anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Carcinogenicity: Lamivudine: Long-term carcinogenicity studies with lamivudine in mice and rats showed no evidence of carcinogenic potential at exposures up to 10 times (mice) and 58 times (rats) those observed in humans at the recommended therapeutic dose for HIV-1 infection.

Zidovudine: Zidovudine was administered orally at 3 dosage levels to separate groups of mice and rats (60 females and 60 males in each group). Initial single daily doses were 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg/day in mice and 80, 220, and 600 mg/kg/day in rats. The doses in mice were reduced to 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg/day after day 90 because of treatment-related anemia, whereas in rats only the high dose was reduced to 450 mg/kg/day on day 91 and then to 300 mg/kg/day on day 279.

In mice, 7 late-appearing (after 19 months) vaginal neoplasms (5 nonmetastasizing squamous cell carcinomas, 1 squamous cell papilloma, and 1 squamous polyp) occurred in animals given the highest dose. One late-appearing squamous cell papilloma occurred in the vagina of a middle-dose animal. No vaginal tumors were found at the lowest dose.

In rats, 2 late-appearing (after 20 months), nonmetastasizing vaginal squamous cell carcinomas occurred in animals given the highest dose. No vaginal tumors occurred at the low or middle dose in rats. No other drug-related tumors were observed in either sex of either species.

At doses that produced tumors in mice and rats, the estimated drug exposure (as measured by AUC) was approximately 3 times (mouse) and 24 times (rat) the estimated human exposure at the recommended therapeutic dose of 100 mg every 4 hours.

It is not known how predictive the results of rodent carcinogenicity studies may be for humans.

Mutagenicity: Lamivudine: Lamivudine was mutagenic in an L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma assay and clastogenic in a cytogenetic assay using cultured human lymphocytes. Lamivudine was negative in a microbial mutagenicity assay, in an in vitro cell transformation assay, in a rat micronucleus test, in a rat bone marrow cytogenetic assay, and in an assay for unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat liver.

Zidovudine: Zidovudine was mutagenic in an L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma assay, positive in an in vitro cell transformation assay, clastogenic in a cytogenetic assay using cultured human lymphocytes, and positive in mouse and rat micronucleus tests after repeated doses. It was negative in a cytogenetic study in rats given a single dose.

Impairment of Fertility: Lamivudine: In a study of reproductive performance, lamivudine, administered to male and female rats at doses up to 130 times the usual adult dose based on body surface area considerations, revealed no evidence of impaired fertility (judged by conception rates) and no effect on the survival, growth, and development to weaning of the offspring.

Zidovudine: Zidovudine, administered to male and female rats at doses up to 7 times the usual adult dose based on body surface area considerations, had no effect on fertility judged by conception rates.
Subjects received obinutuzumab for 6 cycles and venetoclax for 12 cycles. Cycles comprised of 28 days.
Our proposed study aims to use 11C-acetate PET/CT for evaluation of treatment response to Ra-223 dichrolide therapy. 11C-acetate has been shown to have superior detection of osseous and non-osseous metastatic lesions as compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT and 99Tc-MDP imaging. 11C-acetate is generally \>80% sensitive for detection of metastatic lesions as compared to less than 70% for 18F-FDG PET/CT with higher tumor than tumor to background ratio14-19. The majority of interest in 11C-acetate PET/CT imaging is focused on the detection of distant metastatic disease in patients with biochemical relapse status post definitive local therapy18,20,21. In patients with 99Tc-MDP detected prostate bone metastases, Yu et al. have found that 11C-acetate PET/CT was superior to 18F-FDG PET/CT for evaluation of bone metastases treatment response regardless of hormonal or taxol based chemotherapy. In the Yu et al. pilot study, 11C-acetate PET/CT findings correlated with composite clinical designation of treatment response in 100% of patients22.

