anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Management of asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) remains controversial, and the combined risks of aortic valve surgery and late complications of aortic valve prosthesis need to be balanced against the possibility of preventing sudden death and lowering cardiac mortality. Considering that sudden cardiac death occurs at a rate of approximately 1% per year and that the average postoperative mortality of isolated AV replacement is 3.0-4.0%, the 2007 European Society of Cardiology guidelines do not recommend aortic valve surgery for asymptomatic patients with severe AS and the 2006 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend surgery as a class IIb indication only in patients with extremely severe AS and who are at low operative risk. Clinical outcomes vary widely according to the severity of stenosis in asymptomatic AS, and asymptomatic patients with very severe AS are often referred for aortic valve replacement in clinical practice despite the lack of data supporting early surgery. Rosenhek et al recently reported a worse prognosis with a higher event rate and a risk of rapid deterioration in very severe AS, and the investigators also recently reported that compared with the conventional treatment strategy, early surgery in patients with very severe AS is associated with an improved long-term survival in a prospective, observational study. However, there have been no prospective,randomized studies comparing early surgery with a watchful waiting strategy in very severe AS. We sought to compare long-term clinical outcomes of early surgery with those of conventional management based on current guidelines.
The intervention will be the randomized selection of anesthetic induction technique to sevoflurane in 50% oxygen and 50% nitrous oxide. Age 18-55.
PURPOSE: To obtain a hypoglycemic agent that contains a plant, Crassula argentea, and the extract therefrom with an extractant and is useful for treatment of diabetes. CONSTITUTION: This hypoglycemic agent contains a plant, Crassula argentea, and the extract therefrom with an extractant. In the extraction, the plant is crushed and extracted with an alcohol. In more detail, fresh, naturally occurring plant bodies of Crassula argentea are crushed at a high speed into particles passable through about 10-50 mesh. Then, the active ingredients are extracted by adding an alcohol of 50-98% concentration, preferably of 70-96% concentration, optimally 70% concentration for precipitation of protein, (for example, methanol or ethanol). The extract is usually concentrated at 30-100 deg.C, optimally at 30-40 deg.C.
The safety and effectiveness have been established only for the following pediatric indications: 

  * Mirabegron: Treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in pediatric patients 3years of age and older and weighing 35 kg or more.



The safety and effectiveness of mirabegron in pediatric patients aged 3 years and older have been established for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and the information on this use is discussed throughout the labeling. Use of mirabegron for this indication is supported by evidence from a 52-week, open-label, baseline-controlled, multicenter, dose titration trial in pediatric patients 3 years of age and older with NDO (Study 9) [see Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Studies (14.3)]. Results showed an improvement from baseline in maximum cystometric (bladder) capacity (MCC) with mirabegron use [see Clinical Studies (14.3)]. The most commonly reported adverse reactions in Study 9 (≥3%) were UTI, nasopharyngitis, constipation, and headache. Increased mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures with use of mirabegron occurred in patients less than 12 years of age with larger increases in patients younger than 8 years of age [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. 

