anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE:To develop the titled material having no toxicity, and superior in characteristics such as discoloration resistance, strength, size variation and creep, by using a Ga alloy having a specified compsn. as liquid metal, and Au, In, Zn, Cu, Ag and Pd as metal powder. CONSTITUTION:The alloy composed of 1-30% Sn, 1-45% In or Zn and the balance Ga is used as liquid metal of substitute for Hg in conventional Hg amalgam as the titled material. As metal powder used together with said liquid alloy, the metal powder milled finely by atomizing method, and having composed compsn. of 0-35% Au, 0-10% In, 0-5% Zn, 0-25% Cu, 0-70% Ag and the balance Pd is used. The titled material having no amalgam toxicity, and superior in characteristics such as discoloration resistance, tensile strength, size variation and creep is obtd.
It is very common for stroke survivors to have difficulty attending to one side of their body or space (neglect). Stroke survivors with neglect not only demonstrate impairments in attention but they also experience motor impairment. These individuals also have an imbalance in excitation in the brain. This study will examine the preliminary effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS) combined with arm rehabilitation training (repetitive task-specific practice, RTP) for individuals with neglect following stroke. The investigators will examine the effects of the intervention on brain excitability, upper extremity motor impairment, and attentional impairment. This study will also examine assessment of neglect. There are many clinical assessments designed to assess neglect; however, it is unknown whether items from some of the most commonly used assessments are able to effectively measure neglect or whether items from these assessments can be combined. Clinicians rely on clinical assessments to inform treatment and document patient progress. Therefore, it is important that investigators more closely examine these existing assessments.
The present invention relates to a method useful for forming products which are useful in a pharmaceutical context, and products formed by such a method. The invention is a solvent-free method of forming a metastable polymorph of a pharmaceutical active ingredient, the method comprising the steps of: placing an amorphous or crystalline compound into an extruder; providing a source of heat to the extruder to heat the compound to a temperature in the range of from 8 Â°C below the melting point of the compound to 20 Â°C below the melting point of the compound; and extruding the compound from the extruder. This method if preferably achieved using screw extrusion, whereby temperature and shear induce transformational changes. A twin screw extruder is particularly preferred. Products obtainable via this method and apparatus for the method are also claimed. Exemplified polymorphic forms are obtained using artemisinin, chlorpropamide, carbamazepine and piracetam.
Metformin hydrochloride tablets, USP contain the antihyperglycemic agent metformin, which is a biguanide, in the form of monohydrochloride. The chemical name of metformin hydrochloride is N,N-dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide hydrochloride. The structural formula is as shown below:  


Metformin hydrochloride, USP is a white to off-white crystalline compound with a molecular formula of C4H11N5 • HCl and a molecular weight of 165.63. Metformin hydrochloride, USP is freely soluble in water and is practically insoluble in acetone, ether, and chloroform. The pKa of metformin is 12.4. The pH of a 1% aqueous solution of metformin hydrochloride is 6.68.

  


Metformin hydrochloride tablets, USP contain 500 mg, 850 mg, or 1000 mg of metformin hydrochloride USP. Each tablet contains the inactive ingredients povidone and magnesium stearate. In addition, the coating for the 500 mg, 850 mg, and 1000 mg contains hypromellose and polyethylene glycol.
KDD has been a leading manufacturer of food and beverages with added sugar (conventional products). The majority of people with type 2 diabetes consume their food products.
The recent phase 3 trials of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients with incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) demonstrated very promising short-term biochemical responses. However, long-term outcomes, crucial in chronic diseases like PBC, remain uncertain. While real-world data (RWD) support surrogate endpoints, there's a need to validate long-term efficacy especially with combination therapies. Bezafibrate, an off-label option with extensive RWD, demonstrated short-term response, reduced patients' pruritus, and improved long-term outcomes. Therefore, the therapeutic choice between new selective PPAR agonists and old bezafibrate poses a challenge. Undoubtedly further investigations into new PPAR agonists in terms of long-term efficacy are warranted, but prospective, randomized trials in post-approval settings are very unlikely to be successfully conducted, necessitating alternative approaches using RWD rather than traditional trial design. Finally, it will be essential to identify patients who may be intolerant and/or unresponsive to PPAR agonists.
