anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Intracranial hypertension in adults and adolescents has been associated with the use of tetracyclines. Clinical manifestations include headache, blurred vision and papilledema. Although signs and symptoms of intracranial hypertension resolve after discontinuation of treatment, the possibility for sequelae such as visual loss that may be permanent or severe exists. Women of childbearing age who are overweight have a greater risk for developing intracranial hypertension. Patients should be questioned for visual disturbances prior to initiation of treatment with tetracyclines. Concomitant use of isotretinoin and SEYSARA should be avoided because isotretinoin, a systemic retinoid, is also known to cause intracranial hypertension [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. If visual disturbance occurs during treatment, patients should be checked for papilledema.
Patients of any gender or ethnical origin with papillary thyroid cancer no greater than 4 cm in diameter. Half of these patients will undergo either bipolar or conventional thyroidectomy.
BACKGROUND: Arabs with intellectual disabilities and/or autism may exhibit challenging behaviour that affects them and their caregivers. Early, appropriate intervention may reduce these effects. This review synthesised and critically appraised challenging behaviour intervention research for this population.
METHODS: All published empirical research on challenging behaviour interventions for Arabs with intellectual disabilities and/or autism was included. In September 2022, 15 English and Arabic databases yielded 5282 search records. Studies were appraised using the MMAT. Review findings were narratively synthesised.
RESULTS: The 79 included studies (n = 1243 participants) varied in design, intervention, and evaluation method. Only 12.6% of interventions were well-designed and reported. Arab interventions primarily targeted children, were applied collectively on small samples, lacked individualised assessment, and were based on an inconsistent understanding of challenging behaviour.
CONCLUSION: The evidence base on interventions for Arabs with intellectual disabilities and/or autism and challenging behaviour needs strengthening. Attention should be given to culturally relevant adaptations.
BACKGROUND: Obesity is now the most common health problem in the younger population in Western societies and obesity rates are higher in lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups. We investigated whether overweight in childhood, independently of overweight in adulthood, influenced adult employment status and later risk of having disabilities. Using data from the Danish Female Nurse Cohort study, we examined associations between overweight in childhood/adolescence, and young adulthood and disabilities and early retirement in later adulthood (>44 years) and whether it was influenced by menopausal age (<or ≥52 years). We analysed data from 10,363 female nurses recruited in 1999, who reported whether they, as children, were larger or of similar weight size as their peers at any age below 13 years, between 13 and 19 years, their weights, and heights at 25 years, their current work situation and whether they had had disabilities for more than 6 months.
RESULTS: Our results showed that overweight in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood was associated with an increased risk of disabilities and early retirement. Especially childhood overweight that did not persist into adulthood was associated with an increased risk of disabilities (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.26-2.63) and early retirement (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.38-3.03) in the postmenopausal group. A similar increased risk for disabilities (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.26-2.47) was seen for adolescent overweight that did not persist into adulthood.
CONCLUSION: The results show that in a well-educated population of women, overweight in childhood and/or adolescence had adverse socioeconomic consequences for later risk of disabilities and early retirement irrespective of weight status in adulthood.
PURPOSE: To obtain a cosmetic material and a food having a high safety, at a low cost, gentle to an environment and excellent in performance by including a water soluble polysaccharide obtained by extracting an unmatured Tremella Fucifomis Ferkeley rich in resources with a hot water. CONSTITUTION: This water soluble polysaccharide is obtained by using a Tremella Fuciformis Ferkeley collected during unmatured state (approximately 90% normal maturity) as a raw material, extracting the raw material with hot water after sufficiently immersing the material in water and crushing, filtering the residue off and evaporating water content to obtain a flake like water soluble thickening polysaccharide component. A cosmetic material and a food are obtained by using the component as an active ingredient. The thickening polysaccharide component is a colorless, transparent, odorless and tasteless material, shows a good viscosity by even a very small amount, does not develop the reduction of viscosity, separation or precipitation even by leaving on standing for a long period of time or agitating, and is excellent in film forming capability.  The polysaccharide component is excellent in moisture keeping property, film forming property, affinity to a tissue and specific smooth feeling effect. An improvement in quality of a commodity is expected by an addition of this active ingredient.
Arm 1 will begin with TXTXT only. ART adherence will be assessed at 3 months. If they are 90% adherent or above, they will continue with TXTXT only for an additional 3 months. If they are less than 90% adherent, they will be re-randomized (1:1) into staying only with TXTXT, or into receiving TXTXT plus e-Navigation for an additional 3 months. At 6 months, all interventions will end. Participants in this arm will be followed for 6 months after interventions cease.
Biodegradable microspheres are prepared by dispersing an anticancer agent in an organic solvent with vigorous stirring, addi polymer, mixing with an aqueous phase to form an emulsion. The organic solvent is extracted by addition of water and the suspens of microspheres is filtered off. Biodegradable microspheres are prepared by dispersing an anticancer agent in an organic solvent with vigorous stirring, add a polymer, mixing with an aqueous phase to form an emulsion. The organic solvent is extracted by addition of water and the suspens of microspheres is filtered off. The organic solvent used is preferably dichloromethane, and the mixing is effected at around 2 degrees C. The polymer is preferably poly(d,l-lactic acid/glycolic acid), (PLAGA) equal quantities of the two acids being used i the copolymerization. The anticancer agent is hydrophilic and /or does not cross the blood brain barrier. It may be a 5-fluorour (5-FU), platinum derivatives, taxanes, gemcitabine, VP16, mitomycin, idoxuridine, topoisomerase 1 inhibitors, nitroso ureas, methotrexate, bleomycin, adriamycin, cytoxan, vincristin, and immunomodulating cytokins. Independent claims cover the use of these suspensions as medicines to be used simultaneously, sequentially, or separately t radiotherapy to treat glioblastomas, the microspheres being injected into the into the parenchymatous space and increasing the l span of the patient by at least 90 weeks, preferably at least 160 weeks.
Participants received rituximab 1000 mg iv on Day 1 and Day 15 of the main study. Participants received a second course of treatment on Day 1 and Day 15 after Week 24 of the main study, if they met eligibility criteria (see the Detailed Description). Participants received further treatment courses on Day 1 and Day 15 at intervals of ≥ 6 months after Week 52 in the study extension phase, if they met eligibility criteria (see the Detailed Description). Throughout the study, participants received methylprednisolone 100 mg iv prior to infusion of the investigational drug, methotrexate 7.5 to 25 mg/week orally or parenterally, and folic acid or folate ≥ 5 mg/week orally.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder from a causal, clinical and prognostic perspective. Research reflects its multifactorial nature with a prominent role of genetic factors. Population studies have historically pointed to the involvement of numerous genetic variants of small effect size, which hardly by themselves increase the risk of presenting the disorder and hardly justify its high heritability. Many of them are present in more than 60% of the general population, suggesting their modulatory rather than causal role. However, after the irruption of new genetic techniques in the last 15 years, a greater number of cases are being identified with genetic disorders (many of them monogenic), whose genetic variants alone explain the presence of ADHD. A detailed study of the personal and family history, as well as a complete physical examination, can help to identify some of them. The identification of the cause in this group of cases has a crucial value in clinical counseling, genetic-familial counseling and prognostic anticipation, as well as in the performance or avoidance of complementary studies and in the design of the intervention plan.
