anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The study will be designed to detect a significant increase in the radial artery diameter of healthy volunteers after the application of a warm heat pack in the palmar aspect of the hand compared to a control group without heat applied to the hand. Employees and students at OHSU will be considered for enrollment as volunteers for this minimal risk study. Informed consent will be obtained from healthy volunteers prior to enrollment. After enrollment, the healthy volunteers will be randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to the heat group (Group 1) or the control group (Group 2), respectively. A brief medical history will be obtained from all volunteers, including age, sex, medications, prior interventions, prior surgeries, previous medical diagnoses, allergies, and any history of prior transradial procedures. For protection of confidential health information, brief medical history will be obtained in a private area. The volunteers will then be seated and the left hand placed supinated in a comfortable position on a table. A limited ultrasound of the left radial artery will be performed using grayscale ultrasound. A skin mark will be made with a marker to identify the measurement site. All volunteers will then be given a commercially available warm heat pack and asked to hold gently in their left hand. For the control group (Group 2), the warm heat pack will not be activated. For the heat group (Group 1), the warm heat back will be activated prior to placing in the volunteer's hand. Two investigators will be present. One investigator will be measuring radial artery diameter and will not be aware if the heat pack is activated. The second investigator will be aware of the volunteer's randomly assigned group and will activate the heat pack for the volunteer if they are assigned to Group 1. Over a period of 20 minutes, repeat ultrasound of the left radial artery will be performed in 5 minute intervals.
PURPOSE: A composition containing 5-HT_3 receptor antagonist and corticosteroid is provided to prevent, suppress, or treat nausea or vomiting and to enable direct administration without dilution. CONSTITUTION: A composition for preventing nausea or vomiting contains 5-HT_3 receptor antagonist and corticosteroid. The 5-HT_3 receptor antagonist includes ondansetron, ramosetron, granisetron, tropisetron, dolasetron, palonosetron, alosetron, lurosetron, or derivative or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The composition contains dexamethasone or derivative or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The composition additionally contains pH adjusting agent or buffer. The pH adjusting agent includes organic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, or cyanide acid. The buffer includes organic acid buffer solution, phosphoric acid buffer solution, or carbonic acid buffer solution.
Founder mutations are disease-causing variants that occur frequently in geographically or culturally isolated groups whose shared ancestor(s) carried the pathogenic variant. While some disease alleles may vanish from the genetic pool due to natural selection, variants with weaker effects may survive for a long time, thereby enhancing the prevalence of some rare diseases. These are predominantly autosomal recessive diseases but can also be autosomal dominant traits with late-onset or mild phenotypes. Cultural practices, such as endogamy and consanguinity, in these isolated groups lead to higher prevalence of such rare diseases compared to the rest of the population and worldwide. In this Perspective, we define population isolates and the underlying genetic mechanisms for accumulating founder mutations. We also discuss the current and potential scientific, clinical and public-health implications of studying founder mutations in population isolates around the world, with a particular focus on the Arab population.
BACKGROUND: The management of locally recurrent gynecological carcinoma remains a challenge due to the limited availability of data. This study aims to share our institutional experience in using definitive radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of locally recurrent cervical and endometrial carcinoma.
METHODS: The study retrospectively reviewed 20 patients in our hospital completing salvage 3D image-based HDR brachytherapy, with or without EBRT, for locally recurrent cervical and endometrial carcinoma after surgery. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to estimate the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The toxicities were assessed by CTCAEv5.
RESULTS: During a median observation period of 21 months, the study reported a tumor objective response rate of 95%. The 3-year DFS and OS rates were 89.4% and 90.9%, respectively. The EBRT combined with brachytherapy achieved a median cumulative dose of 88 Gy to CTV D90. 14 patients received concurrent and/or systemic chemotherapy. Two patients suffered locoregional recurrence after salvage treatment, one of whom only received salvage brachytherapy for prior RT history. The analysis identified significant predictors for DFS, including tumor histology and FIGO stage. 5 patients observed acute grade 1-2 rectal (15%) or genitourinary (10%) toxicities. Late toxicities including grade 1-2 rectal bleeding (10%) and grade 2 pelvic fracture (5%) were seen in 3 patients.
CONCLUSIONS: 3D image-guided brachytherapy combined with EBRT shows effective tumor control and acceptable toxicity profile for women with locally recurrent gynecologic cancer. The success in managing vaginal recurrence is notably influenced by histologic subtype and FIGO staging.
BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leak rates after colorectal surgery remain high. In most left-sided colon and rectal resection surgeries, a circular stapler is utilized to create the primary bowel anastomosis. However, it remains unclear whether a relationship between circular stapler technology and anastomotic leak in left-sided colorectal surgery exists.
