anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
FIELD: biochemistry, peptide chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention describes synthesis of compound of the formula: A-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH-B where: A - H-Tyr or X - Tyr-Y-Phe-Z where: X - H or optically active basic amino acid; Y - D-amino acid; Z - optically active amino acid; B - H or alkyl group. Synthesis is carried out in solution. Firstly, condensation of fragment Boc-Ser(Bzl)-NH-B is carried out in the presence of N-methylmorpholine and liquid chromatography is carried out on Diasorb-130 in acetonitrile solution. Preparations based on the synthesized peptide show antialcoholic action and can be used in complex with other peptide preparations and can be used in medicine as biologically active compounds. EFFECT: improved method of peptide synthesis.
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) remains both a clinical diagnosis and one of exclusion. Laboratory testing is largely focused on identifying precipitating factors. Ammonia levels in the blood can be helpful for the diagnosis of HE but are not required for confirmation. More recent literature is lending support to the prognostic capabilities of ammonia in cirrhosis, both in predicting future HE events and in determining outcomes in hospitalized patients. Accurate ammonia testing requires strict protocols to avoid common pitfalls in the measurement of this labile analyte. Future studies investigating the utility of other laboratory testing to diagnose, stage, or predict HE are encouraged.
Many drug therapies could be greatly improved by dosage forms that reside in the stomach for prolonged time and release the drug slowly. In this specification, therefore, a gastroretentive structured dosage form is disclosed. The dosage form comprises a solid core having at least a fluid-absorptive first excipient. The dosage form further comprises a semi-permeable surface layer substantially encapsulating said solid core. The surface layer comprises at least a mechanically strengthening second excipient. Upon ingestion, the surface layer-supported solid core expands with physiological fluid absorption and remains in the stomach for prolonged time.
Participants will receive single oral Dose 1 of milvexian as oral Tablet 1 under fasting conditions (Treatment K) in Treatment Period 1, followed by single oral Dose 1 of milvexian oral Tablet 2 under fasting conditions (Treatment L) in Treatment Period 2 and then single oral Dose 1 of milvexian as Phase 2 oral capsules under fasting conditions (Treatment M) in Treatment Period 3 on Day 1 in each Treatment Period during Part 3A. There will be a wash-out period of 5 days between Day 1 of adjacent treatment periods.
Trial participants were treated with Vorinostat (3 days on/4 days off regimen) to limit toxicity. Subjects were initially dosed with 200 mg (two 100 mg capsules) by mouth daily for three months, followed by dose escalation to 400 mg (four 100 mg capsules) by mouth daily for three months.
The ability to perform laparoscopic colorectal surgery is an essential attribute of a general surgeon. Residents' contribution to colorectal procedures ranges from 33 to 40%. Few papers describe the outcomes of treatment provided by residents. The learning curve in colorectal techniques requires 88 to 152 cases to reach proficiency. Data on the participation of residents and the outcomes of procedures performed by surgeons in training are in demand. The objective of this study is to comprehensively investigate the outcomes of colorectal procedures performed by general surgery residents supervised by experienced colorectal surgeons and assess their previous laparoscopic experience. A retrospective single-center analysis was performed based on a review of database records. It included 498 elective colorectal procedures performed in a high-volume colorectal surgery center, where over 200 procedures are performed each year. The study included all individuals undergoing elective colorectal resection due to cancer between January 2022 and December 2023. 43 procedures were performed by residents and 455 by experienced colorectal surgeons. The procedures were performed by five experienced colorectal surgeons and three residents in their third to sixth year of surgical training. When performing evaluated procedures, residents were performed under the surveillance of experienced colorectal surgeons, according to Polish law requirements.
BACKGROUND: The clinical benefits of transcatheter edge to edge mitral valve repair have been well established in patients with heart failure and severe mitral regurgitation (MR) who have prohibitive surgical risk. In March of 2019, the FDA approved the MitraClip for treatment of selected patients with HF and severe secondary MR. However, the relative outcomes of patients with HFrEF and HFpEF treated with MitraClip are largely unknown. We therefore sought to investigate the incidence and characteristics of in-hospital mortality in patients with HFpEF and HFrEF following MitraClip.
METHODS: The study sample analyzed was originated from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) registry which includes data from hospitalized patients in the United States (US) between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2020. Data were extracted from the entire NIS registry using ICD-9 codes. Patients with the primary or secondary diagnosis of MitraClip were identified. Hospitalizations for HFpEF and HFrEF were identified based on ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes. Demographics, conventional risk factors, and in-hospital outcomes were evaluated.
