anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a key transcription factor that is involved in the bile acid signaling network. The modulation of the FXR activity influences glucose and lipid homeostasis, reduces obesity and insulin resistance, as well as it regulates the pathogenesis of inflammatory and metabolic disorders. FXR ligands have therefore emerged in drug discovery as promising therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal and liver diseases, including cancer.
AREAS COVERED: Recent advances in the field of FXR modulators are reviewed, with a particular attention on patent applications filed in the past 5 years related to both the discovery and development of FXR targeting drugs.
EXPERT OPINION: FXR agonists have proven their efficacy and safety in humans and have shown a significant potential as clinical agents to treat metabolic and inflammatory associated conditions. However, several challenges, including adverse events such as pruritus, remain to be solved. Current studies aim to gain insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms by which FXR regulates metabolism and inflammation in terms of tissue/organ/isoform-specificity, post-translational modifications and coregulatory proteins, on the route of novel, improved FXR modulators.
Advanced age is associated with an increased susceptibility to Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 and more severe outcomes, although the underlying mechanisms are understudied. The lung endothelium is located next to infected epithelial cells and bystander inflammation may contribute to thromboinflammation and COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. Here, we investigated age-associated SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and endothelial inflammatory responses using humanized K18-hACE2 mice. Survival was reduced to 20% in aged mice (85-112 weeks) versus 50% in young mice (12-15 weeks) at 10 days post infection (dpi). Bulk RNA-sequencing of endothelial cells from mock and infected mice at 2dpi of both age groups (aged: 72-85 weeks; young: 15 weeks) showed substantially lower significant differentially regulated genes in infected aged mice than in young mice (712 versus 2294 genes). Viral recognition and anti-viral pathways such as RIG-I-like receptor signaling, NOD-like receptor signaling and interferon signaling were regulated in response to SARS-CoV-2. Young mice showed several fold higher interferon responses (Ifitm3, Ifit1, Isg15, Stat1) and interferon-induced chemokines (Cxcl10 and Cxcl11) than aged mice. Endothelial cells from infected young mice displayed elevated expression of chemokines (Cxcl9, Ccl2) and leukocyte adhesion markers (Icam1) underscoring that inflammation of lung endothelium during infection could facilitate leukocyte adhesion and thromboinflammation. TREM1 and acute phase response signaling were particularly prominent in endothelial cells from infected young mice. Immunohistochemistry was unable to detect viral protein in pulmonary endothelium. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the early host response of the endothelium to SARS-CoV-2 infection declines with aging, which could be a potential contributor to disease severity.
OBJECTIVE: Bradykinesia and rigidity are considered closely related motor signs in Parkinson disease (PD), but recent neurophysiological findings suggest distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. This study aims to examine and compare longitudinal changes in bradykinesia and rigidity in PD patients treated with bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS).
METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, the clinical progression of appendicular and axial bradykinesia and rigidity was assessed up to 15 years after STN-DBS in the best treatment conditions (ON medication and ON stimulation). The severity of bradykinesia and rigidity was examined using ad hoc composite scores from specific subitems of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor part (UPDRS-III). Short- and long-term predictors of bradykinesia and rigidity were analyzed through linear regression analysis, considering various preoperative demographic and clinical data, including disease duration and severity, phenotype, motor and cognitive scores (eg, frontal score), and medication.
RESULTS: A total of 301 patients were examined before and 1 year after surgery. Among them, 101 and 56 individuals were also evaluated at 10-year and 15-year follow-ups, respectively. Bradykinesia significantly worsened after surgery, especially in appendicular segments (p < 0.001). Conversely, rigidity showed sustained benefit, with unchanged clinical scores compared to preoperative assessment (p > 0.05). Preoperative motor disability (eg, composite scores from the UPDRS-III) predicted short- and long-term outcomes for both bradykinesia and rigidity (p < 0.01). Executive dysfunction was specifically linked to bradykinesia but not to rigidity (p < 0.05).
