anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that gray matter atrophy is constrained by normal brain network (or connectome) architecture in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, whether this finding holds true in individuals with depression remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between gray matter atrophy and normal connectome architecture at individual level in depression.
METHODS: In this study, 297 patients with depression and 256 healthy controls (HCs) from two independent Chinese dataset were included: a discovery dataset (105 never-treated first-episode patients and matched 130 HCs) and a replication dataset (106 patients and matched 126 HCs). For each patient, individualized regional atrophy was assessed using normative model and brain regions whose structural connectome profiles in HCs most resembled the atrophy patterns were identified as putative epicenters using a backfoward stepwise regression analysis.
RESULTS: In general, the structural connectome architecture of the identified disease epicenters significantly explained 44% (±16%) variance of gray matter atrophy. While patients with depression demonstrated tremendous interindividual variations in the number and distribution of disease epicenters, several disease epicenters with higher participation coefficient than randomly selected regions, including the hippocampus, thalamus, and medial frontal gyrus were significantly shared by depression. Other brain regions with strong structural connections to the disease epicenters exhibited greater vulnerability. In addition, the association between connectome and gray matter atrophy uncovered two distinct subgroups with different ages of onset.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that gray matter atrophy is constrained by structural brain connectome and elucidate the possible pathological progression in depression.
BACKGROUND: High body mass index (BMI) has gradually become an increased risk factor for the global burden of diseases (GBD). As the disease burden and the number of elders globally increase, it is crucial for policymakers to realise the associations between high BMI and disease burden worldwide in a timely manner and to develop effective interventions for different countries and ages.
METHODS: We used the GBD 2019 database to analyse the deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in the disease burden associated with high BMI and indicated the health inequality at the global, regional, and national levels. We applied the slope index of inequality and concentration index, two standard metrics of absolute and relative gradient inequality recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), to quantify the distributive inequalities in the burden of diseases associated with high BMI. These rates were reported per 100 000 population as crude incidence rates, death rates, and DALYs rates. All the estimates were generated with a 95% uncertainty interval (UIs).
RESULTS: Globally, we revealed that an estimated age-standardised mortality rate associated with high BMI is 6.26 million (95% UIs = 3.99, 8.91). The age-standardised DALYs rate is 19.32 million (95% UIs = 12.77, 26.40), and the global population attributable fraction was 9% (95% UIs = 5, 12) in 2019. The largest number of high-BMI-related deaths in women mainly concentrated in the age group of 65-79 years, whereas the largest number in men was in the age group of 60-69 years. The age-standardised DALYs rate of diseases associated with high BMI was larger in the high-middle and middle socio-demographic index (SDI) (population attributable fraction (PAF) = 11 and PAF = 9) regions than those with high SDI (PAF = 1) and low SDI (PAF = 5) regions.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, our results showed that the disease burden of global deaths and DALYs associated with high BMI has substantially increased between 1990-2019. Furthermore, we demonstrated that countries with higher SDI development levels shoulders higher burden of diseases associated with high BMI. Future policies to prevent and reduce the burden should be developed and implemented based on country-specific development status.
This study is planned as non-interventional observational single-armed study in patients that are planned to undergo intestinal L-Dopa + entacapone (Lecigon®) treatment as regular treatment choice outside the study protocol and under the accepted regulatory approval and indication criteria (according to German "Fachinformation Lecigon®"). Patients will be observed at the pre-interventional baseline (oral treatment, before treatment initiation with Lecigon®), 3-month, 6-month follow-up, and final 12-month follow-up. As primary interest, the investigator will analyze the contrast of the pre-interventional baseline and 12-month follow-up in terms of the Ardouin Behavioural Scale which evaluates the hyperdopaminergic complications and neuropsychiatric fluctuations in a semi-structured interview. As additional exploratory outcomes, the investigator will study the "Neuropsychiatric fluctuation scale", impulse control disorders with the "QUIP rating scale (QUIP-RS)". Moreover, the investigator will study apathy outcomes using the "Apathy Evaluation Scale" that mainly relates to the dopaminergic off-state. Outcomes of post-interventional apathy are particularly important, since i) they may coincide with hypodopaminergic off-states, and ii) since outcomes of postoperative apathy are a limitation of existing DBS therapy. Avoiding worsening of apathy might be a strength of intestinal L-Dopa therapy in this regard. Further, the investigator will study established measures of motor sensitization/de-sensitization in particular motor fluctuations and dyskinesia (MDS-UPDRS IV) and Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS). For completeness, the investigator will characterize MDS-UPDRS III motor state in addition.

Since dopaminergic desensitization occurs with considerable delay of rather weeks and months after changing oral to continuous treatment, the investigator expect a reduction of dopaminergic motor and neuropsychiatric complications within the first 6 months from introducing Lecigon® together with a stable course until final 12-month follow-up. The outcomes will be decided as contrast of the pre-interventional baseline (V0) in best oral treatment compared to 12 month follow-up of Lecigon® treatment.
Binge eating disorder (BED), the most prevalent formal eating disorder, is associated strongly with obesity and bio-psychosocial impairment. Improved treatments for obese patients with BED are needed that can produce sustained clinical outcomes and promote weight loss. This study (acute treatment stage) aims to test the effectiveness of behavioral weight loss (BWL) and pharmacological treatment with Naltrexone/Bupropion (NB; a recently FDA-approved anti-obesity combination medication), alone and in combination, for the treatment of BED in patients with obesity. The acute treatment stage stage RCT will provide new findings regarding the effectiveness of NB medication and whether this specific combination of BWL and NB medication is effective for patients with obesity and BED. N=160 patients with BED and obesity will be randomly assigned (double-blind) in a balanced factorial (2 X 2) design trial, to one of four 16-week interventions: BWL+NB, BWL+Placebo, NB, or Placebo. This study will produce important new information about the relative efficacy of BWL and this recently FDA-approved anti-obesity (NB medicine), alone and in combination, for BED in patients with obesity.
