anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The invention comprises substituted oxazolidinones having the formula: <FORM:0969126/C1/1> wherein X represents one of the groups -SR and -SO2R, R being a C1- 6 saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical; and a process for their production comprising reacting, preferably in the presence of an alkaline condensing agent at 80 DEG to 110 DEG C., a hydroxypropylhydrazine of the formula: NH2-NH-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2X II with a dialkyl carbonate (e.g. dimethyl or diethyl carbonate) to produce an amino oxazolidinone having the formula: <FORM:0969126/C1/2> and reacting this product with 5-nitro -2- furfuraldehyde.  Hydroxypropylhydrazines of Formula II are prepared by heating an epoxypropyl compound of the formula: <FORM:0969126/C1/3> with an aqueous hydrazine hydrate solution, or by reacting a chloro-hydroxy-propyl compound having the formula: CH2Cl-CH.OH-CH2X  V with a mixture of hydrazine and an alkali metal hydroxide.  Epoxypropyl compounds of Formula IV are prepared by reacting a chloro-hydroxy-propyl compound of Formula V with an alkali metal hydroxide.  Chloro-hydroxy-propyl compounds of Formula V are prepared by reacting epichlorohydrin with an appropriate mercaptan to form the corresponding sulphide, and, if desired, reacting this compound with hydrogen peroxide to form the sulphone.  Pharmaceutical compositions having bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity comprise an oxazolidinone of the invention together with an acceptable conventional carrier or excipient. They may be in forms suitable for oral or topical administration.
In DB Week 1, participants receive cetuximab 400 mg/m\^2 IV + irinotecan IV at their pre-study dosage. Starting with DB Week 2, participants receive cetuximab 250 mg/m\^2 IV Q1W + irinotecan IV Q1W + DB normal saline (placebo) IV Q1W for up to 32 months of treatment.
Most guidelines have suggested that those nonresponders or partial responders should be considered for a switch, combination or augmentation of treatment. Traditional augmentation agents, lithium, triiodothyronine (T3), buspirone, dopamine agonists, and stimulants have been commonly used for this patient population with limited supporting data. Recently, augmentation of atypical antipsychotics with antidepressant therapy has become a more commonly accepted treatment practice. This strategy has proven to be useful for enhancement of antidepressant effect, showing increased remission rates and early treatment effects on core depressive symptoms, and comorbid symptoms as well as antidepressant- mediated side effects (e.g., sexual dysfunction). Although, we have some limited treatment options to treat such patients as described above, it is not clear which treatment option would be best or acceptable for those patients in clinical practice yet.

Among above augmentation agents, aripiprazole is the first drug approved by U.S. FDA. as an augmentation therapy to antidepressants in the treatment of patients with MDD showing imminent efficacy and reliable safety profile through adequately-powered well-designed controlled clinical trials.
SUBUTEX or SUBOXONE is administered sublingually as a single daily dose in the range of 12 to 16mg/ day. When taken sublingually, SUBOXONE and SUBUTEX have similar clinical effects and are interchangeable. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies using SUBOXONE as initial medication. SUBUTEX contains no naloxone and is preferred for use during induction. Following induction, SUBOXONE, due to the presence of naloxone, is preferred when clinical use includes unsupervised administration. The use of SUBUTEX for unsupervised administration should be limited to those patients who cannot tolerate SUBOXONE, for example those patients who have been shown to be hypersensitive to naloxone.
BACKGROUND: Learning from rewarded and punished choices is perturbed in depressed patients, suggesting that abnormal reinforcement learning may be a cognitive mechanism of the illness. However, previous studies have disagreed about whether this behavior is produced by alterations in the rate of learning or sensitivity to experienced outcomes. This previous work has generally assessed learning in response to binary outcomes of one valence, rather than to both rewarding and punishing continuous outcomes.
METHODS: A novel drifting reward and punishment magnitude reinforcement-learning task was administered to patients with current (n = 40) and remitted depression (n = 39), and healthy volunteers (n = 40) to capture potential differences in learning behavior. Standard questionnaires were administered to measure self-reported depressive symptom severity, trait and state anxiety and level of anhedonic symptoms.
RESULTS: Our findings demonstrate that patients with current depression adjust their learning behaviors to a lesser degree in response to trial-by-trial variations in reward and loss magnitudes than the other groups. Computational modeling revealed that this behavioral signature of current depressive state is better accounted for by reduced reward and punishment sensitivity (all p < 0.031), rather than a change in learning rate (p = 0.708). However, between-group differences were not related to self-reported symptom severity or comorbid anxiety disorders in the current depression group.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that current depression is associated with reduced outcome sensitivity rather than altered learning rate. Previous findings reported in this domain mainly from binary learning tasks seem to generalize to learning from continuous outcomes.
