anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Binge eating is a central component of two clinical eating disorders: binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. However, the large treatment gap highlights the need to identify other strategies to decrease binge eating. Novel pharmacotherapies may be one such approach. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinal and brain-derived neuroendocrine signal with a critical role in promoting glycemic control through its incretin effect. Additionally, the energy balance effects of GLP-1 are well-established; activation of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) reduces food intake and body weight. Aligned with these beneficial metabolic effects, there are GLP-1R agonists that are currently used for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. A growing body of literature suggests that GLP-1 may also play an important role in binge eating. Dysregulation of the endogenous GLP-1 system is associated with binge eating in non-human animal models, and GLP-1R agonists may be a promising approach to suppress the overconsumption that occurs during binge eating. Here, we briefly discuss the role of GLP-1 in normal energy intake and reward and then review the emerging evidence suggesting that disruptions to GLP-1 signaling are associated with binge eating. We also consider the potential utility of GLP-1-based pharmacotherapies for reducing binge eating behavior.
Extracellular potassium concentration might modify electrophysiological properties in the border zone of ischemic myocardium. We evaluated the depolarization and repolarization characteristics across the ischemic-normal border under [K+] variation. Sixty-four-lead epicardial mapping was performed in 26 rats ([K+] 2.3-6.4 mM) in a model of acute ischemia/reperfusion. The animals with [K+] < 4.7 mM (low-normal potassium) had an ischemic zone with ST-segment elevation and activation delay, a border zone with ST-segment elevation and no activation delay, and a normal zone without electrophysiological abnormalities. The animals with [K+] >4.7 mM (normal-high potassium) had only the ischemic and normal zones and no transitional area. Activation-repolarization intervals and local conduction velocities were inversely associated with [K+] in linear regression analysis with adjustment for the zone of myocardium. The reperfusion extrasystolic burden (ESB) was greater in the low-normal as compared to normal-high potassium animals. Ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation incidence did not differ between the groups. In patch-clamp experiments, hypoxia shortened action potential duration at 5.4 mM but not at 1.3 mM of [K+]. IK(ATP) current was lower at 1.3 mM than at 5.4 mM of [K+]. We conclude that the border zone formation in low-normal [K+] was associated with attenuation of IK(ATP) response to hypoxia and increased reperfusion ESB.
INTRODUCTION: Patients with advanced emphysema eligible for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) using endobronchial valves (EBV) are characterized by severe static lung hyperinflation, which can be considered a treatable trait. Other treatable traits (TTs), which are assumed to be present in this highly selected patient group, have not been studied in detail nor how they may affect health-related quality of life (HRQL).
AIMS: We aimed to evaluate a spectrum of TTs in COPD patients eligible for EBV treatment and their association with HRQL.
METHODS: The SoLVE study (NCT03474471) was a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial to examine the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients receiving EBV. The presence/absence of 16 TTs was based on pre-defined thresholds. HRQL was assessed with the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Subjects were stratified into two groups, using the median split method, into higher or lower SGRQ total score. Logistic regression assessed the odds ratio (OR) of having a higher SGRQ total score per TT.
RESULTS: Ninety-seven subjects were included, the mean number of TTs per patient was 8.1 ± 2.5. Low physical activity (95%), poor exercise capacity (94%) and severe fatigue (75%) were the most prevalent TTs. The sum of TTs present in a subject was associated with the SGRQ total score (r = 0.53; p < 0.001). Severe fatigue, depression, and anxiety were predictors of having a higher SGRQ total score.
CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence and co-occurrence of multiple TTs were identified in emphysema patients eligible for EBV. Patients with a higher number of TTs were more likely to have worse HRQL.
Neuropathy is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus. Impaired glucose regulation (IGR) is associated with development of peripheral neuropathy coupled with gait and mobility impairment that may be disabling for the patient. Recent novel data from the investigators' group indicates that improved diet and exercise can significantly improve and even reverse neuropathy associated with IGR, however this has not been tested as a specific intervention in a controlled diabetes complications trial. IGR includes patients with early type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) based on standardized criteria for the diagnosis of T2DM. The investigators hypothesize that, compared to IGR participants advised to follow the current standard care recommendations on diet and exercise (Standard Care or "SC"), IGR participants undergoing a Tailored Diet and Physical Activity (TDPA) enhancement program will show greater improvement in the 6 minute walk test (6MW) and will show a greater reduction in markers of neuropathy progression e.g. intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IEFND). Furthermore, the investigators will test the hypothesis that improvement in measures of neuropathy, mobility function and physical activity (PA) will correlate strongly with each other and with improvement in specific measures of metabolic function, and weight loss. This proposal will permit us to determine if TDPA can improve mobility and induce nerve regeneration in subjects with early diabetes.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal disease of progressive muscular weakness for which there is currently no effective treatment. The disease is caused by mutations in the gene for dystrophin. A subset of these mutations includes nonsense mutations, i.e., premature stop codons. Previous studies have shown that aminoglycosides are effective in allowing translation through stop codons. Recently, gentamicin was shown to restore functional dystrophin in a mouse model of DMD. The objective of this protocol is to determine if gentamicin is also an effective treatment in patients with DMD caused by nonsense mutations. This will be a preliminary, non-blinded study in which levels of intravenous gentamicin previously established to be safe, will be administered to identified patients meeting inclusion criteria over a two-week period. These patients will have CLIA approved laboratory documented stop codon mutations in the dystrophin gene. Quantitative dystrophin expression will be the primary outcome. Strength measurements will also be assessed before and immediately after the two-week treatment period. Follow-up evaluations will be made at one month. For this subset of patients with DMD it is anticipated that there will be a transient increase in dystrophin expression with a possible corresponding transient improvement in strength. Subsequent blinded studies to evaluate the most effective dose and dosing intervals would then be pursued.
