anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Patients with Parkinson's disease treated with Stalevo or other carbidopa/levodopa products have reported suddenly falling asleep without prior warning of sleepiness while engaged in activities of daily living (including the operation of motor vehicles). Some of these episodes resulted in accidents. Although many of these patients reported somnolence while taking entacapone, some did not perceive warning signs, such as excessive drowsiness, and believed that they were alert immediately prior to the event. Some of these events have been reported to occur up to one year after initiation of treatment.

Somnolence was reported in 2% of patients taking entacapone and 0% in placebo in controlled trials. It is reported that falling asleep while engaged in activities of daily living always occurs in a setting of pre-existing somnolence, although patients may not give such a history. For this reason, prescribers should reassess patients for drowsiness or sleepiness especially since some of the events occur well after the start of treatment. Prescribers should also be aware that patients may not acknowledge drowsiness or sleepiness until directly questioned about drowsiness or sleepiness during specific activities. Patients who have already experienced somnolence and/or an episode of sudden sleep onset should not participate in these activities during treatment with Stalevo.

Before initiating treatment with Stalevo, advise patients of the potential to develop drowsiness and specifically ask about factors that may increase this risk such as use of concomitant sedating medications and the presence of sleep disorders. If a patient develops daytime sleepiness or episodes of falling asleep during activities that require active participation (e.g., conversations, eating, etc.), Stalevo should ordinarily be discontinued [see Dosage and Administration (2.5) and Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]. If the decision is made to continue Stalevo, patients should be advised not to drive and to avoid other potentially dangerous activities. There is insufficient information to establish whether dose reduction will eliminate episodes of falling asleep while engaged in activities of daily living.
New medicaments for combating arthroses contain cysteine as active ingredient, and are in the form of a sterile aqueous soln. for intra-articular injection. Cysteine inhibits the activity of collagenase and thus prevents degradation of collagen fibres in joint cartilage. When administered by intra-articular injection, cysteine can considerably retard the advance of arthrosis. The antiarthritic activity of cysteine was determined in hens in which arthrosis had been induced by intra-articular injection of 0.25mg monoiodoacetate in the left knee joint. Test prepn. (cysteine in 0.1ml 0.9% saline) was administered by intra-articular injection on day 2. X-rays of the joint were taken at the beginning of the study and after 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 weeks, and the width of the gap in the joint was measured. In control animals treated with saline only, the width of the gap had decreased by ca 50% after 14 weeks. In animals treated with 0.01 mg cysteine, the width of the gap had decreased by ca 35% after 14 weeks, and in animals treated with 0.1 mg cysteine the decrease was only ca 17%.
The microsomal enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD-1) is required for conversion of cortisone to its active metabolite, cortisol, in hepatic and adipose tissue. GH and somatropin inhibit 11βHSD-1. Consequently, individuals with untreated GH deficiency have relative increases in 11βHSD-1 and serum cortisol. Introduction of somatropin treatment may result in inhibition of 11βHSD-1 and reduced serum cortisol concentrations. As a consequence, previously undiagnosed central (secondary) hypoadrenalism may be unmasked and glucocorticoid replacement may be required in patients treated with somatropin. In addition, patients treated with glucocorticoid replacement for previously diagnosed hypoadrenalism may require an increase in their maintenance or stress doses following initiation of somatropin treatment; this may be especially true for patients treated with cortisone acetate and prednisone since conversion of these drugs to their biologically active metabolites is dependent on the activity of 11βHSD-1 [see Warnings and Precautions(5.8)].
Brain trauma (traumatic brain injury, TBI) is one of the most common acute and severe diseases in neurosurgery. It has the characteristics of high disability rate and high mortality rate, and has become a major global medical and public health problem. Disorder of consciousness (Disorder of consciousness, DOC) is one of the most common clinical manifestations in the early stage of severe TBI patients with coma. Long-term DOC is the main manifestation of poor prognosis and can cause disability or death. Up to 43% of patients diagnosed with vegetative patients were reclassified as minimal consciousness. How to realize the accurate assessment of DOC population consciousness state, strengthen the early identification and functional assessment of people with severe TBI, and establish the whole-process rehabilitation system and management strategy for severe neurological diseases are the main clinical concerns. This project for the existing examination means of super early neurological consciousness level recognition and function assessment accuracy of poor technical bottleneck, different period individual target brain space positioning difficulties and single rehabilitation technology of whole cycle rehabilitation system, with severe TBI patients as the research object.