METHODS: A post-hoc analysis was conducted using a prospectively collected data set of patients from the 2017 European Society of Coloproctology snapshot audit who underwent elective left-sided resection (left hemicolectomy, sigmoid colectomy, or rectal resection) with a manual circular stapled anastomosis. Rates of anastomotic leak and unplanned intensive care unit stay in association with manual circular stapling were assessed. Patient-, disease-, geographical-, and surgeon-related factors as well as stapler brand were explored using multivariable regression models to identify predictors of adverse outcomes.
RESULTS: Across 3305 procedures, 8.0% of patients had an anastomotic leak and 2.1% had an unplanned intensive care unit stay. Independent predictors of anastomotic leak were male sex, minimal-access surgery converted to open surgery, and anastomosis height C11 (lower third rectum) (all P < 0.050). Independent predictors of unplanned intensive care unit stay were minimal-access surgery converted to open surgery and American Society of Anesthesiologists grade IV (all P < 0.050). Stapler device brand was not a predictor of anastomotic leak or unplanned intensive care unit stay in multivariable regression analysis. There were no differences in rates of anastomotic leak and unplanned intensive care unit stay according to stapler head diameter, geographical region, or surgeon experience.
CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing left-sided bowel anastomosis, choice of manual circular stapler, in terms of manufacturer or head diameter, is not associated with rates of anastomotic leak and unplanned intensive care unit stay.
The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an extract of Salvia plebeia R.Br. as an active component. It was confirmed that a cell survival rate is increased as a result that a 70% fermented alcohol extract is obtained from leaves and roots of Salvia plebeia R.Br., and, after the extract of Salvia plebeia R.Br. is treated to a liver cancer cell line, cell damage is induced by ethanol. It was also confirmed that the leaf extracts of Salvia plebeia R.Br. increase alcohol breakdown enzyme activity. Accordingly, the extract of Salvia plebeia R.Br. can be used as a preventive composition for relieving hangover.
The invention relates to an insect protein composition for use as a medicament, or for use in a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of inflammation, osteoarthritis, synovial inflammation, synovial macrophage activation, macrophage-induced synovial damage, or low-grade inﬂammatory disease of a joint. Typically, the insect is black soldier fly larvae. Typically, the protein is water-soluble protein and/or enzymatically hydrolysed protein. Preferably, the composition comprises glucosamine. As part of the invention, the insect protein composition inhibits and/or prevents macrophage activation, and/or prevents or inhibits macrophage-induced synovial damage, and/or inhibits and/or prevents cell lysis and/or inhibits and/or prevents reactive oxygen species formation by a cell and/or comprises glucosamine. The invention also relates to a food or feed supplement, ingredient or product, comprising the insect protein composition. Furthermore, the invention relates to a non-therapeutic method of prevention against, providing relief from or amelioration of a joint problem in a human subject or an animal such as a horse, a pet such as a dog or a cat, preferably a human subject or a dog, the method comprising orally administering to the human subject orthe animal the insect protein composition. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the insect protein composition, and to the pharmaceutical composition for use as a medicament and for use in the treatment or prevention of osteoarthritis.
Back and neck pain are common in the population, especially among immigrants. In Norway's specialist care system, treating these patients typically involves a multidisciplinary approach based on the biopsychosocial model. However, language and cultural differences may create barriers to participation. Immigrants are often underrepresented in clinical studies, but a register-based approach can enhance their participation in research. This study aimed to compare both the symptom burden, and treatment, among Norwegians, non-Norwegians, and patients requiring translator service for back and neck pain within the Norwegian specialist care system. The Norwegian neck and back registry is a National Quality Register, established in 2012 and fully digitized in late 2020. The baseline data includes demographics and patient recorded outcome measures including Oswestry Disability Index, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs, pain rating on a numeric rating scale, Hopkins Symptom Checklist and EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire on health related quality of life. During the two-year study period, a total of 14,124 patients were invited, and 10,060 (71%) participated. Norwegian patients reported less pain, better function assessed by Oswestry Disability Index, lower fear avoidance beliefs, less emotional distress, and higher health related quality of life compared to non-Norwegians. We found that patients with female gender, who were younger, more educated and exhibited fear-avoidance behavior were significantly more likely to receive multidisciplinary treatment. We found no difference in the proportion of Norwegian and non-Norwegian patients receiving multidisciplinary treatment [odds ratio (OR) 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90-1.16)]. However, patients needing a translator were less likely to receive multidisciplinary treatment compared to those who didn't require translation [OR 0.41 (95% CI (0.25-0.66)]. We found that non-Norwegian patients experience a higher symptom burden compared to Norwegian. We found that both non-Norwegians and patient in need of translator were to a greater extent recommended treatment in primary health care. The proportion of non-Norwegians patients receiving multidisciplinary treatment was similar to Norwegians, but those needing a translator were less likely to receive such treatment.
