anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Pediatric patients often receive topical anesthesia before skin procedures in the Emergency Department, with EMLA cream and amethocaine gel being common choices. The most effective option remains a subject of debate.
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to compare EMLA cream with amethocaine gel in pediatric patients undergoing topical anesthesia, focusing on outcomes: first-attempt cannulation success, child-reported visual analogue scale (VAS) score, parent-reported VAS score, observed pain score, child-reported absence of pain, and child-reported acceptable anesthesia.
METHODS: A database search for studies comparing EMLA cream and amethocaine gel in pediatric topical anesthesia was conducted. Two reviewers extracted and cross-verified data, with a third ensuring accuracy. Using R software, a pairwise meta-analysis was performed via the Mantel-Haenszel method. Outcomes were pooled as risk ratios or standard mean differences with 95% confidence intervals using the random-effects model.
RESULTS: Amethocaine gel surpasses EMLA cream in child-reported pain absence and first cannulation success. No significant differences were found in child-reported acceptable anesthesia or observed pain scores. Similarly, child- and parent-reported VAS scores showed no variations between EMLA and amethocaine.
CONCLUSION: This analysis favors amethocaine gel for pediatric topical anesthesia. Further large randomized trials comparing EMLA cream and amethocaine gel in pediatric patients are warranted.
IMPACT: Procedural pain is a major concern for pediatric patients, their families, and physicians. Topical anesthesia is routinely given prior to children undergoing skin-related procedures in the Emergency Department. In pediatric patients, topical anesthetics such as eutectic mixture of local anesthetics cream and amethocaine gel have proved to be pioneering in pain reduction, but the most effective method is often disputed. Presently, this is the most comprehensive pooled analysis of trials comparing EMLA cream and amethocaine gel in pediatric patients undergoing topical anesthesia. Amethocaine performed better with regards to child-reported absence of pain and first attempt cannulation success.
The development of a potentially life-threatening serotonin syndrome or Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)-like reactions have been reported with SNRIs and SSRIs alone, including Lexapro treatment, but particularly with concomitant use of serotonergic drugs (including triptans) with drugs which impair metabolism of serotonin (including MAOIs), or with antipsychotics or other dopamine antagonists. Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, hyperthermia), neuromuscular aberrations (e.g., hyperreflexia, incoordination) and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome, which includes hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic instability with possible rapid fluctuation of vital signs, and mental status changes. Patients should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome or NMS-like signs and symptoms. 

The concomitant use of Lexapro with MAOIs intended to treat depression is contraindicated. If concomitant treatment of Lexapro with a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonist (triptan) is clinically warranted, careful observation of the patient is advised, particularly during treatment initiation and dose increases. 

