anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or stenting and coronary artery bypass surgery are effective therapies for relief of angina caused by coronary artery disease (CAD). However many patients with CAD have failed attempts at conventional revascularization or remain symptomatic despite optimized anti-ischemic medical therapy. For this growing number of patients, there is a need for novel therapeutic approaches. Experimental studies in animal models indicate that primitive pluripotential cells (or 'stem' cells) from bone marrow may localize to ischemic myocardium, differentiate along endothelial, smooth muscle, and cardiomyocyte lineages, and improve cardiac performance. A recent report has suggested that granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, which mobilizes stem cells from bone marrow into the circulation, may improve collateral blood flow to ischemic myocardium in patients with CAD. The purpose of this protocol is to test the effectiveness of a related cytokine, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), that more potently mobilizes stem cells from bone marrow, for the relief of myocardial ischemia and improvement in myocardial contractility during stress in patients with CAD who are not good candidates for conventional revascularization, or who do not want further attempts at conventional revascularization, and who remain symptomatic on medical therapy.

Our hypothesis is that G-CSF will improve blood flow to the myocardium and the left ventricular contractile response to stress by mobilizing pluripotential cells from bone marrow with localization to ischemic regions of the heart, resulting in development of new arteries and regeneration of contractile cardiomyocytes. The primary end-point of the Phase I (safety) component of this study is absence of cardiovascular adverse events associated with increased white blood cell counts following G-CSF administration in patients with CAD. The secondary end-point for Phase I is determination of platelet aggregation and coagulation activation before and during G-CSF administration. The primary endpoint of the Phase II (efficacy) component of this study is improvement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-determined regional left ventricular contractility and gadolinium distribution (as an index of blood flow) during stress at 1 month following G-CSF administration compared with pretreatment baseline measurements. Secondary Phase II end-points will include determinations of 1) efficacy of stem and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) mobilization by G-CSF, and 2) changes in treadmill exercise duration associated with G-CSF treatment. Demonstration of safe and effective cytokine-induced mobilization of stem cells with cardiac benefit could result in an important therapeutic option for CAD patients who have few alternatives for the relief of myocardial ischemia and angina pectoris.
Patients with relatively advanced rectal cancer who are scheduled to undergo radical surgery to excise rectal tumour and mesorectum. They will receive endoscopic Sienna+ injection (magnetic tracer) 5 days before planned surgery. They will then undergo surgery to excise rectal cancer. The excised specimen will be examined using the Sentimag probe and by standard histology to assess for lymph nodes ex-vivo.
Data from 2 pivotal studies in 1,191 patients treated for either lower respiratory tract infections or complicated urinary tract infections compared a regimen of 875 mg tablets of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium q12h to 500 mg tablets of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium dosed q8h (584 and 607 patients, respectively). Comparable efficacy was demonstrated between the q12h and q8h dosing regimens. There was no significant difference in the percentage of adverse events in each group. The most frequently reported adverse event was diarrhea; incidence rates were similar for the 875 mg q12h and 500 mg q8h dosing regimens (14.9% and 14.3%, respectively); however, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in rates of severe diarrhea or withdrawals with diarrhea between the regimens: 1.0% for 875 mg q12h dosing versus 2.5% for the 500 mg q8h dosing.

In 1 of these pivotal studies, 629 patients with either pyelonephritis or a complicated urinary tract infection (i.e., patients with abnormalities of the urinary tract that predispose to relapse of bacteriuria following eradication) were randomized to receive either 875 mg amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets q12h or 500 mg amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets q8h in the following distribution:

The number of bacteriologically evaluable patients was comparable between the 2 dosing regimens. Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium produced comparable bacteriological success rates in patients assessed 2 to 4 days immediately following end of therapy. The bacteriologic efficacy rates were comparable at 1 of the follow-up visits (5 to 9 days post-therapy) and at a late post-therapy visit (in the majority of cases, this was 2 to 4 weeks post-therapy), as seen in the table below:

