anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In the crystallization of insulin from aqueous solution the size of the resulting crystals is controlled by adding a predetermined quantity of insulin seed crystals of a predetermined size. Spontaneous crystallization may be suppressed as far as possible or slight spontaneous crystallization may be allowed.ALSO:A process of crystallizing insulin from an aqueous medium of pH 5 to 7 in the presence of a crystallization-promoting metal e.g. zinc, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, copper, iron, or manganese, comprises seeding the medium with insulin crystals in an amount given by the equation <FORM:0766995/VI/1> where P is the weight in grams of seed crystals used, I is the weight in grams of insulin to be crystallized, and dp and di are the greatest size and the desired upper limit for size in micron of the seed crystals and crystallized insulin respectively. The size of the crystal is defined as the length in micron of the longest diagonal of the crystal.  Crystals of uniform size are obtained by preventing spontaneous crystallization e.g. by addition of a buffer substance the anion of which does not bind the crystallization-promoting metal at neutral reaction, and by the use of seed crystals of mainly the same size.  Suitable buffers are borate, diethylbarbiturate, maleate or acetate buffers. Crystallization may take place in the presence of halogen in ionic form e.g. as the halide of ammonia, alkali or alkaline earth metals, or mixtures thereof, in a concentration above 0.2 mole per litre, as in Specification 733,740 in which case phosphate or citrate buffers may be used.  A basic or acidic solution of insulin which may or may not contain the required content of metals, may be adjusted to the crystallization pH by means of a buffer; the insulin may be precipitated amorphously and subsequently changed into crystalline form by the addition of seed crystals together with the necessary metals, e.g. as an aqueous solution of the metal salt or by the addition of the seed crystals which may themselves exhibit sufficient metal content. The seed crystals may be formed by the process of Specification 766,994 and may be added in the form of an aqueous suspension or in dry freeze dried form.  An injectable insulin preparation may be prepared in conjunction with the process of Specification 709,927.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cosmetic having a good feeling of use during coating, excellent aesthetic properties as the cosmetic and making a bare skin feeling compatible with covering of skin defects.  <P>SOLUTION: The cosmetic comprises fibers. In the cosmetic, the length of the fibers is 1-150 μm. The fibers have a modified cross section. Furthermore, the fibers have a hollow structure and the fibers are prepared by conjugating two or more kinds of polymers. The fibers have unevennesses of several nm to several tens μm on the surface.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Long-term effects of amphetamines in children have not been well established.

Amphetamines are not recommended for use as anorectic agents in children under 12 years of age, or in children under 3 years of age with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity described under INDICATIONS AND USAGE. 

Clinical experience suggests that in psychotic children, administration of amphetamines may exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and thought disorder.

Amphetamines have been reported to exacerbate motor and phonic tics and Tourette's syndrome. Therefore, clinical evaluation for tics and Tourette's syndrome in children and their families should precede use of stimulant medications.

Data is inadequate to determine whether chronic administration of amphetamines may be associated with growth inhibition; therefore, growth should be monitored during treatment. Drug Treatment is not indicated in all cases of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity and should be considered only in light of the complete history and evaluation of the child. The decision to prescribe amphetamines should depend on the physician's assessment of the chronicity and severity of the child's symptoms and their appropriateness for his/her age. The prescription should not depend solely on the presence of one or more of the behavioral characteristics.

When these symptoms are associated with acute stress reactions, treatment with amphetamines is usually not indicated.
Participants in the static stretching group will perform sustained static hamstring stretching for 2 repetitions of 1 minute bouts for the same leg before switching sides using moderate pressure in supine against the wall. Subjects will rest for 15 seconds between repetitions and adjust distance from the wall to perceive moderate intensity.
