anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: There is no guidance surrounding postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis using pharmacological agents (chemoprophylaxis) in patients undergoing skull base surgery. The aim of this study was to compare VTE and intracranial haematoma rates after skull base surgery in patients treated with/without chemoprophylaxis.
METHODS: Review of prospective quaternary centre database including adults undergoing first-time skull base surgery (2009-2020). VTE was defined as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) within 6 months of surgery. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors predictive of postoperative intracranial haematoma/VTE. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used in group comparisons.
RESULTS: One thousand five hundred fifty-one patients were included with a median age of 52 years (range 16-89 years) and female predominance (62%). Postoperative chemoprophylaxis was used in 81% of patients at a median of 1 day postoperatively. There were 12 VTE events (1.2%), and the use of chemoprophylaxis did not negate the risk of VTE entirely (p > 0.99) and was highest on/after postoperative day 6 (9/12 VTE events). There were 18 intracranial haematomas (0.8%), and after PSM, chemoprophylaxis did not significantly increase the risk of an intracranial haematoma (p > 0.99). Patients administered chemoprophylaxis from postoperative days 1 and 2 had similar rates of intracranial haematomas (p = 0.60) and VTE (p = 0.60), affirmed in PSM.
CONCLUSION: Postoperative chemoprophylaxis represents a relatively safe strategy in patients undergoing skull base surgery. We advocate a personalised approach to chemoprophylaxis and recommend it on postoperative days 1 or 2 when indicated.
Healthy volunteers meeting eligibility criteria will be sequentially randomized to each dose cohort (up to 7 dose ascending cohorts) to receive either GT-002 or placebo. The study drug (GT-002 or placebo) will be administered orally as a single dose. Six of out 8 subjects per cohort will be randomized to receive GT-002.
Transition of care from hospital to home following orthopaedic surgery pose a significant risk to patient safety. After discharge, patients or primary care providers may need to communicate with the specialized healthcare team at the hospital about symptoms, postoperative complications, rehabilitation, wounds and medication, but are hampered by a fragmented healthcare system with slow communication pathways. Communication through phone often involves several intermediaries and waiting time for both patients and healthcare professionals. The fact that patients and healthcare professionals must be present at the same time is inflexible and disruptive to work processes. However, cross-sectoral communication and collaboration with patients after hospital discharge are prerequisites to achieve high-quality care and good patient outcomes. Review of the literature show that few studies have explored the effects of digital team-based communication with the patient and across sectors to facilitate collaboration and knowledge sharing after discharge. On the basis of findings from a preliminary pilot study suggesting asynchronous digital team-based communication between orthopaedic surgery patients and healthcare professionals across sectors (eDialogue) may be a solution to the existing problems in communication pathways, we initiated this trial.
OBJECTIVE: Transfer of the gluteus maximus with refixation at the greater trochanter for treatment of abductor deficiency.
INDICATIONS: Symptomatic abductor deficiency with atrophy and fatty degeneration of the gluteal muscles > 50% (grade 3 by quartile) with good strength of the gluteus maximus.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Low atrophy or fatty degeneration of less than 50% of the gluteal muscles, limited strength of the gluteus maximus, infection.
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: First, the fascia lata is incised dorsally to the tensor fascia latae muscle, with the incision extending approximately 1.5 cm proximal to the iliac crest. A second incision divides the gluteus maximus muscle longitudinally along the muscle fibers and continues towards the fascia lata distal to the greater trochanter. These incisions result in a triangular muscle flap, which is elevated and divided into anterior and posterior portions. The posterior flap is positioned ventrally over the femoral neck and fixed to the anterior capsule and the anterior edge of the greater trochanter. The anterior flap is placed directly on the proximal femur. For this purpose, a groove is prepared in the area of the proximal femur using a spherical burr to freshen up the future footprint. The anterior flap is positioned from the tip of the greater trochanter towards the insertion of the vastus lateralis muscle. Subsequently, the anterior flap is fixed to the created groove with transosseous sutures and positioned under the elevated vastus lateralis muscle in 15° abduction of the leg. To provide additional stabilization to the tendinous part of the anterior flap, a screw is inserted distally to the greater trochanter. The vastus lateralis muscle is attached to the distal tip of the anterior flap, and the remaining gluteus maximus muscle is sutured to the fascia lata to cover the anterior flap. Additionally, a flap of the tensor fascia latae muscle can be mobilized and adapted to the reconstruction. Layered wound closure is performed.
RESULTS: The technique of a gluteus maximus transfer represents a method for the treatment of chronic abductor deficiencies and improves abduction function as well as the gait pattern in short-term follow-ups. Fifteen patients (mean age at time of surgery 62 years) had after a mean follow-up of 2.5 years. The modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) improved from 48 points preoperatively to 60 points at follow-up. Preoperatively, 100% had a positive Trendelenburg sign; at follow-up, this was about 50%.
Participants who will receive chemoradiation therapies presumed to be low risk for gonadotoxicity as determined by the literature and the patient's oncolologist as a standard part of their cancer treatment. Participants will also receive the GnRHa for menstrual suppression as part of standard of care. Baseline blood draws and pelvic ultrasound will be the intervention. Repeat blood draws and pelvic ultrasound at 6 and 12 months will also be interventions.
