anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The initial oral dose of Neoral can be given 4 to 12 hours prior to transplantation or be given postoperatively. The initial dose of Neoral varies depending on the transplanted organ and the other immunosuppressive agents included in the immunosuppressive protocol. In newly transplanted patients, the initial oral dose of Neoral is the same as the initial oral dose of Sandimmune. Suggested initial doses are available from the results of a 1994 survey of the use of Sandimmune in US transplant centers. The mean ± SD initial doses were 9 ± 3 mg/kg/day for renal transplant patients (75 centers), 8 ± 4 mg/kg/day for liver transplant patients (30 centers), and 7 ± 3 mg/kg/day for heart transplant patients (24 centers). Total daily doses were divided into two equal daily doses. The Neoral dose is subsequently adjusted to achieve a pre-defined cyclosporine blood concentration (see Blood Concentration Monitoring in Transplant Patients, below). If cyclosporine trough blood concentrations are used, the target range is the same for Neoral as for Sandimmune. Using the same trough concentration target range for Neoral as for Sandimmune results in greater cyclosporine exposure when Neoral is administered (see Pharmacokinetics, Absorption). Dosing should be titrated based on clinical assessments of rejection and tolerability. Lower Neoral doses may be sufficient as maintenance therapy.

Adjunct therapy with adrenal corticosteroids is recommended initially. Different tapering dosage schedules of prednisone appear to achieve similar results. A representative dosage schedule based on the patient’s weight started with 2.0 mg/kg/day for the first 4 days tapered to 1.0 mg/kg/day by 1 week, 0.6 mg/kg/day by 2 weeks, 0.3 mg/kg/day by 1 month, and 0.15 mg/kg/day by 2 months and thereafter as a maintenance dose. Steroid doses may be further tapered on an individualized basis depending on status of patient and function of graft. Adjustments in dosage of prednisone must be made according to the clinical situation.
Participants consumed 16 fl. oz of tart cherry juice daily for 12 weeks.
Shock wave kidney stone treatment was introduced in the 1980's. It is the least invasive method to treat kidney stone disease. The unmodified Dornier HM3 has over 90% stone free rate in most studies. The MH3 requires immersion in a full bath, necessitating dedicated operative space. The new generation model F2 uses water cushion as a coupling medium and is easily transported. The generators used in both machines are also different. The newer model has the advantage of being more convenient due to portability and ease of use of the coupling medium, but there have been no prospective studies to compare these 2 machines in terms of efficacy of stone fragmentation and clinical outcomes. We seek to compare the HM3 with the F2 models in terms of stone free rates, complications and clinical outcomes to determine which machine is the most effective and will limit the need for additional stone procedures.
During the 6 weeks ( weeks: 1-6) double- blind, randomized clinical trial (RCT) phase, the veterans who have been randomized to the placebo treatment group will be receiving placebo pills. During the 8 weeks (weeks: 7-14) extension phase, all veterans from both treatment groups of the RCT phase will start open-label, active Nepicastat (i.e. no chance of placebo) treatment and be followed by the study team for an additional 8 weeks. The veterans on the placebo during the RCT will receive the study medication at end of the study week 6, the medication will be initiated with a 3-day loading phase of 40 mg on day 1, 80 mg on day 2 and 120 mg on day 3 (orally) and be continued at 120 mg once daily for 8 weeks until the end of the study.
To optimize the delivery of all-trans retinoic acid to lung tissue, the potential of vehiculating this drug in liposomes and delivering it via aerosol was determined. Liposomes provide a means to prevent local irritation of lung tissue, reduce pulmonary toxicity, prolong therapeutic levels, and generate high drug concentrations at the tumor sites. Therefore, the delivery of ATRA to the lung tissue in mice was accomplished by nebulization of L-ATRA. The liposomes in the aerosol were uniform, stable, and retained the drug well. The drug was effectively delivered at high concentrations to the lungs of mice and was retained at least up to 96 h after a single exposure to L-ATRA aerosols. The aerosol-delivered ATRA was biologically active as demonstrated by its ability to induce the expression of tissue-type transglutaminase. Aerosol delivery of L-ATRA offers an effective way to deliver high levels of ATRA to the lung without apparent pulmonary toxic effects.
