anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Cannabis abuse and dependence are the most prevalent drug use disorders in the United States (Compton et al., 2004), yet little is known about the factors contributing to successful marijuana treatment. Previously, we have shown that cognitive impairments in patients treated for substance disorders are associated with premature treatment dropout. However, little is known about whether such impairments are the result of drug use per se. The objective of this within-subject study is to determine whether decision-making and risk-taking are affected by acute cannabis intoxication. The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART; Lejuez et al. 2002) assesses decision making in a context of increasing risk, and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; Bechara et al. 1994) tests the ability to balance immediate rewards against long-term negative consequences; both tasks have strong face validity for evaluating cognitive deficits that may contribute to poor treatment outcome. Research volunteers will be current marijuana smokers. Each will participate in three, 4-hour outpatient sessions in the Substance Use Research Center (SURC) in the Division of Substance Abuse at NYSPI. They will smoke a different strength marijuana cigarette (0.0, 1.98, 3.9% THC) in each session in counter-balanced order. After baseline data have been collected (risk taking and decision making behaviors, heart rate, blood pressure, mood scales, exhaled carbon monoxide), participants will take 3-6 puffs, 5 seconds in duration, from a National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) marijuana cigarette. After smoking, we will repeatedly re-assess risk taking and decision making abilities with the BART and IGT. We will also measure subjective mood ratings, heart rate and blood pressure repeatedly for 180 minutes following smoking. This study is the first controlled investigation of the effects of smoked marijuana on both risk taking and decision making tasks. The data obtained will be used to guide treatment development for marijuana use disorders.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common condition. One to two percent of the population experiences the chronic intrusive obsessive thoughts, repetitive compulsions, and pathological anxiety characteristic of the illness, which by several measures is among the ten most disabling medical conditions for adults in industrialized countries. Unfortunately, about fifteen percent of patients fail to benefit from existing therapies. A small number of OCD patients, who have a disabling illness that does not improve after conventional treatments, have neurosurgery as a last resort. One procedure, capsulotomy, involves making pairs of lesions in an anatomically-defined part of the anterior limb of the internal capsule, a structure containing nerve fiber bundles connecting the thalamus, in the center of the brain, to the prefrontal cortex, the most anterior and outermost brain region. OCD is believed to result from abnormal activity in brain circuits connecting the prefrontal cortex, thalamus and other brain areas. Data show that approximately 50 to 60 percent of patients improve after capsulotomy.

In addition, new neuroimaging measures of how brain fiber tracts and the brain regions associated with them change after capsulotomy promise to enhance the understanding of OCD pathophysiology, and may help advance capsulotomy and other neuroanatomically-based therapies. While capsulotomy is believed to exert its therapeutics effects by changing thalamus-prefrontal cortex connections, the specific anatomical changes produced by this surgical treatment in these fiber pathways are unknown. This is especially true at greater distances from the site of surgery, that is, closer to the thalamus and prefrontal cortex, the regions the surgery is intended to partially disconnect from each other. The investigators will examine how the therapeutic effects of capsulotomy relate to changes in the structure of these brain pathways with structural (diffusion tensor imaging, DTI) and functional (resting-state and task-based) connectivity metrics. Additional measures of how brain volumes may change in specific corticobasal structures implicated in OCD (including the basal ganglia, thalamus, and orbitofrontal cortex) will be derived from conventional MRI measures obtained during the same sessions when the experimental DT-MRI measures are acquired. The investigators will also utilize experimental cognitive tasks that are sensitive to the circuitry impacted by this procedure.

Understanding the changes after surgery that result in the best therapeutic outcomes will allow the investigators to improve capsulotomy as a treatment for this debilitating disease. With this information, the investigators can refine the targeting of capsulotomy for individual patients and, possibly, aid the development of other treatments, including deep brain stimulation, for intractable OCD. This study provides a unique opportunity to test structural and functional connectivity measures as probes of complex neuronal circuits that are likely to be involved in psychiatric illness.
This invention relates generally to methods for preparing certain bile acids from non-mammalian sourced starting materials as well as to synthetic bile acids and compositions comprising such acids wherein the acids are characterized by a different C 14  population than naturally occurring bile acids as well as being free from any mammalian pathogens. This invention is also directed to the synthesis of intermediates useful in the synthesis of such bile acids. Accordingly, the C ring of the steroidal scaffold is oxidized to provide a synthetic route and intermediates to DCA. This invention also provides synthetic methods for preparing deoxycholic acid or a salt thereof starting from aromatic steroids such as estrogen, equilenin, and derivatives thereof. This invention is also directed to intermediates such as 12-oxo or delta-9,11-ene steroids as well as novel processes for their preparation. In preferred embodiments, bile acids are provided herein which have substituents on the B-ring and/or D-ring side chain and optionally on the hydroxy group of the A-ring.
