anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Penicillin G benzathine and penicillin G procaine have a low solubility and, thus, the drugs are slowly released from intramuscular injection sites. The drugs are hydrolyzed to penicillin G. This combination of hydrolysis and slow absorption results in blood serum levels much lower but more prolonged than other parenteral penicillins.

Intramuscular administration of 600,000 units of Bicillin C-R in adults usually produces peak blood levels of 1.0 to 1.3 units per mL within 3 hours; this level falls to an average concentration of 0.32 units per mL at 12 hours, 0.19 units per mL at 24 hours, and 0.03 units per mL at seven days.

Intramuscular administration of 1,200,000 units of Bicillin C-R in adults usually produces peak blood levels of 2.1 to 2.6 units per mL within 3 hours; this level falls to an average concentration of 0.75 units per mL at 12 hours, 0.28 units per mL at 24 hours, and 0.04 units per mL at seven days.

Approximately 60% of penicillin G is bound to serum protein. The drug is distributed throughout the body tissues in widely varying amounts. Highest levels are found in the kidneys with lesser amounts in the liver, skin, and intestines. Penicillin G penetrates into all other tissues and the spinal fluid to a lesser degree. With normal kidney function, the drug is excreted rapidly by tubular excretion. In neonates and young infants and in individuals with impaired kidney function, excretion is considerably delayed.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an agent for preventing or treating periodontal disease, exhibiting high argingipain activity-inhibiting effects, and to provide an oral composition.  <P>SOLUTION: The agent for preventing or treating the periodontal disease comprises gabexate mesilate, and a water-soluble nonionic macromolecular material and/or a nonionic surfactant. The oral composition is obtained by formulating the gabexate mesilate, and the water-soluble nonionic macromolecular material and/or the nonionic surfactant. The agent for preventing or treating the periodontal disease exhibits the excellent argingipain activity-inhibiting effects by specifically inhibiting the argingipain of a cysteine protease produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis of a causative bacterium of the periodontal disease in high activity. The oral composition is useful for prevention or treatment of the periodontal disease.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Sickle cell disease (SCD)-related neurological effects are particularly devastating. Dilated perivascular spaces (dPVS) are a well-described component of cerebral small vessel disease in older adults without SCD. However, the burden and association of dPVS with neurological complications in children with SCD have not been described. In this study, we used the international consensus criteria to quantify dPVS in the centrum semiovale and basal ganglia in T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) of children with SCD who were randomized as part of the Silent Cerebral Infarct Transfusion (SIT) trial. We examined the relationship between global and/or regional dPVS burden and presence or area of silent cerebral infarctions, hematological measures, demographic variables, and full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) scores. The study included 156 SIT trial participants who had pre-randomization and study exit MRI. Their median age was 9.6 (5-15) years, 39% were female, and 94 (60%) participants had a high dPVS burden. Participants randomized to the blood transfusion arm and who had a high dPVS burden at baseline had a moderate decline in dPVS score over 36 months compared to no change in the observation group. On multivariable logistic regression, intelligence quotient was not associated with dPVS burden. Children with SCD included in the SIT trial have a high burden of dPVS compared to children without SCD. However, dPVS do not appear to have the same pathophysiology of silent cerebral infarcts. Further study is needed to determine both their etiology and clinical relevance.
Patients with large burn injuries remain a challenge. The loss of skin barrier integrity and induced immunosuppression after injury increases their vulnerability to infection. Sepsis remains the primary cause of death for burn-injured patients who survive their acute injury and resuscitation. The objective of this work is to describe the current understanding and management of sepsis in the burn-injured patient and newer strategies to approach its management. Current understanding of the systemic inflammatory response to burn injury and sepsis, preventative strategies, and novel research will be discussed. Understanding the origin of burn sepsis from wounds themselves is key to understanding current paradigms. Infection control and management begins from the time of injury and continues throughout the patient's hospital course. The use of personal protective equipment, burn unit design considerations, and optimization of prevention protocols and catheter care all play a role in burn sepsis prevention and management. The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens poses a particular challenge for burn patients due to the chronicity with which their wounds are sometimes open. The difficulty of systemic antibiotics to reach wounds has underscored the need to anticipate resistant organisms moving forward. Antibiotic strategies and newer approaches, such as phage therapy, will be discussed. Multi-omics approaches to understanding burn sepsis have developed in hopes of identifying patients more susceptible or at risk of developing burn sepsis. As with many aspects of burn care, a multidisciplinary, proactive approach to the management of burn sepsis is key to minimizing the morbidity and mortality associated with this complication.