BACKGROUND: Considering the lack of successful treatment options and poor prognosis for cirrhosis and cirrhosis-induced HCC, new platforms to investigate antifibrotic therapies are urgently needed. Precision-cut liver slice (PCLS) is a powerful ex vivo culture model that can supplement and potentially replace the traditional models.
METHODS: PCLS were prepared from 4 different murine cirrhotic models (choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet, thioacetamide, diethylnitrosamine, and carbon tetrachloride) and compared with in vivo murine experiments, in vitro hepatic stellate cells, and human cirrhotic PCLS.
RESULTS: PCLS viability in culture was stable for 72 hours. Treatment of erlotinib, an EGF receptor inhibitor, significantly inhibited profibrogenic gene expressions in PCLS from choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet or thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic rats. Erlotinib treatment of PCLS from diethylnitrosamine or carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhotic rats inhibited the expression of profibrogenic genes, which was consistent with the impact of erlotinib on these genes in in vivo diethylnitrosamine or carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis. In addition, in hepatic stellate cells at PCLS from normal mice, erlotinib treatment inhibited TGF-β1-upregulated expression of Acta2. Similar expression results were observed in in vitro hepatic stellate cells. Expression of key regulators of fibrosis progression and regression were also significantly altered. Changes in profibrogenic gene expression under erlotinib treatment were also corroborated with human cirrhotic PCLS.
CONCLUSIONS: Responses to antifibrotic interventions can be detected and quantified with PCLS at the gene expression level. The antifibrotic effects of erlotinib are consistent between PCLS models of murine cirrhosis and those observed in vivo and in vitro. These results were verified in human cirrhotic PCLS. PCLS is an excellent model for assessing antifibrotic therapies that are aligned with the principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement (3Rs), and it will benefit preclinical and clinical research for human fibrosis and cirrhosis.
PURPOSE: To obtain a water- and oil-repellent powder which gives a cosmetic free from the deterioration of a makeup and improved in spread ability on the skin, water- and oil-repellency and touch in use by treating the surface of a powder with a specified material. CONSTITUTION: 100 pts.wt. base powder is treated with a material consisting of 0.1-10 pts.wt. compound having a perfluoroalkyl group and/or a perfluoropolyether group, 0.1-10 pts.wt. of at least one reactive organosilicon compound selected from dimethicone derivative, an alkoxysilane and a silazane and, if necessary, 0.1-5 pts.wt. of at least one surfactant having a 12C or higher hydrocarbon chain, selected from an N-(long-chain acyl) amino acid salt, a lecithin, a higher fatty acid salt, a salt of phosphate of a higher alcohol, a long-chain acyl peptide and a dialkyl titanate.
Following the general warm-up (light aerobic activity, dynamic stretching exercises and bodyweight strength exercises), the electromyographic (EMG) sensors and kinematic markers will be attached to the participant, who will then perform the maximal voluntary contractions for the purpose of EMG normalization. Then the participant will perform new hip adductor exercises using the novelty device, which enables hip adduction eccentric contractions in different hip and knee positions. The latter is important when trying to target specific hip adductor muscle, since different hip and/or knee angles differently affect individual muscle activity and joint torques. Exercises will be performed in randomized order, while the EMG and kinematic signals will be synchronously captured. EMG muscle activity and joint torques, produced during the exercises, will be analysed. Descriptive statistics will be calculated and reported as mean ± standard deviation. Shapiro-Wilk test will be used for testing of normality and Levene's test for equality of variances. Differences among corresponding variables will be obtained from different exercises and tested with the analysis of the variance for repeated measurements. For pair-wise comparisons, paired 2-tailed post-hoc t-tests with Bonferroni's correction will be used. The level of statistical significance will be set at p \< 0.05.
Estrogen (E) deficiency is a major cause of post-menopausal osteoporosis. The mechanisms by which E deficiency causes osteoporosis has been recently linked to regulation of two key osteoclastic cytokines: RANKL and TNFα (TNF) , , produced by the T-cell in the bone micro-environment. TNF is a cytokine that has long been associated with bone destruction during E deficiency in both animal and human models. However, the cellular sources of TNF and its exact mechanism of action are poorly understood. Previous studies in animal models has demonstrated that in marked contrast to responses in wild type (WT) mice, ovariectomy (ovx) failed to induce bone loss and did not stimulate osteoclast (OC) formation in T-cell deficient mice. This phenomenon is reversed by T cell reconstitution with WT T cells but not with T cells from TNF -/- mice2,4. These findings established T-cells and T-cell produced TNF as essential mediators of the bone-wasting effects of E deficiency in vivo. TNF further enhances OC formation by up regulating the stromal cell production of RANKL and M-CSF and by augmenting the responsiveness of OC precursors to RANKL4. The mechanisms by which E deficiency leads to enhanced levels of T-cell derived TNF involve a realignment of the adaptive immune response that ultimately leads to an expansion in the pool of TNF secreting T-cells. Dr. Pacifici's group showed that these pathways in mouse models involve the up-regulation of antigen presentation by macrophages and dendritic cells, leading to T cell activation and peripheral expansion of TNF producing T cells. They also showed that E deficiency causes a rebound in thymic T cell output that contributes to both the T cell expansion and the bone loss induced by ovx in young adult mice .

