anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Participants in the control group will receive 5-10 minutes of unstructured brief smoking cessation advice by the pharmacist. In addition they will be provided with educational materials about smoking cessation and will be offered nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).
Thirty adults will be provided an 8-week standard lifestyle intervention, that includes a 1200-1500 kcal/day, \< 30% energy from fat dietary prescription, and a physical activity goal of 200 minutes/week. Participants will be randomized to one of two conditions differing in timing of energy consumed during eating bouts. Both conditions will limit the number of eating bouts/day to three. Participants will be instructed to eat their first eating bout within one hour of awakening and to consume their second and third eating bouts within five or six hours of their previous bout. Participants will be discouraged from eating at least one hour prior to going to sleep. During the intervention, participants will be instructed to self-monitor the time they wake up, the time of the start of each eating bout, and time they go to bed, as well as foods and beverages, and portion sizes, consumed. One condition will consume more energy earlier in the day (MORNING), thus energy intake will be split amongst the three eating bouts with 50% in the first bout, 30% in the second bout, and 20% in the last bout. The second condition will consume more energy later in the day (EVENING), thus energy intake will be split amongst the three eating bouts with 20% in the first bout, 30% in the second bout, and 50% in the last bout.
Participants will be included in this group only during phase 3. All participants will receive one dose of bivalent gamma omicron vaccine and one dose of placebo 28 days apart, in a crossover design.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The adverse reaction information from clinical trials does, however, provide a basis for identifying the adverse events that appear to be related to drug use and for approximating rates.

Serious adverse reactions are uncommon when verapamil therapy is initiated with upward dose titration within the recommended single and total daily dose. See Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5) for discussion of heart failure, hypotension, elevated liver enzymes, AV block, and rapid ventricular response. Reversible (upon discontinuation of verapamil) non-obstructive, paralytic ileus has been infrequently reported in association with the use of verapamil.

The following reactions (Table 1) to orally administered Verapamil Hydrochloride Extended-release Capsules (PM) occurred at rates of 2.0% or greater or occurred at lower rates but appeared to be drug-related in clinical trials in hypertension.

In previous experience with other formulations of verapamil (N=4,954) the following reactions (Table 2) have occurred at rates greater than 1.0% or occurred at lower rates but appeared clearly drug related in clinical trials in 4,954 patients.

In clinical trials related to the control of ventricular response in patients taking digoxin who had atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, ventricular rate below 50/min at rest occurred in 15% of patients and asymptomatic hypotension occurred in 5% of patients.
There is a crisis in the treatment of the imminently suicidal patient. Acute Suicidal Depression (ASD) is a life-threatening illness which requires rapid relief. A number of behavioral programs with varying efficacy are available for prevention of suicide. However, once acute suicidal depression has set in, its treatment is woefully inadequate in the current health system despite availability of efficacious treatments. Patients suffering from ASD are usually admitted as inpatients for safety and started on oral antidepressants (which can take 6 - 12 weeks to have an effect) and given nursing care. They are then discharged from the hospital, usually within 4 -5 days, as soon as immediate safety concerns are ameliorated. Essentially, patients do not receive any specific rapidly acting treatment for their suicidal depression. As The immediate post-discharge period has been shown to be of the highest risk for repeat suicide attempts and completed suicides. One important reason for the inadequate treatment of ASD is the lack of large-scale comparative studies of efficacious treatments such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and subanesthetic dose intravenous ketamine (KET). In the absence of data to guide rational treatment choice, neither treatment is being used adequately. Clinicians are less likely to recommend these treatments in the absence of evidence to base their decision regarding which treatment to give first and under what circumstances. Patients are reluctant to choose between these treatments due to uncertainty regarding efficacy and apprehension regarding side effects and social stigma. Finally, in the absence of effectiveness data, hospital administrators and third-party payers are reticent about committing material and financial resources for these services leading to inaccessibility. Hence, there is a critical need for a large-scale comparative effectiveness trial of ECT vs. intravenous ketamine for rapid reversal of ASD to provide rational guidance for all stakeholders.

This study will address this significant clinical dilemma by conducting a large scale (N = 1500) non-inferiority randomized comparative effectiveness trial of ECT vs. KET for rapid treatment of acute suicidal major depression (ASD) across the lifespan.
Paracetamol, NSAIDs, or a combination of the two molecules are usually prescribed. Patients even use these medications without a prescription. It is not known, however, whether or not NSAIDs have an additional value relative to paracetamol for the treatment of pain.

