anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Female pelvic organ prolapses are common, but their treatment is challenging. Notably, diagnosis and understanding of these troubles remain incomplete. Tridimensional observations of displacement and deformation of the pelvic organs during a strain could support a better understanding and help to develop comprehensive tools for preoperative planning.
METHODS: The present feasibility study evaluates tridimensional dynamic MRI in 12 healthy volunteers. Tridimensional acquisitions were approximated using five intersecting slices, each recorded twice per second. MRI was performed during rest and strain, with intrarectal and intravaginal contrast gel. Subject-specific dynamic 3D models were built for each volunteer through segmentation.
RESULTS: For each volunteer, pelvic organs could be segmented in three dimensions with a rate of acquisition of two cycles per second on five slices, allowing for a fluid observation of displacements and deformations during strain. Manual segmentation of a full strain required 2 h and 33 min on average. The upper limit of the rectum and the pelvic floor were the most difficult structures to identify. This technique is limited by its time-consuming manual segmentation, which impedes its implantation for routine clinical use. This method must be tried in patients with pelvic organ prolapse.
CONCLUSIONS: This multi-planar acquisition technique applied during a dynamic MRI allows for observation of displacement and deformations of pelvic organs during a strain.
The use of noninvasive respiratory support is increasing, with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and high-flow nasal cannula providing unique barriers to nutrition support. Limited data related to nutrition management for these patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) exist; however, the literature in non-critically ill patients is not well described, and its improvement may help to inform practice within the ICU. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted of MEDLINE, EmCare, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases on August 18, 2022, to identify original publications that included adult patients receiving noninvasive respiratory support in a hospital setting with data related to nutrition management. Data were extracted on study design, population, details of respiratory support, and concepts relating to nutrition management (grouped into nutrition screening, assessment, delivery route, intake, and anthropometry). Eleven studies were included, most of which were small (<100 patients), single-center, observational trials in patients receiving NIV only. Five studies reported results related to route of nutrition and nutrition assessment, two on anthropometry, and one each on quantifying intake and nutrition screening; some studies reported multiple parameters. There was a lack of consensus regarding the ideal method for nutrition assessment and route of nutrition. Oral nutrition was the route most frequently reported, yet calorie and protein delivery via this route were inadequate, and barriers to intake included poor appetite, fatigue, and patient cognition. Future research should address barriers pertinent to this population and the impact of nutrition on outcomes.
Spontaneous reports of serotonin syndrome including fatal cases associated with the co-administration of linezolid and serotonergic agents, including antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), have been reported. 

Unless clinically appropriate and patients are carefully observed for signs and/or symptoms of serotonin syndrome or neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like (NMS-like) reactions, linezolid should not be administered to patients with carcinoid syndrome and/or patients taking any of the following medications: serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, bupropion, buspirone, serotonin 5-HT1 receptor agonists (triptans), and opioids, including meperidine [see Drug Interactions (7) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

In some cases, a patient already receiving a serotonergic antidepressant or buspirone may require urgent treatment with linezolid. If alternatives to linezolid are not available and the potential benefits of linezolid outweigh the risks of serotonin syndrome or NMS-like reactions, the serotonergic antidepressant should be stopped promptly and linezolid administered.

The patient should be monitored for two weeks (five weeks if fluoxetine was taken) or until 24 hours after the last dose of linezolid, whichever comes first. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome or NMS-like reactions include hyperthermia, rigidity, myoclonus, autonomic instability, and mental status changes that include extreme agitation progressing to delirium and coma. The patient should also be monitored for discontinuation symptoms of the antidepressant (see package insert of the specified agent(s) for a description of the associated discontinuation symptoms).
