anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The data described below reflect exposure to duloxetine in placebo-controlled trials for MDD (N=2,327), GAD (N=668), DPNP (N=568), and FM (N=876). The population studied was 17 to 89 years of age; 64.8%, 64.7%, 38.7%, and 94.6% female; and 85.5%, 84.6%, 77.6%, and 88% Caucasian for MDD, GAD, DPNP, and FM, respectively. Most patients received doses of a total of 60 to 120 mg per day [see Clinical Studies (14)].

The stated frequencies of adverse reactions represent the proportion of individuals who experienced, at least once, a treatment-emergent adverse reaction of the type listed. A reaction was considered treatment-emergent if it occurred for the first time or worsened while receiving therapy following baseline evaluation. Reactions reported during the studies were not necessarily caused by the therapy, and the frequencies do not reflect investigator impression (assessment) of causality.

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) has remained high (24.9%) in the South Asian region with a significant impact on newborn survival. This region bears nearly 40% of global burden of LBW. While antenatal care (ANC) and iron-folic acid supplementation independently have been considered effective for improving maternal and newborn outcomes, the evidence on the combined effect of these two supplements on LBW is lacking. This study aimed to examine the synergistic association of ANC and iron-folic acid supplementation on LBW in the South Asian region using pooled data from six South Asian countries.
METHODS: Nationally representative surveys from Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Maldives, and Afghanistan were included in the study. Birth weight and the prevalence of LBW for singleton last-born children were reported using descriptive statistics. The association between LBW and ANC visits and the interaction between iron-folic acid consumption and ANC were examined using multiple logistic regression.
RESULTS: The mean birth weight in the region was 2841.8 g with an LBW prevalence of 17.1%. Country-specific prevalence ranged from 11.4% in Nepal to 22.4% in Pakistan. Not attending ANC visits (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.34) and not consuming iron-folic acid (AOR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.21) were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of LBW. Furthermore, jointly, having < 4 ANC visits and < 180 days of iron-folic acid supplementation was associated with a higher likelihood (AOR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.36) of having LBW compared to those who had  ≥ 4 ANC visits and ≥ 180 days of iron-folic acid consumption after controlling for key confounding factors.
CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides important evidence on the synergy between ANC visits and iron-folic acid consumption during pregnancy to capitalize on the existing national maternal health programs in the South Asian region, including low-and middle-income countries for positive foetal outcomes.
The invention discloses 3-aryl coumarin derivatives (I) and (II) and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the field of organic chemistry. According to the method, a substituent coumarin derivative and substituent arylboronic acid are used as raw materials and changed into a solvent with acetic acid under the catalysis of Mn(OAc)3 to synthesize the 3-aryl coumarin derivatives. The synthetic method has the advantages that the raw materials are low in price and easy to get, reaction conditions are mild, the yield is high, operation is convenient, and industrial production is facilitated. The derivatives have potential application in the fields of materials, chemical industry, medicine and the like. A new way is provided for synthesis of the 3-aryl coumarin derivatives. (Please see the description for the formulas I and II).
BACKGROUND: Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a disease resulting from viral infection, which manifests as inflammation of myocardial cells. Until now, the treatment of VMC is still a great challenge for clinicians. Increasing studies indicate the participation of miR-29b-3p in various diseases. According to the transcriptome sequencing analysis, miR-29b-3p was markedly upregulated in the viral myocarditis model. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of miR-29b-3p in the progression of VMC.
METHODS: We used CVB3 to induce primary cardiomyocytes and mice to establish a model of viral myocarditis. The purity of primary cardiomyocytes was identified by immunofluorescence. The cardiac function of mice was detected by Vevo770 imaging system. The area of inflammatory infiltration in heart tissue was shown by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The expression of miR-29b-3p and DNMT3A was detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression of a series of pyroptosis-related proteins was detected by western blot. The role of miR-29b-3p/DNMT3A in CVB3-induced pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes was studied in this research.
RESULTS: Our data showed that the expression of miR-29b-3p was upregulated in CVB3-induced cardiomyocytes and heart tissues in mice. To explore the function of miR-29b-3p in CVB3-induced VMC, we conducted in vivo experiments by knocking down the expression of miR-29b-3p using antagomir. We then assessed the effects on mice body weight, histopathology changes, myocardial function, and cell pyroptosis in heart tissues. Additionally, we performed gain/loss-of-function experiments in vitro to measure the levels of pyroptosis in primary cardiomyocytes. Through bioinformatic analysis, we identified DNA methyltransferases 3A (DNMT3A) as a potential target gene of miR-29b-3p. Furthermore, we found that the expression of DNMT3A can be modulated by miR-29b-3p during CVB3 infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate a correlation between the expression of DNMT3A and CVB3-induced pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes. These findings unveil a previously unidentified mechanism by which CVB3 induces cardiac injury through the regulation of miR-29b-3p/DNMT3A-mediated pyroptosis.
