anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Objective: To assess whether a virtual reality simulator might facilitate learning and improve adherence to current clinical guidelines. Methodology: A double-masked randomised trial will be held among students at the School of Medicine of the Universidad Andres Bello. Participants will be randomised to receive training using a clinical virtual simulator (Body Interact®, Body Interact Inc, Austin, TX) designed to review key concepts in Cardiology. Students allocated to the control group will receive a small-group discussion lasting up to 60 minutes in which key topics regarding the same clinical condition will be reviewed as well. Main outcomes include the overall performance in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) that will be reviewed by an expert panel prior to its implementation and adherence to specific recommendations in current national guidelines. This OSCE will be held 15 days after the educational session has taken place. Analyses will be undertaken under the intention to treat principle and missing data will be handled using multiple imputation techniques.
BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend urgent chest X-ray for newly presenting dyspnoea or haemoptysis but there is little evidence about their implementation.
METHODS: We analysed linked primary care and hospital imaging data for patients aged 30+ years newly presenting with dyspnoea or haemoptysis in primary care during April 2012 to March 2017. We examined guideline-concordant management, defined as General Practitioner-ordered chest X-ray/CT carried out within 2 weeks of symptomatic presentation, and variation by sociodemographic characteristic and relevant medical history using logistic regression. Additionally, among patients diagnosed with cancer we described time to diagnosis, diagnostic route and stage at diagnosis by guideline-concordant status.
RESULTS: In total, 22 560/162 161 (13.9%) patients with dyspnoea and 4022/8120 (49.5%) patients with haemoptysis received guideline-concordant imaging within the recommended 2-week period. Patients with recent chest imaging pre-presentation were much less likely to receive imaging (adjusted OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.14-0.18 for dyspnoea, and adjusted OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.06-0.11 for haemoptysis). History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma was also associated with lower odds of guideline concordance (dyspnoea: OR 0.234, 95% CI 0.225-0.242 and haemoptysis: 0.88, 0.79-0.97). Guideline-concordant imaging was lower among dyspnoea presenters with prior heart failure; current or ex-smokers; and those in more socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.The likelihood of lung cancer diagnosis within 12 months was greater among the guideline-concordant imaging group (dyspnoea: 1.1% vs 0.6%; haemoptysis: 3.5% vs 2.7%).
CONCLUSION: The likelihood of receiving urgent imaging concords with the risk of subsequent cancer diagnosis. Nevertheless, large proportions of dyspnoea and haemoptysis presenters do not receive prompt chest imaging despite being eligible, indicating opportunities for earlier lung cancer diagnosis.
Abundant investigations have shown that hypobaric hypoxia (HH) causes cognitive impairment, mostly attributed to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. HPN (4'-hydroxyl-2-subsitiuted phenylnitronyl nitroxide) is an excellent free radical scavenger with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. Our previous study has found that HPN exhibited neuroprotective effect on HH induced brain injury. In the present study, we examined the protective effect and potential mechanism of HPN on HH-induced cognitive impairment. Male mice were exposed to HH at 8000 m for 3 days with and without HPN treatment. Cognitive performance was assessed by the eight-arm radical maze. The histological changes were assayed by Nissle staining. The hippocampus cell apoptosis was detected by Tunnel staining. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were detected. The expression of oxidative stress, inflammation-related and apoptosis-related proteins was determined by western blot. HPN administration significantly and mitigated HH induced histological damages and spatial memory loss with the evidence of decreased working memory error (WME), reference memory error (RME), total errors (TE) and total time (TT). In addition, HPN treatment significantly decreased the content of H2O2 and MDA, increased the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and GSH, and inhibited the synthesis of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Moreover, HPN administration could down-regulate the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 and up-regulate the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and Bcl-2. The number of apoptotic cells was also significantly decreased in the hippocampus of mice in the HPN group. There results indicate that HPN improve HH-induced cognitive impairment by alleviating oxidative stress damage, suppressing inflammatory response and apoptosis and may be a powerful candidate compound for alleviating memory loss induced by HH.
