anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of PROZAC for the treatment of bulimia was demonstrated in two 8-week and one 16-week, multicenter, parallel group studies of adult outpatients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia. Patients in the 8-week studies received either 20 or 60 mg/day of PROZAC or placebo in the morning. Patients in the 16-week study received a fixed PROZAC dose of 60 mg/day (once a day) or placebo. Patients in these 3 studies had moderate to severe bulimia with median binge-eating and vomiting frequencies ranging from 7 to 10 per week and 5 to 9 per week, respectively. In these 3 studies, PROZAC 60 mg, but not 20 mg, was statistically significantly superior to placebo in reducing the number of binge-eating and vomiting episodes per week. The statistically significantly superior effect of 60 mg versus placebo was present as early as Week 1 and persisted throughout each study. The PROZAC-related reduction in bulimic episodes appeared to be independent of baseline depression as assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. In each of these 3 studies, the treatment effect, as measured by differences between PROZAC 60 mg and placebo on median reduction from baseline in frequency of bulimic behaviors at endpoint, ranged from 1 to 2 episodes per week for binge-eating and 2 to 4 episodes per week for vomiting. The size of the effect was related to baseline frequency, with greater reductions seen in patients with higher baseline frequencies. Although some patients achieved freedom from binge-eating and purging as a result of treatment, for the majority, the benefit was a partial reduction in the frequency of binge-eating and purging. 

In a longer-term trial, 150 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for Bulimia Nervosa, purging subtype, who had responded during a single-blind, 8-week acute treatment phase with PROZAC 60 mg/day, were randomized to continuation of PROZAC 60 mg/day or placebo, for up to 52 weeks of observation for relapse. Response during the single-blind phase was defined by having achieved at least a 50% decrease in vomiting frequency compared with baseline. Relapse during the double-blind phase was defined as a persistent return to baseline vomiting frequency or healthcare provider judgment that the patient had relapsed. Patients receiving continued PROZAC 60 mg/day experienced a significantly longer time to relapse over the subsequent 52 weeks compared with those receiving placebo.
Glomerular diseases are common causes of end-stage renal failure. Increasing evidence suggests that these glomerulopathies are frequently caused by primary lesions in the renal podocytes. Podocytes are highly specialized glomerular epithelial cells that form the glomerular filtration barrier together with the fenestrated endothelium and the glomerular basement membrane. The podocyte cell body bulges into the urinary space and gives long processes that branch into foot processes, enwrapping the glomerular capillaries. Adjacent podocytes interdigitate with each other at their foot processes which are bridged with a specialized intercellular junction called a slit diaphragm, which is evenly spaced areas covered by slit diaphragm proteins that facilitate podocyte-to-podocyte contact.

Podocytes live under various stresses and pathological stimuli. They adapt to maintain homeostasis, but excessive stress leads to maladaptation and injury. Podocyte injury causes proteinuria, ranging from albuminuria to massive nephrotic syndrome. The integrity of podocytes and their interaction with the glomerular basement membrane is crucial for maintenance of the intact glomerular filtration barrier. Alteration of the intercellular junctions and cytoskeletal structure of podocytes or their detachment from the membrane results in the development of albuminuria. Podocyte density is one of the best predictors of the progression in glomerular diseases. The number of podocytes seems to be very critical for kidney health as the loss of podocytes results in glomerular damage. Thus, the extent of podocyte damage and loss seems to define the progression rate in many kidney disease.

As podocytes have limited ability to repair and/or regenerate, the extent of podocyte injury is a major prognostic determinant in glomerular diseases. Therapies aimed at preventing or limiting podocyte injury and/or at promoting podocyte repair or regeneration therefore have major potential benefits. Podocytes display a remarkable ability to recover from complete effacement and to re-form interdigitating foot processes and intact slit diaphragms after pharmacological intervention.

