anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Rationale: The prevalence and diagnostic utility of bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) in a real-life setting is unclear. Objective: To explore this uncertainty in patients aged ⩾12 years with physician-assigned diagnoses of asthma, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or COPD in NOVELTY, a prospective cohort study in primary and secondary care in 18 countries. Methods: The proportion of patients with a positive BDR test in each diagnostic category was calculated using 2005 (ΔFEV1 or ΔFVC ⩾12% and ⩾200 ml) and 2021 (ΔFEV1 or ΔFVC >10% predicted) European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society criteria. Measurements and Main Results: We studied 3,519 patients with a physician-assigned diagnosis of asthma, 833 with a diagnosis of asthma + COPD, and 2,436 with a diagnosis of COPD. The prevalence of BDR was 19.7% (asthma), 29.6% (asthma + COPD), and 24.7% (COPD) using 2005 criteria and 18.1%, 23.3%, and 18.0%, respectively, using 2021 criteria. Using 2021 criteria in patients diagnosed with asthma, BDR was associated with higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide; lower lung function; higher symptom burden; more frequent hospital admissions; and greater use of triple therapy, oral corticosteroids, or biologics. In patients diagnosed with COPD, BDR (2021) was associated with lower lung function and higher symptom burden. Conclusions: BDR prevalence in patients with chronic airway diseases receiving treatment ranges from 18% to 30%, being modestly lower with the 2021 than with the 2005 European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society criteria, and it is associated with lower lung function and greater symptom burden. These observations question the validity of BDR as a key diagnostic tool for asthma managed in clinical practice or as a standard inclusion criterion for clinical trials of asthma and instead suggest that BDR be considered a treatable trait for chronic airway disease.
Chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), mainly Cisplatin-based combinations, provides a measurable but modest survival benefit for selected patients with advanced disease. Advanced NSCLC remains largely fatal, with the positive impact of chemotherapy limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance, manifested clinically by early progression and transient responses. Current chemotherapy regimens have limited efficacy with a magnitude of survival benefit that is still modest, and lead to significant toxicity, with many patients unable to receive this kind of treatment, even in first line setting. There is, therefore, a great need to provide patients with less toxic agents such as the novel targeted therapies, with the potential to improve the efficacy and maintain a good quality of life. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, has shown benefit as single agent in pretreated patients with similar or lesser toxicity compared to chemotherapy. The current project is a phase II trial that will include 46 patients with advanced NSCLC and without prior chemotherapy. An early tumor assessment (after 6 weeks of therapy) will be performed, combined with regular clinical and symptom assessment to allow for rapid and appropriate management of non-responding patients, with cross over to another therapy as per the investigator and patient choice. The primary objective is efficacy of bortezomib as determined by the rate of no progression at 6 weeks. Secondary objectives are efficacy of bortezomib as determined by objective response rate (incidence of CR and PR), disease control rate (CR, PR and stabilization), duration of disease control, duration of objective response, progression-free survival,overall survival, safety of bortezomib, rate of doublet therapy in second line.
Testosterone Enanthate Injection, USP is indicated for replacement therapy in conditions associated with a deficiency or absence of endogenous testosterone. 

Primary hypogonadism (congenital or acquired) – Testicular failure due to cryptorchidism, bilateral torsion, orchitis, vanishing testis syndrome, or orchidectomy.

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (congenital or acquired) – Gonadotropin or luteinizing hormone‑releasing hormone (LHRH) deficiency, or pituitary-hypothalamic injury from tumors, trauma, or radiation. (Appropriate adrenal cortical and thyroid hormone replacement therapy are still necessary, however, and are actually of primary importance.)

If the above conditions occur prior to puberty, androgen replacement therapy will be needed during the adolescent years for development of secondary sexual characteristics. Prolonged androgen treatment will be required to maintain sexual characteristics in these and other males who develop testosterone deficiency after puberty.

