anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews have reported conflicting evidence on whether macrolide antibiotics reduce rates of chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD) in at-risk preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' gestation, including in those colonised with pulmonary Ureaplasma spp. Since an adequately powered trial has been lacking, we aimed to assess if the macrolide azithromycin improved survival without the development of physiologically defined moderate or severe CLD in preterm infants.
METHODS: AZTEC was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 28 tertiary neonatal intensive care units in the UK. Infants were eligible if they were born at less than 30 weeks' gestation and had received at least 2 h of either non-invasive (continuous positive airway pressure or humidified high flow nasal cannula therapy) or invasive respiratory support (via endotracheal tube) within 72 h of birth. Eligible infants were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio using random permuted blocks of four to receive either intravenous azithromycin at 20 mg/kg per day for 3 days followed by 10 mg/kg for 7 days, or to placebo. Allocation was stratified by centre and gestational age at birth (<28 weeks vs ≥28 weeks). Azithromycin and placebo vials were encased in tamper-evident custom cardboard cartons to ensure masking for clinicians, parents, and the research team. The primary outcome was survival without development of physiologically defined moderate or severe CLD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. Outcomes and safety were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis (all randomly allocated infants, regardless of any post-randomisation events). The study was registered with ISRCRN (11650227) and is closed.
FINDINGS: Infants were recruited between Oct 9, 2019, and March 22, 2022. 799 (53·1%) of 1505 eligible infants underwent random allocation; three infants were withdrawn, including consent to use their data, leaving 796 infants for analysis. Survival without moderate or severe CLD occurred in 166 (42%) of 394 infants in the intervention group and 179 (45%) of 402 in the placebo group (three-level adjusted OR [aOR] 0·84, 95% CI 0·55-1·29, p=0·43). Pulmonary Ureaplasma spp colonisation did not influence treatment effect. Overall, seven serious adverse events were reported for the azithromycin group (five graded as severe, two as moderate), and six serious adverse events were reported in the placebo group (two severe, two moderate, and two mild), as assessed by the local principal investigators.
INTERPRETATION: Since prophylactic use of azithromycin did not improve survival without development of physiologically-defined CLD, regardless of Ureaplasma spp colonisation, it cannot be recommended in clinical practice.
FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health and Care Research.
Induction treatment with placebo in combination with pembrolizumab plus pemetrexed and cisplatin or carboplatin will be administered to participants on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle for 4 cycles. Following the induction phase, participants will continue maintenance therapy with placebo in combination with pembrolizumab and pemetrexed on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle.
In this patent, a series of alginate and pluronic based solutions as the in situ gelling vehicles for ophthalmic drug delivery were developed and characterized. The rheological properties, in vitro release as well as in vivo pharmacological response of various polymer solutions, including alginate, pluronic and alginate/pluronic solution were evaluated. It was found that the optimum concentration of alginate solution for the in situ gel forming delivery systems was 2% (w/w), and that for pluronic solution was 14% (w/w). The mixture of 0.1% alginate and 14% pluronic solutions showed a significant enhancement in gel strength in the physiological condition; this gel mixture was also found to be free flowing at Ph 4.0 and 25 DEG C. The rheological behaviors of alginate/pluronic solution were not affected by the incorporation of pilocarpine hydrochloride. Both the in vitro release and in vivo pharmacological studies indicated that the alginate/pluronic solution had the better ability to retain drug than the alginate or pluronic solutions alone. The results demonstrated that the alginate/pluronic mixture can be used as an in situ gelling vehicle to enhance the ocular bioavailability.
PURPOSE: A composition for treating asthma or rhinitis using siRNA is provided to be used in a medical industry as an agent for preventing and treating asthma and rhinitis. CONSTITUTION: A composition for treating asthma and rhinitis contains siRNA as an active ingredient, which is specific to a target sequence of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) gene. The siRNA has a base sequence of sequence number 2. A composition for treating asthma and rhinitis contains bacterial cells which are transformed by a recombinant vector containing a gene which transcribes the siRNA. The siRNA suppresses the expression of MDC gene. The bacterial cell is Salmonella typhimurium.
