anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Because strategies for the management of drug overdose continually evolve, it is strongly recommended that a poison control center be contacted to obtain up-to-date information regarding the management of Transderm Scōp patch overdose. The prescriber should be mindful that antidotes used routinely in the past may no longer be considered optimal treatment. For example, physostigmine, used more or less routinely in the past, is seldom recommended for the routine management of anticholinergic syndromes.

Until up-to-date authoritative advice is obtained, routine supportive measures should be directed to maintaining adequate respiratory and cardiac function.

The signs and symptoms of anticholinergic toxicity include: lethargy, somnolence, coma, confusion, agitation, hallucinations, convulsion, visual disturbance, dry flushed skin, dry mouth, decreased bowel sounds, urinary retention, tachycardia, hypertension, and supraventricular arrhythmias.

Most cases of toxicity involving the use of the product will resolve with simple removal of the patch. Serious symptomatic cases of overdosage involving multiple patch applications and/or ingestion may be managed by initially ensuring the patient has an adequate airway, and supporting respiration and circulation. This should be rapidly followed by removal of all patches from the skin and the mouth. If there is evidence of patch ingestion, gastric lavage, endoscopic removal of swallowed patches, or administration of activated charcoal should be considered, as indicated by the clinical situation. In any case where there is serious overdosage or signs of evolving acute toxicity, continuous monitoring of vital signs and ECG, establishment of intravenous access, and administration of oxygen are all recommended.

The symptoms of overdose/toxicity due to scopolamine should be carefully distinguished from the occasionally observed syndrome of withdrawal (see Drug Withdrawal/Post Removal Symptoms). Although mental confusion and dizziness may be observed with both acute toxicity and withdrawal, other characteristic findings differ: tachyarrhythmias, dry skin, and decreased bowel sounds suggest anticholinergic toxicity, while bradycardia, headache, nausea and abdominal cramps, and sweating suggest post-removal withdrawal. Obtaining a careful history is crucial to making the correct diagnosis.
Drugs that block DNA replication prevent cell proliferation, which may result in anticancer activity. The latter is dependent on the drug's mode of action as well as on cell type-dependent responses to treatment. The inhibition of Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase (CDC7), a key regulator of DNA replication, decreases the efficiency of origin firing and hampers the restarting of paused replication forks. Here, we show that upon prolonged CDC7 inhibition, breast-derived MCF10A cells progressively withdraw from the cell cycle and enter a reversible senescent-like state. This is characterised by the rewiring of the transcriptional programme with the induction of cytokine and chemokine expression and correlates with the accumulation of Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-positive micronuclei. Importantly, cell fate depends on Cellular tumour antigen p53 (p53) function as cells no longer enter senescence but are funnelled into apoptosis upon p53 knockout. This work uncovers key features of the secondary response to CDC7 inhibitors, which could aid the development of these compounds as anticancer drugs.
FIELD: molecular biology, immunology, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a monoclonal antibody NMO1 that shows a specific immunoreactivity with respect to protein HIV-1 gp120 or gp160 and shows capability to neutralize in vitro infection of cells H9 by living strains of HIV-1. NMO1 antibodies are isolated by hybridoma cellular line ATCC N HB 10726. Invention proposes also pharmaceutical compositions that will use for treatment of patients with HIV-1 infection by passive immunization. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of antibody and cellular line isolated. 5 cl, 18 dwg, 5 tbl, 9 ex
Specific Aim 1: Compare the efficacy of daptomycin to the efficacy of vancomycin for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infection in the ED. Patients eligible for the RDTC Cellulitis Treatment Protocol will be screened for inclusion in the study. After informed consent, patients will be randomized to receive either daptomycin or vancomycin (1:1 ratio). A case report form (CRF) detailing medical history, clinical characteristics, and treatments will be completed. The patients will be evaluated for meeting RDTC discharge criteria. The following time points will be collected: 1. actual time patient meets discharge criteria based on the RDTC cellulitis protocol; 2. time of disposition defined as the time treating physician writes discharge orders; and, 3. time the patient actually leaves the emergency department. Subsequently, the patient will be followed up by telephone to ascertain whether a change in antibiotic therapy or a return ED visit for complicated skin and skin structure infection occurred within 30 days of the initial RDTC enrollment Specific Aim 2: Compare the change in area and erythema of the cellulitic lesion between patients treated with daptomycin and patients treated with vancomycin. Patients enrolled in the study will have serial digital photographs of their primary lesion taken. The images will be processed blinded to clinical data and asynchronous to the ED stay. The change in lesion area and erythema will be calculated.
INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the world. The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in the management of breast cancer is increasing. The decision about the management after NAC depends mainly on the tumor response to NAC.
OBJECTIVES: The role of the current study is to evaluate the role of the MRI scan in assessing the residual disease after NAC, which would help in decision making regarding the best treatment plan for the patient.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: We did this retrospective review for all patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer in our center and had NAC over four years. All patients in our study had a post-NAC magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to assess the residual tumor size. A 2×2 table was used to calculate the diagnostic accuracy, and SPSS software version 25 was used to get the correlation coefficients between the post-NAC MRI measurements and pathological size.
RESULTS: 28 female patients were included in our study. The average age was 45.25 ± 10 years. We utilized the tumor size on histology as the standard for comparison. We calculated MRI sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV rates of 90.9%, 100%, 100%, and 94.4%, respectively. The correlation coefficient was strong (r = 0.859, P = 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging is a good test to assess the residual tumor disease after NAC in breast cancer patients. However, cases of under- and overestimation are still seen, which require more caution when making a decision regarding the management of such cases.
The initial exposure to pathogens and commensals confers innate immune cells the capacity to respond distinctively upon a second stimulus. This training capacity might play key functions in developing an adequate innate immune response to the continuous exposure to bacteria. However, the mechanisms involved in induction of trained immunity by commensals remain mostly unexplored. A. muciniphila represents an attractive candidate to study the promotion of these long-term responses. Here, we show that priming of macrophages with live A. muciniphila enhances bacterial intracellular survival and decreases the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals, lowering the production of TNF and IL-10. Global transcriptional analysis of macrophages after a secondary exposure to the bacteria showed the transcriptional rearrangement underpinning the phenotype observed compared to acutely exposed cells, with the increased expression of genes related to phagocytic capacity and those involved in the metabolic adjustment conducing to innate immune training. Accordingly, key genes related to bacterial killing and pro-inflammatory pathways were downregulated. These data demonstrate the importance of specific bacterial members in the modulation of local long-term innate immune responses, broadening our knowledge of the association between gut microbiome commensals and trained immunity as well as the anti-inflammatory probiotic potential of A. muciniphila.
The BREAST-AB Trial will include women undergoing breast reconstruction with implants. The objective is to determine the efficacy of local antibiotics in decreasing all-cause implant explantation. Participants will be randomized to local application of placebo or gentamicin, vancomycin and cefazolin in a saline solution onto the implant and the dissected breast pocket. All patients undergoing unilateral breast reconstruction will be randomized to the trial drug or placebo in a ratio of 1:1. All patients undergoing bilateral reconstruction will be randomized to the trial treatment on one of their breasts and placebo to the contralateral breast. A total number of 1274 of breasts undergoing breast reconstruction will be included in the trial.
FIELD: pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method of preparing and making spherical form for ionic conjugate. The latter has a biodegradable polymer containing free carboxyl-groups and drug containing free amino-groups being polymer forms ionic bonds with drug. Invention provides continuous drug release. EFFECT: improved properties of conjugate, improved method of preparing. 37 cl, 7 tbl, 13 ex
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic pancreatic resection is comparable to open pancreatic resection; however, cost-effectiveness analyses of laparoscopic pancreatic resection are scarce. The authors performed a population-based study investigating the cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic pancreatic resection versus open pancreatic resection.
METHODS: Data from 9,256 patients who received pancreaticoduodenectomy (66.8%) and distal pancreatectomy (33.2%) from 2016 to 2018 were retrieved from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Events after pancreatectomy were categorized as no complication, complication, and death. Probabilities of each event and average cost during index admission and 1 year were utilized to calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, the cost difference between two interventions divided by quality-adjusted life year. Quality-adjusted life year, a function of length and quality of life, was measured with utility values determined by researching literature.