Safety and efficacy of Testosterone Enanthate Injection, USP in men with age-related hypogonadism have not been established.

Delayed puberty – Testosterone Enanthate Injection, USP may be used to stimulate puberty in carefully selected males with clearly delayed puberty. These patients usually have a familial pattern of delayed puberty that is not secondary to a pathological disorder; puberty is expected to occur spontaneously at a relatively late date. Brief treatment with conservative doses may occasionally be justified in these patients if they do not respond to psychological support. The potential adverse effect on bone maturation should be discussed with the patient and parents prior to androgen administration. An X-ray of the hand and wrist to determine bone age should be obtained every six months to assess the effect of treatment on the epiphyseal centers (see WARNINGS).
PURPOSE: To easily obtain at low cost a low-molecular weight and orally administrable water-soluble kraft lignin having anti-AIDS virus activity and immunoactivating action by purifying kraft lignin obtained from the waste liquor resulted from kraft pulp production process followed by carboxymethylating the kraft lignin. CONSTITUTION: This water-soluble kraft lignin 0.4 in carboxymethyl substitution degree is obtained by purifying kraft lignin obtained by spray drying of a black liquor discharged during kraft pulp production process followed by carboxymethylation of the purified kraft lignin. Specifically, for example, isolated kraft lignin on the market is dissolved in 10 times (vol/vol) of 90% dioxane and the resultant impurity precipitate is filtered off;  the filtrate is then dripped into 10 times (vol/vol) of diethyl ether under vigorous agitation to precipitate purified kraft lignin which is then washed and dried, and one pt.wt. of the purified product is dissolved in 20 pts.wt. of 2mol sodium hydroxide, and one pt.wt. of solid monochloroacetlc acid is added to the resultant solution to conduct a reaction 55 deg.C followed by neutralizing the reaction liquor with hydrochloric acid, thus obtaining the objective water-soluble kraft lignin.
After randomization, participants continued intravenous inpatient antibiotic with cefepime 150 mg/kg/day according to local standard of care guidelines. Subjects were evaluated daily. All patients underwent a blood count every 48 to 72 hours. FN event resolution was defined as when the patient remained afebrile and the ANC increased to above 500 per microliter. If fever resumed, treatment was changed according to clinical guidelines. Resolution of the FN event was defined as the end of participation of the subjects in the study, and they were followed up for an additional 72 hours.
In Group Control, Degree of nausea and Abramowitz Emezis score were evaluated as the interventions in recovery room. If patients with moderate and severe nausea were given 4 mg ondansetron intravenously. If PONV continues, we planned to give dexamethasone 4 mg and propofol 10 mg intravenously, respectively.
Movement-related behaviors (physical activity [PA], sedentary behavior [SB], and sleep) and diet interact with each other and play important roles in health indicators in youth. This systematic review aimed to investigate how PA, SB, sleep, and diet cluster in youth by biological sex; and to examine which cluster are associated with health indicators. This study was registered in PROSPERO (number: CRD42018094826). Five electronic databases were assessed. Eligibility criteria allowed studies that included youth (aged 19 years and younger), and only the four behaviors {PA, SB, sleep, and diet (ultra-processed foods [UPF]; fruits and vegetables [FV])} analyzed by applying data-based cluster procedures. From 12,719 articles screened; 23 were included. Of these, four investigated children, and ten identified clusters by biological sex. Sixty-six mixed cluster were identified including, 34 in mixed-sex samples, 10 in boys and 11 in girls. The most frequent clusters in mixed-sex samples were "High SB UPF Low Sleep", "Low PA High SB Satisfactory Sleep", and "High PA". The main difference in profiles according to sex was that girls' clusters were characterized by high sleep duration, whereas boys' clusters by high PA. There were a few associations found between cluster types and health indicators, highlighting that youth assigned to cluster types with low PA exhibited higher adiposity. In conclusion, the youth presented a range of clusters of behaviors, typically exhibiting at least one unhealthy behavior. Similar patterns were observed in both sexes with the biggest difference in time of sleep for girls and PA for boys. These findings underscore the importance of intervention strategies targeting multiple behaviors simultaneously to enhance health risk profiles and indicators in children and adolescents.
