anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
If the participants take part in this study, they will be invited to participate in an interview. They will be asked to share about what they know about teleconsultations and what they feel/think about using telemedicine services to manage their cancer surveillance. This will allow the investigators to have an in-depth understanding of their attitudes towards telemedicine. The interview will be conducted by a trained research assistant, either in a clinical consultation room for their privacy or over the phone. The interview will be audio-recorded for data analysis and will take approximately 20-25 minutes in a single session. During the interview, the investigators will not mention the participants by name but will be using salutations to address them. The investigators will also collect the participants' basic personal information (e.g., age, gender) on a demographic form for data analysis.

We will also access your medical records for your personal medical history, as well as clinical data including your disease staging, date of diagnosis, surgery details and treatment received. The information accessed will start from your first admission to NUH for CRC till the completion of any adjuvant treatment and/or CRC-related treatment. The information will subsequently be coded and be made known only to the study team for data analysis.

Any individually-identifiable data obtained during the course of this study will be stored and analysed for the purposes of this study and will not be used for future biomedical research. The participants' participation in the study will last for a single session of approximately 20 to 25 minutes. They will only be required to participate in a single interview. They will not be required to make an additional trip back to NUH to participate in this study. The interview will be administered either during their routine follow up visits or over the phone, depending on their preference. No additional cost will need to be borne by them.
OBJECTIVE: Seizures can be triggered by a variety of endogenous or exogenous factors. We hypothesized that alterations in the gut microbiome may be a seizure precipitant and analyzed the composition and characteristics of the gut microbiome in epilepsy patients who experienced an abrupt seizure exacerbation without a clear seizure precipitant.
METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 25 adult patients with epilepsy and collected fecal samples on the admission and after seizure recovery for next-generation sequencing analysis. We performed nonparametric paired t-test analysis to evaluate changes in the gut microbiota as seizures worsened and when it recovered and also estimated alpha and beta diversities in each category.
RESULTS: A total of 19 patients (13 males) aged between 19 and 78 years (mean 45.2 years) were included in the study. The composition of the gut microbiota underwent a significant change following an abrupt seizure exacerbation. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Fusobacteria and Synergistetes was decreased in the seizure recovery state compared to the acute seizure exacerbation. A similar trend was observed at the lower hierarchical levels, with a decrease in the relative abundance of Fusobacteria, Tissierellia, and Synergistia at the class level, and that of Synergistales, Tissierellales, and Fusobacteriales at the order level. At the family level, the relative abundance of Fusobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae was decreased, whereas that of Leuconostocaceae was increased. No statistical differences were observed in alpha and beta diversity between the pre- and post-acute seizure exacerbation periods.
SIGNIFICANCE: Our study suggests that the changes in Fusobacteriaceae and Lecuonostocaceae may be associated with acute seizure exacerbation in epilepsy patients. Given that Fusobacteriaceae are associated with various systemic diseases due to their invasive properties and that Leuconostocaceae are known to produce GABA, our results may suggest a gut microbiome-based treatment option for epilepsy patients.
Patients undergo SBRT every other day over 2 weeks for a total of 5 fractions and receive capecitabine PO every 12 hours 5 days a week for 2 weeks. Patients then undergo definitive surgery after a minimum of 2 weeks from the completion of SBRT.
WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT?: This summary is about a study that was published in the medical journal The Oncologist in July 2023. The combination of palbociclib with an aromatase inhibitor (AI) was approved by the FDA in 2015 as a treatment for people with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, the effectiveness of palbociclib in African-Americans with MBC is not well studied. The goal of this study was to find out whether adding palbociclib to an AI helped African-Americans with HR+/HER2- MBC live longer.
WHAT ARE THE KEY TAKEAWAYS?: This study used de-identified medical information from the Flatiron Database. This database contains healthcare information on people with cancer treated by doctors in the United States but personal information is removed to maintain privacy. Medical information for people who received certain treatments in routine clinical practice or real-world setting was included in the study.This study showed that in the real-world setting, African-Americans with HR+/HER2- MBC lived longer when receiving palbociclib with an AI than with an AI alone. Also, the study showed that African-Americans treated with palbociclib plus an AI lived longer without their cancer getting worse than those treated with an AI alone.
