anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Dosage of RAYOS should be individualized according to the severity of the disease and the response of the patient. For pediatric patients, the recommended dosage should be governed by the same considerations rather than strict adherence to the ratio indicated by age or body weight.

The maximal activity of the adrenal cortex is between 2 am and 8 am and is minimal between 4 pm and midnight. Exogenous corticosteroids suppress adrenocorticoid activity the least when given at the time of maximal activity. RAYOS is a delayed-release formulation of prednisone which releases the active substance beginning approximately 4 hours after intake [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. The timing of RAYOS administration should take into account the delayed-release pharmacokinetics and the disease or condition being treated.

The initial dosage of RAYOS may vary from 5 to 60 mg per day depending on the specific disease entity being treated. Patients currently on immediate release prednisone, prednisolone, or methylprednisolone should be switched to RAYOS at an equivalent dose based on relative potency (2.4).

In situations of less severity, lower doses will generally suffice while in selected patients higher initial doses may be required. The initial dosage should be maintained or adjusted until a satisfactory response is noted. If after a reasonable period there is a lack of satisfactory clinical response, RAYOS should be discontinued and the patient transferred to other appropriate therapy. It should be emphasized that dosage requirements are variable and must be individualized on the basis of the disease under treatment and the response of the patient.

After a favorable response is noted, the proper maintenance dosage should be determined by decreasing the initial drug dosage in small decrements at appropriate time intervals until the lowest dosage which will maintain an adequate clinical response is reached. It should be kept in mind that constant monitoring is needed in regard to drug dosage. Included in the situations which may make dosage adjustments necessary are changes in clinical status secondary to remissions or exacerbations in the disease process, the patient's individual drug responsiveness, and the effect of patient exposure to stressful situations not directly related to the disease entity under treatment. In this latter situation it may be necessary to increase the dosage of RAYOS for a period of time consistent with the patient's condition. If a period of spontaneous remission occurs in a chronic condition, treatment should be discontinued. If after long-term therapy the drug is to be stopped, it is recommended that it be withdrawn gradually rather than abruptly.
Group B: it included 22 patients on whom the recruitment maneuver was not ultrasound guided. This is considered the control group.
FIELD: medicine, surgery. SUBSTANCE: method involves administration of iron preparations, erythropoietin in the predicted vast surgery operation and planning autologous blood transfusion to patients. Hyperbaric oxygenation is carried out for 3 days before operation. Method can be used also in patients with rare blood groups and in severe allergy. EFFECT: improved preparing method of patients. 2 cl, 1 tbl, 5 ex
ET (endothelin) is a powerful vasoconstrictor 21-amino acid peptide present in many tissues, which exerts many physiological functions across the body and participates as a mediator in many pathological conditions. ETs exert their effects through ETA and ETB receptors, which can be blocked by selective receptor antagonists. ETs were shown to play important roles among others, in systemic hypertension, particularly when resistant or difficult to control, and in pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, subarachnoid hemorrhage, chronic kidney disease, diabetic cardiovascular disease, scleroderma, some cancers, etc. To date, ET antagonists are only approved for the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension and recently for IgA nephropathy and used in the treatment of digital ulcers in scleroderma. However, they may soon be approved for the treatment of patients with resistant hypertension and different types of nephropathy. Here, the role of ETs is reviewed with a special emphasis on participation in and treatment of hypertension and chronic kidney disease.
Disclosed are lyophilized gonadotropin containing preparations containing a dicarboxylic acid salt stabilizer. The particular proteins (e.g. LH, TSH, FSH, or HCG) are in admixture with, and at least partially capable of stabilization by, the particular stabilizer in lyophilized form. The preparations contain a sufficient amount of dicarboxylic acid salt to stabilize the protein in freeze-dried form for a desired time at a desired temperature. Typical dicarboxylic acid salts disclosed are the salts of citric, tartaric, and aspartic acids. The preparations preferably include a non-reducing disaccharide to increase the collapse temperature of the solution to be lyophilized. Methods of making the preparations in lyophilized form and the resulting injectable preparations are also disclosed. <IMAGE>
Severe liver injury, including fatal liver failure, has been reported in some patients treated with leflunomide. Patients with pre-existing acute or chronic liver disease, or those with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >2xULN before initiating treatment, should not be treated with leflunomide. Use caution when leflunomide is given with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs. Monitoring of ALT levels is recommended at least monthly for six months after starting leflunomide and thereafter every 6-8 weeks. If ALT elevation > 3 fold ULN occurs, interrupt leflunomide therapy while investigating the probable cause of the ALT elevation by close observation and additional tests. If likely leflunomide-induced, start cholestyramine washout and monitor liver tests weekly until normalized (see PRECAUTIONS - General - Need for Drug Elimination). If leflunomide-induced liver injury is unlikely because some other probable cause has been found, resumption of leflunomide therapy may be considered.

