anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Drug addiction may result in sleep problems. Importantly, sleep deprivation (SD) is known as an important risk factor for relapse to drug abuse as SD mimics the effects of psychostimulants on dopamine system of the brain. Moreover, aging may affect sleep and drug addiction. This study, therefore, set out to assess the effects of methamphetamine (METH) and REM sleep deprivation (RSD) on locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory in adult and adolescent rats. Adult and adolescent male Wistar rats received a neurotoxic METH regimen; four subcutaneous injections of 6 mg/kg, at 2 h intervals. Five days later, the animals underwent a 48-h RSD episode using the multiple platforms method. They were then examined using the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and Y-maze tasks. We found that the METH and RSD paradigms showed synergistic effects to increase locomotion and risk-taking behavior in both adult and adolescent animals, while only adolescent rats revealed RSD-induced anxiety-like behavior. Moreover, adolescent animals revealed greater sensitization for vertical activity following METH plus RSD episode. In addition, METH and RSD paradigms revealed synergistic effects to impair spatial working memory, but neither METH nor RSD alone affected performance of animals in the Y-maze task. Our findings may indicate that there are important relationships between METH and RSD to induce hyperlocomotion, risk-taking behavior and spatial memory impairment, particularly in adolescent animals. Moreover, it seems that adolescent rats may be more susceptible to anxiety-like behavior and hyperlocomotion than adults.
CAPRIE

The CAPRIE trial was a 19,185-patient, 304-center, international, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study comparing clopidogrel bisulfate (75 mg daily) to aspirin (325 mg daily). To be eligible to enroll, patients had to have: 1) recent history of myocardial infarction (within 35 days); 2) recent histories of ischemic stroke (within 6 months) with at least a week of residual neurological signs; and/or 3) established peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Patients received randomized treatment for an average of 1.6 years (maximum of 3 years).

The trial's primary outcome was the time to first occurrence of new ischemic stroke (fatal or not), new myocardial infarction (fatal or not), or other vascular death. Deaths not easily attributable to nonvascular causes were all classified as vascular.

As shown in Table 6, clopidogrel bisulfate was associated with a lower incidence of outcome events, primarily MI. The overall relative risk reduction (9.8% vs. 10.6%) was 8.7%, p=0.045. Similar results were obtained when all-cause mortality and all-cause strokes were counted instead of vascular mortality and ischemic strokes (risk reduction 6.9%). In patients who survived an on-study stroke or myocardial infarction, the incidence of subsequent events was lower in the clopidogrel bisulfate group.

The curves showing the overall event rate are shown in Figure 7. The event curves separated early and continued to diverge over the 3-year follow-up period. 

Figure 7: Fatal or Nonfatal Vascular Events in the CAPRIE Study

The statistical significance favoring clopidogrel bisulfate over aspirin was marginal (p=0.045). However, because aspirin is itself effective in reducing cardiovascular events in patients with recent myocardial infarction or stroke, the effect of clopidogrel bisulfate is substantial.

The CAPRIE trial enrolled a population that had recent MI, recent stroke, or PAD. The efficacy of clopidogrel bisulfate relative to aspirin was heterogeneous across these subgroups (p=0.043) (see Figure 8). Nonetheless this difference may be a chance occurrence because the CAPRIE trial was not designed to evaluate the relative benefit of clopidogrel bisulfate over aspirin in the individual patient subgroups. The benefit was most apparent in patients who were enrolled because of peripheral arterial disease and less apparent in stroke patients. In patients who were enrolled in the trial on the sole basis of a recent myocardial infarction, clopidogrel bisulfate was not numerically superior to aspirin.

