anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Prescribers or other health professionals should inform patients, their families, and their caregivers about the benefits and risks associated with treatment with fluoxetine capsules and should counsel them in its appropriate use. A patient Medication Guide about “Antidepressant Medicines, Depression and other Serious Mental Illnesses, and Suicidal Thoughts or Actions” is available for fluoxetine capsules. The prescriber or health professional should instruct patients, their families, and their caregivers to read the Medication Guide and should assist them in understanding its contents. Patients should be given the opportunity to discuss the contents of the Medication Guide and to obtain answers to any questions they may have. The complete text of the Medication Guide is reprinted at the end of this document.

Patients should be advised of the following issues and asked to alert their prescriber if these occur while taking fluoxetine capsules.
BACKGROUND: Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is critical in the inflammatory response to gout. Potassium ion (K+) efflux mediated by the TWIK2 channel is an important upstream mechanism for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore, the TWIK2 channel may be a promising therapeutic target for MSU crystal-induced inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ML335, a known K2P channel modulator, on MSU crystal-induced inflammatory responses and its underlying molecular mechanisms.
METHODS: By molecular docking, we calculated the binding energies and inhibition constants of five K2P channel modulators (Hydroxychloroquine, Fluoxetine, DCPIB, ML365 and ML335) with TWIK2. Intracellular potassium ion concentration and mitochondrial function were assessed by flow cytometry. The interaction between MARCH5 and SIRT3 was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting assay. MSU suspensions were injected into mouse paw and peritoneal cavity to induce acute gout model.
RESULTS: ML335 has the highest binding energy and the lowest inhibition constant with TWIK2 in the five calculated K2P channel modulators. In comparison, among these five compounds, ML335 efficiently inhibited the release of IL-1β from MSU crystal-treated BMDMs. ML335 decreased MSU crystal-induced K+ efflux mainly dependent on TWIK2 channel. More importantly, ML335 can effectively inhibit the expression of the mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH5 induced by MSU crystals, and MARCH5 can interact with the SIRT3 protein. ML335 blocked MSU crystal-induced ubiquitination of SIRT3 protein by MARCH5. In addition, ML335 improved mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis and mitochondrial function by inhibiting MARCH5 protein expression. ML335 attenuated the inflammatory response induced by MSU crystals in vivo and in vitro.
CONCLUSION: Inhibition of TWIK2-mediated K+ efflux by ML335 alleviated mitochondrial injury via suppressing March5 expression, suggesting that ML335 may be an effective candidate for the future treatment of gout.
The present invention provides a single-stranded oligonucleotide which can efficiently control a target gene and can be easily produced. The single-stranded oligonucleotide is represented by formula (1), wherein X is represented by Xa-Xb, Xa is linked to Y, and Xb is capable of hybridizing to Y. Xa consists of 1-40 nucleotides and contains at least 1 modified nucleotide. Xb consists of 4-40 nucleotides, containing at least 1 modified nucleotide. Y consists of 4-40 nucleotides and comprises at least 1 ribonucleotide. Xz, Yz consist of 5-40 nucleotides, comprising at least 1 modified nucleotide. The nucleotide sequences X, Xz, Yz have antisense sequences capable of hybridizing with the target RNA. Lx and Ly consist of 0-20 nucleotides.
Instruction on mindfulness concepts and practices. Classes are 45-90 minutes each and held weekly for 12 weeks.
Group B will receive just myofacial release technique and routine physiotherapy. Pain, range of motion and functional disability will be measured before session, immediate effect after first session, then after 06 weeks (18 session) and after weeks 12 (18 session) (3 sessions a week with 7-10 repetitions). with simple myoficial release technique by applying gentle sustained pressure to the myoficial layer for 30-50 seconds. The myofacial release technique will apply on lumber region and calf musle. Group B will receive myofacial release techniqe and routine physiotherapy.
BACKGROUND: Post herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a chronic neuropathic pain syndrome which presents after an episode of herpes zoster caused by the reactivation of varicella zoster virus. Conservative treatment starts with pharmacological measures using Anti-epileptics and Antidepressants. Some patients also respond well to epidural steroid injections too, but the effect is usually short lasting. Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulator (DRG-S) has recently been suggested as a new treatment modality for PHN due to its selective targeting of the pathophysiologic focus.
CASE SERIES: We are reporting three cases, who were suffering from neuropathic pain after an episode of herpes zoster. Pain and pain related suffering scores were high, even with multiple antiepileptics and opioid medications. They underwent DRG-S implant and appreciated more than 50% reduction of their pain score, meaningful reduction in the dose of medications along with significant improvement of their general well being measured using Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), pain disability index (PDI), and 9 Question Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). To our knowledge this is the first report on DRG stimulator from the Middle East Region.
