anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The ability to reliably detect Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) in leukemia patients allows oncologists to predict patient outcome and to monitor the efficacy of therapy which is critical to improving care. MRD can be used to identify high risk patients who cannot be identified by conventional high risk features, a presence of \< 0.1% MRD has been shown to be one of the best predictors of 5-year remission, with 70% of patients with ≥ 0.1% relapsing. In addition to providing predictions of relapse, MRD has been shown to provide a sensitive measure of early treatment response, an independent predictor of good outcome. While the presence of MRD is indicative of patient outcome, the detection of the presence of MRD provides an opportunity to modify treatment and potentially increase survival. Studies are currently underway to use MRD detection in modifying chemotherapeutic treatment and timing of stem cell transplant in leukemia patients. Development of a low cost and easily accessible MRD detector has the potential to expand the number of patients for which MRD testing is available. Expansion of the patient population is a necessary step to large scale testing of MRD detection as both a predictive factor of patient outcome and as a potential modifier of patient treatment. It is expected that increased MRD testing would lead to improved prediction of patient outcomes and increased sensitivity of testing of treatment response. MRD testing in the general patient population could be used to test treatment response and allow oncologists to modify treatment regiments leading to reduced patient mortality and improved medical outcomes.
Fibroblasts, known for their functional diversity, play crucial roles in inflammation and cancer. In this study, we conduct comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing analyses on fibroblast cells from 517 human samples, spanning 11 tissue types and diverse pathological states. We identify distinct fibroblast subpopulations with universal and tissue-specific characteristics. Pathological conditions lead to significant shifts in fibroblast compositions, including the expansion of immune-modulating fibroblasts during inflammation and tissue-remodeling myofibroblasts in cancer. Within the myofibroblast category, we identify four transcriptionally distinct subpopulations originating from different developmental origins, with LRRC15+ myofibroblasts displaying terminally differentiated features. Both LRRC15+ and MMP1+ myofibroblasts demonstrate pro-tumor potential that contribute to the immune-excluded and immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments (TMEs), whereas PI16+ fibroblasts show potential anti-tumor functions in adjacent non-cancerous regions. Fibroblast-subtype compositions define patient subtypes with distinct clinical outcomes. This study advances our understanding of fibroblast biology and suggests potential therapeutic strategies for targeting specific fibroblast subsets in cancer treatment.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The association of statin initiation with incident Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia and cognitive decline by the APOE ε4 allele is unknown. Our objective was to examine whether the association of statin initiation with incident AD dementia and cognitive decline differs by the APOE ε4 allele.
METHODS: This population-based longitudinal cohort study was conducted in 4 urban communities in Chicago, IL, United States, consisting of 4,807 participants. Statin initiation is based on the inspection of medications during home assessments. Clinical diagnosis for incident AD used the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, and longitudinal measurements of global cognition consisted of episodic memory, perceptual speed, and the Mini-Mental State Examination tests.
RESULTS: The study participants had a mean age of 72 years, consisting of 63% female individuals and 61% non-Hispanic Black individuals. During the study period, 1,470 (31%) participants reported statin initiation. In a covariate-adjusted competing risk model, statin initiation was associated with a reduced risk of incident clinical AD [hazard ratio (HR) 0.81 (95% CI 0.70-0.94)] compared with nonusers. This association was statistically significantly lower (p interaction = 0.015) among participants with the APOE ε4 allele [HR 0.60 (95% CI 0.49-0.74)] compared with those without the APOE ε4 allele [HR 0.96 (95% CI 0.82-1.12)]. The annual decline in global cognition (β = 0.021, 95% CI 0.007-0.034) and episodic memory (β = 0.020, 95% CI 0.007-0.033) was also substantially slower among participants with the APOE ε4 allele after statin initiation compared with nonusers. However, the association of statin initiation with cognitive decline was not significant among those without the APOE ε4 allele.
DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that statins might be associated with a lower risk of incident AD among individuals with the APOE ε4 allele. The benefits of statin therapy need further consideration in randomized clinical trials, especially among those with the APOE ε4 allele.
CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that among those aged 65 years or older, statin initiation was associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer disease, especially in the presence of an APOE-e4 allele.
PURPOSE:To obtain plate barium sulfate which gives good touch for use and has high light-scattering property and transparency and excellent effect to suppress color irregularity by effecting the reaction of barium salt and sulfuric acid or sulfate soln. at specified concn. and temp. CONSTITUTION:Sulfuric acid or sulfate soln. having 0.001-0.5M concn. in an ion-exchanged water as a medium is heated to 5-100 deg.C, into which a barium salt soln. in a same medium at same concn. (e.g. barium sulfate aq. soln. containing <=1000ppm metal ion except for Ba) is added under stirring to effect the reaction. Then the mixture is cooled to room temp. and filtered to obtain plate barium sulfate. This barium sulfate crystal has 1.5-100 diffraction peak intensity ratio of (020) face to (200) face and >=55% scattering intensity and >=70% total transmittance when this crystal is formed into a thin film of 20wt.% concn. and 15mum thickness.
