anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Penile erection during sexual stimulation is caused by increased penile blood flow resulting from the relaxation of penile arteries and corpus cavernosal smooth muscle. This response is mediated by the release of nitric oxide (NO) from nerve terminals and endothelial cells, which stimulates the synthesis of cGMP in smooth muscle cells. Cyclic GMP causes smooth muscle relaxation and increased blood flow into the corpus cavernosum. The inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) enhances erectile function by increasing the amount of cGMP. Tadalafil inhibits PDE5. Because sexual stimulation is required to initiate the local release of nitric oxide, the inhibition of PDE5 by tadalafil has no effect in the absence of sexual stimulation.

The effect of PDE5 inhibition on cGMP concentration in the corpus cavernosum and pulmonary arteries is also observed in the smooth muscle of the prostate, the bladder and their vascular supply. The mechanism for reducing BPH symptoms has not been established.

Studies in vitro have demonstrated that tadalafil is a selective inhibitor of PDE5. PDE5 is found in the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum, prostate, and bladder as well as in vascular and visceral smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, urethra, platelets, kidney, lung, cerebellum, heart, liver, testis, seminal vesicle, and pancreas.

In vitro studies have shown that the effect of tadalafil is more potent on PDE5 than on other phosphodiesterases. These studies have shown that tadalafil is >10,000-fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE1, PDE2, PDE4, and PDE7 enzymes, which are found in the heart, brain, blood vessels, liver, leukocytes, skeletal muscle, and other organs. Tadalafil is >10,000-fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE3, an enzyme found in the heart and blood vessels. Additionally, tadalafil is 700-fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE6, which is found in the retina and is responsible for phototransduction. Tadalafil is >9,000-fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE8, PDE9, and PDE10. Tadalafil is 14-fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE11A1 and 40-fold more potent for PDE5 than for PDE11A4, two of the four known forms of PDE11. PDE11 is an enzyme found in human prostate, testes, skeletal muscle and in other tissues (e.g., adrenal cortex). In vitro, tadalafil inhibits human recombinant PDE11A1 and, to a lesser degree, PDE11A4 activities at concentrations within the therapeutic range. The physiological role and clinical consequence of PDE11 inhibition in humans have not been defined.
Peer violence is an important violence exposure for young adolescents and has been linked to later perpetration or experience of violence in intimate relationships. It is an obstacle to learning and may impact school students' mental health. Prevention of peer violence requires an intervention that empowers youth and teaches them empathy and stronger social skills. The non-governmental organisation Right To Play operates in 18 countries and has a flagship programme that is used in all countries that has never been subject to most rigorous evaluation. It is a multi-faceted programme that has at its heart an intervention that is delivered throughout the school year in two 35 minute sessions games following activities from the manual Red Ball Child Play that focus on 4 areas of youth development: physical, cognitive, social, and emotional components. These structural activities are designed to improve critical thinking, confidence and resilience. They are complimented by a range of additional activities including junior leader training for selected promising young leaders, week long summary camps, sports days and activities to engage parents and members of the community. The main intervention is delivered by coaches employed by Right To Play and given a 3 week training initially, with subsequent regular refresher engagement. They are supported by junior leaders in the games after junior leader training. Training to teachers on the intervention is also provided.

A two-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial based in middle schools in Hyderabad, Sindh province, Pakistan is evaluating this intervention. It is being conducted in 40 schools, half are boys schools (20) and half (20) girls'. Twenty of the schools have been randomised to the intervention arm and twenty to the control (delayed intervention) arm. The outcomes will be addressed using quantitative methods with data collected from students in Grade 6 at the start of the trial. These measures will be conducted pre-intervention and 12, and 24 month follow up periods.
