anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is difficult to differentiate from prolonged febrile seizures during the acute phase. Mitochondrial dysfunction-induced energy depletion is among the key mechanisms underlying acute encephalopathy. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the efficacy of a "mitochondrial cocktail" in preventing AESD. We retrospectively studied children experiencing status epilepticus associated with fever lasting more than 30 min, focusing on those who received the mitochondrial cocktail between February 2016 and December 2020, and those who did not receive it within 24 h between February 2012 and January 2014. The mitochondrial cocktail contained vitamins B1, C, and E; biotin; coenzyme Q10; and l-carnitine. AESD occurred in 1 of 41 (2.4 %) patients in the administration group and 7 of 39 (17.9 %) patients in the non-administration group. The incidence of AESD was lower in the administration group than in the non-administration group, with a significant difference (p = 0.027). The incidence of encephalopathy, including cases classified as AESD and unclassified, was 7/41 (17.1 %) and 7/39 (17.9 %) in the administration and non-administration groups, respectively, with no significant difference. However, the number of cases with worsening pediatric cerebral performance category scores was significantly lower in the administration group compared to the non-administration group (p = 0.015). In conclusion, early administration of the mitochondrial cocktail may help prevent AESD. Some encephalopathy cases do not progress to a biphasic state or develop AESD. Thus, the mitochondrial cocktail should be administered as early as possible to prevent AESD.
Balloon dilation start with 2.0mm compliant balloon. After 8atm pressure expansion, the RFR value was measured. If RFR≥0.93, the pre-expansion was stopped. Otherwise, RFR value is measured after pressure expansion of 16atm, if RFR value is still less than 0.93, then a 2.5mm compliant or non-compliant balloon was used to expand the pressure of 8ATM, and the balloon diameter and expansion pressure were continuously increased until RFR≥0.93. Then a DCB with the same diameter as the pre-expanded balloon was selected for drug release.
Oral administration. Single dose: 1 tablet. First 24 hours of therapy: 1 tablet every 30 minutes for the first 2 hours, followed by 3 more tablets taken at regular intervals during the rest of the day. Days 2 to 5: 1 tablet 3 times daily.
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The impact of the diabetes duration on the long-term outcome of those with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after the first AMI is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the predictive value of diabetes duration in the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs).
METHODS: A total of 394 type 2 DM patients with PCI after the first AMI were enrolled and were divided into two groups by the diabetes duration: a short-DM group with diabetes duration of <5 years and a long-DM group with a duration of ≥5 years. The clinical endpoint was MACCEs.
RESULTS: Multivariate Cox regression analysis found that the diabetes duration was independently associated with increased occurrence of MACCEs (HR: 1.512, 95% CI: 1.033, 2.215, p = 0.034), along with hypertension, Killip class III or IV, creatinine, multivessel disease, and continuous hypoglycemic therapy. After adjusting for the confounding variables, a nested Cox model showed that diabetes duration was still an independent risk factor of MACCEs (HR: 1.963, 95% CI: 1.376, 2.801, p < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve illustrated a significantly high risk of MACCEs (HR: 2.045, p < 0.0001) in long-duration DM patients. After propensity score matching, a longer diabetes duration was associated with an increased risk of MACCE occurrence.
CONCLUSION: Long-duration diabetes was independently associated with poor clinical outcomes after PCI in patients with their first myocardial infarction. Despite the diabetes duration, continuous hypoglycemic therapy significantly improved long-term clinical outcomes.
