anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
A single dose of Zoledronic Acid Injection should not exceed 5 mg and the duration of infusion should be no less than 15 minutes [see Dosage and Administration (2)].

Zoledronic Acid Injection is contraindicated in patients with creatinine clearance less than 35 mL/min and in those with evidence of acute renal impairment [see Contraindications (4)]. If history or physical signs suggest dehydration, Zoledronic Acid Injection therapy should be withheld until normovolemic status has been achieved [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].

Zoledronic Acid Injection should be used with caution in patients with chronic renal impairment. Acute renal impairment, including renal failure, has been observed following the administration of zoledronic acid, especially in patients with pre-existing renal compromise, advanced age, concomitant nephrotoxic medications, concomitant diuretic therapy, or severe dehydration occurring before or after Zoledronic Acid Injection administration. Acute renal failure (ARF) has been observed in patients after a single administration. Rare reports of hospitalization and/or dialysis or fatal outcome occurred in patients with underlying moderate to severe renal impairment or with any of the risk factors described in this section [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. Renal impairment may lead to increased exposure of concomitant medications and/or their metabolites that are primarily renally excreted [see Drug Interactions (7.4)].

Creatinine clearance should be calculated based on actual body weight using Cockcroft-Gault formula before each Zoledronic Acid Injection dose. Transient increase in serum creatinine may be greater in patients with impaired renal function; interim monitoring of creatinine clearance should be performed in at-risk patients. Elderly patients and those receiving diuretic therapy are at increased risk of acute renal failure. These patients should have their fluid status assessed and be appropriately hydrated prior to administration of Zoledronic Acid Injection. Zoledronic Acid Injection should be used with caution with other nephrotoxic drugs [see Drug Interactions (7.3)]. Consider monitoring creatinine clearance in patients at-risk for ARF who are taking concomitant medications that are primarily excreted by the kidney [see Drug Interactions (7.4)].
The present invention relates to a red peony total glycoside powder injection preparation containing any additive auxiliary material so as to raise stability and safety of said injection preparation. The described red peony total glycoside is any one of glycoside components obtained by extracting paeonia lactiflora pall. Or paeonia veitchii lynch or combination of arbitrary several kinds. In the invented red peony total glycoside powder injection preparation the red peony total glycoside content is 80-99.9%, in which the paeoniflorin content is 70-99.9%. Besides, it also contains small quantity of benzoic acid, paenol and water. Said powder injection preparation has the effect for resisting thrombosis, and can be used for curing the diseases of cerebral thrombotic infarct, etc.
A considerable body of preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that dysregulated activity of noradrenergic systems in the brain is involved in the development of mood disturbance, anxiety, and fear. Neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies of the noradrenergic system provide a basis for relating increased activity of this system to the behavioral expression of fear and anxiety and the somatic symptoms and cardiovascular changes that accompany severe anxiety states. Previously, extensive research has been done on the role of noradrenergic mechanisms in panic disorder (PD), and it has been suggested that in at least a subgroup of PD patients an abnormality of noradrenergic mechanisms may exist. Studies in patients with PD using the alpha2-adrenoreceptor (AR) antagonist yohimbine showed that a subgroup of PD patients exhibit abnormalities in the regulation of noradrenergic function. Yohimbine, which activates noradrenergic neurons, has been shown to produce greater increases in anxiety, somatic symptoms, blood pressure and plasma levels of the noradrenergic metabolite MHPG in some patients with PD relative to healthy controls. The effect of yohimbine on brain regions hypothesized to be involved in the pathogenesis of PD has not been determined in PD patients using modern neuroimaging techniques. The anxiogenic effects of yohimbine do not occur in all PD patients, although the neurobiological basis for this differential response to yohimbine has not been identified.

This research project proposes to address these two unresolved questions. The effects of yohimbine on regional cerebral glucose metabolism will be determined in PD patients and healthy controls. In addition, preliminary data will be obtained as to whether the behavioral and cerebral metabolic responses to yohimbine relate to functional polymorphisms of the COMT gene which affect catecholamine metabolism.

