anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) implantation was conducted using an ultrafine endoscope (UFE) (GIF-XP260NS; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). The UFE researched the stricture, and a guidewire was inserted into the endoscopic working channel. The guidewire was left. And the endoscope was withdrawn. The normal colonoscope was exchanged under the reverse guidance of the guidewire. Finally, a metal, uncovered SEMS was placed along the guidewire.
A direct comparison of cannabis and dronabinol has not been performed in a clinical population. The present study will fill this void by performing a randomized, controlled 8 week trial comparing the effectiveness of oral versus vaporized cannabis in patients with neuropathic low back pain.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between posterior foraminotomy and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in patients presenting with cervical radiculopathy.
METHODS: The Quality Outcomes Database was queried for patients who had undergone ACDF or posterior foraminotomy for radiculopathy. To create two highly homogeneous groups, optimal individual matching was performed at a 5:1 ratio between the two groups on 29 baseline variables (including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, symptoms, patient-reported scores, underlying pathologies, and levels treated). Outcomes of interest were length of stay, reoperations, patient-reported satisfaction, increase in EQ-5D score, and decrease in Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores for arm and neck pain as long as 1 year after surgery. Noninferiority analysis of achieving patient satisfaction and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in PROs was performed with an accepted risk difference of 5%.
RESULTS: A total of 7805 eligible patients were identified: 216 of these underwent posterior foraminotomy and were matched to 1080 patients who underwent ACDF. The patients who underwent ACDF had more underlying pathologies, lower EQ-5D scores, and higher NDI and neck pain scores at baseline. Posterior foraminotomy was associated with shorter hospitalization (0.5 vs 0.9 days, p < 0.001). Reoperations within 12 months were significantly more common among the posterior foraminotomy group (4.2% vs 1.9%, p = 0.04). The two groups performed similarly in PROs, with posterior foraminotomy being noninferior to ACDF in achieving MCID in EQ-5D and neck pain scores but also having lower rates of maximal satisfaction at 12 months (North American Spine Society score of 1 achieved by 65.2% posterior foraminotomy patients vs 74.6% of ACDF patients, p = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS: The two procedures were found to be offered to different populations, with ACDF being selected for patients with more complicated pathologies and symptoms. After individual matching, posterior foraminotomy was associated with a higher reoperation risk within 1 year after surgery compared to ACDF (4.2% vs 1.9%). In terms of 12-month PROs, posterior foraminotomy was noninferior to ACDF in improving quality of life and neck pain. The two procedures also performed similarly in improving NDI scores and arm pain, but ACDF patients had higher maximal satisfaction rates.
The PREPARE arm will review the PREPARE website plus the easy-to-read advance directive (AD). Participants will review PREPARE on their own for ≥20 minutes with staff present to answer questions. During PREPARE, participants answer preference questions and make an action plan (i.e., commitment to engage in advance care planning). To ensure home access to PREPARE content, participants will be given a website login and PREPARE content in digital video disc (DVD), booklet, and pamphlet format as well as the action plan and AD. One to three days before a primary care visit, the PREPARE arm will receive a reminder to come to their appointment and to bring their action plan.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE           The invention relates to novel substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazola[3,2-a] pyrimidines of formula   and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.  R1 is typically a hydrogen, chlorine atom or a lower alkyl, phenyl or halogen-substituted phenyl group.  R2 is typically a hydrogen atom.  R3 is typically a 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, phenyl or halogen-substituted phenyl group.  The compounds are active on the gastroenteric tract and display anti-ulcerogenic and gastori anti-secretory activity.  They are useful for reducing undesirable gastrointestinal side-effects resulting from systemic administra-tion of anti-inflammatory prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors.          The compounds also display anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.
BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) often experience recurrent swelling and pain, which hinder their ability to walk long distances. Emerging evidence suggests that joint mobilization can enhance ankle function in patients with CAI.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of subtalar joint mobilization on enhancing ankle stability, alleviating ankle pain, and improving the walking ability of patients diagnosed with CAI.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 46 patients who were treated between April 2022 and October 2023. They were randomly divided into two groups: a treatment group with 23 cases receiving conventional treatment along with subtalar joint mobilization treatment, and a control group with 23 cases receiving only conventional treatment. The treatment duration was eight weeks. Pain levels and walking ability were assessed before and after the treatment period.
RESULTS: After eight weeks of treatment, the treatment group showed significant increases in the number of heel raises on the affected leg (NLHSL), improvements in the star excursion balance test (SEBT), and higher American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores compared to the control group. Additionally, resting pain (RVAS) and walking pain (WVAS) scores were significantly lower in the treatment group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in single-leg standing time (SLT) between the two groups. Within the control group, post-treatment assessments indicated significant improvements in dynamic balance and control measures (SLT, NLHSL, SEBT), but no significant changes were observed in pain levels (RVAS, WVAS) or rear foot function (AOFAS). In contrast, the treatment group showed significant improvements across all measured parameters (RVAS, WVAS, SLT, NLHSL, SEBT, and AOFAS) following treatment.
