anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and etiology of kidney failure (KF) among children below 15 years of age receiving chronic dialysis in Saudi Arabia and describe their dialysis modalities.
METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 8 August 2022, encompassing all 23 pediatric dialysis centers in Saudi Arabia. Data gathered comprised patient demographics, causes of KF, and the dialysis methods employed. Collected data underwent analysis to determine prevalence of children undergoing chronic dialysis, discern underlying causes of KF, and evaluate distribution of patients across different dialysis modalities.
RESULTS: The prevalence of children on chronic dialysis is 77.6 per million children living in Saudi Arabia, equating to 419 children. The predominant underlying cause of KF was congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT), representing a substantial 41% of cases. Following this, others or unknown etiologies accounted for a noteworthy 25% of cases, with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) comprising 13%, glomerulonephritis at 11%, and congenital nephrotic syndrome contributing 10% to etiological distribution. Regarding dialysis modalities employed, 67% of patients were on peritoneal dialysis (PD), while the remaining 33% were on hemodialysis (HD).
CONCLUSIONS: This first nationwide study of pediatric chronic dialysis in Saudi Arabia sheds light on the prevalence of children undergoing chronic dialysis and underlying causes of their KF, thereby contributing to our understanding of clinical management considerations. This research serves as a stepping stone for the development of national registries.
The newly married women received 16 weekly group sessions and one rapport-building session, while the husbands and mothers-in-law received four group sessions each over four months. The TARANG intervention was delivered via gender-matched moderators from Vikalp Sansthan and uses three overarching themes: sexual and reproductive health, gender norms, and empowerment.
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, with great clinical heterogeneity, high morbidity, and high mortality. At the same time, there are many kinds of infection sources, the pathophysiology is very complex, and the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. An ideal animal model of sepsis can accurately simulate clinical sepsis and promote the development of sepsis-related pathogenesis, treatment methods, and prognosis. The existing sepsis model still uses the previous Sepsis 2.0 modelling standard, which has some problems, such as many kinds of infection sources, poor repeatability, inability to take into account single-factor studies, and large differences from clinical sepsis patients. To solve these problems, this study established a new animal model of sepsis. The model uses intravenous tail injection of a single bacterial strain, simplifying the complexity of multibacterial infection, and effectively solving the above problems.
Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) are abnormal depolarizations during the plateau phase of the action potential, which are known to be associated with lethal arrhythmias in the heart. There are two major hypotheses for EAD genesis based on experimental observations, i.e., the voltage (Vm)-driven and intracellular calcium (Ca)-driven mechanisms. In ventricular myocytes, Ca and Vm are bidirectionally coupled, which can affect each other's dynamics and result in new dynamics, however, the roles of Ca cycling and its coupling with Vm in the genesis of EADs have not been well understood. In this study, we use an action potential model that is capable of independent Vm and Ca oscillations to investigate the roles of Vm and Ca coupling in EAD genesis. Four different mechanisms of EADs are identified, which are either driven by Vm oscillations or Ca oscillations alone, or oscillations caused by their interactions. We also use 5 other ventricular action potential models to assess these EAD mechanisms and show that EADs in these models are mainly Vm-driven. These mechanistic insights from our simulations provide a theoretical base for understanding experimentally observed EADs and EAD-related arrhythmogenesis.
Hyperuricemia is closely linked to obesity. As lifestyles and dietary patterns evolve, the prevalence of hyperuricemia has been on the rise. Bariatric surgery, an efficacious intervention for morbid obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, not only manages the weight of patients with severe obesity but also exerts beneficial therapeutic effects on hyperuricemia and gout. Moreover, it demonstrates substantial efficacy against other obesity-related metabolic conditions. However, the dramatic fluctuations in serum uric acid levels and acute gouty attacks in the immediate postoperative period are issues that should not be overlooked, and effective preventative strategies for some related adverse complications are still underexplored. This review discusses and reviews the advancements in the treatment of obese patients with hyperuricemia through bariatric surgery. By reviewing pertinent literature, it summarizes the short-term and long-term therapeutic outcomes of bariatric surgery for hyperuricemia, as well as common adverse reactions. Furthermore, by discussing preoperative and postoperative interventional measures and influential factors, this review aims to provide novel perspectives for the clinical management of hyperuricemia and offer insights for the prevention of related complications.
BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption is associated with both beneficial and harmful effects, and the role of alcohol consumption in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and CKD or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
METHODS: This study enrolled adults from the second Taiwanese Survey on Prevalences of Hypertension, Hyperglycemia, and Hyperlipidemia, conducted in 2007. Participants were categorized into frequent drinkers, occasional drinkers, and nondrinkers. The amount of alcohol consumption was assessed by standard drinks per week. The primary outcome was the presence of CKD, and the secondary outcome was the eGFR.
