anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Despite advancements in total mesorectal excision (TME) and neoadjuvant radiotherapy, locally advanced rectal cancer remains challenging, impacting patient quality of life and mortality. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for local recurrence in locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and assess treatment strategies for recurrence.
METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 682 patients diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer who were treated with neoadjuvant CRT and TME at Samsung Medical Center from 2008 to 2017. The exclusion criteria ensured a homogenous cohort. Clinical staging involved colonoscopies, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and digital rectal exam. Risk factors, treatment modalities, and oncological outcomes for local recurrence were evaluated.
RESULT: During a median 62-month follow-up, 47 patients (6.9 %) experienced local recurrence. The risk factors for local recurrence included a positive circumferential resection margin (CRM), venous invasion, and perineural invasion. Of the 47 patients with local recurrence, 25 (53.2 %) were considered resectable. Out of these, 23 patients underwent curative resections, and 15 (65.2 %) achieved R0 resection. Patients with R0 resections exhibited superior 5-year survival rates compared to R1-2 resection or non-surgical treatment, and there was no survival difference between R1-2 resection and non-surgical treatment.
CONCLUSION: In locally advanced rectal cancer, positive CRM, venous invasion, and perineural invasion were associated with local recurrence. R0 resection showed favorable outcomes, emphasizing the importance of surveillance in high-risk patients. Treatment decisions should consider these factors for improved oncologic outcomes and quality of life.
One dose of oral premedication of Gabapentin 10 mg kg-1 given at least 30 but not more than 90 minutes before surgery. Max dose is 600mg.
The optimal dose of Calcitriol Injection must be carefully determined for each patient.

The effectiveness of Calcitriol Injection therapy is predicated on the assumption that each patient is receiving an adequate and appropriate daily intake of calcium. The RDA for calcium in adults is 800 mg. To ensure that each patient receives an adequate daily intake of calcium, the physician should either prescribe a calcium supplement or instruct the patient in proper dietary measures.

The recommended initial dose of Calcitriol Injection, depending on the severity of the hypocalcemia and/or secondary hyperparathyroidism, is 1 mcg (0.02 mcg/kg) to 2 mcg administered three times weekly, approximately every other day. Doses as small as 0.5 mcg and as large as 4 mcg three times weekly have been used as an initial dose. If a satisfactory response is not observed, the dose may be increased by 0.5 to 1 mcg at two to four week intervals. During this titration period, serum calcium and phosphorus levels should be obtained at least twice weekly. If hypercalcemia or a serum calcium times phosphate product greater than 70 is noted, the drug should be immediately discontinued until these parameters are appropriate. Then, the Calcitriol Injection dose should be reinitiated at a lower dose. Doses may need to be reduced as the PTH levels decrease in response to the therapy. Thus, incremental dosing must be individualized and commensurate with PTH, serum calcium and phosphorus levels. The following is a suggested approach in dose titration:

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Discard unused portion.
* Calculate the dose (grams) and determine the number of vial(s) needed.
  * Visually inspect the contents of the vial for particulate matter and discoloration. Discard the vial(s) if discolored or contains visible particulates.
  * Withdraw the calculated dose from the vial(s) into a syringe or transfer the calculated dose into an empty infusion bag.
  * Use immediately after withdrawing into a syringe or transferring to an empty infusion bag. If not used immediately, PEDMARK can be stored in an infusion bag for no more than 18 hours at 20°C to 22°C (68°F to 72°F). Discard unused portion.



No incompatibilities have been observed between PEDMARK with infusion bags made of polyvinyl chloride, ethylene vinyl acetate, or polyolephin.
Disclosed is a nutritional supplement composition including effective amounts of Coenzyme Q10, fish oil, vitamin D and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Described is a method of promoting nutritional health comprising administering a nutritional supplement composition including Coenzyme Q10, fish oil, vitamin D and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient to a subject. The nutritional supplement composition may further include flax seed oil, borage oil, evening primrose oil, vitamin E, resveratrol, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, piperine and combinations. In some embodiments, administering Administering the nutritional supplement may ameliorate nutrient depletion, or promote cardiovascular health, liver health, or both. The nutritional supplement may be used to promote nutritional health taking a cholesterol lowering drug. The nutritional supplement may be used to ameliorate nutrient depletion taking a cholesterol lowering drug. The cholesterol lowering drug may be a statin.
Patients with stage I or II NSCLC in the peripheral lung undergo highest-dose of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy over a single treatment fraction on day 1. Patients then undergo thoracic surgery on day 28.