RESULTS: 23,260 hospitalizations for MitraClip implantation between 2016 and 2020 were analyzed. The HFrEF group had higher absolute rates of complications as well as a higher observed in-hospital mortality (2.4 % vs 1.7 %; OR 0.75 95 % CI 0.44-1.26; p 0.28) which did not meet statistical significance. Absolute rates of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute kidney injury (AKI) and respiratory failure necessitating invasive mechanical ventilation were observed to be higher among HFrEF patients. Post-procedural shock was significantly more common in patients with HFrEF (9.0 % vs 2.8 %: OR 0.34 95 % CI 0.25-0.48 p < 0.001). Significantly longer hospitalizations were observed in the HFrEF cohort (5.3 ± 11.2 days vs 4.2 ± 7.3 days; p < 0.001) as well as a higher total hospitalization cost (61,723 ± 56,728 USD vs 57,278 ± 46,143).
CONCLUSIONS: In the present study of US patients, those with HFrEF were observed to have statistically higher risk of in-hospital post-procedural shock and longer hospitalization length of stay when compared with patients with HFpEF who underwent MitraClip implantation. Additionally, patients with HFrEF undergoing MitraClip procedure were observed to have higher absolute rates of certain post-procedural complications, however these observations did not reach statistical significance. Understanding of the aforementioned differences after MitraClip implantation may be useful in-patient selection, prognostic guidance, and hypothesis generation to propel future large clinical studies.
The role of gut microbiome in acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing recognized. Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to enhance the resistance to ischemia/reperfusion injury to the kidneys in rodents. Nonetheless, it is unknown whether intestinal microbiota mediated CR protection against ischemic/reperfusion-induced injury (IRI) in the kidneys. Herein, we showed that CR ameliorated IRI-elicited renal dysfunction, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, along with enhanced intestinal barrier function. In addition, gut microbiota depletion blocked the favorable effects of CR in AKI mice. 16S rRNA and metabolomics analysis showed that CR enriched the gut commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii (P. goldsteinii) and upregulated the level of serum metabolite dodecafluorpentan. Intestinal colonization of P. goldsteinii and oral administration of dodecafluorpentan showed the similar beneficial effects as CR in AKI mice. RNA sequencing and experimental data revealed that dodecafluorpentan protected against AKI-induced renal injury by antagonizing oxidative burst and NFκB-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In addition, we screened and found that Hamaudol improved renal insufficiency by boosting the growth of P. goldsteinii. Our results shed light on the role of intestinal microbiota P. goldsteinii and serum metabolites dodecafluorpentan in CR benefits to AKI.
Gout is a chronic disease that is caused by an innate immune response to deposited monosodium urate crystals in the setting of hyperuricemia. Here, we provide insights into the molecular mechanism of the poorly understood inflammatory component of gout from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 2.6 million people, including 120,295 people with prevalent gout. We detected 377 loci and 410 genetically independent signals (149 previously unreported loci in urate and gout). An additional 65 loci with signals in urate (from a GWAS of 630,117 individuals) but not gout were identified. A prioritization scheme identified candidate genes in the inflammatory process of gout, including genes involved in epigenetic remodeling, cell osmolarity and regulation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity. Mendelian randomization analysis provided evidence for a causal role of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in gout. Our study identifies candidate genes and molecular processes in the inflammatory pathogenesis of gout suitable for follow-up studies.
Edema is referred to increase in interstitial fluid that is clinically evident. The main causes of generalized edema are heart failure, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis and chronic liver failure. In some cases, edema is treated by management of the underlying disease. However, in some other cases edema may persist and become more severe that needs adjuvant treatments. Because use of diuretics such as furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide is not completely effective in treating severe refractory edema, use of some other diuretics is also recommended. In this double-blind clinical trial, weight and some lab data including blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum albumin, urine sodium, urine potassium, 24-hour urine volume, 24-hour urine protein and 24-hour urine creatinine of 20 random adult patients with nephrotic syndrome who have refractory edema and GFR\>60 ml/min/1.73m2 and are referred to nephrology clinic of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences will be measured; the patients should not have hypokalemia and other causes of edema such as heart failure or cirrhosis. Then the patients are divided into 2 groups with 10 members in each. The first group will be prescribed 40 mg of furosemide and 50 mg of hydrochlorothiazide and the second one will receive 250 mg of acetazolamide and 50 mg of hydrochlorothiazide daily for 1 week. Then, weight and mentioned lab data will be measured again. After that, all the patients will have 40 mg of furosemide daily for 2 weeks. Then, weight and mentioned lab data will be measured for one more time.