Figure 8: Hazard Ratio and 95% CI by Baseline Subgroups in the CAPRIE Study
Moderate-to-severe symptoms on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-revised (ESAS-r+) tool will trigger an email to the study team and the study triage nurse. The study triage nurse will review the scores via electronic medical record and call the patient within 2 business days to offer immediate advice by phone. During the phone call, the study triage nurse will offer to schedule a formal in-person or virtual palliative care clinic (PCC) visit. Participants agreeing to the PCC referral subsequently receive at least monthly in-person and/or virtual PCC follow-up visits until study end, based on patient needs and care provider preference.
###  Carcinogenesis

Valproic acid was administered orally to Sprague Dawley rats and ICR (HA/ICR) mice at doses of 80 and 170 mg/kg/day (approximately 10 to 50% of the maximum human daily dose on a mg/m2 basis) for two years. A variety of neoplasms were observed in both species. The chief findings were a statistically significant increase in the incidence of subcutaneous fibrosarcomas in high dose male rats receiving valproic acid and a statistically significant dose-related trend for benign pulmonary adenomas in male mice receiving valproic acid. The significance of these findings for humans is unknown.

###  Mutagenesis

Valproate was not mutagenic in an in vitro bacterial assay (Ames test), did not produce dominant lethal effects in mice, and did not increase chromosome aberration frequency in an in vivo cytogenetic study in rats. Increased frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) have been reported in a study of epileptic children taking valproate, but this association was not observed in another study conducted in adults. There is some evidence that increased SCE frequencies may be associated with epilepsy. The biological significance of an increase in SCE frequency is not known.

###  Fertility

Chronic toxicity studies in juvenile and adult rats and dogs demonstrated reduced spermatogenesis and testicular atrophy at oral doses of 400 mg/kg/day or greater in rats (approximately equivalent to or greater than the maximum human daily dose on a mg/m2 basis) and 150 mg/kg/day or greater in dogs (approximately 1.4 times the maximum human daily dose or greater on a mg/m2 basis). Segment I fertility studies in rats have shown doses up to 350 mg/kg/day (approximately equal to the maximum human daily dose on a mg/m2 basis) for 60 days to have no effect on fertility. THE EFFECT OF VALPROATE ON TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT AND ON SPERM PRODUCTION AND FERTILITY IN HUMANS IS UNKNOWN.
Cenobamate (CNB) is one of the newer antiseizure medications for the treatment of focal-onset seizures. The cognitive profile of CNB is not yet known in detail. Here we present the case of an 18-year-old male high school student with epilepsy who received adjunctive CNB. Under 400 mg/d of CNB in combination with lamotrigine, a neuropsychological reassessment revealed a severe deterioration of the formerly normal episodic memory functions, while executive functions remained unaffected. The de novo memory deficit had already led to a collapse in school performance and he unexpectedly failed to obtain the general qualification for university entrance. Given the beneficial effect of CNB on seizure control, a dose reduction of CNB to 200 mg/d and introduction of valproic acid was performed. This led to a full recovery of objective memory performance. To our knowledge this is the very first report of a dose-dependent, selective and severe decline in episodic memory performance under CNB, potentially impeding academic achievement. The findings call for a cognitive monitoring of CNB which also addresses episodic memory in addition to executive functions. Systematic studies on episodic memory upon CNB treatment would help to appreciate the scope of this apparently reversible adverse effect.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a hair tonic suppressing advancement of hair loss and promoting hair growth. SOLUTION: This hair tonic is obtained by using a natural plant as its raw material. Having noticed the point that from the ancient times a raw material coming from plants has given a good influence to mankind health, it has been found that especially the ingredient of Equisetum arvense among those of many kinds of plants has an excellent action as a hair tonic. The main ingredient of this hair tonic is dried Equisetum arvense. More precisely, the main ingredient is in the form of a liquid containing the ingredient of Equisetum arvense extracted by soaking dried Equisetum arvense in Shochu (Japanese distilled spirit) over 3 months. Equisetum arvense is a perennial fern of Equisetaceae widely distributed over the temperate zone and frigid zone of the Northern hemisphere.  The rhizomes creep long under the ground, put out from nodes vegetative stalks with stalk called TSUKUSHI (a field horsetailat) at early spring, and the leaves are degenerate in the form of sheath. The young stalks are used for food, and vegetative stems which have equisetonin as kind of saponin and equisetin as a kind of alkaloid besides anhydrous Cinnamomum cassia have been reported to be effective for diuresis. Equisetum arvense which have grown from spring to summer are harvested and air-dried outdoors, and then the dried Equisetum arvense are soaked in Shochu over 3 months to obtain a liquid containing the ingredient thus extracted, and the liquid thus obtained is used as raw material.
Of the total number of subjects (135) in clinical studies of Cisatracurium Besylate Injection, 57, 63, and 15 subjects were 65–70 years old, 70–80 years old, and greater than 80 years old, respectively. The geriatric population included a subset of patients with significant cardiovascular disease [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Because the time to maximum neuromuscular blockade is approximately 1 minute slower in geriatric patients compared to younger patients, consider extending the interval between administering Cisatracurium Besylate Injection and attempting intubation by at least 1 minute to achieve adequate intubation conditions [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].

