anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The goal of this paper is to summarize the data pertaining to the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) for the prevention of cardiotoxicity in patients receiving anthracyclines for cancer treatment. We discuss the potential efficacy of this class of medications, incorporating insights from existing literature and ongoing studies.
RECENT FINDINGS: SGLT2i are a class of medications which were initially developed for treatment of Type 2 diabetes and later extended to treat heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction regardless of diabetes status. There remains a need for effective and safe treatments to preventing cardiotoxicity in anthracycline-treated patients. It has been proposed that SGLT2i may provide protection against the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines. Some of the proposed mechanisms include beneficial metabolic, neurohormonal, and hemodynamic effects, renal protection, as well as a decrease in inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and ion homeostasis. There is emerging evidence from basic science and observational studies that SGLT2i may play a role in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Randomized controlled trials are needed to conclusively determine the role of SGLT2 inhibitors as a cardioprotective therapy in patients receiving anthracyclines for the treatment of cancer.
Patients that have a high risk of having a gastrointestinal bleed upon admission into the ICU based on their medical history and symptoms. These patients will have a biosensor watch, the E4 wristband, placed on them to monitor their vital signs.
The pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia that result in cardiac arrhythmias is related to the sustained complicated mechanisms of the autonomic nervous system. Atrial fibrillation is when the heart beats irregularly, and ventricular arrhythmias are rapid and inconsistent heart rhythms, which involves many factors including the autonomic nervous system. It's a complex topic that requires careful exploration. Cultivation of speculative knowledge on atrial fibrillation; the irregular rhythm of the heart and ventricular arrhythmias; rapid oscillating waves resulting from mistakenly inconsistent P waves, and the inclusion of an autonomic nervous system is an inconceivable approach toward clinical intricacies. Autonomic modulation, therefore, acquires new expansions and conceptions of appealing therapeutic intelligence to prevent cardiac arrhythmia. Notably, autonomic modulation uses the neural tissue's flexibility to cause remodeling and, hence, provide therapeutic effects. In addition, autonomic modulation techniques included stimulation of the vagus nerve and tragus, renal denervation, cardiac sympathetic denervation, and baroreceptor activation treatment. Strong preclinical evidence and early human studies support the annihilation of cardiac arrhythmias by sympathetic and parasympathetic systems to transmigrate the cardiac myocytes and myocardium as efficient determinants at the cellular and physiological levels. However, the goal of this study is to draw attention to these promising early pre-clinical and clinical arrhythmia treatment options that use autonomic modulation as a therapeutic modality to conquer the troublesome process of irregular heart movements. Additionally, we provide a summary of the numerous techniques for measuring autonomic tone such as heart rate oscillations and its association with cutaneous sympathetic nerve activity appear to be substitute indicators and predictors of the outcome of treatment.
Tylactone derivs. of formula (I) are new. In (I), R is H or acyl; Q is H or a mycarosyl gp. of formula (II); R1 is H or acyl. Provided that when Q is H, then R is acyl. Streptomyces fradiae NRRL 12201 is new. A culture medium comprising Streptomyces fradiae NRRL 12201 and assimilable sources of C, N and inorganic salts is new. (I) are intermediates for the prepn. of tylactone and its acyl derivs., which may in turn be used for bioconversion to tylosin or for the prepn. of labelled derivs. for use in biosynthetic or metabolic studies.
Participants with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), will receive conditioning chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m\^2/day and fludarabine 30 mg/m\^2/day intravenous (IV) infusion for 3 days followed by a single infusion of KITE-585 at a dose of 3 x 10\^7 autologous anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells on Day 0. Participants may also receive an optional bridging therapy at the investigator's discretion, up to 7 days before initiation of conditioning chemotherapy. Participants will then have a post-treatment assessment period and long-term follow-up period from Week 2 to Month 3 and after Month 3 to Year 15, respectively.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the surgical, oncological and quality of life outcomes in the setting of radical resection of colorectal carcinoma involving major nerve resection.
METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was registered with the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) and performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify papers relating to outcomes in radical resection of colorectal cancer where major nerve resection was undertaken. Papers were identified from OVID Medline, EMBASE Classic and Web of Science encompassing all publications in English from January 2010 to June 2023. A total of 1357 nonduplicate studies were identified and screened for relevance, with six studies included in the final review.
