anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Background: HIV capsid (CA) is an emerging target for antiretroviral treatment PF-3450074 (P74) is a small-molecule CA binder that has been proposed to inhibit reverse transcription (RT) by accelerating HIV core uncoating. PF74 antiviral potency can depend on cyclophilin A (CypA) binding to CA in some cells and it shares a CA binding site with the host nuclear transport factor CPSF6, which restrict HIV infection when mislocalized to the cell cytoplasm. Here we further interrogate the mechanism of action (MOA) for PF74 in human T cells and clarify its potential dependence on CypA and CPSF6.Methodology: HIV reporter viruses were produced in HEK293T cells and used to infect MT2 cells and primary CD4+ T cells to determine the antiviral effect of PF74. Compound exposure was controlled by staggered addition and cell washing at various times post-infection. DNA products of infection were analyzed by qPCR. CypA and CPSF6 levels were varied in MT2 cells by overexpression and shRNA knockdown. CA (P90A, N74D) and CPSF6 (FG50,AA) mutations were used to eliminate CypA or CPSF6 binding to the viral capsid. CPSF6 binding to CA was tested using a CA-NO pull down assay.Results: PF74 efficiently inhibited late (EC50=795 nM) and early (EC50=264 nM) post-entry stages of HIV-1 replication in single-round infectivity assays and stabilized CA-NC polymers in vitro. Stable CypA knockdown or mutation of the CypA binding site of CA (P90A) had no effect on HIV infectivity or PF74 antiviral potency in T cells. CypA-independence of PF74 MOA was confirmed in PBMCs using HIV isolates unable to bind CypA due to CA polymorphisms. Drug washout studies showed that at high concentrations (100× EC50), PF74 inactivates cell-free virus via core disassembly and also acts concomitant with the RT step in infected cells. At 10× EC50, however, PF74 acted post-RT and was not virucidal, suggesting antiviral mechanism(s) beyond capsid destabilization. In time-of-addition studies, PF74 (10× EC50) remained active when added after RT but before vDNA integration, and normal levels of late-RT products but reduced 2-LTR circles were observed under these conditions. In contrast, reduced late-RT products were detected at higher compound concentrations. Although PF74 did compete with CPSF6 binding to CA in vitro, it remained active against the N740 mutant virus that does not bind CPSF6, suggesting a CPSF6-independent MOA.Conclusions: Although PF74 can accelerate viral capsid disassembly at high concentrations, our results indicate that this compound primarly acts after the RT step, but prior to 2-LTR circle accumulation in human T cells, via a CypA- and CPSF6-independent MOA. We propose that by directly stabilizing the viral capsid at lower drug concentrations, PF74 may interfere with nuclear targeting of the pre-integration complex.
BACKGROUND: Acute stroke treatment with intracranial thrombectomy and treatment of ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis/occlusion ("tandem lesion", TL) in one session is considered safe. However, the risk of stent restenosis after TL treatment is high, and antiplatelet therapy (APT) preventing restenosis must be well balanced to avoid intracranial hemorrhage. We investigated the safety and 90-day outcome of patients receiving TL treatment under triple-APT, focused on stent-patency and possible disadvantageous comorbidities.
METHODS: Patients receiving TL treatment in the setting of acute stroke between 2013 and 2022 were analyzed regarding peri-/postprocedural safety and stent patency after 90 days. All patients received intravenous eptifibatide and acetylsalicylic acid and one of the three drugs prasugrel, clopidogrel, or ticagrelor. Duplex imaging was performed 24 h after treatment, at discharge and 90 days, and digital subtraction angiography was performed if restenosis was suspected.
RESULTS: 176 patients were included. Periprocedural complications occurred in 2.3% of the patients at no periprocedural death, and in-hospital death in 13.6%. Discharge mRS score was maintained or improved at the 90-day follow-up in 86%, 4.54% had an in-stent restenosis requiring treatment at 90 days. No recorded comorbidity considered disadvantageous for stent patency showed statistical significance, the duration of the endovascular procedure had no significant effect on outcome.
CONCLUSION: In our data, TL treatment with triple APT resulted in a low restenosis rate, low rates of sICH and a comparably high number of patients with favorable outcome. Aggressive APT in the initial phase may therefore have the potential to prevent recurrent stroke better than restrained platelet inhibition. Comorbidities did not influence stent patency.
ELREXFIO can cause serious or life-threatening neurologic toxicity, including ICANS [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

