anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Blood level studies comparing clindamycin palmitate HCl with clindamycin hydrochloride show that both drugs reach their peak active serum levels at the same time, indicating a rapid hydrolysis of the palmitate to the clindamycin.

Clindamycin is widely distributed in body fluids and tissues (including bones). Approximately 10% of the biological activity is excreted in the urine. The average serum half-life after doses of CLEOCIN PEDIATRIC is approximately two hours in pediatric patients.

Serum half-life of clindamycin is increased slightly in patients with markedly reduced renal function. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are not effective in removing clindamycin from the serum.

Serum level studies with clindamycin palmitate HCl in normal pediatric patients weighing 50–100 lbs given 2, 3 or 4 mg/kg every 6 hours (8, 12 or 16 mg/kg/day) demonstrated mean peak clindamycin serum levels of 1.24, 2.25 and 2.44 mcg/mL respectively, one hour after the first dose. By the fifth dose, the 6-hour serum concentration had reached equilibrium. Peak serum concentrations after this time would be about 2.46, 2.98 and 3.79 mcg/mL with doses of 8, 12 and 16 mg/kg/day, respectively.

Serum levels have been uniform and predictable from person to person and dose to dose. Multiple-dose studies in neonates and infants up to 6 months of age show that the drug does not accumulate in the serum and is excreted rapidly. Serum levels exceed the MICs for most indicated organisms for at least six hours following administration of the usually recommended doses of CLEOCIN PEDIATRIC in adults and pediatric patients.

No significant levels of clindamycin are attained in the cerebrospinal fluid, even in the presence of inflamed meninges.

Pharmacokinetic studies in elderly volunteers (61–79 years) and younger adults (18–39 years) indicate that age alone does not alter clindamycin pharmacokinetics (clearance, elimination half-life, volume of distribution, and area under the serum concentration-time curve) after IV administration of clindamycin phosphate.