The time to maximum neuromuscular blockade is approximately 1 minute slower in geriatric patients, a difference that should be taken into account when selecting a neuromuscular blocking agent (e.g., the need to rapidly secure the airway) and when initiating laryngoscopy [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Minor differences in the pharmacokinetics of cisatracurium between elderly and young adult patients were not associated with clinically significant differences in the recovery profile of cisatracurium besylate following a single 0.1 mg/kg dose.

Besides the differences noted above, no overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between geriatric and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between geriatric and younger subjects, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals to cisatracurium besylate cannot be ruled out.
The present invention relates to a system ( 100 ), a device, a method ( 200 ), and a computer program for providing a health advice to a subject. It is proposed to modify a digital coaching advice depending on trends of a physiological observable (e.g., weight, Body Mass Index, etc.). A digital coach varies the wording of his/her advice depending on the risk categorization. It is proposed to analyze physiological measurements for deviation from the mean and rate of change and to translate these basic statistics into a concept of urgency/risk to structurally vary the wording or appearance of a digital coach. Thus, a digital coach as proposed herein may look, act and talk differently depending on the urgency/risk of the users. Coaches may vary in language and appearance from gentle, via hard-but-fair, to “drill sergeant”.
The invention relates to a melanoma inhibiting DNA plasmid vaccine. The melanoma inhibiting DNA plasmid vaccine comprises a plasma vector which contains three gene expression unit components such as an antigen (Trp2) of a specific tumor including melanoma, a cytokine (GM-CSF) and an Fc fusion protein so as to constitute a multi-component high-efficiency targeting compound DNA vaccine. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the DNA plasmid vaccine. A cationic polymer is used as a medicine carrying material to construct a medicine delivery system, and a DNA plasmid with a target antigen coding sequence is used as a new-generation therapeutic vaccine. The vaccine can induce the specific immunoreaction of a relevant encoded antigen in a human body and can inhibit the development and transfer of melanoma effectively. The DNA plasmid vaccine provided by the invention is easy to prepare, is low in cost, is safe and reliable and can be used for treating melanoma effectively.
Objectives There are currently no disease-modifying treatments for cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with early clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), and only minimally effective symptomatic treatments are available. In this application, we propose a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) augmented executive functioning training intervention. This intervention will target cognition and brain circuits that are impaired in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early AD. The goal is to improve cognitive performance and functional outcomes in patients with MCI and early AD.

Research Plan and Methods This study will recruit 50 Veterans with MCI or very early AD who are receiving outpatient services at the Minneapolis VA Health Care System (MVAHCS) Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC) Memory Loss Clinic. This study will be a double-blind, randomized, placebo (sham) controlled study. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either active or sham tDCS, both paired with cognitive training tasks. Ten sessions of training/tDCS sessions (20 minutes of 2mA current stimulation with 45 minutes of cognitive training tasks) will occur over 2-3 weeks, performed at the participant's home. Participants will attend an in-person enrollment and training session prior to study intervention. Follow-up sessions will occur via phone or video conference at 3 and 6 months after study initiation.

