anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Increased plasma levels of glucagon (hyperglucagonemia) promote diabetes development but are also observed in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This may reflect hepatic glucagon resistance toward amino acid catabolism. A clinical test for measuring glucagon resistance has not been validated. We evaluated our glucagon sensitivity (GLUSENTIC) test, which consists of 2 study days: a glucagon injection and measurements of plasma amino acids and an infusion of mixed amino acids and subsequent calculation of the GLUSENTIC index (primary outcome measure) from measurements of glucagon and amino acids. To distinguish glucagon-dependent from insulin-dependent actions on amino acid metabolism, we also studied patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The δ-decline in total amino acids was 49% lower in MASLD following exogenous glucagon (P = 0.01), and the calculated GLUSENTIC index was 34% lower in MASLD (P < 0.0001) but not T1D (P > 0.99). In contrast, glucagon-induced glucose increments were similar in control participants and participants with MASLD (P = 0.41). The GLUSENTIC test and index may be used to measure glucagon resistance in individuals with obesity and MASLD.
A growing number of studies indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction serves as a pathological mechanism for periodontitis. Therefore, this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was carried out to explore the causal associations between mitochondrial biological function and periodontitis, because the specific nature of this causal relationship remains inconclusive in existing MR studies. Inverse variance weighting, Mendelian randomization-Egger, weighted mode, simple mode, and weighted median analyses were performed to assess the causal relationships between the exposure factors and periodontitis. The results of the present study revealed a causal association between periodontitis and medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MLYCD), glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2), oligoribonuclease (ORN), and pyruvate carboxylase (PC). Notably, MCAD and MLYCD are causally linked to periodontitis, and serve as protective factors. However, Grx2, ORN, and PC function as risk factors for periodontitis. Our study established a causal relationship between mitochondrial biological function and periodontitis, and such insights may provide a promising approach for treating periodontitis via mitochondrial regulation.
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicinal composition used in physical therapy and cosmetology. The first composition comprises natural mineral water of sedimentation origin as water and it is a component of medicinal substance simultaneously. The second composition comprises clay with reductive properties additionally. The composition comprises emulsifying agent, natural mineral water of sedimentation origin in the first composition and ointment base and it comprises clay additionally in the second one. Invention provides high clinical effect without adverse effects and allergic response reactions. EFFECT: valuable properties of composition. 9 cl, 2 ex
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an anti-pruritus agent inducting slight side effect by making the agent contain oleanolic acid 3-O-monodesmoside as an active component. SOLUTION: This medical agent contains oleanolic acid 3-O-monodesmoside introduced from momordin Ic derived from Jifushi (dried fruit of Chenopodium scoparia L.), momordin I derived from Mokubekkon (dried root of Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.), and chikusetsu saponin V derived from Panax ginseng, Panax japonicum, etc., as an active component. The agent is further added with known additives, as necessary, mixed and prepared to a peroral or a parenteral agent by usual methods. An administration dose of the active component is daily about 0.1-1 mg/kg of oleanolic acid 3-O-monodesmoside.  The oleanolic acid 3-O-monodesmoside also has excellent antiallergic action and anti-inflammatory action and is useful for treating prurigo, dermal pruritus, eczema, dermatitis, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjuctivitis, immediate asthma, etc., as an anti-pruritus agent collectively having the actions.
The study by Antici et al. (2024) investigates the effects of virtual reality exposure therapy on social anxiety disorder (SAD), focusing on the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in saliva and therapy outcomes. Findings indicate that this therapy not only reduces SAD symptoms and discomfort but also correlates with decreased systemic inflammation, as evidenced by lowered CRP levels. Remarkably, higher baseline CRP levels predicted a greater reduction in anxiety symptoms, suggesting a unique response pattern in SAD compared to other psychological disorders. This study highlights systemic inflammation's significance in SAD and the promise of non-invasive biomarkers like salivary CRP for managing psychological disorders. It calls for more research to understand the underlying mechanisms and validate these initial findings.
BACKGROUND: During sepsis, serve vascular dysfunctions lead to life-threatening multiple organ failure, due to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) impairments, resulting in vasoplegia, hypotension and hypoperfusion. In addition, septic patients have an altered cell metabolism that leads to lactic acidosis. Septic patients suffering from lactic acidosis have a high risk of mortality. In addition, septic survivors are at risk of secondary vascular disease. The underlying mechanisms of whether and how lactic acidosis leads to the changes in VSMCs is not well understood. The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate the effect of lactic acidosis on VSMCs and additionally compare the effects with those induced by pure acidosis and sodium lactate.
METHODS: Primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) were treated for 48 h with lactic acidosis (LA_pH 6.8), hydrochloric acid (HCl_pH 6.8), sodium lactate (Na+-lactate_pH 7.4) and the respective controls (ctrl._pH 7.4; hyperosmolarity control: mannitol_pH 7.4) and comparatively analyzed for changes in (i) transcriptome, (ii) energy metabolism, and (iii) phenotype.
