anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Poor performance on phonological tasks is characteristic of neurodevelopmental language disorders (dyslexia and/or developmental language disorder). Perceptual deficit accounts attribute phonological dysfunction to lower-level deficits in speech-sound processing. However, a causal pathway from speech perception to phonological performance has not been established. We assessed this relationship in typical adults by experimentally disrupting speech-sound discrimination in a phonological short-term memory (pSTM) task. We used an automated audio-morphing method (Rogers & Davis, 2017) to create ambiguous intermediate syllables between 16 letter name-letter name ("B"-"P") and letter name-word ("B"-"we") pairs. High- and low-ambiguity syllables were used in a pSTM task in which participants (N = 36) recalled six- and eight-letter name sequences. Low-ambiguity sequences were better recalled than high-ambiguity sequences, for letter name-letter name but not letter name-word morphed syllables. A further experiment replicated this ambiguity cost (N = 26), but failed to show retroactive or prospective effects for mixed high- and low-ambiguity sequences, in contrast to pSTM findings for speech-in-noise (SiN; Guang et al., 2020; Rabbitt, 1968). These experiments show that ambiguous speech sounds impair pSTM, via a different mechanism to SiN recall. We further show that the effect of ambiguous speech on recall is context-specific, limited, and does not transfer to recall of nonconfusable items. This indicates that speech perception deficits are not a plausible cause of pSTM difficulties in language disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
PIEZO2 is a trimeric mechanically-gated ion channel expressed by most sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia. Mechanosensitive PIEZO2 channels are also genetically required for normal touch sensation in both mice and humans. We previously showed that PIEZO2 channels are also strongly modulated by membrane voltage. Specifically, it is only at very positive voltages that all channels are available for opening by mechanical force. Conversely, most PIEZO2 channels are blocked at normal negative resting membrane potentials. The physiological function of this unusual biophysical property of PIEZO2 channels, however, remained unknown. We characterized the biophysical properties of three PIEZO2 ion channel mutations at an evolutionarily conserved arginine (R2756). Using genome engineering in mice we generated Piezo2R2756H/R2756H and Piezo2R2756K/R2756K knock-in mice to characterize the physiological consequences of altering PIEZO2 voltage sensitivity in vivo. We measured endogenous mechanosensitive currents in sensory neurons isolated from the dorsal root ganglia and characterized mechanoreceptor and nociceptor function using electrophysiology. Mice were also assessed behaviourally and morphologically. Mutations at the conserved Arginine (R2756) dramatically changed the biophysical properties of the channel relieving voltage block and lowering mechanical thresholds for channel activation. Piezo2R2756H/R2756H and Piezo2R2756K/R2756K knock-in mice that were homozygous for gain-of-function mutations were viable and were tested for sensory changes. Surprisingly, mechanosensitive currents in nociceptors, neurons that detect noxious mechanical stimuli, were substantially sensitized in Piezo2 knock-in mice, but mechanosensitive currents in most mechanoreceptors that underlie touch sensation were only mildly affected by the same mutations. Single-unit electrophysiological recordings from sensory neurons innervating the glabrous skin revealed that rapidly-adapting mechanoreceptors that innervate Meissner's corpuscles exhibited slightly decreased mechanical thresholds in Piezo2 knock-in mice. Consistent with measurements of mechanically activated currents in isolated sensory neurons essentially all cutaneous nociceptors, both fast conducting Aδ-mechanonociceptors and unmyelinated C-fibre nociceptors were substantially more sensitive to mechanical stimuli and indeed acquired receptor properties similar to ultrasensitive touch receptors in Piezo2 knock-in mice. Mechanical stimuli also induced enhanced ongoing activity in cutaneous nociceptors in Piezo2 knock-in mice and hyper-sensitive PIEZO2 channels were sufficient alone to drive ongoing activity, even in isolated nociceptive neurons. Consistently, Piezo2 knock-in mice showed substantial behavioural hypersensitivity to noxious mechanical stimuli. Our data indicate that ongoing activity and sensitization of nociceptors, phenomena commonly found in human chronic pain syndromes, can be driven by relieving the voltage-block of PIEZO2 ion channels. Indeed, membrane depolarization caused by multiple noxious stimuli may sensitize nociceptors by relieving voltage-block of PIEZO2 channels.