BACKGROUND: Symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) are commonly assessed using self-rating instruments like the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (current symptoms) and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short-Form (CIDI-SF) (worst-episode symptoms). We performed a systematic comparison between them for their genetic architecture and utility in investigating MDD heterogeneity.
METHODS: Using data from the UK Biobank (n = 41,948-109,417), we assessed the single nucleotide polymorphism heritability and genetic correlation (rg) of both sets of MDD symptoms. We further compared their rg with non-MDD traits and used Mendelian randomization to assess whether either set of symptoms has more genetic sharing with non-MDD traits. We also assessed how specific each set of symptoms is to MDD using the metric polygenic risk score pleiotropy. Finally, we used genomic structural equation modeling to identify factors that explain the genetic covariance between each set of symptoms.
RESULTS: Corresponding symptoms reported through the PHQ-9 and CIDI-SF have low to moderate genetic correlations (rg = 0.43-0.87), and this cannot be fully attributed to different severity thresholds or the use of a skip structure in the CIDI-SF. Both Mendelian randomization and polygenic risk score pleiotropy analyses showed that PHQ-9 symptoms are more associated with traits that reflect general dysphoria, whereas the skip structure in the CIDI-SF allows for the identification of heterogeneity among likely MDD cases. Finally, the 2 sets of symptoms showed different factor structures in genomic structural equation modeling, reflective of their genetic differences.
CONCLUSIONS: MDD symptoms assessed using the PHQ-9 and CIDI-SF are not interchangeable; the former better indexes general dysphoria, while the latter is more informative about within-MDD heterogeneity.
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative movement and cognitive disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein tau in the brain. Biochemically, inclusions in PSP are enriched for tau proteoforms with four microtubule-binding domain repeats (4R), an isoform that arises from alternative tau pre-mRNA splicing. While preferential aggregation and reduced degradation of 4R tau protein is thought to play a role in inclusion formation and toxicity, an alternative hypothesis is that altered expression of tau mRNA isoforms plays a causal role. This stems from the observation that PSP is associated with common variation in the tau gene (MAPT) at the 17q21.31 locus which contains low copy number repeats flanking a large recurrent genomic inversion. The complex genomic structural changes at the locus give rise to two dominant haplotypes, termed H1 and H2, that have the potential to markedly influence gene expression. Here, we explored haplotype-dependent differences in gene expression using a bulk RNA-seq dataset derived from human post-mortem brain tissue from PSP (n = 84) and controls (n = 77) using a rigorous computational pipeline, including alternative pre-mRNA splicing. We found 3579 differentially expressed genes in the temporal cortex and 10,011 in the cerebellum. We also found 7214 differential splicing events in the temporal cortex and 18,802 in the cerebellum. In the cerebellum, total tau mRNA levels and the proportion of transcripts encoding 4R tau were significantly increased in PSP compared to controls. In the temporal cortex, the proportion of reads that expressed 4R tau was increased in cases compared to controls. 4R tau mRNA levels were significantly associated with the H1 haplotype in the temporal cortex. Further, we observed a marked haplotype-dependent difference in KANSL1 expression that was strongly associated with H1 in both brain regions. These findings support the hypothesis that sporadic PSP is associated with haplotype-dependent increases in 4R tau mRNA that might play a causal role in this disorder.
Before the start of treatment and every 3 weeks thereafter, participants will receive a 10-milligram dose of vitamin D2 injection until adjuvant chemotherapy is completed. They will receive a standard adjuvant chemotherapy regimen, which includes 10 mg of vitamin D2 injections per cycle during treatment. The dosage of adjuvant chemotherapy drugs can be customized according to the clinical judgment of the doctor.
PURPOSE: To obtain a stable cosmetic capable of storing for a long period of time by containing a highly unsaturated fatty acid, a phospholipid and astaxanthin. CONSTITUTION: The objective cosmetic contains a kind or a mixture of more than two kinds selected from a mixture of a highly unsaturated fatty acid (e.g. docosahexaenoic acid), a phospholipid (e.g. phosphatidylcholine) and astaxanthin, a mixture of a highly unsaturated fatty acid-bonded phospholipid and astaxanthin and a highly unsaturated fatty acid-boded phospholipid (e.g. eicosapentanoic acid-bonded sphingomyelin) as an active component. mixing amount is in a weight ratio of 0.001-10 phospholipid and 0.0001-10 astaxanthin to 1 adding weight of a highly unsaturated fatty acid added to the cosmetic, and in the case of a mixture of highly unsaturated fatty acid-bonded phospholipid and astaxanthin, in a weight ratio of 0.0001-10 astaxanthin is added to 1 highly unsaturated fatty acid-bonded phospholipid.  A strong antioxidizing action of astaxanthin is capable of ;Pficiently acting on the unsaturated fatty acid by an overall action of the highly unsaturated fatty acid and phospholipid.