The objective of this study is to translate these critical findings in the mouse for the first time to E deficient women following ovx. If this work defines an important role for T-cells in E deficiency-induced bone loss, this could stimulate the development of novel therapies designed to block T-cell expansion or their contribution to cytokine production and thus prevent or attenuate bone loss in this common clinical setting. The hypothesis of the research plan is that T-cells derived from women, rendered E deficient after undergoing ovx, exhibit: 1) increased T-cell activation, and proliferation; 2) enhanced production of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines RANKL and TNF; and 3) demonstrate increased T-cell output from the thymus that together cause bone loss.
FIELD: medicine, chemistry. SUBSTANCE: method involves extraction of chlorophyll a from spirulina biomass followed by treatment of extract with acid to obtain pheophytin a, its alkaline hydrolysis and isolation of the end product. In preparing pheophytin for hydrolysis its purification is carried out by redissolving pheophytin a in acetone. Chlorine e 6 . isolated from reaction mixture after termination of hydrolysis is washed out with acidified distilled water. EFFECT: increased yield, enhanced purity of product. 2 cl, 3 ex
Both tolerance and physical dependence can develop during use of opioid therapy.

Tolerance is a physiological state characterized by a reduced response to a drug after repeated administration (i.e., a higher dose of a drug is required to produce the same effect that was once obtained at a lower dose).

