anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The prognosis of patients with refractory/moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains poor, due to two major therapeutic obstacles: (1) current treatment strategies including glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive agents, biological agents, are still difficult to achieve disease control, making the disease condition of some patients continue to be active or even worse; (2) some patients are unable to wean themselves off glucocorticoid and face the risk of numerous adverse effects caused by long-term glucocorticoid dependence, such as glucocorticoid-related diabetes, femoral head necrosis, hypertension, stress ulcers, and infection, etc. Therefore, there is a strong unmet clinical need for more effective treatment for patients suffering from refractory/moderate-to-severe SLE. Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in SLE. Compared with traditional CAR-T cell therapy, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-independent T cell receptor (TCR) cell therapy can induce a controllable immune response and maintain a better response durability due to the mechanism of activation and regulation of the natural T cell antigen receptor, while releasing a lower level of cytokines, which can effectively minimizes toxicities. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety, tolerability, preliminary efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of cluster of differentiation 19 (CD19)/B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) HLA-independent TCR-T cell therapy in refractory/moderate-to-severe SLE. Patients with refractory/moderate-to-severe SLE will be invited to participate in the study, to receive CD19/BCMA HLA-independent TCR-T cell intravenous infusion and follow-up visits of up to 1 years after enrollment. Given that the pretreatment chemotherapy (fludarabine,cyclophosphamide) of CAR-T therapy in current SLE clinical studies is mostly based on experiences in hematologic malignancies, which may cause severe complications such as infection, there is a lack of evidence-based rationale for patients with SLE to receive pretreatment chemotherapy. This study will explore the feasibility of TCR-T cell therapy without pretreatment chemotherapy in the treatment of refractory/moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus.
Lerapolturev (intratumoral) will be given by Convection Enhanced Delivery (CED), infused twice, 4 days apart, in the remaining disease of recurrent Glioblastoma (rGBM) subjects following maximal safe resection of their disease recurrence. This will be followed by subcutaneous injections of lerapolturev in the cervical perilymphatic (CPL) area on the same side as their tumor, weekly for 4 weeks and afterward every 3 weeks for about a year.
The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is located in the mesencephalon in the upper brainstem and, as part of the descending pain modulation, is considered a crucial structure for pain control. Its modulatory effect on painful sensation is often seen as a systemic function affecting the whole body similarly. However, recent animal data suggest some kind of somatotopy in the PAG. This would make the PAG capable of dermatome-specific analgesic function. We electrically stimulated the three peripheral dermatomes of the trigemino-cervical complex and the greater occipital nerve in 61 humans during optimized brainstem functional magnetic resonance imaging. We provide evidence for a fine-grained and highly specific somatotopic representation of nociceptive input in the PAG in humans and a functional connectivity between the individual representations of the peripheral nerves in the PAG and the brainstem nuclei of these nerves. Our data suggest that the downstream antinociceptive properties of the PAG may be rather specific down to the level of individual dermatomes.
Given that sleep deprivation studies consistently show that short sleep causes neurocognitive deficits, the effects of insufficient sleep on brain health and cognition are of great interest and concern. Here we argue that experimentally restricted sleep is not a good model for understanding the normal functions of sleep in naturalistic settings. Cross-disciplinary research suggests that human sleep is remarkably dependent on environmental conditions and social norms, thus escaping universally applicable rules. Sleep need varies over time and differs between individuals, showing a complex relationship with neurocognitive function. This aspect of sleep is rarely addressed in experimental work and is not reflected in expert recommendations about sleep duration. We recommend focusing on the role of individual and environmental factors to improve our understanding of the relationship between human sleep and cognition.
Participants in this condition will receive 3 days of text messages for 4 weeks. Day 1 will consist of psychoeducation about CBT skill, day 2 will be a remainder to use the skill that has no framing, and day 3 will have a simple reminder to use the skill.
NEW MATERIAL:A compound expressed by formula I (R represents 3-10C acyl). EXAMPLE:12-O-Propionylberbamine. USE:A carcinostatic agent. PREPARATION:A compound expressed by formula II is reacted with a compound expressed by the formula R-X (X represents halogen or OH) or a compound expressed by the formula R-O-R. The reaction of the compound expressed by formula II with a compound expressed by the formula R-X wherein the group X represents halogen is preferably carried out in a basic solvent such as pyridine. In a case wherein the group X represents OH, the reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent in the presence of a condensing agent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis (OA) related pain has affected millions of people worldwide. However, the current pharmacological options for managing OA-related pain have not achieved a satisfactory effect.
AREAS COVERED: This narrative review provides an overview of the current and emerging drugs for OA-related pain. It covers the drugs' mechanism of action, safety, efficacy, and limitations. The National Library of Medicine (PubMed) database was primarily searched from 2000 to 2024.
