anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Clinical studies have not been conducted with hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide in geriatric populations.

Use caution when considering the use of hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide in patients 65 years of age or older. Elderly patients may have increased sensitivity to hydrocodone; greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function; or concomitant disease or other drug therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].

Respiratory depression is the chief risk for elderly patients treated with opioids, including hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide. Respiratory depression has occurred after large initial doses of opioids were administered to patients who were not opioid-tolerant or when opioids were co-administered with other agents that depress respiration [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4, 5.8)].

Hydrocodone is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, monitor these patients closely for respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension.
Ramipril is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. It may be used alone or in combination with thiazide diuretics.

In using ramipril, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen-vascular disease. Available data are insufficient to show that ramipril does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.)

In considering use of ramipril, it should be noted that in controlled trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, ACE inhibitors (for which adequate data are available) cause a higher rate of angioedema in black than in non-black patients. (see WARNINGS, Angioedema.)
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol within the arterial wall. Its progression can be monitored via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Particles of Iron Oxide (USPIO) (<5 nm) have been employed as T1 contrast agents for MRI applications. In this study, we synthesized USPIO with an average surface carboxylation of approximately 5.28 nm and a zeta potential of -47.8 mV. These particles were phagocytosed by mouse aortic endothelial cells (USPIO-MAECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (USPIO-EPCs), suggesting that they can be utilized as potential contrast agent and delivery vehicle for the early detection of atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism by which this contrast agent is delivered to the plaque remains undetermined. Our results demonstrated that with increasing USPIO concentration during 10-100 μg ml-1, consistent change appeared in signal enhancement on T1-weighted MRI. Similarly, T1-weighted MRI of MAECs and EPCs treated with these concentrations exhibited a regular change in signal enhancement. Prussian blue staining of USPIO revealed substantial absorption into MAECs and EPCs after treatment with 50 μg ml-1USPIO for 24 h. The iron content in USPIO-EPCs was much higher (5 pg Fe/cell) than in USPIO-MAECs (0.8 pg Fe/cell). In order to substantiate our hypothesis that CD40 protein on the cell surface facilitates migration towards inflammatory cells, we utilized AuNPs-PEI (gold nanoparticles-polyethylenimine) carrying siRNACD40to knockout CD40 expression in MAECs. It has been documented that gold nanoparticle-oligonucleotide complexes could be employed as intracellular gene regulation agents for the control of protein level in cells. Our results confirmed that macrophages are more likely to bind to MAECs treated with AuNPs-PEI-siRNANC(control) for 72 h than to MAECs treated with AuNPs-PEI-siRNACD40(reduced CD40 expression), thus confirming CD40 targeting at the cellular level. When USPIO-MAECs and MAECs (control) were delivered to mice (high-fat-fed) via tail vein injection respectively, we observed a higher iron accumulation in plaques on blood vessels in high-fat-fed mice treated with USPIO-MAECs. We also demonstrated that USPIO-EPCs, when delivered to high-fat-fed mice via tail vein injection, could indeed label plaques by generating higher T1-weighted MRI signals 72 h post injection compared to controls (PBS, USPIO and EPCs alone). In conclusion, we synthesized a USPIO suitable for T1-weighted MRI. Our results have confirmed separately at the cellular and tissue andin vivolevel, that USPIO-MAECs or USPIO-EPCs are more accessible to atherosclerotic plaques in a mouse model. Furthermore, the high expression of CD40 on the cell surface is a key factor for targeting and USPIO-EPCs may have potential therapeutic effects.
Phase II: The average pathological complete response rate reported in other trials is around 11%. The investigators expect to achieve an increase of 14% on this rate; that is, they expect a pathological response rate of 25%. With a= 0.05 and β=0.2, 18 patients are initially needed. If at least 3 pathological complete responses are achieved, recruitment will continue to up to 53 patients. At least 10 pathological complete responses are needed to probe the hypothesis. Considering a 10% post-randomization drop-out rate, a total of 59 patients must be recruited for the trial.
Croton antisyphiliticus Mart. is a plant popularly used in folk medicine by traditional communities from Brazilian savannah to treat general inflammation. According to ethnopharmacological data, this specie can be considered a source of biologically active molecules for the development of new drugs. Thereby, this study reports the results of the dereplication approach of C. antisyphiliticus roots extracts and the in vivo evaluation of its potential antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory in albino Swiss mice. Based on HPLC coupled to Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer and using GNPS, a total of thirteen polyphenolic compounds were noticed, including four compounds that have been reported for the first time in the genus Croton. Ethanolic and aqueous roots extracts demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition for the number of writes, reduced pain induced by formalin and hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan. These extracts also reduced paw edema, cell migration, and myeloperoxidase activity, with effects similar to indomethacin and dexamethasone drugs.
