anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: A composition containing black garlic dried powder or extract thereof is provided to reduce total cholesterol and neutral lipid concentration and to prevent and treat lipid metabolic disorder and diabetes complications. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating lipid metabolic disorder and diabetes complications contains black garlic dried powder or extract thereof as an active ingredient. Lipid metabolic disorder is hypercholesterolemia or hypolipidemic. The diabetes complications are hypercholesterolemia, coronary heart disease, artery scleroma, myocardial infarction, skin infection, micrangiopathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy or diabetic neuropathy. A functional health food for preventing and treating lipid metabolic disorder and diabetes complications contains black garlic dried powder or extract thereof as an active ingredient. The food is used in the form of powder, granule, tablet, capsule, or beverage.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject inhibitor, capable of inhibiting the synthesis of collagen and treating diseases manifesting the morbid state of accelerated production of an extracellular matrix by using a specific retinol compound as an active ingredient. SOLUTION: This inhibitor of the synthesis of a heat shock protein having 47 kDa contains a compound represented by formula I (both A<1> and A<2> are H or both together form a C-C bond; R<1> is an aldehyde, carboxyl, etc.), or formula II (either one of A<3> and A<5> , together with A<4> , forms a C-C bond; the remaining one is H; R<2> is represented by formula III, etc.), or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient. A vitamin A compound group is preferred as the compound represented by formula I. A carotene compound, etc., can be cited as the compound represented by formula II. The inhibitor is effective against cirrhosis, interstitial pulmonary diseases, chronic renal insufficiency, hypercardia, etc.
PURPOSE:To obtain the title agent which solidifies or gelatinizes an org. medium such as an animal, vegetable, or mineral oil to give a lubricant for waxes and cosmetics by using a specific bisamide deriv. as the effective component. CONSTITUTION:A bisamide deriv. of the formula (wherein R is a 16-20C branched satd. aliph. hydrocarbon group; and n is 2-12) is produced by reacting a 2-12C linear satd. aliph. diamine (e.g. 1,2-diaminoethane or 1,6-diaminohexane) with a 16-20C branched satd. fatty acid (e.g. 2-ethyltetradecanoic acid or 2,2- dimethyltetradecanoic acid). The deriv. in an amt. of 5-20% is added to an org. medium (e.g. an animal, vegetable, or mineral oil, an ester, or an ether) and heated under stirring to solidify or gelatinize the medium, giving a lubricant. The lubricant is componded with necessary ingredients to give a car wax, a floor wax, a cleaner, and cosmetics excellent in durability, smoothness, transparency, and stain resistance.
UNLABELLED: Thrombocytopenia is common in preterm neonates and can be associated with hemorrhage. Most platelet transfusions are prophylactic. Previously, higher platelet-count thresholds were recommended for neonates, but this recommendation has been questioned in recent studies. In the PlaNeT2 trial, mortality and serious bleeding were more frequent in neonates with the highest platelet-count threshold than in others. Following this trial, we changed our platelet transfusion practice by lowering the platelet-count threshold for prophylactic transfusion from 50,000 to 25,000/mm3. We conducted a before-after retrospective cohort study to quantify the frequency of platelet transfusions and assess the new protocol by analyzing death and serious hemorrhage events. This retrospective monocentric study included neonates born before 37 weeks of gestation with platelet count < 150,000/mm3 during the 2 years preceding the new platelet transfusion protocol (high prophylactic transfusion threshold, 50,000/mm3) and during the 2 years after the new platelet transfusion protocol (low prophylactic transfusion threshold, 25,000/mm3). The primary outcome was the proportion of neonates receiving at least one platelet transfusion in both groups. We also compared the proportion of deaths and severe hemorrhage events. A total of 707 neonates with thrombocytopenia were identified. In the high-threshold group, 99/360 (27.5%) received at least one platelet transfusion as compared with 56/347 (16.1%) in the low-threshold group (p < 0.001). The groups did not differ in proportion of deaths or severe hemorrhage events.
CONCLUSIONS: A reduced platelet-count threshold for transfusion allowed for a significant reduction in the number of platelet transfusions without increasing severe hemorrhage events.
WHAT IS KNOWN: • A recent randomized trial suggested that restrictive platelet-count thresholds for platelet transfusion could be beneficial for preterm neonates.
WHAT IS NEW: • On lowering the platelet-count threshold for transfusion from 50,000 to 25,000/mm3, the number of transfusions significantly decreased without increasing severe hemorrhage events in a neonatal intensive care unit.
The study will begin with a standard 3+3 design. The study will enroll 3 patients at the previously identified MTD15 (4mg two times per week on days 1 and 4). The period of evaluation for dose limiting toxicity will be through completion of cycle 1. If ≤1 of the 3 initial patients at the proposed dose experience a DLT, then 3 additional patients will be enrolled for a total of 6 planned patients at that dose level. Otherwise, 3 patients will be enrolled at dose level -1. If ≤ 1 of these patients experience a DLT, then 3 additional patients will be enrolled at the same dose level. If more than 1 patient experiences a DLT in dose level -1, the study will be terminated.
Clinical studies of Verelan PM were not adequate to determine if subjects aged 65 or over respond differently from younger patients. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in response between the elderly and younger patients; however, greater sensitivity to Verelan PM by some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

