anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
More than 1.7 million people a year in the United States begin confronting life with the medical, cognitive, and psychosocial challenges resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI). A range of cognitive impairments commonly observed following injury increase caregiver burden as well as per-person lifetime costs for care and support of survivors of TBI, estimated at $600,000 to $1,875,000. Our long-term goal is to lessen these burdens through improving the functional status of patients with TBI by providing an evidence-based, comprehensive, brief, acute-care intervention, First Steps Acute Neurobehavioral and Cognitive Intervention (FANCI). The 10-sesson, manualized FANCI Program will be tested in a controlled, randomized study. Therapeutic components of the FANCI include didactics, cognitive remediation, demonstration, guided self-reflection, rehearsal, and supported practice of skills and strategies. Specific hypotheses are that 1) FANCI will result in more improvement in functional status compared to standard interdisciplinary rehabilitation treatment and 2) FANCI will result in more improvement on measures of neurobehavioral functioning compared to standard rehabilitation care for patients with moderate to severe TBI. We base these hypotheses on the observations that 1) providing information about symptoms, treatment, and coping results in reduced symptom intensity and duration for patients with TBI, and 2) inpatient participants in recent FANCI pilot studies learned \>80% of the FANCI Program curriculum, and 3) the most recent pilot study participants had significantly better functional outcomes at discharge than matched controls. The specific aims of the proposed study are to 1) evaluate the efficacy of FANCI for improving functional status following treatment using the FIM, 2) examine the impact of FANCI on broader outcome measures of general emotional and behavioral functioning and productive activity in the community as measured post-treatment and at 6-month follow-up, 3) examine contributions of participant injury severity and cognitive status at time of treatment to treatment outcome and treatment response, 4) examine contributions of treatment variables of session topic and mastery, caregiver presence, and concurrent therapies on treatment outcome and treatment response for inpatients with TBI. Primary outcome measure is the (FIM). We will secondarily compare scores on the Disability Rating Scale (DRS), Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE), Rehabilitation Intensity of Therapy Scale (RITS), and Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FRsBe). Our design is a parallel groups, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. We will enroll 150 (75 treatment, 75 control) participants. Inclusion Criteria: Mod to Sev TBI based on time to commands, English speaker, Length of stay ≥ 5 days in acute BI rehabilitation Unit, 18 years of age or older, ≥ 79 on GOAT.
Compsn. for treating inadequate secretion of androgens by the testicles is a gel for percutaneous application contg. dihydrotestosterone (I) as active ingredient. Pref. the gel is formulated with an aq. alcohol solvent and contains 2.5% (I). Percutaneous application avoids problems of liver toxicity and excessive fluctuations in plasma hormone levels. (I) is not converted in vivo to testosterone (II) or oestradiol and has no effect on FSM secretion. The compsn. can be used to treat general, localised, permanent or transient androgen deficiency and also has an antidepressant and libido-enhancing effect. It may also be useful (because of its anti-aestrogen effects) for treating oestrogen-dependent, idiopathic gynaecomastia (by direct application to the breasts).
Vandetanib 100 mg (6 patients) or 200 mg (3 patients) orally daily during the conventional 3D-guided conformal radiation therapy plus chemotherapy with carboplatin (AUC 5) on days 1 and 29, paclitaxel 50 mg/m2 i.v. weekly on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29; and continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil at 225 mg/m2 for 96 hours Monday-Friday during the radiation.
