anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a heterogeneous collection of structural abnormalities of the heart or great vessels that are present at birth. These birth defects are one of the leading causes of infant mortality and morbidity worldwide. The etiology and pathogenesis of CHD are unclear and largely considered to be multifactorial in nature. Since the chromosomal profile of CHD has not been analyzed in a large sample size, we aimed to summarize the clinical features, cytogenetics findings, and pregnancy outcomes of CHD to provide a clinical reference for prenatal diagnosis.
METHODS: Among 21,152 pregnant women, 471 (2.23%) showed fetal CHD on cordocentesis or amniocentesis. The number of cases showing simple CHD, simple CHD with concomitant extracardiac structural abnormalities, complex CHD, and complex CHD with concomitant extracardiac structural abnormalities was 128, 124, 89, and 130, respectively. For prenatal genetic diagnosis, karyotyping was performed with single-nucleotide polymorphism array(SNP-array)-based chromosomal microarrays, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq), and BACs-on-Beads™ (BoBs) analyses. The results of ultrasonography examinations, genetic analyses, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded in detail.
RESULTS: Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) were observed in 245 (52.02%) cases of fetal CHD. Among the 471 cases of CHD, 258 (54.78%) showed other ultrasound abnormalities. The most common ultrasound abnormalities were abnormalities of the central nervous system. The 471 cases included 93 (19.75%) cases showing chromosomal abnormalities, and the incidence of these abnormalities increased with advanced maternal age or the presence of other ultrasound abnormalities. In eight cases, karyotype analysis showed normal results while SNP-array or CNV-seq results were abnormal. Among the 453 cases that were followed up, 166 (36.64%) involved pregnancy termination, 273 (60.26%) involved live births, 7 (1.55%) involved fetal death in utero, and 7 (1.55%) involved neonatal death after birth.
CONCLUSIONS: Fetuses with CHD showed higher rates of chromosomal abnormalities. In cases diagnosed with fetal CHD during fetal ultrasonic examination, the mothers should undergo a careful and comprehensive fetal ultrasound scan as well as prenatal genetic testing, including karyotype analysis and SNP-array or CNV-sequencing. The prognosis for simple fetal CHD is good, while the prognosis for complex fetal CHD and extracardiac anomalies is poor.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy will be performed as follows: Autologous stem cells will be infused after conditioning with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, mesna, and alemtuzumab. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) will be administered post-transplant until engraftment. Rifaximin and tacrolimus will be administered for 6 and 12 months, respectively, beginning one day before the infusion of stem cells.
PURPOSE: A Poncirus trifoliate RAF. Extract and a method or manufacturing the same are provided to isolated anti-inflammatory 7-geranyloxy coumarins and to treat inflammation. CONSTITUTION: A method for extracting Poncirus trifoliate RAF. comprises: a step of washing and drying Poncirus trifoliate RAF.; a step of adding 2-4L of ethanol to 500g of Poncirus trifoliate RAF. and stirring at 250-350 rpm and room temperature for 20 to 40 hours; and a step of decompressing the extract to remove solvent to obtain solid extract. The Poncirus trifoliate RAF. extract is isolated through pre-liquid chromatography.
Patients who have received previous treatment with Lu-DOTA-TATE (Lutetium-177 Octreotate) under the special access program are eligible to be treated in this study. Patients will receive Lu-DOTA-TATE by intravenous infusion.
A desired medical image is selected by access to a server from a client terminal. A dataset relating to the selected medical image is read out from the image server and transferred to the client terminal via a communication network. The dataset includes raw image data, compressed image data, partial image data and layout image data. At first, a compressed image is displayed on a monitor in the client terminal. Next, a partial image is fit in the compressed image based on the layout data. Finally, a raw image is displayed based on the raw image data.
BACKGROUND: Kono-S anastomosis has gained increasing interest although evaluation of its impact on reducing Crohn's recurrence shows conflicting results. This study aimed to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes for patients with Crohn's disease requiring surgery with Kono-S compared to conventional anastomosis.
METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis included patients with Crohn's disease treated with bowel resection and Kono-S anastomosis reconstruction versus a comparator arm of conventional anastomosis technique. Recurrence outcomes examined were endoscopic recurrence rates, mean postoperative Rutgeerts score, surgical recurrence, clinical recurrence, and postoperative biologics use. Short-term postoperative outcomes include anastomotic leaks, surgical site infection, postoperative ileus, and mean operative time.