Pectus excavatum is a cartilaginous deformity that is the most common congenital anterior chest wall defect in children \[1\]. Children with this disease process often complain of dyspnea, decreased exercise tolerance, and shortness of breath implying a restrictive pulmonary deficit \[2\]. Besides the reported physical limitations, patients can also exhibit manifestations of psychological disturbances (poor body image and depression). Surgical repair has been correlated with enhanced quality of life and improvement in body image\[3\] with recent studies showing improved pulmonary function and cardiac output \[4, 5\]. Surgery initially introduced by Sauerbruch involved rib cartilage resection and sternal osteotomy. This open procedure was further modified and became \[6\] known as the Ravitch procedure. This was the mainstay for repair for over 40 years until the introduction of minimally invasive surgery without rib resection by Nuss and colleagues in 1987 \[7\]. The Nuss repair involves placing an intrathoracic brace through small lateral chest wall incisions aided by thoracoscopy. Similar to bracing the teeth, the Nuss procedure avoids osteotomy or rib cartilage resection \[8\]. The Nuss procedure is the most common minimally invasive procedure in use today to correct this condition and is the current standard of surgical practice. Complications from Nuss repair can range anywhere from 7% to 25% \[9\] and can occur for as long as the bar is in place. Pain control remains a major issue in the perioperative period as patients may require weeks to months of oral narcotics before becoming pain-free after correction of the pectus. A prospective multicenter study reported peak pain scores of 8 on a 0-10 scale in the postoperative period and a mean score of 3 at discharge \[4\]. Postoperative pain after pectus repair has been managed with IV opioids administered by patient controlled analgesia (PCA) devices and by thoracic epidural infusions of combinations of local anesthetics and opioids. It is unclear from published data which method is superior and different tertiary care centers in the USA have a preference for different methods.
Patients receive 18F-fluoromisonidazole IV and undergo PET and DCE MRI within 30 days before beginning Y90 SIRT. Patients undergo Y90 SIRT per standard of care.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cases of acute mastoiditis, characteristics, management and complications in children attended in the emergency department.
METHODS: Retrospective study of acute mastoiditis in a Spanish tertiary hospital over a 6-year period (2018-2023).
RESULTS: One hundred two episodes of acute mastoiditis were analyzed (54% males, median age 1.8 years). Microorganisms were isolated in one third of cases, mainly Streptococcus pyogenes (64% of ear secretion cultures). Complications occurred in 27.5%, primarily subperiosteal abscess. A younger age, absence of vaccination schedule, previous history of otitis, cochlear implant carriers or white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels were not associated with complications. Complicated cases had longer hospitalizations. Treatment included antibiotics, corticosteroids, and surgery in 50% of cases.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows an increase of acute mastoiditis during 2023, with a relevant role of S. pyogenes. A younger age, absence of vaccination, personal history of otitis or cochlear implant, blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels were not associated with complications.
The present invention includes a method to produce immune-active milk products from raw milk. The method includes the steps of separating a raw milk composition into a nonfat milk fraction and a fat fraction, followed by UV-C pasteurization of the nonfat milk fraction to yield the immune-active milk product. Optionally, a composition comprising milk fat globule membrane components is added to the nonfat milk fraction either prior to or subsequent to the UV-C pasteurization step. Optionally, the nonfat milk fraction is treated with lactase to hydrolyze the lactose. The method can also optionally include a step of low-temperature drying of the immune-active milk composition, or alternatively ultrafiltration and/or diafiltration can be used to produce a milk protein concentrate as the immune-active milk products. The immune-active milk products obtained by the methods of the invention can be used to reduce, prevent or treat immune dysfunctions.
This is an open-label (individuals will know the identity of study treatments), dose-escalation study to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics (PK; study of what the body does to a drug) of JNJ-40346527. Up to 38 subjects could be enrolled in the Phase 1 portion of the study and up to 30 subjects could be enrolled in the Phase 2 portion of the study (although planned, the study did not move forward to the Phase 2 portion). During the Phase 1 portion of the study, dose escalation of JNJ-40346527 will start at 150 mg (Cohort 1) once daily up to the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or the highest planned dose (600 mg once daily); twice daily dosing may also be performed if deemed necessary. A Study Evaluation Team (SET) will review all available data after 1 cycle (21 days) of treatment for each cohort before any additional dose escalation occurs and will also determine the recommended Phase 2 dose for the expansion cohort. This study will consist of 3 periods: a screening period (from signing of informed consent until immediately before dosing), an open-label treatment period (from the first dose of study drug until the end-of-treatment visit), and a follow-up period (after the end-of-treatment visit). All patients will participate in the screening and treatment period. Patients will be administered JNJ-40346527 continuously until disease progression, or unacceptable toxicity (based on investigator assessment). The National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events will be used to grade toxicity throughout the study. Disease response will be assessed according to the Revised Response Criteria for Malignant Lymphoma. Treatment will continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (based on investigator assessment) occurs. Only patients who discontinue study drug before disease progression or discontinue due to treatment-related Grade 3 or higher toxicity will continue in the follow-up period. Serial PK samples will be collected in Cycle 1 as detailed in the protocol. Safety will be monitored throughout the study.