The specific research was mainly conducted from the following three aspects: (1) the relationship between EEG qualitative power spectrum typing, quantitative power spectrum index and behavioral scale, and the assessment of early awareness recovery in DOC patients; (2) the auxiliary scheme for ICU based on near-infrared light therapy; (3) the light-magnetic combined neuroregulation strategy for subacute patients based on precise positioning of fMRI in the resting state.
Combination of computer-presented brain exercises with a physical education curriculum designed to enhance sustained attention, inhibitory control and other executive capacities. Groups of 10 students incorporating the Good Behavior Game. Two-hour sessions four days a week: classroom with computers (45-60 mins) plus sports activities in the gymnasium (45-60 mins) extending over a total 15 weeks (60 sessions).
Participants in Cohorts 1 and 2 will receive one GSK1265744 tablet orally every day from study entry through Week 4. They will then receive an injection of GSK1265744-at Weeks 5, 17, and 29 for participants in Cohort 1 and at Weeks 5, 9, 17, 25, and 33 for participants in Cohort 2.
Each patient will go on a treatment with 10 sections, and each section is 15 or 30 minutes depends on patient's ability. It is carried out by the bedside therapist. The treatment plan and treatment method are set according to the individual's movement needs, and the individual's movement instructions are clearly given during treatment.
The invention relates to the use of a novel antiviral agent for combined therapy of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). The agent comprises, in a therapeutically effective quantity and ratio, aprotinin (APR) or a medicinal preparation based thereon and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 replication. The medicinal preparation based on aprotinin is preferably selected from a group consisting of Aprotex, Vero-Narkap, Inhitril, Contrykal, Contricel, Trasylol®, Inhiprol, Aprotimbin, Gordox®, Contriven, Traskolan, or Aerus. Favipiravir (FVP) or Remdesivir (RMD), or a medicinal preparation based thereon, can be used as the SARS-CoV-2 replication inhibitor. The medicinal preparation based on favipiravir is preferably selected from a group consisting of Avigan, Favilavir, Avifavir, Coronavir or Fabiflu. The use of the novel anti-coronavirus agent results in a novel and synergistic effect and makes it possible to significantly shorten the time of treatment and decrease the risk of adverse side effects.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide new antigenic elements usable as vaccines for preventing, controlling the diseases of Streptococcus pneumoniae.  <P>SOLUTION: New protein antigens secreted/exported from Streptococcus pneumoniae are disclosed, together with nucleic acid sequences encoding them. Their use in vaccines and in screening methods is also described. Antibodies against the new protein antigens are provided for preventing and treating diseases. The antibodies can be applied to the examination of the diseases.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
FIELD: medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to spasmolytic agent in tabletted form. Agent comprises analgin, pitophenone hydrochloride, fenpiverinium bromide as active substances and accessory additions: polyvinylpyrrolidone, potato starch, sodium hydrocarbonate, talc, lactose, magnesium stearate and calcium stearate taken if necessary in the definite ratio of components. Invention provides enhancement of bioavailability by fullness and rate of absorption, agent shows low toxicity and elicits analgetic and antipyretic activity. EFFECT: valuable medicinal properties of tablets. 9 tbl, 5 dwg
OBJECTIVE: Internet search engines and social media websites are prominent and growing sources of dietary information for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their healthcare providers. However, nutrition therapy for CKD is undergoing a paradigm shift, which may lead to inconsistent advice for managing hyperphosphatemia. The aim of this study was to summarize and evaluate online resources for phosphorus-specific nutrition therapy.
DESIGN AND METHODS: Patient-facing resources were collected from Google, Yahoo, and Facebook in June-July 2021. Using nine independent search terms, the first 100 hits were reviewed. Dietary advice for food types, food groups, food subgroups, and individual food items was categorized as "restricted," "recommended," "mixed," and "not mentioned." Information on publication date, source, and author(s), phosphorus bioavailability, and demineralization were also collected.
RESULTS: After removing duplicates, 199 resources from Google and Yahoo and 33 from Facebook were reviewed. Resources ranged from 2005 to 2021 and were primarily authored by registered dietitians and medical doctors (65% and 31%, respectively). Dietary advice mostly focuses on restricting high-phosphorus foods and phosphorus additive-based processed foods. Dietary restrictions were generally consistent with the traditional low-phosphorus diet, which targets whole grains, dairy, and plant-based protein foods, although major inconsistencies were noted. Phosphorus bioavailability and demineralization were rarely mentioned (16% and 8%, respectively). Similar findings were found on Facebook, but the limited number of resources limited meaningful comparisons.
CONCLUSION: Results showed that online resources for phosphorus-specific nutrition therapy are highly restrictive of heart-healthy food items and contain significant inconsistencies. Given the widespread and increasing use of online resources by people with CKD and health care professionals to inform dietary choices, efforts are urgently needed to establish consensus for phosphorus-specific nutrition therapy. Until then, the findings of this study provide a basis for increasing awareness of the potential for confusion arising from online resources.
Study in Healthy Normal Volunteers