FIELD: medicine; pharmacology. SUBSTANCE: method involves grinding fresh or defrosted spinal cord taken from killed cattle and hydrolyzing the substance with neutral protease. Extract is separated from the cake mass. The target product is cleaned using membrane ultrafiltration method which selectivity is equal to 10-15 kD and evaporating under vacuum action. Pharmaceutical remedy as active ingredient contains the target product in effective quantity as it is produced by the claimed method being in this way low molecular weight animal spinal cord tissue hydrolysate fraction containing amino acid complex in 2.0 to 4.0 mg/ml concentration and peptide complex in 6.0 to 8.0 mg/l concentration. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness in normalizing spinal cord functions. 4 cl, 1 dwg, 3 tbl
PCT No. PCT/IB94/00166 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 14, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 14, 1995 PCT Filed Jun. 20, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/00651 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 5, 1995The present invention relates to a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:2 or an analogue or variant thereof having SCCE activity as defined in the present application, such as a polypeptide having a subsequence of the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:2. Furthermore, the present invention relates to nucleotide sequences encoding polypeptides having SCCE activity as well as to expression systems, expression vectors, plasmids and non-human organisms comprising said nucleotide sequences. Important aspects of the present invention relate to pharmaceutical, cosmetic and skin care compositions comprising a polypeptide having SCCE activity, and the use of a polypeptide having SCCE activity for the treatment or prophylaxis of various diseases such as acne, xeroderma or other hyperkeratotic conditions such as callosities and keratosis pilaris as well as the various ichthyoses, psoriasis and other inflammatory skin diseases such as eczemas. Moreover, the present invention relates to the use of a compound which has an inhibitory effect on the enzymatic activity of native SCCE for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for treatment or prophylaxis of autoimmune pemphigus diseases or acantholytic diseases such as familiar pemphigus and Darier's disease.
BACKGROUND: Weight loss and lifestyle intervention improve glucose tolerance delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but individual responses are highly variable. Determining the predictive factors linked to the beneficial effects of weight loss on glucose tolerance could provide tools for individualized prevention plans. Thus, the aim was to investigate the relationship between pre-intervention values of insulin sensitivity and secretion and the improvement in glucose metabolism after weight loss.
METHODS: In the DEXLIFE cohort (373 individuals at high risk of T2D, assigned 3:1 to a 12-week lifestyle intervention or a control arm, Trial Registration: ISRCTN66987085), K-means clustering and logistic regression analysis were performed based on pre-intervention indices of insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion (AUC-I), and glucose-stimulated insulin response (ratio of incremental areas of insulin and glucose, iAUC I/G). The response to the intervention was evaluated in terms of reduction of OGTT-glucose concentration. Clusters' validation was done in the prospective EGIR-RISC cohort (n = 1538).
RESULTS: Four replicable clusters with different glycemic and metabolomic profiles were identified. Individuals had similar weight loss, but improvement in glycemic profile and β-cell function was different among clusters, highly depending on pre-intervention insulin response to OGTT. Pre-intervention high insulin response was associated with the best improvement in AUC-G, while clusters with low AUC-I and iAUC I/G showed no beneficial effect of weight loss on glucose control, as also confirmed by the logistic regression model.
CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with preserved β-cell function and high insulin concentrations at baseline have the best improvement in glucose tolerance after weight loss.
We conducted a pilot study among 30 volunteers from the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG) in order to: (1) select the urine pH strip that most closely correlates with urine pH measured by pH meter for the New England Bladder Cancer Study, (2) calibrate the urine pH strip that was used for the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study against pH measured by a pH meter, and (3) compare the DNA yields from buccal cells obtained from two different methods: mouthwash vs toothbrush-rinse method. At the time of enrollment, study participants were asked to provide information on age, gender, height, weight, consumption of antacids and calcium supplements, and whether they ate, drank or brushed their teeth in the last hour previous to the buccal cells sample collection. In addition, they measured their urine pH with four different pH strips twice a day (early morning and before dinner) for a week and record the measurements in a diary. During the same week, they were asked to collect two spot urine samples each day from Monday to Thursday (early morning and before dinner), and one more on Friday morning, and bring them into work in a cooler. Also, they were asked to collect a continuous 24-hour urine sample during one of the three first days of the week. Urine samples were picked up by lab personnel from BioReliance, and pH was measured at their laboratory with the four pH strips again and with a pH meter. Buccal cells sample collection was completed during the first and the last day of the urine sample collection period. The first day, study participants were asked to provide a water rinse sample after brushing the inside of their cheeks with a toothbrush, and a week later they were asked to provide a mouth wash sample consisting of two consecutive rinses with Scope mouthwash. All samples and questionnaire data was unlinked from personal identifiers after the sample collection was completed. Participants were compensated with $100 for the inconvenience of participating in this complex study and for their time. Information collected from this pilot study has been used to prepare manuscripts, as well as select and optimize the sample collection protocols in the New England Bladder Cancer Study.
