anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The invention provides a preparation method of 2alpha, 3beta-dihydroxyl oleanane-13(18)-ene-28-acid and an application of 2alpha, 3beta-dihydroxyl oleanane-13(18)-ene-28-acid in preparing an antibacterial agent. A potent antibacterial agent (medicine) is extracted and separated from Rosaceae Rose fructus rosae laevigatae widely distributed in China. The acid is abundant in plant source and convenient to extract. The plant is not damaged but utilized for a long time when plant fruits are extracted. The acid provided by the invention is environmentally-friendly and has better economic benefit. The monomer compound product is stable and easy to store. The acid is wide in bacteriostatic activity spectrum and high in bacteriostatic activity, can be further developed as an effective and safe antibacterial agent of foods such as fruits and vegetables and novel anti-infection medicines, and has good market prospect.
OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate the performance of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in conjunction with mammography for the detection and characterization of lesions in women with suspicious mammographic or clinical examinations. II. Assess the incremental value of breast MRI to determine the local extent of cancer in these patients. III. Assess the value of breast MRI to determine the prevalence and characteristics of incidental enhancing lesions in the remainder of the breast.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients undergo a high resolution 3D post contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Patients with enhancing abnormalities undergo a dynamic scan no less than 18 hours later. Some patients may require a third scan if a core biopsy is to be performed. Patients who are ultimately found to have cancer are assessed for extent of cancer including measurement of the index lesion and identification of other present foci of cancer in relation to the index lesion. Further histological diagnosis of index lesions is determined by MRI-guided needle localization excisional biopsy. Patients with benign needle biopsy are followed for 2 years. Patients with benign primary lesions receive a follow up MRI scan 1 year after the initial scan. Patients with benign primary lesions and incidental enhancing lesions (IEL) are followed at 2 years. Patients with negative needle biopsies not yielding a specific diagnosis and who do not undergo subsequent excisional biopsy are followed yearly for 2 years.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 1500 patients will be accrued for this study over 4.25 years.
The thieno-diazepin deriv. of formula (I) and its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, specifically the hydrochloride, are new:- (I) is prepd. by first reacting cyclopropyl methyl ketone with benzoylacetonitrile; sepg. the cis isomer of the prod. and reacting in sequence with S, BrCH2COBr anf NH3. The prod. is then cyclised to the 1-4-analogue of (I) which is methylated. (I) is used to treat gastroduodenal disorders, specifically to protect against ulcers. It is pref. administered orally at 0.1-0.3g/day. It has oral LD50 in rats of 915mg/kg with a therapeutic index of 23.
Hereditary arrhythmias, as a class of cardiac electrophysiologic abnormalities caused mainly by genetic mutations, have gradually become one of the most important causes of sudden cardiac death in recent years. With the continuous development of genetics and molecular biology techniques, the study of inherited arrhythmias has made remarkable progress in the past few decades. More and more disease-causing genes are being identified, and there have been advances in the application of genetic testing for disease screening in individuals with disease and their family members. Determining more refined disease prevention strategies and therapeutic regimens that are tailored to the genetic characteristics and molecular pathogenesis of different groups or individuals forms the basis of individualized treatment. Understanding advances in the study of inherited arrhythmias provides important clues to better understand their pathogenesis and clinical features. This article provides a review of the pathophysiologic alterations caused by genetic variants and their relationship to disease phenotypes, including mainly cardiac ion channelopathies and cardiac conduction disorders.
Compositions and methods for promoting generation or regeneration of the lymphatic system in a subject are provided. Compositions and methods for the treatment of lymphedema are also provided. The composition can include extracellular vesicles and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and is typically cell-free. In some embodiments, the extracellular vesicles are formed by a method including culturing MSCs to produce media conditioned with the extracellular vesicles, and optionally, but preferably separating the extracellular vesicles from the media conditioned by the MSCs. In some embodiments, the extracellular vesicles include or consist of exosomes, microvesicles or a combination thereof, and they may have a size of between about 20 nm and about 500 nm. In some embodiments, extracellular vesicles include CD9, CD63, or a combination thereof and/or one or more of miR-199a-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-377-3p, miR-100-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-495-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-658, miR-493-3p, miR-184, and miR-27a-3p.