Topiramate extended-release capsules taken once a day provides steady state plasma levels comparable to immediate-release topiramate taken every 12 hours, when administered at the same total 200 mg daily dose. In a crossover study, 33 healthy subjects were titrated to a 200 mg dose of either topiramate extended-release capsules or immediate-release topiramate and were maintained at 200 mg per day for 10 days.

The 90% CI for the ratios of AUC 0-24, C maxand C min, as well as partial AUC (the area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to time p (post dose) for multiple time points were within the 80 to 125% bioequivalence limits, indicating no clinically significant difference between the two formulations. In addition, the 90% CI for the ratios of topiramate plasma concentration at each of multiple time points over 24 hours for the two formulations were within the 80 to 125% bioequivalence limits, except for the initial time points before 1.5 hours post-dose. 

Study in Patients with Epilepsy

In a study in epilepsy patients treated with immediate-release topiramate alone or in combination with either enzyme-inducing or neutral AEDs who were switched to an equivalent daily dose of topiramate extended-release capsules, there was a 10% decrease in AUC 0-24, C max, and C minon the first day after the switch in all patients. At steady state, AUC 0-24and C maxwere comparable to immediate-release topiramate in all patients. While patients treated with topiramate extended-release capsules alone or in combination with neutral AEDs showed comparable C minat steady state, patients treated with enzyme-inducers showed a 10% decrease in C min. This difference is likely not clinically significant and probably due to the small number of patients on enzyme-inducers.
Patients receive axitinib PO BID on days 1-14 and anti-OX40 antibody PF-04518600 IV over 60 minutes on day 1 beginning with course 2. Courses repeat every 14 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
PURPOSE:To achieve safe and highly reliable transferring of information between an electrocardiograph and a recorder with the elimination of effect by magnetic leakage by accomplishing a coupling of electrical signals between an electrocardiograph and a recorder by magnetic or electromagnetic coupling. CONSTITUTION:This system is made up of a portable type electrocardiograph body 20 and an dedicated printer 10 as recorder. The dedicated printer 10 reads and outputs electrocardiogram data recorded in a semiconductor memory of the portable type electrocardiograph 20. Here, the portable type electrocardiograph 20 and the dedicated printer 10 are coupled by magnetic coupling or electromagnetic coupling connector 30. In the case of the magnetic coupling or electromagnetic coupling connector, there is no electric contact and the life of the contact is almost permanent. In connection with a human body, the connector is safe with no electric connection. The use of a sheet-shaped coil enables a thinner design.
Supraglottic airway devices (SAD) have been designed for the "cannot intubate, cannot ventilate" scenario in prehospital as well as intrahospital settings and are utilized in medical emergency services and emergency departments all over the world, not only for anticipated and unanticipated difficult airway situations but also as an airway device used by non-anesthesiologists or in situations where only limited practice is possible. Securing an airway in a pediatric emergency situation is crucial. Unfortunately, pediatricians usually lack the required skills and regular practice to perform endotracheal intubation (ETI, which is the gold standard for securing an airway) quickly and safely. SADs would pose a safe and feasible alternative to ETI. However, no studies on this topic are available. The investigators therefore wanted to evaluate three different SADs (Combitube, Easytube, laryngeal mask airway) in simulated difficult airway situations in a pediatric manikin in comparison to ETI.
Patients with chronic renal failure who are being treated with hemodialysis experience pain during invasive intervention with arteriovenous fistula. This condition negatively affects hemodialysis patients and leads to a decrease in their quality of life. In order to reduce the pain and fear experienced during arteriovenous fistula intervention, it is recommended to use pharmacological methods as well as nonpharmacological methods. Antistress ball, which is one of the nonpharmacological methods, reduces pain during arteriovenous fistula intervention by causing distraction in hemodialysis patients, but its effect on fear of pain is not yet known. Of the other nonpharmacological methods, the valsalva maneuver reduces pain during vascular intervention, but the pain and fear of pain during arteriovenous fistula intervention have not yet been investigated. In the same way, the effects of skin cooling device on pain and fear of pain during arteriovenous fistula intervention are unknown. The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to; to determine the effect of the antistress ball, valsalva maneuver and skin cooling device, which are one of the nonpharmacological methods applied to hemodialysis patients, on the level of pain and fear of pain due to arteriovenous fistula cannulation. This study will be conducted in an experimental type and 60 patients receiving hemodialysis treatment at X State Hospital hemodialysis unit will form the sample of the study. All patients in the experimental group will be given nonpharmacological applications (antistress ball, valsalva maneuver and skin cooling application) for 8 weeks, three times a week. The control group will not be given any intervention and will receive routine treatment. The 'Pain Catastrophization Scale' will be applied to the experimental and control groups before, in the middle and after the research. The 'Visual Analog Pain Scale\&#34; will be used to determine the pain severity of hemodialysis patients before and after arteriovenous fistula intervention.
BACKGROUND: This study aims to explore the ideal breast size by assessing the relationship between mastectomy to free flap weight ratio and complications as well as patient-reported outcomes in autologous breast reconstruction (ABR).
METHOD: A retrospective review of patients undergoing bilateral immediate ABR with mastectomy and flap weights available was completed. Patients were divided into three groups based on the ratio of mastectomy to flap weights. The patients were grouped as "maintained" if the flap weight was within 10% of the mastectomy weight. Patients with a weight difference greater than 10% were used to declare "downsized" or "upsized." Outcomes included complications and four domains of the BREAST-Q at 1-year postoperatively.
RESULTS: Three hundred and fifty-nine patients were included in the analysis, of which 112 were downsized, 91 maintained, and 156 upsized, respectively. Presence of complications did not significantly differ among the groups. At 1-year postoperatively, Sexual Well-being significantly differed (p = 0.033). Between preoperative and 1 year, patients who upsized experienced an improvement in Satisfaction with Breasts by 16 points (p < 0.001), while patients who downsized experienced a decline in Physical Well-being of the Chest by 7 points (p = 0.016). Multivariable linear regression model showed that Sexual Well-being was 13 points lower in the downsized cohort than in the maintained cohort (β = -13, 95% confidence interval: -21 to -5.4; p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Although complication rates do not significantly differ between the three cohorts, patients who downsize may have lower Sexual Well-being postoperatively. Surgeons should consider our preliminary findings to counsel patients preoperatively about the predicted breast size and the impact of downsizing on sexual health.
Study 2 (NCT02292537) was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, sham-procedure controlled study in 126 symptomatic children with later-onset SMA (symptom onset after 6 months of age). Patients were randomized 2:1 to either SPINRAZA 12 mg or sham injection as a series of loading doses administered intrathecally followed by maintenance doses administered every 6 months. 

