anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The invention relates to a postoperative external smear used after gynecologic surgeries and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine. The postoperative external smear used after gynecologic surgeries is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of raw rhubarb and 80-100 parts of mirabilite. The raw materials are weighed in proportion, grinded into powder and sewed into sterile gauze bags. When externally applied to postoperative incision, rheum officinale and mirabilite medicine bags can treat pain, bleeding, exudation, infection, induration and intestinal adhesion and other postoperative complications, with the effective rate being one hundred percent. Mirabilite softens hard mass and moistens dryness, rheum officinale removes stagnation, if the body aches, the meridian vessels are not smooth, and if the meridian vessels are smooth, the body will not ach. The synthetic effects of rheum officinale and mirabilite include increasing purgation, preventing inflammation, prohibiting bacteria, relieving swelling and pain, preventing wound infection and intestinal adhesion, etc. The postoperative external smear used after gynecologic surgeries can reduce pain of patients and reduce hospital stays and medical expense, and has considerable economic benefit.
Itch is a somatosensory sensation to remove potential harmful stimulation with a scratching desire, which could be divided into mechanical and chemical itch according to diverse stimuli, such as wool fiber and insect biting. It has been reported that neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons, a population of spinal inhibitory interneurons, could gate the transmission of mechanical itch, with no effect on chemical itch. In our study, we verified that chemogenetic activation of NPY neurons could inhibit the mechanical itch as well as the chemical itch, which also attenuated the alloknesis phenomenon in the chronic dry skin model. Afterwards, intrathecal administration of NPY1R agonist, [Leu31, Pro34]-NPY (LP-NPY), showed the similar inhibition effect on mechanical itch, chemical itch and alloknesis as chemo-activation of NPY neurons. Whereas, intrathecal administration of NPY1R antagonist BIBO 3304 enhanced mechanical itch and reversed the alloknesis phenomenon inhibited by LP-NPY treatment. Moreover, selectively knocking down NPY1R by intrathecal injection of Npy1r siRNA enhanced mechanical and chemical itch behavior as well. These results indicate that NPY neurons in spinal cord regulate mechanical and chemical itch, and alloknesis in dry skin model through NPY1 receptors.
Diagnosis of T2DM was made according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association. These subjects had no history of ischemic heart disease (acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, chronic stable angina, previous percutaneous or surgical coronary revascularization, heart failure) and received CCTA in the outpatient clinics due to suspected CAD or other causes. And the luminal diameter narrowing was estimated by CCTA at ≤30%.
Contingency management as a treatment for substance use disorders involves the use of tangible rewards for confirmed abstinence. There is preliminary evidence that contingency management shows promise as a smoking cessation intervention. An innovative low-cost form of contingency management has been developed in which participants receive the chance to draw vouchers from a fish bowl depending on whether or not their abstinence from tobacco is confirmed by expired-air carbon monoxide. The vouchers can be redeemed for prizes of varying value. This form of contingency management has been shown to be effective in the treatment of a variety of substance use disorders, but has not been investigated in a clinical trial focusing on smoking cessation. Thus, the primary purpose of the proposed study was to investigate the effects of a low-cost prize-based form of contingency management in the treatment of nicotine dependence. To accomplish this objective, we enrolled 103 current smokers into the study. The participants in Study Arm 1 received the contingency management intervention for 8 weeks, and the participants in Study Arm 2 had their smoking status assessed but did not receive the contingency management intervention. Both interventions received brief counseling and nicotine replacement therapy. The counseling was conducted in two 60-minute individual sessions scheduled one week apart with two follow-up phone calls at weeks 3, 4, and 6.