With the aging of the population, the number of elderly esophageal cancer patients is gradually increasing. For non-metastatic esophageal cancer patients, surgery is the first choice of treatment, but elderly esophageal cancer patients are often unable to tolerate surgical treatment due to more comorbidities and poor physical condition, etc. The results of previous studies have shown that the effect of radiotherapy treatment is also unsatisfactory, and the 5-year survival rate of esophageal cancer patients treated with radiotherapy is only 15-25%, which makes the clinical treatment of elderly patients even more difficult due to their poor physical tolerance. A multicentre randomised phase III clinical trial (NCT02813967) demonstrated that concurrent radiotherapy and S-1 treatment in elderly patients with esophageal cancer was tolerable and provided significant benefit compared with radiotherapy alone. In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has shown some efficacy in the field of cancer treatment by activating the body's own immune system to fight tumors. Therefore, this trial aims to assess efficacy and safety of toripalimab combined with radiotherapy and S-1 followed by adjuvant toripalimab maintenance therapy for older patients with stage II-III esophageal cancer. The primary study endpoints are objective remission rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), duration of remission (DOR) and safety. Secondary study endpoints are overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is a psychiatric diagnosis featured with somatic distress and health anxiety. It is overlapped with functional disorders. Whether it has effective treatment is a clinically important issue. Current evidence indicates that pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are both helpful for SSD. Among other treatment options, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is attached important in psychiatric field; it can cause activation or inhibition of specific brain regions via magnetic stimulation. Previous studies have disclosed that rTMS is helpful for depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-stroke rehabilitation, etc. Regarding functional disorders, fibromyalgia has been found to be benefited from rTMS; the effective approaches include giving high-frequency stimulation on left M1 and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Chronic tinnitus was also found to have response to rTMS. SSD and fibromyalgia are highly overlapped; SSD and depression are often comorbid. Therefore, SSD may also be benefited from left DLPFC high-frequency stimulation. Our previous study revealed that dysfunction of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is associated with persistent interference of the somatic discomforts; stimulation on DLPFC can cause ACC activation. This study program was designed based on the above information. It is a randomized double-blind sham-controlled crossover study; the interventions are high-frequency rTMS stimulation on left DLPFC and sham control. The primary outcomes are somatic distress and health anxiety. There is not study about rTMS on SSD in literature; the investigators expect this study to be able to provide more understanding on this field.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is characterized by gradual neurological deterioration without relapses. This study aimed to investigate the clinical impact of gender and age at disease onset on disease progression and disability accumulation in patients with this disease phenotype.
METHODS: Secondary data from the RelevarEM registry, a longitudinal database in Argentina, were analyzed. The cohort comprised patients with PPMS who met inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis with multilevel Bayesian robust regression modeling was conducted to assess the associations between gender, age at onset, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score trajectories.
RESULTS: We identified 125 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PPMS encompassing a total of 464 observations. We found no significant differences in EDSS scores after 10 years of disease progression between genders (-0.08; credible interval (CI): -0.60, 0.42). A 20-year difference in age at onset did not show significant differences in EDSS score after 10 years of disease progression (0.281; CI: -0.251, 0.814). Finally, we also did not find any clinically relevant difference between gender EDSS score with a difference of 20 years in age at onset (-0.021; CI: -0.371, 0.319).
CONCLUSION: Biological plausibility of gender and age effects does not correlate with clinical impact measured by EDSS score.
A wipe having at least two sides for applying a cleansing material and a drying material to a skin surface. The cleansing material may be applied to a first side of the wipe, and the drying material to a second side of the wipe. The first side of the wipe is used to clean a skin surface by rubbing the wipe across the skin surface. The first side of the wipe removes dirt, grease and other materials from the skin surface. The second side of the wipe removes any dirt, grease or other materials not removed by the first side of the wipe and the cleansing material. The second side of the wipe also leaves a substance having a powdery feel on the skin surface.
Children with NF1 and tibial pseudarthrosis who require surgery will have the INFUSE bone graft added to their surgical protocol. After a standard surgical approach of resection of abnormal pseudarthrotic tissue, placement of a rigid intramedullary rod (of the surgeon's choice) and placement of autogenous bone graft from the iliac crest; in addition, the INFUSE bone graft in the form of a collagen sponge will be wrapped around the tibia during the surgical process.
Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal storage disorder, caused by reduced activity of acid β-glucosidase and mutations in the GBA1 gene. This leads to the accumulation of its normal substrate, glucocerebroside, in tissue macrophages, affecting the hematological, visceral, bone and neurologic systems. The determination of deficient β-glucocerebrosidase activity in leukocytes or fibroblasts by enzymatic assay is the gold standard for the diagnosis of Gaucher disease. Clinically, Gaucher disease is classified into three major forms based upon the absence or presence and rate of progression of neurological manifestations : type 1 (non-neuronopathic), type 2 (acute neuronopathic), and type 3 (subacute neuronopathic). The nGD forms are Gaucher disease type 2 (GD2) and Gaucher disease type 3 (GD3). GD2 is the acute neuronopathic form and has an early onset CNS involvement, typically manifesting in the first 6 months of life and leading to death by age 2 years, although patients may live up to age 4 years or beyond with supportive medical care. GD3, or the chronic neuronopathic form, has a slightly later onset, CNS symptoms typically manifesting months to years after birth, and has a much slower neurological progression than is seen in GD2. GD3 is the predominant form of Gaucher disease. Phenotypically, there is a wide spectrum of visceral and neurological manifestations. Enzyme replacement therapy has been shown to be effective in reducing glucocerebroside storage burden and diminishing the deleterious effects caused by its accumulation. Enzyme replacement is effective in managing the visceral disease; however, treating the neurological manifestations has proved to be more challenging. Currently, there is no agreement on a definition of nGD, other than one by exclusion ("the presence of neurological involvement in a patient with biochemically proven Gaucher disease, for which there is no explanation other than Gaucher disease")
OBJECTIVE: To compare the levels of functional impairments, discomfort and satisfaction experienced by those treated with full-mouth customized lingual appliances (Lingual appliances), full-mouth self-ligating bracket (Labial appliances), or upper lingual and lower labial appliances (Mixed appliances) using questionnaires.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients within one year of the end of treatment were included in the survey and given a questionnaire concerning different kinds of discomfort and difficulties during the treatment process. The questionnaires focused on the following aspects including speech difficulty, pain (lip, cheek or tongue), difficulty in chewing, difficulty in tooth brushing and overall aesthetics and comfortability. Ordinary one-way ANOVA Tukey's multiple comparison tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to analyze the data.
