anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Sex chromosome aneuploidies are among the most common variations in human whole chromosome copy numbers, with an estimated prevalence in the general population of 1:400 to 1:1400 live births. Unlike whole-chromosome aneuploidies of autosomes, those of sex chromosomes, such as the 47, XXY aneuploidy that causes Klinefelter Syndrome (KS), often originate from the paternal side, caused by a lack of crossover (CO) formation between the X and Y chromosomes. COs must form between all chromosome pairs to pass meiotic checkpoints and are the product of meiotic recombination that occurs between homologous sequences of parental chromosomes. Recombination between male sex chromosomes is more challenging compared to both autosomes and sex chromosomes in females, as it is restricted within a short region of homology between X and Y, called the pseudo-autosomal region (PAR). However, in normal individuals, CO formation occurs in PAR with a higher frequency than in any other region, indicating the presence of mechanisms that promote the initiation and processing of recombination in each meiotic division. In recent years, research has made great strides in identifying genes and mechanisms that facilitate CO formation in the PAR. Here, we outline the most recent and relevant findings in this field. XY chromosome aneuploidy in humans has broad-reaching effects, contributing significantly also to Turner syndrome, spontaneous abortions, oligospermia, and even infertility. Thus, in the years to come, the identification of genes and mechanisms beyond XY aneuploidy is expected to have an impact on the genetic counseling of a wide number of families and adults affected by these disorders.
Lumbar spine fusion rates can vary according to the surgical technique. Although many studies on spinal fusion have been conducted and reported, the heterogeneity of the study designs and data handling make it difficult to identify which approach yields the highest fusion rate. Traditional posterolateral intertransverse fusion (PLF) still remains a good procedure with acceptable fusion rates for most degenerative conditions. For solid fusion, PLF can be combined with interbody fusion to circumferentially stabilize the relevant segment, even though it is unclear whether this improves fusion rates.

A bone graft or bone graft substitute is required to produce the fusion and can be implanted on its own, in the posterolateral gutters, or contained with an interbody device using either a posterior or anterior approach. Spinal laminectomy is most often the largest generator of bone graft product due to the nature of the procedure. The current gold standard is autograft bone, in which tissue is harvested locally or from the iliac crest and is then placed at the site. However, local bone graft may be relatively limited and harvesting at the iliac crest can easily lead to significant morbidity. Complications such as inflammation, infection, and chronic pain may outlast the pain of the original surgical procedure.

