anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In recent years, significant advancements in radiofrequency ablation technology have notably enhanced arrhythmia treatment in cardiology. Technological advancements and increasing clinical adoption have made radiofrequency ablation a key therapy in improving life quality for patients with conditions like atrial fibrillation (AF). Consequently, there has been a marked increase in research output, underscoring the technology's significance and its potential in cardiology. Aims to comprehensively analyze cardiology's radiofrequency ablation research trends, identifying leading countries and institutions in international collaborations, key researchers' contributions, and evolving research hotspots. The study, based on the Web of Science Core Collection database, reviewed the literatures from 2004 to 2023. CiteSpace 6.2.R7 Basic was used for bibliometric analysis, which examined annual publication trends, international collaboration networks, key authors, leading research institutions, major journals, keyword co-occurrence and clustering trends. Analyzing 3423 relevant articles, this study reveals a consistent growth in cardiology radiofrequency ablation research since 2004. The analysis shows that the United States, Germany, and France hold central roles in the international collaboration network, with leading authors from premier US and European institutions. Keyword cluster analysis identifies "atrial flutter" and "ventricular tachycardia" as current research focal points. Cardiology radiofrequency ablation research shows a growth trend, led by the United States and European countries. Research hotspots are concentrated on the diverse applications of radiofrequency ablation technology and the treatment of AF. Future studies may increasingly focus on technological innovation and the deepening of clinical applications.
Screening colonoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in the early detection of precancerous colonic lesions, preventing the progression of these lesions to cancer. Population-based and case control studies found a 50% reduction in colo-rectal cancer (CRC) incidence and up to a one-third reduction in mortality from CRC after screening colonoscopy. The effectiveness of colonoscopy in preventing colon cancer is dependent on the adenoma detection rate (ADR) during the procedure. Studies have demonstrated that withdrawal times of 6 minutes or more had higher rates of detection of any neoplasia. In 2006 joint task force of the American College of Gastroenterology and American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy changed the recommendation to indicate that average withdrawal time should exceed 6 minutes in normal colonoscopies in which no polypectomies or biopsies were performed. Based on this recommendation, the 6-minute benchmark is the current standard of care. Longer mean withdrawal times are associated with increasing adenoma detection, mainly of small or right-sided adenomas and proximal serrated adenomas, presumably due to longer inspection of the right colon. However, it also have been showed withdrawal time using 6 minutes as the threshold is not a strong predictor of the likelihood of finding a polyp during colonoscopy and should not be used as a quality indicator. New CRC diagnosis within 3 years of negative screening colonoscopy can be as high as 6%. Right-sided lesions, flat polyps, and variability in endoscopist quality measures are all potential reasons why interval cancers develop. A recent observational study was published showing increase in ADR after implementation of a protocol of careful inspection during a minimum of 8 minutes was established. The investigators hypothesized that if colonoscopists would spend at least half of the time of the withdrawal time in the right side of the colon (referred as segmented protocol), ADR can increase mainly due to the detection of lesions in the right side, which could have been missed otherwise. The investigators are conducting a single center randomized trial investigating the utility of timed segmental withdrawal of at least 3 minutes each in both right and left side of the colon respectively, compared to the regular 6 minutes total withdrawal time regardless of where the time was spent in the colon.
A method for proving the potency and atoxicity of modified neurotoxin is provided. A thin sheet of viable cells is provided on a growth substrate. Viability of the sheet of cells is defined as exhibiting an uninhibited growth potential of at least 10 6  Plaque Forming Units of Semliki Forest virus. The sheet of cells is treated with the test modified neurotoxin and then inoculated with the Semliki Forest virus. The reduction in the number of plaques of Semliki Forest virus in the culture indicates the potency of the modified neurotoxin, since the modified neurotoxin interferes with plaque formation by the Semliki Forest virus in proportion to its potency. Atoxicity of the modified neurotoxin is demonstrated by lack of cell destruction.
