anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Ankle fractures are one of the most common traumatic injuries an orthopedic surgeon encounters during their clinical practice, Hence looking into the best management of them and conducting extensive research to determine the best methods of their fixation would be justifiable. Malleolar fractures and in particular medial malleolar involve the articular surface of the ankle joint and hence a displacement beyond \> 2mm requires careful anatomical restoration through open reduction and internal fixation. The medial malleolus is characterized with it's porous cancellous bone, and hence a lack of a secure fixation method is a major issue and is responsible for post-operative complication and delayed healing. The AO recommends fixation of these fractures with 4mm partially threaded lag screws. Some studies have arisen that may challenge this AO philosophy and raise the question if this actually is the best choice of treatment for medial malleolar fractures. The problem with lag screws is that they have a higher chance of unravelling. and other studies have shown that constructs fixated with fully threaded screws provide higher stability and provides higher shear resistanceand a higher pull-out strength. The other alternative to using a partially threaded lag screw would be a fully threaded lag screw of virtually the same length however it would act as a positional screw and hence the fracture displacement must be perfectly reduced with bone reduction forceps before inserting the fully threaded screws to achieve their property as positional screws.

A study conducted by parker et al. comparing the use of partially threaded and positional(fully threaded) screws of the same length found that compression force was in favor of the fully threaded screws. This could be due to threads of the fully threaded screws obtaining purchase in the dense physeal scar area while in the partially threaded screw, the threads bypass this physeal scar. Despite all this evidence and the widespread of this fracture among the population, the number of studies comparing lag vs positional screws in medial malleolar fractures is scarce and to our knowledge as of the time of the submission of this study, only a single study was made by Sayyed-Hosseinian et al., was performed as a pilot study comparing both fixation methods, due to the relatively small sample size , it indicates that further clinical trials are necessary to reach a reliable conclusion. The conduction of a clinical trial with a proper sample size should be done to assess if lag screws are actually a superior method to be considered the main recommendation, as the AO suggests, to treat medial malleolar fractures or if alternatively, positional screws are better, as some biomechanical tests mentioned prior have shown. This study will compare both methods to decide the superior fixation method in terms of achieving a better and faster quality of life post-surgery and and the least risk for potential complication for medial malleolar fractures by obtaining the AOFAS, MOXFQ and OMAS scores and comparing complications in both study groups.
516,513. Food preparations; medicines; cocoa. WELLS, E. E., and ROWNTREE & CO., Ltd. March 22, 1938, Nos. 8834 and 8835. Drawings to Specification. [Classes 49, 81 (i) and 129] . One of a combination of ingredients, which is to be converted into food or medicine by the addition of a hot liquid, is dispersed or enclosed in an insulating agent which prevents the insulated ingredient from being decomposed or allowed to react with another ingredient as a result of the heat of the liquid while the liquid is hottest. Water-soluble materials, such as sugar, gelatine or gum or water-soluble materials such as fats, waxes, varnish or gelatine made insoluble by treatment with formaldehyde may be used as insulating agents. An envelope of rice paper may be used as an insulating agent. The invention is applicable in connection with table jellies or meat cubes containing laevoascorbic acid, known as vitamin C. Thus vitamin C, mixed in dry-form with -sugar or starch or with a binding agent such as stearic acid, may be formed into tablets or coated with gelatine, gelatine sugar or other insulator, and the tablets inserted into jelly liquor after the latter has been poured into the moulds. A granulated mixture of vitamin C with small quantities of gum arabic, French chalk, and liquid paraffin for use in tablet form is described. Gelatine capsules containing vitamin C in solution may be used. Specification 490,001 is referred to. Provisional Specifications state that vitamin C insulated in gelatine may be added to cocoa powder, malted milk powder or dried milk powder.