Our study will evaluate baseline standard uptake value (SUVmax) and change in SUVmax of 11C-acetate PET/CT at approximately 10 weeks weeks (+/- 3 weeks) , generally after two cycles of Ra-223 dichloride therapy. SUVmax will be recorded for a selected index lesion and an average of the 5 most 11C-acetate avid lesions, from the baseline scan. Evaluation of 11C-acetate uptake changes to therapy in this pilot study will allow sample size calculation for future trials correlating 11C-acetate changes to therapy to TTP, OS and symptomatic relief end points.
Ambulatory, HIV-infected adult patients with hemoglobin \<10 g/dL will be evaluated and managed in accordance with Mozambique's new anemia guideline for non-physician clinicians. The basic steps recommended by the guideline are: screen for danger signs and stabilize or admit if indicated; perform rapid malaria antigen test (and/or peripheral blood smear) and treat if indicated; evaluate for adverse drug reactions and manage per Mozambican national guidelines; consider nutritional deficiencies and intestinal parasites; evaluate response to therapy at \<=1 month.
OBJECTIVE: To describe, for the 2016-2018 period, the frequency, causes and risk factors of maternal deaths in France.
METHOD: Data from the National Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths for 2016-2018.
RESULTS: For 2016-2018, 272 maternal deaths occurred in France up to 1 year after the end of pregnancy, i.e a maternal mortality ratio of 11.8 per 100,000 live births (95 % CI 10.4-13.3), and 8.5 (IC 95 % 7.4-9.8) for maternal mortality up to 42 days. Compared to women aged 20-24, the risk of maternal death is multiplied by 2.6 for women aged 35-39, by 5 for women aged 40 and over. Obese women are twice as frequent among maternal deaths (26 %) than in the general population of parturients (11 %). There are territorial disparities -the maternal mortality ratio in the French overseas departments is 2 times higher than in metropolitan France (significant difference but smaller than in 2013-2015)-, and social disparities -the mortality of migrant women remains higher than that of women born in France, particularly for women born in sub-Saharan Africa whose risk is 3 times higher than that of native women. One in three women who died (34 %) had socio-economic vulnerability versus 22 % in the overall population of parturients. Among causes of maternal deaths, the predominant role of psychiatric conditions (mostly suicides) is confirmed for the period 2016-2018, leading cause of maternal mortality considered up to 1 year (17 %), MMR of 1.9/100,000 NV. i.e. approximately one death from psychiatric causes every 3 weeks. Cardiovascular diseases are the second leading cause of maternal mortality up to one year (14 %) and the leading cause up to 42 days (16 %), with 1.3 deaths per 100,000 NV. Amniotic fluid embolism ranks as the third cause (8 %) (2nd cause, 11 %, for MM limited to 42 days), i.e. MMR of 0.9 per 100,000 NV. After a regular decline over the last decade, maternal mortality from obstetric hemorrhage is at a stable level compared to the previous triennium 2013-2015, MMR of 0.9/100,000 NV, i.e 5th cause of MM up to one year (7 %) and 4th cause of MM up to 42 days.
CONCLUSION: The overall national maternal mortality ratio does not show a downward trend, even with constant surveillance method. Territorial inequalities persist but change in their magnitude and in the regions concerned. The profile of the causes of maternal mortality up to one year of the pregnancy end shows the leading role of suicides and cardiovascular diseases, which illustrates that the health of pregnant women or those who have recently given birth is not limited to the obstetric domain, and highlights the importance of multidisciplinarity in the management and organization of care for women in this period.
Participants received GLPG0634 matching placebo capsules, orally, twice daily (BID) during Weeks 1 to 12. Participants who were responders (having at least 20 percent \[%\] improvement on TJC68 and SJC66) remained on placebo while nonresponders were re-randomized to GLPG0634 100 milligram (mg) once daily (QD) or 50 mg BID during Weeks 13 to 24.
Embryos with a lower aneuploidy percentage (\<50%). This embryos will be considered for transfer to the uterus.
Standard carpal bone models will be used for student's anatomical practical training. Each student will examine the models with direct manipulation for 15 minutes after the theoretical lecture.
