anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In man, peripheral vasodilation produced by isradipine is reflected by decreased systemic vascular resistance and increased cardiac output. Hemodynamic studies conducted in patients with normal left ventricular function produced, following intravenous isradipine administration, increases in cardiac index, stroke volume index, coronary sinus blood flow, heart rate and peak positive left ventricular dP/dt. Systemic, coronary, and pulmonary vascular resistance was decreased. These studies were conducted with doses of isradipine which produced clinically significant decreases in blood pressure. The clinical consequences of these hemodynamic effects, if any, have not been evaluated.

Effects on heart rate are variable, dependent upon rate of administration and presence of underlying cardiac condition. While increases in both peak positive dP/dt and LV ejection fraction are seen when intravenous isradipine is given, it is impossible to conclude that these represent a positive inotropic effect due to simultaneous changes in preload and afterload. In patients with coronary artery disease undergoing atrial pacing during cardiac catheterization, intravenous isradipine diminished abnormalities of systolic performance. In patients with moderate left ventricular dysfunction, oral and intravenous isradipine in doses which reduce blood pressure by 12% to 30%, resulted in improvement in cardiac index without increase in heart rate, and with no change or reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Combination of isradipine and propranolol did not significantly affect left ventricular dP/dt max. The clinical consequences of these effects have not been evaluated.
MENOPUR is a preparation of gonadotropins (FSH and LH activity), extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women, which has undergone additional steps for purification.

MENOPUR is a sterile, lyophilized powder intended for subcutaneous (SC) injection after reconstitution with sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. Each vial of MENOPUR contains 75 International Units of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) activity and 75 International Units of luteinizing hormone (LH) activity, plus 21 mg lactose monohydrate and 0.005 mg Polysorbate 20 and Sodium Phosphate Buffer (Sodium Phosphate Dibasic, Heptahydrate and Phosphoric Acid).

The biological activity of MENOPUR is determined using the bioassays for FSH (ovarian weight gain assay in female rats) and LH (seminal vesicle weight gain assay in male rats), modified to increase the accuracy and reproducibility of these assays. The FSH and LH activity assays are standardized using the Fourth International Standard for Urinary FSH and Urinary LH, November 2000, by the Expert Committee on Biological Standardization of the World Health Organization (WHO ECBS). Both FSH and LH are glycoproteins that are acidic and water-soluble. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is detected in MENOPUR.

MENOPUR has been mixed in vitro with BRAVELLE with no evidence of aggregation.

Therapeutic class: Infertility
The most characteristic effect of papaverine is relaxation of the tonus of all smooth muscle, especially when it has been spasmodically contracted. Papaverine Hydrochloride apparently acts directly on the muscle itself. This relaxation is noted in the vascular system and bronchial musculature and in the gastrointestinal, biliary and urinary tracts.

The main actions of papaverine are exerted on cardiac and smooth muscle. Papaverine relaxes various smooth muscles, especially those of larger arteries; this relaxation may be prominent if spasm exists. The antispasmodic effect is a direct one and unrelated to muscle innervation, and the muscle still responds to drugs and other stimuli causing contraction. Papaverine has minimal actions on the central nervous system, although very large doses tend to produce some sedation and sleepiness in some patients. In certain circumstances, mild respiratory stimulation can be observed, but this is therapeutically inconsequential. Papaverine stimulates respiration by acting on carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors.

Papaverine relaxes the smooth musculature of the larger blood vessels, including the coronary, cerebral, peripheral, and pulmonary arteries. This action is particularly evident when such vessels are in spasm, induced reflexly or by drugs, and it provides the basis for the clinical use of papaverine in peripheral or pulmonary arterial embolism.

Experimentally in dogs, the alkaloid has been shown to cause fairly marked and long-lasting coronary vasodilatation and an increase in coronary blood flow. However, it also appears to have a direct inotropic effect and, when increased mechanical activity coincides with decreased systemic pressure, increases in coronary blood flow may not be sufficient to prevent brief periods of hypoxic myocardial depression.