Inguinal hernia surgery is one of the most common elective operations around the world. It was significantly down-prioritised during the pandemic, with fewer planned procedures and a likely increase in a global backlog. According to the most updated data, there are 74,822 patients waiting for inguinal hernia repair in the United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS), although the recommended expected waiting time should not exceed 18 weeks. It is likely that other countries face the same problem, although such granular data does not exist. Additionally, while waiting for an elective repair, complications of inguinal hernia might arise and an emergency surgery might be needed. Identifying the scale of the global backlog at a global level will inform policy makers on the best strategies to optimise this elective surgical pathway.

Different surgical techniques exist, with different mesh and non-mesh techniques being described. The most up-to-date international guidelines recommend Lichenstein as the gold-standard for open repair of inguinal hernias, but a more tailored approach is recommended. The patient, the hernia type, and the surgeon's expertise will influence the choice of surgical technique which leads to a wide variation worldwide. Additionally, in areas where there is a deficit of surgeons, task sharing and task shifting might be implemented. Identification of this practice across the world and the outcomes associated with it will inform future research in this area.

Finally, as inguinal hernia repair is a very common procedure, it can reflect the global uptake of environmentally sustainable measures in elective surgery. Achieving a net zero health system is only possible if reducing the carbon output from operating theatres is included. Different countries might have different protocols and measures adopted to be environmentally sustainable that could be used in different settings. Understanding the baseline point of these practices is extremely important to inform future studies in this area.
AIMS: The hippocampus has been reported to be morphologically and neurochemically altered in schizophrenia (SZ). Hyperlocomotion is a characteristic SZ-associated behavioral phenotype, which is associated with dysregulated dopamine system function induced by hippocampal hyperactivity. However, the neural mechanism of hippocampus underlying hyperlocomotion remains largely unclear.
METHODS: Mouse pups were injected with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist (MK-801) or vehicle twice daily on postnatal days (PND) 7-11. In the adulthood phase, one cohort of mice underwent electrode implantation in field CA1 of the hippocampus for the recording local field potentials and spike activity. A separate cohort of mice underwent surgery to allow for calcium imaging of the hippocampus while monitoring the locomotion. Lastly, the effects of atypical antipsychotic (aripiprazole, ARI) were evaluated on hippocampal neural activity.
RESULTS: We found that the hippocampal theta oscillations were enhanced in MK-801-treated mice, but the correlation coefficient between the hippocampal spiking activity and theta oscillation was reduced. Consistently, although the rate and amplitude of calcium transients of hippocampal neurons were increased, their synchrony and correlation to locomotion speed were disrupted. ARI ameliorated perturbations produced by the postnatal MK-801 treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the disruption of neural coordination may underly the neuropathological mechanism for hyperlocomotion of SZ.
West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) are closely related flaviviruses that can cause encephalitis in humans and related diseases in animals. In nature, both are transmitted by Culex, with wild birds, including jays, sparrows, and robins, serving as vertebrate hosts. WNV and SLEV circulate in the same environments and have recently caused concurrent disease outbreaks in humans. The extent that coinfection of mosquitoes or birds may alter transmission dynamics, however, is not well characterized. We therefore sought to determine if coinfection alters infection kinetics and virus levels in birds and infection rates in mosquitoes. Accordingly, American robins (Turdus migratorius), two species of mosquitoes, and vertebrate and invertebrate cells were infected with WNV and/or SLEV to assess how simultaneous exposure may alter infection outcomes. There was variable impact of coinfection in vertebrate cells, with some evidence that SLEV can suppress WNV replication. However, robins had comparable viremia and antibody responses regardless of coinfection. Conversely, in Culex cells and mosquitoes, we saw a minimal impact of simultaneous exposure to both viruses on replication, with comparable infection, dissemination, and transmission rates in singly infected and coinfected mosquitoes. Importantly, while WNV and SLEV levels in coinfected mosquito midguts were positively correlated, we saw no correlation between them in salivary glands and saliva. These results reveal that while coinfection can occur in both avian and mosquito hosts, the viruses minimally impact one another. The potential for coinfection to alter virus population structure or the likelihood of rare genotypes emerging remains unknown.IMPORTANCEWest Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) are closely related viruses that are transmitted by the same mosquitoes and infect the same birds in nature. Both viruses circulate in the same regions and have caused concurrent outbreaks in humans. It is possible that mosquitoes, birds, and/or humans could be infected with both WNV and SLEV simultaneously, as has been observed with Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses. To study the impact of coinfection, we experimentally infected vertebrate and invertebrate cells, American robins, and two Culex species with WNV and/or SLEV. Robins were efficiently coinfected, with no impact of coinfection on virus levels or immune response. Similarly, in mosquitoes, coinfection did not impact infection rates, and mosquitoes could transmit both WNV and SLEV together. These results reveal that WNV and SLEV coinfection in birds and mosquitoes can occur in nature, which may impact public health and human disease risk.
