anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Drug addiction is a chronic illness characterized by problematic drug use, followed by periods of abstinence, reductions in use, or return to problematic drug use. Despite this, substance abuse treatment has traditionally been based on an acute care model. The field needs an addiction management model for drug-dependent patients, which, like disease management for other chronic conditions, provides: 1) initial stabilization; 2) ongoing treatment to maintain clinical gains; 3) monitoring of patient symptoms; and 4) adjustments to the treatment based on the patient's response.

In response to these needs we have developed the Long Term Recovery Management (LTRM) model. LTRM is predicated on initiating long-term addiction management at the onset of substance abuse treatment, extending the length of treatment, expediting the transitions between intensive treatment and maintenance of behavioral change, adapting treatment intensity to patient's response to treatment, and actively facilitating the therapeutic alliance. LTRM combines 3 established treatment techniques (Community Reinforcement Approach, Contingency Management, and Facilitated Therapeutic Alliance), each with demonstrated efficacy, into a chronic disease model. In addition, patient cases are kept open, thereby removing potential obstacles to re-engagement with stepped-up care, when indicated. The LTRM model emphasizes: engagement in continuous long-term treatment and recovery support, therapeutic alliance, and early re-intervention as the main mechanisms for maintenance of behavioral change.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

In a randomized, observer-blinded, controlled trial, VALCHLOR 0.016% (equivalent to 0.02% mechlorethamine HCl) was compared to an Aquaphor ®-based mechlorethamine HCl 0.02% ointment (Comparator) [see Clinical Studies (14)]. The maximum duration of treatment was 12 months. Sixty-three percent (63%) of patients in the VALCHLOR arm and 67% in the comparator arm completed 12 months of treatment. 

The body system associated with the most frequent adverse reactions was skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders. The most common adverse reactions (occurring in at least 5% of the patients) are shown in Table 1. 

In the clinical trial, moderately-severe to severe skin-related adverse events were managed with treatment reduction, suspension, or discontinuation. Discontinuations due to adverse reactions occurred in 22% of patients treated with VALCHLOR and 18% of patients treated with the comparator. Sixty-seven percent (67%) of the discontinuations for adverse reactions occurred within the first 90 days of treatment. Temporary treatment suspension occurred in 34% of patients treated with VALCHLOR and 20% of patients treated with the comparator. Reductions in dosing frequency occurred in 23% of patients treated with VALCHLOR and 12% of patients treated with the comparator.

Reductions in hemoglobin, neutrophil count, or platelet count occurred in 13% of patients treated with VALCHLOR and 17% treated with Comparator.
The intervention consists of Axon Peptide 108 coupled to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) 40 µg/0.30 mL suspension for injection; and aluminium hydroxide Al(OH)3 (containing approx. 0.5 mg Al3+/0.30 mL), administered subcutaneously. The basic immunisation regimen consists of 6 doses administered subcutaneously in 6-week intervals. Subsequently, 5 booster doses are applied in 13-week intervals, for a total of 11 administrations.
Manifestations: Antihistamine overdosage reactions may vary from central nervous system depression to stimulation. Stimulation is particularly likely in children. Atropine-like signs and symptoms - dry mouth; fixed, dilated pupils; flushing; and gastrointestinal symptoms may also occur. 

Especially in infants and children, antihistamine overdosage may cause hallucinations, convulsions, or death.

The oral LD 50 of carbinoxamine maleate in guinea pigs is 411 mg/kg. 

