anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Experimental data indicate that the action of vinblastine sulfate is different from that of other recognized antineoplastic agents. Tissue-culture studies suggest an interference with metabolic pathways of amino acids leading from glutamic acid to the citric acid cycle and to urea. In vivo experiments tend to confirm the in vitro results. A number of studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that vinblastine sulfate produces a stathmokinetic effect and various atypical mitotic figures. The therapeutic responses, however, are not fully explained by the cytologic changes, since these changes are sometimes observed clinically and experimentally in the absence of any oncolytic effects. 

Reversal of the antitumor effect of vinblastine sulfate by glutamic acid or tryptophan has been observed. In addition, glutamic acid and aspartic acid have protected mice from lethal doses of vinblastine sulfate. Aspartic acid was relatively ineffective in reversing the antitumor effect. 

Other studies indicate that vinblastine sulfate has an effect on cell-energy production required for mitosis and interferes with nucleic acid synthesis. The mechanism of action of vinblastine has been related to the inhibition of microtubule formation in the mitotic spindle, resulting in an arrest of dividing cells at the metaphase stage.

Pharmacokinetic studies in patients with cancer have shown a triphasic serum decay pattern following rapid intravenous injection. The initial, middle and terminal half-lives are 3.7 minutes, 1.6 hours and 24.8 hours, respectively. The volume of the central compartment is 70% of body weight, probably reflecting very rapid tissue binding to formed elements of the blood. Extensive reversible tissue binding occurs. Low body stores are present at 48 and 72 hours after injection. Since the major route of excretion may be through the biliary system, toxicity from this drug may be increased when there is hepatic excretory insufficiency. The metabolism of vinca alkaloids has been shown to be mediated by hepatic cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in the CYP 3A subfamily. This metabolic pathway may be impaired in patients with hepatic dysfunction or who are taking concomitant potent inhibitors of these isoenzymes such as erythromycin. Enhanced toxicity has been reported in patients receiving concomitant erythromycin (see PRECAUTIONS). Following injection of tritiated vinblastine in the human cancer patient, 10% of the radioactivity was found in the feces and 14% in the urine; the remaining activity was not accounted for. Similar studies in dogs demonstrated that, over nine days, 30 to 36% of radioactivity was found in the bile and 12 to 17% in the urine. A similar study in the rat demonstrated that the highest concentrations of radioactivity were found in the lung, liver, spleen and kidney two hours after injection.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several studies from the United States report an increased risk of prolonged opioid use after shoulder replacement. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of prolonged opioid use after elective shoulder replacement in a nationwide Danish population.
METHODS: All primary elective shoulder arthroplasties reported to the Danish Shoulder Arthroplasty Registry (DSR) from 2004 to 2020 were screened for eligibility. Data on potential risk factors was retrieved from the DSR and the National Danish Patient Registry while data on medication was retrieved from the Danish National Health Service Prescription Database. Prolonged opioid use was defined as 1 or more dispensed prescriptions on and 90 days after date of surgery (Q1) and subsequently 1 or more dispensed prescriptions 91-180 days after surgery (Q2). Preoperative opioid use was defined as 1 or more dispensed prescriptions 90 days before surgery. Logistic regression models were used to estimate risk factors for prolonged opioid use.
RESULTS: We included 5,660 patients. Postoperatively 1,584 (28%) patients were dispensed 1 or more prescriptions in Q1 and Q2 and were classified as prolonged opioid users. Among the 2,037 preoperative opioid users and the 3,623 non-opioid users, 1,201 (59%) and 383 (11%) respectively were classified as prolonged users. Preoperative opioid use, female sex, alcohol abuse, previous surgery, high Charlson Comorbidity index, and preoperative use of either antidepressants, antipsychotics, or benzodiazepines were associated with increased risk of prolonged opioid use.
CONCLUSION: The incidence of prolonged opioid use was 28%. Preoperative use of opioids was the strongest risk factor for prolonged opioid use, but several other risk factors were identified for prolonged opioid use.
This arm of the clinical trial will involve eight weeks of twice weekly light load resistance training with BFR. Patients in this arm will complete four sets (30, 15, 15 and 15 repetitions, respectively) of unilateral leg press exercise at 30% of predicted one repetition maximum. BFR will be applied at 80% of total limb arterial occlusive pressure. Both legs will be trained, with the affected limb trained first and the unaffected limb matched for volume at a relative percentage of one repetition maximum. Both legs will be trained with BFR.
