anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies. With antibiotic-first treatment strategies gaining importance, the risk of an appendiceal tumor as an incidental finding or as the cause of appendicitis presents an obstacle to a conservative approach. Neuroendocrine tumors, the most frequent type of appendiceal tumors, are difficult to diagnose preopera-tively due to their small size. This study aims to identify predictive factors for neuroendocrine tumors in patients undergoing surgery for acute appendicitis by analyzing imaging and clinical characteristics, thereby enhancing preoperative diagnostic accuracy and guiding surgical interventions.
METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 1,298 patients who underwent appendectomy from January 2014 to May 2024. After excluding 59 patients with normal pathology results, 40 with variable pathologies, and 49 with inaccessible computed tomography (CT) images, 1,150 patients remained (1,135 with acute appendicitis and 15 with neuroendocrine tumors). Abdominal CT scans were evaluated for appendiceal diameter, wall thickness, cecal wall thickness, periappendiceal fat stranding, fluid collection, lymphadenopathy, intraluminal and free periappendiceal air, mucosal hyperenhancement, the presence of appendicolith, mural calcification, and mural nodules.
RESULTS: The presence of a mural nodule protruding into the lumen was significantly higher in neuroendocrine tumor patients compared to those with acute appendicitis, with a sensitivity of 53.3%, specificity of 95.8%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 31.9%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.4%, and accuracy of 97.9%. Intraluminal air was also more frequent in neuroendocrine tumor patients, with a sensitivity of 53.3%, specificity of 76.7%, PPV of 2.9%, NPV of 99.2%, and accuracy of 76.4%. Other imaging parameters did not show significant differences between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: This study identifies mural nodules and intraluminal air as significant predictors of neuroendocrine tumors in patients with acute appendicitis, emphasizing the importance of meticulous preoperative imaging evaluations. Incorporating these predictors into diagnostic protocols could improve the preoperative identification of neuroendocrine tumors, enabling more appropriate surgical interventions. Future research should validate these findings through prospective studies and explore advanced imaging techniques to further enhance the detection of appendiceal neoplasms, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing overlooked malignancies.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: There are various approaches available for surgical management of large prostatic adenomas - open, laparoscopic as well as laser enucleation - but there are no available clear cut consensus or guidelines. We present our experience in Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Simple Prostatectomy on 14 patients with large prostatic adenoma (>100 g).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis on 14 patients with large prostatic adenoma who underwent extraperitoneal laparoscopic prostatectomy (LSP) over a period of 2 years (2021-2023). All selected patients underwent extraperitoneal LSP. The case records were retrospectively reviewed and data were collected regarding age, clinical presentation, prostate size, median surgical time, intra-operative and post-operative events, pre-operative and post-operative assessment of IPSS score, Uroflowmetry and PVR values and duration of hospital stay.
RESULTS: A total of 14 patients underwent LSP. The median age was 64.2 years and the median prostatic size was 123.25 g. Median operative time was 150 min. None of the patients required blood transfusion; mean Post-operative day (POD) for drain removal was 2.5 days. The mean duration of hospital stay was 3.5 days. Only one patient had urinary leak and vesico-cutaneous fistula which was managed conservatively by prolonged catheterisation. At 3 months follow-up, there was significant improvement in IPSS Score (mean 7.8 vs 21.3 pre-operatively), uroflow values (mean Qmax of 27.3 vs 6.8 pre-operatively) and PVR (mean 30.5 vs 350 ml pre-operatively).
CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic Simple Prostatectomy is a safe and feasible approach for large prostatic adenomas with lesser morbidity and complications and satisfactory outcome.
An aerosolization system includes a squeezable container having a resilient container body. The container is configured to deliver a unit dosage of a liquid when squeezed a single time. The system also includes an aerosolizer that is constructed of a housing defining a mouthpiece, and an aerosol generator disposed in the housing. The aerosol generator comprises a vibratable membrane having a front face and a rear face, and a vibratable element used to vibrate the membrane. Further, the housing includes an opening that is adapted to receive a unit dosage of the liquid from the container. The opening provides a liquid path to the rear face of the vibratable membrane.
In a 24-month carcinogenicity study, rats were treated orally with granisetron 1, 5 or 50 mg/kg/day (6, 30 or 300 mg/m2/day). The 50 mg/kg/day dose was reduced to 25 mg/kg/day (150 mg/m2/day) during week 59 due to toxicity. For a 50 kg person of average height (1.46 m2 body surface area), these doses represent 16, 81 and 405 times the recommended clinical dose (0.37 mg/m2, iv) on a body surface area basis. There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas and adenomas in males treated with 5 mg/kg/day (30 mg/m2/day, 81 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) and above, and in females treated with 25 mg/kg/day (150 mg/m2/day, 405 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area). No increase in liver tumors was observed at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day (6 mg/m2/day, 16 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) in males and 5 mg/kg/day (30 mg/m2/day, 81 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) in females. In a 12-month oral toxicity study, treatment with granisetron 100 mg/kg/day (600 mg/m2/day, 1622 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) produced hepatocellular adenomas in male and female rats while no such tumors were found in the control rats. A 24-month mouse carcinogenicity study of granisetron did not show a statistically significant increase in tumor incidence, but the study was not conclusive.