BACKGROUND: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is involved in many types of arterial diseases, including neointima hyperplasia, in which Ca2+ has been recognized as a key player. However, the physiological role of Ca2+ release via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) from endoplasmic reticulum in regulating VSMC proliferation has not been well determined.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Both in vitro cell culture models and in vivo mouse models were generated to investigate the role of IP3Rs in regulating VSMC proliferation. Expression of all 3 IP3R subtypes was increased in cultured VSMCs upon platelet-derived growth factor-BB and FBS stimulation as well as in the left carotid artery undergoing intimal thickening after vascular occlusion. Genetic ablation of all 3 IP3R subtypes abolished endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in cultured VSMCs, significantly reduced cell proliferation induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB and FBS stimulation, and also decreased cell migration of VSMCs. Furthermore, smooth muscle-specific deletion of all IP3R subtypes in adult mice dramatically attenuated neointima formation induced by left carotid artery ligation, accompanied by significant decreases in cell proliferation and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in injured vessels. Mechanistically, IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release may activate cAMP response element-binding protein, a key player in controlling VSMC proliferation, via Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and Akt. Loss of IP3Rs suppressed cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation at Ser133 in both cultured VSMCs and injured vessels, whereas application of Ca2+ permeable ionophore, ionomycin, can reverse cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation in IP3R triple knockout VSMCs.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated an essential role of IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum in regulating cAMP response element-binding protein activation, VSMC proliferation, and neointima formation in mouse arteries.
Renal and Liver Disease: Increased plasma concentrations of paroxetine occur in subjects with renal and hepatic impairment. The mean plasma concentrations in patients with creatinine clearance below 30 mL/min. were approximately 4 times greater than seen in normal volunteers. Patients with creatinine clearance of 30 to 60 mL/min. and patients with hepatic functional impairment had about a 2-fold increase in plasma concentrations (AUC, Cmax).  
  
The initial dosage should therefore be reduced in patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment, and upward titration, if necessary, should be at increased intervals (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).  
  
Elderly Patients: In a multiple-dose study in the elderly at daily paroxetine doses of 20, 30, and 40 mg, Cmin concentrations were about 70% to 80% greater than the respective Cmin concentrations in nonelderly subjects. Therefore the initial dosage in the elderly should be reduced (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Pregnant women who did not smoke during pregnancy will be separated as Group NS. Local anesthetic dose adjusted for height and weight and 20 µg fentanyl will be administered intrathecally. Results regarding the effectiveness of spinal anesthesia will be monitored.
BACKGROUND: At present, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remains the most frequently utilized parameter in the evaluation of kidney injury severity. Numerous equations have been formulated based on serum creatinine (Scr) or serum cystatin C (Cysc) levels. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the efficacy of these equations in assessing eGFR, particularly for elderly individuals in China. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the MDRD, MDRDc, CKD-EPI series, BIS1, and FAS equations within the Chinese elderly population.
METHODS: A cohort of 298 elderly patients with measured GFR (mGFR) was enrolled. The patients were categorized into three subgroups based on their mGFR levels. The eGFR performance was examined, taking into account bias, interquartile range (IQR), accuracy P30, and root-mean-square error (RMSE). Bland-Altman plots were employed to verify the validity of eGFR.
RESULTS: The participants had a median age of 71 years, with 167 (56.0%) being male. Overall, no significant differences in bias were observed among the seven equations (P > 0.05). In terms of IQR, P30, and RMSE, the BIS1 equation demonstrated superior accuracy (14.61, 72.1%, and 13.53, respectively). When mGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2, all equations underestimated the true GFR, with the highest accuracy reaching only 59%. Bland-Altman plots indicated that the BIS1 equation exhibited the highest accuracy, featuring a 95% confidence interval (CI) width of 52.37.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that the BIS1 equation stands out as the most applicable for estimating GFR in Chinese elderly patients with normal renal function or only moderate decline. 2020NL-085-03, 2020.08.10, retrospectively registered.