As noted before, though there was no significant difference in the percentage of adverse events in each group, there was a statistically significant difference in rates of severe diarrhea or withdrawals with diarrhea between the regimens.
No specific antidote has been identified for the treatment of flecainide acetate overdosage. Overdoses ranging up to 8000 mg have been survived, with peak plasma flecainide concentrations as high as 5.3 mcg/mL. Untoward effects in these cases included nausea and vomiting, convulsions, hypotension, bradycardia, syncope, extreme widening of the QRS complex, widening of the QT interval, widening of the PR interval, ventricular tachycardia, AV nodal block, asystole, bundle branch block, cardiac failure, and cardiac arrest. The spectrum of events observed in fatal cases was much the same as that seen in the non-fatal cases. Death has resulted following ingestion of as little as 1000 mg; concomitant overdose of other drugs and/or alcohol in many instances undoubtedly contributed to the fatal outcome. Treatment of overdosage should be supportive and may include the following: removal of unabsorbed drug from the gastrointestinal tract, administration of inotropic agents or cardiac stimulants such as dopamine, dobutamine or isoproterenol; mechanically assisted respiration; circulatory assists such as intra-aortic balloon pumping; and transvenous pacing in the event of conduction block. Because of the long plasma half-life of flecainide (12 to 27 hours in patients receiving usual doses), and the possibility of markedly non-linear elimination kinetics at very high doses, these supportive treatments may need to be continued for extended periods of time.

Hemodialysis is not an effective means of removing flecainide from the body. Since flecainide elimination is much slower when urine is very alkaline (pH 8 or higher), theoretically, acidification of urine to promote drug excretion may be beneficial in overdose cases with very alkaline urine. There is no evidence that acidification from normal urinary pH increases excretion.
We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of simulation-based education using a three-dimensional (3D)-printed schematic eye model in improving the retinoscopy refraction skills of medical students. A schematic eye model was printed using a fused deposition modeling-based 3D printer. Twenty medical students randomized into 3D (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups received a 1-h lecture on the principles and methods of manifest refraction and were shown how to use the retinoscope and sciascope bars. The 3D group additionally attended a tutorial on the schematic eye. Both groups performed refractive examinations on four eyes of volunteer patients, and the results were recorded as a baseline. Instructor feedback and refraction practice was provided with the 3D group or with control group. To account for subject fatigue, patients spent no more than 8 min on the examination. After a 1-h break to allow for fatigue and familiarity, refraction tests were repeated on four randomly selected eyes of patients. Students' refraction readings were compared with the autorefractor values using a spherical equivalent value and blur strength. All participants measured the time required to complete the refraction test and reported their subjective confidence in the results of each refraction test. Refractive errors before and after training did not differ between the control and 3D groups, with a significant improvement in errors observed in both groups (p = 0.005 and 0.008, respectively). The time to complete refraction before and after training did not differ between the two groups, both of which showed a significant reduction in time (p = 0.005 and 0.028, respectively). Pre- and post-training confidence scores for the accuracy of each refraction on a 10-point Likert scale were not significantly different. However, when comparing score changes between pre- and post-training, only the control group showed a significant increase in confidence (p = 0.005). Tests for the non-inferiority of refractive errors after training indicated that the 3D group was non-inferior to the control group. In conclusion, training in retinoscopy refraction skills using a 3D-printed eye model resulted in significant improvement in accuracy and speed compared to practice with real patients. Except for better confidence in the control group, schematic eye model training was not inferior to practice with real patients.
Hypoparathyroidism, deafness, and renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder. Because HDR syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency in GATA3, it exhibits variation in the onset and progression of hearing loss. In previous reports, the automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) was considered insufficient to detect sensorineural hearing loss caused by HDR syndrome. We report a case of HDR syndrome whose congenital hearing loss was detected by newborn hearing screening (NHS) using AABR. In this case, HDR syndrome was suspected due to hearing loss, hypocalcemia, and her family history. Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of HDR syndrome at 5 months of age. Because the phenotype of hearing loss due to HDR syndrome is variable and includes progressive hearing loss, these cases may not be detected by the HNS. However, most of the previous reports were published before the NHS became common and given the frequency of hearing loss complications in HDR syndrome. We consider that there is a reasonable number of HDR syndrome cases with abnormalities on the NHS. We believe that the NHS may also be useful for early detection of hearing loss due to HDR syndrome.
Patients receive auranofin PO on days 1-28 and sirolimus PO on days 1-28 (days 8-28 of course 1). Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
BACKGROUND: Pancreaticoduodenectomy has been associated with a high mortality rate and significant postoperative morbidity. Recently, perioperative oral care management has been reported to be effective in preventing postoperative pneumonia and surgical site infection. In this study, we examined the effect of perioperative oral care management in reducing complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy, including surgical site infection.
METHODS: This retrospective multicenter study included 503 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at 8 facilities between January 2014 and December 2016. Among these, 144 received perioperative oral management by dentists and dental hygienists (oral management group), whereas the remaining 359 did not (control group). The oral care management program included oral health instructions, removal of dental calculus, professional mechanical tooth cleaning, removal of tongue coating, denture cleaning, instructions for gargling, and tooth extraction. The participants were matched using propensity scores to reduce background bias. Various factors were examined for correlation with the development of complications.
RESULTS: The incidence of organ/space surgical site infection was significantly lower in the oral management group than in the control group (8.0% vs 19.6%, P = .005). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension and lack of perioperative oral management were independent risk factors for organ/space surgical site infection. Lack of perioperative oral management had an odds ratio of 2.847 (95% confidence interval 1.335-6.071, P = .007).
CONCLUSION: Perioperative oral care management reduces the occurrence of surgical site infections after pancreaticoduodenectomy and should be recommended as a strategy to prevent infections in addition to antibiotic use.
Participants (30 children and 30 young adults) will be exposed to the virtual experience during which they will be able to interact in one condition with animated (e.g., dog, bird) stimuli and in another condition with inanimate (e.g., book, jacket) stimuli. The animate and inanimate stimuli of interest will be of three emotional categories : negative, positive and neutral.
The invention discloses an application of a berberine derivative in preparation of a drug for treating atherosclerosis. By adopting the berberine derivative, formation of vessel plaque of mice is reduced by reducing the blood fat of the mice, inhibiting expression of inflammatory factors such as MMP9 and the like, and reducing secretion of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). The berberine derivative has a significant effect on treatment of atherosclerosis. The invention provides a novel drug for treating atherosclerosis. The berberine is an important component of the traditional Chinese medicine. An animal research shows that the berberine has little effect on prevention of the atherosclerosis, and displays a better efficacy in prevention of the atherosclerosis due to modification of the structure. The berberine derivative has an effect in prevention of the atherosclerosis by an animal experiment.
Benzoyl peroxide has been shown to be a tumor promoter and progression agent in a number of animal studies. The clinical significance of this is unknown.

