anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Since 2008, children in Catalonia (Spain) have suffered a period of great economic deprivation. This situation has generated broad-ranging health inequalities in a variety of diseases. It is not known how these inequalities have changed over time. The aim of the present study is to determine trends in inequalities over this period in ten relevant diseases in children according to sex and age.
METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional population-based study of all children under 15 years old resident in Catalonia during the 2014-2021 period (over 1.2 million children/year) and of their diagnoses registered by the Catalan Health System. Health inequalities were estimated by calculating the relative index of inequality and time trends using logistic regression models. Interaction terms were added to test for the effects of sex on time trends.
RESULTS: Increasing significant temporal trends in inequalities were shown for both sexes in almost all the diseases or adverse events studied (asthma, injuries, poisoning, congenital anomalies, overweight and obesity), in mood disorders in boys, and in adverse birth outcomes in girls. Adjustment and anxiety and mood disorders in girls showed a decreasing temporal trend in inequalities. More than half of the diseases and adverse events studied experienced significant annual increases in inequality. Poisoning stood out with an average annual increase of 8.65% [4.30, 13.00], p ≤ 0.001 in boys and 8.64% [5.76, 11.52], p ≤ 0.001) in girls, followed by obesity with increases of 5.52% [4.15, 6.90], p =  < 0.001 in boys and 4.89% [4.26, 5.51], p ≤ 0.001) in girls.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that inequalities persist and have increased since 2014. Policy makers should turn their attention to how interventions to reduce Health inequalities are designed, and who benefits from them.
Pathologic relationship trending of an oxygen saturation time series relative to a corresponding ventilation time series is identified used a medical microprocessor system, and an increasing difference between the two time series is detected and displayed. That increasing difference is provided for evaluating a patient and for detecting early evidence of serious illness. A patient's normal predicted time ventilation may also be calculated using one or more of the patient's height, weight, sex, and body surface area. A relationship is determined between measured blood oxygen saturation, measured time ventilation, and predicted time ventilation. The microprocessor preferably determines the presence of an interval of steady state ventilation and measures the timed ventilation during that interval. The microprocessor also measures the oxygen saturation corresponding to that determined, steady state ventilation interval. The microprocessor then calculates a Ventilation Oximetry Index (VOI) of minute ventilation and oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry. The VOI assists the medical clinician in judging the potential effect of the measured minute ventilation on the oxygen saturation value and in identifying when additional testing (such as an arterial blood gas) is indicated.
To tackle the burden of obesity-induced cardiometabolic disease, the scientific community relies on accurate and reproducible adiposity measurements in the clinic. These measurements guide our understanding of underlying biological mechanisms and clinical outcomes of human trials. However, measuring adiposity and adipose tissue distribution in a clinical setting can be challenging, and different measurement methods pose important limitations. BMI is a simple and high-throughput measurement, but it is associated relatively poorly with clinical outcomes when compared with waist-to-hip and sagittal abdominal diameter measurements. Body composition measurements by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or MRI scans would be ideal due to their high accuracy, but are not high-throughput. Another important consideration is that adiposity measurements vary between men and women, between adults and children, and between people of different ethnic backgrounds. In this Perspective article, we discuss how these critical challenges can affect our interpretation of research data in the field of obesity and the design and implementation of clinical guidelines.
PURPOSE:To obtain the subject composition giving a beautiful milkwhite bathing water without forming precipitate and deposition to bathtub when thrown into bath water by coating the surface of an inorganic pigment with a nonionic surfactant having a specific HLB value and a fatty acid soap. CONSTITUTION:The surface of an inorganic pigment having particle diameter of 0.1-10mum (especially 0.2-0.7mum) is coated with (A) 3-100 pts.wt., especially 5-20 pts.wt. (based on 100 pts.wt. of the pigment) of a nonionic surfactant having an HLB of 7-18 (preferably 10-15), e.g. a polyoxyethylene lauryl ether added with 8mol of ethylene oxide and (B) 0.6-30 pts.wt. (especially 3-15 pts.wt.) of a fatty acid soap. The amount of the fatty acid soap is preferably 10-100 pts.wt. per 100 pts.wt. of the nonionic surfactant. The amount of the inorganic pigment composition is usually 3-15 pts.wt. based on the base of the bathing agent.
It is necessary for nursing students to have sufficient knowledge and correct nursing skill before clinical practicum to provide patients appropriate care and improve nursing quality. The learning materials of nursing skills are mainly paper textbooks and handouts, which are one-way knowledge transmissions having limitations and deficiencies in nursing skill learning. Interactive e-books integrate multimedia such as text, images, and videos, which are more suitable for learning nursing skill and maximize the effectiveness of the learning materials. In addition, the learning content can be updated at any time, in order that students can learn the latest skills and connect with clinical. The present study aimed to develop a nasogastric tube feeding interactive e-book based on Information Processing Theory (IPT) and Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction Motivational Model (ARCS), hoping to improve students' learning motivation and learning effectiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of using interactive e-book to enhance nursing students' knowledge and learning self-efficacy of nursing skill.

