anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Microplastics (MPs) are environmental contaminants that are present in all environments and can enter the human body, accumulate in various organs, and cause harm through the ingestion of food, inhalation, and dermal contact. The connection between bowel and liver disease and the interplay between gut, liver, and flora has been conceptualized as the "gut-liver axis". Microplastics can alter the structure of microbial communities in the gut and the liver can also be a target for microplastic invasion. Numerous studies have found that when MPs impair human health, they not only promote dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and disruption of the gut barrier but also cause liver damage. For this reason, the gut-liver axis provides a new perspective in understanding this toxic response. The cross-talk between MPs and the gut-liver axis has attracted the attention of the scientific community, but knowledge about whether MPs cause gut-liver interactions through the gut-liver axis is still very limited, and the effect of MPs on liver injury is not well understood. MPs can directly induce microbiota disorders and gut barrier dysfunction. As a result, harmful bacteria and metabolites in the gut enter the blood through the weak intestinal barrier (portal vein channel along the gut-liver axis) and reach the liver, causing liver damage (inflammatory damage, metabolic disorders, oxidative stress, etc.). This review provides an integrated perspective of the gut-liver axis to help conceptualize the mechanisms by which MP exposure induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and hepatic injury and highlights the connection between MPs and the gut-liver axis. Therefore, from the perspective of the gut-liver axis, targeting intestinal flora is an important way to eliminate microplastic liver damage.
The present invention relates to antithyroid cream for external application. The antithyroid cream is oil-in-water type cream composed of an antithyroid drug, a drug penetration promoting agent, other oiliness ground substances and aquosity ground substances. During the use, the antithyroid cream is directly and externally applied on the skin of an anterior thyroid region. The antithyroid cream directly penetrates the skin and enters thyroid to treat hyperthyroidism disease symptom through the drug. The present invention has the advantages of small drug use dosage, quick therapeutic effect, no drug side effect on the whole body of a human body, and safe use. The hyperthyroidism disease symptom is treated with the drug and the method of the present invention. The repeated incidence rate and the relapse rate of hyperthyroidism are low, the therapeutic effect of the hyperthyroidism is improved, and the pain of a patient is lightened. The drug has the advantages of simple production technology and sufficient raw material, has obvious social benefit and certain economic benefit and is worth popularizing and using.
This is an exploratory study of healthy children and adults who are given either standard trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) or live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). There are no exclusions for gender, ethnicity or race. Following confirmation of written informed consent, baseline blood samples will be drawn from all study participants prior to immunization. The volunteers enrolled in any the three groups (A,B,C) cannot have been immunized with previous year's seasonal influenza vaccine. The identical twins in Groups A will be randomized to each receive a different vaccine (TIV or LAIV) than their twin. The non-twin children in Group B will also be randomly assigned to receive either TIV or LAIV. Non-twin elderly adults in Group C will be given standard TIV. All participants will receive a single dose of their assigned influenza vaccine, either by intramuscular (IM) injection (TIV) or intranasal application (LAIV).
Patients receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients showing treatment response after 4 weeks receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes on day 1, then undergo surgery at week 9. Those without a treatment response after 4 weeks undergo surgery within 7 days.
Participants will receive 2.5 mg/kg frozen liquid belantamab mafodotin. Participants will be administered with frozen liquid belantamab mafodotin via infusion pump every 3 weeks.
Patients receive molibresib besylate PO QD on days 1-21. Cycles repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients who experience disease progression may receive molibresib besylate, etoposide phosphate and cisplatin as in Phase I and II Cohort at the discretion of the principal investigator.
On Day 1 of the Maintenance period, participants who successfully completed the Induction period, were randomized to receive CAB and ABC/3TC QD for 96 weeks. Eligible participants had the option to continue study participation in Extension Period by switching to an optimized IM CAB LA+ RPV LA regimen of their choice (Q8W or Q4W).
FIELD: organic chemistry, medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazolone of the formula (I)   where A means linear linkage or -CH 2 O-; B means linear linkage or oxygen atom; D means -(CH 2 ) n - or -CH 2 CHOHCH 2 -; n is whole number from 1 to 4; R means -NR 1 R 2  or -NR 1 R 2 R 3 X where X is an anti-ion; each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3  means independently hydrogen atom or C 1-4 -alkyl. Invention relates also to their pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates. Invention provides also pharmaceutical composition and method of treatment or protection against disturbances mediated by opening potassium channels activated by calcium. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2(3H)-ones are useful for treatment of disorders in humans arising as result of polarization dysfunction and cellular membrane conductivity and their application is preferable for treatment of ischemia and hemorrhage. EFFECT: improved and valuable medicinal properties of compounds. 16 cl, 17 ex
Subjects will be exposed to 0.2 ppm ozone for 3 hours at the first exposure visit and clean air for 3 hours at the second exposure visit. The visits will be at least 2 weeks apart.