Approximately 60% of individuals with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) reported increased pain intensity from midlevel to severe. This was seen at the end of the intervention or work related activities in the quarter of individuals. Therefore, the correct diagnosis of TMD is very important to reduce the economic cost. Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) is an easy and understandable questionnaire. This questionnaire consists of 10 questions that provide a versatile evaluation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the head and neck, whether there is pain during chewing, the presence of parafunctional habits, range of motion, joint sounds, malocclusion, and emotional stresses. The participants give one of the answers to the questions "Yes = 10 points, Sometimes = 5 points, No = 0 points". As a result of the total of the points, the participants are evaluated as "TMD-None = 0-15 points, Mild-TMD = 20-40 points, Moderate TMD = 45-60 points, Severe-TMD = 100 points". The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of FAI. The study of validity and reliability is planned with 50 individuals with TMD. The sociodemographic characteristics of the individuals will be questioned by the investigators and then the patients will be evaluated with FAI, Craniofacial Pain and Disability Inventory (CF-PDI), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS) (Turkish version) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The test-retest will be re-administered by face-to-face interview technique after 1 week. The results will be analyzed using the SPSS version 22.0 computer package program.
OBJECTIVES: Maternal mortality and morbidity disproportionately affect birthing people from racialized populations. Unfortunately, researchers can often compound these poor outcomes through a lack of authentic community engagement in research beyond the role of the research subject, leading to ineffective strategies for improving care and increasing equity. This article details the real-life strategies utilized to develop a community-engaged research project of a phased federally funded grant employing community engagement principles of co-leadership and co-creation. It also includes reflections from the researchers and advisory board on promising practices and lessons learned for equitably engaging patients and community partners in research.
METHODS: This article details the application of principles of community-engaged research in a federally funded phased research project focused on understanding disparities in maternal sepsis to develop better clinical and community interventions. Specifically, it discusses early steps in the research partnership to create a sustainable partnership with a Community Leadership Board guided by the principles of transparency, respect, compensation, and increasing research justice.
RESULTS: Based on the authors' experience, recommendations are provided for funders, researchers, and institutions to improve the quality and outcomes of communityengaged research. This work adds to community-based participatory and community-engaged research literature by providing concrete and practical steps for equitably engaging in research partnerships with a variety of collaborators.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, integrated patient and community co-leadership enhances research by providing insight, access to communities for education and dissemination of information, and identifying critical areas needing change. This report may help others address fundamental principles in this journey.
The invention relates to a pygmy water lily and watermelon extract skin lotion. The active ingredients in a formula are essential oil extracted from pygmy water lily petals, a watermelon peel extract, an extract of receptacles of flowers of silktree albizzia, apricot kernel oil, a spirulina extract, natural citric acid, and the like. The pygmy water lily and watermelon extract skin lotion is prepared by compounding the active ingredients through special processes. The pygmy water lily and watermelon extract skin lotion belongs to the technical field of cosmetic making. The pygmy water lily and watermelon extract skin lotion is mainly used for daily skin care to brighten the skin, whiten the skin and remove freckles and can be used for deeply moisturizing the cells and repairing the damaged skin. The pygmy water lily and watermelon extract skin lotion has the advantages that (1) the pygmy water lily and watermelon extract skin lotion has excellent whitening and freckle removing effects by using the watermelon peel extract as a main whitening and freckle removing ingredient; (2) the pygmy water lily and watermelon extract skin lotion achieves the functions of brightening the skin, calming and whitening the skin, removing freckles and preventing skin allergy while moisturizing; (3) various plant essences have synergistic effects, so that the effects of various ingredients are maximized; (4) emulsifying agents are not added, so that the product is in a condition of water-oil separation and is mixed uniformly before use; (5) the pygmy water lily and watermelon extract skin lotion is suitable for the crowd with various skins to use, is convenient to carry, has high cost performance and is environment-friendly.