Novel compounds of the general Formula I <FORM:1032876/C2/1> wherein R and R1 independently represent hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or alkoxy, R2 and R3 independently represent hydrogen or alkyl, or R2 and R3 form together with the adjacent nitrogen atom a 1-pyrrolidinyl, piperidino, morpholino, 1-piperazinyl or 4-methyl-1-piperazinyl radical, and n is an integer of from 2 to 5, and acid addition salts thereof, are prepared by reacting a compound of the general Formula II <FORM:1032876/C2/2> wherein X is halogen, with the desired primary or secondary amine of the general Formula III <FORM:1032876/C2/3> or by reacting a compound of the general Formula VI <FORM:1032876/C2/4> wherein p is an integer of from 3 to 5, with an amine of the general Formula III.  Compounds of the general Formula II are prepared by reacting a compound of the general Formula IV <FORM:1032876/C2/5> with an o -halo-alkanoyl halide of the general Formula V <FORM:1032876/C2/6> wherein X represents a chlorine or bromine atom. Compounds of the general Formula IV can be prepared in the following manner: pipecolinic acid alkyl esters are converted, by means of o-nitrobenzyl-halides, to pipecolinic acid o-nitrobenzyl esters, these are converted by reduction of the nitro group into the pipecolinic acid o-aminobenzyl esters, which, in their turn, are converted into 1,2,3,11,12,12a-hexahydro(4H,6H)pyrido[2,1-c][1,4] benzodiazepine-12-ones of the general Formula VII <FORM:1032876/C2/7> by saponification and ring closure.  The reduction of the compounds so obtained with lithium aluminium hydride leads to the desired compounds of the general Formula IV.  In an analogeous reaction series, such as described just above, the 1,2,3,11,12,12a - hexahydro-(4H,6H)pyrido[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine - 6,12-diones of the general Formula VIII <FORM:1032876/C2/8> are obtained starting from pipecolinic acid alkyl esters and o-nitro-benzoylhalides and the reduction of the compounds so obtained with lithium aluminium hydride leads to the starting materials of the general Formula IV.  Compounds of general Formula VI are prepared by reacting the compounds of general Formula IV with a halogenide of an o -alkenoic acid. Pharmaceutical compositions contain as active ingredients a compound of Formula I or a non-toxic acid addition salt thereof with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.  They have analgesic, hypotensive, local anaesthetic, tranquillizing and anti-inflammatory activity.
Background: It is known that cannabis use affects memory and sleep problems independently. However, to date, how memory and sleep problems may interact as a result of cannabis use remains unknown.Objectives: We performed a secondary analysis of existing data to determine whether sleep quality mediates the association between cannabis use and memory and whether sex moderated these effects.Methods: A total of 141 adults with cannabis use disorder (CUD) (83 men) and 87 without CUD (39 men) participated in this study. Outcome measures included self-reported sleep problems from the past 7 days (Marijuana Withdrawal Checklist), learning and memory performance via the short visual object learning task (sVOLT), short visual object learning task delayed (sVOLTd), and verbal memory via the N-back. Bootstrapped mediation and moderated mediation analyses were run to test if sleep quality mediated the association between cannabis use and memory outcomes and whether sex moderated these effects, respectively.Results: Sleep quality mediated the effect of group (i.e. adults with and without CUD) on sVOLT efficiency scores (indirect effect ß = -.08, 95% CI [-0.14, -0.04]) and sVOLTd efficiency scores (indirect effect ß = -.09, 95% CI [-0.14, -0.04]), where greater sleep difficulties was associated with poorer memory performance (decreased efficiency scores). Sex did not moderate these relationships.Conclusion: These initial findings of a mediating role of sleep in the association between CUD and visual learning memory highlight potential critical downstream effects of disrupted sleep in those with CUD and suggest the importance of investigating sleep in CUD.