A pharmaceutical prepn. of hyaluronidase activity for external use in cases of thrombophlebitis, superficial thrombosis, ulcus cruris, varicose complaints, haemorrhoids, haematoma sprains, bruising, infiltration and endemia, uses as starting materials: oceanic scad (Trachurus trachurus) oceanic mackerel or Black Sea anchovies. Viscera, including selected gonads are extracted in successive stages of 24 hrs. each, at 4 deg.C by an acetic acid, sodium-acetate buffer soln. at pH 4.3. Finally the extracts are united at pH 4.3-4.4 and sodium-chloride is added at 90% saturation level, allowed to stand for 24 hrs. at +4 deg.C and centrifuged. The ppte. obtd. is dried in vacuo at max. 40 deg.C. This prepn. utilises fish waste for pharmaceutical purposes. It promotes subcutaneous absorption of injectable medicines, extended diffusion of anaesthetics and accelerated healing of wounds.
NDPP-Flex. The primary difference between NDPP-Flex and the standard NDPP is the approach to goal setting. In NDPP-Flex, coaches use the latest CDC-published curriculum, but adapted such that participants are encouraged to 1) set attainable, individually-tailored goals for risk-reduction, 2) adjust goals over time as needed, and 3) avoid all-or-nothing assessments of goal attainment. At each session, coaches provide a goal setting worksheet (see excerpt) with a simple, fillable format to better accommodate low literacy (e.g., "I will limit my soda and sugary drinks to __ per day").
OBJECTIVES: Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is characterized by abnormal connectivity between the posterior wall of the trachea or bronchus and the adjacent anterior wall of the oesophagus. Benign TEF can result in serious complications; however, there is currently no uniform standard to determine the appropriate surgical approach for repairing TEF.
METHODS: The PubMed database was used to search English literature associated with TEF from 1975 to October 2023. We employed Boolean operators and relevant keywords: 'tracheoesophageal fistula', 'tracheal resection', 'fistula suture', 'fistula repair', 'fistula closure', 'flap', 'patch', 'bioabsorbable material', 'bioprosthetic material', 'acellular dermal matrix', 'AlloDerm', 'double patch', 'oesophageal exclusion', 'oesophageal diversion' to search literature. The evidence level of the literature was assessed based on the GRADE classification.
RESULTS: Nutritional support, no severe pulmonary infection and weaning from mechanical ventilation were the 3 determinants for timing of operation. TEFs were classified into 3 levels: small TEF (<1 cm), moderate TEF (≥1 but <5 cm) and large TEF (≥5 cm). Fistula repair or tracheal segmental resection was used for the small TEF with normal tracheal status. If the anastomosis cannot be finished directly after tracheal segmental resection, special types of tracheal resection, such as slide tracheoplasty, oblique resection and reconstruction, and autologous tissue flaps were preferred depending upon the site and size of the fistula. Oesophageal exclusion was applicable to refractory TEF or patients with poor conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: The review primarily summarizes the main surgical techniques employed to repair various acquired TEF, to provide references that may contribute to the treatment of TEF.
INTRODUCTION: The use of a robotic system for the placement of pedicle screws in spine surgeries is well documented in the literature. However, there is only a single report in the United States describing the use of a robotic system to place two screws in osseous fixation pathways (OFPs) commonly used in the treatment of pelvic and acetabular fractures in a simulated bone model. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the use of a robotic system to place screws in multiple, clinically relevant OFPs in a cadaveric model and to quantitatively measure accuracy of screw placement relative to the preoperative plan.