RESULTS: Both types of acidosis led to comparable and sustained intracellular acidification without affecting cell viability. RNA sequencing and detailed transcriptome analysis revealed more significant changes for lactic acidosis than for hydrochloric acidosis, with lactate being almost ineffective, suggesting qualitative and quantitative synergism of acidosis and lactate. Bioinformatic predictions in energy metabolism and phenotype were confirmed experimentally. Lactic acidosis resulted in strong inhibition of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and altered mitochondrial respiration which reduced cellular ATP content, likely due to increased TXNIP expression and altered NAD+/NADH ratio. Hydrochloric acidosis induced significantly smaller effects without changing the NAD+/NADH ratio, with the ATP content remaining constant. These metabolic changes led to osteo-/chondrogenic/senescent transdifferentiation of VSMCs, with the effect being more pronounced in lactic acidosis than in pure acidosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, lactic acidosis exerted a much stronger effect on energy metabolism than pure acidosis, whereas lactate had almost no effect, reflecting the qualitative and quantitative synergism of acidosis and lactate. As a consequence, lactic acidosis may lead to acute functional impairments of VSMC, sustained perturbations of the transcriptome and cellular dedifferentiation. Moreover, these effects may contribute to the acute and prolonged vascular pathomechanisms in septic patients.
BACKGROUND: Predicting the response to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) could be valuable in defining admission priorities. We aimed to investigate whether the response of individuals recovering from a COPD exacerbation (ECOPD) could be forecasted using machine learning approaches.
METHOD: This multicenter, retrospective study recorded data on anthropometrics, demographics, physiological characteristics, post-PR changes in six-minute walking distance test (6MWT), Medical Research Council scale for dyspnea (MRC), Barthel Index dyspnea (BId), COPD assessment test (CAT) and proportion of participants reaching the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). The ability of multivariate approaches (linear regression, quantile regression, regression trees, and conditional inference trees) in predicting changes in each outcome measure has been assessed.
RESULTS: Individuals with lower baseline 6MWT, as well as those with less severe airway obstruction or admitted from acute care hospitals, exhibited greater improvements in 6MWT, whereas older as well as more dyspnoeic individuals had a lower forecasted improvement. Individuals with more severe CAT and dyspnea, and lower 6MWT had a greater potential improvement in CAT. More dyspnoeic individuals were also more likely to show improvement in BId and MRC. The Mean Absolute Error estimates of change prediction were 44.70m, 3.22 points, 5.35 points, and 0.32 points for 6MWT, CAT, BId, and MRC respectively. Sensitivity and specificity in discriminating individuals reaching the MCID of outcomes ranged from 61.78% to 98.99% and from 14.00% to 71.20%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: While the assessed models were not entirely satisfactory, predictive equations derived from clinical practice data might help in forecasting the response to PR in individuals recovering from an ECOPD. Future larger studies will be essential to confirm the methodology, variables, and utility.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a safe and effective radical scavenger which can efficiently eliminate radicals in a living body and can be used for medicines, foods, cosmetics and so on, by including an erythritol. SOLUTION: This radical scavenger contains an erythritol. A radical as a catching target is preferably active oxygen, preferably hydroxyradical. The erythritol used therein is preferably meso-erythritol, which may be the meso- erythritol commercially available as a sweetener. When the radical scavenger is used as a medicine, the erythritol as an active ingredient may be orally or parenterally administered. For example, the erythritol is preferably administered at a daily dose of 100 to 3,000 mg per kg of the body weight of an adult once a day or once a several days or several weeks.
A weekly dose of 900 mg to be divided into three doses of 300 mg each. If patients experience no grade 2 toxicities during their first month of therapy, the dose will be escalated to 1,200 mg divided into four doses of 300 mg.
This study arm consisted of 48 women operated from January 2007 to October 2008. All patients underwent the implantation of the TVT-SECUR for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence or stress predominant mixed urinary incontinence. The surgery was done under local anesthesia by one high-volume surgeon.
A computer-implemented method for determining an optimal treatment protocol for a disease related to angiogenesis, comprising creating an angiogenesis model including pro-angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis factors. Effective vessel density (EVD) is incorporated as a factor regulating switching on and switching off of at least one component in the angiogenesis model. Effects of vasculature maturation and mature vessels destabilization are incorporated. Pro-angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis factors, which can influence changes in state of a tissue are selected. Effects of drugs in the pro-angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis factors are incorporated. A plurality of treatment protocols in a protocol space is generated. A best treatment protocol based on a pre-determined criteria.
The invention discloses artificial saliva and a preparation method thereof. The artificial saliva is prepared by main components of chitosan and a grapefruit seed extractive and taking water for injection or purified water as a carrier. The artificial saliva is applicable to the perioperative period and tumor, relieving mouth drying of a radiation and chemotherapy patient and curing and preventing complication caused by mouth drying. Refractory dental ulcer caused by unbalance of oral bacteria due to hypoimmunity is cured. The artificial saliva is applied to infection of pathogenic microorganisms of bacteria and the like caused by unbalance of oral bacteria due to hypoimmunity of a sever clinic patient and a long-time bedridden patient and is used for preventing pulmonary infection so that the use amount of antibiotics is reduced. The artificial saliva has no toxicity to a human body, no irritation to mucosa and no sensitization, excellent biodegradability and good anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, pain relieving, hemostasis and ulcer surface curing promoting effects.
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious eating disorder that is characterized by an extreme loss of appetite. People with AN view themselves as overweight and cannot bring themselves to eat, even though most are dangerously thin. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a technique that can be used to determine which parts of the brain are activated by physical stimuli. When a certain stimulus is introduced, blood flow to the corresponding area of the brain increases. This increase in blood flow is depicted on the fMRI scan. A person with AN may have different responses to food when evaluated prior to treatment versus after treatment. This study will use fMRI to compare appetite-related brain activity in women with AN before and after receiving treatment for the disorder.

