anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Population

The incidence of serious rash associated with hospitalization and discontinuation of lamotrigine in a prospectively followed cohort of pediatric patients (aged 2 to 17 years) is approximately 0.3% to 0.8%. One rash-related death was reported in a prospectively followed cohort of 1,983 pediatric patients (aged 2 to 16 years) with epilepsy taking lamotrigine as adjunctive therapy. Additionally, there have been rare cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis with and without permanent sequelae and/or death in US and foreign postmarketing experience. 

There is evidence that the inclusion of valproate in a multidrug regimen increases the risk of serious, potentially life-threatening rash in pediatric patients. In pediatric patients who used valproate concomitantly for epilepsy, 1.2% (6 of 482) experienced a serious rash compared with 0.6% (6 of 952) patients not taking valproate.

Adult Population Serious rash associated with hospitalization and discontinuation of lamotrigine occurred in 0.3% (11 of 3,348) of adult patients who received lamotrigine in premarketing clinical trials of epilepsy. In the bipolar and other mood disorders clinical trials, the rate of serious rash was 0.08% (1 of 1,233) of adult patients who received lamotrigine as initial monotherapy and 0.13% (2 of 1,538) of adult patients who received lamotrigine as adjunctive therapy. No fatalities occurred among these individuals. However, in worldwide postmarketing experience, rare cases of rash-related death have been reported, but their numbers are too few to permit a precise estimate of the rate.

Among the rashes leading to hospitalization were Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, angioedema, and those associated with multiorgan hypersensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

There is evidence that the inclusion of valproate in a multidrug regimen increases the risk of serious, potentially life-threatening rash in adults. Specifically, of 584 patients administered lamotrigine with valproate in epilepsy clinical trials, 6 (1%) were hospitalized in association with rash; in contrast, 4 (0.16%) of 2,398 clinical trial patients and volunteers administered lamotrigine in the absence of valproate were hospitalized.

Patients with History of Allergy or Rash to Other Antiepileptic Drugs The risk of nonserious rash may be increased when the recommended initial dose and/or the rate of dose escalation for lamotrigine is exceeded and in patients with a history of allergy or rash to other AEDs.
A common result of infection is an abnormal immune response, which may be detrimental to the host. To control the infection, the immune system might undergo regulation, therefore producing an excess of either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory pathways that can lead to widespread inflammation, tissue damage, and organ failure. A dysregulated immune response can manifest as changes in differentiated immune cell populations and concentrations of circulating biomarkers. To propose an early diagnostic system that enables differentiation and identifies the severity of immune-dysregulated syndromes, we built an artificial intelligence tool that uses input data from single-cell RNA sequencing. In our results, single-cell transcriptomics successfully distinguished between mild and severe sepsis and COVID-19 infections. Moreover, by interpreting the decision patterns of our classification system, we identified that different immune cells upregulating or downregulating the expression of the genes CD3, CD14, CD16, FOSB, S100A12, and TCRɣδ can accurately differentiate between different degrees of infection. Our research has identified genes of significance that effectively distinguish between infections, offering promising prospects as diagnostic markers and providing potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Patients assigned to the RT management arm will receive a 1-hour educational in-service conducted by a respiratory therapist case manager. The patient education session will include general information about COPD, direct observation of inhaler techniques, a review and adjustment of outpatient COPD medications, smoking cessation counseling, recommendations concerning influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations, encouragement of regular exercise, and instruction in hand hygiene.
