anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
WARNING: CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKING

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular events from combination oral contraceptive use. This risk increases with age, particularly in women over 35 years of age, and with the number of cigarettes smoked. For this reason, combination oral contraceptives, including DASETTATM 7/7/7, should not be used by women who are over 35 years of age and smoke.

Patients should be counseled that this product does not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases.

COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES

The following product is a combined oral contraceptive containing the progestational compound norethindrone and the estrogenic compound ethinyl estradiol.

Each light peach tablet contains 0.5 mg of norethindrone and 0.035 mg of ethinyl estradiol.

Inactive ingredients include: titanium dioxide, macrogol/PEG 3350 NF, talc, polyvinyl alcohol, iron oxide red, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and pregelatinized starch. Each peach tablet contains 0.75 mg of norethindrone and 0.035 mg of ethinyl estradiol. Inactive ingredients include: titanium dioxide, polyvinyl alcohol, talc, macrogol/PEG 3350 NF, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and pregelatinized starch. Each orange tablet contains 1 mg of norethindrone and 0.035 mg of ethinyl estradiol. Inactive ingredients include: titanium dioxide, polyvinyl alcohol, talc, macrogol/PEG 3350 NF, lecithin (soya), FD&C Yellow #6 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Yellow #5 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Red #40 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue #2 Aluminum Lake, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and pregelatinized starch. Each white tablet contains only inert ingredients, as follows: Titanium dioxide, polydextrose, hypromellose, triacetin, macrogol/polyethylene glycol, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and pregelatinized corn starch.

The chemical name for norethindrone is 17-Hydroxy-19-nor-17 -pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, and for ethinyl estradiol is 19-Nor-17 -pregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-20-yne-3,17-diol. Their structural formulas are as follows:
Despite the significant improvements in the therapeutic management of beta thalassemia major (BTM) over the past few decades, osteoporosis is still a common finding, even in optimally treated patients. The relationships between bone mineral densities (BMD) and several clinical characteristics or hematological markers have been described. Chronic anemia, bone marrow expansion due to ineffective erythropoiesis, iron toxicity, calcium and zinc deficiencies, low vitamin D levels and endocrine complications have been suggested to contribute to the etiology of bone diseases in BTM. Nevertheless, the complex etiological mechanisms of this heterogeneous osteopathy remain incompletely clarified. A complex mechanism controls bone remodeling in human. This mechanism includes the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), its natural receptor (RANK) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The RANK/RANKL pathway is an essential to promote osteoclast formation and activation and prolongs osteoclast survival.

OPG acts as a decoy receptor for RANKL and prevents its interaction with RANK thereby inhibiting osteoclast formation, function, and survival. Alteration of the RANK/RANKL/OPG system for increased osteoclastic activity and enhanced osteoblastic dysfunction is proposed as an important mechanism in the etiology of osteoporosis in BTM. Hypogonadism, a common finding in BTM, is associated with enhanced RANKL activity. The sex steroid hormones, androgen, and estrogens, via their respective nuclear receptors, regulate BMD in humans and mice. Testosterone is likely to have direct and indirect inhibitory effects on human osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Animal model and cell culture studies suggest a direct inhibitory effect of androgens on the OPG/RANKL cytokines system. In human osteoblastic cells, testosterone and 5-dihydrotestosterone mediate an androgen receptor-induced specific inhibition of OPG messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression. Androgens have also been shown to block RANKL-induced osteoclastic formation while RANKL expression was found to be up-regulated in osteoblastic cells from androgen receptor-deficient mice. The effect of oestradiol (E2) on osteoclast precursors and osteoclasts seems to be mediated by osteoblastic cells. Inhibitory effect of E2 is associated with the stimulated secretion of OPG by osteoblasts. Previous studies have focused on the characteristics of thalassemic patients with osteoporosis and their response to therapy with bisphosphonate. Because RANK-RANKL and OPG play a significant role in bone resorption and seem to be the principal implicated mechanism for the development of osteoporosis in BTM, we will conduct this prospective study to evaluate the anti-RANKL denosumab versus zoledronic acid on TM-induced osteoporosis.
The intervention condition consists of a change to the electronic health record so that new opioid analgesic prescriptions automatically default to 10 pills (i.e., the "quantity dispensed" field is pre-populated). This value is modifiable by providers who can tailor the prescription based on clinical factors.
In patients with BPH, finasteride tablets USP has no effect on circulating levels of cortisol, estradiol, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, or thyroxine. No clinically meaningful effect was observed on the plasma lipid profile (i.e., total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins and triglycerides) or bone mineral density. Increases of about 10% were observed in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in patients receiving finasteride tablets USP, but levels remained within the normal range. In healthy volunteers, treatment with finasteride tablets USP did not alter the response of LH and FSH to gonadotropin-releasing hormone indicating that the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis was not affected.