Treatement: The treatment of overdosage with carbinoxamine maleate is essentially symptomatic and supportive. Vital signs (including respiration, pulse, blood pressure, and temperature) and EKG should be monitored. Induction of vomiting is not recommended. Activated charcoal should be given and gastric lavage should be considered after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of drug. In the presence of severe anticholinergic effects, physostigmine may be useful. Vasopressors may be used to treat hypotension.
PURPOSE:To make it possible to granulate a fine granule having a desired shape and a particle size width in good efficiency within a short time, by a method wherein a mixture of a powder and a particulate low m.p. substance is heated while fluidized and the powder is adhered to the low m.p. substance during the melting process of the low m.p. substance. CONSTITUTION:A powder comprising medicines or food and an excipient are mixed in a low m.p. substance (e.g., macrogol) ground and screened to a particle size slightly larger than an objective shape and a particle size. The resulting mixture is heated to the m.p. or more of the low m.p. substance while fluidized in flowing air and, in this melting process, the powder component present around the low m.p. substance is adhered to or adsorbed by the low. p.m. substance while the obtained granule is cooled to obtain a fine granule having a desired shape and a particle size width in good efficiency within a short time. The use amount of the low m.p. substance is different according to a granulating object and, for example, if a granule is aimed, the low m.p. substance with a particle size of 20-35 mesh is pref. used in an amount of 0.2-0.4pts.wt. relative to 1pt.wt. powder.
A method may include determining, based at least on a knowledge graph, a plurality of biological interaction profiles associated with a plurality of drugs. The knowledge graph being representative of a plurality of interactions between a variety of drugs, proteins, and a hierarchy of biological functions. Each biological interaction profile may be representative of the effects of a corresponding drug being propagated through protein-protein interactions and biological functions. A liver injury prediction model may be trained, based on a training dataset including the biological interaction profiles, a probability of drug induced liver injury. The liver injury prediction model to may be applied to determine, based on the biological interaction profile of a drug, the probability of liver injury associated with the drug. In some cases, the liver injury prediction model may further determine the probability of liver injury based on the molecular fingerprint and/or the molecular properties of the drug.
All patients will be fitted with the novel tapered 3.0 cm applicator. Patients have the option of having magnetic resonance imaging with the tapered applicator in place.
All patients will be offered the self-care checklist of homecare approaches at baseline. Self-care only participants successfully completing the 6 months assessment will be given the option for RIST or AMCT for one month.
Standard initiation of any DOAC at a dose licensed for stroke prevention in AF, no sooner than day 7 and no later than day 14 after the onset of acute ischaemic stroke (i.e. between 144hrs and 336hrs from onset).
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is highly prevalent worldwide. Impairments in conditioned pain modulation (CPM) have been documented in CLBP populations. CPM refers to endogenous pain inhibition, where one noxious stimulus inhibits pain from a second noxious stimulus. This relies on descending inhibitory pathways. However, it is unknown whether CPM alterations differ between individuals with localized versus widespread mechanical pain hypersensitivity. The aim of this cross-sectional quantitative sensory testing study is to compare CPM function between localized and widespread CLBP subgroups. A sample of 75 adults with CLBP of at least 3 months duration will be recruited from a chronic pain clinic. Based on pressure pain threshold mapping at the low back and distal sites, participants will be classified as having localized or widespread mechanical hyperalgesia.
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline that has excellent anticancer effects during tumor chemotherapy, but it can cause cardiotoxic effects and its clinical use has been limited. Therefore, finding new drugs or methods to prevent or reverse the cardiac damage caused by DOX therapy in cancer patients is essential. Previous studies have identified potential cardioprotective effects of Centella asiatica (C. asiatica), and madecassic acid (MA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid derived from C. asiatica. However, the pharmacological effects of MA on the heart and tumors during tumor chemotherapy are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological function and molecular mechanisms of MA in the heart and tumor during chemotherapy. In