This is a randomized controlled trial study. Convenience sampling will be applied at a university in Northern Taiwan. It is expected that 60-100 participants will be recruited and randomly assigned into the experimental group and comparison group. The experimental group will read an interactive e-book to learn nasogastric tube feeding, while the comparison group will read a paper textbook. The questionnaires will be collected before the intervention, after the intervention, and after one month of the intervention. The questionnaires include demographic information, nasogastric tube feeding knowledge questionnaire, nasogastric tube feeding confidence scale, learning self-efficacy scale, nasogastric tube feeding skill test, and learning satisfaction questionnaire. This study will use SPSS 19.0 software for data analysis, including percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, chi-square test, and generalized estimation equation (GEE).
The invention discloses Chinese herbal medicine oral liquid for treating diabetes and a production technology thereof. The production technology is characterized in that sterile Chinese herbal medicine powder is added into a liquid medium agreeable to the plant growth by use of biotechnology according to the modern medicine and traditional medicine theory and particularly according to the biomedicine theory winning a Nobel Prize and the nutrition of the medium is catalyzed into several times the content of medical components of the Chines herbal medicine through biochemical reactions so as to improve the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine. In the traditional method of decocting the traditional Chinese medicine with water, less than 40% of the traditional Chinese medicine components are dissolved in water; in a more advanced method of traditional Chinese medicine fermentation, sweet water is converted into ethyl alcohol and multiple organic acids, and 90% of the traditional Chinese medicine components can be dissolved out; and both figures are lower than that of the technology adopted by the invention. The technology disclosed by the invention can be applied to all prescribed Chinese herbal medicines, which is an innovation based on successful culture of a single Chinese herbal medicine. The fructus lycii which is planted is harvested once per year, but the fructus lycii cultivated biologically is harvested once every 8-16 days. With the same principle, 'everything can be reaped after being sown' in a culture tank, and factory-like agricultural production is realized.
Participants will orally ingest a capsule identical to that containing the study medication, however this capsule will contain a placebo. They will ingest this capsule daily (Monday-Friday) for 4 weeks of rTMS treatment (20 sessions) 60 - 120 minutes prior to rTMS treatment.
IMPORTANCE: Sepsis is a leading cause of death among children worldwide. Current pediatric-specific criteria for sepsis were published in 2005 based on expert opinion. In 2016, the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) defined sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, but it excluded children.
OBJECTIVE: To update and evaluate criteria for sepsis and septic shock in children.
EVIDENCE REVIEW: The Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) convened a task force of 35 pediatric experts in critical care, emergency medicine, infectious diseases, general pediatrics, nursing, public health, and neonatology from 6 continents. Using evidence from an international survey, systematic review and meta-analysis, and a new organ dysfunction score developed based on more than 3 million electronic health record encounters from 10 sites on 4 continents, a modified Delphi consensus process was employed to develop criteria.
FINDINGS: Based on survey data, most pediatric clinicians used sepsis to refer to infection with life-threatening organ dysfunction, which differed from prior pediatric sepsis criteria that used systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, which have poor predictive properties, and included the redundant term, severe sepsis. The SCCM task force recommends that sepsis in children be identified by a Phoenix Sepsis Score of at least 2 points in children with suspected infection, which indicates potentially life-threatening dysfunction of the respiratory, cardiovascular, coagulation, and/or neurological systems. Children with a Phoenix Sepsis Score of at least 2 points had in-hospital mortality of 7.1% in higher-resource settings and 28.5% in lower-resource settings, more than 8 times that of children with suspected infection not meeting these criteria. Mortality was higher in children who had organ dysfunction in at least 1 of 4-respiratory, cardiovascular, coagulation, and/or neurological-organ systems that was not the primary site of infection. Septic shock was defined as children with sepsis who had cardiovascular dysfunction, indicated by at least 1 cardiovascular point in the Phoenix Sepsis Score, which included severe hypotension for age, blood lactate exceeding 5 mmol/L, or need for vasoactive medication. Children with septic shock had an in-hospital mortality rate of 10.8% and 33.5% in higher- and lower-resource settings, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The Phoenix sepsis criteria for sepsis and septic shock in children were derived and validated by the international SCCM Pediatric Sepsis Definition Task Force using a large international database and survey, systematic review and meta-analysis, and modified Delphi consensus approach. A Phoenix Sepsis Score of at least 2 identified potentially life-threatening organ dysfunction in children younger than 18 years with infection, and its use has the potential to improve clinical care, epidemiological assessment, and research in pediatric sepsis and septic shock around the world.
Patients with DVT of lower extremity will receive up to 4 treatments low dose (\<10 mg/day) intraclot injections of alteplase. Intention is to evaluate safety and efficacy of this treatment, and durability of outcomes (for 6 months)in 25 patients.
Many women have increased headache attacks at the time of their period (menses). The migraines experienced around the menstrual cycle are most often associated with premenstrual complaints such as nausea, backache and breast tenderness. The condition of hormone-related headache (i.e. menstrual migraine) is unclear.