RESULTS: A total of 354 major nerve resections were undertaken across the six included studies. Overall postoperative morbidity was reported at rates of up to 82%. Two studies considered nerve-resection-specific oncological outcomes, with complete pathological resection achieved at rates comparable to the wider pelvic exenteration cohort (65-68%) and without any overall survival disadvantage being conveyed by major nerve resection (p = 0.78). Two studies considered functional outcomes and noted a transient decrease in physical quality of life over the first 6 months postoperatively (p = 0.041) with significant loss to follow-up. One study considered postoperative pain in nerve resection and noted no significant increase in patient-reported pain scores associated with nerve resection (p = 0.184-0.618).
CONCLUSIONS: Major nerve resections in locally advanced and recurrent colorectal cancer remain understudied but with encouraging initial oncological and functional outcomes. Multicentre collaborative prospective reviews are needed to better elucidate contributors to postoperative morbidity and functional deficits and further establish interventions to ameliorate them.
Interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) is regarded as the standard of care for analgesia after shoulder surgery providing superior analgesia and reducing opioid consumption. Shoulder surgery, previously requiring inpatient admission for pain control, is now commonly performed on an ambulatory basis facilitated by ISB analgesia. The effects of single injection ISB dissipate after several hours unmasking the moderate to severe pain of the surgical insult and require strong opioid analgesia. Efforts to prolong ISB duration by increasing local anaesthetic (LA) dose are limited by their pharmacodynamics and narrow therapeutic window. To address some of these issues faced with prolonging ISB analgesia the addition of perineural adjuvants to local anesthetic (eg. clonidine, dexmedetomidine), have been investigated in an attempt to prolong peripheral nerve block duration with limited success. However, the corticosteroid dexamethasone, has been added to local anesthetic solutions for ISB and has demonstrated promise in preliminary studies. Perineural dexamethasone (8-10mg) in conjunction with local anesthetic prolongs the duration of ISB with an effect sizes ranging from 40% to 75% (absolute effect \~ 6 to 10 hours). Dexamethasone, however, is only approved for intramuscular or intravenous administration and therefore perineural use is currently off-label. There are several reasons that warrant a new randomized trial. Chiefly, all of the previous trials do not reflect modern regional anesthetic practice. These trials utilized peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) and local anesthetic volumes of 30 to 40 ml. Modern ultrasound guided ISB (US-ISB) allows for more accurate, targeted deposition of local anesthetic with volumes ranging from 5 to 10 ml with no difference in block efficacy or duration compared to larger volumes (≥20ml). An ideal solution would be a local anesthetic with adjuvant mixture that allowed administration of lower volumes but with prolonged analgesic duration. The use of low dose local anesthetic with dexamethasone could be one such solution. A trial that demonstrates enhanced block quality and duration associated with perineural dexamethasone added to low dose local anesthetic may allow us to achieve both prolonged duration of effect and reduced side effects due to unwanted local anesthetic spread. This would create further significant benefits for patients and further promote the use of low dose local anesthetic techniques to anesthesiologists who do not currently use this technique.
Participants will be attention-matched to mimic time and contacts ‬of‭ ‬the‭ experimental‭ ‬group. The control group will receive 12, 45-minute weekly sessions of 'Games and Activities' facilitated by healthcare professionals (e.g., occupational therapy/rehabilitation students) who will not be involved in the intervention or any other aspect of the study. The control group facilitator will mimic the same type of attention as the training at each site (i.e., sessions will be held at healthcare facilities and in the community (e.g., libraries, shopping centres, museums, parks). Facilitators will be equipped with current popular games and activities (according to social media and websites of popular children's stores) kits that include various board and card games, hand-eye coordination games, active games, cognitive activities, and arts and crafts suitable for children and adolescents to ensure interest and acceptability for all participants.
ICP monitoring will be done in parallel for both HS-1000 and ICP monitoring via an invasive monitoring device (per clinical protocol without any change in the patient's management). HS-1000 ICP monitoring intervals will last from 30 minutes to 48 hours, continuously depending on the patient's clinical condition.
A single, 1.5-mg subcutaneous dose of dulaglutide on Day 1, followed by a single, 10-mg oral dose of warfarin on Day 3 (Treatment 2). There was a washout period of at least 24 days between treatment periods. Then a single, 10-mg oral dose of warfarin on Day 1 (Treatment 1).
This study is based on the clinical observation that patients who are not well controlled on morphine or oxycodone may benefit from switching to another opioid, in this case methadone. Although the mechanism for such switch is not completely understood, evidence indicates that opioids with different chemical structures have different characteristics, not least in relation to new knowledge about genetic variation in opioid receptors. Another challenge is that there is much uncertainty regarding equianalgesic dose ratios for morphine and methadone. It seems that the higher the morphine doses, the relatively lower methadone doses are needed to substitute morphine. Furthermore, there is uncertainty to which switching procedures one should use, the most common ones are "stop and go" and a three days switch. Finally, it is reported that methadone may increase the QT interval of the ECG, and thus increase the risk for the ventricular arrhythmia Torsade de pointe. The aim of this randomized, open label, multicenter study is primarily to compare the switching procedures, but it will also provide more knowledge about equianalgesic dose ratios, the effect of methadone on the QT interval, genetical factors that may characterize patients needing opioid switch as well as their response to it, and finally if pharmacokinetic factors plays a role.
