anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The invention provides novel nanoscale delivery vehicles and composite nanoassemblies built from distinct nanoassembly units ( e.g. , block copolymer micelles and nanogels) with stoichiometric control. These intelligent composite nanoassemblies independently retain the key features of the nanoassembly units and greatly expand the potential functional features attainable based on the surface functionalization. The invention provides a novel approach to constructing nano-vehicles with controllable morphology based on combination of cooperative releasing mechanisms ( e.g. , redox sensitive nanogels and pH sensitive micelles). Two kinds of guests can be separately and stably encapsulated in the composite nanocontainers, and then released sequentially under the stimulation of pH change and reduced glutathione.
Antimicrobials are the most commonly prescribed drugs in medicine, resulting in inappropriate use in approximately 50% of cases Misuse can have devastating effects through resistance development which further complicates selection of appropriate empiric antibiotics. In cases of severe illness, it is easy for clinicians to rely on broad spectrum antibiotics to cover the majority of likely pathogens when dealing with a presumed bacterial infection. However, this practice perpetuates the cycle of resistance. Inappropriate empiric therapy is associated with worse outcomes in resistant Gram-negative (GN) bacteremia and pneumonia, so clinicians should strive for targeted coverage that is specific to the pathogen of interest when possible. Johnson et al. showed that patients with recent antibiotic exposure had greater inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy (45.4% vs. 21.2%; p \< 0.001) and higher in-hospital mortality (51.3% vs. 34.0%; p \< 0.001) compared with patients without recent antibiotic exposure.

The 2020 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Guidance on the Treatment of Antimicrobial Resistant Gram-Negative Infections reports an increased risk of resistance with antibiotic exposure in the past 30 days. Additionally, expert opinion prompts consideration of empiric coverage with a GN agent from a different class that offers comparable spectrum of activity from previous exposure. The 2019 Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Guidelines from the American Thoracic Society and IDSA lists prior antibiotic use in the last 90 days as a risk factor for P. aeruginosa.The 2016 Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia (HAP, VAP) Guidelines from IDSA, list antibiotic use in the past 90 days as a risk factor for P. aeruginosa and other GN organisms in HAP. Additionally, antibiotic use in the past 90 days is listed as having an association with increased risk of multi-drug resistant VAP. The CAP, HAP, and VAP Guidelines do not mention using the same versus different agent as empiric choice if previous antibiotic exposure is to an anti-pseudomonal agent.
Cancer patients often experience anemia due to the disease itself, chemotherapy, or both. Quality of life is also affected, due in part to the tiredness associated with anemia. Previous studies with epoetin alfa have suggested that epoetin alfa increases hemoglobin and reduces the incidence of red blood cell transfusions and that achieving a higher hemoglobin level may improve quality of life. This is a randomized, open-label, multicenter study that evaluates the effects of early treatment with epoetin alfa compared with standard anemia care alone to determine its impact on the need for blood transfusions, tumor response, anemia and quality of life, as well as on the safety of epoetin alfa when used in the prevention of anemia during chemotherapy in adult patients with cancer. Patients will receive epoetin alfa injections (10,000 units) under the skin 3 times a week until 4 weeks after the last day of the last chemotherapy cycle, in addition to best standard care, or best standard care alone. Best standard care during chemotherapy may include red blood cell transfusions, white cell growth factors, and iron supplementation, as needed. The dose of epoetin alfa may be adjusted up (to 20,000 units) or down (to 75% of the last dose) based on hemoglobin level.