A liposome comprises at least one phospholipid and 7-(4-methylpiperazinomethylene)-10,11-ethylenedioxy-20(S)-camptothecin. The liposome may further comprise cholesterol. The liposome can encapsulate camptothecin wherein the liposome is comprised of hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and cholesterol. The HSPC:cholesterol are in a molar ratio of about 2:1 and the lipid:camptothecin molar ratio is from 10:1 to 40:1. The liposome is unilamellar with an average size of less than 100nm The liposome can be produced by forming a lipid film or powder comprised of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, hydrating the lipid film or powder with an aqueous buffer containing a counterion solution. Applying a shearing force to obtain liposomes that are unilamellar and less than 100nm. Then 7-(4-methylpiperazinomethylene)-10,11-ethylenedioxy-20(S)-camptothecin is added to the aqueous medium. A gradient is generated between the aqueous medium inside the liposome and the aqueous medium external to the liposome whereby the gradient causes the 7-(4-methylpiperazinomethylene)-10,11-ethylenedioxy-20(S)-camptothecin to load into the liposome. The gradient may be a pH gradient. Further a membrane permeable amine may be added to the aqueous medium external to the liposome whereby the pH of the aqueous inside the liposome is decreased. The liposomes may be used in a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting the growth of a tumor.
1,198,379. Dentifrices. INDIANA UNIVERCITY FOUNDATION. 10 Dec., 1968, No. 58746/68. Heading A5B. [Also in Division Cl] In Zr F, may be added to dentifrice compositions to yield anticariogenic properties. Preferably ionically compatible adjunctives are used; zirconium silicate, calcium pyrophosphate, insoluble metaphosphates, alumina and resinous materials have been used as abrasives, being between 0.5-95% by weight of the total composition. The conventional binder substances, thickening agents, sudsing agents, humectants, flavoring and sweetening agents may also be added. The toxicity of In Zr F 7  in mice is shown to be less than 3 times the toxicity of NaF, In Zr F 7  is more soluble and its solutions more stable than prior art anticariogenic agents
Patients receive oral saracatinib once daily on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Many active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) are available in tablet form. Particles of the API should have a favorable compaction profile in order to be compressed into tablets, especially when the API is present in a large weight percentage in the tablet. Disclosed herein are particles of diroximel fumarate having improved characteristic for tablet formation, and methods of producing the same.Many active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) are available in tablet form. Particles of the API should have a favorable compaction profile in order to be compressed into tablets, especially when the API is present in a large weight percentage in the tablet. Disclosed herein are particles of diroximel fumarate having improved characteristic for tablet formation, and methods of producing the same. Techniques applicable to a ray tracing hardware accelerator for traversing a hierarchical acceleration structure with reduced round-trip communications with a processor are disclosed. The reduction of round-trip communications with a processor during traversal is achieved by having a visibility mask that defines visibility states for regions within a geometric primitive available to be accessed in the ray tracing hardware accelerator when a ray intersection is detected for the geometric primitive.
While the precise triggers of gallstone formation remain incompletely understood, it is believed to arise from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. The bile microbiome is being increasingly recognized as a possible contributor to the onset of gallstone disease. The primary objective of this study was to investigate distinctions in the microbial communities within bile specimens from patients with choledocholithiasis (common bile duct stones) and cholecystolithiasis (gallbladder stones). We employed massively parallel sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to examine the microbial communities within bile samples obtained from 28 patients with choledocholithiasis (group DS) and cholecystolithiasis (group GS). The taxonomic composition of the bile microbial communities displayed significant disparities between the group DS and the group GS. Within the 16 prevalent genera, only Streptococcus, Ralstonia, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus were predominantly found in the group GS. In contrast, the group DS displayed a more diverse range of genera. The alpha diversity of bile specimens was also notably lower in the group GS compared to the group DS (p = 0.041). Principal coordinate analysis unveiled distinct clustering of bile microbial communities depending on the location of the gallstone. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis, with a score threshold of >3 and the Kruskall-Wallis test (α < 0.05), recognized Bacilli and Lactobacillales as potential taxonomic markers for distinguishing patients with cholecystolithiasis limited to the gallbladder. Significant variations were found in the distribution and diversity of bile microbial communities between patients with choledocholithiasis and cholecystolithiasis. This observation suggests that alterations in the bile microbiome may contribute to the development of gallstones in these patients.
