anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The present invention provides nitrogen-containing fused cyclic derivatives represented by the following general formula or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or prodrugs thereof, which exhibit an excellent inhibitory activity in human SGLT and are useful as agents for the prevention or treatment of a disease associated with hyperglycemia such as diabetes, postprandial hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetic complications or obesity, in the formula one of R1 and R4 represents a group represented by the following general formula (S) (in which R5 and R6 represent H, OH, a halogen atom, etc. ; Q represents an alkylene group etc. ; and ring A represents an aryl group etc.), and the other represents H, OH, an amino group, etc.; R2 and R3 represent H, OH, an amino group, a halogen atom, and an optionally substituted alkyl group, etc.; A1 represents O, S, etc.; A2 represents CH or N; G represents a group represented by the following general formula (G-1) or (G-2) (E1 represents H, F or OH; and E 2 represents H, F, a methyl group, etc.), and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and pharmaceutical uses thereof.     (see formula I)
The recruited subject with surgery/pathology proved periprosthetic joint infection will undergo total four PET scans at two different stages. At first stage, subsequent FDG PET/CT and Ga68 citrate PET/CT scans on different two days will be arranged before infective prosthesis is removed. Eight to twelve weeks after the 1st stage operation, patient will receive two subsequent PET/MR scans using Ga-68 Citrate and FDG on different two days, respectively. For the subject without surgery/pathology proved infection, PET/MR scans will NOT be applied.
Adjuvant chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidines and Oxaliplatin is the current worldwide standard of care for stage III colorectal cancer (CRC). This regimen leads to significant cost, toxicity, and patient inconvenience. Oxaliplatin induces two distinct forms of neuropathy: a common acute syndrome that is transient (dysesthesia, contractures and numbness) and a dose-limiting chronic sensory neurotoxicity that is cumulative. Neurotoxicity is common; it affects 80% of patients and becomes chronic in 15-20% of cases, sometimes irreversibly. Chronic neurotoxicity can severely affect everyday life activities. To date, neuromodulators agents have failed to prevent neurotoxicity and Stop \& Go strategies, intended to decrease the cumulative dose of Oxaliplatin administrated, are more appropriate for palliative treatment of advanced CRC. Recent data support the plausibility of a shorter duration of adjuvant treatment without loss of efficacy. This hypothesis is tested in several international trials.

Cytotoxic chemotherapy is usually scaled to the body surface area (BSA), and is currently not adjusted to the body proportions of lean and fat (i.e. body composition) of individual patients. The impact of body composition on drug metabolism is however well known: i.e. anesthetics accumulate in adipose tissue and specific precautions are essential to avoid overdose. Concerning chemotherapies, the lean body mass (LBM) may be the salient feature defining drug metabolism. A theme is emerging from recent studies: in patients with breast cancer and treated with 5-FU (whose dosage was calculated from the body surface), severe depletion of the LBM is a powerful predictor of excessive toxicity. Indeed, depletion of the LBM, as precisely defined by computed tomography, is a unique predictor of clinically unacceptable toxicity. Low LBM was shown to be a significant predictor of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) in CRC patients administered 5-FU using a conventional BSA-based dosing and DLT was concentrated in patients receiving \>20 mg 5FU/kg LBM. Two cohorts of CRC patients treated with Oxaliplatin showed that overall DLTs, and specifically Oxaliplatin-due neuropathy, occurred mostly in patients who receive \> 3.09 mg/Oxaliplatin/kg LBM. Although, preliminary findings are available in hepatocellular carcinoma, the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) of Sorafenib cancer therapy was doubled in patients with depleted LBM (102.4 vs. 53.7ng/mL.h), which seem of interest. Patients with low muscle mass behave like patients "overdosed" with chemotherapy resulted in dose-limiting toxicities (e.g. dose reductions, treatment delays or permanent treatment discontinuation), independently of the patient's weight.