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic put unprecedented pressure on weight management services. These services were required to adapt to continue to provide care for people living with obesity. This study sought to develop consensus recommendations on the best practice solutions adopted by weight management services in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: This study utilised a semi-structured interview and a modified Delphi methodology to develop a consensus of best practice recommendations identified by specialist weight management services during the pandemic.
RESULTS: Twenty-three healthcare professionals working in weight management service across the United Kingdom participated in the study. Analysis of interview transcripts identified four key thematic domains: outpatient, patient education and support, perioperative care and team working. Of the initial 43 unique recommendations, 30 reached consensus agreement. Outpatient recommendations focused on communication strategies, patient self-monitoring and remote patient tracking. Patient education and support recommendations addressed the development of online educational resources and support groups. Perioperative care recommendations emphasised case prioritisation, waiting list support and postoperative care. Team working recommendations targeted the use of digital collaboration tools and strategies for effective teamwork.
CONCLUSION: Developing consensus recommendations on best practice is a critical step for weight management and outpatient services to achieve higher standards of care. These recommendations provide a springboard for departmental discussions, paving the way for improved experiences for individuals living with obesity as they progress along their weight management journey.
Sleep is recognized as one of the three pillars of health (i.e. nutrition, exercise and sleep). Poor quality and fragmented sleep leads to an increase in the risk for development of chronic health conditions. Given the importance of good quality sleep and its critical role in overall well-being, there is a need for regular monitoring and assessment of sleep quality in individuals. However, current technologies will only allow for this to be performed in sleep clinics and with the help of full polysomnography (PSG) systems which require the patients to spend a night at the clinic with several wired electrodes connected to their scalp. This will cause discomfort for the patients in a long run. To solve this problem, Compumedics has recently developed a miniaturized, portable and affordable sleep monitoring system with code name of "Somfit" which can be used in the comfort of patients' home. The aim of this study is to validate Somfit for home based sleep studies.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a cerebrovascular disorder with significant mortality and morbidity. Neural injury in SAH is mediated through a variety of pathophysiological processes. Currently available treatments are either nonspecific in targeting the basic pathophysiological mechanisms that result in neural damage in SAH, or merely focus on vasospasm. Ferroptosis is a type of programmed iron dependent cell death, which has received attention due to its possible role in neural injury in SAH. Herein, we review how intracellular iron overload mediates the production of reactive free radicals and lipid peroxidation through a variety of biochemical pathways in SAH. This in turn results in induction of ferroptosis, as well as exacerbation of vasospasm. We also discuss several therapeutic agents that have been shown to inhibit ferroptosis through targeting different steps of the process. Such agents have proven effective in ameliorating vasospasm, neural damage, and neurobehavioral outcomes in animal models of SAH. Human studies to test the safety and efficacy of intrathecal or parenteral administration of the inhibitors of ferroptosis in improving outcomes of SAH patients are warranted. There are currently a few ongoing clinical trials pursuing this therapeutic concept, the results of which will be critical to determine the value of ferroptosis as a novel therapeutic target in SAH.
The inflow of CSF into perivascular spaces (PVS) in the brain is crucial for clearing waste molecules. Inefficiency in PVS flow leads to neurodegeneration. Failure of PVS flushing is associated with CSF flow impairment in the intracranial hydrodynamic condition of CSF hypo-pulsatility. However, enlarged PVS (ePVS), a finding indicative of PVS flow dysfunction, is also present in patients with derangement of CSF dynamics characterized by CSF hyper-pulsatility, which increases CSF flow. Intriguingly, two opposite intracranial hydrodynamic conditions would lead to the same result of impairing the PVS flushing. To investigate this issue, we assessed the subsistence of a dysfunctional interplay between CSF and PVS flows and, if the case, the mechanisms preventing a hyper-pulsatile brain from providing an effective PVS flushing. We analyzed the association between phase contrast MRI aqueductal CSF stroke volume (aqSV), a proxy of CSF pulsatility, and the burden of ePVS in chronic adult hydrocephalus, a disease involving a broad spectrum of intracranial hydrodynamics disturbances. In the 147 (85 males, 62 females) patients, the age at diagnosis ranged between 28 and 88 years (median 73 years). Ninety-seven patients had tri-ventriculomegaly and 50 tetra-ventriculomegaly. According to the extent of ePVS, 113 patients had a high ePVS burden, while 34 had a low ePVS burden. aqSV, which ranged between 0 and 562 μL (median 86 μL), was increased with respect to healthy subjects. Patients presenting with less ePVS burden had higher aqSV (p < 0.002, corrected for the multiple comparisons) than those with higher ePVS burden. The present study confirmed the association between CSF dynamics and PVS flow disturbances and demonstrated this association in intracranial hyper-pulsatility. Further studies should investigate the association between PVS flow failure and CSF hypo- and hyper-pulsatility as responsible/co-responsible for glymphatic failure in other neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in diseases in which CSF disturbances can be corrected, as in chronic adult hydrocephalus.
