anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
A man in his early 50s with previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) presented with a 3-month history of cough, expectoration and progressive breathlessness, accompanied by significant weight loss. Examination revealed tachycardia, tachypnoea, hypoxaemia and unilateral diminished breath sounds. Investigations showed anaemia, leucocytosis and a homogeneous opacity on the left side of the CXR. ECG and echocardiography suggested pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). A CT pulmonary angiogram confirmed a chronic embolus and a severely fibrosed left lung. A comprehensive thrombophilia workup yielded normal results and the PTE was attributed to his history of TB. Sputum analysis confirmed reactivated TB, leading to the initiation of antitubercular therapy. The patient improved clinically with plans for a repeat CT pulmonary angiography to assess the need for pulmonary thromboendarterectomy after completing TB treatment. This case highlights the possible association of TB and PTE, its management and why it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with a history of TB presenting with exacerbated breathlessness.
Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia (NKH) is an inborn error of glycine metabolism with autosomal recessive inheritance. A female infant presented to our emergency department with intractable seizures, lethargy and hypotonia, 2 weeks after her routine vaccination. Detailed infective and metabolic workup revealed normal blood sugar, ketone, lactate ammonia, and a high level of glycine in serum and cerebrospinal fluid suggesting NKH. Diagnosis of NKH was further confirmed on genetic analysis for AMT gene mutation. The child showed clinical improvement with oral sodium benzoate. Here, we report the inheritance, pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, genetic confirmation, management and prognosis of a child with NKH.
OBJECTIVE: Conventional prediction models fail to integrate the constantly evolving nature of critical illness. Alternative modelling approaches to study dynamic changes in critical illness progression are needed. We compare static risk prediction models to dynamic probabilistic models in early critical illness.
DESIGN: We developed models to simulate disease trajectories of critically ill COVID-19 patients across different disease states. Eighty per cent of cases were randomly assigned to a training and 20% of the cases were used as a validation cohort. Conventional risk prediction models were developed to analyse different disease states for critically ill patients for the first 7 days of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Daily disease state transitions were modelled using a series of multivariable, multinomial logistic regression models. A probabilistic dynamic systems modelling approach was used to predict disease trajectory over the first 7 days of an ICU admission. Forecast accuracy was assessed and simulated patient clinical trajectories were developed through our algorithm.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We retrospectively studied patients admitted to a Cleveland Clinic Healthcare System in Ohio, for the treatment of COVID-19 from March 2020 to December 2022.
RESULTS: 5241 patients were included in the analysis. For ICU days 2-7, the static (conventional) modelling approach, the accuracy of the models steadily decreased as a function of time, with area under the curve (AUC) for each health state below 0.8. But the dynamic forecasting approach improved its ability to predict as a function of time. AUC for the dynamic forecasting approach were all above 0.90 for ICU days 4-7 for all states.
CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that modelling critical care outcomes as a dynamic system improved the forecasting accuracy of the disease state. Our model accurately identified different disease conditions and trajectories, with a <10% misclassification rate over the first week of critical illness.
The invention provides a dietetic formula for treating gastrorrhagia. The formula comprises components, by weight: 30g of imperata rhizome, 40g of lotus root sheets, 100g of rice, and 6g of fine gardenia seed powder. The dietetic formula for treating gastrorrhagia is suitable for all kinds of patients suffering from symptoms of qi deficiency and loss of blood, yin stasis and bleeding, and yin-blood depletion. The dietetic formula achieves the purposes of activating blood, resolving stasis, and relieving pain, and the functions of fortifying the spleen and harmonizing the stomach, and boosting qi and activating blood are realized by means of a dietetic therapy. Recovery of an ulcer is promoted through administration of dietetic congee. The dietetic formula has an obvious curative effect.
All patients will be monitored by the non-invasive Masimo Radical7 pulseoximeter (Masimo, Irvine, CA, USA) measuring PPI and the MoorVMS-LDF (Moor Instruments Ldt., Axminster, UK) measuring mesenteric tissue blood flow using doppler flowmetry. Patients will be subjected to a haemodynamic challenge using anti-trendelenburg position.