Approximately 400 asthma patients with an increased serum total IgE level(60-1500 international unit(IU)/ml) and uncontrolled receiving medium to high dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) plus long-acting β2-agonist(LABA) will be randomised in about 43 sites in China. They will be administered CMAB007 or placebo at a ratio of 2:1 for 24 weeks. During the whole study, all subjects will be on regularly fixed combination of med/high ICS and LABA (budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation or salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation). They should complete PEF measurement and patient diary daily and be assessed every 4 weeks. Spirometry, questionnaires, laboratory tests and so on will be performed. At selected sites, about 45 patients will be enrolled in a sub-study to assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characterises of CMAB007. Anti-drug antibody (ADA) will be sampled at V1, V2 and V7 too.
The invention discloses an acupoint patch prepared from Chinese medicines. The acupoint patch is prepared from the following Chinese herbal medicines: cassia twig, roasted common monkshood mother root, turmeric, dried ginger, pangolin, garter snake, cortex erythrinae, 1 to 2kg of cinnamon, root of three-nerved spicebush, clematis root, and ligusticum wallichii. The patch is prepared by adhering the medicines to adhesive plaster. A preparation method comprises the following steps of: performing water extraction on the Chinese herbal medicines; preparing thick paste of which the water content is 10 percent; preparing tablets by using the thick paste, placing tablets in the middle of the adhesive plaster, and adhering a protective layer to the surface; and coating an isolation layer on the surfaces of the adhesive plaster and tablets. The Chinese herbal medicines can be crushed and prepared into the tablets so as to be prepared into the patch. The acupoint patch has the characteristics of no trauma, no pain, high safety and reliability, quick response, and wide application range, and can be used for various clinical diseases, and is particularly suitable for people who are afraid of acupuncture needles, people who are allergic to oral medicines or injections, old people, children and weak people. The acupoint patch is easy to use, low in cost, does not need profound medical knowledge, and can be grasped by a patient easily and used by the patient independently.
The primary aim of the proposed study is to determine if physiologic insulin therapy administered to general hospital inpatients with hyperglycemia favorably affects in-hospital complications and mortality, need for intensive care, or length of stay. The secondary aim is to determine if the magnitude of benefit derived from this therapy differs (a) in patients with known vs. newly diagnosed diabetes, or (b) in medical vs. surgical patients. The study will analyze data from a natural experiment that occurred when the applicant institution introduced universal physiologic insulin therapy as the standard of care for hyperglycemia. A quasi-experimental before-and-after study will compare in-hospital complications, mortality, and resource use in patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes before vs. after implementation of this standard (n≈6400). Outcomes measured at 7 nearby acute-care teaching hospitals during the same two time intervals will provide parallel control data (n≈35,000). Data from the control hospitals will make it possible to evaluate whether temporal changes in patient characteristics or other variables affecting hospitals in the region could explain effects that might otherwise be erroneously attributed to the intervention. Given the high prevalence of comorbid diabetes in the hospital and the possibility that universal physiologic insulin for managing hyperglycemia may not deliver the intended benefit or could even do more harm than good, answering this question is an important goal.
Participants received talimogene laherparepvec at an initial dose of 10⁶ plaque forming units (PFU)/mL injected into 1 or more tumors with maximum total volume of 4 mL (up to 2 mL per tumor). Subsequent doses of talimogene laherparepvec at 10⁸ PFU/mL began 3 weeks after the first dose and were administered every 2 weeks for up to 15 weeks. After the initial 8 doses, if indications of biological activity were observed, treatment could continue for up to 16 additional doses.