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease associated with inflammation and the follicular fluid of this patient contains proinflammatory cytokines. Abdominal obesity (AO) is also linked to increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the induction of inflammation and decidualization of in vitro cultured endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) obtained from women with a normal uterus using the follicular fluid of PCOS and non-PCOS patients with or without abdominal obesity.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty patients under 35 years old, referred to the Royan Institute, were divided into four groups: PCOS with AO, PCOS without AO, non-PCOS with AO, and non-PCOS without AO. Follicular fluid samples were added to the culture medium of ESCs for each group. The rate of decidualization was measured by examining decidual markers. The study also investigated morphological changes in uterine endometrial cells, cell migration rates, and gene expression across all groups. We found that the non-PCOS group without AO had the highest decidualization potential and the highest expression of decidualization markers (P ≤ 0.05). Groups with an inflammatory phenotype of PCOS or abdominal obesity showed the highest expression of decidual pathway markers. The expression levels of inflammatory and proliferative markers in the PCOS group with AO were significantly higher than in the other groups (P ≤ 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The inflammatory profile present in the follicular fluid may trigger the decidualization process. Consequently, in the future, follicular fluid could be utilized as a natural supplement with human cells to promote decidualization and enhance endometrial receptivity in assisted reproductive technology.
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) seriously threatens perinatal health. The main cause of FGR is placental malperfusion, but the specific mechanism is still unclear, and there is no effective treatment for FGR. We constructed a FGR mouse model by adding exogenous asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) through in vivo experiments and found that ADMA could cause placental dysplasia and induce the occurrence of FGR. Compared with the control group, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the placenta was increased in mice with FGR, and the expression of autophagy-related proteins p-AKT/AKT, p-mTOR/mTOR, and P62 was significantly decreased, while the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II was significantly increased in the FGR group. Furthermore, ADMA had a favorable effect in promoting the formation of autophagosomes. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) improved ADMA-induced disorders of placental development and alleviated ADMA-induced FGR. This study found that ADMA could cause excessive autophagy of trophoblasts by increasing the level of oxidative stress, ultimately leading to the occurrence of FGR, and HCQ and NAC had therapeutic effects on ADMA-induced FGR.
From now on, participants who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria in our hospital will be recruited in the intervention group, if they and their relatives are willing to join in the study. For the historical control group, in which patients were treated by aneurysm clipping in Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University during the previous nine months, normal saline (0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection) was applied as intraoperative perfusion solution for their operation. For the intervention group, MACSF will be used. (The composition and concentration of MACSF is as follows: Na+: 146.2 mEq/l, K+: 2.7 mEq/l, Mg2+: 4.2 mEq/l, Cl-: 123 mEq/l, HCO3-: 23.2 mEq/l, Glucose: 0.75 g/l. MACSF is prepared by the staff of Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services of First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, according to a specific formula in the specific working area. The whole procedure follow the aseptic principles strictly. Fresh-made MACSF will be placed in a specific container and send to the operating room through specific channels.) Then, for the patients who have signed the informed consent, blood (6ml) and CSF (3ml) samples will be collected during and every other day after the surgery for 14 days. The blood samples should be drawn into a non-anticoagulant tube and a heparin anticoagulant tube respectively. All the samples will be transferred to BioBank of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University in a liquid nitrogen tank. After re-melted in a water bath of 37℃, the CSF and blood samples will be centrifuged at 4℃ for 10min at 2000r/min, and then the supernatant will be collected and stored at -80℃. At the end of this study, the contents of NPY，MMP-9，MIF，TNF-α，Mg2+ and Ca2+in the samples will be detected by ELISA or mass spectrometry. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) will be observed within 14 days after the operation (daily for the first three days and every other day for the following days). CVS will be diagnosed by TCD, the diagnostic criteria will be described later. CT scan of the brain should be done at least once a week and rechecked anytime when necessary. If there is new low-density lesions, delayed cerebral infarction (DCI) will be diagnosed. The prognosis will be assessed at 1, 3 and 6 months after aSAH onset according to modified Rankin Scale (mRS) . Meanwhile, some indicators will be used to evaluate the safety of MACSF application, which incluiding secondary infection, fluctuation of intracranial pressure and hypermagnesemia. The diagnostic criteria and the solutions will be described in the next part.
