anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The development of numerous diseases is significantly influenced by inflammation. Macrophage-derived exosomes (M-Exos) play a role in controlling inflammatory reactions in various conditions, including chronic inflammatory pain, hypertension, and diabetes. However, the specific targets and roles of M-Exos in regulating inflammation in diseases remain largely unknown. This review summarizes current knowledge on M-Exos biogenesis and provides updated information on M-Exos' biological function in inflammation modulation. Furthermore, this review highlights the functionalization and engineering strategies of M-Exos, while providing an overview of cutting-edge approaches to engineering M-Exos and advancements in their application as therapeutics for inflammation modulation. Finally, multiple engineering strategies and mechanisms are presented in this review along with their perspectives and challenges, and the potential contribution that M-Exos may have in diseases through the modulation of inflammation is discussed.
BACKGROUND: Older adults with hearing impairments are vulnerable to cognitive impairment. Although previous reports suggest a correlation between widowhood and cognitive impairment, further investigation is needed to elucidate the effect of widowhood on cognitive function and the moderating effects of social support and participation on widowhood-related cognitive impairment in this vulnerable demographic.
METHODS: The study's data were sourced from the nationally representative Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) for the years 2011, 2014, and 2018. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between widowhood and cognitive function among older adults. Multivariate logistic regression examined the effect of widowhood on the likelihood of experiencing various levels of cognitive impairment in older adults with hearing impairments. A moderating effect model explored the roles of social support and participation in mitigating widowhood-related cognitive impairment.
RESULTS: The cognitive function of older adults with hearing impairment was found to be lower than that of those without hearing impairment. Widowhood was significantly negatively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in older adults, both with (Coef. = -0.898) and without (Coef.: = -0.680) hearing impairments. A stronger association was observed between widowhood and declining cognitive function among older adults with hearing impairment. Specifically, widowhood may be more likely to significantly increase the likelihood of moderate and severe cognitive impairment (RRR = 1.326, 1.538) among older adults with hearing impairments. Social support and social participation significantly moderated the cognitive impairment associated with widowhood among hearing-impaired older adults. These forms of support and engagement are buffers against the risk of widowhood-related cognitive impairment among this demographic.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that widowhood is significantly associated with cognitive impairment in older adults with hearing impairment. Social support and participation help mitigate this risk. Strategies should prioritize early screening, specialized cognitive rehabilitation, comprehensive care, and enhancing social support and participation to maintain cognitive health in this vulnerable population following widowhood.
* You should see an improvement of your symptoms within 1 to 2 weeks. In addition to your other regular checkups you will need to continue seeing your doctor regularly to check your progress regarding your BPH and to monitor your blood pressure.
  * Doxazosin Tablets are not a treatment for prostate cancer. Your doctor has prescribed Doxazosin Tablets for your BPH and not for prostate cancer; however, a man can have BPH and prostate cancer at the same time. Doctors usually recommend that men be checked for prostate cancer once a year when they turn 50 (or 40 if a family member has had prostate cancer). A higher incidence of prostate cancer has been noted in men of African-American descent. These checks should continue even if you are taking Doxazosin Tablets.
BOOMBOX: Master Study is an observational, single arm, non-randomized, prospective master study. Following histotripsy treatment of liver tumor(s), subjects will undergo imaging ≤36 hours post-histotripsy treatment procedure to determine histotripsy success. Subjects will then be followed per standard clinical follow-up as determined at each site with regular review of adverse event data for up to 5 years or until completion of their follow-up in a sub-study, whichever is longer.

As an observational study, the master protocol does not direct the use of the HistoSonics Edison System towards any specific clinical intent or any specific disease state. Rather, it will uniformly enroll patients and capture real-world standard-of-care data on the usage of the HistoSonics Edison System as implemented by the treating physician on all subjects treated with histotripsy that meet the study criteria and agree to participate in the study. Sub-studies to the master protocol will investigate specific populations and/or clinical questions with more stringent enrollment criteria, standardized testing criteria, and/or follow-up schedule. Any subject enrolled in the master study who also qualifies for a sub-study may enroll in the sub-study in parallel to the master study.
The aim of this research is to examine whether adding antidepressant pharmacotherapy to behavioral cessation treatment improves the depression-prone smoker's ability to quit, while not undermining cessation for the smoker who lacks a history of depression, by randomizing smokers both with and without such a history to double-blind treatment with either 60 mg fluoxetine or placebo. The primary Depressive Episode Hypothesis states that the stress of quitting smoking and the biological challenge of nicotine withdrawal trigger a depressive episode in vulnerable individuals. To the extent that episode onset can be prevented by prophylactic administration of antidepressant pharmacotherapy, smokers with a history of depression will show significantly higher abstinence rates when treated with fluoxetine than placebo, whereas no drug effect will be evident for history negative smokers who lack the depressive diathesis. An alternative generalized withdrawal hypothesis construes post-cessation dysphoria as one general manifestation of a nicotine withdrawal syndrome that occurs independently of depressive vulnerability, and predicts that fluoxetine, as compared to placebo, will uniformly improve cessation outcomes, regardless of whether smokers possess the diathesis for depression. Over period of four years, the study hopes to randomize 120 smokers with a history of depression and 120 smokers who lack such a history to double-blind treatment with either 60 mg fluoxetine or placebo, while they undergo group cognitive behavioral treatment to quit smoking. To allow plasma drug levels to stabilize before quitting smoking, drug or placebo treatment begins 3 weeks before quitting smoking and continues for an additional 8 weeks following the quit date. Participants will be followed up monthly for 4 months after the end of treatment in order to assess the main study outcome; abstinence from smoking 6 months after the quit date.
The safety and effectiveness of MYDAYIS in pediatric patients with ADHD ages 13 to 17 years have been established in two placebo-controlled clinical studies [see Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), Clinical Studies (14)].

