anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: The causes for the variable susceptibility of renal clearance (CLr) and bioavailability (F) of drugs in renal impairment are still unknown. We investigated whether the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on non-renal clearance (CLnr) or F can be appraised when drug administration is by the oral route only in dedicated renal impairment studies (DRIS), as is routinely done when developing drugs intended for oral use.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search on DRIS administering drugs orally only or orally and intravenously was conducted. Seven drugs administered orally only with notable CLnr and 2 drugs administered by the oral and intravenous routes with negligible CLnr were identified. Regressions of oral clearance (CL/F), normalized by absolute bioavailability in healthy subjects (F1), on CLr were performed for the drugs with notable non-renal elimination to determine the impact of CKD on CLnr. Regressions of CL/F and CL on CLr were conducted for the drugs with negligible CLnr to determine F.
RESULTS: Excessive variability in CL/F and CLr precluded evaluation of CLnr for 1 drug with notable CLnr and F1 < 0.01. A categorization based on the susceptibility of CLnr to CKD appeared possible for the 6 drugs with notable non-renal elimination if the parameters of the F1 normalized regressions of CL/F on CLr are taken at face value, i.e., if equality of F and F1 is assumed. However, the true relationship between F and F1 in subjects with varying renal function is unknowable for drugs with significant CLnr when administered orally only. F of drugs with significant CLnr may be altered by a reduced activity of uptake-transporters and/or enzymes so that in renal impaired subjects both absorption and first pass metabolism of intact drug may be reduced relative to healthy subjects, making it impossible to predict whether F in the former or latter population is greater. Bioavailability of drugs with negligible CLnr may depend primarily on the integrity of uptake-transporters so that F in healthy subjects is expected to be greater than in renal impaired subjects. Apparently accurate estimates of F for drugs with negligible CLnr may be obtained from DRIS with oral administration by using the reciprocal of the slope of the regressions.
CONCLUSION: A reliable assessment of the impact of CKD on CLnr for drugs with significant non-renal elimination requires information after oral and intravenous administration in the same DRIS study. However, apparently accurate estimates of F for drugs with negligible non-renal elimination may be obtained in DRIS with oral drug administration only, but validation of the proposed method with other drugs exhibiting negligible non-renal elimination and variable F1 is required.
PURPOSE:To provide a cosmetic having low opacity and excellent transparency, by using titanium oxide fine powder having specific particle diameter and surface-treated with a metallic soap, as a component. CONSTITUTION:Fine powder of titanium oxide having the maximum particle diameter of <=0.07mu and average particle diameter of 10-40mmu, is surface- treated with a metallic soap of formula (RCOO)nM (R is >=6C aliphatic or cyclic  hydrocarbon group; M is metal other than alkali metal; n is valence of the  metal) and having high dispersibility, lubricity, flexibility, adhesivity, and stability, e.g. aluminum stearate, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, zinc palmitate,  etc. The objective cosmetic contains the treated titanium oxide in an amount of  >=1%, and preferably <=20%. The ratio of the titanium oxide fine powder to the  metallic soap is preferably 95:5-75:25. The cosmetic is preferably used as an anti-suntan cosmetic.
Diseases affecting the motor unit--which is composed of the motor neuron, its myelin sheath and its innervated muscle fibers--are a diverse, heterogeneous group having heterogeneous clinical presentations and genetic causes. Many of these disorders have a inherited component. In some cases, the genetics underlying a given neuromuscular/motor neuron disease, like spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) or Duchenne muscular dystrophy, are well characterized. There are, however, disorders whose genetic basis has yet to be determined or genetically characterized diseases which harbor novel mutations. The purpose of this genetic registry is to catalogue early-onset motor neuron and neuromuscular disorders and to determine their genetic bases. With samples obtained from this registry, the investigators will be able to provide a genetic diagnosis for a specific neuromuscular/motor neuron disease which will lead to better care for those patients affected by these diseases.

