anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
A controlled release capsule comprises a male plug (2) formed of a water swellable hydrogel which is engaged within a neck portion (4) of a female body (6). The capsule contains a pharmaceutically active material. In contact with an aqueous medium, such as in the gastrointestinal tract, the hydrogel plug swells and becomes disengaged from the body, thereby releasing the active material. In order to facilitate insertion of the male plug into the neck of the body, the body has a flared mouth portion (14) which is wider than the neck. The neck itself may be wider or narrower than the remainder of the body. A water-soluble cap (8) has detentes (18) which clip over the flared mouth portion so as to lock the cap thereto.
In this study, we will use repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at 1.0 Hz to treat patients with poorly controlled neocortical epilepsy refractory to pharmacological treatments as a continuation of our previous study (1.0 Hz TMS in 24 patients with refractory partial epilepsy). Previously, we observed that 1.0 Hz rTMS reduced seizure frequency during the first 2 weeks after TMS, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. However, the results suggested that patients with neocortical temporal foci would have a better response than those with mesial temporal foci. We wish to see whether rTMS leads to a significant reduction in seizure frequency in neocortical epilepsy considering the depth of magnetic field. The design will include two parallel groups, one receiving active treatment, and one sham stimulation directed away from the epileptic focus. The patients and the rating physicians will be blinded to the treatment. 1.0 Hz TMS is a rate proven to induce long term depression in animal models and reported to decrease the excitability of both human and animal cerebral cortex. Our preliminary controlled study showed a trend for reduced seizure frequency after 1.0 Hz stimulation. The main outcome measure will be a reduction in seizure frequency over two weeks after stimulation.
Heart failure (HF) is a highly prevalent clinical entity that predominantly affects elderly people with comorbidities. Among these, chronic kidney disease is particularly frequent, complicating disease management and worsening prognosis. Supervised training programs in patients with HF have improved functional capacity and reduced hospitalizations. However, the evidence is scarce regarding the effects of a supervised training program on patients with HF and cardiorenal syndrome. This work aims to evaluate the effect of a supervised exercise program for 12 weeks in patients with HF and cardiorenal syndrome on peak oxygen consumption (peakVO2).

This is a prospective study, blinded for the evaluator, randomized (1:1) to receive standard management alone or combined with a training program (aerobic combined with strength exercises) that will be carried out in a single center. After randomization, patients will be clinically evaluated. The primary endpoint (peakVO2) will be assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing combined with echocardiography (echo-CPET) at 12 weeks. Ambulatory patients with heart failure and cardiorenal syndrome and functional class NYHA II-III will be enrolled. A sample size estimation \[alfa: 0.05, power: 80%, a 20% loss rate, and at least a delta change of mean peakVO2: +2,4 mL/kg/min (SD±2)\] of 26 patients (13 per arm) would be necessary to test our hypothesis.
Subjects who are randomized to clinic administration will receive subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA sc) injection administered by a clinic nurse or other qualified personnel and receive standard care. They will be instructed to make an appointment to return to the clinic as usual to receive subsequent injections every 12-14 weeks. All subjects will receive reminders when their next injection is due.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an active oxygen scavenger comprising a degraded substance of an anthocyanine pigment and to provide a method for producing the same.  <P>SOLUTION: The active oxygen scavenger comprises the degraded substance of the anthocyanine pigment derived from an acerola as an active ingredient. The method for producing the same is provided. The active oxygen scavenger comprises the degraded substance of the anthocyanine pigment with vitamin C and/or a metal. The method for producing the same is provided.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
Many studies have been conducted to look at methods to prevent and treat postspinal shivering. However, there is still no clear protocol or gold standard for post-spinal shivering management. This is due to the fact that post-spinal shivering mechanisms are complex and are broadly grouped into thermoregulatory and non-thermoregulatory. Preventive measures that have been studied are broadly classified into pharmacological methods and non-pharmacological methods. For Non-pharmacological method, active warming of the patient by various methods have been found to be effective in preventing PSS. However, there is no study that looks at ways to reduce heat loss hence maintaining normothermia and preventing PSS in patients. Therefore in this study, we will be investigating if higher OT temperature will reduce the incidence of PSS. As for pharmacological methods, many drugs have been studied for examples analgesics (tramadol), opioid receptor agonists (pethidine, fentanyl), cholinesterase inhibitors (physostigmine), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists (ketamine, magnesium sulphate), α2-central agonists (clonidine, dexmedetomidine), antiserotonergic (ondansetron) and anti-inflammatory drugs (dexamethasone). Ondansetron is usually used to prevent chemotherapy or radiotherapy-induced nausea vomiting and Post-operative nausea and vomiting. Due to the fact that it is generally a safe drug and has added benefit as an anti-emetics especially for obstetrics population, this drug is chosen to be studied. We will also look at the efficacy of the combined effect of increased OT temperature and prophylaxis ondansetron on preventing PSS.