RESULTS: A total of 115 patients participated in the study. In terms of functional impairments and discomfort, the rate and degree of speech difficulty was significantly higher in the Lingual appliances Group than that in the Labial appliances Group. But there was no difference among the three groups for difficulty in chewing and tooth brushing. Both lingual and labial appliances caused a similar level of overall pain, however, those treated with lingual appliances experienced more tongue pain, and those treated with labial appliances experienced more cheek and lip pain. The most common sites of irritation were the tongue lateral and tongue tip in the Lingual appliances Group, tongue lateral and cheek in the Mixed appliances Group, and cheek and lower lip in the Labial appliances Group. In total, patients gave highest scores to mixed appliances for comfortability and lowest scores to labial appliances for aesthetics when it came to satisfaction.
CONCLUSIONS: Lingual and labial appliances caused similar level of overall pain. Taking into account the overall comfortability, aesthetics and cost, the mixed appliances may be suitable for some patients who have aesthetic and comfort pursuits.
Living kidney donors have been regarded as those people having earned the healthiest status level after having undergone scrutiny. Although one's post-donation GFR is expected to fall to 50% of their pre-donation value, it is well documented that there is a compensatory increase in GFR which subsequently reaches approximately 60-70% of the donor's pre-donation value. Data regarding gout/hyperuricemia in living kidney donors has remained scarce until now. This study involved kidney donors enrolled within the years 2000 to 2017, where those who were selected to be matched to those in group of case cohort by age, year of index date, gender and co-morbidity were considered as the control cohort. During the 17-year study period 2,716 participants were enrolled. Results revealed that kidney donors experienced a risk of new onset gout/ hyperuricemia (adjusted HR = 1.73; 95%CI = 1.27, 2.36), and new onset CKD (adjusted HR = 6.7; 95% CI = 4.4, 10.21) were found to be higher in kidney donors. Our findings suggest that people after kidney donation are significantly associated with a higher risk of new onset gout/hyperuricemia. Clinical professionals therefore need to be cautious of new onset gouy/hyperuricemia after donation surgery.
Patients receive oral thalidomide once daily. Patients on a stable dose of thalidomide for at least 4 weeks with evidence of progressive disease receive interferon alfa subcutaneously twice daily. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression after initiation of interferon alfa therapy or unacceptable toxicity.
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder with high morbidity and lifetime mortality. This eating disorder is mainly characterized by restricted food intake despite a severely low body weight. Given the pronounced self-starvation in AN, the investigation of homeostatic food processing, and its interaction with the reward system is of great scientific interest. Previous research in AN patients has almost exclusively focused on cortical, non-homeostatic (e.g., reward related) food processing. Therefore, the primary aim of the present study is to investigate metabolic gut-brain signaling by focusing on the responsivity of the hypothalamus (i.e., the core region of homeostatic control) and the mesocorticolimbic reward system. A secondary aim is to study the interaction between the mesocorticolimbic reward system and the homeostatic (i.e., hypothalamus) system. Metabolic gut-brain signaling will be assessed by applying a single-blind, randomized, crossover design of intragastric infusion of glucose or water. This approach allows the study of gut-brain signaling to the hypothalamus and the reward system by controlling for sensory aspects of food intake (sight, smell, and taste) in AN patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, we will measure how cognitive strategies to control the desire for visual food cues (top-down control) affect the mesocorticolimbic and hypothalamic systems in AN patients differently than in healthy controls. The interaction between the hypothalamus and the mesocorticolimbic reward system will be investigated using an effective connectivity analysis. Functional magnetic resonance imaging with high spatial resolution and with an optimized protocol for the investigation of the hypothalamus and the mesocorticolimbic reward system will be used to study for the first time homeostatic and non-homeostatic food cue processing in AN patients.
