anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Research in industrial workers and professionals exposed to formaldehyde suggests that occupational exposure to this important chemical is associated with increased risk for myeloid leukemia. However, there is still uncertainty about the biologic plausibility of the association because of questions regarding the ability of formaldehyde, which is extremely reactive, to directly or indirectly cause toxicity to the bone marrow. There have been several relatively small studies of the impact of occupational formaldehyde exposure on peripheral blood cells that found some evidence that peripheral blood cells of the myeloid lineage (i.e., granulocytes, platelets) were significantly decreased in exposed workers. We propose to follow-up these findings in a relatively large study population in China. We will study hematologic parameters in 240 higher exposed workers (\>1 ppm), 240 workers exposed to lower levels of formaldehyde (0.3 to 1 ppm), and a group of 240 unexposed controls frequency-matched to exposed workers. This study will make an important contribution to our understanding of the leukemogenic potential of formaldehyde, which has important public health and regulatory implications.
Cardiac Electrophysiology

The effect of sofosbuvir 400 mg (recommended dosage) and 1200 mg (3 times the recommended dosage) on QTc interval was evaluated in an active-controlled (moxifloxacin 400 mg) thorough QT trial. At a dose 3 times the recommended dose, sofosbuvir does not prolong QTc to any clinically relevant extent.

The effect of velpatasvir 500 mg (5 times the recommended dosage) was evaluated in an active-controlled (moxifloxacin 400 mg) thorough QT trial. At a dose 5 times the recommended dose, velpatasvir does not prolong QTc interval to any clinically relevant extent.

The effect of voxilaprevir 900 mg (9 times the recommended dosage) was evaluated in an active-controlled (moxifloxacin 400 mg) thorough QT trial. At a dose 9 times the recommended dose, voxilaprevir does not prolong QTc interval to any clinically relevant extent.
People with type 2 diabetes mellitus have increased risk of chronic kidney disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Improved care delivery and implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy have contributed to the declining incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in high-income countries. By contrast, the global incidence of chronic kidney disease and associated mortality is either plateaued or increased, leading to escalating direct and indirect medical costs. Given limited resources, better risk stratification approaches to identify people at risk of rapid progression to end-stage kidney disease can reduce therapeutic inertia, facilitate timely interventions and identify the need for early nephrologist referral. Among people with chronic kidney disease G3a and beyond, the kidney failure risk equations (KFRE) have been externally validated and outperformed other risk prediction models. The KFRE can also guide the timing of preparation for kidney replacement therapy with improved healthcare resources planning and may prevent multiple complications and premature mortality among people with chronic kidney disease with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present review summarizes the evidence of KFRE to date and call for future research to validate and evaluate its impact on cardiovascular and mortality outcomes, as well as healthcare resource utilization in multiethnic populations and different healthcare settings.
AIMS: Ventral pathway circuits are constituted by the interconnected brain areas that are distributed throughout the brain. These brain circuits are primarily involved in processing of object related information in brain. However, their role in object recognition memory (ORM) enhancement remains unknown. Here, we have studied on the implication of these circuits in ORM enhancement and in reversal of ORM deficit in aging.
METHODS: The brain areas interconnected to ventral pathway circuits in rat brain were activated by an expression of a protein called regulator of G-protein signaling 14 of 414 amino acids (RGS14414). RGS14414 is an ORM enhancer and therefore used here as a gain-in-function tool. ORM test and immunohistochemistry, lesions, neuronal arborization, and knockdown studies were performed to uncover the novel function of ventral pathway circuits.
RESULTS: An activation of each of the brain areas interconnected to ventral pathway circuits individually induced enhancement in ORM; however, same treatment in brain areas not interconnected to ventral pathway circuits produced no effect. Further study in perirhinal cortex (PRh), area V2 of visual cortex and frontal cortex (FrC), which are brain areas that have been shown to be involved in ORM and are interconnected to ventral pathway circuits, revealed that ORM enhancement seen after the activation of any one of the three brain areas was unaffected by the lesions in other two brain areas either individually in each area or even concurrently in both areas. This ORM enhancement in all three brain areas was associated to increase in structural plasticity of pyramidal neurons where more than 2-fold higher dendritic spines were observed. Additionally, we found that an activation of either PRh, area V2, or FrC not only was adequate but also was sufficient for the reversal of ORM deficit in aging rats, and the blockade of RGS14414 activity led to loss in increase in dendritic spine density and failure in reversal of ORM deficit.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that brain areas interconnected to ventral pathway circuits facilitate ORM enhancement by an increase in synaptic connectivity between the local brain area circuits and the passing by ventral pathway circuits and an upregulation in activity of ventral pathway circuits. In addition, the finding of the reversal of ORM deficit through activation of an interconnected brain area might serve as a platform for developing not only therapy against memory deficits but also strategies for other brain diseases in which neuronal circuits are compromised.
Young children (ages 24-72 month) who are HIV exposed but uninfected (CHEU) and young children who are HIV unexposed but uninfected (CHUU) undergoing a standard of care developmental evaluation will be enrolled into the study. After the completion of the developmental evaluation, research participation includes a one-time eye-tracking activity in which the child will view a series of different pictures and movies while their eye movements and pupil diameter are tracked and recorded.
The invention provides an olanzapine freeze-drying orally disintegrating tablet and its preparation method. The orally disintegrating tablet comprises a skeleton propping agent and an adhesive. The skeleton propping agent is mannitol, and the adhesive is one or more selected from gelatin, hydrolyzed gelatin and pullulan. In order to improve properties of the tablet, a preservative, a corrective agent and the like also can be added. By adding hydrolyzed gelatin into the orally disintegrating tablet, the medicament can be better absorbed in oral mucosa and esophagus mucosa. The invention also provides a preparation method of the orally disintegrating tablet.
The dosage of LIGNOSPAN (lidocaine HCl and epinephrine) depends on the physical status of the patient, the area of the oral cavity to be anesthetized, the vascularity of the oral tissues, and the technique of anesthesia used. The least volume of solution that results in effective local anesthesia should be administered; time should be allowed between injections to observe the patient for manifestations of an adverse reaction. For specific techniques and procedures of a local anesthesia in the oral cavity, refer to standard textbooks.

