anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Topiramate is not approved for the treatment of obesity. This study is a 6-month randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study, followed by a 6-month open-label extension study to evaluate the effect of Topiramate on abdominal visceral fat accumulation, a clinical surrogate known to be associated with the complications of obesity such as increased incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and their associated morbidities. Patients will be randomized to receive either daily Topiramate or placebo. Effectiveness will be measured by multiple parameters such as abdominal visceral fat (assessed by computed tomography), total and subcutaneous abdominal fat, body composition, body weight, body mass index, glucose tolerance, lipid profile, blood pressure, Topiramate plasma concentration, or 24 hours energy expenditure (selected patients). Safety evaluation (adverse events, vital signs, 12-lead ECG, clinical laboratory tests) will be conducted throughout the study. The study hypothesis is that Topiramate is effective in reducing abdominal visceral fat in male patients and well tolerated. After the initial 12-week titration phase, patients will receive either Topiramate (200mg twice daily or the maximum dose tolerated) or placebo by mouth for 6-months. Then, patients will receive Topiramate (200mg twice daily or the maximum tolerated dose) for 6-months during the open-label phase.
In photosynthetic cells, plants convert carbon dioxide to sugars that can be moved between cellular compartments by transporters before being subsequently metabolized to support plant growth and development. Most pathogens cannot synthesize sugars directly but have evolved mechanisms to obtain plant-derived sugars as C resource for successful infection and colonization. The availability of sugars to pathogens can determine resistance or susceptibility. Here, we summarize current progress on the roles of sugar transporters in plant-pathogen interactions. We highlight how transporters are manipulated antagonistically by both host and pathogens in competing for sugars. We examine the potential application of this target in resistance breeding and discuss opportunities and challenges for the future.
Subjects will receive the either free-base or protonated form of four nicotine fluxes: 9, 18, 27, 35 μg/sec at their first of two visits. In the first visit, participants will use the ENDS device with one nicotine form and four fluxes in random order. Participants will be instructed to attend the lab for a second visit, to test the four fluxes but with the other nicotine form.
OBJECTIVE: In clinical practice, persistent somatic symptoms are regularly explained using a cognitive-behavioral model (CBM). In the CBM, predisposing, perpetuating, and precipitating factors are assumed to interact and to cause the onset and endurance of somatic symptoms. However, these models are rarely investigated in their entirety.
METHODS: We conducted an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 2114 participants from the general German population completed questionnaires that measured different factors of the CBM. We used state negative affectivity and neuroticism as predisposing factors, fear of a COVID-19 infection as the precipitating factor, and somatic symptoms, misinterpretation of bodily symptoms, attention allocation to bodily symptoms, and health anxiety as perpetuating factors. Moreover, we added safety and avoidance behavior as end points to the model. We conducted a psychological network analysis to exploratively study the relationships between the model's different factors and tested the assumptions of the CBM by evaluating a structural equation model (SEM) that incorporated all factors of the model.
RESULTS: Network analyses revealed clustering in our data: Health anxiety and different cognitive factors are closely related, whereas somatic symptoms and state negative affectivity are strongly associated. Our SEM showed adequate fit.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings from an exploratory and a confirmatory approach give empirical support for the CBM, suggesting it as a suitable model to explain bodily symptoms in the general population and to possibly guide clinical practice. The network model additionally indicates the necessity to apply an individualized CBM for patients, depending on a preponderance of either persistent somatic symptoms or health concerns.
This study will employ a randomized within-subjects design. There are three different conditions in this study. By randomization, the participants will experience at least two of the conditions and likely all three, depending on the number of their wound care sessions. All subjects will always receive all their usual pain medications for all treatment conditions. The three conditions are: High Tech Virtual Reality (VRD), Low Tech Virtual Reality (Nature Slides), and standard wound care (no VR). The subjects will be randomly assigned to receive some portions of their wound care sessions during High Tech Virtual Reality (VRD), some portions during Low Tech Virtual Reality (Nature Slides), and some portions with standard wound care, no virtual reality. The treatment orders will be randomized. After each treatment condition the investigators will ask subjects one pain question about their pain intensity during the most recent treatment condition.
Participants received bodyweight and body surface area (BSA) stratified dose of midostaurin 30 mg/m\^2 twice daily (bid) through oral route. The total daily dose in 30 mg/m\^2 bid cohort was 60 mg/m\^2.