Autograft is the gold standard because it possesses all of the characteristics necessary for new bone growth-namely, osteoconductivity, osteogenicity, and osteoinductivity. Allograft tissues are alternatives to autografts and are taken from donors or cadavers, circumventing some of the shortcomings of autografts by eliminating donor-site morbidity and issues of limited supply. Osteoconductivity refers to the situation in which the graft supports the attachment of new osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells, providing an interconnected structure through which new cells can migrate and new vessels can form. Osteogenicity refers to the situation when the osteoblasts that are at the site of new bone formation are able to produce minerals to calcify the collagen matrix that forms the substrate for new bone. Osteoinductivity refers to the ability of a graft to induce nondifferentiated stem cells or osteoprogenitor cells to differentiate into osteoblasts. Using the 2 basic criteria of a successful graft, osteoconduction and osteoinduction, investigators have developed several alternatives, some of which are available for clinical use and others of which are still in the developmental stage. Many of these alternatives use a variety of materials, including natural and synthetic polymers, ceramics, and composites, whereas others have incorporated factor- and cell-based strategies that are used either alone or in combination with other materials.
PURPOSE: Cementless Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement (OUKR) is associated with less pain than cemented OUKR 5 years postoperatively. This may be due to improved fixation at the tibial wall, which transmits tension and reduces stress in the bone below the tibial component. This study compares tibial wall fixation with three different types of fixation: cemented, cementless with hydroxyapatite (HA) and cementless with a microporous titanium coat and HA (HA + MPC).
METHODS: Three consecutive cohorts were identified (n = 221 cemented in 2005-2007, n = 118 HA in 2014-2015, n = 125 HA + MPC in 2016-2017). Analysis was performed on anterior-posterior radiographs aligned on the tibial component taken 1-2 years postoperatively. Aligned radiographs are needed to see narrow radiolucencies adjacent to the wall. Alignment was assessed with rotation ratio (RR = wall width/internal wall height). Perfect RR is 0.3, and a maximum threshold of 0.5 was used. Quality of fixation to the wall was assessed with fixation ratio (FR = bone wall contact height/total wall height). Notable radiographic features at the tibial wall were also recorded.
RESULTS: A total of 33 knees with cement, 37 knees with cementless with HA and 57 knees cementless with HA + MPC had adequately aligned radiographs. Fixation was significantly better with HA compared with cement (55% vs. 25%, p = 0.0016). The microporous coat further improved fixation (81% vs. 55%, p < 0.0001). FR > 80% was achieved in 3% of the cemented implants, 32% of HA and 68% of HA + MPC. In cementless cohorts, features suggestive of a layer of bone that had delaminated from the wall were seen in 8 (22%) HA and 3 (5%) HA + MPC knees.
CONCLUSION: Radiographic tibial wall fixation in OUKR is poor with cement. It improves with an HA coating and improves further with an intermediary MPC. Improved tibial wall fixation may explain the lower levels of pain observed with cementless rather than cemented fixation described in the literature, but further clinical correlation is needed.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Analgesia with Remifentanil hydrochloride for injection in the immediate postoperative period (until approximately 30 minutes after extubation) was studied in 401 patients in four dose-finding studies and in 281 patients in two efficacy studies. In the dose-finding studies, the use of bolus doses of Remifentanil hydrochloride for injection and incremental infusion rate increases ≥ 0.05 mcg/kg/min led to respiratory depression and muscle rigidity. 

In two efficacy studies, Remifentanil hydrochloride for injection 0.1 mcg/kg/min was started immediately after discontinuing anesthesia. Incremental infusion rate increases of 0.025 mcg/kg/min every 5 minutes were given to treat moderate to severe postoperative pain. In Study 1, 50% decreases in infusion rate were made if respiratory rate decreased below 12 breaths/min and in Study 2, the same decreases were made if respiratory rate was below 8 breaths/min. With this difference in criteria for infusion rate decrease, the incidence of respiratory depression was lower in Study 1 (4%) than in Study 2 (12%). In both studies, Remifentanil hydrochloride for injection provided effective analgesia (no or mild pain with respiratory rate ≥ 8 breaths/min) in approximately 60% of patients at mean final infusion rates of 0.1 to 0.125 mcg/kg/min. 

  


Study 2 was a double-blind, randomized, controlled study in which patients received either morphine sulfate (0.15 mg/kg administered 20 minutes before the anticipated end of surgery plus 2 mg bolus doses for supplemental analgesia) or Remifentanil hydrochloride for injection (as described above). Emergence from anesthesia was similar between groups; median time to extubation was 5 to 6 minutes for both. Remifentanil hydrochloride for injection provided effective analgesia in 58% of patients compared to 33% of patients who received morphine. Respiratory depression occurred in 12% of patients receiving Remifentanil hydrochloride for injection compared to 4% of morphine patients. For patients who received Remifentanil hydrochloride for injection, morphine sulfate (0.15 mg/kg) was administered in divided doses 5 and 10 minutes before discontinuing Remifentanil hydrochloride for injection. Within 30 minutes after discontinuation of Remifentanil hydrochloride for injection, the percentage of patients with effective analgesia decreased to 34%.
Participants in this 18 to 55 year old cohort will receive 2 doses (Days 1 and 169) of V591 or placebo. Day 1 will be 1x10\^4 TCID50 V591 or placebo and Day 169 will be 1x10\^5 TCID50 V591 or placebo.
Hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen is supplied in liquid form for oral administration. 

WARNING: May be habit forming (see PRECAUTIONS, Information for Patients, and DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE). 