Treatment with finasteride tablets USP for 24 weeks to evaluate semen parameters in healthy male volunteers revealed no clinically meaningful effects on sperm concentration, mobility, morphology, or pH. A 0.6 mL (22.1%) median decrease in ejaculate volume with a concomitant reduction in total sperm per ejaculate was observed. These parameters remained within the normal range and were reversible upon discontinuation of therapy with an average time to return to baseline of 84 weeks.
Hepatitis B vaccine is very effective at preventing infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Several studies have reported on the long-term efficacy of the HBV vaccine and indicate a decline in titers of antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) over time. However, most of these studies were performed in persons vaccinated as infants or children. This protocol is designed to examine the long-term immune status of HIV positive and negative individuals who were vaccinated during adulthood, and to compare it to the immune status of individuals who acquired natural immunity by recovering from acute hepatitis B during adulthood. Individuals who lost the vaccine-induced humoral immune response, will be offered a booster vaccination and their immune response to the booster vaccination will be assessed. In this study, we will recruit 150 subjects who were vaccinated secondary to their job-related risk of acquiring HBV infection. An additional 50 subjects who had spontaneously recovered from acute hepatitis B (Bullet) 10 years ago, 50 patients with well-compensated HIV infection who received HBV vaccine (Bullet) 10 years ago and 10 subjects who were never vaccinated and never infected with the hepatitis B virus will be enrolled as comparison groups. All subjects will be asked to complete a questionnaire to assess their HBV exposure risk as well as factors that may affect their immune response. Immunological assays include the quantitation of HBV-specific antibodies and the qualitative and quantitative assessment of HBV-specific memory B cells and T cells at the indicated time intervals after vaccination or after recovery from acute hepatitis B. Additional immunological assays include testing for antibody to measles, mumps and rubella (German measles) viruses to compare the longevity of antibody response to these vaccines or natural infection to the antibody response to the hepatitis B vaccine or natural infection. The results of this study will help to answer the question whether a booster vaccination is required and at which time after the primary vaccination course it should be considered.
Microscaled proteogenomics was deployed to probe the molecular basis for differential response to neoadjuvant carboplatin & taxotere combination chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Proteomic analyses of pre-treatment biopsies uniquely revealed that metabolic pathways including oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis were resistance-associated. Both proteomics and transcriptomics revealed that sensitivity was marked by elevation of DNA repair, E2F targets, G2M checkpoint, interferon-gamma response, and immune checkpoint components. Proteogenomic analyses of somatic copy number aberrations identified a resistance-associated 19q13.31-33 deletion where  LIG1 ,  POLD1  and  XRCC1  are located. In orthogonal datasets,  LIG1  (DNA ligase I involved in lagging strand synthesis) gene deletion and/or low mRNA expression were associated with lack of pathological complete response and poor prognosis in TNBC, as well as selective carboplatin-resistance in TNBC patient-derived xenograft models. Low expression or  LIG1  loss was also associated with higher chromosomal instability index (CIN) and poor prognosis in other cancer types, demonstrating that deletion of lagging- strand synthesis components has broad clinical significance.
In the literature, there are many questionnaires aimed at patients with head and neck cancer, developed both specifically and specifically for this patient group, evaluating the quality of life. Regarding the shoulder problems experienced by these patients, there is only one item in the literature called "The University of Michegan Head and Neck QOL (UMHNQOL) questionnaire" that evaluates shoulder pain. Apart from this, there is no other questionnaire in the literature that may adversely affect the quality of life to neck dissection and question both neck and shoulder problems together. The Neck Dissection Impairment Index evaluates the shoulder-related quality of life in a more comprehensive and more detailed manner according to the UMHNQOL questionnaire. The Neck Dissection Impairment Index evaluates the components of shoulder related quality of life in a wide range after neck dissection. Because the type of age, weight, radiotherapy and neck dissection are the most important variables affecting quality of life, patients in the high-risk group (e.g. young individuals, patients who have received radiotherapy and modified radical neck dissection) evaluated with the Neck Dissection Impairment Questionnaire can benefit from an earlier and more intensive rehabilitation.
PCT No. PCT/GB93/00273 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 27, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 27, 1994 PCT Filed Feb. 10, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO93/16075 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 19, 1993.The present invention is directed to compounds of general formula I as well their pharmaceutically and veterinarily acceptable acid addition salts or hydrates thereof. The present invention is further directed to pharmaceutical and veterinary compositions containing the compounds of general formula I. The present compounds of general formula I are antagonist of platelet activating factor (PAF). Accordingly, the present invention is also directed to methods for preventing, treating or ameliorating in human or mammalian animals, various diseases or physiological conditions mediated by PAF.
