anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The safety and effectiveness of PANCREAZE for the treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency have been established in pediatric patients.

Use of PANCREAZE for this indication is supported by an adequate and well-controlled trial in adult and pediatric patients 8 to 17 years of age (Study 1) along with supportive data from a randomized, investigator-blinded, dose-ranging study in 17 pediatric patients aged 6 to 30 months (Study 2). Both study populations consisted of patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to cystic fibrosis. The safety in pediatric patients in these studies was similar to that observed in adult patients [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) and Clinical Studies (14)] . 

Dosages exceeding 6,000 lipase units/kg/meal have been reported postmarketing to be associated with fibrosing colonopathy and colonic strictures in pediatric patients less than 12 years of age. If there is a history of fibrosing colonopathy, monitor patients during treatment with PANCREAZE because some patients may be at risk of progressing to stricture formation. Do not exceed the recommended dosage of either 2,500 lipase units/kg/meal, 10,000 lipase units/kg/day, or 4,000 lipase units/g fat ingested/day in pediatric patients greater than 12 months of age without further investigation .[see Dosage and Administration (2.2)and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . 

Crushing or chewing PANCREAZE capsules or mixing the capsule contents in foods having a pH greater than 4.5 can disrupt the protective enteric coating on the capsule contents and result in early release of enzymes, irritation of the oral mucosa, and/or loss of enzyme activity. Instruct the patient or caregiver of the following: consume sufficient liquids (juice, water, breast milk, or formula) to ensure complete swallowing, and visually inspect the mouth of pediatric patients less than 12 months of age to ensure no drug is retained in the mouth and irritation of the oral mucosa has not occurred [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)and Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of coffee intake in US-based 23andMe participants (N = 130,153) and identified 7 significant loci, with many replicating in three multi-ancestral cohorts. We examined genetic correlations and performed a phenome-wide association study across hundreds of biomarkers, health, and lifestyle traits, then compared our results to the largest available GWAS of coffee intake from the UK Biobank (UKB; N = 334,659). We observed consistent positive genetic correlations with substance use and obesity in both cohorts. Other genetic correlations were discrepant, including positive genetic correlations between coffee intake and psychiatric illnesses, pain, and gastrointestinal traits in 23andMe that were absent or negative in the UKB, and genetic correlations with cognition that were negative in 23andMe but positive in the UKB. Phenome-wide association study using polygenic scores of coffee intake derived from 23andMe or UKB summary statistics also revealed consistent associations with increased odds of obesity- and red blood cell-related traits, but all other associations were cohort-specific. Our study shows that the genetics of coffee intake associate with substance use and obesity across cohorts, but also that GWAS performed in different populations could capture cultural differences in the relationship between behavior and genetics.
INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial etiology, including genetic factors that play a significant role in disease risk and resilience. However, the role of genetic diversity in preclinical AD studies has received limited attention.
METHODS: We crossed five Collaborative Cross strains with 5xFAD C57BL/6J female mice to generate F1 mice with and without the 5xFAD transgene. Amyloid plaque pathology, microglial and astrocytic responses, neurofilament light chain levels, and gene expression were assessed at various ages.
RESULTS: Genetic diversity significantly impacts AD-related pathology. Hybrid strains showed resistance to amyloid plaque formation and neuronal damage. Transcriptome diversity was maintained across ages and sexes, with observable strain-specific variations in AD-related phenotypes. Comparative gene expression analysis indicated correlations between mouse strains and human AD.
DISCUSSION: Increasing genetic diversity promotes resilience to AD-related pathogenesis, relative to an inbred C57BL/6J background, reinforcing the importance of genetic diversity in uncovering resilience in the development of AD.
HIGHLIGHTS: Genetic diversity's impact on AD in mice was explored. Diverse F1 mouse strains were used for AD study, via the Collaborative Cross. Strain-specific variations in AD pathology, glia, and transcription were found. Strains resilient to plaque formation and plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) increases were identified. Correlations with human AD transcriptomics were observed.
BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggested that immune abnormalities involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, the relationship between immunity and clinical features has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to measure the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and soluble TNF-α receptor 1 (sTNF-α R1) and to investigate their association with agitation in first episode patients with schizophrenia (FEPS).
METHODS: The plasma TNF-α and sTNF-α R1 levels were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the FEPS with (n = 36) and without agitation (n = 49) symptoms, and healthy controls (HCs, n = 54). The psychopathology was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the agitation symptoms were evaluated by the PANSS excitatory component (PANSS-EC).
RESULTS: The plasma TNF-α levels in patients with and without agitation symptoms were significantly higher than those in HCs. The patients with agitation had significantly higher plasma TNF-α levels compared to the patients without agitation. There were no significant differences in the sTNF-α R1 levels among the three groups. Furthermore, the plasma TNF-α levels were positively correlated with the PANSS total score, Positive and General psychopathological subscores, and PANSS-EC score in the FEPS, but the relationships were not found for the plasma sTNF-α R1 levels.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that TNF-α might play an important role in the onset and development of agitation symptoms of schizophrenia.
Claimed is a new human rhinovirus (HRV) which is acid stable and infectious. The claimed method of prodn. of the new virus comprises incubating wild type HRV at a pH is less than 5, pref. is less than 4.5 followed by cultivation at a pH of about 7, repeating this cycle several times, pref. three times, and isolating the mutants thus produced. Pref., the virus is a mutant of serotype 14 (HRV14) and has mutations in the VP1-region (Asn 100 Ile, or Asp 101 Glu) and/or in the VP2-region (Thr 17 Ile). The thus modified HRV may be used as a medicament. Also claimed is the DNA of the total or parts of the viral RNA of the mutants and oligonucleotides encoded by that DNA. USE - Acid-stable HRVs are useful in a medicament (claimed), optionally with an auxiliary- or carrier substance, by providing competition in rhinoviral infections
Absorption and Distribution: Dronabinol capsules are almost completely absorbed (90 to 95%) after single oral doses. Due to the combined effects of first pass hepatic metabolism and high lipid solubility, only 10 to 20% of the administered dose reaches the systemic circulation. Dronabinol has a large apparent volume of distribution, approximately 10 L/kg, because of its lipid solubility. The plasma protein binding of dronabinol and its metabolites is approximately 97%.

