anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: While obesity is a known risk factor of the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), its impact on MS disease progression remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the influence of body mass index (BMI) on disease activity and progression, cognitive performance, and health-related quality of life in patients with MS.
METHODS: Patients from an incident population-based case-control study (n = 3,249) were categorized based on BMI status at diagnosis and followed up after diagnosis through the Swedish MS registry. Outcomes included changes in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test. The mean follow-up time was 10.6 years (SD 6.1). Linear mixed models were used to analyze long-term changes while Cox regression models assessed the risk of 24-week confirmed disability worsening, time to reach EDSS score 3 and EDSS score 4, the appearance of new lesions on MRI, patient-reported physical and psychological worsening, and processing speed worsening.
RESULTS: Obesity, compared with healthy weight, was associated with a 0.02-point faster annual increase in the EDSS score (β for EDSS score x time 0.02, 95% CI 0.00-0.04). In addition, obesity was linked to a higher risk of reaching EDSS score 3 (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.17-1.75) and EDSS score 4 (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.07-1.73) and an increased risk of physical and psychological worsening. New lesions on MRI were more frequent among those with overweight and obesity, compared with those with healthy weight (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.02-1.44 and HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.03-1.62, respectively). Among those who had not changed BMI group during follow-up, the associations between obesity and unfavorable outcomes became more pronounced, and the HR of cognitive disability worsening was 1.51 (95% CI 1.09-2.09) among those with obesity, compared with nonobese participants.
DISCUSSION: In participants with MS, obesity was associated with faster disease progression, poorer health-related quality of life, and more rapid cognitive decline. Both overweight and obesity were associated with higher MRI activity.
1. Autopsy will be performed at Mount Sinai Hospital according to accepted current standards, based on clinical indications. Macroscopic examination of the fetus will be performed initially, followed by organ removal for tissue fixation for a period of two weeks. The brain is then scanned with MRI at the Hospital for Sick Children. The brain is transported in an air-tight container containing 10% formalin and sealed with paraffin lined tape. All brains will be anonymised and coded with a number prior to MRI examination. Following MR imaging, the tissue will be examined, sampled and reported in the usual fashion at Mount Sinai Hospital.
2. Postmortem MR will be included as part of the autopsy examination in cases of suspected brain malformations. Postmortem MR will be performed at the Hospital for Sick Children due to availability of expertise in postmortem neuroimaging and imaging will be done using 1.5T GE CV/I MRI magnet (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI). Postmortem MR will be performed following dissection and tissue fixation to avoid any unnecessary delay in tissue fixation. The specimen will be scanned in an air-tight container containing formalin 10%, sealed with paraffin lined tape. Structural postmortem MR will include coronal spin-echo T1 (TR=517msec, TE=10msec, FOV=18cm, slice thickness=20-30mm, matrix=320x256), axial SPGR (TR=23msec, TE=8msec, FOV=18cm, slice thickness=1.1mm, matrix=256x256) and T2 imaging in three planes (TR=4115msec, TE=115msec, FOV=16cm, slice thickness=20-30mm, matrix=320x256). Diffusion tensor imaging (TR=8300msec, TE=99msec, FOV=180mm, slice thickness=2-3mm, b=700mm/sec2, NEX=8, matrix=128x128, 25 directions) will be performed in the coronal plane to match the histological sections of brain tissue in autopsy.
3. Analysis. The laminar organization of the fetal cerebrum on structural MR and diffusion tensor imaging will be evaluated. In particular, the germinal matrix, intermediate zone, subplate and cortex will be assessed. This will be compared with the gold standard of histopathology. The presence or absence of corticospinal tracts will also be assessed and compared with macroscopic examination and histological sections.
4. Statistical analysis. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of postmortem MR, both structural and diffusion tensor imaging, as compared to the gold standard of autopsy in assessing the abnormal laminar organization of fetal cerebrum will be evaluated.
COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. There is currently no vaccine to prevent COVID-19 or infection with SARS-CoV-2 or therapeutic agent to treat COVID-19. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated increased risk to those with an aging immune system. The elderly and those with comorbidities are reported as being the most susceptible to COVID-19, which may be due to a higher basal state of inflammation ("inflammaging") and a primed inflammasome pathway. Disulfiram, an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of alcohol dependence, has a potential for limiting the hyperinflammatory response associated with COVID-19. Specifically, the drug inhibits gasdermin D pore formation, reducing pyroptosis and netosis and could target the root cause of hyperinflammation, weakening the cytokine storm and therefore reducing the risk of progression to severe illness.