The invention provides a method for predicting recurrence of cerebral arterial thrombosis, which comprises the steps of firstly, extracting multidimensional data of a patient for fusion, carrying out Lasso analysis on the fused data, and outputting key factors. Secondly, filling the blank values in the data set, and filling the non-recurrent and hospitalized patients, the characteristics of more missing patients without hospitalization and the characteristics of less missing patients without hospitalization in three different modes. And then the sample imbalance existing in the data set is processed by adopting a sample imbalance processing mode. Meanwhile, CT image data of the brain of the patient are taken, the GCforest multi-granularity scanning layer is adopted to carry out convolution learning on the image data, and features are regulated to be in the size of [32,1] through feature remodeling. And (3) taking the remodeled features as fixed features and structured features, jointly transmitting the features to a GCforest multi-granularity scanning layer for feature enhancement, and finally transmitting the features to a cascade forest for model training. The invention provides a new idea for medical application of the artificial intelligence technology.
The goal of this proposal is to explore the feasibility of, and potential for, dietary supplementation with branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) to effect sleep quality and cognitive function in Veterans. The BCAAs (Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine) cannot be synthesized endogenously (i.e., they must be obtained through the diet) and are the precursors to \>50% of de novo glutamate and GABA synthesis in the brain, which are the primary excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, respectively. Preclinical evidence strongly suggests that dietary BCAA supplementation restores normal sleep-wake patterns and cognitive function following TBI through a restoration in the global cortical excitation:inhibition ratio. BCAA supplementation has been studied extensively in healthy humans and in a variety of disease states, including following TBI, but not yet in Veterans in the chronic phase of recovery from TBI. BCAAs are a commercially available dietary supplement and very well tolerated with minimal side-effects.

Subjects will be randomized in a double-blind fashion through the VA Research Pharmacy to one of three groups: 1) BCAA; 60 g/day in two 30 g doses, 2) rice protein; 60 g/day in two 30 g doses, and 3) placebo; 60 g microcrystalline cellulose in two 30 g doses. BCAA and placebo will be prepared by the VA Research Pharmacy and dispensed in a blinded fashion to Veterans after demonstrating informed consent. Following a \~4-week period of baseline, Veterans will be instructed to consume study product after waking and \~6 hours later, on an empty stomach for a period of up to 21-days. Self-report questionnaires assessing sleep quality, cognitive function, trauma-related symptom severity, and other measures of mental and physical well-being will be administered before and after the experimental period. Wrist actigraphy will be continuously collected over the baseline and the experimental period. Cognitive function will be assessed before and after the experimental period using an established battery of neuropsychological tests (i.e., selected tests from WAIS, D-KEFS, HVLT, COWAT, among others. Pressure pain testing will be conducted before and after the experimental period.
Glaucoma is a group of ocular diseases that cause irreversible blindness. It is characterized by multifactorial degeneration of the optic nerve axons and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), resulting in the loss of vision. Major components of glaucoma pathogenesis include glia-driven neuroinflammation and impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics, leading to retinal neurodegeneration. In this review article, we summarize current evidence for the emerging role of apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) as an important anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective factor in the retina. Due to its association with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), extracellular AIBP selectively removes excess cholesterol from the plasma membrane of inflammatory and activated cells. This results in the reduced expression of TLR4-associated, cholesterol-rich lipid rafts and the inhibition of downstream inflammatory signaling. Intracellular AIBP is localized to mitochondria and modulates mitophagy through the ubiquitination of mitofusins 1 and 2. Importantly, elevated intraocular pressure induces AIBP deficiency in mouse models and in human glaucomatous retina. AIBP deficiency leads to the activation of TLR4 in Müller glia, triggering mitochondrial dysfunction in both RGCs and Müller glia, and compromising visual function in a mouse model. Conversely, restoring AIBP expression in the retina reduces neuroinflammation, prevents RGCs death, and protects visual function. These results provide new insight into the mechanism of AIBP function in the retina and suggest a therapeutic potential for restoring retinal AIBP expression in the treatment of glaucoma.
The technology enabled, remotely delivered exercise group will receive information and advice about exercise that could be undertaken at home or in their local area. In addition, participants will received a Polar A370 fitness tracker wristwatch with heart rate monitoring chest strap. Participants will take part in exercise each week (most likely walking) which will increase in duration over 8-weeks from 105 minutes each week to 150 minutes each week. Each week a member of the research team will have a telephone call with the participant to discuss the exercise prescription.
BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders significantly impair the quality of life (QOL). Studies on the effect of sleep duration, chronotype, and social jet lag on anxiety disorders are limited. This study aimed to elucidate the contributions of sleep duration, chronotype, and social jet lag to the prevalence and severity of anxiety disorders in Koreans.
