anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Serotonin Syndrome

The development of a potentially life-threatening serotonin syndrome has been reported with Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride when used in combination with other drugs, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tramadol, bupropion, meperidine, verapamil, or MAO inhibitors. The concomitant use of Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride with MAO inhibitors is contraindicated (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., confusion, agitation, hallucinations), autonomic instability (e.g., diaphoresis, tachycardia, labile blood pressure, hyperthermia), neuromuscular abnormalities (e.g., tremor, ataxia, hyperreflexia, clonus, muscle rigidity), and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Treatment with Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride and any concomitant serotonergic agents should be discontinued immediately if the above reactions occur and supportive symptomatic treatment should be initiated. If concomitant treatment with Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride and other serotonergic drugs is clinically warranted, careful observation is advised, particularly during treatment initiation or dose increases (see PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions).

Cyclobenzaprine is closely related to the tricyclic antidepressants, e.g., amitriptyline and imipramine. In short term studies for indications other than muscle spasm associated with acute musculoskeletal conditions, and usually at doses somewhat greater than those recommended for skeletal muscle spasm, some of the more serious central nervous system reactions noted with the tricyclic antidepressants have occurred (see WARNINGS, below, and ADVERSE REACTIONS). 

Tricyclic antidepressants have been reported to produce arrhythmias, sinus tachycardia, prolongation of the conduction time leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. 

Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride may enhance the effects of alcohol, barbiturates, and other CNS depressants.
Clofarabine is sequentially metabolized intracellularly to the 5’-monophosphate metabolite by deoxycytidine kinase and mono- and di-phospho-kinases to the active 5’-triphosphate metabolite. Clofarabine has affinity for the activating phosphorylating enzyme, deoxycytidine kinase, equal to or greater than that of the natural substrate, deoxycytidine. Clofarabine inhibits DNA synthesis by decreasing cellular deoxynucleotide triphosphate pools through an inhibitory action on ribonucleotide reductase, and by terminating DNA chain elongation and inhibiting repair through incorporation into the DNA chain by competitive inhibition of DNA polymerases. The affinity of clofarabine triphosphate for these enzymes is similar to or greater than that of deoxyadenosine triphosphate. In preclinical models, clofarabine has demonstrated the ability to inhibit DNA repair by incorporation into the DNA chain during the repair process. Clofarabine 5’-triphosphate also disrupts the integrity of mitochondrial membrane, leading to the release of the pro-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins, cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor, leading to programmed cell death.

  


Clofarabine is cytotoxic to rapidly proliferating and quiescent cancer cell types in vitro.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform the improvement, emphasis and modification of fragrance of a perfume or a perfume component by adding a specific compound to the perfume or the perfume component. SOLUTION: This use method of an unsaturated ketone to a perfume, is to perform the improvement, emphasis or modification of a fragrance of the perfume or a perfume component by adding a compound of formula I [broken lines are each single bond or double bond; (n), (m) are each 0, 1; R1 is H, an acyl or the like; R3 is a 1-8C alkyl, an alkylene or the like; R2 is H, a 1-8C alkyl or the like], (preferably a compound of formula II, etc.). In synthesizing the compound of formula II, a base molecule acting as a starting material is 4,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carbaldehyde. After hydrogenating one or two carbon-carbon double bonds in 6C ring, it is converted to a desired compound by introducing a functional group therein. The compound of formula I can also be used in a functional perfume.  It can be used as a soap, a gel agent for the bath or shower, a shampoo, a deodorant, or the like.
FIELD: pharmaceuticals.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of pharmaceuticals, namely to an aqueous ophthalmic pharmaceutical composition and its use for the local treatment of eye pain. The composition contains tramadol or its pharmacologically acceptable salt as the sole active ingredient at a concentration of 0.04% wt. / vol. to 0.07% wt. /vol., expressed as an equivalent concentration of tramadol hydrochloride, an isotonant, a pH-regulating substance, and water as the carrier medium.EFFECT: group of inventions provides a composition with very high efficacy for the local treatment of eye pain with tramadol content in the range of low concentrations of 0.04–0.07% wt. /vol. and in the absence of other active ingredients.13 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex
Acne vulgaris is a chronic and recalcitrant inflammation of pilosebaceous unit that has a high incidence rate in adolescence and even adults. Acne scarring is not an uncommon cosmetic complication which will cause physical and phycological pressure and impair the life quality of patients. It can be divided into two types according to morphology: atrophic and hypertrophic acne scarring. Atrophic acne scarring can be subclassified into boxcar, icepick and rolling scarring due to morphological features. Although a great variety of modalities to treat atrophic acne scarring such as chemical peeling, lasers and light, micro-needling and radiofrequency have emerged, fractional laser (FL) have come out on top. Unlike resurfacing lasers, FL creates three-dimensional, evenly distributed "microscopic thermal zones(MTZs)"on the treating area, which only covering about 3-40% of the skin and leaving the surrounding tissue undamaged and serving as "cell reservoir". Then, the MTZs can be rapidly replaced by keratinocytes in "cell reservoir" within the first 24 hours and by new collagen within 3-6 months. FL can be categoried into fractional ablative laser(FAL) and fractional non-ablative laser(FNAL).

