anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In clinical trials, a total of 151 protocol-specified doses ranging from 1000 to 1600 mg/day (5 to 8 times the recommended daily dose of PROVIGIL) have been administered to 32 subjects, including 13 subjects who received doses of 1000 or 1200 mg/day for 7 to 21 consecutive days. In addition, several intentional acute overdoses occurred; the two largest being 4500 mg and 4000 mg taken by two subjects participating in foreign depression studies. None of these study subjects experienced any unexpected or life-threatening effects. Adverse reactions that were reported at these doses included excitation or agitation, insomnia, and slight or moderate elevations in hemodynamic parameters. Other observed high-dose effects in clinical studies have included anxiety, irritability, aggressiveness, confusion, nervousness, tremor, palpitations, sleep disturbances, nausea, diarrhea, and decreased prothrombin time.

From postmarketing experience, there have been reports of fatal overdoses involving modafinil alone or in combination with other drugs. Symptoms most often accompanying PROVIGIL overdose, alone or in combination with other drugs have included insomnia; central nervous system symptoms such as restlessness, disorientation, confusion, agitation, anxiety, excitation, and hallucination; digestive changes such as nausea and diarrhea; and cardiovascular changes such as tachycardia, bradycardia, hypertension, and chest pain.

Cases of accidental ingestion/overdose have been reported in children as young as 11 months of age. The highest reported accidental ingestion on a mg/kg basis occurred in a three-year-old boy who ingested 800-1000 mg (50-63 mg/kg) of PROVIGIL. The child remained stable. The symptoms associated with overdose in children were similar to those observed in adults.