Benzoyl peroxide in acetone at doses of 5 and 10 mg administered twice per week induced skin tumors in transgenic Tg.AC mice in a study using 20 weeks of topical treatment.

In a 52-week dermal photocarcinogenicity study in hairless mice, the median time to onset of skin tumor formation was decreased and the number of tumors per mouse increased following chronic concurrent topical administration of BenzaClin Topical Gel with exposure to ultraviolet radiation (40 weeks of treatment followed by 12 weeks of observation).

In a 2-year dermal carcinogenicity study in rats, treatment with BenzaClin Topical Gel at doses of 100, 500 and 2000 mg/kg/day caused a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of keratoacanthoma at the treated skin site of male rats. The incidence of keratoacanthoma at the treated site of males treated with 2000 mg/kg/day (8 times the highest recommended adult human dose of 2.5 g BenzaClin Topical Gel, based on mg/m2) was statistically significantly higher than that in the sham and vehicle controls.

Genotoxicity studies were not conducted with BenzaClin Topical Gel. Clindamycin phosphate was not genotoxic in Salmonella typhimurium or in a rat micronucleus test. Clindamycin phosphate sulfoxide, an oxidative degradation product of clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide, was not clastogenic in a mouse micronucleus test. Benzoyl peroxide has been found to cause DNA strand breaks in a variety of mammalian cell types, to be mutagenic in S. typhimurium tests by some but not all investigators, and to cause sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Studies have not been performed with BenzaClin Topical Gel or benzoyl peroxide to evaluate the effect on fertility. Fertility studies in rats treated orally with up to 300 mg/kg/day of clindamycin (approximately 120 times the amount of clindamycin in the highest recommended adult human dose of 2.5 g BenzaClin Topical Gel, based on mg/m2) revealed no effects on fertility or mating ability.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a Roy adaptation model (RAM)-based cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) intervention on elderly patients diagnosed with primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing curative resection. A total of 280 patients diagnosed with primary NSCLC were randomized into RAM-based CST group and control group. Outcomes were assessed at three intervals: pre-surgery, discharge, and one-month post-discharge. Cognitive function was evaluated using Mini-Cognitive test. Postoperative delirium prevalence was determined within 48 hours post-surgery using Nursing Delirium Screening Scale. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale evaluated anxiety and depression symptoms, while Quality of Life (QoL) was assessed via Short Form-36 (SF36) Health Survey. The RAM-based CST group demonstrated significantly higher Mini-Cog test scores than the control group upon discharge and post-intervention. Patients with RAM-based CST exhibited a decrease in postoperative delirium compared to the control group. The RAM-based CST intervention yielded an improvement in anxiety and depression at discharge and 1-month post-discharge compared to preoperative levels. Additionally, the RAM-based CST group exhibited substantial enhancements in SF36 subcategory scores at 1-month post-discharge compared to pre-surgery. At post-intervention, the RAM-based CST group demonstrated significantly higher scores than the control group across various health-related domains, including role limitations due to emotional problems, mental health, general health perception, bodily pain, and role limitations due to physical problems. The RAM-based CST intervention in elderly NSCLC patients undergoing curative resection yielded significant enhancements in cognitive function, reduced delirium incidence, improved emotional well-being, and better QoL postoperatively.
Clostridium difficile  infection is the leading cause of hospital acquired antibiotic-associated diarrhea in the US (Bartlett, in 2006). The increased prevalence of circulating  C. difficile  strains poses a significant health threat to US health care facilities. Strains expressing the toxin  C. difficile  Transferase (CDT), in addition to Toxins A and B (TcdA and TcdB), are more virulent and are associated with higher mortality rates (Bacci et al., 2011). We recently identified a protective role for eosinophils against  C. difficile  pathogenesis (Buonomo et al., 2016). We have also defined CDT's ability to increase host inflammation and suppress protective eosinophils through a TLR2 dependent mechanism (Cowardin et al., 2016). How CDT promotes virulence and eosinophil suppression via TLR2 is still under investigation. We employed a genome-wide microarray approach to reveal divergent transcriptional profiles between protected (TLR2−/−) and unprotected (WT) mice infected with either CDT expressing or CDT mutant strains of  C. difficile.  This work revealed novel host mediated TLR2-dependent inflammatory pathways to CDT. We provide an unbiased framework for understanding the host immune response to the binary toxin CDT produced by  C. difficile  and how TLR2 signaling enhances virulence.
