anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVES: I. Determine whether treatment with the oral matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPI) marimastat prolongs overall survival and time to progression in patients with small cell lung cancer who have achieved complete or partial remission after first line chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy. II. Determine the tolerability and toxicity of prolonged administration of marimastat in patients with small cell lung cancer. III. Determine the effect of prolonged administration of marimastat on the quality of life of patients with small cell lung cancer.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized, double blind, multicenter, placebo controlled study. Patients are stratified by stage of disease at diagnosis, response to prior chemotherapy/radiotherapy, type of thoracic radiotherapy, and cooperative group. Patients are randomized into two groups. Half of the patients take marimastat orally twice a day (breakfast and evening meal); the other half take placebo orally twice a day (breakfast and evening meal). Treatment continues for 2 years or until documented disease recurrence or progression and institution of further anticancer treatment, occurrence of unacceptable toxicity, initiation of anticoagulant treatment, or development of intercurrent illness. All patients are followed every 6 months until death.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: The planned sample size is 360, with an equal number of patients in both arms, accrued at a rate of 240 responders per year (resulting in an accrual period of approximately 1.5 years). The total duration of the study is estimated as 2.3 years.
The administration of oral potassium salts to persons with normal excretory mechanisms for potassium rarely causes serious hyperkalemia. However, if excretory mechanisms are impaired, hyperkalemia can result (see Contraindications and Warnings). Hyperkalemia, when detected, must be treated immediately because lethal levels can be reached in a few hours. 