PURPOSE:A parenteral cell activator comprising human sperm-containing semen as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION:Sperm-containing semen (collected from healthy male under sterile condition, especially preferably from youth from late teens to early thirties) is diluted with 10-20 times as much as sodium chloride injection or aqueous solution of glycerin to give parenteral cell activator. The semen is preferably used as rapidly as possible after the collection, but it is often difficult to collect it immediately when it is required, preferably the semen is prepacked into an ampul or capsule in an amount for one administration is immersed in liquid nitrogen and stored. A dose is 0.1-0.5ml/time, once in a day - seven days. The activator has no effect by oral administration. It alleviates Alzheimer's disese, various symptoms caused by cerebral embolism, etc., has improved remedying effects on prostatic hypertrophy, various senile diseases such as senile dementia, etc., with no side effect at all.
A significant proportion of adults from ages 18 to 50 have a deformity in the neck of their femur. This can be painful and is called a femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), and could lead to ones cartilage being destroyed and possibly lead to osteoarthritis of the hip. People with this deformity in their femur have been found to move their hips differently when doing tasks such as walking, squatting or climbing stairs compared to those without this problem. The investigators are testing whether exercise that targets this difference in movement can help reduce pain, improve function and prevent cartilage damage. There will recruit 84 patients with divided into 2 groups. 42 patients will do a 8 week exercise program on strengthening muscles responsible for extending the hip and stretching muscles that are associated with flexing the hip. The intensity of the program will change with visits to the physiotherapist through the course of their exercise program. This research hopes to develop an innovative, non-surgical, low-cost, highly feasible and accessible intervention for patients with FAI.
The kaleidoscope will be used 5 minutes before the blood collection procedure, as the child who will be included in the kaleidoscope group sits in the patient chair. The nurse will start preparing the child for the blood collection procedure at that time.
The COMBAT-ICU group will receive an intervention which will last for 8 weeks, with 3 sessions per week. A blended training platform with supervised in-person home visits and a real-time supervised online and unsupervised selfpractice approach will be used to deliver the intervention, with the platform gradually shifted from home visits to unsupervised self-practice according to participants' physical functioning level. Family caregivers will be involved in the intervention, so that they can facilitate home-based training. Each intervention session will last for 80 minutes and comprise 45 minutes of exercise training, a 5-minute break and 30 minutes of cognitive training. Moreover, all participants in the COMBAT-ICU group will be invited to complete a satisfaction survey and semi-structured qualitative interview, which will focus on exploring the acceptability and perceived effects from participants' perspective.
Experimental group will receive an infusion of minocycline, the investigational drug, through a needle in a vein in the arm at the dose of 200 mg at 1 h prior to transplantation and 100 mg 12 h and 24 h after transplantation. In addition, the donated liver will be flushed with 200 mg minocycline 1 h prior to transplantation.
Standard of Care (ribavirin plus pegylated interferon) plus placebo (supplied in a blinded kit containing two bottles of placebo tablets). One tablet is taken from each of the placebo bottles twice daily, for a total daily dose of 4 tablets.
Patients of arsenical keratosis remain untreated due to unavailability of effective drug. To find out an effective drug, the pathogenesis of keratosis should be understood. Spirulina is one of the dietary supplements, that improves the symptoms of keratosis. Is this improvement related to the levels of zinc, vitamin E and linoleic acid at the site of the keratosis (palm)? Ten patients of moderate palmer arsenical keratosis will be treated with spirulina powder 10 g/day orally for 12 weeks. Skin extracts will be collected both before and after supplementation from the palm and dorsum using a mixture of chloroform and ethanol. Zinc, vitamin E and linoleic acid levels will be estimated from the extracts. Similar protocol of spirulina administration and the collection of skin extracts will be done in arsenic exposed controls (n=10) and healthy volunteers (n=10).