The primary outcome for this study was biochemically-validated smoking status at 3 months (end of treatment), and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Both continuous and point-prevalent abstinence rates were determined. Saliva cotinine levels were measured in all participants reporting abstinence at each assessment. This study had 80% power to detect a 10% absolute difference in smoking cessation rates between the two treatment conditions (i.e., a 28% quit rate in Study Arm 1 versus a 18% quit rate in Study Arm 2) with alpha set at 0.05. These estimates included an anticipated 15% loss to follow-up over the 12-month study period.
The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia for Firefighters (CBT-I-F) is a 6-week training course that focuses on mitigating poor sleep quality and promoting the adoption of behaviors conducive to quality sleep. This course includes modules on developing habits conducive to better sleep, adapting variable bedroom environments, and establishing techniques to reduce worry and frustration around falling asleep while recognizing and working through barriers unique to the career of firefighting.
BACKGROUND: The present study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD).
METHODS: A total of 3362 TMD patients were included. Each participant had complete medical records according to the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD). The clinical characteristics including symptoms and signs in relation to age and gender were analyzed.
RESULTS: The mean age of the patients seeking care was 29.89 ± 13.73Y, and 68.6% of patients were aged 16-35 years. The female-to-male ratio of patients was 2.2: 1, and the average age of males was significantly lower than that of females. The prevalence of clicking symptoms decreased with age, while the prevalence of pain symptoms and limitations in jaw movement increased with age. Females were more likely to have limitations in jaw movement than males. Among the patients with pain, the average visual analogue scale (VAS) was 2.96 ± 1.23. The average VAS score of acute TMD patients (≤ 3 months) was significantly higher than that of chronic TMD patients (> 3 months).
CONCLUSIONS: The majority of TMD patients seeking care were young people. The number and average age of female patients was higher than the males. Female patients were more likely to have limitations in jaw movement than males.
We present a case involving a 67-year-old patient with a medical history of gastric bypass who was recently diagnosed with a 6-centimeter duodenal mass causing biliary duct stenosis. Despite our best efforts, we were unable to access this tumor endoscopically, necessitating surgical intervention. During the surgical exploration, we discovered a duodenal diverticulum filled with stones, leading to the obstruction of the biliary ductâ?"a manifestation of Lemmel syndrome. This rare condition is characterized by obstructive jaundice in the absence of choledocholithiasis or tumors and is secondary to dilatation of peri-ampullary diverticula. While it is typically managed through endoscopy, our diagnostic and therapeutic approach was complicated by the patient's history of bariatric surgery (gastric bypass), making endoscopic access impossible despite our multiple attempts. This case report sheds light on the challenges posed by the concurrence of a rare pathology and surgically modified anatomy, which is increasingly encountered in daily surgical practice. In such situations, exploratory surgery continues to play a significant role.
The intranasal oxytocin intervention will be the administration of OT intranasally at a dose of three 4 IU puffs per nostril for a total dose of 24 IU. Each puff is 0.1ml in volume so the total volume administered will be 0.6 ml intranasally. This dose has been used in a number of other similarly designed challenge studies examining the effects of a single dose of OT (Kirsch et al. 2005; Kosfeld et al. 2005; Guastella et al. 2008a; Guastella et al. 2008b; Rimmele et al. 2009; Andari et al. 2010).