Methods, systems, and techniques for determining a physiological state of interest of a subject without direct reference to analytes of the subject. Light is directed at a body part of a subject such that the light passes through or is reflected by blood and interstitial fluid of the body part. The light is incident on the body part comprises a range of wavelengths from at least one of the near infrared and visible spectra. A spectrum of the light is measured after the light has one or both of passed through and been reflected by the body part, and the spectrum comprises the range of wavelengths. Determining whether the subject is in the physiological state of interest involves using a trained machine learning model to process the measured spectrum. This machine learning model is trained with reference spectra representative of the physiological state of interest.
Despite advances in caring for neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), mortality and morbidity continues to be high. Additionally, the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction in this condition is poorly understood. Postnatal cardiac dysfunction in neonates with CDH may be multifactorial with origins in fetal life. Mechanical obstruction, competition from herniated abdominal organs into thoracic cavity combined with redirection of ductus venosus flow away from patent foramen ovale leading to smaller left-sided structures may be a contributing factor. This shunting decreases left atrial and left ventricular blood volume, which may result in altered micro- and macrovascular aberrations affecting cardiac development in the prenatal period. Direct mass effect from herniated intra-abdominal contents restricting cardiac growth and/or reduced left ventricular preload may contribute independently to left ventricular dysfunction in the absence of right ventricular dysfunction and or pulmonary hypertension. With variable clinical phenotypes of cardiac dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, and respiratory failure in patients with CDH, there is increased need for individualized diagnosis and tailored therapy. Routine use of therapy such as inhaled nitric oxide and sildenafil that induces significant pulmonary vasodilation may be detrimental in left ventricle dysfunction, whereas in a patient with pure right ventricle dysfunction, they may be beneficial. Targeted functional echocardiography serves as a real-time tool for defining the pathophysiology and aids optimization of vasoactive therapy in affected neonates. KEY POINTS: · Cardiac dysfunction in neonates with CDH is multifactorial.. · Postnatal cardiac dysfunction in patients with CDH has its origins in fetal life.. · Right ventricular dysfunction contributes to systemic hypotension.. · Left ventricular dysfunction contributes to systemic hypotension.. · Supportive therapy should be tailored to clinical phenotype..
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves treating the uterine neck and vagina with Chlorixicin solution in Dimexid and then with Papaine solution. The cervical canal and the vagina are exposed to helium-neon laser radiation at 0.63 mcm wavelength. Then tampon impregnated with suspension of Dibunol, Dimexid, Metrandazol, Macropen and Levorin is introduced into the vagina. The mentioned mixture is also used for treating vulva and external orifice of the urethra. Laser puncture treatment is additionally applied after the second procedure. EFFECT: activated vaginal cells metabolism and their capability for hormone reception and self-cleaning. 3 tbl
Participants will receive a single 8 mg MK-1942 capsule twice daily (BID), taken orally for one week. Then the dose is titrated up to 15 mg MK-1942 capsule twice daily (BID), taken orally for up to 11 weeks.
Ivermectin is an antiparasitic medicine (i.e. a medicine used to eliminate parasitic worms) for oral administration, and is approved in the US and some other countries in a tablet form. A new liquid formulation of ivermectin has been developed to facilitate dosing. This is a single dose, randomised, crossover study in healthy adult male and female volunteers, with doses taken 20 minutes after a standard breakfast. Doses will be separated by washout period of at least 14 days. Twenty-one blood samples will be taken from each volunteer over 144 hours in each period. Concentrations of Ivermectin in plasma will be measured using a validated chromatographic assay (LC-MS/MS). Standard pharmacokinetic parameters will be obtained and bioequivalence on the basis of rate and extent of drug absorption will be assessed.
Research on the geographic distribution of pain and arthritis outcomes, especially at the county level, is limited. This is a high-priority topic, however, given the heterogeneity of subnational and substate regions and the importance of county-level governments in shaping population health. Our study provides the most fine-grained picture to date of the geography of pain in the United States. Combining 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data with county-level data from the Census and other sources, we examined arthritis and arthritis-attributable joint pain, severe joint pain, and activity limitations in US counties. We used small area estimation to estimate county-level prevalences and spatial analyses to visualize and model these outcomes. Models considering spatial structures show superiority over nonspatial models. Counties with higher prevalences of arthritis and arthritis-related outcomes are mostly clustered in the Deep South and Appalachia, while severe consequences of arthritis are particularly common in counties in the Southwest, Pacific Northwest, Georgia, Florida, and Maine. Net of arthritis, county-level percentages of racial/ethnic minority groups are negatively associated with joint pain prevalence, but positively associated with severe joint pain prevalence. Severe joint pain is also more common in counties with more female individuals, separated or divorced residents, more high school noncompleters, fewer chiropractors, and higher opioid prescribing rates. Activity limitations are more common in counties with higher percentages of uninsured people. Our findings show that different spatial processes shape the distribution of different arthritis-related pain outcomes, which may inform local policies and programs to reduce the risk of arthritis and its consequences.