RESULTS: Laparoscopic pancreatic resection was performed in 12.4% of pancreaticoduodenectomies and 53.4% of distal pancreatectomies. For pancreaticoduodenectomy, laparoscopic pancreatic resection was associated with an increase of 0.0022 quality-adjusted life years for index admission and 0.0023 quality-adjusted life years for 1 year compared with open pancreatic resection. The incremental cost was $321 for index admission and -$1,414 for 1 year, leading to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $147,429 per quality-adjusted life year gained for index admission and -$614,965 per quality-adjusted life year gained for 1 year. For distal pancreatectomy, laparoscopic pancreatic resection improved 0.0131 quality-adjusted life years for index admission and 0.0285 quality-adjusted life years for index admission. The incremental cost was -$1,240 for index admission and -$5,875 for 1 year, leading to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of -$94,519 per quality-adjusted life year gained for index admission and -$206,351 for 1 year.
CONCLUSION: laparoscopic pancreatic resection was a cost-effective alternative to open pancreatic resection for pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy, except for the higher cost of index admission for pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Powder-form composition for care of keratinous fibres comprising: 5.0-35.0 % surfactant, e.g. non-ionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, zwitterionic surfactant or anionic surfactant e.g amino acid-based surfactants, isethionates, and/or alkyl sulphates; 40.0-80.0 % binder and/or thickener, preferably clay minerals such as bentonites and/or polysaccharides such as starch and its derivatives; and 0.1-15 % hair conditioning active ingredient, preferably refatting agents and/or lipids, emollients, moisturisers, vitamins and/or derivatives and precursors thereof, cationic polymers, and/or anti-dandruff active ingredients. Most preferably, the surfactant is sodium cocoyl isethionate and/or disodium cocoyl glutamate, the binder/thickener is starch, maltodextrin, and/or bentonite and the hair conditioning agent is tocopherol, lecithin, and/or glycerine. A ready-to-use composition is formed when the product is dissolved and/or emulsified in water. Also disclosed is a process for care of hair where the powder is dissolved in water, spread on the hair in the emulsified form, and rinsed off in 10 seconds – 15 minutes. The composition is used to improve the hair fell, disentanglability, and/or combability. Also disclosed is a process for preparing the powder-form composition where all the ingredients are missed and optionally sieved to produce the powder.
Macrophages are key modulators of all inflammatory diseases and essential for their resolution, making macrophage cell therapy a promising strategy for regenerative medicine. However, since macrophages change rapidly in response to microenvironmental cues, their phenotype must be controlled post-administration. We present a tunable biomaterial-based strategy to control macrophages intracellularly via small molecule-releasing microparticles. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles encapsulating the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic drug dexamethasone were administered to macrophages in vitro, with uptake rates controlled by different loading regimes. Microparticle dose and dexamethasone content directly affected macrophage phenotype and phagocytic capacity, independent of particle content per cell, leading to an overall pro-reparative, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic phenotype with increased phagocytic and ECM degrading functionality. Intracellularly controlled macrophages partially maintained this phenotype in vivo in a murine pulmonary fibrosis model, with more prominent effects in a pro-fibrotic environment compared to pro-inflammatory. These results suggest that intracellular control using biomaterials has the potential to control macrophage phenotype post-administration, which is essential for successful macrophage cell therapy.
An acyloxyacyl hydrolase from the human promyelocyte cell line HL-60 has been found to specifically hydrolyze fatty acids from their ester linkages to hydroxy groups of 3-hydroxyfatty acids, the latter being bound in turn to LPS glycosaminyl residues. The hydrolyzed fatty acids may include dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid. This enzyme showed a molecular weight by gel exclusion chromatography between about 50,000 Daltons and about 70,000 Daltons. Altered bacterial LPS substantially without fatty acids bound in ester linkage to hydroxy groups of 3-hydroxyfatty acids covalently linked to a glucosaminyl moiety of LPS lipid A are produced. Since the structure of the lipid A moiety is highly conserved, acyloxyacyl hydrolase may act on LPS of many different pathogenic bacteria (for example Salmonella, Escherichia, Hemophilus, and Neisseria). Such altered bacterial LPS, having toxicity reduced more than immunostimulatory activity, may be therapeutically useful: (1) as vaccines to prevent Gram-negative bacterial diseases by inducing antibodies to LPS 0-polysaccharide or R-core antigens, (2) as antidotes to treat or prevent Gram-negative bacterial sepsis ("septic shock"), or (3) as adjuvants to enhance formation of antibodies to other antigens. The acyloxyacyl hydrolase itself may be prophylactically or therapeutically useful to detoxify endogenous LPS in patients with Gram-negative bacterial diseases. The enzyme may also be used to remove toxic LPS from therapeutic injectants.