In the clinical trial, neurologic toxicity occurred in 59% of patients who received ELREXFIO at the recommended dosing schedule [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)], with Grade 3 or 4 neurologic toxicity occurring in 7% of patients. Neurologic toxicities included headache (18%), encephalopathy (15%), motor dysfunction (13%), sensory neuropathy (13%), and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (0.5%).

In the clinical trial, ICANS occurred in 3.3% of patients who received ELREXFIO at the recommended dosing schedule [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. Most patients had ICANS after the first step-up dose (2.7%), 1 (0.5%) patient had ICANS after the second step-up dose and 1 (0.5%) patient had ICANS after subsequent dose(s). Recurrent ICANS occurred in 1.1% of patients. The median time to onset was 3 (range: 1 to 4) days after the most recent dose, with a median duration of 2 (range: 1 to 18) days. The most frequent clinical manifestations of ICANS included a depressed level of consciousness and Grade 1 or Grade 2 Immune Effector Cell-Associated Encephalopathy (ICE) scores. The onset of ICANS can be concurrent with CRS, following resolution of CRS, or in the absence of CRS.

Counsel patients to seek medical attention should signs or symptoms of neurologic toxicity occur. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of neurologic toxicities during treatment with ELREXFIO. At the first sign of neurologic toxicity, including ICANS, evaluate and treat patients immediately based on severity. Withhold or permanently discontinue ELREXFIO based on severity per recommendations [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)] and consider further management per current practice guidelines.

Due to the potential for neurologic toxicity including ICANS, patients receiving ELREXFIO are at risk of depressed level of consciousness. Advise patients not to drive or operate heavy or potentially dangerous machinery for 48 hours after completing each of the 2 step-up doses and the first treatment dose within the ELREXFIO step-up dosing schedule and in the event of new onset of any neurological toxicity symptoms until symptoms resolve [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

ELREXFIO is available only through a restricted program under a REMS [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Regulation of gene expression is a vital component of neurological homeostasis. Cataloging the consequences of endogenous gene expression on the physical structure and connectivity of the brain offers a means of unifying trait-associated genetic variation with trait-associated neurological features. We perform tissue-specific transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs) on over 3,400 neuroimaging phenotypes in the UK Biobank (N = 33,224) using our joint-tissue imputation (JTI)-TWAS method. We identify highly significant associations between predicted expression for 7,192 genes and a wide variety of measures of the brain derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our approach generates reproducible results in internal and external replication datasets. Genetically determined expression alone is sufficient for high-fidelity reconstruction of brain structure and organization. We demonstrate complementary benefits of cross-tissue and single-tissue analyses toward an integrated neurobiology and provide evidence that gene expression outside the central nervous system provides unique insights into brain health. As an application, we provide evidence suggesting that the genetically regulated expression of schizophrenia risk genes causally affects over 73% of neurological phenotypes that are altered in individuals with schizophrenia (as identified by neuroimaging studies). Imaging features associated with neuropsychiatric traits can provide valuable insights into underlying pathophysiology. By linking neuroimaging-derived phenotypes with expression levels of specific genes, this resource represents a powerful gene prioritization schema that can improve our understanding of brain function, development, and disease. The use of multiple different cortical and subcortical atlases in the resource facilitates direct integration of these data with findings from a diverse range of clinical neuroimaging studies.
1,146,486. Osteoblastic extract. SOC. D'ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES BIOLOGIQUES. 24 June, 1966, No. 28516/66. Heading A5B. An osteoblastic extract for use in the treatment of bone affections is obtained by extracting comminuted endochondral tissue from the long bones of sexually immature mammals first with a neutral aqueous liquid, secondly with an alkaline aqueous liquid of pH 8-11, and thirdly with an acidic aqueous liquid of pH 3-6, storing separately) the aqueous liquids from each extraction for at least 4 hours at low temperature, combining the three extracts, adjusting the pH of the combined extracts to neutrality if necessary, removing undissolved solids, and lyophilizing the remaining liquid. The extracts may be administered in the form of an ointment or cream, optionally with hyaluronidase, or suppositories or an injectable solution.
The safety and efficacy of Monoferric for treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) were evaluated in two randomized, open-label, actively-controlled clinical trials performed in a total of 3050 patients with IDA of different etiology. Trial 1 included patients with IDA who had intolerance to oral iron or who had had unsatisfactory response to oral iron or for whom there was a clinical need for rapid repletion of iron stores. Trial 2 included patients with IDA who had non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD). In these two 8-Week trials, patients were randomized 2:1 to treatment with Monoferric or iron sucrose. Monoferric was intravenously administered as a single dose of 1000 mg.