Microparticle formation system and methods that advantageously combine aspects of spray drying and coacervation (or complex coacervation) into a single process. A temperature controllable spray head mounted on a movable stage within a spray chamber produces droplets of solution having controlled size and temperature. The solution can include a first set of one or more solvents and a first set of one or more components or active agents such as one or more APIs. A wet sample receiving pan or reservoir at the bottom of the chamber holds a desired receiving solvent or solvents. The droplets traverse the path between the spray head and reservoir and interact with the solvent in the reservoir. As the droplets traverse the path the first solvent dries. However, the system is configurable such that the first solvent of the droplets does not have to fully dry before the droplets reach the reservoir. This provides flexibility to perform a second process using the reservoir solvent(s) to refine the sprayed droplets, for example to produce microparticles having certain properties unmet by other processes or techniques. The first solvent may be miscible with a reservoir solvent such that coacervation occurs resulting in formation of one or more microparticles of the first set of components or active agents (or a subset thereof). Microparticles formed in this manner have a well-defined or controlled size of low polydispersity not previously available using other techniques. The size and other properties of the formed microparticles, such as integrity and stability, are determined, in part, by the concentration of solution in the droplets. Advantageously, the present invention therefore greatly enhances the capability of spray drying by allowing for the control of several process parameters. For example, four primary process parameters are spray head temperature, flow rate, temperature gradient along the path of the sprayed droplet and the solvent(s) in the reservoir. Other parameters such as pressure can be controlled as well. The process allows for droplets of controlled size and concentration to be provided to the reservoir for further processing, such as coacervation.
BACKGROUND: Postherpetic pain (PHP) is difficult to control. Although Neurotropin® (NTP) and methylcobalamin (MCB) are often prescribed to treat the pain, the efficacy of combined treatment for PHP remains imcompletely understood.
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigate the combined effects of NTP and MCB on PHP in mice.
METHODS: NTP and MCB were administered from day 10-29 after herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection. The pain-related responses were evaluated using a paint brush. The expression of neuropathy-related factor (ATF3) and nerve repair factors (GAP-43 and SPRR1A) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and neurons in the skin were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT3) mRNA expression levels were evaluated using real-time PCR.
RESULTS: Repeated treatment with NTP and MCB after the acute phase inhibited PHP. Combined treatment with these drugs inhibited PHP at an earlier stage than either treatment alone. In the DRG of HSV-1-infected mice, MCB, but not NTP, decreased the number of cells expressing ATF3 and increased the number of cells expressing GAP-43- and SPRR1A. In addition, MCB, but not NTP, also increased and recovered non-myelinated neurons decreased in the lesional skin. NTP increased the mRNA levels of NTF3 in keratinocytes, while MCB increased that of NGF in Schwann cells.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that combined treatment with NTP and MCB is useful for the treatment of PHP. The combined effect may be attributed to the different analgesic mechanisms of these drugs.
Virologically suppressed HIV-infected children (6 to \< 12 years of age weighing ≥ 25 kg) will receive E/C/F/TAF (150/150/200/10 mg) FDC once daily for 48 weeks. Participants who complete 48 weeks of study treatment will have the option to receive E/C/F/TAF in an extension phase of the study until: a) the participant turns 18 years old and E/C/F/TAF is commercially available for adults in the country in which the participant is enrolled; b) age-appropriate E/C/F/TAF become commercially available in the country in which the participant is enrolled; or c) Gilead elects to terminate development of E/C/F/TAF in that country.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health issue and is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality globally. In Pakistan, the prevalence of chronic HBV infection varies from 2% to 4%, with an estimated exposure rate of approximately 34%. The major objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV genotypes and the pattern of escape mutations in the HBV S gene in two major provinces of Pakistan: Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A total of 146 serum/plasma samples collected from hepatitis B patients were sequenced by the Sanger method. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the intermixed circulation of closely related strains of HBV genotype D and subgenotypes HBV/D1, HBV/D2, and HBV/A2 in both provinces, and various escape mutations (Y100C, P120S/T, G119R, C121S/Y, R122K, T126I, A128V, Q129H/R, G130R, T131N/I, M133T/I, Y134N, C137W, S143L, and D144E) were identified. These findings provide important insights into the current prevalence of HBV genotypes in Pakistan and will help in the establishment of more-efficient disease interventions and patient management strategies.