After oral administration of clindamycin hydrochloride, elimination half-life is increased to approximately 4.0 hours (range 3.4 – 5.1 h) in the elderly compared to 3.2 hours (range 2.1 – 4.2 h) in younger adults; administration of clindamycin palmitate HCl resulted in a similar elimination half-life value of about 4.5 hours in elderly subjects. However, the extent of absorption is not different between age groups and no dosage alteration is necessary for the elderly with normal hepatic function and normal (age-adjusted) renal function1.
The invention relates to an insect composition for use as a medicament, and for use in a method for the restoration, maintenance or improvement of intestinal immunity and/or intestinal homeostasis and/or intestinal tolerance against food-related antigens, of a subject. The composition comprises lauric acid. Furthermore, the invention relates to a human food supplement or animal feed supplement, human food ingredient or animal feed ingredient or human food product or animal feed product, comprising the insect fat composition. The invention also relates to the use of the insect fat composition in the preparation of a human food supplement or animal feed supplement, human food ingredient or animal feed ingredient or human food product or animal feed product. In addition, the invention relates to animal feed supplement, ingredient or product or use of the insect fat composition in the preparation of an animal feed supplement, ingredient or product. Finally, the invention relates to a therapeutic method or non-therapeutic method of restoring, maintaining or improving intestinal immunity and/or intestinal homeostasis and/or intestinal tolerance against food-related antigens, of a subject.
Better understanding of the pathogenesis of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes have paved the way for novel therapeutic targets and possible adjuvant therapeutic modalities. Oxidative stress is considered a common and important factor that links hyperglycemia with the vascular complications in diabetes, including of diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Alpha lipoic acid (ALA), or thioctacid, is an antioxidant compound which serve as a cofactor for mitochondrial respiratory enzymes. ALA can scavenge free radicals, activate antioxidant systems, and also affect inflammatory markers. It also has unique characteristic. ALA can play as a reduction for oxidized forms of components with antioxidant properties and neutralize reactive oxygen species. Thus, it called as antioxidant of antioxidants
Downregulation of circ_0044226 has been demonstrated to reduce pulmonary fibrosis, but the role of circ_0044226 in liver fibrosis remains to be explored. In this work, we found that circ_0044226 expression was upregulated during liver fibrosis. Knockdown of circ_0044226 inhibited proliferation, promoted autophagy and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cell LX-2. Bioinformatic analysis and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed the interaction between circ_0044226, miR-4677-3p and SEC61G. Mechanistically, knockdown of circ_0044226 suppressed SEC61G expression by releasing miR-4677-3p, thereby enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Overexpression of SEC61G or endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutiric acid partially reversed the effect of knockdown circ_0044226 on LX-2 cell function. In vivo experiments showed that inhibition of circ_0044226 attenuated CCL4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. These imply that circ_0044226 may be a potential target for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
BACKGROUND: Exsanguination is the leading cause of preventable death in severe trauma. Immediate hemorrhage control and transfusion of blood products are critical to maintain oxygen delivery and address trauma-induced coagulopathy. While prehospital blood product transfusion (PHBT) is established in neighboring countries, the fragmented configuration of Germany's emergency medical service (EMS) infrastructure has delayed the adoption of widespread PHBT programmes. This review aims to provide an updated perspective on the evolution, international practices and research needs of PHBT within the German context.
METHODS: This narrative review is based on a PubMed search using the search terms "prehospital" and "blood*". From an initial 4738 articles, 333 were directly related to PHBT and were subjected to further detailed examination. The literature, including referenced studies, was categorized into areas such as history, rationale, international practices, and evidence, and analyzed for quality.
RESULTS: The benefit of early blood transfusion in major trauma has been established since WW1, explaining the efforts to initiate this lifesaving intervention as early as possible in the care pathway, including the prehospital field. Recent randomized trials have faced design and recruitment challenges, reflecting the complexity of the research question. These trials have yielded inconclusive results regarding the survival benefits of PHBT in civilian settings. This scenario raises doubts about the capability of randomized trials to resolve questions concerning survival advantages. Despite these difficulties, there is a discernible trend indicating potential improvements in patient outcomes. In Germany, the incidence of trauma-associated shock stands at 38 per 100,000 individuals per year. It is estimated that between 300 and 1800 patients annually possibly benefit from PHBT.
CONCLUSION: Prehospital Blood Transfusion appears to be promising but identifying patient groups most likely to benefit as well as the most suitable blood products remain unresolved issues. In Germany PHBT programs are not yet widely established. Paradoxically, this situation, paired with the extensive German Trauma Registry, provides a prime opportunity for comprehensive prospective cohort studies, addressing the balance between PHBT benefits, logistical feasibility, and implementation strategies. Such studies are essential for establishing guidelines and integrating PHBT efficiently into German trauma care protocols.
Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is one of the major methods of malaria vector control across sub-Saharan Africa, responsible for reducing malaria incidence by 10% since 2000. However, effective vector control is increasingly threatened by the rapid spread of insecticide resistance. Consequently, there have been investments in the development of new insecticides for IRS that possess novel modes of action with long residual activity, low mammalian and environmental toxicity and minimal cross-resistance. VECTRONTM T500, a new IRS insecticide containing the active ingredient broflanilide 50% WP, has been shown to be efficacious against both pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant vector strains on mud and concrete substrates in phase II experimental hut trials in Tanzania.

Method: A two-arm non-inferiority cluster randomized controlled trial will be conducted in Muheza District, Tanga Region, Tanzania. VECTRONTM T500 will be compared to the IRS formulation Fludora® Fusion (active ingredients: clothianidin 50% WP + deltamethrin 6.25% WP). The predominant malaria vectors in the study area are pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis and An. funestus s.s. Sixteen selected clusters of 75-200 households in each cluster will be pair-matched on baseline vector densities and allocated to reference and intervention arms. Consenting households in the intervention arm will be sprayed with VECTRONTM T500 and those in the reference arm will receive Fludora® Fusion. Monthly CDC light traps will collect mosquitoes to determine vector density, indoor biting, sporozoite and entomological inoculation rates (EIR). Phenotypic resistance to IRS active ingredients will be assessed using CDC bottle bioassays. Molecular and metabolic resistance mechanisms will be characterised among Anopheles field populations from both trial arms. Residual efficacy of both brands of insecticide will be monitored for 12 months post-spraying. A semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussions will explore social and cultural factors that influence acceptability, perceived adverse effects and benefits of IRS.

