anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Dietary intervention is an important method to manage sarcopenic obesity, but the implementation in real world is difficult to achieve an ideal condition. This study aimed to the experiences of older people with sarcopenic obesity during the implementation of dietary behavioural change (DBC) intervention.
METHODS: This study is a semi-structured individual interview embedded within a pilot randomized controlled trial on community-dwelling older people with sarcopenic obesity. Purposive sampling was applied to invite 21 participants who had received a 15-week DBC intervention. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was performed to analyze the data.
RESULTS: The themes for facilitators included: (a) Attach importance to self's health; (b) Family's support; (c) Concern self's body shape; (d) Instructor's support; (e) Regular food diary taken. The themes for barriers included: (a) Difficulties of taking food diary; (b) Difficulties of calculating the food amount; (c) Yield to offspring's appetite; (d) Misjudging self's or family's appetite.
CONCLUSION: Support from family members and instructor, caring about self's health and body image facilitated the intervention implementation. The complication of food amount estimation and diary record, personal sacrifice for next generations, and previous living experience were barriers for implementing the intervention. Overall, the older people with sarcopenic obesity can accept the design of DBC intervention program and have great willing to join.
Participants will receive isoniazid and rifabutin for 14 days, followed by 14 days of combination isoniazid, rifabutin, and imatinib. Imatinib dose will be determined after analyzing data from Cohort 1.
Participants with CLBP. Measurements include: bio-physiological, neurophysiological measurements at baseline. Remote monitoring of gait, physical activity for 7 days using inertial measurement unit (IMU) with wearable devices. Self-reported measures of pain and type of activity for 7 days using electronic dairy.
Patients were given a meal of cup of yogurt (100 ml) with 2 spoonful of honey (42 gm) at midnight before surgery and 200 ml of a clear carbohydrate drink on the day of surgery, 2 h before anesthesia induction. This drink consisted of 200 ml water in which two spoonful of honey were dissolved.
BACKGROUND: Many children consume a poor quality diet with only a third of children aged 6-9 years eating vegetables daily. A high quality diet is important for good health in childhood; however, the prevalence of children living with obesity has doubled from 10% to 23% during primary school in the UK. Cooking lessons have the potential to improve diet quality and reduce obesity prevalence in childhood, both of which are associated with improved cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the impact of school-based cooking classes on cooking skills, food literacy and vegetable intake of children aged 4-12 years.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of OVID Medline, OVID Embase, EBSCO CINHAL and EBSCO ERIC for comparative studies that evaluated outcomes of children receiving cooking classes compared to a control group. Interventions included contained food preparation or a cooking activities and took place on school premises. Risk of bias was assessed using ROB2 and Robins-I. Outcomes were pooled in a meta-analysis using a random-effects model using standardised mean differences or reviewed using narrative synthesis. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.
RESULTS: We included 21 studies, (6 randomised). Meta-analysis showed a small positive effect on cooking self-efficacy of 0.39 units (95% CI 0.05 to 0.54), and a small positive effect on vegetable intake of 0.25 units (95% CI 0.05 to 0.45). Programmes with more than 6 h of cooking showed the greatest effects.
CONCLUSIONS: Children's cooking programmes result in small improvements in cooking efficacy and vegetable intake, particularly those with more than 6 h of classes. It is recommended that future interventions use consistent measurement for children's food literacy and cooking confidence.
Pediatric papillary thyroid carcinomas (PPTCs) exhibit high inter-tumor heterogeneity and currently lack widely adopted recurrence risk stratification criteria. Hence, we propose a machine learning-based objective method to individually predict their recurrence risk. We retrospectively collect and evaluate the clinical factors and proteomes of 83 pediatric benign (PB), 85 pediatric malignant (PM) and 66 adult malignant (AM) nodules, and quantify 10,426 proteins by mass spectrometry. We find 243 and 121 significantly dysregulated proteins from PM vs. PB and PM vs. AM, respectively. Function and pathway analyses show the enhanced activation of the inflammatory and immune system in PM patients compared with the others. Nineteen proteins are selected to predict recurrence using a machine learning model with an accuracy of 88.24%. Our study generates a protein-based personalized prognostic prediction model that can stratify PPTC patients into high- or low-recurrence risk groups, providing a reference for clinical decision-making and individualized treatment.
BACKGROUND: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart arrhythmia in the elderly population. AF patients are at high-risk of ischemic strokes, but oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy reduces such risks. Warfarin had been the standard OAC for AF patients, however its effectiveness is highly variable and dependent on close monitoring of the anticoagulant response. Newer OACs such as rivaroxaban and apixaban address these drawbacks but are more costly. It is uncertain which OAC therapy for AF is cost-saving from the healthcare system perspective.