Ephrins are protein ligands that act through the tyrosine kinase receptor family, Eph receptors. The role of ephrin/Eph in the critical processes involved in the development of the nervous system, including axon guidance and cell migration, has been well documented. Moreover, studies have shown an upregulation of ephrin B1/EphB1 and ephrin B2/EphB2 in neuropathic pain of different etiology. The activation of the ephrin B/EphB system in the dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn of the spinal cord may be essential in initiating and maintaining neuropathic pain. Accordingly, it can be proposed that the pharmacological inhibitors of EphB receptors may be potentially employed to manage the manifestations of pain. One of the primary mechanisms involved in ephrin B/EphB-mediated synaptic plasticity includes phosphorylation and activation of NMDA receptors, which may be secondary to activation of different kinases, including MAP kinases (MAPK), protein kinase C (PKC), and Src family kinases (SFK). The other molecular mechanisms may include activation of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord, caspase-3, calpain-1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase A (PKA), and cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB). The present review discusses the role and molecular mechanisms involved in ephrin B/EphB-mediated neuropathic pain of different etiology.
The Intergroup Exemestane Study 031 (IES) was a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, multinational study comparing exemestane (25 mg/day) vs. tamoxifen (20 or 30 mg/day) in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. Patients who remained disease-free after receiving adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for 2 to 3 years were randomized to receive an additional 3 or 2 years of exemestane or tamoxifen to complete a total of 5 years of hormonal therapy.

The primary objective of the study was to determine whether, in terms of disease-free survival, it was more effective to switch to exemestane rather than continuing tamoxifen therapy for the remainder of five years. Disease-free survival was defined as the time from randomization to time of local or distant recurrence of breast cancer, contralateral invasive breast cancer, or death from any cause.

The secondary objectives were to compare the two regimens in terms of overall survival and long-term tolerability. Time to contralateral invasive breast cancer and distant recurrence-free survival were also evaluated.

A total of 4724 patients in the intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis were randomized to exemestane tablets 25 mg once daily (N = 2352) or to continue to receive tamoxifen once daily at the same dose received before randomization (N = 2372). Demographics and baseline tumor characteristics are presented in Table 5. Prior breast cancer therapy is summarized in Table 6.

After a median duration of therapy of 27 months and with a median follow-up of 34.5 months, 520 events were reported, 213 in the exemestane group and 307 in the tamoxifen group (Table 7).

Disease-free survival in the intent-to-treat population was statistically significantly improved [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.82, P = 0.00003, Table 8, Figure 1] in the exemestane arm compared to the tamoxifen arm. In the hormone receptor-positive subpopulation representing about 85% of the trial patients, disease-free survival was also statistically significantly improved (HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.79, P = 0.00001) in the exemestane arm compared to the tamoxifen arm. Consistent results were observed in the subgroups of patients with node negative or positive disease, and patients who had or had not received prior chemotherapy.

An overall survival update at 119 months median follow-up showed no significant difference between the two groups, with 467 deaths (19.9%) occurring in the exemestane group and 510 deaths (21.5%) in the tamoxifen group.

Figure 1. Disease-Free Survival in the IES Study of Postmenopausal Women with Early Breast Cancer (ITT Population)
Patients undergo home-based stretching program comprising of one set of 3-4 static stretching exercises held for 30 seconds 3 days per week for 16 weeks. Patients receive instructional DVD and booklet of the flexibility exercises. Patients also complete a weekly activity log. After completion of the stretching program, patients may optionally undergo the CARE program as in group I.