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients Who Had Intolerance to Oral Iron or Who Had Unsatisfactory Response to Oral Iron

In Trial 1 (NCT02940886) 1512 adult patients with IDA caused by different etiologies, who had documented intolerance or lack of response to oral iron or screening hemoglobin (Hb) measurement sufficiently low to require repletion of iron stores were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to treatment with Monoferric or iron sucrose. Adult patients aged ≥18 years with baseline Hb ≤11 g/dL, TSAT <20 %, and s-ferritin <100 ng/mL were eligible for enrollment. The median age of patients was 44 years (range 18-91) and 89 % were women.

The efficacy of Monoferric was established based upon the change in Hb from baseline to week 8. Non-inferiority was demonstrated for change in Hb from baseline to Week 8 (Table 2).

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients with Non-Hemodialysis Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD)

Trial 2 (NCT02940860) was a randomized controlled trial in 1538 patients with NDD-CKD who were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to treatment with Monoferric or iron sucrose respectively. Adult patients aged ≥18 years with Hb ≤11 g/dL, s-ferritin ≤100 ng/mL (or ≤300 ng/mL if TSAT ≤30%), chronic renal impairment with eGFR between 15-59 mL/min, and either no ESAs or ESAs at a stable dose (+/-20 %) for 4 weeks before randomization were eligible for enrollment. The median age of patients was 69 years (range 25-97), 63% were female.