In one aspect, the present invention provides kits for reducing absorption of lipids by the gastrointestinal tract of a mammalian body. The kits include chitosan, packaging, and instructions indicating that the chitosan may be consumed with food. Chitosan useful for incorporation into kits of the present invention dissolves sufficiently rapidly in gastric juice that it does not have to be consumed in advance of a meal in order to dissolve within the stomach and thereafter effectively entrap lipids in the gastrointestinal tract of the consumer. In a particular embodiment of the kits of the present invention, the chitosan possesses the property of dissolving in a 100-fold (w/w) excess of 0.16N hydrochloric acid, at a temperature in the range of from 16 °C to 25 °C, so that the maximum viscosity of the dissolved chitosan solution is reached within 5 minutes after the acid contacts the chitosan. It is desirable to utilize chitosan having a high tap density and/or high bulk density in the kits of the present invention. In another aspect, the present invention provides methods for reducing absorption of lipids by the gastrointestinal tract of a mammalian body. The methods include the step of providing a consumer with a kit including chitosan, packaging, and instructions indicating that the chitosan may be consumed with food. The kits of the present invention are useful in the practice of the methods of the present invention. By utilizing the kits and/or methods for lipid absorption reduction of the present invention a consumer does not have to remember to consume lipid-absorbing chitosan in advance of food consumption.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a poor prognosis. Each year, approximately 880,000 patients are newly diagnosed with HNSCC worldwide, and 450,000 patients with HNSCC die. Risk factors for developing HNSCC have been identified, with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and viral infections being the major factors. Owing to the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection, the number of HNSCC cases is increasing considerably. Surgery and chemoradiotherapy are the primary treatments for HNSCC. With advancements in tumor biology, patients are eligible for novel treatment modalities, namely targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and photoimmunotherapy. Because this area of research has rapidly progressed, clinicians should understand the basic biology of HNSCC to choose an appropriate therapy in the upcoming era of personalized medicine. This review summarized recent developments in tumor biology, focusing on epidemiology, genetic/epigenetic factors, the tumor microenvironment, microbiota, immunity, and photoimmunotherapy in HNSCC, as well as how these findings can be translated into clinical settings.
56 female patients were randomly divided into two groups, Group A: Patients received applications of low-level laser therapy using semiconductor InGaAsp diode LASER type 940 nm with continuous mode of operation, with time of application 180 sec per session for 12 sessions. Group B: Patients received hard occlusal splints (Michigan splints) of 2 mm thickness constructed on their upper teeth, the hard occlusal splint was 3D digitally printed. ARCUS digma facebow was used to evaluate the range of mandibular movements affected from TMJ problems. The opening measurements of the patient were taken using a millimeter ruler. Electromyogram (EMG) was used to evaluate muscle activity. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the pain intensity. All was done before the beginning of the treatment at three and six months follow up period.
ABSTRACT A composition comprising a dispersion of a bioadhesive containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone and a carboxy-functional polymer, and water is disclosed.  The pH of the composi-tion is controlled, preferably to about 6.0 or less, so that the bioadhesive is in a water-insoluble form.  The bioadhesive is capable of binding water and other suitable ingredients, such as cosmetic or medicinal agents, to a mucosal membrane or the skin.   If it is desirable to remove the composition, it may be washed away with ordi-nary tap water.  Upon contact with tap water, the bioad-hesive  becomes  water-soluble  and  loses  its  adhesive characteristics.  A method of adhering the composition to the surface of a mucosal membrane or the skin is also dis-closed.
This group will be those who experience a BG \> 250 mg/dl in the 24-48 hour time period preceding hospital discharge. Study procedures are identical for each group. All participants in this group will be asked to complete the Diabetes Management Questionnaire.
BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication following orthopedic shoulder surgery; however, research is limited involving the break-even cost-effectiveness of VTE prophylaxis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the cost of aspirin and enoxaparin would break even for VTE prevention in patients following shoulder surgery.
METHODS: A drug retail database was used to obtain the lowest price for a course of aspirin (81 mg) and enoxaparin (40 mg) to perform a break-even cost analysis. Our institutional purchasing records were then searched to estimate the cost of treating a symptomatic VTE. The TriNetX national database was queried to establish a rate of VTE after shoulder surgery. A break-even cost analysis was performed by determining the absolute risk reduction (ARR). This value was used to calculate the number of patients who are treated to prevent a single VTE while breaking even on cost. Sensitivity analyses were performed for drugs that did not break even at the database-derived VTE rates.
