anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
### Abuse And Dependence 

Abuse and addiction are separate and distinct from physical dependence and tolerance. Abuse is characterized by misuse of the drug for non-medical purposes, often in combination with other psychoactive substances. Physical dependence is a state of adaptation that is manifested by a specific withdrawal syndrome that can be produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, decreasing blood level of the drug and/or administration of an antagonist. Tolerance is a state of adaptation in which exposure to a drug induces changes that result in a diminution of one or more of the drug's effects over time. Tolerance may occur to both the desired and undesired effects of drugs and may develop at different rates for different effects. 

Addiction is a primary, chronic, neurobiological disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. It is characterized by behaviors that include one or more of the following: impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued use despite harm, and craving. Drug addiction is a treatable disease, utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, but relapse is common. 

In a study of abuse liability conducted in individuals with known histories of benzodiazepine abuse, eszopiclone at doses of 6 and 12 mg produced euphoric effects similar to those of diazepam 20 mg. In this study, at doses 2-fold or greater than the maximum recommended doses, a dose-related increase in reports of amnesia and hallucinations was observed for both LUNESTA and diazepam. 

The clinical trial experience with LUNESTA revealed no evidence of a serious withdrawal syndrome. Nevertheless, the following adverse events included in DSM-IV criteria for uncomplicated sedative/hypnotic withdrawal were reported during clinical trials following placebo substitution occurring within 48 hours following the last LUNESTA treatment: anxiety, abnormal dreams, nausea, and upset stomach. These reported adverse events occurred at an incidence of 2% or less. Use of benzodiazepines and similar agents may lead to physical and psychological dependence. The risk of abuse and dependence increases with the dose and duration of treatment and concomitant use of other psychoactive drugs. The risk is also greater for patients who have a history of alcohol or drug abuse or history of psychiatric disorders. These patients should be under careful surveillance when receiving LUNESTA or any other hypnotic. 

### Tolerance 

Some loss of efficacy to the hypnotic effect of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like agents may develop after repeated use of these drugs for a few weeks. 

No development of tolerance to any parameter of sleep measurement was observed over six months. Tolerance to the efficacy of LUNESTA 3 mg was assessed by 4-week objective and 6-week subjective measurements of time to sleep onset and sleep maintenance for LUNESTA in a placebo-controlled 44-day study, and by subjective assessments of time to sleep onset and WASO in a placebo-controlled study for 6 months.
Elevations of ALT or AST (three or more times the upper limit of normal [ULN]) have been reported in approximately 1% of NSAID-treated patients in clinical trials. In addition, rare, sometimes fatal, cases of severe hepatic injury, including fulminant hepatitis, liver necrosis, and hepatic failure have been reported.

Elevations of ALT or AST (less than three times ULN) may occur in up to 15% of patients treated with NSAIDs including naproxen.

