anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Wheat grain endosperm is mainly composed of proteins and starch. The contents and the overall composition of seed storage proteins (SSP) markedly affect the processing quality of wheat flour. Polyploidization results in duplicated chromosomes, and the genomes are often unstable and may result in a large number of gene losses and gene rearrangements. However, the instability of the genome itself, as well as the large number of duplicated genes generated during polyploidy, is an important driving force for genetic innovation. In this study, we compared the differences in starch and SSP, and analyzed the transcriptome and metabolome among Aegilops sharonensis (R7), durum wheat (Z636) and amphidiploid (Z636×R7) to reveal the effects of polyploidization on the synthesis of seed reserve polymers.
RESULTS: The total starch and amylose content of Z636×R7 was significantly higher than R7 and lower than Z636. The gliadin and glutenin contents of Z636×R7 were higher than those in Z636 and R7. Through transcriptome analysis, there were 21,037, 2197, 15,090 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the three comparison groups of R7 vs Z636, Z636 vs Z636×R7, and Z636×R7 vs R7, respectively, which were mainly enriched in carbon metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis pathways. Transcriptome data and qRT-PCR were combined to analyze the expression levels of genes related to storage polymers. It was found that the expression levels of some starch synthase genes, namely AGP-L, AGP-S and GBSSI in Z636×R7 were higher than in R7 and among the 17 DEGs related to storage proteins, the expression levels of 14 genes in R7 were lower than those in Z636 and Z636×R7. According to the classification analysis of all differential metabolites, most belonged to carboxylic acids and derivatives, and fatty acyls were enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, niacin and nicotinamide metabolism, one-carbon pool by folate, etc. CONCLUSION: After allopolyploidization, the expression of genes related to starch synthesis was down-regulated in Z636×R7, and the process of starch synthesis was inhibited, resulting in delayed starch accumulation and prolongation of the seed development process. Therefore, at the same development time point, the starch accumulation of Z636×R7 lagged behind that of Z636. In this study, the expression of the GSe2 gene in Z636×R7 was higher than that of the two parents, which was beneficial to protein synthesis, and increased the protein content. These results eventually led to changes in the synthesis of seed reserve polymers. The current study provided a basis for a greater in-depth understanding of the mechanism of wheat allopolyploid formation and its stable preservation, and also promoted the effective exploitation of high-value alleles.
Following oral administration of enalapril maleate, peak serum concentrations of enalapril occur within about one hour. Based on urinary recovery, the extent of absorption of enalapril is approximately 60 percent. Enalapril absorption is not influenced by the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract. Following absorption, enalapril is hydrolyzed to enalaprilat, which is a more potent angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor than enalapril; enalaprilat is poorly absorbed when administered orally. Peak serum concentrations of enalaprilat occur three to four hours after an oral dose of enalapril maleate. Excretion of enalapril is primarily renal. Approximately 94 percent of the dose is recovered in the urine and feces as enalaprilat or enalapril. The principal components in urine are enalaprilat, accounting for about 40 percent of the dose, and intact enalapril. There is no evidence of metabolites of enalapril, other than enalaprilat.

The serum concentration profile of enalaprilat exhibits a prolonged terminal phase, apparently representing a small fraction of the administered dose that has been bound to ACE. The amount bound does not increase with dose, indicating a saturable site of binding. The effective half-life for accumulation of enalaprilat following multiple doses of enalapril maleate is 11 hours. The disposition of enalapril and enalaprilat in patients with renal insufficiency is similar to that in patients with normal renal function until the glomerular filtration rate is 30 mL/min or less. With glomerular filtration rate ≤30 mL/min, peak and trough enalaprilat levels increase, time to peak concentration increases and time to steady state may be delayed. The effective half-life of enalaprilat following multiple doses of enalapril maleate is prolonged at this level of renal insufficiency (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Enalaprilat is dialyzable at the rate of 62 mL/min.

Studies in dogs indicate that enalapril crosses the blood-brain barrier poorly, if at all; enalaprilat does not enter the brain. Multiple doses of enalapril maleate in rats do not result in accumulation in any tissues. Milk of lactating rats contains radioactivity following administration of 14C-enalapril maleate. Radioactivity was found to cross the placenta following administration of labeled drug to pregnant hamsters.
BICX104 is an eroding implantable pellet that contains 1 g naltrexone and 11 mg magnesium stearate that will be inserted subcutaneously. It will be administered once for 84 days.