INTRODUCTION: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common adult primary malignant brain tumour. The condition is incurable and, despite aggressive treatment at first presentation, almost all tumours recur after a median of 7 months. The aim of treatment at recurrence is to prolong survival and maintain health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Chemotherapy is typically employed for recurrent GBM, often using nitrosourea-based regimens. However, efficacy is limited, with reported median survivals between 5 and 9 months from recurrence. Although less commonly used in the UK, there is growing evidence that re-irradiation may produce survival outcomes at least similar to nitrosourea-based chemotherapy. However, there remains uncertainty as to the optimum approach and there is a paucity of available data, especially with regards to HRQoL. Brain Re-Irradiation Or Chemotherapy (BRIOChe) aims to assess re-irradiation, as an acceptable treatment option for recurrent IDH-wild-type GBM.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: BRIOChe is a phase II, multi-centre, open-label, randomised trial in patients with recurrent GBM. The trial uses Sargent's three-outcome design and will recruit approximately 55 participants from 10 to 15 UK radiotherapy sites, allocated (2:1) to receive re-irradiation (35 Gy in 10 daily fractions) or nitrosourea-based chemotherapy (up to six, 6-weekly cycles). The primary endpoint is overall survival rate for re-irradiation patients at 9 months. There will be no formal statistical comparison between treatment arms for the decision-making primary analysis. The chemotherapy arm will be used for calibration purposes, to collect concurrent data to aid interpretation of results. Secondary outcomes include HRQoL, dexamethasone requirement, anti-epileptic drug requirement, radiological response, treatment compliance, acute and late toxicities, progression-free survival.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: BRIOChe obtained ethical approval from Office for Research Ethics Committees Northern Ireland (reference no. 20/NI/0070). Final trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and adhere to the ICMJE guidelines.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN60524.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an incense stick bundle with an igniting means, capable of igniting the incense bundle easily and surely even in the case of outdoors with wind, or the like, or when having no igniting means.  <P>SOLUTION: This incense stick bundle is provided by arranging a flame-spreading agent on the front surface at an end surface of the tip end part of the incense stick bundle to easily burn the agent, attaching an igniting agent at several positions of the flame-spreading agent for burning the flame-spreading agent by igniting it by using a side firing agent part (for striking) at the inside of a box for housing the incense stick bundle. Also, for safety, the incense stick bundle is fixed with a fixing tape so as not to deviate from the box, and by drawing out the incense stick bundle from an independent small box of the incense stick box, it is ignited. By any chance, e.g. even in the case of being difficult to ignite, it can be ignited by a method for igniting a match at a striking part installed at the outside of the box.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
BACKGROUND: Thrombectomy is a standard treatment for acute large vessel occlusion (LVO); however, its effectiveness in treating LVO related to intracranial atherosclerosis disease (ICAD) remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare thrombectomy outcomes in ICAD-related and embolic LVO, focusing on patients with similar symptom severities upon hospital admission.
METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at Jikei University Hospital and Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital between October 2017 and March 2023. Ischemic stroke patients with LVO who underwent thrombectomy were categorized into ICAD and embolism groups based on the occlusion mechanism. Groups were matched using National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at the time of admission. A modified Rankin Scale score of 5 or 6 at 90 days after symptom onset was defined as a devastating outcome. The procedural outcomes and frequency of devastating outcomes were compared between the ICAD and embolism groups.
RESULTS: The study included 33 matched pairs were included. The ICAD group showed lower rates of successful reperfusion (43 % vs. 82 %, p = 0.001), and longer procedural times (median 88 min vs. 50 min, p < 0.001) than the embolism group. The ICAD group had a significantly higher frequency of devastating outcomes than the non-ICAD group (39 % vs. 15 %, p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis identified ICAD as an independent factor associated with devastating outcomes (OR, 3.804; 95 % confidence interval (95 %CI), 1.148-12.603; p = 0.029).
CONCLUSION: In thrombectomy therapy, reperfusion rates and outcomes are significantly worse in patients with ICAD-LVO than in patients with embolic LVO.