The safety and effectiveness of MYDAYIS have not been established in pediatric patients ages 12 years and younger.

MYDAYIS has been studied for the treatment of ADHD in pediatric patients 6 to 12 years in two placebo controlled safety and efficacy trials. In the first trial, pediatric patients 6 to 12 years experienced higher rates of adverse reactions in some cases compared to patients 13 years and older, including higher rates of insomnia (30% vs 8%) and appetite decreased (43% vs 22%). In addition, amphetamine systemic exposures (both d- and l-) in pediatric patients 6 to 12 years following a single dose were higher than those observed in adults at the same dose (72 to 79% higher Cmax and approximately 83% higher AUC). A second trial evaluated a lower dose than those approved for pediatric patients 13 to 17 years; efficacy was not demonstrated for the lower dose. Therefore, a safe and effective dose cannot be established in pediatric patients 12 years and younger.

Growth Suppression

Growth should be monitored during treatment with stimulants, including MYDAYIS, in pediatric patients 13 to 17 years who are not growing or gaining weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5), Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Juvenile Animal Toxicity Data

Juvenile rats treated with mixed amphetamine salts (same as in MYDAYIS) early in the postnatal period through sexual maturation demonstrated transient changes in motor activity. Learning and memory was impaired at approximately 8 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) given to children on a mg/m2 basis. No recovery was seen following a drug-free period. A delay in sexual maturation was observed at a dose approximately 8 times the MRHD given to children on a mg/m2 basis, although there was no effect on fertility.