For most routine dental procedures, LIGNOSPAN STANDARD (lidocaine HCl 2% with a 1:100,000 epinephrine concentration) is preferred. However, when greater depth and a more pronounced hemostasis are required, LIGNOSPAN FORTE (lidocaine HCl 2 % with 1:50,000 epinephrine concentration) should be used.

Dosage requirements should be determined on an individual basis. In oral infiltration and / or mandibular block, initial dosages of 1.0 - 5.0 mL (½ to 2 ½ cartridges) of LIGNOSPAN (lidocaine HCl 2% solutions with a 1:50,000 or a 1:100,000 epinephrine concentration) are usually effective.

In children under 10 years of age, it is rarely necessary to administer more than one-half cartridge (0.9 - 1.0 mL or 18 - 20 mg of lidocaine) per procedure to achieve local anesthesia for a procedure involving a single tooth. In maxillary infiltration, this amount will often suffice to the treatment of two or even three teeth. In the mandibular block, however, satisfactory anesthesia achieved with this amount of drug, will allow treatment of the teeth of an entire quadrant. Aspiration is recommended since it reduces the possibility of intravascular injection, thereby keeping the incidence of side effects and anesthetic failures to a minimum. Moreover, injection should always be made slowly.

Maximum recommended dosages for LIGNOSPAN (lidocaine HCl 2% solutions with a 1:50,000 or a 1:100,000 epinephrine concentration).
All patients were pretreated with Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (decapeptyl®) 0.05 mg/day from 10 days prior to the start of menstruation. The patients'ovaries were stimulated with a recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, subcutaneous) from day 2 of the menstrual cycle. human chorionic gonadotropin was administered when at least two follicles vary 18-22mm were observed on ultrasonography.Blood samples were collected on the day of final Human chorionic gonadotropin maturation, and serum P levels were measured.Pregnancy was defined by titers within 11 days following Embryo transfer,Clinical pregnancy was defined by the observation of intrauterine embryo heart motion by 7 weeks gestation.
ELEVIDYS is the recombinant gene therapy product that is comprised of a non-replicating, recombinant, adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype rh74 (AAVrh74) capsid and a single-stranded DNA expression cassette flanked by inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) derived from AAV2. The cassette contains: 1) an MHCK7 gene regulatory component comprising a creatine kinase 7 promoter and an α-myosin heavy chain enhancer, and 2) the DNA transgene encoding the engineered micro-dystrophin protein. 

Vector/Capsid: Clinical and nonclinical studies have demonstrated AAVrh74 serotype transduction in skeletal muscle cells. Additionally, in nonclinical studies, AAVrh74 serotype transduction has been demonstrated in cardiac and diaphragm muscle cells. 

Promoter: The MHCK7 promoter/enhancer drives transgene expression and has been shown in animal models to drive transgenic micro-dystrophin protein expression predominantly in skeletal muscle (including diaphragm) and cardiac muscle. In clinical studies, muscle biopsy analyses have confirmed micro-dystrophin expression in skeletal muscle. 

Transgene: DMD is caused by a mutation in the DMD gene resulting in lack of functional dystrophin protein. ELEVIDYS carries a transgene encoding a micro-dystrophin protein consisting of selected domains of dystrophin expressed in normal muscle cells. 