In a process for the separation of Vitamin D3 from the irradiation products of 7-dehydrocholesterol, an adduct of Vitamin D3 and 7-dehydrocholesterol is separated from the irradiation products to leave a residue containing Vitamin D3 and the remainder of the irradiation products.  The initial irradiation products may be dissolved in ethanol, cooled to crystallize unreacted 7-dehydrocholesterol which is removed, and either the adduct is obtained as a second crop of crystals, or, preferably the ethanol is evaporated, the residue dissolved in methanol and the solution cooled to crystallize the adduct.  The adduct may be at least partially cleaved by dissolution in a polar solvent, e.g. acetone or methanol, 7-dehydrocholesterol crystallized out and removed and solvent evaporated to obtain a Vitamin D3 enriched product.  This enriched product may be esterified, e.g. with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride, the Vitamin D3 ester separated from the 7-dehydrocholesterol ester by fractional crystallization, and saponified to obtain free vitamin. The residue obtained after separation of the adduct from the methanol solution and evaporation, may be enriched by solvent partitioning, e.g. with hexane and methanol or with hexane and acetonitrile, an enriched Vitamin D3 product being recovered from the hexane phase. This enriched product may be esterified, fractionally crystallized and saponified as before to obtain free vitamin.  The 7-dehydrocholesterol obtained may be subjected to further irradiation.  Examples are given.
The invention discloses a combination containing a film which is carried in a carrier or a plurality of film chips. The film or the film chips can contain function substance. The film or the film chips can form a repeated shape. The invention also discloses the combination containing a plurality of recognizable flaky chips which are carried in the carrier. The invention even discloses the method which is used for applying the function substance to the tested people or animals that need the function substance; the method comprises the application of the combination containing the film which is carried in the carrier or the film chips to the tested object, wherein, the film contains the function substance. The combination object is preferably chosen to the dentifrice comprising shaped and / or colored film chips.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject cosmetic having cosmetic effects and capable of maintaining the effects by bringing the cosmetic composition to contain laminated powder comprising a polyethylene terephthalate film, a metal and an epoxy resin, and a film forming resin. SOLUTION: This eye makeup cosmetic is obtained by bringing the composition to contain preferably 0.5-20 wt.% of (A) laminated powder comprising polyethylene terephthalate film a metal (e.g. aluminum, etc.), and an epoxy resin, preferably 1-25 wt.% of (B) a film-forming resin. The ingredient B is preferably one or more species selected from vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers, rosin acid-based resins and acrylic acid-based emulsion polymers. This cosmetic material is preferably a mascara. A powdery material (e.g. titanium oxide, etc.), an oil component (e.g. a liquid paraffin, etc.), etc., can be blended to the cosmetic material.
BACKGROUND: Current classification for acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients with sepsis relies only on its severity-measured by maximum creatinine which overlooks inherent complexities and longitudinal evaluation of this heterogenous syndrome. The role of classification of AKI based on early creatinine trajectories is unclear.
METHODS: This retrospective study identified patients with Sepsis-3 who developed AKI within 48-h of intensive care unit admission using Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database. We used latent class mixed modelling to identify early creatinine trajectory-based classes of AKI in critically ill patients with sepsis. Our primary outcome was development of acute kidney disease (AKD). Secondary outcomes were composite of AKD or all-cause in-hospital mortality by day 7, and AKD or all-cause in-hospital mortality by hospital discharge. We used multivariable regression to assess impact of creatinine trajectory-based classification on outcomes, and eICU database for external validation.
RESULTS: Among 4197 patients with AKI in critically ill patients with sepsis, we identified eight creatinine trajectory-based classes with distinct characteristics. Compared to the class with transient AKI, the class that showed severe AKI with mild improvement but persistence had highest adjusted risks for developing AKD (OR 5.16; 95% CI 2.87-9.24) and composite 7-day outcome (HR 4.51; 95% CI 2.69-7.56). The class that demonstrated late mild AKI with persistence and worsening had highest risks for developing composite hospital discharge outcome (HR 2.04; 95% CI 1.41-2.94). These associations were similar on external validation.
CONCLUSIONS: These 8 classes of AKI in critically ill patients with sepsis, stratified by early creatinine trajectories, were good predictors for key outcomes in patients with AKI in critically ill patients with sepsis independent of their AKI staging.
