anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Physical dependence is characterized by withdrawal symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dose reduction of a drug.   
There was some evidence of physical dependence or a withdrawal syndrome with eslicarbazepine acetate in a physical dependence study conducted in healthy volunteers who were maintained at a daily dose of 800 mg eslicarbazepine acetate for 4 weeks prior to discontinuation. The primary endpoint was the maximum change from steady-state baseline in the total score of the Physician’s Withdrawal Checklist (PWC-34) during the 21-day discontinuation period. Eslicarbazepine acetate and placebo were shown to be equivalent on the primary endpoint. Two out of 8 secondary endpoints (visual analog scales for anxiety and nausea) showed some increase in these symptoms for subjects who were maintained on eslicarbazepine acetate and discontinued, versus subjects who were maintained on placebo. In general, AEDs should not be abruptly discontinued in patients with epilepsy because of the risk of increased seizure frequency and status epilepticus.
The study population is based on the 'National Health Insurance Research Database' (NHIRD) from 2001 to 2015 provided by Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare. The subjects are diagnosed as MS patients based on the 'Registry for Catastrophic Illness'. First, the investigators will perform the statistical analysis of the incidence, the prevalence, the mortality and the trend analysis of the MS patients diagnosed each year. First, Kaplan-Meier method will be employed to examine the survival curves. Next, Cox proportional hazards model will be used to analyze the survival and related factors. Last, multiple regression analysis will be then performed to analyze the influence of independent variables on patients' medical utilization in each year.

In response to the lack of data on population-based epidemiological studies on MS diseases in Asia, this research wishes to fill the gaps in the studies of global prevention and analyze the patient's survival, mortality risk factors and the medical utilization as a reference for national health policies.
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, and the exploration of potential therapeutic drugs for its treatment is still ongoing. Vitamin D has emerged as a promising treatment due to its potential neuroprotective effects and anti-epileptic properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D on epilepsy and neuroinflammation in juvenile mice using network pharmacology and molecular docking, with a focus on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Experimental mouse models of epilepsy were established through intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine, and in vitro injury models of hippocampal neurons were induced by glutamate (Glu) stimulation. The anti-epileptic effects of vitamin D were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis were used to identify potential targets and regulatory pathways of vitamin D in epilepsy. The involvement of the mTOR signaling pathway in the regulation of mouse epilepsy by vitamin D was validated using rapamycin (RAPA). The levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene and protein expressions were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to analyze the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. In in vivo experiments, vitamin D reduced the Racine scores of epileptic mice, prolonged the latency of epilepsy, and inhibited the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Furthermore, network pharmacology analysis identified RAF1 as a potential target of vitamin D in epilepsy, which was further confirmed by molecular docking analysis. Additionally, the mTOR signaling pathway was found to be involved in the regulation of mouse epilepsy by vitamin D. In in vitro experiments, Glu stimulation upregulated the expressions of RAF1 and LC3II/LC3I, inhibited mTOR phosphorylation, and induced neuronal apoptosis. Mechanistically, vitamin D activated the mTOR signaling pathway and alleviated mouse epilepsy via RAF1, while the use of the pathway inhibitor RAPA reversed this effect. Vitamin D alleviated epilepsy symptoms and neuroinflammation in juvenile mice by activating the mTOR signaling pathway via RAF1. These findings provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-epileptic effects of vitamin D and further supported its use as an adjunctive therapy for existing anti-epileptic drugs.
BACKGROUND: The interplay between airway epithelium and macrophages plays a pivotal role in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathogenesis. Exosomes, which transport miRNA cargo, have emerged as novel mediators of intercellular communication. MicroRNA-125a-5p (miR-125a-5p) has been implicated in macrophage polarization.This study aims to investigate the role of exosomal miR-125a-5p in the dysfunctional epithelium-macrophage cross-talk in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced COPD.
METHODS: In cell models, THP-1 monocytic cells were differentiated into macrophages (M0). Human bronchial epithelial cells treated with CS extract (CSE) were co-cultured with M0. Exosomes were isolated from culture media using commercial kits and characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Exosomes labeled with PKH26 red fluorescent cell linker kits were incubated with macrophages. Luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the target gene of miR-125a-5p. In mouse experiments, inhibiting miR-125a-5p was utilized to examine its role in macrophage polarization. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism was explored.
RESULTS: In vitro results indicated that CSE treatment led to upregulation of miR-125a-5p in HBE cells, and exosomes contained miR-125a-5p. PKH26-labeled exosomes were internalized by macrophages. Co-culture experiments between bronchial epithelial cells and miR-125a-5p mimic resulted in significant increase in M1 macrophage markers (TNF-α, iNOS-2, IL-1β) and decrease in M2 markers (IL-10 and Arg-1). In COPD mouse models, miR-125a-5p inhibitor reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Luciferase assays revealed that miR-125a-5p inhibitors enhanced the relative luciferase activity of IL1RN. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that HBE-derived exosomes transfected with miR-125a-5p mimics promoted upregulation of MyD88, TRAF6, p65, iNOS-2, and downregulation of Arg-1.