Gemcitabine administered intravenously as a dose of 500 mg/m2 at a fixed dose rate of 10 mg/m2/min for the first 5 patients (to validate hematologic safety). Next 15 subsequent patients receive 750 mg/m2 at a fixed dose rate of 10 mg/m2/min. The drug infusion started 50-75 minutes prior to complete gross tumor removal (timing dependent on dose) in order to have drug administration complete at tumor removal.
Neuroscientific research has consistently shown more extensive non-visual activity in the visual cortex of congenitally blind humans compared to sighted controls; a phenomenon known as crossmodal plasticity. Whether or not crossmodal activation of the visual cortex retracts if sight can be restored is still unknown. The present study, involving a rare group of sight-recovery individuals who were born pattern vision blind, employed visual event-related potentials to investigate persisting crossmodal modulation of the initial visual cortical processing stages. Here we report that the earliest, stimulus-driven retinotopic visual cortical activity (<100 ms) was suppressed in a spatially specific manner in sight-recovery individuals when concomitant sounds accompanied visual stimulation. In contrast, sounds did not modulate the earliest visual cortical response in two groups of typically sighted controls, nor in a third control group of sight-recovery individuals who had suffered a transient phase of later (rather than congenital) visual impairment. These results provide strong evidence for persisting crossmodal activity in the visual cortex after sight recovery following a period of congenital visual deprivation. Based on the time course of this modulation, we speculate on a role of exuberant crossmodal thalamic input which may arise during a sensitive phase of brain development.
The cervicovaginal microbiome (CVM) may contribute to human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical carcinogenesis. We summarized the literature on the CVM in cervical carcinogenesis by searching Medline, Web of Science, and Embase for articles that sequenced the CVM using metagenomics. Additionally, we identified studies assessing the diagnostic role of the CVM in cervical carcinogenesis by searching PubMed. We performed an environmental scan of Google and Google Scholar to review common CVM characterization techniques. Twenty-eight records presented or summarized associations between the CVM and HPV acquisition, prevalence, persistence, clearance, and cervical lesions or cancer, while three studies identified bacterial taxa detecting high-risk HPV prevalence or cervical lesions. The area under the curve ranged from 0.802 to 0.952. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and whole metagenome sequencing have sufficient resolution to study the CVM bacteriome. Bacterial communities may have important implications in cervical cancer; however, there is a need for methodological standardization for CVM characterization.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health concern, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Bucidarasin A, a natural diterpenoid, has been shown to exert notable cytotoxic effects across a range of tumor cell lines. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this cytotoxicity remain unclear. In this study, we sought to elucidate the antitumor mechanisms of bucidarasin A, a natural diterpenoid derived from Casearia graveolens, with a particular focus on its effects on HCC. Furthermore, we employed surface plasmon resonance (SPR), molecular docking, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) to gain further insight into the target protein of bucidarasin A. Our findings revealed that bucidarasin A exhibited pronounced cytotoxicity towards HepG2 cells. In vitro analysis indicated that bucidarasin A interrupted the cell cycle at the S phase and inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of HepG2 cells by modulating the FAK and STAT3 signaling pathways. Moreover, in vivo studies demonstrated that bucidarasin A not only exhibited antitumor effects but also impeded neovascularization, a finding that was corroborated by SPR interactions between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bucidarasin A. This research substantiated that bucidarasin A, a clerodane diterpenoid, held promise as a therapeutic candidate against HCC, showcasing substantial antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo through direct targeting of the STAT3 and FAK signaling pathways.
PD-L1 may be expressed on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells and can contribute to the inhibition of the anti-tumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Binding of PD-L1 to the PD-1 and B7.1 receptors found on T cells and antigen presenting cells suppresses cytotoxic T-cell activity, T-cell proliferation, and cytokine production. Avelumab binds PD-L1 and blocks the interaction between PD-L1 and its receptors PD-1 and B7.1. This interaction releases the inhibitory effects of PD-L1 on the immune response resulting in the restoration of immune responses, including anti-tumor immune responses. Avelumab has also been shown to induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro. In syngeneic mouse tumor models, blocking PD-L1 activity resulted in decreased tumor growth.
