anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: Tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF) are a rare complication that can occur in patients with radioactive iodine refractory metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) following treatment with radiotherapy (RT) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI).
METHODS: We describe the case of a TEF development in a 69-year-old male who underwent targeted therapy TKIs and adjuvant RT for radioactive iodine refractory FTC.
RESULTS: In the case, staging investigations revealed a metastatic, poorly differentiated FTC refractory to radioactive iodine. After 2 years of disease control on Lenvatinib, the patient's condition progressed, necessitating a switch to Cabozantinib. Soon after, they presented with haemoptysis secondary to invasion of the primary thyroid tumour into the trachea. Radical radiotherapy (45 Gy/30 fractions) was also administered to the thyroid gland, ultimately complicated by radiation necrosis. Four months post-completion of RT and recommencing TKI, the patient presented with haemoptysis and hoarseness secondary to recurrent laryngeal nerve compression and tracheal invasion, as well as dysphagia secondary to oesophageal compression. Following an acute presentation with intractable throat pain, investigations revealed a TEF. Surgical and endoscopic management was deemed inappropriate given the patient's rapid deterioration and anatomical position of the TEF, and therefore a palliative approach was taken.
CONCLUSION: This case report highlights a rare cause of TEF development in a patient having TKI therapy post-RT for advanced FTC. It highlights the importance of monitoring TEF development in this cohort of patients. It demonstrates the importance of patient counselling and education regarding treatment options and the rare side effects of treatments.
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some studies have reported a decrease in CVD in patients with RA using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Most of these have had fewer participants and have analyzed only composite outcomes. We aimed to identify the association between the use of HCQ in patients with RA and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), cerebral infarction, and AMI.
METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study using the TriNetX Diamond Network. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to equilibrate the cohorts. The dependent variables in our study were MACE, cerebral infarction, and AMI.
RESULTS: A total of 2,261,643 patients with RA were identified. Approximately 6% had been prescribed HCQ. Of those prescribed HCQ, 80% (112,743) were females, while of those not prescribed HCQ, 72.5% (1,536,937) were females. HCQ was associated with lower rates of MACE (HR 0.827, 95%CI 0.8,0.86), cerebral infarction (HR 0.824, 95% CI 0.78,0.87), and AMI (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.85,0.96). These associations were not seen in patients taking biologics. HCQ was associated with lower MACE in all other subgroups.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, HCQ was slightly beneficial in decreasing MACE and cerebral infarction in patients with RA. These associations were significantly lower in patients taking methotrexate or biologics. Although there was a significant decrease in the risk of AMI in all patients with RA, these results were not replicated in subgroup analyses, and there was an apparent increased risk of AMI with the use of HCQ in patients using biologics.
Patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) have (a) an illness that began as a primary infection with EBV or markedly elevated titers of antibodies to EBV, (b) histological evidence of organ disease, and (c) elevated EBV DNA levels in the blood or EBV DNA or proteins in affected tissues. This is primarily a disease of children and young adults. Many of these patients develop hypogammaglobulinemia or pancytopenia and death is frequently due to opportunistic infections or B or T cell lymphoproliferative disease. The primary goal of this study is to identify genetic mutations responsible for CAEBV. The secondary goal of this study is to learn more about the natural history of CAEBV. Blood samples or available tissues (e.g. previous biopsy or autopsy material) from patients with CAEBV and their relatives will be analyzed to identify disease genes that are mutated in this population. In addition, some of the patients will be invited to come for evaluation at the NIH Clinical Center. At that time medically indicated studies of disease progression will be performed. Serial virologic and immunologic studies will be performed. Eligible relatives of patients will be studied to compare the gene(s) associated with CAEBV in patients with the gene(s) in their relatives. Knowledge gained from this study has the potential of providing insights into the immunologic control of EBV infections. In addition, identification of the molecular mechanisms for CAEBV may provide insights leading to improved treatments for this disease.
