anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Morbid obesity is associated with not only type 2 diabetes (T2D) of morbidly obese patients), but also cardiovascular complications, all of which remarkably improved and even resolved with bariatric surgery, of which the RYGB surgery has become the gold standard. Many studies have shown that within a few weeks post-RYGB there is dramatic improvement in IR and/or T2D independent of weight loss that ensues. These results led us to hypothesize that changes in intestinal microbiome (IM) composition and metagenome may be independently associated with improvement in metabolic parameters in humans undergoing RYGB.

Another aspect of RYGB that has not been studied is the potential changes in oral microbiome (OM) and salivary proteome (SP) and their relationship with weight loss and metabolic improvement. Understanding the OM and SP in morbidly obese patients before and after RYGB is important because shifts in the OM and SP may explain the susceptibility of these patients for oral infections like periodontal disease, which is more prevalent and severe in this population, particularly if T2D is present To our knowledge there are no longitudinal studies the relation between oral and intestinal microbiome before and after bariatric surgery. Furthermore, there are no studies looking at the effect of weight-reduction with the very low calorie diet (VLCD) Optifast regimen on IM, which the investigators plan to do. As IM may contribute to obesity and IR/T2D, the latter being the most dominant feature of the MetS. However, whether specific IM compositions are associated with improvement of obesity, IR/T2D and other features of the MetS is not clear; and the effects of RYGB on IM for treatment of these disorders in morbid obesity have not been well studied.

The investigators will conduct a prospective observational study of morbidly obese patients undergoing RYGB, in which the investigators will measure the intestinal microbiome before and after surgery along with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Baseline measurements will be done before the pre-operative run-in with the very low calorie Optifast regimen (800 kcal/d) given before the laparoscopic RYGB (1 week/100 lbs body weight) to reduce the liver size for surgical access. Preoperatively, Optifast likely leads to changes in IM (never assessed) in addition to weight loss and improvement in MetS parameters. Aim: To track the changes in IM structure and function (metagenome) of morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic RYGB through 3 stages - a) before vs. after pre-op Optifast weight reduction treatment 24; and post-op RYGB at b) 1 month; and at c) 6 months. The investigators will correlate the specific changes in IM through these stages, to improvement in IR and other features of the MetS. At the same time points the investigators will also measure the OM, salivary flow rate and SP, as well as oral inflammatory load.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of inhibiting aberrant splicing in a pre-mRNA molecule by using antisense oligonucleotides, to provide a method of upregulating gene expression, and to provide antisense oligonucleotide useful for performing the method.  <P>SOLUTION: A method of inhibiting aberrant splicing in a pre-mRNA molecule containing a mutation is disclosed. When a mutation is present in the pre-mRNA, the mutation causes the pre-mRNA to be spliced incorrectly and produce an aberrant mRNA or mRNA fragment different from the mRNA ordinarily encoded by the pre-mRNA. The method comprises hybridizing an antisense oligonucleotide to the pre-mRNA molecule to create a duplex chain molecule under conditions which permit splicing. The antisense oligonucleotide is one which does not activate ribonuclease H, and is selected to block a member of the aberrant set of splice elements created by the mutation so that the normal intron is removed by splicing and the first mRNA molecule encoding a native protein is produced. Oligonucleotides useful for carrying out the method are also disclosed.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Patients allocated to the placebo group will receive a capsule identical in appearance to the L. rhamnosus GG capsule, but containing microcrystalline cellulose. The placebo will also be suspended in tap water and similarly administered twice a day. When suspended in water, the placebo has identical appearance and consistency as the probiotic. The placebo will be prepared by the manufacturer of L. rhamnosus GG, Culturelle, and has been used successfully in a recent RCT in the ICU population \[Morrow 2010\]. This has also been used successfully in the PROSPECT Pilot Trial.
Great efforts are being made to develop advanced polygenic risk scores (PRS) to improve the prediction of complex traits and diseases. However, most existing PRS are primarily trained on European ancestry populations, limiting their transferability to non-European populations. In this article, we propose a novel method for generating multi-ancestry Polygenic Risk scOres based on enSemble of PEnalized Regression models (PROSPER). PROSPER integrates genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics from diverse populations to develop ancestry-specific PRS with improved predictive power for minority populations. The method uses a combination of  L 1   (lasso) and  L 2   (ridge) penalty functions, a parsimonious specification of the penalty parameters across populations, and an ensemble step to combine PRS generated across different penalty parameters. We evaluate the performance of PROSPER and other existing methods on large-scale simulated and real datasets, including those from 23andMe Inc., the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium, and All of Us. Results show that PROSPER can substantially improve multi-ancestry polygenic prediction compared to alternative methods across a wide variety of genetic architectures. In real data analyses, for example, PROSPER increased out-of-sample prediction R2 for continuous traits by an average of 70% compared to a state-of-the-art Bayesian method (PRS-CSx) in the African ancestry population. Further, PROSPER is computationally highly scalable for the analysis of large SNP contents and many diverse populations.