PURPOSE:To provide the aqueous ophthalmic agent using sorbic acid or its salt as an antiseptic agent, containing vitamin E or its ester and a surfactant, giving a sufficient antiseptic effect, and little damaged to eye tissues and irritation of eyes. CONSTITUTION:The vitamin E ophthalmic agent contains vitamin E or its ester dissolved or emulsified in an aqueous solution or emulsion in the presence of a surfactant such as polysorbate 80 or polyoxyethylene-hardened castor oil, and further contains sorbic acid or its salt as an antiseptic agent in an amount of approximately 0.1-1.0%. The further addition of edetic acid or its salt permits to increase the antiseptic effect of the sorbic acid. The addition amount of the edetic acid or its salt is preferably approximately 0.03-0.05%. The addition of the sorbic acid, etc., to the ophthalmic agent permits to add the surfactant in a fair amount (0.2-30 times the concentration of the vitamin E, etc.). The agent is suitable as an ophthalmic agent or anticataract agent containing the vitamin E or its salt in a high concentration.
A vast amount of now well-established clinical and epidemiological data indicates a close, interdependent, and symbiotic association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). Both AF and HF, when co-exist in a patient, have serious treatment and prognostic implications. Based on the prevailing knowledge of the topic, various societies have issued a number of guidelines regarding the management of patients with AF and HF. Overall, it is the rhythm control strategy that has shown beneficial effect over the rate control strategy with improvement in symptoms of AF and HF. While antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) and catheter ablation (CA) may be utilized as rhythm control strategy for AF, both AADs and CA have limitations of their own. Furthermore, with the progress made in various pharmacotherapeutic agents in HF, one could question the utility of CA in HF (i.e., whether ablation is mandatory or pointless in patients who have HF). The purpose of this review is to discuss this very point, focusing on the beneficial, neutral, or detrimental outcome of CA based on the category and class of HF.
BACKGROUND: While brief duration primary care appointments may improve access, they also limit the time clinicians spend evaluating painful conditions. This study aimed to evaluate whether 15-minute primary care appointments resulted in higher rates of opioid prescribing when compared to ≥ 30-minute appointments.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study using electronic health record (EHR), pharmacy, and administrative scheduling data from five primary care practices in Minnesota. Adult patients seen for acute Evaluation & Management visits between 10/1/2015 and 9/30/2017 scheduled for 15-minute appointments were propensity score matched to those scheduled for ≥ 30-minutes. Sub-groups were analyzed to include patients with acute and chronic pain conditions and prior opioid exposure. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the effects of appointment length on the likelihood of an opioid being prescribed, adjusting for covariates including ethnicity, race, sex, marital status, and prior ED visits and hospitalizations for all conditions.
RESULTS: We identified 45,471 eligible acute primary care visits during the study period with 2.7% (N = 1233) of the visits scheduled for 15 min and 98.2% (N = 44,238) scheduled for 30 min or longer. Rates of opioid prescribing were significantly lower for opioid naive patients with acute pain scheduled in 15-minute appointments when compared to appointments of 30 min of longer (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35-0.84). There were no significant differences in opioid prescribing among other sub-groups.
CONCLUSIONS: For selected indications and for selected patients, shorter duration appointments may not result in greater rates of opioid prescribing for common painful conditions.
A cannabis product updated user feedback system and method that informs users of the anticipated psychological and physiological effects of a cannabis product. The system includes the creation of an effects graph associated with the cannabis product that may be distributed with the cannabis product or presented on a website. The effects graph includes one or more line graphs depicting the effects and interactions experienced by all reporting users of the product. The system includes a website in which the feedback information regarding a particular cannabis product is collected. The administrator of the website then reviews the feedback information and provides updated line graph data. Each line graph shows the intensity of user-reported effects graded from 0 to an upper limit on the y axis over a time presented on the x axis. The effects graph may include icons that visually portray what a user consumed and how they felt. By viewing the line graph, a user can anticipated the effects, the intensity, when they occur and the duration.
In healthy volunteers and patients (with ≥70% vessel occlusion undergoing routine PTCA), bivalirudin exhibited dose- and concentration-dependent anticoagulant activity as evidenced by prolongation of the ACT, aPTT, PT, and TT. Intravenous administration of bivalirudin produces an immediate anticoagulant effect. Coagulation times return to baseline approximately 1 hour following cessation of bivalirudin administration. Bivalirudin also increases INR. Therefore INR measurements made in bivalirudin treated patients may not be useful for determining the appropriate dose of warfarin. 