Podocytes are the main sites of expression of the wilm's tumor suppressor gene, WT1, in the adult. WT1 is a complex gene, which plays an essential role in renal development by controlling the process of mesenchymal to epithelial transition that form the nephron. Adult podocyte maintains both epithelial and mesenchymal features and continue to express high levels of WT1. Several lines of evidence suggest that WT1 may indeed play an important role in the maintenance of normal podocyte function. Mutations in Wilms' tumor 1 cause a wide spectrum of renal manifestations, eventually leading to end-stage kidney failure. WT1 mutations have been found to cause up to 12 % of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in children and young adults, particularly in phenotypic females.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a water/powder type of cosmetic that gives fresh and young feeling to the skin when applied to the skin and, at the same time, keeps the skin moisten, and has excellent water resistance. SOLUTION: This cosmetic comprises a glutamic ester of the formula (X and Y are each a moiety of ester formation with sterol, or a moiety of ester formation with an 8-20C higher liquid alkyl or alkenyl alcohol or a 12-38C higher solid alcohol; COR is an 8-22C long-chain acyl) in a quantity of 0.1-20 pts.wt., preferably 1-10 pts.wt., based on the whole weight of the cosmetic, and furthermore 1-50 pts.wt. of powder components, 20-80 pts.wt. of water, and 0.1-40 pts.wt. of oily components. As a preferable glutamic ester of the formula, for example, di(cholesteryl or 2-octyldodecyl)N-lauroyl-L-glutamate is exemplified, and also, as the powder components, those capable of adsorbing the glutamic esters of the formula are preferable.
Participants visited the Facinglupustogether.com website and participated in consecutive weekly modules for 8 weeks. At the end of each module there were questions pertaining to the subject of each module. The control group answered the questions in provided journals and these were sent back to the investigator. All subjects completed surveys in REDCap prior to the study intervention and again 6 weeks after study completion to assess secondary outcome measures. Medication adherence was assessed by calculating a medication possession ratio by acquiring information on fill dates at the subjects' pharmacies.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for improving the state of a scalp by removing unnecessary lipids well from the scalp.  <P>SOLUTION: The method for improving the state of a scalp by removing unnecessary lipids from the scalp comprises the following steps (1)-(3). Step (1): a step for spreading on a dry scalp a scalp-cleaning composition that contains 50-97 mass% of a rice bran oil and 3-50 mass% of a nonionic surfactant while contains substantially no water. Step (2): a step, after step (1), for washing the scalp and the hair using a shampoo agent containing a surfactant and water and subsequently washing the scalp and the hair with water. Step (3): a step, after step (2), for applying a treatment agent containing a cationic surfactant and water to the hair and subsequently washing the hair with water and drying the hair.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Provided is an exosome production promoting agent that promotes the production of an exosome from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. This exosome production promoting agent promotes the production of an exosome from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured in a serum-free medium, and is characterized by comprising EGF. Further, including IL-1β and trehalose is preferable. It is desirable that SCGF is not included. Culturing with a non-woven fabric sheet as a scaffold is preferable. Exosomes produced in mass according to this technique can be used for the purpose of cosmetic surgery and the like.
Dysfunctional skeletal musculature of the lower limbs is related to low quality of life, exercise intolerance and higher mortality in patients with COPD. Limb muscle dysfunction in COPD consists of muscle atrophy and reduced muscle strength but also intra-muscular alterations in oxidative capacity and mitochondrial function are often present. Moreover, reduced blood flow to exercising muscle may also contribute to the muscle dysfunction in COPD. The mechanisms responsible for muscle dysfunction in COPD patients remain unclear but could be a consequence of reduced lung function, inflammation, medications or low physical activity. Loss of lung function with COPD is normally irreversible so the transition to near-normal lung function after lung transplantation is a unique model to investigate the adaptation of the limb muscle to improved lung function. Thus, the purpose of this project is to investigate the effect of lung transplantation on limb muscle function (mitochondrial function, oxidative enzyme capacity, fiber type distribution, oxygen delivery/uptake) and daily physical activity level in patients with COPD. The project has a translational focus on muscle dysfunction in COPD and uses methodologies from clinical medicine, integrative physiology and molecular biochemistry in order to gain knowledge of mechanisms behind limb muscle dysfunction and exercise intolerance in COPD.