A total of 144 mutiparous subjects randomly allocated one of six groups. The first group (control group) consisted of 22 participants and they did not receive any treatment. The second group consisted of 26 participants receiving oral 25 mg dexketoprofen trometamol. The third group consisted of 23 participants receiving 2 puff lidocaine sprays on cervical mucosa. The forth group consisted of 25 participants receiving 100 mg pethidine. The fifth group consisted of 23 participants receiving 1000 mg intravenous paracetamol and the sixth group consisted of 25 participants receiving diclofenac sodium.
An Example (7) pharmaceutical sugar dragees consisting essentially of a "placebo" of lactose and starch are first coated with a 10% ethanol/chloroform solution of an addition product of 2-amino-2-ethyl-1 :3-propane diol and a low molecular weight compared which is primarily the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, in a coating drum.  The coatings are then air dried. The dragees were finally coated with a polishing solution as above but also containing ethyl cellulose and a silicone oil. Specifications 737,310 and 811,797 are referred to.ALSO:1 mol. of an epoxy compound containing substantially 2 epoxide groups per mol is reacted with 1,125-1,5 mols of a saturated aliphatic primary monoamine containing at least two hydroxyl groups.  Long lists of suitable diepoxides are given including epoxidized dienes, epoxy esters and epoxy ethers: in the examples there are used the diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and hydroquinone and diglycidyl phthalate.  Similarly long lists of suitable polyhydroxy amines are given, of which the following are used in the examples: 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propane diol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propane diol, and tris-(hydroxy methyl)-amino methane.  Solvents for the reaction products are mixtures of methanol or ethanol with ethylene chloride, methylene chlorides, chloroform, ethyl acetate, or acetone; and aqueous acetic acid. In Examples (7) and (8) pharmaceutical dragees and tablets are made (see Group VI) and the following compositions are disclosed: (7) A reaction product of the invention, ethyl cellulose, a silicone oil, ethyl alcohol, and chloroform, (8) A reaction product of the invention, reserpine (an alkaloid), lactose, starch, hydrolyzed starch, polyvinyl acetate, ethanol, chloroform, magnesium stearate, and talc.  At various stages of the preparation of the tablets the materials are granulated. Specifications 737,310 and 811,797 are referred to.ALSO:Medicament preparations, such as pills or tablets, for oral administration, which are water-resistant but not gastric juice-resistant, may contain or be coated with an addition product of (i) 1 mol. of a compound containing substantially 2 epoxide groups per mol., and (ii) 1.125-1.5 mols. of a saturated aliphatic primary monoamine containing at least 2 hydroxyl groups. The addition product is preferably used in the form of a solution in mixtures of alcohols containing 1 or 2 carbon atoms (e.g. methanol, ethanol) and other organic solvents such as ethylene chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform, ethyl acetate or acetone.  In Example (7) a dragee "placebo" consisting essentially of lactose and starch was coated with an addition product of 2-amino-2-ethyl-1 : 3-propane-diol and a low molecular weight diepoxide which is primarily the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A.  In Example (8) a resapine-based powder was mixed with a solution containing the same addition product, and was worked up in conventional manner to form tablets.  Specifications 737,310 and 811,797 are referred to.
Standard urotherapy inclunding normalized fluid intake and times voidings. The timed voiding regime of every 2 hours will be assisted by a timer Watch.