TREATMENT OF HYPERKALEMIA

Should hyperkalemia occur, treatment measures include the following: (1) Elimination of foods or medications containing potassium. (2) The intravenous administration of 300 to 500 mL/hr of dextrose solution (10 to 25%), containing 10 units of insulin/20 gm dextrose. (3) The use of exchange resins, hemodialysis, or peritoneal dialysis. In treating hyperkalemia, it should be recalled that in patients who have been stabilized on digitalis, too rapid a lowering of the plasma potassium concentration can produce digitalis toxicity.
The invention relates to a medicament for preventing and treating rabies and a group of simple medical appliances. The external use poison-removing medicine 1 is prepared by centipede, seaweed, zedoary, nux vomica and arsenic trioxide. The medicine 2 is prepared from centipede and nux vomica, the medicine 3 is prepared from zedoary, peach kernel, pangolin and arsenic, the lower end of the stem in the tube is provided with a cross-shaped knife head, the upper half part of the stem is provided with a spring poking knife for poking the opening for debridement and disinfection, the second part of the apparatus is a cupping, and the inner diameter of the cup is about 1.5 cm. The lower end of the stem in the soft material pot is provided with a piston, the upper surface of the stem is provided with a ring, two sides of the pot body are connected with a movable bracket, and the cupping is used for drawing out poison. The invention is also used for treating venomous snake bite. The medicine is also used in treating HIV infection, AIDS, tumor and other hundreds of common diseases.
Brigatinib tablet or age-appropriate formulation (AAF), orally once daily in 28-day Cycles with reference to adult dose of 90 mg in Week 1 and 180 mg starting in Week 2 based on participant's weight as dose level 1. Participants could receive dose level 2 based on safety and tolerability of dose level 1 in dose escalation phase (Ph).
The specification describes isolated nucleic acid molecules comprising a polynucleotide encoding a cytokine that is similar to TNF and is believed to have similar biological effects and activities. This cytokine is named endokine alpha, and includes endokine alpha polypeptides having at least a portion of the amino acid sequence in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:2) or an amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone deposited in a bacterial host as ATCC Deposit Number 97640 on June 27, 1996. The nucleotide sequence, which was determined by sequencing the deposited endokine alpha cDNA clone, contains an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of about 169 amino acid residues including an N-terminal methionine, an intracellular domain of about 17 amino acid residues, a transmembrane domain of about 26 amino acids, an extracellular domain of about 126 amino acids, and a deduced molecular weight for the complete protein of about 19 kDa. The 126 amino acid sequence of the expected mature endokine alpha protein is shown in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:2) (residues 44 to 169)
This study seeks to determine the ability of a minimally invasive capsule-string device, the EnteroTracker®, to capture biomarkers associated with Barrett's Esophagus (BE) and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC). Identification of biomarkers in samples will support development of this simple-to-use, scalable, method for early screening of EAC, a cancer that accounts for the majority of esophageal cancers in the United States. In this study, the investigators plan to capture esophageal luminal content using the EnteroTracker® from patients with confirmed BE and/or EAC (test group) and healthy adults (control group). Samples will then be analyzed for series of biomarkers associated with BE and/or EAC. The investigators will test the hypothesis that the EnteroTracker® is able to capture biomarkers of interest in subjects with BE and EAC compared to healthy controls. To address this hypothesis, the investigators propose a pilot study with the following two specific aims. Evaluate the ability and tolerability of the EnteroTracker® to capture esophageal mucosal samples in adults with BE and/or EAC as well as controls and determine the ability of the EnteroTracker®-obtained BE/EAC biomarkers to distinguish between BE and/or EAC from control subjects.
Patients receive a high-dose placebo (5.0 mL twice daily) PO BID on days 8-49 (6 weeks). After 6 weeks, patients may cross over to experimental arm - high-dose oxybutynin chloride per physician discretion.
In this study, the mechanisms by which the enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) are inhibited by methotrexate (MTX) were investigated, as well as whether the antioxidant morin can mitigate or prevent these adverse effects in vivo and in silico. For 10 days, rats received oral doses of morin (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight). On the fifth day, a single intraperitoneal injection of MTX (20 mg/kg body weight) was administered to generate toxicity. Decreased activities of G6PD, 6PGD, GR, GST, and TrxR were associated with MTX-related toxicity while morin treatment increased the activity of the enzymes. The docking analysis indicated that H-bonds, pi-pi stacking, and pi-cation interactions were the dominant interactions in these enzyme-binding pockets. Furthermore, the docked poses of morin and MTX against GST were subjected to molecular dynamic simulations for 200 ns, to assess the stability of both complexes and also to predict key amino acid residues in the binding pockets throughout the simulation. The results of this study suggest that morin may be a viable means of alleviating the enzyme activities of important regulatory enzymes against MTX-induced toxicity.
In patients undergoing spinal anesthesia, a suprapubic 3-5 centimeter incision was entered into the abdomen. After both tubes were isolated, bilateral tube ligation was performed by Pomeroy method. After bleeding control was achieved, it was repaired in accordance with the anatomy of the abdomen.
Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque rupture, the leading cause of fatal atherothrombotic events, is associated with an increased risk of mortality worldwide. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) has been shown to modulate vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching, and, hence, atherosclerotic plaque stability. Melatonin reportedly plays a beneficial role in cardiovascular diseases; however, the mechanisms underlying improvements in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability remain unknown. In this study, we assessed the role of melatonin in regulating SMC phenotypic switching and its consequential contribution to the amelioration of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and explored the mechanisms underlying this process. We analyzed features of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and markers of SMC phenotypic transition in high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice and human aortic SMCs (HASMCs). Melatonin reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and necrotic core area while enhancing collagen content, fibrous cap thickness, and smooth muscle alpha-actin positive cell coverage on the plaque cap, which are all known phenotypic characteristics of vulnerable plaques. In atherosclerotic lesions, melatonin significantly decreased the synthetic SMC phenotype and KLF4 expression and increased the expression of PPARδ, but not PPARα and PPARγ, in HCD-fed ApoE-/- mice. These results were subsequently confirmed in the melatonin-treated HASMCs. Further analysis using PPARδ silencing and immunoprecipitation assays revealed that PPARδ plays a role in the melatonin-induced SMC phenotype switching from synthetic to contractile. Collectively, we provided the first evidence that melatonin mediates its protective effect against plaque destabilization by enhancing PPARδ-mediated SMC phenotypic switching, thereby indicating the potential of melatonin in treating atherosclerosis.
Naturally occurring peptides, such as rubiscolins derived from spinach leaves, have been shown to possess some interesting activities. They exerted central effects, such as antinociception, memory consolidation and anxiolytic-like activity. The fact that rubiscolins are potent even when given orally makes them very promising drug candidates. The present work tested whether rubiscolin-6 (R-6, Tyr-Pro-Leu-Asp-Leu-Phe) analogs have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. These hypotheses were tested in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injury model of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), Caspase-3 activity, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide (NO) production allowed us to determine the effects of peptides on hallmarks related to Parkinson's Disease (PD) and inflammation. Additionally, we investigated the impact of R-6 analogs on serine-threonine kinase (also known as protein kinase B, AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. The treatment with analogs 3 (Tyr-Inp-Leu-Asp-Leu-Phe-OH), 5 (Dmt-Inp-Leu-Asp-Leu-Phe-OH) and 7 (Tyr-Inp-Leu-Asp-Leu-Phe-NH2) most effectively prevented neuronal death via attenuation of ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction and Caspase-3 activity. Peptides 5 and 7 significantly increased the protein expression of the phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT) and phosphorylated-mTOR (p-mTOR). Additionally, selected analogs could also ameliorate LPS-mediated inflammation in macrophages via inhibition of intracellular generation of ROS and NO production. Our findings suggest that R-6 analogs exert protective effects, possibly related to an anti-oxidation mechanism in in vitro model of PD. The data shows that the most potent peptides can inhibit 6-OHDA injury by activating the PI3-K/AKT/mTOR pathway, thus playing a neuroprotective role and may provide a rational and robust approach in the design of new therapeutics or even functional foods.