Aging may affect the pharmacokinetics of verapamil. Elimination half-life may be prolonged in the elderly [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Verapamil is highly metabolized by the liver, and about 70% of the administered dose is excreted as metabolites in the urine. Clinical circumstances, some of which may be more common in the elderly, such as hepatic or renal impairment, should be considered [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6, 8.7)]. In general, lower initial doses of Verelan PM may be warranted in the elderly [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
BACKGROUND: It is estimated that 10% or more of patients older than 65 years are affected by frailty, a mental and physical state of vulnerability to adverse surgical outcomes. Frailty can be assessed using the Edmonton Frailty Scale: a reliable and convenient multidimensional assessment before surgery. The correlation between frailty score, presurgical optimization, and surgical outcomes was investigated in this preliminary pilot study.
STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was performed on patients referred to the surgical optimization clinic and assessed for frailty from September 2020 to May 2023. Patients received presurgical optimization for reasons including diabetes, smoking cessation, prehabilitation and nutrition, and/or cardiopulmonary issues. Outcomes were evaluated whether they proceeded to surgery, were referred to the High-Risk Surgical Committee, surgical case canceled, or not scheduled. For those who proceeded to surgery, infection rates, complications, and 30-day emergency department (ED) and readmission rates were evaluated.
RESULTS: Of 143 unique patients, 138 (men = 61, women = 77) were evaluated for this study. The average Edmonton frailty score for patients who proceeded to surgery was 7.013 (n = 78) vs 9.389 with cancelation and 9.600 for not scheduled or not optimized for surgery. Postoperative infection rates were <3%. However, 30-day ED and readmission rate was 21% (16 of 78).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with lower average Edmonton frailty scores were more likely to proceed to surgery, whereas those with higher average Edmonton frailty scores were more likely to have surgery canceled or delayed. Frail patients cleared for surgery were found to have a high 30-day ED and readmission rate.
Participants were randomised to either the BFP or a control treatment consisting of commercial computer games (CG). Participants were not blind to group allocation but all cognitive and symptom raters were. The 40 hours of BFP or computer game activity was expected to occur 4 days a week, for an hour each day, over a period of 10-12 weeks. The primary outcome was cognitive function assessed using the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery MCCB) (Nuechterlein and others 2008). The secondary outcome was social and role functioning assessed with Global Functioning: Social and Role scales. All clinical and cognitive assessments using symptom, functioning and cognitive measures were performed at baseline, post-treatment (at 3 months) and at 9-month follow-up (i.e. 9 months post baseline or 6 months after post-treatment assessment).
AIMS: Previous clinical studies on pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with a radiofrequency balloon (RFB) reported safe and effective procedures using conventional ablation settings with 20/60 s RF delivery via posterior/anterior (PST/ANT) electrodes. The latest evidence suggests that reducing the application time to 15 s (s) on the posterior wall when facing the oesophageal region is as effective as applying 20 s. To prospectively assess whether reducing RF time on PST/ANT segments to 15/45 s can ensure sufficient quality of lesion metrics and compare the new shortened ablation settings with the conventional one in terms of safety, and effectiveness at 1-year.
METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 641 patients from seven European centres were enrolled in a collaborative registry, with 374 in the conventional RF delivery group and 267 in the shortened RF delivery group. Procedural outcomes, lesion metrics, and safety profiles were assessed and compared between the groups. Freedom of any atrial tachycarrythmias at one year was 85.4% and 88.2% in the SHRT and CONV groups, respectively. The shortened RF delivery strategy was associated with significantly shorter procedure times (median 63.5 vs. 96.5 min, P < 0.001) and shortened fluoroscopy exposure (median 10.0 vs. 14.0 min, P < 0.001) compared to conventional delivery. Efficacy metrics, including first-pass isolation rates and time to isolation, were comparable between groups. Shortened RF delivery was associated with a lower incidence of procedural complications (1.4% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.04) and optimized thermal characteristics.