Arthroscopic shoulder surgery is increasingly performed on a daycase basis. Optimal pain relief is the goal as this not only improves patient comfort and allows expedient discharge from hospital, but also reduces the risk of developing postoperative chronic pain and may improve surgical outcome. However, optimal postoperative pain control in daycase surgery remains a challenge. There is considerable variation in the level of postoperative pain experienced between individuals and subsequent analgesia requirements. Previous studies have attempted to predict the level of postoperative pain an individual will experience, using a variety of complex preoperative pain and psychological assessments. Other investigators have focused on a simpler approach, by testing an individual's pain threshold to a single preoperative nociceptive (painful) stimulus, e.g. heat or pressure. Recent work has produced a simple questionnaire alternative to pain intensity testing, the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ). We hypothesise that a patient's pain sensitivity preoperatively may both affect the level of pain they experience postoperatively and their final surgical outcome.

The aim of our study is to correlate a patient's pain sensitivity, as measured by the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire, with the degree of acute postoperative pain (first 4 days) they experience and subsequent surgical outcome at 6 months.
Vancomycin is poorly absorbed after oral administration.

In subjects with normal kidney function, multiple intravenous dosing of 1 g of vancomycin (15 mg/kg) infused over 60 minutes produces mean plasma concentrations of approximately 63 mcg/mL immediately after the completion of infusion, mean plasma concentrations of approximately 23 mcg/mL 2 hours after infusion, and mean plasma concentrations of approximately 8 mcg/mL 11 hours after the end of the infusion. Multiple dosing of 500 mg infused over 30 minutes produces mean plasma concentrations of about 49 mcg/mL at the completion of infusion, mean plasma concentrations of about 19 mcg/mL 2 hours after infusion, and mean plasma concentrations of about 10 mcg/mL 6 hours after infusion. The plasma concentrations during multiple dosing are similar to those after a single dose.

The mean elimination half-life of vancomycin from plasma is 4 to 6 hours in subjects with normal renal function. In the first 24 hours, about 75% of an administered dose of vancomycin is excreted in urine by glomerular filtration. Mean plasma clearance is about 0.058 L/kg/h, and mean renal clearance is about 0.048 L/kg/h. Renal dysfunction slows excretion of vancomycin. In anephric patients, the average half-life of elimination is 7.5 days. The distribution coefficient is from 0.3 to 0.43 L/kg. There is no apparent metabolism of the drug. About 60% of an intraperitoneal dose of vancomycin administered during peritoneal dialysis is absorbed systemically in 6 hours. Serum concentrations of about 10 mcg/mL are achieved by intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg of vancomycin. However, the safety and efficacy of the intraperitoneal use of vancomycin has not been established in adequate and well-controlled trials (see PRECAUTIONS).

Total systemic and renal clearance of vancomycin may be reduced in the elderly. Vancomycin is approximately 55% serum protein bound as measured by ultrafiltration at vancomycin serum concentrations of 10 to 100 mcg/mL. After IV administration of vancomycin, inhibitory concentrations are present in pleural, pericardial, ascitic, and synovial fluids; in urine; in peritoneal dialysis fluid; and in atrial appendage tissue. Vancomycin does not readily diffuse across normal meninges into the spinal fluid; but, when the meninges are inflamed, penetration into the spinal fluid occurs.
A system and method for tracking dispensed and returned narcotics is provided. The method may include receiving a selection of a narcotic bag associated with a narcotic bag electronic record. The method may include retrieving narcotic bag case data from the narcotic bag electronic record associated with the selected narcotic bag. The method may include retrieving an anesthesia narcotic record from electronically stored medical records. The method may include automatically determining expected narcotics to be returned based on the narcotic bag case data and the anesthesia narcotic record. The method may include receiving an indication of actual narcotics returned. The method may include automatically determining whether a discrepancy exists based on the expected narcotics to be returned and the actual narcotics returned. The method may include modifying the narcotic bag electronic record to include at least one of the actual narcotics returned and a discrepancy indicator.