The median age at screening was 3 years (range 2-9 years), and the median age of onset of clinical signs and symptoms of SMA was 11 months (range 6-20 months). Of the 126 patients included in the study, 47% were male, 75% were Caucasian, 2% were Black, and 18% were Asian. Length of treatment ranged from 324 to 482 days (median 450 days). At baseline, patients had a mean Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale – Expanded (HFMSE) score of 21.6, all had achieved independent sitting, and no patients had achieved independent walking. Patients in this study were deemed most likely to develop Type 2 or 3 SMA. 

The primary endpoint assessed was the change from baseline score at Month 15 on the HFMSE. The HFMSE evaluates motor function in patients with SMA who have limited ambulation, comprising of 33 scored activities that give objective information on motor ability and clinical progression, such as the ability to sit unassisted, stand, or walk. Each item is scored from 0-2, with a maximum total score of 66. Higher scores indicate better motor function. The primary analysis was conducted in the Intent to Treat (ITT) population, which included all subjects who were randomized and received at least 1 dose of SPINRAZA or at least one sham procedure. At the final analysis, a statistically significant improvement in HFMSE scores from baseline to Month 15 was observed in the SPINRAZA-treated group compared to the sham-control group (Table 5). 

Figure 3. Mean Change from Baseline in HFMSE Score Over Time in the Intent to Treat Set1, 2(Study 2)

1Data for patients without a Month 15 visit were imputed using the multiple imputation method 

2Error bars denote +/- standard error
Above elbow immobililization with short radial splint that will be performed with 20cm wide gypsum cut to fit the thumb. The splint will be applied to the radial aspect of the wrist covering the volar and dorsal portion of the radius to the elbow. Additional splint with a 15cm width splint on the ulnar aspect of the forearm that begins at the middle of the forearm and extends into the armpit.