anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
This is an open-label (identity of assigned study drug will be known) pharmacokinetics and safety study of abiraterone acetate administered as four 250 mg tablets (1000 mg) to 3 cohorts (groups) in Cohort 1 (Mild Hepatic Impairment), Cohort 2 (Moderate Hepatic Impairment) and Cohort 3 (Normal Hepatic Function). There will be approximately 8 Participants per cohort (total of approximately 24 Participants for the study). The cohorts will be dosed sequentially and activities will consist of Screening, Study and Follow-up periods, a total of up to approximately 36 days. Possible Participants will be screened to assess their eligibility to enter the study within 14 days prior to study Day 1. Participants will be confined at the Clinical Research Center (CRC) from the time of Check-in on Day -1 until discharge on Day 5. Participants will return to the CRC on Days 8 and 15 and there will be a follow-up call or visit on Day 22. A review of all clinical and laboratory data through Day 8 evaluations in each cohort will be done by the Medical Monitor and the Principal Investigator (PI) prior to proceeding with dosing any further cohort, if indicated. Safety will be monitored throughout the study.
Clofarabine 20 mg/m\^2 by vein (IV) as a 1- to 2-hour intravenous infusion daily for 5 days. Cytarabine 20 mg subcutaneously twice daily for 10 days, administered 3 to 6 hours following the start of the clofarabine infusions. Decitabine 20 mg/m\^2 as a 1- to 2-hour infusion daily for 5 days.
Exercise training increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and improves cognitive function. However, the dynamics of BDNF during inactivity and the effects of exercise intervention on BDNF levels have rarely been examined. Therefore, we aimed to examine changes in serum, skeletal muscle, and brain BDNF levels under these conditions. Mice were divided into control (Co), cast immobilization (CI), reloading (RL), and exercise (Ex) groups. Muscle atrophy was induced by cast immobilization for 2 weeks in the CI, RL, and Ex groups. After cast removal, the RL and Ex groups underwent regrounding and treadmill exercise, respectively, for 2 weeks. Serum, skeletal muscle, and brain BDNF levels showed a similar decreasing trend in the CI group, recovery in the RL group, and a further increase in the Ex group compared with those in the Co group. This indicates that BDNF levels change in parallel with the degree of activity. However, the magnitude of variation differed among the tissues in the order of serum > skeletal muscle > brain tissue. These results suggest that different mechanisms in different tissues regulate BDNF expression. BDNF could potentially act as an objective measure of the impact of both inactivity and exercise-based interventions.
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumour in adults. Its outcomes are poor due to local disease progression in most patients. Current treatment includes surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy 4-6 weeks after surgery. In this time interval, some tumour cells do not receive any treatment. Furthermore, studies show that around half of all glioblastoma patients experience rapid early progression (REP) i.e. growth of the tumour in the time interval between surgery and postoperative chemotherapy/radiotherapy. REP is associated with a shorter survival and there are currently no effective treatments or preventative measures to address it. Radiotherapy delivered earlier before the operation could prevent REP and improve patient outcome. In this phase I study - PreOperative Brain Irradiation in Glioblastoma (POBIG), we will test the safety and feasibility of giving a single dose (fraction) of radiotherapy before surgery in patients with a new radiological diagnosis of glioblastoma. This study will be a dose escalation study to determine the maximum tolerated dose of preoperative radiotherapy and maximum volume of tumour that can be safely irradiated preoperatively. We hypothesise that preoperative radiotherapy will reduce the rate of REP and improve patient outcome.
Pharmaceutical compositions that enable the release of a physiologically active substance over a prolonged period of time following administration to a patient are described. The pharmaceutical compositions are provided by encapsulation of a physiologically active substance into a matrix comprising biodegradable polymers and lipids. The rate of release of the physiologically active substance from the pharmaceutical composition is controlled by varying the ratio of the polymer to the lipid. The compositions can be stored in an aqueous suspension or as a solid dosage form. The physiologically active substances include small molecules, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and vaccines. The biodegradable polymers include homopolymers, or random or block copolymers. The lipids include phospholipids, cholesterol and glycerides.