TEMLA (Transcervical Extended Mediastinal Lymphadenectomy) is a procedure for mediastinal lymph node sampling to stage patients with lung cancer. All patients receive a dose of IV antibiotic pre-procedure to prevent infection. The concept of the proposed study is to protect the gut microbiome against detrimental effects of the antibiotic using oral activated charcoal as a potent adsorbent with no absorption. Oral activated charcoal (OAC) binds to the fraction of IV antibiotic that reaches the lumen of the gut without interfering with its desired systemic effects. The conceptual goal is to prevent dysbiosis by protecting the gut microbiome. Dysbiosis is the leading cause of C. difficile infection and a number of other adverse clinical outcomes such as antibiotic resistance.
BACKGROUND: The application of end-to-side (ETS) anastomosis for flap transfer poses challenges, particularly in cases of significant size discrepancy between the donor and flap arteries. Herein, a novel ETS anastomosis technique, termed "sucker-like ETS anastomosis", is developed to mitigate and rectify such vessel discrepancies. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of this technique in tissue defect reconstruction through free flap transfer.
METHODS: Between September 2018 and March 2023, the medical records and follow-up data of 78 patients who underwent free flap transfer using sucker-like ETS anastomosis for significant artery size discrepancies were collected and retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS: Among the 78 cases that received free flap transfer, the range of artery size discrepancy (flap artery vs donor artery) was 1:1.6-1:4 (mean: 1:2.5). Following anastomosis with the sucker-like ETS technique, 75 cases achieved flap survival without requiring additional surgical intervention, yielding a one-stage success rate of 96.2%. Three cases experienced post-operative venous crises, with two cases surviving after vein exploration and one case undergoing flap necrosis, necessitating a secondary skin graft. Seven cases faced delayed wound healing but eventually achieved complete healing following dressing changes. No arterial crisis was observed during hospitalization. With an average follow-up of 13 months, the surviving flaps exhibited excellent vitality without flap necrosis or pigment deposition. Overall, the application of sucker-like ETS arterial anastomosis for flap transfer resulted in a high overall surgical success rate of 98.7% (77/78).
CONCLUSION: The application of sucker-like ETS anastomosis for free flap transfer is highly effective, particularly in cases with significant size discrepancy between the recipient and donor arteries.
Titanium and titanium alloys remain the gold standard for dental and orthopedic implants. These materials are heavily used because of their bioinert nature, robust mechanical properties, and seamless integration with bone. However, implant-associated infections (IAIs) remain one of the leading causes of implant failure. Eradicating an IAI can be difficult since bacteria can form biofilms on the medical implant, protecting the bacterial cells against systemic antibiotics and the host's immune system. If the infection is not treated promptly and aggressively, device failure is inevitable, leading to costly multi-step revision surgeries. To circumvent this dire situation, scientists and engineers continue to develop novel strategies to protect the surface of medical implants from bacteria. In this review, details on emerging strategies to prevent infection in titanium implants are reported. These strategies include anti-adhesion properties provided by polymers, superhydrophobic, superhydrophilic, and liquid-infused surface coatings, as well as strategies and coatings employed to lyse the bacteria. Additionally, commercially available technologies and those under preclinical trials are examined while discussing current and future trends.
The placebo control group will attend a group session moderated by an independent interventionist. This interventionist will be blinded to the Specific Aims and hypotheses of this study. The session will address the role of diet and exercise in pediatric overweight. In addition, control parents will receive pedometers (and instructions on their use) for themselves and 1 of their children. Finally, control participants will be mailed publicly available brochures on pediatric overweight on 2 occasions during the study. Control participants will also be sent home one additional packet of information (essentially a review of previous mail outs) 2 months after post-testing.
The control group will consist of a tea gathering session at the beginning and 1 month later, followed by a follow-up session at 3 months on physical exercise or healthy diet. The tea gathering sessions will cover topics unrelated to the intervention, such as arts and crafts workshops. Trained facilitators will have the relevant knowledge and skills to carry out the intervention effectively.
12.1 Mechanism of Action