RESULTS: Full medication courses of aspirin and enoxaparin were found to cost $1.18 and $125.37, respectively. The cost of treating a symptomatic VTE was determined to be $9407.00. Data from the TriNetX database showed rates of symptomatic VTE following shoulder arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair of 1.60%, 1.50%, and 0.68%, respectively. Aspirin broke even on cost for all procedures if the initial rate decreased by an ARR of 0.01% (number needed to treat, 7972). Similarly, enoxaparin broke even for shoulder arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty if the initial rate of VTE decreased by an ARR of 1.33% (number needed to treat, 75). Enoxaparin did not break even at the initial VTE rate for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair; however, sensitivity analysis found enoxaparin would break even if the drug could be obtained at a cost of ≤$60.00. Enoxaparin broke even if the cost of treating a symptomatic VTE was ≥$20,000.00.
CONCLUSIONS: The cost of a 3-week course of twice-daily aspirin or once-daily enoxaparin breaks even for VTE prophylaxis following shoulder arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty if these drugs reduce the VTE rate by a calculated ARR. Given the lower rate of VTE observed for patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, only the 3-week course of aspirin broke even under these conditions. Once-daily enoxaparin did not break even at current market rate. Further research is needed to help determine optimal VTE prophylaxis after shoulder surgery.
Patients if randomized to this group will receive a standard ultrasound guided peripheral IV. The IV is 4.88cm in length.
The present invention relates to an immunity enhancing composition including an extract of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak as an active ingredient. According to the present invention, the extract derived from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak can restore the number of lymphocytes, spleen cells, and bone marrow cells known as the peripheral immuno-organs and hematopoietic organs in the blood in a model of immunoregulatory degradation due to radiation as well as reproduction ability thereof, thereby being used as an ingredient for dietary supplement and feed products helping the enhancement of the immunity system. The extract of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak has excellent immunity enhancement and immunity restoration performance. The dietary supplement and feed products including the extract can accordingly be effective in restoring the number of lymphocytes, spleen cells, and bone marrow cells known as the peripheral immuno-organs and hematopoietic organs in the blood as well as the reproduction ability thereof. More specifically, the survival rate of cells reduced in a radiation treatment significantly increases in a concentration-dependent manner when the extract of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak is used to treat the spleen cells undergone the radiation treatment at each concentration rate. When 300 g/ml of the extract of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak is cultured and used to treat the spleen cells of a mouse, the survival rate of the spleen cells being peripheral immune cells is increased up to 118.6%. The extract of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak is derived from natural substances and is safely used without side effects and toxicity.
Longitudinal studies assessing the association of vitamin D deficiency, defined by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels < 30 nmol/L, and vitamin D supplement (VDS) use with low back pain (LBP) are sparse. This investigation assessed the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of vitamin D status and VDS use with LBP among 135,934 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. Approximately 21.6% of the participants had vitamin D deficiency, while only 4% regularly took VDS. In the month before study enrollment, 3.8% of the population reported experiencing LBP. An additional 3.3% of the population were diagnosed with LBP by their general practitioners for the first time during a median follow-up of 8.5 years. Vitamin D deficiency and VDS use were cross-sectionally associated with LBP in age- and sex-adjusted models, but these associations were not evident in comprehensively adjusted models. In longitudinal analyses, both vitamin D deficiency and VDS use were not associated with LBP in any model after correction for multiple testing. In conclusion, not unexpectedly due to the fact that LBP is multifactorial, our findings provide no evidence for the role of the vitamin D status in the etiology of LBP.