CONCLUSION: Analyses from the COLLABORATE registry demonstrate that shortening RF energy delivery times to 15/45 s (PST/ANT) during PVI with the RFB resulted in comparable freedom from recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia compared to conventional delivery times with comparable efficiency and safety.
Participants will stay in the hospital for 6 days and will not be able to leave. Sleep habits will be measured for 7 days before the study. A research diet that is designed to maintain weight will be provided for 3 days before the study and during the study. Multiple tests will be performed, including metabolic testing and muscle and fat biopsies, both when participants first arrive and have had normal sleep and again after 4 nights of only 5 hours time in bed. The visit takes place at the Clinical Translational Research Center (CTRC) at the University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical campus. It will take approximately 2 weeks to complete this study.
BACKGROUND: Focal pancreatic parenchymal atrophy (FPPA) and upstream pancreatic atrophy (UPA) may indicate the presence of early pancreatic cancer. In early pancreatic cancer, the tumor occasionally spreads laterally along the main pancreatic duct, presenting challenges in determining the extent of surgical resection. This study aimed to investigate the association of pancreatic atrophy pattern and intraductal cancer extension.
METHODS: Thirty-two patients with early-stage pancreatic cancer who underwent surgery at five participating centers were enrolled. Pancreatic atrophy was defined as the narrowing of parenchyma compared to the surrounding parenchyma and was classified as either FPPA (partial atrophy surrounding the pancreatic duct stenosis) or UPA (global atrophy caudal to the site of duct stenosis). Intraductal cancer extension was defined as an extension exceeding 10 mm.
RESULTS: Preoperative computed tomography revealed FPPA, UPA, and no parenchymal atrophy in 13, 13, and 6 patients. Cases with FPPA or UPA showed significantly longer cancer extensions than those without atrophy (P = 0.005 and P = 0.03, respectively). Intraductal cancer extension was present in all but one case of FPPA. 69% (9/13) of the cases with UPA showed intraductal cancer extension, whereas cases without atrophy showed no intraductal cancer extension. Importantly, two patients with FPPA or UPA showed positive resection margins during surgery and three patients with FPPA or UPA showed recurrence in the remnant pancreas.
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of FPPA and UPA indicates lateral cancer extension in early-stage pancreatic cancer. Preoperative assessment of the pancreatic parenchyma may provide valuable insights for determining the extent of surgical resection.
Arm 2 (n=105) receives the study drug Ambervin for inhalation administration 10 mg 1 time per day. The course of treatment is 10 days.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This prospective observational study aimed to investigate the occurrence of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head in COVID-19 patients through MRI scans. The study examined the patterns of AVN in 110 individuals who had undergone conventional COVID-19 therapy and reported hip discomfort. This study highlights the importance of considering AVN as a potential complication of COVID-19 therapy, particularly in younger patients who experience hip discomfort.
METHODS: Individuals who had corticosteroid treatment for COVID-19 and experienced hip discomfort during 6 months between January 2022 and August 2022 were included in this study, and an MRI scan was done to observe changes in the hip joint.
RESULTS: The results were classified using the Ficat and Arlet classification system. The analysis revealed that AVN was not present in 91.81% of cases. However, Stage I AVN was detected in 4.54% of cases, Stage II AVN in 2.72% of cases, and Stage III AVN in 1.1% of cases. No cases of Stage IV AVN were observed.
CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that AVN occurred in 6% of individuals who underwent conventional therapy for COVID-19 and experienced hip discomfort. In these settings (post COVID-19), normal MRI results were more typical, and mild AVN (Stage I) was a frequent finding in MRI scans that were positive.
