anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in machine learning, particularly deep neural network architectures, have shown substantial promise in classifying and predicting cardiac abnormalities from electrocardiogram (ECG) data. Such data are rich in information content, typically in morphology and timing, due to the close correlation between cardiac function and the ECG. However, the ECG is usually not measured ubiquitously in a passive manner from consumer devices, and generally requires 'active' sampling whereby the user prompts a device to take an ECG measurement. Conversely, photoplethysmography (PPG) data are typically measured passively by consumer devices, and therefore available for long-period monitoring and suitable in duration for identifying transient cardiac events. However, classifying or predicting cardiac abnormalities from the PPG is very difficult, because it is a peripherally-measured signal. Hence, the use of the PPG for predictive inference is often limited to deriving physiological parameters (heart rate, breathing rate, etc.) or for obvious abnormalities in cardiac timing, such as atrial fibrillation/flutter ("palpitations"). This work aims to combine the best of both worlds: using continuously-monitored, near-ubiquitous PPG to identify periods of sufficient abnormality in the PPG such that prompting the user to take an ECG would be informative of cardiac risk. We propose a dual-convolutional-attention network (DCA-Net) to achieve this ECG-based PPG classification. With DCA-Net, we prove the plausibility of this concept on MIMIC Waveform Database with high performance level (AUROC 0.9 and AUPRC 0.7) and receive satisfactory result when testing the model on an independent dataset (AUROC 0.7 and AUPRC 0.6) which it is not perfectly-matched to the MIMIC dataset.
BACKGROUND: There is limited understanding of alteration of gut microbiota and metabolome in children with sepsis/septic shock.
METHODS: In this prospective observational study carried out in a pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care center from 2020 to 2022, patients aged <17 years with sepsis/septic shock and healthy children (HC) were enrolled. We characterized the gut bacterial compositions by metagenome sequencing and metabolomes by untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The primary outcome was to compare the gut microbiota and metabolome of children with sepsis/septic shock with that of HC. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was compared between children with sepsis/septic shock and HC. Key secondary outcomes were to evaluate association of factors associated with a low F/B ratio in children with sepsis/septic shock.
RESULTS: A total of 40 children (63% boys) (15 children with sepsis and septic shock and 10 healthy children) with a median (IQR) age of 5.5 (1.5, 10) years were enrolled. In the fecal microbiota, the α-diversity index including Shannon and Simpson indices of the sepsis/septic shock groups was significantly lower than that of the HC. The samples lacked beneficial Bifidobacterium spp. and were dominated by Bacteroides, Enterobacteriaceae, and Enterococcaceae. There was reduction in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in patients with sepsis/septic shock as compared to healthy children. A lower F/B ratio (≤1.57) of the gut microbiota discriminated well between children with sepsis/septic shock and HC. Factors associated with lower F/B ratio were male gender, clinical GI dysfunction, elevated inflammatory markers, and higher organ failure scores.
CONCLUSION: There were significant alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolome in children with sepsis/septic shock as compared to healthy children. Larger study is needed to confirm these exploratory findings and develop potential therapeutic targets that will improve outcomes in children with sepsis/septic shock.
INTRODUCTION: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic cells confined within the mammary ducts, is distinctly isolated from the surrounding stroma by an almost uninterrupted layer of myoepithelial cells (MECs) and by the basement membrane. Heightened interactions within the adipose microenvironment, particularly in obese patients, may play a key role in the transition from DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), which is attracting growing interest in scientific research. Adipose tissue undergoes metabolic changes in obesity, impacting adipokine secretion and promoting chronic inflammation. This study aimed to assess the interactions between DCIS, including in situ cancer cells and MECs, and the various components of its inflammatory adipose microenvironment (adipocytes and macrophages).
METHODS: To this end, a 3D co-culture model was developed using bicellular bi-fluorescent DCIS-like tumoroids, adipose cells, and macrophages to investigate the influence of the inflammatory adipose microenvironment on DCIS progression.
RESULTS: The 3D co-culture model demonstrated an inhibition of the expression of genes involved in apoptosis (BAX, BAG1, BCL2, CASP3, CASP8, and CASP9), and an increase in genes related to cell survival (TP53, JUN, and TGFB1), inflammation (TNF-α, PTGS2, IL-6R), invasion and metastasis (TIMP1 and MMP-9) in cancer cells of the tumoroids under inflammatory conditions versus a non-inflammatory microenvironment. On the contrary, it confirmed the compromised functionality of MECs, resulting in the loss of their protective effects against cancer cells. Adipocytes from obese women showed a significant increase in the expression of all studied myofibroblast-associated genes (myoCAFs), such as FAP and α-SMA. In contrast, adipocytes from normal-weight women expressed markers of inflammatory fibroblast phenotypes (iCAF) characterized by a significant increase in the expression of LIF and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and CXCL-10. These changes also influenced macrophage polarization, leading to a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. In contrast, myoCAF-associated adipocytes, and the cancer-promoting microenvironment polarized macrophages towards an M2 phenotype, characterized by high CD163 receptor expression and IL-10 and TGF-β secretion.