PURPOSE: An extract of Petasites japonicus (Sieb. and Zucc.) Maxim. is provided. The extract has excellent inhibitory activity against neurotoxicity in brain regions by oxidative stress and can be used in the prevention and treatment of brain disease caused by the oxidative stress. CONSTITUTION: An antioxidant for the prevention and treatment of brain disease contains the Petasites japonicus extract. The Petasites japonicus extract is prepared by the steps of: obtaining an alcohol extract by extracting Petasites japonicus in alcohol, followed by concentration; obtaining a water layer by fractioning the alcohol extract with hexane and water into a hexane layer and a water layer; and obtaining a water layer by fractioning the water layer obtained in the previous step with chloroform and water into a chloroform layer and a water layer. The alcohol is 95 to 100% methanol or ethanol. The brain disease is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ischemic stroke, degenerative spinal injury or the like.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to update systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the diagnostic accuracy of postnatal clinical scoring (PCS) methods and foot length (FL) measurement for assessing gestational age (GA) and birth weight in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). In addition, the quality of reference standards, including antenatal ultrasound (A-US), last menstrual period (LMP), PCS and newborn weighing scales, was also evaluated.
METHODS: Studies from LMICs published between January 2000 and February 2024 were searched, using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Scopus. Studies that compared PCS and/or FL with LMP and/or A-US to estimate GA or used calibrated newborn weighing scales for birthweight estimation were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-II tool and evaluated the quality of the reference standards. When sufficient data were available, pooled estimates were calculated using random-effects models.
RESULTS: A total of 50 studies were included. A-US was a reasonable tool for GA assessment if conducted by physicians using fetal biometry and the Hadlock method for GA estimation. LMP was reasonable when women had regular cycles, knew their LMP, were not using contraceptives and LMP data were collected by healthcare providers. When A-US was used as the reference standard, PCS methods estimated GA with a precision of ±2.8 to ±3.2 weeks. FL measurement <7.5 cm showed a pooled sensitivity of 76.2% and specificity of 36.6% for identifying preterm birth. FL measurement ≤7.6 cm had a pooled sensitivity of 78.6% and specificity of 65.7% for identifying low birth weight (LBW). High heterogeneity across studies was observed.
CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis highlights significant variability and methodological inconsistencies in using PCS methods and FL measurement for estimating GA and LBW in LMICs. The observed high heterogeneity across studies suggests a cautious interpretation of the results.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020209455.
Bacterial wilt, caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis (Xtg), is a serious disease of economically important forage grasses, including Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). A major QTL for resistance to Xtg was previously identified, but the precise location as well as the genetic factors underlying the resistance are yet to be determined. To this end, we applied a bulked segregant analysis (BSA) approach, using whole-genome deep sequencing of pools of the most resistant and most susceptible individuals of a large (n = 7484) biparental F2 population segregating for resistance to Xtg. Using chromosome-level genome assemblies as references, we were able to define a ~300 kb region highly associated with resistance on pseudo-chromosome 4. Further investigation of this region revealed multiple genes with a known role in disease resistance, including genes encoding for Pik2-like disease resistance proteins, cysteine-rich kinases, and RGA4- and RGA5-like disease resistance proteins. Investigation of allele frequencies in the pools and comparative genome analysis in the grandparents of the F2 population revealed that some of these genes contain variants with allele frequencies that correspond to the expected heterozygosity in the resistant grandparent. This study emphasizes the efficacy of combining BSA studies in very large populations with whole genome deep sequencing and high-quality genome assemblies to pinpoint regions associated with a binary trait of interest and accurately define a small set of candidate genes. Furthermore, markers identified in this region hold significant potential for marker-assisted breeding strategies to breed resistance to Xtg in Italian ryegrass cultivars more efficiently.
