anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The purpose of this study is to find out more about how the brain forms and stores emotional learning. Emotional learning refers to our ability to form an association between sounds or places with emotional events. In particular, we would like to understand how human beings learn not to fear and whether individuals with OCD use certain areas of the brain differently than control individuals. We hope this study will help us understand why people with OCD cannot control unwanted fear. We are also interested in learning about how behavioral therapy (BT) for OCD affects emotional learning in the brain. Patients in this study will have an equal chance of undergoing 12 weeks of BT immediately or being placed on a 12-week "waitlist," and then partaking in BT. They will be asked to participate in tasks while in an MRI that takes pictures of the brain. This study will also use mild, half-second electric shocks to fingers. The electric current will be generated from a 9V battery (e.g., battery in a smoke alarm). In order to set the level of the current to be used during the study, we will begin at a level below what patients will be able to feel, and then increase in gradual steps with permission. Patients will be asked to stop the increase at a level of the current that they find highly annoying but not painful. The level of current that patients select during this trial procedure, and no higher level, will be used during the study so that they will not receive any painful electric shocks. The purpose of the electric shock is to create a situation in which emotional learning may occur. Patients will receive no more than ten of these electric shocks.

If patients are assigned to immediate BT, participation in this study includes about 20-22 visits to our two clinics at MGH and the Charlestown Navy Yard over the span of 6 months. This includes an initial assessment visit (2.5-3 hours), 12 therapy visits (each session lasting 60-90 minutes long), and 1 booster session at the MGH OCD and Related Disorders Clinic. During the course of therapy, patients will receive weekly practice work between sessions, which should take around 30 minutes to an hour each day to complete. Additionally, patients will participate in 3 MRI scanning sessions at the Charlestown Navy Yard Campus: 2 scans over a two-day period during baseline visit, 2 scans over a two-day period during week 4 visit, and 2 scans over a two-day period during 3-month follow-up (week 24) appointment.

If patients are assigned to the 12-week waiting period before starting BT, participation will include about 21 visits to our clinics, including an initial assessment visit (2.5-3 hours), 12 therapy visits (after the waiting period ends), and 1 booster session at the MGH OCD and Related Disorders Clinic. Patients will be asked to come to the clinic for assessments during weeks 4 and 6 and after the waiting period (week 12). Patients will also participate in 2 MRI scanning sessions at the Charlestown Navy Yard Campus: 2 scans over a two-day period during baseline visit and 2 scans over a two-day period during week 4 visit. Patients may NOT begin any new therapy or medication while on the waiting list.
OBJECTIVE: The accessibility issue of orphan drugs in China is prominent. Based on real-world data from a tier-one city in Northeast China, this study aims to analyze the current usage and affordability of orphan drugs for rare diseases.
METHODS: The data was sourced from the health insurance claims data of a certain city from 2018 to 2021, including a total of 16 orphan drugs. The utilization of orphan drugs is assessed using four indicators: frequency of medical insurance claims, medication cost, defined daily doses (DDDs), and defined daily drug cost (DDDc). Affordability is measured using the concept of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE).
RESULTS: Between January 2018 and December 2021, there were a total of 2,851 medical insurance claims in the city, with a total medication costs of $3.08 million. Overall, during the study, there was a year-on-year increase in the utilization frequency of individual rare disease drugs in the city, with DDDs rising from 140.22 in 2018 to 3983.63 in 2021. Additionally, the annual medication costs of individual drugs showed a consistent upward trend, increasing from $10,953.53 in 2018 to $120,491.36 in 2021. However, the DDDc of individual drugs decreased from $398.12 in 2018 to $96.65 in 2021.The number of sales and the amount of sales for orphan drugs in community pharmacies have significantly increased. Prior to medical insurance coverage, out of the 16 orphan drugs, 9 drugs had annual treatment costs exceeding CHE for urban residents, and 15 drugs had annual treatment costs exceeding CHE for rural residents. After medical insurance coverage, there were no drugs with out-of-pocket costs exceeding CHE for urban residents, while 8 drugs had out-of-pocket costs exceeding CHE for rural residents. Furthermore, both before and after medical insurance coverage, the four treatment drugs for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension were more affordable compared to the four treatment drugs for multiple sclerosis.
CONCLUSION: The usage frequency of orphan drugs in a certain city increased gradually, but the disease burden remained heavy. More policy support should be provided to the priority rare disease populations, and the rare disease medical security and diagnosis and treatment systems should be improved.
A method for remote intervention for a subject includes acquiring an image of a region of interest of the subject using an interventional device positioned on the subject and an image acquisition system. The region of interest includes a target structure and the subject is located at a first site. The method further includes analyzing the acquired image using an image analysis module to identify and label the target structure in the region of interest and transmitting the labelled image from the first site to a second site for expert review. The second site is remote from the first site. The method further includes receiving a command signal at the first site from the second site where the command signal is generated based on the expert review of the labelled image and configured to control an action of the interventional device. In some embodiments, the method may further include analyzing the acquired image to determine a pathway to the vessel that avoids critical structures.
INTRODUCTION: Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (fCCMs) are rare, hereditary conditions characterized by multiple central nervous system lesions. Despite their rarity, CCMs can cause significant clinical challenges when symptomatic, manifesting as seizure and symptomatic hemorrhage (CASH). Guidelines suggest neurosurgical intervention for symptomatic or previously symptomatic lesions, while conservative management is recommended for new-onset epilepsy. However, the natural history and optimal management remain unclear, necessitating further research.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the clinical features, hemorrhage risk, and epilepsy outcomes in fCCM patients over an extended follow-up period, offering a more precise estimate of CASH and epilepsy rates in this population.
METHODS: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study included fCCM patients enrolled from 2001 to May 2024. Data collected included demographic information, new neurological symptoms, symptomatic hemorrhages, seizures, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. Incidence rates of first symptomatic events and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were calculated, with logistic and Cox-proportional hazard regression models used to evaluate outcomes.
RESULTS: A total of 47 patients were included in this study, with a mean age at diagnosis of 37.51 years. At diagnosis, 68 % were symptomatic, with 30 % having CASH and 36 % experiencing seizures without CASH. During a median follow-up of 126.0 months (interquartile range, 110.5 months), 17 % had a new CASH event, 20 % had seizures without CASH, and 60 % remained asymptomatic. The bleeding rate was 1.02 % per patient-year, with new focal neurological symptoms at 2.045 per 1000 patient-years and new CASH at 10.225 per 1000 patient-years. Most patients maintained minimal or no disability (mRS 0 or 1). Presenting with epilepsy at baseline significantly increased the odds of future seizures (OR 18.13, p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the complex presentation and progression of fCCMs, emphasizing the necessity for long-term monitoring. Baseline epilepsy is a significant predictor of future seizures, underscoring the need for individualized management strategies. Future research with larger cohorts and standardized criteria is essential to refine the understanding and management of fCCMs.
Patients randomized to the music therapy group will receive 1-3 10-40 minute music therapy sessions during each of the days of their stay on the inpatient unit. Each participant randomized to the music therapy intervention will be given a personalized CD and one portable CD player with headphones which they may keep after the study has ended.
The safety and efficacy of ketoconazole foam, 2% were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial in subjects 12 years and older with mild to severe seborrheic dermatitis. In the trial, 427 subjects received ketoconazole foam, 2% and 420 subjects received vehicle foam. Subjects applied ketoconazole foam, 2% or vehicle foam twice daily for 4 weeks to affected areas on the face, scalp, and/or chest. The overall disease severity in terms of erythema, scaling, and induration was assessed at Baseline and week 4 on a 5-point Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA) scale.