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Apart from the disordered circadian rhythm in animal models and patients with depression, dysfunction of clock genes has been reported to be involved with the progress of inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the role of circadian clock genes, especially brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1), in the linkage between inflammation and depression. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged rats and BV2 cells were used in the present study. Four intraperitoneal LPS injections of 0.5 mg/kg were administered once every other day to the rats, and BV2 cells were challenged with LPS for 24 h at the working concentration of 1 mg/L, with or without the suppression of Bmal1 via small interfering RNA. The results showed that LPS could successfully induce depression-like behaviors and an "inflammatory storm" in rats, as indicated by the increased immobility time in the forced swimming test and the decreased saccharin preference index in the saccharin preference test, together with hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hyperactivation of astrocyte and microglia, and increased peripheral and central abundance of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, and C-reactive protein. Moreover, the protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1, Copine6, and Synaptotagmin1 (Syt-1) decreased in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, whereas the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 increased. Interestingly, the fluctuation of temperature and serum concentration of melatonin and corticosterone was significantly different between the groups. Furthermore, protein expression levels of the circadian locomotor output cycles kaput, cryptochrome 2, and period 2 was significantly reduced in the hippocampus of LPS-challenged rats, whereas Bmal1 expression was significantly increased in the hippocampus but decreased in the hypothalamus, where it was co-located with neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. Consistently, apart from the reduced cell viability and increased phagocytic ability, LPS-challenged BV2 cells presented a similar trend with the changed protein expression in the hippocampus of the LPS model rats. However, the pathological changes in BV2 cells induced by LPS were reversed after the suppression of Bmal1. These results indicated that LPS could induce depression-like pathological changes, and the underlying mechanism might be partly associated with the imbalanced expression of Bmal1 and its regulated dysfunction of the circadian rhythm.
BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity tends to persist into adulthood, predisposing individuals to cardiometabolic risk (CMR). This study aims to investigate the mediating role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the associations between multiple fatness indicators and individual CMR markers and clustered CMR-score, and explore sex differences.
METHODS: We recruited 1,557 children (age: 8 to 10, male/female: 52.7%/47.3%) in September 2022 in Ningbo, China. Physical examinations, overnight fasting blood test, and CRF was evaluated. The CMR-score was calculated by summing age- and sex-specific z scores of four CMR markers, including mean arterial blood pressure, triglycerides, the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. Generalized linear mixed models were used to identify the associations, mediation analyses were performed to dissect the function of CRF.
RESULTS: Partial correlation analyses revealed positive associations between high fatness indicators (including body mass index [BMI], BMI z score, body fat mass index [BFMI] and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]) and increased CMR markers, whereas high CRF was associated with decreased CMR markers (all P < 0.05). In the mediation analyses, CRF emerged as a partial mediator, attenuating the relationship between four fatness indicators and CMR-score. Specifically, CRF mediated 6.5%, 7.7%, 5.3%, and 12.5% of the association between BMI, BMI z score, BFMI, WHtR and CMR-score (all P < 0.001). And the mediating effects of CRF between WHtR and four individual CMR markers was particularly robust, ranging from 10.4% to 21.1% (all P < 0.05). What's more, CRF mediates the associations between WHtR and CMR-score more pronounced in girls than boys with a mediation effect size of 17.3% (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: In Chinese children, CRF partially mitigates the adverse effects of fatness on CMR, underscoring the significance of enhancing CRF in children.
PURPOSE: Lipoid proteinosis (LP) or Urbach-Wiethe disease (OMIM 247100) is a rare syndrome characterised by early vocal folds infiltration and subsequent multi-organ involvement. LP is often unrecognised and its associated hoarseness is overlooked. The main objective of the study was to investigate hoarseness in LP and implement a diagnosis among otolaryngologists.
METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE and OMIM databases were systematically searched. Authors concentrated the search on published articles starting from the discovery of the pathogenesis of LP by Hamada et al. in 2002. Only cases in which a diagnosis was reported both clinically and through biopsy and/or genetic molecular testing were included. Characteristics of the LP cases were extracted from each included study. Results were obtained through Generalized Estimating Equations.