The multimodal analgesia strategy for acute pain involves using 2 or more analgesic medications with distinct mechanisms of action. This study assessed the bioavailability and tolerability of 2 tramadol hydrochloride (50 mg)/diclofenac sodium (50 mg) fixed-dose combination formulations under fed conditions to attend the Brazilian regulatory requirements for generic product registration. An open-label, randomized, single-dose, 2-period, 2-way crossover trial was conducted, including healthy subjects of both sexes. Subjects received a single dose of either the test or reference formulation of tramadol/diclofenac fixed-dose combination tablets with a 7-day washout period. Blood samples were collected up to 36 hours after dosing for tramadol and 12 hours for diclofenac and quantified using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Of 56 subjects enrolled, 53 completed the study. The 90% confidence intervals for maximum plasma concentration and area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration were within acceptable bioequivalence limits of 80%-125%. Considering the results presented in this study, the test formulation is bioequivalent to the reference formulation and could be interchangeable in medical practice.
FOR FULL-LENGTH ARTICLES: This study systematically identified the effects of physical activity (PA) on depression, anxiety and weight-related outcomes among children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched from January 1, 2000 to August 1, 2022 for peer-reviewed papers. Meta-analyses were conducted to ascertain the effect of physical activity on symptoms of anxiety, depression and weight-related outcomes in overweight/obese children and adolescents. Twenty-five studies representing 2188 participants, with median age 12.08 years old (8.3 to 18.44 years) were included. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, BMI, BMI z-scores, weight, waist circumference and height were evaluated. After incorporating the effects of PA interventions on children and adolescents with overweight/obesity, PA could improve depressive and anxiety symptoms, but not obesity indexes except waist circumference. While, PA combined with other interventions have a significant effect both on anxiety symptoms and BMI compared to pure PA intervention. In terms of intervention duration, we observed that durations falling within the range of 8 to 24 weeks exhibited the most positive effects on reducing depressive symptoms.
FOR SHORT COMMUNICATIONS: We included 25 articles on the effects of physical activity on psychological states such as depression and anxiety, weight, BMI and other weight-related indicators in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. We attempted to determine the most appropriate type of physical activity intervention for children and adolescents with overweight/obesity, as well as the most appropriate population characteristics and duration by combining the outcome data from each article. This has a great enlightening effect for health workers to carry out corresponding strategies in the future.
Antiviral therapies for treatment of COVID-19 may be associated with significant proarrhythmic potential. In the present study, the potential cardiotoxic side effects of these therapies were evaluated using a Langendorff model of the isolated rabbit heart. 51 hearts of female rabbits were retrogradely perfused, employing a Langendorff-setup. Eight catheters were placed endo- and epicardially to perform an electrophysiology study, thus obtaining cycle length-dependent action potential duration at 90% of repolarization (APD90), QT intervals and dispersion of repolarization. After generating baseline data, the hearts were assigned to four groups: In group 1 (HXC), hearts were treated with 1 µM hydroxychloroquine. Thereafter, 3 µM hydroxychloroquine were infused additionally. Group 2 (HXC + AZI) was perfused with 3 µM hydroxychloroquine followed by 150 µM azithromycin. In group 3 (LOP) the hearts were perfused with 3 µM lopinavir followed by 5 µM and 10 µM lopinavir. Group 4 (REM) was perfused with 1 µM remdesivir followed by 5 µM and 10 µM remdesivir. Hydroxychloroquine- and azithromycin-based therapies have a significant proarrhythmic potential mediated by action potential prolongation and an increase in dispersion. Lopinavir and remdesivir showed overall significantly less pronounced changes in electrophysiology. In accordance with the reported bradycardic events under remdesivir, it significantly reduced the rate of the ventricular escape rhythm.
The present invention relates to a method for preparing compound micron dendrobium candicum milk tablets for nourishing yin, reducing blood sugar and allaying fatigue. Micron dendrobium candicum powder, micron ophiopogon root powder, micron sea buckthorn powder, micron wolfberry fruit powder, micron amino acid chromium powder, sorbitol powder, etc. processed through high-technology airflow superfine grinding are added into various traditional milk tablets and processed into the milk tablets for nourishing yin, reducing blood sugar and allaying fatigue in a combining mode. The present invention has the obvious function of reducing blood sugar and simultaneously has the effects of nourishing yin, benefiting lungs, allaying fatigue, enhancing immunity, etc. Diabetics can obtain scores of nutrient substances such as abundant protein, vitamins, mineral substances, active ferment, etc., and simultaneously, the present invention strengthens the health-care functions of nourishing yin, benefiting lungs, reducing blood sugar and supplementing calcium because the raw material such as the amino acid chromium powder, etc. which is extolled as a blood sugar reducing factor is added. Therefore, the present invention is a favorable method for preparing the milk tablets for nourishing yin, reducing blood sugar and allaying fatigue, the milk tablets have Chinese characteristics, and the milk tablets are used for protecting health and prolonging life and especially designed for middle-aged diabetics and old diabetics all over the world.