Relationships are a high-risk setting for HIV-infection. This trial aimed at testing the efficacy of an online theory-based tailored intervention for preparing single MSM to practice safe sex with future steady partners-labeling it the 'cognitive vaccine approach'.

The target was the promotion of negotiated safety (NS): steady partners testing for HIV and reaching agreements to either be monogamous or to only have safe sex outside the relationship in order to have safe unprotected anal intercourse with each other. The intervention content was based on the information, motivation, behavioral-skills model and the intervention was tailored according to knowledge, motivation, and skill-related deficiencies of each participant. Condom use was promoted as the default alternative for NS. Using an online randomized controlled trial we examined the effects of a tailored versus non-tailored version of the intervention. The cognitive effect (i.e. response efficacy, intentions, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) was measured directly after the intervention and, after 6-months, the behavioral effect (i.e. NS and condom use) via e-mail follow-up.
PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the precision of vacuum cup placement is associated with failed vacuum extraction(VE), neonatal subgaleal hemorrhage(SGH) and other VE-related birth trauma.
METHODS: All women with singleton term cephalic fetuses with attempted VE were recruited over a period of 30 months. Neonates were examined immediately after birth and the position of the chignon documented to decide whether the cup position was flexing median or suboptimal. Vigilant neonatal surveillance was performed to look for VE-related trauma, including subgaleal/subdural hemorrhages, skull fractures, scalp lacerations. CT scans of the brain were ordered liberally as clinically indicated.
RESULTS: The VE rate was 5.89% in the study period. There were 17(4.9%) failures among 345 attempted VEs. Thirty babies suffered from subgaleal/subdural hemorrhages, skull fractures, scalp lacerations or a combination of these, giving an incidence of VE-related birth trauma of 8.7%. Suboptimal cup positions occurred in 31.6%. Logistic regression analysis showed that failed VE was associated with a non-occipital anterior fetal head position (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.22-10.2), suboptimal vacuum cup placement (OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.38-12.2) and a longer duration of traction (OR 8.79, 95% CI 2.13-36.2); while, VE-related birth trauma was associated with failed VE (OR 3.93, 95% CI 1.08-14.3) and more pulls (OR 4.07, 95% CI 1.98-8.36).
CONCLUSION: Suboptimal vacuum cup positions were related to failed VE but not to SGH and other vacuum-related birth trauma. While optimal flexed median cup positions should be most desirable mechanically to effect delivery, such a position does not guarantee prevention of SGH.
Pain in the work appears as a subjective experience of interaction, involving a wide individual influences physiological, psychosocial and environmental factors, representing a major clinical signs of this phase. Despite presenting an important biological function, is now well established the need for their relief, since its persistence is associated with detrimental effects for both mother and fetus. Among non-pharmacological resources available, the investigators highlight the massage therapy that has shown positive effects in relieving pain and promote comfort of the mother. The objective of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for pain relief in the early active phase of labor. The research will be of type randomized controlled trial, consisting of low-risk nulliparous pregnant women admitted to the Reference Center for Women's Health in Ribeirão Preto. Mothers will be divided into two groups (lumbosacral massage) and control (routine maternity) and will be evaluated before and after therapy, which corresponds to 30 minutes between 4-5 cm of cervical dilation. The evaluation will be performed by numerical category scale, location and Pain Diagram McGll Pain Questionnaire (short form). After the delivery will be a questionnaire of customer satisfaction. After collecting the data, the groups are statistically analyzed using the linear regression model with mixed effects (fixed and random), taking into account a value of p \<0.05 for statistical significance of 5%.