Volunteers randomized into STR will be exercised 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Each training session will consist of 3 sets of 8 to 10 repetitions at 80% of maximal strength for LP and KE exercises.
Patients will be randomized to lifestyle change and the GLP-1 agonist, liraglutide. Subjects in this group will be administered 0.6mg liraglutide, sq injection daily for 1 week, increased to 1.2 mg for 1 week, and then 3.0 mg for the next 10 weeks of the acute phase. This gradual escalation of the dose is designed to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Empty syringes will be monitored for compliance.
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Once advanced, it is usually not cured. Studies have shown that patients with advanced breast cancer have a median survival of 2-3 years. For inoperable locally advanced breast cancer, systemic therapy is the first choice of treatment. Systemic treatments of hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer mainly include endocrine monotherapy, multi-drug combination therapy and chemotherapy. The overall survival is similar between patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer receiving chemotherapy and those receiving endocrine therapy. But quality of life and progression-free survival of patients receiving endocrine therapy are superior to those of receiving chemotherapy. Therefore, both the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the 2018 Chinese Expert Consensus on the Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Advanced Breast Carcinoma guidelines confirm that endocrine therapy is the preferred treatment for hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer.

Palbociclib is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor that reduces the proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells by blocking cells from the G1 phase to the S phase. Pfizer's innovative drug palbociclib (trade name: Ibrance®) was approved by the China National Drug Administration on July 31, 2018 for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative locally advanced breast cancer or metastatic breast cancer. In addition, aromatase inhibitors such as letrozole (trade name: Femara ®) can prolong the progression-free survival in the first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer to 10-13 months. Palbociclib combined with letrozole has been shown to exhibit stronger inhibitory effects on phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene (Rt), downstream signaling and tumor growth than monotherapy. Since 2015, palbociclib combined with letrozole has been recommended by the NCCN guideline as one treatment option for advanced breast cancer. However, since palbociclib has been approved for market entry in China for only 1 year, little is reported in China regarding large-sample clinical trials regarding the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of palbociclib combined with an aromatase inhibitor in hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative locally advanced breast cancer.
This study is to elucidate the effect of the LINC00663/EBF1/NR2F1 axis on inflammation and angiogenesis in bladder cancer (BC) and related molecular mechanisms. After transfection, functional experiments were conducted to test cell proliferation and invasion, tube formation ability, and content of inflammatory factors, Snail, E-cadherin, and VEGFA. Meanwhile, the relationships among LINC00663, EBF1, and NR2F1 were predicted and verified. In addition, xenograft experiments in nude mice were performed to observe the oncogenicity of 5637 BC cells in vivo. In BC tissues and cells, LINC00663 and NR2F1 were upregulated. Silencing NR2F1 or LINC00663 repressed cell proliferation and invasion, weakened vascular mimicry in vitro, decreased inflammatory factor, Snail, and VEGFA levels, and increased expression of E-cadherin. LINC00663 positively regulated NR2F1 expression through EBF1. Additionally, in vivo experiments showed that NR2F1 upregulation reversed the suppression effects of LINC00663 silencing on tumour growth, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Silencing LINC00663 decreased NR2F1 expression by mediating EBF1, thereby inhibiting BC inflammation and angiogenesis.
Thyrotropin alfa, a recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone, is a heterodimeric glycoprotein comprised of two non-covalently linked subunits, an alpha subunit of 92 amino acid residues containing two N-linked glycosylation sites and a beta subunit of 118 residues containing one N-linked glycosylation site. The amino acid sequence of thyrotropin alfa is identical to that of human pituitary TSH. Thyrotropin alfa is synthesized in a genetically modified Chinese hamster ovary cell line.

Both thyrotropin alfa and naturally occurring human pituitary TSH are synthesized as a mixture of glycosylation variants. Unlike pituitary TSH, which is secreted as a mixture of sialylated and sulfated forms, thyrotropin alfa is sialylated but not sulfated. The biological activity of thyrotropin alfa is determined by a cell-based bioassay. In this assay, cells expressing a functional TSH receptor and a cAMP-responsive element coupled to a heterologous reporter gene, luciferase, enable the measurement of thyrotropin alfa activity by measuring the luciferase response. The specific activity of thyrotropin alfa is determined relative to an internal Genzyme reference standard that was calibrated against the World Health Organization (WHO) human TSH reference standard.

THYROGEN (thyrotropin alfa) for injection is a sterile, white to off-white lyophilized powder in a single-dose vial for intramuscular use after reconstitution.