Treatment success was defined as achieving a Week 4 (end of treatment) ISGA score of 0 (clear) or 1 (majority of lesions have individual scores for scaling, erythema, and induration that averages 1 [minimal or faint]) and at least two grades of improvement from baseline. The results are presented in Table 2. The database was not large enough to assess whether there were differences in effects in age, gender, or race subgroups.
A method for the treatment of myeloma and thymoma by administering a therapeutically effective dose of  Mycobacterium indicus pranii  with Cyclophosphamide. This disclosure generally relates to the field of cancer biology. More specifically, this disclosure relates to the immunotherapeutic treatment of myeloma and thymoma, using a combination of heat killed  Mycobacterium indicus pranii  and the widely administered chemotherapeutic drug, Cyclophosphamide.  Mycobacterium indicus pranii  has already shown its efficacy as an immunomodulator and has been safely administered to humans. The most common method of cancer management is the application of chemotherapeutic drugs which results in side-effects. At lower non-toxic doses Cyclophosphamide is not effective. The present disclosure discloses a method of improving efficacy of non-toxic doses of Cyclophosphamide by administrating it together with  Mycobacterium indicus pranii . This disclosure is relevant for the treatment of other lymphomas as well.
The mechanism of action of doxazosin mesylate is selective blockade of the alpha1 (postjunctional) subtype of adrenergic receptors. Studies in normal human subjects have shown that doxazosin competitively antagonized the pressor effects of phenylephrine (an alpha1 agonist) and the systolic pressor effect of norepinephrine. Doxazosin and prazosin have similar abilities to antagonize phenylephrine. The antihypertensive effect of doxazosin mesylate results from a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. The parent compound doxazosin is primarily responsible for the antihypertensive activity. The low plasma concentrations of known active and inactive metabolites of doxazosin (2-piperazinyl, 6΄- and 7΄-hydroxy and 6- and 7-O-desmethyl compounds) compared to parent drug indicate that the contribution of even the most potent compound (6΄-hydroxy) to the antihypertensive effect of doxazosin in man is probably small. The 6΄- and 7΄-hydroxy metabolites have demonstrated antioxidant properties at concentrations of 5 μM, in vitro.