Cisplatin-eligible subjects receive gemcitabine/cisplatin every 21 days, repeated for 4 cycles. (Subjects with Ccr of 50-59 mL/min must follow split dosing of cisplatin over two days) . Pembrolizumab at RP2D is given every 21 days for 5 doses starting C1D8. Note: the last dose of pembrolizumab falls on what would be day 8 of a 5th 'chemo' cycle, however gemcitabine/cisplatin is NOT GIVEN. Subjects will then have consolidative surgery to remove their primary tumor within 2-7 weeks after their last dose of neoadjuvant therapy.
HBV reactivation in cancer patients is important not only for directly affecting severe hepatic failure but also for delaying of the further cancer treatments which may cause reduction of overall survival. Thus the guidelines according to the previous studies and other follow-up of randomized studies revealed that patients with positive HbsAg should be administered with preemptive antiviral therapy at least 6 month or more.

However, ideal duration for preemptive antiviral therapy to suppress viral reactivation and withdrawal hepatitis is not clearly identified at present time. It is because previous data just dealt with the efficiency of preemptive antiviral therapy, but most of them did not analyze the outcomes after withdrawal of antiviral therapy. Frequent late-onset reactivation hepatitis in association with preemptive antiviral therapy is mainly due to drug-resistance or post-withdrawal manifestation. Drug-resistance was mainly associated with lamivudine which is now substituted by entecavir or tenofovir which produce lower incidence of resistance (\< 1.2% at 6 years). Therefore, the only issue at present is withdrawal hepatitis which may be due to early cessation of the antiviral drug.
Retropharyngeal goitre extending to the oropharyngeal level is rare. We present a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with a retropharyngeal cystic goitre extending to the uvular level. A woman in her 50s presented with swelling of the neck and dyspnoea. CT and MRI findings showed a primary tumour in the left lobe of the thyroid gland and a retropharyngeal dumbbell-shaped cystic goitre extending to the uvular level. Total thyroidectomy, central neck dissection and tracheostomy were performed. During the surgery, we opened the retropharyngeal space, and no mass was found. The pathological findings showed that the primary PTC (pT2) was surrounded by benign lesions, including the dumbbell-shaped cystic goitre. We speculated that the dumbbell-shaped cystic goitre extended from the visceral space (VS) into the pharyngeal mucosal space (PMS) and reached the uvular level because the thyroid gland is in the VS, and the VS and PMS are continuous spaces.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a multi-agent type bleaching agent or oxidation hair dye capable of suppressing the mixed agent from dropping down from hair when applying or being left alone and capable of well bleaching or dyeing the air.SOLUTION: The bleaching agent or the oxidation hair dye is a multiagent type bleaching agent or an oxidation hair dye comprising at least the first agent including an alkaline agent and the second agent including an oxidation agent and used as the mixed agent by being mixed. The above first agent or the second agent are each in a liquid shape or a gel shape. In the case of the oxidation hair dye, the above first agent further includes an oxidation dye. At least one of the first agent and the second agent includes at least one kind of the first surfactant component of an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant. At least one of the first agent and the second agent includes a thickening polymer. The mixed agent constituted by mixing the bleaching agent or the oxidation agent hair dye is in a gel shape.
Bardoxolone methyl, which triggers nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), has therapeutic effects against myocardial infarction, heart failure, and other diseases. Nrf2 can inhibit the activation of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway. Doxorubicin is an anthracycline chemotherapeutic drug associated with cardiotoxicity, limiting its clinical use. In this study, we explored the specific mechanism of the Nrf2-TXNIP-NLRP3 pathway in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity using bardoxolone methyl in animal and cell models. Using in vivo and in vitro experiments, we show that doxorubicin can induce oxidative stress and pyroptosis in the heart. Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation experimental results found that doxorubicin can reduce the interaction between TXNIP and TRX, increase the interaction between TXNIP and NLRP3, and activate the pyroptosis process. Bardoxolone methyl reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in cardiomyocytes through the Nrf2 pathway, inhibits the interaction between TXNIP and NLRP3, and alleviates the progression of myocardial damage and cardiac fibrosis. Bardoxolone methyl lost its therapeutic effect when the expression of Nrf2 was decreased. Additionally, repressing the expression of TXNIP can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 and alleviate myocardial damage caused by doxorubicin. Collectively, our findings confirm that bardoxolone methyl alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting the TXNIP-NLRP3 pathway.
The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines and mainly discloses a thermal cracked ginsenoside composition preparation method and a novel use of the thermal cracked ginsenoside composition in preparation of antitumor drugs. Ginsenoside Rg1 is subjected to high temperature thermal cracking so that the thermal cracked ginsenoside composition is obtained. The thermal cracked ginsenoside composition mainly comprises ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh1, 20(R)-Rh1, ginsenoside Rk3 and ginsenoside Rh4. An experiment result shows that the thermal cracked ginsenoside composition has obvious inhibition effects on the mouse transplanted with H22 tumor, can substantially improve tumor mouse immunity, can prolong mouse survival time and can induce tumor cell apoptosis. The thermal cracked ginsenoside composition can be used for preparation of antitumor drugs, health products, food additive or compound preparations. The drug or health product has the existing dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, a powder injection, pills, soft capsules, granules and a patch.