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a major contributor to treatment resistance and poor outcome for patients with cancer1,2. Here we examine the diversity of ecDNA elements across cancer, revealing the associated tissue, genetic and mutational contexts. By analysing data from 14,778 patients with 39 tumour types from the 100,000 Genomes Project, we demonstrate that 17.1% of tumour samples contain ecDNA. We reveal a pattern highly indicative of tissue-context-based selection for ecDNAs, linking their genomic content to their tissue of origin. We show that not only is ecDNA a mechanism for amplification of driver oncogenes, but it also a mechanism that frequently amplifies immunomodulatory and inflammatory genes, such as those that modulate lymphocyte-mediated immunity and immune effector processes. Moreover, ecDNAs carrying immunomodulatory genes are associated with reduced tumour T cell infiltration. We identify ecDNAs bearing only enhancers, promoters and lncRNA elements, suggesting the combinatorial power of interactions between ecDNAs in trans. We also identify intrinsic and environmental mutational processes linked to ecDNA, including those linked to its formation, such as tobacco exposure, and progression, such as homologous recombination repair deficiency. Clinically, ecDNA detection was associated with tumour stage, more prevalent after targeted therapy and cytotoxic treatments, and associated with metastases and shorter overall survival. These results shed light on why ecDNA is a substantial clinical problem that can cooperatively drive tumour growth signals, alter transcriptional landscapes and suppress the immune system.
FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to cosmetic industry, in particular to protective and regenerating composition. Composition for cosmetic care, containing the first cosmetically active ingredient, which contains dried extract of grape shoots, and the second active ingredient, which contains component of ectoine type, taken in specified quantity. Cosmetic composition for local application on skin. Method of cosmetic care. ^ EFFECT: composition is efficient for skin regeneration and against aging. ^ 18 cl, 3 dwg, 3 tbl, 8 ex
Glycoprotein 2 is used for prophylaxis, diagnosis, therapy or follow-up treatment of autoimmune diseases. Glycoprotein 2 with SEQ ID NO:1 (defined sequence of 527 amino acids given in the spcification) is used for prophylaxis, diagnosis, therapy or follow-up treatment of autoimmune diseases. Independent claims are also included for: (1) use of glycoprotein 2 (GP2) to immunize mammals for producing polyclonal, monoclonal or antiidiotypic autoantibodies; (2) pharmaceutical composition comprising GP2; (3) use of a specific ligand for human immunoglobulins to prepare a ligand-coupled column for treating inflammatory bowel diseases by passing plasma from a patient through the column to remove immunoglobulins and returning the plasma to the patient; (4) treating inflammatory bowel diseases by passing plasma from a patient through a column as above to remove immunoglobulins and returning the plasma to the patient; (5) diagnostic kit comprising GP2; (6) chromatography (especially apheresis) device comprising GP2; (7) treating an autoimmune disease by binding autoantibodies to GP2 immobilized on a solid phase; (8) immunogenic agent comprising GP2. ACTIVITY : Immunosuppressive; Antinflammatory. No biological data given. MECHANISM OF ACTION : None given.
BACKGROUND: Acute suppurative cholangitis (ASC) lacks sensitive and specific preoperative diagnostic criteria. Some researchers suggest treating ASC as severe cholangitis. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) grading system for acute cholangitis (AC) and the diagnosis of acute suppurative cholangitis (ASC), searching for independent risk factors of ASC and develop a nomogram to discriminate ASC from acute nonsuppurative cholangitis (ANSC) accurately.
METHODS: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 401 patients with acute cholangitis (AC) were retrospectively analyzed at Nanjing First Hospital between January 2015 and June 2023. SPSS version 27.0 and R studio software were used to analyze data obtained from medical records. The results were validated in a prospective cohort of 82 AC patients diagnosed at Nanjing First Hospital between July 2023 and February 2024.