EXPERT OPINION: Current treatment options are limited and suboptimal for OA pain management. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the recognized and first-line treatment in the management of OA-related pain, and other drugs are inconsistent recommendations by guidelines. Emerging treatment options are promising for OA-related pain, including nerve growth factor (NGF) inhibitors, ion channel inhibitors, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists. Besides, drugs repurposing from antidepressants and antiepileptic analgesics are shedding light on the management of OA-related pain. The management of OA-related pain is challenging as pain is heterogeneous and subjective. A more comprehensive strategy combined with non-pharmacological therapy needs to be considered, and tailored management options to individualized patients.
PURPOSE:To obtain a remedy for bovine adiponecrosis, enabling the effective digestion and absorption of lipid while preventing the hydrogenation of the lipid in the rumen of cattle, by coating the surface of a lipid particle containing eicosapentaenoic acid with a hardened coating film of a protein. CONSTITUTION:A granular lipid (e.g. fish oil or chlorella oil) containing >=5wt.% of eicosapentaenoic acid in the fatty acid composition is mixed with a protein coating film (e.g. casein or collagen) to cover the surface of the granular lipid and with a hardener (e.g. glutaraldehyde) to harden the protein coating film. Preferably, an emulsifier is added in the mixing of the above components. The amounts of the lipid, emulsifier, protein and hardener are 5-90wt.%, 0.01-3wt.%, 10-95wt.% and 0.01-5wt.%, respectively. The mixture is dried to obtain the objective powder, which is orally administered to cattle as it is or in the form mixed with feed, etc.
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an endocrinopathy that occurs during pregnancy, and presents several clinical findings together with increased blood glucose levels. The frequency of GDM differs, while the incidence of the disease in Turkey is reported to be 7%. Most of the societies recommend screening all women with or without any risk factors in terms of GDM. The definitive diagnosis is made via oral glucose challenge test (OGTT). Early diagnosis and treatment are the key points to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Different biomarkers are studied regarding GDM diagnosis starting from first trimester. However, there is not a worldwide accepted biomarker for defining the high risk group to the date. Afamin is known as an important indicator of oxidative stress. Moreover, oxidative stress itself is strongly associated with insulin resistance and obesity which are responsible from GDM pathogenesis.

Objective To investigate the association between first trimester maternal plasma afamin levels and GDM. Also, investigators aimed to understand the role of afamin for the prediction of GDM in this study.

Methods This is an observational prospective cohort study conducted in Department of Perinatology, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Care, Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey. During 11 and 14 weeks of gestational, maternal blood will be obtained from eligible pregnant women, and samples will be stored at -80 oC. Informed written consent will be obtained from participants. Between 24th and 28th gestational weeks, all these women will be screened by two step OGTT. Then, afamin levels will be compared in GDM and control groups. Exclusion criteria are; multiple pregnancy, fetal anomalies, pregestational diabetes, underlying chronic diseases (hypertension, thyroid dysfunction, other endocrinopathies, autoimmune disorders), age \<18 or \> 35 years, fasting glucose level \> 105 mg/dL or random glucose level \> 200 mg/dL.
The multi-center expert team led by Tracy Ann Williams formulated the International Consensus on the Pathological Diagnosis of Unilateral aldehyde disease, which standardized the pathological classification of unilateral PA. The previous retrospective study of the research group found that the pathologic types of unilateral primary aldosteronoma were mainly classical, and aldosteronoma was the most common. There was no significant difference in clinical features and postoperative biochemical remission rate between patients with classic and non-classic, but the clinical prognosis of the latter group was worse than that of the classical group. However, the study was retrospective and there may be inclusion bias. The pathologic distribution and clinical features of unilateral aldehyde disease are not completely clear and need to be discussed in prospective studies.Therefore，this study aims to determine the composition ratio of different pathological types in patients with unilateral procaldosis enrolled in our center. Gene mutation of different pathological types, the relationship between pathology and clinical phenotype, gene mutation, etc.
The hypothesis whether estrone (E1) could exhibit a direct action at uterus and white adipose tissue (WAT), under obesity was tested. In uterine tissue of obese rats, E1 increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The anti-oxidative action of E1 was sustained under inflammatory stress or high glucose levels. ICI 182780 or G15 compounds were employed as ER or GPER antagonists respectively. The action of E1 on ROS release involved ER participation; instead GPER mediated the acute stimulation on NO production. The antioxidative effect depends on NO-ROS balance. NO synthase (NOS) blockage suppressed the reduction in ROS synthesis elicited by E1, effect mediated by cNOS and not by iNOS. On WAT explants, E1 reduced ROS and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances production, and diminished leptin release. In summary, the data provide evidence that, in uterus and WAT, E1 counteracts inflammatory and oxidative stress induced by obesity.