The prospective, multi-center, single-blind, parallel, randomized controlled non-inferiority trial design is adopted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the real-time endoscopic near infrared fluorescence image provided by the LED light source system for endoscope by evaluating at least one main extrahepatic bile duct (common bile duct and ductuli hepaticus communis). The trial will be carried out in 5 centers, with the competitive grouping mode adopted. Totally 220 patients to receive laparoscopic cholecystectomy will be involved (110 patients for each of the control group and the test group). The subjects, after signing the informed consent form approved by the Ethics Committee, will be screened by the investigators. Qualified subjects who meet all the inclusion criteria and do not meet any of the exclusion criteria will be randomly divided into the control group or the test group. For the subjects in the control group, the Pinpoint Endoscopic Fluorescence Imaging System commercially available will be used for operation. For subjects of the test group, the LED light source system for endoscope will be used for operation. On the operation date, investigators will evaluate the display performance of the device by judging whether at least one main extrahepatic bile duct (common bile duct and ductuli hepaticus communis) is displayed. During the follow-up period, the investigators will evaluate the safety of the device based on the results of vital signs, physical examination, blood routine examination, routine urine examination, blood biochemistry and 12-lead ECG.
Endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) for varicose veins is associated with high initial occlusion rates, minimal complications and low recurrence rates at 5 years. Randomized trials and meta-analyses have confirmed the efficacy of EVLT in comparison with surgery and other endovenous techniques. There is also evidence that it may be associated with early quality of life (QoL) benefits compared with surgery. The general efficacy of EVLT has therefore been demonstrated and current research focuses on refinement of the procedure. A fundamental question concerns the management of residual varicosities following truncal laser ablation. One approach is to leave these varicosities to regress untouched, minimizing the procedure time and surgical trauma6. This approach, however, is associated with a significant number of secondary and tertiary interventions (sclerotherapy and/or ambulatory phlebectomy). Another option is to combine in a single procedure ambulatory phlebectomy with initial truncal laser ablation (EVLTAP). The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the advantages of performing ambulatory phlebectomy as a concomitant procedure to truncal laser ablation.
Standard weekly treatments with radiation oncologist and nurse. All control patients offered intervention at end of 8-week course of radiotherapy.
The investigators will have 40 healthy subjects who will undergo one day of treatment with sham tACS. All participants received active and sham stimulation in a randomized order.
Subjects will receive single IV bolus injection of \[11C\]-GSK2256098 over about 30 seconds. Each unit dose will contain up to 500 millibecquerel (MBq) of \[11C\]-GSK2256098 with maximum \[11C\]-GSK2256098 mass \<=10 microgram (mcg).
MK-1602 1 mg tablet orally for 3 doses: Dose 1 at the onset of a moderate or severe migraine (Day 1), Dose 2 in the evening of Day 3 and Dose 3 on Day 4. After 2 hours participants were able to take rescue medication if necessary.
Several hematologic traits have been suggested to potentially contribute to the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IA). The purpose of this study is to explore the causal association between hematologic traits and the risk of IA. To explore the causal association between hematologic traits and the risk of IA, we employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Two independent summary-level GWAS data were used for preliminary and replicated MR analyses. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary method in the MR analyses. The stabilities of the results were further confirmed by a meta-analysis. In the preliminary MR analysis, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.0047), basophil count (p = 0.0219) had a suggestive inverse causal relationship with the risk of aneurysm-associated subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The monocyte percentage of white cells (p = 0.00956) was suggestively positively causally correlated with the risk of aSAH. In the replicated MR analysis, only the monocyte percentage of white cells (p = 0.00297) remained consistent with the MR results in the preliminary analysis. The hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and basophil count no longer showed significant causal relationship (p > 0.05). Meta-analysis results further confirmed that only the MR result of monocyte percentage of white cells reached significance in the random effect model and fixed effect model. None of the 25 hematologic traits was causally associated with the risk of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (uIA). This study revealed a suggestive positive association between the monocyte percentage of white cells and the risk of aSAH. This finding contributes to a better understanding that monocytes/macrophages could participate in the risk of aSAH.
Hormones are a chemical substance synthesized and secreted by endocrine gland. They are used by multicellular organism to organize, coordinate, and regulate multiple functions of cells and tissues in the body. They are considered as chemical messenger molecules that send signals from one cell to another within or between various body parts. Hormones are responsible for regulating many physiological processes and behavioral activities such as growth and development of the body, metabolism, homeostasis of intracellular and extracellular fluid, and reproduction. Several vital hormones, including Mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and Estradiol (E2), play crucial roles in regulating female sexual function. The phase I clinical study named " Single-group, open-label clinical trial, evaluating the safety and efficacy of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for early sex hormone deficiency in middle-aged people" showed that AD-MSC therapy for patients with hormone deficiency is safe, can improve the sexual quality of life in both men and women. A significant statistical increase of testosterone levels was observed in male patients at 3-month, 6-month and 12-month. In female patients, the FSFI was 20.70 at baseline and increased to 27.1 at 12 months after AD-MSC infusion (p\<0.05). There were no significant changes in AMH, FSH, or E2 infusion compared to baseline in the 16 enrolled patients. Within those under 45 years old, FSH and E2 tended to increase at 3 months after ADSC infusion and decreased at the follow-up after 6 and 12 months. Therefore, this phase II trial to evaluate efficiency of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells therapy in treatment of female patients with sexual function impairment.