Papaverine is effective by all routes of administration. A considerable fraction of the drug localizes in fat deposits and in the liver, with the remainder being distributed throughout the body. It is metabolized in the liver. About 90% of the drug is bound to plasma protein. Although estimates of its biologic half-life vary widely, reasonably constant plasma levels can be maintained with oral administration at 6 hour intervals. The drug is excreted in the urine in an inactive form.
This group will serve as a waitlist control group while the active group is performing training. Following assessment at the end of the active group period, this group will begin home-based training and will be assessed at the end of that 10 week period.
The current 'gold standard' of measuring osseous damage in patients with RA in the context of clinical trials is the radiographic evaluation of hands and feet. However, conventional radiographs are insensitive to change and extended trial duration is required to reliably document differences of this important surrogate endpoint in the different treatment arms. In this active treatment controlled double blind trial in patients with erosive RA we want to test whether a very sensitive imaging modality, MR images of a typically involved joint, the wrist, can detect differences in the formation of erosions in the two treatment arms with fewer numbers of patients at 6 months. We plan to enroll a total of 60 patients into the study, allocating 20 into methotrexate/placebo arm and 40 into a methotrexate/infliximab arm. The anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody infliximab in combination with methotrexate has been shown to retard the development of bone erosions on conventional radiographs in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at one year. We are proposing to use MRI of the most severely involved wrist as a highly sensitive imaging modality to assess differences in the development of new erosions significantly earlier, at 3 and 6 months (primary endpoint) in the two treatment arms. After 6 months, all patients will receive open label treatment of methotrexate in combination with infliximab for an additional 6 months followed by a one year evaluation. We will use MRI again to assess if abnormalities at 6 months are still present at 12 months. Concomitantly we will evaluate the use of bone and cartilage markers as well as endocrine and metabolic markers before and after treatment with infliximab.
MAPK pathway-driven tumorigenesis, often induced by BRAFV600E, relies on epithelial dedifferentiation. However, how lineage differentiation events are reprogrammed remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that proteostatic reactivation of developmental factor, TBX3, accounts for BRAF/MAPK-mediated dedifferentiation and tumorigenesis. During embryonic development, BRAF/MAPK upregulates USP15 to stabilize TBX3, which orchestrates organogenesis by restraining differentiation. The USP15-TBX3 axis is reactivated during tumorigenesis, and Usp15 knockout prohibits BRAFV600E-driven tumor development in a Tbx3-dependent manner. Deleting Tbx3 or Usp15 leads to tumor redifferentiation, which parallels their overdifferentiation tendency during development, exemplified by disrupted thyroid folliculogenesis and elevated differentiation factors such as Tpo, Nis, Tg. The clinical relevance is highlighted in that both USP15 and TBX3 highly correlates with BRAFV600E signature and poor tumor prognosis. Thus, USP15 stabilized TBX3 represents a critical proteostatic mechanism downstream of BRAF/MAPK-directed developmental homeostasis and pathological transformation, supporting that tumorigenesis largely relies on epithelial dedifferentiation achieved via embryonic regulatory program reinitiation.
Sex differences in drug pharmacokinetics include variations in the expression of the cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are involved in the metabolism of benzodiazepines. It is unclear whether sex influences outcomes associated with intranasally administered drugs. A post hoc analysis of sex differences was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of diazepam nasal spray, which included examining changes in the number of days between seizure clusters over time (SEIzure interVAL [SEIVAL]). Diazepam nasal spray is approved for acute treatment of seizure clusters in patients with epilepsy aged ≥6 years. Data from a phase 3 safety study were used to determine the proportion of second doses used within 24 h (ie, a proxy for effectiveness) and SEIVAL. Adverse events were recorded. Of 163 treated patients, 89 were female, and 74 were male. Approximately 16% of both sexes self-administered the study drug. A slightly higher proportion of seizure clusters was treated with a second dose in female (14.7%) than male (9.4%) patients. SEIVAL increased significantly and substantially over a year for all patients. The safety profile was generally similar between the sexes. These results suggest that potential sex differences in benzodiazepine pharmacokinetics do not meaningfully influence outcomes associated with diazepam nasal spray. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Some drugs may have differences in absorption and metabolism between genders that could translate into differences in safety and effectiveness. This safety study looked at diazepam nasal spray for treating seizure clusters in patients at least 6 years old. It found that safety was about the same for females and males. For both groups, most clusters stopped after only 1 dose of the drug, and the time between treated clusters got longer over a year.
The French population is aging, and geriatric rehabilitation care must adapt to this growing population. The functional reach test is a common clinical test in geriatrics. It helps to determine the risk of falling. However, its metrological qualities are not all determined. The Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) is in particular unknown for this test. The MCID of a test makes it possible to personalize in a way more in-depth evaluation of physiotherapy treatment. So it is necessary to characterize this essential metrological determinant of a common balance skills assessment tool.
PURPOSE: The experience of ethnically diverse parents of children with serious illness in the US health care system has not been well studied. Listening to families from these communities about their experiences could identify modifiable barriers to quality pediatric serious illness care and facilitate the development of potential improvements. Our aim was to explore parents' perspectives of their children's health care for serious illness from Somali, Hmong, and Latin-American communities in Minnesota.
METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study with focus groups and individual interviews using immersion-crystallization data analysis with a community-based participatory research approach.
RESULTS: Twenty-six parents of children with serious illness participated (8 Somali, 10 Hmong, and 8 Latin-American). Parents desired 2-way trusting and respectful relationships with medical staff. Three themes supported this trust, based on parents' experiences with challenging and supportive health care: (1) Informed understanding allows parents to understand and be prepared for their child's medical care; (2) Compassionate interactions with staff allow parents to feel their children are cared for; (3) Respected parental advocacy allows parents to feel their wisdom is heard. Effective communication is 1 key to improving understanding, expressing compassion, and partnering with parents, including quality medical interpretation for low-English proficient parents.
CONCLUSIONS: Parents of children with serious illness from Somali, Hmong, and Latin-American communities shared a desire for improved relationships with staff and improved health care processes. Processes that enhance communication, support, and connection, including individual and system-level interventions driven by community voices, hold the potential for reducing health disparities in pediatric serious illness.
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) has been reported in patients taking NSAIDs such as PENNSAID. Some of these events have been fatal or life-threatening. DRESS typically, although not exclusively, presents with fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, and/or facial swelling. Other clinical manifestations may include hepatitis, nephritis, hematological abnormalities, myocarditis, or myositis. Sometimes symptoms of DRESS may resemble an acute viral infection. Eosinophilia is often present. Because this disorder is variable in its presentation, other organ systems not noted here may be involved. It is important to note that early manifestations of hypersensitivity, such as fever or lymphadenopathy, may be present even though rash is not evident. If such signs or symptoms are present, discontinue PENNSAID and evaluate the patient immediately.
Cosmetic or dermatological preparations, which are finely dispersed systems of the oil-in-water or water-in-oil type, comprising1. an oil phase,2. an aqueous phase,3. at least one modified polysaccharide which(a) has both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, i.e. has amphiphilic character, and is thus dispersible both in water and in oil, and which(b) has no thickening properties, and4. at most 0.5% by weight of one or more emulsifiers.and alsooptionally comprising further cosmetic or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, additives and/or active substances.
Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferases are enzymes which are involved in the homeostasis of cholesterol. Impaired enzyme activity is associated with the occurrence of various diseases like Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and cancers. At present, mitotane is the only inhibitor of this class of enzymes in clinical use for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma but associated with common and severe adverse effects. The therapeutic effect of mitotane depends on its interaction with cellular membranes. The search for less toxic but equally effective compounds is hampered by an incomplete understanding of these biophysical properties. In the present study, the interaction of the three ACAT inhibitors nevanimibe, Sandoz 58-035, and AZD 3988 with membranes has been investigated using lipid model membranes in conjunction with biophysical experimental (NMR, ESR, fluorescence) and theoretical (MD simulations) approaches. The data show, that the drugs (i) incorporate into lipid membranes, (ii) differently influence the structure of lipid membranes; (iii) affect membrane structure depending on the lipid composition; and (iv) do not cause hemolysis of red blood cells. The results are discussed with regard to the use of the drugs, in particular to better understand their efficacy and possible side effects.
Background. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), often also leading to sudden cardiac death (SCD), is a common complication in coronary artery disease. Despite the effort there is a lack of applicable prediction tools to identify those at high risk. We tested the association between the validated GRACE score and the incidence of SCA after myocardial infarction. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 1,985 patients treated for myocardial infarction (MI) between January 1st 2015 and December 31st 2018 and followed until the 31st of December of 2021. The main exposure variable was patients' GRACE score at the point of admission and main outcome variable was incident SCA after hospitalization. Their association was analyzed by subdistribution hazard (SDH) model analysis. The secondary endpoints included SCA in patients with no indication to implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) device and incident SCD. Results. A total of 1985 patients were treated for MI. Mean GRACE score at baseline was 118.7 (SD 32.0). During a median follow-up time of 5.3 years (IQR 3.8-6.1 years) 78 SCA events and 52 SCDs occurred. In unadjusted analyses one SD increase in GRACE score associated with over 50% higher risk of SCA (SDH 1.55, 95% CI 1.29-1.85, p < 0.0001) and over 40% higher risk for SCD (1.42, 1.12-1.79, p = 0.0033). The associations between SCA and GRACE remained statistically significant even with patients without indication for ICD device (1.57, 1.30-1.90, p < 0.0001) as well as when adjusting with patients LVEF and omitting the age from the GRACE score to better represent the severity of the cardiac event. The association of GRACE and SCD turned statistically insignificant when adjusting with LVEF. Conclusions. GRACE score measured at admission for MI associates with long-term risk for SCA.