Prior to starting NEUPOGEN in patients with suspected chronic neutropenia, confirm the diagnosis of severe chronic neutropenia (SCN) by evaluating serial CBCs with differential and platelet counts‚ and evaluating bone marrow morphology and karyotype. The use of NEUPOGEN prior to confirmation of a correct diagnosis of SCN may impair diagnostic efforts and may thus impair or delay evaluation and treatment of an underlying condition‚ other than SCN‚ causing the neutropenia.

The recommended starting dosage in patients with Congenital Neutropenia is 6 mcg/kg as a twice daily subcutaneous injection and the recommended starting dosage in patients with Idiopathic or Cyclic Neutropenia is 5 mcg/kg as a single daily subcutaneous injection.

Dosage Adjustments in Patients with Severe Chronic Neutropenia

Chronic daily administration is required to maintain clinical benefit. Individualize the dosage based on the patient's clinical course as well as ANC. In the SCN postmarketing surveillance study, the reported median daily doses of NEUPOGEN were: 6 mcg/kg (congenital neutropenia), 2.1 mcg/kg (cyclic neutropenia), and 1.2 mcg/kg (idiopathic neutropenia). In rare instances, patients with congenital neutropenia have required doses of NEUPOGEN greater than or equal to 100 mcg/kg/day.

Monitor CBCs for Dosage Adjustments

During the initial 4 weeks of NEUPOGEN therapy and during the 2 weeks following any dosage adjustment‚ monitor CBCs with differential and platelet counts. Once a patient is clinically stable‚ monitor CBCs with differential and platelet counts monthly during the first year of treatment. Thereafter, if the patient is clinically stable, less frequent routine monitoring is recommended.
The invention discloses fluorescent chelator compounds that are especially useful to monitor and measure cytosolic concentrations of alkali metal cations such as Na+, K+, and Li+.  Particularly, the present invention relates to an aza-crown ether of the formula:               wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification.  The crown ethers may or may not have substituent groups attached to the core carbons, but will always contain at least one core nitrogen.  The crown ethers are linked via the core nitrogen(s) to at least one fluorophore that contains an additional heteroaromatic liganding center.  In the currently preferred dye, SBFI, the core compound is crown ether 1,7-diaza-4,10,13-trioxacyclopentadecane and the heteroaromatic fluorophores are benzofurans that are linked to isophthalate groups. Selectivities for Na+ over K+ of about 20 are observed, resulting in effective dissociation constants for Na+ of about 20mM against a background of 120 mM K+.  Increasing [Na+] increases the ratio of excitation efficiency at 330-345 nm to that at 370-390 nm with emission collected at 450-550 nm, so that ratio fluorometry and imaging work at the same wavelengths as used with the well-known Ca2+ indicator fura-2.  If the macrocyclic ring is increased in size to a 1,10-diaza-4,7,13,16- tetraoxacyclooctadecane, the chelators become selective for K+ over Na+.  If the ring is decreased in size, for example to a 1,7-diaza-4, 10-dioxacyclododecane, the chelators become selective for Li~ over Na+.
Patients in the centre-based training group will perform all trainings sessions under direct supervision of a physical therapist specialized in CR. Training sessions will be performed on an cycle ergometer, starting with a warm up phase of 5 min, followed by 50 min of cycling at 70-85% of the maximal HR and a cooling down period of 5 min. During the training period, physical therapists will record attendance, training duration and actual training intensity. After the 12-week training period patients receive individual advice from their physical therapist on physical activities.
Low bone mineral density (BMD) is commonly reported in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Oral and intravenous calcium, vitamin D and bisphosphonates have been commonly used to treat BMD, but their efficiency is may be inadequate due to limited absorption and compliance. Denosumab represent a new drug, which helped to prevent osteoclast development and activation, hence decreased bone resorption in some studies. The aim of the study was to assess its value in chronic intestinal failure patients receiving HPN.

Between November 2011 and March 2013 denosumab was administered to 16 HPN patients (9 F, 7 M mean age 55.4) with intestinal failure. Regional dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of spine and hip were performed before the therapy was initiated, and after 12 months. BMD, T-score and Z-score were measured.
