anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Clinical studies documented that cenobamate (CNB) has a marked efficacy compared to other antiseizure medications (ASMs) in reducing focal seizures. To date, different aspects of CNB need to be clarified, including its efficacy against generalized seizures. Similarly, the pattern of drug-drug interactions between CNB and other ASMs also compels further investigation. This study aimed to detect the role of CNB on generalized seizures using the DBA/2 mouse model. We have also studied the effects of an adjunctive CNB treatment on the antiseizure properties of some ASMs against reflex seizures. The effects of this adjunctive treatment on motor performance, body temperature, and brain levels of ASMs were also evaluated. CNB was able to antagonize seizures in DBA/2 mice. CNB, at 5 mg/kg, enhanced the antiseizure activity of ASMs, such as diazepam, clobazam, levetiracetam, perampanel, phenobarbital, topiramate, and valproate. No synergistic effects were observed when CNB was co-administered with some Na+ channel blockers. The increase in antiseizure activity was associated with a comparable intensification in motor impairment; however, the therapeutic index of combined treatment of ASMs with CNB was more favorable than the combination with vehicle except for carbamazepine, phenytoin, and oxcarbazepine. Since CNB did not significantly influence the brain levels of the ASMs studied, we suggest that pharmacokinetic interactions seem not probable. Overall, this study shows the ability of CNB to counteract generalized reflex seizures in mice. Moreover, our data documented an evident synergistic antiseizure effect for the combination of CNB with ASMs including phenobarbital, benzodiazepines, valproate, perampanel, topiramate, and levetiracetam.
PURPOSE:To provide the titled composition free from toxicity and administrable continuously, by using a concentrate of animal gallbladder, dehydrocholic acid, its reduced product, their metal salt or their mixture as a component. CONSTITUTION:A composition for the prevention and remedy of streptococcal infection of fish can be produced by using a concentrate of animal gallbladder (e.g. gallbladder extract prepared by homogenizing the gallbladder of cattle, pig, whale, etc. with water, filtering the liquid, and concentrating the filtrate in the form of an extract), a dehydrocholic acid, its reduced product, their metal salt (e.g. dihydrocholic acid sodium salt, ursodesoxycholic acid, etc.) or their mixture as a component. It can be administrered in the form of liquied, crumble, pellet, etc., and preferably as a powdery feed for pisciculture. In the case of using gall powder, it is added preferably to a feed in an amount to give 30-90mg of the component per kg daily. The appetite of the fish can be promoted by the feeding.
Patients whose veins have recanalized (either at the recruitment or later on during the follow-up) will receive the D-dimer determination before discontinuing sodium warfarin. Veins are defined as recanalized when the vein diameter under maximum compressibility is lower than 4 mm both at the common femoral and at the popliteal vein. In those with negative D-dimer sodium warfarin will be discontinued. These patients will have two further determinations of D-dimer (after 1 and 3 months, respectively). While patients with persistently negative D-dimer will no longer receive sodium warfarin, those in whom D-dimer is positive or reverts to positive values in the following determinations will have their sodium warfarin resumed and no longer discontinued.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a protease inhibitor useful for improvement and prevention of skin diseases such as contact dermatitis, roughened skin and dry skin and useful also as a hemostatic agent by including ursolic acid or its salt as an effective ingredient. SOLUTION: This protease inhibitor is obtained by formulating ursolic acid or its salt as an active ingredient. The formulation amount of ursolic aid or its salt is 0.005-20.0 wt.%. The protease inhibitor exhibits inhibiting activity, especially to serine protease. The inhibitor, as necessary, can properly be formulated with a beautifying and whitening agent, a humectant, an antioxidant, an oily ingredient, an ultraviolet absorber, etc. The protease inhibitor can be applied to e.g. ointment, cream, milk lotion, lotion, pack, bathing agents, etc.
The safety and efficacy of lamivudine tablets (HBV) were evaluated in a double-blind clinical trial in 286 subjects aged 2 to 17 years, who were randomized (2:1) to receive 52 weeks of lamivudine tablets (HBV) (3 mg per kg once daily to a maximum of 100 mg once daily) or placebo. All subjects had compensated chronic hepatitis B accompanied by evidence of hepatitis B virus replication (positive serum HBeAg and positive for serum HBV DNA by a research branched-chain DNA assay) and persistently elevated serum ALT levels. The combination of loss of HBeAg and reduction of HBV DNA to below the assay limit of the research assay, evaluated at Week 52, was observed in 23% of subjects treated with lamivudine tablets (HBV) and 13% of placebo-treated subjects. Normalization of serum ALT was achieved and maintained to Week 52 more frequently in subjects treated with lamivudine compared with placebo (55% versus 13%). As in the adult controlled trials, most subjects treated with lamivudine tablets (HBV) had decreases in HBV DNA below the assay limit early in treatment, but about one-third of subjects with this initial response had reappearance of assay-detectable HBV DNA during treatment. Adolescents (aged 13 to 17 years) showed less evidence of treatment effect than younger pediatric subjects.