RESULTS: Among 3967 participants with a mean age of 47.9 years and a CKD prevalence of 11.7%, 13.8% were frequent drinkers, and 23.1% were occasional drinkers. The average amount of alcohol consumed was 3.3 drinks per week. Frequent drinkers (odds ratio [OR] 0.622, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.443-0.874) and occasional drinkers (OR 0.597 95% CI 0.434-0.821) showed a lower prevalence of CKD than nondrinkers. Consumption of a larger number of standard drinks was associated with a lower prevalence of CKD (OR 0.872, 95% CI 0.781-0.975). Frequent drinkers and those who consumed a larger number of standard drinks per week showed higher eGFRs.
CONCLUSION: Within the range of moderate alcohol intake, those who consumed more alcohol had a higher eGFR and reduced prevalence of CKD. The potentially harmful effects of heavy drinking should be taken into consideration, and alcohol intake should be limited to less than light to moderate levels.
Prematurely born children (PC) at school age have academic difficulties related to poorer attention capabilities. Posner (1990) described three distinct attention functions: Alert (to maintain a vigilance state), Orientation (to select the relevant information) and Inhibition (to resist distraction). Additionally, teachers and parents are often concerned because they move more than term born children; this excessive mobility being often quoted as agitation. Some consider it would be related to a poorer postural control potentially explained by a poorer perception of vertical gravity. Another explanation is that this mobility could be an unconscious way for PC to increase their arousal level to improve their attention performance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the interdependence between postural and cognitive activities in school age PC and term born children (TC). First, the performance of PC and TC at the Attention Network Test for Children will be analyzed evaluating Alert and Inhibition, and its evolution when the infants will use a mobile school chair, compared to a classic school chair. Secondly, participants will perform a test of perception of vertical gravity in which they will have to position a stick vertically. Finally, the spontaneous postural activity of PC and TC (evaluated by the center of pressure displacement measured with a forced plate) will be studied during the execution of three different attention tasks: a vigilance task, a visual search task or an inhibition task at two different levels of difficulty. Success rate and reaction time will be analyzed for all attention tasks. Moreover, center of pressure displacement calculation will allow evaluation of infants' spontaneous mobility, the precision of their postural control and the attention allocated to their posture. Success rate and reaction time will be analyzed for all the attention tasks as well as the angle errors in degree between the stick orientation given by the children and the real vertical. Furthermore, the sway path, the surface area and the entropy of the displacement of CP will be computed to determine respectively the mobility, the precision of the postural control and the attention allocated to the posture of these children.
This clinical trial was conducted at the Dermatology department of Services hospital Lahore. Patients of extensive and treatment resistant Alopecia areata were enrolled after ethical approval and informed consent by non-probability consecutive sampling. Treatment with oral tofacitinib citrate was initiated at 5 mg twice daily for six months after labs and ruling out contraindications. Scalp hair loss was calculated at 4, 12 and 24 weeks using the validated Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score, which ranges from 0% to 100%. Regrowth rate: (initial SALT score - final SALT score)/(initial SALT score) × 100 was noted. Response time (time from initiation of treatment to any sign of hair regrowth) was noted. DLQI of patients before and after treatment were noted. Side effects were noted. Pre- and post-treatment photographs were taken. Patients were followed up for another 6 months to look for relapse.

Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 20. Means were calculated for quantitative variables, frequencies for qualitative data. Data were stratified for the role of effect modifiers.
The primary adverse effects of fluoride are fluorosis of dental enamel and of the skeleton; these effects occur at exposures below those associated with other adverse health effects. The population most at risk for dental fluorosis is children during the period of tooth formation, i.e. from birth to 8 years of age. For this population, the Institute of Medicine established Fluoride Upper Limits of intake based on the risk of dental fluorosis. In populations with permanent dentition, skeletal fluorosis is the greatest risk from excessive fluoride. For this population the Institute of Medicine (IOM) established Fluoride Upper Limits based on the risk of skeletal fluorosis.2

Prescribing physicians and dentists should consider total fluoride exposure (dental care plus food, water and other sources) when prescribing the product for use in children.
Participants in Safety Run-in cohort will receive daratumumab IV and JNJ-63723283 IV for 1 cycle (28 days). Participants will continue to receive study treatment until confirmed disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or any other treatment discontinuation criteria are met. Participants who were previously receiving JNJ-283 plus daratumumab have the opportunity to continue daratumumab therapy alone.
