anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
A equipment (Ladder Barrel), used in Pilates sessions, will help with the movement. To stretch the knee flexor muscles, the participant, standing, will place the dominant lower limb on the equipment and keep the other on the ground, remaining with both knees extended. The trunk will be flexed forward within the maximum range of movement achieved by the participant, until discomfort occurs in the posterior region of the thigh, but not pain. To stretch the knee extensor muscles, the participant, standing, will position the back of the foot of the dominant lower limb on the equipment and keep the other limb with the foot flat on the ground. The glute of the dominant lower limb will meet the heel of the same limb, until there is discomfort, but not pain. In both stretches, the position will be maintained for 30 seconds, followed by an equal rest time. Three series of stretching will be performed for the knee flexor muscles and then another three series for the extensor muscles.
The patients received orally 200 mg CMH per kg body weight divided in three doses per day. Following period 1 (6 months) of supplementation and a wash-out period of 4 weeks without CMH respectively the groups were switched for another 6 months (period 2).
BACKGROUND: Therapies can reduce the risk of heart failure (HF) development and progression in type 2 diabetes; nevertheless, the risk of these outcomes is greater in females than in males.
METHODS AND RESULTS: To investigate sex differences in HF development and progression, we compared baseline circulating proteins (Olink Cardiovascular II panel) in males and females with type 2 diabetes and recent acute coronary syndrome for the outcome of HF hospitalization. Data were from the placebo-controlled Examination of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Alogliptin vs Standard of Care (EXAMINE) trial. Pathophysiological sex-differences were interpreted with network and pathway over-representation analyses. The EXAMINE trial enrolled 5380 participants (32.1% females) with biomarker data available for 95.4% of individuals. Analyses revealed 43 biomarkers were differentially expressed in HF hospitalization, of which 18 were sex specific. Among these 43 biomarkers, interleukin-6 was identified as a central node for the pathogenesis of HF hospitalization in both females and in males. Additional pathway over-representation analyses demonstrated that biomarkers associated with inflammatory pathways related to endothelial dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis were more up-regulated in females than males with HF hospitalization. Differential expression of 3 biomarkers (pentraxin-related protein 3, hydroxyacid oxidase 1, and carbonic anhydrase 5A) was independently associated with an increased risk of HF hospitalization in females but not in males (interaction P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS: In males and females with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome, interleukin-6 seems to be central in the pathogenesis of HF. Females exhibit higher levels of circulating proteins related to immunological pathways, reflecting sex-specific differences underlying HF development and progression.
One of the main risks to fish health in an aquatic environment is hypoxia, which can either lead to respiratory failure or the emergence of various diseases in a fish population. This investigation examined the impact of hypoxia on the gut bacteria of a loach, Lepidocephalichthys guntea, which under the dissolve oxygen stress can gulp air from surface and breathe using its posterior intestine. High-throughput sequencing was used to examine the anterior and posterior parts of the gut of L. guntea during both normoxia and hypoxia. According to the community profiling of the gut bacteria, prolonged exposure to hypoxia increased the diversity and abundance of bacteria in the posterior part while decreasing both in the anterior part of the gut. Additionally, for both parts of the gut, the core microbiota showed a significant alteration during hypoxia. In correlation network analysis, a more interactive and intricate network was developed at normoxia. According to the comparative analyses of the gut bacteria, hypoxia causes more pronounced alterations in the posterior gut than the anterior gut at various taxonomic levels. As a consequence of hypoxia, several genera like Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Plesiomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter were replaced by Streptococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, Janthinobacterium, and Clostridia. A surge in probiotic genera, including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Blautia, and Cetobacterium, was also seen. The fatty acid biosynthesis pathway was induced only in hypoxia, although all other metabolic pathways were present in both situations, albeit with fewer hits in hypoxia.
BACKGROUND: Children with non-ambulatory cerebral palsy (CP) frequently develop progressive neuromuscular scoliosis and require surgical intervention. Due to their comorbidities, they are at high risk for developing peri- and post-operative complications. The objectives of this study were to compare stepwise and LASSO variable selection techniques for consistency in identifying predictors when modelling these post-operative complications and to identify potential predictors of respiratory complications and infections following spine surgery among children with CP.
METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, a large administrative claims database was queried to identify children who met the following criteria: 1) ≤ 25 years old, 2) diagnosis of CP, 3) underwent surgery during the study period, 4) had ≥ 12-months pre-operative, and 5) ≥ 3-months post-operative continuous health plan enrollment. Outcome measures included the development of a post-operative respiratory complication (e.g., pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia, atelectasis, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pulmonary edema) or an infection (e.g., surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, meningitis, peritonitis, sepsis, or septicemia) within 3 months of surgery. Codes were used to identify CP, surgical procedures, medical comorbidities and the development of post-operative respiratory complications and infections. Two approaches to variable selection, stepwise and LASSO, were compared to determine which potential predictors of respiratory complications and infection development would be identified using each approach.