Chronic inflammatory pathway activation, commonly referred to as "Inflammaging" or chronic inflammation (CI), is associated with frailty, cognitive and functional decline, and other causes of health span decline in older adults. We investigated the variability of candidate serum measures of CI among community-dwelling older adults selected for mild low-grade inflammation. We focused on serum cytokines known to be highly predictive of adverse health outcomes in older adults (sTNFR1, IL-6) during a short-term (weeks) and medium-term (months) follow-up, as well as immune markers that are less studied in aging but reflect other potentially relevant domains such as adaptive immune activation (sCD25), innate immune activation (sCD14 and sCD163), and the inflammation-metabolism interface (adiponectin/Acrp30) during short-term (weeks) follow up. We found that sTNFR1 was more reproducible than IL-6 over a period of weeks and months short-term and medium-term. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for sTNFR1 was 0.95 on repeated measures over 6 weeks, and 0.79 on repeated measures with mean interval of 14 weeks, while the ICC for IL-6 was 0.52 over corresponding short-term and 0.67 over corresponding medium-term follow-up. This suggests that sTNFR1 is a more reliable marker of CI than IL-6. This study provides new insights into the reproducibility of serum markers of CI in older adults. The findings suggest that sTNFR1 may be a better marker of CI than IL-6 in this population. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to investigate the clinical utility of sTNFR1 in older adults.
Attention biases in threat processing have been assigned a prominent role in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. The purpose of this study is to determine whether giving gaze-contingent feedback is an effective treatment for social anxiety disorder, compared to treatment with SSRI (Escitelopram) and a waitlist control. A secondary purpose is to explore the unique neuro-cognitive mechanisms of this treatment, using eye-tracking, MRI and fMRI measurements. Participants will be assessed using clinical interviews and self-rated questionnaires before, during and after 12 weeks of treatment or wait. Outcome measures will be social anxiety symptoms, as well as dwell time on threat in eye-tracking paradigms tested in previous studies, and BOLD signals in MRI measurements. Neuro-cognitive mechanisms will be explored as potential mediators of clinical efficacy.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, resulting in dysfunction in cellular and molecular pathways. The limited efficacy of current treatments highlights the need for combination therapies targeting multiple aspects of the disease. Niclosamide, an anthelminthic drug listed as an essential medicine, has been repurposed in clinical trials for different diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Niclosamide can inhibit various molecular pathways (e.g., STAT3, mTOR) that are dysregulated in ALS, suggesting its potential to disrupt these altered mechanisms associated with the pathology. We administered niclosamide intraperitoneally to two transgenic murine models, SOD1-G93A and FUS mice, mimicking key pathological processes of ALS. The treatment was initiated at the onset of symptoms, and we assessed disease progression by neurological scores, rotarod and wire tests, and monitored survival. Furthermore, we investigated cellular and molecular mechanisms affected by niclosamide in the spinal cord and muscle of ALS mice. In both models, the administration of niclosamide resulted in a slowdown of disease progression, an increase in survival rates, and an improvement in tissue pathology. This was characterised by reduced gliosis, motor neuron loss, muscle atrophy, and inflammatory pathways. Based on these results, our findings demonstrate that niclosamide can impact multiple pathways involved in ALS. This multi-targeted approach leads to a slowdown in the progression of the disease, positioning niclosamide as a promising candidate for repurposing in the treatment of ALS.
PURPOSE: Cachexia is common in patients with advanced cancer and is associated with elevated serum growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) concentrations. This first-in-patient (phase Ib), 24-week study assessed use of ponsegromab, a mAb against GDF-15, in adults with advanced cancer, cachexia, and elevated GDF-15 serum concentration.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Participants (n = 10) received open-label ponsegromab subcutaneous 200 mg every 3 weeks for 12 weeks in addition to standard-of-care anticancer treatment. Ponsegromab safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics were assessed in addition to serum GDF-15 concentrations and exploratory measures of efficacy.
RESULTS: No treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events, injection site reactions, or adverse trends in clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, or electrocardiogram parameters attributable to ponsegromab were identified. Median serum unbound GDF-15 concentration at baseline was 2.269 ng/mL. Following initiation of study treatment, median unbound GDF-15 concentrations were below the lower limit of quantification (0.0424 ng/mL) from day 1 (3 hours postdose) through week 15. Increases in body weight were observed at all time points during the treatment and follow-up periods. A least-squares mean (SE) increase of 4.63 (1.98) kg was observed at week 12, an increase of approximately 6.6% relative to baseline. Ponsegromab-mediated improvements in actigraphy-based assessments of physical activity and in quality of life, including appetite as assessed by Functional Assessment of Anorexia-Cachexia Therapy total and subscale scores, were also observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Ponsegromab was well tolerated, suppressed serum GDF-15 concentrations, and demonstrated preliminary evidence of efficacy. These findings support the continued development of ponsegromab for the treatment of cachexia.
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves carrying out arterial section of the superficial temporal artery and introducing radiopaque catheter until it reaches maxillary artery exit. Novocaine is administered as a single dose of 0.4-0.5 mg/kg of body mass. Hyperbaric oxygenation treatment is applied in compression mode of 15-18 kPa/min during 10 min. Then, isobaric mode is applied in the range of 150 to 180 kPa with perfluorane emulsion being intra-arterially injected at a dose of 1.0-1.5 ml/kg at a rate of 1.0-1.5 ml/min during 50-60 min in applying decompression mode at the level of 15-18 kPa/min during 10 min. The total treatment course is from 5 to 7 days long. EFFECT: improved vision function.
PURPOSE: A toothpaste composition containing bead in which water-insoluble pigment is dispersed is provided to improve stability and efficiency and to prevent color shift phenomenon. CONSTITUTION: A toothpaste composition comprises a bead having core particles and coating materials. The coating material contains 35-99.99 weight parts of cellulose, 4-60 weight parts of mannitol, 0.5-10 weight parts of hydroxylpropyl methyl cellulose, and 0.01-2.5 weight parts of water-insoluble pigment. The composition contains 0.01-5 weight parts of bead based on 100 weight parts of total composition. The average particle diameter of the bead is 0.1-10 mm. The bead additionally contains functional effective ingredient or perfume ingredient.
Participants received pegfilgrastim 6 mg SC injection once per cycle on Day 2 of each cycle up to Cycle 4 (each cycle was 21 days), approximately 24-26 hours after TC chemotherapy administration. TC chemotherapy on Day 1 of each cycle included Docetaxel 75 mg/m\^2 IV infusion and Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m\^2 IV infusion per institute's standard of care.
Fentanyl transdermal system should be prescribed only by healthcare professionals who are knowledgeable about the use of extended-release/long-acting opioids and how to mitigate the associated risks.