Patients will be recruited from Mayo Clinic sleep medicine practices who have completed testing and are initiating PAP therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), or central sleep apnea syndrome (CSA). Testing will be performed for clinical reasons on patients referred for evaluation for sleep disordered breathing. Testing is at the clinician's discretion and can be either polysomnography or home sleep apnea tests. Patients meeting inclusion and not meeting exclusion criteria will be offered the opportunity to participate in this study.

Participating patients will be randomized into one of two groups: the Active group or the Usual Care. A member of the study team register each patient to use the MaskFit AR™ mobile application to take facial measurements and generate mask recommendations. The patient will then be provided with a list recommendations and will be invited to use this list to select their mask from their durable medical equipment company. This is the differentiating part of the study, with the recommendation for a mask being decided by the patient's group assignment. The recommendation for masks may or may not be different from the one written on initial prescription. After the initial visit at the study center, all participants will also be contacted for a follow-up call and will also be asked to complete brief online surveys, one after 40 days and one after 90 days following the first visit.
The proposed research project will evaluate a novel behavioral intervention that promotes early adolescent food allergy self-management and adjustment through 1) food allergy education, 2) problem-solving, communication, assertiveness, and anxiety management skill building, and 3) peer support. The Food Allergy Mastery (FAM) program is a 6-session food allergy self-management program that will be delivered to early adolescents with food allergy, a high-risk population that is growing in size, and a primary caregiver by a trained interventionist. The specific aims are: 1) To evaluate the intervention's impact on food allergy knowledge and self-management skills, 2) To determine the intervention's impact on food allergy self-management behavior and psychosocial functioning and healthcare utilization, and as an exploratory aim 3) to determine if early adolescents' race/ethnicity moderates response to treatment, including food allergy knowledge, skills, self-management behavior, psychosocial functioning, and healthcare utilization. The study has the potential to positively impact the health care utilization of youth with food allergy by evaluating a scalable behavioral intervention for adolescents and their caregivers. The intervention will equip youth with food allergy knowledge and self-management skills by bolstering their food allergy-related knowledge and problem-solving, social skills, and social support and attenuating food allergy anxiety. Successful development and implementation of the FAM Program that promotes the attainment of integration of food allergy into daily life has the potential to decrease health care utilization reducing emergency visits and improve food allergy-related quality of life.
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs resulting in alveolar inflammation and fluid or purulent material accumulation. It is the most common infection after cardiac arrest occurring in up to 65% of patients treated with targeted temperature management. Pneumonia may result from aspiration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), or by introduction of oropharyngeal flora into the lungs during airway management. Preventing infection after OHCA may: 1) reduce exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics and subsequent collateral damage, 2) prevent hemodynamic derangements due to local and systemic inflammation, and 3) prevent an association between infection and morbidity and mortality. These benefits must be balanced with the risk for altering bacterial resistomes in the absence clinical infection. Accordingly, further study is warranted to understand the risk-to-benefit ratio of prophylactic antibiotics.
PCT No. PCT/GB94/02793 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 20, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 20, 1996 PCT Filed Dec. 22, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/17172 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 29, 1995A delivery device for delivering an active substance to a patient at a predetermined time after administration comprises a male hydrogel plug engaged in the neck of a female body. An expandable excipient such as a hydrogel powder or a pharmaceutical disintegrant in powder, slug or tablet form is provided beneath the active substance. In contact with an aqueous medium, the excipient absorbs water and swells such as to rapidly expel the active substance and effectively deliver it from the device.