PURPOSE:To obtain a conjugate useful as a reagent for enzyme immunoassay, by adding a reducing agent to a component (C1q) of complement, cleaving S-S bonds present in a site having no bonding activity for immunoglobulin and linking a substance to exposed SH groups. CONSTITUTION:A reducing agent, e.g. mercaptoethylamine, is added to a component (C1q) of complement to cleave S-S bonds present in a site having no bonding activity for immunoglobulin, and a substance, e.g. an enzyme, such as peroxidase or alkali phosphatase, coenzyme, e.g. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or cell function adjusting substance such as amphotericin B or actinomycin D, is linked through exposed SH groups thereto to afford the aimed conjugate having the substance linked to the site other than a site having bonding activity for immunoglobulin. The conjugate can be used as a determining and detecting reagent for antigen and antibody and remedial drug as a specific conjugate.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) for treatment of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTGP) remains controversial in the literature. This study compared the clinical outcomes of TPE versus conventional therapy in patients with HTGP.
METHODS: Fifty-five patients with HTGP were included. Patients were retrospectively compared in pairs: those who received TPE treatment and those who did not, those whose triglyceride level fell below 500 mg/dL within 48 h, and those who did not, those with and without persistent organ failure. The primary outcome was the percentage of triglyceride reduction within 48 h. Secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stay, mortality, cost-effectiveness, and persistent organ failure.
RESULTS: Percentage decrease in triglyceride levels, medical hospitalization costs, and length of hospital stay were higher in the TPE group compared to the non-TPE group (p < 0.05, for each). However, there was no difference regarding persistent organ failure and mortality (p > 0.05, for each). The length of hospital stay, average cost, persistent organ failure, and mortality were similar in both groups whose triglyceride level fell below 500 mg/dL within 48 h and those who did not (p > 0.05, for each). Among patients with persistent organ failure, average cost was higher in the TPE group compared to the non-TPE group (p < 0.05). An independent relation was found between the average cost and persistent organ failure, TPE, length of hospital stay, albumin, and urea values in all patients (p < 0.05, for each).
CONCLUSIONS: The approach of using TPE for treatment of HTGP was not found to be superior to the conventional treatment. Randomized controlled studies with larger number of patients are needed to gain better understanding of this issue.
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is a clonal stem cell disorder that increases markedly with age and has a high propensity to progress to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). SF3B1 mutant low-risk MDS represents a distinct entity, mainly characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis and strongly associated with a ring sideroblast phenotype. More particularly, mutations in SF3B1 modify the recognition pattern of the branching point and the 3' splice site and lead to subsequent mis-splicing of its targets. Recently, the inventors have identified a mis-splicing in the 5'UTR of the coenzyme A synthase (COASY) as a major contributor to ineffective erythropoiesis in MDS-RS patients and revealed that the loss of COASY in healthy human primary cells impedes erythroid colony formation, delays erythroid differentiation and prevents heme accumulation. The inventors then identified morpholinos that could restore COASY normal splicing in K562 SF3B1K700E cells. The SSO of the present invention thus would thus be suitable for restoring erythropoiesis in MDS SF3B1 mut  patients.
PURPOSE: Total mesorectal excision (TME) is accepted as gold standard method in rectal cancer globally. But there is no standard for lateral lymph nodes. Combination of neoadjuvant treatment plus lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) in select patients might be a promising method. Our purpose is to describe the anatomic landmarks of LLND on cadavers and minimally invasive surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Local advanced rectal cancer and lateral lymph node (LLN) metastasis are accepted as an indication of neoadjuvant treatment. LLND was performed according to preoperative imaging after radiochemotherapy.
RESULTS: Twenty-eight (10.5%) of 267 patients with rectal cancer who had suspected lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) underwent LLND in addition to TME after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Eight of them had LLNM. Three patients had bilateral LLND and only 1 had LLNM. The median number of harvested lymph nodes was 6. The rates of LLNM increased with the presence of poor prognosis markers. One regional and 1 distant recurrence were detected in patients who had no LLN metastasis compared with2 regional and 4 distant recurrences in the LLN-positive group.
CONCLUSIONS: Local advanced rectal cancer cases may benefit from LLND, but it does not appear to have an effect on overall survival. There is no consensus whether size and/or morphologic criteria in MRI are the ideal guide for LLND.