The concomitant use of Lexapro with serotonin precursors (such as tryptophan) is not recommended. Treatment with Lexapro and any concomitant serotonergic or antidopaminergic agents, including antipsychotics, should be discontinued immediately if the above events occur and supportive symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
Rhinoplasty is one of the most commonly performed plastic surgical procedures. It has been reported that the overall incidence of complications is low, and hematoma is the most common complication. Recently, the authors experienced a young patient who developed nasal dorsal bleeding and hematoma formation 2 weeks after undergoing rhinoplasty. He had a history of hypertension and was on medication. Due to severe nasal dorsal swelling caused by bleeding and hematoma, the authors ultimately performed an open approach to control the bleeding and evacuate the hematoma. Herein, the authors report the case of a patient with delayed dorsal bleeding 2 weeks after rhinoplasty. The authors learned a lesson that although the patient was young and healthy, in patients with a history of hypertension, the possibility of delayed operative site bleeding should be considered.
PURPOSE: To provide a dental restorative material which has high strength, shows an excellent shape retention and has high bonding strength to a tooth by forming a base layer of a designated thickness of a dental restorative material by flame spraying. CONSTITUTION: A base layer 6 is formed by plasma spraying and flame spraying including an explosion gun method of adhesion. A dental restorative material 2 is made to adhere to a natural tooth 4 through a layer 16 composed of a binder. In a flame spraying process, freely flowing powder or liquid where alumina, zirconia or titania or industrial ceramic material like a combination of the above materials is mixed is used to be introduced in flame/plasma. In a series of continuous layers, a quick path is formed to accumulate an industrial ceramic material on a positive target of the tooth 4. This operation is useful for promoting manufacture of a comparative dense microstructure. It may be necessary to heat-treat the base layer 6 after flame spraying prior to adhesion of the layer made of ceramics.
During the research, the researchers use a quantitative method, in which the participants fill out the Knowledge of the Female Body Scale, the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Body Appreciation Scale, the Sleep Quality Scale and the Premenstrual Assessment Form Short Form, as well as a general health status questionnaire. and a self-made questionnaire containing socio-demographic questions. In the course of the research, we form a sub-sample, on which we carry out further instrumental tests to monitor body composition and physical activity. The number of participants is approx. There will be 500 women between the ages of 18 and 45, who will be selected through targeted sampling. During the research, the data are processed in the SPSS v28.0 program and the following statistical methods are used: Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk normality tests, Spearman and Pearson correlation analysis, Pearson chi-square test, linear regression analysis. During the research, the safety of the participants and the ethical rules are strictly observed.
Patients receive oral isotretinoin twice daily on days 1-14. Treatment repeats every 28 days for a total of 6 courses.
The invention relates to a pH and temperature dual responsive copolymer and a preparation method and an application thereof, which belong to the technical field of pharmaceutical polymers. A molecular structure of the copolymer is shown as follows, and the molecular weight is 10000 to 30000. The copolymer is prepared in the following steps of (a) preparing a copolymer of diethyl allylmalonate and N-vinylcaprolactam; (b) preparing a copolymer of allylmalonic acid and N-vinylcaprolactam. The copolymer is used for self assembly in water to form nanomicelles as controlled release carriers of podophyllotoxin drugs. Raw materials are low in price and are easy to obtain, a synthetic method is simple, products are easy to separate and purify, and the operability is strong. The copolymer can be assembled by self in a water solution to form stable spherical nanomicelles which have high drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency on podophyllotoxin and have pH and temperature dual responsive controlled release performance on the podophyllotoxin, and the copolymer can be used for constructing an intelligent drug controlled release system.
Two types of compositions having an eye-drop delivery system are used during or after an orthokeratology procedure to prevent or retard relaxation of corneal tissue back to the original anterior curvature of the cornea. Each composition functions independently from the others and is a different approach of preparing a stabilizing agent. The first composition is directed to a biologically compatible composition comprising fibril associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (FACITs) and/or small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans (SLRPs). The fibril associated collagen family includes various types of collagens, such as type VI, type XX, type XII, and type XIV. The small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans family includes decorin, keratocan, biglycan, epiphycan, lumican, mimecan, and fibromodulin. The second composition includes the enzyme found as a normal component of tissues, plasma, or epidermis, such as transglutaminase.
A number of patients visit clinics with a common subjective complaint of heel pain, especially with advancing age. Chronic PHP is characterized by painful inferioromedial aspect of calcaeneum, tender to even palpation. Myofascial pain syndrome cause regional pain and its hallmark feature is the presence of trigger points in the affected muscles. Triggers points in triceps surae i.e. Gastro-soleus can generate symptoms in the vicinity or spill them over to heel, causing pain and restricted mobility. Manual therapy and acupuncture are tools to deactivate MTrPs whilst restoring the muscle to its normal length and full joint range of motion with exercises and stretches. Dry needling treats trigger points by disrupting the tender points; whereas Post isometric relaxation is a form of muscle energy technique that restores the stretch length of a shortened, hypertonic muscle thereby decreasing myofascial pain. The aim of current RCT will be to compare the effects of post isometric relaxation with and without dry needling for trigger points of triceps surae in chronic heel pain patients.

Former studies have been conducted to explore the effects of various conventional and complementary therapies for heel pain rehabilitation. These studies provide evidence for the effectiveness of Muscle energy techniques and dry needling, as isolated treatments, in improving outcome measures for heel pain. Sufficient evidence also supports the efficacy of manual therapies with dry needling for neck pain, low back pain, knee or shoulder pain etc but is scarce for heel pain cases. Our study will apply multimodal approach by combining conventional stretching exercise and MET PIR with dry needling. Evidence of such a study published previously is almost negligible for heel pain rehab
The new H1N1 influenza virus seen in 2009 has been designated a pandemic by the World Health Organization, due to the sustained community outbreaks seen in the United States and Mexico. Based on preliminary data, it appears children and young adults were particularly at risk of the H1N1 virus. People infected with HIV were also more susceptible to severe influenza infections than those who are uninfected. Children with HIV infection, then, have a compounded risk of H1N1 infection. Higher doses of influenza vaccines are associated with the development of higher levels of serum antibodies, which are needed to resist infection. Higher vaccine doses can be used to improve vaccine effectiveness in at-risk populations. This study tested the safety and immune response of HIV infected children and youth to a high dose of a vaccine for the new H1N1 influenza virus.