CONCLUSION: Subtalar joint mobilization effectively reduces ankle pain and enhances walking ability among patients with CAI by improving ankle stability. The observed improvements in walking ability may stem from mitigating compensatory mechanisms associated with varus of the calcaneus and ankle instability.
The peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) procedure has revolutionized the management of achalasia in many centres around the world as it offers patients a minimally invasive endoscopic solution to their dysphagia caused by achalasia. Alongside its success in alleviating dysphagia, concerns regarding postoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease have emerged as a pertinent issue which are not fully resolved. In this study, Nabi et al have comprehensively reviewed the topic of the prediction, prevention and management of gastroesophageal reflux after POEM. POEM is a purely endoscopic procedure which is usually performed without any anti-reflux procedure. Certain patients may be better served by a laparoscopic Heller's myotomy and fundoplication and it is important that gastroenterologists and surgeons provide comprehensive risks and benefits of each achalasia treatment option so that patients can decide what treatment is best for them. This article by Nabi et al provides a comprehensive review of the current status of this issue to allow these discussions to occur.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject preparation that can make the progress of maculopathy and macular degeneration slow down, or can stop it, if possible, by using a specific alkanoyl L-carnitine as an active ingredient. SOLUTION: The objective preparation is obtained by using an alkanoyl L-carnitine where the alkanoyl has 2-6 carbon atoms and pharmacologically acceptable salt. The alkanoyl L-carnitine is selected, for example, from acetyl, propionyl, valeryl and isovarelyl L-carnitines. The pharmacologically acceptable salt is selected, for example, from chloride, bromide, orotate (and ester). This preparation is used for prevention and treatment of age-dependent maculopathy(ARM), age-independent maculopathy (nARM) and diabetic retinopathy, the treatment of neuroretinopathy and age-dependent macular degeneration(AMD). This preparation can orally or parenterally given to the patients afflicted with ARM, nARM and AMD.
Patients with larynx and pharynx cancers will undergo sentinel node biopsy via flexible endoscopy. In this procedure, a radioactive tracer will be injected at 2-4 sites edging the tumor. A SPECT scan will be performed for visualization of the sentinel node(s).
The compsn. contains an endoproteolytically active amt. of furin or furin-like enzyme, or a fragment or deriv. of furin or furin-like enzyme, together with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or adjuvants. The enzyme is pref. obtd. from prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells which, via recombinant DNA or RNA engineering may express the enzyme as a fusion protein, when the enzyme has been spilt off from the fusion protein. Also claimed are: 1) A process for the in vitro cleavage of a protein, by using the enzyme in the presence of Ca(2+) ions; 2) A process for the mmicro (biological) prodn. of a protein by culturing cells expressing a proform of the protein; and 3) Mammalian cells containing recombinant-DNA-derived DNA encoding the enzyme.
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC), such as Delta and Omicron have harbored mutations, which increased viral infectivity or ability to evade neutralizing antibodies. Immunocompromised patients might be a source of some of these emerging variants. In this study, we sequenced 17 consecutive samples from an immunocompromised patient with a long-term SARS-CoV-2 infection with the pre-VOC era lineage B.1.177.35. We here describe the emergence of 73 nonsynonymous minority variants in this patient and show that 10 of these mutations became dominant in the viral population during the treatment period. Four of these were seen throughout the infection period and had a very low global prevalence, although three of them were also observed later in the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron lineages. We also found that two adjacent nsp12 variants (M785I and S786P) belonged to different quasi-species and competed during the early stages of infection and remdesivir administration. This emphasizes the importance of ongoing genome surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 among immunocpromised patients.
Mutual interaction between doxorubicin (DOX) and cardiomyocytes is crucial for cardiotoxicity progression. Cardiomyocyte injury is an important pathological feature of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, and its molecular pathogenesis is multifaceted. In addition to the direct toxic effects of DOX on cardiomyocytes, DOX-induced exosomes in the extracellular microenvironment also regulate the pathophysiological states of cardiomyocytes. However, the mechanisms by which DOX regulates exosome secretion and subsequent pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Here, we found that DOX significantly increased exosome secretion from cardiomyocytes, and inhibiting this release could alleviate cardiomyocyte injury. DOX promoted exosome secretion by reducing cardiomyocyte silencing information regulator 1 (SIRT1) expression, exacerbating cardiotoxicity. DOX impaired lysosomal acidification in cardiomyocytes, reducing the degradation of intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs), resulting in an increase in MVB volume before fusing with the plasma membrane to release their contents. Mechanistically, SIRT1 loss inhibited lysosomal acidification by reducing the expression of the ATP6V1A subunit of the lysosomal vacuolar-type H+ ATPase (V-ATPase) proton pump. Overexpressing SIRT1 increased ATP6V1A expression, improved lysosomal acidification, inhibited exosome secretion, and thereby alleviated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Interestingly, DOX also induced mitochondrial-derived vesicle formation in cardiomyocytes, which may further increase the abundance of MVBs and promote exosome release. Collectively, this study identified SIRT1-mediated impairment of lysosomal acidification as a key mechanism underlying the increased exosome secretion from cardiomyocytes induced by DOX, providing new insights into DOX-induced cardiotoxicity pathogenesis.