Oxazolidinones, such as tedizolid and linezolid, are bacteriostatic antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis. Based on the findings from animal studies and their mechanism of action, these antibiotics are considered for managing toxic shock caused by clindamycin-resistant Group A Streptococcus (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes). However, clinical reports on their usage in such cases are limited. Herein, we report a case of a 67-year-old woman with chronic myeloid leukemia who presented with fever, facial swelling, and myalgia. She was diagnosed with cellulitis and empirically treated with meropenem. Blood culture later revealed GAS, and she was diagnosed with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. The antibiotic regimen was adjusted based on sensitivity results, with clindamycin initially replaced by linezolid and later switched to tedizolid owing to concerns about potential bone marrow suppression. Her condition improved, and she was discharged 15 days after admission. Therefore, tedizolid may be a safer option for managing toxic shock syndrome in patients with comorbidities that include thrombocytopenia.
PURPOSE: To obtain a capsule having excellent thermostability and high storage stability, by using a straight-chain β-1,3-glucan or a substance containing it as a film-forming base of the capsule. CONSTITUTION: This capsule comprises a straight-chain β-1,3-gulcan alone or the straight-chain β-1,3-gulcan and gelatin as a film-forming base. The capsule is coated with a film comprising the straight-chain β-1,3-gulcan or coated with a film containing the straight-chain β-1,3-gulcan. The capsule is usable in the field of medicine, food, cosmetic and health food. The straight-chain β-1,3-gulcan is a gelatinizing agent having a high thermal coagulating properties and produces a hard gel having high heat resistance and a degree of extremely low solubility when heated to a high temperature of >=80 deg.C. Consequently, since the straight-chain β-1,3-gulcan is used as a coating film for a capsule or for coating a capsule, thermostability in capsule processing is improved and wax requiring heating in the processing can be used as contents.
Participants in the control group will receive no study content during the 4 week intervention period. They will receive access to intervention content (text messages, audio files) after completing end-of-treatment surveys 4 weeks after randomization.
The comparative group performed a continuous aerobic training \[CAT\] for 10 weeks, twice a week and 40 minutes per session \[volume and frequency is equal to HIIT\]. The protocol of the CAT group consisted of warming up \[stretching of the large muscle groups and cardiovascular exercises at 30% of peak cycling power output for five minutes\], continuous aerobic exercise training \[3 times 10 minutes\] and cooling down \[stretching of the large muscle groups and cardiovascular exercises at 30% of peak cycling power output for five minutes\]. During the continuous aerobic protocol \[cycling or stepping\] participants exercised for 10 minutes at a HR similar to the HR at VT \[60 r/min\], which was increased to 110% of VT from week 6 onwards.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2), a common environmental and industrial air pollutant, possesses a potent effect in eliciting cough reflex, but the primary type of airway sensory receptors involved in its tussive action has not been clearly identified. This study was carried out to determine the relative roles of three major types of vagal bronchopulmonary afferents [slowly adapting receptors (SARs), rapidly adapting receptors (RARs), and C-fibers] in regulating the cough response to inhaled SO2. Our results showed that inhalation of SO2 (300 or 600 ppm for 8 min) evoked an abrupt and intense stimulatory effect on bronchopulmonary C-fibers, which continued for the entire duration of inhalation challenge and returned toward the baseline in 1-2 min after resuming room air-breathing in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated mice. In stark contrast, the same SO2 inhalation challenge generated a distinct and consistent inhibitory effect on both SARs and phasic RARs; their phasic discharges synchronized with respiratory cycles during the baseline (breathing room air) began to decline progressively within 1-3 min after the onset of SO2 inhalation, ceased completely before termination of the 8-min inhalation challenge, and then slowly returned toward the baseline after >40 min. In a parallel study in awake mice, inhalation of SO2 at the same concentration and duration as that in the nerve recording experiments evoked cough responses in a pattern and time course similar to that observed in the C-fiber responses. Based on these results, we concluded that stimulation of vagal bronchopulmonary C-fibers is primarily responsible for triggering the cough response to inhaled SO2.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrated that inhalation of a high concentration of sulfur dioxide, an irritant gas and common air pollutant, completely and reversibly inhibited the neural activities of both slowly adapting receptor and rapidly adapting receptor, two major types of mechanoreceptors in the lungs with their activities conducted by myelinated fibers. Furthermore, the results of this study suggested that stimulation of vagal bronchopulmonary C-fibers is primarily responsible for triggering the cough reflex responses to inhaled sulfur dioxide.