METHODS: We followed a cohort of patients in Ontario, Canada, aged ≥ 66 who were newly diagnosed with AF and prescribed OACs between 2012 and 2017. We used a two-stage estimation procedure. First, we account for the patient selection into OACs using a multinomial logit regression model and estimated propensity scores. Second, we used an inverse probability weighted regression adjustment approach to determine cost-saving OAC options. We also examined component-specific costs (i.e., drug, hospitalization, emergency department and physician) to understand the drivers of cost-saving OACs.
RESULTS: We found that compared to warfarin, rivaroxaban and apixaban treatments were cost-saving options, with per-patient 1-year healthcare cost savings at $2436 and $1764, respectively. These savings were driven by cost-savings in hospitalization, emergency department visits, and physician visits, outweighing higher drug costs. These results were robust to alternative model specifications and estimation procedures.
CONCLUSIONS: Treating AF patients with rivaroxaban and apixaban than warfarin reduces healthcare costs. OAC reimbursement policies for AF patients should consider rivaroxaban or apixaban over warfarin as the first-line treatment.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a lysophospholipid mediator that evokes a variety of cellular responses including those that result in platelet aggregation, cell proliferation, cell morphology, tumor cell invasion, endothelial cell chemotaxis and angiogenesis. For these reasons, S1P receptors are good targets for therapeutic applications such as autoimmune diseases. S1P receptors make good drug targets because individual receptors are both tissue and response specific. Autotaxin (ATX, ENPP2) is a secreted glycoprotein widely present in biological fluids. Both S1P and ATX are involved in demyelination of the central or peripheral nervous system. The need exists to develop new treatments for patients with demyelination diseases or disorders. The present invention meets this need by providing compounds represented by formula (I): (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compounds are suitable for use in preventing, treating, or reducing symptoms of a condition mediated by S1P activity or autotoaxin (ATX) activity, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis or chronic pain. Also provided are associated pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use.
This invention is for a method of treating cataracts in eyes by couching or dislocating of the cataractous lens. It includes the steps of introducing a zonulolysis-causing substance into the interior of the eye adjacent to the cataractous lens in sufficient quantity and strength to produce zonulolysis of the lens zonules normally holding the lens of the eye in place. The zonulolysis-causing substance is maintained in said eye adjacent the zonules until zonulolysis occurs and said lens moves into the inferior cavity of the eye. Alphachymotrypsin is one form of zonulolysis-causing substance. That substance may be introduced through a clear portion of the cornea into the anterior chamber of the eye without rupturing the lens capsule. A quantity of aqueous may be removed from the anterior chamber before introducing the zonulolysis-causing substance. That substance may also be introduced by injection of the substance through the pars plana into the vitreous behind the cataractous lens or by topical application in the presence of means to transport the substance to the lens zonules.
Nowadays, treatment strategies for patients affected by metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are still very scant. Gemcitabine and fluoropyrimidine based chemotherapy regimens are standard I line chemotherapy. Recently, landmark genome-wide studies revealed the existence of a distinct subpopulation of PDAC with highly unstable genomic properties, due to mutations in DNA Damage Repair genes (DDR), in particular BRCA1/2 mutations. Germline mutations cause a deficiency in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage repair due to inhibition of DNA double-strand breaks repair by the mechanism of homologous recombination. Cancer cells rely on DNA repair to survive the damage induced by genotoxic stress and DNA repair enables cancer cells to accumulate genomic alterations that contribute to their aggressive phenotype. BRCA1/2 abrogation and homologous repair deficiency (HRD) confer sensitivity to DNA damage-inducing drugs, in particular those inflicting cytotoxic DNA crosslinks that interfere with DNA replication. The sensitivity of BRCA1/2-mutated tumors to platinum compounds has been validated in multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies. Nevertheless, similar lesions are induced by DNA-alkylating agents, which include mono-functional (e.g. mitomycin C) or bifunctional alkylators (e.g. chlorambucil). Small molecule inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have been recently developed and they showed an interesting activity and efficacy in breast, ovarian and pancreatic cancer tumors. Although platinum drugs and PARP inhibitors show initially good responses in the clinic, most patients acquire resistance to these drugs. Chlorambucil shows high selective toxicity against human cells and xenograft tumors with compromised BRCA1/2 function. Patients affected by metastatic ductal adenocarcinoma, pretreated with at least one previous platinum-based chemotherapy, will be treated with oral chlorambucil for 42 consecutive days After restaging, responder patients and those with stable disease will receive for 14 consecutive days every 28 days until disease progression (RECIST 1.1 criteria) or unbearable toxicity, patient refusal or medical decision.