No specific antidote exists for the toxic effects of a PROVIGIL overdose. Such overdoses should be managed with primarily supportive care, including cardiovascular monitoring.
The noted importance of understanding glycemic control is concerning given studies estimating that only 25% of patients understand the hemoglobin A1C value (A1C). The A1C is a blood test value reflecting average blood sugars over the previous 3 months and is used as both a clinical indicator of diabetes control with guideline-set targets and as a communication format to express level of disease control to patients.Past work has demonstrated the potential effectiveness of translating poorly understood medical values, like the A1C, into more universally understood forms. We believe applications can be used to address the problem of the poorly understood A1C. This study is two-phase mixed methods approach. We will design alternative communication formats to convey the information provided by the A1C to patients and evaluate the effectiveness of these formats in improving glycemic control, increasing patient understanding of their diabetes control, and altering patient behaviors. In Phase I of the study,we will use patient feedback from semi-structured interviews with 17-25 patients with diabetes to explore the ways in which patients assess and gauge their diabetes control, as well as to elicit patient feedback on promising communication formats. Potential alternative communication formats include categories represented by color-based scales (red/yellow/green), comparisons to averages or norms, trajectories of control over time and modified medical terminology (i.e., changing the name of the test). In phase II, patients with poorly controlled diabetes will be randomized to receive information on their glycemic control through one of three study arms, A1C (control) or one of two experimental format arms (chosen based on phase I results) and the effects of these different communication formats will be evaluated.
Contrast-induced encephalopathy is a neurological complication related to contrast used in endovascular procedures or computed tomography (CT). The main risk factors are arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease (CKD), hyperosmolar contrasts, the amount of infused contrast and its direct infusion in the posterior cerebral territory, or pathologies with blood-brain barrier damage. Symptomatology is non-specific and may present as altered level of consciousness, neurological focality or seizures. Diagnosis is done by exclusion after ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke has been ruled out; CT or MRI are useful for differentiation. Generally, it appears shortly after exposure and the symptoms lasts 48-72h with complete recovery, although cases with persistence of symptoms or longer duration have been described. Treatment consists of monitoring, supportive measures and kidney replacement therapy (KRT) with hemodialysis (HD) in patients in chronic KRT program. It is important for the nephrologist to be aware of this entity given the susceptibility of the patient on HD as well as its potential therapeutic role in these patients.
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) will recruit adult participants diagnosed with tension-type headaches according to standardized criteria. Eligible individuals will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: The Mulligan mobilization group, the ART group, and the control group. Each group will undergo a specific manual therapy intervention protocol administered by trained therapists. The primary outcome measures will include assessments of pain intensity via VAS, disability levels via Headache disability index (HDI), Stress levels will be assessed by PSS (Perceived Stress Scale), and ROM of the cervical spine by using the Flexion rotation test. Secondary outcomes will encompass patient-reported measures of headache frequency, medication usage, and overall quality of life. Data will be collected at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at follow-up intervals. Statistical analyses will be conducted to assess and compare the effects of the two interventions on the primary and secondary outcomes using ANOVA from SPSS software, thereby addressing the research question regarding their relative efficacy. This study holds the potential to enhance the evidence base for non-pharmacological headache management and guide clinicians and patients toward more effective treatment choices.
Limited data is available on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptoms of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who are in treatment-free remission (TFR). We herein report HRQoL results from the EURO-SKI trial. Patients who had been on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy for at least 3 years and achieved MR4 for at least 1 year were enrolled from 11 European countries, and the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the FACIT-Fatigue questionnaires were used to assess HRQoL and fatigue respectively. Patients were categorized into the following age groups: 18-39, 40-59, 60-69 and ≥70 years. Of 728 patients evaluated at baseline, 686 (94%) completed HRQoL assessments. The median age at TKI discontinuation was 60 years. Our findings indicate that HRQoL and symptom trajectories may vary depending on specific age groups, with younger patients benefiting the most. Improvements in patients aged 60 years or older were marginal across several HRQoL and symptom domains. At the time of considering TKI discontinuation, physicians could inform younger patients that they may expect valuable HRQoL benefits. Considering the marginal improvements observed in patients aged 60 years or above, it may be important to further investigate the value of TFR compared to a lowest effective dose approach in this older group of patients.
Patient Descriptive Information Form, Edmonton Symptom Diagnosis Scale (ESTO), and European Association for Cancer Research and Treatment BR23 Quality of Life Scale (EORTC-QLQ-BR232) will be administered to the Reiki group. Then, under the guidance of a researcher holding a Usui Reiki Master \& Teacher degree, a total of 26 patients in the intervention group will be given a short 30-minute application to energy centers by researchers with a second-degree Reiki practitioner. On the second and on third days, 30 minutes of short Reiki will be done remotely. After 3 days and 10 days after the patients were included in the study, the post-tests will be performed by calling the patients.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a cosmetic composition for sun care having high safety with unobtrusive coated color by combining a specific compound having absorption in the ultraviolet rats region with a specific oil component. SOLUTION: This cosmetic composition contains one or more than two kinds of fullerene and an oil component as a dissolving agent. Fullerene is a giant carbon molecule of a hollow sphere composed of carbon atoms and preferably has a carbon number of 60 (60C) or 70 (70C). Preferably, its mixing amount is 0.001-1wt.%, especially 0.01-0.1wt.% based on the whole weight of the composition. The oil component as a dissolving agent is preferably an ester oil, especially a dicarboxylate expressed by the formula (R<1> to R<3> are each a 1-18C alkyl or alkenyl). Preferably, its mixing amount is >=0.5wt.%, especially 1.0-60wt.% based on the whole weight of the composition. Further, an ultraviolet rays absorber other than the fullerene may be mixed in the system. Furthermore, an ultraviolet rays scattering agent may also be mixed in the system.