The elimination phase of dronabinol can be described using a two compartment model with an initial (alpha) half-life of about 4 hours and a terminal (beta) half-life of 25 to 36 hours. Because of its large volume of distribution, dronabinol and its metabolites may be excreted at low levels for prolonged periods of time.

The pharmacokinetics of dronabinol after single doses (2.5, 5, and 10 mg) and multiple doses (2.5, 5, and 10 mg given twice a day; BID) have been studied in healthy women and men.

A slight increase in dose proportionality on mean Cmax and AUC(0-12) of dronabinol was observed with increasing dose over the dose range studied.

Metabolism: Dronabinol undergoes extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism, primarily by microsomal hydroxylation, yielding both active and inactive metabolites. Dronabinol and its principal active metabolite, 11-OH-delta-9-THC, are present in approximately equal concentrations in plasma. Concentrations of both parent drug and metabolite peak at approximately 0.5 to 4 hours after oral dosing and decline over several days. Values for clearance average about 0.2 L/kg-hr, but are highly variable due to the complexity of cannabinoid distribution.

Elimination: Dronabinol and its biotransformation products are excreted in both feces and urine. Biliary excretion is the major route of elimination with about half of a radio-labeled oral dose being recovered from the feces within 72 hours as contrasted with 10 to 15% recovered from urine. Less than 5% of an oral dose is recovered unchanged in the feces.

Following single dose administration, low levels of dronabinol metabolites have been detected for more than 5 weeks in the urine and feces.

In a study of dronabinol capsules involving AIDS patients, urinary cannabinoid/creatinine concentration ratios were studied bi-weekly over a six week period. The urinary cannabinoid/creatinine ratio was closely correlated with dose. No increase in the cannabinoid/creatinine ratio was observed after the first two weeks of treatment, indicating that steady-state cannabinoid levels had been reached. This conclusion is consistent with predictions based on the observed terminal half-life of dronabinol.

