anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Chronic pain induced by pathological insults to the sensorimotor system is a typical form of neuropathic pain (NP), and the underlying mechanism is complex. Currently, there are no successful therapeutic interventions for NP. Orexin B is a neuropeptide with a wide range of biological functions. However, the pharmacological function of orexin B in chronic neuropathic pain has been less studied. Here, we aim to examine the neuroprotective effects of orexin B in chronic constriction injury (CCI)- induced NP. Firstly, we found that orexin type 2 receptor (OX2R) but not orexin type 1 receptor (OX1R) was reduced in the spinal cord (SC) of CCI-treated rats. Mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency assays display that administration of orexin B clearly ameliorated CCI-evoked neuropathic pain dose-dependently. Notably, orexin B treatment also effectively prevented microglia activation by reducing the levels of IBA1. Additionally, orexin B was also found to suppress the inflammatory response in the SC tissue by reducing the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 as well as the production of NO and PGE2 in CCI-treated rats. Furthermore, orexin B administration attenuated oxidative stress (OS) by increasing the activity of SOD and the levels of GSH. Mechanically, orexin B prevented activation of JNK/NF-κB signaling in the SC of CCI-treated rats. Based on these findings, we conclude that orexin B might have a promising role in ameliorating CCI-evoked neuropathic pain through the inhibition of microglial activation and inflammatory response.
This study aims to examine the role of sleep quality, emotional and behavioral characteristics, and eating behavior in adolescents with obesity by means of cluster analysis. One hundred ninety-four adolescents (78 girls, 116 boys) aged 12-17 (mean 14.3 ± 2.7) with obesity (ICD-10 code E 66.0) entered the study. The Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale was used to evaluate sleep quality. The Achenbach Youth Self-Report for Ages 11-18 questionnaire was used to evaluate emotional and behavioral disturbances. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire was used to assess maladaptive eating. k-Means cluster analysis was used to clarify heterogeneity. Four clusters were identified: the first included anxious, depressed, socially withdrawn adolescents with thought problems and somatic complaints, non-aggressive, obedient, and having mean values on the sleep quality scale, inclined to restrict their food consumption. The second consisted of rule-breaking youngsters with poor sleep quality, reluctant to restrict their food consumption. The third comprised subjects with the highest values on the sleep quality and lowest values on emotional and behavioral problems, aimed at restricting food consumption. The fourth comprised adolescents with obvious signs of emotional disorders, poorest sleep quality, disinhibited behavior, and emotional and external eating. No statistically significant difference was found between the clusters in sex distribution. Patient allocation to the second or fourth cluster was associated with significantly higher body mass index values, as opposed to the reference third cluster.    Conclusion: There is significant variation in teenagers with obesity who have divergent psychological profiles, which should be taken into account. What is Known: • Patients with obesity present with different clinical characteristics. What is New: • Adolescents with obesity may be partitioned into clusters described in terms of emotional, behavioral patterns, including sleep characteristics, and maladaptive eating habits.
The intervention lasted for 6 months. Participants will revieve 30 minutes of training per day, at least three days per week. The tasks will be set to a fixed level of difficulty.
All patients depended on parenteral nutrition (PN) are prone to inflammation. This condition may aggravate already existing proinflammatory status and can become a critical factor for developing liver dysfunction (LD). Intravenous fish oil may attenuate the inflammatory status, , however, data on its use in adults is scarce. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the addition of pure fish oil intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) as part of short- and long term PN in patients either at risk or with already existing inflammation.

Retrospective analysis of 51 patients (27 female, 24 male, mean age 51.5±12.6 years) who received all-in-one PN including amino acids, glucose and lipids supplemented with pure fish oil LE was performed. Pure fish oil emulsion (Omegaven®, Fresenius Kabi) was used as the additional product along with the standard lipid emulsion to reach a fish oil dose of approx. 0.5 g fish oil/kg/d. Diagnoses were chronic intestinal failure (CIF, n=20), Crohn's disease (CD, n=22), and Ulcerative colitis (UC, n=19). The observation period was 12 months for CIF and 21days for UC and CD.