Administration of doxazosin mesylate results in a reduction in systemic vascular resistance. In patients with hypertension there is little change in cardiac output. Maximum reductions in blood pressure usually occur 2 to 6 hours after dosing and are associated with a small increase in standing heart rate. Like other alpha1-adrenergic blocking agents, doxazosin has a greater effect on blood pressure and heart rate in the standing position.

In a pooled analysis of placebo-controlled hypertension studies with about 300 hypertensive patients per treatment group, doxazosin, at doses of 1 to 16 mg given once daily, lowered blood pressure at 24 hours by about 10/8 mmHg compared to placebo in the standing position and about 9/5 mmHg in the supine position. Peak blood pressure effects (1 to 6 hours) were larger by about 50 to 75% (i.e., trough values were about 55 to 70% of peak effect), with the larger peak-trough differences seen in systolic pressures. There was no apparent difference in the blood pressure response of Caucasians and blacks or of patients above and below age 65. In these predominantly normocholesterolemic patients doxazosin produced small reductions in total serum cholesterol (2 to 3%), LDL cholesterol (4%), and a similarly small increase in HDL/total cholesterol ratio (4%). The clinical significance of these findings is uncertain. In the same patient population, patients receiving doxazosin mesylate gained a mean of 0.6 kg compared to a mean loss of 0.1 kg for placebo patients.
Melanoma arising from pigment-producing melanocytes is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Extensive ultraviolet light exposure is a major cause of melanoma and individuals with low levels of melanin are at particular risk. Humans carrying gain-of-function polymorphisms in the melanosomal/endolysosomal two-pore cation channel TPC2 present with hypopigmentation, blond hair, and albinism. Loss of TPC2 is associated with decreased cancer/melanoma proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor growth and metastasis formation, and TPC2 depleted melanoma cells show increased levels of melanin. How TPC2 activity is controlled in melanoma and the downstream molecular effects of TPC2 activation on melanoma development remain largely elusive. Here we show that the small GTPase Rab7a strongly enhances the activity of TPC2 and that effects of TPC2 on melanoma hallmarks, in vitro and in vivo strongly depend on the presence of Rab7a, which controls TPC2 activity to modulate GSK3β, β-Catenin, and MITF, a major regulator of melanoma development and progression.
A method to track an individual wearing a battery-operated wearable and lockable tracking device. An identification number is provided on the tracking device or separately from the tracking device and remotely stored. Device location information about the tracking device is received from the location tracker. Based on the location information received, a determination is made whether the individual is potentially subject to a condition. In such case, the device location is tracked, and the individual is wirelessly alerted and tracked. Upon tracking, the individual is identified.
Surgical technique for congenital cataract is now more and more mature, but many young patients still have obvious postoperative inflammatory response, which might cause visual axial opacification, posterior synechiae and secondary glaucoma. Triamcinolone is used in intraocular injection for its anti-inflammatory effect However, the application of Triamcinolone was reported to be associated with high intraocular pressure. It is necessary to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of using triamcinolone in congenital cataract surgery.

In this randomized clinical trial, children with equal degree of congenital cataract in both eyesare enrolled. Patients receive cataract surgery on both eyes on the same day. For each patient, one eye is randomly assigned to undergo traditional surgical procedure, while the fellow eye is undergoing new surgical procedure. The traditional surgical procedure include anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (ACCC), irrigation/aspiration (I/A), posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC), and anterior vitrectomy(A-VIT). Primary intraocular lens implantation (IOL) is performed in children older than age of two. The new surgical procedure is to combine triamcinolone staining of the anterior vitreous on the basis of the traditional surgical procedure. Investigators then compare the incidence of high intraocular pressure, visual axis opacification, uveitis, iris/pupil abnormality, and macular edema between two groups
Background. Several web portals for kidney patients are available, but an assessment of their performance is scarce. This is of particular interest among candidates for kidney living donation. A crucial aspect of living donation is to provide standardized information about the risks of the procedure. In Finland, the web portal Health Village contains general information about kidney diseases. In 2019 it was launched a personalized digital care path for kidney living candidates, which contains information about the donation process and facilitates the communication between clinicians, transplant coordinators, and patients, enabling telemedicine. The performance of this eHealth service has not yet been studied.

Objectives. to investigate living donor candidates' experience with the web portal Health Village and the digital care path for living donor candidates. The secondary aim is to investigate their attitude of living donor candidates to eHealth services.

