anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Caffeine is one of the widely used medications in the neonatal care units and in spite of its widespread use in preterm infants, there has been little information about the optimal efficient dose in those patients Caffeine therapy for treatment of apnea of prematurity (AOP) is well established over the past few years, yet the optimal loading and maintenance dose of caffeine in preterm infants is not well-studied AOP is a common complication of preterm birth, which affects more than 80 % of neonates with a birth weight less than 1,000 g. Methylxanthine (MGs), including caffeine and theophylline, are a mainstay in the treatment and prevention of AOP The efficiency of caffeine, as a preferred methylxanthine, to stimulate respiration has been well proven as it has a significant favorable impact on neonatal morbidity as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation. Also, the results of previous studies revealed that caffeine enhances respiratory muscle strength and lung function followed by easier weaning of mechanical ventilation in premature infants. Besides, a rapid and sustained increase in diaphragmatic activity and tidal volume was reported in preterm infants followed by caffeine administration Previous studies have shown that caffeine citrate was generally well tolerated by premature neonates in clinical trials and declined the incidence of apnea in this population compared with placebo. Also, caffeine is related to superior outcomes due to its lower toxicity and it is a preferred drug for apnea in preterm infants with respiratory problems. It has also a significant function as a noninvasive respiratory support. It facilitates the transition from invasive to noninvasive support, reduces the duration of positive airway pressure support and decreases the risk of BPD in preterm infants The optimum caffeine dose in preterm infants with AOP has not been well studied as well as heterogeneous reports on the optimal loading and maintenance dose of caffeine in several studies in terms of benefits and risks. Many investigations have been conducted about various dosing regimens in the improvement or prevention of respiratory disorders of premature infants. These dosage regimens, although, have been associated with varying degrees of success The aim of this study is to determine if the use of caffeine in doses higher than the currently standard dose can decrease the frequency of apnea in preterm infants without causing significant side effects
The present invention relates generally to improved methods for tissue engineering including tissue transplantation, augmentation and regeneration. More particularly, the present invention provides a method for the generation of donor vascularized tissue suitable for use in tissue transplantation, augmentation and/or repair. The present invention further enables the use of a support matrix in the generation of an anatomical construct comprising the donor vascular tissue. The support matrix may be devised such that it has dimensions of a size and shape adapted to simulate those of tissue to be transplanted, augmented and/or repaired. In addition to its use in tissue repair, the methods and support matrix of the present invention may also find application as a means for delivering a desirable gene product to a subject. The method and support matrix of the present invention is conveniently be made available in the form of a kit, for use generally in the field of tissue engineering.
Embodiments of the invention generally provide pharmaceutical drug compositions, methods of preparing oral drug compositions, such as controlled release dosage compositions for hydrophobic active ingredients. In one aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a hydrophobic drug, an adjustable ratio of a non-cross linked hydrogel polymer and a non-gelling insoluble polymer. One example is a controlled release pharmaceutical composition which includes 1% to 80% of a therapeutically amount of cilostazol, 4% to 80% of a water-swelling hydrogel polymer, and 4% to 80% of a non-gelling insoluble polymer. In another aspect, a constant release profile of the pharmaceutical formulation is obtained. In another aspect, a zero degree release profile of the pharmaceutical formulation is obtained. Further, a method for treating intermittent claudication using the pharmaceutical formulation is provided.
Efficacy in the pediatric population has not been demonstrated.

The pharmacokinetics of tolterodine extended release capsules have been evaluated in pediatric patients ranging in age from 11–15 years. The dose-plasma concentration relationship was linear over the range of doses assessed. Parent/metabolite ratios differed according to CYP2D6 metabolizer status [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)]. CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers had low serum concentrations of tolterodine and high concentrations of the active metabolite 5-HMT, while poor metabolizers had high concentrations of tolterodine and negligible active metabolite concentrations.