The present invention relates to the field of concentration detection technology for American ginseng, specifically a high-precision American ginseng concentration detection device and detection process, comprising an immersion tank. The side wall of the immersion tank is connected with a liquid filling port, and a detection device is set on the outer wall of the immersion tank. Both sides of the immersion tank are fixedly connected with installation brackets. By setting the cleaning disk and screening disk, before cutting off American ginseng, the cleaning disk will first scrape and jet clean the surface of American ginseng with multiple cleaning brushes and jet pipes inside the cleaning disk to avoid incomplete cleaning of American ginseng and affecting the subsequent concentration detection results. After cleaning, American ginseng will be sliced by the cutting blade and vibrating and screened by the screening disk. For smaller ones, Root whisker slicing for removal, compared to traditional manual root whisker removal, The screening and removal of cleaning and screening plates is faster and more convenient, and the removal of roots is more thorough.
A pharmaceutical composition having analgesic and/or anti-tussive effect comprises either (i) a sulphonic acid cation exchange resin having narcotine (noscapine) or pholcodine ionically adsorbed thereon, or (ii) a mixture of a sulphonic acid cation exchange resin having morphine, codeine, dihydrocodeine, pholcodine or narcotine ionically adsorbed thereon and a separate sulphonic acid cation exchange resin having ionically adsorbed thereon a dialkylaminoethoxy antihistamine, e.g. phenyltoloxamine or benadryl.  The preferred resin is a sulphonated polymer of a monovinyl aryl compound (e.g. polystyrene) cross-linked with divinyl benzene.  Specifications 577,707 and 824,337 are referred to.ALSO:A pharmaceutical composition having analgesic and/or anti-tussive effect comprises either (i) a sulphonic acid cation exchange resin having narcotine or pholcodine ionically adsorbed thereon, or (ii) a mixture of a sulphonic acid cation exchange resin having morphine, codeine, dihydrocodeine, pholcodine or narcotine ionically adsorbed thereon and a separate sulphonic acid cation exchange resin having ionically adsorbed thereon a dialkylaminoethoxy antihistamine, e.g. phenyltoloxamine or benadryl.  The composition may be given in capsules, pills, tablets, as powder, syrup, elixir or emulsion.  Specifications 577,707 and 824,337 are referred to.
PURPOSE: A method of extracting Bambusae Calulis in Taeniam by removing the outer skin of Phyllostachys nigra, scraping the inner skin thereof and then extracting the scraped Phyllostachys nigra in a solvent is provided. Therefore, it permits the mass production of highly concentrated extracts of Bambusae Calulis in Taeniam by an automatic process. The extract is useful as medicine, cosmetics, functional foods or special nutritious foods. CONSTITUTION: The outer skin of Phyllostachys nigra is removed from the body, the body part thereof is scraped to give Bambusae Calulis in Taeniam as an inner skin of Phyllostachys nigra. Thereafter, the obtained Bambusae Calulis in Taeniam is soaked for 8 to 16hr in a solvent at room temperature and extracted for 8 to 16hr at 50 to 7deg.C with the solvent after taking out therefrom. The solvent is a mixture of C1-4 lower alcohol and water in a ratio of 3:1 to 4:1.
Mechanism of Action

Benznidazole inhibits the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins within the T. cruzi parasite. Studies suggest that benznidazole is reduced by a Type I nitroreductase (NTR) enzyme of T. cruzi producing a series of short-lived intermediates that may promote damage to several macromolecules including DNA. In mammalian cells, however, benznidazole is metabolized by reduction of the nitro group to an amino group by a Type II NTR enzyme. The precise mechanism of action is not known. 

Antimicrobial Activity

Benznidazole is active against all three stages, trypomastigotes, amastigotes, and epimastigotes, of T. cruzi. However, the sensitivity of T. cruzi strains to benznidazole, from different geographic regions, may vary. 

Resistance 

Studies in vitro and in mice infected with T. cruzi suggest a potential for development of resistance to benznidazole. 