BACKGROUND: 60% of women in Papua New Guinea (PNG) give birth unsupervised and outside of a health facility, contributing to high national maternal and perinatal mortality rates. We evaluated a practical, hospital-based on-the-job training program implemented by local health authorities in PNG between 2013 and 2019 aimed at addressing this challenge by upskilling community health workers (CHWs) to provide quality maternal and newborn care in rural health facilities.
METHODS: Two provinces, the Eastern Highlands and Simbu Provinces, were included in the study. In the Eastern Highlands Province, a baseline and end point skills assessment and post-training interviews 12 months after completion of the 2018 training were used to evaluate impacts on CHW knowledge, skills, and self-reported satisfaction with training. Quality and timeliness of referrals was assessed through data from the Eastern Highlands Province referral hospital registers. In Simbu Province, impacts of training on facility births, stillbirths and referrals were evaluated pre- and post-training retrospectively using routine health facility reporting data from 2012 to 2019, and negative binomial regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders and correlation of outcomes within facilities.
RESULTS: The average knowledge score increased significantly, from 69.8% (95% CI:66.3-73.2%) at baseline, to 87.8% (95% CI:82.9-92.6%) following training for the 8 CHWs participating in Eastern Highlands Province training. CHWs reported increased confidence in their skills and ability to use referral networks. There were significant increases in referrals to the Eastern Highlands provincial hospital arriving in the second stage of labour but no significant difference in the 5 min Apgar score for children, pre and post training. Data on 11,345 births in participating facilities in Simbu Province showed that the number of births in participating rural health facilities more than doubled compared to prior to training, with the impact increasing over time after training (0-12 months after training: IRR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.04-2.44, p-value 0.033, > 12 months after training: IRR 2.46, 95% CI:1.37-4.41, p-value 0.003). There was no significant change in stillbirth or referral rates.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed positive impacts of the upskilling program on CHW knowledge and practice of participants, facility births rates, and appropriateness of referrals, demonstrating its promise as a feasible intervention to improve uptake of maternal and newborn care services in rural and remote, low-resource settings within the resourcing available to local authorities. Larger-scale evaluations of a size adequately powered to ascertain impact of the intervention on stillbirth rates are warranted.
PCT No. PCT/AU91/00303 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 7, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 7, 1992 PCT Filed Jul. 9, 1991 PCT Pub. No. WO92/00994 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 9, 1991The present invention relates to a milk protein mixture useful for promoting growth of animal cells, for treating a surface wound, or for treating a gastrointestinal injury, disease, or ulcer, methods for preparing the milk protein mixture and methods employing the milk protein mixture. The milk protein mixture is prepared from a milk product such as cheese whey employing a cation exchange resin suitable for absorbing the milk protein mixture, filtering, and concentrating the product of cation exchange. The milk protein mixture for promoting growth of animal cells also includes a liquid culture medium. The milk protein mixture for treating a surface wound or for treating a gastrointestinal injury, disease, or ulcer also includes a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable diluent, carrier, or excipient.
PURPOSE: Composition for treatment and prevention of osteoporosis is provided to be usefully used for treatment, prevention and improvement of osteoporosis as significantly increasing the growth rate of cell which perennial Artemisia extract is decreased due to the oxidative stress. CONSTITUTION: Composition for treatment and prevention of osteoporosis comprises Perennial Artemisia extract as an active ingredient. The perennial Artemisia extract is water or alcohol extract. The alcohol is ethane. The osteoporosis is caused by oxidative stress. Health food for prevention and improvement of osteoporosis includes the Perennial Artemisia extract as an active ingredient.
Xolair placebo 150-375 mg is administered subcutaneously (SC) every 2 or 4 weeks depending on the patient's baseline serum total IgE level (IU/mL), measured before the start of treatment, and body weight (kg) ). Doses of more than 150 mg are divided among more than one injection site to limit injections to not more than 150 mg per site.