The present invention relates to a tea of Salviamiltiorrhizabge. f. alba and a preparation method thereof, particularly to a health care beverage  by using Taishan Salviamiltiorrhizabge. f. alba as a main raw material and a preparation method thereof. The present invention uses Taishan Salviamiltiorrhizabge. f. alba root, Salviamiltiorrhizabge. f. alba leaf and cassia occidentalis used as raw materials for both medicines and foods, specifically Salviamiltiorrhizabge. f. alba leaf and cassia occidentalis are added on the basis of Salviamiltiorrhizabge. f. alba root, wherein the Salviamiltiorrhizabge. f. alba root and the cassia occidentalis are stir-baked for use, the Salviamiltiorrhizabge. f. alba leaf is dried for use, and the tea beverage which can be directly soaked for drinking is prepared by a new tea preparation process. The tea is sweet, mellow and delectable, and can be drunk safely and conveniently. The tea not only can thoroughly eliminate the bitterness of raw Salviamiltiorrhizabge. f. alba, but also can further increase the function of health care.
BACKGROUND: Early recognition, which preferably happens in primary care, is the most important tool to combat cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to predict acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) using Machine Learning (ML) in primary care cardiovascular patients. We compare the ML-models' performance with that of the common SMART algorithm and discuss clinical implications.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Patient-level medical record data (n = 13,218) collected between 2011-2021 from 90 GP-practices were used to construct two random forest models (one for AMI and one for IHD) as well as a linear model based on the SMART risk prediction algorithm as a suitable comparator. The data contained patient-level predictors, including demographics, procedures, medications, biometrics, and diagnosis. Temporal cross-validation was used to assess performance. Furthermore, predictors that contributed most to the ML-models' accuracy were identified. The ML-model predicting AMI had an accuracy of 0.97, a sensitivity of 0.67, a specificity of 1.00 and a precision of 0.99. The AUC was 0.96 and the Brier score was 0.03. The IHD-model had similar performance. In both ML-models anticoagulants/antiplatelet use, systolic blood pressure, mean blood glucose, and eGFR contributed most to model accuracy. For both outcomes, the SMART algorithm was substantially outperformed by ML on all metrics.
CONCLUSION: Our findings underline the potential of using ML for CVD prediction purposes in primary care, although the interpretation of predictors can be difficult. Clinicians, patients, and researchers might benefit from transitioning to using ML-models in support of individualized predictions by primary care physicians and subsequent (secondary) prevention.
Diabetes mellitus and obesity are major public health issues that significantly impact the health care system. The next generation of health care providers will need a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases if we are to prevent, treat, and eventually cure these diseases and ease the burden on patients and the health care system. Physiology core concepts are a set of core principles, or "big ideas," identified by physiology educators that are thought to promote long-term retention, create a deeper understanding, and help with formation of critical thinking skills. Here we describe our scaffolded teaching approach in an upper year undergraduate pathophysiology course to educate students about these two diseases and discuss how learning about the basis of these highly integrative diseases from the biochemical to whole body level is a meaningful tool in the physiology educator toolbox to reinforce physiology core concepts. This teaching strategy is designed to engage students in the scientific process and hone their problem-solving skills such that they are hopefully equipped to treat and eventually cure these diseases as they move forward in their careers.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Students often struggle with integration of physiological systems. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity are two related diseases that are useful to explore the interdependence of physiological systems and multiple physiology core concepts. Deep learning about these diseases has the potential to dramatically improve the health care system of the future.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in patients diagnosed with high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) using a national cohort of NMIBC patients.
METHODS: A cohort of patients diagnosed with NMIBC cancer with urothelial carcinoma from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) between 2004 and 2019 was utilized. The cohort consists of patients who have not received BCG and underwent upfront radical cystectomy or pelvic exenteration. Kaplan-Meier analysis was utilized to assess overall survival (OS) outcomes. Cox regression was also utilized to identify independent predictors of OS.
RESULTS: The cohort of 9399 patients was stratified by clinical T stage and then subdivided by pathological outcome. For patients with cTa, a majority received a lymph node dissection 97.74% (941/1019), amongst the entire cohort, a minority had node positive disease 3.3% (34/1019). For cTis, most patients received a lymph node dissection 94.08% (482/507), and a minority had node positive disease 5.1% (26/507). For cT1, most patients had a lymph node dissection 95.62% (6,060/6,337), and a 13.1% (832/6337) of patients had a positive lymph node. Amongst patients with cT1 disease who underwent PLND, KMA demonstrated better OS compared to patients who did not undergo PLND (P < .001).
CONCLUSION: The data suggests an OS benefit in patients with later stage (cT1) NMIBC. Thus, our findings support the existing clinical guidelines of pelvic lymph node dissection in patients with high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.
Oxaliplatin injection, USP is supplied in clear, glass, single-dose vials with grey rubber stoppers and aluminum flip-off seals containing 50 mg/10 mL or 100 mg/20 mL of oxaliplatin as a sterile, clear, colorless, preservative-free, aqueous solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. 

