anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Occlusion (cuff inflation to a pressure that reduces blood flow) using a blood pressure cuff on the upper arm for 5 mins followed by recovery (cuff deflation so blood flows normally gain), is known as ischemic preconditioning (IPC). An intervention consisting of 4 cycles of 5 min arm occlusion followed by 5 min periods of recovery on a daily basis can improve blood vessel function. This is a simple and easily applicable intervention that immediately improves the blood vessels capacity to deliver blood to an organ (e.g. heart or the muscle). However, it is currently unknown if a daily IPC can improve blood vessel function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and if it will aid in improving blood glucose control. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate if daily IPC for 7 days can improve blood vessel function and blood glucose control in T2DM.

This randomised control trial consists of 3 visits to Liverpool John Moores University; before intervention, immediately following intervention, and 8 days following the end of the intervention. Participants will be trained to apply the IPC device and then perform it at home daily for 7 days.
The present invention relates to a lipid compound, which can be used alone or in combination with other lipid components such as neutral lipids, charged lipids, steroids, and/or analogs thereof, and/or polymer conjugated lipids, so as to form lipid nanoparticles for delivering a therapeutic agent and/or preventive agent. In some embodiments, the lipid nanoparticles are used for delivering nucleic acids, for example, messenger RNA and/or antisense RNA. A method for treating and/or preventing various diseases by using the described lipid nanoparticles is also provided. In one embodiment, a compound having the following formula (I) structure is provided: or a salt or an isomer thereof or an N-oxide thereof, wherein R1 and R2 as defined herein also provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more compounds represented by the foregoing structural formula (I) and a therapeutic agent and/or preventive agent. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises one or more components selected from among neutral lipids, charged lipids, steroids, and polymer conjugated lipids. The described compositions are useful for forming lipid nanoparticles for delivering a therapeutic agent and/or preventive agent. In other embodiments, the present invention provides a method for administering a therapeutic agent and/or preventive agent to a subject in need thereof. The method comprises preparing a pharmaceutical composition comprising lipid nanoparticles containing a compound represented by structural formula (I) and a therapeutic agent and/or preventive agent, and delivering the composition to a subject.
This invention relates to a palatable elemental nutritional formula that is nutritionally complete for humans with specialized dietary needs. The nutritional of the present invention uses specific free amino acids to provide the source of amino nitrogen (protein equivalents) and a special blend of fats that provides 38 to 50 % of the total calories in a pleasant tasting formula. The nutritionally complete formula of this invention is useful for children having multiple protein allergies, short gut syndrome, sick gut, diarrhea and the like. More specifically, the nutritional product, in accordance with this invention, utilizes L-asparagine monohydrochloride and L-glutamine in place of L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid, respectively. In addition, the source of fat comprises soy, fractionated coconut oil (medium chain triglycerides), high oleic safflower oil and esterified glycerol emulsifiers. The level of fat calories is about 38 to 50 % of total calories, which produces a product having a low osmolarity and provides required energy requirements in a small volume.
Subjects under anesthesia that are expected to stay for at least 24 hours in the ICU/NICU will be monitored by the PMD-200 device. An EEG monitor device will be connected to the patient and display the Spectral Edge Frequency (SEF) signals and values on the subject monitor.
The cohort of 60-years olds (60YO) was established with the aim to study CVD etiology and consists of 4,232 men and women aged 60 years who were randomly selected from Stockholm County and with baseline examination during 1 year in 1997-98. The study participants underwent a health examination, completed a questionnaire, and donated blood samples.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject stable liquid preparation capable of suppressing discoloring as well as lowering of pharmacodynamic effects due to decomposition of noscapine by light and heat by including a polyhydric alcohol in an oral pharmaceutical liquid preparation containing noscapine. SOLUTION: This liquid preparation contains (B) a polyhydric alcohol [preferably glycerol or glycol (e.g. propylene glycol) and sugar alcohol (preferably one or more sugar alcohols selected from D-sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol and lactinol) in an amount of 1-2,000 pts.wt., preferably 30-500 pts.wt., more preferably 100-300 pts.wt. based on 1 pt.wt. of an oral pharmaceutical liquid preparation containing noscapine [2-methyl-8-methyoxy-6,7-methylenedioxy-1-(6,7- dimethoxy-3-phthalidyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoqinoline]. The daily dose of the liquid preparation is about 30-120 mg.
The study is designed as a randomized- controlled trial. It will be carried out on women suffering from stress urinary incontinence referred after urology consultations to the Physiotherapy Clinic in Soad Kafafy hospital.