Participants will be identified within UC Irvine urogynecology and/or pelvic floor physical therapy practice with the underlying diagnosis of pelvic floor tension myalgia. This diagnosis may be secondary to various underlying etiologies including interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, vulvodynia, endometriosis, adhesive disease, unknown etiology, etc. At the time of enrollment, participants will be randomized into one of two groups: either standard pelvic floor physical therapy with weekly saline placebo injections or standard pelvic floor physical therapy and weekly pudendal blocks for 6 weeks. Standard physical therapy techniques will be utilized in both groups. Weekly injections of a mixture of a steroid and local anesthetic or saline will be administered depending on the randomization. Injections will be administered by a urogynecology physician. The participant and the treating physical therapist will be blinded to treatment assignment. The participant will be evaluated with for pelvic floor muscle strength and tenderness and will have pain assessed by a visual analog scale at baseline, weekly throughout the study, and at 6 months after study enrollment. Vaginal electromyography will be performed and standardized questionnaires regarding pelvic floor symptoms, quality of life and sexual function will be administered at baseline, after 6 weeks of injections and at 6 months after enrollment.
This is a prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled, multi-center study for subjects undergoing PU treatment. Qualified subjects will be randomized (1:1); test group (PRP Concepts Fibrin Bio-Matrix) and control group (usual and customary practice). The study will consist of 3 periods: a screening period, an active treatment period, and a follow-up period (if healed). Approximately 250 subjects will be enrolled. Subjects will be ≥18 years of age with a PU (greater than 4 weeks duration). Each subject will be enrolled in the active treatment period for up to 12 weeks, or to closure of wound with a confirmatory visit 2 weeks after wound closure, whether such closure occurs at 12 weeks or earlier.
INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent reproductive endocrinopathy in women, ranging from 5% to 26% depending on diagnostic criteria applied. Common manifestations of PCOS include overweight and obesity, abnormal menstrual cycles, pelvic pain, increased facial and body hair, acne, and infertility. These abnormalities and associated complications have significant military operational and readiness implications. There is a large gap in research regarding active duty servicewomen (ADW) with PCOS. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe ADW's experience of living with PCOS and to describe the service-branch-specific differences among these women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Moderator's guide, audiotapes, transcripts, and field notes. This was a qualitative descriptive study using focus groups and individual interviews. The David Grant Medical Center Institutional Review Board at Travis AFB, CA, USA, approved the study protocol. Women with PCOS were recruited from U.S. Air Force, Army, and Navy locations. Data were analyzed using constant comparative content analysis.
RESULTS: Twenty-three servicewomen from 19 occupations across the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps participated. Three overarching categories emerged: (1) challenges managing PCOS symptoms, (2) navigating the military health care system, and (3) navigating PCOS as a service member.
CONCLUSIONS: Servicewomen may have significant career consequences related to PCOS sequelae, such as overweight, obesity, uncontrolled menstrual cycle, and pain. Managing the myriad of symptoms can distract women while deployed, in austere conditions, or at their home stations. As one of the most common cardiometabolic, reproductive endocrinologic conditions in women, PCOS has not received the attention, awareness, education, or research necessary to sufficiently support ADW with this condition. It is imperative that evidence-based strategies are developed to inform relevant and high-quality care for these warfighters. Future qualitative studies are needed to further describe specific stressors and needs of ADW with PCOS. Future intervention studies are also needed to evaluate effective management options for ADW with PCOS.