This is a stratified, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of disulfiram in hospitalized subjects over the age of 50 diagnosed with moderate COVID-19. Up to 200 subjects are planned to be enrolled and randomized (1:1) to either receive 500 mg of disulfiram (active product) or placebo, orally (po) or enterally (only in patients that require mechanical ventilation) once daily for fourteen (14) days in addition to standard of care. Stratification will be done at randomization based on age and comorbidities.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an external preparation for skin that has anti-itching effect, originates from a natural plant with reduced side effect and has high drug action durability.  <P>SOLUTION: An essence extracted from a plant, Impatiens balsamina, is added to a camellia oil, particularly from a wild common camellia whereby the persistence of the pharmaceutical effect can be elongated with no adverse effect to the anti-itching effect derived from the essence of Impatiens balsamina. The effect of camellia oil is superior to the effect of other natural moisture retention agents. This external preparation for skin also can be used in the form of gel, cream, milk and the like. In addition, it can arbitrarily be combined with other known natural pharmaceutical components, for example, having anti-allergic effect, anti-inflammatory effect or the like, and can provide a wide variety of external preparations.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Dispensing package for controlled delivery of a viscous composition on a target surface. The dispensing package includes a dispensing applicator having an interior chamber containing a viscous composition and a dispensing head disposed about at least a portion of the container to define an outer end of the container. The dispensing head has a front surface having a front surface centroid and an opposing rear surface having a rear surface centroid, and a plurality of dispensing orifices extending therethrough. Each of the plurality of dispensing orifices including a front open end having a front centroid on the front surface, a rear open end having a back centroid on the rear surface, and a dispensing orifice axis extending through the front and back centroids. A center axis extends through the front surface centroid and the rear surface centroid and a plane extending along the center axis. A first dispensing orifice of the plurality of dispensing orifices has a first dispensing orifice axis inclined at a first orifice acute angle α 1  (degrees) relative to the plane, so as to intersect the plane at a first point above the front surface.
BACKGROUND: Several previous studies have reported an association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and epilepsy, but the causal relationship is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the connection between RA and epilepsy in a European population using Mendelian randomization (MR).
METHODS: Genome-wide association study summary data on RA and epilepsy from European populations were included. Univariate MR (UVMR) and multivariate MR were used to investigate the causal relationship between the two conditions. Three analysis methods were applied: inverse variance weight (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median, with IVW being the primary method. Cochran Q statistics, MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger intercept, leave-one-out test, and MR-Steiger test were combined for the sensitivity analysis.
RESULTS: UVMR showed a positive association between RA and epilepsy risk (OR=1.038, 95% CI=1.007-1.038, p=0.017) that was supported by sensitivity analysis. Further MVMR after harmonizing the three covariates of hypertension, alcohol consumption, and smoking, confirmed the causal relationship between RA and epilepsy (OR=1.049, 95% CI=1.011-1.087, p=0.010).
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that RA is associated with an increased risk of epilepsy. It has emphasized that the monitoring of epilepsy risk in patients diagnosed with RA should be strengthened in clinical practice, and further studies are needed in the future to explore the potential mechanism of action connecting the two conditions.
XELODA Warfarin Interaction: Patients receiving concomitant capecitabine and oral coumarin-derivative anticoagulant therapy should have their anticoagulant response (INR or prothrombin time) monitored frequently in order to adjust the anticoagulant dose accordingly. A clinically important XELODA-Warfarin drug interaction was demonstrated in a clinical pharmacology trial [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Altered coagulation parameters and/or bleeding, including death, have been reported in patients taking XELODA concomitantly with coumarin-derivative anticoagulants such as warfarin and phenprocoumon. Postmarketing reports have shown clinically significant increases in prothrombin time (PT) and INR in patients who were stabilized on anticoagulants at the time XELODA was introduced. These events occurred within several days and up to several months after initiating XELODA therapy and, in a few cases, within 1 month after stopping XELODA. These events occurred in patients with and without liver metastases. Age greater than 60 and a diagnosis of cancer independently predispose patients to an increased risk of coagulopathy.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to significant functional impairments below the level of the injury, and astrocytes play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of SCI. Astrocytes undergo changes and form a glial scar after SCI, which has traditionally been viewed as a barrier to axonal regeneration and functional recovery. Astrocytes activate intracellular signaling pathways, including nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), in response to external stimuli. NF-κB and STAT3 are transcription factors that play a pivotal role in initiating gene expression related to astrogliosis. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is essential for managing secondary damage and facilitating recovery processes post-SCI: inflammation, glial scar formation, and astrocyte survival. NF-κB activation in astrocytes leads to the production of pro-inflammatory factors by astrocytes. NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways are interconnected: NF-κB activation in astrocytes leads to the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), which interacts with the IL-6 receptor and initiates STAT3 activation. By modulating astrocyte responses, these pathways offer promising avenues for enhancing recovery outcomes, illustrating the crucial need for further investigation into their mechanisms and therapeutic applications in SCI treatment.
FIELD: biochemistry, medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to compounds that represent aza-derivatives, such as aza-endiines, aza- eninallens or aza-diallens, to pharmaceutical compositions based on thereof and to method for treatment of pathological states, such as cancer, bacterial and viral infections. These compounds are preferably non- hydrolyzed cationic compounds that bind with nucleic acids. Except for, it is concerned that these compounds can be subjected for chemical reactions in the presence of nucleic acid forming reactive intermediate compounds that cleave nucleic acids. EFFECT: valuable medicinal and biochemical properties of agents. 13 cl, 13 dwg
FIELD: veterinary science.SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to the field of veterinary virology and biotechnology. Strain "VN-3" of hepatitis virus of ducklings of type I of the genus Avihepatovirus of the family Picornaviridae is proposed, which is isolated from clinically sick ducklings, adapted to duck embryos and cell culture and attenuated against ducklings. Resulting strain was deposited in the State collection of viruses in the Institute of Virology named after D.I. Ivanovsky FSBSI “N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology" of the Ministry of Health of Russia under No. 2859.EFFECT: characterized strain possesses high biological, antigenic and immunogenic activity, will be widely used in industrial training as the main component of inactivated emulsified vaccines against viral hepatitis of ducklings of type I and in the manufacture of immunoassay diagnostic kits.1 cl, 4 tbl, 3 ex
The initial dosage of dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection varies from 0.5 to 9 mg a day depending on the disease being treated. In less severe diseases doses lower than 0.5 mg may suffice, while in severe diseases doses higher than 9 mg may be required.