RESULTS: The sample included 220 children. During the 3-month follow-up, 21.8% (n = 48) developed a respiratory complication and 12.7% (n = 28) developed an infection. The prevalence of 11 variables including age, sex and 9 comorbidities were initially considered to be potential predictors based on the intended outcome of interest. Model discrimination utilizing LASSO for variable selection was slightly improved over the stepwise regression approach. LASSO resulted in retention of additional comorbidities that may have meaningful associations to consider for future studies, including gastrointestinal issues, bladder dysfunction, epilepsy, anemia and coagulation deficiency.
CONCLUSIONS: Potential predictors of the development of post-operative complications were identified in this study and while identified predictors were similar using stepwise and LASSO regression approaches, model discrimination was slightly improved with LASSO. Findings will be used to inform future research processes determining which variables to consider for developing risk prediction models.
Natalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody currently being investigated as a potential treatment for Crohn's disease. It is believed to work by preventing white blood cells from moving from the blood stream into the bowel tissue. These cells are thought to cause damage to the bowel, leading to the symptoms of Crohn's disease. Elan Pharmaceuticals is currently sponsoring an international study evaluating the safety and efficacy of natalizumab in individuals with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease. Individuals with Crohn's disease will be randomly assigned to receive either placebo (an inactive solution) or natalizumab by intravenous infusion (this means putting it directly into a vein in the arm). There will be a one out of two chance of receiving natalizumab and a one out of two chance of receiving placebo. Participants in the study will receive several infusions of natalizumab or placebo at 4-week intervals. Eligible participants will then have the opportunity to enroll into an extension study that will allow all participants to receive natalizumab. For those patients who do not enroll into the extension study, the total participation in this study will last for approximately 22 weeks.
CYP2C19 is involved in the formation of both the active metabolite and the 2-oxo-clopidogrel intermediate metabolite. Clopidogrel active metabolite pharmacokinetics and antiplatelet effects, as measured by ex vivo platelet aggregation assays, differ according to CYP2C19 genotype. 

Patients who are homozygous for nonfunctional alleles of the CYP2C19 gene are termed "CYP2C19 poor metabolizers." Approximately 2% of White and 4% of Black patients are poor metabolizers; the prevalence of poor metabolism is higher in Asian patients (e.g., 14% of Chinese). Tests are available to identify patients who are CYP2C19 poor metabolizers.

A crossover study in 40 healthy subjects, 10 each in the four CYP2C19 metabolizer groups, evaluated pharmacokinetic and antiplatelet responses using 300 mg followed by 75 mg per day and 600 mg followed by 150 mg per day, each for a total of 5 days. Decreased active metabolite exposure and diminished inhibition of platelet aggregation were observed in the poor metabolizers as compared to the other groups.
Fifteen (n=15) experienced clinicians, each with 8 or more years experiences in instrument-assisted soft tissue manipulation (IASTM), will participate in an observational studying analyzing their application of basic stroke patterns (linear, curved) to a consistent research assistant/model. IASTM is a type of massage that uses rigid devices. A Quantifiable Soft Tissue Manipulation (QSTM) device system will be used for determining objective metrics of stroke parameters (e.g. stroke force, rate, angle) and results will be compared between participants to determine characteristic stroke profile patterns for use in training and research.
Emerging acute respiratory diseases (ARDs) pose a significant threat for the US military, especially among those in training environments where crowded living conditions and demanding multi-factorial stresses exacerbate infection exposure and suppress immunity, respectively. Consequently, ARD rates are routinely reported higher in recruits than older military personnel, which have a detrimental effect on operational readiness. Although significant steps, such as surveillance and vaccine programs, have been taken to minimize the impact that ARDs have on military recruits and newly mobilized troops, hospitalizations among recruits still exceeds that of comparable civilian population in the United States by at least 3- to 4-folds, accounting for almost 30% of all infectious disease associated hospitalizations. In 2018, respiratory infections like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), accounted for an estimated 50,000 medical encounters affecting about \~35,000 recruits that resulted in 1,000 hospital bed days leading to significant loss in training time and cost. In addition to annual respiratory infections, the on-going COVID-19 numbers rising again, continues to threaten to further degrade operational readiness. Thus, inexpensive, rapid, and more reliable diagnostics are continually required to better treat and prevent ARDs to preserve military readiness and decrease disability adjusted life years.