A method for managing pain of a patient includes operating, by a patient computing device, an electrotherapy device communicatively coupled to the patient computing device through a patient facing application. The method may further include collecting a plurality of patient information passively from the electrotherapy device and the patient facing application, and actively from a user input. The method may further include transmitting the plurality of patient information from the patient facing application to a patient information database for analysis. The method may further include receiving a therapy recommendation from the patient information database, wherein the therapy recommendation comprises at least one new therapy session parameter. The method may further include displaying the therapy recommendation to a user of the patient computing device through the patient facing application on the patient computing device. Systems and computer readable medium with stored instructions to manage pain of a patient are also disclosed.
In the active group, the intervention is carried out using Hi-tACS with an intensive current of 15mA and a frequency of 77.5 Hz. Each intervention session lasts for 40 minutes, with two sessions conducted daily - one in the morning and one in the afternoon. The intervention is spread over a 10-day period, with sessions taking place five days per week, totaling two weeks.
PURPOSE: An anti-fatigue composition containing chitooligosaccharide is provided to be variously used in health foods or the medicinal field. CONSTITUTION: An anti-fatigue composition contains chitooligosaccharide lactate as an active ingredient. The molecular weight of chitooligosaccharide is 700-90,000. The composition is a health food composition or pharmaceutical composition. The content of chitooligosaccharide is 10-90 weight%. A method for preparing chitooligosaccharide comprises: a step of pulverizing crab and shrimp shells and desalinating; a step of removing protein and impurities to obtain chitin; a step of performing deacetylation to obtain chitosan; and a step of performing chemical or enzyme decomposition of chitosan.
The vascular occlusion test (VOT) procedure was conducted twice in each patient, before and 15 min after intrathecal injection. An near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor (INVOSTM 5100C Cerebral/Somatic Oximeter; Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was attached to the patient's gastrocnemius muscle. A tourniquet (A.T.S ® 3000 Automatic Tourniquet System; Zimmer Inc., Warsaw, IL, USA) was applied to the thigh and inflated to a pressure value 50 mmHg over the patient's baseline systolic blood pressure in the leg and maintained for 5 min. After a 5-min ischemic period, the tourniquet was rapidly deflated to 0 mmHg. The tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) data was continuously recorded during the VOT procedure. After confirmation of spinal anesthesia using cold sensitivity, the VOT procedure was repeated in the same manner as mentioned above. The occlusion slope and recovery slope were calculated based on the measured StO2 data. The occlusion slope was defined as the descending slope of StO2 value until it reached the minimum value. The recovery slope was calculated from the deflation of the tourniquet until the recovery of StO2 to the maximum value.
BACKGROUND: Non-culprit plaque progression is associated with recurrent cardiac ischemic events and worse clinical outcomes. Given that atherosclerosis is a systemic disease, the pancoronary characteristics of patients with rapid plaque progression are unknown. This study aims to identify pancoronary plaque features in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with and without rapid plaque progression, focused on the patient level.
METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 2017 to July 2019, 291 patients underwent 3-vessel optical coherence tomography imaging at the time of the primary procedure and a follow-up angiography interval of 12 months. The final analysis included 237 patients. Overall, 308 non-culprit lesions were found in 78 STEMI patients with rapid plaque progression, and 465 non-culprit plaques were found in 159 STEMI patients without rapid plaque progression. These patients had a higher pancoronary vulnerability (CLIMA-defined high-risk plaque: 47.4% vs. 33.3%; non-culprit plaque rupture: 25.6% vs. 14.5%) and a significantly higher prevalence of other vulnerable plaque characteristics (i.e., lipid-rich plaque, cholesterol crystal, microchannels, calcification, spotty calcification, and thrombus) at baseline versus those without rapid plaque progression. Lesions with rapid progression were highly distributed at the LAD, tending to be near the bifurcation. In multivariate analysis, age ≥ 65 years was an independent predictor of subsequent rapid lesion progression at the patient level, whereas microchannel, spotty calcification, and cholesterol crystal were independent predictors for STEMI patients ≥65 years old.
CONCLUSIONS: STEMI patients with subsequent rapid plaque progression had higher pancoronary vulnerability and commonly presented vulnerable plaque morphology. Aging was the only predictor of subsequent rapid plaque progression.
Within 25 years, the US population aged 65 and over will double in size to 80 million bringing, with it an epidemic of aging-related cognitive decline, from normal cognitive aging to neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's Disease. These conditions impair quality of life and functional status, impose an enormous burden on individuals, their families, the healthcare system, and require elucidation of mechanisms and development of new treatments to prevent or at least slow their progression. The use of plant-based food and drink for health purposes has a long and well-documented history. Cocoa beans contain a substance that has multiple beneficial health effects. In this study, the investigators will test the effect of this substance on brain structures and cognitive outcomes in a 12-week randomized controlled trial of 146 healthy participants, age 50-69, who will receive this cocoa derivative or a placebo. The investigators also will examine the role of inflammation in this relationship. Such a trial has potential for significant clinical impact.
