anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is a rare presumed inflammatory chorioretinopathy characterized by creamy, yellow-white placoid lesions at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Unilateral cases often have fellow eye involvement within days to a few weeks. This report details a rare case of delayed contralateral APMPPE, in which unilateral lesion resolution was followed by contralateral eye involvement 31 months later.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old woman presented with three days of blurry vision and photopsias in the right eye (OD). She endorsed a viral GI illness one month prior. Visual acuity was 20/25 -2 OD and 20/20 -1 in the left eye (OS). Examination revealed creamy, yellow-white placoid lesions in the posterior pole. Fluorescein angiography (FA) was notable for early hypofluorescence and late hyperfluorescence of the lesions, consistent with APMPPE. MRI and MRA brain were negative for cerebral vasculitis. She was treated with oral prednisone with complete resolution of her symptoms, vision, and lesion regression. She then presented 31 months later, with blurry vision OS and similar new creamy, yellow-white placoid lesions in the posterior pole OS. She endorsed receiving an influenza vaccine one month prior. FA again was notable for early hypofluorescence. She was diagnosed with APMPPE, this time involving the left eye, and was once again started on oral steroids with complete resolution. She denied any neurologic symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: APMPPE is an inflammatory vasculitis of the choroid, leading to hypoperfusion and ischemic injury of the RPE with subsequent lesion formation. APMPPE may be preceded by a viral prodrome or vaccination, both of which were seen in this case. Choroidal inflammation seen in APMPPE is therefore thought to stem from immune-mediated processes. Unilateral cases often have fellow eye involvement within days to a few weeks. Single eye involvement with delayed contralateral presentation, as seen in our patient, is rare. This case demonstrates that lesion resolution in one eye can be followed by contralateral eye involvement up to 31 months later, highlighting the importance of routine ophthalmic monitoring for patients with unilateral APMPPE.
Drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake inhibition, including venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release capsules, may increase the risk of bleeding events, ranging from ecchymoses, hematomas, epistaxis, petechiae, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage to life-threatening hemorrhage. Concomitant use of aspirin, Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), warfarin, and other anti-coagulants or other drugs known to affect platelet function may add to this risk. Case reports and epidemiological studies (case-control and cohort design) have demonstrated an association between use of drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake and the occurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding. Based on data from the published observational studies, exposure to SNRIs, particularly in the month before delivery, has been associated with a less than 2-fold increase in the risk of postpartum hemorrhage [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. 

Inform patients about the increased risk of bleeding associated with the concomitant use of venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release capsules and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, or other drugs that affect coagulation. For patients taking warfarin, carefully monitor coagulation indices when initiating, titrating, or discontinuing venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release capsules.
The study will be conducted in accordance with legal and regulatory requirements with scientific purpose, value and rigor following generally accepted research practices described in Guidelines for Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practices (GPP), Good Epidemiological Practice (GEP), Good Practices for Outcomes Research, International Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research, European Medicines Agency (EMA) European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance (ENCePP) Guide on Methodological Standards in Pharmacoepidemiology, and FDA Guidance for Industry. Data sources will be validated and will consist of the hospital medical records and monitoring will be organized on a regular basis. Data for the study will be entered into a web based electronic data capture (EDC) system at enrolment and then approximately every 3 months (at a minimum) thereafter up to 2 years. Adverse events will be encoded according to MedDRA 17.1 or later. The sample size will be approximately 2500 patients recruited over a 30 month period and followed up to 2 years. No inferential analyses are planned. Statistical analysis will be descriptive in nature.
A medicine capsule with two separate chambers is used to for the controlled release of two medicinal preparations. The first chamber is formed by the bottom part of the capsule, with a cap pushed inside it. The second chamber is formed by a second cap, pushed on to meet the first. All parts are made of hard gelatine. By using materials of different solubility, the release of the medicine can be staggered. Incompatible medicines can be stored for long periods without deterioration.
The invention relates to the field of oncotherapy, in particular to application of a Larva ChrysomyiamegacephalaFab. product in preparing dugs, health care products or foods for treating colon cancer. The Larva ChrysomyiamegacephalaFab. product is a natural product, and the active ingredients of the Larva ChrysomyiamegacephalaFab. product are whole worms of Larva ChrysomyiamegacephalaFab.. According to a modern medical research, it is proved that Larva ChrysomyiamegacephalaFab. contains proteins, fat, chitosan, antimicrobial peptides and 18 kinds of amino acids. The Larva ChrysomyiamegacephalaFab. dry powder contains all active ingredients of the whole worms of Larva ChrysomyiamegacephalaFab., and Larva Chrysomyiae extractives mainly contain fatty acid and/or proteins, peptides, amino acids and the like. According to the study, it is found that the Larva ChrysomyiamegacephalaFab. product can effectively suppress growth of the colon cancer, and has no drug resistance and toxic and side effects of clinically common chemotherapeutic drugs.
This is a single arm pre/post feasibility study lasting up to 1 year. Investigators will recruit in n=40 dyads (Hispanic/Latino people living with memory challenges and their study partners n=80 total) and expect n=30 (n=60 total people living with memory challenges and study partners) to complete the 12-week GAP-H and evaluate it for feasibility and acceptability. Anonymous program evaluation surveys will be administered either via paper or RedCap survey to the outdoor activity professionals who participated in the study. Brief recorded phone interviews (5 minutes) will be conducted with the people living with memory challenges and their study partners after the intervention and 15-minute brief calls with the outdoor activity professionals will be used to gather feedback to refine the program. Informal conversations with the occupational therapist(s) delivering the intervention will occur to identify areas for refinement and will be documented with anonymous notes and no identifiable data collected from them. Sustained behavior change will be measured in people living with memory challenges at 4 weeks after the intervention.
A 77-week study was conducted in rats with oral doses up to 40 mg/kg/day (about 5 times the maximum recommended human dose on surface area basis). Metoclopramide elevates prolactin levels and the elevation persists during chronic administration. Tissue culture experiments indicate that approximately one-third of human breast cancers are prolactin-dependent in vitro, a factor of potential importance if the prescription of metoclopramide is contemplated in a patient with previously detected breast cancer. Although disturbances such as galactorrhea, amenorrhea, gynecomastia, and impotence have been reported with prolactin-elevating drugs, the clinical significance of elevated serum prolactin levels is unknown for most patients. An increase in mammary neoplasms has been found in rodents after chronic administration of prolactin-stimulating neuroleptic drugs and metoclopramide. Neither clinical studies nor epidemiologic studies conducted to date, however, have shown an association between chronic administration of these drugs and mammary tumorigenesis; the available evidence is too limited to be conclusive at this time.