Participants will receive one capsule of the test formulation containing Oseltamivir 75 mg. The capsules will be taken with water and in a fasting condition.
The invention discloses a Chinese traditional medicine which is specially used in slimming by cupping. The Chinese traditional medicine is prepared from the following raw materials by weight part: 10 to 14 parts of saffron, 10 to 12 parts of corydalis tuber, 10 to 16 parts of cyperus rotundus, 2 to 4 parts of peack seed, 4 to 6 parts of aloe, 8 to 10 parts of lysimachia, 6 to 8 parts of black-tail snake, and 1 to 3 parts of bezoar. The medicine is applied in slimming by cupping, or directly applied on points, thus stimulating points and accelerating the metabolism throughout the body. In this way, the medicine plays a role in slimming, elimination of toxicant and recuperation. The medicine is directly absorbed by bodies without entering the digestive system, and improves the effect of cupping without toxic and side effect. The medicine is remarkably effective and can improve the effect of slimming by cupping during practical application.
Participants with HER3 high, HER2 negative, HR positive status receive 4.8 mg/kg or 6.4 mg/kg of U3-1402 administered via intravenous (IV) solution at 3-week intervals. Participants with HER3 low, HER2 negative, HR positive status receive 6.4 mg/kg of U3-1402 administered via intravenous (IV) solution at 3-week intervals. Participants with HER3 high, HER2 negative, HR negative status receive 6.4 mg/kg of U3-1402 administration via intravenous (IV) solution at 3-week intervals.
PURPOSE:An antitumor agent having effects on reduction i n number of tumor cells, inhibitory ratio of tumor cells, prolongation of life, inhibition of tumor multiplication, etc. in tumor of animal and human, containing an anthranilic acid derivative as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION:An antitumor agent containing an anthranilic acid derivative shown by the formula (R is C, or N) or its salt as an active ingredient. When it is used, it is used in powder, fine granule, granule as oral administration, in ampule of injection, bottle, etc. as parenteral administration, and suppository, ointment, etc. may be used. An amount of the active ingredient is generally 0.01-100wt%., preferably 0.05-80wt% in the composition. a dose is preferably 0.5-500mg/kg daily in case of human.
INTRODUCTION: Stunting is the most prevalent form of malnutrition among infants and young children population, both globally and locally. It refers to low height-for-age children and is primarily caused by chronic under nutrition. The objective of this study is to determine the association between stunting and feeding problems and to explore the risk factors for stunting among children aged 6 to 59 months attending health clinics in the Kuantan district.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study involving 160 children that attended six health clinics in Kuantan from August to October 2021 with a ratio of 1 case: 3 controls. Data were collected from mothers using a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic and feeding assessment adapted from a validated World Health Organization (WHO) integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) assessment form. The data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 26.0. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with stunting. The odds ratio was used to measure the strength of the association between outcome and predictor variables. The significance value was set at p<0.05.
RESULTS: Children with identified feeding problems have more than four-time significantly higher risk of becoming stunted (Odds Ratios, OR: 4.2; 95% Confidence Intervals, 95%CI: 1.4, 12.8) as compared to children with no feeding problems. Specifically, children with inadequacy in feeding components; amount, variety and frequency of meal each have significantly six-time higher risk (OR: 6.2; 95%CI: 2.7, 14.5), four-time higher risk (OR: 4.2; 95%CI: 1.4, 12.3), and three-time higher risk (OR: 2.8; 95%CI: 1.1, 6.9), of becoming stunted as compared to children with adequate feeding. Additionally, with a decrease of one week in delivery week, one kilogram in birth weight and one centimetre in maternal height, there is a respectively significant 40.0% (OR: 0.6; 95%CI: 0.4, 0.9), 80.0% (OR: 0.2; 95%CI: 0.1, 0.7) and 11.0% (OR: 0.89; 95%CI: 0.82, 0.98) increase in the risk of become stunted among children.
CONCLUSION: Feeding problems specifically inadequate food amount, food variety and meal frequency not following the recommendation contribute to stunting in young children. Other factors identified are lower maternal height and children with lower birth weight and delivery week. This highlights the need for more excellent detection and intervention of nutritional concerns and risk factors to prevent stunting.
PURPOSE:To obtain a saccharide absorption suppressing composition suppressing intake of saccharide component caused by surplus nutrition, continuously exerting saccharide absorption suppressing action, consisting of a saccharide absorption suppressing component of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. or a substance containing the same and a fat-soluble compound, CONSTITUTION:A saccharide absorption suppressing component of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae or a substance (e.g. leaves of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.) containing the same is blended with one or more selected from fat-soluble compounds (e.g. cetyl alcohol or stearic acid) and an adhesive and/or an excipient and pharmaceutically manufactured by a conventional procedure to give the aimed substance. Preferably the blending ratio is 1-50wt.% fat-soluble compound based on leaf powder of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. and 20-80wt.% fat-soluble compound based on the saccharide absorption suppressing component itself. The composition can be prepared into a dosage form such as powder, tablet or granule.