DISCUSSION: Reciprocal interactions between the tumoroid and its microenvironment, particularly in obesity, led to transcriptomic changes in adipocytes and macrophages, may participate in breast cancer progression while disrupting the integrity of the MEC layer. These results underlined the importance of adipose tissue in cancer progression.
A medical device is loaded with a number of therapeutic agents using a corresponding method to apply a medicated ink mark. The resulting medical device can include surface activation of an immobilizing medication, controlled medication release, and the ability to use dyes or pigments to delineate different active ingredients by location and dosage. The active medicinal compounds can be placed on selective areas of the medical device. The medical device having the medicated ink mark can provide a detectable and dosemetric controllable delivery to a specific targeted and localized location to provide the maximum therapeutic benefit. The medicated ink may be applied to the medical device by a number of different methods, by a manufacturer or by the user at the time of medical device use. Dimensions of the markings printed onto the medical device can further serve to control and identify to the user the dosage amount of the medical agent available on the marked medical device. Multiple types of medical agents with multiple application methods can be used. The medicated ink can be dyed, pigmented, or used as a colorless vehicle for the compound of interest, and can be formulated to incorporate either immobilized or exuding active agents onto the medical device.
This study aims to understand the predictors of adaptation among primary caregivers of children with a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). PDD presents particular challenges for caregivers because of the communication and socialization challenges of affected children, as well as the uncertainty surrounding the cause, prognosis and recurrence risks. The literature suggests that these challenges may make the process of adapting to having a child with a PDD different than it is for other chronic conditions. This study of caregivers is based on Lazarus and Folkman s Transactional Model of Stress and Coping. A cross-sectional design will be used to investigate the relationships among causal attributions, control perceptions, coping and adaptation. Caregivers will be recruited from support groups, listservs and magazines targeted to autism and other PDDs. Participants will be asked to complete either a web-based or paper survey. The main outcome measure is psychological adaptation to caregiving a child with PDD.
It is unknown whether central vein stenosis occurs after temporary or long term hemodialysis catheter in long-term hemodialysis patients. this study will aim to explore this question. Study design is randomized, controlled trial. One arm is temporary catheters in the internal jugular vein, and another arm is tunneled cuffed hemodialysis cather. 2\*2 is randomly distributed.

The main outcome: central vein stenosis diagnosed by venography. The secondary outcome: the time of infection, and catheter patency. Study period: one year
VOXZOGO contains vosoritide, a human C type natriuretic peptide (CNP) analog. Vosoritide is a 39 amino acid peptide. Its amino acid sequence includes the 37 C terminal amino acids of the human CNP53 sequence plus Pro Gly on the N terminus to convey resistance to neutral endopeptidase (NEP) degradation. Vosoritide is manufactured from Escherichia coli using recombinant DNA technology. Vosoritide has a chemical formula of C176H290N56O51S3 with a molecular weight of 4.1 kDa.

Vosoritide has the structural formula shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1

VOXZOGO (vosoritide) for injection, is a sterile, preservative-free white-to-yellow lyophilized powder, for subcutaneous administration after reconstitution with Sterile Water for Injection, USP.

VOXZOGO is provided as a single-dose vial containing 0.4 mg, 0.56 mg, or 1.2 mg of vosoritide per vial. A pre-filled syringe containing Sterile Water for Injection, USP for use as a diluent is also provided. The contents of each single dose vial are summarized by strength in Table 4. The product contains no preservative.
Early cyanobacterial blooms studies observed that exposure to blue-green algae led to fish gills impairment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxic mechanisms of exudates of Microcystis aeruginosa (MaE) on fish gills. In this study, the toxic mechanism of MaE (2×106 cells/mL) and one of its main components phytosphingosine (PHS) with two concentrations 2.9 ng/mL and 145 ng/mL were conducted by integrating histopathology, biochemical biomarkers, and transcriptomics techniques in Sinocyclocheilus grahami (S. grahami) for 96 h exposure. Damaged gill tissue with epithelial hyperplasia and hypertrophy, remarkable Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) enzyme activity, disrupted the redox homeostats including lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses were observed in the fish of MaE exposure group. Compare to MaE exposure, two concentrations of PHS exposure appeared to be a trend of lower degree of tissue damage, NKA activity and oxidative stress, but induced obviously lipid metabolism disorder with higher triglycerides, total cholesterol and total bile acid, which might be responsible for inflammation responses in fish gill. By transcriptome analysis, MaE exposure were primarily enriched in pathways related to gill function and immune response. PHS exposure, with higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), were enriched in Toll-like receptor (TLR), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathways. We concluded that MaE and PHS were induced the inflammatory responses, with oxidative stress-induced inflammation for MaE exposure but lipid metabolism disorder-induced inflammation for PHS exposure. The present study provided two toxin-induced gill inflammation response pathways under cyanobacterial blooms, which could be a scientific basis for the ecological and health risk assessment in the aquatic environment.