Patients on waiting list are included, baseline tested and placed on a waiting-list for a 8 week period and tested at 8 weeks follow-up. The group is representative of the natural cause of disease.
Aripiprazole group, n=350, including 30 children 3 - \<6 years old and 320 children 6 - \<18 years old. \~50% - \~80% of the entire group will have ≤90 days of prior treatment with any antipsychotic.
Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome (CCMS) is a congenital condition with skeletal and orofacial abnormalities that often results in respiratory distress in neonates. The three main phenotypes in the thorax are posterior rib gaps, abnormal costovertebral articulation and absent ribs. Although the condition can be lethal, accurate diagnosis, and subsequent management help improve the survival rate. Mutations in the causative gene SNRPB have been identified, however, the mechanism whereby the skeletal phenotypes affect respiratory function is not well-studied due to the multiple skeletal phenotypes, lack of anatomy-based studies into the condition and rarity of CCMS cases. This review aims to clarify the extent to which the three main skeletal phenotypes in the thorax contribute to respiratory distress in neonates with CCMS. Despite the posterior rib gaps being unique to this condition and visually striking on radiographic images, anatomical consideration, and meta-analyses suggested that they might not be the significant factor in causing respiratory distress in neonates. Rather, the increase in chest wall compliance due to the rib gaps and the decrease in compliance at the costovertebral complex was considered to result in an equilibrium, minimizing the impact of these abnormalities. The absence of floating ribs is likely insignificant as seen in the general population; however, a further absence of ribs or vestigial rib formation is associated with respiratory distress and increased lethality. Based on these, we propose to evaluate the number of absent or vestigial ribs as a priority indicator to develop a personalized treatment plan based on the phenotypes exhibited.
Arsenic is frequently used in alternative medicine, and it is critical to promptly identify and treat suspected arsenic toxicity in patients. In a case study, a female patient presented with several symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, bilateral tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo, and other associated complaints. After admission, the patient showed lethargy, and topical application of Chinese herbal medicine was found on her left breast, along with visible pigmentation on her torso. Examination revealed severe bilateral sensorineural deafness, liver and kidney injury, and pancytopenia. Due to the presence of broken skin, toxicological analysis detected elevated levels of arsenic in both blood (113 ng/mL) and urine (865.4 ng/mL). The patient was diagnosed with arsenic poisoning and received symptomatic treatment, including detoxification. Unfortunately, the patient died due to long-term exposure to arsenic. Therefore, early identification of the etiology is crucial for managing cases of arsenic poisoning.
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the therapeutic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum NCHBL-004 (NCHBL-004) in the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
METHODS: Mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) with oral administration of NCHBL-004. After euthanasia, blood, liver and adipose tissue were collected. Furthermore, the microbiome and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed from feces.
RESULTS: Oral administration of live NCHBL-004 to mice fed a HFD resulted in notable reductions in weight gain, improvements in glucose metabolism, and maintenance of balanced lipid levels. A comparative analysis with other Lactobacillus strains highlighted the superior efficacy of NCHBL-004. Moreover, heat-killed NCHBL-004 demonstrated beneficial effects similar to those of live NCHBL-004. Additionally, administration of live NCHBL-004 induced glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) production and increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate and propionate, in feces, positively influencing liver lipid metabolism and mitigating inflammation. Consistent with this, analysis of the gut microbiome following NCHBL-004 administration showed increases in SCFA-producing microbes with increased proportions of Lactobacillus spp. and a significant increase in the proportion of microbes capable of promoting GLP-1 secretion.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the potential of both live and inactivated NCHBL-004 as potential therapeutic approaches to managing obesity and metabolic disorders, suggesting avenues for further investigation and clinical applications.
Patients with advanced cancer report physical, emotional, social and existential problems that may be due to the cancer itself or its treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated the benefit of early inclusion of palliative care (PC) in combination with standard oncologic care in reducing depressive symptoms, improving quality of life, increasing survival and also decreasing unnecessary invasive procedures. However, patients continue to arrive late at PC, even in large comprehensive cancer centers. One of the barriers is the stigma of PC perceived by patients and health professionals as "a place to die." The primaries objectives are to evaluate the feasibility and satisfaction of patients with advanced cancer submitted to a brief psychosocial intervention based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in addition to early PC and to evaluate the impact of these interventions on the reduction of depressive symptoms. A randomized, open-label, phase II trial, with two intervention arms and a control group. It will be included 150 patients with advanced cancer initiating palliative chemotherapy who meet the selection criteria. Participants will be recruited from the outpatient oncology clinics from the Barretos Cancer Hospital and will be randomized in one of the three treatment arms: arm A, five weekly sessions of brief psychosocial interventions based on CBT in combination with early PC; arm B, early PC only; arm C, standard oncologic care. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Brazilian version of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS-br), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 PAL (EORTC QLQ-C15-Pal), 13-item measure of patient satisfaction (FAMCARE-P13), and the Disease Understanding Protocol, will be the instruments used for data collection. Patients will answer these instruments at baseline and after 45, 90, 120, and 180 days after randomization. An interim analysis is planned to occur after the inclusion of 20 participants with complete data in each arm; if the Cohen's effect size between the arms A and B is small (d\<\<0.2), the study will continue only with arms B and C.
OBJECTIVE: To review the literature and report the incidence of vaginal stenosis (VS) after vaginoplasty and compare the incidence rates by surgical technique and follow-up duration.
METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review according to PRISMA guidelines. Original research on primary vaginoplasty was included. Exclusion criteria included non-English studies, mixed cohorts without subgroup analysis, revision vaginoplasty, and papers without stenosis rates. The search was ran in Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane on September 9, 2022. Stenosis rates were compared with descriptive statistics using SPSS.
RESULTS: Fifty-nine studies with a cumulative 7338 subjects were included. The overall incidence of VS was 5.83% (range 0%-34.2%). Combining VS with introital stenosis (IS) and contracture results in a cumulative incidence of 9.68%. The rate of VS in the penile inversion vaginoplasty subgroup (PIV) was 5.70%, compared to 0.20% in primary intestinal vaginoplasty. The rate of IS in the PIV group was 3.13% and 4.7% in the intestinal vaginoplasty subgroup.
CONCLUSION: The overall rate of VS was 5.83%, which is lower than previously documented. This may be related to the inclusion of more recent studies and analysis limited to primary vaginoplasty. The similar rate of IS in PIV and intestinal vaginoplasty subgroups may be secondary to multiple suture lines and the need for dilation through this anastomosis. Our research demonstrates a need for a standardized definition of VS.
The in vivo synthesis of the major biologically active metabolites of vitamin D occurs in two steps. The first hydroxylation of ergocalciferol takes place in the liver (to 25-hydroxyvitamin D) and the second in the kidneys (to 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D). Vitamin D metabolites promote the active absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the small intestine, thus elevating serum calcium and phosphate levels sufficiently to permit bone mineralization. Vitamin D metabolites also mobilize calcium and phosphate from bone and probably increase the reabsorption of calcium and perhaps also of phosphate by the renal tubules.