The mechanisms of drug resistance appear to be multifactorial. These mechanisms include decreased activity due to a mutation in the nitroreductase ( TcNTR) gene. Other mechanisms include higher efflux activity due to over expression of TcPGP 1 and TcPGP 2 genes that encode p-glycoprotein as well as TcABCG1 genes that encode ATP-binding cassette transporters. Also, some studies reported overexpression of other genes TcFeSOD-A and TcCyP19 that encode superoxide dismutase and cyclophilin, respectively, which have diverse biological function and may help parasite survival. However, the clinical relevance of these findings is not known.
CAP-1002 is an investigational product consisting of allogeneic cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs). All subjects assigned to the active treatment arm will receive an intended total dose of 75 million (M) CAP-1002 cells infused as 25M cells into each of the three left ventricle cardiac territories (anterior, lateral, inferior/posterior). If any of the three coronary arteries are deemed by the infusing Investigator to supply less than 30% of the left ventricular myocardium, the infusing Investigator may choose to infuse only 12.5M cells into that coronary artery or arteries. Therefore the full dose of CAP-1002 delivered may range from 50M cells to 75M cells provided that all three arteries are infused.
The material used will be a diode laser of 100 mW, with a wavelength of 658 nm. Application will be made after each radiotherapy session in an adapted room (low light intensity, possibility of ENT examination) on all grade superior or equal to 2 stomatitis injuries. The energetic dose delivered will be 4 J/cm2. The duration of the treatment for one will be determined by an abacus.
BACKGROUND: Cervical cerclage is the only effective treatment for cervical insufficiency, effectively preventing late miscarriage and preterm birth. The effectiveness and safety of emergency cervical cerclage (ECC) as an emergency treatment when the cervix is already dilated or when there is protrusion of the fetal membranes into the vagina remain controversial, especially in pregnancies at 24-28 weeks when the fetus is viable. There is still no consensus on whether emergency cervical cerclage should be performed in such cases.
PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of emergency cervical cerclage in singleton pregnant women at 24-28 weeks of gestation.
METHODS: This study employed a single-center prospective cohort design, enrolling singleton pregnant women at 24-28 weeks of gestation with ultrasound or physical examination indicating cervical dilation or even membrane protrusion. Emergency cervical cerclage was compared with conservative treatment. The primary endpoints included a comprehensive assessment of perinatal pregnancy loss, significant neonatal morbidity, and adverse neonatal outcomes. Secondary endpoints included prolonged gestational age, preterm birth, neonatal hospitalization rate, premature rupture of membranes, and intrauterine infection/chorioamnionitis.
RESULTS: From June 2021 to March 2023, a total of 133 pregnant women participated in this study, with 125 completing the trial, and were allocated to either the Emergency Cervical Cerclage (ECC) group (72 cases) or the conservative treatment group (53 cases) based on informed consent from the pregnant women. The rate of adverse neonatal outcomes was 8.33% in the ECC group and 26.42% in the conservative treatment (CT) group, with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.06). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of perinatal pregnancy loss and significant neonatal morbidity. The conservative treatment group had a mean prolonged gestational age of 63.0 (23.0, 79.5) days, while the ECC group had 84.0 (72.5, 89.0) days, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). Compared with CT group, the ECC group showed a significantly reduced incidence of preterm birth before 28 weeks, 32 weeks, and 34 weeks, with statistical significance (P = 0.046, 0.007, 0.001), as well as a significantly decreased neonatal hospitalization rate (P = 0.013, 0.031). Additionally, ECC treatment did not increase the risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes or intrauterine infection/chorioamnionitis, with no statistically significant differences (P = 0.406, 0.397).
CONCLUSION: In singleton pregnant women with cervical insufficiency at 24-28 weeks of gestation, emergency cervical cerclage can reduce adverse neonatal pregnancy outcomes, effectively prolong gestational age, decrease preterm births before 28 weeks, 32 weeks, and 34 weeks, lower neonatal hospitalization rates, and does not increase the risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes or intrauterine infection/chorioamnionitis.