METHODS: A single cadaveric specimen was obtained for the purpose of this study. All surrounding soft tissues were left intact. Screws were placed in OFPs, namely iliosacral (IS), trans-sacral (TS), Lateral Compression-II (LC-II), antegrade anterior column (AC) and antegrade posterior column (PC) of the right hemipelvis using standard, fluoroscopically assisted percutaneous or mini-open technique. Following the placement of screws into the right hemipelvis using standard techniques, screws were planned and placed in the same OFPs of the contralateral hemipelvis using the commercially available ExcelsiusGPS® robotic system (Globus Medical Inc., Audubon, PA). After robotic-assisted screw placement, a post-procedure CT scan was obtained to evaluate actual screw placement against the pre-procedure plan. A custom-made image analysis program was devised to measure screw tip/tail offset and angular offset on axial and sagittal planes.
RESULTS: For different OFPs, the mean tip offset, tail offset and angular offsets were 1.6 ± 0.9 mm (Range 0.0-3.6 mm), 1.4 ± 0.4 mm (Range 0.3-2.5 mm) and 1.1 ± 0.4° (Range 0.5-2.1), respectively.
CONCLUSION: In this feasibility study, surgeons were able to place screws into the clinically relevant fracture pathways of the pelvis using ExcelsiusGPS® for robotic-assisted surgery. The measured accuracy was encouraging; however, further investigation is needed to demonstrate that robotic-assisted surgery can be used to successfully place the screws in the bony corridors of the pelvis to treat traumatic pelvic injuries.
OBJECTIVES: We present our initial clinical experience applying Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgical (NOTES) technique to perform cholecystectomy in ten patients at a military institution.
METHODS: A posterior colpotomy was created to accommodate a single site working port used to facilitate dissection and gallbladder mobilization under direct visualization via an infraumbilical port. The specimen was retrieved through the vagina and the colpotomy was closed with absorbable suture under direct visualization. Long-term follow up was performed over the phone to assess quality of life with 2 widely used health-related quality of life (HRQoL) surveys including RAND-36 Health Item Survey (Version 1.0),1 and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).2.
RESULTS: Ten women underwent a laparoscopic-assisted transvaginal cholecystectomy (TVC) with 7 available for long-term follow-up. The average age was 28.9 years (20-37) and the indications for surgery included symptomatic cholelithiasis (9) and biliary dyskinesia (1). The mean operative time was 129 mins (95-180), and median blood loss was 34 ml (5-400). There were no conversions and the average length of stay was 9.98 hours (2.4-28.8). Pain (analogue scale 1-10) on postoperative day three was minimal (mean 2.3) and was limited to the infraumbilical incision. On average patients returned to work by postoperative day six and resumed normal daily activities at seven days. Immediate postoperative complications included one incident of postoperative urinary retention requiring bladder catheterization. One intra-operative cholangiogram was successfully performed due to elevated preoperative liver enzymes without significant findings. Long-term complications included one asymptomatic incisional hernia repair at the infraumbilical port site. The RAND-36 survey demonstrated an average physical and mental health summary score of 82.2 and 63.7 with an average general health score of 63.6. The average FSFI total score was 21.8.
CONCLUSION: TVC is safe and effective. Implementation may improve operational readiness by returning service members to normal activities more expeditiously than conventional laparoscopy.
Nitrates — Administration of CIALIS to patients who are using any form of organic nitrate, is contraindicated. In clinical pharmacology studies, CIALIS was shown to potentiate the hypotensive effect of nitrates. In a patient who has taken CIALIS, where nitrate administration is deemed medically necessary in a life-threatening situation, at least 48 hours should elapse after the last dose of CIALIS before nitrate administration is considered. In such circumstances, nitrates should still only be administered under close medical supervision with appropriate hemodynamic monitoring [see Dosage and Administration (2.7), Contraindications (4.1), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. 

Alpha-Blockers — Caution is advised when PDE5 inhibitors are coadministered with alpha-blockers. PDE5 inhibitors, including CIALIS, and alpha-adrenergic blocking agents are both vasodilators with blood-pressure-lowering effects. When vasodilators are used in combination, an additive effect on blood pressure may be anticipated. Clinical pharmacology studies have been conducted with coadministration of tadalafil with doxazosin, tamsulosin or alfuzosin. [see Dosage and Administration (2.7), Warnings and Precautions (5.6), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. 

