anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PRURITUS: This adverse reaction occurs with approximately 10% of all patients. In most cases, pruritus can be alleviated with frequent application of bland emollients or other topical agents; severe pruritus may require systemic treatment. If pruritus is unresponsive to these measures, shield pruritic areas from further UVA exposure until the condition resolves. If intractable pruritus is generalized, UVA treatment should be discontinued until the pruritus disappears.

ERYTHEMA: Mild, transient erythema at 24-48 hours after PUVA therapy is an expected reaction and indicates that a therapeutic interaction between methoxsalen and UVA occurred. Any area showing moderate erythema (greater than Grade 2 - See Table 1 for grades of erythema) should be shielded during subsequent UVA exposures until the erythema has resolved. Erythema greater than Grade 2 which appears within 24 hours after UVA treatment may signal a potentially severe burn. Erythema may become progressively worse over the next 24 hours, since the peak erythemal reaction characteristically occurs 48 hours or later after methoxsalen ingestion. The patient should be protected from further UVA exposures and sunlight, and should be monitored closely.

IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PUVA ERYTHEMA AND SUNBURN: PUVA-induced inflammation differs from sunburn or UVB phototherapy in several ways. The % transmission of UVB varies between 0% to 34% through skin whereas UVA varies between 1% to 80% transmission; thus, UVA is transmitted to a larger % through the skin. (Diffey, 198222). The DNA lesions induced by PUVA are very different from UV-induced thymine dimers and may lead to a DNA crosslink. This DNA lesion may be more problematic to the cell because crosslinks are more lethal and psoralen-DNA photoproducts may be "new" or unfamiliar substrates for DNA repair enzymes. DNA synthesis is also suppressed longer after PUVA. The time course of delayed erythema is different with PUVA and may not involve the usual mediators seen in sunburn. PUVA-induced redness may be just beginning at 24 hours, when UVB erythema has already passed its peak. The erythema dose-response curve is also steeper for PUVA. Compared to equally erythemogenic doses of UVB, the histologic alterations induced by PUVA show more dermal vessel damage and longer duration of epidermal and dermal abnormalities.

OTHER ADVERSE REACTIONS: Those reported include edema, dizziness, headache, malaise, depression, hypopigmentation, vesiculation and bullae formation, non-specific rash, herpes simplex, miliaria, urticaria, folliculitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, cutaneous tenderness, leg cramps, hypotension, and extension of psoriasis.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTION, contact Strides Pharma Inc. at 1-877-244-9825 or go to www.strides.com or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
This review has focused on the development of mRNA nano-vaccine and the biochemical interactions of anti-COVID-19 mRNA vaccines with various disease conditions and age groups. It studied five major groups of individuals with different disease conditions and ages, including allergic background, infarction background, adolescent, and adult (youngsters), pregnant women, and elderly. All five groups had been reported to have background-related adverse effects. Allergic background individuals were observed to have higher chances of experiencing allergic reactions and even anaphylaxis. Individuals with an infarction background had a higher risk of vaccine-induced diseases, e.g. pneumonitis and interstitial lung diseases. Pregnant women were seen to suffer from obstetric and gynecological adverse effects after receiving vaccinations. However, interestingly, the elderly individuals (> 65 years old) had experienced milder and less frequent adverse effects compared to the adolescent (<19 and >9 years old) and young adulthood (19-39 years old), or middle adulthood (40-59 years old) age groups, while middle to late adolescent (14-17 years old) was the riskiest age group to vaccine-induced cardiovascular manifestations.
PURPOSE:To yield hardened matter which is easily stickable to the tissue of the gingiva, tooth substance, etc., and does not dislodge and collapse over a long period of time with a water-settable compd. CONSTITUTION:The water-settable compd. is compounded at 5 to 30 pts.wt. ratio, the resin at 10 to 30 pts.wt. and the softener at 5 to 20 pts.wt. The water- settable compd. is exemplified by plaster, such as calcined gypsum, plaster and water-setting plaster and mixtures composed thereof. The synthetic resin is exemplified by vinyl acetate resins, vinyl acetal resins, etc., and the natural resin includes, for example, rosin, ester gum, dammar, etc. The softener includes, for example, glycols, polyalkylene glycols, polyene compds., surfactants, vegetable oils, synthetic oils, etc. This compsn. sets rapidly after applied in the oral cavity and forms the cured matter which has excellent softness and adhesiveness and does not easily collapse.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To administer estrogen at a high rate without adding a permeation promoting agent by integrating estrogen in a matrix containing a pressure- sensitive tacky adhesive copolymer such as vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymer and delivering the estrogen from the matrix into blood flow. SOLUTION: A drug such as estrogen is dispersed in a pressure-sensitive tacky adhesive copolymer containing e.g. 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and a comonomer selected from vinyl acetate, acrylic acid and methyl acrylate and the dispersion is used as a drug-containing matrix for a percutaneous drug delivery device. The matrix of the above device preferably further contains a hydrophilic polymer, e.g. a water-soluble polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone. The thickness of the matrix is preferably about 10-250 μm.
Background and aims: Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is one of the most common infections of childhood and a leading cause for antibiotics prescription. In a previous study performed at a tertiary care pediatric emergency department, residents were found to have as low as a 52% sensitivity and 74% specificity for the diagnosis of AOM. Seeing this as an opportunity for substantial improvement, an e-learning module on AOM intended for medical students was designed. The primary objective of this study is to measure the impact of this e-learning module on the trainees' ability to appropriately diagnose AOM. The secondary objectives are to assess the preferred learning modality, to evaluate if our e-learning module is associated with improved knowledge on AOM and with better retention at 3 weeks.