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a decolorant composition capable of providing the hair excellent in wiriness and smoothness of the hair after decolorant treatment. SOLUTION: This decolorant composition contains (1) an oxidizer and (2) 0.001-10 wt.% glycolic acid and/or salt thereof (expressed in terms of the glycolic acid). The oxidizer component is not especially restricted, and any of the oxidizers such as a peroxide can be used. Hydrogen peroxide, a persulfuric acid salt, a perboric acid salt, a perbromic acid salt, a periodic acid salt, urea peroxide, etc., are cited as the peroxide. The formulating amount of the oxidizer is 0.1-6 wt.%. Thus use of the glycolic acid and/or the salt thereof is important in the decolorant composition. The salts of ammonia, sodium, potassium, triethanolamine(TEA), etc., are cited as the salt.
This study was designed to verify the anti-obesity effect of dietary turmeric powder (TP) as a traditional cooking spice and its underlying mechanism. The HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice were supplemented with or without TP (8%) for 12 weeks. The results indicated that the glucolipid metabolism disorder of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice was significantly ameliorated through the supplementation of TP. The consumption of TP also induced beige-fat development and brown adipose tissue (BAT)-derived nonshivering thermogenesis in HFD-fed obese mice. 16S rDNA-based microbiota or targeted metabolomics analysis indicated that TP ameliorated the intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and microbial metabolism abnormality caused by HFD, reflected by dramatically increasing the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, and Bifidobacterium and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and succinate. Interestingly, TP-induced BAT thermogenesis and iWAT browning were highly correlated with the reconstruction of the gut microbiome and formation of SCFAs and succinate. Collectively, these findings manifest beneficial actions of TP on the promotion of adipose browning and thermogenesis in association with gut microbiota reconstruction, and our findings may provide a promising way for preventing obesity.
BACKGROUND: With age, lungs undergo typical changes that lead to a deterioration of respiratory function. Our aim was to assess the role of age-associated hyperphosphatemia in these changes.
METHODS: We used C57BL6 mice to study an ageing model in vivo and human lung fibroblasts were treated with a phosphate donor, beta-glycerophosphate (BGP), to explore mechanisms involved. Respiratory function was registered with a double chamber plethysmograph. Lung structure was analysed by different staining, phosphate and cytokines levels by colorimeric kits, expression of fibrosis, inflammation and ET-1 system by western blot or RT-PCR.
RESULTS: Old mice showed hyperphosphatemia, along with lung fibrosis, loss of elastin, increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and impaired respiratory function. BGP induced inflammation and fibrosis in fibroblasts through the activation and binding of NFkB to the MCP-1 or FN promoters. BGP increased ECE-1 expression by inducing NFkB binding to the ECE-1 promoter. QNZ, an NFkB inhibitor, blocked these effects. When ECE-1 was inhibited with phosphoramidon, BGP-induced inflammation and fibrosis were significantly reduced, suggesting a role for ET-1 in BGP-mediated effects.ET-1 produced effects similar to those of BGP, which were also dependent on NFkB. To study the pathophysiological relevance of hyperphosphatemia in vivo, a low-P diet was administered to a group of old animals, showing an improvement in fibrosis, inflammation and respiratory function compared to old mice on a standard diet.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that age-related hyperphosphatemia induces inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired respiratory function in old mice; these effects appear to be mediated by ET-1 and NFkB activation.
No data are available on overdose of DESCOVY in patients. If overdose occurs, monitor the individual for evidence of toxicity. Treatment of overdose with DESCOVY consists of general supportive measures including monitoring of vital signs as well as observation of the clinical status of the individual.