The invention provides a medicine combination for treating rheumatoid arthritis, which consists of a pill and a decoction. The pill is prepared from the following Chinese herbal medicines in parts by weight: 90-110 parts of nux vomica, 10-20 parts of radix achyranthis, 10-20 parts of ephedra stem, 10-20 parts of stiff silkworm, 10-20 parts of scorpion powder, 10-20 parts of frankincense powder, 10-20 parts of myrrh, 10-20 parts of gastrodia tuber, 10-20 parts of geranium wilfordii and 10-20 parts of licorice root. The decoction is mainly prepared from the following Chinese herbal medicines in parts by weight: 100-125 parts of geranium wilfordii, 35-45 parts of wild grapevine, 10-25 parts of radix achyranthis, 10-25 parts of pubescent angelica root and 10-25 parts of parasitic loranthus. When the decoction is prepared, 2500g of white wine and 600g of water are added to every 250g of prepared Chinese herbal medicines, the mixture is decocted with wild fire until 1250g of medicine soup is left, and the decoction is obtained. When the pill is prepared, toxin and skin need to be removed from the nux vomica, oil needs to be removed from the scorpion and the frankincence, and the radix achyranthis, the ephedra stem, the stiff silkworm, the myrrh, the gastrodia tuber, the geranium wilfordii and the licorice root are separately fried. The pill is taken with the decoction, and the decoction can be individually orally taken or externally applied. The effective rate for rheumatoid arthritis reaches more than 95%. The medicine combination has the advantages of high curative rate and no relapse after recovery.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a medical image processing apparatus capable of reducing a load on an operator and imaging a subject when received DICOM data includes individual data and a tag not supported to the self apparatus.SOLUTION: A medical image processing apparatus includes a reception unit, a determination unit, a dividing unit, a processing control unit, and a storage processing unit. The reception unit receives first data including at least: a supported tag and individual data to which a supported tag is added: and an unsupported tag and individual data to which an unsupported tag is added. The determination unit determines whether a tag included in the first data is a supported tag or an unsupported tag. The dividing unit divides the first data into second data including a supported tag and individual data to which a supported tag is added and third data. The processing control unit executes data processing by referring to the individual data included in the second data. The storage processing unit generates fourth data by adding second data to the acquired data, and records the fourth data in a first storage part.
We read with great interest the article by Weninger et al. (2023) on the presence of the axillary arch (AA) (of Langer) found during anatomical dissections-"Axillary arch (of Langer): A large-scale dissection and simulation study based on unembalmed cadavers of body donors." The authors performed their study using 400 axillae from 200 unembalmed cadavers; they identified this variant muscle in 27 axillae of 18 cadavers. Weninger et al. (2023) described the muscular AA in 15 cases; AA was composed of connective tissue in six cases, and AA comprised muscular and connective tissue in six cadavers. Moreover, these authors indicated that after passive abduction and lateral rotation of the arm, 17 arches (63%) came into contact with the neurovascular axillary bundle, which is of clinical importance. In our opinion, this is the most precise and detailed AA muscle study in the literature, illustrated with excellent photographs and schemes. Such studies expand the existing data in the literature and are of real help to clinicians. However, we want to present our modest comments about the title of the article and would like to pose the question, "What is the axillary arch (of Langer)?" Weninger et al. (2023) stated that connective or muscular tissue crossing the axilla is termed the AA (of Langer). This structure splits from the latissimus dorsi muscle, crosses the axilla, and joins the anterior part of the upper limb. The first detailed description of this variation was published in 1846 by Karl Langer Ritter von Edenberg (Langer, 1846). Nowadays, a significant number of articles term all muscular and fibromuscular connections between the latissimus dorsi muscle and the anterior part of the upper limb as "Langers AA" (Markou et al., 2023; Sang et al., 2019; Scrimgeour et al., 2020; Taterra et al., 2019). What Langer described in his work "Zur anatomie des musculus latissimus dorsi" was a fibrous thickening of the medial edge of the axillary fascia between the borders of the pectoralis major and the latissimus dorsi muscles, a structure he termed "Achselbogen." In a sequel of this article, Langer investigated muscular fibers inserting at or encircling the connective tissue "Achselbogen" (Langer, 1846). Therefore, in our opinion, in the study of Weninger et al. (2023), the term AA (of Langer) should only be used to describe the cases presenting solely with a connective tissue "arch" or these comprised of both, muscular and connective tissue. Weninger et al. (2023) noted that muscle fibers could not be excluded in these cases. Of course, to answer this question accurately, a histological study of these cases would be necessary.
Background and Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent worldwide. It progresses from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Fibrosis is often present during NAFLD progression; however, factors determining which subjects develop NASH or fibrosis are unclear. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are a family of secreted proteins involved in senescence and scarring, mainly synthetized in the liver. Here, we aimed to study the association of IGFBPs and their induced senescence with the progression of NAFLD and liver fibrosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 16-week-old male C57BL/6 mice weighing 23 ± 3 g were fed either methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) or control diet for 2, 8, or 12 weeks. Blood and liver samples were collected, and a histological assessment of NAFLD and fibrosis was performed. Fat contents were measured. Cellular senescence was evaluated in the liver. IGFBP levels were assessed in the liver and serum. Data were expressed as mean ± SD and analyzed by a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. Lineal regression models were applied for NAFLD and fibrosis progression. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: IGFBP-1 and -2 were increased in serum during NAFLD. IGFBP-7 was significantly increased in the serum in NASH compared with the controls. Senescence increased in NAFLD. Serum and liver IGFBP-7 as well as SA-β-gal activity increased as fibrosis progressed. Both IGFBP-7 and cellular senescence were significantly higher during NAFLD and fibrosis in MCD-fed mice. Conclusions: IGFBP-1, -2, and -7, through their consequent senescence, have a role in the progression of NAFLD and its associated fibrosis, being a plausible determinant in the progression from steatosis to NASH.
Hair restorative compositions useful in repairing damaged hair include at least one hair shaft bonding agent dispersed within an appropriate solvent or carrier, such as water. When applied to damaged hair, the hair shaft bonding agent adsorbs into and bonds to the damaged hair shaft, filling in discontinuities and adhering split ends or loosened cuticle layers back together within the main hair shaft. A wetting agent may be included to facilitate absorption and bonding of the hair shaft bonding agent to hair. A thickening agent may be included to yield a hair restorative composition that is much easier to apply compared to runny compositions having the consistency of water. Λ conditioner may be added to nourish and condition the hair. The inventive hair restorative compositions are able to permanently repair damaged hair, thereby resulting in hair that is stronger, healthier, and more resistant to further damage.
Pregnancy Category D