Hydrocodone bitartrate is an opioid analgesic and antitussive and occurs as fine, white crystals or as a crystalline powder. It is affected by light. The chemical name is 4,5α-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one tartrate (1:1) hydrate (2:5). It has the following structural formula: 

Acetaminophen, 4'-hydroxyacetanilide, a slightly bitter, white, odorless, crystalline powder, is a non-opiate, non-salicylate analgesic and antipyretic. It has the following structural formula: 

Hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen oral solution contains:

In addition, the liquid contains the following inactive ingredients: ammoniated glyyerrhizin, dibasic sodium phosphate, citric acid, ethyl maltol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, purified water, saccharin sodium, sodium citrate, sodium benzoate, sodium gluconate, sorbitol solution, with D&C Yellow No. 10 and FD&C Yellow No. 6 as coloring, and natural and artificial flavoring. Hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide may be added to adjust the pH.
The abscess cavity will be evaluated thoroughly with ultrasonography. The site will be prepared and draped. The skin surface will be infiltrated with local anesthetic with a 25-gauge needle. The treating clinician may provide ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia for procedural analgesia at their discretion. Incision of the skin surface with a number 11-blade scalpel will be performed over the largest area of infection; the incision will be extended into the abscess cavity. A blunt instrument will then be used to break up internal loculations if present. Repeated instrumentation through the initial incision or extension of the original incision will be performed if needed. Lastly, iodoform packing will be inserted through the incision into the cavity. The decision to send the abscess contents for microbiological culture and susceptibility analysis will be at the discretion of the treating clinician.
There is increased attention on opioid prescription patterns and post-operative narcotic consumption in light of the ongoing opioid crisis in the United States. Patients with opioid use disorders often have their first exposure to opioids following a medical or surgical procedure (Shah et al., 2019). Approximately 6% of patients who were opioid native preoperatively and received opioids postoperatively became long term users. As orthopedic surgeons account for approximately 8% of all dispensed opioid prescriptions (Volkow et al., 2011), surgeons have investigated the effectiveness of multimodal analgesic regimens in controlling post-operative pain and reducing the amount of opioid consumption. Recent studies have shown that an opiate sparing regimen consisted of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can control post-operative pain adequately while reducing opioid consumption in patients who underwent arthroscopic knee or shoulder surgeries (Gazendam et al., 2022; Jones et al., 2022). Currently, there is no clear consensus on pain management regimen after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