Emtricitabine (FTC): Limited clinical experience is available at doses higher than the recommended dose of FTC in DESCOVY. In one clinical pharmacology study, single doses of FTC 1200 mg (6 times the FTC dose in DESCOVY) were administered to 11 subjects. No severe adverse reactions were reported. The effects of higher doses are not known.

Hemodialysis treatment removes approximately 30% of the FTC dose over a 3-hour dialysis period starting within 1.5 hours of FTC dosing (blood flow rate of 400 mL per minute and a dialysate flow rate of 600 mL per minute). It is not known whether FTC can be removed by peritoneal dialysis.

Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF): Limited clinical experience is available at doses higher than the recommended dose of TAF. A single dose of 125 mg TAF (5 times the TAF dose in 200/25 mg DESCOVY) was administered to 48 healthy subjects; no serious adverse reactions were reported. The effects of higher doses are unknown. Tenofovir is efficiently removed by hemodialysis with an extraction coefficient of approximately 54%.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To inhibit cognitive deterioration in adults with Down syndrome.  <P>SOLUTION: The present invention generally pertains to the field of psychiatry. In particular, this invention pertains to the discovery that agents inhibiting the binding of cortisol to its receptors can be used in methods for preventing or reversing cognitive deterioration in adults with Down syndrome. Mifepristone, a potent specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, can be used in these methods. The present invention also provides a kit for preventing or reversing cognitive deterioration in a DS patient including a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist and instructional material teaching the adaptation syndrome, dosage and schedule of administration of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
Microorganisms are useful in management of diseases including diarrhea and gastrointestinal diseases like pseudomembranous colitis, megacolon etc. They are also useful in prevention of gastrointestinal disturbances and diseases caused by anti-infective agents like imperilling, amoxycillin, cloxacillin, clauvanic acid, cefuroxime, axetel, cephalixin, erythromycin etc. For prevention microorganisms are to be taken along with anti-infective agents. When microorganisms are combined with anti-infective agents for ease of administration and improving compliance and therapeutic effect, the combination is not found to be stable at room temperature as microorganisms are sensitive to anti-infective agents and are destroyed by effect of anti-infective agent in composition. The present invention relates to the process of preparing a stable fixed dose composition of anti-infective agent with microorganism as active ingredient. The process includes preparation of various dosage forms for oral route like capsule, tablet and liquid formulation. The process comprises of providing an appropriate barrier by way of selected coating procedure to one of the active ingredients in such a way that microorganisms are not affected by anti-infective agents. This results in a stable composition. By using an appropriate coating technique composition is made to remain stable over a period of 3-36 months at ambient/room temperature. The ratio of microorganism to anti-infective agents in a composition can be 1:2 to 1:25 by weight. The ratio of 1:5 by weight is found to be optimal for the purpose. The amount of coating is dependent on the type of coating technique, dosage form i.e. capsule, tablet or liquid and desired shelf life. The microorganisms of the composition were found to be active after variable time period. They also provided therapeutic effect and eliminated gastrointestinal disturbances associated with anti-infective agents when evaluated in humans.
Patients are provided with high acuity care from arrival in Recovery (PACU) until the morning after surgery. This includes higher than normal nursing ratios (1:2), regular frequent rounds by specialist anaesthetic staff, and access to monitoring and medicines (eg vasopressor infusions) not available on normal postoperative surgical wards.
Opioid analgesics may cause psychological and physical dependence. Physical dependence results in withdrawal symptoms in patients who abruptly discontinue the drug after long term administration. Also, symptoms of withdrawal may be precipitated through the administration of drugs with mu-opioid antagonist activity, e.g., naloxone or mixed agonist/antagonist analgesics (pentazocine, butorphanol, nalbuphine, dezocine) (see OVERDOSAGE). Physical dependence usually does not occur to a clinically significant degree, until after several weeks of continued opioid usage. Tolerance, in which increasingly larger doses are required to produce the same degree of analgesia, is initially manifested by a shortened duration of an analgesic effect and subsequently, by decreases in the intensity of analgesia.

In chronic pain patients, and in opioid-tolerant cancer patients, the administration of propoxyphene napsylate and acetaminophen tablets should be guided by the degree of tolerance manifested and the doses needed to adequately relieve pain.