Many of these disorders have a wide spectrum of phenotypic variability. For example, the severity of SMA is quite variable even though it is caused by the loss of a single gene, i.e. survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1). The number of copies of the duplicated gene survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) dictates phenotypic severity in SMA. In this study, the research team will also identify potential modifiers of phenotypic severity for specific disorders like SMA and Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. With the identification of novel modifier genes, the investigators will be able to more accurately predict disease outcomes and the investigators will also have novel targets for the development of therapeutic agents for these diseases.
After cardiac catheterization, the study protocol will begin with 12.5µg/kg of adenosine (one eighth the recommended starting clinical dose), and will double to 25µg/kg, 50µg/kg, 100µg/kg and finally 200µg/kg (not to surpass the total maximum dose of 12mg). A pacing catheter will be placed within the right ventricle prior to medication administration. Escalating doses will stop if ventricular pacing is required due to a ventricular pause greater than 12 seconds or if atrioventricular block is demonstrated with a ventricular pause less than 12 seconds. If there is no prolonged pause requiring pacing and no demonstration of medication effect the subsequent dose will be given.
The intervention is a mobile app delivered sexual health promotion program designed specifically for young black men who have sex with men or who are attracted to men. The mobile app includes 36 interactive activities including resource maps, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) content, and an asynchronous communication forum. The app helps participants to become clearer about what they do/don't want to do sexually, to communicate their choices. It also focuses on ways to increase healthy relationships, enhance sexual experience if having sex while reducing HIV/STI risk.
LC BeadTM is a new product specifically designed for TACE. LC BeadTM microspheres can be loaded with doxorubicin (Trade name: adriamycin), a chemotherapeutic anthracycline glycolide agent widely accepted for treatment of HCC. This novel bead slowly releases the ionically bound chemotherapeutic agent rather than administering a bolus of chemotherapy as is the case with many alternative methods of TACE. Thus, the LC BeadTM offers the potential advantage of less toxicity and prolonged tumor exposure.

This study offers local regional therapy to a defined population of patients beyond transplant criteria as an attempt to downstage them to eligibility for liver transplantation. This study will make an important contribution to understanding the beads' local effect as seen in the explanted livers of those patients who go on to receive a liver transplant. Additionally, we will examine the impact of this novel treatment tool on patients' quality of life.
Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) have genetic associations with kidney function. Univariate genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), two complementary kidney function markers. However, it is unknown whether additional SNPs for kidney function can be identified by multivariate statistical analysis. To address this, we applied canonical correlation analysis (CCA), a multivariate method, to two individual-level CKD genotype datasets, and metaCCA to two published GWAS summary statistics datasets. We identified SNPs previously associated with kidney function by published univariate GWASs with high replication rates, validating the metaCCA method. We then extended discovery and identified previously unreported lead SNPs for both kidney function markers, jointly. These showed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) colocalisation with genes having significant differential expression between CKD and healthy individuals. Several of these identified lead missense SNPs were predicted to have a functional impact, including in SLC14A2. We also identified previously unreported lead SNPs that showed significant correlation with both kidney function markers, jointly, in the European ancestry CKDGen, National Unified Renal Translational Research Enterprise (NURTuRE)-CKD and Salford Kidney Study (SKS) datasets. Of these, rs3094060 colocalised with FLOT1 gene expression and was significantly more common in CKD cases in both NURTURE-CKD and SKS, than in the general population. Overall, by using multivariate analysis by CCA, we identified additional SNPs and genes for both kidney function and CKD, that can be prioritised for further CKD analyses.
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is a key event in the development of liver fibrosis, and blockage of the activation of HSCs has been shown to alleviate liver fibrosis. Sophoridine, a bioactive alkaloid found in many Chinese herbs, exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, but its activities are not strong. In this study, a series of structurally modified derivatives of sophoridine were designed and synthesized. Among them, sophoridine α-aryl propionamide derivative ZM600 displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the activation of HSCs. The in vivo experiment demonstrated that ZM600 markedly ameliorated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis with a significant improvement of extracellular matrix deposition. Mechanism investigations revealed that ZM600 specifically inhibited the activation of NF-κB, PI-3K/AKT, and TGF-β/Smads signaling pathways. These results suggest that ZM600 has a protective effect on liver fibrosis, which provides a new candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
A method of treating neurotransmitter dysfunction in a patient. The method includes the step of administering an amino acid precursor of a catecholamine in a balanced and effective therapeutic range. The catecholamine precursor is preferably L-dopa, but may alternatively be tyrosine, D,L-Phenylalanine or an active isomer thereof, and N-acetyl-L-tyrosine or other amino acid precursor of L-dopa. An amino acid precursor of serotonin in an effective therapeutic range, is also administered. The serotonin precursor is preferably 5-HTP, but may alternatively be tryptophan. At least one cofactor is also preferably administered. Cofactor options include Vitamin B6, Vitamin C, Calcium, Folate, and Cysteine. A method of periodic administration and patient checking is also disclosed.
The prevalence of chronic low back pain (CLBP) is increasing with age and the prevalence of sedentary lifestyle. According to guidelines, non-pharmacological approaches such as exercise and physical therapy have been proposed in first line treatments along with psychological follow-up and pain medication if needed. The physiotherapy, used in a comprehensive CLBP rehabilitation program, aims to decrease chronic pain and promotes proprioceptive and postural work, as well as spinal mobility, flexibility and muscle strengthening of the spinal area. Isokinetic concentric strength assessment at 60 and 120˚/s is one of the most commonly used criteria to examine the trunk flexors and extensors muscles strength. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate the effectiveness of an intensive care program with HUBER platform on the spine flexion-to-extension ratio at 60 and 120˚/s measured by Cybex, pain and trunk flexibility in individuals with non-specific CLBP. A total of 70 individuals with CLBP will be randomised into 2 intervention arms (1:1 ratio) that will be blindly evaluated: 1/ standard rehabilitation group and 2/ HUBER rehabilitation group. Both programs are centre-based and will last 6 weeks, with 4 sessions of 2 hours each per week. All the sessions will be supervised by a physiotherapist and will include 1h of physiotherapy, 30min of balneotherapy and 30min of exercise on cycloergometer for the standard rehabilitation group or 30min of exercise on the HUBER platform for the HUBER group. All patients included will benefit from medical monitoring, evaluations and the rehabilitation program set up at the Clinique de Tréboul, Douarnenez, France.
The role of tumor cell-host stromal interaction and stromal-specific growth factors in prostate cancer growth, progression and metastasis to the axial skeleton were investigated. A bone and prostate-derived growth factor (BPGF-1) was identified and cloned from an expression cDNA library prepared from human bone stromal cells. The cloned BPGF-1 cDNA comprised 3171 nucleotides with a single open reading frame of 1620 nucleotides. The BPGF-1 encodes two transcripts (3.3 and 2.5 kb) with approximately equal intensity. Polyclonal antibodies generated from the synthetic peptides that correspond to the nucleotide sequences of the cloned BPGF-1 cDNA reacted with a single putative BPGF-1 protein with an apparent molecular weight of 70 kDa. Southern blot analysis of human genomic DNA revealed that there is a single copy of BPGF-1 gene of 15 kb in size within BamHI sites. The cDNA for BPGF-1 encodes a protein that stimulates the proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells. The BPGF-1 gene is expressed predominantly in bone, prostate and seminal vesicles, with substantially higher expression in the bone than that of the prostate and seminal vesicles.
Pegaspargase is a conjugate of monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) and L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase), an asparagine specific enzyme. L-asparaginase is a tetrameric enzyme that is produced endogenously by E. coli and consists of identical 34.5 kDa subunits. Approximately 69 to 82 molecules of mPEG are linked to L-asparaginase; the molecular weight of each mPEG molecule is about 5 kDa. ONCASPAR activity is expressed in International Units.