By way of introduction, the present embodiments described below include apparatus and methods for generating a natural language representation of mental content from functional brain images. Given functional imaging data acquired while a subject is reading a text article, a reconstruction of the text article results. The linguistic semantic vector representation is assigned (1301) to a word, phrase or sentence to be used as a training stimulus. Basis learning is performed (1305) using brain imaging data acquired (1303) when a subject is exposed to a training stimulus and a corresponding semantic vector for the training stimulus to directly learn an image basis. Semantic vector decoding (1309) is performed with functional brain imaging data for the test stimulus and using the image basis to generate a semantic vector representing the test image stimulus. Text generation is then performed using the decoded semantic vectors representing the test imaging stimuli (1311).
Due to the exclusive maternal transmission, oocyte mitochondrial dysfunction reduces fertility rates, affects embryonic development, and programs offspring to metabolic diseases. However, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are vulnerable to mutations during oocyte maturation, leading to mitochondrial nucleotide variations (mtSNVs) within a single oocyte, referring to mtDNA heteroplasmy. Obesity (OB) accounts for more than 40% of women at the reproductive age in the USA, but little is known about impacts of OB on mtSNVs in mature oocytes. It is found that OB reduces mtDNA content and increases mtSNVs in mature oocytes, which impairs mitochondrial energetic functions and oocyte quality. In mature oocytes, OB suppresses AMPK activity, aligned with an increased binding affinity of the ATF5-POLG protein complex to mutated mtDNA D-loop and protein-coding regions. Similarly, AMPK knockout increases the binding affinity of ATF5-POLG proteins to mutated mtDNA, leading to the replication of heteroplasmic mtDNA and impairing oocyte quality. Consistently, AMPK activation blocks the detrimental impacts of OB by preventing ATF5-POLG protein recruitment, improving oocyte maturation and mitochondrial energetics. Overall, the data uncover key features of AMPK activation in suppressing mtSNVs, and improving mitochondrial biogenesis and oocyte maturation in obese females.
The invention relates to a drug composition for treating cerebral infarction or/and coronary heart disease stenocardia. The drug composition is prepared from the following active ingredients of, by weight, 1-10 parts of paeoniflorin, 1-5 parts of hydroxyl safflower pigment A and 0.1-0.5 part of rutin. The invention further provides a preparation method and application of the drug composition. The problems that only one single drug is used, action targets are fewer, the drug achieves the treatment purpose through one target, and the consumed drug dosage is large are solved. Based on the principle of achieving the same goal by different ways, the three drugs acting on different mechanisms are combined, the drugs are synergistic and interact, the effect of the drugs is superior to the summing effect of the independent drug solid, and therefore the purpose of treating or preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is achieved. Paeoniflorin, hydroxyl safflower pigment A and rutin are different in action mechanisms in the aspect of treating the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and have the synergistic effect when matched in the application process, and the treatment effect is superior to that of single application only when the three drugs are combined together to be applied.
Peptide sequences constituting T-cell epitopes of minor Histocompatibility antigen, HA-1. HA-1 is associated with Graft versus Host Disease. The peptides and their derivatives find many uses, for instance in bone marrow transplantation, organ transplantation and in treatment of leukemia and non-hematopoietic tumors. The peptide and/or its derivatives can be incorporated in vaccines, in pharmaceutical formulations and they can be used in diagnostic test kits. HA-1 is expressed by non-hematopoietic tumor cells. While absent in normal epithelial cells, tumor cells and tumor cell lines, particularly from epithelial origin, express HA-1 and are recognized by HA-1 cytotoxic T cells. The invention provides means and methods for HA-1 specific immunotherapy for HA-1 positive patients with non-hematopoietic tumor cells.
Ozone, a highly reactive oxidant molecule, is widely used as a complementary therapy for various skin diseases, including wound healing, pressure ulcers, diabetic foot, and infections. However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of ozone for atopic dermatitis (AD). Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) is an active ingredient obtained from partially ozonated sunflower oil (SO). OSO markedly reduced the LPS-induced increase in IL-1β and nitric oxide (NO) levels in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. Oxazolone (OXZ) was applied to hairless mice to induce AD-like skin symptoms and immune response. OSO significantly alleviated the OXZ-induced increases in the number of infiltrating mast cells, epidermal thickness, AD symptoms, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and filaggrin, as well as the serum levels of NO, IgE, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Furthermore, OSO inhibited the IL-4/STAT3/MAPK pathway and the expression of NF-κB. Our results suggest that OSO treatment could relieve AD-mediated skin damage through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Therefore, it can be used as a therapeutic agent against AD-related skin diseases.