BACKGROUND: Circular RNA (circRNA) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the current understanding of the emerging function and mechanism of circ-RAPGEF5 in CRC remains poorly understood.
METHODS: We first evaluated the expression level of circ-RAPGEF5 in CRC tissues and cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then, we analyzed cell proliferation (EdU and colony formation assay), migration (cell wound healing assay), invasion (transwell assay), and apoptosis (flow cytometry assay). To further elucidate the mechanism of circ-RAPGEF5 in CRC, bioinformatics tools, Dual-luciferase reporter assay, Ago2 RNA immunoprecipitation assay, and RNA pull-down assay were employed. Moreover, we established a CRC transplantation tumor model to evaluate the effect of circ-RAPGEF5 on tumor growth in vivo.
RESULTS: circ-RAPGEF5 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and CRC cells. Furthermore, the downregulation of circ-RAPGEF5 restrained CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistically, circ-RAPGEF5 accelerated the malignant behaviors of CRC cells by sponging miR-545-5p, which targeted polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GALNT3). In addition, we revealed that circ-RAPGEF5 silence curbed tumor growth in vivo.
CONCLUSION: These findings revealed that circ-RAPGEF5 played an oncogenic role through the miR-545-5p/GALNT3 axis in CRC progression, providing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of CRC.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by infiltration of the airways and lung parenchyma by inflammatory cells. Lung pathology results from the cumulative effect of complex and aberrant interactions between multiple cell types. However, three cell types, natural killer cells (NK), dendritic cells (DCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs), are understudied and underappreciated. We propose that their mutual interactions significantly contribute to the development of COPD. Here, we highlight recent advances in NK, DC, and Treg biology with relevance to COPD, discuss their pairwise bidirectional interactions, and identify knowledge gaps that must be bridged to develop novel therapies. Understanding their interactions will be crucial for therapeutic use of autologous Treg, an approach proving effective in other diseases with immune components.
BACKGROUND: Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is gradually being introduced into clinical transplantation to improve the quality of organs and increase utilisation. This review details current understanding of the underlying mechanistic effects of NMP in the heart, lung, liver, and kidney. It also considers recent advancements to extend the perfusion interval in these organs and the use of NMP to introduce novel therapeutic interventions, with a focus on organ modulation.
SUMMARY: The re-establishment of circulation during NMP leads to the upregulation of inflammatory and immune mediators, similar to an ischaemia-reperfusion injury response. The level of injury is determined by the condition of the organ, but inflammation may also be exacerbated by the passenger leucocytes that emerge from the organ during perfusion. There is evidence that damaged organs can recover and that prolonged NMP may be advantageous. In the liver, successful 7-day NMP has been achieved. The delivery of therapeutic agents to an organ can aid repair and be used to modify the organ to reduce immunogenicity or change the structure of the blood group antigens to create a universal donor blood group organ.
KEY MESSAGES: The application of NMP in organ transplantation is a growing area of research and is increasingly being used in the clinic. In the future, NMP may offer the opportunity to change practice. If organs can be preserved for days on an NMP system, transplantation may become an elective rather than an emergency procedure. The ability to introduce therapies during NMP is an effective way to treat an organ and avoid the complexity of treating the recipient.
Eligible participants for clinical trial were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to pirfenidone/blank add-on. Pirfenidone was administered in three divided doses (200mg tid), and increased to the manufacturer's instructed target dose (600mg tid) over a 2-week period. Investigators were allowed to adjust the dose according to the participants' tolerance.
Significance: This study will provide critical information on the best technique in vaccine candidate testing and improve influenza treatment approaches. The long-term goal of this research is to identify the T-cell responses that are surrogates (biomarkers) of serious complications of influenza in older adults and predict vaccine efficacy (prevention of influenza illness) and vaccine effectiveness (prevention of serious complications). Further, translating new insights into age-related immune dysfunction to the design of new influenza vaccines is critical to addressing this unmet need in the population aged 65 and older.