Current CLIA laboratory diagnostic procedures, such Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), and bacterial cultures, are costly, time-consuming, and operator sensitive. It has become apparent that during the COVID-19 pandemic, these approaches were and continue to be insufficient in meeting diagnostic needs as they are difficult to scale-up and lack logistical flexibility. Furthermore, due to the invasive nature of active clinical sampling, there is a critical need for accurate and rapid passive surveillance as to screen for SARS-CoV-19 as well as other hazardous chemical and biological agents. To address this capability gap, the current project will: 1) modify and operationalize existing innovative passive surveillance systems that can be deployed in the near-term; 2) leverage revolutionary technologies that will enhance current diagnostic systems to meet mid- and far-term gaps in CBRNE gaps.
Spring-summer meningoencephalitis (SSME) is caused by the SSME virus. This virus contains a glycoprotein molecule (E) which induces a protective immune response after infection or active immunisation. This entails production of antibodies directed against various antigenic determinants of the glycoprotein molecule, some of which antibodies have a protective action but others being blocking and reducing the protective action. The object is to identify the antigenic determinants with different effects and to provide peptides and peptide-containing compounds which contain one or more of the antigenic determinants which induce protective antibodies or are free of antigenic determinants which induce blocking antibodies. The antigenic determinants are identified by their reactivity with monoclonal antibodies which are specific reagents. The peptides and peptide-containing compounds are prepared by enzymatic or chemical fragmentation of the glycoprotein molecule or by synthetic construction of the appropriate amino-acid sequences. The peptides and peptide-containing compounds can be used to prepare vaccines active against SSME virus infections. Figure 1 depicts the glycoprotein molecule by a wavy line, with the distribution of the various antigenic determinants being illustrated by the binding sites of the corresponding monoclonal antibodies indicated by  ORTHOGONAL  symbols.
PURPOSE:To determine human IV type collagen peptide with high accuracy with a small amt. of a sample by using the monoclonal antibody for the pepsin solubilization human IV type collagen and using the enzyme immunoassay based on a single-stage sandwich method. CONSTITUTION:The monoclonal antibody which makes cross reaction with the molecular center triplet spiral section of the pepsin solubilization human IV type collagen is labeled with enzyme to obtain the enzyme labeled antibody. The sample to be measured is diluted by using the buffer soln. of this labeled antibody to obtain a diluted sample liquid A. The monoclonal antibody which makes cross reaction only with the pepsin solubilization human IV type collagen is conjugated with a solid phase antibody to obtain an antibody conjugated solid phase carrier B. The antibody conjugated carrier B is intimately mixed with the above-mentioned diluted liquid A and the immune reaction is effected between the human IV type collagen in the above-mentioned measurement sample and the enzyme labeled antibody as well as the antibody in the solid phase antibody B. The solid phase antibody is thereafter fractionated and the enzyme activity thereof is measured, by which the molecular central triplet spiral section of the human IV type collagen is determined.
BACKGROUND: Surgical procedures performed on patients with recent exposure to COVID-19 infection have been associated with increased mortality risk in previous studies. Accordingly, elective surgery is often delayed after infection. The study aimed to compare 30-day hospital mortality and postoperative complications (acute kidney injury, pulmonary complications) of surgical patients with a previous COVID-19 infection to a matched cohort of patients without known previous COVID-19. The authors hypothesized that COVID-19 exposure would be associated with an increased mortality risk.
METHODS: In this retrospective observational cohort study, patients presenting for elective inpatient surgery across a multicenter cohort of academic and community hospitals from April 2020 to April 2021 who had previously tested positive for COVID-19 were compared to controls who had received at least one previous COVID-19 test but without a known previous COVID-19-positive test. The cases were matched based on anthropometric data, institution, and comorbidities. Further, the outcomes were analyzed stratified by timing of a positive test result in relation to surgery.
RESULTS: Thirty-day mortality occurred in 229 of 4,951 (4.6%) COVID-19-exposed patients and 122 of 4,951 (2.5%) controls. Acute kidney injury was observed in 172 of 1,814 (9.5%) exposed patients and 156 of 1,814 (8.6%) controls. Pulmonary complications were observed in 237 of 1,637 (14%) exposed patients and 164 of 1,637 (10%) controls. COVID-19 exposure was associated with an increased 30-day mortality risk (adjusted odds ratio, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.91) and an increased risk of pulmonary complications (1.60; 1.36 to 1.88), but was not associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (1.03; 0.87 to 1.22). Surgery within 2 weeks of infection was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality and pulmonary complications, but that effect was nonsignificant after 2 weeks.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a positive test for COVID-19 before elective surgery early in the pandemic have an elevated risk of perioperative mortality and pulmonary complications but not acute kidney injury as compared to matched controls. The span of time from positive test to time of surgery affected the mortality and pulmonary risk, which subsided after 2 weeks.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject preparation capable of disinfecting and physically protecting cattle hooves and sustaining their effects by homogeneously mixing a spreading agent with a mixture containing in specified proportions two kinds of metal salts differing in ionization tendency from each other, i.e., a metal salt whose aqueous solution is alkaline, and the other metal salt having antimicrobial effect. SOLUTION: This preparation comprises (A) 20.0-60.0 wt.% of a sparingly water-soluble metal salt exhibiting alkalinity (pref. calcium carbonate, calcium oxide or the like), (B) 0.1-10.0 wt.% of at least one metal salt having antimicrobial effect (pref. salt(s) of silver, zinc and/or copper) and (C) 20.0-60.0 wt.% of a spreading agent (pref. based on a synthetic latex); wherein the component A is pref. <=3 μm in particle size and >=30 wt.% in metal atom content, the component B is pref. >=30 wt.% in metal atom content, and the component C is preferably powder and soluble in water. This preparation thus obtained has adhesive force and settability to cattle hooves, exhibiting intended effect.