ELEVIDYS micro-dystrophin has been demonstrated to localize to the sarcolemma.
A pharmaceutical composition comprising the extract of Artemisa spp. is provided to reduce expressions of iNOS(inducible nitric oxide synthase), TNF-alpha(tumor necrosis factor-alpha), COX-2(cyclooxygenase-2), IFN-gamma(interferon-gamma), STAT1(signal transducers and activation of transcription 1) and p-STAT1, so that it is useful for treating or preventing inflammatory bowel disease. A pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing inflammatory bowel disease comprises the extract of Artemisa spp. having anti-inflammatory effects which is prepared by drying and pulverizing Artemisa spp., dissolving the pulverized Artemisa spp. in 1% phosphate buffered saline, centrifuging the solution, and filtering the centrifuged solution, and is formulated as solution, syrup, tablet or capsule. The daily dosage of the Artemisa spp. extract is 100-500 mg/kg.
PURPOSE: Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for postoperative complications in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aimed to investigate patient-reported outcomes, pain, and satisfaction as a function of body mass index (BMI) class in patients undergoing THA.
METHODS: 1736 patients within a prospective observational study were categorized into BMI classes. Pre- and postoperative Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (HOOS JR), satisfaction, and pain scores were compared by BMI class using one-way ANOVA.
RESULTS: Healthy weight patients reported the highest preoperative HOOS JR (56.66 ± 13.35) compared to 45.51 ± 14.45 in Class III subjects. Healthy weight and Class III patients reported the lowest (5.65 ± 2.01) and highest (7.06 ± 1.98, p < 0.0001) preoperative pain, respectively. Changes in HOOS JR scores from baseline suggest larger improvements with increasing BMI class, where Class III patients reported an increase of 33.7 ± 15.6 points at 90 days compared to 26.1 ± 17.1 in healthy weight individuals (p = 0.002). Fewer healthy weight patients achieved the minimal clinically important difference (87.4%) for HOOS JR compared to Class II (96.5%) and III (94.7%) obesity groups at 90 days postoperatively. Changes in satisfaction and pain scores were largest in the Class III patients. Overall, no functional outcomes varied by BMI class postoperatively.
CONCLUSION: Patients of higher BMI class reported greater improvements following THA. While risk/benefit shared decision-making remains a personalized requirement of THA, this study highlights that utilization of BMI cutoff may not be warranted based on pain and functional improvement.
INTRODUCTION: Emerging data suggests liver disease may be initiated during development when there is high genome plasticity and the molecular pathways supporting liver function are being developed.
METHODS: Here, we leveraged our Collaborative Cross mouse model of developmental vitamin D deficiency (DVD) to investigate the role of DVD in dysregulating the molecular mechanisms underlying liver disease. We defined the effects on the adult liver transcriptome and metabolome and examined the role of epigenetic dysregulation. Given that the parental origin of the genome (POG) influences response to DVD, we used our established POG model [POG1-(CC011xCC001)F1 and POG2-(CC001xCC011)F1] to identify interindividual differences.
RESULTS: We found that DVD altered the adult liver transcriptome, primarily downregulating genes controlling liver development, response to injury/infection (detoxification & inflammation), cholesterol biosynthesis, and energy production. In concordance with these transcriptional changes, we found that DVD decreased liver cell membrane-associated lipids (including cholesterol) and pentose phosphate pathway metabolites. Each POG also exhibited distinct responses. POG1 exhibited almost 2X more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with effects indicative of increased energy utilization. This included upregulation of lipid and amino acid metabolism genes and increased intermediate lipid and amino acid metabolites, increased energy cofactors, and decreased energy substrates. POG2 exhibited broader downregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis genes with a metabolomics profile indicative of decreased energy utilization. Although DVD primarily caused loss of liver DNA methylation for both POGs, only one epimutation was shared, and POG2 had 6.5X more differentially methylated genes. Differential methylation was detected at DEGs regulating developmental processes such as amino acid transport (POG1) and cell growth & differentiation (e.g., Wnt & cadherin signaling, POG2).
CONCLUSIONS: These findings implicate a novel role for maternal vitamin D in programming essential offspring liver functions that are dysregulated in liver disease. Importantly, impairment of these processes was not rescued by vitamin D treatment at weaning, suggesting these effects require preventative measures. Substantial differences in POG response to DVD demonstrate that the parental genomic context of exposure determines offspring susceptibility.