The initial dosage should be maintained or adjusted until the patient’s response is satisfactory. If a satisfactory clinical response does not occur after a reasonable period of time, discontinue dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection and transfer the patient to other therapy.

After a favorable initial response, the proper maintenance dosage should be determined by decreasing the initial dosage in small amounts to the lowest dosage that maintains an adequate clinical response.

Patients should be observed closely for signs that might require dosage adjustment, including changes in clinical status resulting from remissions or exacerbations of the disease, individual drug responsiveness, and the effect of stress (e.g., surgery, infection, trauma). During stress it may be necessary to increase dosage temporarily. 

If the drug is to be stopped after more than a few days of treatment, it usually should be withdrawn gradually.

When the intravenous route of administration is used, dosage usually should be the same as the oral dosage. In certain overwhelming, acute, life-threatening situations, however, administration in dosages exceeding the usual dosages may be justified and may be in multiples of the oral dosages. The slower rate of absorption by intramuscular administration should be recognized.
Participating schools will be randomly assigned to one of the 4 study arms. Neither the parent or adolescents in the control schools will receive the intervention. Families from the control schools will be given the option to use any other version of Toolkit after completion of the Time 2 post-intervention data collection.
Patients with a high risk for PA who were willing to participate in the study were recruited. The inclusion criteria1 were as follows: persistent hypertension (BP \>150/100 mm Hg), or drug-resistant hypertension; newly diagnosed hypertension; hypertension and spontaneous or diuretic-induced hypokalemia; hypertension with adrenal incidentaloma; hypertension and a family history of early-onset hypertension or cerebrovascular accident at a young age (\<40 years); or status as a hypertensive first-degree relative of patients with PA; patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea.
The invention discloses a bone-targeting zinc phthalocyanine and its preparation method and use. The bone-targeting zinc phthalocyanine has a structure shown in the patent specification. The bone-targeting zinc phthalocyanine (I) has good water solubility, a high cell intake amount and good biocompatibility. An in-vitro hydroxyapatite adsorption experiment and a near-infrared fluorescence living imaging and tissue imaging experiment shows that the bone-targeting zinc phthalocyanine has high bone targeting. In a near infrared area of 600-900nm, the bone-targeting zinc phthalocyanine has absorption and fluorescence effects and produces high singlet oxygen. The bone-targeting zinc phthalocyanine has wide application prospects and can be used for bone-targeting photodynamic therapy or near-infrared fluorescence imaging. The preparation method is simple and can be operated easily.
Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA), and weight loss is an effective non-pharmacologic treatment to reduce pain. Recently, the investigators determined that under ideal, highly controlled circumstances, a diet-induced weight loss of 10% combined with exercise was significantly better at reducing pain than either intervention alone. Compared to the investigators previous longterm weight loss and exercise trials of knee OA, the diet-induced weight loss and exercise group was twice as effective at relieving pain. Whether the investigators results can be generalized to less rigorously monitored patient cohorts is unknown. Thus the challenge the investigators now face is to provide the practical means to implement this proven treatment in the community setting. This study aims to develop and demonstrate the effectiveness of a systematic, practical, cost-effective diet-induced weight loss and exercise intervention in both urban and rural communities that can reduce pain and improve other clinical outcomes in knee OA patients.