Systems and methods are disclosed for question generation to obtain more related medical information based on observed symptoms from a patient. In embodiments, possible diseases associated with the observed symptoms are generated by querying a knowledge graph. In embodiments, candidate symptoms associated with the possible diseases are also identified and are combined with the observed symptoms to obtain combined symptom sets. In embodiments, discriminative scores for the candidate symptom sets are determined and candidate symptoms with top discriminative scores are selected. In embodiments, these selected candidate symptoms may be checked for conflicts with observed symptoms and removed from further consideration if a conflict exists. In embodiments, one or more questions may be generated based on the remaining selected candidate systems to aid in collecting information about the patient. In embodiments, the process may be repeated with the updated observed symptoms.
INTRODUCTION: Recombinant factor IX (rFIX) and recombinant FIX Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc) are standard half-life and extended half-life FIX replacement therapies, respectively, and represent established treatment options indicated for adults and children with haemophilia B. These FIX replacement therapies can be administered as prophylaxis (to prevent bleeding) or 'on-demand' (to stop bleeding). This analysis aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of once-weekly prophylaxis with rFIXFc versus on-demand treatment with rFIX in patients with haemophilia B without inhibitors in the Italian healthcare setting.
METHODS: A Markov model was developed to assess a hypothetical cohort of adolescent or adult male patients (≥ 12 years) with haemophilia B (FIX level of ≤ 2 IU/dL) without inhibitors. Model inputs were derived from the pivotal phase 3 clinical studies for rFIXFc and rFIX, published literature and assumptions when published data were unavailable. The model employed a lifelong time horizon with 6-monthly transitions between health states, and it estimated total costs, total quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), number of bleeds, number of surgeries and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.
RESULTS: rFIXFc prophylaxis was associated with lower total costs per patient (€5,308,625 versus €6,564,510) and greater total QALYs per patient (15.936 versus 11.943) compared with rFIX on-demand; rFIXFc prophylaxis was therefore the dominant treatment strategy. The model also demonstrated that rFIXFc prophylaxis was associated with fewer incremental bleeds (- 682.29) and surgeries (- 0.39) compared with rFIX on-demand.
CONCLUSIONS: rFIXFc prophylaxis provides improved health outcomes and lower costs, and represents a cost-effective treatment option compared with rFIX on-demand for adolescent and adult male patients with haemophilia B. This comparative assessment of cost-effectiveness should help to inform both clinicians and healthcare policy makers when making treatment decisions for patients with haemophilia B.
Narrative Enhanced Risk Tool (NERT): Participants assigned to this arm will receive the PRT described above but will also be instructed to watch one or more narrative videos. This video intervention will include a brief narrative video of an individuals' cautionary tale related to prolonged opioid use. Narrative videos are developed from actual patient stories - put into a in a structured format of \~ 2-minute length and recorded.
Pregabalin is well absorbed after oral administration, is eliminated largely by renal excretion, and has an elimination half-life of about 6 hours.