All patients were assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio. Randomization of subjects was performed centrally according to a computer-generated random code provided by one of investigators who was not involved in any other part of the trial. The patients included were divided into 3 groups: Paracetamol group who received paracetamol 1000 mg orally every 8th hour for 7 days; NSAID group who received piroxicam 20 mg orally twice a day for 7 days, and Paracetamol-NSAID combination who received both treatments at the same doses for 7 days. All protocol treatments were administered in opaque packets with code number according to the randomization list by an independent nurse who was not involved in monitoring or follow-up of the individuals. Data were collected for each patient, including demographics, medical history, and findings of the clinical examination. Injury Severity Score (ISS) whose values range from 0 to 75 was also assessed. Each patient was re-evaluated on the 3rd and 7th day post-trauma (D7) using a telephone contact by a clinical research associates who was blinded to the details of the study to note the following clinical data: pain VNS, ED readmissions for residual pain, need for other analgesics other than those of the protocol, other treatment modalities the patient might have used (adherence to the treatment prescribed), and side effects. In addition patients were asked about their satisfaction with pain control following ED using five point Likert scale: very dissatisfied, not satisfied, neutral, satisfied and very satisfied and about the degree to which they adhered to medication schedule. The principal investigator who was aware of the allocation was not involved in monitoring or recording of the outcomes until the data collection was completed.
The invention relates to the technical field of molecular biology, in particular to shRNA molecules, vectors, preparations, preparation methods and applications for knocking down mouse P2X7R genes. The nucleotide coding sequence of the targeting sequence of the shRNA molecule is shown as SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 2 or SEQ ID NO. 3. The vector contains the shRNA molecule. The preparation contains the carrier. The application of shRNA molecules or vectors in knocking down the expression of the mouse P2X7R genes or in preparing preparations for treating mouse breast cancer. The vector prepared by the invention can obviously inhibit the expression of the mouse P2X7R gene, achieves the purposes of inhibiting the growth of mouse breast cancer and reducing the invasion and migration of cancer cells, and can be used for preparing preparations for treating mouse breast cancer.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease, causing high rates of death, disability, and suffering across the world. For decades, its treatment has been shrouded by the lack of reliable evidence, and consequently, the presumption that an effective treatment is unlikely to be found. Neutral results arising from several major randomized controlled trials had established a negative spirit within and outside the stroke community. Frustration among researchers and a sense of nihilism in clinicians has created the general perception that patients presenting with ICH have a poor prognosis irrespective of them receiving any form of active management. All this changed in 2023 with the positive results on the primary outcome in randomized controlled trials showing treatment benefits for a hyperacute care bundle approach (INTERACT3), early minimal invasive hematoma evacuation (ENRICH), and use of factor Xa-inhibitor anticoagulation reversal with andexanet alfa (ANNEXa-I). These advances have now been extended in 2024 by confirmation that intensive blood pressure lowering initiated within the first few hours of the onset of symptoms can substantially improve outcome in ICH (INTERACT4) and that decompressive hemicraniectomy is a viable treatment strategy in patients with large deep ICH (SWITCH). This evidence will spearhead a change in the perception of ICH, to revolutionize the care of these patients to ultimately improve their outcomes. We review these and other recent developments in the hyperacute management of ICH. We summarize the results of randomized controlled trials and discuss related original research papers published in this issue of the International Journal of Stroke. These exciting advances demonstrate how we are now at the dawn of a new, exciting, and brighter era of ICH management.
This study will involve a 2-week "run-in" period and two 4-week "intervention" phases separated by a 3 week "washout" non-intervention phase (for a total of 13 weeks). At the start of each 4-week intervention period, subjects will be asked to participate in a "postprandial challenge" test. Subjects will be asked to first follow a 2-week run-in control period consuming habitual diets but refraining from consuming polyphenol-rich foods/beverages, including tea, berries, grapes, juices, and wine. Subjects will then be asked to consume 60 g of grape powder or placebo in random order, each for a 4-week intervention period, separated by a 3-week washout period. Subjects will be asked to prepare powder by mixing with water at breakfast (30 g) and dinner (30 g) and consume immediately after mixing (or within 30 minutes). During each 4-week intervention period, subjects will be asked to refrain from consuming polyphenol-rich foods/beverages. During the washout period subjects will not be asked to consume the powder, but should abstain from consuming polyphenol-rich foods/beverages. The grape powder is made from a composite of fresh red, green and black California grapes, based on actual consumption patterns of consumers. It is a mix of seeded and seedless varieties that have been frozen, ground with food-quality dry ice, freeze-dried, and re-ground. Subjects will also be asked to maintain normal diet and exercise habits throughout the study, with the exception being the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods/beverages. Subjects will be asked to complete a 5-day dietary record (including 1 weekend day) and a 7-day physical activity diary at the baseline and end of each intervention period. Subjects will come to the University of Connecticut Nutrition Department once every other week (biweekly) to pick up the powder (in packets), which needs to be kept frozen until consumption.