In healthy older adults, the immune system generally preserves its response and contributes to a long, healthy lifespan. However, rapid deterioration in immune regulation can lead to chronic inflammation, termed inflammaging, which accelerates pathological aging and diminishes the quality of life in older adults with frailty. A significant limitation in current aging research is the predominant focus on comparisons between young and older populations, often overlooking the differences between healthy older adults and those experiencing pathological aging. Our study elucidates the intricate immunological dynamics of the CD4/Treg axis in frail older adults compared to comparable age-matched healthy older adults. By utilizing publicly available RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we identified a specific Treg cell subset and transcriptional landscape contributing to the dysregulation of CD4+ T-cell responses. We explored the molecular mechanisms underpinning Treg dysfunction, revealing that Tregs from frail older adults exhibit reduced mitochondrial protein levels, impairing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This impairment is driven by the TNF/NF-kappa B pathway, leading to cumulative inflammation. Further, we gained a deeper understanding of the CD4/Treg axis by predicting the effects of gene perturbations on cellular signaling networks. Collectively, these findings highlight the age-related relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction in the CD4/Treg axis and its role in accelerating aging and frailty in older adults. Targeting Treg dysfunction offers a critical basis for developing tailored therapeutic strategies aimed at improving the quality of life in older adults.
Recent studies have demonstrated a role for Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 (TET2), an epigenetic modulator, in regulating germinal center formation and plasma cell differentiation in B-2 cells, yet the role of TET2 in regulating B-1 cells is largely unknown. Here, B-1 cell subset numbers, IgM production, and gene expression were analyzed in mice with global knockout of TET2 compared to wildtype (WT) controls. Results revealed that TET2-KO mice had elevated numbers of B-1a and B-1b cells in their primary niche, the peritoneal cavity, as well as in the bone marrow (B-1a) and spleen (B-1b). Consistent with this finding, circulating IgM, but not IgG, was elevated in TET2-KO mice compared to WT. Analysis of bulk RNASeq of sort purified peritoneal B-1a and B-1b cells revealed reduced expression of heavy and light chain immunoglobulin genes, predominantly in B-1a cells from TET2-KO mice compared to WT controls. As expected, the expression of IgM transcripts was the most abundant isotype in B-1 cells. Yet, only in B-1a cells there was a significant increase in the proportion of IgM transcripts in TET2-KO mice compared to WT. Analysis of the CDR3 of the BCR revealed an increased abundance of replicated CDR3 sequences in B-1 cells from TET2-KO mice, which was more clearly pronounced in B-1a compared to B-1b cells. V-D-J usage and circos plot analysis of V-J combinations showed enhanced usage of VH11 and VH12 pairings. Taken together, our study is the first to demonstrate that global loss of TET2 increases B-1 cell number and IgM production and reduces CDR3 diversity, which could impact many biological processes and disease states that are regulated by IgM.
BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in non-dialysis individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) impacts their prognosis and quality of life.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the variables associated with MCI in non-dialysis outpatient patients with CKD and to construct and verify a nomogram prediction model.
METHODS: 416 participants selected from two hospitals in Chengdu, between January 2023 and June 2023. They were categorized into two groups: the MCI group (n = 210) and the non-MCI (n = 206). Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify independent influences (candidate predictor variables). Subsequently, regression models was constructed, and a nomogram was drawn. The restricted cubic spline diagram was drawn to further analyze the relationship between the continuous numerical variables and MCI. Internally validated using a bootstrap resampling procedure.
RESULTS: Among 416 patients, 210 (50.9%) had MCI. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, educational level, occupational status, use of smartphones, sleep disorder, and hemoglobin were independent influencing factors of MCI (all p<.05). The model's area under the curve was 0.926,95% CI (0.902, 0.951), which was a good discriminatory measure; the Calibration curve, the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and the Clinical Decision Curve suggested that the model had good calibration and clinical benefit. Internal validation results showed the consistency index was 0.926, 95%CI (0.925, 0.927).