Take mirabegron with food to reduce potential exposure-related risks, such as increased heart rate, as predicted by modeling of vital signs data in Study 9 [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
PSOLAR is an ongoing voluntary observational study in which infliximab-exposed patients, ustekinumab-exposed patients, and patients treated with other biologic and non-biologic standard of care therapies have been enrolled internationally and are followed for up to 8 years. Additionally, enrollment is opened to include at least 2000 guselkumab-exposed patients and up to 2000 patients exposed to IL-17 inhibitors. The Registry does not require any study-specific testing, but may capture information collected as part of normal routine care. Patient information is collected at the enrollment visit and about every 6 months thereafter. At enrollment, information on demographics (e.g. gender, and race), medical history and family medical history, details of past and current psoriasis treatments, and current psoriasis medications is collected. At enrollment and each follow-up visit, data are collected regarding physical examination, clinical disease status, Quality of Life assessments, current psoriasis medications, patient-reported PsA assessments, and adverse events. No study agents are administered for the purpose of this registry; all patients receive standard of care treatment as prescribed by the patient's physician.
In the US, the estimated prevalence of Heart Failure (HF) is 6.2 million and increasing. The mortality approaches 50% within 5 years of diagnosis and HF is the main cause of hospitalization among patients over 65 years of age. Information on molecular states may enhance understanding of causes and pathophysiological processes, improve risk prediction, identify new therapeutic targets, and improve subclassification for targeted therapy. Time-dependent phenomapping has been used to identify clinical and genomic differences in a longitudinal fashion, which provides a mechanistic link underlying pathophysiology of the disease and associated outcomes. Studies including high-throughput molecular approaches (multi-omics) along with time-dependent phenomapping would likely be even more powerful. The overarching hypothesis of the study is that the integration of Multi-Omics studies with clinical variables can be implemented to identify patients at risk of adverse outcomes. To test this hypothesis we propose: (1) Longitudinal profiling based on clinical data; (2) Longitudinal Multi-Omics Profiling; and (3) randomized of a telemonitoring intervention (Sensor Profiling) and the effectiveness in the optimization of guideline-directed medical therapy. To achieve these aims we propose to: (1) recruit a cohort of 1000 participants; (2) perform cardiovascular clinical characterization from electronic medical records; (3) perform multi-omics studies and (4) randomization of a telemonitoring intervention in the optimization of guideline-directed medical therapy. Proving these hypotheses would identify different meaningful clinical groups of patients within a cohort of patients with similar clinical conditions, health care providers would have a better understanding of the heterogeneity of the disease and the need for different preventive and therapeutic approaches in the context of precision medicine.
Acute urinary retention can be a common postoperative complication following hysterectomy. One of the many benefits of minimally invasive surgery is shorter hospital stay following a major procedure such as laparoscopic or robotic hysterectomy. An important postoperative milestone before discharge from the postoperative anesthesia care unit (PACU) is spontaneous voiding. If unable to spontaneously void due to urinary retention, insertion of an indwelling catheter may be required. Awaiting a spontaneous void in the recovery room can lead to longer hospital and PACU stays, greater cost, and patient dissatisfaction. At the conclusion of traditional laparoscopic or robotic-assisted hysterectomy, intraoperative cystoscopy is performed to evaluate for urologic injury. One possible strategy to more quickly facilitate a postoperative spontaneous void is to retain the cystoscopy distending fluid at conclusion of cystoscopy rather than emptying the bladder of the distending fluid. Although there is no published research investigating voiding time following laparoscopic or robotic hysterectomy using strategies such as backfilling the bladder before removal of the indwelling catheter or retaining the cystoscopy distending fluid following diagnostic cystoscopy.
Serious adverse reactions have been reported in patients taking clarithromycin concomitantly with CYP3A4 substrates. These include colchicine toxicity with colchicine; rhabdomyolysis with simvastatin, lovastatin, and atorvastatin; and hypotension with calcium channel blockers metabolized by CYP3A4 (e.g., verapamil, amlodipine, diltiazem) (see PRECAUTIONS – Drug Interactions). 

Life-threatening and fatal drug interactions have been reported in patients treated with clarithromycin and colchicine. Clarithromycin is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor and this interaction may occur while using both drugs at their recommended doses. If coadministration of clarithromycin and colchicine is necessary in patients with normal renal and hepatic function, the dose of colchicine should be reduced. Patients should be monitored for clinical symptoms of colchicine toxicity. Concomitant administration of clarithromycin and colchicine is contraindicated in patients with renal or hepatic impairment (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and PRECAUTIONS – Drug Interactions). 

Clostridium difficile Associated Diarrhea

Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including clarithromycin, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.

C. difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibiotic use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents.

If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibiotic use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibiotic treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.