RESULTS: Among the 401 patients, 102 had suppurative bile (the ASC group; AC grade I: 40 [39.2%], AC grade II: 27 [26.5%], AC grade III: 35 [34.3%]), whereas 299 did not have (the ANSC group; AC grade I: 157 [52.5%], AC grade II: 92 [30.8%], AC grade III: 50 [16.7%]). The specificity of ASC for diagnosing moderate-to-severe cholangitis is 79.7%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified concurrent cholecystitis, CRP, PCT, TBA, and bile duct diameter as independent risk factors for suppurative bile, and all of these factors were included in the nomogram. The calibration curve exhibited consistency between the nomogram and the actual observation, and the area under the curve was 0.875 (95% confidence interval: 0.835-0.915), sensitivity was 86.6%, and specificity was 75.5%.
CONCLUSION: Suppurative bile is a specific indicator for diagnosing moderate-to-severe cholangitis. However, diagnosing ASC with AC grade II and AC grade III has the risk of missed diagnosis as the sensitivity is only 60.8%. To improve the diagnostic rate of ASC, this study identified concurrent cholecystitis, CRP, PCT, TBA, and preoperative bile duct diameter as independent risk factors for ASC, and a nomogram was developed to help physicians recognize patients with ASC.
Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups (n=10 per group) based on a treated with a Fotona 4D 2940 nm laser alone, the other side of face was treated with a Fotona 4D 2940 nm in combination with 1064 nm laser. The patients received three treatment sessions with monthly intervals between each session.
An RF transmitter and receiver system for inducing hyperthermia to kill or damage target cells in at least a portion of a target area, e.g. a tumour or a portion of a tumour or targeted cancerous cells, is provided. Targeted RF absorption enhancers, e.g. antibodies bound to RF absorbing particles, are introduced into a patient. These targeted RF absorption enhancers will target certain cells in the target areas and enhance the effect of a hyperthermia generating RF signal directed toward the target area. The targeted RF absorption enhancers may, in a manner of speaking, add one or more RF absorption frequencies to cells in the target area, which will permit a hyperthermia generating RF signal at that frequency or frequencies to heat the targeted cells.
Disclosed does an apparatus comprise a communication interface (250), at least one processor (210), at least one memory (220). The communicating interface (250) receives reference activity data items current activity data and current environmental data. The at least one memory (220) includes computer program code (230). The at least one memory (220) and the computer program code (230) configured to cause the apparatus to maintain a plurality of reference activity data items relating to previous activities; receive current activity data and current environmental data comprising current wind information relating to a current activity; select such reference activity data item that comprises the reference environmental data corresponding to the current environmental data; compare the current activity data with the reference activity data; and provide real-time performance feedback for a user of the apparatus in response to the comparison during the current activity. The reference activity data items comprise reference activity data associated with reference environmental data. The reference activity data comprising a reference route with waypoints and the reference environmental data comprising reference wind information.
PURPOSE: A topical composition is provided to contain a vitamin B3 compound for adjusting visible and tactile discontinuities in skin associated with aged skin. CONSTITUTION: The present invention relates to regulation of skin condition involving the topical application of a composition containing a vitamin B3 compound, especially niacinamide. The present invention also relates to regulation of skin condition involving topical application of a composition containing a vitamin B3 compound especially niacinamide, and a retinoid. The invention especially relates to regulation of signs of skin aging, more especially regulating visible and/or tactile discontinuities in mammalian skin texture, including discontinuities associated with aged skin, involving the topical application of such compositions. The present invention relates to both prophylactic and therapeutic regulation of skin condition. In preferred embodiments, the vitamin B3 compound is substantially free of the salt form and is uncomplexed, the vitamin B3 compound is niacinamide, and the carrier contains a hydrophilic diluent.
INTRODUCTION: The escalating number of teenage pregnancies, especially in the Eastern province of Rwanda, continues to raise concerns regarding the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in the country. Recent statistics indicate that 5% of adolescent girls between the ages of 15 and 19 have given birth and 4% are currently pregnant with their first child. This highlights the critical need for comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education tailored for adolescents. However, there is limited evidence on factors affecting adolescents' efforts to prevent unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections in the Eastern Province of Rwanda, and the support systems available to adolescents in secondary schools, including the role of parents in promoting their sexual and reproductive health to minimize the risky sexual practices.
