caused by protists; disorders caused by fungi;  disorders caused by parasites; lung and airway disorders; bone, joint and muscle disorders;  digestive disorders; hormonal disorders; cancer; auto immune disorders;  neurodegenerative disorders; skin disorders; and sexual and reproductive disorders. In one particular embodiment the composition is formulated for treatment of Type I diabetes.
Succinate accumulates during myocardial ischemia and is rapidly oxidized during reperfusion, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through reverse electron transfer (RET) from mitochondrial complex II to complex I, and favoring cell death. Given that connexin 43 (Cx43) modulates mitochondrial ROS production, we investigated whether Cx43 influences RET using inducible knock-out Cx43Cre-ER(T)/fl mice. Oxygen consumption, ROS production, membrane potential and coenzyme Q (CoQ) pool were analyzed in subsarcolemmal (SSM, expressing Cx43) and interfibrillar (IFM) cardiac mitochondria isolated from wild-type Cx43fl/fl mice and Cx43Cre-ER(T)/fl knock-out animals treated with 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT). In addition, infarct size was assessed in isolated hearts from these animals submitted to ischemia-reperfusion (IR), and treated or not with malonate, a complex II inhibitor attenuating RET. Succinate-dependent ROS production and RET were significantly lower in SSM, but not IFM, from Cx43-deficient animals. Mitochondrial membrane potential, a RET driver, was similar between groups, whereas CoQ pool (2.165 ± 0.338 vs. 4.18 ± 0.55 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05) and its reduction state were significantly lower in Cx43-deficient animals. Isolated hearts from Cx43Cre-ER(T)/fl mice treated with 4OHT had a smaller infarct size after IR compared to Cx43fl/fl, despite similar concentration of succinate at the end of ischemia, and no additional protection by malonate. Cx43 deficiency attenuates ROS production by RET in SSM, but not IFM, and was associated with a decrease in CoQ levels and a change in its redox state. These results may partially explain the reduced infarct size observed in these animals and their lack of protection by malonate.
Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, TEMODAR can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Adverse developmental outcomes have been reported in both pregnant patients and pregnant partners of male patients. Oral administration of temozolomide to rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis resulted in embryolethality and polymalformations at doses less than the maximum human dose based on body surface area.

Advise pregnant women and females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with TEMODAR and for 6 months after the last dose. Because of potential risk of genotoxic effects on sperm, advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential to use condoms during treatment with TEMODAR and for 3 months after the last dose. Advise male patients not to donate semen during treatment with TEMODAR and for 3 months after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3)].
Background and Objectives: Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent and debilitating condition that imposes a significant burden on healthcare systems and adversely affects the quality of life of patients worldwide. Comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common among HF patients, as they share similar risk factors. This study aimed to identify the prognostic significance of multiple factors and their correlation with disease prognosis and outcomes in a Jordanian cohort. Materials and Methods: Data from the Jordanian Heart Failure Registry (JoHFR) were analyzed, encompassing medical records from acute and chronic HF patients attending public and private cardiology clinics and hospitals across Jordan. An online form was utilized for data collection, focusing on three kidney function tests, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels, with the eGFR calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. We also built six machine learning models to predict mortality in our cohort. Results: From the JoHFR, 2151 HF patients were included, with 644, 1799, and 1927 records analyzed for eGFR, BUN, and creatinine levels, respectively. Age negatively impacted all measures (p ≤ 0.001), while smokers surprisingly showed better results than non-smokers (p ≤ 0.001). Males had more normal eGFR levels compared to females (p = 0.002). Comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, arrhythmias, and implanted devices were inversely related to eGFR (all with p-values <0.05). Higher BUN levels were associated with chronic HF, dyslipidemia, and ASCVD (p ≤ 0.001). Higher creatinine levels were linked to hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, arrhythmias, and previous HF history (all with p-values <0.05). Low eGFR levels were associated with increased mechanical ventilation needs (p = 0.049) and mortality (p ≤ 0.001), while BUN levels did not significantly affect these outcomes. Machine learning analysis employing the Random Forest Classifier revealed that length of hospital stay and creatinine >115 were the most significant predictors of mortality. The classifier achieved an accuracy of 90.02% with an AUC of 80.51%, indicating its efficacy in predictive modeling. Conclusions: This study reveals the intricate relationship among kidney function tests, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes in HF patients in Jordan, highlighting the importance of kidney function as a predictive tool. Integrating machine learning models into clinical practice may enhance the predictive accuracy of patient outcomes, thereby supporting a more personalized approach to managing HF and related kidney dysfunction. Further research is necessary to validate these findings and to develop innovative treatment strategies for the CKD population within the HF cohort.
RATIONALE: Since the first documentation of skin changes in malnutrition in the early 18th century, various hair and skin changes have been reported in severely malnourished children globally. We aimed to describe the frequency and types of skin conditions in children admitted with acute illness to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi across a spectrum of nutritional status and validate an existing skin assessment tool.
METHODS: Children between 1 week and 23 months of age with acute illness were enrolled and stratified by anthropometry. Standardised photographs were taken, and three dermatologists assessed skin changes and scored each child according to the SCORDoK tool.