CONCLUSION: This study suggests that exosomal miR-125a-5p may act as a mediator in the cross-talk between airway epithelium and macrophage polarization in COPD. Exosomal miR-125a-5p targeting IL1RN may promote M1 macrophage polarization via the MyD88/NF-κB pathway.
In this work, we describe an easy, simple, and cost-effective method to assess the proteolytic activity of snake venoms. The method is based on measuring the hydrolytic halo formed by gelatin radial hydrolysis following the incubation of venoms on a solid gelatin-agarose plate. Venoms from Bothrops (B.) alternatus, B. diporus, B. neuwiedi, B. jararaca, B. jararacussu, Crotalus atrox, and Trimeresurus albolabris were tested. A dose-response relationship was observed for each venom tested, with proteolytic capacity values, determined as GD (gelatinolytic dose, the dose causing a 15 mm hydrolytic halo) ranging from 21 to 222 μg. A correlation between hydrolysis and hemorrhagic activity in rat skin (minimal hemorrhagic dose) was found, with an r2 value of 0.8774 (p < 0.0001). The venoms' hydrolytic activity was significantly, though not completely, inhibited by EDTA. This methodology was also deployed to assess venom neutralization by antivenoms on the hydrolytic activity of the different venoms, demonstrating its usefulness in evaluating antivenom neutralizing capacity. The method presented is simple, cheap and useful for preliminary screening of venom proteolytic activity and its inhibition and may also predict gross differences in hemorrhagic activity, contributing to the reduction of the number of animals used for these determinations.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to rise in the population worldwide. Because it is an important predisposing factor for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and COVID-19, obesity reduces life expectancy. Adipose tissue (AT), the main fat storage organ with endocrine capacity, plays fundamental roles in systemic metabolism and obesity-related diseases. Dysfunctional AT can induce excess or reduced body fat (lipodystrophy). Dido1 is a marker gene for stemness; gene-targeting experiments compromised several functions ranging from cell division to embryonic stem cell differentiation, both in vivo and in vitro. We report that mutant mice lacking the DIDO N terminus show a lean phenotype. This consists of reduced AT and hypolipidemia, even when mice are fed a high-nutrient diet. DIDO mutation caused hypothermia due to lipoatrophy of white adipose tissue (WAT) and dermal fat thinning. Deep sequencing of the epididymal white fat (Epi WAT) transcriptome supported Dido1 control of the cellular lipid metabolic process. We found that, by controlling the expression of transcription factors such as C/EBPα or PPARγ, Dido1 is necessary for adipocyte differentiation, and that restoring their expression reestablished adipogenesis capacity in Dido1 mutants. Our model differs from other lipodystrophic mice and could constitute a new system for the development of therapeutic intervention in obesity.
Transmesentric hernias are a type of internal hernia, in which there is herniation of bowel loops through a defect in the mesentery. They present with a wide variety of symptoms without any specific radiological features, leading to a delay in diagnosis and high mortality rate. Here, we present a case series of four patients with this rare but fatal cause of small bowel obstruction. Three children presented to the emergency department with small bowel obstruction. The other baby was a preterm neonate with an antenatal scan showing small bowel obstruction. All children underwent emergency laparotomy and were found to have a mesenteric defect with herniation and gangrene of the small bowel. Resection anastomosis of the gangrenous segment and closure of the mesenteric defect were done. The differential for small bowel obstruction in children should include transmesentric hernia. Laboratory or imaging investigations are often inconclusive. Timely exploration can save lives in this rare but life-threatening condition.
Conservative therapy could be considered a choice of treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) as it seems to have no side effect and causes significant and long-term improvement in symptoms. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and electrical stimulation are two commonly used forms of conservative treatment for SUI. PFMT improves the structural support of the pelvis. However, many patients have difficulty identifying and isolating their pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and are unable to perform the exercise effectively. Furthermore, patients who can identify the PFM often find that the required daily exercise routine is burdensome. Hence, the primary disadvantage of PFMT is lack of long-term patient compliance. Electrical stimulation (ES) is a non-invasive, passive treatment that produces a muscle contraction. Transanal electrical stimulation (TES) has little side-effect, and the patient compliance is 70-85% in published reports. TES results in PFM contraction by indirect nerve stimulation, mainly by polysynaptic reflex responses. The indirect stimulation and reflexive contraction may be the reason why the effect of electrical stimulation is not as good as that of PFMT when performed correctly. By combining the advantages of PFMT and TES and incorporating the technique of deep insertion of long acupuncture needles, we developed electrical pudendal nerve stimulation (EPNS). In EPNS, long acupuncture needles of 0.40 Х 100 or 125 mm were deeply inserted into four sacral points and electrified to stimulate the pudendal nerves (PN) and contract the PFM. CT transverse plane at the coccygeal apex has showed that the position of the lower needle tip is similar to where (adjacent to PN at Alcock's canal) the Bion device is implanted for chronic PN stimulation. Our previous study showed that EPNS had a better therapeutic effect on female SUI as compared with PFMT + TES. Simultaneous records of perineal ultrasonographic PFM contraction, vaginal pressure and pelvic floor surface electromyogram in our previous study have proved that EPNS can exactly excite PN and induce PFM contraction in female SUI patients. However, EPNS has also shown satisfactory effect in male patients with SUI problems. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of EPNS to PFMT + TES in treating male SUI.