Students will be screened for infection using a higher sensitivity malaria rapid diagnostic test and treated if positive. Treatment will be with DP (females less than 10 years old and all males) or chloroquine (females 10 years old or older).
Subjects will receive single dose of GW823296 on Day 1 followed by a wash-out period of 1 week. The subjects will then be administered GW823296 for 28 days in the repeat dosing period.
Virtual Reality (VR) VR is an intervention that aim to improve balance of the elders. It stimulates the auditory and visual function and concentration of the participants throughout the training. It composed of 10 games that included weight shifting from side to side, stepping into different directions, trunk flexion, extension and side bending, movements of the upper and lower limbs, and trunk twisting in this study.
Current treatment modalities for uveitis associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis have not been beneficial in the juvenile population. A new approach for treating patients with presumed autoimmune disorders is oral tolerance therapy. Chicken type II collagen (Colloral) is being developed as an oral tolerance therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. This open label pilot study will describe the safety of chicken type II collagen added to current anti-inflammatory medications as treatment for patients with uveitis associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The primary ophthalmic outcomes of this study will be a change from baseline in the number of anterior chamber cells and the number and dosage of anti-inflammatory medications. Secondary outcomes for JRA will include change in physician's global assessment, parent/patient assessment of overall well-being, functional assessment, number of joints with active arthritis, number of joints with limited range of motion, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Secondary outcomes for uveitis will include change in visual acuity, vitreous haze, and anterior chamber flare.
Within 17 days (preferably within 14 days) days after IV over 30 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 3 weeks for 18 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the study and MRI or CT on study.
OBJECTIVE: Glucocorticoid (GC) overuse is strongly associated with steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SINFH). However, the underlying mechanism of SINFH remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of dexamethasone (Dex)-induced oxidative stress on osteocyte apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS: Ten patients with SINFH and 10 patients with developmental dysplasia of the hips (DDH) were enrolled in our study. Sixty rats were randomly assigned to the Control, Dex, Dex + N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), Dex + Dibenziodolium chloride (DPI), NAC, and DPI groups. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine edema in the femoral head of rats. Histopathological staining was performed to assess osteonecrosis. Immunofluorescence staining with TUNEL and 8-OHdG was conducted to evaluate osteocyte apoptosis and oxidative damage. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to detect the expression of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4. Viability and apoptosis of MLO-Y4 cells were measured using the CCK-8 assay and TUNEL staining. 8-OHdG staining was conducted to detect oxidative stress. 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining was performed to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 in MLO-Y4 cells was analyzed by Western blotting. Multiple comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
RESULTS: In patients and the rat model, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining revealed a significantly higher rate of empty lacunae in the SINFH group than in the DDH group. Immunofluorescence staining indicated a significant increase in TUNEL-positive cells and 8-OHdG-positive cells in the SINFH group compared to the DDH group. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 proteins in SINFH patients compared to DDH patients. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining showed a significant increase in the proportion of NOX2-positive cells compared to the Control group in the femoral head of rats. In vitro, Dex significantly inhibited the viability of osteocyte cells and induced apoptosis. After Dex treatment, the intracellular ROS level increased. However, Dex treatment did not alter the expression of NOX proteins in vitro. Additionally, NAC and DPI inhibited the generation of intracellular ROS and partially alleviated osteocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that GC promotes apoptosis of osteocyte cells through ROS-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, we found that the increased expression of NOXs induced by GC serves as an important source of ROS generation.
A system for identifying and predicting the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The system can receive historical biological data associated with multiple individuals. The historical biological data can include biological characteristics. The system can use the historical biological data to generate and train machine learning models to predict the presence of NAFLD in a liver. The machine learning models can generate a prediction related to NAFLD or can generate a formula, which can be used to generate the prediction. The system can receive biological data associated with an individual. The system can apply the machine learning models or the formulas to the biological data to generate a liver score for the individual. The liver score can indicate a predicted liver fibrosis stage and NAFLD activity score (NAS).
BACKGROUND: Recent studies, using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS), suggest impaired perivascular space (PVS) function in cerebral small vessel disease, but they were cross-sectional, making inferences on causality difficult. We determined associations between impaired PVS, measured using DTI-ALPS and PVS volume, and cognition and incident dementia.