CONCLUSION: DRG-S has potential to be a preferable treatment option in patients with refractory PHN and acts as a specific targeted therapy in the treatment of these patients.
Visceral and somatic pain serve as protective mechanisms against external threats. Accumulated evidence has confirmed that the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) plays an important role in the perception of visceral and somatic pain, whereas the exact neural pathways and molecules distinguishing them remain unclear. Here, we report distinct neuronal ensembles within the PVH dedicated to processing visceral and somatic pain signals. An essential discovery is the distinct expression of P2X3R and VIPR2 in visceral and somatic pain-activated PVH neuronal ensembles. Furthermore, visceral pain- and somatic pain-responsive PVH neuronal ensembles project to specific downstream regions, the ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus (LSV) and the caudal part of the zona incerta (ZIC), respectively. These findings unveil that the PVH acts as a pain sorting center that distinctly processes visceral and somatic pain, identifying potential molecular targets for specific pain processing and providing a new framework for comprehending how the brain processes nociceptive information.
BACKGROUND: Virtual reality field testing may provide an alternative to standard automated perimetry. This study evaluates a virtual reality game-based automated perimetry in a healthy pediatric population.
METHODS: A prospective series of pediatric patients at one institution who performed VisuALL perimetry (Olleyes Inc, Summit, NJ) using a game-based algorithm. Participants were examined by an experienced pediatric optometrist or ophthalmologist, who confirmed that there was no evidence of ocular disease expected to affect visual fields. Testing was performed binocularly, with the child wearing their spectacle correction in place. Age, refractive error, test duration, false positives, and stereoacuity were evaluated for associations with performance on VisuALL, as defined by mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD).
RESULTS: A total of 191 eyes of 97 patients (54% female) were included, with a mean age of 11.9 ± 3.1 years. The average MD was -1.82 ± 3.5 dB, with a mean foveal sensitivity of 32.0 ± 4.7 dB. Fifty-nine eyes (30.9%) had MD < -2 dB. Better performance, as assessed by MD and PSD, was associated with shorter test duration (P < 0.001) and older age (P < 0.001). False positives (P = 0.442), wearing spectacles (P = 0.092), Titmus stereoacuity (P = 0.197), and refractive error (P = 0.120) did not appear to be associated with improved performance, adjusting for age as a covariate.
CONCLUSIONS: VisuALL virtual reality field testing was well tolerated in this pediatric study cohort. Older age and shorter test duration were associated with better performance on field testing.
Osteoid osteoma is a benign osteoblastic tumour with a predilection for the lower extremity that rarely affects the forearm. It is commonly seen in adolescents and young adults, and is seldom diagnosed in the paediatric age group. We report a boy in his early childhood who presented with a swelling over the distal forearm, which was incidentally noted by the mother 3 months ago. Plain radiographs showed diffuse sclerosis of the dorsal cortex of the distal radius. CT scan showed a central lucent nidus in the intramedullary region and surrounding sclerosis in the radial metaphysis, confirming the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. The patient was successfully treated by surgical en bloc resection of the nidus and was asymptomatic at 1-year follow-up. Non-specific symptoms at presentation make it a challenge to diagnose osteoid osteoma in children and it needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis when radiographs show lytic lesions in the bone.
Misoprostol is the most widely used drug for abortion due to its low cost, stability and easy to use regimen. Nevertheless, there is a debate whether the administration of dry misoprostol has similar effects compared to wet pill. It would be necessary to undertake a clinical trial to evaluate which regimen (dry or wet) offers a better cervical dilation pre uterine evacuation. The primary objective of this study is to compare the degree of cervical dilatation pre-uterine evacuation in subject that received 400 µg of dry or wet misoprostol 3 or more hours before the procedure. Secondary objective is to verify whether there is a correlation between vaginal pH (\<5 / ≥5) and the degree of cervical dilation (≥8mm / \<8mm) with the use of wet or dry misoprostol. Women will be randomized to one of the two groups: dry or wet misoprostol.
An oligonucleotide aptamer Apt-C4 for identifying colorectal cancer serum with high specificity, a derivative and an application thereof, belonging to the technical field of molecular biomedicine. The nucleic acid sequence of the oligonucleotide aptamer Apt-C4 is shown in SEQ ID NO. 1. The screening method comprises the following steps: by utilizing a subtractive SELEX technology, colorectal cancer cell culture solution and colorectal epithelial cell culture solution are used as positive screening targets, colorectal epithelial cell culture solution is used as a reverse screening target, and an oligonucleotide aptamer Apt-C4 specifically binding with serum of a colorectal cancer patient is screened from a random library through repeated incubation, elution and amplification. The invention also provides application of the oligonucleotide aptamer Apt-C4 in specific identification of colorectal cancer serum and colorectal cancer cell culture solution. Apt-C4 is used as a detection index of colorectal cancer serum, and can be used for auxiliary diagnosis and targeted therapy of colorectal cancer or relevant basic research of colorectal cancer diseases.