Behavioral speech tasks have been widely used to understand the mechanisms of speech motor control in typical speakers as well as in various clinical populations. However, determining which neural functions differ between typical speakers and clinical populations based on behavioral data alone is difficult because multiple mechanisms may lead to the same behavioral differences. For example, individuals with cerebellar ataxia (CA) produce atypically large compensatory responses to pitch perturbations in their auditory feedback, compared to typical speakers, but this pattern could have many explanations. Here, computational modeling techniques were used to address this challenge. Bayesian inference was used to fit a state feedback control (SFC) model of voice fundamental frequency (fo) control to the behavioral pitch perturbation responses of speakers with CA and typical speakers. This fitting process resulted in estimates of posterior likelihood distributions for five model parameters (sensory feedback delays, absolute and relative levels of auditory and somatosensory feedback noise, and controller gain), which were compared between the two groups. Results suggest that the speakers with CA may proportionally weight auditory and somatosensory feedback differently from typical speakers. Specifically, the CA group showed a greater relative sensitivity to auditory feedback than the control group. There were also large group differences in the controller gain parameter, suggesting increased motor output responses to target errors in the CA group. These modeling results generate hypotheses about how CA may affect the speech motor system, which could help guide future empirical investigations in CA. This study also demonstrates the overall proof-of-principle of using this Bayesian inference approach to understand behavioral speech data in terms of interpretable parameters of speech motor control models.
BMI1 polycomb ring finger proto-oncogene (BMI1) is involved in the pathogenesis of different cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the role of the circular RNA of BMI1 (circBMI1) has not been studied. Our study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of circBMI1 in AML. circBMI1 was significantly decreased in bone marrow mononuclear cells aspirated from patients with AML. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that circBMI1 could distinguish patients with AML from controls. By overexpressing and knocking down circBMI1 in HL-60 cells, we found that circBMI1 inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and increased chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity in AML. Experiments using severe combined immune-deficient mice and circBMI1 transgenic mice showed that mice with circBMI1 overexpression had lower white blood cell counts, which suggested less severe AML invasion. RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed binding sites among circBMI1, miR-338-5p, and inhibitor of DNA-binding protein 4 (ID4). Rescue experiments proved that circBMI1 inhibited AML progression by binding to miR-338-5p, which affected the expression of ID4. By coculturing exosomes extracted from circBMI1-HL-60 and small interfering circBMI1-HL-60 cells with HL-60 cells, we found that exosomes from circBMI1-HL-60 cells showed tumor-suppressive effects, namely inhibiting HL-60 proliferation, promoting apoptosis, and increasing chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. Exosomes from small interfering circBMI1-HL-60 cells showed the opposite effects. circBMI1 may act as an exosome-dependent tumor inhibitor. circBMI1, a potential biomarker for clinical diagnosis, acts as a tumor suppressor in AML by regulating miR-338-5p/ID4 and might affect the pathogenesis of AML by exosome secretion.
A method for extracting active ingredients from echinacea plants includes using an ultrasonic extraction device to extract a mixture. The mixture includes echinacea plant and extractant. The ultrasonic extraction device includes an ultrasonic generator and a working rod connected with the ultrasonic generator. The ultrasonic generator includes an oscillator capable of generating an ultrasonic frequency of 28 kHz. The working rod includes a luffing section spaced apart from the ultrasonic generator and having two opposite ends, a connecting section connecting the ultrasonic generator and one end of the luffing section, and a working section connected to the other end of the luffing section opposite to the connecting section. The luffing section has a diameter of 4.7 ± 0.5 cm and a length of 9.8 ± 0.5 cm, the connecting section has a diameter of 2.8 ± 0.5 cm and a length of 4.3 ± 0.5 cm, and the working section has a diameter of 2.9 ± 0.5 cm and a length of 9.7 ± 0.5 cm.
A first dose of 24 capsules of FMT at baseline and a second dose of 24 capsules of FMT at 3 months. Each dose (24 capsules) contains approximately 50g of stool.