CONCLUSION: The nomogram prediction model demonstrates good performance and can be used for early screening and prediction of MCI in non-dialysis patients with CKD. It provides valuable reference for medical staff to formulate corresponding intervention strategies.
The present invention relates to a method for extracting chondroitin sulfate from the cartilage of sturgeon, particularly to a sturgeon chondroitin capsule and a sturgeon chondroitin granule and a preparation method thereof, which belongs to the technical field of nutrient health-care foods. The sturgeon chondroitin capsule and the sturgeon chondroitin granule are nutrient health-care foods prepared from the raw materials of the cartilage, such as the skull, the vertebra, etc., of sturgeon through alkali processing and enzyme processing. The preparation method comprises the steps that 1) the cartilage is pretreated and mashed; 2) alkali and enzyme are added for dual degradation; 3) the obtained product is roughly filtered and precipitated with alcohol; 4) the precipitate is filtered by pressing, dried or dried in vacuum and pulverized to obtain the chondroitin of sturgeon, and the chondroitin of sturgeon is processed into capsule products or granule products according to a conventional technology. By adopting the preparation method, the extraction rate of chondroitin sulfate can be about 30%, and the chondroitin sulfate has the characteristics of good quality, pure white and high purity. The chondroitin sulfate is wide in application, and can be served as a food additive, a cosmetic and a medicine. The chondroitin sulfate can be used for treating cardiovascular diseases, neuralgia, arthritis, hepatitis, etc. clinically. The chondroitin sulfate also has the efficacy of preventing cancers, resisting cancers and treating cancers. The chondroitin sulfate has the advantages of simple industrialized production equipment, simple preparation technology and low cost of raw materials.
A 33-year-old female was admitted to our department complaining of multifocal paresthesia and weakness of the upper and lower extremities that had developed over the previous three months. She had also been undergoing treatment for atopic dermatitis with dupilumab, an anti-interleukin 4/13 receptor antibody. A nerve conduction study revealed multifocal axonal sensorimotor neuropathy of bilateral limbs. On admission, a small erythema appeared on her right forearm, but it was atypical for vasculitic skin lesions due to its location and time course. Nonetheless, a biopsy revealed medium-sized vessel vasculitis. The patient was therefore diagnosed with vasculitic neuropathy caused by cutaneous arteritis. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy with prednisolone and azathioprine markedly improved her symptoms. A skin biopsy is useful when mononeuropathy multiplex is suspected, even if the skin findings are atypical for vasculitic rash.
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Obesity is increasing worldwide, and data are limited on how body mass index (BMI) affects surgical risk in pelvic organ prolapse. This study is aimed at evaluating the impact of obesity on outcomes after apical pelvic organ prolapse surgery. We hypothesize that obese patients have higher rates of postoperative complications.
METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2014 to 2018. Current Procedural Terminology codes identified subjects aged 18-89 who underwent apical prolapse repair, including vaginal colpopexy and laparoscopic or robotic sacrocolpopexy. Minor and major complications were analyzed using the World Health Organization BMI category. Regression analysis was performed to adjust for confounders.
RESULTS: The total cohort was 24,718 with 15,137 vaginal colpopexy and 9,581 laparoscopic/robotic sacrocolpopexy. The average age was 60.1, 76.5% were white, 24.2% were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 3 or 4, and 44.7% had a major medical comorbidity. Eight hundred and eighty-five patients (5.4%) experienced a minor complication, 324 (2.0%) a major complication, and 1,167 (7.2%) any complication. There was no difference in any, major, or minor complication by BMI and this persisted after adjusting for age, race, ASA class, smoking, and surgical approach.
CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference in complication rates after apical prolapse surgery by BMI regardless of age, race, ASA class, smoking use, and surgical approach. Patients and surgeons should be reassured that minimally invasive apical prolapse surgery is safe, with low complication rates. Randomized controlled trials are needed to verify these findings.
Participants in arm 1 are grouped as lactose digesters based on breath hydrogen test after a 25-g lactose load. The breath hydrogen excretion is less than 20 ppm.
Musculoskeletal injuries are among the highest frequency injuries in military personnel(1). These may result from training exercises, normal job duties, or recreational activities (2). Such injuries may cause reduced levels of performance and therefore decrease military readiness (1). This prospective, randomized, clinical trial compares manual/manipulative therapy (M/MT) and standard care to standard care alone for episodes of low back pain. Patients will be randomized to standard care or standard care plus M/MT. Standard care consists of medication prescribed by the credentialed medical provider; M/MT will be delivered by the chiropractor physician. The trial time period will be 4 weeks with outcome measurements at intake, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. Outcome measures include the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Roland-Morris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire (RDQ), the Back Pain Functional Scale for assessing function (3), Global Improvement Questionnaire for patient perception regarding improvement in function, Patient Expectation and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaires to examine patient expectations toward care and reception of that care, and drug use and profiles. The SF-36 will be used to measure the general health component and quality of life of our sample (4). This will be a pragmatic study that will allow us the opportunity to develop further investigations leading to a larger scale and more robust clinical trial. In addition, this study will provide information on the challenges and opportunities involved in conducting clinical research concerning M/MT in a military setting and may lead to additional studies at a wider number of bases throughout the US.
Participants infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are routinely treated with combinations of multiple drugs which reduces HIV-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) to undetectable levels in a substantial proportion of participants and counteracts the risk of viral resistance development. RPV is a potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with in vitro activity against wild type (WT) HIV-1 and against NNRTI-resistant HIV-1 mutants. A medical need still exists for the development of age/weight appropriate formulations in children less than (\<) 12 years of age. In this study, participants will switch to RPV plus other ARVs. The primary analysis will be performed at Week 24. A participant will be considered to have completed the study if he or she has completed assessments at Week 48 of the study intervention phase. The total study duration for each participant, including screening and study intervention phases, will be approximately 54 weeks. Key efficacy assessments include determination of plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load and measurement of CD4+ cell count. Key safety assessments will include the monitoring of (serious) adverse events (\[S\]AEs) and HIV-related events, clinical laboratory tests, cardiovascular safety monitoring (vital signs and 12 lead electrocardiogram \[ECGs\]), and physical examination (including growth).
The middle school assigned to the control arm will receive a visit by a mobile clinic every 6 months only. The school will follow normal protocol for HPV vaccination awareness. Parents will be made aware of the mobile clinic per normal school newsletters and mailers.
PURPOSE:To provide an O/W-type cosmetic for eyelash excellent in resistances to water, sweat, sebum and oil, and applicability, good in adhesivity of fibers to the eyelash and giving highly durable makeup. CONSTITUTION:This 0/W-type cosmetic for eyelash contains water, fibers and a water-soluble polymer in the outer phase and a volatile oil component, an oil-soluble resin and a colorant having hydrophobic surface in the inner phase. The ratio of the outer phase is 30-95wt.% (especially 50-90wt.%) and that of the inner phase is 5-70wt.% (especially 10-50wt.%). The fiber is e.g. 0.5de nylon imitation wool, 3de nylon imitation wool, etc., and its amount is 0. 5-12wt.% based on the cosmetic. The water-soluble polymer is e.g. PVA and gum arabic and its amount is preferably 0.01-10wt.% based on the cosmetic. The volatile oil component is a hydrocarbon oil or a silicone oil having a boiling point of 60-260 deg.C measured at room temperature and the oil-soluble resin is an organic silicone resin having units expressed by formula (R is a 1-6C hydrocarbon group or phenyl; (n) is 1.0-1.8) on an average.