RESULTS: Among 103 children, median age of 12 months, 31 (30%) had severe wasting, 11 (11%) kwashiorkor (nutritional oedema), 20 (19%) had moderate wasting, 41 (40%) had no nutritional wasting and 18 (17%) a positive HIV antibody test. Six (5.8%) of the included patients died. 51 (50%) of children presented with at least one skin change. Pigmentary changes were the most common, observed in 35 (34%), with hair loss and bullae, erosions and desquamation the second most prevalent skin condition. Common diagnoses were congenital dermal melanocytosis, diaper dermatitis, eczema and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Severe skin changes like flaky paint dermatosis were rarely identified. Inter-rater variability calculations showed only fair agreement (overall Fleiss' kappa 0.25) while intrarater variability had a fair-moderate agreement (Cohen's kappa score of 0.47-0.58).
DISCUSSION: Skin changes in hospitalised children with an acute illness and stratified according to nutritional status were not as prevalent as historically reported. Dermatological assessment by means of the SKORDoK tool using photographs is less reliable than expected.
The maintenance of oral health is of utmost importance for an individual's holistic well-being and standard of living. Within the oral cavity, symbiotic microorganisms actively safeguard themselves against potential foreign diseases by upholding a multifaceted equilibrium. Nevertheless, the occurrence of an imbalance can give rise to a range of oral infectious ailments, such as dental caries, periodontitis, and oral candidiasis. Presently, clinical interventions encompass the physical elimination of pathogens and the administration of antibiotics to regulate bacterial and fungal infections. Given the limitations of various antimicrobial drugs frequently employed in dental practice, the rising incidence of oral inflammation, and the escalating bacterial resistance to antibiotics, it is imperative to explore alternative remedies that are dependable, efficacious, and affordable for the prevention and management of oral infectious ailments. There is an increasing interest in the creation of novel antimicrobial agents derived from natural sources, which possess attributes such as safety, cost-effectiveness, and minimal adverse effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of natural products on the development and progression of oral infectious diseases. Specifically, these products exert their influences by mitigating dental biofilm formation, impeding the proliferation of oral pathogens, and hindering bacterial adhesion to tooth surfaces. The review also encompasses an examination of the various classes of natural products, their antimicrobial mechanisms, and their potential therapeutic applications and limitations in the context of oral infections. The insights garnered from this review can support the promising application of natural products as viable therapeutic options for managing oral infectious diseases.
The present invention relates to a spraying agent for burn and scald and a preparing method thereof, which belongs to a pure Chinese materia medica external application spraying preparation for treating I and II burn and scald and III small area burn and scald. The present invention has the advantages that the present invention adopts a complete open therapy method and has the key point that wound surfaces can be processed in time, and severe pain is quickly relieved. The physic liquor can immediately cover and form a protective film by spraying on the wound surfaces. The present invention can effectively control wound surface bleeding, liquid exosmosis and infection, and prevent septicemia. The present invention has the characteristics of safety, economy, convenience, naturally healing, no scar, etc. The present invention is composed of traditional Chinese medicine, such as purple flower bark, delivery dobinea root, scutellaria root, phellodendron bark, raw rhubarb, cutch, borneol, etc. The formula also comprises glycerol and alcohol. The medicines are washed and put in an alcohol container for soaking for 1 month; a solution is filtered, and a borneol alcohol solution is mixed; glycerol and distilled water are added, and finished products can be obtained by dividually loading in bottles.
The investigators aim to recruit 15 adult participants with a recent, first-time or recurrent kneecap dislocation, from an acute hospital. Participants will receive up to 6 physiotherapy sessions over 3 months. The investigator's exercise programme aims to improve leg muscle strength and facilitate a return to the participant's usual activities. This may include activities such as hopping and changing direction which differentiates it from other programmes. Participants will be required to perform the exercise programme 3 times a week independently. Strategies to increase adherence to the exercise programme will also be used. This study is part of a Masters in Clinical Research funded by the National Institute for Health Research
Droperidol administered intravenously has been shown to cause a slight increase in mortality of the newborn rat at 4.4 times the upper human dose. At 44 times the upper human dose, mortality rate was comparable to that for control animals. Following intramuscular administration, increased mortality of the offspring at 1.8 times the upper human dose is attributed to CNS depression in the dams who neglected to remove placentae from their offspring. Droperidol has not been shown to be teratogenic in animals. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. 

Droperidol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
A pyrrolopyridazine compound having the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:wherein, R<1 >is a C2-C6 alkenyl group, a halogeno C2-C6 alkenyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group which may be optionally substituted or a C3-C7 cycloalkyl- C1-C6 alkyl group which may be optionally substituted. R<2 >is a C1-C6 alkyl group. R<3 >is a hydroxymethyl group, a C2-C6 aliphatic acyloxymethyl group, a C6-C10 arylcarbonyloxymethyl group which may be optionally substituted, a C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl group, a formyl group, a carboxyl group, a C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl group or a C6-C10 aryloxycarbonyl group which may be optionally substituted. R<4 >is a C6-C10 aryl group which may be optionally substituted. A is an imino group, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. These compounds exhibit excellent gastric acid secretory inhibition activity and gastric mucous membrane protection activity etc. They are useful for prevention or treatment of ulcerative diseases and for Helicobacter pylori infections.