INTERPRETATION: Bradykinesia and rigidity show long-term divergent progression in PD following STN-DBS and are associated with independent clinical factors, supporting the hypothesis of partially distinct pathophysiology. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:234-246.
A graphical user interface (GUI) presents to a clinician/user coded medical information in at least one logical hierarchy, and accepts selections of the presented information made by the user. An electronic medical record generator records user selections into an electronic medical record. The logical hierarchy may be organized, for example, by physiological system, or by type of examination. The Gill includes an image of a body, from which a user can select a body part for examination, examination method selection controls, and one or more sets of buttons optimized for a touchscreen. Each button has a bulbous portion and a narrower label portion. The bulbous portion is large enough to be easily contacted with the user's finger without the user's finger contacting an adjacent button. The narrow label portion protrudes from the bulbous portion and can contain a text label. The controls can thus be lined up alternately in opposite orientations so that they are tightly stacked. A set of controls/buttons can be for indicating and allowing selection of systems of observation. Another set of buttons can be for indicating and allowing selection of observations. Each of these controls can correspond to a medical coding system code for a medical observation and can contain a descriptive label. The system can further comprise an expert system that suggests tests based on user selections. Suggested tests can be highlighted by the graphical user interface.
OBJECTIVE: Glycemia management in critical care is posing a challenge in frequent measuring and adequate insulin dose adjustment. In recent years, continuous glucose measurement has gained accuracy and reliability in outpatient and inpatient settings. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and accuracy of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in ICU patients after major abdominal surgery.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We included patients undergoing pancreatic surgery and solid organ transplantation (liver, pancreas, islets of Langerhans, kidney) requiring an ICU stay after surgery. We used a Dexcom G6 sensor, placed in the infraclavicular region, for real-time CGM. Arterial blood glucose measured by the amperometric principle (ABL 800; Radiometer, Copenhagen, Denmark) served as a reference value and for calibration. Blood glucose was also routinely monitored by a StatStrip bedside glucose meter. Sensor accuracy was assessed by mean absolute relative difference (MARD), bias, modified Bland-Altman plot, and surveillance error grid for paired samples of glucose values from CGM and acid-base analyzer (ABL).
RESULTS: We analyzed data from 61 patients and obtained 1,546 paired glucose values from CGM and ABL. Active sensor use was 95.1%. MARD was 9.4%, relative bias was 1.4%, and 92.8% of values fell in zone A, 6.1% fell in zone B, and 1.2% fell in zone C of the surveillance error grid. Median time in range was 78%, with minimum (<1%) time spent in hypoglycemia. StatStrip glucose meter MARD compared with ABL was 5.8%.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows clinically applicable accuracy and reliability of Dexcom G6 CGM in postoperative ICU patients and a feasible alternative sensor placement site.
The patients are followed on a monthly basis until 12 months. Three intravitreal sham injections are initiated at inclusion (monthly) with reinjection every month only in case of CNV activity (PRN regimen) until 12 months.
The 2019 novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was highly prevalent in China as of December 2022, causing a range of symptoms, predominantly affecting the respiratory tract. While SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is generally mild, severe cases, especially in infants, are rare. We present a case of a previously healthy 7-month-old infant who developed cerebral infarction and coagulation dysfunction three days after COVID-19 onset. Clinically, the infant had weakness in the left limbs and pinpoint bleeding spots. A cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed ischemic strokes in the right basal ganglia and thalamus. Laboratory tests indicated thrombocytopenia and coagulation dysfunction. Inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 were elevated, with increased CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes but decreased CD3- CD16+ CD56+ natural killer cells. Treatment included mannitol, dexamethasone, oral aspirin, and vitamins B1 and B6 for reducing intracranial pressure, antiinflammation, anticoagulation, and nerve support, respectively. During the recovery phase, rehabilitation therapy focused on strength training, fine motor skills, and massage therapy. The infant gradually improved and successfully recovered. While rare, such cases can lead to severe complications. These combined efforts were instrumental in achieving significant functional recovery in the patient, demonstrating that even in severe instances of pediatric cerebral infarction due to COVID-19, positive outcomes are attainable with early and comprehensive medical response.