PURPOSE:To form a CMC coating excellent in hygroscopicity, moisture permeability, plasticity, etc., and suitable for food storage, by adding acetin fat to an aqueous CMC solution to form an emulsion, applying this emulsion to the external periphery of an object by, for example, spraying, and drying it. CONSTITUTION:At least one acetin fat selected from the group consisting of glycerin monoacetate monofatty acid ester, glycerin monoacetate difatty acid ester, and glycerin diacetate monofatty acid ester is added to an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and the mixture is agitated to obtain an emulsion. The resulting emulsion is sprayed over the external periphery of an object, or an object is immersed in the emulsion, or the emulsion is cast on a flat plate and dried to form a coating or a film. The amount of the acetin fat added is suitably about 5-40pts.wt. per 100pts.wt. CMC.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), treatment requiring ROP (TROP), course, and systemic risk factors in extreme preterm or extreme low-birth-weight babies.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of neonatal intensive care unit-based ROP screening from January to December 2021 in a tier-2 city in Kerala, India, was done. Inclusion criteria were gestational age (GA) ≤28 weeks or birth weight ≤1000 g. ROP screening and treatment were done according to the International Classification of ROP guidelines. Treatment was indicated in babies with type 1 ROP or aggressive ROP. Details of ROP screening, treatment, and neonatal risk factors were collected from the records. The results were statistically analyzed, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: The study included 54 babies with a mean GA of 27.47 ± 1.76 weeks and a mean BW of 847.43 ± 189.22 g. ROP was detected at an average postmenstrual age of 33.8 ± 1.7 weeks. The incidence of any ROP and TROP was 87% and 19.14%, respectively. All babies with TROP were managed with laser or intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injection or both. ROP resolved spontaneously in 60%, but those with Zone 2 disease had delayed regression. Inotropic support and anemia were found to increase the risk for ROP.
CONCLUSION: The incidence and outcome of any ROP and TROP in this study are comparable to the rates reported globally, and this reflects the improvement in neonatal care. The use of inotropes and anemia may increase the risk for ROP and needs to be managed judiciously.
492 Infertile women who were candidate for fresh embryo transfer during IVF/ICSI cycles were eligible for this study if they had two or more good quality embryos. All categories of female or male factors infertility except uterine factor infertility were eligible for participation in the study. Immediately prior to embryo transfer, women were randomly allocated to either treatment (cleaning the cervical canal) or control groups. In treatment group, excess mucus and debris were cleared from the cervical canal using a sterile cotton swabs. The cervical discharge was scored as mucosal, bloody, combination of mucosal and bloody, or infected. Control group had no cervical cleaning before embryo transfer. Then, the embryos were loaded into the transfer catheter by the embryologist and were deposited into the uterine cavity by one experience physician. The primary endpoint was clinical pregnancy. Fertilization, Implantation, abortion, and live birth rates were the other outcomes of interest or secondary outcomes.
Osteopontin (OPN) is a pro-inflammatory protein that influences bone remodelling, wound healing, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and skin diseases such as psoriasis, contact dermatitis and skin cancer. However, the role of OPN in the skin remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of OPN in the skin, particularly in the context of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced inflammation. OPN expression and its effects on inflammatory modulators were assessed in human skin, in a mouse model and in vitro, using a UV source emitting both UVB and UVA radiation, which collectively contribute to UV-induced skin inflammation. OPN expression increased in human and mouse skin after UV irradiation. Compared with wild-type mice, UV irradiation-induced skin phenotypes, such as erythema and skin thickening, were alleviated in OPN-/- mice. In addition, the number of immune cells recruited to the skin after UV irradiation and the expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were observed to be decreased in the skin of OPN-/- mice compared with that of wild-type mice. By contrast, the degree of skin inflammation was higher in the hOPN KI mice than in wild-type mice. Treatment with recombinant OPN increased the expression of MMP-1 and inflammatory cytokines in human dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes in vitro. Our results suggest that OPN may play a regulatory role in UV-induced skin inflammation.