Intervention: GSK2118436 (dabrafenib) 150mg by mouth twice per day for 28 days, continued to day 42 if the Day 25 Iodine-131 scan shows new uptake. Patients with new Iodine-131 uptake on Day 25 who continue dabrafenib to day 42 receive a treatment dose (150 mCi) of Iodine-131 on Day 37.
Provided is a pharmaceutical composition that is for prevention or treatment of urinary tract organ cancer, causes no adverse side effects, can be continuously used for a long time, and is administered to the urinary tract organ by injection into the urinary tract organ cavity. A solution for injection into the urinary tract organ cavity contains D-allose. The inside of the urinary tract organ cavity is the inside of the upper urinary tract and the inside of the bladder. The solution is for injection therapy into the urinary tract organ cavity. The solution uses enhancement of sugar uptake into cancer cells of the urinary tract organ (for example, RT112, 253J, J82) by D-allose. The solution contains D-allose together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. The solution is a pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment of urinary tract organ cancer.
BACKGROUND: Bleomycin, a potent antitumor agent, is limited in clinical use due to the potential for fatal pulmonary toxicity. The accelerated DNA damage and senescence in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is considered a key factor in the development of lung pathology. Understanding the mechanisms for bleomycin-induced lung injury is crucial for mitigating its adverse effects.
METHODS: Human lung epithelial (A549) cells were exposed to bleomycin and subsequently assessed for cellular senescence, DNA damage, and double-strand break (DSB) repair. The impact of Rad51 overexpression on DSB repair and senescence in AECs was evaluated in vitro. Additionally, bleomycin was intratracheally administered in C57BL/6 mice to establish a pulmonary fibrosis model.
RESULTS: Bleomycin exposure induced dose- and time-dependent accumulation of senescence hallmarks and DNA lesions in AECs. These effects are probably due to the inhibition of Rad51 expression, consequently suppressing homologous recombination (HR) repair. Mechanistic studies revealed that bleomycin-mediated transcriptional inhibition of Rad51 might primarily result from E2F1 depletion. Furthermore, the genetic supplement of Rad51 substantially mitigated bleomycin-mediated effects on DSB repair and senescence in AECs. Notably, decreased Rad51 expression was also observed in the bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model.
CONCLUSIONS: Our works suggest that the inhibition of Rad51 plays a pivotal role in bleomycin-induced AECs senescence and lung injury, offering potential strategies to alleviate the pulmonary toxicity of bleomycin.
The current study is a secondary, observational investigation of data from The Motor Skills in PreSchool (MIPS) study. The MIPS study was initiated in 2016 and included preschool children (3-6 years of age) attending public preschools in the Municipality of Svendborg, in Denmark. A subset of the preschools included an intervention component, whose aim was optimization of motor skills. In this study, the children's screen media use was assessed via questionnaire and physical activity was assessed using two Axivity AX3 (Axivity Ltd., Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom) triaxial accelerometers - one placed at the hip and one at the lower back - at both baseline and at 18-month follow-up. Time spent in distinct activity types (sitting, moving, standing, biking, running, walking, and lying down) are determined from the acceleration measured with the thigh worn device. In addition, data on relevant covariates was also collected. Having data on both exposure and outcome at baseline and follow-up renders detailed longitudinal assessments possible. Furthermore, daily schedule (proxy based on reporting by parents and pedagogical personnel) information on the children introduces the possibility of domain-specific analyses of physical activity, as we can time annotate the data into different sections of the children's daily routine.
OBJECTIVES: Postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) is characterised by deficits in attention, memory, executive function, and information processing that persist beyond the early postoperative period. Its incidence ranges from 10%-25% after noncardiac surgery. Limited literature exists on POCD after gynecologic oncology surgery. Our primary objective was to identify the incidence of POCD among patients 55 years or older undergoing major gynecologic oncology surgery.
METHODS: This mixed-methods, prospective, observational cohort study followed patients 55 years or older who underwent surgery for gynecologic malignancies between February and July 2022. Semi-structured interviews and the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) were administered before surgery as well as 1 and 3 months after. Assessments were delivered virtually and in-person in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. POCD was defined as ≥2-point decline from baseline MMSE score.