Group 1 (G1; n=15 patients) had conventional dental implants (OsseoSpeed ™ L11 Ø4 mm and L13 Ø4 mm) \[DENTSPLY Implants, Waltham, MA, USA\] placed, preceded by the sinus lift procedure from a lateral window approach with the application of the xenogeneic bone graft Geistlich Bio-Oss® \[Geistlich AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland\]. The lateral window approach sinus lift surgery was performed 6 weeks prior to the implant placement by the same surgeon.
The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of a strength training protocol on the uninjured limb either alone or with the addition of blood flow restriction (BFR) training on the status of the injured limb post shoulder arthroscopy. Patients will be randomized into one of three standardized physical therapy (PT) groups after shoulder arthroscopy: Control group (CON), Strength Training on the uninvolved shoulder (STR), strength training with the BFR on the uninvolved shoulder (BFR). All three patient groups will follow a standardized PT rehab protocol that is usual standard of care on the involved shoulder. The STR and BFR group will follow a typical standard of care rehab protocol to the uninvolved side to investigate the potential effects of cross-education. Isometric strength will be assessed utilizing handheld dynamometry (HHD) at Kerlan-Jobe during their regularly scheduled pre-operative and follow-up visits. Patients age 18 and older undergoing shoulder arthroscopy for rotator cuff repair and/or biceps tenodesis. The study includes 3 visits which are standard of care pre-operative and post-operative visits. The duration of the study will be 14 weeks. 2 weeks to allow for a pre-op baseline strength assessment and 12 weeks post-op for the final assessment during the patients routine follow-up visit. Physical Therapy will be standardized for all three groups in terms of frequency and rehabilitation protocol. The only exercises that will be added will be to the intervention groups on the uninvolved side. Patients will present to physical therapy 2-3 times/week during the duration of the study regardless of their group allocation.
INTRODUCTION: Short stems are a valuable option in young patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) because of their bone stock preserving properties facilitating revision hip arthroplasty. Although the effect of obesity on conventional THA is well studied, data about short stem THA in obese patients are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of obesity on complications, revisions, and outcome after short stem THA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter, observational cohort study included patients undergoing short stem THA with the optimys prosthesis. Follow-up examinations were performed at specific intervals up to 7 years postoperatively. Operation characteristics, general and specific complications, revisions, VAS rest pain, VAS load pain, VAS patient satisfaction, and Harris Hip Score (HHS) were recorded and statistically compared between obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) patients.
RESULTS: Of the 224 patients included with a mean follow-up of 87.2 months (range 81.9-104.0), 69 were assigned to the OB group and 155 to the non-OB group. A minimally invasive approach was significantly less often selected in obese patients (p = 0.049), whereas operating time and length of hospital stay were not significantly different. The rate of general and specific complications did not significantly differ between both groups. Survival of the optimys prosthesis was 99.1% at 7-year follow-up and one patient per group had to undergo revision surgery. VAS rest pain, load pain, and satisfaction improved from preoperatively to postoperatively in both groups without a significant difference between both groups. While the HHS was improved from preoperatively to postoperatively, obese patients showed a significantly lower HHS at the 7-year follow-up (p = 0.01) but still exhibited an excellent scoring above the PASS threshold.
CONCLUSION: Short stem THA with the optimys prosthesis is a safe and effective option also in obese patients with an excellent clinical outcome and a low complication rate.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: In individuals highly exposed to HCV, reinfection is common, suggesting that natural development of sterilising immunity is difficult. In those that are reinfected, some will develop a persistent infection, while a small proportion repeatedly clear the virus, suggesting natural protection is possible. The aim of this study was to characterise immune responses associated with rapid natural clearance of HCV reinfection.
METHODS: Broad neutralising antibodies (nAbs) and Envelope 2 (E2)-specific memory B cell (MBC) responses were examined longitudinally in 15 individuals with varied reinfection outcomes.