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effects of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without prevalent cardiovascular disease (secondary and primary prevention).
METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a pooled participant-level analysis of the CANVAS (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study) Program and CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) trial. The CANVAS Program included participants with type 2 diabetes at elevated cardiovascular risk, whereas the CREDENCE trial included participants with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease. Hazard ratios (HRs) with interaction terms were obtained from Cox regression models to estimate relative risk reduction with canagliflozin versus placebo across the primary and secondary prevention groups. We analyzed 5616 (38.9%) and 8804 (61.1%) individuals in the primary and secondary prevention subgroups, respectively. Primary versus secondary prevention participants were on average younger (62.2 versus 63.8 years of age) and more often women (42% versus 31%). Canagliflozin reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.76-0.94]) consistently across primary and secondary prevention subgroups (Pinteraction=0.86). Similarly, no treatment effect heterogeneity was observed with canagliflozin for hospitalization for heart failure, cardiovascular death, end-stage kidney disease, or all-cause mortality (all Pinteraction>0.5).
CONCLUSIONS: Canagliflozin reduced cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with no statistical evidence of heterogeneity for the treatment effect across the primary and secondary prevention subgroups in the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE trial. Although studies on the optimal implementation of canagliflozin within these populations are warranted, these results reinforce canagliflozin's role in cardiorenal prevention and treatment in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT01032629, NCT01989754, NCT02065791.
The present invention discloses a mouth preparation with levofloxacin and the preparing method. The aim of the present invention is to provide a mouth preparation which takes levofloxacin as drug ingredients. The present invention is dissolved in the mouth saliva through keeping in mouth and enters the positions of oral around, pharyngeal and tonsil, and then the antibacterial role is played. The present invention takes levofloxacin as raw material and can be prepared in the formulation of buccal tablet, candy and dropping pills and so on. The present invention has the advantages of fast effect onset, good efficacy and convenient administration and so on. The present invention can directly improve antibiotic drug concentration in lesion site, enhance the anti-bacterial ability and more suitable for vast numbers of patients.
The study aims at the reduction of hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity in pre-school children aged 3-6 years, visiting a preschool, and the prevention of clinical ADHD symptoms. The 3-6 years old children will be identified by a combined parent and teacher rating ADHD-symptoms questionnaire (FBB-ADHS-V). Children with ADHD symptoms \>90th percentile will participate in a following diagnostic process. The children (n = 150) will be randomised doubleblind to a control group (taking every day four capsules Equazen eye q, containing 400 mg fish oil and 100mg evening primrose oil - EPA (372mg), DHA (116mg), GLA (40mg) and vitamin E (7.2 mg) ) or placebo group. The study is divided into two phases with four months each. After unblinding after the first phase pre-school children taking placebo receive Omega-3/Omega-6 Fatty Acids. Children (n = 75) taking verum during first four months will be randomised doubleblind to verum or placebo. In this way the progress of the behaviour symptoms will be evaluated after a significant period of time (eigth months). Clinical examination (questionnaires, intelligence test, medical examination) and evaluation of ADHD symptoms through parents and teachers with several questionnaires will be used before beginning, after four months and after eight months. In addition the pre-school children will be taken a blood sample (finger prick test) to measure the omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids levels. Additionally regular phone calls will be implemented. Medical examinations and meetings will taken place if required. If symptoms increase, children will be treated medical and/ or psychotherapeutically.
The present invention discloses a kind of Clostridium butyricum and its use and microbial preparation. The Clostridium butyricum is preserved in common microbe preservation center in Beijing with preservation number of No. 0313-1. The Clostridium butyricum has application in preparing medicine for chronic and acute enteritis and diarrhea. The microbial preparation also includes bifidobacterium selected from Bifidobacterium infantis of CGMCC No.0313-2, Bifidobacterium longum of CGMCC No. 0313-5, Bifidobacterium breve of CGMCC No. 0313-6 and Bifidobacterium bifidum of CGMCC No. 0313-7. These microbial preparation are non-toxic, safe, stable and long in preservation period.