Because of the tumor findings in rat studies, granisetron hydrochloride injection should be prescribed only at the dose and for the indication recommended [see Indications and Usage (1) and Dosage and Administration (2)].

Granisetron was not mutagenic in an in vitro Ames test and mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay, and in vivo mouse micronucleus test and in vitro and ex vivo rat hepatocyte UDS assays. It, however, produced a significant increase in UDS in HeLa cells in vitro and a significant increased incidence of cells with polyploidy in an in vitro human lymphocyte chromosomal aberration test.

Granisetron at subcutaneous doses up to 6 mg/kg/day (36 mg/m2/day, 97 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) was found to have no effect on fertility and reproductive performance of male and female rats.
If overdose occurs the patient must be monitored for evidence of toxicity. Treatment of overdose with COMPLERA consists of general supportive measures, including monitoring of vital signs and ECG (QT interval) as well as observation of the clinical status of the patient.

Emtricitabine: Hemodialysis treatment removes approximately 30% of the FTC dose over a 3-hour dialysis period starting within 1.5 hours of FTC dosing (blood flow rate of 400 mL per minute and a dialysate flow rate of 600 mL per minute). It is not known whether FTC can be removed by peritoneal dialysis.

Rilpivirine: There is no specific antidote for overdose with RPV. Human experience of overdose with RPV is limited. Since RPV is highly bound to plasma protein, dialysis is unlikely to result in significant removal of RPV.

Tenofovir DF: Tenofovir is efficiently removed by hemodialysis with an extraction coefficient of approximately 54%. Following a single 300 mg dose of TDF, a 4-hour hemodialysis session removed approximately 10% of the administered tenofovir dose.
BACKGROUND: Unsafe sleep environments are the primary modifiable risk factor for sudden unexpected infant death (SUID). Despite this knowledge, products that deviate from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) safe sleep recommendations continue to be commonplace, such as inclined sleepers. Analyses to estimate risk among these products are lacking, perpetuating their presence in the marketplace. We present a method of comparing risk of SUID in an inclined sleeper to an AAP-recommended sleep environment.
METHODS: A case-control analysis using publicly available and previously published survey data was conducted for SUID events occurring between January 1, 2018 and April 12, 2019 (the date of the first inclined sleeper recall). SUID deaths were categorized as occurring in an AAP-recommended sleep environments or in an inclined sleeper. Exposure Odds Ratios (OR) are reported as the risk of SUID among infants using inclined sleepers relative to an AAP-recommended sleep environment.
RESULTS: During the study period, 4,900,573 births and 4,363 SUID deaths occurred in the US. Control characteristics were similar between previous night users of an AAP-recommended sleep environment (24%) and inclined sleepers (3.8%). Inclined sleepers were associated with a 5-fold (OR: 5.1; 95% CI: 3.2, 7.9) increased risk of SUID among infants < 12 months compared to infants in an AAP-recommended sleep environment. This risk was greatest among infants ≥ 4 months (RR: 10.4; 95% CI: 5.1, 21.5).
CONCLUSIONS: This novel analysis fills a longstanding gap in risk assessments of inclined infant sleep products. More timely risk analyses may improve the safety of the marketplace.
Adults and children weighing over 20 kg:

For genitourinary or gastrointestinal tract infections other than gonorrhea in men and women, the usual dose is 500 mg qid in equally spaced doses; severe or chronic infections may require larger doses. For the treatment of gonorrhea in both men and women, a single oral dose of 3.5 grams of ampicillin administered simultaneously with 1 gram of probenecid is recommended. Physicians are cautioned to use no less than the above recommended dosage for the treatment of gonorrhea. Follow-up cultures should be obtained from the original site(s) of infection 7 to 14 days after therapy. In women, it is also desirable to obtain culture test-of-cure from both the endocervical and anal canals. Prolonged intensive therapy is needed for complications such as prostatitis and epididymitis.

For respiratory tract infections, the usual dose is 250 mg qid in equally spaced doses.

Pediatric patients weighing 20 kg or less:

For genitourinary or gastrointestinal tract infections, the usual dose is 100 mg/kg/day total, qid in equally divided and spaced doses. For respiratory tract infections, the usual dose is 50 mg/kg/day total, in equally divided and spaced doses three to four times daily. Doses for children should not exceed doses recommended for adults.

All Patients, Irrespective of Age and Weight:

Larger doses may be required for severe or chronic infections. Although ampicillin is resistant to degradation by gastric acid, it should be administered at least one-half hour before or two hours after meals for maximal absorption. Except for the single dose regimen for gonorrhea referred to above, therapy should be continued for a minimum of 48 to 72 hours after the patient becomes asymptomatic or evidence of bacterial eradication has been obtained. In infections caused by hemolytic strains of streptococci, a minimum of 10 days’ treatment is recommended to guard against the risk of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis (see PRECAUTIONS–Laboratory Tests). In the treatment of chronic urinary or gastrointestinal infections, frequent bacteriologic and clinical appraisal is necessary during therapy and may be necessary for several months afterwards. Stubborn infections may require treatment for several weeks. Smaller doses than those indicated above should not be used.
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) and X-linked protoporphyria (XLP) are genetic defects of heme biosynthesis that cause life-long, painful cutaneous sensitivity to light. EPP and XLP, collectively called the protoporphyrias, result in the accumulation of the light-sensitive molecule protoporphyrin IX initially in the bone marrow during hemoglobin synthesis and secondarily in erythrocytes, plasma, and the liver. In addition to photosensitivity, protoporphyria can also result in anemia, gallstones, and liver failure. No therapy has been demonstrated to reduce protoporphyrin levels or prevent the potentially life-threatening complications of EPP. Cimetidine has gained attention as a possible treatment for human porphyrias because of a potential off-target effect of inhibition of delta-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), the first enzyme of heme biosynthesis. This inhibition was first described in vitro; however, case reports of benefit in EPP have been anecdotal and uncontrolled. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of oral cimetidine administration in the protoporphyrias. Efficacy will be based on protoporphyrin levels, photosensitivity, and quality of life questionnaires. If the results are positive, this would be the first study providing quality evidence for an agent acting as a disease-modifying therapy for EPP. The study is also attractive because it repurposes an already approved drug with few side effects to treat a rare human disease.