UI, particularly SUI, affects up to 28% of the population and occurs during activities like coughing or sneezing due to inadequate urethral closure pressure. The pelvic floor muscles play a critical role in supporting pelvic organs and maintaining continence. Pelvic floor dysfunction is a significant contributor to SUI. Postural dysfunction can increase mechanical stress and lead to pelvic floor dysfunction. Postural re-education techniques aim to correct imbalances and improve pelvic floor muscle activity, potentially alleviating SUI symptoms by restoring muscle efficiency and enhancing continence.
Azor. There are no studies of Azor in patients with renal impairment.

Olmesartan medoxomil. Changes in renal function may be anticipated in susceptible individuals treated with olmesartan medoxomil as a consequence of inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In patients whose renal function may depend upon the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (e.g., patients with severe congestive heart failure), treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists has been associated with oliguria or progressive azotemia and (rarely) with acute renal failure and/or death. Similar effects may occur in patients treated with Azor because of the olmesartan medoxomil component [See Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

In studies of ACE inhibitors in patients with unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis, increases in serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) have been reported. There has been no long-term use of olmesartan medoxomil in patients with unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis, but similar effects would be expected with olmesartan medoxomil and Azor.
BACKGROUND: Hypoalbuminemia is common in heart failure (HF) patients; however, there are no data regarding the possible long-term prognostic role of serum albumin (SA) in the younger population with chronic HF without malnutrition. The aim of this study was to examine the long-term prognostic role of SA levels in predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in middle-aged outpatients with chronic HF.
METHODS: In the present retrospective analysis, 378 subjects with HF were enrolled. MACE (non-fatal ischemic stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, cardiac revascularization or coronary bypass surgery, and cardiovascular death), total mortality, and HF hospitalizations (hHF) occurrence were evaluated during a median follow-up of 6.1 years.
RESULTS: In all population, 152 patients had a SA value < 3.5 g/dL and 226 had a SA value ≥ 3.5 g/dL. In patients with SA ≥ 3.5 g/dL, the observed MACE were 2.1 events/100 patient-year; while in the group with a worse SA levels, there were 7.0 events/100 patient-year (p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis model confirmed that low levels of SA increase the risk of MACE by a factor of 3.1. In addition, the presence of ischemic heart disease, serum uric acid levels > 6.0 mg/dL, chronic kidney disease, and a 10-year age rise, increased the risk of MACE in study participants. Finally, patients with SA < 3.5 g/dl had a higher incidence of hHF (p < 0.001) and total mortality (p < 0.001) than patients with SA ≥ 3.5 g/dl.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic HF that exhibits low SA levels show a higher risk of MACE, hHF and total mortality.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI) are a type of cancer treatment. Unlike traditional chemotherapy and radiation, which damages both the cancer and the healthy tissue, ICPI targets cancer directly by altering the immune system. Cancer cells produce high levels of protein called checkpoint proteins, which bind to white blood cells (which are part of the immune system) and stops them from working. Effectively the cancer is pushing a stop button on the immune system and the body can no longer fight it off. ICPIs block and remove these cancer checkpoint proteins, which allows the immune system to target the cancer again removing this stop button.

ICPI has great success in treating cancer and 10% of oncology NHS patients receive this treatment, although this number is increasing. However, ICPI carries a risk of a type of side effect called immune related adverse events (irAE). irAEs can be life threatening and present with similar symptoms to the patient's cancer. For example, a patient may have kidney cancer and after treatment with ICPI develop kidney failure. It is difficult for the doctor to tell if this is the cancer progressing or a side effect of the treatment. Delays in diagnosing irAE can lead to unnecessary hospitalisation, unnecessary breaks in treatment, lifelong side-effects, and death.

Currently there is not a unified blood test panel for ICPI patients, and the cancer societies have produced little guidance for the doctors to use. At Portsmouth what blood tests you get as an ICPI patient depend on which clinician you see. There is also little research as researchers are focussing on using blood tests to predict ICPI treatment success rather than the chance of a patient developing an irAE.