No participants enrolled. Enrollment for the GO41582 study was stopped in July 2021 due to limited activity as a single agent which did not meet the Sponsor's internal criteria for further clinical development.
Administered once a day in the evening at dinner or at bedtime with a starting dose 0.2 U/kg. Then, the doses were to be individually adjusted, following a titration algorithm, to reach the FPG target: 70mg/dL\<FPG≤100mg/dL (3.9mmol/L\<FPG≤5.5mmol/L).
For the active SGB arm, 7 to 8 mL of ropivacaine, 0.5%, will be injected around and into the site of the ganglion once before the hospital discharge. They will also receive a 30 minutes session of psychoeducation by a health professional with experience working with CA patients.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, progressive, and lethal lung disease with few treatments. Formononetin (FMN) is a clinical preparation extract with extensive pharmacological actions. However, its effect on COPD remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and underlying mechanisms of FMN on COPD. A mouse model of COPD was established by exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) for 24 weeks. In addition, bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were treated with CS extract (CSE) for 24 h to explore the in vitro effect of FMN. FMN significantly improved lung function and attenuated pathological lung damage. FMN treatment reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. FMN also suppressed apoptosis by regulating apoptosis-associated proteins. Moreover, FMN relieved CS-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the mouse lungs. In BEAS-2B cells, FMN treatment reduced CSE-induced inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis. Mechanistically, FMN downregulated the CS-activated AhR/CYP1A1 and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro. FMN can attenuate CS-induced COPD in mice by suppressing inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis in bronchial epithelial cells via the inhibition of AhR/CYP1A1 and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, suggesting a new therapeutic potential for COPD treatment.
Subjects will exercise at an intensity of 75% of the difference between the lactate threshold and VO2peak until 200 kcal are expended. Pre- and post-testing measures of vascular health will be completed at baseline (0 min) and again 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 min post-baseline testing, with exercise taking place during time points 0-60 min.
Background: The prevalence of overweight (OW), obesity (OB), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been increasing worldwide in recent years. Adipolin is a new adipokine with reduced circulating levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objectives: Our prospective case-control study aimed to evaluate the maternal serum levels of adipolin and adiponectin, metabolic parameters, and anthropometric characteristics at the time of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in pregnant women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 Kg/m2 and correlate them with newborn adipolin, adiponectin levels, and anthropometric characteristics of the newborns, and secondly to evaluate pregnancy outcomes. Material and Methods: After the OGTT results, we had 44 OW/OB pregnant women with GDM, 30 OW/OB pregnant women without GDM, and 92 lean healthy (LH) pregnant women. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and correlation tests, with a p-value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: We found no differences between adipolin values of the OW/OB pregnant women with GDM and the LH group (p > 0.99), OW/OB without GDM and the LH group (p = 0.56), and between OW/OB groups (p = 0.57). OW/OB pregnant women with GDM had a higher rate of gestational hypertension compared with the LH group (p < 0.0001). Newborns from OW/OB pregnant women with GDM were more frequently diagnosed with jaundice (p = 0.02), and they required more frequent admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for treatment of respiratory distress (p = 0.01) compared with newborns from LH mothers. Conclusions: Our study revealed that the serum levels of adipolin in the second trimester among the group of OW/OB pregnant women with GDM, matched for age and BMI with OW/OB pregnant women without GDM, were not significantly different. This suggests that adipolin may not play an essential role in the occurrence of GDM in these patients. Despite good glycemic control during pregnancy, OW/OB pregnant women with GDM and their newborns tend to have more complications (gestational hypertension, jaundice, NICU admission) than LH pregnant women and their newborns, highlighting the importance of weight control before pregnancy.
The invention relates to a medium being able to optimize virus replication. The medium contains a fusion protein E with the concentration of 100-1000nM, and a cell line is a host cell line over-expressing the fusion protein E gene. The fusion protein E can improve the TCID50 tilter of various viruses by 1-3 lg units and improve the HA tilter by 2-4 lg2 units, the various viruses comprise coronavirus, paramyxovirus, orthomyxovirus, reovirus and herpes virus, the fusion protein E has no cytotoxicity in a prescribed dosage, breaks a boundary between DNA viruses and RNA viruses, and also breaks the boundary between viruses with envelopes and viruses without envelopes. The fusion protein E obtained through a prokaryotic expression system has a high expression efficiency, and can be easily purified, the one-step purification efficiency can reach 85% or above, and the final concentration of the protein can reach 3mg/ml. The fusion protein E can be directly added to the virus medium in order to improve the tilter of various virus vaccines, so the medium is simple and fast. The medium has great influences and meanings in the production, learning and research of the virus subject.