Methods: This will be a randomized trial performed at a single tertiary care pediatric emergency department. The participants will be third- and fourth-year medical students doing a general pediatrics rotation. The participants will be randomized to completing the e-learning module at the beginning of their rotation or to receive a 2-hour lecture on the topic of AOM. The primary outcome will be ear examination accuracy measured during their shifts at the emergency department. To measure this, participants will be asked to examine a minimum of five children at risk for AOM, defined as 12-60 months old of age with fever or respiratory symptoms. They will be questioned about the presence or absence of AOM in each examined ear. Attending physicians will control all exams and write down their diagnosis. The primary analysis will be the difference in diagnostic accuracies between the trainees who completed the E-learning module and those who received the lecture. A sample size of 80 medical students each examining a minimum of five children would provide a power of 90% and an alpha-value of 0,05 to demonstrate a difference of 15% in the AOM diagnostic accuracies of medical students who have completed an E-learning module on AOM compared with those receiving a standard lecture on the same topic.
The present invention provides stem cells loaded with bi-functional magnetic nanoparticles (nanoparticle-loaded stem cells (NLSC)) that both: a) heat in an alternating magnetic field (AMF); and b) provide MRI contrast enhancement for MR-guided hyperthermia. The nanoparticles in the NLSC are non-toxic, and do not alter stem cell proliferation and differentiation, the nanoparticles do however, become heated in an alternating magnetic field, enabling therapeutic applications for cancer treatment. Due to the fact that circulating stem cells home to tumors and metastasis, and participate in neovascularization of growing tumors, the NLSC of the present invention allows tracking of the tissue distribution of infused stem cells and selective heating of targeted tissues with AMF. NLSC can deliver hyperthermia to hypoxic areas in tumors for sensitization of those areas to subsequent treatment, thus delivering therapy to the most treatment-resistant tumor regions. The heating of diseased tissue either results in direct cell killing or makes the tumor more susceptible to radio- and/or chemotherapy. The targeted hyperthermia provided by the present invention has clinical potential because it is associated with fewer side effects, and can also be used in combination with conventional treatment modalities, significantly enhancing their effectiveness. The NLSC of the present invention can be used for MR image-guided hyperthermia in oncology, in stem cell research for cell tracking and heating, and for elimination of mis-injected stem cells.
The present invention re-lates to a method for treating non-infec-tious, inflammatory chronic posterior blepharitis in a subject. The present in-vention also relates to a method for treating chronic posterior blepharitis in a subject for over two weeks. The method comprises identifying a subject in need thereof, and topically adminis-tering to the eye of the subject a phar-maceutical formulation consisting es-sentially of an effective amount azithromycin. The present invention fur-ther relates to a method for treating dry eye secondary to blepharitis in a subject.  The method comprises the steps of:  identifying a subject suffering from dry eye secondary to posterior blepharitis, and topically administering to the eye of the subject a pharmaceutical formula-tion comprising an effective amount of azithromycin. The present invention fur-ther relates to method for reducing con-tact lens intolerance of a subject due to blepharitis or dry eye secondary to ble-pharitis.
Exposure to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is ubiquitous due to their persistence in the environment and in humans. Extreme weight loss has been shown to influence concentrations of circulating persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Using data from the multi-center perspective Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) cohort, we investigated changes in plasma-PFAS in adolescents after bariatric surgery. Adolescents (Mean age = 17.1 years, SD = 1.5 years) undergoing bariatric surgery were enrolled in the Teen-LABS study. Plasma-PFAS were measured at the time of surgery and then 6-, 12-, and 36 months post-surgery. Linear mixed effect models were used to evaluate longitudinal changes in plasma-PFAS after the time of bariatric surgery. This study included 214 adolescents with severe obesity who had available longitudinal measures of plasma-PFAS and underwent bariatric surgery between 2007 and 2012. Underlying effects related to undergoing bariatric surgery were found to be associated with an initial increase or plateau in concentrations of circulating PFAS up to 6 months after surgery followed by a persistent decline in concentrations of 36 months (p < 0.001 for all plasma-PFAS). Bariatric surgery in adolescents was associated with a decline in circulating PFAS concentrations. Initially following bariatric surgery (0-6 months) concentrations were static followed by decline from 6 to 36 months following surgery. This may have large public health implications as PFAS are known to be associated with numerous metabolic related diseases and the significant reduction in circulating PFAS in individuals who have undergone bariatric surgery may be related to the improvement of such metabolic related diseases following bariatric surgery.
Once therapy is initiated, pain relief and other opioid effects should be frequently assessed. In clinical practice, titration of the total daily OPANA ER dose should be based upon the amount of supplemental opioid utilization, severity of the patient’s pain, and the patient’s ability to tolerate the opioid. Patients should be titrated to generally mild or no pain with the regular use of no more than two doses of supplemental analgesia, i.e. “rescue,” per 24 hours.