Technology has become a driving force in surgery. From robotics to digital monitoring of oxygen saturation, it has revolutionized the way we care for patients. However, new technology comes at a cost to our healthcare system. It is therefore important to ensure that new devices actually improve outcomes. One example of this is minimally invasive surgery, which decreases morbidity to patients and reduces length of hospital stay. Unfortunately, despite this advance in lung surgery, delays in discharge from hospital are still prevalent due to prolonged air leaks. Many intra-operative methods have been explored in order to limit this issue with underwhelming success. This is why we are proposing a randomized controlled trial comparing a digital pleural collection system by ATMOS to traditional pleural collection devices by Atrium.

Our research question is: Can the use of a digital air leak monitoring system decrease hospital stay in patients undergoing anatomical lung resection when compared to traditional pleural drainage systems?
Headache is a general health problem that can be seen in different age groups, is common, depends on many factors, and has a lot of individual and socioeconomic effects. It is stated that the rate of individuals who experience a headache at least once in their lifetime is very high in the general population. Migraine is one of the most common types of primary headache. Neck pain and cervical dysfunctions in individuals with migraine have been the subject of many studies. It is seen that studies examining the relationship between cervical region musculoskeletal system disorders and headache in different types of headaches are increasing day by day. This study aims to determine the relationship among headache severity, head posture, cervical muscle endurance and neck disorders in individuals with migraine. In addition, the relationship between these parameters and quality of life will be examined.
We aim to study the characteristics and outcomes of patients with a Do-Not-Attempt Resuscitation and to determine its impact on the Cost of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. A retrospective study of all adult patients admitted to the hospital from June 2021 to May 2022 who had a Do-Not-Resuscitate order. We abstracted patients' socio-demographics, physiologic parameters, primary diagnosis, and comorbidities from the electronic medical records. We calculated the potential economic cost using the median ICU length of stay for the admitted IHCA patients during the study period. There were 28,866 acute admissions over the study period, and 788 patients had DNR orders. The median (IQR) age was 71 (55-82) years, and 50.3% were males. The most prevalent primary diagnosis was sepsis, 426 (54.3%), and cancer was the most common comorbidity. More than one comorbidities were present in 642 (80%) of the cohort. Of the DNR patients, 492 (62.4%) died, while 296 (37.6%) survived to discharge. Cancer was the primary diagnosis in 65 (22.2%) of those who survived, compared with 154 (31.3%) of those who died (P = 0.002). Over the study period, 153 patients had IHCA and underwent CPR, with an IHCA rate of 5.3 per 1,000 hospital admissions. Without a DNR policy, an additional 492 patients with cardiac arrest would have had CPR, resulting in an IHCA rate of 22.3 per 1000 hospital admissions. Most DNR patients in our setting had sepsis complicated by multiple comorbidities. The DNR policy reduced our IHCA incidence by 76% and prevented unnecessary post-resuscitation ICU care.
BACKGROUND: When taken as prescribed, endocrine therapy is effective in reducing risk of recurrence and mortality in the treatment of patients with breast cancer. However, treatment side effects can act as a barrier to medication adherence. Existing research has not identified any specific side effects as consistent predictors of nonadherence. Our aim was to explore the influence of symptom clusters on self-reported adherence in patients with breast cancer.
METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted, including patients with breast cancer currently or previously prescribed endocrine therapy (N = 1051). This included measures of self-reported endocrine therapy adherence and common symptoms among this population (insomnia, depression, anxiety, fatigue, musculoskeletal, and vasomotor symptoms).
RESULTS: Unintentional nonadherence was higher than intentional nonadherence (50.8 % vs 31.01 %). The most troublesome symptom was insomnia (73.83 % displayed probable insomnia disorder). K-means cluster analysis identified 2 symptom clusters: overall High symptoms, and overall Low symptoms. Participants in the Low symptoms cluster were significantly more likely to be classed as adherent based on unintentional and intentional items.
CONCLUSIONS: Nonadherence was high in the current sample, and significantly more likely in participants reporting overall severe symptoms. Clinicians should be aware of the scale of common side effects and facilitate open conversation about potential barriers to adherence. Follow-up care should include assessment of common symptoms and signpost patients to appropriate support or treatment when required. Future research should explore potential for a central symptom to act as a target for intervention, to relieve overall side effect burden and facilitate better medication adherence.