Opioids are commonly prescribed to patients with chronic pain. Chronic opioid usage comes with a slew of serious side effects, including opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). The patients with long-term opioid treatment experience paradoxical increases in nociceptive hypersensitivity, namely, OIH. Currently, treatment options for OIH are extremely lacking. In this study, we show that the ketogenic diet recovers the abnormal pain behavior caused by chronic morphine treatment in male mice, and we further show that the therapeutic effect of the ketogenic diet is mediated through gut microbiome. Our 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrates that chronic morphine treatment causes changes in mouse gut microbiota, specifically a decrease in short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria, and the sequencing data also show that the ketogenic diet rescues those bacteria in the mouse gut. More importantly, we show that supplementation with short-chain fatty acids (butyrate, propionate, and acetate) can delay the onset of OIH, indicating that short-chain fatty acids play a direct role in the development of OIH. Our findings suggest that gut microbiome could be targeted to treat OIH, and the ketogenic diet can be used as a complementary approach for pain relief in patients with chronic opioid treatment. We only used male mice in this study, and thus, our findings cannot be generalized to both sexes.
Two sentinel subjects (1 active and 1 placebo) will be dosed first and then reaming 6 subjects will dosed within 7 days. The dose to be administered is 1500 mg single Intravenous dose of GMA301 Injection.
The invention relates to a sustained-release pharmaceutical composition comprising metoclopramide chlorhydrate in the form of tablets containing 15 mg of the active principle, intended for use in gastrointestinal disorders. The formulation mainly consists of a hydrophilic polymer, a hydrophobic polymer, a hydrophilic component and metoclopramide chlorhydrate. The hydrophilic polymer swells due to hydration upon contact with water, forming a layer of gel which controls the release of the active principle. The water inside the matrix dissolves the active principle which spreads towards the exterior through the layer of gel. The hydrophobic polymer displays plastic deformation properties under compression, surrounding the particles of the active principle and reducing the quantity and dimensions of the pores in the matrix structure, thereby slowing the release of the active principle. The hydrophilic component forms part of the structure of the gel layer, supporting same. The active principle is metoclopramide chlorhydrate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Compounds with reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity that are more potent and less toxic than the nucleoside analogues are needed. Nevirapine (BI-RG-587) has shown in vitro inhibitory activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and has shown a synergistic inhibition of HIV-1 replication when combined with zidovudine (AZT) in a plaque reduction assay.

Sixty mildly to moderately symptomatic HIV-infected children (five patients in each of four age groups) will receive oral nevirapine at 1 of 3 doses for 168 days. If preliminary activity is demonstrated and toxicity is acceptable after 84 days of treatment in the three oldest age groups (ages 2 months - less than 2 years, ages 2 years - less than 13 years, and ages 13 years - less than 18 years), children ages 1 day - less than 2 months will receive one of the three doses of nevirapine. Additionally, 15 additional patients (five in each of three age groups) will receive zidovudine in combination with nevirapine. At the end of 24 weeks of combination therapy, patients discontinue zidovudine for 2 weeks while remaining on nevirapine, in order for pharmacokinetic sampling to be done. Children will be enrolled sequentially by decreasing age and increasing nevirapine dose.
OBJECTIVE: This article describes the clinical features and treatment of the indomethacin-responsive headache disorders paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua.
LATEST DEVELOPMENTS: Both paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua are treated with indomethacin at the lowest clinically useful dose. It has recently become clear that some patients with either condition may respond to treatment with noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation, which can be both indomethacin sparing and, in some cases, headache controlling. Given the lifelong nature of both paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua, brain imaging with MRI is recommended when the conditions are identified, specifically including pituitary views.
