anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Granulomatous mastitis is a rare, chronic, benign inflammatory disease of the breast that plays a role in many varying aetiology, including infectious and non-infectious causes. This disease can clinically and radiographically mimic breast cancer, which can pose a diagnostic challenge as well as concern during evaluation. A nonspecific inflammatory response, 'granuloma' is defined as necrosis or infiltration of other inflammatory leukocytes, with or without mononuclear phagocyte collection. It is thought to be caused by infectious agents or foreign substances that activate the immune system, leading to granuloma formation. Some of the known inflammatory etiologies of granulomatous mastitis are autoimmune diseases such as tuberculosis (most commonly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis), sarcoidosis, fungal infection and granulomatosis with polyangiitis and giant cell arteritis. These diseases cannot be distinguished clinically, pathologically, and radiographically from idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.In this study, we aimed to investigate IL-1β, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1 (CCL2), IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-23, IL-33 levels in patients with granulomatous mastitis and to evaluate the differences in cytokine levels and its usability as a predictive marker in diagnosis.
Efforts to prevent and reduce mental health problems in youths have advanced greatly in recent years. However, these advances have not reduced rates of youth mental illness on a large scale. Thus, a great need exists for novel, scalable, and low-cost approaches to reducing mental health problems in youth. Ideally, such approaches would be mechanism-targeted: that is, they would act on specific developmental processes that underlie psychological disorders. The proposed research aims to address this need by testing whether a single-session intervention teaching incremental theories of personality, or the belief that one's personality is malleable-as opposed to entity theories of personality, or the belief that one's personality is fixed and unchangeable-can strengthen recovery from social stress and prevent the development of anxiety and depression during early adolescence. Compared to incremental theories, entity theories of personal traits have demonstrated cross-sectional and prospective relations with greater anxiety and depression in youths. Further, a single-session incremental personality theories intervention reduced the development of depressive symptoms in a community sample of adolescents, supporting these theories as powerful intervention and/or prevention targets, even when taught in a brief format. Specifically, this project has two aims. Aim 1 is to evaluate the effect of the implicit theories intervention on two candidate mechanisms of action, or targets, identified by prior research: arousal (measured via physiological reactivity following social stress) and loss (here, perceived loss of behavioral control) in youths 12-15 years of age. Following a lab-based social stress induction, I hypothesize that participants receiving the intervention will recover from stress more rapidly, as indicated by measures of arousal (heart rate variability; electrodermal activity levels) and self-reported loss (increased self-reported perceived control) compared to participants who do not receive the intervention. Aim 2 is to evaluate the effects of the single-session incremental theories intervention on anxiety and depression over a nine-month follow-up period. I will test whether the intervention, compared to a control protocol, reduces symptoms of anxiety an depression the development of anxiety and depression; I will also assess whether this change is a direct result of shifts in the two aforementioned targets (arousal; loss). I predict more positive trajectories in anxiety and depression for youth receiving the intervention, relative to those who do not receive the intervention, across nine months. I will also test whether these trajectories are mediated by changes in the targets described in Aim 1. Finally, regardless of outcomes for Aims 1 and 2, baseline, postintervention, and 9-month measures will be used to map links among implicit theories, interventions targeting those theories, social stress recovery, and youth anxiety and depression over time. Findings may suggest a cost-effective, scalable intervention that improves youth resiliency and mental health.
In induction treatment, study interventions include oral lenvatinib, 8 mg quaque die (QD), and pembrolizumab, 200 mg, carboplatin (AUC 5 mg/mL/min) or cisplatin (75 mg/m2), and pemetrexed, 500 mg/m2 all given by intravenous (IV) infusion on Day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Lenvatinib, pembrolizumab, carboplatin/cisplatin, and pemetrexed combination treatment will be given for 4-6 cycles, after which participants may receive maintenance treatment with Lenvatinib, 20 mg QD, and pembrolizumab, 200 mg. Lenvatinib and Pembrolizumab may be given for up to a total of 35 cycles.