BACKGROUND: Shoulder periprosthetic joint infection is most commonly caused by Cutibacterium. Effective removal of these bacteria from the skin is difficult because Cutibacterium live protected in the dermal sebaceous glands beneath the skin surface to which surgical preparation solutions, such as chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), are applied. There is conflicting evidence on the additional benefit of using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an adjunct to CHG in eliminating Cutibacterium from the skin. A previous study demonstrated that after CHG skin preparation, repopulation of Cutibacterium from sebaceous glands onto the skin surface occurs in 90% of shoulders by 60 minutes after application. The objective of this randomized controlled study was to determine the effectiveness of adding H2O2 to CHG in reducing skin Cutibacterium.
METHODS: Eighteen male volunteers (36 shoulders) were recruited for this study. The 2 shoulders of each volunteer were randomized to receive the control preparation ("CHG-only" - 2% CHG in 70% isopropyl alcohol alone) or the study preparation ("H2O2+CHG" - 3% H2O2 followed by 2% CHG in 70% isopropyl alcohol). Skin swabs were taken from each shoulder prior to skin preparation and again at 60 minutes after preparation. Swabs were cultured for Cutibacterium and observed for 14 days. Cutibacterium skin load was reported using a semiquantitative system based on the number of quadrants growing on the culture plate.
RESULTS: Prior to skin preparation, 100% of the CHG-only shoulders and 100% of the H2O2+CHG shoulders had positive skin surface cultures for Cutibacterium. Repopulation of Cutibacterium on the skin at 60 minutes occurred in 78% of CHG-only and 78% of H2O2+CHG shoulders (P = 1.00). Reduction of Cutibacterium skin levels occurred in 56% of CHG-only and 61% of H2O2+CHG shoulders (P = .735). Cutibacterium levels were significantly decreased from before skin preparation to 60 minutes after preparation in both the CHG-only (2.1 ± 0.8 to 1.3 ± 0.9, P = .003) and the H2O2+CHG groups (2.2 ± 0.7 to 1.4 ± 0.9, P < .001). Substantial skin surface levels of Cutibacterium were present at 60 minutes after both preparations.
CONCLUSIONS: In this randomized controlled study, there was no additional benefit of using hydrogen peroxide as an adjunct to chlorhexidine gluconate skin preparation in the reduction of cutaneous Cutibacterium levels. Neither preparation was able to eliminate repopulation of Cutibacterium on the skin surface from the dermal sebaceous glands.
The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine for treating epilepsy and a preparation method thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine comprises the following raw materials: 15-25 parts of rhizoma typhonii, 15-25 parts of gastrodia elata, 15-25 parts of stiff silkworm, 20-30 parts of uncaria, 15-25 parts of golden scorpion, 8-12 parts of cinnabar, 25-35 parts of periostracum cicada, 15-25 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza, 8-15 parts of Chinese parsnip root and 6-10 parts of liquorice. The preparation method comprises the following steps: drying the raw materials; crushing into 80-100 meshes; uniformly mixing; disinfecting and then filling capsules with the medicine powder. The traditional Chinese medicine is used for treating various epilepsy diseases and has the effects of soothing the nerves, clearing heat, soothing liver, removing acute communicable diseases, soothing acupuncture point, tonifying Qi and activating blood. The traditional Chinese medicine is taken with warm water, can quickly become effective, is short in treatment course, is low in cost and is high in cure rate. On the basis 56 cases of treating epilepsy, the total effective rate is 100% and the cure rate is 99.99%.
Composition including saccharin in an amount sufficient to inhibit bacterial growth and/or virulence for use in a method of treating and/or preventing infection, wherein the composition is formulated for application to a patient’s skin, wherein the composition is formulated for inhalation, or wherein the composition is formulated for intravenous administration. Preferably, the infection is caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia or Enterobacter. Bacterial mobility and biofilm formation may be inhibited. The saccharin may be sodium saccharin. Composition may be formulated for administration to a patients skin and/or application to a wound. Composition may be a liquid, cream, ointment, gel or hydrogel and/or may be incorporated into a wound dressing. Formulated for inhalation may result in an aerosolised or dry powder composition.