For the postprandial challenge tests, subjects will be asked to fast overnight (12 hours) and then will be given a coconut oil-based lactose-free milkshake (1 g fat/kg body weight), containing 60 g of either placebo or grape powder. Subjects will be asked to spend the test day in the laboratory in a rested state and, with the exception of water, will not be permitted to consume any additional food or beverages during the 6 hours after consuming the milkshake. Subjects will be asked to abstain from alcohol and strenuous physical activity 24-hours prior to the postprandial test. To standardize short-term fat intake, subjects will be given recipes and instructed to consume a low-fat evening meal (\< 10 g fat) the night prior to postprandial tests. Subjects will also be asked to complete a 1-day food record for the day prior to the postprandial tests.
Background and Objectives: Although different hypotheses have been proposed over time, there is a dearth of information on factors able to predict the response to treatment for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) and hearing recovery. The aim of this study was to apply univariate and multivariate statistical models in a retrospective clinical setting of patients given therapy for ISSNHL at our tertiary academic audiological centers to investigate the prognostic value of clinical signs, symptoms, and comorbidities in relation to hearing recovery. Materials and Methods: The inclusion criteria were: history of ISSNHL diagnosed and treated at the Padova or Modena tertiary academic audiological centers; age ≥ 18 years; availability of clinical and audiological outcome data. The exclusion criteria were: hearing loss in acoustic schwannoma, endolymphatic hydrops, meningitis, trauma (head trauma, temporal bone fracture, acoustic trauma), barotrauma, perilymphatic fistula; exposure to noise levels ≥ 80 dB in the work environment; any unilateral or bilateral hearing loss (except for presbycusis) prior to ISSNHL diagnosis; any disorders affecting the external or middle ear; any previous ear surgery; refusal to make medical data available for research purposes. Eighty-six consecutive patients (38 females, 48 males; median age: 58 years; interquartile range: 47.00-69.00 years) were included. A systemic steroid therapy was administered to all patients, either orally with prednisone or intravenously with methylprednisolone. Second-line therapy included intratympanic steroid injections and/or hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Results: A multivariate logistic regression model was used, including the non-multicollinear clinical and audiological variables, which showed a p-value < 0.10 at the univariate analyses (namely age at diagnosis, time to diagnosis, oral steroid dose, and PTA on the affected side). Only PTA on the affected side retained its statistical significance (OR: 1.0615, 95% CI: 1.0185-1.1063, p = 0.005). Conclusions: The analysis of our data showed an association between the hearing threshold before treatment and the recovery from ISSNHL. Further studies on larger cohorts (especially in a prospective setting) are needed to shed more light on the prognostic role of clinical parameters in patients with ISSNHL. In a correct counseling setting, with regard to the patient's concern about not being able to recover hearing, it is important to offer perspectives of appropriate hearing rehabilitation approaches.
Ustekinumab (Stelara) subcutaneous injection 45mg (if person's weight is 100kg or less) or 90mg (if person's weight is greater than 100kg) at day 0 and week 4 followed by every 12-week dosing thereafter. Patient will receive total of 52 weeks of ustekinumab (12 weeks during RCT phase, 40 weeks post RCT phase). The end of study is at Week 52 for this arm.
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) has become a common procedure for treating advanced gastric cancer (AGC) in China. However, there is uncertainty regarding its oncological outcomes compared to open distal gastrectomy (ODG). This study aims to compare the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates among patients who underwent surgery for AGC in northern China.
METHODS: A multicenter, non-inferiority, open-label, parallel, randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate patients with AGC who were eligible for distal gastrectomy at five tertiary hospitals in North China. In this trial, patients were randomly assigned preoperatively to receive either LDG or ODG in a 1:1 allocation ratio. The primary endpoint was postoperative morbidity and mortality within 30 days and the secondary endpoint was the 3-year DFS rate. This trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02464215).
RESULTS: A total of 446 patients were randomly allocated to LDG (n = 223) or ODG group (n = 223) between March 2014 and August 2017. After screening, a total of 214 patients underwent the open surgical approach, while 216 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. The 3-year DFS rate was 85.9% for the LDG group and 84.72% for the ODG group, with no significant statistical difference (Hazard ratio 1.12; 95% CI 0.68-1.84, P = 0.65). Body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2, advanced pathologic T4, and pathologic N2-3 category were confirmed as independent risk factors for DFS in the Cox regression.