NDC 0781-9315-70: 50 mg single-dose vial with green flip-off seal individually packaged in a carton.

NDC 0781-9317-80: 100 mg single-dose vial with dark blue flip-off seal individually packaged in a carton.

Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Do not freeze and protect from light (keep in original outer carton). Discard unused portion.

Oxaliplatin injection is a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.1 The use of gloves is recommended. If a solution of oxaliplatin injection contacts the skin, wash the skin immediately and thoroughly with soap and water. If oxaliplatin injection contacts the mucous membranes, flush thoroughly with water.
This is an adaptive, Phase 1, first-in-human (FIH), single treatment, double blind, placebo controlled, randomized, single and multiple ascending dose study of KNX100 administered to healthy volunteers. Approximately 64 male and female healthy subjects will be enrolled into this study. Healthy subjects who meet all the eligibility criteria will be randomly assigned to Cohorts 1-5 for the Single Ascending Dose and Cohorts 1-3 for the Multiple Ascending Dose. Each cohort will evaluate 8 subjects; 6 subjects will receive KNX100 (study drug) and 2 subjects will receive placebo.

Each cohort will be enrolled sequentially, and dose escalation decisions will be made according to protocol by the Cohort Review Committee (CRC) consisting of the investigators and medical monitor. Subjects and clinical staff will be blinded to therapy assignment. KNX100 will be provided in capsule form as 5, 25 and 100 mg capsules for oral administration and the dose range will be 5 to 50mg.
Treating (M1) hard tooth tissue involves (A1) infiltration and/or sealing of hard tooth tissue with a composition (P1) comprising (a1) a filler system having inorganic filler particles surface-modified by unit of organic structural elements, and (b1) an organic binder system having polymerizable monomer, where the system (a1) is dispersed in the system (b1); (B1) detecting caries in the infiltrated region of the hard tooth tissue or under the seal of the hard tooth tissue by unit of fluorescence, and/or (C1) determining changes in the seal of the hard tooth tissue by unit of fluorescence. Treating (M1) hard tooth tissue involves (A1) infiltration and/or sealing of hard tooth tissue with a composition (P1) comprising (a1) a filler system consisting of or comprising inorganic filler particles surface-modified by unit of organic structural elements, where the organic structural elements can be reacted with an organic binder system to form covalent bonds, where the filler particles of the composition have an average particle size of 1-150 nm, and (b1) an organic binder system comprising at least one polymerizable monomer, where the filler system (a1) is dispersed in the organic binder system (b1); (B1) detecting caries in the infiltrated region of the hard tooth tissue or under the seal of the hard tooth tissue by unit of fluorescence, and/or (C1) determining changes in the seal of the hard tooth tissue by unit of fluorescence, where step (B1) and/or step (C1) occur after step (A1). Independent claims are included for the following: (1) recording (M2) data of a fluorescence measurement on a tooth involving irradiation of an infiltrated and/or sealed tooth surface with excitation radiation which causes the emission of fluorescence radiation, where the tooth surface is infiltrated and/or sealed with the composition (P1), where the infiltrant in the infiltrated tooth surface or the seal on the tooth surface is configured such that it is transparent both to the excitation radiation and to the fluorescence radiation emitted, recording of corresponding fluorescence radiation data; and (2) kit for (a2) infiltration and/or sealing of hard tooth tissue and (b2) (i) detection of caries in the infiltrated region or under the seal by unit of fluorescence and/or (ii) determination of changes in the state of infiltration of a tooth and/or for determination of changes in the seal on a tooth of a patient, comprising the composition (P1), and a device for detection of fluorescence radiation emitted by the hard tooth tissue and/or the seal and/or the infiltrant in the infiltrated region. ACTIVITY : Antibacterial. No biological data given. MECHANISM OF ACTION : None given.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disease that causes an impairment of learning and memory. Despite the highly complex pathogenesis of AD, amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formation are the main hallmarks of AD. Neuroinflammation also has a crucial role in the development of AD. As the central nervous system's innate immune cells, microglial cells are activated in AD and induce inflammation by producing pro-inflammatory mediators. However, microglial activation is not always deleterious. M2-activated microglial cells are considered anti-inflammatory cells, which develop neuroprotection. Various approaches are proposed for managing AD, yet no effective therapy is available for this disorder. Considering the potential protective role of M2 microglia in neurodegenerative disorders and the improvement of these disorders by preconditioning approaches, it can be suggested that preconditioning of microglial cells may be beneficial for managing AD progression. Therefore, this study review microglial preconditioning approaches for preventing and improving AD.
Risk Summary

Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, fulvestrant can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. There are no available data in pregnant women to inform the drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, administration of fulvestrant to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis caused embryo-fetal toxicity, including skeletal malformations and fetal loss, at daily doses that were 6% and 30% of the maximum recommended human dose based on mg/m2, respectively [see Data]. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

Administration of fulvestrant to rats prior to and up to implantation caused embryonic loss at daily doses that were 0.6% of the daily maximum recommended human dose based on mg/m2. When fulvestrant was administered to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis, intramuscular doses ≥ 0.1 mg/kg/day (6% of the human recommended dose based on mg/m2) caused effects on embryo-fetal development consistent with its antiestrogenic activity. Fulvestrant caused an increased incidence of fetal abnormalities in rats (tarsal flexure of the hind paw at 2 mg/kg/day; equivalent to the human dose based on mg/m2) and non-ossification of the odontoid and ventral tubercle of the first cervical vertebra at doses ≥ 0.1 mg/kg/day. Fulvestrant administered at 2 mg/kg/day caused fetal loss.

When administered to pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis, fulvestrant caused pregnancy loss at an intramuscular dose of 1 mg/kg/day (equivalent to the human dose based on mg/m2). Further, at 0.25 mg/kg/day (30% the human dose based on mg/m2), fulvestrant caused increases in placental weight and post-implantation loss in rabbits. Fulvestrant was associated with an increased incidence of fetal variations in rabbits (backwards displacement of the pelvic girdle, and 27 pre-sacral vertebrae at 0.25 mg/kg/day; 30% the human dose based on mg/m2) when administered during the period of organogenesis.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inhalation preparation which can increase the amount of a medicine delivered to the diseased part of a patient and can thereby increase the efficacy of the medicine.  <P>SOLUTION: This inhalation preparation 1 sealed in a capsule is prepared by mixing a fine non-granulated medicine 2 and a granulated medicine 3. The non-granulated medicine 2 comprises, for example, 2 to 7μm medicine fine particles. The granulated medicine 3 having, for example, a particle diameter of about 90 to 500μm is formed by granulating the above medicine fine particles with a granulation machine using static elasticity, liquid crosslinking force, compressed air, or the like. The granulated medicine 3 is mixed with the non-granulated medicine 2 in a larger volume ratio than that of the non-granulated medicine 2.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI
PURPOSE: To obtain a new phthalide derivative having the marked suppressing effect of cell proliferations and useful for the treatment of an arteriosclerosis. CONSTITUTION: This new phthalide derivative comprises a compound of formula I (R1 is a 6-8C linear chain alkyl or a 4-6C cyclic alkyl). e.g. (Z)-3-heptylidene-4,5- dihydroxyphthalide. The compound of formula I is obtained by conducting the cyclization reaction of an acetylene carboxylic acid of formula II (R2 is a 6-8C linear chain alkyl or a 4-8C cyclic alkyl) by mixing one or more silver salt (e.g. silver iodide, silver bromide, silver carbonate, silver sulfate and silver chromate) and/or silver in a solvent (e.g. anhydrous dimethylformamide) at -40 to 100 deg.C. It is possible to formulate an oral or a non oral preparation containing the compound of the formula I as an active ingredient. The dosages of 100mg/day to 1g/day for the oral preparations and 1 to 0.1mg/day as the form of an injection for the non oral preparations are suitably administered.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new percutaneous absorbent containing caffeine in high content by containing caffeine or its salt as an active ingredient and formulating a specific solvent and an absorption promoter in a base. SOLUTION: This absorbent is prepared by using caffeine or its pharmacologically permissible salt as an active ingredient and formulating an absorption promoter in a mixed solvent of alcohols and water containing the active ingredient. As the alcohols, monovalent alcohols such as methanol and ethanol and polyvalent alcohols such as ethylene glycol and glycerol are preferable. As the absorption promoter, refined oils (preferably 1-menthol, basil oil, eucalyptus oil, and rosemary oil are preferable. The content of caffeine in the percutaneous absorbent is 0.5-15wt.%. The whole weight of alcohols and water is 5-200 times as much as the weight of caffeine and the weight ratio of the alcohols to water is preferable to be 2:1 to 1:10. Further, the absorption promoter is contained in an amount of 0.1-10wt.% based on the whole weight of preparation.  This preparation is usable as ointments, lotions, cataplasms and patchs.