The study design is a prospective, blinded, randomized, 2x2 cross-over design comparing cimetidine to placebo in patients with protoporphyria. Eligible protoporphyria patients will be randomized with equal allocation to one of two treatment sequences that will be administered over two 3-month study periods. Randomization will be stratified by site and permuted block randomization will be used to prevent chronological bias. Patients randomized to sequence 1 will receive placebo during period 1 and cimetidine during period 2. Patients randomized to sequence 2 will receive cimetidine during period 1 and placebo during period 2. Between periods, to eliminate any carry-over effects from the treatment administered in period 1, a wash-out period of 3 months will occur in which all patients receive neither cimetidine nor placebo. Three months was selected for each study period and for the wash-out period because of the rapid decline in protoporphyrin in red cells over the lifespan of the red cell (120 days), as well as to account for the time frame needed to measure light sensitivity in EPP.
The invention discloses a rosin-based micromolecular hydrogel and a supermolecule hydrogel formed by the rosin-based micromolecular hydrogel, and belongs to the fields of supermolecule chemistry, surfactant science and rosin chemical utilization. The rosin-based micromolecular hydrogel agent can be used for gelling water at an extremely low concentration, the critical gelling concentration is only 0.176 wt%, each molecule of the hydrogel agent can fix 13889 water molecules on average, and the hydrogel agent shows extremely high gelling capacity. The small molecule hydrogel also shows extremely strong stability. The reason is that the 6-dehydroabietylamide-N, N-dimethyl-hexylamine oxide molecule forms a fiber structure of a left-handed helix having a diameter of about 10nm by molecular self-assembly. The fibers are intertwined with each other to form a three-dimensional network structure, and then water molecules are fixed through the actions of capillary action, surface tension and the like, so that the stable hydrogel is formed. The supermolecule hydrogel is derived from natural product rosin, has mild property, and can be applied to the fields of drug sustained release, tissue engineering, daily chemicals, medicines and the like.
Patients have a injection 0.1mg short-acting Triptorelin acetate (Decapeptyl®, Ferring, Germany) every day, 10-12 days before the next menstrual cycle. If complete pituitary down-regulation is achieved after 14-21 days, exogenous gonadotropins will be given according to the participants' BMI. The physician will monitor the follicular growth and the serum hormone level and adjust the dose of exogenous gonadotropins accordingly. When the desired follicle size is reached, human chorionic gonadotropin will be administered. Oocyte retrieval will be performed 36-38 hours later under ultrasound monitoring. Oocyte retrieved will be cultured in vitro for 3-6h before being fertilized via IVF or ICSI. Two top-quality Day 3 cleavage embryos will be transferred 72h after retrieval.
This is a Phase I, multi-center, dose-escalation study to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of oral therapy with AZD1775 (adavosertib) when combined with a fixed-dose of MEDI4736 (durvalumab). Immunogenicity, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary anti-tumour activity in patients with refractory solid tumours will also be investigated. In the initial design of this study a novel combination of AZD1775 (adavosertib) and MEDI4736 (durvalumab) was tested. The starting dose of AZD1775 (adavosertib) was 125 mg BID, over 5 days with 9 days off in 14-day cycles. This was designated Schedule A. This dose was not well tolerated. Two of six patients experienced dose limiting toxicity (DLT). The protocol was amended to include three additional dosing schedules. designated Schedules B, C, and D. In Schedule B patients will receive MEDI4736 (durvalumab) on Day 1, AZD1775 (adavosertib) on Days 15-17 and Days 22-24 of a 28-day cycle. In Schedule C, patients will receive MEDI4736 (durvalumab) on Day 1, AZD1775 (adavosertib) on Days 8-10, Days 15-17 and Days 22-24 of 28-day cycles. In Schedule D, patients will receive MEDI4736 (durvalumab) on Day 1 and AZD1775 (adavosertib) on Days 15-19 and Days 22-26 of a 28-day cycle. AZD1775 (adavosertib) will be dosed on a maximum of 6 days (Schedule B), 9 days (Schedule C), or 10 days (Schedule D) in each 28-day cycle. In all schedules, dexamethasone will be administered as an anti-emetic on the first day of each of the AZD1775 (adavosertib) consecutive dosing day blocks including the lead-in portion for Schedules B, C, and D. AZD1775 (adavosertib) will be administered at least 1 week after MEDI4736 (durvalumab) administration. Three to six patients will be enrolled in dose level 1 of Schedule B and evaluated for safety over a 28-day cycle prior to opening Schedule C dose level 1 for enrolment. Following safety evaluation of three to six patients in Schedule C dose level 1, a decision will be made by the Safety Review Team (SRT) to move forward with one or both schedules for further dose escalation. Three to six patients will be enrolled in Schedule D dose level 1 and evaluated for safety over a 28-day cycle. Patients in Schedule D will be evaluated for escalation independently of those in Schedules A, B, and C. Dose escalation will continue until identification of the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD). Once the MTD is determined this cohort will be expanded to a total of 18 patients to collect further safety data and for preliminary assessment of efficacy. Alternative dose levels/cohorts and/or schedules may be explored if emerging data suggest these would be more appropriate. The first day of Cycle 1 in Schedules B, C, and D will be preceded by a lead-in period of AZD1775 (adavosertib) monotherapy to enable serial sampling for assessment of pharmacokinetic parameters.
Single-dose treatment with LIDODERM was compared to treatment with vehicle patch (without lidocaine), and to no treatment (observation only) in a double-blind, crossover clinical trial with 35 post-herpetic neuralgia patients. Pain intensity and pain relief scores were evaluated periodically for 12 hours. LIDODERM performed statistically better than vehicle patch in terms of pain intensity from 4 to 12 hours.