Accelerated telomere shortening is associated with age-related diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). We aimed to determine the relative telomere length (TL) in leukocytes and cartilage of patients with primary knee OA and to investigate factors that may affect TL in OA. Relative TL measurements were performed using qPCR in leukocytes of 612 individuals (310 patients with primary knee OA undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and 302 unaffected controls). We also analysed cartilage in 57 of the 310 OA patients, measuring relative TL in severely affected and less affected (control) cartilage collected from the same knee. Cartilage TLs were compared to leukocyte TLs in all 57 patients. A significant sex-by-disease-status interaction was found in regard to relative TL. Controlling for age, the average difference of leukocyte TL between female OA patients versus female controls was 0.217 units greater than that between male OA patients versus male controls (95% CI; [0.014, 0.421]). Relative TL comparison of severely and less affected cartilage samples from the same joint showed attrition of telomeres corresponding to disease severity (0.345 mean TL difference with 95% CI of [0.151, 0.539]) in the joint. We also noted that both severely and less affected cartilage had shorter telomeres than leukocytes collected from the same patient. Severe and moderate pain in OA patients was associated with shorter TL in leukocytes, but there was no association with depression or smoking in leukocytes and cartilage. Our study indicates that sex is an important factor in OA contributing to leukocyte and cartilage TL and that pain in OA shows an inverse association only with leukocyte TL.
Myocardial infarction (MI) and the ensuing heart failure (HF) remain the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the strategies to combat MI and HF lies in the ability to accurately predict the onset of these disorders. Alterations in mitochondrial homeostasis have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this regard, perturbations to mitochondrial dynamics leading to impaired clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria have been previously established to be a crucial trigger for MI/HF. In this study, we found that MI patients could be classified into three clusters based on the expression levels of mitophagy-related genes and consensus clustering. We identified a mitophagy-related diagnostic 5-genes signature for MI using support vector machines-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of the predictive model at 0.813. Additionally, the single-cell transcriptome and pseudo-time analyses showed that the mitoscore was significantly upregulated in macrophages, endothelial cells, pericytes, fibroblasts and monocytes in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, while sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) exhibited remarkable increase in the infarcted (ICM) and non-infarcted (ICMN) myocardium samples dissected from the left ventricle compared with control samples. Lastly, through analysis of peripheral blood from MI patients, we found that the expression of SQSTM1 is positively correlated with troponin-T (P < 0.0001, R = 0.4195, R2 = 0.1759). Therefore, this study provides the rationale for a cell-specific mitophagy-related gene signature as an additional supporting diagnostic for CVDs.
Parasitic diseases remain a major global health problem for humans. Parasites employ a variety of strategies to invade and survive within their hosts and to manipulate host defense mechanisms, always in the pathogen's favor. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound nanospheres carrying a variety of bioactive compounds, were shown to be released by the parasites during all stages of the infection, enabling growth and expansion within the host and adaptation to frequently changing environmental stressors. In this review, we discuss how the use of existing nanotechnologies and high-resolution imaging tools assisted in revealing the role of EVs during parasitic infections, enabling the quantitation, visualization, and detailed characterization of EVs. We discuss here the cases of malaria, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis as examples of parasitic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Unraveling the EVs' role in the NTD pathogenesis may enormously contribute to their early and reliable diagnostic, effective treatment, and prevention.
Cirrhosis due to Hepatitis C presents a rather difficult treatment problem as many cannot tolerate interferon, the previous standard of treatment. The new direct acting antivirals have provided these patients with a new hope. One such combination is sofosbuvir (SOF) 400 mg and daclatasvir (DCV) 60 mg given once daily with or without weight-based ribavirin (RBV) for 12 or 24 weeks. The current recommendation for cirrhotics is SOF/DCV/RBV for 24 weeks but that recommendation is based on the lack of data for shorter periods. In order to evaluate the response rate to the combination of SOF/DCV/RBV the investigators decided to treat 100 HCV cirrhotics with this combination for 12 weeks. Subjects include genotype 1 and 3 patients, the prevalent genotypes in Iran. Patients with Model for End stage Liver Disease (MELD) \> 20 are excluded. The investigators will calculate the sustained viral response rate at 12 weeks (SVR12).