Provided are a pharmaceutical composition for preventing hyperphosphatemia and chronic kidney disease and treating chronic kidney disease, and a health functional food for alleviating hyperphosphatemia and chronic kidney disease using a  Lactobacillus  sp. KCCM 11826P strain with excellent phosphorus-absorbing ability.  The  Lactobacillus  sp. KCCM 11826P screened by the present invention can effectively inhibit absorption of phosphorus in the intestines.  In addition, the  Lactobacillus  sp. KCCM 11826P can replace calcium-based phosphorus binders, thus minimizing side-effects caused by increased blood-calcium concentrations and effectively preventing or treating hyperphosphatemia and chronic kidney disease.  In addition, the  Lactobacillus  sp. KCCM 11826P screened by the present invention can be administered at much lower cost than conventional phosphorus-binders, and can be administered much easier than conventional phosphorus-binders because the  Lactobacillus  sp. KCCM 11826P can be developed into yogurt, powders, patient nutrimental meals or the like based on characteristics of strains.
Patients receive gamma-secretase/Notch signalling pathway inhibitor RO4929097 PO on day 1 or days -2, -1, and 1 of course 1 and days 1-3 and 8-10 of course 2 and all subsequent courses. Patients also receive vismodegib PO QD beginning day 8 of course 1. Courses repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
PURPOSE:To provide a novel ligand-bonded polysaccharide bonded with a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound bonded through a specific group, active to specifically adsorb pyrogen and useful as an adsorbent for the removal of pyrogen. CONSTITUTION:A water-insoluble polysaccharide such as cellulose, agarose, etc., bonded with a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound of formula I (R is nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; A is single bond or lower alkylene; X is H or functional group) (e.g. histidine, uracil, etc.) through a group of formula II [B is group of formula -CH2CH(OH)CH2- or -(CH2)5-; n is 2-12] (e.g. the group of formula III). The polysaccharide can be produced e.g. by activating a water-insoluble polysaccharide with epichlorohydrin, reacting with an alkylenediamine of formula IV, activating again with epichlorohydrin and reacting with the compound of formula I.
Recent advances in insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices, and control algorithms have resulted in an acceleration of progress in the development of the automated systems of insulin delivery including advanced hybrid closed loop (HCL) insulin pumps. The results of the AHCL insulin pump based studies published so far are very encouraging, including that Medtronic-sponsored study performed at our center "Transition of CSII/CGM naïve patients directly into AHCL (780G) insulin pump: the impact on glucose patterns and quality of life measures" (1-6). Unfortunately there is little data concerning the usage of AHCL systems in older patients. The management of these individuals is particularly challenging as older adults with type 1 diabetes are especially vulnerable to hypoglycaemia. The recent ADA/EASD consensus underlines that the use of advanced technologies in older individuals is useful and should not be discontinued or a priori excluded because of the older age (7). Since the AHCL systems are very effective in hypoglycemia prevention they could be considered the treatment of choice in older patients with T1DM. The open question is how effectively would older individuals adopt this advanced technology, how would they accept it, and if the simplicity in terms of everyday usage of AHCL versus less advanced technologies would be appreciated by older individuals with T1DM. Older people with diabetes have a higher risk for cognitive impairment and for physical disability whether this may be effected by an improvement in glucose indices is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of AHCL in people with type 1 diabetes in improving glucose indices, quality of life and physical capacity indices
Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) is a commom complication during pregnancy. and the incidence has reached as high as 19.2% in China. GDM is associated with various adverse pregnancy outcomes for both the mother and her offspring, and not only during the perinatal phase, but also in the long term.Thus finding effective way to reduce the risk of GDM is of great importance,especial for women with high GDM risk factors. GDM history is one of the risk factors. Imoportantly, with the gradual opening of a two-child policy, more and more Chinese women of reproductive age enter pregnancy have a history of GDM. Our previous study showed that regular exercise commenced in early pregnancy is effective in reducing the risk of developing GDM in Chinese overweight and obese pregant women. Thus, in this study, we want to evaluate the effect of lifestyle intervention with detailed information on how to eat and how to diet in preventing the recurrence of GDM
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an oral solution excellent in stability by adding a specific compound or its edible salt to an oral solution comprising phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride or phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride and acetaminophen. SOLUTION: This oral solution is obtained by adding ascorbic acid or its edible salt to an oral solution comprising phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride or phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride and acetaminophen. In the case of the oral solution comprising phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, the solution is preferably mixed with 0.01-1.0W/V% of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride. In the case of the oral solution comprising phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride and acetaminophen, the solution is preferably mixed with 0.01-1.0W/V% of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride and 0.01-8.0 W/V% of acetaminophen. Both the oral solutions are preferably mixed with 0.001-15.0W/V% of ascorbic acid or its salt. The oral solutions are preferably adjusted to pH4-8. Since the oral solutions do not require specific technology and an additive, the solutions are obtained at a low cost and do not exhibit a taste and a swell to cause a pain in drinking.
BACKGROUND: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyses have found higher genetic burden in autistic females compared to males, supporting higher liability threshold in females. However, genomic evidence of sex differences has been limited to European ancestry to date and little is known about how genetic variation leads to autism-related traits within families across sex.