ONCASPAR (pegaspargase) injection is supplied as a clear, colorless, preservative-free, isotonic sterile solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.3, for intramuscular use or for dilution prior to intravenous infusion. Each vial of ONCASPAR contains 3,750 International Units of pegaspargase in 5 mL of solution. Each milliliter contains 750 International Units of pegaspargase, dibasic sodium phosphate, USP (5.58 mg), monobasic sodium phosphate, USP (1.20 mg), and Sodium Chloride, USP (8.50 mg) in Water for Injection, USP.
Tilia™ Fe is indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect to use oral contraceptives as a method of contraception.

Tilia™ Fe is indicated for the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris in females, ≥15 years of age, who have no known contraindications to oral contraceptive therapy, desire oral contraception, have achieved menarche, and are unresponsive to topical anti-acne medications. Tilia™ Fe should be used for the treatment of acne only if the patient desires an oral contraceptive for birth control and plans to stay on it for at least 6 months.

Oral contraceptives are highly effective for pregnancy prevention. Table 2 lists the typical accidental pregnancy rates for users of combination oral contraceptives and other methods of contraception. The efficacy of these contraceptive methods, except sterilization, depends upon the reliability with which they are used. Correct and consistent use of methods can result in lower failure rates.

Norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets were evaluated for the treatment of acne vulgaris in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, Phase 3, six (28 day) cycle studies. A total of 295 patients received norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets and 296 received placebo. Mean age at enrollment for both groups was 24 years. At six months each study demonstrated a statistically significant difference between norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets and placebo for mean change from baseline in lesion counts (see Table 3 and Figure 2). Each study also demonstrated overall treatment success in the investigator’s global evaluation. Patients with severe androgen excess were not studied.

Norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets users who started with about 74 acne lesions had about 42 lesions after 6 months of treatment. Placebo users who started with about 72 acne lesions had about 49 lesions after the same duration of treatment.
PURPOSE: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to the resection cavity is essential in the treatment of brain metastasis (BM) amenable to surgical resection. The two most common platforms for SRS delivery include Gamma Knife (GK) and LINAC. Here we collated the available peer-reviewed literature and performed a meta-analysis on clinical outcomes after GK or LINAC resection cavity SRS.
METHODS: Following PRISMA Guidelines, a search on PUBMED and MEDLINE was performed to include all studies evaluating each post-operative SRS modality. Local control, overall survival, radiation necrosis, and leptomeningeal disease were evaluated from the available data. A proportional meta-analysis was performed via R using the metafor package to pool the outcomes of studies and a moderator effect to assess the significance between groups.
RESULTS: We identified 21 GK studies (n = 2009) and 28 LINAC studies (n = 2219). The radiosurgery doses employed were comparable between GK and LINAC studies. The pooled estimate of 1-year local control, 1-year overall survival, and risk of leptomeningeal disease were statistically comparable between GK and LINAC (81.7 v 85.8%; 61.4 v 62.7%; 10.6 v 12.5%, respectively). However, the risk of radiation necrosis (RN) was higher for LINAC resection cavity SRS (5.4% vs. 10%, p = 0.036). The volume of the resection cavity was a significant modifying factor for RN in both modalities (p = 0.007) with a 0.5% and 0.7% increase in RN risk with every 1 cm3 increase in tumor volume for GK and LINAC, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggests that GK and LINAC SRS of resection cavity achieve comparable 1-year local control and survival. However, resection cavity treated with GK SRS was associated with lowered RN risk relative to those treated with LINAC SRS.
The robotic-assisted resection of endometriosis will be performed using the da Vinci Surgical System Si (Intuitive Surgical) using up to five ports as needed. An umbilical port will be placed for the laparoscope (10/12 mm), a 5-mm port for the assistant, and two to three ports (5/8 mm) for the robotic arms.
At the beginning of the study, the demographic characteristics of the study participants are recorded in detail, including sex, age, history of smoking, alcohol consumption, presence of bad breath and GI symptoms. The patients who are randomized into MAXPOWER Biological Antibacterial Liquid group receive MAXPOWER Biological Antibacterial Liquid gargle treatment (Gargle 3 times a day for 2 min each time for 7 days) Then, all patients were retested for oral H. pylori using H. pylori saliva test.
1,241,336. Hair waving. FMC CORP. 14 Oct., 1968 [19 Dec., 1967], No. 48505/68. Heading D1P. Hair is permanently waved by arranging it in a desired configuration, applying thereto a reducing agent for keratin and then treating the hair with a neutralizer solution comprising an aqueous solution containing ammonium peroxydiphosphate or an alkali metal peroxydiphosphate, preferably sodium or potassium peroxydiphosphate, and having a maximum pH of 9.2. The hair may be wrapped in a desired configuration around mandrels and treated with the reducing agent which is preferably an aqueous solution of ammonium thioglycolate having a pH of about 9 at ambient temperatures and which is preferably left in contact with the hair for 5-15 minutes. The hair may be then rinsed and treated with the neutralizer solution preferably at 10-38C for up to 15 minutes. The neutralizer solution which may contain 2- 10% by weight of the ammonium or alkali metal peroxydiphosphate may also contain hydrochloric acid, buffers, e.g. citric acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wetting agents, e.g. octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol, sodium buryl sulphate and sodium octyl naphthalene sulphonate, thickening agents e.g. agar and hydroxy alkyl celluloses in which the alkyl group contains 1-6 carbon atoms, antidandruff agents, e.g. cetyltrimethyl ammonium sulphate, and other neutralizers, e.g. hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate or sodium bromate.
BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases can be controlled and managed by reducing their associated metabolic risk factors. In this study, a set of intervention packages were designed to reduce the prevalence of three common metabolic risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity and overweight) in the community by motivating non-physician health workers.
METHODS: A field trial study was conducted in 4 districts of Iran. Thirty-two community health centers were randomly selected. A survey of 30 to 70-year-old was conducted to measure baseline metabolic risk factors. The intervention packages focused on improving hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity and overweight. The interventions included goal-setting, evidence-based education, operational planning, and incentive payments for non-physician health workers. A second survey to measure the final metabolic risk factors was performed after one year. The difference-in-difference method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention packages.
RESULTS: The average age of participants in both surveys was 49 years. The interventions had statistically significant effects only on decreasing the prevalence of overweight and obesity. The package with all the interventions except pay-for-performance decreased the odds of overweight and obesity to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.95).
CONCLUSIONS: Involving non-physician health workers and having action plans based on the health needs of the covered population can decrease obesity and overweight in the community. However, longer trials are needed to observe the effects on hypertension and hyperlipidemia.