Astrocytes are abundantly and ubiquitously expressed cell types with diverse functions throughout the central nervous system. Astrocytes show remarkable plasticity and exhibit morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the central nervous system, as evident in neurodegenerative diseases. Astroglial mediated inflammation plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. This review focus on the role of astrocytes as essential players in neuroinflammation and discuss their morphological and functional heterogeneity in the normal central nervous system and explore the spatial and temporal variations in astroglial phenotypes observed under different disease conditions. This review discusses the intimate relationship of astrocytes to pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, this review considers the putative therapeutic strategies that can be deployed to modulate the astroglial functions in neurodegenerative diseases. HIGHLIGHTS: Astroglia mediated neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Activated astrocytes exhibit diverse phenotypes in a region-specific manner in brain and interact with β-amyloid, tau, and α-synuclein species as well as with microglia and neuronal circuits. Activated astrocytes are likely to influence the trajectory of disease progression of neurodegenerative diseases, as determined by the stage of disease, individual susceptibility, and state of astroglial priming. Modulation of astroglial activation may be a therapeutic strategy at various stages in the trajectory of neurodegenerative diseases to modify the disease course.
The invention relates to a cholesteryl-carboxymethyl Curdlan nanometer particle and a preparing method. Cholesterol and carboxymethyl Curdlan are used as raw materials. The carboxyl of the carboxymethyl Curdlan is activated by 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) firstly, and then reacts with the cholesterol to be synthesized. The mole proportion of the carboxymethyl Curdlan to the cholesterol to EDC to NHS is 1:(0.2-5):1:5. The prepared amphipathic polymer is beneficial to preparing nanometer particles and entrapping hydrophobic drugs. The invention has the advantages of simple preparing method, good reproducibility, high drug entrapping efficiency and easy industrial production, the drug entrapping particle can greatly prolong the action time of the drugs in human bodies, obviously change the distribution of the drugs in different organs, and achieve the functions on reducing toxic or side effect, prolong the circulation time in the human bodies and enhances the biological availability of the drugs.
Evaluations in the neonatal period become extremely important in terms of early diagnosis, medical follow-up, and planning of necessary interventions. Considering the sensitive and unstable physiological conditions of term and preterm babies who need neonatal intensive care, the tests to be used in the evaluation should be of valid, reliable, and easily applicable standards. There are various neuromotor and neurobehavioral scales according to the purpose of use in the evaluation of the baby. These scales are used to detect disorders of the infant's central nervous system function, examine the relationship between neuromotor and behavioral functions, determine the risk of complications that may be encountered in the future, monitor the infant's development, and determine the effectiveness of the interventions. While rating scales focus on examining all aspects of behavioral performance, they provide a comprehensive assessment of higher neurological functions. These scales are used in the follow-up of premature babies receiving care in the neonatal intensive care unit and to determine the differences that may occur in their neurobehavioral development. It is stated that more specific neurological examinations are required for the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental problems that the premature baby may encounter in the long term or the evaluation of general movements (GMs) provides better predictive value. In addition, the fact that premature babies continue to mature by compensating for the deficiencies in the newborn period thanks to their high neuroplasticity ability makes it difficult to predict the neurobehavioral status of premature babies precisely. Although the scales used so far give information about the neuromotor progression of a single baby, it is thought that they are not sufficient to distinguish babies from each other. Today, it is thought that no evaluation battery will adapt to the knowledge of their conditions and the functional development of babies. Therefore, our study aims to reveal the applicability and psychometric properties of the Neonatal Infant Motor Assessment Scale (NIMAS) test, which reveals the neurological and motor performance of infants hospitalized in the NICU, both as automatic responses and functional behavior.