Special Populations: The pharmacokinetic profile of dronabinol capsules has not been investigated in either pediatric or geriatric patients.
Symbicort® Turbohaler® (budesonide 200 μg plus formoterol fumarate 6 μg/actuation), 2 inhalations b.i.d. (daily dose of BUD 800 μg plus FF 24 μg).
BACKGROUND: Risk assessment tools and effective prevention strategies for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in pediatric patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have not been established. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of beta-blockers and exercise restriction for SCD prevention in this population.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients aged <18 years who were diagnosed with HCM at our center between January 1996 and December 2021. SCD and aborted SCD were defined as SCD equivalents. We divided patients based on whether they were prescribed beta-blockers or exercise restriction and compared the outcomes among the groups. The primary outcome was the overall survival (OS), and the secondary outcome was the cumulative SCD equivalent rate. Outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard analysis. We also compared patients according to the occurrence of SCD equivalents to identify SCD risk predictors.
RESULTS: Among the 43 included patients [mean age, 7.7 (1.6-12.1) years; 23 male individuals], SCD equivalents occurred in 13 patients over 11.2 (4.5-15.6) years of follow-up, among whom 12 were resuscitated and 1 died. The OS rate was significantly higher in the beta-blocker and exercise restriction groups than in the non-beta-blocker and non-exercise restriction groups (81.3 % vs. 19.1 %, p < 0.01 and 57.4 % vs. 12.7 %, p < 0.01, respectively). Among the 13 patients with SCD equivalents, 5 had 9 recurrent SCD equivalents. A significant difference was observed between the SCD equivalent and non-SCD equivalent groups in the history of suspected arrhythmogenic syncope (p < 0.01) in the univariable but not in the multivariable analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Beta-blockers and exercise restriction may decrease the risk of SCD in pediatric patients with HCM and should be considered for SCD prevention in this population, particularly because predicting SCD in these patients remains challenging.
The present disclosure relates to multi-case based reasoning by syntactic-semantic alignment and utterance analysis. The systems, devices, and methods discussed herein provide for an improved autonomic agent application configured to generate a diagnosis of an input symptom from indicia (e.g., a disease, disorder, and/or condition) associated with a previously known case. An extended utterance tree can be generated that identifies a plurality of utterance trees corresponding to various segment granularities (e.g., documents, paragraphs, sentences, phrases, words, etc.) of previously known cases and the lexical associations between these utterance trees. A new symptom may be provided as input (e.g., via an autonomic agent). The input can be parsed to identify various segments of the input and the lexicographic associations between the segments. These segments can be matched with segments of previously known cases by matching nodes of the expanded utterance tree. If the lexical associations between the input segments match the lexical associations indicated in the expanded utterance tree for the previous known case, the input can be classified with the same labels as the previous known case.
The QL block will be performed by the regional anesthesia team according to their standard protocol with a uniform quantity and concentration of analgesic agent (ropivacaine 60cc). Intraoperatively, patients will undergo subcutaneous injections of lidocaine (2cc per port site) at each port site. Preoperatively, patients will only receive acetaminophen and no preoperative narcotics or neuro-modulators will be administered. Intraabdominal pressure intraoperative will be standardized among surgeons (plan for 15mm Hg for port placement, then 12 mm Hg once docked). At the conclusion of each surgery, eligible patients will receive a dose of IV ketorolac. Postoperatively, patients will be prescribed a standard regimen of NSAIDs, acetaminophen and opioids. Patients will be asked to rate their pain according to the numeric pain rating scale immediately postoperatively in the PACU and patient opioid requirements while in the PACU will be reviewed in the chart.
Estradiol gel0.06% 1.25 g per day is the single approved dose for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms due to menopause. The lowest effective dose of estradiol gel0.06% for this indication has not been determined.

  


Before using the canister for the first time, it must be primed. Remove the large canister cover, and fully depress the pump 5 times. Discard the unused gel by thoroughly rinsing down the sink or placing it in the household trash. After priming, the pump is ready to use.

  