With a wavelength of 2940nm, FEL could be highly absorbed by water-containing tissues of skin and cause superficial epidermis ablation and collagen induction\[4\]. But thermal damage is limited to about 20-50um. FTL has a moderate affinity for water content tissue. Thus, rather than causing epidermis turnover, it keeps the epidermis intact. But it can penetrate deep into 200-300um and stimulate collagen regeneration. Prior studies have shown that both FAL and FNAL were effective in treating acne scarring and the former were more effective while the latter had less side effects. However, in our clinic, we have observed outstanding effect and high satisfaction rate of FTL in improving atrophic acne scarring. Since there was only one clinical trial reported the efficacy and safety of FTL in Asian and no study have made a comparison between FTL and FEL, we designed this prospective, simultaneous spilt-face trial, hoping to provide a new available modality for patients who are intolerable or reluctant to ablative lasers.
This research study aims to implement a mindfulness meditation routine delivered via the smartphone application Headspace to decrease perceived stress and improve well-being, resilience, and mindfulness in student pharmacists. This product is a mobile device application (aka, an app) that teaches users how to meditate through guided exercises. It contains a library of different meditation exercises the user can access from their smartphone or tablet at their own convenience. The use of a smartphone application will allow for convenience to promote adherence with the intervention among participants. The guided meditation sessions will teach participants how to live in the present moment and handle stressful situations that may arise in the future. As a result of this program the investigators expect to see an inverse relationship between mindfulness meditation and perceived stress and direct relationships between mindfulness meditation and well-being and resilience. By learning to incorporate mindfulness meditation into their lives, participating student pharmacists may be able to develop useful tools and effectively combat overwhelming situations they may face in the future.