RESULTS: A total of 873 studies were identified with 15 remaining after abstract review encompassing 1501 patients, 765 with Kono-S and 736 with conventional anastomosis. Recurrence was significantly lower in the Kono-S arm, with endoscopic recurrence rates of 41% vs 48% (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73-1.00, p = 0.05) and surgical recurrence rates of 2.7% vs 21.0% (RR 0.13, 95% CI 0.06-0.30, p < 0.001). There was a significantly lower anastomotic leak rate in the Kono-S arm when compared to conventional anastomosis, 1.7% vs 4.9% (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19-0.74, p = 0.005). Mean operative time was similar between both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Kono-S is a safe and feasible anastomotic technique with lower rates of endoscopic and surgical postoperative recurrence. While we await further trials to substantiate this benefit, Kono-S anastomosis should be considered as an important tool in the armamentarium of a surgeon in anastomotic construction to reduce recurrence.
BACKGROUND: Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common neurological disorder in pediatric age. FS affect 2% to 12% of children and result from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Effective management and unambiguous recommendations are crucial for allocating health care resources efficiently and ensuring cost-effectiveness in treating FS.
METHODS: This systematic review compares existing guidelines to provide insights into FS management. Seven guidelines published between 1991 and 2021, from Japan, United Kingdom, United States, Mexico, India, and Italy, were included. Data extraction covered definitions, diagnostic criteria, hospital admission criteria, diagnostic tests, management, and prophylaxis recommendations.
RESULTS: Hospital admission criteria varied but typically included age <18 months and complex FS. Neuroimaging and lumbar puncture recommendations varied, with most guidelines suggesting limited use. Pharmacologic prophylaxis was generally discouraged for simple FS but considered only for high-risk cases, due to the benign nature of FS and the potential side effects of antiseizure medications.
CONCLUSIONS: Guidelines on FS exhibit similarities and differences, highlighting the need for standardized management and improved parental education to enhance clinical outcomes and reduce economic and social costs associated with FS. Future research should focus on creating updated international guidelines and ensuring their practical implementation.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Human sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) results from a multistep pathway with sequential acquisition of specific genetic mutations in the colorectal epithelium. Modeling CRC in vivo is critical for understanding the tumor microenvironment. To accurately recapitulate human CRC pathogenesis, mouse models must include these multi-step genetic abnormalities. The aim of this study was to generate a sporadic CRC model that more closely mimics this multi-step process and to use this model to study the role of a novel Let7 target PLAGL2 in CRC pathogenesis.
METHODS: We generated a CRISPR/Cas9 somatic mutagenesis mouse model that is inducible and multiplexed for simultaneous inactivation of multiple genes involved in CRC pathogenesis. We used both a doxycycline-inducible transcriptional activator and a doxycycline-inactivated transcriptional repressor to achieve tight, non-leaky expression of the Cas9 nickase. This mouse has transgenic expression of multiple guide RNAs to induce sporadic inactivation in the gut epithelium of 4 tumor suppressor genes commonly mutated in CRC, Apc, Pten, Smad4, and Trp53. These were crossed to Vil-LCL-PLAGL2 mice, which have Cre-inducible overexpression of PLAGL2 in the gut epithelium.
RESULTS: These mice exhibited random somatic mutations in all 4 targeted tumor suppressor genes, resulting in multiple adenomas and adenocarcinomas in the small bowel and colon. Crosses with Vil-LCL-PLAGL2 mice demonstrated that gut-specific PLAGL2 overexpression increased colon tumor growth.
CONCLUSIONS: This conditional model represents a new CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mouse model of colorectal carcinogenesis. These mice can be used to investigate the role of novel, previously uncharacterized genes in CRC, in the context of multiple commonly mutated tumor suppressor genes and thus more closely mimic human CRC pathogenesis.
This study investigated the effects of yeast hydrolysate (YH) from sugar byproducts on various parameters in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The study found no significant differences in water quality parameters across all treatment tanks, ensuring that the observed effects were not due to environmental variations. There were no significant differences in growth parameters between the control group and groups receiving YH at different dosages. However, the group given YH at 10.0 g/kg feed exhibited a notably higher survival rate and higher expression of growth-related genes (IGF-2 and RAP-2A) in various shrimp tissues. YH was associated with enhanced immune responses, including lysozyme activity, NBT dye reduction, bactericidal activity, and phagocytic activity. Notably, the 10.0 g/kg feed group displayed the highest phagocytic index, indicating a dose-dependent immune response. Expression of immune-related genes (ALF, LYZ, ProPO, and SOD) was upregulated in various shrimp tissues. This upregulation was particularly significant in the gills, hepatopancreas, intestine, and hemocytes. While total Vibrio counts remained consistent, a reduction in green Vibrio colonies was observed in the intestine of shrimp treated with YH. YH, especially at 5.0 and 10.0 g/kg feed dosages, significantly increased survival rates and RPS values in response to AHPND infection. The findings of this study suggest that incorporating additives derived from yeast byproducts with possible prebiotic properties obtained from sugar byproducts can lead to positive results in terms of enhancing growth performance, immunity, histological improvements, and resistance to V. parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND).