There are two processes that cause diarrhea as the clinical manifestation of graft versus host disease. The first is the obvious immunologic attack on the colonic epithelium of the recipient. Once this immunologic attack has been abated the recipient is left with a colonic mucosa that is devoid of microvilli and has a smooth intestinal boarder. This is frequently subject to superinfections from bacteria all of which cause the diarrhea to continue. Researchers only endpoint to measure clinical response of immunosuppression is the resolution of diarrhea. The human recombinant keratinocyte growth factor stimulates the growth of colonic epithelium. The growth of colonic epithelium will in turn probably ameliorate some of the diarrhea associated with graft versus host disease.
PURPOSE: Hypoplastic pedicles of the thoracolumbar spine (<5 mm diameter) are often found in syndromic deformities of the spine and pose a challenge in pedicle screw instrumentation. 3D-printed patient-specific guides might help overcome anatomical difficulties when instrumenting pedicles with screws, thereby reducing the necessity for less effective fixation methods such as hooks or sublaminar wires. In this study, the surgical feasibility and clinical outcome of patients with hypoplastic pedicles following pedicle screw instrumentation with 3D-printed patient-specific guides were assessed.
METHODS: Hypoplastic pedicles were identified on preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans in six patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery between 2017 and 2020. Based on these preoperative CT scans, patient-specific guides were produced to help with screw instrumentation of these thin pedicles. Postoperatively, pedicle-screw-related complications or revisions were analyzed.
RESULTS: 93/105 (88.6%) pedicle screws placed with patient-specific guides were instrumented. 62/93 (66.7%) of these instrumented pedicles were defined as hypoplastic with a mean width of 3.07 mm (SD  ±0.98 mm, 95% CI [2.82-3.32]). Overall, 6 complications in the 62 hypoplastic pedicles (9.7%) were observed and included intraoperatively managed 4 cerebrospinal fluid leaks, 1 pneumothorax and 1 delayed revision due to 2 lumbar screws (2/62, 3.3%) impinging the L3 nerve root causing a painful radiculopathy. The mean follow-up time was 26.7 (SD  ±11.7) months. Complications were only noted when the pedicle-width-to-screw-diameter ratio measured less than 0.62.
CONCLUSION: Patient-specific 3D-printed guides can aid in challenging instrumentation of hypoplastic pedicles in the thoracolumbar spine, especially if the pedicle-width-to-screw-diameter ratio is greater than 0.62.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bathing agent composition comprising ascorbic acid formulated therein and stable with time.  <P>SOLUTION: Chlorine contained in tap water is well known to adversely affect the skin. There are advantages in receiving essential effects of hot spring at home when a component reducing the chlorine in the bathing agent comprising an inorganic salt such as a hot spring component, etc., formulated therein. Although ascorbic acid having reducing effects is unstable with time, a bathing agent stable with time is prepared when formulating the ascorbic acid and inorganic salt in combination. The particle diameter of the inorganic salt is preferably 0.1 mm and the content thereof is preferably 30-98%, especially 50-90% in the bathing agent composition.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
PURPOSE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) poses a significant global health burden despite being largely preventable and treatable. Despite the availability of guidelines, COPD care remains suboptimal in many settings, including high-income countries (HICs) and upper-middle-income countries (UMICs), with varied approaches to diagnosis and management. This study aimed to identify common and unique barriers to COPD care across six countries (Australia, Spain, Taiwan, Argentina, Mexico, and Russia) to inform global policy initiatives for improved care.
METHODS: COPD care pathways were mapped for each country and supplemented with epidemiological, health-economic, and clinical data from a targeted literature review. Semi-structured interviews with 17 respiratory care clinicians were used to further validate the pathways and identify key barriers. Thematic content analysis was used to generate the themes.
RESULTS: Six themes were common in most HICs and UMICs: "Challenges in COPD diagnosis", "Strengthening the role of primary care", "Fragmented healthcare systems and coordination challenges", "Inadequate management of COPD exacerbations", "Limited access to specialized care" and, "Impact of underfinanced and overloaded healthcare systems". One theme, "Insurance coverage and reimbursement challenges", was more relevant for UMICs. HICs and UMICs differ in patient and healthcare provider awareness, primary care involvement, spirometry access, and availability of specialized care. Both face issues with healthcare fragmentation, guideline adherence, and COPD exacerbation management. In addition, UMICs also grapple with resource limitations and healthcare infrastructure challenges.