Innovation: The study will help in the validation of clinical tools and biomarkers as prognostic indicators of influenza illness severity in vaccinated older adults, point-of-care diagnostics that would direct other preventive strategies to reduce the impact of influenza illness in vaccinated older adults, and correlates of protection to evaluate the potential of new influenza vaccines to enhance protection against the serious complications of influenza illness. The investigators have established that GrzB activity and the IFNg: IL-10 ratio in influenza-stimulated PBMC correlate with protection against influenza, and preliminary data to show that low GrzB activity in influenza-stimulated PBMC correlates with more severe disease and higher levels of frailty. The innovations of this project are the established methods for developing correlates of protection, the clinical insights into how frailty affects immune-mediated protection against influenza, and the direct translation of this research to provide a reasonable method for primary care clinicians to estimate vaccine effectiveness in an individual older person. These results will translate to the practical design of clinical trials to evaluate the potential for new influenza vaccines to better protect against the serious complications of influenza and complement those based on antibody titers and/or clinical outcomes alone.
BACKGROUND: In the last two decades, sex and gender differences have been documented in chronic kidney disease (CKD) management, including access to renal replacement therapy and its outcomes. The objectives of this study were to 1) compare the pre-dialysis healthcare utilization in men and women, and 2) examine the sex-specific factors associated with emergency dialysis start.
METHODS: Adult patients with CKD who started dialysis in France in 2015 were extracted from the Renal Epidemiology and Information Network registry. Patients were matched to the French National Health Data System database to extract healthcare utilization data for the 2 years before dialysis start. Frequencies and monthly rates of consultations and hospitalizations were compared between men and women. Logistic regression analyses were performed separately in the two groups.
RESULTS: Among the 8856 patients included, 3161 (35.7%) were women. Median age (71 years) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (8.1 and 7.7 ml/min for men and women) were similar between groups at dialysis start. Monthly consultations rates with a general practitioner and nephrology-related care were similar between women and men. Some sex-specific differences were found: higher frequencies of consultations with a psychiatrist in women and more frequent hospitalizations for circulatory system diseases in men. Emergency dialysis start rate was 30% in both groups. Emergency dialysis start was associated with acute nephropathy, compared with slowly progressive nephropathy, in women but not in men (OR = 1.48, p<0.01 vs 1.15, p = 0.18).
CONCLUSIONS: This study found similar quantitative pre-dialysis healthcare utilization in men and women. To better understand sex/gender differences in CKD care trajectories, future research should focus on patients with CKD who are unknown to nephrology services, on patients receiving conservative care and on the sex/gender-specific mechanisms underlying care decision-making.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a growing public health problem affecting up to 95% of older populations. This sleep disorder influences glucose metabolism, leptin and grelin levels, promotes sympathetic overactivity, and is associated to increased cardiovascular events. All awake-sleep processes are determined by clock-genes and by external factors such as sunlight, physical activity, feeding, sleep, and chronotype. Chronotype is the propensity for the individual to wake and sleep at a particular time during a 24-hour period, and is categorized as morning, intermediate or evening chronotype. Individuals with morning chronotype are more alert in the morning and choose an earlier bedtime. Individuals with evening chronotype have more inclination for evening activities and choose a later bedtime. And those classified as intermediate chronotype show low or no preference for either morning or evening hours for activities. Individuals with evening chronotype tend to have higher nocturnal food intake, body mass index (BMI), levels of stress hormones, and more sleep apnea episodes. In humans, changes in sleep pattern for a few days are sufficient to affect food intake pattern. Two days of partial sleep deprivation increases hunger and appetite for calorie-dense foods with high carbohydrate content. Food composition, quantity, timing, and rhythmicity of meals impact on microbiota and metabolism, increasing basal level of inflammation and age related diseases. The aging process comes with an increase in the molecules involved in hypercoagulable states, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a protein induced by inflammatory mediators, which creates a prothrombotic state, resulting in a pathological deposit of fibrin followed by tissue damage. The increase in PAI-1 expression is related to the development of tissue pathologies such as thrombosis, fibrosis and cardiovascular disease. Adults with moderate-to-severe OSA have higher levels of PAI-1, and respond to two weeks of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) with a 50% reduction in this antifibrinolytic enzyme. The impact of CPAP use on chronotype, food intake pattern, and cardiovascular risk markers have never been studied in elder individuals with OSA.