METHODS: This study used data of 9,874 Korean adults from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2021-2022. Anxiety was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale, and health-related QOL was measured using the Health-Related Quality of Life Instrument with 8-Items. Complex sample logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between sleep duration, chronotype, and social jet lag and anxiety disorders, with analyses stratified by sex.
RESULTS: Sleep duration of <6 h, evening chronotype, and social jet lag of >2 h were significantly associated with a high prevalence of anxiety disorders in women; however, in men, only sleep duration of <6 h was associated with anxiety disorders. Sleep duration of <6 h and evening chronotype were associated with low QOL in women but not in men.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of adequate sleep and circadian alignment for mental health, particularly in women. Public health initiatives should focus on promoting healthy sleep habits to improve mental health and QOL. Further research is required to understand the causal pathways and sex-specific mechanisms underlying these associations.
In patients with chronic renal impairment, whose creatinine clearance ranged between 10 and 62 mL/min/1.73 m2, the disposition of omeprazole was very similar to that in healthy volunteers, although there was a slight increase in bioavailability. Because urinary excretion is a primary route of excretion of omeprazole metabolites, their elimination slowed in proportion to the decreased creatinine clearance. No dose reduction is necessary in patients with renal impairment.

In patients with chronic renal impairment, whose creatinine clearance ranged between 10 and 62 mL/min/1.73 m2, the disposition of omeprazole was very similar to that in healthy volunteers, although there was a slight increase in bioavailability. Because urinary excretion is a primary route of excretion of omeprazole metabolites, their elimination slowed in proportion to the decreased creatinine clearance. No dose reduction is necessary in patients with renal impairment.
BACKGROUND: Causes of morbidity and mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) include early brain injury and delayed neurologic deterioration, which may result from delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlie DCI, which often includes angiographic vasospasm (aVSP) of cerebral arteries.
METHODS: Despite the study of many pharmacological therapies for the prevention of DCI in aSAH, nimodipine-a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker-remains the only drug recommended universally in this patient population. A common theme in the research of preventative therapies is the use of promising drugs that have been shown to reduce the occurrence of aVSP but ultimately did not improve functional outcomes in large, randomized studies. An example of this is the endothelin antagonist clazosentan, although this agent was recently approved in Japan.
RESULTS: The use of the only approved drug, nimodipine, is limited in practice by hypotension. The administration of nimodipine and its counterpart nicardipine by alternative routes, such as intrathecally or formulated as prolonged release implants, continues to be a rational area of study. Additional agents approved in other parts of the world include fasudil and tirilazad.
CONCLUSIONS: We provide a brief overview of agents currently being studied for prevention of aVSP and DCI after aSAH. Future studies may need to identify subpopulations of patients who can benefit from these drugs and perhaps redefine acceptable outcomes to demonstrate impact.
Participants received four capsules of 28 mg TIPnew (112 mg), inhaled twice a day (b.i.d.) in the morning and the evening given in a cycle of 28 days on treatment followed by 28 days off treatment for three consecutive cycles.
OBJECTIVES: I. Compare the efficacy of fluorouracil with or without IM-862 in terms of progression free survival in patients with previously untreated or recurrent metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum. II. Determine the toxicity of IM-862 and fluorouracil in these patients. III. Determine the efficacy of IM-862 in combination with irinotecan in terms of progression free survival in patients who have disease progression after receiving fluorouracil. IV. Obtain preliminary data on molecular markers of response and time to progression by determining levels of genes involved in adhesion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and drug resistance prior to and during chemotherapy. V. Determine the molecular correlates for response and time to progression through analysis of serum and urine markers of angiogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, in patients treated with IM-862 in combination with fluorouracil or irinotecan. VI. Compare the quality of life of patients treated with these regimens.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study. Patients are randomized to one of two treatment arms: Arm I: Patients receive fluorouracil IV continuously on days 1-21 and IM-862 intranasally three times daily on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 4 weeks in the absence of disease progression. Patients who develop disease progression are taken off fluorouracil and IM-862, and then receive irinotecan IV over 90 minutes weekly for 4 weeks. Courses repeat every 6 weeks in the absence of disease progression. Arm II: Patients receive fluorouracil as in arm I and placebo intranasally three times daily on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 4 weeks in the absence of disease progression. Patients who develop disease progression are taken off fluorouracil and placebo, and then receive irinotecan and IM-862 as in arm I on days 1-42. Courses repeat every 6 weeks in the absence of disease progression. Quality of life is assessed prior to study, and then prior to every course during study. Patients are followed for a minimum of 6 months.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 66 patients (33 per arm) will be accrued for this study within 26-27 months.