China is a country with a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the number of new cases of HCC every year accounts for more than 50% of the world, while the diagnosis rate of very early and early HCC patients in China only accounts for about 25%, and most patients cannot be operated on. Interventional therapy is an effective alternative for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who are not indicated for surgery. CT or MRI imaging findings are important diagnostic and evaluation criteria for preoperative diagnosis and postoperative efficacy evaluation of TACE. In addition, the recurrence rate of liver cancer is very high, even with radical treatment, the 5-year recurrence rate is still as high as 70%. Therefore, postoperative follow-up and early detection of recurrent lesions by imaging are beneficial to the prognosis and survival benefit. Currently, the main clinical follow-up methods are enhanced CT and non-gadoxetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance examination. Gadoxetic acid is a liver-specific MRI contrast agent for the diagnosis of liver cancer, especially in early stage, or small liver cancer (\<2cm). Compared with enhanced CT alone, the combination of Gadoxetic acid MRI for pre-treatment diagnosis of early-stage HCC significantly improved 4-year survival. Therefore, gadoxetic acid enhanced MRI is very important for the decision making and prognosis of HCC patients. TACE combined with ablative therapy has received clinical attention, which can significantly improve the clinical efficacy and reduce liver function damage. Currently, there are few studies on the survival rate of liver cancer patients receiving TACE combined with ablative therapy with gadoxetic acid enhanced MRI. The study forces on evaluating the changes in survival in patients with liver cancer who were scheduled to receive TACE combined with ablation and regularly followed up, compared with enhanced CT or conventional MRI as imaging assessment (preoperative diagnosis and postoperative follow-up).
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in the progression of chronic kidney diseases (CKD), and inhibition of the RAAS with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARB) may retard CKD progression. Dual pharmacological blockade of the RAAS with ACEI and ARB is recommended as a standard renoprotective management at least in patients with nondiabetic proteinuric CKD. However, neither ACEI nor ARB, even in high doses or in concomitant usage, abrogate the progression of CKD completely. Innovative approaches are needed to keep patients with CKD off dialysis. Additional blockade of the aldosterone pathway may prove to be such beneficial therapeutic concept.Aldosterone, a final effector of RAAS plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of CKD independently of angiotensin II through direct cellular action. This includes promoting an inflammatory response, endothelial dysfunction, and fibrosis by increasing plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) expression and stimulation reactive oxygen species.A number of observations suggest nongenomic vasoconstrictor action of aldosterone leading to raise arterial and glomerular capillary pressure.Given these facts additional administration of aldosterone antagonist to combination treatment with ACEI and ARB, so called triple RAAS blockade may provide additional renal protection. To shed more light on this issue, we performed a randomised open controlled study to evaluate the influence of triple RAAS therapy on surrogate markers of kidney injury, i.e. proteinuria, markers of tubular involvement and kidney fibrosis.
Schizophrenia is a debilitating chronic condition that affects approximately 1 % of Americans, who experience symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorders of thought and movement. These symptoms are described as positive symptoms, because they are experienced in addition to what healthy individuals experience. Negative symptoms, which are reductions in normal functioning, and cognitive deficits, which are problems in thinking, also plague people with schizophrenia. The negative symptoms and cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia are produced in otherwise healthy people by neurotransmitters inhibiting the glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate NMDA receptors in the brain. This inhibition of NMDA receptors also causes intensification of psychotic symptoms in otherwise stabilized schizophrenic patients. The drug D-cycloserine partially excites NMDA receptors, and it has been used to help patients with anxiety disorders to overcome phobias while they are receiving cognitive behavioral therapy. This study will examine whether D-cycloserine can increase the cognitive flexibility of someone undergoing CBT and thereby enhance the therapy's ability to reduce a patient's belief in paranoid delusions, preoccupation with delusions, and related distress.

All participants will be screened to ensure proper diagnosis of schizophrenia without other conditions. Those who pass will be randomly assigned to receive either D-cycloserine first or a placebo pill first. One week after the screening, participants in the D-cycloserine group will be given the drug before a 1-hour session of simulated CBT treatment. Those in the placebo condition will receive a placebo pill before an identical session. Two weeks after the screening, both groups will be called back for another session of CBT, but the pills they receive will be switched. Those who received D-cycloserine the first week will receive placebo, and those who received placebo will receive D-cycloserine. The CBT sessions will attempt to increase cognitive flexibility in patients by asking them to provide alternate explanations for common situations. At screening, at the start of visits on the first and second weeks, and at a follow-up visit on the third week, participants will undergo a series of assessments, including interviews, computerized tests, and self-report measures. Belief in, preoccupation with, and distress caused by delusions, as well as degree of cognitive flexibility, will be assessed.