METHODS: To address this gap, we present WGS data of Korean autism families (n = 2255) and a Korean general population sample (n = 2500), the largest WGS data of East Asian ancestry. We analyzed sex differences in genetic burden and compared with cohorts of European ancestry (n = 15,839). Further, with extensively collected family-wise Korean autism phenotype data (n = 3730), we investigated sex differences in phenotypic scores and gene-phenotype associations within family.
RESULTS: We observed robust female enrichment of de novo protein-truncating variants in autistic individuals across cohorts. However, sex differences in polygenic burden varied across cohorts and we found that the differential proportion of comorbid intellectual disability and severe autism symptoms mainly drove these variations. In siblings, males of autistic females exhibited the most severe social communication deficits. Female siblings exhibited lower phenotypic severity despite the higher polygenic burden than male siblings. Mothers also showed higher tolerance for polygenic burden than fathers, supporting higher liability threshold in females.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that genetic liability in autism is both sex- and phenotype-dependent, expanding the current understanding of autism's genetic complexity. Our work further suggests that family-based assessments of sex differences can help unravel underlying sex-differential liability in autism.
Autoimmune von Willebrand factor (VWF) deficiency (AiVWFD) caused by anti-VWF autoantibodies is a rare bleeding disorder, whereas "non-immune" acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) caused by other etiologies is more common. Therefore, only 40 patients with AiVWFD have been identified in Japan through an ongoing nationwide survey on autoimmune coagulation factor deficiencies. This may be due to the inability to efficiently detect anti-VWF antibodies, as anti-VWF antibody testing is not routine. An 80-year-old Japanese woman developed AVWS and experienced bleeding after two separate common colds. She took the same cold medicine each time and recovered spontaneously after discontinuation of the medicine. Severe VWF deficiency normalized each time. Initial immunological tests did not detect anti-VWF autoantibodies, and thus a diagnosis of "non-immune" AVWS of unknown origin was made. However, after 6 years, new ELISA assays using purified VWF proteins detected free anti-VWF autoantibodies, which led to a retrospective diagnosis of AiVWFD. It is probable that the cold medicine (and/or cold virus infection) induced the autoantibodies, as the recurrence and normalization of the same coagulation abnormality and the clinical course (including drug administration and discontinuation) were completely synchronized. If AiVWFD is suspected, highly sensitive autoantibody tests should be performed.
This parent protocol contains two components - one of which is targeting cocaine users, the other of which is targeting heavy alcohol users (who will also serve as an appropriate control group for the cocaine users - who typically have comorbid alcohol use disorders). All participants will receive one session of real and one session of sham (randomized) continuous theta burst stimulation (TBS).TBS is a form of non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).Continuous TBS is designed to lower cortical excitability, and requires a shorter stimulation period than typical low frequency TMS. The investigators will test the hypotheses that stimulation over the medial prefrontal cortex will attenuate activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (Aim 1), using single pulse TMS in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Through this innovative technique it is possible to apply a single pulse of TMS to the medial prefrontal cortex and model the hemodynamic response at the stimulation site as well as monosynaptic target regions, including the striatum. The investigators will also investigate the effect of TBS on neural response to drug cues (Aim 2). The results of these aims will be further correlated with self-reported assessments of craving throughout each experimental visit. These data will be preliminary data for a subsequent R01 focused on the sustained effects of multiple sessions of TBS and their efficacy in lowering craving for extended periods of time in treatment-seekers.
Pressure will be applied to the relevant reflex areas of the foot based on the individual's pain area. In order to standardize the application, the procedure will start with the left foot and end with the right foot. Both feet will be massaged using petroleum jelly for 5 minutes of relaxation movements, 5 minutes of general foot massage and 5 minutes of standing and reflex area corresponding to the painful body area. 5 more minutes will be applied to the left foot in order to increase the endorphin secretion and reduce the pain by activating the parasympathetic system. Reflexology massage will be applied for a total of 35 minutes in one session. Each reflexology area will be stimulated 15 times, as less than 10 stimulation to a particular reflexology area does not produce any therapeutic effect and more than 20 stimulations will be excessive. A total of 3 follow-ups will be done throughout the study. In the follow-up sessions; Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4), The Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) , Neuropathic Pain Impact on Quality-of-Life questionnaire (NePIQoL) scales will be applied, foot assessment and SWMI test will be applied. The 1st follow-up will be done before any intervention in the 1st session, the 2nd follow-up will be done after the reflexology application in the 5th session, and the 3rd follow-up will be done after the reflexology application at the 10th session . There will be a break of at least one day between two sessions to relax the body and eliminate toxins.