Participants in this study will undergo two fMRI scans. Participants with AN will have one scan before entering the "weight gain phase" of treatment for AN and another scan upon completion of treatment. Healthy volunteers will undergo scans during a similar time frame. Participants will not be allowed to eat from midnight on the night before the scan until after the fMRI procedure, but they may drink water. During the scan, participants will be shown various objects and real foods; they will also be asked to touch the objects and food with their eyes closed. Each visit will last approximately 45 minutes. Ear protectors will be provided to reduce scanner noise.
After 30 minutes of TENS application 2 hours after the surgery, TENS will be applied 3 times at 8 hour intervals. Postoperatively at the 2nd hour (just before TENS), at the 3rd hour (1 hour after the onset of TENS), at the 10th hour (just before the TENS), at the 11th hour (1 hour after the start of TENS), at the 18th hour ( Just before TENS) at the 19th Hour (1 hour after the start of TENS). TENS application hours will be arranged according to the patient in order to protect sleep integrity.
Participants receive neratinib PO daily and everolimus PO daily. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composition comprising (a) a NmB outer membrane preparation, and (b) an immunogenic component.  <P>SOLUTION: There is provided the composition comprising (a) Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), and (b) an immunogenic component selected from other Neisseria proteins, or immunogenic fragments thereof. Component (b) preferably includes a protein from a different NmB strain from one from which the OMV of component (a) is derived. The OMVs are preferably obtained by deoxycholate extraction. Optionally, the composition may also comprise a protective antigen against other pathogens.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
FIELD: medicine, pharmacology, chemistry of peptides. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to new synthesized physiologically active heptapeptides of the general formula: H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-X-Ser-NH 2  where X is D-Pro or Dh-Pro or Dh-D-Pro where Dh-Pro is 3,4-dehydroproline. Method proposes a chemical modification at 6-th amino acid residue Pro to alternate a physiological activity of the known natural heptapeptide dermorphine of the general formula: H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH 2 . Novel compounds show analgetic activity in combination with thermoregulatory and/or vasomotor activity and/or effect on behavior activity of testing organism. EFFECT: improved method of alternation, new properties of heptapeptide. 3 cl, 14 tbl, 6 dwg, 8 ex
All patients treated with opioids require careful monitoring for signs of abuse and addiction as use of opioid analgesic products carries the risk of addiction even under appropriate medical use. 