In addition, if leflunomide and methotrexate are given concomitantly, ACR guidelines for monitoring methotrexate liver toxicity must be followed with ALT, AST, and serum albumin testing monthly.

In clinical trials, leflunomide treatment as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate was associated with elevations of liver enzymes, primarily ALT and AST, in a significant number of patients; these effects were generally reversible. Most transaminase elevations were mild (<2-fold ULN) and usually resolved while continuing treatment. Marked elevations (>3-fold ULN) occurred infrequently and reversed with dose reduction or discontinuation of treatment. Table 8  shows liver enzyme elevations seen with monthly monitoring in clinical trials US301 and MN301. It was notable that the absence of folate use in MN302 was associated with a considerably greater incidence of liver enzyme elevation on methotrexate.

In a 6 month study of 263 patients with persistent active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate therapy, and with normal LFTs, leflunomide was added to a group of 130 patients starting at 10 mg per day and increased to 20 mg as needed. An increase in ALT greater than or equal to three times the ULN was observed in 3.8% of patients compared to 0.8% in 133 patients continued on methotrexate with placebo added.
BACKGROUND: More than a year after recovering from COVID-19, a large proportion of individuals, many of whom work in the healthcare sector, still report olfactory dysfunctions. However, olfactory dysfunction was common already before the COVID-19 pandemic, making it necessary to also consider the existing baseline prevalence of olfactory dysfunction. To establish the adjusted prevalence of COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction, we assessed smell function in healthcare workers who had contracted COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic using psychophysical testing.
METHODS: Participants were continuously tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies since the beginning of the pandemic. To assess the baseline rate of olfactory dysfunction in the population and to control for the possibility of skewed recruitment of individuals with prior olfactory dysfunction, consistent SARS-CoV-2 IgG naïve individuals were tested as a control group.
RESULTS: Fifteen months after contracting COVID-19, 37% of healthcare workers demonstrated a quantitative reduction in their sense of smell, compared to only 20% of the individuals in the control group. Fifty-one percent of COVID-19-recovered individuals reported qualitative symptoms, compared to only 5% in the control group. In a follow-up study 2.6 years after COVID-19 diagnosis, 24% of all tested recovered individuals still experienced parosmia.
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, 65% of healthcare workers experienced parosmia/hyposmia 15 months after contracting COVID-19. When compared to a control group, the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the population increased by 41 percentage points. Parosmia symptoms were still lingering two-and-a half years later in 24% of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Given the amount of time between infection and testing, it is possible that the olfactory problems may not be fully reversible in a plurality of individuals.
Following consent, the participant will undergo Oesophagectomy as per routine care. During surgery, prior to trial participation and as per standard of care at the site, a nasogastric tube will be placed into the gastric conduit and secured to the nose. This tube will be left on free drainage and aspirated every 4 hours to check for inadvertent insufflation.
A conjugate made of the polysaccharide moiety (O-specific polysaccharide + core) of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of V. cholerae O139 (pmLPS) was prepared by derivatization of the pmLPS with adipic acid dihydrazide and coupling to tetanus toxoid (TT) by carbodiimide-mediated condensation. Said conjugate elicited high levels of IgG antibodies, peaking 3 months after the first immunization and declining slowly during the following 5 months. TT alone, or as a component of conjugate, induced mostly IgG antibodies. Antibodies elicited by the conjugate recognized both capsular polysaccharide (CP) and LPS from V. cholerae O139, and were vibriocidal. They were also protective in the neonatal mouse model of cholera infection. The conjugation of the O139 pmLPS, therefore, enhanced its immunogenicity and conferred T-dependent properties to this polysaccharide.
PURPOSE:To obtain a drug preparation satisfying quick dissolution as well as slow releasing properties, by adding a surfactant to nifedipine to obtain a quick- dissolution granule, preparing a slow-releasing granule by pulverizing a part of the quick-dissolution granule and adding an organic polymeric binder thereto, an d combining both granules by a particular method. CONSTITUTION:Nifedipine is added with a surfactant (e.g. sodium laurylsulfate, polyacrylic acid, etc.) to obtain the first granule dissolving quickly when brought into contact with peptic liquid and exhibiting the rapid activity. A part of the first granule is finely pulverized, and mixed with an organic polymeric binder (e.g. ethyl cellulose, glycerol fatty acid ester, etc.) to reduce the disintegration property or dissolving property and obtain the second granule exhibiting slow- releasing property. Both granules are mixed together and coated with an enteric coating to form a core, and the mixture of both granules are applied to the core to obtain the objective drug preparation. Quick dissolution effect can be attained by the disintegration of the coating layer before the duodenum, and the slow- releasing property can be exhibited after the duodenum by the core layer.
Seventy patients who underwent total parotidectomy were selected for inclusion in the study. We analyzed 41 cases of total parotidectomy (control group) and 29 cases of simultaneous ADM implantation following total parotidectomy (ADM group) for infraauricular depressed deformities and the presence of gustatory flushing or sweating. The follow-up periods ranged from 6 months to 7 years.