The microenvironment of bone defect site is vital for bone regeneration. Severe bone defect is often accompanied with severe inflammation and elevated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during bone repair. In recent years, the unfriendly local microenvironment has been paid more and more attention. Some bioactive materials with the ability to regulate the microenvironment to promote bone regeneration urgently need to be developed. Here, we develop a multifunctional composite hydrogel composed of photo-responsive methacrylate silk fibroin (SFMA), laponite (LAP) nanocomposite and tannic acid (TA), aiming to endow hydrogel with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and osteogenic induction ability. Characterization results confirmed that the SFMA-LAP@TA hydrogel could significantly improve the mechanical properties of hydrogel. The ROS-Scavenging ability of the hydrogel enabled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to survive against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. In addition, the SFMA-LAP@TA hydrogel effectively decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in RAW264.7. More importantly, the SFMA-LAP@TA hydrogel could enhance the expression of osteogenic markers of BMSCs under inflammatory condition and greatly promote new bone formation in a critical-sized cranial defect model. Above all, the multifunctional hydrogel could effectively promote bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo by scavenging ROS and reducing inflammation, providing a prospective strategy for bone regeneration.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject compsn. having low stimulus, excellent foaming, and plain feeling, by contg. different compositional N-acyl neutral amino acids or N-acyl neutral amino acids and their salts in a specified amt. and by adjusting it to a specified pH value. SOLUTION: This cleaning material compsn. contains 60-100 wt.% of N-acyl neutral amino acid only or a mixture thereof with its salt expressed by formulae I or II, and it has a pH in 1% aq. soln. of 5.5-7.0. It may contain concurrently 0.1-20 wt.% of a 12-36C higher alcohol such as cetyl alcohol or the like, an organic acid such as citric acid and/or an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, an anionic, amphoteric or nonionic surfactant, and other additives. The N-acyl neutral amino acid may be anyone of D-, L-, and DL-forms, in which the neutral amino acid is pref. glycine, α-alanine or the like. In the formulae, R<1> and R<2> are each alkyl or alkenyl groups; and X is H or a methyl group.
Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating neuropathic pain. These inhibitors effectively reduce diabetic neuropathic pain and inflammation induced by Freund's adjuvant which makes them a suitable alternative to traditional opioids. This study showcased the notable analgesic effects of compound AMHDU (1,1'-(hexane-1,6-diyl)bis(3-((adamantan-1-yl)methyl)urea)) in both inflammatory and diabetic neuropathy models. While lacking anti-inflammatory properties in a paw edema model, AMHDU is comparable to celecoxib as an analgesic in 30 mg/kg dose administrated by intraperitoneal injection. In a diabetic tactile allodynia model, AMHDU showed a prominent analgesic activity in 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose (p < 0.05). The effect is comparable to that of gabapentin, but without the risk of dependence due to a different mechanism of action. Low acute oral toxicity (>2000 mg/kg) and a high therapeutic index makes AMHDU a promising candidate for further structure optimization and preclinical evaluation.
This project studies accommodative function, the ability to focus while doing near work. Visual discomfort symptoms, such as headaches, sore eyes, and blurred vision are commonly associated with prolonged reading or other near work. Researchers have long suspected accommodative dysfunction was involved but most clinical studies have failed to establish a relationship between weak accommodation and symptoms or reading impairments. Recent research, however, has found that clinical measure overestimate accommodative function and encourage the use of objective, autorefraction methods to measure and study accommodative weakness. This project will accomplish three goals. First, using autorefraction objective reliable procedures will be developed for measuring accommodative lag, the difference between the target location and where the eye is focused. Second, experiments will measure in real-time the impact of accommodative lag on reading fluency and visual discomfort systems. Third, studies will explore the role of the slow adaptive component in accommodative weakness. This work will lead to better methods for diagnosing and treating accommodative disorders.
The method for producing a disintegratable zinc oxide powder of the present invention is characterized by comprising: neutralizing an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble zinc salt and a carboxylic acid or an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble zinc carboxylate with an alkali carbonate to produce precipitate; and firing the precipitate to obtain zinc oxide powder. As a water-soluble zinc salt, zinc chloride or zinc acetate is preferably used. As an acid, acetic acid is preferably used. As an alkali carbonate, sodium carbonate is preferably used. The disintegratable zinc oxide powder has the morphology in which the primary particles of zinc oxide are aggregated to form secondary particles, and these secondary particles are further aggregated to form the zinc oxide powder. The powder can achieve excellent UV protection capability, excellent transparency, and excellent feeling in use through its disintegration. Also, it has good usability and good handling properties.
AIM: Despite the superiority of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), its application is limited in resource-limited settings. We aim to explore the cost and safety of RCA for CRRT in critically ill patients, compared to usual care.
METHODS: This prospective observational study included patients requiring CRRT in a tertiary intensive care unit (ICU) from February 2022 to January 2023. They were classified to either the RCA or usual care groups based on the anticoagulation technique chosen by the treating physician, considering contraindications. The CRRT prescription follows the institutional protocol. All relevant data were obtained from the ICU CRRT-RCA charts and electronic medical records. A cost analysis was performed.