FIELD: organic chemistry, pharmacology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to novel compounds of the general formula (I)   wherein a bond designated by dotted line can be a single bong, double bond or absent; if this bond is absent then nitrogen atom is substituted with hydrogen atom and R 2 ; X represents SO 2  or C=O, or CH 2 ; Y represents   or  ; oxygen atom; values R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8  are given in the claim materials. These compounds are useful as positive modulators of AMPA- receptors that will allow their using in therapy. Invention describes also pharmaceutical composition based on the claimed compounds. EFFECT: valuable properties of compounds. 26 cl, 17 dwg, 2 tbl, 129 ex
The invention relates to a medicament for treating women dysmenorrhea, which belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicines. The medicament for treating women dysmenorrhea is prepared according to the conventional method comprising the following steps of: mixing 9g of motherwort herb, 9g of white paeony root, 17g of szechuan lovage rhizome, 25g of suberect spatholobus stem, 9g of Chinese angelica, 3g of peach kernel, 9g of cassia bark and 15g of hymenodictyon excelsum (Roxb.) wall; smashing with a smashing machine; and sieving with a machine, and grinding to obtain powder. The medicament is taken from the first day of a menstrual period for three times every day by 14g every time; and a treatment course generally comprises 1-5 treatment courses, each treatment course consists of 6 days. Chinese medicinal herbs used in the medicament are bought in the market. The medicament for treating women dysmenorrhea has the advantages of good curative effect, no toxic or side effect and convenience for taking. As proved by taking by thousands of people, the curative rate of the medicament is over 95 percent.
PCT No. PCT/EP91/01428 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 2, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 2, 1992 PCT Filed Jul. 30, 1991 PCT Pub. No. WO92/02539 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 20, 1992.A bFGF is prepared by: (i) forming an adduct between heparin or heparan sulphate and a bFGF which has the 9-10 Leu-Pro bond; (ii) treating the adduct with pepsin A or cathepsin D, thereby cleaving the said bond; and (iii) releasing from the adduct the bFGF thus obtained. This process may be applied to prepare the 146 amino acid form of bFGF from longer forms of bFGF. It may also be used to produce a single form of bFGF from a mixture of bFGFs whose amino acid sequences differ only by having different N-terminii.
The compounds of formula (I), wherein R1? is alkyl or trifluoromethyl, R2?, R3? and R4? independently are hydrogen or a carboxy-protecting group and R5? is hydrogen or alanyl optionally protected at the amino moiety thereof, with the proviso that when R2?, R3? and R4? simultaneously are hydrogen, then R5? is hydrogen, in free form or as appropriate in salt form, possess pharmacological activity. In particular they modulate unspecific antimicrobial resistance and possess particularly low pyrogenicity. They are indicated for use as immunomodulators and antiviral and anti-tumor agents. They can be prepared by reaction with a glyoxylic acid derivative or reaction with an alanyl derivative, where appropriate followed by deprotection.
All subjects in this cohort will receive active drug, G1T28-1. Dose of G1T28-1 will be determined based on the safety and PK data from previous cohorts. G1T28-1 will be administered in 50mL of 5% dextrose by IV infusion. Subjects in this cohort will be selected for the Ex-Vivo Stimulation group and will have a one time bone marrow aspirate at one of the following time points: pre dose, 12 or 24 hours post dose.
Erectile dysfunction is a common problem and the incidence increases with age. Penile prosthesis placement for medication refractory erectile dysfunction is well established with high success rates. However, infection remains a dreaded complication with significant patient morbidity requiring device explant. Device innovations such as antibiotic coating and adaptations in technique have led to device infection rate reduction to \~1-3% in the hands of high volume implanters in modern series. The study team will perform a non-inferiority trial of post-operative antibiotic prophylaxis for IPP procedures with InhibiZonetm coated AMS 700 devices to confirm the hypothesis that a prolonged postoperative antibiotic regimen does not influence infection-related outcomes in de-novo IPP placement. The study team will determine potential risk factors for prosthetic infections and which patients would benefit from an extended post-operative oral antibiotic course of 6 days along with other objectives.
BACKGROUND: This study investigated the expression and role of Synaptosome associated protein 25 (SNAP25) in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (HGNEC).