The plasma volume expansion produced by 6% Hetastarch in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection approximates that of 5% Albumin (Human). Intravenous infusion of 6% Hetastarch in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection results in expansion of plasma volume.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

6% Hetastarch in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection results in expansion of plasma volume that decreases over the succeeding 24 to 36 hours. The degree of plasma volume expansion and improvement in hemodynamic state depend upon the patient's intravascular status.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

Hetastarch molecules below 50,000 molecular weight are rapidly eliminated by renal excretion. A single dose of approximately 500 mL of 6% Hetastarch in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection (approximately 30 g) results in elimination in the urine of approximately 33% of the dose within 24 hours. This is a variable process but generally results in an intravascular hetastarch concentration of less than 10% of the total dose injected by two weeks. A study of the biliary excretion of 6% Hetastarch in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection in 10 healthy males accounted for less than 1% of the dose over a 14 day period. The hydroxyethyl group is not cleaved by the body but remains intact and attached to glucose units when excreted. Significant quantities of glucose are not produced as hydroxyethylation prevents complete metabolism of the smaller polymers.

The addition of hetastarch to whole blood increases the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Therefore, 6% Hetastarch in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection is used to improve the efficiency of granulocyte collection by centrifugal means.
The worldwide monkeypox (mpox) outbreak in 2022 showed a high frequency of sexually transmitted infections (STI). A cross-sectional study was carried out using secondary data from the Brazilian official mpox surveillance systems. A total of 10,169 mpox cases were identified, with a median age of 32 years. Among them, 92.3% were male at birth and 57.5% were men who have sex with other men (MSM). Approximately 11% were diagnosed with STI, including 5.8% with syphilis and 2.5% with genital herpes. Individuals aged from 25 to 34 years, MSM, individuals with HIV-positive status, and those manifesting skin eruptions or penile edema were associated with STI. Laboratory investigation for mpox must be implemented as a priority in STI clinics (especially for MSM) to mitigate neglected cases, ensure appropriate treatments, and prevent misdiagnoses.
Participants will receive Treatment A (single application of DURAGESIC fentanyl transdermal system 100 microgram per hour (µg/h) dose) as Reference in Period 1; followed by Treatment B (single application of Fentanyl transdermal system \[JNJ-35685-AAA-G021\] 100 µg/h dose) as test in Period 2. A washout period of at least 8 days and no more than 14 days will be maintained between each treatment period.
UNLABELLED: Our objective was to obtain information about diaphragm muscle mass, strength, and quality using conventional US and US-based imaging method shear wave elastography (SWE) in pediatric patients with primary malnutrition. We also sought to evaluate the usability of SWE in the diagnosis and follow-up of sarcopenia. We evaluated the diaphragm thickness and stiffness of patients diagnosed with primary malnutrition in the pediatrics and pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic using US and US-based SWE. The data were compared with those of an age- and gender-matched healthy control group. The study included 115 volunteers. Of the cases included, 53 were healthy controls and 62 (54%) were patients with primary malnutrition. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender (p = 0.891 and p = 0.923, respectively). The malnourished patient group had significantly lower diaphragm thickness and stiffness. There is a significant positive correlation between anthropometric measurement Z scores and diaphragm thickness and stiffness.
CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that there was a reduction in the thickness of the diaphragm and a decline in its stiffness, which could be an indirect indicator of the quality and strength of the diaphragm muscle. These findings suggest that US and SWE evaluation of the diaphragm muscle may have the potential for use in the diagnosis and follow-up of sarcopenia. However, further comprehensive randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm this.
WHAT IS KNOWN: • Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry are commonly used in the evaluation of sarcopenia. • The psoas and paraspinal muscles are commonly used in the evaluation of sarcopenia.
WHAT IS NEW: • Ultrasound and shear wave elastography can be used in the evaluation of pediatric sarcopenia. • Diaphragm muscle can be used in the evaluation of pediatric sarcopenia.
PCT No. PCT/JP95/00773 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 5, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 5, 1996 PCT Filed Apr. 19, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO95/30440 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 16, 1995An antifungal composition for external use being retentive in the stratum corneum containing as an active ingredient an antifungal agent having a high affinity for keratin, wherein the penetration into the stratum corneum of said antifungal agent is enhanced and the retentivity thereof is improved, which comprises incorporating one or more oily liquid substances selected from the group consisting of methyl salicylate, glycol salicylate, crotamiton, and peppermint oil or menthol.
Dead-End 1 (DND1) is an RNA-binding protein (RBP) with regulatory functions in multiple cancers, including gastric and colorectal. Nevertheless, the role that DND1 plays in prostatic cancer (PCa) as well as the hidden molecular mechanism is still obscure. The gene expression of DND1 and survival analyses in PCa were analyzed by the UALCAN database. Expression of DND1 and chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and EDU staining were employed for the estimation of cell viability. The capabilities of cells to migrate and invade were appraised by the wound healing assay as well as the Transwell assay, while epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was measured by immunofluorescence and western blot assay. The interaction of DND1 and CLIC4 was predicted by PCTA, linkedomics, and RPISeq databases. It was discovered that DND1 expression was elevated in PCa cells. DND1 silencing had suppressive impacts on the proliferative, migrative, and invasive capabilities as well as EMT in DU145 and 22Rv1 cells. Mechanistically, bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that DND1 was negatively correlated with CLIC4 and that DND1 protein could bind to CLIC4 mRNA. Additionally, the CLIC4 level was reduced in PCa cells. CLIC4 depletion countervailed the suppressive impacts of DND1 deficiency on the capabilities of DU145 and 22Rv1 cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade as well as the process of EMT. These results suggested that DND1 silencing repressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in PCa by regulating the mRNA level of CLIC4.
Patients will receive up to 11 intramuscular (i.m.) vaccinations of VB10.16, for up to 48 weeks from first vaccination. Patients will receive 5 vaccinations of 3 mg VB10.16 during the first 12 weeks, followed by vaccination every 6 weeks for up to 48 weeks from first immunisation (total of 11 vaccinations). Patients will receive up to 17 infusions of atezolizumab for up to 48 weeks from first treatment. Atezolizumab (1200 mg) will be administered as an intravenous (i.v.) infusion every 3 weeks. A follow-up period of up to 12 months will follow the 48 week treatment period.