Drug abuse is the intentional non-therapeutic use of an over-the-counter or prescription drug, even once, for its rewarding psychological or physiological effects. Drug abuse includes, but is not limited to the following examples: the use of a prescription or over-the-counter drug to get “high,” or the use of steroids for performance enhancement and muscle build up. 

Drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that develop after repeated substance use and include: a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling its use, persisting in its use despite harmful consequences, a higher priority given to drug use than to other activities and obligations, increased tolerance, and sometimes a physical withdrawal.

"Drug-seeking" behavior is very common to addicts and drug abusers. Drug seeking tactics include, but are not limited to, emergency calls or visits near the end of office hours, refusal to undergo appropriate examination, testing or referral, repeated claims of “loss” of prescriptions, tampering with prescriptions and reluctance to provide prior medical records or contact information for other treating physician(s). “Doctor shopping” (visiting multiple prescribers) to obtain additional prescriptions is common among drug abusers, people with untreated addiction, and criminals seeking drugs to sell. Preoccupation with achieving adequate pain relief can be appropriate behavior in a patient with poor pain control.

Abuse and addiction are separate and distinct from physical dependence and tolerance. Physicians should be aware that addiction may not be accompanied by concurrent tolerance and symptoms of physical dependence in all addicts. In addition, abuse of opioids can occur in the absence of true addiction.

ZOHYDRO ER, like other opioids, can be diverted for non-medical use into illicit channels of distribution. Careful record-keeping of prescribing information, including quantity, frequency, and renewal requests, as required by law, is strongly advised. 

Proper assessment of the patient, proper prescribing practices, periodic re-evaluation of therapy, and proper dispensing, storage, and disposal are appropriate measures that help to limit abuse of opioid drugs.

Risks Specific to Abuse of ZOHYDRO ER

ZOHYDRO ER is for oral use only. Abuse of ZOHYDRO ER poses a risk of overdose and death. The risk is increased with concurrent use of ZOHYDRO ER with alcohol and other central nervous system depressants. Taking cut, broken, chewed, crushed, or dissolved ZOHYDRO ER enhances drug release and increases the risk of overdose and death.
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, constituting 15% of cases in 2023. The predominant cause of breast cancer-related mortality is metastasis, and a lack of metastasis-targeted therapies perpetuates dismal outcomes for late-stage patients. By using meiotic genetics to study inherited transcriptional network regulation, we have identified, to the best of our knowledge, a new class of "essential expression-restricted" genes as potential candidates for metastasis-targeted therapeutics. Building upon previous work implicating the CCR4-NOT RNA deadenylase complex in metastasis, we demonstrate that RNA-binding proteins NANOS1, PUM2, and CPSF4 also regulate metastatic potential. Using various models and clinical data, we pinpoint Smarcd1 mRNA as a target of all three RNA-BPs. Strikingly, both high and low expression of Smarcd1 correlate with positive clinical outcomes, while intermediate expression significantly reduces the probability of survival. Applying the theory of "essential genes" from evolution, we identify 50 additional genes that require precise expression levels for metastasis to occur. Specifically, small perturbations in Smarcd1 expression significantly reduce metastasis in mouse models and alter splicing programs relevant to the ER+/HER2-enriched breast cancer. Identification subtype-specific essential expression-restricted metastasis modifiers introduces a novel class of genes that, when therapeutically "nudged" in either direction, may significantly improve late-stage breast cancer patients.
Participants with 9/11-related or military service in the Iraq War-related PTSD are assigned to one of two programs, following an initial assessment. Both programs include Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) for the treatment of PTSD as well as widely-used standard cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques. The VRET is comprised of ten ninety minute sessions which involve mental imagery as well as virtual reality presentations delivered by a special display worn over the head and eyes. The virtual reality simulations consist of either images of the World Trade Center and the events of September 11, 2001 or multiple scenarios common to military personnel assigned to Iraq. One group of participants will receive the medication cycloserine (seromycin) and one group will receive a placebo drug (like a sugar pill). Participants take a dose of medication only on the days that they come to the laboratory for the Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE) sessions, and 90 minutes prior to the VRE sessions. Some subjects in the study will receive a 100 mg dose of cycloserine, and other subjects in the study will receive the placebo (sugar pill). This will be determined randomly (as by the flip of a coin). Neither the patient nor the treating clinicians will know which pill that patients are receiving; however, this arrangement may be changed if medically necessary. Patients are briefly assessed for well-being at every session, and are reassessed following session three, session six, and session ten for changes in symptomatology. At the completion of treatment and again six months later, the principal investigator or one of her associates will reinterview participants and have them complete some questionnaires.
The treatment of acute accidental overdosage of Calcitriol should consist of general supportive measures. If drug ingestion is discovered within a relatively short time, induction of emesis or gastric lavage may be of benefit in preventing further absorption. If the drug has passed through the stomach, the administration of mineral oil may promote its fecal elimination. Serial serum electrolyte determinations (especially calcium), rate of urinary calcium excretion, and assessment of electrocardiographic abnormalities due to hypercalcemia should be obtained. Such monitoring is critical in patients receiving digitalis. Discontinuation of supplemental calcium and a low-calcium diet are also indicated in accidental overdosage. Due to the relatively short duration of the pharmacological action of calcitriol, further measures are probably unnecessary. Should, however, persistent and markedly elevated serum calcium levels occur, there are a variety of therapeutic alternatives which may be considered, depending on the patient's underlying condition. These include the use of drugs such as phosphates and corticosteroids as well as measures to induce an appropriate forced diuresis. The use of peritoneal dialysis against a calcium-free dialysate has also been reported.