In 291 patients with ≥70% vessel occlusion undergoing routine PTCA, a positive correlation was observed between the dose of bivalirudin and the proportion of patients achieving ACT values of 300 sec or 350 sec. At a bivalirudin dose of 1 mg/kg IV bolus plus 2.5 mg/kg/h IV infusion for 4 hours, followed by 0.2 mg/kg/h, all patients reached maximal ACT values >300 sec.
OBJECTIVE.: Homeobox genes play an important role in health and disease including oncogenesis. The present investigation aimed to study ERN1-dependent hypoxic regulation of the expression of genes encoding homeobox proteins MEIS (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2) and LIM homeobox 1 family, SPAG4 (sperm associated antigen 4) and NKX3-1 (NK3 homeobox 1) in U87MG glioblastoma cells in response to inhibition of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1) for evaluation of their possible significance in the control of glioblastoma growth.
METHODS.: The expression level of homeobox genes was studied in control (transfected by vector) and ERN1 knockdown U87MG glioblastoma cells under hypoxia induced by dimethyloxalylglycine (0.5 mM for 4 h) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and normalized to ACTB.
RESULTS.: It was found that hypoxia down-regulated the expression level of LHX2, LHX6, MEIS2, and NKX3-1 genes but up-regulated the expression level of MEIS1, LHX1, MEIS3, and SPAG4 genes in control glioblastoma cells. At the same time, ERN1 knockdown of glioblastoma cells significantly modified the sensitivity of all studied genes to a hypoxic condition. Thus, ERN1 knockdown of glioblastoma cells removed the effect of hypoxia on the expression of MEIS1 and LHX1 genes, but increased the sensitivity of MEIS2, LHX2, and LHX6 genes to hypoxia. However, the expression of MEIS3, NKX3-1, and SPAG4 genes had decreased sensitivity to hypoxia in ERN1 knockdown glioblastoma cells. Moreover, more pronounced changes under the conditions of ERN1 inhibition were detected for the pro-oncogenic gene SPAG4.
CONCLUSION.: The results of the present study demonstrate that hypoxia affected the expression of homeobox genes MEIS1, MEIS2, MEIS3, LHX1, LHX2, LHX6, SPAG4, and NKX3-1 in U87MG glioblastoma cells in gene-specific manner and that the sensitivity of all studied genes to hypoxia condition is mediated by ERN1, the major pathway of the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling, and possibly contributed to the control of glioblastoma growth. A fundamentally new results of this work is the establishment of the fact regarding the dependence of hypoxic regulation of SPAG4 gene expression on ER stress, in particular ERN1, which is associated with suppression of cell proliferation and tumor growth.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the propolis contg. San-chi ginseng which has antimicrobial and sterilizing effects, antiphlogistic effect, immunologically activating effects cell activity, regenration effect, etc., has no side effects, has excellent safety and is useful for health foods, etc., by adding San-chi ginseng to the propolis. SOLUTION: San-chi ginseng is added to the propolis or propolis extract. The ginseng extract is preferably prepd. by extraction with the propolis extract. The propolis contg. the ginseng is preferably produced by directly pulverizing raw lump of 15g propolis without the extraction thereof and mixing 15g ginseng powder therewith.
The present invention relates to a preparation technology and a production method for an integrated new formulation of a snakegourd root and cassia twig decoction, wherein the raw materials of active ingredients comprise: 15 parts by weight of snakegourd root, 8 parts by weight of cassia twig, 12 parts by weight of white peony root, 6 parts by weight of honey-fried licorice root, 6 parts by weight of ginger, and 5 parts by weight of jujube. The production process of the integrated new formulation comprises the following steps of: supersonic air-jet crushing, alcohol-water extraction, ultrasonic crushing extraction, water decocting concentration, supersonic spray drying, nanometer grinding, high pressure homogenization, nano particle preparation and the like. According to the invention, the advantages, such as multi-synergism, multi-target, embodied by a nano-carrier coupling technique, are focused to be taken of. After the integrated new formulation of snakegourd root and cassia twig decoction is subjected to scale production, the production cost can be greatly reduced, the quality of products is greatly improved and the targeting property and the sustained and controlled release performance of the medicament are enhanced. The internal and external administration of the integrated new formulation of snakegourd root and cassia twig decoction can be realized simultaneously, and can be respectively taken in four time slices according to midnight-noon ebb-flow and qi and blood flowing rule of a human body. The integrated new formulation of snakegourd root and cassia twig decoction can be further prepared into films and transdermal agents which are respectively stuck to different parts of a human body according to the midnight-noon ebb-flow and qi and blood flowing rule of the human body and can be directly absorbed through skin.