Scald is one of the major economically important foliar diseases in barley, causing up to 40% yield loss in susceptible varieties. The identification of quantitative trait loci and elite alleles that confer resistance to scald is imperative in reducing the threats to barley production. In this study, genome-wide association studies were conducted using a panel of 697 barley genotypes to identify quantitative trait loci for scald resistance. Field experiments were conducted over three consecutive years. Among different models used for genome-wide association studies analysis, FarmCPU was shown to be the best-suited model. Nineteen significant marker-trait associations related to scald resistance were identified across six different chromosomes. Eleven of these marker-trait associations correspond to previously reported scald resistance genes Rrs1, Rrs4, and Rrs2, respectively. Eight novel marker-trait associations were identified in this study, with the candidate genes encoding a diverse class of proteins, including region leucine-rich repeats, AP2/ERF transcription factor, homeodomain-leucine zipper, and protein kinase family proteins. The combination of identified superior alleles significantly reduces disease severity scores. The results will be valuable for marker-assisted breeding for developing scald-resistant varieties.
Fear conditioning paradigms are used to investigate the learning process of the fear response in patients with psychiatric disorders and healthy subjects. Patients with post traumatic stress disorder have been shown to fail to retrieve the memory of fear extinction during the recall phase of the fear conditioning paradigm when compared to healthy subjects. In one previous trial, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients have demonstrated the same failure to recall extinction and the results from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation maps have shown different regions being recruited during recall when compared with healthy subjects. However, in that previous trial, some of the OCD patients included were already taking medication for OCD. In the current trial, we will evaluate 24 unmedicated OCD patients with a two-day fear conditioning paradigm before and after 4-weeks of treatment initiation with sertraline up to 200mg/day or maximum tolerated dosage. Sertraline is a first-line treatment option for OCD. At baseline, OCD patients will be compared to 24 healthy subjects. At post treatment, fear conditioning and fMRI results wil be compared to baseline. OCD patients are expected to demonstrate worsened extinction retention compared to healthy subjects at baseline. Sertraline treatment is expected to improve extinction retention compared to baseline and to normalize the brain regions being recruited with the conditioned stimuli presented during the recall phase. By "normalize" we mean that after treatment the regions being recruited will be the same as the ones recruited by healthy subjects during baseline, in other words, differences found at baseline regarding brain activation by the conditioned stimuli are expected to disappear after treatment.

Abbreviations: CS= conditioned stimuli, CS+= conditioned stimuli to shock, CS-=neutral conditioned stimuli, CS+E= extinguished conditioned stimuli to shock, CS+U=unextinguished conditioned stimuli to shock
The invention discloses salicylic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide graft and the synthetic method thereof. The salicylic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide graft, the general structure of which is shown in formula (I), is prepared from alicylic acid and chitosan oligosaccharide by graft polymerization. The molecular weight of chitosan oligosaccharide is 1-100kDa and the deacetylation degree thereof is 70%-100%. A part of amino groups on chitosan oligosaccharide chain in the salicylic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide graft are replaced by salicyl, and the substitution degree of the amino group is 1%-80%. The synthetic method is simple and convenient for post-treatment. The prepared salicylic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide graft employs hydrotropic compound salicylic acid as the hydrophobic part and chitosan oligosaccharide as the hydrophilic part to form salicylic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide micelle as an insoluble drug carrier in an aqueous medium by self-aggregation, thereby the administering means is greatly enriched and the curative effect is improved.
Personal flash glucose mornitoring will be used in patients once a month for 3 months to monitor glucose level. Patients can learn their blood glucose levels via FGM duing FGM, and doctors will adjust their anti-diabetic therapy according to their FGM results after each monitoring.