The severity of the propoxyphene napsylate and acetaminophen tablets abstinence syndrome may depend on the degree of physical dependence. Withdrawal is characterized by rhinitis, myalgia, abdominal cramping, and occasional diarrhea. Most observable symptoms disappear in 5 to 14 days without treatment; however, there may be a phase of secondary or chronic abstinence which may last for 2 to 6 months characterized by insomnia, irritability, and muscular aches. The patient may be detoxified by gradual reduction of the dose. Gastrointestinal disturbances or dehydration should be treated with supportive care.
Toxoplasmosis is a prevalent parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii known to induce complex immune responses, to control the infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a cluster of small noncoding RNAs that are reported to have regulatory functions in the immune response. The objective of this study is to assess the expression of miR-155 and its targets, Src homology-2 domain-containing inositol 5- phosphatase 1 (SHIP-1) and suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1), in non-pregnant Iraqi women seropositive for toxoplasmosis. The study included 55 non-pregnant women positive for toxoplasmosis (20 in the acute phase and 35 in the chronic phase) and 35 non-pregnant women negative for toxoplasmosis (control group). Serum samples were collected from all participants to investigate the expression of miR-155 by RT‒PCR, in addition to the levels of SOCS1 and SHIP-1 measured by ELISA. The results showed a significant increase in the expression of miR-155 in both groups of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis compared to the control group. Lower levels of SOCS1 and SHIP-1 were found in acutely infected women compared to those with chronic infection and non-infected women. These findings showed the possible critical impact of miR-155 on host immune response during T.gondii infection, proposing that miR-155 can be explored as a prospective target to support host immune response against infectious diseases, with special help in early detection and management of toxoplasmosis in high-risk immunocompromised patients. Further studies are needed to evaluate the molecular pathways by which miRNAs improve immunity against toxoplasmosis.
FOR IRRIGATION ONLY. NOT FOR INJECTION.

Irrigating fluids have been demonstrated to enter the systemic circulation in relatively large volumes, thus, those irrigations must be regarded as a systemic drug. Absorption of large amounts can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema.

The risk of dilutional states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of administered parenteral solutions. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of such solutions.

Do not heat over 66°C (150°F).
Even with recent advances in pathobiology and treatment options, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. To develop new ways of combating this disease, breakthroughs in our understanding of its mechanisms are sorely needed. Investigating the involvement of underanalyzed lung cell types, such as endothelial cells (ECs), is one way to further our understanding of COPD. JCAD is a junctional protein in endothelial cells (ECs) arising from the KIAA1462 gene, and a mutation in this gene has been implicated in the risk of developing COPD. In our study, we induced inflammation and emphysema in mice via the global knockout of KIAA1462/JCAD (JCAD-KO) and confirmed it in HPMECs and A549 to examine how the loss of JCAD could affect COPD development. We found that KIAA1462/JCAD loss reduced acute lung inflammation after elastase treatment. Even after 3 weeks of elastase, JCAD-KO mice demonstrated a preserved lung parenchymal structure and vasculature. In vitro, after KIAA1462 expression is silenced, both endothelial and epithelial cells showed alterations in pro-inflammatory gene expression after TNF-α treatment. We concluded that JCAD loss could ameliorate COPD through its anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects, and that KIAA1462/JCAD could be a novel target for COPD therapy.
BACKGROUND: Benzodiazepines are the recommended first-line treatment of acute seizures. We wished to compare the efficacy, side effects, and satisfaction after midazolam administration by the buccal, intranasal, or intramuscular route in the treatment of acute seizures in children at homes and in emergency room (ER).
METHODS: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was performed in children aged one month to 17 years with acute seizures lasting longer than five minutes. The primary end point was seizure cessation within 10 minutes of drug administration and no seizure recurrence within 30 minutes.
RESULTS: In the home group, 67 patients received midazolam via buccal route, 60 via intranasal route, and 69 via intramuscular route, whereas in the ER group, 37 patients received buccal, 34 received intranasal, and 34 received intramuscular midazolam. The primary end point was achieved in 94.2% and 85.3% after intramuscular midazolam in the home and ER groups, respectively. The intranasal midazolam was successful in stopping seizures in 93.3% in the home group and 88.2% in the ER group. The buccal route was effective in 91% in the home group and 78.4% in the ER group. There were no significant differences in efficacy between all groups (P = 0.763 and P = 0.509) among the home and ER groups, respectively. There were no significant cardiorespiratory events in all groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Intramuscular, intranasal, and buccal doses of midazolam resolved most seizures in prehospital and emergency settings. Our results indicate that there is no statistically significant difference detected between different routes of midazolam. Intranasal route showed the highest satisfaction rate among caregivers.