WHAT WAS THE MAIN CONCLUSION REPORTED BY THE RESEARCHERS?: These results support the use of palbociclib with an AI as a first treatment for African-Americans with HR+/HER2- MBC.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05361655 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Despite numerous techniques for enamel protection, such as topical fluorides, calcium phosphate-based remineralization systems, xylitol, etc., occlusal caries still remains a problem. A carious lesion occurs in pits and fissures of occlusal surfaces primarily due to their specific anatomy, which is considered to be an ideal site for the retention of bacteria and food remnants rendering mechanical means of debridement inaccessible. Sealing pits and fissures is considered to be an effective way of preventing caries development. Today, there is a wide spectrum of available sealing materials. Glass-ionomer cements are mainly recommended for pits and fissures sealing for two reasons. First, they are less susceptible to moisture which allows their use in noncooperable children or in partially erupted teeth where isolation could be a problem, and secondly, due to their potential to act as a fluoride reservoir making enamel more resistant to demineralisation. During last decades, glass-ionomer cements of different physical and chemical properties were used for pits and fissure sealing which probably contributed to variances in their clinical efficacy. The purpose of the study is to clinically examine the caries-preventive effect of a glass-ionomer material for fissure protection in newly erupted permanent molars in children with low, moderate, and high caries-risk.
Recovery of consciousness can be impaired in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Prognostic factors are sparse and mostly clinical (mainly the initial Glasgow coma scale GCS) (1). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) could allow a better understanding of functional recovery. Graph method has been applied to fMRI signal analysis in disorder of consciousness (DOC) due to post-anoxic encephalopathy. Comatose state was characterized by dramatic change in local connectivity (hub location) without significant change in global connectivity (2). The present study aims at describing functional connectivity in DOC following severe TBI. We will record resting state fMRI in TBI patients in two clinical conditions: conscious state versus DOC state.
The ability to perceive pain presents an interesting evolutionary advantage to adapt to an ever-changing environment. However, in the case of chronic pain (CP), pain perception hinders the capacity of the system to adapt to changing sensory environments. Similar to other chronic perceptual disorders, CP is also proposed to be a maladaptive compensation to aberrant sensory predictive processing. The local-global oddball paradigm relies on learning hierarchical rules and processing environmental irregularities at a local and global level. Prediction errors (PE) between actual and predicted input typically trigger an update of the forward model to limit the probability of encountering future PEs. It has been hypothesised that CP hinders forward model updating, reflected in increased local deviance and decreased global deviance. In the present study, we used the local-global paradigm to examine how CP influences hierarchical learning relative to healthy controls. As hypothesised, we observed that deviance in the stimulus characteristics evoked heightened local deviance and decreased global deviance of the stimulus-driven PE. This is also accompanied by respective changes in theta phase locking that is correlated with the subjective pain perception. Changes in the global deviant in the stimulus-driven-PE could also be explained by dampened attention-related responses. Changing the context of the auditory stimulus did not however show a difference in the context-driven PE. These findings suggest that CP is accompanied by maladaptive forward model updating where the constant presence of pain perception disrupts local deviance in non-nociceptive domains. Furthermore, we hypothesise that the auditory-processing based biomarker identified here could be a marker of domain-general dysfunction that could be confirmed by future research.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an improved method capable of producing neuroprogenitor cells, and terminally differentiated neural cells from pluripotent stem cells (e.g. human stem cells), etc.  <P>SOLUTION: The improved method for producing the neuroprogenitor cells and terminally differentiated neural cells (e.g. dopaminergic neural cells and serotoninergic neural cells) from the pluripotent stem cells (e.g. human embryonic stem cells) in a good efficiency is provided. By using the method, a cell population containing tyrosine hydroxylase (a specific marker of dopaminergic neural cells) positive cells in a high ratio is isolated. Since the neuroprogenitor cells and terminally differentiated cells can be expressed in large amounts, it is possible that the method can be used as an excellent supplying source for a cell replacement therapy in neuropathies such as Parkinson's disease.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Cerebral organoids co-cultured with patient derived glioma stem cells (GLICOs) are an experimentally tractable research tool useful for investigating the role of the human brain tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma. Here we describe long-term GLICOs, a novel model in which COs are grown from embryonic stem cell cultures containing low levels of GSCs and tumor development is monitored over extended durations (ltGLICOs). Single-cell profiling of ltGLICOs revealed an unexpectedly long latency period prior to GSC expansion, and that normal organoid development was unimpaired by the presence of low numbers of GSCs. However, as organoids age they experience chronic hypoxia and oxidative stress which remodels the tumor microenvironment to promote GSC expansion. Receptor-ligand modelling identified astrocytes, which secreted various pro-tumorigenic ligands including FGF1, as the primary cell type for GSC crosstalk and single-cell multi-omic analysis revealed these astrocytes were under the control of ischemic regulatory networks. Functional validation confirmed hypoxia as a driver of pro-tumorigenic astrocytic ligand secretion and that GSC expansion was accelerated by pharmacological induction of oxidative stress. When controlled for genotype, the close association between glioma aggressiveness and patient age has very few proposed biological explanations. Our findings indicate that age-associated increases in cerebral vascular insufficiency and associated regional chronic cerebral hypoxia may contribute to this phenomenon.