The primary measure of effectiveness will be determined by the number of patients who receive an allogenic red blood cell transfusion during the study and during each chemotherapy cycle. Additional measures of effectiveness include: the average number of units transfused during each cycle, change in quality of life (feeling of well-being, as assessed by responses to 3 different patient questionnaires), change in hemoglobin level, relationship between change in hemoglobin and quality of life, tumor response, and the number of patients surviving up to 12 months after the end of treatment. Safety evaluations (incidence of adverse events, clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, and physical examinations) will be performed throughout the study. The study hypothesis is that treatment with epoetin alfa will reduce the need for red blood cell transfusions, increase hemoglobin levels, improve quality of life, and result in a positive tumor response in patients with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy. This study will be conducted in the Netherlands and will only enroll European patients. Patients will receive epoetin alfa injections (10,000 units) under the skin 3 times a week until 4 weeks after the last day of the last chemotherapy cycle, or best standard care. Dose may be adjusted up (to 20,000 units) or down (to 75% of the last dose) based on hemoglobin level.
This study investigated whether dorsoradial ligament repair with internal brace augmentation provided more immediate stability in the trapeziometacarpal joint than dorsoradial ligament repair alone. Seven matched pairs of cadaveric hands were used. One specimen from each pair was assigned to the repair-only group and the other to the repair + internal brace augmentation group. Trapeziometacarpal joint range of motion and translation were quantified under different conditions for both groups: (1) intact, (2) transected dorsoradial ligament, and (3) repaired dorsoradial ligament or repaired dorsoradial ligament plus internal brace augmentation. Load-to-failure tests were performed after repair. Range of motion and translation were increased by dorsoradial ligament transection and were decreased by dorsoradial ligament repair; however, compared to the intact condition, the repair-only group demonstrated greater flexion/extension range, while the repair + internal brace group showed no significant difference in range of motion. Mean loads at 2- and 3-mm displacements were greater in the repair + internal brace group than in the repair-only group (18.0 ± 1.8 N vs. 10.8 ± 1.3 N for 2 mm displacement and 35.3 ± 3.7 N vs. 23.1 ± 2.9 N for 3 mm displacement, respectively). Internal brace augmentation improved the load-to-failure characteristics of dorsoradial ligament repair without compromising range of motion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
This study is designed to yield data on the intraoperative use of TaperGuard™endotracheal tubes and its potential influence on postoperative pulmonary complications and outcomes. The TaperGuard Basic tube has a taper-shaped cuff and has been shown, via bench and animal testing, to decrease microaspiration, which has been associated with respiratory difficulties. The intraoperative use of this tube (i.e. during short term intubation), and its impact on postoperative complications and outcomes has not been investigated. This study will determine whether the intraoperative use of the TaperGuard tube results in a decrease in microaspiration compared to the Hi-Lo endotracheal tube having a barrel-shaped cuff. Moreover, the relationship between a decrease in microaspiration and subsequent decrease in postoperative respiratory complications will be explored.
Adult cystic fibrosis patients from the Rush University Medical Center Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program will be recruited for a prospective before and after cohort study to evaluate patient preference for either the TOBI Podhaler or inhaled tobramycin solution and compare the efficacy of the TOBI Podhaler to tobramycin inhaled solution. This project will evaluate the potential differences in efficacy, medication adherence, treatment time, side effects/adverse effects, quality of life, and identify patient preferences between the use of TIP and TIS. Measurements after a 28-day cycle of tobramycin inhaled solution, first 28-day cycle of TOBI Podhaler and third 28-day cycle of TOBI Podhaler will include FEV1, number of acute pulmonary exacerbations, adherence, cough frequency, sputum characteristics, and side effects or adverse events. The quality of life as assessed by the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) will be measured after a 28-day cycle of tobramycin inhaled solution and the third 28-day cycle of TOBI Podhaler. The FEV1 values, number of missed treatments, and total treatment time will be analyzed through a repeated measures analysis of variance. Comparisons of the CFQ-R data before and after the switch to the TPI will be made with the Student's t-test. The chi square test will be used to evaluate differences in categorical data. All tests will be tested at an alpha equal to 0.05. Responses for the adverse reactions or side effects will be listed and categorized. The percentages of patients preferring each inhaled solution will be reported.
BarH-like homeobox 2 (BARX2) has been identified to play a key role in the development of multiple cancers. Meanwhile, BARX2 may be an independent prognostic biomarker for patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the regulatory role of BARX2 in HCC is still unclear and needs to be unveiled. In this study, the expressions of BARX2 and N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4 (GALNT4) were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) as well as western blot. Besides, the abilities of cells to proliferate, migrate, invade, and angiogenesis were assessed with CCK-8, colony formation, wound-healing, Transwell, and tube formation assays, separately. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry analysis. The binding relationship between BARX2 and GALNT4 was predicted by JASPAR website and verified using Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase report assay. It was discovered that BARX2 was reduced in HCC cell lines, while its overexpression greatly repressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis and promoted cell apoptosis in HuH7 and MHCC97-H cells. BARX2 could bind to GALNT4 promoter and positively regulate GALNT4 expression. In addition, GALNT4 deficiency partly abolished the inhibitory effects of BARX2 on the progression of HCC. In summary, this study highlights that BARX2 may hold promise for serving as a potential therapeutic target, facilitating the development of a novel therapeutic strategy against HCC.
World over, infants with hydrocephalus are mainly treated using a shunt, which is a device made of soft plastic tubing that moves extra fluid from the brain to the abdomen. Surgery is required to insert a shunt into the brain and the abdomen. In recent years, we have developed another treatment called Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) with Choroid Plexus Cauterization (ETV/CPC). This research study is being done to measure the results of these procedures in children less than six months of age who have hydrocephalus as the result of a brain infection, called post-infectious hydrocephalus, or PIH. This is the most common cause of hydrocephalus in Ugandan babies. This study will evaluate patients in more detail to measure brain growth and development. Children in the study will have special testing to measure developmental progress as well as special imaging to evaluate the progress of their brain growth.
The efficacy of duloxetine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was established in 1 fixed-dose randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and 2 flexible-dose randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in adult outpatients between 18 and 83 years of age meeting the DSM-IV criteria for GAD.