CONCLUSION: Many challenges to COPD care are the same in both HICs and UMICs, underscoring the pervasive nature of these issues. While country-specific issues require customized solutions, there are untapped possibilities for implementing global respiratory strategies that support countries to manage COPD effectively. In addition to healthcare system-level initiatives, there is a crucial need for political prioritization of COPD to allocate the essential resources it requires.
A liposome mixt.-stabilized compsn. comprises a non-ionic active agent, a compsn. combined the agent with polyhydric alcohol, an antiseptic of benzoic acids and a resin as an emulsifying stabilizer. The active agent is sugar ester of formula (I) [R= alkyl  produced from sugar and fatty acid. The antiseptic is pref. paraoxy benzoic acid methyl and propyl, or sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate. The compsn. is useful for moisture creams, and has good skin beauty effects.
Freediving is a type of diving in which divers rely solely on how long they can hold their breath underwater during their dive, which is why it can also be referred to as 'breath-hold diving'. Unlike scuba (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) diving, individuals do not require training or licencing to perform freediving and may not be aware of the risks of this activity. This paper presents a case in which coastguards retrieved a free diver's lifeless body from the seafloor. In most cases such as this, the deceased individual's cause of death would be ruled as drowning. With the deceased diver's dive computer, we concluded that a shallow water blackout caused him to drown. Data from the dive computer were extracted, graphed, and analysed to explain how a skilled swimmer and diver drowned on one of his seemingly ordinary diving trips. The dive computer can be the sole witness to a fatal dive event and provide invaluable information to forensic scientists since the diver is almost always alone. To our knowledge of the available literature, dive computers have been used in scuba diving fatality investigations; however, we believe that they have not been used in death investigations of breath-hold divers. Deficient or hasty conclusions are often based solely on autopsy findings without data collected by diving technicians and investigators. It is crucial to wait to draw conclusions until all possible dive information has been gathered and studied. This study discusses the deficiency in presenting a reasonable idea to the grieving family and friends of how their beloved relative could have drowned even though he was known to be a fit and skilled diver and avid swimmer.
Despite advances in systemic chemotherapy, patients with stage IV NSCLC will die from their disease. The median survival of all patients is 8-16 months, with a one year-survival rate of 33%. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment of advanced disease. Based on available data from randomized trials, current treatment recommendations are to treat with one of several effective cisplatin-doublets which have resulted in median survival of 16 to 18 months. Second line chemotherapy is able to improve outcome in patients who have had prior cisplatin therapy. Although these important milestones represent improvements in the care of patients with metastatic NSCLC, outcome has not been able to be further improved by substituting one active drug for another in a platinum-based doublet, treating patients with more than four cycles of chemotherapy or by using cisplatin-based triplets. It is clear that if we are to improve outcome of NSCLC patients, we will need to develop drugs with novel mechanisms of action that perhaps will inhibit major cellular signaling pathways affecting survival, proliferation and angiogenesis. One new compound, BAY 43-9006, was designed to inhibit Raf and is also known to inhibit other kinases including VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFR-beta, Flt3, c-KIT, and p38(1). BAY 43-9006 has shown in vitro activity against NSCLC cell lines NCI-H460 and A549 with tumor growth inhibition of 27% to 68%. In addition, BAY 43-9006 has shown activity in the H460 NSCLC xenograft model. In NSCLC, the proliferation signaling of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is increased due to the frequent (30%) presence of K-ras mutations in the tumor. Mutations in K-ras have been associated with malignant transformation of normal epithelium and constitutive activation of p21 and its downstream effects on cellular proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. Clinical observations have shown that tumors with K-ras mutations tended to be smaller but more poorly differentiated, and associated with a significantly worse three-year mortality rate. As mentioned above, other pathways significant to the malignant potential of NSCLC, particularly those involved in angiogenesis, may also be affected by BAY 43-9006. The in vitro and in vivo data support the clinical investigation of BAY 43-9006 as an inhibitor of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK downstream proliferation effects. The goal of this phase II trial is to determinate if BAY 43-9006 is active in NSCLC, and to measure the BAY 43-9006 biological effects on the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. To achieve these goals, patients with relapsed or recurrent NSCLC will be given BAY 43-9006 (four weeks cycle of 400mg PO BID). A series of correlative studies will be done during treatment to measure biological and clinical effects of BAY 43-9006. These studies will include analyses of tissue and blood samples as well as correlative imaging studies.
The "Migrant Elderly Women with Chronic Diseases" in the intervention group, who will receive Health Seeking Behavior Training based on Motivational Interviewing Techniques, will be divided into four groups (the researcher conducting the intervention will interview the individuals in the 4 groups individually for 4 days). The interviews will be conducted 4 days a week (Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday) and the Health Seeking Behavior Training based on Motivational Interviewing Techniques, which lasts 4 weeks and each session is approximately 30-35 minutes, will be applied face-to-face.