PURPOSE: A hepatoprotective and liver disease treating or preventive composition containing a processed Panax species plant extract as an active ingredient is provided to be used as a pharmaceutical composition for hepatoprotection and liver disease treatment or prevention by increasing the total content of ginsenoside Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5. CONSTITUTION: A hepatoprotective and liver disease treating or preventive pharmaceutical composition comprises a processed Panax species plant extract, in which the total content of ginsenoside Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5 is higher than the total content of ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd, as an active ingredient. A Panax species plant is selected from artificially processed plants of Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolia, Panax notoginseng, Panax vietnamensis, Panax japonicas, Panax elegatior, Panax wangianus, Panax bipinnatifidus, or Panax pseudoginseng. The Panax species plant is processed ginseng in which the ratio of ginsenoside (Rg3+Rg5)/(Rc+Rd+Rb1+Rb2) is greater than 1.0 to increase an effective component by heating the ginseng at 120-180 deg. C for 0.5-20 hours. [Reference numerals] (AA) Cell survival rate(%); (BB) Without adding t-BHP; (CC) With adding t-BHP
Cryotherapy was performed with a hand-held liquid nitrogen spray, using a double freeze-thaw cycle. After an initial icefield formation with a 3 millimeter (mm) rim of clinically healthy tissue, the icefield was to be maintained for a minimum of 20 seconds. This procedure was repeated after a thaw of 2-3 times the freeze time up to 12 weeks.
The safety and efficacy of Prograf-based immunosuppression following orthotopic liver transplantation were assessed in two prospective, randomized, non-blinded multicenter studies. The active control groups were treated with a cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimen. Both studies used concomitant adrenal corticosteroids as part of the immunosuppressive regimens. These studies were designed to evaluate whether the two regimens were therapeutically equivalent, with patient and graft survival at 12 months following transplantation as the primary endpoints. The Prograf-based immunosuppressive regimen was found to be equivalent to the cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimens.

In one trial, 529 patients were enrolled at 12 clinical sites in the United States; prior to surgery, 263 were randomized to the Prograf-based immunosuppressive regimen and 266 to a cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimen (CBIR). In 10 of the 12 sites, the same CBIR protocol was used, while 2 sites used different control protocols. This trial excluded patients with renal dysfunction, fulminant hepatic failure with Stage IV encephalopathy, and cancers; pediatric patients (≤ 12 years old) were allowed.

In the second trial, 545 patients were enrolled at 8 clinical sites in Europe; prior to surgery, 270 were randomized to the Prograf-based immunosuppressive regimen and 275 to CBIR. In this study, each center used its local standard CBIR protocol in the active-control arm. This trial excluded pediatric patients, but did allow enrollment of subjects with renal dysfunction, fulminant hepatic failure in Stage IV encephalopathy, and cancers other than primary hepatic with metastases.

One-year patient survival and graft survival in the Prograf-based treatment groups were equivalent to those in the CBIR treatment groups in both studies. The overall 1-year patient survival (CBIR and Prograf-based treatment groups combined) was 88% in the U.S. study and 78% in the European study. The overall 1-year graft survival (CBIR and Prograf-based treatment groups combined) was 81% in the U.S. study and 73% in the European study. In both studies, the median time to convert from IV to oral Prograf dosing was 2 days.

Because of the nature of the study design, comparisons of differences in secondary endpoints, such as incidence of acute rejection, refractory rejection or use of OKT3 for steroid-resistant rejection, could not be reliably made.