Participation in this study lasted 7 months and had two steps. The first step involved receiving the first dose of H1N1 virus vaccine, and the second step, occurring 21 days later, involved receiving the second dose of vaccine. Each dose of vaccine was delivered via two intramuscular shots (four total injections). After receiving each dose of the vaccine, participants were given a diary to record any symptoms or reactions. Participants were stratified into three groups by age, including 4 to 9 years, 9 to 18 years, and 18 to 25 years.

Participants completed five scheduled visits, taking place at screening, study entry, Days 21 and 31, and after 7 months. Measurements taken on these visits included a medical history, physical and neurological exams, a blood draw, and, when applicable, a pregnancy test. In addition to these visits, participants received up to three additional phone calls or visits occurring 2 and 10 days after the first dose of vaccine and 2 days after the second dose of vaccine to check for reactions to the vaccine.
Anemia has occurred in NSAID-treated patients. This may be due to occult or gross GI blood loss, fluid retention, or an incompletely described effect on erythropoiesis. If a patient treated with CALDOLOR has any signs or symptoms of anemia, monitor hemoglobin or hematocrit. 

NSAIDs, including CALDOLOR may increase the risk of bleeding events. Co-morbid conditions such as coagulation disorder, concomitant use of warfarin, other anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may increase this risk. Monitor these patients for signs of bleeding [see Drug Interactions (7)]. 