Soy isoflavones have been used to alleviate the symptoms of menopause. They contain natural estrogens (female hormones). Since menstrual migraine is thought to be associated with the withdrawal of estrogen, or the natural fall of estrogen levels, the use of this natural source of estrogen may be helpful in the prevention of menstrually-associated migraine.
PURPOSE: To verify the efficacy of using athletic tape associated with myofunctional therapy in the speech-language-hearing treatment of facial palsy after stroke in the acute phase.
METHOD: Randomized controlled clinical study with 88 patients with facial palsy in the acute phase of stroke. The sample was allocated in: Group 1: rehabilitation with orofacial myofunctional therapy and use of athletic tape on the paralyzed zygomaticus major and minor muscles; Group 2: rehabilitation alone with orofacial myofunctional therapy on the paralyzed face; Group 3: no speech-language-hearing intervention for facial paralysis. In the evaluation, facial expression movements were requested, and the degree of impairment was determined according to the House and Brackmann scale. Movement incompetence was obtained from measurements of the face with a digital caliper. After the evaluation, the intervention was carried out as determined for groups 1 and 2. The participants of the three groups were reassessed after 15 days. The statistical analysis used was the generalized equations.
RESULTS: The groups were homogeneous in terms of age, measure of disability and functioning, severity of neurological impairment and pre-intervention facial paralysis. Group 1 had a significant improvement in the measure from the lateral canthus to the corner of the mouth, with better results than groups 2 and 3.
CONCLUSION: The athletic tape associated with orofacial myofunctional therapy had better results in the treatment of facial paralysis after stroke in the place where it was applied.
Diflunisal is a non-steroidal drug with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. It is a peripherally-acting non-narcotic analgesic drug. Habituation, tolerance, and addiction have not been reported.

Diflunisal is a difluorophenyl derivative of salicylic acid. Chemically, diflunisal differs from aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) in two respects. The first of these two is the presence of a difluorophenyl substituent at carbon 1. The second difference is the removal of the O-acetyl group from the carbon 4 position. Diflunisal is not metabolized to salicylic acid, and the fluorine atoms are not displaced from the difluorophenyl ring structure.

The precise mechanism of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of diflunisal is not known. Diflunisal is a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. In animals, prostaglandins sensitize afferent nerves and potentiate the action of bradykinin in inducing pain. Since prostaglandins are known to be among the mediators of pain and inflammation, the mode of action of diflunisal may be due to a decrease of prostaglandins in peripheral tissues.
The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse microbial community that has a role in influencing the host's pathophysiological responses. Although there is an abundance of metagenomic data available, the functional dynamics of the gut microbiota still need exploration in different conditions. The microbiota produces various metabolites from dietary products, impacting both host health and pathophysiological functions. The metabolites produced by different microbiota may selectively suppress or stimulate the growth of some components of the gut microbiome, ultimately influencing the dynamic of gut bacterial and fungal populations. Our lab is specifically interested in a metabolite, known as phenylpropionic acid (PPA) produced by a human gut resident bacteria known as Clostridium sporogenes. C.sporogenes produces PPA by metabolizing the amino acid, L-phenylalanine, which is sourced from human diet. Many studies have observed the antimicrobial and antifungal effects of PPA. Our lab determined the antifungal activity of PPA through decreased levels of Candida albicans in the mouse gut. We are interested in investigating how diversity in mycobiota populations, which focuses on the fungi species in the human gut, are related to changes in PPA levels.