The present invention provides a new antisense oligonucleotides for the treatment of premature labor, premature rupture of the fetal membranes, premature cervical dilation and effacement, preeclampsia, endometriosis, rheumatoid arthritis, ARDs, and glomerulitis. The drugs are antisense oligonucleotides which attenuate the expression of either the mRNA encoding the cyclooxygenase protein or the mRNA encoding the thromboxane A2 synthase protein. Once the mRNA encoding for cyclooxygenase is inhibited, the production of cyclooxygenase is inhibited thereby inhibiting the production of the cyclooxygenase products such as prostaglandins and thromboxane. Thus, the antisense oligonucleotides provide novel therapy for the treatment of diseases involving cyclooxygenase products, prostaglandins and thromboxane metabolism. Such diseases include immunological, reproductive, cardiovascular, dermatologic, central nervous system disorders in which the release of cyclooxygenase products effects the genesis and progression of the disease. A second object of the invention is to provide new reagents for the research and study of the diseases involving cyclooxygenase products.
Our genomes influence nearly every aspect of human biology-from molecular and cellular functions to phenotypes in health and disease. Studying the differences in DNA sequence between individuals (genomic variation) could reveal previously unknown mechanisms of human biology, uncover the basis of genetic predispositions to diseases, and guide the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic agents. Yet, understanding how genomic variation alters genome function to influence phenotype has proved challenging. To unlock these insights, we need a systematic and comprehensive catalogue of genome function and the molecular and cellular effects of genomic variants. Towards this goal, the Impact of Genomic Variation on Function (IGVF) Consortium will combine approaches in single-cell mapping, genomic perturbations and predictive modelling to investigate the relationships among genomic variation, genome function and phenotypes. IGVF will create maps across hundreds of cell types and states describing how coding variants alter protein activity, how noncoding variants change the regulation of gene expression, and how such effects connect through gene-regulatory and protein-interaction networks. These experimental data, computational predictions and accompanying standards and pipelines will be integrated into an open resource that will catalyse community efforts to explore how our genomes influence biology and disease across populations.
It is an epidemiologic, observational, prospective study. All patients, included in the LIFT cohort, in 3 to 4 year old during the period study, are contacted by mail. Patientswith congenital anomalies or genetic syndromes are excluded. Children with parents who do not speak French are excluded. Antenatal and postnatal criteria known to be associated with disorders of executive functions are collected as, gestational age, sex, multiple pregnancy, intrauterine growth retardation, antenatal or postnatal steroid use, breastfeeding, cerebral injuries and socio-economic status. After a couple of weeks, parents are contacted by a study manager, by phone call, to collect parental consent and answer parental questions. After consent collect, BRIEF questionnaires are sending. If they wish, parents could give the BRIEF teacher questionnaire to the mean teacher. Teachers send by themselves their response. An informatic version is available with a personal link given especially by mail for each child. All data are anonymous. BRIEF questionnaire is composed of 63 items, exploring 2 main domains: behavior and metacognition. Twenty minutes are necessary to complete questionnaire. In case of no questionnaire return after one month, parents are contacted by phone. The investigators hypothesize a lost to follow-up at 0.25 and no response at 0.35. The response expected is 300 questionnaires.
Most malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) detect Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) and PfHRP3, but deletions of pfhrp2 and phfrp3 genes make parasites undetectable by RDTs. We analyzed 19,313 public whole-genome-sequenced P. falciparum field samples to understand these deletions better. Pfhrp2 deletion only occurred by chromosomal breakage with subsequent telomere healing. Pfhrp3 deletions involved loss from pfhrp3 to the telomere and showed three patterns: no other associated rearrangement with evidence of telomere healing at breakpoint (Asia; Pattern 13-TARE1); associated with duplication of a chromosome 5 segment containing multidrug-resistant-1 gene (Asia; Pattern 13-5++); and most commonly, associated with duplication of a chromosome 11 segment (Americas/Africa; Pattern 13-11++). We confirmed a 13-11 hybrid chromosome with long-read sequencing, consistent with a translocation product arising from recombination between large interchromosomal ribosome-containing segmental duplications. Within most 13-11++ parasites, the duplicated chromosome 11 segments were identical. Across parasites, multiple distinct haplotype groupings were consistent with emergence due to clonal expansion of progeny from intrastrain meiotic recombination. Together, these observations suggest negative selection normally removes 13-11++pfhrp3 deletions, and specific conditions are needed for their emergence and spread including low transmission, findings that can help refine surveillance strategies.