The Results showed facial contours and bilateral symmetry improved after surgery in the ADM group. In the control group, an infraauricular depressed deformity was evident in all 41 cases. Frey's syndrome was recorded in one patient (3.4%) from the ADM group and 14 patients (34.1%) from the control group. No cases of immune rejection, infection, hematoma, or salivary fistula were observed in either group.
The application provides novel neuroactive fragments of human amyloid precursor protein (APP). The fragments include sequence from the Aβ region of APP but also extend upstream. The fragments are soluble in aqueous solution most bands are about 10 kDa and above and do not correspond with the expected molecular weight of a dimer or trimer. The fragments and sub fragments thereof can be used as immunogens in methods of immunotherapy to treat Alzheimer's and other amyloidogenic diseases characterized by deposits of Aβ in the brain. Antibodies to the part of the fragment upstream from APP or the interface between Aβ and the upstream sequence can also be used in such therapeutic method. The fragments are also useful as markers, which can be detected for diagnosis or prognosis of disease or for screening agents.
The invention discloses an improved zinc phosphate cement binding material for dental department. The binding material comprises powder and liquid. The powder comprises the following components: 100 parts of zinc oxide, 10 to 15 parts of magnesium oxide, 3 to 5 parts of silicon dioxide, 1 to 2 parts of bismuth oxide, and 3 to 5 parts of sodium carbonate. The liquid comprises the following components: 100 parts of orthophosphoric acid, 4 to 20 parts of aluminum oxide, 4 to 20 parts of zinc oxide, and 40 to 60 parts of water. The powder and the liquid are blended in a ratio of every 2 grams of powder to 1 milliliter of liquid. The prepared oral binding material is paste with certain flowability before solidification, and can penetrate fine structures on the surfaces of teeth and a recovered body so as to play a binding role. The binding material has good mechanical property, greatly weakens the acidity, and does not bring obvious stimulating sense to a patient.
Patients receive hafnium oxide-containing nanoparticles NBTXR3 via injection intratumorally or intranodally on day 1. Beginning as early as day 3 and within 8 days of NBTXR3 injection, patients undergo SBRT QOD or hypofractionated RT QD over 1-2 weeks at the discretion of the treating radiation oncologist. Starting on the same day as radiation therapy, patients also receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes every 3 weeks for up to 24 months in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