The efficacy of Monoferric was established based upon the demonstration of non-inferiority for change in hemoglobin from baseline to Week 8 (Table 3).
Single Group Assignment Patients after a major amputation would received at least 10 days of rehabilitation with the assistance of virtual reality. Before the operation, patients consent, life quality, pain score and motivation score were be evaluated. The rehabiliation with virtual reality started on the second postoperative day. The pain score would be evaluated everyday before and after the rebilitation. On the fifth and tenth day, motivation, life quality and functional index would be carried out again as the evaluation of the outcome of training.
A hog cholera vaccine is prepared by subjecting virulent hog cholera virus to serial culture containing living pig tissue for at least 15 serial passages until said hog cholera virus acquires a reduced virulence that will no longer produce pathological symptoms when injected into a normal pig but retains self-propagating characteristics and gives rise to the production of protective antibodies.  Hog serum is ultrafiltered to remove hog cholera immune fractions, diluted with a physiological solution, sterilised, a small quantity of comminuted living reticuloendothelial tissue of a pig susceptible to hog cholera added, the pH adjusted to 7.4 to 7.5 and the medium so formed inoculated with virulent hog cholera virus which is incubated at 37 DEG  C. for three days and at room temperature for one day.  A cysteine salt, e.g. the hydrochloride and a small amount of pig spleen hydrolysate or p-aminobenzoic acid may also be present in the culture medium.  The virus is serially propagated through similar media until the desired attenuation has been obtained. The modified virus is then mixed with an equal volume of a diluent such as sterile skim milk, placed in the final market container and is quick frozen and dried, the containers being stoppered, evacuated and sealed.  Specification 627,584 is referred to.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) take on pivotal and complex roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME); however, their heterogeneity in the TME remains incompletely understood. ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ETS1) is a transcription factor that is mainly expressed in lymphocytes. However, its expression and immunoregulatory role in colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated macrophages remain unclear. In the study, the expression levels of ETS1 in CD68+ macrophages in the CRC microenvironment were significantly higher than those in matched paracarcinoma tissues. Importantly, ETS1 increased the levels of chemokines C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells. It also boosted the migration and invasion of CRC cells during the in vitro co-culture. In the ETS1 conditional knockout mouse model, ETS1 deficiency in macrophages ameliorated the histological changes in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mouse models and prolonged the survival in an azomethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced CRC model. ETS1 deficiency in macrophages substantially inhibited tumor formation, reduced F4/80+TIM4+ macrophages in the mesenteric lymph nodes, and decreased CCL2 and CXCL10 protein levels in tumor tissues. Moreover, ETS1 deficiency in macrophages effectively prevented liver metastasis of CRC and reduced the infiltration of TAMs into the metastasis sites. Subsequent studies have indicated that ETS1 upregulated the expression of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor 4 in macrophages through the signal transducer and activator of the transcription 1 signaling pathway activated by the autocrine action of CCL2/CXCL10. Collectively, ETS1 deficiency in macrophages potentiates antitumor immune responses by repressing CCL2 and CXCL10 expression, shedding light on potential therapeutic strategies for CRC.
Using data from a longitudinal cohort of children, we examined whether epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) was associated with pubertal growth and whether these associations were mediated by adiposity. We examined associations between EAA at approximately 10 years of age with pubertal growth metrics, including age at peak height velocity (PHV), PHV, and sex steroid levels and whether these associations were mediated by measures of adiposity including body mass index (BMI) and MRI-assessed visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Children (n = 135) with accelerated EAA had higher PHV (β 0.018, p = 0.0008) although the effect size was small. The association between EAA and age at PHV was not significant (β  - 0.0022, p = 0.067). Although EAA was associated with higher BMI (β 0.16, p = 0.0041), VAT (β 0.50, p = 0.037), and SAT (β 3.47, p = 0.0076), BMI and VAT did not mediate associations between EAA and PHV, while SAT explained 8.4% of the association. Boys with higher EAA had lower total testosterone (β  - 12.03, p = 0.0014), but associations between EAA and other sex steroids were not significant, and EAA was not associated with sex steroid levels in girls. We conclude that EAA did not have strong associations with either age at onset of puberty or pubertal growth speed, although associations with growth speed were statistically significant. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this pattern of associations.
Participants will be selected from patients diagnosed with tension-type headache according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition (ICHD-3) criteria. Selected participants, in addition to being administered 25 mg of dexketoprofen, will also use virtual reality goggles.