UNLABELLED: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and has a poor prognosis and a high propensity to metastasize. Lipid metabolism has emerged as a critical regulator of tumor progression and metastasis in other cancer types. Characterization of the lipid metabolic features of TNBC could provide important insights into the drivers of TNBC metastasis. Here, we showed that metastatic TNBC tumors harbor more unsaturated phospholipids, especially long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, at the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine compared with primary tumors. Metastatic TNBC tumors upregulated ACSL4, a long-chain polyunsaturated acyl-CoA synthetase that drives the preferential incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids, resulting in the alteration of membrane phospholipid composition and properties. Moreover, ACSL4-mediated phospholipid remodeling of the cell membrane induced lipid-raft localization and activation of integrin β1 in a CD47-dependent manner, which led to downstream focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation that promoted metastasis. Importantly, pharmacologic inhibition of ACSL4 suppressed tumor growth and metastasis and increased chemosensitivity in TNBC models in vivo. These findings indicate that ACSL4-mediated phospholipid remodeling enables TNBC metastasis and can be inhibited as a potential strategy to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in TNBC.
SIGNIFICANCE: ACSL4 upregulation in triple-negative breast cancer alters cell membrane phospholipid composition to increase integrin β1 activation and drive metastasis, indicating that targeting ACSL4 could potentially block metastasis and improve patient outcomes.
A combination therapy for the treatment of cancers refractory to anti-androgen therapy; particularly prostate cancer. The combination therapy includes a pharmaceutically effective amount of enzalutamide, bicalutamide, and/or abiraterone combination with ranolazine, perhexiline, and/or etomoxir. The invention also includes methods for treating cancer. The method can include the steps of administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of an anti-androgen drug in combination with a pharmaceutically effective amount of a drug that block or reduces lipid metabolism. The cancer can be prostate cancer. In a beneficial embodiment the prostate cancer is unresponsive or has a reduced responsiveness to anti-androgen treatment. The pharmaceutically effective amount of an anti-androgen drug can enzalutamide and abiraterone. It can also be combinations, analogs and derivatives of enzalutamide and/or abiraterone. The pharmaceutically effective amount of a drug that blocks or reduces lipid metabolism can be ranolazine, perhexiline, or etomoxir. It can also be combinations, analogs and derivatives of ranolazine, perhexiline, and/or etomoxir.
PURPOSE:To simply, accurately measure scattering simultaneous count by placing a gamma-ray absorber between each pair of detectors of many pairs of detector rings disposed at symmetrical positions and rotating it along a concentric circle with the rings. CONSTITUTION:A rodlike gamma-ray absorber 26 is placed inside gamma-rays detector rings arranged in a ring state, and rotated on a concentric circumference with the rings. When the absorber 26 is moved to opposed lines of a pair of gamma-ray detectors 12-N1 and 12-N2, positrons at a point 29 of an object 30 to be exposed collide with electrons of the object 30. Even if 7-rays are emitted toward the detectors N1, N2, the gamma-rays directed toward the detector N1 are absorbed the absorber 26, and only the t-rays directed toward the detector N2 are detected. Accordingly, scattering simultaneous counted value indicated at the other positrons 31 is measured by the detector N1, N2. If there is no absorber 26, an ordinary simultaneous counting is measured. A true simultaneous counting is obtained by removing scattering simultaneous counting from the measured simultaneous counting, and a positron image having high quantitativity is reformed.
Patients are instructed to drink water and other liquids on demand. Patients are asked to note on a food record food and liquids and quantities consumed throughout the day. Patients are advised to make a four-day food diary out of the 14 days.
Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have recently attracted significant attention due to their impressive performance on many real-world tasks. These models have also demonstrated the potential in facilitating various biomedical tasks. However, little is known of their potential in biomedical information retrieval, especially identifying drug-disease associations. This study aims to explore the potential of ChatGPT, a popular LLM, in discerning drug-disease associations. We collected 2694 true drug-disease associations and 5662 false drug-disease pairs. Our approach involved creating various prompts to instruct ChatGPT in identifying these associations. Under varying prompt designs, ChatGPT's capability to identify drug-disease associations with an accuracy of 74.6-83.5% and 96.2-97.6% for the true and false pairs, respectively. This study shows that ChatGPT has the potential in identifying drug-disease associations and may serve as a helpful tool in searching pharmacy-related information. However, the accuracy of its insights warrants comprehensive examination before its implementation in medical practice.
In one embodiment of the invention, a computerized method for producing a treatment decision for adaptive radiation therapy (ART) is disclosed. The method comprises several steps. First, patient specific input data regarding a patient and general patient population data are input into a treatment decision engine. Next, this data is analyzed in order to adjust a set of interrelationships and thresholds to fit the ART regimen for which a decision is being processed. In a third step, the interrelationships and thresholds are applied to the data using a processing module which formulates a decision regarding the current ART regimen, and metadata regarding the medical condition of the patient. Finally, the decision and metadata are outputted such that they are accessible to a user. Using such a method, a treatment decision for ART is produced.