Response to the VB10.16 and atezolizumab combination will be assessed by computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at every 9 weeks throughout the treatment period according to the RECIST 1.1 criteria.
Primer compositions for anti-cancer agent delivery to solid tumors in mammals, including man, are disclosed. The primer comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable agent which increases the intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the normal connective tissue cells within solid tumors. Such an agent may be selected from any agents which increase the intracellular levels of cAMP, e.g. agents binding to and stimulating receptors at the connective tissue cell surface within tumors, and agents inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterase. Local administration of the primer to the solid tumor area results in a lowering of the interstitial pressure. Further, an agent delivery system and a method for delivery of anti-cancer agents to solid tumors are described.
The invention provides a spleen-strengthening digestion-promoting composition, a preparation method and application thereof, and particularly relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines. The spleen-strengthening and digestion-promoting composition provided by the invention comprises hawthorn, malt, dried orange peel, poria cocos, tsaoko cardamon seed, coix seed and Chinese date. Further, the spleen-invigorating and digestion-promoting composition comprises, by weight, 1-20 parts of hawthorn, 2-30 parts of malt, 3-10 parts of dried orange peel, 4-30 parts of poria cocos, 1-8 parts of semen cassiae, 2-20 parts of coix seed and 2-16 parts of jujube. The spleen-strengthening digestion-promoting composition provided by the invention takes malt as a monarch, hawthorn and poria cocos as ministers, and fried grass nuts, coix seeds and jujube as assistants, so that the spleen-strengthening digestion-promoting composition has the effects of tonifying middle-jiao qi, strengthening spleen, eliminating dampness, increasing gastric motility and promoting absorption. Dried orange peel is used as a guide to each of the medicines. The medicines are combined to play the roles of tonifying middle-jiao and Qi, strengthening spleen and promoting digestion.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare an antiinflammatory agent, comprising a solvent extract of Mallotus japonicus Muell. Arg., capable of suppressing an edema, having excellent antiinflammatory effects, effective against skin roughening, etc., excellent in safety for skin and useful as an active ingredient of a medicine (a quasi- drug) or a cosmetic. SOLUTION: This antiinflammatory agent comprises a solvent extract of Mallotus japonicus Muell. Arg. prepared by extracting a bark of the Mallotus japonicus Muell. Arg. [concretely a dried bark of the Mallotus japonicus Muell. Arg. of the family Euphorbiaceael with water or a hydrophilic organic solvent, e.g. ethanol, methanol, acetone, glycerol, 1,3-butylene glycol or propylene glycol. The antiiinflammatory agent is prepared as a dosage form such as a lotion, a cream, a milky lotion or a pack by adding a liquid oil, e.g. squalane, a solid oil, e.g. beeswax or various surfactants, a humectant, etc., thereto.
Aryl ethers of N-alkyl-piperdines having the formula ##STR1## wherein R 1  represents hydrogen, halogen including F, Cl and Br, a lower alkanoyl group (e.g. alkanoyl of up to five carbon atoms), an alkenyl group (having three to five carbon atoms) or phenoxy, R 2  represents hydrogen, halogen including F, Cl and Br, --CN group, a lower alkoxy group (e.g. alkoxy of up to five carbon atoms), a lower alkanoyl group (e.g. alkanoyl of up to five carbon atoms), an alkenyloxy or alkynyloxy group (having three to five carbon atoms) or a lower alkoxycarbonyl group (e.g. alkoxycarbonyl of up to five carbon atoms), R 3  and R 4  independently represent hydrogen, halogen including F, Cl and Br, a --CF 3  group, a lower alkyl group (e.g. alkyl of up to five carbon atoms) or a lower alkoxy group (e.g. alkoxy of up to five carbon atoms), R 5  represents hydrogen or an acyl group with 2-19 carbon atoms and n=3 or 4, and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts. Pharmaceutical compositions containing said substances. Said substances are active in the central nervous system.
The detrimental effects of sleep loss on overall decision-making have been well described. Due to the complex nature of decisions, there remains a need for studies to identify specific mechanisms of decision-making vulnerable to sleep loss. Bayesian perspectives of decision-making posit judgement formation during decision-making occurs via a process of integrating knowledge gleaned from past experiences (priors) with new information from current observations (likelihoods). We investigated the effects of sleep loss on the ability to integrate multiple sources of information during decision-making by reporting results from two experiments: the first implementing both sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD) protocols, and the second implementing an SR protocol. In both experiments, participants were administered the Bayes Decisions Task on which optimal performance requires the integration of Bayesian prior and likelihood information. Participants in Experiment 1 showed reduced reliance on both information sources after SR, while no significant change was observed after TSD. Participants in Experiment 2 showed reduced reliance on likelihood after SR, especially during morning testing sessions. No accuracy-related impairments resulting from SR and TSD were observed in both experiments. Our findings show SR affects decision-making through altering the way individuals integrate available sources of information. Additionally, the ability to integrate information during SR may be influenced by time of day. Broadly, our findings carry implications for working professionals who are required to make high-stakes decisions on the job, yet consistently receive insufficient sleep due to work schedule demands.