Due to the risk of respiratory depression, fentanyl transdermal system is only indicated for use in patients who are already opioid-tolerant. Discontinue or taper all other extended-release opioids when beginning fentanyl transdermal system therapy. As fentanyl transdermal system is only for use in opioid-tolerant patients, do not begin any patient on fentanyl transdermal system as the first opioid [see Indications and Usage ( 1)] . 

  * Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest duration of time consistent with individual patient treatment goals [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5)] . Because the risk of overdose increases as opioid doses increase, reserve titration to higher doses of fentanyl transdermal system for patients in whom lower doses are insufficiently effective and in whom the expected benefits of using a higher dose opioid clearly outweigh the substantial risks. 
  * Initiate the dosing regimen for each patient individually, taking into account the patient's underlying cause and severity of pain, prior analgesic treatment and response, and risk factors for addiction, abuse, and misuse [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1)]. 
  * Respiratory depression can occur at any time during opioid therapy, especially when initiating and following dosage increases with fentanyl transdermal system. Consider this risk when selecting an initial dose and when making dose adjustments [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5)] .
Participants in the control group will receive enhanced usual care. Participants who present a high risk of suicide and/or have a PHQ-9 score ≥20 are referred to the system for follow up. Participants with lower levels of depressive symptoms receive the recommendation of going to a mental health professional.
Ampicillin is similar to benzyl penicillin in its bactericidal action against susceptible organisms during the stage of active multiplication. It acts through the inhibition of cell wall mucopeptide biosynthesis. Ampicillin has a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. (Ampicillin is, however, degraded by beta-lactamases and therefore the spectrum of activity does not normally include organisms which produce these enzymes.) 