Depression and dementia are the two common psychiatric disorders in the elder subjects. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia and about 20% of them have depression. Depression subjects are associated with more rapid cognitive decline, a poorer response to treatment. Post mortem study showed close relationship between AD and disruptions of the serotonergic system, including loss of serotnergic neurons at brain stem. However, the alternations in presynaptic serotonin function relative to demented or non-demented subjects remain to be investigated in living subjects. In this study, the investigators will collect 40 elder subjects (i.e., age above or equal to 50 years old). The serotonin transporter activity will be compared between subjects with or without dementia using I-123 ADAM images. The single photon emission tomography (SPECT) will be compared to recent (within 6 months) F-18 FDG PET images for further investigation.
Following a phase of baseline pre-treatment testing, speech therapy sessions take place 5 days/week for 3 hours per session during two consecutive weeks. All communicative responses are encouraged during therapy. Following the intensive 2-week treatment, participants are trained in using individualized home practice programs on iPads. They practice approximately daily for six months, checking in weekly with an SLP via videoconferencing software and return for probes monthly. Six months post-treatment testing will take place following completion of the home practice phase and again at 12 months post-treatment.
NEW MATERIAL:The aryl indanyl ether of formula I (X<1> and X<2> are H, lower alkyl or halogen; Y is OH, carboxy or lower acylamino). EXAMPLE:4-Fluorophenyl(6-acetylamino-5-indanyl)ether. USE:It has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, blood platelet coagulation inhibiting, and diuretic activities, and is useful as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antithrombogenetic and diuretic. It has low side effect such as gastric disorder and has high safety. PREPARATION:The phenolic compound of formula II is made to react with the bromonitroindane of formula III in pyridine in the presence of potassium carbonate, catalytic amount of copper powder, and cuprous chloride to obtain the aryl (nitroindanyl) ether of formula IV, which is reduced with hydrogen or stannous chloride to the compound of formula V, and then made to react with a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid anhydride, etc. to obtain the objective compound of formula I.
Transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) is a popular approach to dissect the functional consequence of disease associated non-coding variants. Most existing TWAS use bulk tissues and may not have the resolution to reveal cell-type specific target genes. Single-cell expression quantitative trait loci (sc-eQTL) datasets are emerging. The largest bulk- and sc-eQTL datasets are most conveniently available as summary statistics, but have not been broadly utilized in TWAS. Here, we present a new method EXPRESSO (EXpression PREdiction with Summary Statistics Only), to analyze sc-eQTL summary statistics, which also integrates 3D genomic data and epigenomic annotation to prioritize causal variants. EXPRESSO substantially improves existing methods. We apply EXPRESSO to analyze multi-ancestry GWAS datasets for 14 autoimmune diseases. EXPRESSO uniquely identifies 958 novel gene x trait associations, which is 26% more than the second-best method. Among them, 492 are unique to cell type level analysis and missed by TWAS using whole blood. We also develop a cell type aware drug repurposing pipeline, which leverages EXPRESSO results to identify drug compounds that can reverse disease gene expressions in relevant cell types. Our results point to multiple drugs with therapeutic potentials, including metformin for type 1 diabetes, and vitamin K for ulcerative colitis.
Because clinical trials are conducted under prescribed conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trial may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The adverse reaction information from clinical trials does, however, provide a basis for identifying the adverse reactions that appear to be related to drug use for approximating rates.