The present invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine prescription for treating urinary tract infection, which is composed of common sage herb, plantain herb, snow of june herb and Herba Violae which are made into granules. The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art for controlling infection mainly by antibiotics for treating urinary tract infection, for example, adverse reactions and toxicity are caused, the therapeutic effects are unideal, the relapse rate and the recurrence rate of conversion into chronic renal failure are proportionally high without descending, and the therapy which is single needs to be combined with urination promotion, organism immunity enhancement, etc. for combined administration and causes the increase of medical expenses and medicine interaction. A traditional Chinese medicine preparation has the disadvantages of multiple constituents, complicated components and unideal effects. The present invention has the synergistic action and efficacy of heat clearing, detoxication, urination promotion, edema reduction, blood cooling for hemostasis, wind expelling, exterior syndrome relieving, fever reduction, blood circulation promotion, tendon relaxation, collateral activation, and blood cooling for edema reduction. The present invention for treating urinary tract infection has favorable and stable effects. The present invention has the advantages of few traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and nontoxicity or only slight side effects.
A method of manufacturing a dosage form comprises supplying a liquid comprising a solution of a biologically compatible polymer to a liquid supply tube 2 having an outlet 2a and establishing an electrical field between the outlet 2a and a surface 19 spaced from the outlet to cause liquid issuing from the outlet to form a jet which dries to form a polymer fibre. The fibre deposits onto the surface to form a dosage form body consisting of the fibre. The fibre dissolves or disintegrates in a wet environment such as the mouth. The solution contains a suspension of particulate material that is insoluble in the polymer and the fibre formed contains particles of the particulate material; alternatively, a first fibre layer is formed from the polymer fibre, a region of active ingredient containing material is formed on this layer and a second layer of polymer fibre is formed over the active ingredient region; alternatively effervescent material is incorporated in the dosage form; alternatively a suspension of particulate active material is contained in the polymer solution and polymer droplets containing particles of the active material are formed from the jet. Suitable polymers include vinylpyrrolidone vinylimidazole copolymer, vinylpyrrolidone vinylacetate copolymer, polyvinlyacetate and polycarprolactone. The dosage forms may be encapsulated in another polymer that is not dissolvable in the mouth such as ethyl cellulose.
AIMS: To examine any potential links between remnant cholesterol (RC) and comorbid chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
METHODS: We used data from 2709 American people aged > 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2011-2018. Subjects were categorized according to whether they had comorbid CKD. Logistic regression models and smoothed curve fitting methods were employed to assess the association of RC with comorbid CKD in patients with prediabetes and T2DM.
RESULTS: The 2709 participants included 1473 patients with T2DM and 1236 with prediabetes [impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG)], of whom 744 (27.46%) had comorbid CKD. In multivariate-adjusted analysis, both RC and triglycerides (TG) were significantly associated with an increased risk of comorbid CKD, and a 1 mmol/L elevation of RC increased the risk by 38.1% [OR (95% CI) 1.636 (1.242, 2.156)], which was higher than the risk associated with a 1 mmol/L increase in TG [1.255 (1.106, 1.424)]. Additionally, those in the highest quartile of RC had a 43.6% higher risk of concomitant renal damage than those in the lowest quartile. RC was linearly and positively associated with the incidence of comorbid CKD in this population.
CONCLUSIONS: RC is an independent risk factor for comorbid CKD in patients with prediabetes and T2DM. This finding provides a novel insight into the management and early detection of renal disease in patients with impaired glucose metabolism.
PURPOSE: A cosmetic composition containing melanin for preventing and relieving skin irritation is provided to regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokine and to prevent and treat skin irritation such as dermatitis, skin dryness, smarting, itching, and burning sensation. CONSTITUTION: A cosmetic composition for preventing and treating skin irritation contains 0.01-10 wt% of melanin as an active ingredient. Melanin is derived from a Mucuna pruriens extract. Melanin suppresses the expression of inflammatory cytokine by all-trans retinoic acid. Melanin is prepared by pretreating the Mucuna pruriens extract at pH 8-10 and oxidizing at 15-35 deg. C. for 3-5 days. The cosmetic composition is manufactured in the form of a lotion, a nutrition cream, a massage cream, an essence, an eye cream, a cleansing foam, a pack, or a body lotion. [Reference numerals] (AA) MCP-1 expressed amount(pg/ml); (BB) 500ppm, embodiment 1; (CC) 100ppm, embodiment 2; (DD) 1ppm comparative embodiment 1; (EE) 1uM comparative embodiment 2; (FF) Control group
Risk Summary