The invention relates to an agent for the therapy and prophylaxis of type 1 and type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Fields of application of the invention are the medicinal and the pharmaceutical industries. The aim of the invention is to develop a novel agent for the therapy and prophylaxis of Diabetes mellitus. Said inventive agent comprises physically and/or chemically active mineral materials and optionally, additional materials. Preferably, the materials are heulandite/clinoptilolithe, natrolithe or thomsonite. The diameter of the particles is, preferably, less than 5µm.
INTRODUCTION: Human intestinal spirochetosis (HIE) is a poorly studied clinical entity with variable clinical manifestations. However, in recent years it has gained special relevance because an increasing number of cases have been described in people living with HIV (PWH) and in patients with a history of sexually transmitted infections (STI) or immunosuppression.
METHODS: Retrospective review of all HIE cases identified in a tertiary level hospital (Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid) between 2014 and 2021.
RESULTS: 36 Cases of HIE were identified. Most cases corresponded to males (94%) with a median age of 45 years. 10 patients (29.4%) were PWH and 20 (56%) were men who had sex with men. Although the clinical manifestations were very heterogeneous, the most frequent was chronic diarrhea (47%), and up to 25% of the subjects had clinical proctitis. 39% percent of patients had been diagnosed with an STI in the previous two years, this characteristic being more frequent in PWH (90% vs. 28%; p < 0.01) than in patients without HIV infection. The STI most frequently associated with a diagnosis of HIE was syphilis (31%).
CONCLUSION: HIE is frequently diagnosed with other STIs and affects mostly men who have sex with men, which supports that this entity could be considered as a new STI.
Venue-tracking survey subjects recruited annually for 4 years: N= 320-640 (10-20 members of the population of focus per site, per year). The purpose of this cohort is to identify and track venues at which the population of focus congregates.
PURPOSE: The opioid epidemic has changed practice, though there remains a paucity of data regarding prescribing habits and pain control following outpatient hand surgery. We sought to evaluate patient-related predictors of adequate postoperative pain control.
METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of a single-center prospectively collected database of elective outpatient surgery on the elbow, forearm, wrist, and/or hand. Patients were asked to complete preoperative and postoperative questionnaires to capture their perception of anticipated pain levels, expected prescription quantity/duration, additional medications used, and overall pain satisfaction. Patient demographics collected included, sex, age, race, tobacco use, and recreational drug use. Further, the questionnaire included the Brief Resilience Score (BRS), EuroQol 5-dimension health-related QOL measure (EQ-5D), and an assessment of patient-reported limitations secondary to their pain.
RESULTS: Ninety-six patients completed the pre/postoperative questionnaires and were eligible for analysis. Of these patients, 80% reported adequate pain control. The sex, age, and race of those who reported adequate pain control and inadequate control were not significantly different. BRS scores were not found to be significantly different between groups, although EQ-5D QOL scores were significantly lower in the inadequately controlled group. Tobacco use was more prevalent in the inadequately controlled group. Marijuana use and the presence of a chronic pain diagnosis were not significantly different between groups.
CONCLUSION: Preoperative self-reported quality of life measures and tobacco use appear to have significant effects on postoperative opioid use, suggesting further areas of optimization which may ensure patients are safe and minimize the number of opioid pills required.