Colonoscopy in children and young adults is performed by gastroenterologists for a variety of indications, including but not limited to evaluation of rectal bleeding, chronic diarrhea, family history of polyposis syndromes and surveillance for colon cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A successful bowel preparation that enables clear visualization of the intestinal mucosa is essential to diagnose and treat the underlying pathology. Currently, gastroenterologists use a variety of colon cleansing preparations, but Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 3350 given for three to four days appears to be standard. Though it is well tolerated, safe and effective the duration of preparation may cause disruption to the routine and missed school days. To date, there is limited data that shows efficacy of a shorter duration of bowel preparation with PEG. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of a one-day preparation with that of a three-day preparation with PEG 3350 as preparation for colonoscopy in children and young adults.
The present invention relates to compound artemisinin tablet which can treat multiple drug-resistant pernicious malaria, tertian malaria and quartan malaria and the relationship children formulation such as granules, suspension syrup and powder. The compound consists of artemisinin, piperaquine and primaquine. Clinical tests in southeast Asia countries where malaria prevails demonstrate that the compound is high-effective and quick-effective. It can shorten the period of treatment and the side­effects are lowered. The material costs are lowered. The administration is convenience. It can kill off the gametocyte quickly and cut off reservoir in order to interdict the prevalence of malaria quickly
The experimental group will receive the exclusion diet and nutraceutical therapy (DNT) and daily subcutaneously administered recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) for the first 26 weeks. After 26 weeks this group will continue on the exclusion diet nutraceutical therapy for the remaining 26 weeks of the study.
The ProlonADTM diet, which will be taken by the patient once a month for 5 days, is a low-calorie and low-protein diet, and provides all the micronutrients necessary to avoid malnutrition. The diet will be performed in twelve consecutive months. The components of the diet will be approximately 30% calorie restricted and 50% protein restricted but supplemented with 50% of the RDA in vitamins and minerals and also supplemented with both nonessential and essential amino acids identified in animal studies to be effective. Prolon by L-Nutra is a medically-designed dietary kit providing the food to eat for five days. Day 1 of Prolon provides \~4600 kJ (11% protein, 46% fat, and 43%carbohydrate), whereas days 2-to-5 provide \~3000 kJ (9% protein, 44% fat, and 47% carbohydrate) per day.
The invention provides a nano material, a preparation method thereof and application of the nano material in preparing medicine treating tumors. The nano material is prepared with citrate being the raw material through an ultrasonic method, and the molar ratio of Cu and Zn in the citrate is 9:2. The particle size ranges from 2 nm to 4 nm. An acute toxicity experiment shows that Zn-doped CuO composite nano material is low in toxicity and good in safety, has good selectivity on tumor cells, and can remarkably enhance sensitivity of drug-resistant cell strains to chemotherapy medicine. Through MTT detection, the nano material can kill various tumor cells. A good tumor killing effect is achieved, and obvious systemic toxicity is not found. The nano material has the potential to become novel anti-tumor medicine.
MEDI7219 is being developed for the potential treatment of type 2 diabetes. The study is a first in human, single and multiple ascending dose study that will try to identify the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (how the drug moves through the body) of MEDI7219. The study will also look at the impact of changes to the formulation as well as differences related to the route of administration. The study will consist of 6 parts involving approximately 198 healthy male and female subjects (and up to 146 additional subjects). In Part A, 6 cohorts of 10 subjects each (with an optional 2 cohorts) will be randomized to receive MEDI7219 or one of two placebos. Each cohort will receive a different formulation of the study drug. In part B, a single cohort of 16 subjects (with an optional second cohort) will receive a different formulation of MEDI7219 per period in up to 5 periods. In Part C, up to 12 subjects will be dosed with MEDI7219. In Part D, one cohort of 30 subjects (with an optional second cohort) will be randomized to receive MEDI7219 or placebo. Subjects will start on a dose based on data from previous parts and will receive ascending doses for 35 days. In Part E, 2 cohorts of 6 subjects each (with an optional third \& fourth cohort of 12 subjects each) will receive a different formulation of MEDI7219 per period. Part E, cohort 5 12 subjects each period (2 periods) has been added to assess 2 different formulations In Part F, two cohorts of 16 subjects each will be randomized to receive MEDI7219 or placebo. Subjects will start on a dose based on data from previous parts and will receive ascending doses for 35 days.