BACKGROUND: Over the past 25 years, global opioid consumption has increased. Denmark ranks fifth in opioid use globally, exceeding other Scandinavian countries. Postsurgical pain is a common reason for opioid prescriptions, but opioid use patterns after patient discharge from the hospital are unclear. This study examines trends in opioid prescription among Danish surgical patients over a year.
METHODS: This register-based cohort study will use data from Danish governmental databases related to patients undergoing the 10 most frequent surgical procedures in 2018, excluding cancer-related and minor procedures. The primary outcome will be the dispensed postoperative opioid prescriptions at retail pharmacies over four quarters. Secondary analyses will include associations with sex, age, education attainment, and oral morphine equivalent quotient. Surgical treatments and diagnoses will be identified using NOMESCO procedure codes and ICD-10 codes. Opioids will be identified by ATC codes N02A and R05DA04. Subjects will be classified as preoperative opioid consumers or non-opioid consumers based on opioid prescriptions redeemed in the 6 months before surgery.
DISCUSSION: The study will use extensive national register-based data, ensuring consistent data collection and enhancing the generalizability of the findings to similar healthcare systems. The study may identify high-risk populations for long-term opioids and provide information to support opioid prescribing guidelines and public health policies.
BACKGROUND: Fever has been shown to be associated with poor outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury. Earlier studies have used peak daily temperature to derive the burden of fever. The association between hospital mortality and fever burden calculated as the area under the temperature-time curve for the entire duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay has not been studied before.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the burden of fever and hospital mortality in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury admitted to the ICU.
METHODS: We conducted this retrospective cohort study using an electronic database in a tertiary ICU in Sydney. We included all adult patients admitted to the ICU with isolated traumatic brain injury over 3 years from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2020. We collected data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and interventions for all patients. We defined the burden of fever as an area under the temperature-time curve above 37 °C. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between burden of fever and hospital mortality. We assessed the importance of the burden of fever in a predictive model using machine-learning methods (Bagging and Random Forest).
RESULTS: A total of 88 patients (76% males, mean age: 54 ± 23 years, mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE] II score: 15 ± 7) were included in the study, and 18 (20.5%) of the 88 patients died in hospital. Compared to survivors, the nonsurvivors had lower mean Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at the scene, higher mean APACHE II and III scores, and higher rates of intracranial pressure monitoring, surgery, mechanical ventilation, use of vasopressors, and cooling. On multivariable logistic regression, age (odds ratio: 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.09, p = 0.01) was found to be an independent predictor of hospital mortality. A higher GCS score at the scene (odds ratio: 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.66-0.98, p = 0.03) was associated with survival. The burden of fever was not associated with hospital mortality. The top three important variables in the predictive model were APACHE III, GCS score at scene, and age.
CONCLUSION: The burden of fever was not an independent predictor of hospital mortality. The results of this study need to be confirmed in a large multicenter study.
Method: Formative process evaluation.

Over the last decade many scientific articles have been published on motor learning in neurological and geriatric rehabilitation. To make the available findings comprehendible and clear for physiotherapists, a card set and website have been developed. Participating physiotherapists will use the "card set and website" in their daily practice for a period of six months. To assess the usage and experiences of therapists, digital questionnaires will be administered prior to the intervention, at 3 months, and at 6 months, along with bi-weekly monitoring. The quantitative data from the questionnaires and monitoring will be analyzed using descriptive statistics (e.g., frequency tables, means, medians, IQR, and summary figures). Additionally, an interim evaluation will take place where solutions for the main user issues will be collectively brainstormed with the participants. Finally, a consensus meeting will be held to reach the final versions of the card set and website. The nominal group technique will be used to ensure active participation from all participants and to achieve consensus on the definitive list of modifications.
This study will evaluate a technique called lymphatic drainage mapping. This is a technique where a radiotracer (a radioactive material that can be seen with a special computed tomography \[CT\] scanner to create 3D images) is injected into a vein around the tumour, either with local anesthesia or under general anesthesia. The radiotracer that will be used for the lymphatic drainage mapping is called 99m-Technetium Sulfur Colloid. Images will be taken of neck to detect the movement of the radiotracer. This will allow the doctors to see the drainage pattern of the lymph nodes in the neck.

The information from this study will be used to better understand the tendency for oropharyngeal cancers to spread to lymph nodes. In addition, the information from this clinical trial will be used in future clinical studies to help specialists identify strategies to help plan treatment based on this type of imaging study.