Risk Summary

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies with fluorouracil in pregnant women. Based on its mechanism of action, fluorouracil can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Administration of fluorouracil to rats and mice during selected periods of organogenesis, at doses lower than a human dose of 12 mg/kg, caused embryolethality and teratogenicity. Malformations included cleft palate and skeletal defects. In monkeys, maternal doses of fluorouracil higher than an approximate human dose of 12 mg/kg resulted in abortion. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, apprise the patient of the potential hazard to a fetus [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)].

  


Animal Data

Malformations including cleft palate, skeletal defects and deformed appendages (paws and tails) were observed when fluorouracil was administered by intraperitoneal injection to mice at doses at or above 10 mg/kg (approximately 0.06 times a human dose of 12 mg/kg on a mg/m2 basis) for 4 days during the period of organogenesis. Similar results were observed in hamsters administered fluorouracil intramuscularly at doses lower than those administered in commonly used clinical treatment regimens. In rats, administration of fluorouracil by intraperitoneal injection at doses greater than 15 mg/kg (approximately 0.2 times a human dose of 12 mg/kg on a mg/m2 basis) for a single day during organogenesis resulted in delays in growth and malformations including microanophthalmos. In monkeys, administration of fluorouracil during organogenesis at doses approximately equal to a human dose of 12 mg/kg on a mg/m2 basis resulted in abortion; at a 50% lower dose, resorptions and decreased fetal body weights were reported.
The invention relates to a Chinese herbal preparation for treating ascitic-type liver cancer. The novelty of the Chinese herbal preparation is that hereditary secret formula originally consists of six Chinese herbs by percentages for treating liver cancer, especially the ascetic-type liver cancer: 19-21% of Japanese ginseng, 19-21% of senna, 19-21% of inula herb, 14-16% of thinleaf buckthorn root, 14-16% of manchurian dutchmanspipe, and 9-11% of euphoribia neriifolia (stamen). The practicality of the Chinese herbal preparation is that the Japanese ginseng contains chikusetsu saponin, and aglucone is oleanolic acid; the senna contains aloe emodin and tannin; the inula herb contains britanin and inulicin; the thinleaf buckthorn root contains 1-O-methyl-inositol; the manchurian dutchmanspipe contains aristolochic acid, the oleanolic acid and hederagenin; and the euphoribia neriifolia contains gallic acid. Tests prove that the pharmacology of a drug extracted from the secret formula inhibits the growth of rat ascetic-type liver cancer, mice S-37 and S-AK which have intraperitoneal injection for a plurality of times. The rats are injected with 5mg/kg of the Chinese herbal preparation into abdominal cavities per day or orally administered 10mg/kg of the Chinese herbal preparation for 30 days, but no death case happens. Conclusion is that the secrete formula of the Chinese herbal preparation contains a key anti-cancer component aristolochic acid, and the Chinese herbal preparation is administered after being made into a concentrate according to the percentage of the secrete formula or a decoction form according to the weight gram. Creativity is that 10 cases with the ascetic-type liver cancer are treated clinically, wherein, oral decoction cures 2 cases, oral concentrate cures 6 cases, effective case is one and ineffective case is one, so that the total effective rate is up to 85% and the curative ratio is up to 65%.
Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for the dynamic creation of a clinical form. The method comprises acquiring a list of available clinical elements models. In an embodiment, a set of parameters is acquired for each clinical element model. A visual representation associated with each clinical element model based on the set of parameters is acquired. The behavior rules based on the visual representation associated with the clinical element models is acquired. The set of behavior rules is associated with the visual representation of the clinical element models to create a set of clinical form elements. One or more clinical form elements may be added to a form. Such a system and method may allow a user to dynamically create clinical forms.
Consideration of how applicable the results of surgical trials are to clinical practice is important to inform decision-making. Randomized controlled trials comparing at least two surgical interventions (of gastric bypass, gastric band, and sleeve gastrectomy) for severe and complex obesity were examined using the PRagmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary-2 tool, to consider how applicable the trial results are to clinical practice, and the Risk of Bias 2 tool, to examine validity. MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases were searched for studies published between November 2013 and June 2021, and 15 were identified. Using the PRagmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary-2 tool, three were classified as pragmatic, with good applicability to clinical practice. Ten had more explanatory domains but did include some pragmatic characteristics, and two were predominantly explanatory. This was due to some trial design features that would not be considered applicable to the wider clinical setting, including being single-centered, having prescribed intervention delivery methods, and intensive follow-up regimens. Only two trials had low risk of bias, of which one was considered pragmatic. Three had high risk of bias. Overall, few trials in bariatric surgery are pragmatic with low risk of bias. Well-designed pragmatic trials are needed to inform practice and reduce research waste.