The purpose of this study is to 1) investigate the difference in pain score and opioid consumption among patients who receive the opioid-based protocol and those who receive opioid-sparing protocol; 2) minimize and potentially eliminate the utilization of narcotics following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) surgery.
Chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex inflammatory condition characterized by recurring nasal polyps, often necessitating repeated interventions. Blood eosinophilia has emerged as a potential biomarker for predicting disease recurrence. The present study aims to assess the predictive significance of blood eosinophilia for the recurrence of nasal polyps. To accomplish this objective, we employed the appropriate search keywords to explore international databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Through this process, we extracted scholarly articles that assessed the prognostic value of blood eosinophilia in the recurrence of nasal polyps. The statistical software STATA (version 15) was employed, along with random and fixed-effects models, to appraise the compiled data. Nine articles met inclusion criteria, with a total sample size of 1279 individuals (569 recurrent polyp individuals and 710 non-recurrent polyp individuals). Cumulative Odds ratio analysis revealed that CRSwNP is associated with high blood eosinophile percentage compared to the non-CRSwNP group (p=0.01, OR=1.26, 95%Cl (1.15,1.36). The cut-off value of blood eosinophil percentage (>0.78) had relatively good, and statistically significant predictive potential. No significant publication bias was observed for the included studies. Our findings indicate that the utilization of blood eosinophils holds significant predictive value and can serve as a valuable tool for detecting recurrence in patients with CRSwNP. Based on the outcomes of our comprehensive analysis, we propose a threshold of >0.78 as a reliable indicator for assessing the probability of recurrence in CRSwNP patients.
The invention discloses a wind-heat type common cold patch. According to Chinese medicinal transdermal patches, tablets are pasted to corresponding acupoints, and through skin absorption of meridian and acupoints, the treatment purpose can be achieved, and the transdermal patches are an effective means of treating internal illness by external treatment in traditional Chinese medicine. The wind-heat type common cold patch is prepared from the following Chinese herbal raw materials: phellodendron, sophora flavescens, gentian, and Solanum Lyratum Thunb. The preparation method includes: cleaning the drug raw materials, performing drying, then crushing the raw materials into 180-200 mesh fine powder, adding 0.08-0.1% of sodium benzoate according to the weight of the drug powder, and mixing the materials evenly; mixing the drug powder with refined honey in a weight ratio of 1:0.3-0.5 to prepare tablets with a diameter of 2cm and thickness of 1cm, fixing the tablets on an adhesive material, then pasting surface sealing paper, and conducting sealing packaging. The wind-heat type common cold patch provided by the invention has the effects of heat clearing, detoxification, wind dispelling and cough relieving. The wind-heat type common cold patch provided by the invention is used for application to navels to treat 87 cases of wind-heat type common cold patients, achieves good clinical curative effect, and has an effective rate up to 93.1%. Local and systemic allergic phenomenon is not found during medications, and the patch is safe in medication.
The proposed trial is a one year, double blinded, placebo controlled study designed to examine and compare the effects of dietary ground flaxseed supplementation in volunteers with claudication secondary to lower extremity atherosclerotic arterial disease (peripheral arterial disease). The original proposal was for a two year study duration but this was truncated at one year to insure patient compliance remained high. This patient population is likely to benefit from flaxseed because there is a high prevalence of accelerated atherosclerosis and a higher than normal incidence of arrhythmias, myocardial infarctions and stroke. This study will be focus on whether dietary flaxseed can reduce clinical manifestations of peripheral arterial disease and increase exercise capacity in these patients. Two general hypotheses will be tested in this proposal. First, we hypothesize that fewer primary and secondary events (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, stroke, myocardial infarctions, angina, arrhythmias) will occur in patients who ingest flaxseed in their diet. Secondly, we hypothesize that dietary flaxseed supplementation will be associated with beneficial effects on exercise performance, blood pressure and circulating lipid levels. This trial will generate data on the safety, tolerability, cardiovascular efficacy and genomic response to a diet rich in flaxseed in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
This is an unblinded NIH Stage I of Behavioral Intervention Development trial, using serial multiple-period single patient crossover design. Investigators will enroll 20 participants, conducting an N-of-1 trial in each of them. The intervention is a two-arm crossover withdrawal/reversal design (On \[A\] vs. Off \[B\]) with up to 6 periods, each period lasting up to 6 weeks. The sequence of treatment will be randomized to either ABAB or BABA. Each participant will have the option to participate in additional periods if they wish to gather more data. The intervention drug will be beta-blockers, previously prescribed to the subjects by their physician. The investigators have developed a titration algorithm, where the participant's dose of beta-blocker will be decreased by 50% every week prior to their Off \[B\] period. Similarly, investigators will increase participant's beta-blocker dose by 50% every week prior to their On \[A\] period.
This is a pivotal Phase 3, open-label, single-arm, multicenter study to assess the tolerability, safety, efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of the Investigational Medicinal Product in adults and children with Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (PIDD). A total of approximately 75 subjects aged 2-80 years will be enrolled in the study. Subjects who switch from an investigational immune globulin or subcutaneous immune globulin (IGSC) are required to receive a stable dose of commercial product (CP), which is a licensed commercially available immune globulin intravenous (IGIV) product for at least 3 cycles before they can be given the Investigational Medicinal Product . This study schema will result in the Commercial Product Treatment Period and Investigational Medicinal Product Treatment Period. All subjects will be treated on an outpatient basis with the Investigational Medicinal Product for approximately 1 year, with the dose and schedule based on their previous IGIV treatment regimen (21-day or 28-day dosing interval). A subset of subjects will participate in a Pharmacokinetics sub-study.