RESULTS: A total of 54 patients (27 per group) were included, with no demographic differences. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and lactate levels were significantly higher in the usual care group. The number of filters used were comparable (p = .108). The median filter duration in the RCA group was numerically longer (35.00 [15.50-56.00] vs. 23.00 [17.00-29.00] h), but not statistically significant (p = .253). The duration of mechanical ventilation, vasopressor requirement, and mortality were similar, but the RCA group had a significantly longer ICU stay. The rate of adverse events was similar, with four severe metabolic alkalosis cases in the RCA group. The RCA group had higher total cost per patient per day (USD 611 vs. 408; p = .013).
CONCLUSION: In this resource-limited setting, RCA for CRRT appeared safe and had clinically longer filter lifespan compared with usual care, albeit the increased cost.
Progress has been made in elucidating causative factors for some cataracts but little is yet known about those factors involved in development of aging-related nuclear cataracts. The predominant theory of nuclear cataractogenesis is that the lens crystallins accumulate covalent modifications which ultimately lead to increased light scattering. This theory is based on several lines of evidence. Crystallins, the predominant components of the lens, are present at very high concentration and determine the refractive properties of the lens. A relationship between crystallin alterations and cataract formation comes from studies on animal cataract models where mutations in crystallin genes have been identified. Numerous studies have also demonstrated that covalent modification of crystallins occurs in the human lens. These modifications are reported to be developmentally related, age related and/or the result of toxic environmental influences. Data from this lab demonstrated that the human lens crystallins undergo extensive covalent modification as part of normal lens fiber cell maturation. Crystallin modifications that cause cataracts would have to be superimposed on these normally occurring modifications.

We have begun a study under the protocol entitled "Use of Human Lens Material for Possible Causes of Cataract" to compare crystallins in nuclear cataracts with those in normal lenses. The goal was to identify uniquely altered crystallins, isolate the modified species and determine the covalent modifications that could possibly be involved in cataract formation. Surprisingly, our preliminary findings indicated that the pattern of protein spots on a 2-dimensional display of the total lens proteins (soluble, water insoluble and membrane) in the nuclear region of nuclear cataracts is essentially the same as found in the nucleus of normal lenses. Only the relative concentrations of these protein species varied. The number of pure nuclear cataracts available was too few 1) to determine the relationship between nuclear cataracts and crystallin covalent modification and 2) to establish the significance of concentration differences in crystallin species between normal lenses and nuclear cataracts. Therefore, the purpose of this protocol is to recruit enough subjects with pure nuclear cataracts to complete this study which should provide significant insights into the mechanisms underlying nuclear cataract.
Background and Objectives: The measurement of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is essential for managing chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB). HBsAg consists of three different surface envelope proteins: large, middle, and small HB surface proteins. However, in clinical practice, it is not common to evaluate each of these HB surface proteins separately. Materials and Methods: In this study, we investigated preS1 expression using seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in 68 CHB patients, as well as examining their antigenicity. Results: Although the seven mAbs had been derived from genotype (Gt) C, they could recognize preS1 with Gts A to D. The epitopes were concentrated within the aa33-47 region of preS1, and their antigenicity was significantly reduced by an aa45F substitution. We found that preS1 expression remained consistent regardless of HBsAg levels and different Gts in CHB patients, in contrast to what was observed in SHBs. Conclusions: These results suggest that the antigenic epitope is preserved among different Gts and that the expression pattern of preS1 is altered during CHB, highlighting its vital role in the HBV infection cycle. Our present results suggest preS1 is a promising therapeutic target in CHB.
In case of overdosage, discontinue medication, treat symptomatically, and institute supportive measures as required. If the overdosage is very recent and there is no contraindication, an attempt at emesis or other means of removal of drug from the stomach may be performed. A prospective study of 51 pediatric patients at a poison-control center suggested that overdosages of less than 250 mg/kg of amoxicillin are not associated with significant clinical symptoms and do not require gastric emptying.3

Interstitial nephritis resulting in oliguric renal failure has been reported in a small number of patients after overdosage with amoxicillin.

Crystalluria, in some cases leading to renal failure, has also been reported after amoxicillin overdosage in adult and pediatric patients. In case of overdosage, adequate fluid intake and diuresis should be maintained to reduce the risk of amoxicillin crystalluria.

Renal impairment appears to be reversible with cessation of drug administration. High blood levels may occur more readily in patients with impaired renal function because of decreased renal clearance of amoxicillin. Amoxicillin may be removed from circulation by hemodialysis.