BACKGROUND: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficiency and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) between flank position and prone position for the treatment of renal stones.
METHODS: PubMed, Embase, OVID, and Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched from their inception to Jul 2024. Randomized and nonrandomized trials evaluating renal calculi patients who underwent PCNL via flank position or prone position were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers. The outcomes and complications of both groups were compared in this meta-analysis.
RESULTS: This review involved five articles (554 patients). Specifically, four articles were randomized controlled trials, and the remaining publication was prospective cohort study. No significant difference was found in stone-free rate between the flank group and prone group after the PCNL procedure. Similarly, the percutaneous access time, operative time, and hospital stay of flank position had no significant difference compared with the prone group. There was no significant difference in the comparison of complication rates between the flank group and the prone group. Although further analysis indicated that patients in the prone position suffered more hemoglobin drop than the flank group, no significant difference was found in the hemorrhage and blood transfusion rates.
CONCLUSIONS: Both surgical positions were appropriate for most PCNL procedures and had shown similar efficacy and safety. In practice, the optimal choice should be made according to the patients' conditions and urologists' acquaintance.
Adipogenesis, a pivotal cellular process involving the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to mature adipocytes, plays a significant role in various physiological functions. Dysregulation of adipogenesis is implicated in conditions such as obesity. However, the complete molecular understanding of adipogenesis remains elusive. This study aimed to uncover the novel role of lamina-associated polypeptide 2 alpha (LAP2α) in human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) adipogenesis and its impact on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and associated metabolic disturbances. LAP2α expression was assessed during the adipogenic differentiation of hASCs using RT-qPCR and western blotting. The functional role of LAP2α in adipogenesis was explored both in vitro and in vivo through loss- and gain-of-function studies. Moreover, mice with HFD-induced obesity received lentivirus injection to assess the effect of LAP2α knockdown on fat accumulation. Molecular mechanisms underlying LAP2α in adipogenic differentiation were investigated using RT-qPCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and Oil Red O staining. LAP2α expression was upregulated during hASCs adipogenic differentiation. LAP2α knockdown hindered adipogenesis, while LAP2α overexpression promoted adipogenic differentiation. Notably, LAP2α deficiency resisted HFD-induced obesity, improved glucose intolerance, mitigated insulin resistance, and prevented fatty liver development. Mechanistically, LAP2α knockdown attenuated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation by reducing the protein level of phosphorylated STAT3. A STAT3 activator (Colivelin) counteracted the negative impact of LAP2α deficiency on hASCs adipogenic differentiation. Taken together, our current study established LAP2α as a crucial regulator of hASCs adipogenic differentiation, unveiling a new therapeutic target for obesity prevention.
FIELD: chemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention discloses a compound of formula I ^ , in which radicals and groups are described in the claims. Said compounds are 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 (5-HT6) ligands and can be used to treat central nervous system disorders associated with or influenced by the 5-HT6 receptor. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition and a method of treating said disorders. ^ EFFECT: high efficiency of using said derivatives. ^ 19 cl, 13 tbl, 204 ex
No other financial incentive other than for the 3-, 6-, 9-, \& 12-month weigh-ins and surveys. Participants will receive daily feedback for months 1-6 and will be observed without intervention in Phase II (months 7-12). Two weigh-ins will be required during Phase II, one at 9 months and the other at 12 months.
Emtricitabine and tenofovir are principally eliminated by the kidney. Renal impairment, including cases of acute renal failure and Fanconi syndrome (renal tubular injury with severe hypophosphatemia), has been reported with the use of VIREAD [See Adverse Reactions (6.3)].