The primary objective of the study is to examine the rate of clinically documented serious bacterial infections (SBIs) in subjects treated with the Investigational Medicinal Product to achieve a rate of less than one SBI per year.
Mesna is a detoxifying agent to inhibit the hemorrhagic cystitis induced by ifosfamide. The active ingredient, mesna, is a synthetic sulfhydryl compound designated as sodium-2-mercaptoethane sulfonate with a molecular formula of C2H5NaO3S2 and a molecular weight of 164.18. Its structural formula is as follows:

HS–CH2–CH2SO3–Na+

Mesna injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, aqueous solution of clear and colorless appearance in clear glass Multiple-Dose vials for intravenous administration. Mesna injection contains 100 mg/mL mesna, 0.25 mg/mL edetate disodium and sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment. Mesna Injection Multiple-Dose vials also contain 10.4 mg/mL of benzyl alcohol as a preservative. The solution has a pH range of 6.5 to 7.3.
PURPOSE:To obtain a lame-containing nail enamel capable of imparting beautiful appearance and accent similar to a surface enchased with gems by dispersing aluminum foil pieces coated with a colored resin in an enamel base. CONSTITUTION:The objective enamel can be produced by preparing aluminum foil pieces having a mesh size of 24-250 mesh and coated with a colored resin and dispersing 0.001-1.0% of the foil pieces in a nail enamel base. The aluminum foil pieces may have uniform shape, color and size or it is a mixture of several kinds of foil pieces having different shapes, etc. The enamel base is composed of a film-forming agent, a plasticizer (e.g. dl-camphor), a solvent (e.g. ethyl acetate), a colorant, a perfumery, etc.
End-stage liver disease is one of the major diseases leading to death. With advancement of transplantation surgery and perioperative anesthesia management, liver transplantation has become an effective method to recover patients' liver function, thus saving their lives and improving their quality of life. Serious disorders of fluid balance, such as blood coagulation dysfunction, electrolyte disequilibrium, hypoalbuminaemia, low hematocrit, low hemoglobin and acid-base imbalance etc. exist in end stage cirrhosis patients with liver transplantation. Such abnormalities in the internal milieu could cause or worsen cardiovascular and pulmonary dysfunction, thus making perioperative management more difficult.

Albumin and blood plasma are conventionally used as plasma volume expanders in clinical practice. At the same time, the level of albumin concentration is also used as an important criterion of prognosis. When the level of albumin concentration in serum is below 35 g/L, postoperative mortality rates and complications will increase significantly. In fact, it has been the focus of debate for many years whether albumin should be used for volume replacement in critically ill patients. Boldt and his colleagues demonstrated that albumin has little positive influence on the prognosis of critically ill patients. However, Shwe deemed albumin beneficial to critically ill patients. Simon suggested that albumin is given mainly for treating hypovolemia instead of increasing the level of albumin concentration in serum. However, at the same time, he admitted there is no advantages of albumin in comparison to other colloid solutions and, furthermore, it is more expensive.

Voluven (130/0.4) is a medium molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch (HES) produced by Beijing Fresenius Kabi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. It is a novel HES preparation with optimized molecular weight and molecule distribution, has a lower degree of substitution (DS) (0.4), and a narrower molecular distribution profile (C2/C6) than other available HES specifications which make it more suitable for volume replacement therapy. Some studies have revealed that Voluven (130/0.4) has a comparable efficacy with HAES-steril (average molecular weight 200.000 dalton, degree of substitution 0.5). Because of its improved pharmacological profile, Voluven (130/0.4) is used to avoid capillary vessel leakage and improve oxygenation of tissues. In addition, Voluven (130/0.4) does not accumulate in plasma or tissues even after multiple dosing (maximal dose 50 ml/kg), and has an improved HES safety profile in terms of coagulation and kidney function.

The current study is designed to assess the efficacy, safety, and pharmaceutical economics characteristic of perioperative volume replacement with Voluven (130/0.4) in patients undergoing liver transplantation compared with patients who received volume therapy with albumin. The objective of this study is to supply appropriate regimens for patients undergoing liver transplantation, considering clinical efficacy, safety, and costs.