Hairdressers are constantly occupationally exposed to many chemicals have the potential to cause allergies and carcinogenic effects, act as skin and eye irritants and induce oxidative stress and DNA damage. This study aimed to evaluate occupation-induced genotoxicity based on the presence of micronucleus (MN) and other nuclear anomalies in urothelial cells and measure oxidative DNA damage based on the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine level in the urine of Turkish hairdressers. Originality of this study comes from that there was no study on MN and other nuclear anomalies frequencies and oxidative DNA damage in urine samples of hairdressers in the literature. The mean±standard deviation frequency (‰) of micronucleated (MNed) cells was higher in the hairdresser group (n=56) (4.81±7.87, p<0.001) than in the control group (n=56) (0.93±1.85). Nuclear buds were not observed in either group. While the frequency of basal cells was higher in the control group (446.6±106.21) than in the hairdresser group (367.78±101.51, p<0.001), the frequency of binuclear, karyolytic, pycnotic and karyorrhectic cells were higher in the hairdresser group (0.41±0.80, p<0.001; 438.02±118.27, p<0.001; 0.43±0.76, p<0.001; and 47.27±28.40, p<0.001) than in the control group (0.04±0.27, 358.57±95.71, 0.05±0.23 and 24.41±14.50). Condensed chromatins were observed only in the hairdresser group. Specific gravity adjusted 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine level was statistically lower in the hairdresser group (908.21±403.25 ng/mL-SG) compared to the control group (1003.09±327.09 ng/mL-SG) (p=0.024). No significant correlation was found between the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine level and the frequency MN. The amount of formaldehyde released during Brazilian keratin treatment was higher than the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists -Threshold Limit Value (ACGIH-TLV; 0.1 ppm). Similarly, the amount of ethyl acetate released in three salons was above the recommended limit (400 ppm). These findings suggest that hairdressers have an increased risk of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity owing to occupational exposure, regardless of age, working hours, smoking and alcohol consumption.
Language users rely on both linguistic and conceptual processing abilities to efficiently comprehend or produce language. According to the principle of rational adaptation, the degree to which a cognitive system relies on one process vs. another can change under different conditions or disease states with the goal of optimizing behavior. In this study, we investigated rational adaptation in reliance on linguistic versus conceptual processing in aphasia, an acquired disorder of language. In individuals living with aphasia, verb-retrieval impairments are a pervasive deficit that negatively impacts communicative function. As such, we examined evidence of adaptation in verb production, using parallel measures to index impairment in two of verb naming's critical subcomponents: conceptual and linguistic processing. These component processes were evaluated using a standardized assessment battery designed to contrast non-linguistic (picture input) and linguistic (word input) tasks of conceptual action knowledge. The results indicate that non-linguistic conceptual action processing can be impaired in people with aphasia and contributes to verb-retrieval impairments. Furthermore, relatively unimpaired conceptual action processing can ameliorate the influence of linguistic processing deficits on verb-retrieval impairments. These findings are consistent with rational adaptation accounts, indicating that conceptual processing plays a key role in language function and can be leveraged in rehabilitation to improve verb retrieval in adults with chronic aphasia.
Cases of retroperitoneal fibrosis, pulmonary infiltrates, pleural effusion, pleural thickening, pericarditis, and cardiac valvulopathy have been reported in some patients treated with ergot-derived dopaminergic agents. While these complications may resolve when the drug is discontinued, complete resolution does not always occur.

Although these adverse reactions are believed to be related to the ergoline structure of these compounds, whether other, non–ergot-derived dopamine agonists, such as ropinirole, can cause them is unknown.

Cases of possible fibrotic complications, including pleural effusion, pleural fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, and cardiac valvulopathy have been reported in the development program and postmarketing experience for ropinirole. In the clinical development program (N = 613), 2 patients treated with ropinirole extended-release tablets had pleural effusion. While the evidence is not sufficient to establish a causal relationship between ropinirole and these fibrotic complications, a contribution of ropinirole cannot be excluded.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are metabolic by-products of cells, and abnormal changes in their levels are often associated with tumor development. Our aim was to determine the role of collagen and calcium binding EGF domain 1 (CCBE1) in oxidative stress and tumorigenesis in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC). We investigated the tumorigenic potential of CCBE1 in NSCLC using in vitro and in vivo models of CCBE1 overexpression and knockdown. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the expression of CCBE1 in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues. Cell counting Kit 8, clonal formation, wound healing, and transwell experiments showed that CCBE1 gene knockdown significantly inhibited the migration, invasion, and proliferation of NSCLC cell lines. In terms of mechanism, the silencing of CCBE1 can significantly promote the morphological abnormalities of mitochondria, significantly increase the intracellular ROS level, and promote cell apoptosis. This change of oxidative stress can affect cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating the phosphorylation level of ERK/JNK/P38 MAPK. Specifically, the downregulation of CCBE1 inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK/P38 and promotes the phosphorylation of JNK in NSCLC, and this regulation can be reversed by the antioxidant NAC. In vivo experiments confirmed that downregulating CCBE1 gene could inhibit the growth of NSCLC in BALB/c nude mice. Taken together, our results confirm the tumorigenic role of CCBE1 in promoting tumor invasion and migration in NSCLC, and reveal the molecular mechanism by which CCBE1 regulates oxidative stress and the ERK/JNK/P38 MAPK pathway.