Discussion: This protocol describes a phase III non-inferiority evaluation of a novel IRS product to reduce the density and EIR of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles vectors. If VECTRONTM T500 proves non-inferior to Fludora® Fusion, it may be considered as an additional vector control product for malaria prevention and insecticide resistance management schemes.
BACKGROUND: Uterine leiomyomas are hormone-dependent benign tumors and often begin to shrink after menopause due to the reduction in ovarian steroids. The influence of pregnancy on uterine leiomyomas size remains unclear. Here, we present a case of spontaneous regression of a giant uterine leiomyoma after delivery.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 40-year-old woman presented with multiple uterine leiomyomas, one of which is a giant uterine leiomyomas (approximately 8 cm in diameter) that gradually shrinked after delivery. At over two months postpartum, the large myometrial leiomyoma had transformed into a submucosal leiomyoma, and over 3 years postpartum, both the submucosal leiomyoma and multiple intramural leiomyomas completely regressed.
CONCLUSION: Spontaneous regression of a giant uterine leiomyom is rare after delivery. Considering uterine leiomyoma regression until over 3 year postpartum,we need to observe the regression of uterine fibroid for a longer time postpartum in the absence of fibroid related complications. In addition, it will provide new insights for treatment options of uterine leiomyomas in the future.
Participants will receive single oral dose of erdafitinib dose 1 on Day 1 30 minutes after the start of a standardized breakfast in Period 1 followed by repeated doses of carbamazepine orally every 12 hours from Days 15 to 35 (carbamazepine Dose 1 from Days 15 to 17, Dose 2 from Days 18 to 20, and then Dose 3 from Days 21 to 35) 30 minutes after the start of standardized meal (breakfast and dinner) in Period 2. After 8 Days of Dose 3 carbamazepine treatment, on Day 28, participants will receive a single oral dose of erdafitinib dose 1 with that day's carbamazepine dose.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Recently, interstitial lung disease (ILD) morbidity and mortality have been increasing with insidious epidemiological characteristics. Jianghu decoction (JH) is an effective Chinese medicine for ILD.
AIM OF THE STUDY: We aimed to reveal the material basis and mechanism of action of JH in the treatment of ILD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, an ILD mouse model was constructed with bleomycin. HE staining, transcriptome analysis, parallel reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (PRM-MS), UPLC‒MS, and western blotting assays were conducted.
RESULTS: HE staining results showed that JH effectively reduced inflammation and fibrosis foci in the lungs of the ILD model. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that JH regulates a set of biological signaling pathways related to immune inflammation and fibrosis. PRM-MS combined with western blotting was applied to detect inflammation and fibrosis involving proteins in lung tissue. JH effectively reversed the aberrant expression of HMGB1, RAGE, SEPTIN4, ACTA2, and ITGAV proteins in the model group. AMPK was identified as the core upstream regulatory protein for JH-mediated ILD regulation. In addition, UHPLC‒MS technology was applied to determine the active ingredients of JH. A total of 80 components were identified from JH, and polydatin (PD) was identified as the active ingredient that effectively alleviated lung fibrosis and inflammatory injury in ILD mice. To illustrate the molecular regulatory network of JH and PD in alleviating lung fibrosis and inflammatory injury, we also examined inflammation and fibrosis-related molecules downstream of the AMPK pathway with RT‒qPCR and western blotting.
CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that both JH and its active component PD exert synergistic inhibition on pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation. Specifically, the AMPK/PGC1α/PPARγ signaling pathway was activated, and the AMPK/HMGB1/RAGE signaling pathway was inhibited in ILD lungs responding to JH or PD administration.
Patients who were referred to the Diabetes Outpatient Clinics and had HbA1c levels equal to or greater than 10% were enrolled in this study. Detailed medical histories, comorbidities and medication usage (including both regular and new prescriptions), adherence to dietary recommendations, and occurence of recent infections were collected. Additionally, the patients' biochemical and hematological data were collected. After a three-month period, follow-up interviews with the same patients were conducted to inquire about any changes in medication usage, experienced illnesses, and hospital admissions. Based on the changes in HbA1c levels during this three-month period, the patients were divided into three equal groups. The baseline and third-month leukocyte counts, neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, and platelet counts for these groups were recorded. Furthermore, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte/monocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, monocytes/HDL-cholesterol ratio, and platelets/HDL ratio for each group were analyzed.
This study investigates the effects of rt-PA thrombolytic therapy at varying times on neurological function and complications in acute cerebral infarction (ACI) patients. A total of 120 ACI patients admitted between August 2019 and July 2021 were divided into three groups based on the timing of rt-PA treatment: <3h (40 patients), 3-4.5h (55 patients), and >4.5h (25 patients). All received standard treatment and rt-PA IV thrombolysis. Key comparisons included cerebral oxygen metabolism, oxidative stress, neural markers, hemodynamics, coagulation function, NIHSS scores, ADL, clinical efficacy and complications. Results showed that 48 hours post-treatment, SjvO2 levels were significantly higher in the <3h and 3-4.5h groups compared to the >4.5h group. SOD levels were also higher in the earlier groups, while MDA levels were lower. Three months after treatment, NIHSS scores were significantly lower and ADL scores higher in the <3h and 3-4.5h groups, with lower complication rates. Efficacy was similar within 3 hours and 3-4.5 hours, but complications increased significantly after 4.5 hours.
Background: This study aims to evaluate the long-term outcomes of surgical interventions in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) who underwent surgical treatment and to determine the treatment approach for new patients. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively examined the long-term results of patients who underwent surgical treatment for IE between 2007 and 2017. The evaluation included late-term outcomes of IE surgery, surgical procedures, complications, the postoperative period, and clinical findings. Results: The study included 20 patients (12 male, 8 female) with a mean age of 45.1 ± 17.25. The most common cardiac risk factors for endocarditis development were the presence of prosthetic valves and heart valve disease. In addition, non-cardiac risk factors included chronic renal failure, systemic lupus erythematosus, and pemphigus vulgaris. Preoperative and postoperative laboratory findings were compared with in terms of morbidity and mortality, revealing no significant differences. The most prevalent preoperative laboratory findings were anemia (100%), elevated CRP (100%), and leukocytosis (50%). Anemia persisted as the most common laboratory finding in the postoperative evaluation. Conclusion: Our study identified comorbid chronic medical conditions, neurological complications because of IE, postoperative impaired left ventricular function, and treatment strategies such as monotherapy as poor prognostic factors in patients who underwent surgical treatment for IE. The management of IE is observed to be complex in the presence of comorbidities and complications, adversely affecting both survival and quality of life.
KOSELUGO capsules contain vitamin E (10 mg capsules contain 32 mg vitamin E as the excipient, D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS); while KOSELUGO 25 mg capsules contain 36 mg vitamin E as TPGS). Vitamin E can inhibit platelet aggregation and antagonize vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Daily vitamin E intake that exceeds the recommended or safe limits may increase the risk of bleeding. Supplemental vitamin E is not recommended if daily vitamin E intake (including the amount of vitamin E in KOSELUGO and supplement) will exceed the recommended or safe limits.