Participants will be 30 ambulatory, community-dwelling, overweight and obese men and women who meet the American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria for knee OA. The primary aim is to determine whether a pragmatic, community-based 3-month diet-induced weight loss and exercise intervention implemented in Cherokee, North Carolina significantly decreases knee pain in overweight and obese adults with knee OA relative to an attention control group. Secondary aims will determine whether this intervention improves self-reported function, health-related quality of life, and mobility. The investigators will also establish the cost-effectiveness of this pragmatic, community-based, multimodal diet-induced weight-loss and exercise program by conducting cost-effectiveness and budgetary impact analyses using data from the current trial in a validated computer-simulated model of knee OA.
The women randomized to this arm will receive the standard of care for Sierra Leone. The treatment provided to women in this group includes 3.5 kg super cereal with 350 g vegetable oil every two weeks. This provides 250 mg portion/day of the super cereal and 25g oil/day for the mother. Women will receive the food for the duration of their pregnancy. These women will receive the current recommendations of the government of Sierra Leone, which includes standard intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy (IPTp) of 2 doses of sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine, iron and folic acid supplement with a goal of 90 pills/pregnancy, an insecticide-treated mosquito net, and albendazole for deworming in the second trimester.
This is a Phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple dose study to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of multiple doses of orally administered LHF-535 in 24 to 32 healthy adult participants. Three successive escalating cohorts, each containing 8 participants, are planned. Within each cohort, 6 participants will be randomized to receive an oral dose of LHF-535 once daily for 14 days, and 2 will be randomized to receive an oral dose of placebo once daily for 14 days. After a screening period of up to 28 days, all participants will be confined to the study center from 1 day prior to dosing until at least 24 hours after the 14th day of dosing. Participants will return for follow-up evaluations on Day 17 and Day 21 (72 and 168 hours after last dose, respectively) and on Day 42. After each cohort, safety data through Day 17 and PK data through Day 7 will be reviewed by a blinded Safety Committee prior to dosing of the next cohort. The Safety Committee is charged with making one of the following three recommendations: (1) proceed with dose escalation as planned, (2) continue the study with modification (e.g., proceed with the next cohort at a lower dose level than planned), or (3) suspend the study. An additional cohort of 8 participants may be added to evaluate dosing for future studies, at the discretion of the Sponsor, in consultation with the Safety Committee.
This is a prospective, single center, Phase 2, double-blinded, randomized, controlled, parallel group trial study. Up to fifty-four (54) participants will be enrolled (based on power analysis based on outcomes from a previous dose-tolerance study. Screening data will be reviewed to determine participant eligibility. Participants who meet all inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria will be entered into the study and randomized in to the Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) or Non Investigational Medicinal Product (NIMP) at a 2:1 ratio (NOSi:Budesonide). Each participant will be managed as an outpatient for the 42 days of the study. Participants will be administered NOSi or budesonide in saline by self-administration, at home, as a sinus irrigation to their nasopharynx and sinuses once a day. Participants will be asked to return to the clinic for evaluations on Day 21(±2), Day 43(±2) and Day 63 (±2) following the start of study interventions.
INTRODUCTION: Although meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumor, there are limited treatment options for recurrent or aggressive lesions. Compared to other brain tumors, meningiomas may be uniquely amenable to immunotherapy by virtue of their location outside the blood-brain barrier.
AREAS COVERED: This review describes our current understanding of the immunology of the meninges, as well as immune cell infiltration and immune signaling in meningioma. Current literature on meningioma immunology and immunotherapy was comprehensively reviewed and summarized by a comprehensive search of MEDLINE (1/1/1990-6/1/2024). Further, we describe the current state of immunotherapeutic approaches, as well as potential future targets. Potential immunotherapeutic approaches include immune checkpoint inhibition, CAR-T approaches, tumor vaccine therapy, and immunogenic molecular markers.
EXPERT OPINION: Meningioma immunotherapy is in early stages, as no immunotherapies are currently included in treatment guidelines. There is substantial heterogeneity in immune cell infiltration, immunogenicity, and immune escape across tumors, even within tumor grade. Furthering our understanding of meningioma immunology and tumor classification will allow for careful selection of tumors and patient populations that may benefit from primary or adjunctive immunotherapy for meningioma.