a DOX-induced acute heart failure mouse model and a cardiomyocyte injury model, MA reduced cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and the inflammatory response, improved mitochondrial function, and attenuated autophagic flux blockade and apoptosis. Interestingly, MA significantly increased the expression and activity of SIRT1. When SIRT1 was knocked down, the protective effect of MA on cardiomyocytes was significantly inhibited, suggesting that MA may exert cardioprotective effects through the SIRT1 pathway. Interestingly, in contrast to its cardioprotective effect, MA could synergize with DOX and significantly contribute to the anticancer chemotherapeutic effect of DOX by inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion; promoting apoptosis; and suppressing tumor progression by inhibiting the expression of the DDX5 pathway in tumor cells. Here, we identified the pharmacological functions of the pentacyclic triterpenoid MA in ameliorating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and enhancing the antitumor efficacy of DOX.
HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation NOT on tuberculosis treatment who received dolutegravir (DTG) 50 mg once a day (q.d.).
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that surgical treatment of colorectal carcinomas in certified centers leads to improved outcomes. However, there were considerable fluctuations in outcome parameters. It has not yet been examined whether this variability is due to continuous differences between hospitals or variability within a hospital over time.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective observational cohort study, administrative quality assurance data of 153 German-certified colorectal cancer centers between 2010 and 2019 were analyzed. Six outcome quality indicators (QIs) were studied: 30-day postoperative mortality (POM) rate, surgical site infection (SSI) rate, anastomotic insufficiency (AI) rate, and revision surgery (RS) rate. AI and RS were also analyzed for colon (C) and rectal cancer operations (R). Variability was analyzed by funnel plots with 95% and 99% control limits and modified Cleveland dot plots.
RESULTS: In the 153 centers, 90 082 patients with colon cancer and 47 623 patients with rectal cancer were treated. Average QI scores were 2.7% POM, 6.2% SSI, 4.8% AI-C, 8.5% AI-R, 9.1% RS-C, and 9.8% RS-R. The funnel plots revealed that for every QI, about 10.1% of hospitals lay above the upper 99% and about 8.7% below the lower 99% control limit. In POM, SSI, and AI-R, a significant negative correlation with the average annual caseload was observed.
CONCLUSION: The analysis showed high variability in outcome quality between and within the certified colorectal cancer centers. Only a small number of hospitals had a high performance on all six QIs, suggesting that significant quality variation exists even within the group of certified centers.
Medial vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves pro-inflammatory pathways induced by hyperphosphatemia. Several interleukin 6 family members have been associated with pro-calcific effects in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and are considered as therapeutic targets. Therefore, we investigated the role of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) during VSMC calcification. LIF expression was found to be increased following phosphate exposure of VSMCs. LIF supplementation aggravated, while silencing of endogenous LIF or LIF receptor (LIFR) ameliorated the pro-calcific effects of phosphate in VSMCs. The soluble LIFR mediated antagonistic effects towards LIF and reduced VSMC calcification. Mechanistically, LIF induced phosphorylation of the non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase 2 (TYK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) in VSMCs. TYK2 inhibition by deucravacitinib, a selective, allosteric oral immunosuppressant used in psoriasis treatment, not only blunted the effects of LIF, but also interfered with the pro-calcific effects induced by phosphate. Conversely, TYK2 overexpression aggravated VSMC calcification. Ex vivo calcification of mouse aortic rings was ameliorated by Tyk2 pharmacological inhibition and genetic deficiency. Cholecalciferol-induced vascular calcification in mice was improved by Tyk2 inhibition and in the Tyk2-deficient mice. Similarly, calcification was ameliorated in Abcc6/Tyk2-deficient mice after adenine/high phosphorus-induced CKD. Thus, our observations indicate a role for LIF in CKD-associated vascular calcification. Hence, the effects of LIF identify a central pro-calcific role of TYK2 signaling, which may be a future target to reduce the burden of vascular calcification in CKD.
Succinylcholine Chloride Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution to be used as a short-acting, depolarizing neuromuscular blocker for intravenous or intramuscular use. Succinylcholine Chloride Injection contains succinylcholine chloride as the active pharmaceutical ingredient. 