The safety and efficacy of ERLEADA have not been established in females. Based on findings from animals and its mechanism of action, ERLEADA can cause fetal harm and loss of pregnancy when administered to a pregnant female [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)] . There are no available data on ERLEADA use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk. In an animal reproduction study, oral administration of apalutamide to pregnant rats during and after organogenesis resulted in fetal abnormalities and embryo-fetal lethality at maternal exposures ≥ 2 times the human clinical exposure (AUC) at the recommended dose (see Data) . 

Data

Animal Data

In a pilot embryo-fetal developmental toxicity study in rats, apalutamide caused developmental toxicity when administered at oral doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day throughout and after the period of organogenesis (gestational days 6–20). Findings included embryo-fetal lethality (resorptions) at doses ≥50 mg/kg/day, decreased fetal anogenital distance, misshapen pituitary gland, and skeletal variations (unossified phalanges, supernumerary short thoracolumbar rib(s), and small, incomplete ossification, and/or misshapen hyoid bone) at ≥25 mg/kg/day. A dose of 100 mg/kg/day caused maternal toxicity. The doses tested in rats resulted in systemic exposures (AUC) approximately 2, 4 and 6 times, respectively, the AUC in patients.
Initiate prasugrel tablets treatment as a single 60 mg oral loading dose and then continue at 10-mg orally once daily. Patients taking prasugrel tablets should also take aspirin (75-mg to 325-mg) daily [see Drug Interactions ( 7.4) and Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3)] . Prasugrel tablets may be administered with or without food [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3) and Clinical Studies ( 14)] . 

Timing of Loading Dose

In the clinical trial that established the efficacy and safety of prasugrel tablets, the loading dose of prasugrel tablets was not administered until coronary anatomy was established in UA/NSTEMI patients and in STEMI patients presenting more than 12 hours after symptom onset. In STEMI patients presenting within 12 hours of symptom onset, the loading dose of prasugrel tablets was administered at the time of diagnosis, although most received prasugrel tablets at the time of PCI [see Clinical Studies ( 14)] . For the small fraction of patients that required urgent CABG after treatment with prasugrel tablets, the risk of significant bleeding was substantial. 

Although it is generally recommended that antiplatelet therapy be administered promptly in the management of ACS because many cardiovascular events occur within hours of initial presentation, in a trial of 4033 NSTEMI patients, no clear benefit was observed when prasugrel tablets loading dose was administered prior to diagnostic coronary angiography compared to at the time of PCI; however, risk of bleeding was increased with early administration in patients undergoing PCI or early CABG.

Dosing in Low Weight Patients

Compared to patients weighing ≥60 kg, patients weighing <60 kg have an increased exposure to the active metabolite of prasugrel and an increased risk of bleeding on a 10-mg once daily maintenance dose. Consider lowering the maintenance dose to 5-mg in patients <60 kg. The effectiveness and safety of the 5 mg dose have not been prospectively studied [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1), Adverse Reactions ( 6.1), and Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3)].