PURPOSE:Cosmetic having a transparent feeling of extender pigment, fluidity, smooth spread on the skin, improved adhesion, suppressing excess luster, containing one or more extender pigment whose surface is coated with an acrylic resin. CONSTITUTION:Extender pigment such a talc, kaolin, mica, sericite, etc. having 1-50mu average particle diameter is dispersed into water containing surface active agent, an acrylic resin of acrylic monomer having 10,000-200,000 average molecular weight and an initiator such as potassium persulfate, etc. are added to the dispersion, polymerization is carried out under heating with stirring, filtration and water washing are repeated, to give powdery extender pigment coated with the acrylic resin film. A composition ratio of the pigment and the acrylic resin by weight is 95:5-50:50. When CN or Cl is contained in the molecule of the acrylic resin, it is not suitable in terms of safety. The cosmetic is useful as a makeup cosmetic such as especially foundation, face powder, lipstick, eye shadow, etc.
BACKGROUND: Disparities in short-term ischemic stroke (IS) prognosis among Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) subtypes were observed. Notably, little is known about the long-term prognosis of different subtypes in China. We aim to investigate the long-term outcome in IS patients and try to explore the potential interactive effects between IS subtypes and antithrombotic therapy.
METHODS: This is a prospective cohort of stroke survivors. Patients diagnosed with first-ever IS at the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2010 to December 2019 were recruited. They were followed until September 2022 to assess recurrence, mortality, and functional recovery. The multivariate Fine-Gray model assessed stroke recurrence, while Cox regression estimated hazard ratios. Modified Rankin Scale scores(mRS) were analyzed using the generalized linear mixed effects model.
RESULTS: At baseline, 589 of 950 participants (62.00 %) were male. The longest follow-up was 150 months, the shortest was 1.5 months, and the median follow-up was 81.0 months. Cardio-embolism (CE) bore the highest mortality risk compared to large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) (HR=4.43,95 %CI 1.61-12.23). Among survivors on anticoagulant therapy, CE exhibited a reduced risk of mortality (HR = 0.18, 95 % CI 0.04-0.80). In function recovery, small artery occlusion (SAO) demonstrated more favorable prognostic outcomes (β=-2.08, P<0.01, OR=0.13,95 %CI 0.03-0.47). Among survivors taking antiplatelet drugs, SAO demonstrated a slower pace of functional recovery compared to LAA (β=1.39, P=0.05, OR=3.99,95 %CI 1.01-15.74).
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term outcomes post-first IS vary among TOAST subtypes. Anticoagulant therapy offers long-term benefits among patients of the CE. However, prolonged administration of antiplatelet drugs among SAO patients may be limited in improving function recovery. Physicians should carefully consider treatment options for different IS subtypes to optimize patient outcomes and stroke care effectiveness.
BACKGROUND: The energy supply of certain cancer cells depends on aerobic glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation. Our previous studies have shown that withaferin A (WA), a lactone compound derived from Withania somnifera, suppresses skin carcinogenesis at least partially by stabilizing IDH1 and promoting oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we have extended our studies to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of WA in liver cancer.
METHODS: Differential expression of glycolysis-related genes between liver cancer tissues and normal tissues and prognosis were verified using an online database. Glycolysis-related protein expression was detected using western blot after overexpression and knockdown of IDH1 and mitochondrial membrane potential assay based on JC-1, and mitochondrial complex I activity was also detected. The inhibitory effect of WA on the biological functions of HepG2 cells was detected along with cell viability using MTT assay, scratch assay, clone formation assay, glucose consumption and lactate production assay. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of proteins and genes related to IDH1, p53 and HIF1α signaling pathways.
RESULTS: We first identified that IDH1 expression was downregulated in human liver cancer cells compared to normal liver cells. Next, we found that treatment of HepG2 cells with WA resulted in significantly increased protein levels of IDH1, accompanied by decreased levels of several glycolytic enzymes. Furthermore, we found that WA stabilized IDH1 proteins by inhibiting the degradation by the proteasome. The tumor suppressor p53 was also upregulated by WA treatment, which played a critical role in the upregulation of IDH1 and downregulation of the glycolysis-related genes. Under hypoxic conditions, glycolysis-related genes were induced, which was suppressed by WA treatment, and IDH1 expression was still maintained at higher levels under hypoxia.
CONCLUSION: Taken together, our results indicated that WA suppresses liver cancer tumorigenesis by p53-mediated IDH1 upregulation, which promotes mitochondrial respiration, thereby inhibiting the HIF-1α pathway and blocking aerobic glycolysis.