METHODS: We used differentially expressed analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key genes and modules in HGNEC. KEGG and GO analyses helped understand these genes' roles, and ROC curves assessed their diagnostic value. We also studied SNAP25's relation to immune infiltration and confirmed findings with in vitro and vivo experiments and datasets.
RESULTS: WGCNA identified 595 key genes related to pathways like MAPK signaling, GABAergic synapse, and cancer-related transcriptional misregulation. Top genes included SNAP25, MYC, NRXN1, GAD2, and SYT1. SNAP25 was notably associated with M2 macrophage infiltration. Dataset GSE40275 confirmed SNAP25's high expression and poor prognosis in HGNEC. qRT-PCR and WB analyses showed increased SNAP25 and c-MYC levels in HGNEC, promoting MEK/ERK pathway activity. Reducing SNAP25 decreased H1299 cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and levels of c-MYC, MEK, and ERK. Finally, in vivo experiments further confirmed that SNAP25 knockout can inhibit tumor growth.
CONCLUSION: SNAP25 regulates c-MYC activation by stimulating the MEK/ERK pathway, ultimately influencing the development of HGNEC.
A method to treat post-illness wasting phenomenon in animals. The method first forms an ingestible composition which includes Glutamine, Taurine, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Zinc. That ingestible composition is administered orally to the animal daily. In certain embodiments, the ingestible composition further includes Brewers Yeast. In certain embodiments, the ingestible composition further includes whey protein. In certain embodiments, the composition further includes an amino acid component comprising Alanine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, and Valine. In certain embodiments, the amino acid component further includes Arginine, Cystine/Cystine, Glycine, Histidine, Methionine, Proline, and Tyrosine.
Autophagy is a ubiquitous process through which damaged cytoplasmic structures are recycled and degraded within cells. Aging can affect autophagy regulation in different steps leading to the accumulation of damaged organelles and proteins, which can contribute to cell dysfunction and death. Motor neuron (MN) loss and sarcopenia are prominent features of neuromuscular aging. Previous studies on phrenic MNs showed increased levels of the autophagy proteins LC3 and p62 in 24 month compared to 6 month old mice, consistent with the onset of diaphragm muscle sarcopenia. In the present study, we hypothesized that aging leads to increased expression of the autophagy markers LC3 and p62 in single lumbar MNs. Expression of LC3 and p62 in lumbar MNs (spinal levels L1-L6) was assessed using immunofluorescence and confocal imaging of male and female mice at 6, 18 and 24 months of age, reflecting 100 %, 90 % and 75 % survival, respectively. A mixed linear model with animal as a random effect was used to compare relative LC3 and p62 expression in choline acetyl transferase-positive MNs across age groups. Expression of LC3 and p62 decreased in the white matter of the lumbar spinal cord with aging, with ~29 % decrease in LC3 and ~ 7 % decrease in p62 expression at 24 months of age compared to 6 months of age. There was no change in LC3 or p62 expression in the gray matter with age. LC3 expression in MNs relative to white matter increased significantly with age, with 150 % increase at 24 months of age compared to 6 months of age. Similarly, p62 expression in MNs relative to white matter increased significantly with age, with ~14 % increase at 24 months of age compared to 6 months of age. No effect of sex or MN pool was observed in LC3 and p62 expression in MNs. Overall, these data suggest autophagy impairment during elongation (increased LC3) and degradation (increased p62) phases with aging in lumbar MNs.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The role of inotropes has evolved with its use now expanding over multiple indications including cardiogenic shock, low cardiac output states, bridging therapy to transplant or mechanical support, and palliative care. There remains no consensus as to the recommended inotrope for the failing heart. We aim to provide an overview of the recent literature related to inotrope therapy and its application in patients with advanced heart failure and hemodynamic compromise.