In 1 flexible-dose study and in the fixed-dose study, the starting dose was 60 mg once daily where down titration to 30 mg once daily was allowed for tolerability reasons before increasing it to 60 mg once daily. Fifteen percent of patients were down titrated. One flexible-dose study had a starting dose of 30 mg once daily for 1 week before increasing it to 60 mg once daily. 

The 2 flexible-dose studies involved dose titration with duloxetine doses ranging from 60 mg once daily to 120 mg once daily (N=168 and N=162) compared to placebo (N=159 and N=161) over a 10 week treatment period. The mean dose for completers at endpoint in the flexible-dose studies was 104.75 mg/day. The fixed-dose study evaluated duloxetine doses of 60 mg once daily (N=168) and 120 mg once daily (N=170) compared to placebo (N=175) over a 9 week treatment period. While a 120 mg/day dose was shown to be effective, there is no evidence that doses greater than 60 mg/day confer additional benefit. 

In all 3 studies, duloxetine demonstrated superiority over placebo as measured by greater improvement in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) total score and by the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) global functional impairment score. The SDS is a widely used and well-validated scale that measures the extent emotional symptoms disrupt patient functioning in 3 life domains: work/school, social life/leisure activities, and family life/home responsibilities. 

In another study, 887 patients meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for GAD received duloxetine 60 mg to 120 mg once daily during an initial 26 week open-label treatment phase. Four hundred and twenty-nine patients who responded to open-label treatment (defined as meeting the following criteria at weeks 24 and 26: a decrease from baseline HAM-A total score by at least 50% to a score no higher than 11, and a Clinical Global Impressions of Improvement [CGI-Improvement] score of 1 or 2) were randomly assigned to continuation of duloxetine at the same dose (N = 216) or to placebo (N = 213) and were observed for relapse. Of the patients randomized, 73% had been in a responder status for at least 10 weeks. Relapse was defined as an increase in CGI-Severity score at least 2 points to a score ≥ 4 and a MINI (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) diagnosis of GAD (excluding duration), or discontinuation due to lack of efficacy. Patients taking duloxetine delayed-release capsules experienced a statistically significantly longer time to relapse of GAD than did patients taking placebo.

Subgroup analyses did not indicate that there were any differences in treatment outcomes as a function of age or gender.
Identifying novel therapeutic targets for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a key goal in liver cancer research. Even though long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) do not code proteins, they could regulate the expression of functional genes and thus mediate disease development. The aim of this study was to estimate the role of lncRNA POLR2J4 (POLR2J4) in the progression of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) to pinpoint a potential biomarker. This study included 109 patients diagnosed with HBV-positive HCC, from whom tissue samples were collected. The expression level of POLR2J4 was evaluated by qPCR. The significance of POLR2J4 in HBV-HCC development and prognosis was estimated by Chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox analysis. In vitro, POLR2J4 was regulated in HBV-HCC cells, and its effect on cell growth and metastasis was assessed by CCK8 and Transwell assay. The interaction between POLR2J4 and miR-214-3p was evaluated through the luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. In tumor tissues of HBV-HCC patients, there was an observed increase in the expression of POLR2J4. The increase was closely related with patients' presence of cirrhosis and vascular invasion, higher AFP, and advanced Edmondson grade and TNM stage. An upregulation of POLR2J4 predicted a poor prognosis for HBV-HCC patients and served as an independent indicator. In HBV-related HCC cells, silencing POLR2J4 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, POLR2J4 negatively regulated miR-214-3p reversing the inhibition of cellular processes. POLR2J4 acted as a prognostic biomarker and a tumor promoter of HBV-HCC by modulating miR-214-3p.
Green beans will be provided in the daily diets of the patients enrolled for 3 months via gtube or oral means. Only up to 6g of fiber total from green beans will be given. This equates to 3x 4 ounce jars of green beans per day.
Oral administration is preferred. Although most patients with malabsorption cannot absorb food folates, they are able to absorb folic acid given orally. Parenteral administration is not advocated but may be necessary in some individuals (e.g., patients receiving parenteral or enteral alimentation). Doses greater than 0.1 mg should not be used unless anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency has been ruled out or is being adequately treated with a cobalamin. Daily doses greater than 1 mg do not enhance the hematologic effect, and most of the excess is excreted unchanged in the urine.

The usual therapeutic dosage in adults and children (regardless of age) is up to 1 mg daily. Resistant cases may require larger doses.