ESSENTIAL POINTS: Paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua are indomethacin-responsive headache disorders that offer a rewarding and unique opportunity to provide marked clinical improvement when recognized and treated appropriately. These disorders share the final common pathway of the trigeminal-autonomic reflex, with head pain and cranial autonomic features, and are differentiated pathophysiologically by the pattern of brain involvement, which can be seen using functional imaging. They have distinct differential diagnoses to which the clinician needs to remain alert.
All cases are administered the same eradication regimen: amoxicillin 1000 mg, clarithromycin 500mg, rabeprazole 10mg, and colloidal bismuth 200 mg each given twice a day for 14 days. Urea breath tests were administered at 8 to 10 weeks after the treatment.
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a severe late-stage complication of radiotherapy (RT) to the chest area, typically used in lung cancer treatment. This condition is characterized by the gradual and irreversible replacement of healthy lung tissue with fibrous scar tissue, leading to decreased lung function, reduced oxygen exchange and critical respiratory deficiencies. Currently, predicting and managing lung fibrosis post-RT remains challenging, with limited preventive and treatment options. Accurate prediction of fibrosis onset and progression is therefore clinically crucial. We present a personalized in silico model for pulmonary fibrosis that encompasses tumour regression, fibrosis development and lung tissue remodelling post-radiation. Our continuum-based model was developed using data from 12 RT-treated lung cancer patients and integrates computed tomography (CT) and dosimetry data to simulate the spatio-temporal evolution of fibrosis. We demonstrate the ability of the in silico model to capture the extent of fibrosis in the entire cohort with a less than 1% deviation from clinical observations, in addition to providing quantitative metrics of spatial similarity. These findings underscore the potential of the model to improve treatment planning and risk assessment, paving the way for more personalized and effective management of RIPF.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a prominent neurodegenerative disorder (NDD), accounting for the majority of dementia cases worldwide. In addition to memory deficits, individuals with AD also experience alterations in the visual system. As the retina is an extension of the central nervous system (CNS), the loss in retinal ganglion cells manifests clinically as decreased visual acuity, narrowed visual field, and reduced contrast sensitivity. Among the extensively studied retinal disorders, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) shares numerous aging processes and risk factors with NDDs such as cognitive impairment that occurs in AD. Histopathological investigations have revealed similarities in pathological deposits found in the retina and brain of patients with AD and AMD. Cellular aging processes demonstrate similar associations with organelles and signaling pathways in retinal and brain tissues. Despite these similarities, there are distinct genetic backgrounds underlying these diseases. This review comprehensively explores the genetic similarities and differences between AMD and AD. The purpose of this review is to discuss the parallels and differences between AMD and AD in terms of pathophysiology, genetics, and epigenetics.
OBJECTIVE: Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death associated with lipid peroxidation. Though diabetes worsens cerebral injury and clinical outcomes in stroke, it is poorly understood whether ferroptosis contributes to diabetes-exacerbated stroke. This study aimed to identify ferroptosis-associated differentially expressed genes in ischemic stroke under diabetic condition and then explore their roles using comprehensive bioinformatics analyses.
METHODS: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) model was established in male mice at 8-10 weeks of age by one intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (110 mg/kg). Ischemic stroke was induced by a transient 45-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion and evaluated three days thereafter. Ischemic brain cortex was dissected 24 h after the reperfusion and subjected to bulk tissue RNA sequencing followed by bioinformatics analysis and verification of key findings via quantitative real-time PCR.
RESULTS: Enlarged infarct size was seen in diabetic, as compared with non-diabetic mice, in conjunction with worsened neurological behaviors. Both body and spleen weights were reduced in diabetic as compared with non-diabetic mice. There was a trend for reduced survival rate in diabetic mice following the stroke. In RNA sequencing analysis, we identified 1299 differentially expressed genes in ischemic brain between diabetic and non-diabetic mice, with upregulation and downregulation for 732 and 567 genes, respectively. Among these genes, 27 genes were associated with ferroptosis. Further analysis reveals that solute carrier family 25 member 28(SLC25A28) and sterol carrier protein 2(SCP2) were the top genes associated with ferroptosis in diabetic mice following ischemic stroke. In several bioinformatics analyses, we found SLC25A28, one of the top ferroptosis-related genes, is involved in several metabolic and regulatory pathways as well as the regulatory complexity of microRNAs and circular RNAs, which demonstrates the potential role of SLC25A28 in diabetes-exacerbated stroke. Drug network analysis suggests SLC25A28 as a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating ischemic injury in diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS: Our bulk RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses show that altered ferroptosis signaling pathway was associated with the exacerbation of experimental stroke injury under diabetic condition. Especially, additional investigation into the mechanisms of SLC25A28 and SCP2 in diabetes-exacerbated stroke will be explored in the future study.