Inform patients of the warning signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity (e.g., nausea, fatigue, lethargy, diarrhea, pruritus, jaundice, right upper quadrant tenderness, and "flu-like" symptoms). If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop, or if systemic manifestations occur (e.g., eosinophilia, rash, etc.), discontinue naproxen immediately, and perform a clinical evaluation of the patient.
Sarcopenia is a major public health concern among older adults, leading to disabilities, falls, fractures, and mortality. This study aimed to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of sarcopenia and identify potential therapeutic targets using systems biology approaches. RNA-seq data from muscle biopsies of 24 sarcopenic and 29 healthy individuals from a previous cohort were analysed. Differential expression, gene set enrichment, gene co-expression network, and topology analyses were conducted to identify target genes implicated in sarcopenia pathogenesis, resulting in the selection of 6 hub genes (PDHX, AGL, SEMA6C, CASQ1, MYORG, and CCDC69). A drug repurposing approach was then employed to identify new pharmacological treatment options for sarcopenia (clofibric-acid, troglitazone, withaferin-a, palbociclib, MG-132, bortezomib). Finally, validation experiments in muscle cell line (C2C12) revealed MG-132 and troglitazone as promising candidates for sarcopenia treatment. Our approach, based on systems biology and drug repositioning, provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia and offers potential new treatment options using existing drugs.
1. Technical Result Widening of spectrum of therapeutic effect and increase in the assortment of medicinal means.            2. Essence A medicinal means comprises a powder of rhizomes, stalks, leaves and flowers of primrose species plants. It is used for treatment and prophylaxis of mastitis, mastoiditis, wounds, suppurative inflammations of skin and mucous membrane, colpitis, prostate, inflammatory diseases of respiratory and urination systems, cholecystitis, colitis, haemorrhoids and for regulating the activity of gastrointestinal tract.           3. Field of Application Medicine.
The present subject matter relates to models and methods for providing personalized diet and activity recommendations that adapt to the metabolism of each dieter individually using frequent measurements of physical activity and triglyceride levels. In general, the subject matter provides the means for generating weekly plans and daily diet and activity guidance using repeated, frequent and ongoing tracking of: body weight, physical activity, triglyceride levels, and possible use of various other physiological and behavioral parameters such as age and food preferences. The subject matter provides a method for generating a personalized metabolism model for predicting the effect of food intake and activity on triglyceride levels. The subject matter provides a method for generating a personalized diet model for determining the range of triglyceride levels for achieving the dieter's weight goals. The subject matter provides methods generating diet and activity recommendations using the personal metabolism and diet models to help the user achieve his diet goals. Such adaptive diet recommendations can keep the user balanced and improve diet regime adherence and can result in ongoing weight loss and improved weight sustenance.
A dispenser for supplying a metered volume of a liquid medicament to an aerosolizing device. The dispenser may include a container having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the container is configured to store a volume of liquid medicament. The dispenser may also include a dispensing mechanism coupled to the distal end of the container. The dispensing mechanism may have a distal end terminating in a tip through which the liquid medicament is dispensed. The dispensing mechanism operates to dispense a metered volume of the liquid medicament from the tip each time the dispensing mechanism is operated. The distal end of the dispensing mechanism includes an interface that interacts with a housing of an inhaler to limit an insertion depth of the tip into an opening the housing.
Patients will undergo fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion and ideally prenatal reversal of the occlusion followed by standardized postnatal care as in the expectant . In this study FETO (where GoldBal2 detachable balloon and Baltaccidbpe100 Delivery Catheter are used) is to be done between 30 weeks plus 0 day and 31 weeks plus 6 days and removal of the balloon at 34 weeks plus 0 day to 34 weeks plus 6 days.
The present invention relates to medicament for peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis and a preparation method thereof, which belongs to the technical field of medicine. The present invention is to solve the problems of effective agents for peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis and preparation. The present invention has the characteristics that the medicament uses eaglewood wood, magnolia bark, black plum and pilose asiabell root as raw materials, and the present invention is formed by the processes of pulverization, mixing or digestion, concentration, dryness, grinding and packaging. The dosage form is various, and the administration is convenient. The ulcer healing rate of the present invention for peptic ulcer in 8 weeks is 86.0% through the certification of double-blind, double imitation and randomized controlled trial, and the healing quality is far higher than H2-retarder cimetidine. The rate of disappearance for chronic gastritis inflammation is 78%, and the present invention has the obvious curative effect for atrophic pathologic change of chronic gastritis, which has no inefficacy at present. Acute and long term toxicity experiments indicate that the present invention has no side or poisonous effects.
The invention relates to drugs for treating mouth mucosa diseases and the manufacture field of the drugs for treating mouth mucosa diseases, in particular to a mouth mucosa drug sustained release preparation for treating a mouth periodontal disease by doxycycline. The preparation is composed of a mouth mucosa contacted layer and a non-adhesiveness sealing layer. The mouth mucosa contacted layer comprises, by weight, 2-20/80-98 of antibiotic drugs and auxiliary materials. The components of the non-adhesiveness sealing layer are non-adhesiveness low water-solubility high-molecular polymers. The non-adhesiveness low water-solubility high-molecular polymers are chosen from polyvinyl alcohol. The components of mouth mucosa drug sustained release preparation comprise 2.0g of methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymers, 2.0g of polyoxyethylene, 2.0g of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, 12.0g of natural starch, 2.0g of menthol and 0.5g of doxycycline, and the rest is poval. The mouth mucosa drug sustained release preparation has the advantages that drug delivering is convenient, drug releasing time is long, drug releasing speed is even, targeting is strong, and adhesive force with mucosas is strong. In addition, the manufacturing method is simple in operation, low in cost, environment-friendly and suitable for industrial production.
A cosmetic composition containing solid waxes and paste compounds is provided to allow a mascara composition to be adhered to eyelashes smoothly. A cosmetic composition comprises an aqueous phase and more than 10wt% of one or more solid waxes and paste-type compounds. The cosmetic composition contains one or more oils. The mixing ratio of the solid waxes and the paste-type compounds with the oils are 2 to 8 by weight. The total amount of the paste-type compounds and oils are 1-15wt% on a total weight of the cosmetic composition. The aqueous phase indicates water and one or more water-soluble solvents. The amount of the aqueous phase is 3-80wt% on a total weight of the cosmetic composition.