The safety data presented in Table 1 (below) reflects exposure to clindamycin phosphate and tretinoin gel in 1,853 patients with acne vulgaris. Patients were 12 years and older and were treated once daily for 12 weeks. Adverse reactions that were reported in ≥ 1% of patients treated with clindamycin phosphate and tretinoin gel were compared to adverse reactions in patients treated with clindamycin phosphate 1.2% in vehicle gel, tretinoin 0.025% in vehicle gel, and the vehicle gel alone:

Cutaneous safety and tolerance evaluations were conducted at each study visit in all of the clinical trials by assessment of erythema, scaling, itching, burning, and stinging:

At each study visit, application site reactions on a scale of 0 (none), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), and 3 (severe), and the mean scores were calculated for each of the local skin reactions. In Studies 1 and 2, 1277 subjects enrolled with moderate to severe acne, 854 subjects treated with clindamycin phosphate and tretinoin gel and 423 treated with vehicle. Analysis over the twelve week period demonstrated that cutaneous irritation scores for erythema, scaling, itching, burning, and stinging peaked at two weeks of therapy, and were slightly higher for the clindamycin phosphate and tretinoin-treated group, decreasing thereafter.

One open-label 12-month safety study for clindamycin phosphate and tretinoin gel showed a similar adverse reaction profile as seen in the 12-week studies. Eighteen out of 442 subjects (4%) reported gastrointestinal symptoms.
AGGREGATE WITH INCREASED DEFORMABILITY, COMPRISING AT LEAST THREEAMPHIPATS, FOR IMPROVED TRANSPORT THROUGH SEMI-PERMEABLEBARRIERS AND FOR THE NON-INVASIVE DRUG APPLICATION IN VIVO,ESPECIALLY THROUGH THE SKINThe application describes combinations of at least three amphipatic substances formingaggregate suspensions in a polar liquid. Judicious choice of system components, whichdiffer at least 2-times to 10-times in solubility, ensures said aggregates to have extended,unusually adaptable surfaces. This is probably due to simultaneous action on saidaggregates of at least two more soluble substances amongst said three systemcomponents, at least one of which is an active ingredient and preferably a drug; the thirdcomponent, alternatively, can take the role of a drug. The application further deals with theuse of said combinations in pharmaceutical preparations capable of transporting drugsinto the body of warm blood creatures. This is made possible by the drug loadingcapability of said aggregates with the highly flexible and deformable coating, whichrenders the resulting drug carriers highly adaptable. The application finally revealssuitable methods and favourable conditions for carrier manufacturing and application. Theapplication also describes novel formulations of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) based on complex aggregates with at least three amphipatic componentssuspended in a suitable, e.g. pharmaceutically acceptable, polar liquid medium.Fig. 5
The subject pool will be comprised of 100 elderly (over 65 years old), male and female subjects who are residing in assisted living center. All subjects will provide written informed consent before participation. For the day prior testing and all testing days subjects will be encouraged to follow standard hydration guidelines for older adults by consuming 1200-2400 ml/day depending upon the body weight of subjects. The application of the HM will follow specific protocol based on the prototype HM user manual for specific anatomic locations. Triplicate measurements will be made for each time-point. All subjects will also be measured for bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and estimation of total body water using a leg-to-leg BIA machine. To examine within-day and between-day variability and reliability of the HM a subgroup (N=25) of the 100 initial subjects will be selected. Within-day reliability will be evaluated by taking multiple measurements (3) during the day. Between-day reliability will include measurements (same time) for three consecutive days for the subgroup of 25 subjects. BIA measures will also be included during each of the time points for both within-day and between-day.
The solvent-free priming compsns. for dentistry contain a photo-polymerisation catalyst and, as pigment, pref. 30-90 wt% ZrO2 and/or WO3, up to 50 wt% of which may be replaced by TiO2. Compsn. use is claimed for covering metal structures in the prodn. of artificial dental crowns and bridges of plastic-faced metal. The compsn. can also be used for coating discoloured natural teeth and for improving damaged teeth replacements of porcelain-faced metal. The priming compsn. hardens quickly by irradiation with visible-or Uv.-light. The hardened layer has high covering power, adheres strongly to the metal surface and strongly bonds the metal to the plastic facing.
Few reports in the literature evaluated the final pathological stage distribution of patients with resectable and operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with clinical stage cN1. These retrospective series demonstrated that patients with computed tomography (CT) based cN1 often had clinically occult mediastinal lymph node metastases (N2/3 disease). Hishida et al. reported that 30% of 143 patients with cN1 were diagnosed N2/3 by mediastinoscopy3. Watanabe et al. reported that 37% of 168 patients with cN1 were diagnosed N2/3 by mediastinoscopy 4. Adding FDG-positron emission tomography (PET) to CT might enable the detection of N2/3 disease among these cN1 patients, but negative PET findings do not necessarily exclude N2/3 disease. Kim et al reported that 19,2 % of 99 patients with cN1, in whom cN2 was ruled out by PET-CT scan, were found to have pathologic N2 disease at pulmonary resection with mediastinal lymph node dissection.5 In conclusion, 20-30% of patients with cN1 nodes on imaging, and normal sized FDG-negative mediastinal lymph nodes on CT and PET have malignant involvement in their mediastinal nodes.