###  Absorption and Distribution 

Following oral administration of pregabalin capsules under fasting conditions, peak plasma concentrations occur within 1.5 hours. Pregabalin oral bioavailability is greater than or equal to 90% and is independent of dose. Following single- (25 to 300 mg) and multiple-dose (75 to 900 mg/day) administration, maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) values increase linearly. Following repeated administration, steady state is achieved within 24 to 48 hours. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics can be predicted from single-dose data. 

The rate of pregabalin absorption is decreased when given with food, resulting in a decrease in Cmax of approximately 25% to 30% and an increase in Tmax to approximately 3 hours. However, administration of pregabalin with food has no clinically relevant effect on the total absorption of pregabalin. Therefore, pregabalin can be taken with or without food. 

Pregabalin does not bind to plasma proteins. The apparent volume of distribution of pregabalin following oral administration is approximately 0.5 L/kg. Pregabalin is a substrate for system L transporter which is responsible for the transport of large amino acids across the blood brain barrier. Although there are no data in humans, pregabalin has been shown to cross the blood brain barrier in mice, rats, and monkeys. In addition, pregabalin has been shown to cross the placenta in rats and is present in the milk of lactating rats.

###  Metabolism and Elimination

Pregabalin undergoes negligible metabolism in humans. Following a dose of radiolabeled pregabalin, approximately 90% of the administered dose was recovered in the urine as unchanged pregabalin. The N-methylated derivative of pregabalin, the major metabolite of pregabalin found in urine, accounted for 0.9% of the dose. In preclinical studies, pregabalin (S- enantiomer) did not undergo racemization to the R-enantiomer in mice, rats, rabbits, or monkeys. 

Pregabalin is eliminated from the systemic circulation primarily by renal excretion as unchanged drug with a mean elimination half-life of 6.3 hours in subjects with normal renal function. Mean renal clearance was estimated to be 67 to 80.9 mL/min in young healthy subjects. Because pregabalin is not bound to plasma proteins this clearance rate indicates that renal tubular reabsorption is involved. Pregabalin elimination is nearly proportional to creatinine clearance (CLcr) [see Dosage and Administration (2.7)].
In part B, Patients undergo a blood draw (up to150 mL) and the PBMC's are separated and selected or 99mTc-HMPAO labeling. The purified and labelled cells will be re-introduced into the patient by intravenous infusion and one SPECT scan and up to 8 serial planar scintigraphy scans will initially be conducted over up to 6 hours within 1 scan session. All suitable patients showing evidence of cellular uptake in the ileo-caecal region and/or small bowel at Visit 1 will be progressed to an identical second cell labeling and scanning session at Visit 2 (48 hours later). Subjects showing no evidence of cellular uptake in the ileo-caecal region or small bowel at Visit 1 (negative scan) will be withdrawn from the study and proceed to the follow-up.
The study plans to use VELCADE for two doses followed by G-CSF given for 4 doses as is standard for mobilization with G-CSF alone. The rationale for VELCADE prior to the G-CSF is because VELCADE causes thrombocytopenia, similar to how cyclophosphamide is given followed by G-CSF for stem cell mobilization. Usually a cycle of VELCADE for myeloma therapy consists of 4 doses, but this may result in more significant drop in the platelet count. Low platelet counts may preclude adequate stem cell collection. The mobilization with VELCADE and GCSF will be approximately 3 -4 weeks after completion of the initial therapy for the primary disease.

