The goal of this translational research study is to determine the feasibility, satisfaction and preliminary efficacy of cognitive training delivered in the home for cancer survivors suffering from cancer- and cancer-treatment-related cognitive impairment. In addition, this will be the first study in cancer to explore levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is now known to be associated with neural plasticity, as a potentially sensitive outcome measure of intervention effects over time compared to attention control.

Cancer- and cancer-treatment-related cognitive impairment is a national research priority. Up to 75% of the 2.6 million breast cancer survivors (BCS) living in the United States report problems with memory or feelings of mental slowness. Deficits in memory and processing speed have also been documented on neuropsychological exam and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Cognitive impairment is a prevalent, severe, and persistent problem that is associated with other symptoms (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, fatigue), poorer work ability and poorer quality of life. Cognitive training may be a viable treatment option. To date, a total of 8 pilot studies, including the investigator's own randomized controlled trial36 have noted positive effects of cognitive training in cancer survivors. These findings, combined with evidence from studies in the well elderly, suggest that cognitive training interventions to promote neuroplasticity are likely to be beneficial; however, these studies are limited as most have been conducted in the home and therefore, fail to address the transferability of these cognitive training programs to general practice. Therefore, the purpose of this translational research is to conduct a home based single-blind, randomized controlled trial to test the feasibility, satisfaction, and preliminary efficacy of cognitive training delivered in the home setting compared to attention control in breast cancer survivors (BCS). In addition, this will be the first study in cancer to explore levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

Specific aims are to: (1) examine the feasibility, acceptability (facilitators and barriers) and satisfaction of the computer-based cognitive training program; (2) test the preliminary efficacy of cognitive training on improving perceived cognitive function (FACT-PCI) over time compared to attention control; (3) test the preliminary efficacy of cognitive training on improving cognitive performance (memory, processing speed, attention, working memory, executive function) over time compared to attention control; Exploratory - (1) evaluate cognitive training effects on associated outcomes (work ability, health perception status and change and quality of life) compared to attention control; and (2) explore the effect of computerized cognitive training on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) over time compared to attention control. BDNF is widely distributed in the brain, plays a crucial role in neuroplasticity and has been observed to correlate with cognitive function in cancer patients. A total of 68 eligible BCS will be randomized to computerized cognitive training or attention control. A blinded and trained tester will perform data collection and neuropsychological testing at two time points: baseline prior to intervention (T1) and immediately after the 10-week cognitive training -program (within 90 days) (T2). Feasibility and satisfaction will be assessed through objective indicators (study adherence, completion rate) and self-report (facilitators, barriers, and perceived satisfaction) and cognitive performance will be assessed through objective neuropsychological tests of memory, processing speed, attention, working memory, executive function assessed over the phone. In addition, the study will measure the effects of cognitive training on self-report measures of perceived cognitive function, associated symptoms (depressive symptoms, anxiety and fatigue), perceived work ability, and quality of life. Data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and a general linear mixed model (GLMM). Simple main effects analyses will be used to follow up statistically significant interactions.