The authors present a procedure guideline for scintigraphic detection of sentinel lymph nodes in malignant melanoma, in breast cancer, in penile and vulva tumors, in head and neck cancer, and in prostate carcinoma. Important goals of sentinel lymph node scintigraphy comprise reduction of the extent of surgery, lower postoperative morbidity and optimization of histopathological examination focussing on relevant lymph nodes. Sentinel lymph node scintigraphy itself does not diagnose tumorous lymph node involvement and is not indicated when lymph node or distant metastases have been definitely diagnosed before sentinel lymph node scintigraphy. Procedures are compiled with the aim to reliably localise sentinel lymph nodes with a high detection rate typically in early tumour stages. New aspects in this guideline are new radiopharmaceuticals such as tilmanocept and Tc-99m-PSMA and SPECT/CT allowing an easier anatomical orientation. Initial dynamic lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer is of little significance nowadays. Radiation exposure is low so that pregnancy is not a contraindication for sentinel lymph node scintigraphy. A one-day protocol should preferentially be used. Even with high volumes of scintigraphic sentinel lymph node procedures surgeons, theatre staff and pathologists receive a radiation exposure < 1 mSv/year so that they do not require occupational radiation surveillance. Aspects of quality control were included (scintigraphy, quality control of gamma probe, 6 h SLN course for surgeons, certified breast centers, medical surveillance center).
Subjects were randomized to have placebo cream to be applied on the other side of the face twice daily post fractional CO2 laser. Placebo cream were packaged in identical-looking containers with combination cream. The subjects were evaluated on day 3 and day 7 post fractional CO2 laser.
Healthy participants receive oral placebo given 30 minutes prior to bolus \[11C\]raclopride injection followed by intravenous placebo (3ml saline) given 30 minutes post bolus injection of \[11C\]raclopride. PET/phMRI scan (MRI and PET scan) was initiated at the start of the \[11C\]raclopride injection. Participants were subsequently randomized across study arms A and B in different study days with at least 48 hours between visits.
PURPOSE: On the basis of the concept of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), SLNs should contain decisive information for clinical outcomes. In localized prostate cancer patients, this study assessed retrospectively clinical outcome after radical laparoscopic prostatectomy associated with SLNB and extensive pelvic lymph node dissection.
METHODS: A total of 231 consecutive patients of intermediate to high risk were analyzed. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves. Various pathological parameters were analyzed using univariable and multivariable analyses through Cox regression analysis. The study was approved and registered under 2007-R41.
RESULTS: The median follow-up was 7.1 years (95% confidence interval, 6.6-7.5). In total, 38/231 (16.5%) patients were pN1. Of these 38 patients, 27 had only SLN involvement (SLNI), 10 patients had both SLN and non-SLNI, and 1 patient had isolated non-SLNI, indicating a false-negative (FN). If the updated Briganti nomogram threshold set at >7% for recommending extensive pelvic lymph node dissection had been applied to these patients, we would have missed 44% (12/27) of patients with SLNI and 50% (5/10) of patients with SLNI and non-SLNI, as well as the FN patient. At the time of final follow-up, 84/231 (36.5%) patients had recurrence. In multivariable analysis, and regarding node status, the most significant prognostic factor was SLN with macrometastases and/or micrometastases, respectively, P = 10 -3 and P < 10 -3 . No more information was obtained with non-SLN status. Probabilities of RFS between negative and positive SLN patients presented a major significant difference ( P < 10 -15 ) with a risk of event 8.75 times more frequent if SLN was involved than if it was metastasis-free.
CONCLUSIONS: SLNB seems to contain decisive information for the clinical outcome of patients with localized intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer patients. The question raised is thus whether immediate additional postoperative treatment should be offered to patients with metastatic SLN.