RESULTS: Twenty-four patients participated; 19 completed the 1-month follow-up, and 15 completed the 3-month follow-up. The average age was 64 (range: 56-90). The mean preoperative MMSE score was 16.6 out of 17 (virtual) and 12.9 out of 13 (in-person). Two patients had a 1-point decline in their 1-month MMSE score; both recovered by 3 months. One patient had a 1-point decline in their 3-month MMSE score. Semi-structured interviews revealed common themes of "brain fog" at the 1-month follow-up and mild, persistent attention and word-finding deficits at 3 months postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS: This study's qualitative component captured subtle subjective findings suggestive of potential POCD. Larger studies are required, and a more extensive neuropsychological test battery may be required to elicit subtle findings not clearly reflected by MMSE scores.
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to describe rates of general and pain-related psychological distress for individuals with low back pain (LBP) in the Military Health System (MHS). We identified common phenotypes defined by rates of general and pain-related psychological distress and compared phenotypes on their level of pain interference, physical function, anxiety, and depression.
METHODS: We created a cohort from two completed trials assessing nonpharmacological treatment for LBP in the MHS (n = 510 total). The Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome Yellow Flag assessment tool identified the presence of 11 different yellow flags. Latent class analysis (LCA) used yellow flag indicators to identify common psychological phenotypes. We then compared Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems measures of pain interference, physical function, sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety across phenotypes.
RESULTS: LCA identified five phenotypes (percentage of the sample): low distress (32%), high distress (27%), poor pain coping and low self-efficacy (18%), low self-efficacy and acceptance (14%), and poor pain coping (10%). Highly distressed phenotypes reported higher levels of pain interference, sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety than those with other phenotypes, whereas the low distress phenotype had significantly lower pain interference and higher physical function scores than those characterized by all other phenotypes.
CONCLUSION: These phenotypes provide opportunities for clinicians and researchers to develop novel LBP treatment pathways tailored to patients with different profiles of psychological distress. Future work is needed to validate their predictive capabilities for clinical outcomes.
A procalcitonin order bundle will be created for admitted patients with pneumonia. This prepopulated bundle includes an initial and 24 hour procalcitonin level. These patients will receive treatment for their pneumonia as is deemed appropriate by their care teams, both in the Emergency Department and while an inpatient. Then, after discharge, the 30 day mortality, length of stay, choice of antibiotic therapy, and qSOFA score (which will be retroactively calculated) will be compared to the patient's initial and 24 hour procalcitonin level.
Recent reports have shown the feasibility of measuring biological age from DNA methylation levels in blood cells from specific regions identified by machine learning, collectively known as the epigenetic clock or DNA methylation clock. While extensive research has explored the association of the DNA methylation clock with cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease, its relationship with kidney diseases remains largely unexplored. In particular, it is unclear whether the DNA methylation clock could serve as a predictor of worsening kidney function. In this pilot study involving 20 subjects, we investigated the association between the DNA methylation clock and subsequent deterioration of renal function. Additionally, we noninvasively evaluated DNA damage in urinary shedding cells using a previously reported method to examine the correlation with the DNA methylation clock and worsening kidney function. Our findings revealed that patients with an accelerated DNA methylation clock exhibited increased DNA damage in urinary shedding cells, along with a higher rate of eGFR decline. Moreover, in cases of advanced CKD (G4-5), the DNA damage in urinary shedding cells was significantly increased, highlighting the interplay between elevated DNA damage and eGFR decline. This study suggests the potential role of the DNA methylation clock and urinary DNA damage as predictive markers for the progression of chronic kidney disease.
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves taking samples from nasal passage divisions beginning from the distal one of each nasal passage, taking smears from tonsils and throat. Bacteriological examination of the samples is carried out. Staphylococcus aureus carriage being proved, full- scale treatment of nasal passages, tonsils and pharynx is to be undertaken by administering 2% Bactroban nasal ointment (monotherapy). Ointment is administered 2-3 times a day during 5-8 days under clinical bacteriological control. Antibiotics active with respect to St. aureus are also administered as antibacterial means. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment; stable remission. 3 cl
The invention is lidocaine, or a salt thereof, for use in the treatment of COVID-19, an autoimmune disease, or a condition in which an immune response causes a cytokine storm. It may also be used to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or an autoimmune disease. The autoimmune disease may be scleroderma, dermatomyositis, Parkinson’s, or psoriasis. The lidocaine/lignocaine/xylocaine/ztlido may be formulated for oromucosal or sublingual delivery. It may target the lymphatic system. The unit dose of lidocaine may be from 40-100 mg. Also claimed is a pharmaceutical formulation comprising lidocaine formulated to facilitate uptake by the lymphatic system. The formulation may comprise 60-100 mg of lidocaine in a unit dose with a volume of less than 0.5 ml. Also claimed is a method of treating a subject with COVID-19, autoimmune disease, or a cytokine storm, comprising administering lidocaine targeted to the lymphatic system. The advantage of the invention is that the lidocaine targets the P2X7 receptor, which is involved in an inflammatory response and subsequent cytokine storm. The invention provides a composition and method of administering an effective dose of lidocaine via an oromucosal or sublingual route to target and inhibit/block P2X7 receptors without causing toxicity.