The placebo condition will be 300 kcal/day of locally-purchased rice cooked with a small amount of oil (10:2 ratio), which mimics the usual breakfast of children in this region. The community health workers or other designated villagers will prepare the rice freshly each intervention day using locally accepted standards for hygiene, and a quality control process for ratios of ingredients assigned by the research team to ensure consistent composition.
FIELD: biotechnology, medicinal microbiology. SUBSTANCE: strain Lactobacillus acidophilus 27L is isolated from intestine of health child of the 1-st year life. The strain shows good acid- -forming properties, able to inhibit opportunistic microorganisms and shows resistance to some antibiotics. The strain has no pathogenic and pyrogenic properties for humans and animals, normalizes digestive tract microflora in children. The strain is deposited in VKPM at = --8237. The strain is ready for application in pediatric practice as biologically active supplements. Invention can be used as biologically active supplements for correction of disorders in biocenosis of digestive tract in children. EFFECT: valuable medicinal properties of strain. 2 tbl, 3 ex
200 ADRC participants will be recruited and randomized 100 each to usual care (UC) or {usual care plus an early palliative care intervention} (EPC) to be delivered by a nurse over a twelve-month period. The EPC will include one nurse-led palliative consult for a two-hour virtual session followed by 11 monthly 30-minute phone/video sessions plus usual care. The study aims are to determine whether EPC will lead to (a) eliciting and alleviating the supportive care needs of patients, (b) help them complete and sign (with witnesses) their Advance Directives and the POLST (signed by the patient/proxy and their doctor) upload these into the electronic health records. Exploratory outcomes will include health resource use (e.g. hospital admissions and days, emergency visits) for the participants and caregiver burden for their caregivers. Mixed-methods framework will be utilized to analyze the audiotapes of the encounters between the research nurse and the patient during the twelve intervention sessions and to assess whether the information that is provided to participants differs by patient ethnicity and cognitive levels.
This is a multicenter, double-blind (neither physician nor participant knows the treatment that the participant receives), placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group study in participants with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with Anxious Distress. Participants who had treatment initiated with a SSRI/SNRI allowed by the protocol will be evaluated at the investigation site. The site assessment will be reviewed and validated by an independent central rater. The review will include the clinical history of MDD, SSRI/SNRI treatment of adequate dose and duration for the current episode of depression, and current symptom severity on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17). Enrolled participants will be maintained on SSRI/SNRI treatment throughout the study to determine whether additional treatment with JNJ-4216579 can reduce the symptoms of MDD with anxious distress.The study will consist of 3 phases: a Screening Phase of up to 4 weeks, an 11-week double-blind Treatment Phase, and a 3-week post-treatment (follow up) Phase. The double-blind treatment Phase of the trial will consist of 3 periods. The first period is a placebo lead-in of double-blind duration, after which participants will enter the treatment period when they will be randomly assigned to JNJ-42165279 or continuation on placebo for 6 weeks. Participants who successfully complete the treatment period prior to the end of Week 11, will be treated with placebo for the remaining time of the double-blind phase of the study, which will vary depending on the duration of the placebo lead-in for the specific participant. The total study duration for each participant will be approximately 18 weeks. Efficacy and safety of JNJ-42165279 will be evaluated. Participants' safety will be monitored throughout the study.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The association between onset age and sex with relapse risk in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remains inconclusive. We aimed to describe the clinical features of patients with NMOSD in different age groups and sexes and to analyse relapse characteristics pre- and post-immunosuppressive therapy (IST).
METHODS: Patients with NMOSD were retrospectively reviewed from our clinical centre's database. Demographic and clinical data, attack presentation, and disease course pre- and post-IST were investigated. We also analysed the effect of onset age on the annualized relapse rate and relapse risk according to sex and IST status. Interactions on the additive scale between onset age and sex were analysed. A restricted cubic spline was used to analyse potential nonlinear correlations. Longitudinal changes in the Expanded Disability Status Scale score across NMOSD attacks were analysed using linear mixed-effect models.