Adults and children 13 years and older received 150 mg (2 x 75 mg) oseltamivir capsules twice daily for 5 days. Children aged 1 - 12 years received a weight-based dose (from 60 to 150 mg) oseltamivir suspension orally twice daily for 5 days. Participants received matching placebo for the second 5 days of treatment.
Aberrant neovascularization is the most common feature in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which leads to the retinal detachment and visual defects in neonates with a low gestational age eventually. Understanding the regulation of inappropriate angiogenic signaling benefits individuals at-risk. Recently, neural activity originating from the specific neural activity has been considered to contribute to retinal angiogenesis. Here, we explored the impact of cone cell dysfunction on oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), a mouse model commonly employed to understand retinal diseases associated with abnormal blood vessel growth, using the Gnat2cpfl3 (cone photoreceptor function loss-3) strain of mice (regardless of the sex), which is known for its inherent cone cell dysfunction. We found that the retinal avascular area, hypoxic area, and neovascular area were significantly attenuated in Gnat2cpfl3 OIR mice compared to those in C57BL/6 OIR mice. Moreover, the HIF-1α/VEGF axis was also reduced in Gnat2cpfl3 OIR mice. Collectively, our results indicated that cone cell dysfunction, as observed in Gnat2cpfl3 OIR mice, leads to attenuated retinal neovascularization. This finding suggests that retinal neural activity may precede and potentially influence the onset of pathological neovascularization.
Use of a sulphated saccharide or a salt or complex thereof for the preparation of a medicament for topical application to the skin or to any non-gastrointestinal, non-oral mucosal surface of an animal or a human, including the lining of body cavities, or for injection into tissue, including joints, or implantation into surgical wounds or a body cavity of an animal or a human, for the prophylaxis or treatment of any manifestation of inflammation or infection, for the prophylaxis or treatment of non-bladder premalignant or malignant disorders, for the prophylaxis or treatment of irritation or burns of the skin, connective tissue, or non-oral mucosa, or for the prophylaxis or treatment of skin, connective tissue, or mucosal aging, or for the preparation of a medicament for systemic injection for the treatment or prophylaxis of infectious, malignant or allergic/immune disorders. The sulphated saccharide, e.g. sucrose octasulphate, may be in the form of a complex or a salt with an alkali or alkaline earth metal (e.g. Na, K, Ca, Mg or Ba) or Al, Zn, Cu, Zr, Ti, Bi, Mn or Os, or an organic base (e.g. an amino acid). The medicament may be a powder, paste, ointment, lotion, gel, cream, salve, emulsion, solution, suspension, spray, sponge, strip, plaster, pad, dressing or ostomy plate.
The automatic diagnosis technology of lung lesions based on chest CT can help doctors to quickly and accurately find suspicious cases, and plays an important role in timely treatment and prevention of diseases. But there is currently a lack of enough medical data sets to assist the existing methods in learning, which makes the existing methods unable to distinguish lesions with similar morphology, ultimately impairing the classification effect. Meanwhile, the existing feature extraction method lacks means for highlighting small-scale targets in a large-scale environment, so that efficient extraction of micro features cannot be realized, and incomplete extraction of lesion features is caused. In order to solve the two problems, the invention proposes and uses a high-distinction degree data set for migration learning, and the model of the invention has strong capability of distinguishing the lesions in the approximate form by training in advance through an auxiliary data set. And simultaneously, a multi-scale capsule weighting fusion classification model is provided. The dynamic routing clustering algorithm is used for highlighting small-scale features, feature loss is avoided, and the scale difference fusion network is used for extracting accurate position scaling parameters through position weighting fusion of different scale information, so that complete extraction of lesion features is realized. The experimental result on the target data set shows that the method provided by the invention has higher performance compared with the most advanced method, wherein the method realizes 99.41% of accuracy on the classification of the COVID-19, 93.33% of accuracy on the CAP, 100% of accuracy on the Normal, and 98.36% of total accuracy.