If signs of excessive opioid-related adverse experiences are observed, the next dose may be reduced. If this adjustment leads to inadequate analgesia, a supplemental dose of OPANA, another immediate-release opioid, or a non-opioid analgesic may be administered. Dose adjustments should be made to obtain an appropriate balance between pain relief and opioid-related adverse experiences. If significant adverse events occur before the therapeutic goal of mild or no pain is achieved, the events should be treated aggressively. Once adverse events are under control, upward titration should continue to an acceptable level of pain control.

During periods of changing analgesic requirements, including initial titration, frequent contact is recommended between physician, other members of the healthcare team, the patient and the caregiver/family. Patients and caregivers/family members should be advised of the potential side effects.
BACKGROUND: The prognosis of back pain (BP) in the older adults is less favorable than in younger adults and progress to adverse outcomes and consequent worsening of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The present study aimed to verify the association between BP intensity, disability and HRQoL in older adults residents in Brazil and Netherlands, and to evaluate whether the country of residence influences the associations.
METHODS: Data were collected from 602 Brazilian and 675 Dutch participants with a new episode of BP from the Back Complaints in Elders (BACE) consortium. For the present study, a cross section was used. Pain intensity and disability were assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), respectively. HRQoL was assessed using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) quality of life questionnaire. Age, sex, and education were descriptive variables. Pain intensity (NPS score) and country were the independent variables and quality of life assessed by each SF domain - 36 was the dependent variable. Analysis of models at the individual level was performed to verify the association between pain and disability, also HRQoL in Netherlands and Brazil in the total sample. The multilevel model was used to verify whether the older adults person's country of residence influenced this relationship.
RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 67.00 (7.33) years. In the total sample, linear regression analysis adjusted for sex and age showed a significant association between BP intensity scores and HRQoL, for all domains. There was no association between disability and HRQoL. In the multilevel analysis, there was an association between BP intensity and HRQoL in all domains and an association between the country of residence and HRQoL, influencing the effect of pain, in all domains, except for the physical functioning.
CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic and cultural aspects of different countries can affect the perception of the elderly about their HRQoL in the presence of BP. Pain and disability in Brazilian and Dutch older adults ones are experienced differently in relation to their HRQoL.
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is estimated to affect over 33 million people worldwide and is associated with significant co-morbidities such as embolic stroke, heart failure, dementia. Consequently, AF poses a significant burden to the healthcare system, in both direct and indirect costs. The management of AF is complex, especially for patients with persistent AF, which is defined as sustained AF for \> 7 days. It is preferable to terminate the AF and restore normal sinus rhythm for relief of symptoms associated with AF or improvement of cardiac structure and function. The maintenance of AF, especially persistent AF is associated with fibrosis of left atria. Furthermore, AF itself promotes fibrosis, which in turn leads to increased conduction heterogeneity within the atrial substrate resulting in further progression of AF. In animal models, alterations in myocytes after sustained AF resemble those of myocardial hibernation. Ultimately, these structural changes would lead to Calcium overload and metabolic stress, similar changes have been observed in humans. In humans, atrial dilatation and degenerative changes have been observed. Interstitial fibrosis is the prime cause of structural remodeling in left atrium. In AF patients who did not experience AF recurrence after catheter ablation, the reduction in left atrial size was more significant. In the past, a 15% reduction in left atrial volume has been defined as left atrial reverse remodeling and is associated with the maintenance of sinus rhythm after AF ablation. It remains unclear whether the reduction in left atrial size after the restoration of sinus rhythm through electrical or pharmacological cardioversion in patients with persistent AF can predict AF recurrence following radiofrequency ablation.

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between changes in left atrial size 3-6 months after electrical or pharmacological cardioversion in patients with persistent AF and AF recurrence within one year following radiofrequency ablation.