RESULTS: Broad nAb responses were associated with MBC recall, but not with clearance of reinfection. Strong evidence of antigen imprinting was found, and the B-cell receptor repertoire showed a high level of clonality with ongoing somatic hypermutation of many clones over subsequent reinfection events. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses showed that cleared reinfections featured an activated transcriptomic profile in HCV-specific B cells that rapidly expanded upon reinfection.
CONCLUSIONS: MBC quality, but not necessarily breadth of nAb responses, is important for protection against antigenically diverse variants, which is encouraging for HCV vaccine development.
IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: HCV continues to have a major health burden globally. Limitations in the health infrastructure for diagnosis and treatment, as well as high rates of reinfection, indicate that a vaccine that can protect against chronic HCV infection will greatly complement current efforts to eliminate HCV-related disease. With alternative approaches to testing vaccines, such as controlled human inoculation trials under consideration, we desperately need to identify the correlates of immune protection. In this study, in a small but rare cohort of high-risk injecting drug users who were reinfected multiple times, breadth of neutralisation was not associated with ultimate clearance of the reinfection event. Alternatively, characteristics of the HCV-specific B-cell response associated with B-cell proliferation were. This study indicates that humoral responses are important for protection and suggests that for genetically very diverse viruses, such as HCV, it may be beneficial to look beyond just antibodies as correlates of protection.
The present invention discloses a gastric medicine and a preparation method thereof. The gastric medicine comprises vitamins U, furazolidone, licorice root, aluminum hydroxide, dried orange peel, vitamins B, belladonna liquid extract, bismuth nitrate oxide, dry yeasts, magnesium trisilicate, common vladimiria root, rhubarb, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesia, grassleaf sweetflag rhizome, etc. The medicine can have the efficacy of promoting appetite, promoting digestion, promoting the improvement of gastrointestinal digestion functions, and further regulating the metabolism functions of human bodies. In particular, the medicine has particularly unique therapeutic effect on various gastrointestinal diseases, such as stomachache, gastric acid, stomach distention, stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers, chronic gastritis, antral gastritis, gastrointestinal neurosis, gastrospasm, etc. The medicine can achieve the purpose of radical treatment, and also has optimal therapeutic effect on stomach cancer. The medicine is a powder granule or a tablet, and can be directly taken with boiled water or be taken by oral administration. The medicine has the advantages of simple and convenient administration and mild medicine properties without toxic or side effect. Patients do not need to quit eating any food, such as sour food, hot food, cold food, cigarettes, wine, etc. during the medicine administration.
We have recently performed studies to determine whether the critical metabolic actions of epinephrine are blunted in Type 1 DM. These studies have obvious clinical relevance because strategies aimed at increasing circulating levels of epinephrine will not be effective if the metabolic counterregulatory mechanisms (increased endogenous glucose production (EGP), increased lipolysis and reduced glucose uptake) of the hormone are also blunted. Epinephrine was infused to reach circulating levels of \~ 1000 pg/ml (This level of epinephrine is equivalent to values of the hormone observed during hypoglycemia of 50 mg/dl in healthy males and T1DM men with average glucose control) in groups of either intensively treated (HBA1C \< 7.0%), conventionally treated (HBA1C \> 9.0%) type 1 DM and age, weight matched healthy controls. In the intensively treated DM group, epinephrine's actions to increase EGP, lipolysis and to restrain glucose uptake were significantly reduced (\<60%). The mechanism for our finding needs to be determined. Our hypothesis is that antecedent exercise can cause repetitive activations of Autonomic-adrenomedullary responses that lead to downregulation of β-adrenoreceptor mechanisms. Therefore, the combination of blunted epinephrine effects, increased insulin action and reduced levels of the catecholamine might fully explain the vexing clinical question of post exercise hypoglycemia in Type 1 DM. In this application, we will test the hypothesis that antecedent exercise will blunt the metabolic, neuroendocrine and cardiovascular effects of subsequent epinephrine infusion in Type 1 DM.