Succinylcholine Chloride, USP is chemically designated C14H30Cl2N2O4 and its molecular weight is 361.31. The chemical name of succinylcholine chloride is ethanaminium, 2,2'-[(1,4-dioxo-1,4 butanediyl)bis(oxy)]bis[N,N,N-trimethyl-], dichloride. Succinylcholine chloride is a diquaternary base consisting of the dichloride salt of the dicholine ester of succinic acid. It is a white, odorless, slightly bitter powder, very soluble in water. It has the following structural formula: 

Succinylcholine Chloride Injection, USP 200 mg/10 mL (20 mg/mL) is intended for multiple-dose administration and contains preservative. Each 1 mL of Succinylcholine Chloride Injection, USP 200 mg/10 mL (20 mg/mL) multiple-dose fliptop vials contains: 20 mg of succinylcholine chloride anhydrous (equivalent to 22 mg of succinylcholine chloride dihydrate), 1.8 mg of methylparaben and 0.2 mg of propylparaben as preservatives, 4.7 mg of sodium chloride as iso-osmotic agent, and sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid as pH adjusters in Water for Injection. The pH of the solution is between 3.0 and 4.5, with an osmolarity of 0.338 mOsm/mL (calc.).
Water soluble salts of antibiotics aminated on a beta lactam ring (I) are prepd. by treating the antibiotic (I) with a non-toxic metal carbonate or bicarbonate under anhydrous or quasi-anhydrous conditions, opt. in a polar solvent. Pref. the antibiotic is ampicillin, amoxicillin or cephalexin. The water soluble salts have the same activity as the parent antibiotic but are more suitable for administration by injection or as drinkable solns. Method does not use basic salts or bases.
AIMS: βII spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein known to be tightly linked to heart development and cardiovascular electrophysiology. However, the roles of βII spectrin in cardiac contractile function and pathological post-myocardial infarction remodelling remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether and how βII spectrin, the most common isoform of non-erythrocytic spectrin in cardiomyocytes, is involved in cardiac contractile function and ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We observed that the levels of serum βII spectrin breakdown products (βII SBDPs) were significantly increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Concordantly, βII spectrin was degraded into βII SBDPs by calpain in mouse hearts after I/R injury. Using tamoxifen-inducible cardiac-specific βII spectrin knockout mice, we found that deletion of βII spectrin in the adult heart resulted in spontaneous development of cardiac contractile dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis at 5 weeks after tamoxifen treatment. Moreover, at 1 week after tamoxifen treatment, although spontaneous cardiac dysfunction in cardiac-specific βII spectrin knockout mice had not developed, deletion of βII spectrin in the heart exacerbated I/R-induced cardiomyocyte death and heart failure. Furthermore, restoration of βII spectrin expression via adenoviral small activating RNA (saRNA) delivery into the heart reduced I/R injury. Immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry (IP-LC-MS/MS) analyses and functional studies revealed that βII spectrin is indispensable for mitochondrial complex I activity and respiratory function. Mechanistically, βII spectrin promotes translocation of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75-kDa Fe-S protein 1 (NDUFS1) from the cytosol to mitochondria by crosslinking with actin filaments (F-actin) to maintain F-actin stability.
CONCLUSION: βII spectrin is an essential cytoskeletal element for preserving mitochondrial homeostasis and cardiac function. Defects in βII spectrin exacerbate cardiac I/R injury.
The present invention encompasses stable and water-soluble solutions having antimicrobial action. These solutions are suitable as preservatives for cosmetic and dermatological products. A solvent and main constituent used in the solutions is at least one water-soluble dihydric alcohol (alkanediol). For stabilization, water is added to a limited degree. The solutions also contain at least one carboxylic acid and simultaneously at least one carboxylic salt. The ratio of carboxylic acid(s) and carboxylic salt(s) within the solutions of the invention is adjusted such that the pH of aqueous formulations changes only slightly on addition of the solutions of the invention.