PURPOSE:To produce a cosmetic having excellent moisture-retention, feeling to the skin and make-up durability by compounding flaky silk fibroin powder with a mucopolysaccharide to improve the moisture-retention of the silk fibroin powder and compounding the produced composite powder having excellent feeling to a cosmetic base. CONSTITUTION:This silk fibroin powder compounded with a mucopolysaccharide is produced by adding an aqueous solution of silk fibroin to an aqueous solution of a mucopolysaccharide or its salt, thoroughly mixing the mixture, freeze-drying the obtained dispersion, subjecting the resultant dried material (silk fibroin containing mucopolysaccharide uniformly dispersed and occluded in the silk fibroin) to wet-heat treatment with saturated steam of >=80 deg.C to effect the denaturation of the silk fibroin and obtain a partially crosslinked silk fibroin insoluble in hot water (beta-type structure) and crushing the denaturated product to a prescribed size by a crusher such as a hammer mill. A cosmetic is prepared by compounding the powder (preferably flaky powder). The amount of the mucopolysaccharide or its salt in the cosmetic is preferably 0.01-20 pts.wt. based on 100 pts.wt. of the silk fibroin powder compounded with the mucopolysaccharide.
The described implementations relate to systems, methods, and apparatuses for generating a region of interest (214) from imaging data (212). In particular, the region of interest is generated to track treatment effects in a more consistent and repeatable manner. The region of interest may be generated from a contrast agent and non-contrast agent enhanced scan (102) of the patient. Voxel data obtained from the scan may be collected and assigned according to respective intensity values to identify pattern voxels (116, 118, 120) for a particular range of intensities (128). A region of interest (110, 112, 114) may then be generated for each identified mode voxel, and a standard deviation of the region of interest may be determined. One or more thresholds may be derived from the determined standard deviation to further filter the intensity values and identify the set of filtered voxels as a result region of interest.
Cardiac arrhythmias are a major cause of morbidity and mortality affecting over 5% of Americans. Arrhythmias have become increasingly prevalent due to an aging population with diabetes, heart failure and hypertension, which has led to an increasing number of invasive electrophysiology studies and catheter ablations. Understanding of the cardiac arrhythmia mechanism, if it is focal or reentrant, and the specific location of the arrhythmia origin is limited by the current first-line, standard of care, noninvasive diagnostic test - the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), which is dependent on physician subjective interpretation. Furthermore, it does not present the arrhythmia in an easily visualized, three-dimensional, anatomical manner for patients or physicians to understand. Other noninvasive mapping techniques such as ECG imaging (ECGI) or virtual-heart technology, requires additional preprocedural imaging such as computed tomography which exposes patient to radiation, or magnetic resonance imaging which is costly. Over ten years, the collaborative team effort between Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomedical Engineering at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, has developed Electromechanical Wave Imaging (EWI), an ultrasound-based technique that takes 10-15 minutes to non-invasively image arrhythmias by visualizing the electromechanical wave corresponding to electromechanical coupling. A new technique, a full 3D EWI noninvasive ultrasound technique, has been developed which can construct an entire 4 chamber cardiac activation map using a single heartbeat of arrhythmia acquired in one apical transthoracic echocardiographic image. This study involves three aims which will validate non-invasive 3D EWI to high density activation maps (HDAM) acquired during invasive electrophysiology study and demonstrate its clinical impact to shorten procedural times and improve clinical outcomes in a randomized clinical trial. The investigators will study patients with manifest pre-excitation such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, premature atrial complexes, premature ventricular complexes and ventricular tachycardia. This study aims to demonstrate that 3D EWI is an invaluable tool for pre-ablation planning to (1) provide target localization, (2) diagnose the mechanism of the arrhythmia, as focal or macro-reentrant arrhythmia, useful in decision-making for systemic anticoagulation and (3) improve ablation outcomes in terms of mapping/procedure times and number of ablation lesions.
The present invention provides polypeptide conjugates wherein a modifying group such as a water-soluble polymer, a therapeutic agent or a biomolecule is covalently linked to the polypeptide through a glycosyl linking group. In one embodiment, the polypeptide includes a glycosylation consensus sequence, wherein glycosylation occurs at an aromatic amino acid residue, such as the C-2 or the N-1 position of a tryptophan side chain. Exemplary polypeptides of the invention are those in which the glycosylation consensus sequence has been introduced into the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide by mutation. In another aspect the invention provides polypeptide conjugates wherein the modifying group is covalently linked to the polypeptide via a glycosyl mimetic linking group. Also provided are methods of making and using as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the polypeptide conjugates of the invention. Further provided are methods of treating, ameliorating or preventing diseases in mammals by administering an amount of a polypeptide conjugate of the invention sufficient to achieve the desired response.
BACKGROUND: Cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) is a common and debilitating complication of posterior fossa tumor surgery in children. Affected children exhibit communication and social impairments that overlap phenomenologically with subsets of deficits exhibited by children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although both CMS and ASD are thought to involve disrupted cerebro-cerebellar circuitry, they are considered independent conditions due to an incomplete understanding of their shared neural substrates.
METHODS: In this study, we analyzed postoperative cerebellar lesions from 90 children undergoing posterior fossa resection of medulloblastoma, 30 of whom developed CMS. Lesion locations were mapped to a standard atlas, and the networks functionally connected to each lesion were computed in normative adult and pediatric datasets. Generalizability to ASD was assessed using an independent cohort of children with ASD and matched controls (n = 427).
RESULTS: Lesions in children who developed CMS involved the vermis and inferomedial cerebellar lobules. They engaged large-scale cerebellothalamocortical circuits with a preponderance for the prefrontal and parietal cortices in the pediatric and adult connectomes, respectively. Moreover, with increasing connectomic age, CMS-associated lesions demonstrated stronger connectivity to the midbrain/red nuclei, thalami and inferior parietal lobules and weaker connectivity to the prefrontal cortex. Importantly, the CMS-associated lesion network was independently reproduced in ASD and correlated with communication and social deficits, but not repetitive behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that CMS-associated lesions may result in an ASD-like network disturbance that occurs during sensitive windows of brain development. A common network disturbance between CMS and ASD may inform improved treatment strategies for affected children.
Participants received 50 mg etanercept twice weekly (BIW) for the first 12 weeks and then 50 mg etanercept once weekly (QW) for the second 12 weeks. Participants also received active methotrexate titrated as follows: 7.5 mg per week (3 capsules) for weeks 1 and 2, 10 mg per week (4 capsules) for weeks 3 and 4, and then up to 15 mg per week (6 capsules) or the maximum tolerated dose for the remainder of the 24-week treatment period.
Elevated Liver Enzymes