BACKGROUND Inherited deficiencies in antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), and protein S (PS) increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in severe VTE cases after mechanical thrombectomy are uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the use of DOACs combined with mechanical thrombectomy in 55 patients with VTE, including 11 patients with confirmed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PE), 27 patients with DVT alone, and 17 with pulmonary thromboembolism alone, from a single center between January 2016 and December 2023. MATERIAL AND METHODS All patients with symptomatic VTE confirmed by computed tomography underwent mechanical thrombectomy. Fourteen patients with reduced AT (n=4), PC (n=6), and PS (n=4) function were classified as group 1, while the remaining 41 without thrombophilia were classified as group 2. The outcomes, including recurrent VTE, bleeding events, and all-cause mortality, were compared between patients with and without thrombophilia. RESULTS DOAC use was similar between the groups. One patient in the thrombophilia group switched DOACs due to bleeding, while 7 in the non-thrombophilia group changed due to bleeding or recurrent VTE. Recurrent VTE was higher in the non-thrombophilia group (7.1% vs 17.1%; P=0.664), while bleeding events were more frequent in the thrombophilia group (35.7% vs 17.1%; P=0.259); however, neither difference was statistically significant. All-cause mortality was similar between groups (7.1% vs 6.7%; P=0.903). CONCLUSIONS The study found no difference in the efficacy and safety of DOACs between VTE patients with and without inherited thrombophilia undergoing mechanical thrombectomy.
Past findings suggest that raising ketone concentrations through the use of a ketogenic diet (high-fat, moderate-protein, low-carbohydrate) is effective for preventing weight gain and decreasing appetite. However, strict adherence to this diet is difficult, and ending the diet can result in the regaining of body weight. Our group has investigated the effects of various ketone supplements in both rodents and humans. Past results of our group and that of our colleagues suggest that ketone supplements have the ability to increase ketone concentrations in the blood, decrease appetite, lower body weight, and maintain lean body mass. Exogenous ketones may serve as an alternative to the ketogenic diet by increasing concentrations of ketones without the need for adherence to a strict diet. However, little is known about ketone supplements as it relates to their tolerability and efficacy. For example, the taste of these supplements is unacceptable to some individuals and it is unclear if ketone supplements provide an adequate approach to raise and maintain circulating ketone concentrations as observed with the ketogenic diet. This information will be valuable before launching larger-scale human trials.

Ketone supplements (KE1 and KE4) will be obtained from KetoneAid (Falls Church, VA). Participants will be asked to drink (5g and 10g) of each supplement separated by at least 3 days. Capillary blood samples will be measured using a handheld device to measure circulating beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose concentrations while a questionnaire will be used to assess the acceptability and tolerability of the ketone supplements.
BACKGROUND: During pituitary surgery, CSF leaks are often treated by intrasellar packing, using muscle or fat grafts. However, this strategy may interfere with the interpretation of postoperative MRI and may impact the quality of resection in cases of second surgery, due to the existence of additional fibrous tissue. We present an alternative technique, using a diaphragm reconstruction with a heterologous sponge combining fibrinogen and thrombin (TachoSil), applied in selected patients with low-flow CSF leaks. This study investigates the surgical outcome of patients treated with this strategy.
METHODS: From a cohort of 2231 patients treated from June 2011 to June 2023 by endoscopic endonasal approach for pituitary surgery, the surgical technique of diaphragm repair with TachoSil patch performed in 55 patients (2.6%) was detailed, and the rate of closure failure was analyzed at 6 months postoperatively. No intrasellar packing was used and sellar floor reconstruction was performed whenever possible. The rate of postoperative CSF leak was compared with that reported in three previous publications that also used the TachoSil patch technique.
RESULTS: Patients were mostly women (F/M ratio: 1.2) with a median age of 53.6 years. Surgery was indicated for non-functioning adenomas, Cushing's disease, acromegaly, and Rathke's cleft cysts in 38/55 (69.1%), 6/55 (10.9%), 5/55 (9.1%) and 6/55 (10.9%) patients respectively. The rate of postoperative CSF leak was 1.8% (n = 1/55), which was not significantly different from that reported in the three cohorts from the literature (2.8%, p > 0.05). No postoperative meningitis was recorded.
CONCLUSIONS: In highly selected patients with low-flow CSF leaks related to small focal diaphragm defects, diaphragm reconstruction using a TachoSil patch can be a safe and valuable alternative to intrasellar packing.