This study intends to collect leftover blood from routine clinical blood draws from oncology patients being treated with ICPIs for the first time. The investigators will freeze the leftover samples and test them a month later for different routine blood tests as well as malondialdehyde. Malondialdehyde is a blood test that can assess the body's oxidative stress level, a condition where your body lacks antioxidants. Testing for malondialdehyde is not available in the NHS and we would produce a new NHS blood test as part of this study. Once testing is completed the samples will be destroyed as per our normal protocol. At the end of the study, blood test results will be correlated to the patient's outcome i.e., did they have an irAE or not and assess if there are any differences in their blood test results. From this information the study hopes to understand which blood tests help to highlight if a patient is at a risk of developing irAE before it occurs. It also aims to develop a new method for measuring malondialdehyde.
The invention discloses a medicament for treating diabetes and a preparation method of the medicament. The medicament is prepared from, by weight, 18- 20 parts of nepenthes, 10-14 parts of yam, 8-12 parts of anoectochilus roxburghii, 8-12 parts of spirulina, 7-9 parts of balausstine, 7-9 parts of persea americana mill, 7-9 parts of astragalus, 5-7 parts of malva verticillata, and 5-7 parts of echinopanax elatus nakai. The preparation method comprises the steps of crushing the materials into powder, sieving the powder with 40- to 80-mesh sieve and then mixing. The medicament has a good therapeutic effect on type I diabetes and type II diabetes. The medicament has accurate efficacy, no toxic and side effects, safety and reliability, and the preparation method is simple, and easy to use. In 280 clinical treatment cases, the total effective rate is up to 90%.
Diarrhea is a common problem caused by antibiotics which usually ends when the antibiotic is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibiotics, patients can develop watery and bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever) even as late as two or more months after having taken the last dose of the antibiotic. If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible.

Photosensitivity manifested by an exaggerated sunburn reaction has been observed in some individuals taking tetracyclines. Patients apt to be exposed to direct sunlight or ultraviolet light should be advised that this reaction can occur with tetracycline drugs, and treatment should be discontinued at the first evidence of skin erythema. This reaction has been reported with use of minocycline.

Patients who experience central nervous system symptoms should be cautioned about driving vehicles or using hazardous machinery while on minocycline therapy (See WARNINGS). 

Concurrent use of tetracycline with oral contraceptives may render oral contraceptives less effective (See Drug Interactions). 

Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including minocycline hydrochloride capsules should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When minocycline hydrochloride capsules are prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by minocycline hydrochloride capsules or other antibacterial drugs in the future.

Unused supplies of tetracycline antibiotics should be discarded by the expiration date.
There have been no clinical efficacy studies conducted with DUETACT. However, the efficacy and safety of the separate components have been previously established. The coadministration of pioglitazone and a sulfonylurea, including glimepiride, has been evaluated for efficacy and safety in two clinical studies. These clinical studies established an added benefit of pioglitazone in glycemic control of patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes while on sulfonylurea therapy. Bioequivalence of DUETACT with coadministered pioglitazone and glimepiride tablets was demonstrated at the 30 mg/2 mg and 30 mg/4 mg dosage strengths [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. 

Two clinical trials were conducted with pioglitazone in combination with a sulfonylurea. Both studies included patients with type 2 diabetes on any dose of a sulfonylurea, either alone or in combination with another antidiabetic agent. All other antidiabetic agents were withdrawn at least three weeks prior to starting study treatment.

In the first study, 560 patients were randomized to receive 15 mg or 30 mg of pioglitazone or placebo once daily for 16 weeks in addition to their current sulfonylurea regimen. Treatment with pioglitazone as add-on to sulfonylurea produced statistically significant improvements in HbA1c and FGP at endpoint compared to placebo add-on to sulfonylurea (Table 15). 

In the second trial, 702 patients were randomized to receive 30 mg or 45 mg of pioglitazone once daily for 24 weeks in addition to their current sulfonylurea regimen. The mean reduction from baseline at Week 24 in HbA1c was 1.6% for the 30 mg dose and 1.7% for the 45 mg dose (see Table 16). The mean reduction from baseline at Week 24 in FPG was 52 mg/dL for the 30 mg dose and 56 mg/dL for the 45 mg dose.

The therapeutic effect of pioglitazone in combination with sulfonylurea was observed in patients regardless of the sulfonylurea dose.
The utilization of a minimally invasively placed catheter-mounted intravascular micro-axial flow blood pump (IMFBP) is increasing in the population with advanced heart failure. The current development of IMFBPs dates back around the 1990s, namely the Hemopump with a wire-drive system and the Valvopump with a direct-drive system. The wire-drive IMFBPs can use a brushless motor in an external console unit to transmit rotational force through the drive wire rotating the impeller inside the body. The direct-drive IMFBPs require an ultra-miniature and high-power brushless motor. Additionally, the direct-drive system necessitates a mechanism to protect against blood immersion into the motor. Therefore, the direct-drive IMFBPs can be categorized into two types of devices: those with seal mechanisms or those with sealless mechanisms using magnetically coupling. The IMFBPs can be classified into two groups depending on their purpose. One group is for cardiogenic shock following a heart attack or for use in high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and the other group serves the purpose of acute decompensated heart failure. Both direct-drive IMFBPs and wire-drive IMFBPs have their own advantages and disadvantages, and efforts are being made to develop and improve, and clinically implement them, leveraging their own strengths. In addition, there is a possibility that innovative new devices may be invented. For researchers in the field of artificial heart development, IMFBPs offer a new area of research and development, providing a novel treatment option for severe heart failure.
The efficacy of NOCDURNA in the treatment of adults with nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria was established in two 3-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trials in adults over 18 years of age. Study 1 enrolled only women and Study 2 enrolled only men. At baseline, patients were required to document at least two nocturnal voids per night in a consecutive 3-day diary collected during screening. Randomization for studies 1 and 2 was stratified by age group (<65 vs. ≥65 years). Subjects with severe daytime voiding dysfunction and other possible causes of nocturia (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea) were excluded.