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease characterized by fibroblast proliferation, extensive extracellular matrix and collagen deposition, accompanied by inflammatory damage, ultimately leading to death due to respiratory failure. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in pulmonary fibrotic tissue is indeed recognized as a significant factor exacerbating PF development. Emerging evidences indicated a potential association between ER stress induced by lactate and cellular apoptosis in PF. However, the mechanisms in this process need further elucidation. In this paper, pulmonary fibrosis model was induced by bleomycin (BLM) intratracheally in mice. In the cellular model, type II epithelial cells were treated by lactate and TGF-β to detect ER stress and apoptosis markers. Lactate could promote ER stress response and apoptosis. Mechanically, lactate activated Caspase-12 via ATF4-Chop axis to induce cell apoptosis and promote fibrosis. ER stress inhibitor could effectively suppress alveolar epithelial cells apoptosis and pulmonary fibrosis. We concluded that pro-fibrotic properties of lactate are associated with alveolar epithelial cells apoptosis by causing ER stress and thus provide new potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary fibrosis.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the performance of different risk assessment models (RAMs) for survival after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, WOS, Embase, Cochrane, and CNKI from inception to February 2023 was conducted. We comprehensively reviewed and aggregated data from numerous studies covering prevalent RAMs such as Child-Turcotte-Pugh, the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), MELD-Sodium (MELD-Na), the Freiburg Index of Post-TIPS Survival (FIPS), Bilirubin-platelet, Chronic Liver Failure Consortium Acute Decompensation score, and Albumin-Bilirubin grade across different timeframes. For this study, short-term is defined as outcomes within a year while long-term refers to outcomes beyond one year. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve or Concordance Statistics was chosen as the metric to assess predictive capacity for mortality outcomes across six predetermined time intervals. Mean effect sizes at various time points were determined using robust variance estimation.
RESULTS: MELD consistently stood out as a primary short-term survival predictor, particularly for 1 month (± 2 weeks) (AUC: 0.72) and 3 months of (± 1 month) survival (AUC: 0.72). MELD-Na showed the best long-term predictive ability, with an AUC of 0.70 at 3.5 years (± 1.5 years). FIPS performed well for 6 months of (± 2 months) survival (AUC: 0.68) and overall transplant-free survival (AUC: 0.75). Efficacy nuances were observed in RAMs when applied to particular subgroups. Meta-regression emphasized the potential predictor overlaps in models like MELD and FIPS.
CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis underscores the MELD score as the premier predictor for short-term survival following TIPS. Meanwhile, the FIPS score and MELD-Na model exhibit potential in forecasting long-term outcomes. The study accentuates the significance of RAM selection for enhancing patient outcomes and advocates for additional research to corroborate these findings and fine-tune risk assessment in TIPS.
We used the 2015 ASA/AHA and 2020 Chinese multidisciplinary expert consensus recommendations for treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, including a standard approach to monitoring patients' airways, ventilation, intracranial pressure, sedation, and pharmacological treatment of intracranial mass effect. Patients allocated to the standard medical care group had follow-up CT scans and other monitoring assessments on the same schedule as those in the STAPLE group. Conventional craniotomy and hematoma evacuation can be performed when cerebral hernia or rebleeding happened.
###  Teratogenic effects: Pregnancy Category C

Zolpidem tartrate was administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats by oral gavage during the period of organogenesis at doses of 4, 20, or 100 mg based/kg/day. Adverse maternal and embryo/fetal effects occurred at doses of 20 mg base/kg and higher, manifesting as dose-related lethargy and ataxia in pregnant rats while examination of fetal skull bones revealed a dose-related trend toward incomplete ossification. Teratogenicity was not observed at any dose level. The no-effect dose of zolpidem for maternal and embryofetal toxicity was 4 mg base/kg/day (between 4 to 5 times the MRHD of zolpidem tartrate tablets on a mg/m2 basis).

Administration of zolpidem tartrate to pregnant Himalayan Albino rabbits at doses of 1, 4, or 16 mg base/kg/day by oral gavage (over 35 times the MRHD of zolpidem tartrate tablets on a mg/m2 basis) during the period of organogenesis produced dose-related maternal sedation and decreased maternal body weight gain at all doses. At the high dose of 16 mg base/kg, there was an increase in post-implantation fetal loss and under-ossification of sternebrae in viable fetuses. Teratogenicity was not observed at any dose level. The no-effect dose of zolpidem for maternal toxicity was below 1 mg base/kg/day (< 2-times the MRHD of zolpidem tartrate tablets on a mg/m2 basis). The no-effect dose for embryofetal toxicity was 4 mg base/kg/day (between 9 and 10 times the MRHD of zolpidem tartrate tablets on a mg/m2 basis).