RECENT FINDINGS: In this review, we outline various clinical scenarios that warrant the use of inotrope therapy and the associated recommendations. There remains no mortality benefit with inotrope use. Per American Heart Association recommendations, the choice of the inotropic agent should be guided by parameters such as blood pressure, concurrent arrhythmias, and availability of the medication. Outcome variability remains a heightened concern with inpatient inotropic use in both hemodynamically stable and unstable patients. Finally, inotropic use in palliative care continues to be a recommendation for symptom control and improvement in functional status when the appropriate social support is present for the patient.
SUMMARY: In summary, the ideal inotropic agent remains at the discretion of the clinical provider. Different clinical scenarios may favor one agent over another based on the type of cardiogenic shock and mechanism of action of the inotrope. A future shift towards characterizing inotrope use based on subgroup cardiogenic shock profiles may be seen, however further studies are needed to better understand these phenotypes. Inotrope therapy remains a keystone to bridging to advanced therapies and palliative care.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a solid cosmetic exclusively used with water, capable of providing a natural finish having suitable luster and transparency, and excellent in makeup lasting quality by formulating a specific film-forming agent with a hydrophilic surfactant. SOLUTION: This cosmetic is obtained by formulating 0.1-2.0 wt.% hydrophilic surfactant having >=7 HLB, and 0.05-10.0 wt.% powdery hydrophilic film-forming agent. The hydrophilic film-forming agent formulated in the cosmetic as a powdery shape is dissolved with water penetrated into a puff and forms a transparent thin film comprising a hydrophilic film on the cosmetic after evaporation of the water. A uniform luster is provided by the film, and thereby a finish having high transparency by making the use of the bare skin. The hydrophilic surfactant having >=7 HLB is exemplified by a higher alkyl sulfate salt. The hydrophilic film-forming agent is exemplified by a polyvinyl alcohol.
Patients will be assigned to consecutive PRTX-100 interventions as they are enrolled into the study. Between two and six patients will be enrolled per intervention level. Intervention levels range from one (1) to twenty four (24) micrograms of PRTX-100 per kilogram of patient weight. Patients may receive up to four weekly infusions of PRTX-100 over the study treatment period. PRTX-100 doses ≤ 500 μg will be infused intravenously over 30 minutes. PRTX-100 doses \> 500 μg will be infused over 60 minutes. Patients will remain under observation for 4 hours after completion of PRTX-100 dosing for safety management.
PURPOSE: A verterinary composition using beta-NGF(nerve growth factor) is provided to suppress sensory nerve and to treat various diseases. CONSTITUTION: A canine beta-NGF(nerve growth factor) has a base sequence of sequence number 1. A verterinary composition for treating canine nerve injury-associated diseases contains a gene delivery system containing the beta-NGF gene as an active ingredient. The gene delivery system is CMV(cytomegalovirus). The composition is formulated in intrathecal administration. The nerve injury-associated diseases are neurodegenerative diseases or neuropathy.
The objective of this study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of the combination of isobavachalcone (IBC) and doxorubicin (DOX) on the progression of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Cell viability of 8505C and CAL62 cells was observed by CCK-8 assay. Kits were used to detect the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and cellular iron. Protein expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was detected using western blot, and CD31 was detected through immunofluorescence. Tumor xenograft models of 8505C cells were constructed to observe the effect of IBC and DOX on ATC growth in vivo. The co-administration of IBC and DOX exhibited a synergistic effect of suppressing the growth of 8505C and CAL62 cells. The concurrent use of IBC and DOX resulted in elevated iron, ROS, and MDA levels, while reducing GSH levels and protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4. However, the Fer-1 ferroptosis inhibitor effectively counteracted this effect. In vitro and in vivo, the inhibitory effect on ATC cell proliferation and tumor growth was significantly enhanced by the combination of IBC and DOX. The combination of IBC and DOX can inhibit the growth of ATC by activating ferroptosis, and might prove to be a potent chemotherapy protocol for addressing ATC.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a therapeutic agent for arthralgia for external use that is not sticky and excellent in analgesic effects and heating effects (persistency).  <P>SOLUTION: The therapeutic agent for arthralgia for external use comprises a non-steroid antiinflammatory agent and, incorporated therewith, nonanoic acids, a cool feeling-imparting component, powders, a thickening agent and a polyhydric alcohol, where the amount of the powders is 0.3-1.2 pts.wt. based on 1 pt.wt. of the polyhydric alcohol. The therapeutic agent for arthralgia for external use exhibits, in particular, both inflammation-soothing effects and blood circulation-facilitating effects, improves metabolism in an affected part and promises to exhibit tissue-restoring effects.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Participants received preladenant-matching placebo as a single oral dose twice daily for 12 weeks. Participants could then enroll in an extention trial or return for a follow-up visit two (2) weeks later.