A method for manufacturing the fermented extract of Saururus chinensis Baill is provided to maximize medicinal effects of Saururus chinensis Baill by increasing the content of organic acids useful to human body, improve body absorption, remove bitter taste and inhibit side effects or allergy reaction through fermentation. A method for manufacturing the fermented extract of Saururus chinensis Baill comprises the steps of: heating Saururus chinensis Baill in water at 95 deg. C for 6 hours; concentrating the extract of Saururus chinensis Baill under reduced pressure of 740 mmHg at 60 deg. C for 6 hours; and adding unrefined sugar and malt into the concentrated extract of Saururus chinensis Baill and maturing the mixture at 37 deg. C for 30 days. Further, the 24kg of unrefined sugar and the 12kg of malt into the concentrated extract of Saururus chinensis Baill.
On Day 1, participants will receive 0.5mg bup/nx sublingually (SL) every 3 hours (Q3H) - total daily dose of 4mg. On Day 2, they will receive 1mg bup/nx SL Q3H - total daily dose of 8mg. On Day 3, they will receive 8mg bup/nx SL once and 1-4mg bup/nx SL Q3H as needed (PRN) for withdrawal symptoms and/or craving and/or pain - maximum daily dose of 32mg. Afterwards, their day 3 total dose will be consolidated to once daily dosing - maximum daily dose of 32mg. On Days 1 and 2, participants will concurrently receive 1-48mg hydromorphone orally, intravenously, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly (PO/IV/SC/IM) Q1 to 3H PRN for withdrawal symptoms and/or craving and/or pain, titrated to effect (start at lower end of dosing range). Hydromorphone will be discontinued on Days 3 onwards.
A process isolates and recovers glycoprotein fractions in dry or solution form. Glycoproteins are recovered from deproteinized whey, preferably micro-filtered to remove large molecules and aggregates. The resulting retentate is then diluted for further processing. The resulting liquid is heated to coagulate whey protein and then cooled sufficiently to precipitate coagulated whey protein. The preparation can then be completed by centrifuging the resulting cooled solution and separating resulting supernatant containing glycoproteins from fat and precipitate. The product glycoprotein concentrate can be dried, such as by freeze drying, or recovered and stored in liquid form. In a preferred aspect, saline is employed to dilute the microfiltered concentrate prior to heating to improve the recovery of a liquid glycoprotein fraction that can be sterilized, such as by autoclaving. In another aspect, glycoprotein free of a majority of glycomacropeptides (GMP) can be recovered by adjusting the solution to alkaline pH and subjecting to ion exchange extraction. Preferred liquid products are stable to autoclaving and free of separation after storage in a sealed container at 20°C for a period of at least one month.
Borderline elevations of one or more liver tests may occur in up to 15% of patients taking NSAIDs including ketoprofen capsules. These laboratory abnormalities may progress, may remain unchanged, or may be transient with continuing therapy. Notable elevations of ALT or AST (approximately three or more times the upper limit of normal) have been reported in approximately 1% of patients in clinical trials with NSAIDs. In addition, rare cases of severe hepatic reactions, including jaundice, and fatal fulminant hepatitis, liver necrosis and hepatic failure, some of them with fatal outcomes have been reported.