Elevated lipoprotein concentrations are a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Effective reduction of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations has been shown to greatly reduce this risk. The most widely used lipid-lowering agents are the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins), which have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) in large prospective clinical trials. However, despite significant LDL-C reduction approximately 70% of the events are still not avoided and the search for improved or alternative lipid-modifying drug therapies continuous. HDL-C has been addressed as a potential modifiable target for decreasing this residual risk, since a low HDL-C concentration is an acknowledged independent risk factor for CHD. However, recent studies showed that an increase in HDL-C concentrations was surprisingly not associated with a decrease in atherosclerosis, but with a possible increase. Therefore it seems that not the concentrations of HDL-C should be targeted but HDL function in reverse cholesterol transport.

Lifibrol is a lipid-modifying drug which has been shown to improve HDL particle flux via increased apoA-I production, while not having HDL-raising properties. Furthermore, it decreases dose-dependently LDL-C by up to 40%. It is of major interest to clarify the, apparently unique, mechanisms of action of a compound, whose LDL-lowering effects are comparable in magnitude to the ones of statins.

The mechanisms of lifibrol's LDL-lowering effects are not completely clarified. There is evidence suggesting that it increases hepatic LDL receptor expression by a sterol-independent mechanism, i.e. not through a reduction in cholesterol synthesis, the mechanism of action of statins. ApoB turnover studies have indicated that increased catabolism of LDL rather than a decrease in hepatic apoB production may be responsible for its cholesterol-lowering effects. Since apoB metabolism and cholesterol synthesis are closely related, we designed a study to investigate the effects of lifibrol on the metabolism of apoB-100-containing lipoproteins and on endogenous sterol synthesis in parallel, using stable isotope methods. In addition, since lifibrol may inhibit cholesterol synthesis at steps earlier than HMG-CoA reductase, we investigated \[13C\]acetate catabolism analyzing 13CO2 appearance in breath. The HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitor pravastatin was used as comparator, since its mode of action is well characterized. The principle questions addressed were (i) whether lifibrol exerts its cholesterol-lowering effects through decreased synthesis/enhanced catabolism of apoB-100-containing lipoproteins or through inhibition of sterol de novo synthesis and (ii) whether these effects are interrelated.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The causal association between inflammatory cytokines and the development of intracranial aneurysm (IA), unruptured IA (uIA) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) lacks clarity.
METHODS: The summary-level datasets for inflammatory cytokines were extracted from a genome-wide association study of the Finnish Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults Study and the FINRISK survey. The summary statistics datasets related to IA, uIA and SAH were obtained from the genome-wide association study meta-analysis of the International Stroke Genetics Consortium and FinnGen Consortium. The primary method employed for analysis was inverse variance weighting (false discovery rate), supplemented by sensitivity analyses to address pleiotropy and enhance robustness.
RESULTS: In the International Stroke Genetics Consortium, 10, six and eight inflammatory cytokines exhibited a causal association with IA, uIA and SAH, respectively (false discovery rate, p < 0.05). In FinnGen datasets, macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 Alpha (MIP_1A), MIP_1A and interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP_10) were verified for IA, uIA and SAH, respectively. In the reverse Mendelian randomization analysis, the common cytokines altered by uIA and SAH were vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), MIP_1A, IL_9, IL_10 and IL_17, respectively. The meta-analysis results show that MIP_1A and IP_10 could be associated with the decreased risk of IA, and MIP_1A and IP_10 were associated with the decreased risk of uIA and SAH, respectively. Notably, the levels of VEGF, MIP_1A, IL_9, IL_10 and TNF_A were increased with uIA. Comprehensive heterogeneity and pleiotropy analyses confirmed the robustness of these results.
CONCLUSION: Our study unveils a bidirectional association between inflammatory cytokines and IA, uIA and SAH. Further investigations are essential to validate their relationship and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare an osteoplasty-accelerating agent having excellent propagation accelerating activity for osteoblast and useful as a prophylaxis and/or therapeutic agent against bone mass-reduced diseases such as osteoporosis by including Stanniocalcin as an active principle. SOLUTION: This osteoplasty-accelerating agent includes Stanniocalcin as an active principle. Stanniocalcin can be obtained by the method of Olsen H.S. et al. [according to the Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol.93, p.1972 (1996)]. More concretely, Stanniocalcin is obtained by the following procedure: finding a cDNA sequence of Stanniocalcin by retrieving the above literature or at least one gene bank or the like; obtaining the cDNA of Stanniocalcin based on the sequence data; subjecting an expression vector transformed with the cDNA to transfection into an animal cell or the like to obtain a Stanniocalcin expression cell; purifying a culture solution obtained by culturing the expression cell so as to obtain Stanniocalcin.