Methods: This study will be an observational trial of patients with persistent AF. Candidates will be identified among inpatients or outpatients if they have had at least two echocardiograms, one before and one 3-6 months after pharmacological or electrical cardioversion. Heart rhythm will be assessed through medical records and telephone surveys.
FIELD: medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: composition consists of sodium diclofenac-base antiinflammatory agent placed in polymeric carrier - interpolymeric complex consisting of linear or rare-linked polyacrylic or polymethacrylic acid and polymer taken from a group involving polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular mass is 4000-600000) and gelatin taken at mole ratio from 5: 1 to 1:2. Components were taken at the following ratio (at mass parts): sodium diclofenac 100; interpolymeric complex 25-150, and lactose (nonobligatory) 45-55. Composition is prepared by mixing parental components, moistening mixture with distilled water, granulation of moistened mixture, drying, powdering with calcium stearate, tabletting and protective shell application. Composition can be prepared by briquetting also. EFFECT: prolonged effective concentration of drug in blood. 3 tbl
The incidence of intraoperative hypoxaemia in children is high and age-dependent. An incidence of over 10 % is reported in8- to 16-year-old children and over50 % in newborns. Severe respiratory critical events occur in paediatric anaesthesia with an incidence of 3.1 %. After the onset of apnoea, hypoxaemia develops more rapidly in children than in adults, which is due to increased oxygen consumption, a lower functional residual capacity and an increased closing capacity. These events can lead to permanent neurological damage or death. One approach to preventing adverse respiratory events due to hypoxaemia during paediatric anaesthesia is the use of apnoeic oxygenation. The principle is to supply oxygen to the airways of anaesthetised patients via a conventional nasal cannula. As less carbon dioxide is produced than oxygen is consumed during apnoea, the supply of oxygen to the upper airways leads to an 'inward diffusion' of oxygen, which prolongs the time until desaturation and hypoxaemia occur. This also extends the 'safe apnoea time' and the anaesthetist has more time to secure the airway. As the incidence and severity of arterial oxygen desaturation is higher in critically ill children compared to healthy children, this vulnerable group in particular could benefit from apnoeic oxygenation. Apnoeic oxygenation is increasingly becoming a standard technique in paediatric anaesthesia, with applications ranging from induction of anaesthesia in the operating theatre and standard airway management to the management of difficult airways. In its current guidelines, the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care recommends the use of apnoeic oxygenation in the airway management of newborns and infants. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation in terms of time to desaturation and hypoxaemia, as well as the impact of apnoeic oxygenation on intubation success in anaesthetised children.
The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for sustained release of a pain-relieving drug and a device for administration thereof. More particularly, the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention comprises: a first composition comprising a fibrinogen coagulation-stimulating factor; and a second composition comprising a fibrinogen solution, wherein at least one of the first composition and the second composition comprises a pain-relieving drug supported in a biodegradable polymer. The pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention can be delivered directly by injection before a surgical site is sealed during a surgical operation, can be fixed to a surgical site and allows delivery of a drug to a pain site at a fixed location for a long time. In addition, the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention can extend a medicinal effect-retaining period extremely after it is injected once. Thus, it is possible to increase the compliance of a patient and to reduce the medicinal cost ultimately. Further, it is possible to introduce various water-soluble or oil-soluble pharmaceuticals to the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention. Therefore, it is possible to develop sustained-release pharmaceutical formulations for various purposes, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and hormone formulations, in addition to a pharmaceutical formulation for inhibiting pain.
PURPOSE:To provide a suppository base having high distribution uniformity of active component, resistant to cracking and giving high yield of suppository, by adding a metal stearate to an oil or fat. CONSTITUTION:A metal stearate (e.g. aluminum monostearate, magnesium monostearate, etc.) is added to an oil or fat (e.g. cacao fat, a fatty acid triglyceride, etc.), and the mixture is heated to obtain a gelatinous liquid, which is used as the objective suppository base. The weight ratio of the oil or fat to the metal stearate is preferably 100:(0.5-20). The suppository produced by using the base of the present invention has high distribution uniformity of the active component and is resistant to cracking compared with conventional suppository. Accordingly, the base gives high production yield of the suppository. The effect is remarkable especially when the active component is insoluble to the suppository base.
Based on the findings from Aim 1, the optimal drug (RAPA or EVERO), interval between doses, and dose for INTERMITTENT delivery will be tested in a blinded placebo-controlled trial in older human subjects. The drug/dose/interval used in males may differ from the one used in females as the OD will be determined independently for the two sexes. PD parameters 'downstream' from mTOR will be followed. Although drug is delivered on an intermittent schedule, subjects will be given a pill each day (either drug or placebo, as scheduled) to maintain blinding.