Therefore, this study will assess whether additional oral supplementation of L-Phenylalanine has any effect on the way C. sporogenes metabolizes phenylalanine. Healthy subjects will receive a 14-day supply of L-phenylalanine supplements and will provide stool and blood samples to the study team.
The present invention relates to enoxacin intravenous injection. Each litre of injection contains 10 to 60g of enoxacin, 25.2 to 36.9g of glucono-delta-lactone and water for injection as the rest. A preparation method comprises the following steps: the enoxacin and the D-glucono-delta-lactone are mixed and added into the water for injection; an obtained mixture is heated to 55 DEG C to 60 DEG C and is stirred until the enoxacin and the D-glucono-delta-lactone are thoroughly dissolved; the water for injection is added until 1 litre of volume is reached; the mixture is uniformly stirred, and active carbon used for injection is added and uniformly stirred; an obtained mixture is positioned without movement, the mixture is filtered, the active carbon is removed, an obtained mixture is filtered to be clear, the mixture is filled and sealed, steam flows for sterilization, and the enoxacin intravenous injection is obtained. The present invention leads the D-glucono-delta-lactone and the enoxacin to be mixed in the water, which can leads the enoxacin to be thoroughly dissolved. Therefore, the obtained enoxacin intravenous injection has high clarity, and the appearance is nearly colorless or yellowish. Reddish swelling of the skin, pain of the skin and phlebitis caused by the photosensitive toxicity of the enoxacin can be lightened or eliminated. The use is safe, and no adverse reactions occur.
WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT?: This is a summary of two studies that looked at the safety and effectiveness of a potential new treatment, N-803 (Anktiva), in combination with a standard treatment bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for people with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).One study was a Phase 1b study that tested increasing doses of N-803 in combination with the same dose of BCG in people with NMIBC who had never received BCG previously (BCG-naive). The other study is a Phase 2/3 study of N-803 and BCG in people with NMIBC whose cancer wasn't eliminated by BCG alone (BCGunresponsive).
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE STUDIES?: In the Phase 1b study, the nine participants were split into three groups of 3 participants who received a dose of 100, 200, or 400 μg N-803 along with a standard 50 mg dose of BCG. In the Phase 2/3 study, one group (cohort A) of participants with carcinoma in situ (CIS) disease and another group (cohort B) with papillary disease were treated with 400 μg N-803 plus 50 mg BCG. There was also a cohort C that received only 400 μg N-803. Treatments were delivered directly into the bladder once a week for 6 weeks in a row.
WHAT WERE THE KEY TAKEAWAYS?: N-803 plus BCG eliminated NMIBC in all nine BCG-naive participants and the effects were long-lasting, with participants remaining NMIBC-free for a range of 8.3 to 9.2 years.As reported in 2022, cancer was eliminated in 58 of 82 (71%) participants with BCG-unresponsive CIS disease and the effect was also long-lasting. Importantly, approximately 90% of the successfully treated participants avoided surgical removal of the bladder. In cohort B participants with papillary disease, 40 of 72 (55.4%) were cancer-free 12 months after treatment. N-803 used alone was only effective in 2 of 10 participants. In both studies, the combination of N-803 and BCG was found to be associated with very few adverse events.Based on results from the Phase 2/3 study, the U.S. Food and Drug Association (FDA) approved the use of N-803 plus BCG for the treatment of BCG-unresponsive bladder CIS with or without Ta/T1 papillary disease.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02138734 (Phase 1b study), NCT03022825 (Phase 2/3 study).
Protopic® Ointment is not indicated for children less than 2 years of age.

Only the lower concentration, 0.03%, of Protopic® Ointment is recommended for use as a second-line therapy for short-term and non-continuous chronic treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in non-immunocompromised children 2 to 15 years of age who have failed to respond adequately to other topical prescription treatments for atopic dermatitis, or when those treatments are not advisable.

The long-term safety and effects of Protopic®​ Ointment on the developing immune system are unknown (see boxed WARNING, WARNINGS and INDICATIONS AND USAGE).

Four studies were conducted involving a total of about 4,400 patients 2-15 years of age: one 12-week randomized vehicle-controlled study and three open-label safety studies of one to three years duration. About 2,500 of these patients were 2 to 6 years of age.

The most common adverse events from these studies associated with Protopic® Ointment application in pediatric patients were skin burning and pruritus (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). In addition to skin burning and pruritus, the less common events (<5%) of varicella zoster (mostly chicken pox), and vesiculobullous rash were more frequent in patients treated with Protopic® Ointment 0.03% compared to vehicle. In the open-label safety studies, the incidence of adverse events, including infections, did not increase with increased duration of study drug exposure or amount of ointment used. In about 4,400 pediatric patients treated with Protopic® Ointment, 24 (0.5%) were reported with eczema herpeticum. Since the safety and efficacy of Protopic® Ointment have not been established in pediatric patients below 2 years of age, its use in this age group is not recommended.

In an open-label study, immune response to a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was assessed in 23 children 2 to 12 years old with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis treated with Protopic® Ointment 0.03%. Protective antibody titers developed in all patients. Similarly, in a seven-month, double-blind trial, the vaccination response to meningococcal serogroup C was equivalent in children 2 to 11 years old with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis treated with Protopic® Ointment 0.03% (n=121), a hydrocortisone ointment regimen (n=111), or normal children (n=44).