This study will be conducted in two phases. Participating student pharmacists will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. In Phase 1, Group A will complete four (4) weeks of guided meditation while Group B does not use the application for meditation. Changes in study outcomes will be compared from baseline to the end of the initial intervention period. In Phase 2, Group B will be complete the guided meditation intervention. Group A will continue their usual daily habits. It is possible for some students from Group A may continue to use Headspace or another similar product to continue to incorporate meditation or mindfulness into their daily routine. At the end of Phase 2, the changes in study outcomes will be examined in Group B surrounding their use of the intervention. Outcomes will also be assessed in Group A at the end of Phase 2 to examine whether there are sustained changes in study outcomes and continued usage of meditation or mindfulness practices. All participating student pharmacists will also be invited to participate in one of several focus groups sessions to discuss experiences with the use of the guided meditation application.
All patients in this study were operated by the medical team whose main members were the medical team leader, and all patients underwent anatomic hepatectomy. The main points of anatomic hepatectomy are summarized as follows :(1) determine and mark the boundary of liver segment according to ischemia line or staining. (2) The postoperative liver section should fully expose the iconic veins and vessels. (3) The initial part of Glisson's pedicle of the target liver segment was severed. Tissue was taken from the surgical margins of all patients and sent to frozen sections for examination. Routine pathological examinations were performed on all resected liver after surgery. Postoperative patients were treated with relevant perioperative symptomatic treatment, and blood routine examination, liver function and coagulation function were detected on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day after surgery.
PURPOSE: Although blood loss in microsurgical reconstruction is rarely large enough to be life-threatening, preoperative anemia can be a particular issue in terms of postoperative morbidity, impaired wound healing, and compromised tissue viability. We seek to review the effect of preoperative hemoglobin (Hgb) levels on perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) requirements and complications to guide management of patients with preexisting anemia undergoing reconstruction.
METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were queried for relevant articles. Inclusion criteria were as follows: original studies investigating outcomes and PBT requirements in flap-based reconstruction based on preoperative Hgb levels. Patient and study characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess transfusion requirements across the included studies using Stata (version 18.0 Stata Corp, College Station, Texas, USA). The Fisher method was used to aggregate individual study p values into a single combined value to statistically assess the combined findings, where a p value of < 0.05 was set as statistically significant.
RESULTS: One thousand three hundred and eighty-nine studies were screened for title and abstract relevance, 14 of which met the inclusion criteria, including a total of 61,116 patients. Meta-analysis of the studies revealed a PBT requirement of 36.2% for anemic individuals, significantly higher than the 20.0% for those with normal preoperative Hgb levels (p < 0.001), with an average 4.9 versus 2.4 units of packed red blood cells being transfused (p < 0.001). The majority of studies concluded that preoperative anemia was associated with medical complications, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and infection (p < 0.001). While six studies reported a significant relationship between low preoperative Hgb and flap morbidity (flap loss and partial flap necrosis), two studies found no correlation. The overall postoperative complication rate across the studies was 42.2% among patients with low preoperative Hgb levels, whereas the nonanemic group demonstrated a markedly lower rate of 13.9% (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The existing evidence is strongly suggestive of increased PBT requirement in patients with anemia, highlighting the necessity for preoperative optimization of Hgb levels and intraoperative monitoring. While preliminary evidence demonstrates a relationship between anemia and medical complications, more research is warranted to characterize the specific association between preoperative Hgb levels and flap morbidity.
A visually good surgical field is essential in performing safe and optimal dissection of anatomical structures during Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS). A number of patients referred to VATS-surgery appear with an elevated diaphragm, reducing visibility and complicating safe surgical techniques, thus entailing conversion from VATS into an open Thoracotomy. Some surgeons handle the decreased visibility due to an elevated diaphragm by increasing the amount of ports during VATS. Others have benefited from attaching a traction suture on the diaphragmatic posterior tendinous part, thus flatting the diaphragmatic dome when the suture is tightly retracted through the camera-port. It turns out that most thoracic surgery clinics are not familiar with this technique. There are also no articles regarding this topic in medical literature. We want to investigate if the diaphragmatic traction-suture affects the pleural cavity volume, as well as improves visual overview of a surgical field during minimally invasive thoracic surgery.
BACKGROUND: The skin barrier is vital for protection against environmental threats including insults caused by skin-resident microbes. Dysregulation of this barrier is a hallmark of atopic dermatitis (AD) and ichthyosis, with variable consequences for host immune control of colonizing commensals and opportunistic pathogens. While Malassezia is the most abundant commensal fungus of the skin, little is known about the host control of this fungus in inflammatory skin diseases.
METHODS: In this experimental study, MC903-treated mice were colonized with Malassezia spp. to assess the host-fungal interactions in atopic dermatitis. Additional murine models of AD and ichthyosis, including tape stripping, K5-Nrf2 overexpression and flaky tail mice, were employed to confirm and expand the findings. Skin fungal counts were enumerated. High parameter flow cytometry was used to characterize the antifungal response in the AD-like skin. Structural and functional alterations in the skin barrier were determined by histology and transcriptomics of bulk skin. Finally, differential expression of metabolic genes in Malassezia in atopic and control skin was quantified.
RESULTS: Malassezia grows excessively in AD-like skin. Fungal overgrowth could, however, not be explained by the altered immune status of the atopic skin. Instead, we found that by upregulating key metabolic genes in the altered cutaneous niche, Malassezia acquired enhanced fitness to efficiently colonise the impaired skin barrier.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that structural and metabolic changes in the dysfunctional epidermal barrier environment provide increased accessibility and an altered lipid profile, to which the lipid-dependent yeast adapts for enhanced nutrient assimilation. Our findings reveal fundamental insights into the implication of the mycobiota in the pathogenesis of common skin barrier disorders.
NEW MATERIAL:The monoclonal anti-human apolipoprotein B100 antibody produced by the hybridoma obtained by the fusion of the spleen cell of a mouse immunized with human apolipoprotein B100 with the myeloma cell of mouse, and having the following characteristics. (i) Reactive with apolipoprotein B100 in normal human blood, and nonreactive with apolipoprotein B48; (ii) nonreactive with the lipoprotein in the blood of a patient of normal-triglyceride abetalipoproteinemia; and (iii) reactive with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in normal human blood. USE:Useful for the cleaning of blood, various quantitative or qualitative determinations, clinical remedy or diagnosis of diseases, etc. The human LDL can be determined at a relatively high accuracy. PREPARATION:The plasma collected from the blood of normal person is separated without delay by ultracentrifuging to collect the LDL fraction, from which the micelle composed solely of apo B100 is separated. The micelle is administered to a mouse, the spleen cell of the immunized mouse is extracted, and the objective hybridoma is formed therefrom.
The effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaf powder (MOLP) supplementation on milk somatic cell scores (SCS), plasma inflammation markers, and plasma antioxidants were studied in 18 multiparous Holstein cows, 10 in early lactation (days in milk; DIM < 100) and eight in mid- and late-lactation (DIM ≥ 100). Nine of these 18 cows (5 + 4 individuals for each lactation stage, respectively) were placed in the MO group and fed with MOLP at 0.3% of partial mixed ration (PMR) dry matter (DM) for 3 weeks, while the other nine represented the control group and were not fed any MOLP supplementation. Milk, blood, and rumen fluid samples were collected on weeks 0 and 3. The SCS and plasma acute phase protein (APP) concentrations in the early lactation cows in the control group increased markedly (P < 0.05) and milk yield decreased significantly, resulting in a difference (P < 0.05) between groups at the end of the experiment. In mid- and late-lactation cows, MOLP supplementation did not affect SCS, milk yields, and plasma APP concentrations. Plasma superoxide dismutase levels in the MO group at both lactation stages were higher (P < 0.05) than in the control group. In conclusion, feeding MOLP at 0.3% of PMR DM to dairy cows for 3 weeks controlled the increase in SCS in the early lactation individuals and the subsequent decrease in milk production as a response to inflammation. The results also suggested that MOLP supplementation was responsible for the increase in antioxidant activity during lactation.
Evidence is increasing that in some cases a Hb trigger of 7-8g/dl may be too low and te question arises whether an individualized red cell transfusion strategy may benefit critically ill patients. New studies have shown the potential of protoporphyrin IX-triple state lifetime technique to measure mitochondrial oxygenation tension (mitoPO2) in vivo, which possibly is an early indicator of oxygen disturbance in the cell and therefore a physiological trigger for red cell transfusion. The goals are: 1. Determining the feasibility of using mitoPO2 and the variability of mitoPO2 measurements in critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients before and after receiving a red cell transfusion 2. Describing the effects of red cell transfusion and the associated change in \[Hb\] on mitoPO2 and on other physiologic measures of tissue oxygenation and oxygen balance 3. Describing the association between mitoPO2 and vital organ functions. Included patients will undergo red cell transfusion as planned. However, red cell transfusion will be delayed by 2 hours. At multiple predefined moments data collection including blood samples and measurements of mitoPO2 will take place.