PCT No. PCT/FR94/00341 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 14, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 14, 1996 PCT Filed Mar. 28, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO94/22418 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 13, 1994Stable skin coloring cosmetic emulsion comprising A) from 50 to 92% by weight, based on the total emulsion weight, of an aqueous phase containing from 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total emulsion weight, of dihydroxyacetone and B) from 8 to 50% by weight, based on the total emulsion weight, of a fatty phase comprising from 5 to 15% by weight of isoparaffin or poly- alpha -olefin, from 3 to 7% by weight of an emulsifying agent consisting of a mixture of saturated or unsaturated sorbitol and glycerol esters of C18 fatty acids with a straight or branched chain, optionally including hydroxyl, said esters being oxyethylenated and oxypropylenated, the total number of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide being less than or equal to 5, and from 0 to 15% by weight of the additional fatty bodies, all of the percentages being based on the total emulsion weight. The water-in-oil emulsion can be used to obtain a triple water-in-oil-in-water emulsion.
BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) is a costly global health condition that affects individuals of all ages and genders. Physical therapy (PT) is a commonly used and effective intervention for the management of LBP and incorporates movement assessment and therapeutic exercise. A newly developed wearable, fabric-based sensor system, Motion Tape, uses novel sensing and data modeling to measure lumbar spine movements unobtrusively and thus offers potential benefits when used in conjunction with PT. However, physical therapists' acceptance of Motion Tape remains unexplored.
OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this research study was to evaluate physical therapists' acceptance of Motion Tape to be used for the management of LBP. The secondary aim was to explore physical therapists' recommendations for future device development.
METHODS: Licensed physical therapists from the American Physical Therapy Association Academy of Leadership Technology Special Interest Group participated in this study. Overall, 2 focus groups (FGs; N=8) were conducted, in which participants were presented with Motion Tape samples and examples of app data output on a poster. Informed by the Technology Acceptance Model, we conducted semistructured FGs and explored the wearability, usefulness, and ease of use of and suggestions for improvements in Motion Tape for PT management of LBP. FG data were transcribed and analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis.
RESULTS: Regarding wearability, participants perceived that Motion Tape would be able to adhere for several days, with some variability owing to external factors. Feedback was positive for the low-profile and universal fit, but discomfort owing to wires and potential friction with clothing was of concern. Other concerns included difficulty with self-application and potential skin sensitivity. Regarding usefulness, participants expressed that Motion Tape would enhance the efficiency and specificity of assessments and treatment. Regarding ease of use, participants stated that the app would be easy, but data management and challenges with interpretation were of concern. Physical therapists provided several recommendations for future design improvements including having a wireless system or removable wires, customizable sizes for the tape, and output including range of motion data and summary graphs and adding app features that consider patient input and context.
CONCLUSIONS: Several themes related to Motion Tape's wearability, usefulness, and ease of use were identified. Overall, physical therapists expressed acceptance of Motion Tape's potential for assessing and monitoring low back posture and movement, both within and outside clinical settings. Participants expressed that Motion Tape would be a valuable tool for the personalized treatment of LBP but highlighted several future improvements needed for Motion Tape to be used in practice.
1391577 Substitute synovial fluid C A HOMSY 8 March 1973 [16 March 1972] 11352/73 Heading A5B [Also in Division C3] A pseudo-synovial fluid comprises an aqueous solution of from 0.8 to 4.0% by weight of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose and the inorganic salts present in blood plasma in approximately the concentration in which they are present in the blood plasma. Such salts include sodium and potassium chlorides, sodium hydrogen carbonate and K 2 H 3 PO 4 . Preferably the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose has a Brookfield viscosity of at least 500 c.p.s. at 25 C. More preferably, it has a molecular weight of about 350,000 and a degree of substitution of 0.8. A microbial agent, preferably methyl-p-hydroxy benzoate, may be added. These materials do not cause inflammation in the body.
[GB1391577A]
Treatment protocol is based on the principles described by Beck (Beck et al., 1979) will be utilized. The treatment includes behavioral activation and cognitive restructuring with homework assignments. In each centre, CBT treatment is performed by psychotherapists with certified training in CBT techniques and a minimum of three years of experience in treating patients with depression. They receive regular CBT supervision to ensure that the quality of their CBT treatment was maintained.