A total of 710 pediatric patients (486 on tolterodine tartrate extended-release capsules, 224 on placebo) aged 5–10 with urinary frequency and urge incontinence were studied in two randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 12-week studies. The percentage of patients with urinary tract infections was higher in patients treated with tolterodine tartrate extended-release capsules (6.6%) compared to patients who received placebo (4.5%). Aggressive, abnormal, and hyperactive behavior and attention disorders occurred in 2.9% of children treated with tolterodine tartrate extended-release capsules compared to 0.9% of children treated with placebo.
Provided are a solution for treatment of difficult diseases in animals and plants, which has high bactericidal and therapeutic effects by extracting antibacterial substances and immune-enhancing ingredients from Reishi Kazuno; and a production method therefor. The production method for the solution for treatment increased the extraction efficiency by conducting a reduction treatment with hydrogen gas to the extracting solution and a nanobubbles process by air and oxygen gas. Long-term maintenance of functional technology of the solution for treatment was established according to an anti-oxidation treatment by reducing conditions. The effects of the solution for treatment against pathogens in plant diseases are recognized on symptom recovery by any of alcohol extract, glycerin extract, rare acid extract, rare alkaline extract, and pyroligneous acid extract. Particularly, it was found that the effects are extremely high when the period of time after the onset is short. It was found that the effects of the solution for treatment against pathogens in animal diseases recognized on recovery by any of the aforementioned extracts are extremely high when the application is conducted carefully many times as animals lick the extracts naturally, on their own.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject inhibitor having the activity to scavenge the SH groups of SH group-contg. compounds in vivo and therefore useful for overcoming drug resistance in therapies using anticancer agent by including an L-hydroxyoxonorvaline as an active substance. SOLUTION: This inhibitor is obtained by including L-5-hydroxy-4- oxonorvaline of the formula which is available by isolation from an Actinomycetes KS6701 or KS8846 strain or Streptomyces akiyoshiensis nov.sp. as a well-known Actinomycetes strain. The above compound of the formula can induce overcoming drug resistance through reducing cancer cell glutathione level by its administration to cancer tissues which have acquired drug resistance, thereby improving therapeutic effect as a result of using carcinostatics. Also, drug resistance overcoming agents and SH group scavengers can be obtained by including the above compound of the formula. It is preferable that the above inhibitor is administered orally or percutaneously, and its daily dose being 1-2,000 mg or 0.1-900 mg for oral administration or intravenous administration, respectively.
BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection has a one-year prevalence of 11% in women and ranges among the most common reasons for consulting a primary care physician and for receiving a prescription for antibiotics. In the case of recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI), there are questions about the further work-up, treatment, and preventive measures.
METHODS: The systematic literature search performed for the update of the German clinical practice guideline on uncomplicated urinary tract infection (043-044) (up to February 2022) was supplemented with a selective search for clinical trials (up to August 2023).
RESULTS: Urine culture and ultrasonography are reasonable steps in the diagnostic evaluation of rUTI. Further invasive testing is suggested for men but is not routinely indicated for women. Antibiotics are among the most effective preventive measures (risk ratio [RR] 0.15, 95% confidence interval [0.1; 0.3]) but carry a high risk of side effects. Non-antibiotic preparations such as cranberry juice (RR 0.74 [0.5; 0.99]), mannose (RR 0.23 [0.14; 0.37]), and vaginal estrogen (RR, 0.42 [0.30; 0.59]) can also reduce the infection rate, with a low risk of side effects. Increased daily fluid intake has been shown to lower infection rates in the short term (odds ratio [OR] 0.13 [0.07; 0.25]); the use of hygienically advisable wiping techniques after passing stool or urine has been little studied but can be implemented with no risk.
CONCLUSION: rUTI poses a challenge for the treating physician. The measures to be taken must be considered on an individual basis. Vulnerable groups, such as older patients, need special attention.