A scientific panel was created consisting of 23 interdisciplinary and interprofessional experts in intensive care medicine, physiotherapy, nursing care, surgery, rehabilitative medicine, and pneumology delegated from scientific societies together with a patient representative and a delegate from the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies who advised methodological implementation. The guideline was created according to the German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF), based on The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II. The topics of (early) mobilisation, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, assist devices for mobilisation, and positioning, including prone positioning, were identified as areas to be addressed and assigned to specialist expert groups, taking conflicts of interest into account. The panel formulated PICO questions (addressing the population, intervention, comparison or control group as well as the resulting outcomes), conducted a systematic literature review with abstract screening and full-text analysis and created summary tables. This was followed by grading the evidence according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence and a risk of bias assessment. The recommendations were finalized according to GRADE and voted using an online Delphi process followed by a final hybrid consensus conference. The German long version of the guideline was approved by the professional associations. For this English version an update of the systematic review was conducted until April 2024 and recommendation adapted based on new evidence in systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials. In total, 46 recommendations were developed and research gaps addressed.
The invention relates to an oral, nasal and throat bi-component spray with antibacterial and antiviral functions, which comprises a first component and a second component which are respectively packaged; the first component contains a cationic biological component, glycerol, sodium chloride, purified water and a pH regulator; the cationic biological component is one or more of water-soluble chitosan, gelatin and guar gum. The mass concentration of the cationic biological component in the first component is 0.1-2%. The second component comprises anionic biological component, glycerol, sodium chloride, purified water and pH regulator; the anionic biological component is one or more of alginate, sodium hyaluronate and polyglutamic acid. The concentration of the anionic biocomponent in the second component is 0.1-2%. The invention is used for preventing bacteria or virus from infecting upper respiratory tracts such as nasal cavities, oral cavities, throats and the like and protecting the health of human respiratory tracts. The invention can be used as a 'liquid mask' which can quickly protect respiratory tract cells of a human body in a special period.
PURPOSE:To obtain the title packing agent which can be applied to teeth immediately after eruption to promote dentinal maturation after eruption by using a combination of tetracalcium phosphate dust, a fluoride, citric acid and/or tartaric aqueous solution. and an aqueous solution of an unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer. CONSTITUTION:The title cavity fissure-packing agent is composed of (A) a tetracalcium phosphate powder, (B) a fluoride, preferably calcium fluoride or strontium fluoride, (C) an aqueous solution of citric acid and/or tartaric acid and (D) an aqueous solution of an unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, preferably an acrylic acid-itaconic acid copolymer. Since it hardens even under simple (not strict) water-proof conditions, the packing agent can be applied to teeth immediately after eruption (the teeth is difficult in the rubber dam sealing). Further, their dentinal maturation is promoted after eruption and low concentration of F is fed to the dentine for a long period of time, as Ca and P concentrations in the packed fissure is kept high. Thus, the agent has effect of not only the dentinal maturation, but also recalcification of initial tooth decay and the dentinal strengthening.
Shoulder impingement syndromes and degenerative rotator cuff (RC) disease represent the main causes of shoulder pain . Impingement is classified into four types, depending on the site of soft-tissue entrapment: sub acromial, sub coracoid, poster superior inner and anterosuperior inner impingement. The sub acromial impingement syndrome is by far the most common in practice. . The clinical symptoms of sub acromial impingement include nocturnal pain and progressive, limited range of motion. At clinical examination, there is a painful area at 80-120° elevation, which is worsened during downward movements Osteophytes, or an abnormal shape of the acromion, sub acromial spurs, and the acromioclavicular joint, are common causes of compression at the rotator cuff and the overlying subacromial-subdeltoid bursa . Ultrasonography (US) is a commonly performed examination for shoulder impingement, recommended by experts as the first-choice technique to evaluate various shoulder diseases. Shoulder impingement is the most common and well-recognized indication for dynamic US in the shoulder.

Dynamic evaluation can be done by shoulder abduction or flexion with the probe placed at the end of the acromion in the coronal plane or in the sagittal plane. The two important points to be checked for shoulder impingement are the humeral head depression and tendon/bursal impingement . Because humeral head depression is essential to make enough space for the rotator cuff to slide beneath the acromion, the center of the humeral head normally moves inferiorly in the latter half of the cycle during shoulder abduction. When the humeral head does not move inferiorly or abnormally moves superiorly, the space for the rotator cuffs and the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa decreases and subacromial impingement can occur .

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently considered the reference standard for imaging of shoulder disorders. The strength of MRI lies in its ability to assess sonographically inaccessible areas such as labrum, deep parts of various ligaments, capsule, and areas obscured by bone . MRI is the imaging study of choice for classifying tendon retraction and assessing the shoulder musculature. Its main disadvantage is being a static evaluation of the shoulder joint . There are several advantages of Ultrasonography over MRI. Ultrasonography has the benefit of being a dynamic form of imaging as compared to the static MRI. Ultrasonography is portable, quick, and a more cost-effective method. It is also better tolerated by the patient and allows interaction with the patient, who can point at the symptomatic area, thus optimizing the diagnostic yield.