1. Sedative. Sedation is obtainable within an hour, and in adequate dosage, the duration of action is more than six hours. Included in the more common conditions in which the sedative action of this class of drugs is desired are anxiety-tension states, hyperthyroidism, essential hypertension, nausea and vomiting of functional origin, motion sickness, acute labyrinthitis, pylorospasm in infants, chorea and cardiac failure. Phenobarbital is also a useful adjunct in treatment of hemorrhage from the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract. Phenobarbital controls anxiety, decreases muscular activity and lessens nervous excitability in hyperthyroid patients. However, thyrotoxic individuals occasionally react poorly to barbiturates.
  2. Hypnotic, for the short-term treatment of insomnia, since it appears to lose its effectiveness for sleep induction and sleep maintenance after 2 weeks (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). 
  3. Preanesthetic.
  4. Long-term anticonvulsant, (phenobarbital, mephobarbital and metharbital) for the treatment of generalized tonic-clonic and cortical focal seizures. And, in the emergency control of certain acute convulsive episodes, e.g., those associated with status epilepticus, cholera, eclampsia, cerebral hemorrhage, meningitis, tetanus, and toxic reactions to strychnine or local anesthetics. Phenobarbital sodium may be administered intramuscularly or intravenously as an anticonvulsant for emergency use. When administered intravenously, it may require 15 or more minutes before reaching peak concentrations in the brain. Therefore, injecting phenobarbital sodium until the convulsions stop may cause the brain level to exceed that required to control the convulsions and lead to severe barbiturate-induced depression.
  5. Phenobarbital is indicated in pediatric patients as an anticonvulsant and as a sedative, including its preoperative and postoperative use.
The goal of the first study will be to generate hypothesis regarding the long-term effects of statin in muscles by studying 7T MRS findings in patients who are currently experiencing statin-related muscle complaints or who have a history of severe reactions to statins (i.e. rhabdomyolysis, anti-HMGCR-associated autoimmune myopathy, or CK elevation \> 10 times the upper limit of normal). We anticipate enrolling roughly 5 such patients. The protocol involves a single visit for a blood draw and MRS of calf muscle. The data will be compared to historical controls provided by the Advanced Imaging Research Center.

Second, we will study the effect of short-term statin administration in 5 patients with a history of statin related muscle complaints and 5 controls with no statin related muscle complaints . Controls will be matched for age, weight, and body mass index. Patients will undergo a wash-out of lipid lowering drugs followed by a challenge with simvastatin 40 mg daily (similar to a statin withdrawal and rechallenge). We chose simvastatin since it is the most common statin that caused myopathy according to our preliminary data (as well as most other published reports). Each patient will have 5 visits. The screening visit will involve a review of inclusion/exclusion criteria, blood draw, questionnaire, and instructions to withhold all lipid lowering drugs until visit 1. Any patient with known antibodies to HMGCR will be excluded from the remainder of the study.

Visit 1 will occur 2 weeks after stopping all lipid lowering drugs. A minimum 2 week period off lipid lowering drugs is required to allow clearance of any medication from the systemic circulation. Patients will undergo MRS of the calf muscle and a blood draw. Patients will then start simvastatin 40 mg daily.
Includes participants with BRAFwt. All participants will receive either eight 2-week cycles of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/ leucovorin calcium (LV) and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in combination with bevacizumab, or six 2-week cycles of FOLFOX in combination with bevacizumab, followed by two 2-week cycles of 5-FU/LV with bevacizumab.