This cohort would be administered midazolam with meperidine. The initial dose of midazolam is 0.06mg/kg IV and meperidine 50mg IV. Additional dose is 1mg of midazolam. In the elders, more than 65 years old, initial dose was declined to 70%.
The invention discloses a medicine for preventing and treating Infectious Bronchitis (IBV) of chicken. The Chinese medicinal composition is prepared from the following Chinese medicinal herbs in a certain proportion: radix isatidis, pyrrosia lingua, honeysuckle, scutellaria baicalensis, bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, almond, lycopodium clavatum, ephedra, radix angelicae, raw alum, fructus aristolochiae, gypsum, rhizoma anemarrhenae, fructus forsythiae, semen raphani (fried), semen lepidii (fried), perillaseed (fried), trichosanthes root, inula flower, rheum officinale, gardenia and raw liquorice. Sun drying the above materials, removing impurities, pulverizing, grinding, mixing, and stirring. In clinical application, the medicine is soaked in boiling water for 30-60 minutes, so that the effective components of the medicine are fully dissolved and separated out. Is beneficial to the absorption of sick chicken in vivo, and a little sugar and V are added into the medicinal liquid C Can improve the drug effect. The medicine has high clinical cure rate, no adverse reaction, no drug residue and drug resistance hidden danger, simple preparation method, convenient use, and wide application in chicken industry.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: B cell depleting anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (aCD20 mAbs) are highly effective in treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) but fail to halt the formation of meningeal ectopic lymphoid tissue (mELT) in the murine model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). While mELT can be examined in EAE, it is not accessible in vivo in MS patients. Our key objectives were to compare the immune cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is accessible in patients, with those in mELT, and to study the effects of aCD20 mAbs on CSF and mELT in EAE.
METHODS: Applying single cell RNA sequencing, we compared gene expression profiles in immune cells from (1) CSF with mELT and (2) aCD20 mAbs treated with control treated mice in a spontaneous 2D2xTh EAE model.
RESULTS: The immune cell composition in CSF and mELT was very similar. Gene expression profiles and pathway enrichment analysis revealed no striking differences between the two compartments. aCD20 mAbs led not only to a virtually complete depletion of B cells in the CSF but also to a reduction of naïve CD4+ T cells and marked increase of macrophages. No remarkable differences in regulated genes or pathways were observed.
DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that immune cells in the CSF may serve as a surrogate for mELT in EAE. Future studies are required to confirm this in MS patients. The observed increase of macrophages in B cell depleted CSF is a novel finding and requires verification in CSF of aCD20 mAbs treated MS patients. Due to unresolved technical challenges, we were unable to study the effects of aCD20 mAbs on mELT. This should be addressed in future studies.
PURPOSE:To provide a carcinostatic agent having antitumor activity and low toxicity and exhibiting synergistic effect by the combined use with other carcinostatic agent, by using 22R-hydroxycholesterol as an active component. CONSTITUTION:The objective carcinostatic agent can be produced by using 22R-hydroxycholesterol as an active component. It is administered in the form of injection, suppository, tablet, etc., at a dose of about 0.2-20mg/kg. A synergis tic effect can be attained especially by the combined use with other carcinostatic agent. The mechanism of the effect is supposed to be based on the facts that the substance-permeability of the cell wall is increased by 22R-hydroxy cholesterol and the intake of the carcinostatic agent into the cancer cell is promoted to increase the carcinostatic action. It has low toxicity and is expected especially as a carcinostatic agent to uterine cancer.