Each single-dose vial provides 0.9 mg of thyrotropin alfa, and contains mannitol (36 mg); sodium chloride (2.4 mg);sodium phosphate dibasic, heptahydrate (3.7 mg); and sodium phosphate monobasic, monohydrate (1.4 mg). After reconstitution with 1.2 mL of Sterile Water for Injection, USP, the concentration is 0.9 mg/mL with a deliverable volume of 1 mL (0.9 mg) and a pH of approximately 6.5 to 7.5.
BACKGROUND: Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS), classically presenting as a triad of early-onset cerebellar ataxia, lower extremity spasticity and peripheral neuropathy, is caused by mutations in SACS gene which encodes the protein sacsin.
OBJECTIVE: To provide new insight into the occurrence of SACS mutations in South India.
METHODS: Patients with three cardinal features of ARSACS-peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal tract signs were included. Nine patients were clinically identified and genetically evaluated. Mutation screening of SACS by targeted sequencing of 40 recessive ataxia genes panel by next-generation sequencing was conducted. Additional investigations included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fundoscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and nerve conduction studies (NCS). Functional disability was assessed by the Spinocerebellar Degeneration Functional Score.
RESULTS: Two hundred and fifteen cerebellar ataxia patients were screened, and 9 patients with cerebellar ataxia with spasticity, peripheral neuropathy and MRI brain characteristics, consistent with a clinical diagnosis of ARSACS were identified, of which 7 patients were identified to have mutation in the SACS gene and are detailed hereafter. Age of presentation ranged from 20 to 55 years (29.8 ± 11.9) with a mean disease duration of 12.7 years (SD-7.65, range 5-22 years). All except one had onset of symptoms in the form of an ataxic gait noticed before 20 years of age. Additional features were subnormal intelligence (4/7), slow and hypometric saccades (1/7), seizures (1/7), kyphoscoliosis (1/7) and dysmorphic facies (1/7). SDFS was 3 in 5/7 patients signifying moderate disability with independent ambulation. MRI showed cerebellar atrophy with predominant atrophy of the superior vermis (7/7), horizontal linear T2 hypointensities in the pons(7/7), hyperintensities where lateral pons merges with the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) (7/7) well seen in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, thickening of MCP (3/7), symmetric lateral thalamic hyperintensities (6/7), posterior fossa arachnoid cyst (4/7),thinning of posterior mid-body of corpus callosum (7/7), marginal mineralisation of the basal ganglia (7/7), bilateral parietal atrophy (7/7) and thinning of corticospinal tract on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) (7/7). We identified pathogenic homozygous frameshift mutations in the SACS gene in six patients (including two siblings), while one patient had a heterozygous pathogenic deletion.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest series of genetically confirmed ARSACS patients from India highlighting the clinical, ophthalmological, imaging and genetic features of this cohort.
Placebo SC plus MTX. Patients received placebo SC weekly administered subcutaneously for 24 times.All patients had a foundation MTX therapy, MTX dose should be stable, not to adjust the dose.The researchers evaluated the efficacy of the patient in 12 week.Evaluation of efficacy in patients if not get the ACR20 response, adjust the treatment plan given the test drug.Test group continue to the test drug,placebo group switch to the test drug.
Participants assigned to this group will not receive the MTC online program during the study period. At the end of the 8 weeks and after the post-questionnaire is completed, they will have the option to receive the MTC online program if they wish.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a healthcare system that sufficiently ensures the reliability of a target amount of calorie to be presented to a user.  <P>SOLUTION: The healthcare system 100 has a plurality of input terminals 40 and a server apparatus 50 that can communicate with each of the plurality of input terminals 40. When the user starts dieting, the input terminal 40 of the user acquires data for target setting and designation information of the user and transmits the data and information to the server apparatus 50. The data for target setting includes an increased target amount of calorie to be burned, a plurality of types of personal information of the user, an initial body weight, a dietting period, and a target body weight. The server apparatus 50 extracts data of other user corresponding to personal information designated by the received designation information and the received dietting period from a database portion 52, and creates an estimate equation based on the extracted data. The server apparatus 50 then calculates a target amount of consumed calorie to be reduced for the user by using the estimate equation.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
The patients will receive an injection of fluorophore (RDCy7) before the surgery. Then intraoperative fluorescence imaging will be performed to guide lesion resection.
The current low rate of vertical transmission of HIV in the U.S. limits the number and types of questions concerning transmission risk and pathogenesis that can be addressed by a single clinical trial. Specific U.S. Public Health Service guidelines recommend antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy to maximize health of women. However, data regarding the effectiveness and safety of and adherence to ART during pregnancy are limited. It is both appropriate and necessary for theInternational Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group (IMPAACT) to recruit pregnant women into a non-interventional, analytic, epidemiologic study to methodically collect clinical and laboratory data from them and their infants. This way, the IMPAACT can achieve the aims of evaluating management of HIV-infected women during pregnancy and determining the safety and effectiveness of ART and other interventions intended to prevent vertical transmission and/or improve maternal health. In addition, longitudinally collected core protocol data and repository specimens will enable future substudies.