Group A included Post Isometric Relaxation, 5 rep , 20% isometric contraction 10 sec , 20 sec of stretch hold beyond resistance barrier and conventional exercise program ; this program included Hot pack placed over the painful area in cervical region before the treatment ( 20 minutes).Strengthening exercises for deep neck flexors, rhomboids, lower trapezius and serratus anterior due to weak muscles (2 sets of 10 repetitions once a day) Stretching exercises for pectoralis muscles (20-second hold, 5 repetitions).This exercise protocol was for 4 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Measurements taken at baseline level and at the End of treatment, i.e. ROM, pain intensity by NPRS and PPT , functional disability.
Pharmacokinetics: Following a single 200 mg oral dose of hydroxychloroquine sulfate to healthy males, the mean peak blood concentration of hydroxychloroquine was 129.6 ng/mL, reached in 3.26 hours with a half-life of 537 hours (22.4 days). In the same study, the plasma peak concentration was 50.3 ng/mL reached in 3.74 hours with a half-life of 2963 hours (123.5 days). Urine hydroxychloroquine levels were still detectable after 3 months with approximately 10% of the dose excreted as the parent drug. Results following a single dose of a 200 mg tablet versus i.v. infusion (155 mg), demonstrated a half-life of about 40 days and a large volume of distribution. Peak blood concentrations of metabolites were observed at the same time as peak levels of hydroxychloroquine. The mean fraction of the dose absorbed was 0.74. After administration of single 155 mg and 310 mg intravenous doses, peak blood concentrations ranged from 1161 ng/mL to 2436 ng/mL (mean 1918 ng/mL) following the 155 mg infusion and 6 months following the 310 mg infusion. Pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly different over the therapeutic dose range of 155 mg and 310 mg indicating linear kinetics.

Following chronic oral administration of hydroxychloroquine, significant levels of three metabolites, desethylhydroxychloroquine (DHCQ), desethylchloroquine (DCQ), and bidesethylhydroxychloroquine (BDCQ) have been found in plasma and blood, with DHCQ being the major metabolite. The absorption half-life was approximately 3 to 4 hours and the terminal half-life ranged from 40 to 50 days. The long half-life can be attributed to extensive tissue uptake rather than through decreased excretion. Peak plasma levels of hydroxychloroquine were seen in about 3 to 4 hours. Renal clearance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients taking hydroxychloroquine sulfate for at least six months seemed to be similar to that of the single dose studies in volunteers, suggesting that no change occurs with chronic dosing. Range for renal clearance of unchanged drug was approximately 16 to 30% and did not correlate with creatinine clearance; therefore, a dosage adjustment is not required for patients with renal impairment. In RA patients, there was large variability as to the fraction of the dose absorbed (i.e. 30 to 100%), and mean hydroxychloroquine levels were significantly higher in patients with less disease activity. Cellular levels of patients on daily hydroxychloroquine have been shown to be higher in mononuclear cells than polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
A total of 22 participants with suspected CTE were studied. Each received clinical and neuropsychological assessments, \[F-18\]FDDNP-PET scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, or computed tomography scans if they could not tolerate MRI (to assist in PET region of interest identification).
BACKGROUND: Rotator cuff tears are a common orthopedic injury, and the role of social determinants of health (SDoH) in surgical outcomes remains underexplored. The goal of this study was to investigate the correlation between social deprivation, measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and outcomes following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review on patients undergoing primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair at a level 1 academic center between 2006 and 2019. Patient demographics (age, gender, race), comorbidities, ADIs, range of motion, visual analog pain scores, and patient-reported outcomes (Simple Shoulder Test [SST], American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form [ASES], and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire [QuickDASH]) were collected. Patients were stratified into terciles based on their relative level of deprivation. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance, t tests, χ2 tests, and univariate or multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS: A total of 322 patients were included in this study. The most deprived group had a higher prevalence of diabetes compared to the least and intermediately deprived group (P < .001). Massive tear occurrence was greater in the least deprived group (P = .003) compared to the most deprived group. There was no difference in objective outcomes between groups. Patient-reported outcomes (SST, ASES, and QuickDASH scores) were worse in the most deprived group compared with the least and intermediate deprived groups.
CONCLUSION: Social deprivation significantly affects patient-reported outcomes in rotator cuff repair surgery. Although clinician-reported outcomes were consistent, patients' perceptions varied based on social determinants. Integrating SDoH considerations in orthopedic care is a promising next step in securing equitable approaches. However, more research is needed to validate and expand these findings.
Patients were treated with oncothermia 2 or 3 times a week. Treatment was performed for about 1 hours per each visits.
Calmer placed and left in infant incubator for the 3-week study period. Calmer treatment provided for minimum total of 3 hours/day (can be discontinuous).