All participants will be asked to attend 8 virtual visits over 5 months. Participants randomized to the sleep stabilization arm are asked to follow a fixed sleep schedule tailored to their sleep during a baseline period. The treatment period is 4 weeks.
Oral contraceptives containing 0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol and 3mg drospirenone will be administered. One tablet a day for 21 days followed by 7 days pill free. The regimen will be repeated for the duration of the trial.
Dose escalation phase: patient's T cells will be transduced with a lentiviral vector to express a BCMA-CD19 cCAR. with an escalation approach.
BACKGROUND: Dyscalculia is defined as a specific learning difference or neurodiversity. Despite a move within postgraduate medical education (PGME) towards promoting inclusivity and addressing differential attainment, dyscalculia remains an unexplored area.
METHODS: Using an interpretivist, constructivist, qualitative methodology, this scoping study explores PGME educators' attitudes, understanding and perceived challenges of supporting doctors in training (DiT) with dyscalculia. Through purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews and reflexive thematic analysis, the stories of ten Wales-based PGME educators were explored.
RESULTS: Multiple themes emerged relating to lack of educator knowledge, experience and identification of learners with dyscalculia. Participants' roles as educators and clinicians were inextricably linked, with PGME seen as deeply embedded in social interactions. Overall, a positive attitude towards doctors with dyscalculia underpinned the strongly DiT-centred approach to supporting learning, tempered by uncertainty over potential patient safety-related risks. Perceiving themselves as learners, educators saw the educator-learner relationship as a major learning route given the lack of dyscalculia training available, with experience leading to confidence.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, educators perceived a need for greater dyscalculia awareness, understanding and knowledge, pre-emptive training and evidence-based, feasible guidance introduction. Although methodological limitations are inherent, this study constructs novel, detailed understanding from educators relating to dyscalculia in PGME, providing a basis for future research.
Finger photo pulse plethysmography is a simple, inexpensive and non-invasive method for measurement of arterial stiffness. The objective is to assess the correlation of arterial stiffness in low back pain subjects with lumbar disc degeneration. Thirty-four back pain patients of both sexes in age group of 30-65 were included. Anthropometric measures like height, body weight, body mass index (BMI) were included. Stiffness index (SI) and reflection index (RI) were measured from the digital volume pulse waveform. There was a negative correlation between SI/RI and no correlation between SI and RI with BMI in both sexes. A significant correlation found between weight and BMI in both sexes. Arterial stiffness may not have any influence on disc degeneration. BMI showed some influence on disc degeneration and back pain.
Every patient gets ibrutinib + radiation + daily Temozolomide (TMZ) (75mg/m2) for 6 weeks. Patients will undergo a 4-week break and patients will then receive daily ibrutinib and adjuvant Temozolomide for Days 1-5 of a 28-day cycle of temozolomide for 6 cycles. The temozolomide will continue until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or death or maximum of 6 cycles. Ibrutinib treatment will continue until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or death.