A health exposure sensor system includes a housing, a monitoring platform in the housing, and a power source. The monitoring platform includes at least one modular gas sensor, a circuit board having a microcontroller, and data ports for connecting the modular gas sensor to the circuit board. The housing includes manifolds to direct atmospheric air to the modular gas sensor. The modular gas sensor includes a gas detector and a gas sensor circuit board having a gas sensor microcontroller. The gas sensor microcontroller includes at least one on-chip universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter peripheral and at least one on-chip USB peripheral, where both peripherals include input/output functionality and are connected to a single data port interface for external communication. An associated method of operating the same includes selectively enabling individually either the UART peripheral or the USB peripheral via digital I/O configuration of the microcontroller.
OBJECTIVE: Liver derangement underlies the development of metabolic syndrome in perimenopause. Previously, we have observed that durva swaras (DS) improved metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and abnormal liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) along with other complications of menopause in ovariectomized rats. We aimed to decipher the hepatoprotective mechanisms of DS in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury model, which is analogous to the pathophysiology of MAFLD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Swiss albino mice were distributed into three groups at random. Group I (Control) was administered with vehicle (distilled water) for 7 days. Group II (APAP) received vehicle for the first 6 days and APAP (350 mg/kg - single dose) on the 7th day. Group III (APAP + D) received test compound DS (quality complied) at a dose of 133 mg/kg for 6 days and APAP (350 mg/kg - single dose) on the 7th day. Subsequently, blood and liver tissues were subjected to biochemical, ultrastructural, and gene expression analysis.
RESULTS: DS pretreatment protected the liver from APAP-induced disruption of sinusoids and necrosis. DS prevented the elevation of liver enzymes - AST and ALT induced by APAP. Importantly, DS inhibited the APAP-elicited increase in messenger ribonucleic acid levels of hepatic nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin-1 beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Moreover, DS activated gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and liver-X-receptor-alpha (LXR-α) to combat the liver damage.
CONCLUSION: DS hinders APAP-induced liver damage by activating LXR-α and inhibiting the NF-κB-associated pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. These observations confirm the protective role of DS in metabolic dysfunction-associated liver conditions.
BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence has shown that hypoxia is a biomarker of tumor proliferation and metastasis. This research aimed to identify a hypoxia-associated gene prognostic index (HAGPI) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and based on HAGPI-defined subgroups to predict prognosis and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy.
METHODS: RNA-sequencing transcriptomic data for patients with HNSCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed to select hypoxia-related hub genes. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses were used to identify hub genes to develop the HAGPI. Afterward expression data were imported into CIBERSORT to evaluate the relative proportion of 22 immune cells and compared the relative proportions of immune cells between the 2 HAGPI subgroups. The relationship between immunopheno score (IPS) and HAGPI was validated for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) response in TCGA cohorts.
RESULTS: The HAGPI was constructed based on HS3ST1, HK1, PGK1, STC2, SERPINE1, PKLR genes. In high-HAGPI patients, the primary and secondary endpoint events in TCGA and GEO cohorts were significantly lower than low-HAGPI groups (P < .05). HAGPI-high patients exhibited a poorer prognosis than HAGPI-low patients did. The abundance of M2 macrophages and NK cell were significantly enhanced in the high-HAGPI while T cells regulatory and T cells CD8, were markedly elevated in the low-HAGPI. Meanwhile, patients in the low-HAGPI patients had higher levels of immunosuppressant expression and less aggressive phenotypes. Furthermore, IPS analysis showed that the low-HAGPI group with higher IPS represented a more immunogenic phenotype.
CONCLUSION: The current study developed and verified a HAPGI model that can be considered as an independent prognostic biomarker and elucidated the tumor immune microenvironment of HNSCC.