When clinical symptoms have subsided and the blood picture has become normal, a daily maintenance level should be used, i.e., 0.1 mg for infants and up to 0.3 mg for children under 4 years of age, 0.4 mg for adults and children 4 or more years of age, and 0.8 mg for pregnant and lactating women, but never less than 0.1 mg/day. Patients should be kept under close supervision and adjustment of the maintenance level made if relapse appears imminent. In the presence of alcoholism, hemolytic anemia, anticonvulsant therapy, or chronic infection, the maintenance level may need to be increased.
A composition which is: a.) A hair care composition which is a high internal phase water-in-oil emulsion which comprises: (I) an oil phase which further comprises i.) a mixture of non-volatile and volatile silicone oils, and ii.) a silicone surfactant; and (II) which comprises an aqueous phase;and which substantially lacks a fatty alcohol; and b.) a skin care composition which is a high internal phase water-in-oil emulsion which comprises: (I) an oil phase which further comprises i.) a mixture of non-volatile and volatile silicone oils, and ii.) a silicone surfactant; and (II) which comprises an aqueous phase.
This study will address two of the overwhelming challenges in the physiologic care of premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment. The first challenge is promoting neonatal growth through providing a careful balance of nutrition to caloric expenditure for premature infants. The second challenge is supporting parents in the intensive, technology driven environment of the NICU to merge physiologic care with parental-infant interaction through touch, communication, and maternal intervention. The vast majority of mothers with premature infants express breast milk for early feedings, however milk production tends to diminish three to four weeks after delivery. The practice of skin-to-skin holding is thought to promote the mother's ability to produce breast milk, but had not been empirically tested. This study will examine the relationship of kangaroo holding on mother's breast milk production and composition.
FIELD: medicinal industry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of immunobiological preparations (anatoxins, antigens of viral and bacteriological vaccines). Method of preparing involves stages of preparing aluminum sulfate and sodium carbonate solutions, precipitation of aluminum hydroxide gel, washing out, filtration, bottling and sterilization. At the stage of precipitation process is carried out in continuous regime at pH values 6.0- 8.5 and temperature 20.0-70.0 C. Before precipitation carbamide in the concentration 5.0- 50.0 g/l is added to the parent aluminum sulfate solution. EFFECT: increased sorption capacity of aluminum hydroxide gel. 4 tbl, 2 ex
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Systemic corticosteroids have a long history of use in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Both efficacy and safety show large interindividual variability (IIV), suggesting that corticosteroids may have the potential for individualised dosing strategies to optimise therapy. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of current evidence on the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) relationships of systemic corticosteroids in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase for PK/PD studies of systemic corticosteroids in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in humans published until December 2023. Studies were scored from 1 to 5 according to criteria for the levels of evidence, as inspired by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine.
RESULTS: Twelve studies (1981-2016) were included. The majority of these studies had a small sample size. The corticosteroids involved were prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone and budesonide. Substantial IIV of corticosteroid PK was described in all studies. Evidence for a relationship between the PK of corticosteroids and efficacy was inconclusive and limited. However, there was some evidence for a relationship between the PK of prednisolone and the severity of Cushingoid features.
CONCLUSION: There is insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions on the potential associations between PK and clinical outcome of systemic corticosteroid treatment in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This is remarkable given the many decades that steroid drugs have been used in clinical care. Prospective research is recommended with robust and well-defined cohorts to fully quantify the PK/PD associations of corticosteroids.
The study will recruit 10,000 asymptomatic participants between 40 and 74 years old from Shanghai urban population. The 5000 participants in the intervention group will undergo a low-dose CT scan at baseline and one year later, and will be managed according to European volume-based protocol. The 5000 participants in the control group will undergo a low-dose CT scan according to the routine CT protocol and will be managed according to the clinical practice. Epidemiological data will be collected through questionnaires. In the fourth year from baseline, the diagnosis of the three diseases will be collected. The screening performance will be compared between volume-based and standard protocol for managing early-detected lung nodules. The effectiveness of quantitative measurement of CT imaging biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer, COPD and CVD will be evaluated.

The detected lung nodules in the intervention group will be classified into three groups depending on nodule volume: \< 100 mm3 (negative result), 100-300 mm3 (indeterminate result) and \> 300 mm3 (positive result). In case of a negative result, a CT scan after one year is recommended. In case of an indeterminate result, a 3-month follow up CT is recommended at which VDT will be assessed. For short VDT (\< 400 days), the screening result is positive. Long VDT (\> 400 days) is considered a negative screening result. In case of a positive result, referral to a multidisciplinary team is recommended for further investigation. The detected nodules in the control group will be managed according to the recommended cut-off values of diameter from NCCN Clinical Practice Guideline in Oncology for Lung Cancer Screening.