The invention discloses application of hydroxysafflor yellow B in preparing a medicine for treating gastric cancer and a medicine, and relates to the technical field of medicines. The invention discloses an application of hydroxysafflor yellow B in preparing a medicine for treating gastric cancer. The invention also discloses a medicine for treating gastric cancer, and the effective component of the medicine comprises hydroxysafflor yellow B. The medicine is tablet, capsule, granule, soft capsule, dripping pill or syrup. The hydroxysafflor yellow B is extracted from plant safflower. The chemical molecular formula of the hydroxyl carthamus tinctorius yellow color B is C 27 H 32 O 16 . The purity of the hydroxysafflor yellow B is 98%. The invention provides a new medicine for treating gastric cancer by researching the mechanism of hydroxysafflor yellow B for treating gastric cancer.
This research was structured as a double-blind, randomized clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of CoQ10 and Vitamin E supplements on periodontal health in patients with chronic periodontitis. A total of 120 patients from the Department of Periodontics at Boroujerd Dental School of the Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences were chosen for the study. Before the commencement of the trial, various clinical periodontal parameters such as plaque index, bleeding on probing, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were measured in six different areas of the tooth surface. Subsequently, scaling and root planning were carried out, and oral hygiene practices were enhanced for all participants. The participants were then randomly divided into three groups: Group A received 30 mg of CoQ10, Group B received 400 mg of Vitamin E supplements daily, and Group C did not receive any medication. After two months, the clinical periodontal parameters were reevaluated. Furthermore, to compare the total antioxidant capacity in saliva before and after the administration of these supplements, as well as in patients who did not receive any medication, 2 ml of non-stimulated saliva was collected from each participant at the beginning and end of the study for analysis using UV-spectrophotometric methods. The selection criteria for eligible participants in this study were also clearly defined.
All participants complete two experiments one after another-EEG patterns, skin conductance and pulse rate are recorded. The EEG cap is mounted on the participant's head, the GSR sensor secured on the fingers and the PPG sensor secured on the wrist using a Velcro strap. Exp 1-participants watch a series of 15, 1 min videos of people doing daily activities. Exp 2-participants do 15 movements (15 reps each in 1 min) as guided by a physiotherapist. 2 identical buzzers (labelled "lesser pain" and "more pain") are available to press accordingly should participants experience 'lesser' or 'more' pain any time during the experiment. If 'more' pain experienced, participants' condition will be assessed and they can choose to continue the experiment at a lower intensity or stop.
A stomach healing capsule used for gastropathy treatment is an internal Chinese patent drug capsule for treating hyperchlorhydria, stomach mean pain, abdominal distension and eructation acid regurgitation disease. The prescription comprises calcined alum, sepium, rhizoma corydalis, concha arcae, radix saussureae lappae, rhizome cyperi and liquorice. The above-mentioned drugs are handpicked and added in, processed according to old ways and crushed, and the drugs pass through a screen with 120 screen meshes, and then are encapsulated into No.0 capsules. The weight of each capsule is 0.5g and the capsule has the efficacies of hyperchlorhydria treatment and stomach strengthening, Qi regulating and stomach harmonizing, and pain relieving. The capsule is used for the hyperchlorhydria, stomach mean pain, abdominal distension and eructation acid regurgitation disease, etc. The cure rate can reach 95 percent and the inefficiency can reach 5 percent. The efficacy of cause and symptom treatment can be achieved, and the purpose of hard recrudescence can be achieved.
PURPOSE: A fusion monoclonal antibody is provided to enhance antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and to effectively treat cancer by activation of immunocytes around cancer cells by IL-2(interleukin-2). CONSTITUTION: A fusion monoclonal antibody contains IL-2 which is specifically conjugate to HER2(cancer cell surface antigen). An antibody which is specific to HER2 is IgG 1 type or scFv(single-chain variable fragment) type. The antibody which is specific to HER2 is trastuzumab. A polynucleotide encodes the fusion monoclonal antibody. A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cancer contains the fusion monoclonal antibody. The composition additionally contains a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, or diluent.