OBJECTIVE: There is a lack of consensus in defining "significant weight loss" when diagnosing atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN) and no guidelines exist for setting target weight (TW). The current study aimed to identify community providers' practices related to the diagnosis of atypical AN and the determination of TW. A secondary aim was to evaluate whether professional discipline impacted "significant weight loss" definitions.
METHOD: A variety of providers (N = 141; 96.4% female) completed an online survey pertaining to diagnostic and treatment practices with atypical AN. Descriptive statistics were computed to characterize provider-based practices and Fisher's exact tests were used to test for differences in diagnostic practices by professional discipline. Thematic analysis was used to examine open-ended questions.
RESULTS: Most (63.97%) providers diagnosed atypical AN in the absence of any weight loss if other AN criteria were met, but doctoral-level psychologists and medical professionals were less likely to do so compared to nutritional or other mental health professionals. Most providers found weight gain was only sometimes necessary for atypical AN recovery. Qualitative responses revealed providers found atypical AN to be a stigmatizing label that was not taken seriously. Providers preferred to use an individualized approach focused on behaviors, rather than weight when diagnosing and treating atypical AN.
DISCUSSION: Lack of diagnostic clarity and concrete treatment guidelines for atypical AN may result in substantial deviations from the DSM-5-TR criteria in real-world practice. Clinically useful diagnostic definitions for restrictive eating disorders and evidence-based treatment guidelines for TW and/or other relevant recovery metrics are needed.
PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: The current study found variability in how community providers diagnose and determine target recovery weight for atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN). Many providers viewed the diagnosis of atypical AN as stigmatizing and preferred to focus on behaviors, rather than weight. This study underscores the importance of creating a clinically useful diagnostic definition and guidelines for recovery for atypical AN backed by empirical evidence that providers may implement in practice.
OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most widespread infection that affects women's reproductive system. HPV is a serious concern to women's health, as it has a negative impact on women's quality of life. Approximately 70% of all occurrences of cervical cancer globally are caused by HPV strains 16 and 18. A few studies have found that HPV vaccinations play a significant role in protecting women against HPV infections. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine and to examine the influence of this vaccine on women's health.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: EBSCO, PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ProQuest were selected as electronic databases for systematic research. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies published in English from January 2019 to August 2023, evaluating the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in women aged 18-76 years globally. This review included different types of studies, including cross-sectional, retrospective cohort, original randomized controlled trials, and prospective studies. Moreover, the included studies were evaluated using the Jonna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodological quality checklist tool. Two reviewers assessed the methodological quality of all studies using JBI guidelines.
RESULTS: The search identified 11,095 articles, 19 of which were included in this review. Significant findings were found regarding the relationship between HPV vaccines and women's health.
CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the importance of the HPV vaccine and its administration among women to promote their health and prevent future infections.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pain intensity is an important outcome in clinical trials of surgery because pain relief is important to patients. Currently, recommended scales are the numeric rating scale 0-10 and visual analogue scale. However, these scales allow for considerable influence of individual imagination, previous experience, and coping skills, limiting proficiency in comparative clinical trials. We aimed to explore postoperative expressions of "how much it hurts"-the first step to improve pain intensity measurement.
METHODS: This was a qualitative study using inductive content analysis: words and visual cues describing pain intensity were collected from (i) existing pain intensity measures by search of COSMIN, PubMed, and Google, (ii) patient interviews recorded and transcribed word-for-word, (iii) clinician interviews transcribed likewise, and (iv) 100 patient telephone interviews with notes taken. After familiarization, the collected expressions were labelled inductively in categories and assembled in tables (case and theme-based matrices).
RESULTS: Descriptors fell into 12 categories: intensity (slight/strong), evaluative (negligible/unbearable), cognitive impact (distracting/can be ignored), activity impact (limits some/all activity), sleep impact (can/cannot sleep), examples (like stubbing a toe), physical signs (crying/writhing), associated symptoms (nauseating/tiring), treatment (ice helps/need morphine), affective (annoying/dreadful), discriminative (aching/piercing), and general recovery (hindering recovery/functional interference). Many visual cues were also identified. Literature and recorded interviews gave rise to the categories, and telephone interviews found saturation, providing no further categories.
CONCLUSION: Pain intensity is expressed by terms that fall into 12 categories and by a variety of graphic elements. This advances development of a patient-reported outcome measure of pain intensity for orthopedic trials.