Accidental bleeding is an unavoidable problem in daily life. To avoid the risk of excessive blood loss, it is urgent to design a functional material that can quickly stop bleeding. In this study, an efficient wound dressing for hemostasis was investigated. Based on the characteristics that Ca2+ and fish skin collagen (FSC) could activate the coagulation mechanism, hemostatic cotton was prepared by solvent replacement method using CaCl2, FSC, soluble starch (SS), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as raw materials. The cytotoxicity test showed the Ca2+PVA/FSC-SS hemostatic cottons had good biocompatibility. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of Ca2+PVA/FSC-SS(4) was 35.34 s, which was 22.07 s faster than that of PVA/FSC-SS, indicating Ca2+PVA/FSC-SS mediated the endogenous coagulation system. In vitro coagulation test, Ca2+PVA/FSC-SS(4) could stop bleeding rapidly within 39.60 ± 5.16 s, and the ability of wound healing was higher than commercial product (Celox). This study developed a rapid procoagulant and hemostatic material, which had a promising application in a variety of environments.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare a medicine, excellent in therapeutic effects and hardly causing adverse effects by including a trehalose utilized as a preserving liquid for organs, an additive to pharmaceutical preparations, a cosmetic, etc., as an active ingredient. SOLUTION: This preventing or therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis comprises a trehalose as an active ingredient. The trehalose is nonreducing disaccharides widely distributing in natural products such as yeasts, molds, marine animals or seaweeds and can be obtained by a method for thermal extraction from the natural products with ethanol or fermentation with microorganisms. The trehalose concentration can be selected within the range of 0.5-100wt./vol.% when administering the agent as a solid pharmaceutical preparation and 0.5-20wt.% when administering the agent as a transfusion pharmaceutical preparation. Furthermore, the agent can be used for preventing recrudescence or relapse in the remitting period of the ulcerative colitis. The agent is capable of manifesting excellent effects by suppressing the formation of erosion in colitic mucous membranes.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, (HER2) is overexpressed /amplified in multiple carcinomas, for example, gastric cancer(GC), gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma(GEJA),and breast cancer.And HER2 is closely related to tumor proliferation \&metastases.About 90% Chinese esophagus cancer are squamous cell origin. The reported HER2 overexpression ranged from 5-30%, Beijing cancer hospital reported an 11% positive rate. The variety of HER2 positive rate may because of the absence of standard HER2 testing criteria. The current treatment for metastatic Esophageal squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is not satisfactory. Fluorouracil and platinum are considered as first line standard of care (SOC) with a 20-30% RR and 7-9 months overall survival (OS). In second line setting, there is no SOC in china. And the efficacy is not satisfactory. Esophageal adenocarcinoma has a higher HER2 positive rate of 14%, but no data reported of using trastuzumab in these patients in China. Biliary tract cancer (BTC), including intrahepatic/extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is very aggressive, total 5y survival is less than 5% for unresectable patients. GBC is account for approximately 2/3 of BTC, and it's estimated the incidence in china is 52800 and the mortality is 40700 in 2015. Most patients are diagnosed in advanced stage and lose the opportunity of surgery. However, there is no SOC for unresectable BTC, gemcitabine plus platinum provided a 30% RR and 10 month OS. In second line treatment, no differences were seen between various experimental agents. The reported HER2 positive rate range from 5.1% to 57% in biliary duct cancer and 4.7% to 64% in GBC. Researchers reported her2 amplification is related to tumor stage and lymph nodes metastasis in 221 BTC patients. Another study reported a 16.6% positive rate and worse prognosis with a sample size of 230 GBC patients. Meanwhile, HER2 pathway mutation rate reached 37%. All imply that BTC may be the potential anti HER therapy population. Besides, other digestive system tumor has low HER2 positive rate (Small intestinal cancer 0.9-3%; hepatocellular carcinoma 2.4%; Pancreatic cancer 3%; etc.). However, the patient pool is large and has no SOC in second Line. Whether these HER2 + patients can gain benefit form anti- her treatment is worth investigating. In 2016 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), a study reported that using trastuzumab and pertuzumab combination, 35% metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and 50% BTC patients who heavily pretreated had objective response. However, china doesn't have studies for these patients. .