Investigators intend to establish a one-sample testing platform to improve diagnosis and linkage to care process in participants under routine physical examination or outpatient visit. The platform is based on rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for HCV screening and HCV core antigen for confirmation. RDTs was used to screen for anti-HCV antibodies. The result of RDT will be interpreted within 15 minutes with the sensitivity of 98.9% (95%CI, 94.5% to 99.8%) and specificity of 98.9% (95%CI, 97.5% to 99.9%) using whole blood or finger-stick blood sample \[3-5\]. HCV core antigen is a marker of HCV replication and has a good correlation with HCV RNA in HCV-positive patients (R=0.98). A recent study suggested HCV core antigen testing could be used alternative testing for HCV RNA testing for diagnosis when HCV RNA testing was unavailable. The process of HCV core antigen test only takes 2-3 hours. "one-sample" means only one drop (10ul) of finger-stick blood or residual blood samples from other routine tests collected from patients was needed for anti-HCV antibody testing and HCV core antigen testing, which means they will not have to take another venepuncture. In addition, the use of RDT and HCV core antigen are also less costly. This approach might improve access to care, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries.

The present study aims to establish a " one-sample testing platform " in several medical institution to assess the prevalence of hepatitis C in individuals taking routine physical examination and further promote rapid diagnosis platform in mainland China, so as to achieve the goal in 2030.
PCT No. PCT/IT86/00036 Sec. 371 Date May 26, 1987 Sec. 102(e) Date May 26, 1987 PCT Filed May 9, 1986 PCT Pub. No. WO87/02465 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 23, 1987.An allergological test for detecting an allergic condition, said test consisting in contacting the mucous membrane direct with the allergen or the anti-IgE antibody linked to a solid phase, so that a rapid in situ incubation is obtained of the allergen or of the anti-IgE antibody with the mucous membrane antibodies, and in the successive in vitro determination of the specific or total IgE through radioimmunological or immunoenzymatic procedures. Said testing procedure is carried out by employing a plastic material application device comprising one or more receptacles or housing in which some supports are inserted, such supports bearing allergens or anti-IgE antibodies linked to the supports themselves. Said testing procedure can also be employed for performing a particular test of specific challenging.
Patients are systematically screened for BV before 18 weeks' gestation by means of a vaginal swab analyzed by the innovative technique, whose result will be disclosed. If positive, appropriate treatment will be prescribed.
1. Omeprazole microgranules each comprising an active layer containing the active principle, and an outer gastroprotecting layer containing a gastroprotecting agent, characterised in that the outer layer comprises silicone oil. 2. Microgranules according to Claim 1, characterised in that silicone oil contained in the active layer comprises 5 - 40 % of omeprazole weight. 3. Microgranules according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the active layer is covered with at least one protective layer. 4. Microgranules according to Claim 1-3, characterised in that the protective layer comprises diluent or covering agent in combination with hydrophobic plasticizer. 5. Microgranules according to Claim 1-4, characterised in that in outer gastroprotecting layer the gastroprotecting agent is combined with hydrophobic agent. 6. Microgranules according to Claim 1-5, characterised in that each microgranule comprises - the active principle layer, comprising omeprazole, silicone oil, sticker, which is selected from pharmaceutically acceptable stickers, and active principle solubilizer, - first protective layer, comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable diluents and sticker, - second hydrophobic protective layer, comprising covering agent and hydrophobic plasticizer, - gastroprotecting layer, comprising enteric film-forming agent, plasticizer and hydrophobic substance. 7. Microgranules according to Claim 6, characterised in that the solubilizer is nonionic surface active agent selected from polysorbates. 8. Microgranules according to any of Claims 6 or 7, characterised in that the sticker is hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. 9. Microgranules according to any of Claims 6-8, characterised in that the first protective layer comprises mannitol as a diluent. 10. Microgranules according to any of Claims 6-9, characterised in that the second protective layer comprises covering agent such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and hydrophobic plasticizer, such as Myvacet(. 11. Microgranules according to any of Claims 6-10, characterised in that hydrophobic substance, which is contained in gastroprotecting layer, is selected from glycerides. 12. Microgranules according to any of Claims 1-11, characterised in that active layer is applied on neutral nucleus and granulometry of the microgranules is from 0,5 to 3 mm. 13. A method for obtaining microgranules according to any of Claims 1-12, characterised in that it is carried out in aqueous medium. 14. A method according to Claim 13, characterised in that forming of the microgranules is carried out in pseudo liquid layer.