Paarticipants will receive a single fraction of LEAD radiation on day 1, followed one day later by conventionally fractionated concurrent chemoradiation consisting of 60 Gy of radiation delivered to involved sites of disease and a platinum doublet.

The investigational radiation treatment, a single fraction of LEAD radiation, is to be followed by conventionally fractionated radiation delivered concurrently with a standard chemotherapy regimen for stage III non-small cell lung cancer. The following day, patients will begin concurrent chemotherapy and radiation. Chemotherapy will be delivered under the management of the treating medical oncologist. Chemotherapy must be a platinum doublet. Carboplatin and cisplatin are both considered acceptable platinum agents. The use of cisplatin over carboplatin is strongly encouraged, unless the patient has a contraindication to cisplatin. The second agent will be at the discretion of the treating medical oncologist; in the current era, chemotherapy agents are tailored to each patient based on tumor histology, as well as comorbidities that dictate the tolerance of certain chemotherapeutic agents. Chemotherapy will be delivered concurrently throughout radiation therapy, beginning on day 2 of the treatment protocol and on the same day as the start of standard-dose radiation. Weekly regimens or regimens delivered every 3 weeks are acceptable. Additional cycles of consolidation chemotherapy are encouraged and will be given at the discretion of the treating medical oncologist.
All blocks will be performed by the same anesthesiologist using ultrasound guidance. In the Quadratus Lumborum block group, patients will be placed in the lateral decubitus position. A convex ultrasound probe will be placed in sterile conditions along the midaxillary line, in the subcostal area above the iliac crest, to visualize the quadratus lumborum and psoas major muscles, as well as the L4 vertebral transverse process. Using an in-plane technique, a 22G, 100 mm peripheral block needle will be advanced anterior to the quadratus lumborum muscle and into the subfascial space between the quadratus lumborum and psoas major muscles. After confirming the correct location with hydrodissection, 25 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected slowly, observing the fascial displacement on ultrasound. The same procedure will be repeated on the contralateral side.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin nanoemulsion (CUR-NE) in mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto protoscoleces.
METHODS: Forty-two inbred BALB/c mice were divided into seven groups of six animals each. Six groups were inoculated intra-peritoneally with 1500 viable E. granulosus protoscoleces, followed for six months and used as infected groups. The infected groups were named as: CEI1 to CEI6 accordingly. The 7th group was not inoculated and was named cystic echinococcosis noninfected group (CENI7). CEI1 and CEI2 groups received 40 mg/kg/day and 20 mg/kg/day curcumin nanoemulsion (CUR-NE), respectively. CEI3 received nanoemulsion without curcumin (NE-no CUR), CEI4 received curcumin suspension (CUR-S) 40 mg/kg/day, CEI5 received albendazole 150 mg/kg/day and CEI6 received sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). CENI7 group received CUR-NE 40 mg/kg/day. Drugs administration was started after six months post-inoculations of protoscoleces and continued for 60 days in all groups. The secondary CE cyst area was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scan for each mouse before treatment and on the days 30 and 60 post-treatment. The CT scan measurement results were compared before and after treatment. After the euthanasia of the mice on the 60th day, the cyst area was also measured after autopsy and, the histopathological changes of the secondary cysts for each group were observed. The therapeutic efficacy of CUR-NE in infected groups was evaluated by two methods: CT scan and autopsied cyst measurements.
RESULTS: Septal calcification in three groups of infected mice (CEI1, CEI2, and CEI4) was revealed by CT scan. The therapeutic efficacy of CUR-NE 40 mg/kg/day (CEI1 group) was 24.6 ± 26.89% by CT scan measurement and 55.16 ± 32.37% by autopsied cysts measurements. The extensive destructive effects of CUR-NE 40 mg/kg/day (CEI1 group) on the wall layers of secondary CE cysts were confirmed by histopathology.
CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrated a significant therapeutic effect of CUR-NE (40 mg/kg/day) on secondary CE cysts in BALB/c mice. An apparent septal calcification of several cysts revealed by CT scan and the destructive effect on CE cysts observed in histopathology are two critical key factors that suggest curcumin nanoemulsion could be a potential treatment for cystic echinococcosis.
FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine, namely to endocrinology, and can be used to assess the variability of glycemia to determine effectiveness of the hypoglycemic therapy in patients with MODY2 diabetes. Continuous monitoring of glucose in the patient is carried out, followed by calculation of glycemic variability indicators using a computer program, their comparison with indicators corresponding to normoglycemia, and analysis of the effectiveness of the therapy. Continuous monitoring of glucose in the patient is carried out for 24 hours. The following indicators are calculated and evaluated: standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), normative reference range (M-value), mean amplitude of glycemic fluctuations (MAGE), index of prolonged glycemic increase (CONGA), rate of change in glucose levels (MAG), hyperglycemia risk index (HBGI), hypoglycemia risk index (LBGI), average hypo / hyperglycemia risk index (ADRR). The processing of the obtained glycemic indicators can be carried out using the computer program "GLINVA". The calculated values ​​of the indicators after computer processing are compared with the indicators corresponding to normoglycemia. When values ​​of at least three analyzed indicators are increased, in comparison with the reference values, a conclusion is made about the ineffectiveness of the therapy being carried out and the need for its correction.EFFECT: method makes it possible to reduce the duration and increase efficiency of assessing the variability of glycemia to determine teffectiveness of the therapy in patients with MODY2 diabetes due to continuous monitoring of glucose in the patient, followed by the calculation of the optimal indicators of the variability of glycemia.1 cl, 6 dwg, 2 tbl, 3 ex
The best available treatment for social anxiety disorder is exposure therapy; however, 25% of socially anxious patients do not respond to an adequate course of exposure therapy and it is unclear why. Prior attempts to identify non-responders using clinical and demographic features have been largely unsuccessful, highlighting the need to examine constructs that are more closely tied to the mechanism of treatment (i.e., extinction learning and recall) and the organ of dysfunction (i.e., the brain). The neurobiology of extinction learning and recall is well understood from decades of animal and pre-clinical laboratory work, which has highlighted the importance of the amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). However, this knowledge has not been leveraged to improve exposure therapy response, despite the assumption that response relies on extinction learning and its successful recall.

Thus, a critical long-term goal is to improve exposure therapy response by tailoring therapy based on the neurobiological profile of each patient. This project addresses that goal by directly linking neurobiological profiles of extinction learning and recall with clinical symptoms and therapy response. A major objective of this project is therefore to build a mechanistic predictive model of exposure therapy response based on the neurobiology of extinction learning and recall.

To accomplish this goal, the investigators will recruit 80 adults with social anxiety disorder who will be randomized to 10 sessions of exposure-focused therapy or waitlist. The primary clinical outcome measure will be the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), a validated and widely used measure that assesses anxiety and avoidance symptoms. Pre-therapy, participants will also undergo an experimental protocol for extinction learning and recall. Participants will first view a neutral abstract image repeatedly paired with a loud aversive noise, and another image that is never paired (fear acquisition phase). Following this, participants will view the same images without aversive consequences (extinction learning phase). Better extinction learning will be defined as greater reductions in skin conductance within the extinction learning phase. Brain activation during extinction learning will be assessed in the amygdala, dACC, and vmPFC. Finally, participants will view the same images without aversive consequences one week later (extinction recall phase). Better extinction recall will be defined as less skin conductance during extinction recall relative to fear acquisition. The central hypothesis is that greater activation in the vmPFC during extinction learning will predict both extinction recall and therapy response over and above symptom severity.
Inflammation plays a crucial role in tissue injury, repair and disease, orchestrating a complex interplay of immune responses and cellular processes. Recent studies have uncovered the intricate connection between inflammation and stem cell dynamics, shedding light on the central role of stem cells in tissue regeneration. This Review highlights the significance of inflammation in shaping epithelial stem cell dynamics and its implications for tissue repair, regeneration and aging. We explore the multifaceted interactions between inflammation and stem cells, focusing on how inflammatory signals affect stem cell behavior and fate as well as the remodeling of their niche in the respiratory tract. We also discuss the concept of 'inflammatory memory' in epithelial stem cells, where prior inflammatory stimuli endow these cells with enhanced regenerative potential and confer long-lasting protective mechanisms for maintaining tissue integrity and function. Furthermore, we review the impact of cell senescence induced by inflammation on tissue regeneration and aging, delving into the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications and cellular crosstalk. Understanding these dynamic processes not only deepens our knowledge of tissue homeostasis and repair but also holds profound implications for regenerative medicine strategies aimed at preventing pulmonary diseases.