A wide range of beta-lactamases found in microorganisms resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins have been shown in biochemical studies with cell free bacterial systems to be irreversibly inhibited by sulbactam. Although sulbactam alone possesses little useful antibacterial activity except against the Neisseriaceae, whole organism studies have shown that sulbactam restores ampicillin activity against beta-lactamase producing strains. In particular, sulbactam has good inhibitory activity against the clinically important plasmid mediated beta-lactamases most frequently responsible for transferred drug resistance. Sulbactam has no effect on the activity of ampicillin against ampicillin susceptible strains.

The presence of sulbactam in the ampicillin and sulbactam for injection formulation effectively extends the antibacterial spectrum of ampicillin to include many bacteria normally resistant to it and to other beta-lactam antibacterials. Thus, ampicillin and sulbactam for injection possesses the properties of a broad-spectrum antibacterial and a beta-lactamase inhibitor.

While in vitro studies have demonstrated the susceptibility of most strains of the following organisms, clinical efficacy for infections other than those included in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section has not been documented.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of BLUDIGO was evaluated in a randomized, intra-patient controlled, blind to dose of BLUDIGO, clinical trial. A total of 118 adult patients undergoing endoscopic urological or gynecological procedures were treated intravenously; 58 (49%) of these patients received one dose of BLUDIGO 2.5 mL and 60 (51%) of patients received one dose of BLUDIGO 5 mL. The 2.5 mL dose is not approved [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. The mean age of patients was 51 years and 35 (30%) patients were 65 years of age or older. The majority of patients were White 105 (89%) and female 87 (74%).

The adverse reactions (≥1%) reported in the clinical trial are provided in Table 1.

Table 1. Adverse Reactions Reported at ≥1% of Patients Receiving BLUDIGO 5 mL Intravenously