It is predicted that yohimbine will produce decreases in cerebral metabolism in the prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate. Healthy controls will exhibit an inverse direction of change in these brain regions. These findings would be similar to those we have previously observed in PTSD patients and may reflect an altered dose-response effect of yohimbine in PD and PTSD relative to controls since preclinical pharmacological studies of stress have shown that high levels of norepinephrine release in the brain decrease brain metabolism whereas lower levels increase brain metabolism. In terms of polymorphisms of the COMT and other catecholamine systems-related gene polymorphisms, it is predicted that the low-activity COMT (met allele) alleles will be associated with greater behavioral and cerebral metabolic responses to yohimbine.
Patients participate in an orientation session introducing the exercise program and protocol, reviewing fundamental principles, and demonstrating each activity. Patients also receive educational materials to facilitate orientation and adherence. Patients are offered 20-50 minute standard, intermediate, and/or low intensity physical activity sessions 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Patients also receive lifestyle-related counseling for 20-30 minutes once weekly.
Saline group: saline 50 μg/kg /min were intravenously administered before Operation beginning. If HR（heart rate）is greater than 90 beats/min, saline 50μg/kg /min is added each time, with interval more than 5 min and the peak value is 200 μg/kg/min. If the heart rate is lower than 60 times/minute, Stop medication.
A method for producing coenzyme Q10 by using stock culture from solid phase fermentation. The strain used in this method is  Rhodobacter sphaeroides . Strain passaging is carried out by culturing in a slant medium. After steam cooking and air drying, solid medium is subpackaged and sterilized, wherein said solid medium includes solid components and liquid components. The fresh culture of  Rhodobacter sphaeroides  on the slant medium is added with sterile water, and the resultant bacterial suspension is added into the solid medium, cultured and used as stock culture for primary fermentation. The method of the present invention can enhance the fermentation level of coenzyme Q10, reduce the cascades of fermentation, shorten production cycle, simplify production processes, and lower production cost.
The Pallas' spadefoot Pelobates vespertinus is a frog species native to eastern Europe and west Siberia. This species resists harsh winter conditions by moving up to 2 m underground. This amphibian is the first species known to withstand extreme air hypoxia. In this study, we investigated the metabolome of liver, heart, and brain of the Pallas' spadefoot after a month-long exposure of hypoxia, with oxygen levels reduced to approximately one-tenth of the air normal content. Surprisingly, our findings revealed a limited impact of hypoxia on the metabolomic profiles. Concentrations of glycolysis end products (lactate and alanine) increased only slightly compared to other amphibians under hypoxia, and no accumulation of succinate was observed. Furthermore, there were no notable changes in the content of adenosine phosphates. These results are consistent with a previous study, which indicated that the Pallas' spadefoot possesses relatively small glycogen and fat reserves before the winter compared to other frogs. It appears that this species conserves energy during winter by minimizing its metabolic activity. These findings corroborated the hypothesis that the survival of P. vespertinus under hypoxic conditions primarily relies on metabolic suppression rather than substantial energy reserves.
PURPOSE: An extract of a pine tree having α- glucosidase inhibition activity and a preparation method thereof are provided, thereby inhibiting the absorption of glucose into blood, maintaining the α- glucosidase inhibition activity of the pine tree extract at high temperature and under acid condition, and cheaply extracting the pine tree using a small amount of organic solvent. CONSTITUTION: The method for preparing a pine tree extract having α- glucosidase inhibition activity comprises the steps of: (a) adding water into the skin or leaves of a pine tree, and sodium hydroxide into the solution to regulate the pH value of the solution to pH 8 to 11 to obtain a water extract; (b) adding hydrochloric acid into the water extract to regulate the pH value of the extract to pH 2 to 4 and centrifuging it to collect the precipitate; (c) adding ethanol into the precipitate, centrifuging the mixture and concentrating the supernatant under reduced pressure; and (d) adding hexane into the concentrate, wherein the pine tree is selected from Korean or Japanese red pine(Pinus densiflora), Pinus koraiensis, Korean or Japanese black pine(Pinus thunbergii), Pinus rigida, Pinus bungeana, Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc., Pinus parviflora, Pinus pumila, Taxus cuspidata, Taxus caespitosa, Taxus cuspidata var. latifolia, Dahurian Larch. Pinus tabulaeformis carr, Pinus massoniana Lamb, Cedrus deodara(Roxb.) Loud, Pinus pumila(pull) Regel, and Pinus yunnanensis French.
Remimazolam is administered at 6-12 mg/kg/h intravenously for anesthesia induction and at 1.0-2.0 mg/kg/h for maintenance of general anesthesia. The dose is titrated to maintain Bispectral Index value between 40 and 60.
For each hospital, the intervention will be to pair a 2-day technical resuscitation skills training adapted from the ACLS/AHA and a 3-day VAST course for a multidisciplinary team of 20 participants (i.e., nurses, doctors, non-physician anesthesia providers). Participants' resuscitation skills will be tested at 4 time points: immediately before the ACLS course, immediately after the ACLS course, immediately after the VAST Course, and at 4 months post training.
OBJECTIVES: US with shear wave elastography (SWE) could reduce the burden and costs of the diagnostic process for patients with rotator cuff disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the validity of US and SWE in preoperative assessment of fatty infiltration (FI) and muscle atrophy of the supraspinatus (SSP) and infraspinatus (ISP) muscles.
METHODS: Patients with a rotator cuff disorder and a recent shoulder CT or MRI scan were eligible to participate. Goutallier and Warner stages of the SSP and ISP muscle were measured on the scan, for assessment of FI and muscle atrophy, respectively. These findings were compared with shear wave velocities (SWVs) assessed on US. Visual assessment of FI on US was compared with the Goutallier stage. To quantify the amount of muscle atrophy, the occupation ratio between SSP fossa and muscle was measured on MRI and US.