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a prevalent form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), presents a significant clinical challenge due to the lack of optimal therapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence suggests that fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20) may play a crucial role in mitigating UC symptoms, though the mechanistic underpinnings remain elusive. In this study, a mouse model of UC was established using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to investigate the potential role of FGF20. Our findings revealed a marked reduction in FGF20 expression in the serum and colonic tissues of DSS-treated mice. Furthermore, FGF20 knockout did not exacerbate colonic damage in these mice. Conversely, overexpression of FGF20 via adeno-associated virus (AAV) significantly alleviated UC-associated symptoms. This alleviation was evidenced by attenuated intestinal shortening, mitigated weight loss, increased colonic goblet cell density and crypt formation, reduced inflammation severity and inflammatory cell infiltration, and enhanced expression of tight junction and mucin proteins. Moreover, FGF20 significantly ameliorated the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in DSS-treated mice by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria. The beneficial effects of FGF20 were notably attenuated following gut microbiota depletion with an antibiotic regimen. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments further supported the critical role of gut microbiota in mediating the effects of FGF20 on DSS-treated mice. In conclusion, these findings highlight the potential involvement of gut microbiota in the therapeutic effects of FGF20 in UC.
Discoloration of teeth is a frequent dental finding and it is often esthetically displeasing and psychologically traumatizing to the patient (Manuel et al., 2010). Changes in the three distinct layers of the tooth; enamel, dentin and cementum are known to cause modification in the appearance of the teeth leading to a change in its light transmission and reflection properties (Watts et al., 2001). Generally, tooth discoloration is said to have occurred when there is a deviation in tooth color. Suresh and Gopi in 2010 noted that the normal color of primary teeth is bluish white, whereas the color of permanent teeth is grayish white or yellowish white. The teeth of adults usually appear more yellow or grayish yellow than those of younger persons because as one ages, the enamel becomes thinner from physiological wear, while the dentin becomes thicker from the deposition of secondary dentin. There are two types of tooth discoloration, extrinsic and intrinsic, while the extrinsic type is apparent on the outer surface of the teeth, the intrinsic type stains are coming from inside of the teeth. The main cause of intrinsic tooth discoloration is the decomposition of pulp tissue, which is the first indication of pulp death (Suresh \& Gopi., 2010). Other causes of intrinsic tooth discoloration are enamel opacities, dental caries, tetracycline, minocycline and doxycycline staining, and enamel hypoplasia (Koleoso et al., 2004). These medications can leave a characteristic bright-yellow band that fluoresces under ultraviolet light (tetracycline) or a green-gray or blue-gray intrinsic staining (minocycline). Also, Fluoride can cause enamel discoloration through hypomineralization when too much of it is ingested during the early maturation stage of enamel formation. In addition, dental materials used for dental restorations like amalgam restorations, can generate corrosion products such as silver sulfide which can leave a gray-black color on the teeth.

On the other hand, extrinsic dental discoloration might be due to tea, coffee, tobacco smoking/chewing, betel nut chewing, drugs (e.g., chlorhexidine mouth rinse), iron salts, heavy metals (e.g., silver nitrate and lead), essential oils, amoxicillin-clavulinic acid, ciprofloxacin, linezolide, and glibenclamide (Kumar et al., 2012). Enamel defects, salivary dysfunction, and poor oral hygiene could be predisposing factors to extrinsic discoloration. Small pits and defects on the outer surface of the enamel can lead to an accumulation of food particles and stains from beverages, tobacco, and other topical agents on its surface causing the discoloration. Salivary dysfunction such as, decreased salivation can lead to difficulties in removing food debris from the tooth surface and can thus contribute to the staining of teeth. Conditions that are associated with a reduction in the salivation are salivary gland obstruction and infection, Sjögren syndrome, head and neck radiation therapy for cancer, chemotherapy, and multiple medications (e.g., anticholinergics, antihypertensive, antipsychotics and antihistamines). All of these can cause teeth discoloration (Patel et al., 2013).