Busulfan test dose 32 mg/m2 by vein either as outpatient before Day -12 or as inpatient on Day -11. Busulfan pharmacokinetics performed with test dose and first dose on Day -8. Doses on Days -6 and -5 adjusted to target an AUC of 4,000 microMol.min-1. Dexamethasone 8 mg by vein twice a day from Day -11 AM to Day -2 PM. Caphosol oral rinses 30 mL four times a day used from Day -9. Oral glutamine, 15 g four times a day, swished, gargled and swallowed from Day -9. Pyridoxine 100 mg by vein or mouth three times a day from Day -1. Vorinostat 1000 mg by vein on Day -11 through Day -2. Gemcitabine loading dose 75 mg/m2 by vein followed by 22775 mg/m2 by vein on Day -8. Melphalan 60 mg/m2 by vein on Days -3 and -2. Azacitidine starting dose 15 mg/ m2 by vein on Day -11. Stem cell transplant on Day 0. Patients with CD20+ tumors receive rituximab 375 mg/m2 by vein on Days -9.
Patients at Charite, with lower limb surgery undergoing a protective performed ultrasound guided sciatic nerve block. N=15.
PURPOSE: To obtain a skin cure promoting medicine showing excellent curing characteristics in treatment of burn, orthopedics and alopecia, comprising a glycoprotein extracted from a gram-negative bacterium. CONSTITUTION: A strain of a gram-negative bacterium is cultured in a solid or liquid medium. After the completion of proliferation, the bacterium cells are collected and dissolved to give a dissolved product, which is treated with an organic solvent. A prepared crude formed product is added to an aqueous solution, subjected to centrifugation to give a supernatant liquid, which is lyophilized to give a glycoprotein complex. The glycoprotein complex does not show toxicity of an epidermal growth factor, but shows excellent inducing activity similar to the factor and is useful for treating burns of any cause, burns of three degree, suntan, surface wound, chapped skin, crack, frost bite, insect bite and sting, in surgery, orthopedics, cure promotion and prevention of aging of skin and alopecia.  Klebsiella pneumoniae, Hafnia, Enterobacter cloaceae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella ozaenae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be preferably cited as the gram-negative bacterium.
Participants breathe air with additional inspired oxygen (40%) for 1 night during an overnight sleep study (15 L/min via venturi mask). 1 week later participants will crossover to Sham (sham comparator).
A device (100) for measuring a plurality of parameters of a patient subject to a treatment with radiopharmaceuticals comprises a main body (101) constrained to the patient's body (50) in such a way that the measurement device (100) is of wearable type. The device (100) comprises a plurality of measurement modules, for example a first module (70) and a second module (71), each of which is equipped with a respective sensor (110,111), configured to measure a predetermined parameter of the patient (50). The device (100) is also equipped with a microprocessor (150) configured to process a plurality of data measured by the plurality of sensors (110,111), obtaining a plurality of processed data. Furthermore, a transmission means is provided of wireless type arranged to send via wireless communication the data processed by the microprocessor (150) to a remote control unit (250). The device (100) provides at least one measurement module (70) of radiations. This is equipped with a sensor (110) of radiations configured to measure the radiations emitted by the patient's body in a predetermined time range At and to determine the time of discharge tb of said patient subject to said radiopharmaceutical treatment.
Patients receive supplemental parenteral nutrition within 12 hours of enrollment. Titrated with enteral nutrition to achieve target goal calories and protein.
Subjects in the Exercise Therapy group will attend an initial session with a trained Physical Therapist. During that session the physical therapist will instruct the subject in a home exercise program and instructions about activity limitations. The subject's progress will also be followed by the Physical Therapist during the 6 week follow-up visit with further instructions provided.