The ACCP guidelines state that invasive preoperative mediastinal staging should be performed in these cN1 patients 6. The updated ESTS guidelines recommend mediastinal staging by echo-endoscopic or mediastinoscopy.1 Non-randomized trials suggested the potential of linear endosonography for mediastinal staging 7-9. However, the patients with cN1 disease form only a minority in these studies. A recently performed prospective ASTER 2 trial (N=100) showed a sensitivity of echo-endoscopic for mediastinal staging of 38% (ITT analysis), while the prevalence of mediastinal nodal disease was 24% (unpublished data Aster 2) 2. The conclusion made by ASTER 2 is that a negative endosonography must be followed by a VAM. However, the investigators consider such double approach not cost-effective in a setting with N2 prevalence \<30%. Therefore, it seems reasonable to perform a VAM instead of an endosonography in cN1 patients, which is one of the proposed strategies in the recent ESTS guidelines.1 However, there is no prospective study to date that assessed the sensitivity, NPV and accuracy of VAM in a well-defined group of cN1 patients.

Several publications have demonstrated a lobe-specific mediastinal nodal drainage for upper versus lower lobe NSCLC. Shapiro et al conclude that in early lung cancer, including cN1 disease, lobe-specific mediastinal dissection is warranted 10. However, in this study the only patient with a positive subcarinal node, upper lobe tumour, and negative superior mediastinal nodes had positive N1 nodes. To the investigators knowledge there is no study focussing on mediastinal nodal dissemination patterns in cN1 patients.
INTRODUCTION: Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) mortality increases when pancreatic necrosis is infected (IPN). Current treatment of IPN relies on prolonged antibiotic therapies associated with a step-up strategy of drainage. The objective of this study was to analyze IPN treatment outcomes in two referral centers in France.
METHODS: Data of consecutive patients with documented IPN hospitalized in two expert centers in France between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The composite primary outcome was the proportion of unsuccessful management outcome, defined as new emergency drainage to treat sepsis with organ failure, an unplanned new antibiotic course, an unplanned prolongation of antibiotic course and/or death by septic shock, within three months following the diagnosis of ANP.
RESULTS: All in all, 187 patients (138 males; 74.0%), with documented IPN were included. The most frequently identified microorganism was Escherichia coli (26.2%). Ninety-eight patients (52.4%) were admitted to an intensive care unit or resuscitation ward within the first two days of ANP care. Overall, 126 patients (67.4%) endured an unsuccessful outcome: new emergency drainage to treat acute sepsis (62.0%), unplanned new antibiotic course (47.1%), unplanned prolongation of antibiotic course (44.9%) and/or death by septic shock complicating IPN (8.0%).
CONCLUSION: The unfavorable evolution in two thirds of patients shows that determination of optimal drainage timing and choice of antibiotic therapy remain major challenges in 2024.