Approximately 20 participants whose most recent anti-cancer therapy consisted of single-agent programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade and achieved best response of confirmed complete or partial response, or stable disease will receive GDC-0919, at the MTD or maximum administered dose (MAD) determined during the dose-escalation stage, in combination with atezolizumab. Treatment may continue until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression with an unfavorable risk-benefit ratio.
No application will be made by the researcher to the patients in the control group. Patients will continue with their prescriptions and physician visit routines. The scales will be administered to the patients in this group at the beginning of the study and at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject composition that can separate a plurality of water-soluble components and further can improve the taste by allowing the composition to include water-soluble components originating from guarana, water, water-soluble polyol-fatty acid ester in a specific proportion. SOLUTION: The objective composition includes water-soluble components originating from guarana, water and water-soluble polyol fatty acid ester where the amount of the water-soluble polyol fatty acid ester is 0.01-25 pts.wt. per 100 pts.wt. of the whole amounts of the water-soluble guarana components and water. In another embodiment, this composition contains water-soluble components originating from guarana, water, a one or more active hydrogen atoms-bearing water-soluble OH group-containing medium, and water-soluble polyol-fatty acid ester in which the amount of' the water-soluble polyol fatty acid ester is 0.01-25 pts.wt. per 100 pts.wt. of water-soluble components originating from guarana, water, and a one or more active hydrogen atoms-bearing, water-soluble OH-group containing medium.
OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy because it is often diagnosed at a late-stage. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is a transcription factor implicated in the progression of various cancer types. However, its role in KRAS-driven pancreatic tumourigenesis remains unclear.
DESIGN: We performed studies with LSL-Kras G12D; Ptf1a-Cre ERT (KCERT) mice or LSL-KrasG12D; LSL-Trp53R172H ; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice crossed with conditional disruption of STAT5 or completed deficiency interleukin (IL)-22. Pancreatitis was induced in mice by administration of cerulein. Pharmacological inhibition of STAT5 on PDAC prevention was studied in the orthotopic transplantation and patient-derived xenografts PDAC model, and KPC mice.
RESULTS: The expression and phosphorylation of STAT5 were higher in human PDAC samples than control samples and high levels of STAT5 in tumour cells were associated with a poorer prognosis. The loss of STAT5 in pancreatic cells substantially reduces the KRAS mutation and pancreatitis-derived acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and PDAC lesions. Mechanistically, we discovered that STAT5 binds directly to the promoters of ADM mediators, hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 1β and HNF4α. Furthermore, STAT5 plays a crucial role in maintaining energy metabolism in tumour cells during PDAC progression. IL-22 signalling induced by chronic inflammation enhances KRAS-mutant-mediated STAT5 phosphorylation. Deficiency of IL-22 signalling slowed the progression of PDAC and ablated STAT5 activation.
CONCLUSION: Collectively, our findings identified pancreatic STAT5 activation as a key downstream effector of oncogenic KRAS signalling that is critical for ADM initiation and PDAC progression, highlighting its potential therapeutic vulnerability.
BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) have a substantial impact on morbidity, healthcare utilization, and functional decline among older adults. Therefore, we systematically reviewed evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in preventing ARIs in older adults.
METHODS: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched until 1 February 2024. RCTs evaluating the use of vitamin D supplements to protect older adults from ARIs were included. Two reviewers independently screened papers, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. Data were summarised as relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Random effects meta-analyses were used to synthesise the results. GRADE was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. All the analysis were performed with Stata version 17.
RESULTS: Twelve trials (41552 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. It showed that vitamin D supplementation probably does not reduce the incidence of ARIs (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.97-1.02, I2 = 0%; moderate certainty). No significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on the risk of ARI was observed for any of the subgroups defined by baseline 25(OH)D concentration, control treatments, dose frequency, study duration, and participants' condition. However, there was a possibility, although not statistically significant, that vitamin D may reduce the risk of ARI in patients with a baseline 25(OH)D concentration <50 nmol/L (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.79-1.04, I2 = 14.7%). Additionally, vitamin D supplements might result in little to no difference in death due to any cause, any adverse event, hypercalcinemia, and kidney stones.
CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D supplementation among older adults probably results in little to no difference in the incidence of ARIs. However, further evidence is needed, particularly for individuals with vitamin D deficiency and populations residing in low and middle income countries.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023451265).
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine preparation methods, and provides a preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicine used for treating thoracic obstructions caused by yin deficiency of heart and kidney. In prior arts, thoracic obstructions caused by yin deficiency of heart and kidney are generally treated by using western medicines, and adverse reactions are easy to occur after medication. The traditional Chinese medicine provided by the invention is prepared from raw materials of: glossy privet fruit, balck-bone silky fowl, noble dendrobium stem herb, dried longan pulp, panas quinquefolium, ligusticum, eucommia, tuber fleeceflower root, tortoise plastron, flastem milkvetch seed, lucid ganoderma, hen egg yolk, barbury wolfberry fruit, chinese holly leaf, sea cucumbers, mulberry, oriental sesame seed, prepared rehmannia root, ligusticum chuanxiong hort, chinese rose flower, salvia miltiorrhiza, garden balsam, leech, fructus polygoni orientalis, humifuse euphorbia herb, corydalis turtschaninovii, native copper, herba artemisiae anomalae, safflower, azalea, brazilwood, chinese honeylocust spine, myrrh, suberect spatholobus stem, frankincense, trumpetweed, tamarisklike spikemoss herb, sisso rosewood, paleaceous knotweed rhizome, Japanese mothorwort fruit, euonymus alatus, curcuma, peach seed, trumpet creeper, wheat, brassica oleracea, and licorice. The traditional Chinese medicine raw materials are infused, and are decocted with slow fire. The obtained medicine liquid is the traditional Chinese medicine used for treating thoracic obstructions caused by yin deficiency of heart and kidney. The traditional Chinese medicine provides stable curative effect. With the medicine, thoracic obstructions are not easy to reoccur.
INTRODUCTION: Toxin-induced seizures differ from seizures occurring in epilepsy and have a high rate of complications. Electroencephalography (EEG) is routinely obtained when there is concern for nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). The purpose of this study was to characterize the typical findings after toxin-induced seizures, assess the rate of epileptiform discharges and NCSE, and identify any changes in management resulting from EEG.
METHODS: Patients older than 16 years who had an EEG during hospitalization for drug-induced seizure or seizure-like activity were included. We reviewed 10 years of data (2013-2022) across our hospital system (four community hospitals and one academic center). Patients with a history of seizures and those with cardiac arrest prior to EEG were excluded. The primary outcome was incidence of epileptiform discharges on EEG. The secondary outcome was number of antiseizure medications (ASM) added after EEG.
RESULTS: A total of 256 encounters were screened with 83 patient encounters included. A total of 53% (44/83) of EEGs showed some degree of generalized slowing. A total of 2.4% (2/83) of cases had epileptiform activity on EEG. No cases of nonconvulsive status were identified. No ASM was started in the two cases where epileptiform discharges were identified.
CONCLUSIONS: During usual care of toxin-induced seizures, epileptiform discharges are uncommon.
Participants recruited from a self-management course are asked to use (single time) a mobile application to support reflection of personal strengths. The participant borrows an Ipad and uses the application to 1) reflect and identify their strengths by reviewing a list of examples, 2) define personal goals, and 3) link strengths to goals.
The invention relates to a drug for treating the climacteric syndrome. The drug is prepared from, by weight, 7 parts of radix asparagi, 13 parts of cortex albiziae, 3 parts of flos mume, 15 parts of radix morindae officinalis, 9 parts of rhizoma sparganii, 5 parts of fructus citri, 13 parts of herba ecliptae and 18 parts of sea-ear shell. Radix asparagi can nourish yin to moisten dryness, clear away the lung-heat and promote the secretion of saliva or body fluid. Cortex albiziae can soothe the nerves and relieve depression, promote blood circulation and relieve carbuncle. Flos mume can soothe liver-qi stagnation, whet the appetite and promote the secretion of saliva or body fluid. Radix morindae officinalis can reinforce kidney to strengthen yang, strengthen tendons and bones, dispel wind and eliminate dampness. Rhizoma sparganii can break stagnated blood and promote the circulation of qi, remove qi stagnation and stop pain. Fructus citri can regulate qi and calm the adverse-rising energy, relax chest and reduce phlegm. Herba ecliptae can tonify the liver and kidney and cool blood for hemostasis. Sea-ear shell can repress liver and clear heat, and improve eyesight and remove nebula. Through combination of the medicinal materials, the functions of replenishing qi and enriching blood, tranquilizing mind by nourishing the heart, warming kidney and replenishing essence and regulating yin and yang are realized. Clinical experiments prove that the drug can treat the climacteric syndrome safely and effectively.