Group A (physiotherapy as usual), customary treatment. The staff at the Neurosurgical clinic will give the patient ordinary pre- and postoperative information. The physiotherapist at the Neurosurgical clinic informs the patients what to avoid the first weeks after surgery and the importance of a good posture and ergonomic thinking in daily life. The patient is also instructed how to do exercises for the shoulder range of motion. Patients have ordinary post-surgery visit to the surgeon and to the physiotherapist about 6 weeks after the surgery, where physiotherapist instructs the patient in exercises for active neck range of motion.
The active group recieved real-rTMS over the motor cortical area corresponding to the hand of painful side. Each train consist of 2000 pulses at 20 Hz and 80% RMT (total duration 10s). The treatment was repeated every day for 5 consecutive days in week for two weeks (the total number of sessions had be given was 10 sessions).
Zolpidem Tartrate Extended-Release Tablets contain zolpidem tartrate, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor positive modulator of the imidazopyridine class. Zolpidem Tartrate Extended-Release Tablets are available in 6.25 mg and 12.5 mg strength tablets for oral administration.

Chemically, zolpidem is N,N,6-trimethyl-2-p-tolylimidazo[1,2-a] pyridine-3-acetamide L-(+)-tartrate (2:1). It has the following structure:

Zolpidem tartrate is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water, alcohol, and propylene glycol. It has a molecular weight of 764.88.

Zolpidem Tartrate Extended-Release Tablet consists of a coated two-layer tablet: one layer that releases its drug content immediately and another layer that allows a slower release of additional drug content. The 6.25 mg Zolpidem Tartrate Extended-Release Tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, potassium bitartrate, red ferric oxide, sodium starch glycolate, and titanium dioxide. The 12.5 mg Zolpidem Tartrate Extended-Release Tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, FD&C Blue #2, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, potassium bitartrate, sodium starch glycolate, titanium dioxide, and yellow ferric oxide.
INTRODUCTION: To date, recurrent neck abscesses associated with branchial anomalies are treated using a variety of techniques. Management strategies may include various imaging modalities and surgical methods. Endoscopic assessment and electrocauterization are the preferred diagnostic modalities and treatment strategies that have recently gained widespread acceptance and popularity.
METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: This was a retrospective review on patients' medical record from 2016 to 2023. Seven patients underwent endoscopic cauterization at our centre, a tertiary academic institution. Five of the patients (71.5%) achieved complete remission. Two patients experienced recurrence within 6 months that necessitated re-cauterization once but subsequently recovered completely. Currently, endoscopic management is the preferred approach compared to the typical open neck excision surgery as it is significantly less invasive, resulting in lesser morbidity and similar success rates. At presentation, all of them had ultrasound neck that suggestive of neck abscess. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging unable to provide adequate information about the side of internal opening of fistula where only 3 out of 7 patients demonstrated tract up to the ipsilateral region of pyriform fossa.
DISCUSSION: Management outcomes of this limited case series showed the potential benefits of endoscopic cauterization as the minimally invasive therapeutic method for recurrent neck abscesses caused by third and fourth branchial cleft fistulas but also to suggest the possibility as the first diagnostic tool prior to imaging studies.
A complex interplay between various processes underlies the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its progressive course. Several lines of evidence point to the coupling between Aβ aggregation and neuroinflammation and its role in maintaining brain homeostasis during the long prodromal phase of AD. Little is however known about how this protective mechanism fails and as a result, an irreversible and progressive transition to clinical AD occurs. Here, we introduce a minimal model of a coupled system of Aβ aggregation and inflammation, numerically simulate its dynamical behavior, and analyze its bifurcation properties. The introduced model represents the following events: generation of Aβ monomers, aggregation of Aβ monomers into oligomers and fibrils, induction of inflammation by Aβ aggregates, and clearance of various Aβ species. Crucially, the rates of Aβ generation and clearance are modulated by inflammation level following a Hill-type response function. Despite its relative simplicity, the model exhibits enormously rich dynamics ranging from overdamped kinetics to sustained oscillations. We then specify the region of inflammation- and coupling-related parameters space where a transition to oscillatory dynamics occurs and demonstrate how changes in Aβ aggregation parameters could shift this oscillatory region in parameter space. Our results reveal the propensity of coupled Aβ aggregation-inflammation systems to oscillatory dynamics and propose prolonged sustained oscillations and their consequent immune system exhaustion as a potential mechanism underlying the transition to a more progressive phase of amyloid pathology in AD. The implications of our results in regard to early diagnosis of AD and anti-AD drug development are discussed.