Macular edema occurs as a complication of cataract surgery in approximately 2% of all surgeries. In this condition, cystic, fluid-filled spaces develop in the outer plexiform layer of the retina resulting in a loss of vision. This condition is termed "Cystoid Macular Edema (CME)." In non-diabetics, the majority of such cases resolve spontaneously.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is an important cause of visual disability among patients with diabetes. It is widely recognized that cataract surgery often triggers severe CME in patients with pre-existing DME. This exacerbation begins immediately following cataract surgery; and unlike in non-diabetics the edema is likely to be protracted and poorly responsive both to traditional treatments for CME (topical NSAIDS) and DME (laser photocoagulation). Fluorescein angiography, a photographic test that evaluates the blood circulation in the back of the eye, has demonstrated that both CME and DME are associated with increased permeability of retinal blood vessels.

The high rates and severity of post-cataract surgery CME in diabetic patients with DME render this population ideal for the study of potential agents to reduce the rate and severity of this condition (i.e., post-cataract surgery CME). Recent studies have shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a major role in vessel permeability. Pegaptanib (Macugen) is an FDA-approved drug for wet AMD. Pegaptanib is a selective VEGF antagonist that blocks the effects of VEGF; therefore pegaptanib might decrease vessel permeability and possibly decrease the incidence and severity of CME. We plan to conduct a controlled pilot study to investigate the effects of pegaptanib (up to 3 treatments of pegaptanib given prior to cataract surgery and as often as every 6 weeks for up to 12 weeks after cataract surgery) in diabetic patients with pre-existing DME who are undergoing cataract surgery and who are, therefore, at very high risk for development of CME. Should the pilot study indicate a potential benefit of pegaptanib in this setting, a larger, fully powered clinical trial will be proposed. An effective treatment or preventive measure for post-cataract surgery macular edema in patients with diabetic retinopathy would offer benefit to a large patient population nationally that is at high risk of vision loss.
An initial everolimus dose of 0.75 mg orally twice daily (1.5 mg/day) was administered 24-36 hours from reperfusion after transplantation and dose adjustments based on everolimus trough level (target trough level 3-8 ng/mL). Reduced dose of cyclosporine was initiated either pre-transplantation or within 24 hours after transplantation following the local regimen. Patients were treated with antibody induction therapy using 20 mg basiliximab two hours prior to transplant and 20 mg basiliximab 4 days post transplant or according to local practice. Corticosteroids were administered according to local practice. Patients were treated for 12 months in the core study and 12 months in the extension study. Everolimus was available after 24 months for compassionate use.
Patients will have a treatment free interval until progressive disease (PD), when they will receive up to 8 cycles of Panitumumab plus FOLFIRI. In the presence of complete or partial response, or stable disease, non-progressing patients will undergo again to treatment free interval until PD, when they will restart treatment. Treatment cycling will continue till any PD on treatment.
Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type, and it accounts for 85% of cases. Unfortunately, the majority of patients with NSCLC have metastatic disease at diagnosis. However, even patients with resectable disease have poor survival. The need to improve survival rates in these patients prompted research exploring the role of systemic therapy in operable NSCLC. In the 1990s, several clinical trials of preoperative chemotherapy (also known as induction chemotherapy) followed by surgery or radiation in patients with locally advanced NSCLC showed improvements in survival. Erlotinib is an orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The presence of somatic mutations in the kinase domain of EGFR strongly correlates with increased responsiveness to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Recently three randomized phase III trials showed that first-line use of EGFR-TKIs in patients with EGFR mutant NSCLC significantly improved response rate and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to platinum-based chemotherapy. These findings prompted this phase II trial of preoperative Erlotinib in patients with operable stage II and IIIA NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations.
Since long-term effects of heated tobacco products (HTP) on the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are unknown, we used COPD mice model to compare immune cell-dependent pathological changes in the lungs of animals which were exposed to HTP or combustible cigarettes (CCs). We also performed intracellular staining and flow cytometry analysis of immune cells which were present in the blood of CCs and HTP users who suffered from immune cell-driven chronic obstructive respiratory diseases. CCs enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent production of inflammatory cytokines in lung-infiltrated neutrophils and macrophages and increased influx of cytotoxic Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocytes in the lungs of COPD mice. Similarly, CCs promoted generation of inflammatory phenotype in circulating leukocytes of COPD patients. Opposite to CCs, HTP favored expansion of immunosuppressive, IL-10-producing, FoxP3-expressing T, NK, and NKT cells in inflamed lungs of COPD mice. Compared with CCs, HTP had weaker capacity to promote synthesis of inflammatory cytokines in lung-infiltrated immune cells. Significantly lower number of inflammatory neutrophils, monocytes, Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocytes were observed in the blood of patients who consumed HTP than in the blood of CCs users, indicating different effects of CCs and HTP on immune cells' phenotype and function.
Ferrous (II) Glycine Sulphate Complex treatment with 567.7 mg three times a day (t.i.d.) for 12 weeks plus Placebo to Polyferose.