METHODS: An explorative qualitative study utilizing focus group discussions was conducted to garner the perspectives of 118 adolescents enrolled in six twelve-year-basic-education schools from three districts of the Eastern Province of Rwanda. Thematic analysis was employed to identify themes related to the impact of various factors on adolescents' sexual and reproductive health as they navigate through the physical and emotional changes from puberty to adolescence.
RESULTS: Adolescents are aware of the potential consequences of engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse which include the risk of unplanned pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, HIV/AIDS, and emotional distress. Female participants emphasized that young girls who do not receive adequate support upon becoming pregnant prematurely may encounter depression, discontinue their education, face the harsh reality of extreme poverty, and struggle significantly in assuming the responsibilities of parenthood as young single mothers. Adolescents highlighted the lack of parental guidance concerning sexual and reproductive matters as a significant obstacle in their pursuit of a healthy and safe sexual and reproductive health during adolescence.
CONCLUSION: Inadequate parental engagement still hinders adolescents in navigating the physical bodily, mental, and emotional changes during adolescence. This affects their capacity to make well-informed decisions to prevent adverse consequences such as unintended pregnancies, substance misuse, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV/AIDS resulting from unsafe sexual practices. Since this study was qualitative, quantitative data necessary for a precise evaluation of the extent of the problem related to the absence of parental involvement in educating adolescents on sexual and reproductive health needs further research.
Diaphragmatic breathing exercise training was given individually to each pregnant women in the experimental group by one of the trained researchers. Two weeks after the first application, the researcher made the pregnant woman repeat the application 2 days a week via video call. Thus, a total of five diaphragmatic breathing exercises were applied to pregnant women in the experimental group during two weeks. They continued to do breathing exercises for 20-30 minutes a day for ten minutes each day for two weeks as they could tolerate.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a cosmetic composition for improving someber color which shows an excellent dark color improving effect and is effective on aging change and useful as a cosmetic or the like by including an elastase activity inhibitor and a melanin production suppressant. SOLUTION: This cosmetic composition is obtained by mixing (A) an elastase activity inhibitor, suitably a soybean protein and/or an essence of Engelhardtia chrysolepis H, with (B) a melanin production suppressant, suitably one or more than two kinds selected from arbutin, vitamin C, a vitamin C derivative, an essence of royal jelly and an essence of mulberry bark. Further, it is favorable that the components A and B are contained, for example, in amounts of about 0.01-10 wt.% and about 0.01-10 wt.%, respectively, and a hydrocarbon, e.g. Vaseline or the like, an ester, e.g. jojoba oil or the like, a triglyceride, e.g. beef tallow or the like, or the like is additionally added.
Participants will be given hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (fSRS) in 9 Gray Units (Gy) per fraction x 3 consecutive daily fractions (27 Gy total) to the index metastasis that will be resected on Days 1-3 (3 consecutive days). If there are additional non index brain metastasis, they will be treated with standard stereotactic radiosurgery at the time of fSRS. Participants will then undergo stereotactic craniotomy for surgical resection of the index metastasis within 5 days following completion of fSRS.
The main goal of this study is to generate preliminary data on the effect of VNS on FM symptoms. Specifically, the investigators will utilize a recently developed, non-invasive method of tVNS (transcutaneous VNS) via auricular branches of vagus nerve (ABVN). The investigators plan to conduct an 4-week clinical study with 60 subjects randomized into 2 groups(tVNS group and control group; 30 subjects in each group). The primary outcome measure will be pain intensity. The secondary outcome measures will be fatigue, sleep, and other health-related quality of life measure. These outcome measures will be made at baseline week 0 (before any intervention), and at the end of 4 weeks.