In a juvenile developmental study, rats received daily oral doses of amphetamine (d to l enantiomer ratio of 3:1, the same as in MYDAYIS) of 2, 6, or 20 mg/kg on days 7 to 13 of age; from Day 14 to approximately Day 60 of age these doses were given b.i.d. for total daily doses of 4, 12, or 40 mg/kg. The latter doses are approximately 0.8, 2, and 8 times the MRHD of 25 mg/day given to children on a mg/m2 basis. Postdosing hyperactivity was seen at all doses; motor activity measured prior to the daily dose was decreased during the dosing period but the decreased motor activity was largely absent after an 18 day drug-free recovery period. Performance in the Morris water maze test for learning and memory was impaired at the 40 mg/kg dose, and sporadically at the lower doses, when measured prior to the daily dose during the treatment period; no recovery was seen after a 19 day drug-free period. A delay in the developmental milestones of vaginal opening and preputial separation was seen at 40 mg/kg but there was no effect on fertility.
This is polyipyrrolidone foam agent and method for making same, and its characteristic is: it is made from polyipyrrolidone and other raw materials. Its manufacturing technique is: dissolve polyipyrrolidone in water, and unfreeze dodesyl sodium sulfate, doctacosanol and wool alcohol on water bath; mix the two liquids and agitate homogeneous, then pour it into pressure net foam latex generator, which can generate foam when pressing its foam latex pump, or pour it into voltage-withstand vessel and add propellant, press valve can generate foam through propellant. Using pressure net foam latex generator, generating foam by pressing a foam latex pump can save cost, reduce environmental pollution caused by propellant, reduce pressurized vessel easy-burst and make it safer. The foam agent can make medicine distribute even and broad in vagina cavity or on skin surface, make the medicine filter into vagina mucosa crink-wall. It has characteristics of therapeutic effect volatilization plenty and quick, therapeutic effect good, health, safety and convenient. It is a fine medicine for gynaecologic diseases therapy.
Three classes of antiretroviral agents have been evaluated for CYP3A4 interactions with buprenorphine. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) do not appear to induce or inhibit the P450 enzyme pathway, thus no interactions with buprenorphine are expected. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are metabolized principally by CYP3A4. Efavirenz, nevirapine and etravirine are known CYP3A inducers whereas delaviridine is a CYP3A inhibitor. Significant pharmacokinetic interactions between NNRTIs (e.g., efavirenz and delavirdine) and buprenorphine have been shown in clinical studies, but these pharmacokinetic interactions did not result in any significant pharmacodynamic effects. It is recommended that patients who are on chronic buprenorphine treatment have their dose monitored if NNRTIs are added to their treatment regimen. Studies have shown some antiretroviral protease inhibitors (PIs) with CYP3A4 inhibitory activity (nelfinavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, ritonavir) have little effect on buprenorphine pharmacokinetic and no significant pharmacodynamic effects. Other PIs with CYP3A4 inhibitory activity (atazanavir and atazanavir/ritonavir) resulted in elevated levels of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine and patients in one study reported increased sedation. Symptoms of opioid excess have been found in post-marketing reports of patients receiving buprenorphine and atazanavir with and without ritonavir concomitantly. Monitoring of patients taking buprenorphine and atazanavir with and without ritonavir is recommended, and dose reduction of buprenorphine may be warranted.
BACKGROUND: The effect of the vitamin K antagonist acenocoumarol on coagulation needs to be reversed when patients undergo an invasive procedure with considerable bleeding risk. A strategy to achieve this is by administering oral vitamin K before a procedure while continuing acenocoumarol.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect on periprocedural international normalized ratio (INR) values and safety using oral vitamin K as anticoagulant reversal method.
METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, consecutive patients using acenocoumarol undergoing elective procedures between 2019 and 2022 were included. According to standard of care in our hospital, patients took 10 mg oral vitamin K 36 to 48 hours before the procedure while continuing their normal use of acenocoumarol. Effectiveness to lower INR to <1.8 preprocedural was assessed. Bleeding and thrombotic complications within 30 days after the procedure were assessed. Periprocedural course of INR was monitored by collecting additional blood samples.
RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were included for analysis. On the day of the procedure, an adequate INR of <1.8 was achieved in 99% of patients. One clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding complication and no thrombotic complications were observed during the first 30 days after the procedure. INR gradually restored to therapeutic level during the days after the procedure.
CONCLUSION: Using oral vitamin K while patients continue acenocoumarol intake is an effective way to adequately lower INR before an invasive procedure. Low amount of bleeding complications and absence of thromboembolic complications suggest that this is a safe strategy. The INR values returned gradually to therapeutic range after the procedure, probably contributing to the observed low bleeding rate.
OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to assess postoperative aortic remodelling (AR) after total arch replacement for acute type A aortic dissection (AAD) with a frozen elephant trunk (FET) or conventional elephant trunk (cET). Furthermore, the shape of the residual true lumen was analysed based on elliptical Fourier analysis and evaluated as a predictor of AR.
METHODS: This study involved patients who underwent total arch replacement with a cET or FET for AAD from December 2006 to January 2023 at five institutions. AR was assessed at the levels of the 4th thoracic vertebra (Th4), Th7, Th10, and above the coeliac trunk. The shape of the residual true lumen at all four levels was analysed based on elliptical Fourier analysis to calculate shape patterns as principal component (PC) values. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was performed for adjustment between the groups.
RESULTS: In total, 180 patients (88 with cET and 92 with FET) were enrolled. The complete AR rate, defined as false lumen remodelling throughout the entire descending thoracic aorta, was significantly higher in the FET than cET group (63.4% vs 32.0%, P = 0.0013). The inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted Fine-Gray regression model revealed that the mean PC2 (hazard ratio, 0.22; P < 0.001) and PC3 (hazard ratio, 0.24; P = 0.009) of the four levels were independent predictors of complete AR.
CONCLUSIONS: In AAD repair, the AR rate was significantly higher with use of the FET than cET. The shape patterns of the residual true lumen can be an important reference for predicting postoperative AR.