Participants receive no protocol specific treatment or other intervention as part of this study. The study involves the follow-up of HIV-infected women enrolled during pregnancy or at the time of delivery for 6 months postpartum and their infants for the first 6 months of life. There will be 8 study visits for enrolled participants and 6 study visits for infants. Data concerning ART use, adherence to medications, and review of symptoms relevant to side effects and toxicities are collected through administration of questionnaires at all maternal visits. Phlebotomy is conducted to obtain specimens for a repository and for required laboratory tests. During labor and delivery, maternal blood is obtained for lymphocyte subset and viral load assays and for repository storage. Collection of amniotic fluid at the time of cesarean section is encouraged. These collections are submitted to a central repository. Data for the core protocol are abstracted from the infant's medical record at the time of birth and at each postnatal visit.
Patients receive sunitinib malate PO QD on days 1-21 and capecitabine PO BID on days 1-14. Courses repeat every 21 days in the absence or disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Hyperuricemia and its development to gout have reached epidemic proportions. Systemic hyperuricemia is facilitated by elevated activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), the sole source of uric acid in mammals. Here, we aim to investigate the role of bilirubin in maintaining circulating uric acid homeostasis. We observed serum bilirubin concentrations were inversely correlated with uric acid levels in humans with new-onset hyperuricemia and advanced gout in a clinical cohort consisting of 891 participants. We confirmed that bilirubin biosynthesis impairment recapitulated traits of hyperuricemia symptoms, exemplified by raised circulating uric acid levels and accumulated hepatic XO, and exacerbated mouse hyperuricemia development. Bilirubin administration significantly decreased circulating uric acid levels in hyperuricemia-inducing (HUA) mice receiving potassium oxonate (a uricase inhibitor) or fed with a high fructose diet. Finally, we proved that bilirubin ameliorated mouse hyperuricemia by increasing hepatic autophagy, restoring antioxidant defense and normalizing mitochondrial function in a manner dependent on AMPK pathway. Hepatocyte-specific AMPKα knockdown via adeno-associated virus (AAV) 8-TBG-mediated gene delivery compromised the efficacy of bilirubin in HUA mice. Our study demonstrates the deficiency of bilirubin in hyperuricemia progression, and the protective effects exerted by bilirubin against mouse hyperuricemia development, which may potentiate clinical management of hyperuricemia.
The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the surface of hematopoietic cells provides new methods for the stimulation and differentiation of various classes of progenitor cells. TLR2 and TLR4 agonists (natural ligands, mimetics, antibodies) are particularly useful in these methods. The cells can be isolated and used for various purpose including tissue regeneration and grafting. In contrast, antagonists of TLRs can be used to protect cells from various insults such as chemo- and radiotherapy, acute and chronic infection, and transplantation by inhibiting activation and differentiation. TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 pathway antagonists (soluble TLR, mimetics, antibodies) are particularly useful in these methods. Cells can be isolated and used for various purposes including transplantation.
Protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by thrombin. In the platelet, response to thrombin PAR4 contributes to the predominant procoagulant microparticle formation, increased fibrin deposition, and initiation of platelet-stimulated inflammation. In addition, PAR4 is expressed in other cell types, including endothelial cells. Under inflammatory conditions, PAR4 is overexpressed via epigenetic demethylation of the PAR4 gene, F2RL3. PAR4 knockout (KO) studies have determined a role for PAR4 in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain, and PAR4 KO mice display normal cardiac function but present less myocyte death and cardiac dysfunction in response to acute myocardial infarction. Although PAR4 has been reported to be expressed within the kidney, the contribution of PAR4 to acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not well understood. Here we report that PAR4 KO mice are protected against kidney injury in two mouse models. First, PAR4 KO mice are protected against induction of markers of both fibrosis and inflammation in two different models of kidney injury: 1) 7 days following unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) and 2) an AKI-CKD model of ischemia-reperfusion followed by 8 days of contralateral nephrectomy. We further show that PAR4 expression in the kidney is low in the control mouse kidney but induced over time following UUO. PAR4 KO mice are protected against blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) kidney function pathologies in the AKI-CKD model. Following the AKI-CKD model, PAR4 is expressed in the collecting duct colocalizing with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), but not in the proximal tubule with Lotus tetragonolobus lectin (LTL). Collectively, the results reported in this study implicate PAR4 as contributing to the pathology in mouse models of acute and chronic kidney injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The contribution of the thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) to acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not well understood. Here we report that PAR4 expression is upregulated after kidney injury and PAR4 knockout (KO) mice are protected against fibrosis following kidney injury in two mouse models. First, PAR4 KO mice are protected against unilateral ureter obstruction. Second, PAR4 KO mice are protected against an AKI-CKD model of ischemia-reperfusion followed by contralateral nephrectomy.