In Studies 1 and 2, the mean age was approximately 60 years and the ethnic/racial distribution was approximately 80% Caucasian, 20% African American, and 1% Asian.

In Study 1, a total of 237 women with nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria were randomized to receive either sublingual NOCDURNA 27.7 mcg (n=121) or placebo (n=116) every night approximately 1 hour prior to bedtime for 3 months. In Study 2, a total of 230 men with nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria were randomized to receive sublingual NOCDURNA 55.3 mcg (n=102) or placebo (n=128) every night approximately 1 hour prior to bedtime for 3 months. Nocturnal polyuria was defined as nighttime urine production exceeding one-third of the 24-hour urine production confirmed with a 24-hour urine frequency/volume chart.

The co-primary efficacy endpoints in each trial were 1) the change in number of nocturia episodes per night from baseline during the 3-month treatment period, and 2) 33% responder status during three months of treatment. A 33% responder was defined as a subject with a decrease of at least 33% in the mean number of nocturnal voids compared to baseline.

Many conditions can cause nocturia. The efficacy and safety of NOCDURNA have not been established for the treatment of all causes of nocturia. NOCDURNA is indicated only for patients who have nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria.

The results for the co-primary efficacy endpoints among patients with nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria are shown in Table 5.

To help interpret the clinical meaningfulness of the efficacy findings, results of the additional analyses for the percentage of nights during the 3-month treatment period with no nocturia and the percentage of nights during the 3-month treatment period with at most one nocturia episode, are displayed in Table 6.
Reduced stress and relaxation positively contribute to patient healing after surgery (1). Reduction of stress associated with surgery is even more important in children, for whom a traumatic experience can have even more damaging and long-lasting effects (2). One stress-reduction technique of current interest is music. In global studies outside of the surgical realm, music has been shown to reduce heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and stress hormone levels as well as alleviate anxiety (3).

Evidence has also been found that listening to music pre-operatively in both adult and pediatric cases can reduce patients' stress and anxiety levels before surgery (3,7) Of the studies that have addressed the benefits of pre-operative music, however, none have assessed the impact of pre-operative music on stress levels during induction. In addition, almost all prior studies of the benefits of perioperative music have assessed the effect of only one style of music on each patient group. This set-up is beneficial in eliminating variables within the study design, but it fails to consider the individuality of each patient and what he/she might find to be relaxing. This study aims to assess the effect of music (selected by the pediatric patient from one of several pre-compiled playlists) played pre-operatively and during induction on patient stress levels.
The invention discloses a naringenin oral mucosa agent containing multiple components and a preparation method thereof. The medicine comprises a medicine-carrying layer, wherein the medicine-carrying layer comprises 1-50 parts of naringenin, 0-5 parts of borneol, 0-3 parts of glycyrrhetinic acid and 50-95 parts of a film forming agent in parts by mass. The naringenin oral mucosa agent containing multiple components prepared by the invention belongs to an amorphous state, solves the defect that naringenin is difficult to dissolve in water in dissolution, and can obtain films with different dissolution rates according to requirements. The addition of vitamins enhances the therapeutic effect on oral ulcers. The upper layer of the double-layer film agent is a medicine carrying layer, which is stuck to the inner wall of the oral cavity or the affected part in the oral cavity and can be continuously dissolved out to the affected part for action. The process solves the problem that two incompatible solution systems are simultaneously subjected to one-step electrospinning to form a film, so that the multi-component film agent is obtained. The curative effect is realized by selecting the polymer, so that one component is quickly dissolved out within 5 minutes to release and relieve symptoms, and the other component is relatively slowly released to achieve the effect of continuous treatment.
Participants will be encouraged to self-monitor 4 specific behaviors daily: 1) measuring their food; 2) measuring their physical activity; 3) recording their food, drink, and physical activity; and 4) monitoring their weight. To achieve this aim, participants will attend a single group-based educational session at baseline during which they will be provided the self-monitoring equipment (scale and Garmin vivofit) and receive training about how to use the Lilypad scale and smartphone food tracking app.