Physical dependence is a state that develops as a result of a physiological adaptation in response to repeated drug use, manifested by withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dose reduction of a drug.

Withdrawal may be precipitated through the administration of drugs with opioid antagonist activity (e.g., naloxone), mixed agonist/antagonist analgesics (e.g., pentazocine, butorphanol, nalbuphine), or partial agonists (e.g., buprenorphine). Physical dependence may not occur to a clinically significant degree until after several days to weeks of continued use.

Do not abruptly discontinue OXAYDO in a patient physically dependent on opioids. Rapid tapering of OXAYDO in a patient physically dependent on opioids may lead to serious withdrawal symptoms, uncontrolled pain, and suicide. Rapid discontinuation has also been associated with attempts to find other sources of opioid analgesics, which may be confused with drug-seeking for abuse.

When discontinuing OXAYDO, gradually taper the dosage using a patient-specific plan that considers the following: the dose of OXAYDO the patient has been taking, the duration of treatment, and the physical and psychological attributes of the patient. To improve the likelihood of a successful taper and minimize withdrawal symptoms, it is important that the opioid tapering schedule is agreed upon by the patient. In patients taking opioids for an extended period of time at high doses, ensure that a multimodal approach to pain management, including mental health support (if needed), is in place prior to initiating an opioid analgesic taper [see Dosage and Administration (2.5), and Warnings and Precautions (5.14)].

Infants born to mothers physically dependent on opioids will also be physically dependent and may exhibit respiratory difficulties and withdrawal signs [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Six week use of eXciteOSA device. Once daily for 20 minutes.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Long-term oral anticoagulation (OAC) following successful catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial. Prospective data are missing. The ODIn-AF study aimed to evaluate the effect of OAC on the incidence of silent cerebral embolic events and clinically relevant cardioembolic events in patients at intermediate to high risk for embolic events, free from AF after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI).
METHODS: This prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label, blinded endpoint interventional trial enrolled patients who were scheduled for PVI to treat paroxysmal or persistent AF. Six months after PVI, AF-free patients were randomized to receive either continued OAC with dabigatran or no OAC. The primary endpoint was the incidence of new silent micro- and macro-embolic lesions detected on brain MRI at 12 months of follow-up compared to baseline. Safety analysis included bleedings, clinically evident cardioembolic, and serious adverse events (SAE).
RESULTS: Between 2015 and 2021, 200 patients were randomized into 2 study arms (on OAC: n = 99, off OAC: n = 101). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of new cerebral microlesions between the on OAC and off OAC arm [2 (2%) versus 0 (0%); P = 0.1517] after 12 months. MRI showed no new macro-embolic lesion, no clinical apparent strokes were present in both groups. SAE were more frequent in the OAC arm [on OAC n = 34 (31.8%), off OAC n = 18 (19.4%); P = 0.0460]; bleedings did not differ.
CONCLUSION: Discontinuation of OAC after successful PVI was not found to be associated with an elevated risk of cerebral embolic events compared with continued OAC after a follow-up of 12 months.
PURPOSE:To enable stable emulsification and dispersion of a wide range of fats and oils by the emulsifying compsn. contg. the org. acid monoglyceride expressed by the formula and an alkaline material. CONSTITUTION:An emulsifying compsn. is incorporated therein with 0.1-45wt.% the org. acid monoglyceride expressed by the formula (RCO is a fatty acid residue of 12-24C, and A is a polyhydric carboxylic acid residue and an alkaline material (e.g., sodium carbonate) necessary for adjusting the pH of the compsn. to >=3.8. A wide range of fats and oils can be stably emulsified and dispersed by such emulsifying compsn. The content of the emulsifying compsn. in fats and oils is not particularly limited and said compsn. is preferably compounded therewith at 2-90%. Any type of emulsification among oil in water type, water in oil type and, so-called double emulsification type thereof is suitably selectd for the emulsification type of said emulsifying compsn. and the oil in water type emulsifying compsn. is more preferred. The viscosity of a continuous phase is adjusted and stability is made extremely high and further the hot emulsifying stability not possible with the conventional nonionic emulsifying agent is obtainable.
25 participants undergoing permanent seed prostate brachytherapy will be approached to undergo collection of prostate US images at the completion of their procedure. This will add approximately 5 minutes to the duration of their brachytherapy procedure. The US study will not entail any discomfort or risk to participants as they are still under anesthesia for the implant procedure. The institution standard of care for quality assurance will be complied with, obtaining a CT and MRI of the prostate at 30 days after the procedure. These will be co-registered and analyzed in the normal fashion. In addition, the post implant US images will also be co-registered with the CT and the resulting dosimetric parameters compared.
Manifestations of amphetamine overdose include restlessness, tremor, hyperreflexia, rapid respiration, confusion, assaultiveness, hallucinations, panic states, hyperpyrexia and rhabdomyolysis. Fatigue and depression usually follow the central nervous system stimulation. Serotonin syndrome has been reported with amphetamine use, including dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules. Cardiovascular effects include arrhythmias, hypertension or hypotension and circulatory collapse. Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Fatal poisoning is usually preceded by convulsions and coma. 