Obesity is associated with increased ovarian inflammation and the establishment of leptin resistance. We presently investigated the role of impaired leptin signalling on transcriptional regulation in granulosa cells (GCs) collected from genetically obese mice. Furthermore, we characterised the association between ovarian leptin signalling, the activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and macrophage infiltration in obese mice. After phenotype characterisation, ovaries were collected from distinct group of animals for protein and mRNA expression analysis: (i) mice subjected to a diet-induced obesity (DIO) protocol, where one group was fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and another a standard chow diet (CD) for durations of 4 or 16 weeks; (ii) mice genetically deficient in the long isoform of the leptin receptor (ObRb; db/db); (iii) mice genetically deficient in leptin (ob/ob); and (iv) mice rendered pharmacologically hyperleptinemic (LEPT). Next, GCs from antral follicles isolated from db/db and ob/ob mice were subjected to transcriptome analysis. Transcriptional analysis revealed opposing profiles in genes associated with steroidogenesis and prostaglandin action between the genetic models, despite the similarities in body weight. Furthermore, we observed no changes in the mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome components in the ovaries of db/db mice or in markers of M1 and M2 macrophage infiltration. This contrasted with the downregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome components and M1 markers in ob/ob and 16-wk HFD-fed mice. We concluded that leptin signalling regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the expression of M1 markers in the ovaries of obese mice in an ObRb-dependent and ObRb-independent manner. Furthermore, we found no changes in the expression of leptin signalling and NLRP3 inflammasome genes in GCs from db/db and ob/ob mice, which was associated with no effects on macrophage infiltration genes, despite the dysregulation of genes associated with steroidogenesis in homozygous obese db/db. Our results suggest that: (i) the crosstalk between leptin signalling, NLRP3 inflammasome and macrophage infiltration takes place in ovarian components other than the GC compartment; and (ii) transcriptional changes in GCs from homozygous obese ob/ob mice suggest structural rearrangement and organisation, whereas in db/db mice the impairment in steroidogenesis and secretory activity.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Historically, CVD has been under diagnosed and inadequately treated in women related to issues of gender bias, lack of public and medical awareness of its prevalence, and its unique presenting symptomatology. Despite increasing awareness, as well as better diagnostics and treatment, women are still more likely than men to present with advanced disease and experience higher CVD-related morbidity and mortality. Given these facts, prevention of CVD is critical. Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) is a relatively new term for a set of risk factors that, when viewed together, are indicators of overall risk for developing CVD. CMR is useful for assessing, modifying, and ultimately preventing the development of CVD. Prevention of CVD in women may best be achieved by early identification and treatment of evolving CMR. Central or abdominal obesity, reflecting the presence of visceral adipose tissue and evidenced by increased waist circumference, has been shown to be a significant predictor of CVD. In this PNI-based model of CMR and fatigue, abdominal adiposity and fatigue are products of allostatic load. Resulting from cumulative wear and tear, fatigue gives rise to dysregulation of metabolic processes, ultimately resulting in subjective symptomatology and disease risk. Additionally, fatigue often accompanies metabolic changes, potentiating a trajectory of CMR related to decreased physical activity and self-care. Tai chi may enhance relaxation and could potentially reduce CMR. The specific aims of this project are to refine a tai chi intervention using a wait-list pretest-posttest design with repeated measures. Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and identification of potential indicators of effectiveness also will be assessed. Additionally, a PNI-based model of fatigue and CMR will be further refined. The first aim will be analyzed using a mixed effects model. The second specific aim, to refine a PNI-based model of fatigue and CMR, will be examined using descriptive statistics, graphical methods and pairwise correlations and, as a second step, variable reduction methods including factor analysis, principle component analysis and canonical correlation analysis. The project is based on a theoretically and scientifically sound framework to investigate a more comprehensive, sensitive, and innovative model for understanding, measuring, and potentially reducing CMR in women. With further studies, the goal of this line of research is to reduce CMR and perhaps reduce morbidity and mortality related to CVD.
BACKGROUND: Patient adherence to physiotherapy is influenced by a multitude of factors including the characteristics and attitudes of patients and physiotherapists. This study aims to identify typologies of patients with back pain and their physiotherapists and attempts to explain how typologies could influence patient adherence.
METHOD: This study was based on a secondary data analysis from focus group interviews to identify barriers and facilitators for adherence. Transcribed interview data were used for a structured content analysis based on deductive and inductive categorization and coding. The Big-five Personality Traits were applied to build deductive categories about the physiotherapists' and the patients' typologies.
RESULTS: Ten patients with low back pain (6 women) and 11 physiotherapists (5 women) were recruited. The four patient types are based on conscientiousness, high activity level (HAL), internal locus of control (ILC), high adherence level (HADL) (= type 1); neuroticism, HAL, ILC, low adherence level (LADL) (= type 2); extraversion, HADL, external locus of control (ELC), HADL (= type 3); agreeableness, active behavior, ELC, HADL (= type 4). The three physiotherapist types are based on conscientiousness, high adherence influence (HADI), use of guidelines (= type 1); agreeableness, acceptance of requests, low adherence influence (= type 2); neuroticism, HADI, preference for active therapy (= type 3).
CONCLUSION: Awareness of typologies of patients with back pain and their physiotherapists may help to facilitate adherence and subsequently treatment effectiveness. Further quantitative research should aim to validate the correlation between the identified typologies and the adherence level of patients with back pain.
BACKGROUND: Millions of Americans are burdened by overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome and the psychogenic and economic hardships that accompany it. Several theories attempt to explain OAB as a neurogenic dysfunction, myogenic dysfunction, urothelial dysfunction, or decreased expression of a channel protein secondary to bladder outlet obstruction. Given that the etiology of OAB is a working theory, the management of OAB is also an evolving subject matter in medicine. There are uncertainties surrounding the pathophysiology of OAB, the strength of a clinical diagnosis, and accurate reporting because of the disease's stigma and decreased use of health care.
DATA SOURCES: This is a narrative review that used PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and ScienceDirect to review literature on current and future OAB therapies.