METHODS: In patients with lacunar stroke and confluent white matter hyperintensities, without dementia at baseline, recruited prospectively in a single center, magnetic resonance imaging was performed annually for 3 years, and cognitive assessments, including global, memory, executive function, and processing speed, were performed annually for 5 years. We determined associations between DTI-ALPS and PVS volume with cerebral small vessel disease imaging markers (white matter hyperintensity volume, lacunes, and microbleeds) at baseline and with changes in imaging markers. We determined whether DTI-ALPS and PVS volume at baseline and change over 3 years predicted incident dementia. Analyses were controlled for conventional diffusion tensor image metrics using 2 markers (median mean diffusivity [MD] and peak width of skeletonized MD) and adjusted for age, sex, and vascular risk factors.
RESULTS: A total of 120 patients, mean age 70.0 years and 65.0% male, were included. DTI-ALPS declined over 3 years, while no change in PVS volume was found. Neither DTI-ALPS nor PVS volume was associated with cerebral small vessel disease imaging marker progression. Baseline DTI-ALPS was associated with changes in global cognition (β=0.142, P=0.032), executive function (β=0.287, P=0.027), and long-term memory (β=0.228, P=0.027). Higher DTI-ALPS at baseline predicted a lower risk of dementia (hazard ratio, 0.328 [0.183-0.588]; P<0.001), and this remained significant after including median MD as a covariate (hazard ratio, 0.290 [0.139-0.602]; P<0.001). Change in DTI-ALPS predicted dementia conversion (hazard ratio, 0.630 [0.428-0.964]; P=0.048), but when peak width of skeletonized MD and median MD were entered as covariates, the association was not significant. There was no association between baseline PVS volume, or PVS change over 3 years, and conversion to dementia.
CONCLUSIONS: DTI-ALPS predicts future dementia risk in patients with lacunar strokes and confluent white matter hyperintensities. However, the weakening of the association between change in DTI-ALPS and incident dementia after controlling for peak width of skeletonized MD and median MD suggests part of the signal may represent conventional diffusion tensor image metrics. PVS volume is not a predictor of future dementia risk.
A mixture of hydrocarbons suitable for oral administration, e.g. in treatment of carcinoma, is prepared by distilling a naturally occurring hydrocarbon oil to obtain a fraction boiling up to 150 DEG C., and then fractionally distilling this to yield a fraction of b.p. 100-140 DEG  C., preferably 115-135 DEG  C.  The fractional distillation may be carried out in the presence of flax seed, and the mixture may be refined by acid treatment (e.g. H2SO4), followed by alkali treatment to remove the acid, and finally by filtration through active charcoal.ALSO:The treatment of carcinoma is carried out by oral administration of a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by distilling a naturally occurring hydrocarbon oil to obtain a fraction boiling up to 150 DEG C, and then fractionally distilling this to yield a fraction of b.p. 100-140 DEG C, preferably 115-135 DEG C. The fractional distillation step may be conducted in the presence of flax seed, constituents of which are distilled over with the hydrocarbon mixture.  The mixture may be refined by acid treatment (e.g. H2SO4) followed by alkali treatment to remove the acid, and finally by filtration through active charcoal.  The mixture may also contain a quaternary ammonium compound (e.g. trimethyl glycocoll, trimethyl glycocoll citrate or muscarin), colloidally distributed metallic iron or nickel, and mellitic acid or a salt thereof.
Monozygotic twins share the same genotype; however, they can be phenotypically discordant on various traits. Studying discordant monozygotic twins allows the investigation of differences in associations between symptoms and psychopathological risk factors, controlled for shared genetic liability. The network approach to psychopathology suggests that depressive symptoms, along with risk and protective factors (e.g., cognition, daily activities), form a complex system of mutually interacting components. We compared monozygotic twins discordant for lifetime depression on their respective extended networks of depressive symptoms, cognitive functions and daily activities (intellectual, physical, social), and evaluated if these networks differ in their associations between variables and in the role of each variable within the network. Regularized partial correlations investigated the networks' composition in 147 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for depression from the Danish Twin Registry. Affected twins had stronger overall associations within their network of depressive symptoms, cognitive functions and daily activities than their unaffected co-twins, while the importance of the network components' associations did not differ between the co-twins. In affected twins, decreased frequency in experiencing happiness had the strongest association with remaining variables (i.e., the most influence in activating other network elements). Also, variables from different groups were significantly associated (e.g., loneliness with delayed memory, pessimism with low social activities, verbal learning with intellectual activities). In unaffected twins, both mood symptoms and cognitive functions were important, but between-groups associations were quasi-absent. These results suggest that external events affecting the ability to feel happiness likely trigger the psychopathological process (depression network activation), independently from the genetic predisposition to depression.