Antihypertensives — PDE5 inhibitors, including tadalafil, are mild systemic vasodilators. Clinical pharmacology studies were conducted to assess the effect of tadalafil on the potentiation of the blood-pressure-lowering effects of selected antihypertensive medications (amlodipine, angiotensin II receptor blockers, bendrofluazide, enalapril, and metoprolol). Small reductions in blood pressure occurred following coadministration of tadalafil with these agents compared with placebo. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].

Alcohol — Both alcohol and tadalafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, act as mild vasodilators. When mild vasodilators are taken in combination, blood-pressure-lowering effects of each individual compound may be increased. Substantial consumption of alcohol (e.g., 5 units or greater) in combination with CIALIS can increase the potential for orthostatic signs and symptoms, including increase in heart rate, decrease in standing blood pressure, dizziness, and headache. Tadalafil did not affect alcohol plasma concentrations and alcohol did not affect tadalafil plasma concentrations. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].
Trauma is a leading cause of death in the United States. Advancements in shock resuscitation have been disappointing because the correct upstream mechanisms of injury are not being targeted. Recently, significant advancements have been shown using new cell-impermeant molecules that work by transferring metabolic water from swollen ischemic cells to the capillary, which restores tissue perfusion by microcirculatory decompression. The rapid normalization of oxygen transfer improves resuscitation outcomes. Since poor resuscitation and perfusion of trauma patients also causes critical illness and sepsis and can be mimicked by ischemia-reperfusion of splanchnic tissues, we hypothesized that inadequate oxygenation of the gut during trauma drives development of later shock and critical illness. We further hypothesized that this is caused by ischemia-induced water shifts causing compression no-reflow. To test this, the superior mesenteric artery of juvenile anesthetized swine was occluded for 30 minutes followed by 8 hours of reperfusion to induce mild splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock. One group received the impermeant polyethylene glycol 20,000 Da (PEG-20k) that prevents metabolic cell swelling, and the other received a lactated Ringer's vehicle. Survival doubled in PEG-20k-treated swine along with improved macrohemodynamics and intestinal mucosal perfusion. Villus morphometry and plasma inflammatory cytokines normalized with impermeants. Plasma endotoxin rose over time after reperfusion, and impermeants abolished the rise. Inert osmotically active cell impermeants like PEG-20k improve intestinal reperfusion injury, SAO shock, and early signs of sepsis, which may be due to early restoration of mucosal perfusion and preservation of the septic barrier by reversal of ischemic compression no-reflow. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Significant advancements in treating shock and ischemia have been disappointing because the correct upstream causes have not been targeted. This study supports that poor tissue perfusion after intestinal ischemia from shock is caused by capillary compression no-reflow secondary to metabolic cell and tissue swelling since selectively targeting this issue with novel polyethylene glycol 20,000 Da-based cell-impermeant intravenous solutions reduces splanchnic artery occlusion shock, doubles survival time, restores tissue microperfusion, and preserves gut barrier function.
The present invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating coronary diseases, which is mainly composed of the following raw materials by weight portions: 2 to 4 portions of common monkshood mother root powder, 5 to 10 portions of asarum herb, 10 to 15 portions of long pepper, 15 to 20 portions of cassia twig, 10 to 15 portions of clove, 20 to 30 portions of chuanxiong rhizome, 15 to 20 portions of safflower, 15 to 20 portions of corydalis tuber, 5 to 10 portions of notoginseng, 30 to 45 portions of astragalus root, 15 to 20 portions of achyranthis root and 3 to 6 portions of borneol. Common coronary heart disease treatment ony use an oral administration traditional Chinese medicine which has the functions of activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis, expanding blood vessels, improving cardiac functions and reducing myocardial oxygen consumption. The external-application medicine powder of the present invention also uses various kinds of external-application medicine (achyranthes root, notoginseng, radix aconite, asarum herb, etc.) which is not suitable for (or cautiously used for) oral administration, and the external-application medicine is conventionally used for expelling rheumatism, dispelling cold, easing pain by local anesthesia and alleviating pain. Moreover, the present invention is capable of sending out fragrance and inducing resuscitation. The present invention is traditional Chinese medicine containing volatile oil and has strong penetrating force. The medicines are combined and matched to increase the medical effects, so the present invention achieves the better effects of treating coronary diseases.