A traditional Chinese medicine for treating infantile pneumonia is characterized by mainly comprising traditional Chinese medicines such as 10 g of lotus, 6 g of ephedra, 30 g of gypsum, 30 g of radix isatidis, 10 g of houttuynia cordata, 8 g of almond, 3 g of liquorice, 10 g of bulbus fritilariae, 10 g of radix sileris, 10 g of platycodon grandiflorum, 10 g of uncaria, 6 g of mint, 60 g of rock sugar and the like. The preparation method comprises the following steps: the medicine is soaked in 500 ml of water, boiled to 250 ml and filtered. 60 grams of rock sugar was boiled with 250 milliliters of water to form a rock sugar water. Adding 250 ml of crystal sugar water into the filtered 250 ml of liquid medicine to obtain the product. It is taken with warm water. The prescription is prepared from pure Chinese medicaments by a traditional preparation method, retains the property of the medicaments, has the efficacies of moistening and dispelling wind, ventilating the lung and relieving cough, achieves the aim of treatment and has no side effect.
Participants with DPN will complete a total of seven study sessions. The first three sessions include a clinical evaluation, gait biomechanics, and gait biofeedback for comparison with able bodied participants. Sessions four through seven involve two different biofeedback training sessions followed by a retention gait analysis test 24-48 hours after training. Participants in this study are are randomized to receive plantar pressure biofeedback gait training first and propulsion biofeedback gait training at least three weeks later.
Study medication (150 mg bupropion SR) daily for 14 days. Women still smoking at 2-weeks \& 4-weeks were encouraged to increase their medication to two times per day (150 mg bid). Women received smoking cessation counseling at baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks.
This clinical trial will consist of a single arm, where participants, after a 1-week baseline period, will be placed on daily BRB administration for a period of 8 weeks followed by a 4 week washout period. Prior to study enrollment, all participants will have an Oral Cancer screening intraoral exam and persons with oral pathology (e.g. premalignant or oral squamous cell carcinoma) will be referred for appropriate clinical care. Biological samples will be collected at 0, 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12 and 13 weeks. An 8-week BRB administration period was selected to allow for ample time for effects to be observed in the major endpoints, based on previous clinical data. Likewise, a 4 week washout period at the end of the trial will allow for effects of BRB withdrawal on major outcomes to be measured.

A total of 58 healthy subjects will be recruited into this intervention study. Eligible subjects, after phone screening, will visit the clinic for an additional in-person screening which includes measurement of expired carbon monoxide and pregnancy test (females). Prior to enrollment, each subject will be offered a free oral cancer screening. After obtaining informed consent, eligible subjects will be administered a questionnaire to obtain information on basic demographics, medical history, lifestyle, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and usual dietary intake and biological samples (exfoliated buccal cells and urine) and anthropometric data (e.g. height and weight) will be collected. Subjects will be asked to return after 1 week (Visit 2, 2nd baseline visit) and biological samples will be collected. Subjects will be provided their first supply of test agent (BRB lozenge) and a usage diary and instructed on the proper method for application and completion of the diary entries. At Visits 3-6 (weeks 4, 5, 8, and 9, respectively) subjects will return any unused product, receive a new batch of lozenges (except for week 9), complete a brief questionnaire on compliance and provide biological samples. At week 9 (Visit 6), subjects will return their study diaries and enter the washout period where no test agent will be provided. At the final visits (Visit 7 and 8, weeks 12 and 13), subjects will provide biological samples.
The translocator protein (TSPO) is predominately localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane in steroidogenic cells. In the brain, TSPO expression, low under normal conditions, results upregulated in response to glial cell activation, that occurs in neuroinflammation. As a consequence, TSPO has been extensively studied as a biomarker of such conditions by means of TSPO-targeted radiotracers. Although [11C]-PK11195, the prototypical TSPO radioligand, is still widely used for in vivo studies, it is endowed with severe limitations, mainly low sensitivity and poor amenability to quantification. Consequently, several efforts have been focused on the design of new radiotracers for the in vivo imaging of TSPO. The present review will provide an outlook on the latest advances in TSPO radioligands for neuroinflammation imaging. The final goal is to pave the way for (radio)chemists in the future design and development of novel effective and sensitive radiopharmaceuticals targeting TSPO.
Omeprazole 40 mg/day alone. Patients will take the capsule once in the morning before breakfast. This is the standard therapy for patients suffering from Barrett's esophagus.