RESULTS: Seventy-eight shoulders were included in the analysis. The correlation found between the occupation ratio on US and Warner and Goutallier stage and ratio on MRI ranged between r =  - 0.550 to 0.589. The Goutallier stage of ISP and SSP muscle assessed on US showed a fair correlation with the Goutallier stage on a scan of r = 0.574 and r = 0.582, respectively. There was a poor correlation between the SWVs and scan results (r =  - 0.116 to 0.07).
CONCLUSION: SWE is not a valid method to measure the amount of FI or muscle atrophy in the SSP muscle. Therefore, SWE is not a suitable alternative for MRI in standard preoperative diagnostics in rotator cuff pathologies.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Shear wave elastography should not be used in the diagnostics of rotator cuff pathologies.
KEY POINTS: • There is a fair correlation between the Goutallier stage of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle assessed on MRI and CT and visual assessment of fatty infiltration achieved on US. • Shear wave elastography is not a valid tool for the determination of the amount of fatty infiltration or muscle atrophy. • Shear wave elastography should not be used as a cheaper and less burdensome alternative for diagnostics in rotator cuff pathologies.
All patients underwent quadrantectomy or mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. They received diclofenac 2 x 75 mg intravenously on the first day after surgery. During the 3 subsequent days, from day 2 to day 4 postoperatively patients were given 3 x 50 mg diclofenac tablets orally. The medicine was delivered by the nurse, and the patients drank tablets in front of her.
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of gastric cancer patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in three hospitals from January 2009 to June 2020. The data from one hospital were randomly divided into a training cohort and an internal validation cohort in a 7:3 ratio, while the data from the other two centers were used as an external validation cohort. In the training cohort, COX proportional risk models were employed to identify key indicators of SOSS and independent prognostic factors influencing patients' OS and DFS. Subsequently, based on the results of the multifactor COX analysis, two predictive models for OS and DFS were developed. The predictive efficacy, calibration, and clinical utility of the models were evaluated using ROC curves, calibration curves, and decision curves in the internal and external validation cohorts, respectively. Both models demonstrated good discriminative ability between postoperative survival and recurrence risk, outperforming TNM staging in terms of predictive accuracy.
Improvement of suboptimal type 2 diabetes (T2D) management and outcomes in rural areas in the United States (US) is an urgent national health policy priority. Novel approaches such as telehealth and supportive clinical management of T2D by non-physician providers have been recommended to fill gaps in care. With specialty in drug therapy, clinical pharmacists are in a position to uniquely contribute to filling gaps in T2D management related to medication therapy, which are common and often the cause of adverse outcomes in patients with T2D. The objective of this pilot study is to determine the feasibility, acceptability, appropriateness, fidelity, barriers and facilitators of implementation, and preliminary effectiveness of a telehealth-based clinical pharmacy intervention to inform the design of a subsequently planned fully powered effectiveness-implementation trial of the intervention. This pilot study will involve randomization based on the days the patients had encounters at participating practices (4 in North Carolina). The 2 study arms will be: 1) Usual care, receiving standard practice of care managed by physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants with access to chronic disease management services and 2) Intervention arm, receiving the intervention consisting of clinical pharmacy services including identification and resolution of medication-related problems and patient needs, optimization of medication regimen and T2D education and self-management support, in addition to usual care. The intervention will last for 3 months and will consist of biweekly video/phone calls between patients and the pharmacist. Based on recommendations from literature on pilot studies, the total planned sample size is 240 patients. Implementation science framework by Proctor and colleagues and scales by Weiner and colleagues (for feasibility, acceptability, appropriateness, and fidelity) and Consolidated Framework for implementation Research (for barriers and facilitators of intervention implementation) will guide collection of data on outcomes. for using complementary medicine and healthcare avoidance. The results of our work will facilitate wide implementation of the intervention and thereby improved outcomes.
Participants are randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B using the Microsoft Excel randomization function. Group A will be instructed to consume 4 tablespoons of red wine vinegar (2 tablespoons diluted in water at the start of the lunch and the dinner meals) for the first 4 days of the trial. Conversely, participants in Group B will ingest the placebo for the initial 4 days, ingesting one pill daily upon waking in the morning. On days 5-9, participants will switch to the opposite treatment. The red wine vinegar dosage (4 tablespoons containing 3.5 g acetic acid - this is the amount of acetic acid in a large 4-inch dill pickle), and the placebo vinegar pill dosage (one pill containing 0.022 g acetic acid) will be taken daily during the trial. On visit 1, anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, and body composition (lean fat mass and body fat mass), will be measured, and the continuous glucose monitor will be placed on the upper arm. The participants will be instructed to fast \>8 hours (no food or beverages with the exception of water) ahead of visit 1. To ensure accurate use and data collection, researchers discussed the operation of CGM devices and that these waterproof devices are to be continuously worn during the entire 9-day trial and will be removed on day 9 (visit 2).
Hereditary orotic aciduria (uridine monophosphate synthase deficiency) is a rare congenital autosomal recessive disorder of pyrimidine metabolism caused by a defect in uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS). The UMPS gene encodes uridine 5′monophosphate synthase, a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the final two steps of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in mammalian cells.