The qualitative sub-studies in five selected countries (Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, DR Congo) will follow and draw on findings from the CSS, focusing on girls and women of different age strata as well as community members (including boys and men) and key informants in the health care system in each study site. Qualitative study methods will vary depending on the site and CSS findings, but will include both individual in- depth interviews (IDIs) (up to \~ 30 individuals per site), key informant interviews as well as multiple focus group discussions (FGDs) with \~6-8 participants/group. Detailed qualitative study methodology will be developed separately as another study protocol and adapted according to the procedures for each site.
This multi-center, phase 1/2, open-label study will consist of two phases. The first will be a dose escalation phase employing a modified 3+3 design with two dose cohorts (30mg and 45mg). After 6 patients complete the first cycle in a cohort, safety events will be evaluated before opening the next dose cohort. Patients will continue on treatment as long as it is tolerated and disease progression has not occurred. Phase 2 will occur at the recommended dose determined in phase 1 in an additional 25 patients. Another 3 patients will be dosed at 15mg for collection of pharmacokinetic data. These patients may also escalate to the recommended dose and be assessed for efficacy and safety as phase 2 patients.

Efficacy measures include molecular, cytogenetic, and hematologic response rates at various time points; time to response; duration of response; and survival follow-up. Safety measures include routine physical and laboratory evaluations, adverse event monitoring, and ECGs. Other measures include mutation testing and molecular genetic assessment. Accrual is expected to take approximately 12 months, and patients will be followed for survival for up to 60 months from the last dose of study drug; therefore, the estimated duration of the trial is 72 months.
In the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial (BHAT), the initial dose was 40 mg t.i.d., with titration after 1 month to 60 mg to 80 mg t.i.d. as tolerated. The recommended daily dosage is 180 mg to 240 mg propranolol hydrochloride per day in divided doses. Although a t.i.d. regimen was used in the BHAT and a q.i.d. regimen in the Norwegian Multicenter Trial, there is a reasonable basis for the use of either a t.i.d. or b.i.d. regimen (see PHARMACODYNAMICS AND CLINICAL EFFECTS). The effectiveness and safety of daily dosages greater than 240 mg for prevention of cardiac mortality have not been established. However, higher dosages may be needed to effectively treat coexisting diseases such as angina or hypertension (see above).
Persons living with HIV (PLWH) now achieve a near-normal life expectancy due to antiretroviral therapy (ART) which has transformed HIV from a terminal diagnosis to a manageable chronic condition. Despite widespread availability of ART in the United States (US), many of the country's approximate 1.1 million PLWH are not fully benefitting from ART due to poor adherence. These suboptimal HIV health outcomes occur at a time when clinicians have limited time and the US healthcare system remains fragmented, further exacerbating the challenges inherent in the lives of underserved, marginalized groups, such as PLWH. Therefore, the development and evaluation of interventions using a cadre of community health workers (CHW) holds promise for addressing these challenges in the US. This study addresses limitations in current research on CHW interventions to improve viral suppression and ART adherence. The ubiquitous nature of mHealth technologies in daily life creates opportunities for health behavior management tools that were not previously possible and has the potential to address many of the healthcare needs of PLWH. The investigators propose to build on strong preliminary data to strengthen a community health worker (CHW) intervention using an existing mHealth approach, and provide further information regarding the successful wide-scale implementation of this combination intervention.
Spontaneous meningoencephaloceles (MECs) are sparsely documented in the literature. Those occurring in the frontal sinus are an exceedingly rare entity. MECs are commonly associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea. CSF rhinorrhoea is frequently misdiagnosed, causing delays in diagnosis and management. The subsequently increased risk of bacterial meningitis can be life-threatening to patients. We report the case of a woman in her late 70s with a spontaneous frontal sinus MEC, presenting with a 6-month history of CSF rhinorrhoea. The patient was successfully treated using the novel Carolyn's window approach endoscopically; 9-month follow-up revealed no skull-base breach. Our case emphasises the importance of considering MEC as a differential diagnosis for clear rhinorrhoea and demonstrates successful repair through a novel surgical approach.