Administration of zolpidem tartrate at doses of 4, 20, or 100 mg base/kg/day to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats starting on Day 15 of gestation and continuing through Day 21 of the postnatal lactation period produced dose-dependent lethargy and ataxia in dams at doses of 20 mg base/kg and higher. Decreased maternal body weight gain as well as evidence on non-secreting mammary glands and a single incidence of maternal death was observed at 100 mg base/kg. Effects observed on rat pups included decreased body weight with maternal doses of 20 mg base/kg and higher and decreased pup survival at maternal doses of 100 mg base/kg. The no-effect dose for maternal and offspring toxicity was 4 mg base/kg (between 4 to 5 times the MRHD of zolpidem tartrate tablets on a mg/m2 basis).

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Zolpidem tartrate tablets should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Nonteratogenic effects. Studies to assess the effects on children whose mothers took zolpidem during pregnancy have not been conducted. However, children born of mothers taking sedative/hypnotic drugs may be at some risk for withdrawal symptoms from the drug during the postnatal period. In addition, neonatal flaccidity has been reported in infants born of mothers who received sedative/hypnotic drugs during pregnancy.
Seventy-five people with RMS who due to commence or already receiving ofatumumab therapy within 60 days of baseline will be recruited. All recruited participants will be tracked prospectively over a two-year period. Participants will complete an optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan, visual acuity (VA) assessments, EDSS, and sNfL blood level at baseline and every 6 months. Participants will be tracked prospectively for 2 years. OCT scans, sNfL levels, disability score determinations, 100% high-contrast, 2.5% and 1.25% low-contrast letter acuities will be performed every 6 months. Results from an existing cohort of approximately 75 healthy controls (HC) from a separate study undergoing annual OCT and visual function assessments will be used for comparison purposes.
The present invention relates to novel nucleic acid molecules encoding a Rhesus D antigen contributing to the weak D phenotype which are characterized by one or a combination of missense mutations or by a gene conversion involving exons 6 to 9 of the RHD and RHCE genes. The present invention further relates to vectors comprising the nucleic acid molecules of the invention, to hosts transformed with said vectors, to proteins encoded by said nucleic acid molecules and to methods of producing such polypeptides. The fact that missense mutations and the conversion referred to above can be directly correlated to the weak D phenotype has a significant impact on the routine testing of blood samples. For example, oligonucleotides and antibodies can now be designed that generally allow the detection of weak D phenotypes in a sample. Such oligonucleotides, antibodies as well as a variety of diagnostic methods all fall within the scope of the present invention. RhD antigens encoded by the novel nucleic acid molecules may be used for the characterization, standardization and quality control of monoclonal and polyclonal anti-D antisera. Finally, the invention relates to a kit useful for testing for the presence of weak D phenotypes.
Asterixis is a subtype of negative myoclonus characterized by brief, arrhythmic lapses of sustained posture due to involuntary pauses in muscle contraction. We performed a narrative review to characterize further asterixis regarding nomenclature, historical aspects, etiology, pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis, and treatment. Asterixis has been classically used as a synonym for negative myoclonus across the literature and in previous articles. However, it is important to distinguish asterixis from other subtypes of negative myoclonus, for example, epileptic negative myoclonus, because management could change. Asterixis is not specific to any pathophysiological process, but it is more commonly reported in hepatic encephalopathy, renal and respiratory failure, cerebrovascular diseases, as well as associated with drugs that could potentially lead to hyperammonemia, such as valproic acid, carbamazepine, and phenytoin. Asterixis is usually asymptomatic and not spontaneously reported by patients. This highlights the importance of actively searching for this sign in the physical exam of encephalopathic patients because it could indicate an underlying toxic or metabolic cause. Asterixis is usually reversible upon treatment of the underlying cause.
CT Gel is a reformulation of VELAC Gel that contains the same active ingredients (clindamycin 1% and tretinoin 0.025%) in a modified vehicle. The test article was placed on a separate occlusive patch at volumes of 200 µL per patch.
Leukotrienes (LTs) are a group of substances that cause inflammation. They are produced by the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from arachidonic acid. Cysteinyl LTs are a group of lipid molecules that have a prominent role in inflammatory signaling in the allergic diseases. Although they are traditionally known for their role in allergic disease, current advancements in bio-medical research have shed light on the involvement of these inflammatory mediators in diseases such as in the inflammation related to central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Among the CNS diseases, LTs, along with 5-LOX and their receptors, have been shown to be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Through a comprehensive review of current research and experimentation, this investigation provides an insight on the biosynthesis, receptors, and biological effects of LTs in the body. Furthermore, implications of leukotriene signaling in CNS and its intricate role in neurodegeneration are also studied. Through the revelation of these insights, our aim is to establish a foundation for the development of enhanced and focused therapeutic approaches in the continuous endeavor to combat neurodegeneration. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of leukotriene signaling with selective inhibitors offers promising prospects for future interventions and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.