It is recommended that estimated creatinine clearance be assessed in all individuals prior to initiating therapy and as clinically appropriate during therapy with TRUVADA. In patients at risk of renal dysfunction, including patients who have previously experienced renal events while receiving HEPSERA®, it is recommended that estimated creatinine clearance, serum phosphorus, urine glucose, and urine protein be assessed prior to initiation of TRUVADA, and periodically during TRUVADA therapy.

TRUVADA should be avoided with concurrent or recent use of a nephrotoxic agent (e.g., high-dose or multiple non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)) [See Drug Interactions (7.3)]. Cases of acute renal failure after initiation of high dose or multiple NSAIDs have been reported in HIV-infected patients with risk factors for renal dysfunction who appeared stable on tenofovir DF. Some patients required hospitalization and renal replacement therapy. Alternatives to NSAIDs should be considered, if needed, in patients at risk for renal dysfunction.

Persistent or worsening bone pain, pain in extremities, fractures and/or muscular pain or weakness may be manifestations of proximal renal tubulopathy and should prompt an evaluation of renal function in at-risk patients.

Treatment of HIV-1 Infection

Dosing interval adjustment of TRUVADA and close monitoring of renal function are recommended in all patients with estimated creatinine clearance 30–49 mL/min, [See Dosage and Administration (2.3)]. No safety or efficacy data are available in patients with renal impairment who received TRUVADA using these dosing guidelines, so the potential benefit of TRUVADA therapy should be assessed against the potential risk of renal toxicity. TRUVADA should not be administered to patients with estimated creatinine clearance below 30 mL/min or patients requiring hemodialysis.

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis

TRUVADA for a PrEP indication should not be used if estimated creatinine clearance is less than 60 mL/min. If a decrease in estimated creatinine clearance is observed in uninfected individuals while using TRUVADA for PrEP, evaluate potential causes and re-assess potential risks and benefits of continued use [See Dosage and Administration (2.3)].
Bone mineral density (BMD) monitoring should be considered for patients who have a history of pathologic bone fracture or are at risk for osteopenia. Although the effect of supplementation with calcium and vitamin D was not studied, such supplementation may be beneficial for all patients. If bone abnormalities are suspected then appropriate consultation should be obtained.

In HIV-infected patients treated with VIREAD in Study 903 through 144 weeks, decreases from baseline in BMD were seen at the lumbar spine and hip in both arms of the study. At Week 144, there was a significantly greater mean percentage decrease from baseline in BMD at the lumbar spine in patients receiving VIREAD + lamivudine + efavirenz (-2.2% ± 3.9) compared with patients receiving stavudine + lamivudine + efavirenz (-1.0% ± 4.6). Changes in BMD at the hip were similar between the two treatment groups (-2.8% ± 3.5 in the VIREAD group vs. -2.4% ± 4.5 in the stavudine group). In both groups, the majority of the reduction in BMD occurred in the first 24–48 weeks of the study and this reduction was sustained through Week 144. Twenty-eight percent of VIREAD-treated patients vs. 21% of the stavudine-treated patients lost at least 5% of BMD at the spine or 7% of BMD at the hip. Clinically relevant fractures (excluding fingers and toes) were reported in 4 patients in the VIREAD group and 6 patients in the stavudine group. In addition, there were significant increases in biochemical markers of bone metabolism (serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, serum osteocalcin, serum C-telopeptide, and urinary N-telopeptide) in the VIREAD group relative to the stavudine group, suggesting increased bone turnover. Serum parathyroid hormone levels and 1,25 Vitamin D levels were also higher in the VIREAD group. Except for bone specific alkaline phosphatase, these changes resulted in values that remained within the normal range. The effects of VIREAD-associated changes in BMD and biochemical markers on long-term bone health and future fracture risk are unknown.

Cases of osteomalacia (associated with proximal renal tubulopathy and which may contribute to fractures) have been reported in association with the use of VIREAD [See Adverse Reactions (6.2)].

The bone effects of VIREAD have not been studied in patients with chronic HBV infection.