Described herein are combinatorial compositions comprising a synthetic compound and a biological agent for beneficial effect. The synthetic compound may be a leucyl- tRNA synthetase inhibitor. The synthetic compound also may be a benzoxaborole. The combinatorial compositions may have a synergistic effect. The combinatorial composition has at least one biological agent, which may have a controlling or stimulatory effect and may be selected from a modified or un-modified microorganism, metabolite, or substituent thereof. The combinatorial composition may further comprise a second modified or un-modified microorganism, metabolite or substituent thereof, or energy source for either or both microorganism(s). Also described are methods for promoting plant performance and/or curatively or preventively controlling insects, nematodes, microorganisms, or phytopathogens on or in an animal or a plant, plant parts, harvested fruits, or vegetables.
Systems and techniques for time-series forecasting are illustrated. One embodiment includes a method for refining time-series forecasts, the method obtains timestep information including baseline information, a time gap, and context information. The baseline information includes information known about the system at a time when the multivariate time-series is generated. The context information includes at least one vector of time-independent background variables related to the system. The method determines, based on the timestep information, parameter predictions for the system at a first timestep and a second timestep. The method derives actual state values for the system at the first timestep. The method updates the parameter predictions for the system at the second timestep, using a gating function, based on a discrepancy between: the parameter predictions for the system at the first timestep, and the actual state values for the system at the first timestep.
The invention comprises tetraiodo-terephthaloyl-amino acids of the general formula <FORM:0836748/IV (b)/1> (wherein R is a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl radical and n is 1 or 2), and lower alkyl esters and metal- and amine-salts of the acids.  The invention also comprises the process of producing the above compounds by condensing tetraiodo-terephthaloyl dichloride with an ester or salt of the appropriate amino acid.  These tetraiodo-terephthaloyl derivatives are efficient X-ray contrast agents (see Group VI).  In Example 1, tetraiodo-terephthaloyl dichloride is dissolved in dimethyl formamide, and the solution is mixed with a solution of glycine in aqueous sodium hydroxide.  The mixture is stirred for 2 to 4 hours on a steam-bath.  After cooling to 60 DEG  C., hydrochloric acid is added, whereupon tetraiodo-terephthalic acid diglycide is precipitated.  Example 2 describes the preparation of the corresponding diethyl ester. Example 3 describes the preparation of the bis-diethanolamine salt by dissolving the free acid in somewhat more than the theoretical quantity of 50% aqueous diethanolamine, and precipitating the salt with ethanol.  The example also relates to the sodium, lithium and bis-N-methyl-glucamine salts.ALSO:The invention comprises tetraiodo-terephthaloyl-amino acids of the general formula <FORM:0836748/VI/1> (wherein R is a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl radical and n is 1 or 2), and lower alkyl esters and metal- and amine-salts of the acids (see Group IV (b)).  The compounds are efficient X-ray contrast agents.  In urography, a solution of the sodium, diethanolamine or glucamine salt can be injected intravenously.  The compounds may also be used in bronchography and hysterosalpingorraphy.  The compounds may be administered orally in the form of solutions, suspensions, tablets or capsules.  In bronchography, the esters are preferably used in suspension.  It is possible, however, to use salts of the acids provided thickening agents such as methyl cellulose, gelatine or dextran are used.
Randomised patients \[intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) group I\] with central foveal thickness \>300µm on OCT will be submitted to 6 months treatment with 0.05ml (1.25mg) intravitreous injection of Bevacizumabe "prn" (pro re nata, or as needed), with monthly visits for central subfoveal thickness map more than 300µm by Optic Coherence Tomography. Care will be take in all cases to insure that the needle do not touch the lids or lashes. Bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 cc; F. Hoffmann- La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) will be inject into the vitreous cavity using a 29-gauge 0.5- inch needle insert through the superotemporal pars plana 3.0-3.5 mm posterior to the limbus.
This is a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose finding study in men with advanced androgen-sensitive prostate cancer. Patients who give informed consent will have screening evaluations, and if fulfilling the entry criteria, will be randomized to one of 4 treatment groups: 1mL, 2mL or 3mL of 0.36% BHR-200 (transdermal estradiol gel) or Placebo. Study drug will be initiated on the day they were scheduled to receive next depot GnRH agonist injection. Patients will be offered low-dose radiation to aid in the prevention of gynecomastia. Patients will apply the study drug once per day. The first dose of study gel will be applied under the supervision of the PI/designee. Subsequent doses will be self-administered daily by the patient until he is no longer chemically castrated (testosterone levels increase above 50 ng/dL), a rise over baseline PSA of \> 0.5 ng/mL is observed, or he has completed 52 weeks of study drug administration. At the conclusion of study participation, patients will be advised to resume standard of care treatment under the supervision of their healthcare provider. While on treatment, patients will be evaluated at Day 1 and every 2 weeks, for the first 24 weeks and every 4 weeks thereafter with a final post-treatment follow-up visit 2 weeks (+/- 1 week) post last dose administration.