An increased risk of bleeding in patients may occur in patients who are coadministered vitamin-K antagonists or anti-platelet antagonists with KOSELUGO. Monitor for bleeding in these patients. Increase international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring, as appropriate, in patients taking a vitamin-K antagonist. Perform anticoagulant assessments, including INR or prothrombin time, more frequently and adjust the dose of vitamin K antagonists or anti-platelet agents as appropriate [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
The concept of frailty, now being adopted in most medical disciplines, is attracting growing interest in neurology. Every day, most neurologists care for patients with varying degrees of frailty, from very mild to very severe. Frailty exacerbates patients' health needs, complicates clinical decision making, and negatively affects their health outcomes. Increasing evidence suggests that frailty affects the risk, clinical presentation, and course of common age-related neurological disorders, including dementia, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Most neurologists should become familiar with assessing and measuring frailty. Doing so can provide information that is crucial for diagnosis, prognostication, and care planning. Consideration of frailty can help to elucidate the pathophysiological underpinnings of age-related neurological disorders, clarify the clinical validity and utility of candidate biomarkers, and identify novel therapeutic targets. Randomised controlled trials investigating late-life neurological diseases that address frailty have the potential to provide insight into these complex disorders.
The study will be a randomized cohort study, and patients will be recruited before surgery. Following randomization, patients will be given either a course of Prednisone (30 milligrams per day for 5 days, to be started five days prior to surgery) or no additional pre-operative prescriptions besides what is clinically determined by their treating physician. Patients will be scheduled for surgery and undergo functional endoscopic sinus surgery with timing as clinically indicated.