In a rat model for assessing the tumor promotion potential, a two-week oral treatment with metoclopramide at a dose of 260 mg/kg/day (about 35 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area) enhanced the tumorigenic effect of N-nitrosodiethylamine.

Metoclopramide was positive in the in vitro Chinese hamster lung cell / HGPRT forward mutation assay for mutagenic effects and the in vitro human lymphocyte chromosome aberration assay for clastogenic effects. It was negative in the in vitro Ames mutation assay, the in vitro unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay with rat and human hepatocytes and the in vivo rat micronucleus assay.

Metoclopramide at intramuscular doses up to 20 mg/kg/day (about 3 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area) was found to have no effect on fertility and reproductive performance of male and female rats.
Metabolic syndrome encompasses amongst other conditions like obesity and type-2 diabetes and is associated with gut microbiome (GM) dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been explored to treat metabolic syndrome by restoring the GM; however, concerns on accidentally transferring pathogenic microbes remain. As a safer alternative, fecal virome transplantation (FVT, sterile-filtrated feces) has the advantage over FMT in that mainly bacteriophages are transferred. FVT from lean male donors have shown promise in alleviating the metabolic effects of high-fat diet in a preclinical mouse study. However, FVT still carries the risk of eukaryotic viral infections. To address this, recently developed methods are applied for removing or inactivating eukaryotic viruses in the viral component of FVT. Modified FVTs are compared with unmodified FVT and saline in a diet-induced obesity model on male C57BL/6 N mice. Contrasted with obese control, mice administered a modified FVT (nearly depleted for eukaryotic viruses) exhibits enhanced blood glucose clearance but not weight loss. The unmodified FVT improves liver pathology and reduces the proportions of immune cells in the adipose tissue with a non-uniform response. GM analysis suggests that bacteriophage-mediated GM modulation influences outcomes. Optimizing these approaches could lead to the development of safe bacteriophage-based therapies targeting metabolic syndrome through GM restoration.
The second group will include heart transplant recipients at one year post transplant who consent to participate in the study. Research blood samples will be drawn at quarterly post transplant visits (standard of care in Year 2 post transplant) corresponding to ImmunKnow and AlloMap testing. A minimum of 4 visits per patient is expected.
Approximately 2.2% of Libyans have chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and are at the highest risk of developing end-stage disease complications. Several resource-limited countries, including Libya, may be far from achieving the WHO goal of hepatitis B elimination by 2030 as a result of several testing and linkage to care (LTC) barriers. In Libya, data about the current HBV infection situation is scarce. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the trends of HBV in eastern Libya, Tobruk region, and try to identify the region-specific gaps and barriers that could potentially delay the WHO goal of HBV elimination. An eighteen-year retrospective review of records of the main district medical center in the region was done to estimate the trends of HBV infection and qualitative interviews with the clinical staff of the CHB registry in the region were conducted to investigate the current status of HBV management. Out of 392,952 records, 371 (0.09%) HBV-positive were recorded and declining trends of the infection were noticed over the study period. Until late 2019, there was no linkage to care or follow-up for people with HBV infection. However, a CHB registry was established in late 2019 to manage HBV infections in the region, yet there are several barriers such as the lack of diagnostic infrastructure for liver function assessment and antiviral treatment. Despite the significant decline observed in the occurrence of HBV infection and introduction of important HBV management steps such as establishment of the CHB registry, there are still several barriers that could delay the elimination of the infection.