The present invention relates to a kidney-tonifying and resuscitation-inducing pill and medicinal strip cooperating with acupuncture for treating neurological tinnitus, and belongs to the technical field of assisted Chinese herbal medicine preparation for acupuncture treatment of neurological tinnitus. The kidney-tonifying and resuscitation-inducing pill is characterized by using Radix Astragali and prepared rehmannia root as monarch drugs, which are supplemented by additional 17 Chinese herbal medicines. The medicinal strip uses dahurian angelica root as the monarch drug; herba asari cum radice, borneol, Euphorbia kansui and dahurian angelica root are ground into powder; and raw rehmannia root slice is wrapped by gauze into a strip. The scalp acupuncture employs a mild reinforcing-reducing method, and abdominal acupuncture uses a method drawing qi to its origin, the methods are combined for treating neurological tinnitus. The pill and medicinal strip have the effects of invigorating blood circulation, relaxing veins, tonifying kidney, strengthening tendons, nourishing the liver, relieving dizziness, and conducing circulation of nine orifices. Aiming at the of neurological tinnitus, the pill and medicinal strip tonify kidney, replenish essence, relax vein and induce resuscitation, have good treatment effect on deafness dizziness, headache and sickness caused by neurological tinnitus, achieve stable prognosis and the purpose of simultaneous treatment of principal and subordinate symptoms, and solve the problem that single application cannot achieve stable prognosis and the purpose of simultaneous treatment of principal and subordinate symptoms and have high recurrence rate.
Stage 3 or stage 4 non-small cell lung cancer patients, being administered checkpoint inhibitor therapy for the first time. Dosage form, dosage, frequency and duration will be either standard of care and accessed via normal commissioning arrangements, or will be part of an ethics-approved clinical trial, where co-enrollment into an observational study is permitted.
The waiting list-control group will receive general medical services for the first 3 months and will receive the Smart Homespital system for 3-6 months. Primary and secondary variables will be evaluated between 3, 6, and 9 months.
BACKGROUND: Postoperative hepatic insufficiency (PHI) is the most feared complication after hepatectomy. Volume of the future liver remnant (FLR) is one objectively measurable indicator to identify patients at risk of PHI. In this review, we summarized the development and rationale for the use of liver volumetry and liver-regenerative interventions and highlighted emerging tools that could yield new advancements in liver volumetry.
METHODS: A review of MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify literature related to liver volumetry. The references of relevant articles were reviewed to identify additional publications.
RESULTS: Liver volumetry based on radiologic imaging was developed in the 1980s to identify patients at risk of PHI and later used in the 1990s to evaluate grafts for living donor living transplantation. The field evolved in the 2000s by the introduction of standardized FLR based on the hepatic metabolic demands and in the 2010s by the introduction of the degree of hypertrophy and kinetic growth rate as measures of the FLR regenerative and functional capacity. Several liver-regenerative interventions, most notably portal vein embolization, are used to increase resectability and reduce the risk of PHI. In parallel with the increase in automation and machine assistance to physicians, many semi- and fully automated tools are being developed to facilitate liver volumetry.
CONCLUSION: Liver volumetry is the most reliable tool to detect patients at risk of PHI. Advances in imaging analysis technologies, newly developed functional measures, and liver-regenerative interventions have been improving our ability to perform safe hepatectomy.
A process for producing a targeted gene and/or drug delivery system for liver cells comprising the steps of: i. chemical reduction of Sendai virus for reduction of HN protein; ii. subjecting the reduced virus to the step of dialysis for removal of the reducing agent; iii. solubilizing the reduced virus with a detergent to obtain a solution; iv. centrifuging the solution to separate the insolubles consisting of reduced HN protein and core of said virus; v. adding histidylated lipid to the supernatant; vi. adding the drug or gene after addition of the lipid; vii. removing the detergent from the envelope and then subjecting it to the step of centrifugation to obtain His lipid F-virosomes with entrapped drug or DNA.
Understanding patient non-adherence to prescribed antibiotics can inform clinical practices, patient counseling, and antibiotic efficacy study design in dermatology. The primary objective was to determine the rate of and reasons for antibiotic non-adherence in the dermatologic surgery setting. The secondary objective was to test the applicability of previously studied survey questions for antibiotic non-adherence screening in the dermatologic surgery setting. Five academic outpatient dermatologic surgery centers across the United States conducted one multicenter prospective cohort study. Dermatologic surgery patients ≥ 18 years of age who were prescribed an antibiotic were included as part of this study. 15.2% (42/276) of patients did not adhere to their antibiotic regimen after dermatologic surgery. Most common reasons for incomplete antibiotic courses included forgotten antibiotics (42.9%,18/42) and side effects (28.6%, 12/42). Previously evaluated questions to identify and predict non-adherence had modest performance in the dermatologic surgery setting (Area under the curve of 0.669 [95% CI (0.583-0.754)]). Antibiotic non-adherence after skin surgery is prevalent and commonly due to reasons that physicians can address with patients.