If randomized to this group, participants will complete weekly assessments only and not yoga during their time in the study. Following full completion of the study (i.e., after week 10), participants will be compensated with a voucher for 2 free months of yoga.
BACKGROUND: Epileptic seizures are a common manifestation of autoimmune encephalitis (AIE). Immunosuppression (IT) is an efficient therapeutic approach, particularly in AIE associated with antibodies against extracellular structures. The role of antiseizure medication (ASM) is less clear. However, it may be beneficial in disease refractory to IT or in chronic post-AIE epilepsy.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review assessing the PubMed and Cochrane databases to identify all reports on patients with epileptic seizures due to AIE in whom ASM was used and report it according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. We included case series (minimum 3 eligible patients), retrospective and prospective observational studies, and randomized controlled trials. The main outcome assessed was therapeutic efficacy of ASM. Secondary outcomes comprise number, type, and adverse effects of ASM. Descriptive statistics were used. The level of evidence was assessed according to the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine.
RESULTS: We screened a total of 3371 studies and included 30 (7 prospective, 23 retrospective). The reports cover a total of 708 patients, the majority (72.5%) suffering from AIE with antibodies against extracellular structures. Type of AIE, seizure frequency, and number and type of ASM used were heterogenous. While most patients profited from IT and/or ASM, the effect of ASM could rarely be isolated. Nine studies report on patients who received ASM monotherapy or were on ASM for a relevant length of time before IT initiation or after IT failure. One study reports a significant association between seizure freedom and use of sodium channel inhibitors. However, levels of evidence were generally low.
CONCLUSION: Few robust data exist on the particular efficacy of ASM in autoimmune epileptic seizures. While these patients generally seem to respond less well to ASM or surgical interventions, sodium channel blockers may have an additional benefit compared to other substances. However, levels of evidence are low and early IT remains the mainstay of AIE therapy. Future trials should address optimal ASM selection and dosing in AIE.
RRMM participants with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance 30 to 59 mL/min \[Grade 2 chronic kidney disease\]) will receive a conditioning chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m\^2/day and fludarabine 24 mg/m\^2/day IV infusion for 3 days followed by a single infusion of KITE-585 at a tolerable dose of 3 x 10\^7 autologous anti-BCMA CAR T cells on Day 0. Participants may also receive an optional bridging therapy at the investigator's discretion, up to 7 days before initiation of conditioning chemotherapy. Participants then had a post-treatment assessment period and long-term follow-up period from Week 2 to Month 3 and after Month 3 to Year 15, respectively.
Both eyes will be operated at two separate sessions. In the second session the 25 patients will be bandaged postoperatively with therapeutic contact lenses (TCL).
Firstly, patients will undergo electrophysiological evaluation: motor evoked potential, motor threshold and silent period in both hemispheres. After those procedures, bihemispheric tDCS will be applied with duration of 20 minutes, intensity of 2 mA where anodal electrode will be on the affected hemisphere and the cathodal electrode, on the non-affected hemisphere. After tDCS, patients will be submitted to 40 minutes of physical therapy protocol. Experimental sessions will be repeated five times per week to complete 10 sessions.
Chen Shitie the obvious characteristics of the plaster are strengthening yang and treating the root cause. It is indicated for internal diseases. The function; dispelling cold dampness, eliminating phlegm, relieving arthralgia, eliminating mass, removing toxic substances, and healing sore. Has good effects on pains of neck, shoulder, waist, knee, etc., chronic strain, acne, pyocutaneous disease, gangrene, nodule, and abdominal mass caused by wind, cold, dampness, turbid phlegm. Safe and has less adverse reaction. A new process for preparing aconite root by Chen's wet baking method includes such steps as dissolving monarch drug and 76 Chinese-medicinal materials in hot sol to obtain iron flower plaster, and features high penetrability and high curative effect.
PURPOSE:To obtain uniform plaster for wet compressing agent preventing quick crosslinking reaction by emulsifying or dispersing a dilute solution of aluminum as crosslinking agent and an oily component to be mixed in wet compressing agent with a surfactant and adding to a solution of polymeric compound. CONSTITUTION:0.01-2wt.% an emulsion or dispersion composed of a dilute aqueous solution of dissolved aluminum emulsified or dispersed in an oily component (e.g. l-menthol) with a surfactant (e.g. polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty ester) is added to an aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid and/or sodium polyacrylate and reacted. Furthermore, other water-soluble polymeric compound (e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone), water-holding agent (e.g. glycerin), pH controller br filler, etc., is added into said aqueous solution, as necessary, and mixed to afford the aimed substance.