Participants will take the commercially available Honest Placebo Pills by Zeebo twice a day for 7 days. This entails one tablet twice a day taken by mouth and slowly chewed or allowed to melt in the mouth.
INTRODUCTION: Human cytomegalovirus (Orthoherpesviridae: Herpesvirales: Cytomegalovirus: Cytomegalovirus humanbeta 5) (HCMV) is one of the most commonly detected viruses in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (allo-HSCT) transplants. However, the emergence of resistance to antiviral drugs such as ganciclovir (GCV) poses a challenge in managing these patients. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and impact of mutations in the HCMV UL97 gene associated with resistance to GCV on the course of infection among allo-HSCT patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study examined the association between UL97 mutations and the clinical course of HCMV infection in allo-HSCT patients. Genetic sequencing was performed to identify mutations, and their impact on viral replication and resistance to GCV was assessed.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Six mutations were identified (D490A, T502A, C592G, C592F, E596G, C603W). C592G, C592F, E596G, and C603W are associated with resistance to antiviral drugs, while D490A and T502A described for the first time. When comparing patients with wild-type and those carrying the mutant variant, several parameters of peripheral blood were significantly lower in the former group. The median time to peak viral load following allo-HSCT, duration of viremia, and rate of virological response to high-dose therapy also differed significantly between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: It was shown that approximately one third (4 out of 14) of allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients had mutations associated with resistance to GCV. Patients carrying the mutant variant of HCMV had longer viremia and took longer to achieve a negative virological test result after starting high-dose therapy. Performing genotyping may help make more evidence-based therapeutic decisions.
Control subjects will generally have the same assessments as treated subjects. Once the optimal dose is selected, control subjects will undergo pre-treatment baseline procedures to confirm that they are eligible to receive treatment with AT342. Once eligible control subjects are dosed with AT342, they will initiate the same post-dose procedures as subjects who received AT342.
Anti-human thymocyte globulin-Fresenius (ATG-F) is frequently utilized to achieve successful induction for kidney transplantation recipients. This study aimed to examine the association between the ATG-F dose-to-recipient-weight ratio (ADR) and the risk of developing urinary tract infections (UTIs) following kidney transplantation. Data of kidney transplant recipients who underwent ATG-F-induction peri-operatively in a medical center were retrospectively collected, and the incidence of UTIs during the first postoperative year was also recorded. The risk of UTI associated with ADR was analyzed, and receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn to determine the optimal ADR, followed by Cox regression models. In total, 131 recipients were included, with an UTI incidence of 19.08% and a mean interval of 3.08 months. The optimal ADR was 6.34, involving 41 and 90 patients in the low ADR and high ADR groups, respectively. The UTI-free rate in the low ADR group was significantly higher than that in the high ADR group (p = 0.007). Cox regression analysis indicated that a high ADR independently increased the risk of UTI following kidney transplantation (hazard ratio: 5.306, 95% confidence interval: 1.243-22.660, p = 0.024). There was no significant difference in rejection rate between the high ADR and low ADR groups. In conclusion, a high ADR increased the incidence of early postoperative UTI among kidney transplant recipients.
A method for discriminating a cancer state is provided. A first dataset is obtained for a plurality of subjects having a first cancer state. Each subject has a plurality of nucleic acid methylation fragments with methylation patterns comprising CpG site methylation states. An autoencoder including an encoder and decoder is trained by evaluating the error in the autoencoder reconstruction of the methylation pattern and nucleic acid sequence of each nucleic acid methylation fragment in the first dataset. A second dataset is obtained for a plurality of subjects having a second cancer state. A plurality of features is identified by inputting the methylation pattern and nucleic acid sequence of each nucleic acid methylation fragment in the second dataset into the trained autoencoder and computing a score determined by the autoencoder reconstruction of the methylation pattern. The plurality of features is used to train a supervised model that discriminates a cancer state.