The defect in UMP synthase in hereditary orotic aciduria has two primary biochemical consequences. First, the blockade of de novo UMP synthesis results in a systemic deficiency of pyrimidine nucleotides, accounting for most clinical consequences of the disease. Second, orotic acid from the de novo pyrimidine pathway that cannot be converted to UMP is excreted in the urine, accounting for the common name of the disorder, orotic aciduria. Orotic acid crystals in the urine can cause episodes of obstructive uropathy.

XURIDEN delivers uridine into the circulation, where it can be used by essentially all cells to make uridine nucleotides, compensating for the genetic deficiency in synthesis in patients with hereditary orotic aciduria. When intracellular uridine nucleotides are restored into the normal range, overproduction of orotic acid is reduced by feedback inhibition, so that urinary excretion of orotic acid is also reduced.
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a refractory disease affecting young adults, resulting in severe hip pain, femoral head collapse, and disabling dysfunction. By far, the underlying mechanism of its pathology is unclear, and still lack of a mature and effective treatment. Exosomes, a regulator of cell-cell communication, their cargos may vary in response to different physiological or pathological conditions. To date, many studies have demonstrated that exosomes have the potential to become a diagnostic marker and therapeutic agent in many human diseases including ONFH. As a cell-free therapeutic agent, exosomes are becoming a promising tool within this field due to their crucial role in osteogenesis and angiogenesis in recent decades. Usually, exosomes from ONFH tissues could promote ONFH damage, while stem cells derived exosomes could delay diseases and repair femoral head necrosis. Herein, we describe the properties of exosomes, discuss its effect on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment potential in ONFH, and examine the involvement of different signaling pathways. We also propose our suggestions for the future research of exosomes in ONFH field and hope to provide a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with ONFH.
The COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing widespread lockdown measures have had a negative impact on the mental health of children and adolescents. We thus conducted a meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of sleep disturbances in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. We performed a systematic literature search of the major international (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science) and Chinese (Chinese Nation Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WANFANG) databases from their commencement dates to 27 December 2022. Altogether, 57 articles covering 206,601 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of sleep disturbances was 34.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 28-41%). The prevalence of parent-reported sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly higher than that of self-reported (p = 0.005) sleep disturbances. Epidemiological studies jointly conducted across Asia and Europe had a higher prevalence of sleep disturbances compared to those conducted in Asia, Europe, America, Oceania, or South America alone (p < 0.001). Children had a significantly higher prevalence of sleep disturbances compared to adolescents alone or a mixed cohort of children and adolescents (p = 0.022). Meta-regression analyses revealed that mean age (p < 0.001), quality evaluation score (p < 0.001), and percentage of men (p < 0.001) showed negative associations, while time of survey (B = 1.82, z = 34.02, p < 0.001) showed a positive association with the prevalence of sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances were common in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.
BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe diabetic complication disorder. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) actively participate in DN pathogenesis. In this report, we sought to define a new mechanism of circ_0003928 in regulating high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cells.
METHODS: To construct a DN cell model, we treated HK-2 cells with HG. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. The inflammatory cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Protein analysis was performed by immunoblotting, and mRNA expression was detected by quantitative PCR. The circ_0003928/miR-31-5p and miR-31-5p/MAPK6 relationships were validated by RNA pull-down and luciferase assays.
RESULTS: HG promoted HK-2 cell apoptosis, fibrosis and oxidative stress. Circ_0003928 and MAPK6 levels were enhanced and miR-31-5p level was decreased in HK-2 cells after HG treatment. Circ_0003928 disruption promoted cell growth and inhibited apoptosis, inflammatory response, fibrosis and oxidative stress in HG-induced HK-2 cells. Circ_0003928 targeted miR-31-5p, and MAPK6 was a target of miR-31-5p. Circ_0003928 regulated MAPK6 expression through miR-31-5p. The functions of circ_0003928 disruption in HG-induced HK-2 cells were reversed by miR-31-5p downregulation or MAPK6 upregulation.
CONCLUSION: Circ_0003928 exerts regulatory impacts on HG-induced apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress in human HK-2 cells by the miR-31-5p/MAPK6 axis.