The procedure of electroporation (PFA) is a method of atrial fibrillation ablation introduced in Poland in 2022. A biphasic high voltage current (2000 volts) is applied to the electrode placement site. Local coagulation of the site is followed by myocardial scarring and interruption of the pathological conduction pathway of premature electrical impulses in the heart. The patient, once qualified by the cardiologist for the procedure of electroporation ablation (PFA), will undergo a standard anaesthetic qualification process with assessment of basic demographics, comorbid conditions, medications taken, determination on the surgical risk scale.

Participants will be randomized into 2 groups. Group I will consist of patients undergoing general anaesthesia without the muscle relaxant rocuronium. Group II will consist of patients undergoing general anaesthesia with the muscle relaxant rocuronium. A total of 32 patients were initially planned for the study (16 patients in each of the two groups). Before the procedure, the anaesthetist will be given a sealed envelope by a person unrelated to the project (hospital administration staff) with a randomised method of anaesthesia based on simple randomisation. Before the procedure, each patient will have a transthoracic ultrasound of the heart (TTE). The patient will not know which study group he/she has been assigned to. The operator performing the procedure will not be informed about the type of anaesthesia used \[double blind randomisation\].
The present invention provides a method to convert insects or worms into nutrient streams, such as a fat-containing, an aqueous proteinaceous-containing and a solid-containing fraction. The method comprises the steps of: (a) squashing insects or worms thereby obtaining a pulp, (b) subjecting the pulp to enzymatic hydrolysis obtaining thereby a hydrolysed mixture, (c) heating the hydrolysed mixture to a temperature of 70-100° C., and (d) subjecting the mixture to a physical separation step, preferably decanting and/or centrifuging. The fat-containing fraction comprises at least 80 wt. % insect or worm fat of which at least 30 wt. % are saturated fats. The aqueous proteinaceous fraction can be dried to obtain dried proteinaceous material, which contains at least 45 wt. % insect or worm protein-derived matter and at most 25 wt. % insect or worm fat based on dry weight, and has a pepsin digestibility of at least 50%. The resulting nutrient streams can be used in food, feed and pharmaceutical industry.
INTRODUCTION: The harmful effects of first and secondhand smoking are well-established. Smoke-free laws aim at protecting nonsmokers. This study aimed to assess the impact of the 2013 total ban on indoor smoking in Chile on hospitalizations and deaths of major cardiovascular events.
AIMS AND METHODS: The logarithm of the monthly hospitalization and death rates, standardized by age for every 100 000 inhabitants, were estimated for ischemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, strokes, and a composite outcome of ischemic heart diseases (which includes acute myocardial infarction) and strokes. In addition, interrupted time series with synthetic control groups were used to assess changes in levels and trends after the intervention.
RESULTS: The total ban on indoor smoking caused significant reductions in death rates for the three diseases studied for age groups above 20 years old. In addition, there were substantial decreases in the post-intervention hospitalization rates for ischemic heart disease: for the 20-44 age group, the decrease was 8.7% compared to the pre-intervention period (p < .01). In comparison, such a reduction was 4% (p < .01) for the ≥65 age group. For acute myocardial infarction, the decrease was 11.5% (p < .01) for the 20-44 age group, while for stroke, it was a 1.2% (p < .01) decrease for the total population. It is estimated that the smoking ban averted 15.6% of the deaths compared with the synthetic control groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of total smoke-free environments in Chile contributed to the reduction of mortality for main cardiovascular diseases. This study provides additional evidence of causality linking the policy to health outcomes.
IMPLICATIONS: The total indoor smoking ban significantly affected age-standardized hospitalization and deaths. The number of deaths averted by this policy is estimated at approximately 4758 and 5256 for IHD and stroke, respectively, during the 2013-2017 period (15.6% fewer deaths than predicted by the synthetic control groups). The study contributes to the body of evidence that supports total indoor smoking bans.
* Capecitabine tablets USP is indicated as a single agent for adjuvant treatment in patients with Dukes’ C colon cancer who have undergone complete resection of the primary tumor when treatment with fluoropyrimidine therapy alone is preferred. Capecitabine was non-inferior to 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (5-FU/LV) for disease-free survival (DFS). Physicians should consider results of combination chemotherapy trials, which have shown improvement in DFS and OS, when prescribing single-agent capecitabine in the adjuvant treatment of Dukes’ C colon cancer. 
  * Capecitabine tablets USP are indicated as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma when treatment with fluoropyrimidine therapy alone is preferred. Combination chemotherapy has shown a survival benefit compared to 5-FU/LV alone. A survival benefit over 5-FU/LV has not been demonstrated with capecitabine tablets monotherapy. Use of capecitabine tablets USP instead of 5-FU/LV in combinations has not been adequately studied to assure safety or preservation of the survival advantage.