Lipid droplets are dynamic multifunctional organelles composed of a neutral lipid core and a phospholipid monolayer membrane modified by a specific set of proteins. PAT family proteins are the most characteristic lipid droplet proteins, playing an important role in regulating lipid droplet structure, function, and metabolism. The biogenesis of lipid droplets involves neutral lipid synthesis and the nucleation, budding, and growth of the lipid droplets. Lipid droplets not only serve as the energy metabolism reserve of cells but also participate in intracellular signal transduction and the development of inflammation and tumor. Lipid droplets are closely connected to and interact with various organelles, regulating the division, the transportation, and the genetics of organelles. The complexity of lipid droplets biogenesis and the diversity of their functions may have provided a physiological basis for the pathogenesis and development of diseases, but further research is needed in order to better understand the relevant processes. Published findings have helped elucidate the association between lipid droplets and diseases, such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegenerative disease, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, but the relationship between lipid droplets and oral diseases has not been fully studied. Topics that warrant further research include the role and mechanisms of lipid droplets in the pathogenesis and development of oral diseases, the relationship between oral diseases and systemic diseases, and translation of the effect of lipid droplets on oral diseases into valuable clinical diagnostic and treatment methods. Herein, we reviewed the biogenesis and functions of lipid droplets and the progress in research concerning lipid droplets in oral diseases, including mouth neoplasms, periodontitis, and dental caries.
BACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation (SD) can lead to the development of various pathological disorders. The extracellular matrix (ECM) compositions and circadian rhythm genes are two pivotal variables of SD. However, their relationships remain undefined during SD.
METHODS: A mouse SD model was established using a modified multiplatform water environment method. The expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) in mouse hippocampus was detected by an immunofluorescence (IF) method. Protein expression was assessed by western blot, and mRNA analysis was performed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The differentially expressed genes after SD, the genes associated with stromal score, and gene expression correlation were analyzed by bioinformatic analysis.
RESULTS: The mouse model of SD was successfully established, as evidenced by the changed morphology, increased Bax and NGF levels, and downregulated Bcl-2 in mouse hippocampus after SD. The differentially expressed genes after SD were closely associated with the ECM compositions. The ECM composition metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was under-expressed in mouse hippocampus after SD. The hippocampal MMP9 expression was correlated with the expression levels of circadian genes PER2, PER3, TIMELESS, FBXL3, and NFIL3. PER2 and TIMELESS were upregulated in mouse hippocampus after SD.
CONCLUSION: The current findings suggest a correlation between ECM composition MMP9 and circadian rhythm-related genes PER2 and TIMELESS in mouse hippocampus after SD, providing a novel understanding of the disorders after SD.
Design: This will be a randomized, controlled trial. 360 veterans presenting for specialty substance use disorders treatment at the Minneapolis VAMC and the VA Puget Sound Health Care System will be randomly assigned to 8 weeks of Usual Care or Usual Care plus Contingency Management. Minimal exclusion criteria include primary cannabis dependence, primary opioid dependence, screening positive for pathological gambling, serious psychiatric symptoms or suicide risk. Randomization will be stratified by site and primary substance use disorder (alcohol or stimulant). All participants will meet with a research assistant twice per week to submit urine drug and breath alcohol samples. Participants randomized to the contingency management interventions will have the opportunity to draw tokens (with replacement) from a bowl each time they submit negative urine drug and breath alcohol screens. The number of drawings allowed escalates with continuous weeks of negative screens or returns to baseline if screens are positive or missed. Half of the 500 tokens will result in social reinforcement ("Good Job!"). The remainder will earn a VA canteen voucher worth monetary value. Follow-up assessments occur 2, 6, and 12 months after enrollment into the study. Primary outcomes measures include number of days with negative urine drug and breath alcohol screens during the intervention phase, days of treatment attendance during the intervention phase, and percent days abstinent on the Timeline Follow-Back interview at follow-up assessments. Secondary outcomes include a brief assessment of employment, housing, legal, and psychiatric status, and administrative data on VA service utilization. A process evaluation and an economic analysis are included.