FIELD: medicine, endocrinology, pre-rehabilitation therapy. SUBSTANCE: method deals with diet and medicinal therapy along with control for patient's state of health. Additional daily hyperbaric oxygenation is conducted after an intake of mineral water and food at 2-5 seances. Then basic acidic state of capillary blood is examined and at pH value of 7.300-7.350 oxygenation is abolished to start rehabilitation therapy. EFFECT: higher efficiency of adaptation. 2 cl, 4 tbl
A 44-year-old woman with gastric cancer (GC) and fundic gland polyposis (FGPs) was referred to our hospital for further diagnosis and treatment. She successfully underwent eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori (HP) 6 years ago, but did not exhibit FGPs at that time. When she underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy 2, 4, and 5 years after the eradication of HP, her imaging results revealed the existence of FGPs which gradually increased in her gastric fundus and body. Gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS) was suspected and a mutational analysis was performed, revealing an APC promoter 1B variant c.-191T > C. A robotic total gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed. Histopathological analysis of the surgical specimens revealed GC with no lymph node metastasis. GAPPS is characterized by GC and FGPs. However, our case shows different gastric phenotypes that are dependent on the status of HP infection.
Most physicians would consider chemotherapy to be the standard for prostate cancer. In this study all participants will receive the standard chemotherapy. In addition, half the participants will also receive radiation therapy. It is hoped that the radiation therapy will provide additional benefit. The use of radiation therapy and chemotherapy for patients with this kind of cancer is not considered standard treatment at the present time.

Participants will be randomized into groups (or Arms) by a computer program. Participants randomized to Arm 1 will receive chemotherapy alone. Participants in Arm 2 will receive chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Participants in both groups (Arm 1 and Arm 2) will receive standard chemotherapy with docetaxel and prednisone. Docetaxel is given through a needle in a vein in the arm every 3 weeks or 21 days. Participants will take a prednisone tablet once per day until 21 days after the last dose of docetaxel. In addition, all participants will be given a drug called dexamethasone twice daily for 6 doses to help with the side effects of docetaxel. Participants in Arm 2 will first receive radiation therapy to the pelvis and prostate gland. Radiation therapy will be delivered once a day, five days a week for a total of 8-9 weeks. Then beginning 4-6 weeks after the end of radiation therapy, chemotherapy will be given, as described above. In both Arms, the total number of cycles of docetaxel and prednisone will depend upon how the tumor responds to these drugs. All patients should receive a minimum of three cycles of chemotherapy.
The safe and effective nutrition support for severe traumatic brain injury patients with tracheostomy continues to be a challenge. Nasogastric tube feeding has been the mainstream choice in China but with the risk of complications. Intermittent Oro-esophageal Tube Feeding is an established modality of enteral nutrition support that can be used with routine treatment. This study reports the clinical outcomes of Intermittent Oro-esophageal Tube Feeding vs. nasogastric tube feeding, in patients receiving routine treatment. This was a multicenter randomized controlled study of 98 severe traumatic brain injury patients with tracheostomy. Patients enrolled were divided randomly into the observation group with Intermittent Oro-esophageal Tube Feeding (n=50) or the control group with Nasogastric tube feeding (n=48) for enteral nutrition support, respectively. Nutritional status, complications, decannulation of tracheostomy tubes and level of consciousness on day 1 and day 28 were recorded and compared.
The invention discloses a method for preparing a primitive stem-cell subset by separating and culturing a kind of primitive stem-cell subset, and relates to a method for using the primitive stem-cell subset in treatment of cardiovascular injury. Cell phenotypes of the kind of primitive stem-cell subset separated from marrows and cultured are positive for CD29, CD44, CD105, F1k-1. Inducing the primitive stem-cell subset to differentiate into a cardiovascular tissue relates to separation and cultivation of the original stem-cell subset. In vitro, the primitive stem-cell subset is induced by an inducing factor and cultured to respectively express a specific cell-surface marker and a relevant antigen molecule of myocardial cells and vascular endothelial cells. In vivo, after induction, the marked primitive stem-cell subset is detected to have a same positive result, and the primitive stem-cell subset differentiates into functional myocardial cells and vascular endothelial cells. For an acute myocardial infarction patient, using intracoronary injection of an autologous primitive stem-cell subset after PCI treatment obviously improves cardiac functions and prognosis of the patient, compared with a detection result of a control group. The primitive stem-cell subset provides a new approach for the treatment of cardiovascular injury, especially for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.