There is a time lag of 10 to 24 hours between the administration of vitamin D and the initiation of its action in the body due to the necessity of synthesis of the active metabolites in the liver and kidneys. Parathyroid hormone is responsible for the regulation of this metabolism in the kidneys.
The overarching goal is to utilize innovations in eHealth technology to address fertility preservation knowledge deficits and decision-making options for young adults with cancer ages 18-39 years of age. Every year, approximately 70,000 young adults (ages 18-39) are diagnosed with cancer, which can significantly affect their health-related quality of life in multiple areas, including the potential for infertility or other reproductive challenges. Despite this, very few young adults diagnosed with cancer are actually provided fertility preservation information let alone effective strategies or tools for how to best navigate their fertility preservation options. It is critical to provide decision-making information and support about infertility risk and existing interventions to maintain reproductive potential in a delivery mode that is most congruent with this population's health communication style, such as eHealth applications.

The goal is to adapt and optimize fertility preservation content in a tailored mHealth tool for fertility preservation decision-making. More specifically, the team will adapt fertility-preservation content for tailored, rapid, and clear dissemination of information in an engaging, cross-platform, patient-friendly mHealth format. The study team will alpha-test this tool with an ethnically diverse sample of cross-cultural end users to collect qualitative data and evaluate usability and comprehensibility to refine content and design. No formal hypothesis testing will be done.
Acute overdosage with Hydrocodone Bitartrate And Acetaminophen Tablets can be manifested by respiratory depression, somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, constricted pupils, and, in some cases, pulmonary edema, bradycardia, hypotension, partial or complete airway obstruction, atypical snoring, and death. Marked mydriasis rather than miosis may be seen with hypoxia in overdose situations.

Acetaminophen

Dose-dependent, potentially fatal hepatic necrosis is the most serious adverse effect of acetaminophen overdosage. Renal tubular necrosis, hypoglycemic coma and coagulation defects may also occur.

Early symptoms following a potentially hepatotoxic overdose may include: nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis and general malaise. Clinical and laboratory evidence of hepatic toxicity may not be apparent until 48 to 72 hours post-ingestion.