Chronic pain has a substantial economic cost and rate of impairment. Patients who suffer from fibromyalgia and other pain conditions leading to central sensitization have limited treatment options. The only medications currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of fibromyalgia includes pregabalin, milnacipran and duloxetine. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) also recommends the implementation of an exercise program and cognitive behavioral therapy. A previous meta-analysis found weak evidence to support Mindfulness-Based Stress Reductions (MBSR) in fibromyalgia patients, however more robust clinical studies are needed. In the midst of an opioid crisis, MBSR provides a safer alternative for the treatment of chronic pain. Unfortunately, an instructor lead MBSR program is both costly and largely unavailable in rural areas of the country. This web-based mindfulness program provides a treatment option for patients who would otherwise, not have access to alternative medicine therapies.
Chemotherapy is often a life-saving treatment, but the development of intractable pain caused by chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major dose-limiting toxicity that restricts cancer survival rates. Recent reports demonstrate that paclitaxel (PTX) robustly increases anti-inflammatory CD4+ T cells in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and that T cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines are protective against CIPN. However, the mechanism by which CD4+ T cells are activated, and the extent cytokines released by CD4+ T cells target DRG neurons are unknown. Here, we are the first to detect major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) protein in mouse DRG neurons and to find CD4+ T cells breaching the satellite glial cell barrier to be in close proximity to neurons, together suggesting CD4+ T cell activation and targeted cytokine release. MHCII protein is primarily expressed in small nociceptive neurons in male and female mouse DRG but increased after PTX in small nociceptive neurons in only female DRG. Reducing one copy of MHCII in small nociceptive neurons decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-4 producing CD4+ T cells in naïve male DRG and increased their hypersensitivity to cold. Administration of PTX to male and female mice that lacked one copy of MHCII in nociceptive neurons decreased anti-inflammatory CD4+ T cells in the DRG and increased the severity of PTX-induced cold hypersensitivity. Collectively, our results demonstrate expression of MHCII protein in mouse DRG neurons, which modulates cytokine producing CD4+ T cells in the DRG and attenuates cold hypersensitivity during homeostasis and after PTX treatment.
The invention comprises 3-isoreserpone, quaternary compounds and acid salts thereof, particularly quaternary compounds with reactive alkanol esters, e.g. alkyl iodides, and salts with nitric, sulphuric, hydrohalic, alkane sulphonic, alkyl sulphuric, oxalic, tartaric and citric acids.  Isoreserpone is prepared by acid hydrolysis of an ester (particularly an alkyl ester containing from one to five carbon atoms in the alkyl group) of anhydroreserpic acid followed by decarboxylation of the resulting b -keto-acid.  The decarboxylation may occur spontaneously if the hydrolysis is effected with a strong inorganic acid.  In an example, methyl anhydroreserpate is refluxed in ethanol and 12 per cent hydrochloric acid, the mixture basified with sodium hydroxide and extracted with chloroform; the solvent is evaporated and the residue purified by chromatography on alumina, when elution with benzene and increasing proportions of acetone yields firstly reserpone and then 3-isoreserpone.  Other alkyl anhydroreserpates may be used.  The alkyl anhydroreserpates are in turn prepared by refluxing the corresponding O-p-toluene sulphonyl reserpate (obtained from the alkyl reserpate and p-toluene sulphonyl chloride) with collidine. Specification 744,290 is referred to.ALSO:Sun screen compositions comprise isoreserpone or its acid salts or quaternary derivatives incorporated into a hydrophilic ointment, which may contain glycols such as propylene glycol, higher aliphatic alcohols such as stearyl alcohol, white petrolatum or distilled water.  The creams preferably contain from 3 to 5 per cent of the active compounds.  Isoreserpone, when quaternized by reaction with esters of higher alcohols, e.g. dodecyl alcohol, also yields valuable disinfectants, particularly active against Staphylococcus aureus.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is considered a first-line management option for kidney stones larger than two centimeters. Unfortunately, because of the large stone burden, up to 70% of these patients are left with residual stone fragments after their initial PCNL. Additionally, an estimated 20% to 60% of such patients ultimately require further interventions due to residual stone fragments. The need for a subsequent procedure is determined by postoperative abdominal computed tomography (CT) imaging, which is routinely performed on the first postoperative day at this institution. The decision to proceed with a second procedure is based on findings from this postoperative CT scan.