For information about warnings of other drugs indicated in combination with clarithromycin tablet, refer to the WARNINGS section of their package inserts.
The present invention relates to Chinese medicine for treating cardiac and cerebral vascular diseases and their sequelae, and is especially the preparation process of notoginseng total saponin borneol and its dripping pill for treating coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, arteriosclerosis, cerebral thrombus and their sequelae. The active ingredients of the medicine are composed of the following components in parts by weight, wherein the ratio of the panax notoginseng saponins to the borneol is 15-50: 1. The medicine of the invention not only has the effects of promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis and improving peripheral circulation; can also effectively treat sequelae caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; the Chinese medicinal composition has a good compound synergistic effect, takes effect quickly, and has a good effect of promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and a high curative effect. Meanwhile, the quality is stable and easy to control. Has quick response, good effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis and high curative effect. The preparation method is simple in manufacturing process, short in flow, easy in raw material source, free of any risk in production, transportation and storage, and controllable and feasible in quality.
Newly diagnosed breast, ovarian or colon cancer patients recruited 6 months post-diagnosis and followed up to 5 years post-diagnosis. No intervention.
Anterior Iliac crest bone harvesting (AICBH) is a common surgical procedure with applications in various medical specialties, but it is often accompanied by significant postoperative pain. Effective pain management is therefore essential for optimising patient outcomes. This systematic literature review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of local donor site pain management interventions in AICBH procedures. It followed the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.4 guidelines and adhered to the PRISMA 2020 statement for comprehensive and high-quality reporting. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase to identify relevant studies. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomised controlled trials assessing pain management strategies in AICBH patients. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Jadad scale. Data extraction focused on medication types, administration modes, pain scores, and use of narcotics. Fourteen eligible studies were included. Methodological quality varied, with most studies demonstrating a low risk of bias. Medication types included amide and opioid groups, administered via single-shot injections or infusion systems. Results indicated that indwelling iliac crest catheters with bupivacaine showed significant postoperative reductions in pain scores and narcotics use compared with other techniques. The findings suggest that use of an indwelling catheter with bupivacaine is an effective pain management strategy for AICBH patients. However, heterogeneity among the studies and a lack of standardised methodologies pose limitations. Further homogeneous and standardised studies are therefore needed to strengthen the evidence base and inform clinical practice.
Participants randomized to the Financial Incentive group will be offered a financial incentive in conjunction with their usual eye care. They will receive usual care and a $25 payment if they obtain a confirmed eye examination.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether a live, oral, combined Shigella-ETEC vaccine candidate, known as strain CVD 1208S-122, is safe and immunogenic. This will be a phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating, single-center study, involving three vaccine dosage escalation cohorts (10\^8, 10\^9, and 10\^10 cfu vaccine organisms). Each of the three dose-escalation cohorts will consist of 8 study participants who will be randomly allocated to receive either vaccine (n=6) or placebo (n=2), as a single, oral dose. An independent Safety Monitoring Committee (SMC) will review the available safety data for Cohorts 1 - 3 through 7 days post-vaccination before proceeding to the enrollment of the next cohort. The fourth cohort will be an adaptive design cohort consisting of 30 study participants to be randomly allocated to receive either two doses of vaccine (n=12), one dose of vaccine (n=12), or two doses of placebo (n=6), with the dosage selection based on the highest well-tolerated dose in the dose-escalation cohorts (1 - 3), as determined by the SMC.

Each of the dose-escalation cohorts (1 - 3) will receive the oral dose of blinded study product while in the inpatient setting. During the following subsequent 96 hours (4 days), participants will remain on the inpatient research isolation ward to be closely monitored, and each stool will be collected by study staff. The evaluation and monitoring of participants enrolled in the fourth cohort will be conducted entirely in the outpatient setting.
AE can mimic dementia and, contrarily to neurodegenerative dementia syndromes, affected patients can improve with timely immunotherapies. Consensus-based diagnostic criteria for AE help to select patients for antibody testing. However, encephalitis signs can be absent, particularly in the elderly, and AE can present with slowly progressing CI mimicking classical neurodegenerative diseases, misleading the diagnostic process. Data on the prevalence of NSAb and AE in unselected patients with CI are sparse and mostly affected by retrospective design, small cohorts, and antibody assay shortcomings. There is an urgent need to define the frequency of NSAb and AE in CI patients and elucidate the associated clinical, laboratory and imaging features. Filling these gaps is the first aim of this project. This will allow the early identification and the best management of patients with AID. On the other hand, a proportion of CI patients have NSAb and do not fit the AE criteria (NSAb-pos-CI).