FIELD: chemistry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a preparation for increasing blood concentration of at least one compound selected from a group consisting of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, containing a composition encapsulated in a soft capsule, where the composition contains, when the total amount of composition is 100 wt. %: a) from 70 to 90 wt. % of at least one compound selected from a group consisting of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters, b) from 0.5 to 6 wt. % of water, c) from 1 to 29 wt. % of emulsifier, which is a polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid ester, and d) from 3 to 40 wt. pts of lecithin in calculation per 100 wt. pts. ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, where e) content of polyatomic alcohol is up to 4 wt. % with respect to total weight of composition.EFFECT: self-emulsifying composition has excellent self-emulsification, dispersibility of the composition, stability of the emulsion and absorbability, does not contain ethanol and polyatomic alcohols or contains such alcohol added only in reduced concentration.15 cl, 4 tbl, 8 ex
PURPOSE: To obtain a suppository which slowly releases a constant amount of an active substance over a long period of time and shows the satisfactory bioavailability of the active substance by using a water-soluble therapeutic active substance with an average particle diameter of 20μm or less and an organic substance which inflates through contact with water and is physiologically tolerable, and also a hydrophobic silicon dioxide as constituents. CONSTITUTION: A therapeutically active substance may be of whatever type, when the substance is water-soluble and has an average grain diameter of 20μm or less and therapeutic efficacy. In addition, the concentration of the active substance contained in the suppository accounts for 0.1-7.5wt.% of the total mass of the suppository. Further, the suppository contains an organic substance which inflates through contact with water and shows an increase in the concentration/viscosity in a fatty suppository mass and through contact with a rectal fluid and is physiologically tolerable as a component. The content of this organic substance accounts for 5-40wt.% of the total mass of the suppository. Besides, it contains a silicon dioxide becoming hydrophobic with a chemically immobilized methyl group as a component whose content accounts for 3-6wt.% of the total mass of the suppository.
The purpose of this study is to test a social intervention focused on overdose prevention and care. In the investigators prior work, the investigators have shown that people who use opioids (PWUO) can be effective peer educators (PEs). The investigators have utilized PEs for overdose prevention in interventions that have focused on training network members who use drugs to respond to an overdose. Yet, many overdoses are witnessed by people who do not use drugs. Additionally, many PWUO report using drugs at home and living with someone who does not use drugs, which highlights the importance of training non-using network members on overdose response. Based on pilot data, the investigators propose expanding an overdose peer education intervention to focus on non-using network members. The intervention seeks to prepare network members to respond to an overdose and normalize discussions about overdose prevention planning between index PWUO and non-using network members. The intervention condition consists of 3 individual sessions focused on overdose prevention and response. This condition is designed to train index study participants to be Peer Educators. In addition to the three sessions, the non-drug using network member will be offered one session. The control condition is only 1 session focused on overdose prevention and response. Both intervention and control participants will invite social network members to take part in data collection activities
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a simple and non-intrusive method that has demonstrated promising results in language rehabilitation of patients with aphasia. Various studies have used different stimulation set-ups, some based on prior structural and functional brain mapping in order to choose the optimal stimulation region. An additional approach that was found beneficial is stimulation of the left primary motor area (M1). A major advantage of this approach is its relative simplicity that may increase the application of this intervention in clinical settings. This intervention approach has been studied in patients with chronic aphasia and targeted on naming ability. In the current study the investigators aim to study the influence of a stimulation set-up at M1 in stroke patients suffering from aphasia that are in the sub-acute stage. In addition the investigators aim to study additional language functions including pragmatics and grammar. The study will include 30 patients suffering from aphasia which are in the sub-acute stage. The patients will undergo complete language assessments at 3 time points: baseline, post intervention (third week from recruitment) and one month follow-up. The study group will include 15 patients that will undergo TDCS at the left M1 region followed by naming therapy. The intervention will be given daily for duration of two weeks (5 days/week). The control group will include 15 patients that will undergo the same protocol apart from sham TDCS. The effect of the intervention will be examined taking into account the extent and location of the brain damage on language functions.
PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of surgical approach and post-operative prophylaxis on heterotopic ossification (HO) development after total hip arthroplasty (THA).
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 312 patients who underwent THA between January 2009 and April 2016. Patients were categorized by surgical approach (direct lateral or posterolateral), prosthesis type, and post-operative prophylaxis (Etoricoxib 60 mg daily for two weeks). Two orthopaedic surgeons independently assessed radiographs at serial intervals, and HO was graded as per Brooker classification. Bivariate analysis and regression modelling were performed to assess the associations and confounding effects of different variables, RESULTS: Bivariate analysis identified factors correlated with higher HO incidence: absence of prophylaxis, older age, longer symptom evolution, and lower pre-surgery physical activity. Regression modelling showed a correlation between the direct-lateral approach, post-operative prophylaxis, symptom evolution, and higher HO incidence.