Cone-beam CT (CBCT) is a novel portable imaging technique that can allow cross-sectional imaging to be obtained intraoperatively, rather than post-operatively. Incorporating this modality would allow the surgeon to determine whether the procedure should be continued, in the event of residual fragments, or if it can be safely concluded. This would obviate the need for dedicated postoperative CT scans and, more importantly, reduce the need for subsequent procedures and consequently decrease the patient's length of stay.
The invention discloses a valsartan nanosuspension, a spray-dried power, and a preparation method of the valsartan nanosuspension and the spray-dried power. A valsartan spray-dried nanosuspension and a preparation method of the valsartan spray-dried nanosuspension belong to the field of nano-drug preparations. The valsartan spray-dried nanosuspension consists of 1 part of valsartan, 0.1-1 part of a stabilizing agent and 10-100 parts of a spray-drying protecting agent by mass; the valsartan spray-dried nanosuspension is prepared by an anti-solvent precipitation method and/or a high-pressure homogenizing method and/or an acid-alkali neutralization method in combination with a spray-drying technology. The drug particles in the spray-dried powder are reduced to a nano-grade, and the hydrophilicity, the in vitro dissolution rate and the bioavailability of the valsartan are greatly improved. The powder can be directly processed or be processed together an excipient into tablets, capsules and the like. The valsartan spray-dried nanosuspension has the advantages of simple preparation process, stable product quality and easy implementation of productization.