A patient with symptoms and/or signs suggesting liver dysfunction, or in whom an abnormal liver test has occurred, should be evaluated for evidence of the development of a more severe hepatic reaction while on therapy with ketoprofen capsules. If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop, or if systemic manifestations occur (e.g., eosinophilia, rash, etc.), ketoprofen capsules should be discontinued.

In patients with chronic liver disease with reduced serum albumin levels, ketoprofen’s pharmacokinetics are altered (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). Such patients should be closely monitored, and a reduction of dosage should be anticipated to avoid high blood levels of ketoprofen and/or its metabolites (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
For topical ophthalmic use. Not for injection. This preparation may cause Central Nervous System (CNS) disturbances. This is especially true in younger age groups, but may occur at any age, especially with the stronger solutions. Infants are especially prone to CNS and cardiopulmonary side effects from cyclopentolate. To minimize absorption, use only 1 drop of 0.5% cyclopentolate hydrochloride ophthalmic solution, USP per eye, followed by pressure applied over the nasolacrimal sac for two to three minutes. Observe infants closely for at least 30 minutes following instillation. Mydriatics may produce a transient elevation of intraocular pressure. Patients with untreated narrow angle glaucoma or anatomically narrow angles may be susceptible to angle closure following administration.

Mydriatics may produce a transient elevation of intraocular pressure.
1. Alkaline aluminium valproate with the general formula presented in the figure. 2. The method of obtaining alkaline aluminium valproate with the general formula presented in the figure, characterised in that 20 parts by mass of aluminium sulphate is dissolved in 50 parts by mass of water. Then, 9.4 parts by mass of calcium carbonate rubbed with 14 parts by mass of water are added to the resultant solution, followed by adding 24 parts by mass of 30 percdnt acetic acid, while the mixture is being constantly stirred. The resultant liquid is left to settle for 1 to 3 days. The settlings are removed and 9.6 parts by mass of valproic acid are added. The mixture is shaken for 15 minutes.
Improved citral derivatives, that have a longer useful shelf life than citral fragrances and flavorings, are disclosed. In one embodiment, the derivatives are prepared by replacing one or more double bonds in citral with a cyclopropyl group, which can be unsubstituted, or substituted with one or two lower alkyl, preferably methyl groups. The alkyl groups can optionally be substituted, for example, with electron donating groups, electron with drawing groups, groups which increase the hydrophilicity or hydrophobocity, and the like. In the derivatives the aldehyde group may be replaced with a nitrile, methyl ether or acetal group. The acetal groups can provide the compounds with a long lasting flavor or fragrance, where the acetals slowly hydrolyze to provide the aldehyde group in citral. Examples of suitable articles of manufacture include candles, air fresheners, perfumes, disinfectant compositions, hypochlorite (bleach) compositions, beverages such as beer and soda, denture cleanser tablets and flavored orally-delivered products such as lozenges, candies, and the like. The derivatives preferably have the structure: <EMI ID=1.1 HE=22 WI=61 LX=576 LY=1907 TI=CF> <PC>wherein Z is O, S, CR 2  or a double or a single bond provided at least one Z is O, S or CR 2 ; and X is a nitrile, methyl ether, or acetal group.
Following oral administration, lamivudine is rapidly absorbed and extensively distributed. After multiple-dose oral administration of lamivudine 300 mg once daily for 7 days to 60 healthy volunteers, steady-state Cmax (Cmax,ss) was 2.04 ± 0.54 mcg/mL (mean ± SD) and the 24-hour steady-state AUC (AUC24,ss) was 8.87 ± 1.83 mcg•hr/mL. Binding to plasma protein is low. Approximately 70% of an intravenous dose of lamivudine is recovered as unchanged drug in the urine. Metabolism of lamivudine is a minor route of elimination. In humans, the only known metabolite is the trans-sulfoxide metabolite (approximately 5% of an oral dose after 12 hours).

The steady-state pharmacokinetic properties of the EPIVIR 300-mg Tablet once daily for 7 days compared with the EPIVIR 150-mg Tablet twice daily for 7 days were assessed in a crossover study in 60 healthy volunteers. EPIVIR 300 mg once daily resulted in lamivudine exposures that were similar to EPIVIR 150 mg twice daily with respect to plasma AUC24,ss; however, Cmax,ss was 66% higher and the trough value was 53% lower compared with the 150-mg twice-daily regimen. Intracellular lamivudine triphosphate exposures in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also similar with respect to AUC24,ss and Cmax24,ss; however, trough values were lower compared with the 150-mg twice-daily regimen. Inter-subject variability was greater for intracellular lamivudine triphosphate concentrations versus lamivudine plasma trough concentrations. The clinical significance of observed differences for both plasma lamivudine concentrations and intracellular lamivudine triphosphate concentrations is not known.

In humans, abacavir and lamivudine are not significantly metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes.

The pharmacokinetic properties of abacavir and lamivudine in fasting patients are summarized in Table 1.