These NSAb are often in the serum, and not in the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), or belong to the Immunoglobulin A/M (Ig A/M) subclasses, as opposite to the AE-associated Immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass, thus triggering questions about their clinical and therapeutic implications. As NSAb can be found at low titers in the serum of healthy controls, a hypothesis explaining their pathogenicity relies on dysfunctions of the BBB, in a context of indolent inflammation, that might allow the antibodies to reach the Central Nervous System (CNS). Alternatively, NSAb may not be directly pathogenic and could even be secondary to an ongoing neurodegenerative process. However, even in this context, known and unknown NSAb, could still contribute to the clinical phenotype, modulating the disease progression or the presence of additional clinical features (i.e. psychiatric symptoms). Understanding if these serum NSAb, along with other factors such as inflammation and BBB alterations, have a role in modifying the disease trajectory, i.e. accelerating the neurodegeneration and CI progression, is the other main goal. This project will represent a chance to clarify the role of NSAb in NSAb-pos-CI and potentially help to identify a subgroup of patients with specific phenotypes, who could benefit from immunotherapies. The identification of such patients will allow their best clinical management.
The invention discloses a large-scale preparation process of acute and chronic pharyngolaryngitis medicines, and belongs to process improvement of pharyngolaryngitis tablets. The invention relates to a large-scale process flow comprising two parts which are raw medicine material preparation and preparation process conditions. The raw medicine material preparation comprises raw material washing, drying, slicing, roll-flattening, disinfecting, and infiltrating. The preparation process conditions comprise extracting-paste kneading, crushing-granulating, drying-sizing, mixing-tableting-coating, and corresponding conditions of the process flows. The invention aims at overcoming defects of low effective component content, poor medicine stability during large-scale production, and large differences between batches of existing tablets. Gas-liquid isolated phase-transfer full-effect tower plates and a small-plate-distance rectification tower are adopted in extraction. Crawler drying is adopted during paste kneading and crushing processes. Three-dimensional motion mixing is adopted during sizing and mixing processes. Sugar-coating is adopted during the coating process, wherein a weight gain is 40-80%. An amount of a stomach-soluble film coating premix is 2-3% of that of a substrate. With the improved process, medicine product yield of medicines in large-scale production is improved, medicine stability is improved, and production cost is reduced.
The administration of propofol should be initiated as a continuous infusion and changes in the rate of administration made slowly (>5 min) in order to minimize hypotension and avoid acute overdosage [see Overdosage (10) and Dosage and Administration (2.5)].

Patients should be monitored for early signs of significant hypotension and/or cardiovascular depression, which may be profound. These effects are responsive to discontinuation of propofol, intravenous fluid administration, and/or vasopressor therapy. In the elderly, debilitated, or ASA-PS III or IV patients, rapid (single or repeated) bolus administration should not be used during sedation in order to minimize undesirable cardiorespiratory depression.

As with other sedative medications, there is wide interpatient variability in propofol dosage requirements, and these requirements may change with time.

Failure to reduce the infusion rate in patients receiving propofol for extended periods may result in excessively high blood concentrations of the drug. Thus, titration to clinical response and daily evaluation of sedation levels are important during use of propofol infusion for ICU sedation, especially when it is used for long durations.

Opioids and paralytic agents should be discontinued and respiratory function optimized prior to weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. Infusions of propofol should be adjusted to maintain a light level of sedation prior to weaning patients from mechanical ventilatory support. Throughout the weaning process, this level of sedation may be maintained in the absence of respiratory depression.

Abrupt discontinuation of propofol prior to weaning or for daily evaluation of sedation levels should be avoided. This may result in rapid awakening with associated anxiety, agitation, and resistance to mechanical ventilation. It is therefore recommended that administration of propofol be continued in order to maintain a light level of sedation throughout the weaning process until 10 to 15 minutes prior to extubation, at which time the infusion can be discontinued.
There is limited clinical trial experience regarding overdose with ZTALMY. Unintentional overdose has been reported in 1 pediatric patient. This patient received ten times the prescribed dose. The patient was hospitalized for evaluation, including an electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood tests, and recovered.

Patients who overdose should be closely monitored and receive standard supportive care. No specific information is available regarding treatment of overdose. In the event of overdose, a certified poison control center should be contacted for updated information on the management of overdose with ZTALMY.