RESULTS: Currently, first-line treatment for OAB is behavioral therapy that uses lifestyle modifications, bladder-control techniques, and psychotherapy. Second-line therapy includes antimuscarinic agents or beta 3 adrenergic agonists, and studies have shown that combination therapy with antimuscarinics and beta 3 adrenergic agonists provides even greater efficacy than monotherapy. Third-line therapies discussed include onabotulinumtoxinA, posterior tibial nerve stimulation, and sacral neuromodulation. OnabotulinumtoxinA has been FDA-approved as a nonpharmaceutical treatment option for refractory OAB with minimal side effects restricted to the urinary tract. Posterior tibial nerve modulation and sacral neuromodulation are successful in treating refractory OAB, but the costs and complication rates make them high-risk procedures. Therefore, surgical intervention should be a last resort. Estrogen therapy is effective in alleviating urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women, consistent with the association between estrogen deficiency and genitourinary syndrome. Potassium channel activators, voltage-gated calcium channel blockers, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors look to be promising options for the future of OAB management. As new therapies are developed, individuals with OAB can better personalize their treatment to maximize their quality of life and cost-effective care.
Sepsis, marked by organ dysfunction, necessitates reliable biomarkers. Ribonuclease inhibitor 1 (RNH1), a ribonuclease (RNase) inhibitor, emerged as a potential biomarker for acute kidney injury and mortality in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm patients. Our study investigates RNH1 dynamics in sepsis, its links to mortality and organ dysfunction, and the interplay with RNase 1 and RNase 5. Furthermore, we explore RNH1 as a therapeutic target in sepsis-related processes like inflammation, non-canonical inflammasome activation, and iron homeostasis. We showed that RNH1 levels are significantly higher in deceased patients compared to sepsis survivors and correlate with creatine kinase, aspartate and alanine transaminase, bilirubin, serum creatinine and RNase 5, but not RNase 1. RNH1 mitigated LPS-induced TNFα and RNase 5 secretion, and relative mRNA expression of ferroptosis-associated genes HMOX1, FTH1 and HAMP in PBMCs. Monocytes were identified as the predominant type of LPS-positive PBMCs. Exogenous RNH1 attenuated LPS-induced CASP5 expression, while increasing IL-1β secretion in PBMCs and THP-1 macrophages. As RNH1 has contradictory effects on inflammation and non-canonical inflammasome activation, its use as a therapeutic agent is limited. However, RNH1 levels may play a central role in iron homeostasis during sepsis, supporting our clinical observations. Hence, RNH1 shows promise as biomarkers for renal and hepatic dysfunction and hepatocyte injury, and may be useful in predicting the outcome of septic patients.
The present invention relates to an external medicine for relieving inflammation and alleviating pain and a preparation method thereof, which belongs to prepared medicines. The external medicine for relieving inflammation and alleviating pain is prepared from clematis root, uniflower swisscentaury root, aucklandia root, garden balsam stem, frankincense, myrrh, dragon's blood, Chinese magnoliavine fruit, redroot gromwell root, himalayan teasel root, danshen root and borneol. In the preparation process, the minor ingredients, namely spirit and ethanol, are also added to the external medicine. The therapy of the external medicine of the present invention is the no-wound therapy; the external medicine is applied to the outside of the body, and takes effect inside the body. The external medicine of the present invention can be used for treating traumatic injury, trauma sequelae, old pain, varicose vein, vasculitis, limb joint pain, headache, vertebra pain, lumbar vertebra pain, etc. The present invention has the advantages of economic and reasonable synergy, conspicuous curative effect and high cure rate.
Verapamil hydrochloride is a calcium antagonist or slow-channel inhibitor. Verapamil Hydrochloride Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution containing verapamil hydrochloride 2.5 mg/mL and sodium chloride 8.5 mg/mL in water for injection. The solution contains no bacteriostat or antimicrobial agent and is intended for single-dose intravenous administration. May contain hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment; pH is 4.0 to 6.5.

The chemical name of Verapamil Hydrochloride, USP is benzeneacetonitrile, α-[3-[{2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl} methylamino] propyl]-3,4-dimethoxy-α-(1-methylethyl) hydrochloride. Verapamil hydrochloride is a white or practically white crystalline powder. It is practically odorless and has a bitter taste. It is soluble in water; freely soluble in chloroform; sparingly soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in ether. It has the following structural formula:

Molecular weight: 491.07

Molecular formula: C27H38N2O4 • HCl

Verapamil hydrochloride is not chemically related to other antiarrhythmic drugs.

The plastic syringe is molded from a specially formulated polypropylene. Water permeates from inside the container at an extremely slow rate which will have an insignificant effect on solution concentration over the expected shelf life. Solutions in contact with the plastic container may leach out certain chemical components from the plastic in very small amounts; however, biological testing was supportive of the safety of the syringe material.