Methods A cluster experimental design was used to conduct this study. Participants were recruited from hemodialysis units at two medical centers in Taiwan and had complaints of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) within the past six months. By PEO model, the 12-week intervention including ergonomic education and exercise program was designed based on the job contents of hemodialysis nurses. In the study period, we used a mobile massager app to reminder them and monitor their implementation of exercises. The outcome indicators were measured before and after intervention as well as the follow-up after another 12 weeks. A generalized estimating equations model was adopted to analyze the repeated measurements.
Arthritis is the tenderness and swelling of one or more of the joints. Arthritis therapies are directed mainly at reducing symptoms and improving quality of life. In this article, we introduced a novel four parametric model known as generalized exponentiated unit Gompertz (GEUG) for modeling a clinical trial data which represent the relief or relaxing times of arthritic patients receiving a fixed dosage of certain medication. The key feature of such novel model is the addition of new tuning parameters to unit Gompertz (UG) with the intention of increasing versatility of the UG model. We have derived and studied different statistical and reliable attributes, along with moments and associated measures, uncertainty measures, moments generating functions, complete/incomplete moments, quantile function, survival and hazard functions. A comprehensive simulation analysis is implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of estimation of distribution parameters using numerous well-known classical approaches, like maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), least squares estimation (LSE), weighted least squares estimation (WLSE), Anderson Darling estimation (ADE), right tail Anderson darling estimation (RTADE), and Cramer-Von Mises estimation (CVME). Finally, using a relief time's data on arthritis pain show adaptability of suggested model. The results revealed that it might fit better than other relative models.
The invention relates to drug toothpaste for treating oral diseases and a preparation method thereof. The drug toothpaste is new type toothpaste adopting Chinese medicines including paeonol, and the like as main drug-effect ingredients and serving with anti-allergic and anti-hemostatic drug-effect ingredients. Compared with other chemical synthetic drugs, the drug toothpaste has the characteristics of small irritation and small toxic and side effects. The drug toothpaste has the functions for treating oral diseases, such as dental arthritis, toothache, hemodia, and the like. With long-term use, the drug toothpaste can improve oral environment and maintains oral health. The drug toothpaste has the advantages of reasonable formula, simple process and significant effect.
The exact mechanism by which diabetic neuropathy develops is still not fully known, despite our advances in medical knowledge. Progressing neuropathy may occur with a persistently favorable metabolic status in some patients with diabetes mellitus, while, in others, though seldom, a persistently unfavorable metabolic status is not associated with significant neuropathy. This might be significantly due to genetic differences. While recent years have brought compelling progress in the understanding of the pathogenetic background-in particular, accelerated progress is being made in understanding molecular biological mechanisms-some aspects are still not fully understood. A comparatively small amount of information is accessible on this matter; therefore, by summarizing the available data, in this review, we aim to provide a clearer picture of the current state of knowledge, identify gaps in the previous studies, and possibly suggest directions for future studies. This could help in developing more personalized approaches to the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy, while also taking into account individual genetic profiles.
TP10, a classic cell-penetrating peptide, shows a high degree of similarity to AMPs in structure. Although TP10 has been widely used in drug delivery, the mechanism underlying its cytotoxicity is yet to be elucidated. Herein, we explored the cell-killing mechanism of TP10 against human leukemia Jurkat cells. TP10 induced necrosis in Jurkat cells via rapid disruption of cell membranes, particularly at high concentrations. Although mitochondria in Jurkat cells were damaged by TP10, mitochondria-mediated apoptosis did not occur, possibly due to intracellular ATP depletion. Necroptosis in TP10-treated Jurkat cells became an alternative route of apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that necrosis and necroptosis rather than apoptosis are involved in the cell-killing mechanism of TP10, which contributes to the understanding of its toxicity.
Patients receive cisplatin IV over 2 hours on day 1 and brostallicin IV over 10 minutes on day 2. Courses repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
INTRODUCTION: Flexible bronchoscopy is a valuable method in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract diseases in children. This study aimed to examine the indications for and results of flexible bronchoscopy in children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included patients aged 0-18 years who underwent flexible bronchoscopy between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2022. The patients were evaluated for demographic characteristics, indications for bronchoscopy, comorbidities, bronchoscopy findings, and the results of bronchoalveolar lavage.
RESULT: During the defined study period, a total of 410 flexible bronchoscopy procedures were performed. 51.9% of the patient population were male, and 48.1% were female, with a mean age of 96.93 ± 63.45 months. The most common indication for flexible bronchoscopy was recurrent lower respiratory tract infection (26.8%), followed by chronic cough (19.1%). The bronchoalveolar lavage culture results showed that the most commonly isolated microorganisms were H. influenzae non-type b (7.8%) followed by M. catarrhalis (7.3%). Mucus obstruction and secretion (33.0%) constituted the most common bronchoscopic findings, while the flexible bronchoscopy examination was normal in 27% of patients. No serious complications occurred in any patient during or after the procedure.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrated that the most common indication for flexible bronchoscopy was recurrent lower respiratory tract infection and the most common bronchoscopy finding was purulent secretion with mucus obstruction. Flexible bronchoscopy is an important diagnostic and treatment tool for patients with recurrent respiratory symptoms. It is a highly valuable method as it enables direct visualization of the airways and facilitates the collection of bronchoalveolar lavage samples.
Patients in the training group received supervised aerobic exercise training on the treadmill with the intensity of 60-75% of maximal VO2 for 40-50 minutes, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Work-load was gradually increased during the eight-week period. In addition, conventional chest physiotherapy and was instructed to continue their daily physical activity program at home patients in this group.