Treatment 

Consult with a Certified Poison Control Center for up to date guidance and advice. 

The prolonged release of mixed amphetamine salts from dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate and amphetamine sulfate extended-release capsules should be considered when treating patients with overdose.

d-Amphetamine is not dialyzable.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an organic solid particle (a hydrophobic resin particle, etc.) effectively imparted with a functionality such as slip property.  <P>SOLUTION: The organic solid particles are obtained by removing a matrix component (C) from a dispersion that is prepared by dispersing a particulate dispersed phase comprised of a meltable organic solid component (A) such as a resin component, etc. and a modifier (B) for modifying the organic solid component (A) in a matrix comprised of the matrix component (C) such as an origosaccharide, etc., wherein the modifier (B) is comprised of a solid modifier having an amphipathic property. The modifier (B) is desirably a crystallizable modifier such as a fatty acid amide, etc. and the weight ratio of the organic solid component (A) to the modifier (B) is roughly 99.5/0.5 to 85/15.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
OXBRYTA contains voxelotor, a hemoglobin S polymerization inhibitor. The chemical name of voxelotor is 2-hydroxy-6-((2-(1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methoxy)benzaldehyde with a molecular formula of C19H19N3O3 and a molecular weight of 337.4.

The chemical structure of voxelotor is:

Voxelotor is a white-to-yellow-to-beige compound in crystalline Form II of its free base. It is non-hygroscopic and highly soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and toluene and insoluble in water.

OXBRYTA film-coated tablets for oral use contain either 300 mg or 500 mg of voxelotor. Both strengths of OXBRYTA film-coated tablets contain the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and sodium lauryl sulfate. In addition, the 500 mg tablet film coating contains: polyethylene glycol 3350, polyvinyl alcohol, talc, titanium dioxide, and yellow iron oxide. The 300 mg tablet film coating contains: black and red iron oxide, polyethylene glycol 3350, polyvinyl alcohol, talc, and titanium dioxide.

Each OXBRYTA tablet for oral suspension contains 300 mg of voxelotor with the following inactive ingredients: artificial grape flavor, colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, iron oxide pigment, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and sucralose.
If no dose limiting adverse effects are observed in Cohort 1, then Cohort 2, healthy adults (n = 10), will receive an ICG infusion of 2 mg/min for 120 minutes. If there are no dose limiting adverse events and there is evidence of ICG-labeling of PBMCs, the 2 mg/min infusion rate will be used for the remainder of the study.