This is an open-label study in which all participants know the investigational substance being tested. Participants will be inoculated in the nose with HRV-16 and evaluated for the occurrence of cold symptoms and other indicators. There will be 3 phases: a screening phase, an HRV-16 infection phase, and a follow-up phase. The dose of virus being tested in this study has been previously used in other challenge studies. The total length of participation in the study will be about 4 weeks. Participant safety will be monitored.
Acquired hypoparathyroidism (AH) occurs frequently as a component of type I  autoimmune polyglandular diseases (APS-I) or as a sporadic isolated disease in adults. Whereas autoantibodies to the parathyroid glands have been reported in AH, their very existence remains controversial. We report here the detection of autoantibodies as identified through immunoblotting using sera from AH  patients. The antibodies were specific to parathyroid autoantigens obtained through differential centrifugation of fresh human hypercellular parathyroid glands, obtained shortly after their surgical removal for tertiary hyperparathyroidism in patients with renal failure. Autoantibodies were detected against several parathyroid specific proteins in the 17 AH sera tested. Twelve (70 %) reacted to a protein of 70 kDa, while 16 (94 %) reacted to a protein of 80 kDa, and 3 (18 %) reacted to a protein of 120-140 kDa, respectively. The 70 and 80 kDa proteins were localized to the cytosolic fraction of the parathyroid extract, and the 120-140 kDa protein to the membrane fraction. The autoantibodies were also detectable using a dog parathyroid gland as an antigen source. However, they could not be identified using cultured human melanocytes or in rat pituitary cells as antigen sources.  Sera from 50 patients with various other autoimmune diseases as well as 22 normal controls were also tested, and none reacted with any of the above specific parathyroid proteins. It is concluded that autoantibodies to 3 major autoantigens in the human parathyroid gland extract have been detected in AH  patients. Furthermore, our data indicates that the 120-140 kDa autoantigen is the calcium sensing receptor and that the reactive epitope largely resides in its extracellular domain. These data confirm the autoimmune nature of AH, and the invention provides a method for detecting AH or propensity for AH as well as a method for treating AH.
BACKGROUND: Frailty frequently coexists with hypertension in older patients. We aimed to evaluate the association between frailty and positional change in blood pressure, especially orthostatic hypertension.
METHODS: Participants were recruited from 12 University hospitals in South Korea. Using a digital device, trained research nurses measured blood pressure in the supine and standing positions. Physical frailty was evaluated using the Korean version of the FRAIL questionnaire, gait speed, and handgrip strength. Orthostatic hypertension was defined as a ≥20-mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure within 3 minutes of standing and upright systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg.
RESULTS: We analyzed the data of 2065 participants who had been enrolled until December 31, 2022. The mean age was 73.2±5.6 years, and 52.0% were female. The mean blood pressure was 137.1±14.9/75.1±9.7 mm Hg. Among the participants, 1886 (91.3%) showed normal response after standing, but 94 (4.6%) had orthostatic hypertension, and 85 (4.1%) had orthostatic hypotension. Orthostatic hypertension was associated with female sex, obesity, cognitive function, physical frailty, and lower quality of life. In the multivariable analysis, body mass index and frailty status were independently associated with orthostatic hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS: Orthostatic hypertension is associated with physical frailty, cognitive impairment, and low quality of life in older patients with hypertension. Therefore, evaluation of orthostatic blood pressure changes to confirm orthostatic hypertension or hypotension in frail older adults will serve as an important diagnostic procedure in vulnerable patients. Further studies are required to identify the underlying mechanisms of this association.
General anesthesia is an integral part of modern surgical practice, but it is associated with a number of complications, including neurological ones. This article provides a thorough analysis of these complications, taking into account the most common ones like drug complications, through delirium, postoperative cognitive impairment (POCD), to the rarest ones like perioperative stroke (POS), spinal cord ischemia (SCI), and postoperative visual loss (POVL). Its main goal is to familiarize healthcare professionals, especially those involved in anesthesiology, with the intricacies of neurological complications. Given their specificity and frequency of occurrence, it is well known that the diagnosis and management of these complications can sometimes cause problems for physicians without advanced neurological knowledge. Also, in addition to complex diagnostics, the pathomechanism of non-pharmacological complications is often not fully understood due to their multifactoriality and sometimes paucity of research. For this reason, an increasing amount of work is being done in the medical community to better understand this group of conditions, enabling faster diagnosis and more effective treatment, as well as perioperative prevention. This paper aims to increase awareness and vigilance among physicians across the spectrum of surgical patient care, from premedication to postoperative follow-up. Drawing on the authors' experience and the extensive medical literature, this paper includes 39 selected articles from 1994 to 2023, seeking the latest insights in the constantly evolving field of neurology and anesthesiology. This article aims to review the neurological complications of general anesthesia.