Methods. A prospective cross sectional survey study. Participants will be all kidney donor candidates who have used the digital care path since its implementation in January 2019 up to 1.3.2021 (N=122). The surveys will include general data, the type of electronic devices in possession and the purpose of use. eHealth literacy will be assessed with the eHeals questionnaire. Platform's ease of use will be assessed with the System Usability Scale, and participants´ opinion about the digital path utility with six questions. These items will be answered with a Likert-scale. Finally, we added an open question for qualitative analysis.
The Hybrid splint was based on Pat McKee's custom-made splint design, fabricated from neoprene and 1.6 mm Rolyan Aquaplast Watercolors (Bollingbrook, IL). Participants were instructed to wear the splint when symptomatic, during manual tasks, and at night if desired. Splint was worn for 4 weeks.
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves injecting blood taken from peripheral vein of one arm and sodium hypochlorate into external blood circulation circuit at a rate of 40-70 drops/min. Roller pump is used for supporting blood circulation flow rate in the circuit at the level of 50-120 ml/min. Blood treated with sodium hypochlorate is injected into cubital vein of the other arm. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment; avoided harmful sodium hypochlorate action upon peripheral veins. 1 dwg, 2 tbl
Signs and symptoms most often accompanying memantine overdosage in clinical trials and from worldwide marketing experience, alone or in combination with other drugs and/or alcohol, include agitation, asthenia, bradycardia, confusion, coma, dizziness, ECG changes, increased blood pressure, lethargy, loss of consciousness, psychosis, restlessness, slowed movement, somnolence, stupor, unsteady gait, visual hallucinations, vertigo, vomiting, and weakness. The largest known ingestion of memantine worldwide was 2.0 grams in a patient who took memantine in conjunction with unspecified antidiabetic medications. The patient experienced coma, diplopia, and agitation, but subsequently recovered. Fatal outcome has been very rarely reported with memantine, and the relationship to memantine was unclear.   
  
Because strategies for the management of overdose are continually evolving, it is advisable to contact a poison control center to determine the latest recommendations for the management of an overdose of any drug. As in any cases of overdose, general supportive measures should be utilized, and treatment should be symptomatic. Elimination of memantine can be enhanced by acidification of urine.
The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing and associated with obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia in recent years. Aerobic exercise indeed reduces adipose, hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic fat. However, diaphragmatic breathing improves cardiopulmonary function, the oxygen content of the body and therefore reduces inflammation of cells. The aim of this study is to ameliorate hepatic inflammation by using diaphragmatic breathing exercises instead of aerobic exercise to reduce the fat in liver inflammation. The project intends to be accomplished within three years because of the ideal exercise leaves an uncertain question for curing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hence, with the literature and empirical data analysis to review and identify the strength of patients' motion and duration, carry out a pilot observational study by including 20 patients, then teach diaphragmatic breathing exercises in the first year of the project. Observe the initial correlation measurement, the variables of the following one month and three months. For the second year, develop the training of diaphragmatic breathing process with assisting device (Diaphragmatic breathing-facilitated exercise device). Use diaphragmatic breathing exercise assisting device in a 12-week program of diaphragmatic breathing on randomized clinical trial, verifying the impact of this item interventions on patients' metabolism indicators in the final year.The project includes people who are over 20 years old without the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Taking liver function, body mass index, the thickness of subcutaneous fat, heart rate variability, metabolism indicators are mainly study measured variables. Regression Analysis helps understand the correlation between breathing exercise and indicators related to the disease. With the intervention of diaphragmatic breathing assist device, the program extensions to the two-factor analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) as the results of verification. The study results can provide a reference for clinicians, thereby improving the prognosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease people.
BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity are established risk factors for hypertension, with triglyceride-glucose (TyG) serving as a recognized surrogate marker for IR. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between TyG-BMI and hypertension in the general population.
METHODS: A total of 60,283 adults aged ≥18 years who underwent face-to-face questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory examination were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to determine the association between TyG-BMI and hypertension. The restricted cubic spline model was used for the dose-response analysis.
RESULTS: After fully adjusting for confounding variables, multivariate logistic regression model showed a stable positive association between TyG-BMI and hypertension (OR: 1.61 per SD increase; 95% CI: 1.55-1.67; P-trend < 0.001). The multivariate adjusted OR and 95% CI for the highest TyG-BMI quartile compared with the lowest quartile were 2.52 (95% CI 2.28-2.78). Dose-response analysis using restricted cubic spline confirmed that the association between TyG-BMI index and hypertension was linear. Subgroup analyses showed that stronger associations between TyG-BMI index and hypertension were detected in young and middle-aged individuals (P for interaction < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that TyG-BMI index could better predict the risk of hypertension than other parameters (TyG-BMI cut-off value: 207.105, AUC: 0.719, sensitivity 65.5%, specificity 66.8%), particularly among young and middle-aged people.
CONCLUSION: The TyG-BMI index was independently associated with hypertension in the study population. Further studies are required to confirm this relationship.