Multiple-dose, two-week treatment with LIDODERM was compared to vehicle patch (without lidocaine) in a double-blind, crossover clinical trial of withdrawal-type design conducted in 32 patients, who were considered as responders to the open-label use of LIDODERM prior to the study. The constant type of pain was evaluated but not the pain induced by sensory stimuli (dysesthesia). Statistically significant differences favoring LIDODERM were observed in terms of time to exit from the trial (14 versus 3.8 days at p-value less than 0.001), daily average pain relief, and patient's preference of treatment. About half of the patients also took oral medication commonly used in the treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia. The extent of use of concomitant medication was similar in the two treatment groups.
The participant allocated in the CIG will receive a semi-flexible non-moulded insole with a 2.5mm coverage with Shore A 28, a 5mm retrocapital bar with a Shore A 22 and a 2mm infracapital bar of the first metatarsal with a Shore A 35, produced in acetate. -ethylene vinyl (EVA) and manufactured by researcher C. The insole will be used on both feet to maintain symmetry between the limbs and generate greater comfort, since this will not be a corrective intervention.
A technique for determining the MS status of a MS (multiple sclerosis) patient is presented, such as relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) or Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS) or a transition status from RRMS to SPMS. In this technique, a user inputs patient data and the patient's age and optionally an EDSS score and/or a T25FW score to a processor. The patient data query includes items grouped into a first group relating to relapse and recovery, a second group relating to symptoms experienced, and a third group relating to effects experienced by the patient over a predetermined period of time. Each item has an assigned predetermined weight and includes a plurality of corresponding predetermined responses. Each response has an assigned predetermined score. Predetermined weights are also assigned to age queries and EDSS queries and/or T25FW queries. The processor generates an overall score based on the first, second, and third sets of scores and age scores and optionally the included EDSS score and/or T25FW score, and determines an MS state, such as RRMS or SPMS or a transition from RRMS to SPMS, based on the overall score.
Heart failure (HF) is a multi-faceted, complex clinical syndrome characterized by significant morbidity, high mortality rate, reduced quality of life, and rapidly increasing healthcare costs. A larger proportion of these costs comprise both ambulatory and emergency department visits, as well as hospital admissions. Despite the methods used by telehealth (TH) to improve self-care and quality of life, patient outcomes remain poor. HF management is associated with numerous challenges, such as conflicting evidence from clinical trials, heterogeneity of TH devices, variability in patient inclusion and exclusion criteria, and discrepancies between healthcare systems. A growing body of evidence suggests there is an unmet need for increased individualization of in-hospital management, continuous remote monitoring of patients pre and post-hospital admission, and continuation of treatment post-discharge in order to reduce re-hospitalizations and improve long-term outcomes. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art for HF and associated novel technologies and advancements in the most frequently used types of TH (implantable sensors), categorizing devices in their preclinical and clinical stage, bench-to-bedside implementation challenges, and future perspectives on remote HF management to improve long-term outcomes of HF patients. The Review also highlights recent advancements in non-invasive remote monitoring technologies demonstrated by a few pilot observational prospective cohort studies.