Patients meeting eligibility criteria and who give informed consent will be mobilized using bortezomib at 1.3mg/m2 on day -11 and day -8. Subsequently G-CSF will be administered subcutaneously from day -4 to day -1 as a once daily injection at the standard /established dose of 10mcg/kg. Stem cell collection will be done on day 0 per standard of care regimen and protocol with processing of 4 -5 blood volumes. Stem cell enumeration by flow cytometry will be done prior to the collection by flow cytometry. The number of CD 34 positive cells (stem cell phenotype) / kg obtained each day of collection will be noted. G-CSF will be continued daily until adequate numbers of stem cells are obtained for the performance of a single autologous transplant (\> 2.5 million CD 34 cells/kg of weight. Subsequently the data for engraftment of neutrophils and platelets will be monitored as is routine for all patients undergoing autologous transplant.
Patients receive ipilimumab IV over 90 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 4 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients without progression then receive maintenance ipilimumab IV once every 3 months for 4 additional doses.
Obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) are prevalent metabolic disorders with substantial global health implications that are often inadequately addressed by current treatments and may have side effects. Probiotics have emerged as promising therapeutic agents owing to their beneficial effects on gut health and metabolism. This study investigated the synergistic effects of a probiotic combination of BNR17 and ABF21069 on obesity and MAFLD in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-sucrose diet. The probiotic combination significantly reduced body weight and fat accumulation compared with the high-sucrose diet. It also alleviated elevated serum leptin levels induced by a high-sucrose diet. Histological analysis revealed a significant reduction in white adipose tissue and fatty liver in the mice treated with the probiotic combination. Furthermore, increased expression of genes related to β-oxidation, thermogenesis, and lipolysis suggested enhanced metabolic activity. The probiotic groups, particularly the BNR17 group, showed an increase in fecal exopolysaccharides, along with a tendency toward a lower expression of intestinal sugar transport genes, indicating reduced sugar absorption. Additionally, inflammatory markers in the liver tissue exhibited lower expression in the ABF21069 group than in the HSD group. Despite each strain in the combination group having distinct characteristics and functions, their combined effect demonstrated synergy in mitigating obesity and MAFLD, likely through the modulation of fecal exopolysaccharides content and improvement in lipid metabolism. These findings underscore the potential of probiotic supplementation as a promising assistant therapy for managing obesity and MAFLD and provide valuable insights into its therapeutic mechanisms in metabolic disorders.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most serious emergency in patients with diabetes. With an estimated 100,000 admissions per year in the United States, DKA is also the leading cause of death in children with type 1 diabetes, and accounts for a significant proportion of admissions in adult patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The mainstay in the treatment of DKA involves the continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of regular insulin or the frequent subcutaneous (SC) injections of regular or rapid-acting insulin analogs. Multiple studies have reported successful protocols for insulin administration during the acute management of DKA, but they have failed to address the transition phase from IV to SC maintenance insulin regimen. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) position statement recommends the use of split-mixed insulin combination of regular and intermediate-acting insulin (NPH). This regimen, however, are associated with a high rate of hyperglycemia shortly after discontinuation of IV insulin and a risk of hypoglycemia during the hospital stay. Recently, the long-acting "basal" insulin glargine (Lantus®, Sanofi Aventis Pharmaceuticals) has been shown to facilitate glycemic control with lower rate of hypoglycemic events than intermediate-acting insulin in subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This study aims i) to determine the effects of giving a dose of glargine insulin shortly after starting an intravenous insulin infusion on glycemic control, time to resolve DKA, and rate of hypoglycemia in patients with DKA, and ii) to compare the safety and efficacy of basal/bolus (glargine/glulisine) insulin versus the standard split-mixed insulin regimen of NPH and regular insulin after the resolution of DKA. The hypothesis is that basal (lantus®) insulin as compared to NPH insulin shortly after the start of insulin infusion will improve inpatient glycemic control in patients with DKA.
This trial will have one screening/baseline visit with tests to assess if subjects are eligible to start study therapy. The screening/baseline visit can coincide with the Month 12 visit in the LUM-201-01 trial. Subjects will receive the same dose of LUM-201 as a daily oral dose each morning. LUM-201 will be adjusted for body weight increments at each clinic visit, as applicable.

The trial consists of 12 months of treatment. After screening, subjects will return to the clinic for 5 visits. During four of these clinic visits, safety laboratory samples will be collected.
The present invention provides methods for determining whether a subject has neoplasia, for assessing the efficacy of therapy to treat neoplasia in a subject who has undergone or is undergoing treatment for neoplasia, and for assessing the prognosis of a subject who has neoplasia. The present invention further provides kits for use in detecting neoplasia. The present invention also provides methods for treating or preventing neoplasia. Additionally, the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions for use in treating or preventing neoplasia in subjects to whom the compositions are administered. The present invention further provides methods for identifying agents for use in treating and/or preventing neoplasia. Also provided are agents identified by these methods, and use of these agents in methods for treating or preventing neoplasia.