Processes are provided for extracting color comprising anthocyanin and antioxidants from hibiscus flowers. Dried or wet flowers or flower particles are soaked in water to release color from the flowers. The released anthocyanin and antioxidants are suspended in water and separated from the solid components using centrifugation, filtration, water flotation, pressing, or any combination of separation techniques. The hibiscus color may be concentrated into a color concentrate and stabilized with a stabilizing agent, such as, for example, a sugar alcohol having a 2 to 12 carbon backbone, at a pH value in the range of about 2 to about 6. Residual hibiscus color in the solid hibiscus components may be collected by mixing the components with water and then separating the residual hibiscus color using any one or more separation techniques. The residual hibiscus color may also be concentrated and stabilized with the hibiscus color or the color concentrate.
Cardiotoxicity (CT) is a severe condition that negatively impacts heart function. β-sitosterol (BS) is a group of phytosterols and known for various pharmacological benefits, such as managing diabetes, cardiac protection, and neuroprotection. This study aims to develop niosomes (NS) containing BS, utilizing cholesterol as the lipid and Tween 80 as the stabilizer. The research focuses on designing and evaluating both conventional BS-NS and hyaluronic acid (HA) modified NS (BS-HA-NS) to enhance the specificity and efficacy of BS within cardiac tissue. The resulting niosomal formulation was spherical, with a size of about 158.51 ± 0.57 nm, an entrapment efficiency of 93.56 ± 1.48 %, and a drug loading of 8.07 ± 1.62 %. To evaluate cytotoxicity on H9c2 heart cells, the MTT assay was used. The cellular uptake of BS-NS and BS-HA-NS was confirmed by confocal microscopy on H9c2 cardiac cells. Administering BS-NS and BS-HA-NS intravenously at a dose of 10 mg/kg showed the ability to significantly decrease the levels of cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lipid peroxidation (MDA). Tissue histopathology indicated a substantial potential for repairing cardiac tissue after treatment with BS-NS and BS-HA-NS and strong cardioprotection against ISO induced myocardial tissue damages. Thus, enhancing BS's therapeutic effectiveness through niosome surface modification holds promise for mitigating cardiac damage resulting from CT.
DHCP (4,5-dihydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one) has been previously shown to have antibacterial activity against  Escherichia coli . Global transcriptional pattern of  E. coli  was analyzed in response to DHCP by DNA microarray. It is now shown that DHCP has widespread effects in  E. coli , affecting genes encoding proteins involved in general metabolism and cell membrane synthesis and functions. In addition, rpoS and RpoS-regulated genes responding to various stresses are upregulated. DHCP is also shown to inhibit AI-2, an autoinducer involved in interspecies quorum-sensing, and the genes comprising quorum-regulated processes such as virulence, motility and outer membrane functions are downregulated by DHCP treatment. In addition, cysK which is a known quorum-sensing gene working in an alternate pathway(s) in  E. coli  increases considerably in response to DHCP. These results suggest that DHCP regulates the switching on/off of the different quorum-sensing circuits in  E. coli.
1,267,591. Antigenic compositions. NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP. 23 Feb., 1970 [26 Feb., 1969], No. 10229/69. Heading A5B. A process for the production of a vaccine for protection against a virus of the tick-borne encephalitis group, e.g. louping-ill virus, comprises cultivating the virus in cell or tissue culture, separating the culture fluid and treating the culture fluid with a water-miscible or soluble alcohol, ketone or other protein precipitant to cause precipitation of the antigenic material and formulating the antigenic material present in the precipitate into vaccine form. The virus may be inactivated before the precipitation step, e.g. using formalin, and the antigenic material may be separated from unwanted protein before incorporation into the vaccine. The vaccine may contain an adjuvant such as a hydrocarbon oil and a bacteriostat such as phenol. The vaccines may be used for protecting cattle and sheep.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is an important procedure for nutrition delivery, and one that is often associated with complications. The formation of granulation tissue or periostomal granuloma is a chronic minor complication associated with gastrostomy, being more frequent in geriatric patients, but the therapeutic experience in pediatric patients is better known. We present the case of a 94-year-old female patient, diagnosed with Alzheimer's dementia with severe motor and cognitive impairment, who presents significant malnutrition and severe dysphagia. In treatment with rivastigmine, sertraline, and trazodone, in addition to muscle relaxant. She has been a gastrostomy user for 2 years due to severe motor and swallowing compromise. In the past 1 year ago with presence of ring granuloma, without bleeding. It was decided to treat with common salt as the first line of treatment since there was no bleeding. The primary caregiver was instructed on the details of how to apply common salt on the granuloma at home. The patient showed complete resolution of the granuloma within three days of application with no recurrence at follow-up 12 months after the initial evaluation, and without requiring a tube change. PEG-associated granuloma is a frequent minor chronic complication in adult gastrostomy users. The use of common salt is an effective, rapid and safe therapeutic alternative to consider in these patients.