The recommended area of application is the arm. Apply a thin layer over the entire arm on the inside and outside from wrist to shoulder.
OBJECTIVES: Symptomatic vestibulopathy impairs patients' lives. However, few studies have explored the lives of patients with compensated or asymptomatic vestibulopathy. This study investigated the quality of life (QOL), psychological health, and physical function of patients with vestibulopathy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database, we included individuals with data on demographic factors, diabetes, hypertension, dizziness experiences, pure-tone audiometry, video head impulse test (vHIT), Health-related Quality of Life Instrument with 8 Items, General Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, stress, and walking and sitting times. Participants were classified into the following groups: an uncompensated group with abnormal vHIT result and chronic dizziness, a compensated group with abnormal vHIT result and a history of dizziness, an asymptomatic group with abnormal vHIT result and no history of dizziness, and a normal group without abnormal vHIT result or a history of dizziness.
RESULTS: Uncompensated vestibulopathy was more common in older individuals and women. The uncompensated group showed impairments in climbing stairs (P < 0.001), pain (P < 0.001), vitality (P = 0.001), working (P < 0.001), depression (P < 0.001), sleep (P = 0.001), happiness (P = 0.002), anxiety (P = 0.006), and stress (P = 0.003). The compensated group showed deficits in pain (P < 0.001), work (P = 0.006), sleep (P = 0.001), and happiness (P = 0.001). The asymptomatic group had no deficits in QOL, psychological health, or physical function. These tendencies were similar after controlling for age and gender.
CONCLUSION: Vestibulopathy with a history of dizziness has a long-lasting impact on QOL and emotional status, even after compensation. Uncompensated vestibulopathy has a significant effect on QOL and mental health. Notably, though, the compensated group also showed a reduction in QOL. Appropriate interventions for each category of patients should be provided based on their impaired functions.
IMPORTANCE: There is a need for surgeons skilled in vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair, yet training opportunities are limited.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to create a low-fidelity simulation model for transvaginal VVF repair, identify essential steps of VVF repair, and evaluate the model's ability to replicate essential steps.
STUDY DESIGN: First, a low-fidelity VVF repair simulation model was designed and built by the authors. Next, a hierarchical task analysis was performed by urogynecologic surgeons with expertise in VVF repair. Each expert submitted an outline of tasks required to perform VVF repair. To control for bias, an education specialist de-identified, reviewed, and collated the submitted outlines. The education specialist then led a focus group, and through a modified Delphi process, the experts reached consensus on the essential steps. A separate group of urogynecologic surgeons then tested the model and completed an anonymous questionnaire assessing how well the model replicated the essential steps. Descriptive analyses were performed.
RESULTS: Five experts submitted an outline of steps for transvaginal VVF repair, and 4 experts participated in a focus group to reach consensus on the essential steps. Nine urogynecologic surgeons, with a median of 10 years in practice (interquartile range, 7-12 years), tested the model and completed the postsimulation questionnaire. Most testers thought that tasks involving identification and closure of the fistula were replicated by the model. Testers thought that tasks involving cystoscopy or bladder filling were not replicated by the model.
CONCLUSIONS: We developed a novel, low-fidelity transvaginal VVF repair simulation model that consistently replicated tasks involving identification and closure of the fistula.
Glioblastoma IDH wild type (GBM) is a very aggressive brain tumour, characterised by an infiltrative growth pattern and by a prominent neoangiogenesis. Its prognosis is unfortunately dismal, and the median overall survival of GBM patients is short (15 months). Clinical management is based on bulk tumour removal and standard chemoradiation with the alkylating drug temozolomide, but the tumour invariably recurs leading to patient's death. Clinical options for GBM patients remained unaltered for almost two decades until the encouraging results obtained by the phase II REGOMA trial allowed the introduction of the multikinase inhibitor regorafenib as a preferred regimen in relapsed GBM treatment by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) 2020 Guideline. Regorafenib, a sorafenib derivative, targets kinases associated with angiogenesis (VEGFR 1-3), as well as oncogenesis (c-KIT, RET, FGFR) and stromal kinases (FGFR, PDGFR-b). It was already approved for metastatic colorectal cancers and hepatocellular carcinomas. The aim of the present review is to focus on both the molecular and clinical knowledge collected in these first three years of regorafenib use in GBM.
The present invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine for treating bone diseases, which comprises 125 to 150 weight shares of mature vinegar powder, 25 to 35 weight shares of natural copper (calcined by fine and quenched by vinegar), 5 to 6 weight shares of ground beetle, 15 to 19 weight shares of frankincense (processed by vinegar), 15 to 19 weight shares of myrrh (processed by vinegar) and 400 to 500 weight shares of muskmelon seed. The preparation method comprises the following steps: a. the mature vinegar is dried at the temperature of 60 to 100 DEG C until the mature vinegar becomes dry blocks, and then the dry blocks are pulverized into powder; b. the natural copper (calcined by fine and quenched by vinegar), the ground beetle, the frankincense (processed by vinegar), the myrrh (processed by vinegar) and the muskmelon seed are respectively pulverized into powder; c. the powder in the step a and the powder in the step b are uniformly mixed according to a proportion. The medicament can rapidly eliminate edema, establishes an effective blood circulation and lymphatic return system and is beneficial to rapid recovery of diseased tissues. The traditional Chinese medicine can rapidly relieve pain of patients and solves various defects caused by long plaster fixing time for patient s in the prior art. Due to good effect on promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and relieving inflammation, the traditional Chinese medicine can be applied to all diseases needing the treatment of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in clinics, such as chronic inflammation (arthritis, etc.), soft tissue injuries, thrombus obstructive phlebitis, etc., specifically that the medicine has the advantage of wide application range of diseases.
The 3-part Brief Intervention (BI) consists of . Part I is 15-minute multi-component motivational discussion in hospital which includes personalized risk feedback, advice to abstain or reduce consumption, and the negotiation of an individual change plan. Part II is 15-minute follow-up in hospital to reinforce Part I. Part III is 15-minute follow-up telephone call at 2 weeks to reinforce Part I.
This invention relates to certain tricyclic 6-alkylidene penems which act as a inhibitor of class-D enzymes. ????-Lactamases hydrolyze ????-lactam antibiotics, and as such serve as the primary cause of bacterial resistance. The compounds of the present invention when combined with ????-lactam antibiotics will provide an effective treatment against life threatening bacterial infections. In accordance with the present invention there are provided compounds of formula I which are useful for treatment of bacterial infections having class-D enzymes associated therewith (Formula I): wherein: One of A and B denotes hydrogen and the other an optionally substituted fused tricyclic heteroaryl group; and X is S or O.