The mitochondrion serves as a critical intracellular organelle, engaging in essential roles in the regulation of energy production, oxidative stress management, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. One such disease that has been particularly associated with these functions is kidney stone disease (KSD), specifically calcium oxalate (CaOx). It is underpinned by oxidative stress and tissue inflammation. Recent studies have shed light on the vital involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction, the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent cell death in CaOx crystal retention and aggregation. These processes are pivotal in the pathogenesis of kidney stone formation. This review focuses on the pivotal roles of mitochondria in renal cell functions and provides an overview of the intricate interconnectedness between mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the context of KSD. It is essential to recognise the utmost significance of gaining a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that safeguard mitochondrial function and regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Such knowledge carries significant scientific implications and opens up promising avenues for the development of innovative strategies to prevent the formation of kidney stones.
Patients presented with non-keratinizing NPC and stage T3-4NxM0/TxN2-3M0 are randomly assigned to receive cisplatin-based (control arm) with carboplatin-based (investigational arm) chemoradiotherapy. Patients in the investigational arm receive docetaxel (75mg/m2 on day 1), carboplatin (AUC 4 on day 1) every three weeks for two cycles before the radiotherapy, and then receive radical radiotherapy and carboplatin (AUC 5 on day 1) every three weeks for three cycles during radiotherapy. Patients in the control arm receive docetaxel (75mg/m2 on day 1), cisplatin (75mg/m2 on day 1) every three weeks for two cycles before the radiotherapy, and then receive radical radiotherapy and cisplatin (100mg/m2 on day 1) every three weeks for three cycles during radiotherapy. Patients are stratified according to stage. The primary end point is overall survival (OS). Secondary end points include failure-free survival (FFS), distant failure-free survival (D-FFS), locoregional failure-free survival (LR-FFS), initial response rates after treatments and toxic effects. All efficacy analyses are conducted in the intention-to-treat population; the safety population include only patients who receive their randomly assigned treatment.
Coronary artery reblockage remains still a drawback of percutaneous coronary interventions even in the era of drug-eluting stents (DES). DESs working principle consists of the delivery of controlled amounts of antiproliferative agents at the local level, which results in the suppression of neontimal proliferation, the main cause of lumen re-narrowing after stent implantation. At present, several DES platforms have been developed and evaluated for clinical use. They differ between them with regard to the stent type, anti-proliferative drug, presence or absence of polymers employed for drug storage and modification of drug-release kinetics as well as type of polymer used for this purpose. Although their mid-term efficacy has been well-established, there is an ongoing debate on the potential of an increased incidence of late stent thrombosis, particularly after discontinuation of thienopyridine therapy, as well as of delayed onset of restenosis or catch-up phenomenon with DESs. Based on animal and human pathological data, investigators have linked the above-mentioned concerns to the presence of permanent polymers in DESs, which have a proinflammatory and prothrombogenic potential, and sometimes may induce a hypersensitivity reaction. On the other hand, lack of or delayed reendothelialization is considered an important factor for development of coronary reblockage. Estradiol has been shown to promote rapid reendothelialization of the stent and to reduce the restenosis after PCI. This trial will compare the anti-restenotic efficacy of the polymer-free rapamycin plus 17β estradiolvalerat -eluting stent with that of the polymer-free rapamycin-eluting stent in patients with coronary artery disease. The ISAR stent is a rough surface stainless steel stent which allows coating without the need of polymer (PF ISAR stent) in the cath lab.
Procedure: Operative access laparoscopic ovarian cyst enucleation was performed using an umbilical single port ( 2 cm longitudinal incision was made within the umbilicus and an wound retractor (Alexis Wound Retractor XS) was inserted into the wound opening. A surgical glove with two 5mm trocars inserted into two fingers was draped around the rim of the wound retractor.) and one 5-mm trocar in the lower abdomen.
The gut barrier is essential for protection against pathogens and maintaining homeostasis. Macrophages are key players in the immune system, are indispensable for intestinal health, and contribute to immune defense and repair mechanisms. Understanding the multifaceted roles of macrophages can provide critical insights into maintaining and restoring gastrointestinal (GI) health. This review explores the essential role of macrophages in maintaining the gut barrier function and their contribution to post-inflammatory and post-infectious responses in the gut. Macrophages significantly contribute to gut barrier integrity through epithelial repair, immune modulation, and interactions with gut microbiota. They demonstrate active plasticity by switching phenotypes to resolve inflammation, facilitate tissue repair, and regulate microbial populations following an infection or inflammation. In addition, tissue-resident (M2) and infiltration (M1) macrophages convert to each other in gut problems such as IBS and IBD via major signaling pathways mediated by NF-κB, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, Toll-like receptors, and specific microRNAs such as miR-155, miR-29, miR-146a, and miR-199, which may be good targets for new therapeutic approaches. Future research should focus on elucidating the detailed molecular mechanisms and developing personalized therapeutic approaches to fully harness the potential of macrophages to maintain and restore intestinal permeability and gut health.