The increasing prevalence of diabetes is of particular concern in women of childbearing age because of the short and long-term consequences of maternal diabetes for the health of the offspring, such as a greater risk of developing metabolic impairments and cognitive deficits. In addition, maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation might contribute to preventing or ameliorating adverse offspring outcomes. Recently, we described that access to snacks exacerbates glucose intolerance in mildly hyperglycemic pregnant dams. Therefore, we hypothesized that these offspring would show greater impairment in metabolic and behavioral outcomes across the lifespan. Neonatal STZ treatment was employed to induce maternal mild hyperglycemia in females. After mating, normo- and hyperglycemic dams were given access either to standard chow or standard show plus snacks. Male and female offspring were evaluated on postnatal days (PND) 30, 90, and 360. Offspring behavior was assessed in the marble burying task, the open-field test, the elevated-plus maze, and sucrose preference. Glucose tolerance and morphometric analyses were also carried out. Maternal hyperglycemia increased body weight and fat deposition only on PND 30, while retroperitoneal fat deposition was reduced in the offspring of snack-fed dams. However, maternal snack intake reduced offspring body weight and length on PND 90. Fasting glucose was increased in females born to hyperglycemic, snack-fed dams on PND 90. Glucose clearance was altered by both maternal conditions in male offspring on PND 30, however, this sex difference was reversed on PND 90, with maternal hyperglycemia impairing glucose clearance only in females. In addition, maternal hyperglycemia reduced anxiety-like behavior in female offspring on PND 30, especially in the offspring of snack-fed dams, while maternal snack intake reduced sucrose preference in both males and females in adulthood. These results suggest that the effects of maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy and lactation on offspring outcomes were not exacerbated by snack intake. Although additive effects of the two maternal conditions were hypothesized, the absence of such effects could be related to the mild maternal hyperglycemia induced by STZ treatment even when combined with snack intake. While maternal hyperglycemia alone impaired some offspring outcomes, its association with snack intake did not aggravate those impairments but rather resulted in outcomes more similar to those of offspring born to normoglycemic dams. Finally, females were found to be more susceptible to both the effects of maternal hyperglycemia and snack intake on metabolism and behavior.
Obesity is a serious global health challenge, closely associated with numerous chronic conditions including type 2 diabetes. Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (AA) known as Jimo has been used to address conditions associated with pathogenic heat such as wasting-thirst in Korean Medicine. Timosaponin A3 (TA3), a natural compound extracted from AA, has demonstrated potential therapeutic effects in various disease models. However, its effects on diabetes and obesity remain largely unexplored. We investigated the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties of TA3 using in vitro and in vivo models. TA3 treatment in NCI-H716 cells stimulated the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) through the activation of phosphorylation of protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PKAc) and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, TA3 effectively inhibited lipid accumulation by regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis. In a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice model, TA3 administration significantly reduced body weight gain and food intake. Furthermore, TA3 improved glucose tolerance, lipid profiles, and mitigated hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed mice. Histological analysis revealed that TA3 reduced the size of white adipocytes and inhibited adipose tissue generation. Notably, TA3 downregulated the expression of lipogenic factor, including fatty-acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), emphasizing its potential as an anti-obesity agent. These findings revealed that TA3 may be efficiently used as a natural compound for tackling obesity, diabetes, and associated metabolic disorders, providing a novel approach for therapeutic intervention.
Lidocaine overdose from cutaneous absorption is rare but could occur. If there is any suspicion of lidocaine overdose, drug blood concentration should be checked. The management of overdose includes close monitoring, supportive care, and symptomatic treatment. Dialysis is of negligible value in the treatment of acute overdose with lidocaine. In the absence of massive topical overdose or oral ingestion, evaluation of symptoms of toxicity should include consideration of other etiologies for the clinical effects, or overdosage from other sources of lidocaine or other local anesthetics. There is no specific antidote for overdose with capsaicin. In case of suspected overdose, remove Trubrexa TMTransdermal Patch and gently wash the area with soap and water. Use supportive measures and treat symptoms as clinically warranted.