INTRODUCTION: Knee pain is a major cause of disability worldwide, particularly among the elderly. Current treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics, often lead to adverse effects. Krill oil is being explored as a potential alternative, however its efficacy in managing knee symptoms remains unclear.
METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched until May 2024 for studies comparing krill oil and placebo in knee pain patients. Endpoints included knee pain, stiffness, physical function, and lipid profiles (HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, and total cholesterol). A restricted maximum likelihood random-effects model with standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used. A trial sequential analysis was conducted to evaluate further research implications.
RESULTS: We included five trials with 700 patients using krill oil for knee pain. Results showed no significant difference between krill oil and placebo for knee pain, knee stiffness, and lipid profiles. However, krill oil demonstrated a significant small effect in improving knee physical function (SMD -0.24, 95% CI [-0.41; -0.08], I2 = 0%).Trial sequential analysis provided certainty that krill oil enhances knee physical function compared to placebo and indicated no improvement in knee pain, but the findings for knee stiffness need to be confirmed by further research.
CONCLUSION: This study found that krill oil supplementation did not significantly improve knee pain, stiffness, or lipid profile, although it may help knee physical function. Based on these findings, krill oil supplementation is not yet justified for knee pain.
Solid organ transplantation (SOT) offers life-saving therapy for patients with organ failure, yet chronic rejection remains a significant challenge despite advances in immunosuppression. Macrophages are central to chronic rejection, orchestrating fibrosis, and tissue damage. Since it became clear that histone deacetylases (HDACs), a family of epigenetic regulators, modulate macrophage function and polarization and eventually affect fibrosis progression, the HDACs modulation has gained great importance. This review explores the role of HDACs in chronic rejection, focusing on their impact on macrophage polarization and fibrosis. While some HDACs promote M2 polarization and fibrosis, others inhibit these processes, highlighting the complexity of HDAC function. Targeting HDACs holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for chronic rejection, offering a potential approach for intervention in transplant recipients. However, further research is needed to elucidate the specific roles of individual HDAC isoforms and their inhibition in chronic rejection.
BACKGROUND: Heart failure is heterogeneous syndrome with persistently high mortality. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy enables high-throughput metabolomics, suitable for precision phenotyping. We aimed to use targeted metabolomics to derive a metabolic risk score (MRS) that improved mortality risk stratification in heart failure.
METHODS: Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to measure 21 metabolites (lipoprotein subspecies, branched-chain amino acids, alanine, GlycA (glycoprotein acetylation), ketone bodies, glucose, and citrate) in plasma collected from a heart failure community cohort. The MRS was derived using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalized Cox regression and temporal validation. The association between the MRS and mortality and whether risk stratification was improved over the Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure clinical risk score and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) levels were assessed.
RESULTS: The study included 1382 patients (median age, 78 years, 52% men, 43% reduced ejection fraction) with a 5-year survival rate of 48% (95% CI, 46%-51%). The MRS included 9 metabolites measured. In the validation data set, a 1 standard deviation increase in the MRS was associated with a large increased rate of death (hazard ratio, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.9-2.5]) that remained after adjustment for Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure score and NT-proBNP (hazard ratio, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.3-1.9]). These associations did not differ by ejection fraction. The integrated discrimination and net reclassification indices, and Uno's C statistic, indicated that the addition of the MRS improved discrimination over Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure and NT-proBNP.
CONCLUSIONS: This MRS developed in a heart failure community cohort was associated with a large excess risk of death and improved risk stratification beyond an established risk score and clinical markers.