RESULTS: In total, 533 patients experienced 1394 attacks pre-IST and 753 relapses post-IST. Older age at onset was correlated with more myelitis attacks but fewer optic neuritis attacks, with no sex-related differences in attack presentation. Pre-IST, relapse risk increased with age at onset in women, while a U-shaped correlation between onset age and relapse risk was found in men. Post-IST, an inverted U-shaped association between the predicted relapse risk and onset age was observed in women. Conversely, a negative correlation between the predicted relapse risk and onset age was found in men. Overall, a higher ratio of myelitis attacks was found post-IST.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients of different onset ages and sexes had different relapse patterns before and after IST.
Standard induction into general anesthesia with succinylcholine 1 mg/kg will be performed. No other muscle relaxant will be administered during the Caesarean section until surgeon would request it. In that case, according to general standards, dose of atracurium 0.25 mg/kg will be administered.
Cancer cells integrate multiple biosynthetic demands to drive unrestricted proliferation. How these cellular processes crosstalk to fuel cancer cell growth is still not fully understood. Here, we uncover the mechanisms by which the transcription factor Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) functions as an oncogene during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Mechanistically, ChREBP triggers the expression of the PI3K regulatory subunit p85α, to sustain the activity of the pro-oncogenic PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in HCC. In parallel, increased ChREBP activity reroutes glucose and glutamine metabolic fluxes into fatty acid and nucleic acid synthesis to support PI3K/AKT-mediated HCC growth. Thus, HCC cells have a ChREBP-driven circuitry that ensures balanced coordination between PI3K/AKT signaling and appropriate cell anabolism to support HCC development. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of ChREBP by SBI-993 significantly suppresses in vivo HCC tumor growth. Overall, we show that targeting ChREBP with specific inhibitors provides an attractive therapeutic window for HCC treatment.
Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for treating diseases such as cancer. The compositions comprise one or more polysaccharides in an admixture with one or more therapeutic agents. This admixture can be administered to a subject in need thereof using any known method of administration. The therapeutic agent, if administered alone, can cause undesirable side-effects in the subject. The polysaccharide component minimizes or eliminates these side effects. The compositions described herein effectuate an enhanced therapeutic effect along with reduced toxicity. WO 2005/025501 PCT/US2004/028883 H OHa
As per preceding commendation, Western Ontario And MacMaster Osteoarthritis Index will be translated into Urdu language from its English version and adapted culturally in Pakistan. Among primary knee osteoarthritis population, Western Ontario And MacMaster Osteoarthritis Index will be distributed among 87 patients recruited by convenience sampling technique under the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria after signing consents forms. For testing inter-observer reliability and intra-observer reliability of Western Ontario And MacMaster Osteoarthritis Index and Lequesne Index will be administrated by two observers, on the same day, with a time interval of 2 hours between 1st and 2nd conduction. As for the 3rd conduction, it will be carried out after seven days by the first observer, for intra-observer assessment. Statistical Package of Social Sciences software version 24 will be used for the purpose of data entry and analysis. Internal consistency will be assessed by using an intra-class correlation coefficient. The Western Ontario And MacMaster Osteoarthritis Index will be evaluated for content validity, construct validity, criterion validity and responsiveness
Described herein are methods and systems for assessing competency of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) technician. A computing device selects an image of a biological entity associated with an IVF procedure. The computing device executes image analysis algorithms on the selected image to identify morphological characteristics of the biological entity. The computing device compares the identified morphological characteristics in the selected image with morphological characteristics of a biological entity in a reference image. The computing device generates a similarity score between the biological entity in the selected image and the biological entity in the reference image based upon the comparison, and determines an IVF procedure action for the biological entity in the selected image based upon the similarity score. The computing device requests input from a client computing device relating to the biological entity in the selected image, and determines whether the user input matches the IVF procedure action.