The utility model discloses an externally applied slow-released solution capsule. Soft capsule bodies are arranged in a cloth bag, and medical imbibition fillers are arranged in the soft capsule bodies. The upper surface of the soft capsule body and the cloth bag is provided with holes with same sizes and quantities, and the outer side of the holes is provided with the nipples of the imbibition fillers. The four angles of the cloth bag are provided with soft cloth bands to fix the cloth bag, and the nipples of the imbibition fillers contact the part of the human body needing treatment intimately. With simple structure and easy use, the utility model can use the ready injection in the western medicine and the purification liquid in the recipe of the Chinese medicine and make the dosage of one day directly inject in the soft capsule body. According to different states of illness, the acupoint slow-released administration and the slow-released administration of direct transdermal infiltration to the pathogenesis part method are adopted, achieving the effects of treating disease and medical treatment. The physic liquor can be absorbed by the body easily, and the utilization ratio of drug is high.
Sevoflurane is associated with a high incidence of emergence agitation in children. The etiology of emergence agitation is unclear. Some studies proposed that emergence agitation was related to a variable rate of neurologic recovery rate in different brain areas and immaturity of neurons. Inhalation anesthetics have been known to exert transient paradoxical excitatory effects in both animals and human patients, especially in children. The gamma(γ)-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor is the target depressant effect site of most anesthetic drugs including sevoflurane. Midazolam acts on the benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA receptors and results in inhibitory effects on the central nervous system. The effect of midazolam premedication, as well as midazolam administration at the end of surgery, on suppressing emergence agitation has been studied. However, the effect of midazolam on emergence agitation is still controversial. This study aims to figure out the effect of midazolam at the end of surgery on emergence agitation during the recovery period, and find out the proper dose of midazolam with minimum disturbance to patient's emergence time.
Diethylaminopropyl 2-ethoxy -4- benzamidobenzoate is prepared by treating diethylaminopropyl 2-ethoxy -4- aminobenzoate with benzoyl chloride. Treatment with acetyl chloride similarly gives diethylaminopropyl 2-ethoxy -4- acetamidobenzoate. Acid addition salts of the products are referred to.ALSO:Anticoccidial compositions comprise a carrier and a compound (or an acid addition salt thereof) of the general formula <FORM:0977093/A5-A6/1> wherein A is a C2-5 alkylene radical having its two free valency bonds in different carbon atoms, R is a C1-5 alkyl or alkenyl group, - NR1R2 is a dialkylamine group (the alkyl radicals having 1-5 carbon atoms) or 1-piperidyl, 4-morpholinyl or 1-pyrrolidyl and R3 and R4 are each a hydrogen atom, a C1-5 alkyl, C1-6 alkanyl or aroyl radical (including p-halobenzoyl).  The carrier may be a poultry feedstuff or conventional materials suitable for the formulation of feed supplements for addition to the feedstuff and concentrates suitable for addition to drinking water.  The compositions may also comprise other known coccidiostats e.g. amprolium, nicarbazin, glycarbylamide, 3,5 - dinitrobenzamide and 2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzamide.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a Mount Taishan cordycep medical base fermented antitussive agent. According to the invention, Mount Taishan cordyceps are adopted as fermentation strains, and adenophora axilliflora is adopted as a constituent of a medical base medium. A liquid state fermentation method is adopted. A fermentation product is then processed, and an antitussive oral liquid is prepared. The antitussive agent brings substantial cough relieving, lung-heat clearing, and phlegm dissipating effects. As a result of experiments, a total effective rate of the antitussive agent reaches above 90%. Therefore, the antitussive agent has a high application value.
<PICT:0469707/III/1> Candles are moulded by pouring material into a tube-like mould a, allowing it to set, and applying the mould to projections c<1>, c<2>, of different heights on a base c, one projection c<1> partly ejecting the article to the exact length required, surplus being cut off, and the other, c<2>, completing the ejection.  The mould may contain a plug b sliding therein and having a recess adapted to form a bevelled end.  After filling, the mould is first placed on the short projection c<1> and prevented from falling to the base by a washer d having a lateral recess d<1> Surplus is cut off, and on removing the washer d, the article is further partially ejected so that a fitting may be placed thereon.  The mould is removed to the projection c<2> to complete the ejection.  The mould a and plug b may be of round, square, hexagonal or other shape in crosssection.  A part c<3> on the projection c<1> may engage a recess in the plug b.