The investigators will hold separate focus groups for parents of the two age groups and clinicians. We anticipate conducting approximately 6 focus groups with 8-10 participants in each to review and refine the sleep program.
Parkinson's disease affects 1 million people in the US with a rising prevalence. In addition to neurological problems, patients with Parkinson's Disease often suffer from debilitating gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms related to delayed stomach emptying, gas/bloating, and constipation. GI complaints of patients suffering from Parkinson's Disease are poorly understood. This proposal aims to characterize GI disturbance in patients with Parkinson's Disease and provide deeper understanding by investigating symptoms, regional and whole gut transit, anorectal physiology, and the brain-gut axis. The investigator believes patients with Parkinson's Disease will show altered GI sensation, slower GI motility and demonstrate deranged regulation of the brain-gut axis correlated to severity of Parkinson's disease. Results from this study of GI motility and brain-gut axis will define a subset of Parkinson's Disease patients that can benefit from tailored treatment. This study will foster collaboration between Movement Disorder experts and Neurogastroenterologists to provide critical information and lead to innovative therapies in the future to treat GI dysfunction of Parkinson's Disease.
INTRODUCTION: Chronic fatigue is the most common and debilitating symptom in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Recently, exercise has been proven to alleviate chronic fatigue and improve physical functions. Tailoring the training intervention to the potential fatigue causes could optimize the beneficial effects of training on fatigue. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an individualized (IND) versus a traditional (TRAD) exercise intervention in reducing chronic fatigue.
METHODS: Twenty-nine PwMS with high chronic fatigue were randomly assigned to 12 wk of either a TRAD or IND exercise intervention. TRAD comprised aerobic and resistance exercises according to the guidelines for PwMS. IND specifically addressed identified individual weaknesses. Participants visited the laboratory before and after training for the following assessments: patient-reported outcomes (fatigue, quality of life, depression questionnaires), incremental cycling test (peak oxygen uptake (V̇O 2peak )), and cycling fatigue test (maximal voluntary contraction, rating of perceived exertion).
RESULTS: Similar improvements in fatigue, depression, and quality of life were observed between groups ( P > 0.05). Compared with TRAD, IND induced a significant greater increase in V̇O 2peak (+21.0% ± 13.9% vs 6.8% ± 11.5%, P < 0.05) and a greater reduction in rating of perceived exertion at a given submaximal intensity (-30.3% ± 18.9% vs -12.1% ± 20.4%, P < 0.001), whereas maximal voluntary contraction increased similarly in both groups ( P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Although tailored exercise improved similarly fatigue and other subjective parameters (depression, quality of life, sleep quality) compared with than traditional exercise intervention, prescribing an individualized intervention led to greater improvement in V̇O 2peak (but not maximal strength) and perception of effort. This may have positive functional consequences for patients.
PURPOSE: Multi-layer wet tissue sheets and manufacturing apparatus and method thereof are provided to remove alien substances and moisture remaining on skin by using wet tissue one time, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost and environment pollution. CONSTITUTION: First and second fabrics(1,3) are supplied. The supplied first and second fabrics are independently embossed. The embossed first and second fabrics are processed into a laminated fabric by thermal binding, wherein a symmetrical structure forms an air layer(5) between the first and second fabrics to provide cushion to skin to be wiped. The compressed laminated fabric is wound. The wound fabric is supplied. The supplied fabric is coated with water or oil. Powder is applied to the water or oil-coated fabric. The powder-applied fabric is dried. The dried fabric is slit at regular gaps. The slit fabrics are wound.
One of the impediments to the treatment of some human brain tumors (e.g. gliomas) has been the degree to which they expand, migrate widely, and infiltrate normal tissue. We demonstrate that a clone of multipotent neural progenitor stem cells, when implanted into an experimental glioma, will migrate along with and distribute themselves throughout the tumor in juxtaposition to widely expanding and aggressively advancing tumor cells, while continuing to express a foreign reporter gene. Furthermore, drawn somewhat by the degenerative environment created just beyond the infiltrating tumor edge, the neural progenitor cells migrate slightly beyond and surround the invading tumor border. When implanted at a distant sight from the tumor bed (e.g., into normal tissue, into the contralateral hemisphere, into the lateral ventricles) the donor neural progenitor/stem cells will migrate through normal tissue and specifically target the tumor cells. These results suggest the adjunctive use of neural progenitor/stem cells as a novel, effective delivery vehicle for helping to target therapeutic genes and vectors to invasive brain tumors that have been refractory to treatment.
Participants will receive vadadustat 300 milligrams (mg) once on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Participants will receive sevelamer carbonate 1600 mg once on Days 3, 5, and 7.