During endoscopic sinus surgery, surgical video will be recorded and stored on encrypted, flash drives with unique, non PHI, indicators to identify drives. Subsequently, each video will be graded by two, blinded surgeons for field visualization and thoroughness of dissection. Intra-operative blood loss will also be recorded. Post-operative data through 30 days post-operatively will be collected including: post-operative complications, resolution of symptoms, and nasal crusting during post-operative follow up. Following completion of data collection, these data will be analyzed by a separate, blinded investigator.
In Part 2, multiple ascending IV doses of JNJ-63733657 or placebo will be evaluated at three dose levels in sequential cohorts in subjects with prodromal or mild AD; 3 doses will be administered over a period of 8 weeks (Day 1, Day 29, Day 57). The starting dose will be decided based on the data from Part 1. Escalations will be done based on safety and tolerability similar to Part 1. Doses will not exceed those tested in Part 1. Here, MAD indicates multiple ascending dose.
During fainting, disconnected consciousness may emerge in the form of dream-like experiences. Characterized by extra-ordinary and mystical features, these subjective experiences have been associated to near-death-like experiences (NDEs-like). We here aim to assess brain activity during syncope-induced disconnected consciousness by means of high-density EEG monitoring. Transient loss of consciousness and unresponsiveness were induced in 27 healthy volunteers through hyperventilation, orthostasis, and Valsalva maneuvers. Upon awakening, subjects were asked to report memories, if any. The Greyson NDE scale was used to evaluate the potential phenomenological content experienced during the syncope-induced periods of unresponsiveness. EEG source reconstruction assessed cortical activations during fainting, which were regressed out with subjective reports collected upon recovery of normal consciousness. We also conducted functional connectivity, graph-theoretic and complexity analyses. High quality high-density EEG data were obtained in 22 volunteers during syncope and unresponsiveness (lasting 22±8 s). NDE-like features (Greyson NDE scale total score ≥7/32) were apparent for eight volunteers and characterized by higher activity in delta, theta and beta2 bands in temporal and frontal regions. The richness of the NDE-like content was associated with delta, theta and beta2 bands cortical current densities, in temporal, parietal and frontal lobes, including insula, right temporoparietal junction, and cingulate cortex. Our analyses also revealed a higher complexity and that networks related to delta, theta, and beta2 bands were characterized by a higher overall connectivity paralleled by a higher segregation (i.e., local efficiency) and a higher integration (i.e., global efficiency) for the NDE-like group compared to the non-NDE-like group. Fainting-induced NDE-like episodes seem to be sustained by surges of neural activity representing promising markers of disconnected consciousness.