RESULTS: The search strategy yielded 217 articles, of which 74 (34.1%) met the selection criteria. A total of 154 cases were included. Hoarseness was described in all LP cases and clearly stated as the onset symptom in 68.8%. The onset was on average at 19 months of age (CI: 3.00-20.00), while the mean age at diagnosis was 15 years (CI: 10.00-30.00). Therefore, the diagnostic delay amounted to 13.42 years (CI: 8.00-23.83). Hoarseness alone was responsible for an LP diagnosis in only 14.3% of cases. In 43.5% of cases, genetic analysis of the ECM1 gene was performed and exon 6 was the most frequently altered portion.
CONCLUSION: Analysing the largest number of published cases, the study underlined that hoarseness is the key symptom for diagnosing LP since early childhood, though frequently overlooked.
PURPOSE: To provide a medicine adequate for use in the treatment of diseases particularly related with the regulation abnormality of the immune system. CONSTITUTION: This medicine contains the p40 subunit of the natural or recombined or, in some cases, modified mammal interleukin-12 (IL-12). The p40 subunit is preferably obtd. from the tissues or cells derived from humans. The medicine is used for the treatment of, diseases related with the adjustment abnormality of activity mediated with the IL-12 for example, the systemic erythematosus, Wegner syndromes or autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatic arthritis, cell or virus infection and certain solid tumors or leukemia. The p40 subunit is used for detection of the IL-12 in, for example, the human body fluid in accordance with the fact that the IL-12 activity is specifically hindered by p40. Conversely, the IL-12p p40 subunit is detected by using a diagnostic medicine contg. the IL-12.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) has highly heterogeneous clinical presentations, in which encephalitis is an important phenotype. Moreover, MOGAD has been reported to exhibit diverse imaging findings. However, there have been no previous reports of cases with perivascular radial gadolinium enhancement in periventricular regions, commonly reported in autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy. In this paper, we present two cases of MOGAD with this MRI feature, both of which underwent brain biopsy for the lesions. Brain biopsies revealed perivenous demyelination and inflammation consistent with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), with pronounced axonal damage in Case 1 and minimal axonal involvement in Case 2. Case 1 exhibited more severe cerebral atrophy than Case 2, correlating with the extent of axonal damage. Through these cases, we highlight the heterogeneity of radiological manifestations of MOGAD, expanding the spectrum beyond previously defined MRI patterns. Furthermore, histopathological analysis revealed distinct axonal involvement as a potential prognostic marker of brain atrophy. These observations emphasize the importance of considering MOGAD in the differential diagnosis, even in cases with atypical imaging findings, and highlight the significance of brain biopsy in guiding both diagnosis and prognosis.
PURPOSE:To provide a cosmetic containing a microcapsule containing a cosmetic component and a spherical or non-spherical particle having a specific particle diameter and having stable quality and improved applicability. Even cosmetic components having poor compatibility with each other can be compounded in the same cosmetic composition. CONSTITUTION:The objective cosmetic contains (A) microcapsules containing a cosmetic component (e.g. oil, surfactant, pigment, perfumery vitamin, hormone, ultraviolet absorber, etc.) and (B) spherical or non-spherical particles having particle diameter of 0.05-2mm. The quality of a cosmetic can be improved by encapsulating a component unstable to air or light or a component which cannot be compounded with the other component. The collapse of the microcapsules can be promoted effectively by the presence of the spherical and non-spherical particles. The above composition is applied to a cosmetic which is wiped off, peeled off or washed out after use.
The participants randomly assigned to the groups will first be administered data collection forms as a pre-test. Then, the experimental group will be made to watch the training videos prepared by AFAD on disaster preparedness, disaster moment and post-disaster by using virtual reality goggles. Then, data collection for the post-test will be carried out from both groups. After a 3-month follow-up period, follow-up test questionnaires will be collected from both groups.