This is a planning trial to optimize procedures for a larger clinical trial. Participants will be randomized into one of two groups--an active group that has intervention training after initial visit and a wait control group that begins intervention after 12 weeks. All participants will receive in-lab baseline testing including IQ (WASI-II), a medical/psychiatric history questionnaire, a depression screen (Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form) and a pre-training battery that includes selected tests from the NIH toolbox, the Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), a Useful Field of View task (UFOV), a driving simulator task, a dual (motor-cognitive) task, an n-back task with and without distractors(with EEG) and 6 minutes of resting state EEG. Participants will be trained to use the game system and play the game at the pre-training in-lab visit. Participants will be provided with a PC with eye-tracker that has training game software installed. Participants will play intervention training games at home for 8-12 weeks with in-lab assessments (the pre-training battery described above). Participants will be asked to play the training games a minimum of 5 times per week for 30 minutes at a time. Compliance will be monitored daily over a secure internet connection. If a participant has played less than the required time in a given week, a research associate will contact the participant to inquire about potential problems and to encourage the participant to resume or increase training time. The first group of 36 participants will receive post-training assessments at 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 months. The second group of 36 participants will have an additional pre-training session with structural and functional imaging and will receive only pre- and post-training assessment.
PURPOSE:To obtain a photochromic titanium oxide compd. by adding a specified metal or metal compd. to titanium oxide and firing them in the presence of sodium oxide. CONSTITUTION:An org. titanium compd. such as titanium alkoxide or a titanium compd. such as a titania sol is dissolved in an org. solvent, water, etc., and a substrate is coated with the resulting soln. in a desired thickness to form a thin film. After the solvent is evaporated, partial hydrolysis is carried out by contact with steam to form thin chips of a (org.) titanium compd. and 0.2-8.0wt.% (expressed in terms of metal oxides) metal compds. of one or more among Si, Zn, Al, Ce, Co, Nb and Zr for imparting photochromism and 0.1-7.0wt.% (expressed in terms of sodium oxide) sodium compd. are added to 85.0-99.7wt.% of the thin chips. They are fired at 500-750 deg.C to obtain a photochromic titanium oxide compd.
Pectus excavatum is a relatively common congenital deformity of the chest wall with an incidence of approximately 1 in every 300 births. They find that they have difficulty keeping up with their peers when playing aerobic sports. Furthermore, these patients, already embarrassed by their deformity, will avoid situations where they have to take their shirt off in front of other children, again contributing to less participation in school and team activities. Some patients may exhibit depression by withdrawing from activities with their peers and a declining quality of schoolwork. Most pectus patients have a typical geriatric or pectus posture that includes thoracic kyphosis, forward sloping shoulders and anterior pelvic tilt. A sedentary lifestyle may aggravate this posture, and the poor posture depresses the sternum even further. For this reason, the authors recommend an aggressive pectus posture exercise and breathing program.

Based on the hypothesis that the chest wall is still bendable during adolescence and that the sternum and costal ribs can be reshaped in a normal position with the external suppressor applied on the deformity, the vacuum bell, an orthosis, has been used in the conservative treatment of PE. It is the center of attention as it is an alternative method to surgery for patients.It is thought that by strengthening muscle strength and tone with exercise training, the severity of chest wall deformities can be reduced or at least prevented from progressing. It is stated that a good cosmetic appearance can be provided by exercise training especially by creating a large muscle mass on the anterior chest wall. In the single case study conducted by Canavan and Cahalin (Canavan and Cahalin, 2000) on the effect of exercise training, after 8 weeks of exercise training, the pectus severity index changed by 60% (50 millimeter decreased from 20 millimeter), and during recreational activities and shoulder pain was not found. Therefore, the investigators aimed to investigate the effectiveness of exercise therapy in addition to vacuum bell therapy.
Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfates Solution for Irrigation is a concentrated sterile antibiotic solution to be diluted for urinary bladder irrigation. Each mL contains neomycin sulfate equivalent to 40 mg neomycin base, 200,000 units polymyxin B sulfate, and Water for Injection, inactive ingredient: sulfuric acid. The 20-mL multiple dose vial contains, in addition to the above, 1 mg methylparaben (0.1%) added as a preservative.

Neomycin sulfate, an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside group, is the sulfate salt of neomycin B and C produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It has a potency equivalent to not less than 600 mcg of neomycin per mg. The structural formulae are: 

Polymyxin B sulfate, a polypeptide antibiotic, is the sulfate salt of polymyxin B 1 and B 2 produced by the growth of Bacillus polymyxa. It has a potency of not less than 6,000 polymyxin B units per mg. The structural formulae are:
The investigators propose conducting a double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study examining the effects of BHV-0223 on public speaking anxiety. Twenty participants with DSM-5 defined social anxiety disorder and clinically significant public speaking anxiety on the Impromptu Speech Task will be enrolled in a challenge study. Participants will be given BHV-0223 (or placebo) under double-blind crossover conditions 1 hour prior to performing each of 2 impromptu speech tasks. The two study days involving BHV-0223 (or placebo) administration and impromptu speech task will be separated by 2 to 10 days to allow for medication washout. There will be a final follow-up visit 2 to 10 days later to perform a complete Physical exam and do follow-up liver function testing and a Complete Blood Count. Our primary outcome will examine BHV-0223's effects (compared to placebo) on self-rated anxiety during the impromptu speech task. The investigators will also collect physiological measures of anxiety, clinician-rated measures of anxiety, and measures of speech performance as secondary outcomes.