Clinical Relevance Executive cognitive impairments in patients with MCI or early AD have been associated with poor decision-making ability and lack of insight, potentially leading to compromised job performance, financial mismanagement, increased personal safety risk, relationship stress, and poor medical treatment adherence. While disproportionate memory impairment is a hallmark of both conditions, there are compensatory strategies available to reduce disability associated with very early stage memory impairment in those who are otherwise cognitively intact. Compensatory strategies are much less effective for executive dysfunction, as the disability itself impairs one's ability to recognize when such strategies are needed and successfully employ them. Novel, well-tolerated, neuroplasticity-based interventions that can reduce executive impairment by targeting both cognitive control (an executive ability) and its underlying neural dysfunction are needed to improve cognitive outcomes, safety, and quality of life for patients with MCI or early AD. Knowledge gained from this study can inform the future development of clinical treatment approaches aimed at reducing risk and delaying out-of-home placement in Veterans with cognitive impairment.
FIELD: medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: composition is an aqueous solution containing physiologically acceptable electrolyte and/or one or some osmotically active substances and 1-12 wt.-% starch ester. Starch is substituted with acyl groups of mono- or dicarboxylic acids containing 2-6 carbon atoms, or their mixture. Preferably to use starch ester of molecular mass 100 000-200 000 Da and substitution degree 0.1-0.7. Acetylstarch is preferable for using. Osmotically effective substances are polyatomic alcohols, monosaccharides and/or amino acids. Composition is used for blood washing out at renal failure. The use of this composition eliminates the dependence of patients from stationary devices and to carry out dialysis without peritoneal epithelium damage and decrease nonfavorable nutrient effect. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of composition. 9 cl, 3 dwg, 2 tbl, 2 ex
PURPOSE: To protect human from biological disorder such as generic disorder or death due to radioactive ray or reduce the biological disorder without giving side effects using vegetable or vegetable processed food. CONSTITUTION: This method comprises protecting biological disorder from ionizing radioactive rays such as x rays or γ-rays using vegetable or vegetable processed food. Concretely, e.g. water is added to Brassica Rapa var. pervidis and the vegetable is homogenized and centrifuged and glutathione, benzalkonium chloride, boric acid and water are added to the resultant supernatant and the supernatant is sterilized to provide an eye drop for protecting biological disorder due to ionizing radioactive rays. Water is added to Spinacia oleracea and Brassica Rapa var. pervidis and these vegetables are homogenized and centrifuged and salts for including K, Na, Ca, Mg, chlorine and phosphoric acid is added to the resultant supernatant to provide an infusion solution for protecting biological disorder.
Hepatorenal syndrome, severe acute renal failure including fatal cases, and renal insufficiency can occur with TARCEVA treatment. Renal failure may arise from exacerbation of underlying baseline hepatic impairment or severe dehydration. The pooled incidence of severe renal impairment in the 3 monotherapy lung cancer studies was 0.5% in the TARCEVA arms and 0.8% in the control arms. The incidence of renal impairment in the pancreatic cancer study was 1.4% in the TARCEVA plus gemcitabine arm and 0.4% in the control arm. Withhold TARCEVA in patients developing severe renal impairment until renal toxicity is resolved. Perform periodic monitoring of renal function and serum electrolytes during TARCEVA treatment [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) and Dosage and Administration (2.4)].
MAXCLARITY II (2.5% BPO) Foam Cleanser and Foam Treatment and (0.5% Salicylic Acid) Toner Foam. Available over-the-counter.
The invention relates to the field of biological drugs, in particular to an application of a polypeptide Cbf-14 in resistance to fungal infection. The polypeptide Cbf-14 is derived from part of active amino acid site mutation sequences of Cathelicidin-family antibacterial polypeptides, and the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide Cbf-14 is RLLRKFFRKLKKSV. The invention discloses inhibition and killing effects of the polypeptide Cbf-14 on fungal growth in vitro. The research result indicates that fungi have strong sensitivity on the polypeptide Cbf-14, the MIC value is lower, and the Cbf-14 can have the killing effect in shorter time. Mechanism study indicates that the polypeptide Cbf-14 mainly acts on cell membranes of the fungi and causes membrane pores, so that a large amount of cellular content seeps, and fungus cells die. Therefore, the polypeptide Cbf-14 has the application in preparation of drugs for preventing and/or treating fungal infectious diseases.