CONCLUSION: Patients with longer symptom evolution before surgery and without post-operative prophylaxis are at higher risk of developing HO. While the direct lateral approach showed higher HO rates, the difference was insignificant. A two-week prophylactic regimen of Etoricoxib 60 mg daily after THA effectively reduced HO formation. Pharmacological prophylaxis should be evaluated case-by-case, considering patient characteristics and risk factors.
Participants enrolled in the pre-drug arm will not receive any drug. At visit 2, they will undergo blood, urine, penile swab, cheek swab, rectal swab and rectal biopsy collection.
This invention provides a treatment regimen that is effective in inhibiting chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and promoting cell survival. The invention also relates to a treatment regimen that confers resistance to caspase activation, thereby inhibiting caspase-mediated, proteolytic cleavage of functional cellular enzymes. Specifically, subjects undergoing chemotherapy are first exposed to a pretreatment regimen. Under this regimen, a GLP-2 receptor activator, such as h[GLY2]-GLP2, is administered each day for a predetermined beneficial period, e.g., three consecutive days. Approximately about 1 week following pretreatment, the subjects are exposed to an appropriate chemotherapy treatment regimen. Pretreatment with a GLP-2 receptor activator followed by administration of chemotherapeutic agents improves cell survival, reduces bacteremia, attenuates epithelial injury, and inhibits cellular apoptosis. Moreover, it does not impair the effectiveness of chemotherapy nor result in weight loss. The anti-apoptotic effects of GLP-2 may be useful in the reduction of cytoxicity and bacterial infection induced by chemotherapeutic agents.
Two modiﬁed dot-like electrodes delivered the stimulation to the cymba conchae of left ear in the vicinity of the auricular branch vagus nerve. Stimulation parameters: frequency = 20/4 Hz; pulse width = 200 μs; 20 Hz lasting 7 seconds, alternated with 4 Hz lasting 3 seconds，repeat until 30 min. Every PD patient received stimulation twice daily , 30 minutes each time, for 14 consecutive days. The stimulation intensity was set as the maximum value the patient could tolerate without causing pain.
TFEB-amplified renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which belongs to the MITF family of RCC, is characterized by genomic amplification at the 6p21.1 locus where the TFEB gene is located. The vascular endothelial growth factor A and cyclin D3 genes are also located at this same locus. When tumors lack classic morphologic features, they may be classified as "RCC not otherwise specified (NOS)." However, it is increasingly important to accurately diagnose the RCC subtype to define the patient's individual prognosis and select the subsequent therapeutic modalities, which now include targeted agents. Therefore, knowledge of the diagnostic features of TFEB-altered RCCs, such as t(6;11) RCCs and TFEB-amplified RCCs, is critical for identifying these tumors. Herein, we present an interesting case of TFEB-amplified RCC that was initially diagnosed as RCC NOS on biopsy of a renal tumor in a community practice setting with available molecular findings demonstrating CCND3 amplification. The genetic abnormality was "accidentally" detected due to the amplification of the colocated CCND3 gene at the 6p21 locus of the TFEB gene on a limited genetic sequencing panel. This case highlights the importance of molecular tests in accurately diagnosing RCC and carefully interpreting molecular findings in the context of histomorphologic features.
During one week of the doubly labeled water (DLW), participants will use digital photography of foods. During the other week of the DLW phase, participants will wear the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity (IDEEA) monitor and Actical monitor. Whether the participants wear the monitors first or complete digital photography first will be randomozed. Participants who complete the first two weeks and have a BMI over 25kg/m2 will receive a partial supplement low-calorie diet (LCD) for 8 weeks. This diet plan is a 1000-1150 kcal/day diet that participants will complete in a free-living environment. All participants will return to follow-up at six and twelve months after they completed the LCD. Anthropometric and questionnaire data will be collected.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common type of stroke, accounting for approximately 10-20% of all strokes, and is linked to severe neurological disability and death. Since the most accurate predictor of outcome in patients with ICH is hematoma volume, there is a great need for pharmacologic therapy that can reduce hematoma expansion and resultant mass effect and edema. This is especially critical within the ultra-early window of 3-4 hours after the presentation. Hemostatic therapies are exceptionally important for those patients taking antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications to reverse the effects of these medications and therefore prevent hematoma expansion. Furthermore, the recent publication of the 2023 Guideline for the Management of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association, the first update to the guidelines since 2012, underscores the importance of optimizing anticoagulation reversal for this population. The purpose of this selective, nonsystematic review is to examine current literature regarding the use of hemostatic therapies in ICH, with particular attention paid to antiplatelet, anticoagulation, and antifibrinolytic therapies.
Participants continue to receive varenicline as in Group I or NRT as in Group II for 6 additional weeks depending on which group they were assigned to. Participants also receive behavioral smoking cessation counseling.