The concurrent basket trial will explore the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab with chemotherapy in Chinese patients of pretreated, HER2 positive, relapse or metastatic carcinoma of digestive system.
Prevention of CMV Disease in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Patients: For pediatric kidney transplant patients 4 months to 16 years of age, the recommended once daily mg dose (7 x BSA x CrCl) should start within 10 days of post-transplantation until 200 days post-transplantation. 

Prevention of CMV Disease in Pediatric Heart Transplant Patients: For pediatric heart transplant patients 1 month to 16 years of age, the recommended once daily mg dose (7 x BSA x CrCl) should start within 10 days of transplantation until 100 days post-transplantation. 

The recommended once daily dosage of valganciclovir for oral solution is based on body surface area (BSA) and creatinine clearance (CrCl) derived from a modified Schwartz formula, and is calculated using the equation below:

Pediatric Dose (mg) = 7 x BSA x CrCl (calculated using a modified Schwartz formula). If the calculated Schwartz creatinine clearance exceeds 150 mL/min/1.73m 2, then a maximum value of 150 mL/min/1.73m 2 should be used in the equation. The k values used in the modified Schwartz formula are based on pediatric patient age, as shown in Table 1. 

Monitor serum creatinine levels regularly and consider changes in height and body weight and adapt the dose as appropriate during prophylaxis period.

All calculated doses should be rounded to the nearest 25 mg increment for the actual deliverable dose. The oral dispenser is graduated in 0.5 mL increments. A 50 mg dose is equivalent to 1 mL. If the calculated dose exceeds 900 mg, a maximum dose of 900 mg should be administered. Valganciclovir for oral solution is the preferred formulation since it provides the ability to administer a dose calculated according to the formula above; however, valganciclovir tablets may be used if the calculated doses are within 10% of available tablet strength (450 mg). For example, if the calculated dose is between 405 mg and 495 mg, one 450 mg tablet may be taken. Before prescribing valganciclovir tablets, pediatric patients should be assessed for the ability to swallow tablets.
Randall's plaques (RP) serve as anchoring sites for calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Renal interstitium with a high-calcium environment is identified as pathogenesis of RP formation where the role of human renal interstitial fibroblasts (hRIFs) was highlighted. Our study aims to elucidate the potential mechanism by which a high-calcium environment drives ectopic calcification of hRIFs to participate in RP formation. Alizarin Red staining demonstrated calcium nodules in hRIFs treated with high-calcium medium. Utilizing transcriptome sequencing, tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) was found to be upregulated in high-calcium-induced hRIFs and RP tissues, and TFPI-2 promoted high-calcium-induced calcification of hRIFs. Subsequently, the downstream regulator of TFPI2 was screened by transcriptome sequencing analysis of hRIFs with TFPI-2 knockdown or overexpressed. Dachsous Cadherin Related 1 (DCHS1) knockdown was identified to suppress the calcification of hRIFs enhanced by TFPI-2. Further investigation revealed that TFPI-2/DCHS1 axis promoted high-calcium-induced calcification of hRIFs via disturbing the balance of ENPP1/ALP activities, but without effect on the canonical osteogenic markers, such as osteopontin (OPN), osteogenic factors runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). In summary, our study mimicked the high-calcium environment observed in CaOx stone patients with hypercalciuria, and discovered that the high-calcium drove ectopic calcification of hRIFs via a novel TFPI-2-DCHS1-ALP/ENPP1 pathway rather than adaption of osteogenic phenotypes to participate in RP formation.
The two devices will be used separately in two different treatments. However one treatment visit can comprise both treatments. The BTL-899 will be applied over the abdomen, and the device will induce visible muscle contractions along with mild heating of the muscles. Four (4) treatments once a week will be delivered. The HPM-6000UF device will induce pelvic floor muscle contractions. Six (6) treatments 2-4 days apart will be delivered.
BACKGROUND: Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP) is increasingly becoming the standard surgical treatment for prostate cancer. While some risk factors for postoperative complications of RARP have been identified, no scoring model that incorporates both preoperative physical status of the patient and intraoperative risk factors has been developed. The Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress (E-PASS) score was initially described to predict postoperative complications after gastrointestinal surgical procedures. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the E-PASS score in predicting postoperative complications of RARP.
METHODS: A retrospective evaluation was conducted on 204 patients who underwent RARP between 2019 and 2022. Demographic data, parameters indicating patients' preoperative physical condition, and intraoperative risk factors were analyzed. The E-PASS score and subscores were calculated for each patient.
RESULTS: Of the patients, 164 (80.4%) were discharged without any postoperative complications (Group 1), and 40 (19.6%) experienced various degrees of complications (Group 2). Patients in Group 2 had higher rates of previous abdominal surgery, elevated Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance scores, longer surgical durations, and higher E-PASS scores. To assess the effectiveness of the Comprehensive Risk Score (CRS) as a predictive factor for postoperative complications, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and a cut-off value was established. The cut-off value for CRS was determined to be -0.0345 (area under the curve [AUC]=0.783, CI: 0.713-0.853; p<0.001). Patients with a CRS higher than the cut-off value had a 16.4 times higher rate of postoperative complications after RARP (95% CI: 5.58-48.5).
CONCLUSION: The E-PASS scoring model successfully predicts postoperative complications in patients undergoing RARP by using preoperative data about the physical status of the patient and surgical risk factors. The E-PASS score and its subscores could be utilized as objective criteria to determine the risk of postoperative complications before and immediately after surgery.
Colonoscopy is an invasive procedure that is currently performed for a variety of reasons that centre on the detection and treatment of bowel disorders. It is time-consuming and an expensive process to develop a skilled workforce that has both the skills and the resources to provide a satisfactory colonoscopy service to the general population. Colonoscopy is also an invasive procedure associated with some serious complications like bleeding and perforation. Endoscopy resources are limited by theater space, number of endoscopes and skilled workforce. With the introduction of bowel cancer screening programmes, colonoscopy capacity has been stretched to the limit, such that extremely long waiting lists are an increasingly growing problem.