The anodic electrode is positioned in the primary motor cortex (Cz) and the cathode electrode on the right orbital frontal cortex (Fp2). The current increases to 2.0 mA over a period of 30 seconds, maintains 2.0 mA for 19 minutes, and decreases to 0 mA over 30 seconds.
The participants will take fish oil (2.2 g/day, two 1.1-g capsules daily) in divided doses. Two hour shame exposure (0 ppb ozone) will be conducted in a chamber after four weeks of supplementation.
BACKGROUND: The protective effect of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the cardiovascular system has been reported, however, whether it can promote early recovery of cardiac function and alleviate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) remains to be elucidated. Whether CoQ10 may regulate the macrophage-mediated pro-inflammatory response after MI and its potential mechanism are worth further exploration.
METHODS: To determine the baseline plasma levels of CoQ10 by LC-MS/MS, healthy controls and MI patients (n = 11 each) with age- and gender-matched were randomly enrolled. Additional MI patients were consecutively enrolled and randomized into the blank control (n = 59) or CoQ10 group (n = 61). Follow-ups were performed at 1- and 3-month to assess cardiac function after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In the animal study, mice were orally administered CoQ10/vehicle daily and were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation or sham operation. Echocardiography and serum BNP measured by ELISA were analyzed to evaluate cardiac function. Masson staining and WGA staining were performed to analyze the myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to assess the infiltration of IL1β/ROS-positive macrophages into the ischemic myocardium. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the recruitment of myeloid immune cells to the ischemic myocardium post-MI. The expression of inflammatory indicators was assessed through RNA-seq, qPCR, and western blotting (WB).
RESULTS: Compared to controls, MI patients showed a plasma deficiency of CoQ10 (0.76 ± 0.31 vs. 0.46 ± 0.10 µg/ml). CoQ10 supplementation significantly promoted the recovery of cardiac function in MI patients at 1 and 3 months after PCI. In mice study, compared to vehicle-treated MI mice, CoQ10-treated MI mice showed a favorable trend in survival rate (42.85% vs. 61.90%), as well as significantly alleviated cardiac dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac hypertrophy. Notably, CoQ10 administration significantly suppressed the recruitment of pro-inflammatory CCR2+ macrophages into infarct myocardium and their mediated inflammatory response, partially by attenuating the activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)/Interleukin-1 beta (IL1β) signaling pathway.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that CoQ10 can significantly promote early recovery of cardiac function after MI. CoQ10 may function by inhibiting the recruitment of CCR2+ macrophages and suppressing the activation of the NLRP3/IL1β pathway in macrophages.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Date of registration 09/04/2021 (number: ChiCTR2100045256).
The parents will work together with the project directors to deliver the adapted curriculum to participating families. With bi-weekly meetings for 10 weeks between parent facilitators and family participants in the home or another desired location. The project directors have already participated in the facilitator training and will serve as mentors to newly trained facilitators. At the end of the online training session, the parent facilitators will be equipped to successfully implement the Living Well curriculum.
FIELD: medicine, phytotherapy, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the development of agents of vegetable origin. Invention proposes a novel medicinal agent "PATRIMIN" showing sedative, hypotensive, anticoagulating, antiaggregating and hypolipidemic effects. An agent presents the dried extract of triterpene glycosides-patrinosides D, B and C prepared from median patrinia roots (Patrinia intermedia (Horn.) Roem et Schult) where the content of oleonic acid is 10-19% per absolutely dried extract. Low toxicity and broad range of activity of the preparation show an advantage in medicinal practice as compared with narrow-pattern drugs (valerian, motherwort tinctures and others). EFFECT: new agent indicated above, valuable medicinal properties. 1 cl