The results of this study cannot be immediately translated to clinical practice. Using these results, the investigators will design a phase 2 diagnostic study, most probably a randomized clinical trial that will yield applied knowledge with respect to personalizing red cell transfusion. Application will be in ICU patients with anaemia who might or might not profit from red cell transfusions. It will lead to a reduction of both over- and under- transfusion.
AIMS: The value of the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) in assessing adverse outcomes in various cardiovascular diseases has been extensively discussed. This study aims to evaluate the predictive value and risk stratification ability of SII for 30 day mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).
METHODS: This analysis included 1452 patients hospitalized for ADHF, all the participants being part of the China Jiangxi-acute decompensated heart failure1 project. The risk stratification capability of the SII in patients with ADHF, as well as its correlation with the 30 day mortality risk among ADHF patients, was evaluated utilizing Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox regression models. A restricted cubic spline was employed to model the dose-response relationship between the two, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was utilized to assess the predictive ability of SII for 30 day mortality.
RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the risk of mortality in the high SII group (SII ≥ 980 × 109/L) was significantly greater than that in the low SII group (SII < 980 × 109/L, log-rank P < 0.001). After adjusting for various confounding factors, a higher SII was associated with an increased risk of 30 day mortality in ADHF patients [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34-3.08]. Further restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a non-linear dose-response relationship between the two (P for non-linear = 0.006). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that SII had a high accuracy in predicting 30 day mortality events in ADHF patients (AUC = 0.7479), and the optimal predictive threshold was calculated to be 980 × 109/L, a sensitivity of 0.7547 and a specificity of 0.7234.
CONCLUSIONS: This study found a significant positive association between SII and 30 day all-cause mortality in ADHF patients. We determined the SII cut-off point for predicting 30 day all-cause mortality in patients with ADHF to be 980 × 109/L.