Patients will receive BR101801 capsules orally, QD in 28-day cycles. The regimen may be changed to BID dosing based on emerging data.
Young people living with HIV (Y-PLWH) have poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy and engagement in HIV care, making HIV the leading cause of death for African adolescents. Depression and psychological distress are much more common among Y-PLWH than in the general population, and are associated with significantly worse adherence to care and treatment when compared to Y-PLWH without these co-morbid conditions. Thus, untreated depression and severe psychological distress are important contributors to poor HIV outcomes in this population. Nigeria is home to the 4th largest HIV population globally and 10% of Y-PLWH, but mental health screening is not routinely conducted in this setting, and less than 10% of those diagnosed have access to evidence-based care. Despite this treatment gap, few interventions have targeted the mental health needs of Y-PLWH in Africa. The World Health Organization recommends that caregivers of Y-PLWH adopt youth-friendly strategies and incorporate psychosocial services to meet their needs, and that task shifting to non-specialized health workers be used to overcome the dearth of trained professionals in low and middle-income countries. Task-shifted problem Solving Therapy (PST) has been effectively used to treat both depression and psychological distress using a task-shifted approach. However, PST is an intensive strategy (typically 6-15 weekly sessions) often delivered in-person and poor completion rates are associated with less effectiveness -- a concern further magnified during the current COVID-19 climate. Mobile health technologies may be uniquely suited to surmount some of the obstacles for effective A theory-grounded game, Change My Story, has been developed which allows players navigate difficult experiences based on drivers of psychological distress and interact with a virtual environment this research aims to 1) conduct a hybrid implementation-effectiveness pilot RCT for 80 Y-PLWH with depression or psychological distress, and compare feasibility, acceptability, engagement, satisfaction and preliminary effectiveness among individuals receiving PST alone or PST with Change My Story, and 2) use the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to assess factors influencing engagement, acceptability, and satisfaction along with facilitators and barriers to implementation delivery.
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a progressive condition characterized by the remodeling of pulmonary arteries, ultimately culminating in right heart failure and increased mortality rates. Substantial evidence has elucidated the pivotal role of perivascular inflammatory factors and immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of PH. Chemokines, a class of small secreted proteins, exert precise control over immune cell recruitment and functionality, particularly with respect to their migration to sites of inflammation. Consequently, chemokines emerge as critical drivers facilitating immune cell infiltration into the pulmonary tissue during inflammatory responses. This review comprehensively examines the significant contributions of CC chemokines in the maintenance of immune cell homeostasis and their pivotal role in regulating inflammatory responses. The central focus of this discussion is directed towards elucidating the precise immunoregulatory actions of CC chemokines concerning various immune cell types, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils, particularly in the context of pH processes. Furthermore, this paper delves into an exploration of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms that underpin the development of PH. Specifically, it investigates processes such as cellular pyroptosis, examines the intricate crosstalk between bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) mutations and the immune response, and sheds light on key signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response. These aspects are deemed critical in enhancing our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of PH. Moreover, this review provides a comprehensive synthesis of findings from experimental investigations targeting immune cells and CC chemokines.
AIM OF REVIEW: In summary, the inquiry into the inflammatory responses mediated by CC chemokines and their corresponding receptors, and their potential in modulating immune reactions, holds promise as a prospective avenue for addressing PH. The potential inhibition of CC chemokines and their receptors stands as a viable strategy to attenuate the inflammatory cascade and ameliorate the pathological manifestations of PH. Nonetheless, it is essential to acknowledge the current state of clinical trials and the ensuing progress, which regrettably appears to be less than encouraging. Substantial hurdles exist in the successful translation of research findings into clinical applications. The intention is that such emphasis could potentially foster the advancement of potent therapeutic agents presently in the process of clinical evaluation. This, in turn, may further bolster the potential for effective management of PH.