CALDOLOR must be diluted prior to use. Infusion of the drug product without dilution can cause hemolysis [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
A biologic ventricular assist device that also has the capability to capture, grow, and administer stem cells to regenerate and restore damaged myocardium in the heart. The device works in conjunction with a traditional ventricular assist device and possesses an additional external path or tube that is in-line with the path of the ventricular assist device. The external path allows for the administration of stem cells, genes, genetically modified cells or other therapeutic biologic or pharmacologic agents, as well as leading to a stem cell collecting accessory that captures circulating stem cells. The stem cell collecting accessory is also associated with a chamber for culturing the captured stem cells. The cultured stem cells can be delivered back to the heart by an electro-mechanical or ultrasound/echocardiographic delivery system that runs through the external path back into the ventricular assist device and allows for the delivery of the stem cells, or other therapeutic biologic or pharmacologic agents, directly into the internal chambers of the heart. Administering the stem cells, genes, genetically modified cells or other therapeutic biologic or pharmacologic agents, either alone or in combination, to the heart allows the myocardium to regenerate and repair itself even while the heart is attached to the ventricular assist device, ultimately allowing the heart to regenerate, recover and allow the VAD to be removed.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject preparation, capable of including sodium chloride at a high concentration, good in compatibility with the skin without deteriorating even when preserved for a long period and without damaging the skin and having great cleaning effects, etc., on the salt by blending a specific polymer with the sodium chloride and water. SOLUTION: This salt-containing preparation for external use consists essentially of (A) an N-vinylacetamide-based polymer, (B) sodium chloride and (C) water. The ingredient C is blended in an amount of preferably 5-500 pts.wt. based on 100 pts.wt. total amount of the ingredients A and B. A homopolymer or a copolymer of the N-vinylacetamide or its cross-linked material is preferred as the ingredient A. Since the base polymer is nonionic or weakly anionic, the salt can be contained at a high concentration without any reduction in gel concentration due to the salt and a site for application can uniformly be coated with the preparation.
Participants receiving placebo once daily for 8 weeks. At week 8, those participants originally randomized to placebo will initiate dosing with 6mg deucravacitinib once daily for 8 weeks until Week 16.
BACKGROUND: Chronic prostatitis demonstrates a prevalence rate of nearly 5%-10% among young and middle-aged individuals, significantly affecting their daily lives. Researchers have obtained significant outcomes investigating the anti-inflammatory properties of itaconic acid (IA) and its derivative, 4-Octyl itaconate (4-OI), against diverse chronic inflammatory disorders, such as osteoarthritis and airway inflammation. Nevertheless, whether IA can also exert anti-inflammatory effects in chronic prostatitis requires extensive research and validation.
METHODS: Human prostate tissues obtained through transurethral prostate resection (TURP) from individuals were divided into three groups based on different levels of inflammation using hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E). Subsequently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to detect the expression of immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG-1) in these different groups. The animal experiment of this study induced experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) in nonobese diabetic mice through intradermal prostate antigen injection and complete Freund's adjuvant. Then, the experimental group received intraperitoneal injections of different doses of 4-OI, while the control group received injections of saline. Western blot (WB), H&E staining, and TUNEL staining helped analyze the prostate tissues, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) helped evaluate serum inflammatory factors. Reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed for oxidative stress across experimental groups.
RESULTS: IHC analysis of human prostate tissue depicts that IRG-1 expression enhances as prostate inflammation worsens, highlighting the critical role of IA in human prostatitis. The application of 4-OI increased Nrf2/HO-1 expression while inhibited NLRP3 expression following the WB results, and its application resulted in a decrease in cell pyroptosis in prostate tissue, demonstrated by the results of TUNEL staining. Administering a Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 1 h before intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg 4-OI reversed the previous conclusion, further confirming the above conclusion from another perspective. Meanwhile, the ELISA results of serum inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), as well as the measurements of oxidative stress markers MDA and SOD, further confirmed the specific anti-inflammatory effects of 4-OI in EAP.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that 4-OI can alleviates EAP by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis through activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which may facilitate a novel approach toward prostatitis treatment.
OBJECTIVES: It is now understood that pedicle screw loosening at the implant-bone interface can lead to poor screw-bone interface purchase and decreased fixation stability. Previous biomechanical tests used cadaveric vertebrae and pull-out or torque loads to assess the effect of the insertional direction of pedicle screws on screw loosening. However, these tests faced challenges in matching biomechanical differences among specimens and simulating in vivo loads applied on pedicle screws. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the insertional direction of pedicle screws on screw loosening using tension-compression-bending loads and synthetic bone vertebrae.
METHODS: Polyaxial pedicle screws were inserted into nine synthetic bone vertebrae in three directions (three samples per group): cranial, parallel, and caudad (-10°, 0°, +10° of the pedicle screw rod to the upper plane of the vertebra, respectively). Pedicle screws in the vertebrae were loaded using a polyethylene block connected to a material testing machine. Tension-compression-bending loads (100N-250N) with 30,000 cycles were applied to the pedicle screws, and displacements were recorded and then cycle-displacement curve was drawn based on cycle number. Micro-CT scans were performed on the vertebrae after removing the pedicle screws to obtain images of the screw hole, and the screw hole volume was measured using imaging analysis software. Direct comparison of displacements was conducted via cycle-displacement curve. Screw hole volume was analyzed using analysis of variance. The correlation between the displacement, screw hole volume and the direction of pedicle screw was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis.
RESULTS: The smallest displacements were observed in the caudad group, followed by the parallel and cranial groups. The caudad group had the smallest screw hole volume (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009 compared to the cranial and parallel groups, respectively), while the volume in the parallel group was greater than that in the cranial group (p = 0.003). Correlation analysis revealed that the insertional direction of the pedicle screw was associated with the displacement (p = -0.949, p < 0.001) and screw hole volume (p = -0.944, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Strong correlations were found between the insertional direction of the pedicle screw and relevant parameters, including displacement and screw hole volume. Pedicle screw insertion in the caudad direction resulted in the least pedicle screw loosening.
BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a globally increasing health epidemic. Lifestyle intervention is recommended as the main therapy for NAFLD. However, the optimal approach is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a comprehensive approach of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) concerning enhanced control of calorie-restricted diet (CRD), exercise, and personalized nutrition counseling on liver steatosis and extrahepatic metabolic status in Chinese overweight and obese patients with NAFLD.
METHODS: This study was a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted across seven hospitals in China. It involved 226 participants with a body mass index (BMI) above 25. These participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the ILI group, which followed a low carbohydrate, high protein CRD combined with exercise and intensive counseling from a dietitian, and a control group, which adhered to a balanced CRD along with exercise and standard counseling. The main measure of the study was the change in the fat attenuation parameter (FAP) from the start of the study to week 12, analyzed within the per-protocol set. Secondary measures included changes in BMI, liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and the improvement of various metabolic indexes. Additionally, predetermined subgroup analyses of the FAP were conducted based on variables like gender, age, BMI, ethnicity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.
RESULTS: A total of 167 participants completed the whole study. Compared to the control group, ILI participants achieved a significant reduction in FAP (LS mean difference, 16.07 [95% CI: 8.90-23.25] dB/m) and BMI (LS mean difference, 1.46 [95% CI: 1.09-1.82] kg/m2) but not in LSM improvement (LS mean difference, 0.20 [95% CI: -0.19-0.59] kPa). The ILI also substantially improved other secondary outcomes (including ALT, AST, GGT, body fat mass, muscle mass and skeletal muscle mass, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, blood pressure, and homocysteine). Further subgroup analyses showed that ILI, rather than control intervention, led to more significant FAP reduction, especially in patients with concurrent hypertension (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: In this RCT, a 12-week intensive lifestyle intervention program led to significant improvements in liver steatosis and other metabolic indicators in overweight and obese Chinese patients suffering from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Further research is required to confirm the long-term advantages and practicality of this approach.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: This clinical trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT03972631) in June 2019.