BACKGROUND: Melatonin (MEL) is an indole amine molecule primarily produced in the pineal gland. Melatonin has been shown in numerous studies to have antifibrotic effects on the kidney, liver, and other organs. However, it is still unclear how melatonin works in bladder fibrosis. We explored how melatonin affects animals with bladder fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEL was used to treat human bladder smooth muscle cells (HBdSMCs) after they were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in vitro. Proteomic analysis and bioinformatic analysis of the altered expression of these proteins were subsequently performed on HBdSMCs from the different processing methods. To construct an in vivo bladder fibrosis model, we injected protamine sulfate (PS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) twice a week into the rat bladder for six weeks. After two weeks of PS/LPS treatment, the mice in the treatment group were treated with MEL (20 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks. Finally, we detected the expression of fibrosis markers from different perspectives. The TGF-β1/Smad pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cell and bladder tissues were also identified. Further proteomic analysis was also performed.
RESULTS: In vitro, we found that TGF-β1 treatment enhanced the expression of the fibrosis markers collagen III and α-SMA in HBdSMCs. E-cadherin expression decreased while the TGF-β1/Smad pathway was activated. Vimentin and N-cadherin expression was also elevated at the same time. Similar findings were observed in the LPS group. After MEL treatment, the expression of collagen III and α-SMA decreased, the expression of E-cadherin increased, and the expression of vimentin and N-cadherin also decreased. According to our quantitative proteomics analysis, CCN1 and SQLE may be important proteins involved in the development of bladder fibrosis. MEL decreased the expression of these genes, leading to the relief of bladder fibrosis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the extracellular space structure related to metabolic pathways, actin filament binding, and stress fibers can serve as a pivotal focus in the management of fibrosis.
CONCLUSION: Melatonin attenuates bladder fibrosis by blocking the TGF-β1/Smad pathway and EMT. CCN1 appears to be a possible therapeutic target for bladder fibrosis.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a polyamino acid derivative composition in which a solution containing a nonionic polyamino acid derivative has thickening action and/or foaming or foam increasing action, does no decrease thickening action and foaming or foam increasing action even in the presence of a salt and which has high biocompatibility and biodegradability.  <P>SOLUTION: The polyamino acid derivative composition comprises a nonionic polyamino acid derivative containing a specific structural unit composed of an amino acid having excellent biocompatibility as a raw material. The solution containing a nonionic polyamino acid derivative has thickening action and/or foaming or foam increasing action. The composition does not decrease thickening action and foaming or foam increasing action even in the presence of a salt. The polyamino acid derivative is representatively a polyaspartic acid derivative.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
All patients will receive surgery with implantation of a SCS device. Patients randomized to the placebo-arm of the trial will have the device switched of or set to a stimulation intensity of zero. Blinding will continue for 6 months, followed by a 6 month voluntary open-phase, active extension.
The estimated radiation dose that would be delivered over time by the intravenous injection of 37 MBq, 1 mCi of Strontium-89 to a normal healthy adult is given in Table 4. Data are taken from the ICRP publication “Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals”-ICRP #53, Vol. 18, No. 1-4, Page 171, Pergamon Press, 1988.

Table 4: Strontium-89 Dosimetry

When blastic osseous metastases are present, significantly enhanced localization of the radiopharmaceutical will occur with correspondingly higher doses to the metastases compared with normal bones and other organs.

The radiation dose hazard in handling Strontium-89 Chloride injection during dose dispensing and administration is similar to that from phosphorus-32. The beta emission has a range in water of about 8 mm (max.) and in glass of about 3 mm, but the bremsstrahlung radiation may augment the contact dose.

Measured values of the dose on the surface of the unshielded vial are about 65 mR/minute/mCi.