Influenza is a leading vaccine preventable cause of respiratory illness that leads to substantial morbidity and mortality during the winter months. It is defined by a rapid-onset systemic illness, with patients presenting with fever, chills, cough, myalgias, headache and sore throat. Given the huge health burden caused by influenza and the ever present threat of a future pandemic, a better understanding of population genetic variation and its association with severe outcomes from influenza infection is critical for developing improved vaccines and treatments for the entire population of at risk persons. This study is a single-center, specimen collection pilot protocol designed to compare the genotype of patients, aged greater than 50 years, who are hospitalized with respiratory symptoms or fever at Vanderbilt University with culture or PCR confirmed influenza virus infection with individuals who are not related but are in close daily contact with the subject and are not infected with influenza virus during the 2006 - 2007 influenza season. This study is linked to DMID protocol 06-0051. All subjects will be recruited from those subjects who have been enrolled in Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) parent study 06-0051, a Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units (VTEU)-funded respiratory disease surveillance study conducted during the 2006 - 2007 influenza season. If the subject has completed the surveillance parent study, (DMID study 06-0051), then he/she must have agreed to be contacted for future studies on the surveillance consent prior to enrollment into this sub-study. Controls for this study will be recruited via the index cases. This study will enroll 100 subjects total, 50 study subjects and 50 control subjects. The 50 study subjects will include individuals hospitalized with respiratory symptoms or fever and infected with influenza virus. The 50 control subjects will be uninfected, non-related individuals living in the same household or in close daily contact with the subject. The study staff will obtain 15 ml venous blood sample from each subject for genotyping studies. Subjects will have completed a health assessment as part of the parent trial and controls will be asked a shorter version of this survey which includes items such as: demographics, chronic disease history, history of immunosuppressive drugs or conditions, vaccination history, smoking history, and living conditions. The primary objectives of the study are to conduct whole genome array analysis on individuals with confirmed influenza virus infection and to compare their genotype with individuals who were likely exposed to influenza due to close daily contact, but are not genetically related.
INTRODUCTION: Conus medullaris infarction (CMI) is a rare vascular phenomenon that has been scarcely reported in the literature. While previous studies have described the clinical and radiological features of CMI, little attention has been paid to its associated neurophysiological findings.
METHODS: We present a case of idiopathic CMI and its neurophysiological findings, then present our findings from a systematic review of other reports of CMI with neurophysiological features found via PubMed search.
RESULTS: Nine articles describing ten cases of CMI with associated neurophysiological data were found, in addition to our case. Out of all 11 cases, 7 cases (64%) had absent F-waves on the first nerve conduction study (NCS) performed as early as 4 h after onset, 5 of whom demonstrated reappearance of F-waves on subsequent follow-up NCS. Seven patients (64%) had diminished compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs), which was usually detectable on NCS performed between day 8 and day 18 of onset. None of them showed recovery of CMAPs in follow-up studies. Four patients (36%) had absent H-reflexes and two patients (18%) had sensory abnormalities. Electromyography (EMG) was reported in seven patients (64%), showing reduced recruitment as early as day 1 of onset, and denervation potentials as early as 4 weeks after onset.
CONCLUSION: Absent F-waves and diminished CMAPs are the most common NCS abnormalities in CMI. Absent F-waves are detectable very early but tend to recover on subsequent NCS, while diminished CMAPs are detectable later but do not seem to resolve. Further research to determine the utility of neurophysiological studies in CMI diagnosis and prognostication is needed.
The invention provides application of dendrobium aurantiacum Rchb. var. denneanum (Kerr)Z.H. Tsi or extract thereof to preparation of a medicine or health food for protecting gastric mucosa. The invention also provides a medicinal composition or a health food composition for protecting gastric mucosa. The medicinal composition or the health food composition is prepared from the following raw materials in part by weight: 3 to 7 parts of dendrobium aurantiacum Rchb. var. denneanum (Kerr)Z.H. Tsi, 1 to 3 parts of common bletilla pseudobulb, 3 to 7 parts of Chinese yam, 3 to 7 parts of tangerine peel, 3 to 7 parts of dandelion and 1 to 3 parts of liquorice. The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the medicinal composition. The medicine has the effect of protecting gastric mucosa, and a definite medicinal effect, and provides a new choice for clinic.
In this study, the dose was explored according to the "3+3" mode, in which group A was divided into three dose groups: 1.5\*10＾9 group, 2\*10＾9 group and 3\*10＾9 group. If DLT occurs in one of the first three subjects in each dose group within four weeks after cell infusion, three subjects will continue to be included. If more than 1/6 cases of DLT appear in 6 subjects with 1.5\*10＾9 dose, the dose level and/or cell infusion frequency and method will be reduced after discussion between the investigator, the collaborator and DMC. If DLT did not occur in the first 3 subjects within 4 weeks after receiving 1.5\*10＾9 cell infusion，another three subjects were enrolled into the group received 2\*10＾9 cell infusion. DLT did not occur within 4 weeks after cell infusion, it will increase to 3\*10＾9 dose group. That is to say, the first three subjects were included for observation for 4 weeks in the 3\*10＾9 dose group, if DLT did not occur, there will be another 3 cases, reaching to 6 subjects.