The rationale for having the database in Portsmouth is because it is a large referral centre and already has an electronic hospital endoscopy reporting system. All useful information is already stored on this platform, but the relevant clinical information is not easy to analyse in the current format. Therefore, we plan to export relevant clinical information to a database to permit retrospective data analysis. There is no need to collect any prospective data as we can achieve the desired outcomes with the current information.The research database will facilitate definitions of clinical pathways to reduce the present burden of colonoscopy on the health care system.
The study will consist a Screening Phase (up to 4 months) followed by a Treatment Phase (12 weeks), and a Follow-up visit (within 1 week after the last dose). A total of 40 male and female subjects ≥18 years of age are planned to be enrolled. During the Screening Phase, subjects will be assessed for study eligibility. After signing the informed consent form, the following assessments will be performed: medical history including review of prior and current medications, physical examination including height and body weight, waist circumference, vital signs and an electrocardiogram. Clinical labs, routine chemistries, hematology, coagulation profile, urinalysis and a serum pregnancy test will be collected as well as cytokeratin-18 (CK-18), a biomarker for NASH diagnosis. An alcohol consumption questionnaire will be administered and a MRI scan of the liver will be performed. Serum fibrosis markers, the Fib-4 index (age, AST, ALT, PLT) and NAFLD fibrosis score (age, BMI, AST/ALT ratio, IFG/DM, PLT, Albumin) will be calculated.
Patients will perform cognitive exercises on the MEMO site at least 4 times per week for a month. During this month, patients will be contacted by phone on a weekly basis in order to maintain their motivation and ensure their treatment compliance. The time spent on the site during the month of evaluation will be quantified by the study investigator, via the professional profile created on the MEMO site, allowing to see the patient's activity on this same site.