In contrast to the majority of the population, many adopted individuals do not have access to personal or familial medical information because of laws and practices that prevent disclosure. A body of research has suggested however that adopted individuals are interested in obtaining this information regarding their biological families. The proposed study broadly aims to explore adult adoptees' perceptions regarding the potential value of genetic and family history information. Specifically it will investigate adoptees' motivations for obtaining the information, their perceptions regarding the influence of genetics on health, and their experiences with healthcare providers related to adoption and medical information. These objectives will be addressed in telephone interviews with English-Speaking adult adoptees (over the age of 18 years) that were placed in unrelated adoptive families. A semi-structured guide for the telephone interviews consists of a series of open-ended questions that explore the objectives of the study. We hope to collect data on about 40 individuals. The data will be subject to coding for thematic analyses to identify recurring trends and themes. This study has implications for genetic counselors as the findings may guide the development of appropriate educational messages and counseling recommendations for adopted individuals related to their genetic and family history information.
Agenesis of the temporomandibular condyle is a congenital/developmental disorder that can present with the absence of the condyle and an incomplete development of the articular fossa and eminence, resulting in facial asymmetry as well as masticatory dysfunction. The purpose of this report is to present the case of a three-year-old girl with absence of the left temporomandibular condyle. The patient presented with pain and dysfunction in the left masseter muscle, pre-auricular area and ear as well as mild chin deviation to the left. The most common treatment modality is to wait and treat this condition with surgical intervention once the patient is grown. However, oral orthopedic appliances can be considered to promote bone formation prior to surgery. Prompt recognition and early treatment is advisable to take advantage of the child's growth and avoid further facial asymmetry, pain and dysfunction.
To evaluate the effectiveness of the Habit Design approach, the investigators will conduct a randomized controlled trial with 424 corporate health program participants over the course of one year. Study subjects will be employees of TriHealth or their spouses who have completed a health screening as part of their corporate wellness program and identified as having metabolic syndrome. All subjects will be coached to increase physical activity, which will be monitored with a Fitbit and Fitabase software. Additionally, prior to randomization, subjects will choose a goal of increasing fruit and vegetable intake or substituting water for sugar-sweetened beverages. Subjects will be randomly assigned to receive either standard coaching (control condition) or HD-enhanced coaching (experimental condition). Conditions will be stratified/balanced by choice of goal and gender using urn randomization. In both conditions coaching will be manualized, monitored for fidelity, and delivered via telephone in 12 weekly active coaching sessions followed by 4 monthly maintenance coaching sessions. Coaching sessions will last 15-30 minutes. The primary outcome will be average daily step count measured with Fitbit over the course of at least one week at baseline, 16 weeks, 32 weeks, and 48 weeks. The secondary outcomes will be indices of fruit/vegetable intake or water intake, according to the participant's choice. Tertiary outcomes will consist of fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index, measured at each time point. Additionally, self-reported physical activity; junk food, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption; automaticity of exercise and fruit, vegetable, and water consumption; self-efficacy and social support for target behaviors; and health-related quality of life will be assessed over time. Ratings of usability and satisfaction and app usage metrics will also be examined. Analyses will be intent-to-treat and assume 15% loss to follow-up.
In multiple-dose clinical trials of oral azithromycin, 9% of patients were at least 65 years of age (458/4949) and 3% of patients (144/4949) were at least 75 years of age. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in response between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

Elderly patients may be more susceptible to development of torsades de pointes arrhythmias than younger patients. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

Azithromycin tablets 250 mg contain 0.32 mg of sodium per tablet. Azithromycin tablets 500 mg contain 0.65 mg of sodium per tablet.
A tablet including high dosage of 8-fluoro-2-(4-[(methylamino)methyl]phenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-6H-azepino[5,4,3-cd]indol-6-one camsylate salt has been disclosed. The invention is directed to high dosage strength tablets of rucaparib. In some embodiments, the tablet includes 45-90% w/w rucaparib camsylate. In some embodiments, the dry granulated tablet includes 45-90% w/w rucaparib camsylate. One such embodiment is a tablet containing at least 200 mg rucaparib. Another embodiment is a tablet containing at least 300 mg rucaparib. The invention also relates to the use of the tablet in the treatment of a mammalian disease condition mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity, including, for example, cancer.