Inflammation is a frequent finding in feline mammary neoplasms. Recent research suggests that the presence and location of tumour-associated immune cells might play a significant role in the clinical outcome of feline mammary carcinomas. The present study aimed to characterise the overall inflammatory infiltrates in healthy, hyperplastic/dysplastic, benign and malignant lesions of the feline mammary gland, and to evaluate its association with clinicopathological features. Perilesional and intralesional inflammatory foci were evaluated in 307 lesions from 185 queens, and categorised according to its distribution and intensity. The presence, location and density of tertiary lymphoid structures were also assessed. A control group included 24 queens without mammary changes. The presence of intralesional and perilesional inflammatory infiltrate was observed in a majority of the lesions (80.8% and 90.2%, respectively), but differed according to the type of mammary lesion, being more remarkable in malignant neoplasms. Only scarce individual cells were observed in 28.1% of the normal mammary glands. Data analysis revealed statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) between the presence of a more prominent intralesional and perilesional inflammatory reaction and several clinicopathological features associated with worse prognosis, including clinical stage, tumour size, mitotic count, lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, tertiary lymphoid structures were significantly more frequent in tumours with an infiltrative growth and lymph node metastasis. According to our results, the inflammatory reaction present in different types of feline mammary lesions is associated with the development of more aggressive tumours.
The aim of the present protocol is to evaluate the effects of GH treatment in long-term steroid treated children, on muscle mass, and muscle strength. It will be an open, randomized, controlled, 2-parallel group study. The follow-up in this study will be one year. The objective of this study will be to evaluate short-term effects of GH treatment on muscle mass, muscle strength and body composition in children suffering from various diseases requiring steroid therapy. Expected pathologies are juvenile idiopathic arthritis, nephrotic syndrome, uveitis, systemic diseases and organ transplantation. Changes in muscle mass will be assessed by measuring the muscle and sub-cutaneous fat on the cross sectional area of the thigh by MRI. MRI offer the advantage of non-invasive technique, allowing serial and accurate measurements.Muscle strength will be performed by serial muscular testing of different muscular groups. Body composition will be assessed by DEXA. DEXA allows rapid, accurate and highly reproductible determination not only of bone mass but also of lean and fat mass of the whole body, with very low radiation exposure.It appears to be the most sensitive method for assessment of muscle wasting as well as of fat repartition that contribute to Cushing's appearance in steroid treated patients.

The present study will be performed in children with growth retardation related to long-term glucocorticoid treatment These patients had never been treated with GH. In order to be able to evaluate the effect of GH on the muscle a comparative group is needed. Therefore it will be proposed in the study to delay in a group of patient the start of GH treatment by 6 months. Six months should be enough to evaluate short-term effect of GH on the muscle and most publication have shown a maximum effect of GH within the first year of treatment. Therefore, this study will be a randomized trial: immediate start of GH treatment versus start of GH treatment 6 months later. After 6 months all children will be treated with GH. The dose administered in the present trial will be a GH dose already tested in glucocorticoid treated children (0.46 mg/kg/week)
OBJECTIVE: Recent research has helped to develop a more detailed understanding of many functional neurologic disorders. The aim of this study was to increase our knowledge of functional visual loss and to compare the findings with those of other functional syndromes.
DESIGN: Prospective and retrospective observational cohort study.
METHODS: This study took place at neuro-ophthalmology clinics at 3 major hospitals in London, United Kingdom, over a 12-month period. The study population consisted of 157 participants, 100 with functional visual loss, 21 pathologic control subjects with organic visual loss, and 36 healthy nonpathologic control subjects. All participants had their diagnosis confirmed with a full neuro-ophthalmic examination, neuroimaging, and visual electrophysiology. A full assessment of all participants' medical history was obtained from their general practitioner, and all participants completed a series of questionnaires assessing relevant associations.
RESULTS: Data were obtained on 157 participants, 100 with functional visual loss, 21 pathologic control subjects with organic visual loss, and 36 healthy nonpathologic control subjects. Participants with functional visual loss were typically female (74%) with a mean age at vision loss of 40.0 ± 16 years. Sixty-four percent of participants had bilateral vision loss; the remainder, unilateral loss. Twenty-six percent of the total cohort had organic visual loss with functional overlay. Fifty percent of participants with functional visual loss had a preexisting psychiatric diagnosis, the most common being a depressive disorder. Sixty-two percent of participants had an ocular history, and 87% had a previously diagnosed medical illness, most commonly neurologic (45%). Thirty-five percent of participants self-reported at least 1 additional functional symptom.
CONCLUSIONS: Our population of functional visual loss subjects shares many similarities with the majority of patients with other functional neurologic disorders. They are generally young and female and have a greater than expected rate of psychiatric, medical, and coexisting ocular conditions. We found increased rates of precipitating stressors, clinical depression, and organic eye problems in subjects with functional visual loss.