CONCLUSIONS: In comparison to ODG, LDG with D2 lymphadenectomy yielded similar outcomes in terms of 3-year DFS rates among patients diagnosed with AGC.
PURPOSE: To provide a human calcitonin liquid agent which consists of water, human calcitonin and a cellulose derivative and/or an acid and is stable over a long period. CONSTITUTION: This liquid agent contains as effective ingredients, water, human calcitonin in a blending ratio sufficient to provide a 0.5 to 10 mg/ml concn. and a cellulose derivative (such as methylcellulose) in an amount sufficient to provide a 0.1 to 2 wt.% concn. and/or an acid (such as acetic acid) in an amount sufficient to provide a 0.0001 to 0.01 wt.% concn. The objective agent is such a stable aqueous solution that it can be maintained in a state having no human calcitonin fibril at 25 deg.C for at least 24 hr. Also, the agent shows such stability in the absence of any salt or buffering agent, provided that the kind and amount of the acid used are appropriate.  Examples of acids that can appropriately be used as this acid are formic acid, ascorbic acid, hydrochloric acid, succinic acid, L-glutamic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, phenol, etc.
The invention provides a method for obtaining a broadly neutralizing antibody (bNab), including screening memory B cell cultures from a donor PBMC sample for neutralization activity against a plurality of HIV-I species, cloning a memory B cell that exhibits broad neutralization activity; and rescuing a monoclonal antibody from that memory B cell culture. The resultant monoclonal antibodies are characterized by their ability to selectively bind epitopes from the Env proteins in native or monomeric form, as well as to inhibit infection of HIV-I species from a plurality of clades. Compositions containing human monoclonal anti-HIV antibodies used for prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection are provided. Methods for generating such antibodies by immunization using epitopes from conserved regions within the variable loops of gp120 are provided. Immunogens for generating anti-HIV 1 bNAbs are also provided. Furthermore, methods for vaccination using suitable epitopes are provided.
PURPOSE: To investigate the differences in the visibility and size of abdominal wall hernias in computed tomography (CT) with and without Valsalva maneuver.
METHODS: This single-center retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent abdominal CTs with Valsalva maneuver between January 2018 and January 2022. Inclusion criteria was availability of an additional non-Valsalva CT within 6 months. A combined reference standard including clinical and surgical findings was used. Two independent, blinded radiologists measured the hernia sac size and rated hernia visibility on CTs with and without Valsalva. Differences were tested with a Wilcoxon signed rank test and McNemar's test.
RESULTS: The final population included 95 patients (16 women; mean age 46 ± 11.6 years) with 205 hernias. Median hernia sac size on Valsalva CT was 31 mm compared with 24 mm on non-Valsalva CT (p < 0.001). In 73 and 82% of cases, the hernias were better visible on CT with Valsalva as compared to that without. 14 and 17% of hernias were only visible on the Valsalva CT. Hernia visibility on non-Valsalva CT varied according to subtype, with only 0 and 3% of umbilical hernias not being visible compared with 43% of femoral hernias.
CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal wall hernias are larger and better visible on Valsalva CT compared with non-Valsalva CT in a significant proportion of patients and some hernias are only visible on the Valsalva CT. Therefore, this method should be preferred for the evaluation of abdominal wall hernias.
Compositions, kits, packaged articles, methods and uses are described herein for treating a bacterial infection, or a disease associated with a bacterial infection, or a disease caused at least in part by a bacterial infection. The compositions, kits, packaged articles, methods and uses described herein include flopristin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Illustrative bacterial infections, diseases associated with a bacterial infection, diseases caused at least in part by bacterial infection include  Staphylococcus  spp.,  Streptococcus  spp .,   Enterococcus  spp.,  Haemophilus  spp . ,  Moraxella  spp.,  Legionella  spp.,  Chlamydia  spp.,  Mycoplasma  spp.,  Ureaplasma  spp.,  Neisseria  spp . ,  Gardnerella  spp.,  Bacillus  spp., and  Francisella  spp. as well as other bacterial species infections.
Compositions containing populations of nanoparticles that show selective uptake by tissues and other cell types such as lung cells and/or bone marrow cells are described. The nanoparticles show this uptake by virtue of their size and in the absence of a targeting agent on the surface of the nanoparticles,  i.e. , passive targeting. The population of nanoparticles contain poly(lactic acid- co -glycolic acid), have a diameter between about 70 nm and about 220 nm, and at least 90% of the nanoparticles have a diameter between about 110 nm and about 129 nm. The nanoparticles are manufactured using a microfluidic system. The compositions can be used to treat lung- and/or blood-related genetic disorders in  in vivo  gene editing technologies.