This study is designed as a single-arm, open-label, multi-center study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fespixon Cream for the treatment of pressure injury in sacrum wound. The duration of this study is: run in/ screen phase (2 weeks); treatment phase (16 weeks); follow-up phase (4 weeks), and visits are conducted every 2 weeks for a total of 12 visits. During the treatment phase, the Fespixon cream will be applied to the target ulcer once a day for a maximum period of 16 weeks, until the wound/ulcer closure (wound size of 0) for two consecutive visits at least 2 weeks apart, or until the subject exited the study as treatment failure. After that, all subjects regardless of wound healing at the end of the treatment phase will be followed for 4 weeks. During the follow-up phase, standard of care will be used for subjects who have unhealed or with recurrent wounds.

At each visit, the size and changes of the target pressure ulcer are recorded by photographing. The target pressure ulcer area in the photo is calculated using Image Pro® PLUS software.
The purpose of the present clinical trial was to determine the impact of zinc supplementation on serum liver enzymes, steatosis severity, lipid profile, and inflammatory status in overweight or obese children with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This randomized controlled trial was conducted by enrolling 60 children with NASH, aged 10-18 years old. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups that received either 30 mg/day of elemental zinc or placebo for 16 weeks. The severity of liver steatosis was evaluated using liver ultrasonography. Fasting blood samples were collected from each patient at the beginning and after 16 weeks of intervention to measure biochemical parameters. Following a 16-week intervention, zinc supplementation compared with placebo significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and considerably enhanced HDL-cholesterol values. However, zinc intake had no considerable impact on aspartate aminotransferase, the severity of liver steatosis, anthropometric parameters, and other lipid indices versus the placebo group. Overall, zinc supplementation showed a promising impact on serum ALT, HDL-cholesterol, and inflammatory status in overweight or obese children suffering from NASH. Zinc supplementation may be a new strategy for the amelioration of NASH in overweight or obese children. This trial has been registered on the Iranian website for registration of clinical trials with the special ID of IRCT20200531047614N1 ( https://www.irct.ir/trial/48543 ).
PURPOSE:To obtain the subject new derivative useful as a reagent, a medicine, etc., having carcinostatic activity, useful for producing a vaccine, diagnosing viral infection, etc., providing an intermediate having multiplying action on virus, containing an alkylthio group at the 5-position. CONSTITUTION:A new ribofuranose derivative of formula I (R<1> is a 11-20C alkyl) having carcinostatic action (e.g. 5-deoxy-5-dodecylthio-D-ribofuranose) and its salt. A new ribofuranose derivative of formula II (R<2> is H or a 1-6C lower alkyl; R<3> and R<4> are a 1-6C lower alkyl or mutually bonded to form a 1-8C alkylidene) (e.g. methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-deoxy-5-dodecylthio-D- ribofuranoside) and its salt having excellent virus multiplying activity, useful for producing vaccine, diagnosing viral infection and useful as a biochemical reagent are used as synthetic intermediates for the compound of formula I. The compound of formula I is obtained by reacting a compound of formula II in 1 N sulfuric acid under heating at 100 deg.C.
A plaster for treating cervical spondylosis and a preparing method thereof are disclosed. The plaster is prepared from following raw materials by weight: 10-15 parts of rhizoma coptidis, 40-60 parts of rhiizoma dioscoreae from Henan of China, 15-20 parts of radix codonopsitis, 20-30 parts of vitex trifolia, 20-30 parts of herb of common clubmoss, 10-15 parts of carthamus tinctorius, 20-30 parts of madeiravine bulbil, 20-30 parts of parthenocissus tricuspidata, 10-20 parts of futokadsura stem, 10-20 parts of piper wallichii, 40-50 parts of piper hancei, 20-30 parts of lotus root starch, 5-10 parts of hyaluronic acid, 15-20 parts of chitosan, 120-150 parts of walnut oil and 150-200 parts of purified water. Medicine components are synergistic. Medicine efficacy is enhanced and medicine absorption is improved. The plaster has obvious treating effects for the cervical spondylosis. The plaster is free of side and toxic effects, and can avoid adverse side and toxic effects brought by some oral drugs for liver, kidney, and the like of a patient.