NEXTSTELLIS is contraindicated in females with acute hepatitis or severe (decompensated) cirrhosis [see Contraindications (4)]. Withhold or permanently discontinue NEXTSTELLIS for persistent or significant elevation of liver enzymes. NEXTSTELLIS can cause elevated liver enzymes.

Liver Tumors

NEXTSTELLIS is contraindicated in females with hepatic adenomas and malignant liver tumors [see Contraindications (4)]. CHCs increase the risk of hepatic tumors, particularly hepatic adenomas. Rupture of hepatic adenomas may cause death from abdominal hemorrhage.
PURPOSE: A pharmaceutical composition and neutraceutical food containing standardized fraction of crude ginger extract is provided to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases. CONSTITUTION: A composition for preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases contains a standardized fraction of crude ginger extract as an active ingredient. The ginger is a root stem of Zingiberaceae. The crude extract is obtained by heating, sonication, or reflux. The suspension is prepared by adding water such as distilled water and purified water to the crude extract. The standardized fraction contains 1.0-10%(w/w) of 6-gingerol.
OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that weight loss following bariatric surgery is associated with a reduced risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) compared with obese patients who do not undergo bariatric surgery.
METHODS: We performed a cohort study using data from the Swedish nationwide healthcare registries. Patients aged 18-79 years who underwent bariatric surgery from 2006 to 2019 were propensity score (PS)-matched to up to 2 obese bariatric surgery-free patients ("unexposed patients"). Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to compare the incidence of CTS among bariatric surgery patients to obese unexposed patients both overall and divided by subgroups of age, sex, bariatric surgery type, and duration of follow-up.
RESULTS: In total, 40,619 bariatric surgery patients were PS-matched to 63,540 obese unexposed patients who did not undergo surgery. Bariatric surgery was not associated overall with CTS (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.91-1.05). There was a 23% decreased risk of CTS incidence observed within >1-3 years after bariatric surgery (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68-0.88). Decreased CTS risks were observed among bariatric surgery patients aged 18-34 years (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.74-1.01) and those who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.63-1.03), but these risks did not reach significance level compared with obese unexposed patients. However, there was a 20% increased CTS risk after 6 years (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05-1.36).
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that marked weight does not have a lasting impact on the reduction of CTS incidence.
Women will complete their standard chemoradiation treatment protocol and end of treatment PET scan at about 3 months from completion of radiation. Women randomized to zoledronic acid will receive 4 mg intravenously (IV) with their first dose chemotherapy and 3, 6 and 9 months after completion of radiation (total of 4 doses) along with scheduled follow-up dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and biomarker studies.
Treatment with Imtox-25 intravenously over 4 hours every other day for 4 doses. Hospital admission is required during this treatment.
Midazolam infusion of 1 mg/hour (final infusion concentration of 0.5 mg/mL) and adjusted by 1 mg/hour by the bedside nurse as needed for the desired level of sedation (Riker sedation-agitation score of 3 - 4) as other sedatives are down titrated. Daily awakenings are used.