The invention discloses a salmonella typhimurium X3306lux and applications of salmonella typhimurium X3306lux in living body imaging. The bacterial strain is preserved in depositary authority designated by the state intellectual property office, the preservation data is 13 March, 2012, the depositary authority is China general microbiological culture collection center, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.5895. The salmonella typhimurium X3306lux is a virulent strain carrying virulent plasmids pStSR100, can be taken as a standard strain, and is applied to the research of the pathogenic mechanism of salmonella typhimurium. X3306lux is the bacterial strain with stable bioluminescence property, which is constructed based on X3306. By the site-specific recombination, a housekeeping gene E.colifrr promoter and a Lux operon are inserted into chromosome of X3306 for stable expression (meanwhile, the insertion site does not damage the gene functions of a genome, and the bacteria can not suffer from the adverse influence). The Lux operon conducts constitutive expression on luciferase and a substrate under the regulation of the housekeeping gene E.colifrr promoter connected with the Lux operon at the upstream, the bacteria can light without additionally adding screening pressure and the substrate.
Baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) is a new treatment option for patients (pts) suffering from heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) to improve functional status and quality of life. Yet it is unknown which pts of the whole HFrEF population are most likely to benefit from this new promising therapy. As this invasive technique should definitely not be proposed for all HFrEF pts with left ventricular ejection fraction of 35 % or less the aim of this single center prospective clinical trial is to evaluate to which extent possible factors (e.g. cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), atrial fibrillation) may influence the response to BAT. To analyze any possible differences concerning the modulation of the autonomic nervous system caused by BAT in the presence of atrial fibrillation or cardiac resynchronization therapy, heart rate variability (HRV) analyses will be performed additionally. As autonomic nervous activity plays a pivotal role in the genesis and termination of atrial fibrillation any possible impact of baroreflex activation therapy on atrial fibrillation will be examined.
The invention relates to crystalline forms of a β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), methods of their preparation, and related pharmaceutical preparations thereof. In one aspect, a crystalline compound of formula (I): In another aspect, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a crystalline compound of formula (I) and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. In yet another aspect, a method for preparing a crystalline compound of formula (I) comprising providing a mixture of a compound of formula (I) in a solvent and crystallising the compound of formula (I) from the mixture. The crystalline compound of formula (I) may be anhydrous or a solvate. Preferred solvents include dimethylsulfoxide, methanol and water. The solution may be brought to the point of supersaturation to precipitate out the compound of formula (I). This may be achieved by adding an anti-solvent or by cooling the solution to ambient temperature or lower.
A method of dosing an empathogen/entactogen in treating patients, by assessing patient characteristics before empathogen/entactogen use, administering empathogen/entactogen to the patient based on the patient characteristics, and producing maximum positive subjective acute effects in the patient. A method of determining a dose of an empathogen/entactogen based on body weight, sex, and CYP2D6 activity by assessing patient characteristics of body weight, sex, and CYP2D6 activity before empathogen/entactogen use, administering the empathogen/entactogen to the patient based on the patient characteristics, and producing maximum positive subjective acute effects in the patient. A method of refining dosing of an empathogen/entactogen. A method of predicting future dosing with an empathogen/entactogen. A method of evaluating feasibility of patients to receive an empathogen/entactogen as treatment. A method of optimizing empathogen/entactogen treatment in a patient.