OBJECTIVES: Better diet quality of whole grain consumers could contribute to the associations between whole grain intake and chronic disease risk factors. We examined whole grain intake in relation to diet quality and chronic disease risk factors (anthropometrics, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein and glucose) and the role of diet quality in whole grains' associations with each risk factor.
METHODS: Our data included 5094 Finnish adults who completed a validated food frequency questionnaire and participated in a health examination within the National FinHealth 2017 Study. We assessed diet quality by the modified Baltic Sea Diet Score. P trends were calculated across whole grain intake quintiles by linear regression analysis. Interactions were assessed by including an interaction term in the analyses.
RESULTS: Higher whole grain intake was associated with slightly better diet quality compared with lower intakes in both sexes (P < 0.001). Whole grain intake was inversely associated with body mass index (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001) and total cholesterol (P = 0.02) in men. Adjusting for medication use attenuated the inverse associations with diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.06) and HDL cholesterol (P = 0.14) in men. We observed no associations in women. Diet quality did not modify the associations between whole grain intake and chronic disease risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that whole grain intake was associated with small improvements in the chronic disease risk factors in men, regardless of diet quality. The sex differences may arise from varying health associations of whole grains from different cereal sources.
Group1 (low-dose group), 2 papatients are treated with normal saline. Group2 (high-dose group), 2 papatients are treated with normal saline. One drop (about 50 μL) of normal saline was given to the affected skin area of 2-4 cm2 for 14 consecutive days, twice per day.
Participants will be recruited from Prime Panels (an online panel research company). Following online consent, participants will be randomly assigned to one of four trial arms affecting the appearance of an online grocery store. Once in the online grocery store, participants will complete a shopping task. The participants will have 9 specified items to add to their shopping cart (1 pizza, 1 burrito, Burger patties \[meat or vegetarian\], Breakfast sausages \[meat or vegetarian\], 1 frozen individual meal, 1 loaf of bread, 1 sandwich filling \[for example, ham, turkey, or peanut butter\], 1 pack of tortillas, 1 taco filling \[for example, steak, chicken, or beans\]). Participants will be informed that they will not be spending any of their own money to complete the shopping task. After completing the shopping task, participants will be redirected to a survey. They will provide self-reported responses to survey questions (e.g. perceived healthfulness from eating red meat, perceived risk of cancer from eating red meat, thinking about the health/environmental harms of food products). Participants will also answer demographic and health related questions.
The invention relates to a tea substitute or a health-caring tea beverage which is mainly sourced from natural plant materials, and discloses an alcohol-relieving tea formula being well in liver-protecting effect and a preparation method thereof. The alcohol-relieving tea includes following raw materials, by mass, 15 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 3 parts of aucklandia lappa, 15 parts of kudzu flower, 5 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 5 parts of indigo naturalis, 5 parts of medicated leaven, 9 parts of atractylodes macrocephala, 9 parts of fructus amomi, 9 parts of amomum cardamomum, 3 parts of dry ginger and 25 parts of tea. The tea can be green tea, black tea, Oolong tea, Pu'er tea and the like. The tea beverage is prepared by mixing, cleaning, drying, crushing, sieving, sterilizing the raw materials and packaging the tea beverage in bags. The tea beverage is used in a manner of being brewed in hot water. The alcohol-relieving tea is prepared from affinal-drug-and-diet traditional Chinese medicines, has double functions of both inhibiting alcohol absorption and accelerating alcohol metabolism, has the effects of relieving alcohol, protecting liver, fortifying stomach and nourishing life, and is convenient to carry. The alcohol-relieving tea has excellent effects on dizziness, vomit and the like caused by drunk, is good in alcohol relieving effect, and is an excellent formula for warming spleen and stomach, eliminating alcohol accumulation and draining dampness and clearing heat.