It is recommended that the vial be kept inside its transportation shield whenever possible.
* Because this drug may cause some degree of fluid retention, conditions which might be influenced by this factor, such as epilepsy, migraine, cardiac or renal dysfunctions, require careful observation.
  * In cases of breakthrough bleeding, and in all cases of irregular bleeding per vagina, nonfunctional causes should be borne in mind. In cases of undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, adequate diagnostic measures are indicated.
  * Patients who have a history of clinical depression should be carefully observed and the drug discontinued if the depression recurs to a serious degree.
  * Data suggest that progestin therapy may have adverse effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The choice of progestin, its dose, and its regimen may be important in minimizing these adverse effects, but these issues will require further study before they are clarified. Women with hyperlipidemias and/or diabetes should be monitored closely during progestin therapy.
  * The pathologist should be advised of progestin therapy when relevant specimens are submitted.
BACKGROUND: The slit-mesh technique for laparoscopic groin hernia repair remains controversial. We present the largest cohort of patients to date that have undergone laparoscopic hernia repair with this technique and aim to evaluate the impact of both techniques on postoperative recurrence and other secondary outcomes.
METHODS: A retrospective, single-institution cohort study of patients who underwent a laparoscopic groin hernia repair over a 5.5-year period was performed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with recurrence, chronic pain, complications, length of stay, and operative time. A propensity score analysis also was performed. Time to recurrence was then subsequently plotted on a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.
RESULTS: In total, 611 laparoscopic groin hernia repairs (nonslit: n = 353; slit: n = 258) were reviewed. Mean follow-up duration was 6.6 months. On the multivariate analysis, body mass index was inversely correlated with recurrence (odds ratio, 0.792; 95% confidence interval, 0.656-0.956), whereas a slit mesh had lower recurrence (odds ratio, 0.228; 95% confidence interval, 0.064-0.809). In the propensity score-adjusted analysis, slit mesh remained significantly associated with reduced recurrence (adjusted odds ratio, 0.251; 95% confidence interval, 0.070-0.900), with no differences in chronic pain (adjusted odds ratio, 1.297; 95% confidence interval, 0.275-6.128) or postoperative complications (adjusted odds ratio, 1.808; 95% confidence interval, 0.429-7.620). Operative time also was reduced in the slit-mesh group (P = .009).
CONCLUSIONS: The slit-mesh technique was associated with a reduced likelihood of postoperative recurrence and shorter operative time, with no impact on postoperative chronic pain or complications. A lower body mass index was also correlated with increased likelihood of postoperative recurrence.
To maximize the impact of precision medicine approaches, it is critical to identify genetic variants underlying disease and to accurately quantify their functional effects. A gene exemplifying the challenge of variant interpretation is the von Hippel-Lindautumor suppressor (VHL). VHL encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates the cellular response to hypoxia. Germline pathogenic variants in VHL predispose patients to tumors including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and pheochromocytoma, and somatic VHL mutations are frequently observed in sporadic renal cancer. Here we optimize and apply saturation genome editing to assay nearly all possible single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) across VHL's coding sequence. To delineate mechanisms, we quantify mRNA dosage effects and compare functional effects in isogenic cell lines. Function scores for 2,268 VHL SNVs identify a core set of pathogenic alleles driving ccRCC with perfect accuracy, inform differential risk across tumor types and reveal new mechanisms by which variants impact function. These results have immediate utility for classifying VHL variants encountered clinically and illustrate how precise functional measurements can resolve pleiotropic and dosage-dependent genotype-phenotype relationships across complete genes.
As this is a pilot study seeking to describe the potential impact of chemoradiotherapy on the natural history of any immunologic response in HPV-associated OPSCC, the timing of the venipunctures reflect the goal to sample throughout the course of CTRT (chemoradiation therapy)and will permit some variability based on the number of radiation fractions delivered. It also reflects considerations of time points that lend themselves to both the venipuncture and tumour biopsy based on the toxicity and response profile of the chemoradiation in the HPV-associated OPSCC patient. As such, 10 subjects with HPV-associated OPSCC and 10 subjects with non-HPV associated HNSCC seen by the respective disciplines of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, radiation oncology, or medical oncology as clinically indicated will be enrolled on this clinical protocol. Importantly, clinical therapeutic recommendations, radiation treatment plans, and therapeutic drugs will not be altered by enrollment in this protocol. Tumors which are directly visible through in office laryngopharyngoscopy and easily accessible (i.e. oropharyngeal tonsil) will be directly biopsied (non-percutaneously) and analyzed as detailed below.
Tobramycin inhalation solution is for oral inhalation only [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. The recommended dosage of tobramycin inhalation solution for both adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older is one single-dose ampule (300 mg) administered twice daily for 28 days. Dosage is not adjusted by weight. All patients should be administered 300 mg twice daily. 

Tobramycin inhalation solution is administered twice daily in alternating periods of 28 days. After 28 days of therapy, patients should stop tobramycin inhalation solution therapy for the next 28 days, and then resume therapy for the next 28 day on/28 day off cycle. The doses should be taken as close to 12 hours apart as possible; they should not be taken less than 6 hours apart. 

If patients miss a dose, they should take it as soon as possible anytime up to 6 hours prior to their next scheduled dose. If less than 6 hours remain before the next dose, wait until their next scheduled dose.