The Bispectral Index (BIS) is an electroencephalogram-derived measure of anesthetic depth. A closed-loop anesthesia system can be built using BIS as the control variable, two proportional-integral-differential control algorithms, a propofol and a remifentanil target-controlled infusion systems as the control actuators. Preliminary results show that this system can be used during surgery. We propose a prospective randomized study to evaluate the effectiveness of such a closed-loop anesthesia system during the postoperative period. Two groups of patients are compared: one in which propofol and remifentanil are administered by the anesthesiologist using target-controlled infusion systems, and one in which propofol and remifentanil are administered automatically by the combined closed-loop anesthesia system. In both groups, the goal is to maintain BIS between 40 and 60, the recommended range during anesthesia by the manufacturer. We expect the combined closed-loop system group to do similar or better.
Rucaparib 40, 80, 160, 300, 500 mg QD and 240, 360, 480, 600, 840 mg BID, for continuous 21-day cycles. Patients in Part 1 were initially treated in a Dose-escalation Evaluation Period (Cycle 1) and could then continue to receive treatment in an optional Treatment-extension Period (Cycle 2 and beyond).
In an HIV-infected person, there is an ongoing struggle between HIV replication and host immune control. In the past decade most therapeutic strategies have targeted the virus. This approach has been frustrated by viral mutation to evade drug sensitivity. Promising drugs have recently been approved and there are encouraging sustained results from combination antiviral chemotherapy. However, even the most potent drug regimens do not seem to be curative, may eventually lead to drug resistance and may not completely restore lost immune function. The addition of immune-based therapy to antiviral drugs may lead to better viral control.

This study has 2 regimens of 8 patients each. Patients are randomized as to CTL infusion only. Patients are stratified by viral load (less than 10,000 copies/ml vs. greater than or equal to 10,000 copies/ml). All patients receive combination drug therapy with AZT/3TC/indinavir for 9 months at which time patients have the option of continuing their study regimen another year or changing therapy. Patients in the T cell treatment regimen (regimen 2) receive 2 infusions of ex vivo expanded autologous anti-HIV CTL at 3 and 6 months after beginning AZT/3TC/indinavir therapy. The second infusion is administered with low-dose sc IL-2 1 day before and 4 days following T cell infusion.
The present invention relates to a novel chemical process for the covalent conjugation of disulphide bridge cyclised peptides to immunogenic carrier molecules by thio-ether linkages to form vaccine immunogens. In particular, the novel chemistry involves reacting a thiolated carrier with a cyclic peptide containing a disulphide bridge, which cyclic peptide (herein a disulphide bridge cyclised peptide) has attached to it, usually via a linker, a reactive group capable of forming thio-ether bonds with the carrier. The invention further relates to activated peptide intermediates of the process, medicaments produced by the process, pharmaceutical compositions containing the medicaments, and the use of the pharmaceutical compositions in medicine.  The process of the present invention is particularly useful for the preparation of highly pure immunogens for vaccines, comprising disulphide bridge cyclised peptides. Also novel immunogens are provided, based on peptides derived from the sequence of human IgE, which are useful in the immunotherpay of allergy. Accordingly, the invention relates also to a process for conjugation of IgE disulphide bridge cyclised peptides to carries, immunogens produced by the process and vaccines and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and their use in the treatment of allergy.
Postoperative sore throat is a well known complication after endotracheal intubation. One of the major contributing factors is trauma associated with laryngoscopy. With decreased force applied to visualise cords, video laryngoscopes should decrease the incidence of postoperative sore throat. In this study we compared the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat when laryngoscopy was done using c-mac video laryngoscope D-blade( group V) versus Macintosh laryngoscope (Group M). Method: Fifty four American society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) 1\&2 patients between age 18-60 years , undergoing laproscopic surgeries of short duration were included in this study and laryngoscopy was done with Macintosh laryngoscope in M group and with C MAC video laryngoscope D blade in V group. Patients were followed up 2hours, 6hours, 12hours and 24hours in postoperative period to see postoperative sore throat and hoarseness of voice .