The overall value of treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) depends on several factors, including preferences of the general population, who contributes to the financing of health systems. This study investigated societal preferences for attributes of CLL treatments in Italy. An online large-scale survey was designed using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) methodology and delivered to the Italian adult general population. Ten treatment attributes were identified, covering efficacy, safety, operational aspects and (hypothetical) out-of-pocket cost. DCE data were analyzed using a mixed logit regression model, estimating the willingness-to-pay for attribute levels' change. The general population significantly preferred more effective treatments, with shorter duration, administered orally rather than orally + intravenously. Changes in therapy duration, frequency of checkups and organ damage risk had the greatest impact on preferences. The integration of societal preferences in the value judgments of CLL therapies may help health authorities in establishing priority setting and taking pricing-reimbursement decisions.
PURPOSE:To provide a transparent cosmetic having high transparency, broad temperature range to exhibit transparency, and excellent safety and applicability to the skin, by compounding a polyhydric alcohol having >=3 OH groups, water, a glycyrrhizic acid salt, a hydrophilic surface active agent, and oil. CONSTITUTION:The objective cosmetic contains (A) 5-50wt% of a polyhydric alcohol having >=3 OH groups (e.g. glycerol), (B) 0.1-10wt% of a glycyrrhizic acid salt (e.g. alkali metal salt), (C) 1.0-6wt% of a hydrophilic surface active agent (e.g. poloxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester having an HLB of >=9), (D) 5-90wt% of an oil (e.g. squalane), and (E) water. The weight ratio of the polyhydric alcohol to water is 60/40-95/5. A transparent cosmetic containing uniform and fine emulsion particles can be prepared even by using only a small amount of a surface active agent, without causing the destruction of the system such as phase inversion, etc. by the high shearing force caused by the agitation during the preparation.
BACKGROUND: The opioid epidemic in the United States continues to lead to a substantial number of preventable deaths and disability. The development of opioid dependence has been strongly linked to previous opioid exposure. Trauma patients are at particular risk since opioids are frequently required to control pain after injury. The purpose to this study was to examine the prevalence of opioid use before and after injury and to identify risk factors for persistent long-term opioid use after trauma.
METHODS: Records for all patients admitted to a Level 1 trauma center over a 1-year period were analyzed. Demographics, injury characteristics, and hospital course were recorded. A multistate Prescription Drug Monitoring Program database was queried to obtain records of all controlled substances prescribed from 6 months before the date of injury to 12 months after hospital discharge. Patients still receiving narcotics at 1 year were defined as persistent long-term users and were compared against those who were not.
RESULTS: A total of 2,992 patients were analyzed. Of all patients, 20.4% had filled a narcotic prescription within the 6 months before injury, 53.5% received opioids at hospital discharge, and 12.5% had persistent long-term use after trauma with the majority demonstrating preinjury use. Univariate risk factors for long-term use included female sex, longer length of stay, higher Injury Severity Score, anxiety, depression, orthopedic surgeries, spine injuries, multiple surgical locations, discharge to acute inpatient rehab, and preinjury opioid use. On multivariate analysis, the only significant predictors of persistent long-term prescription opioid use were preinjury use and a much smaller effect associated with use at discharge.
CONCLUSION: During a sustained opioid epidemic, concerns and caution are warranted in the use of prescription narcotics for trauma patients. However, persistent long-term opioid use among opioid-naive patients is rare and difficult to predict after trauma.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
The Angel Lung Cooler is a lung preservation method for transplantation. The device has temperature and airway pressure sensors that assess the oxygen temperature in the airways to confirm during the entire preservation time that desired airway temperatures (between 8 and 10 oC) and mean airway pressure to keep the lungs inflated during transportation is optimized.

For the purposes of the trial, the Angel Cooler will be in the operating room at time of transplant when both of the lungs are explanted. The explanted lungs (those removed and not the donor lungs) will be connected to the cooler to determine inflation and temperature changes of the lungs. This procedure will take approximately 5 - 20 minutes. The lungs will then be disconnected from the cooler and then returned to the back table for transport to the Pathology department. As part of standard procedures, the lungs remain in the Operating room for a few hours before they are transported to the Pathology department.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Maternal hypoxia disrupts neural development and subsequently leads to cerebral palsy and epilepsy in newborns. Hypoxia plays a role in neurodegeneration by increasing oxidative stress. Pistacia atlantica is known as an important antioxidant, and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have been shown in various studies. This study aims to investigate the effects of methanolic extract of P. atlantica leaves (MEPaLs) on the oxidative parameters in the serum of rats affected by maternal hypoxia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, eight pregnant rats were used. The newborns were divided into four groups, including the control and the hypoxia groups, which are affected by maternal hypoxia, hypoxia + MEPaL 100 mg/kg, and hypoxia + MEPaL 150 mg/kg. MEPaL was injected (i.p) for 21 days into the neonatal rats after the lactation period. Hypoxia was induced by keeping pregnant rats in a hypoxic chamber with 7% oxygen and 93% nitrogen intensity for 3 h on the 20th day of pregnancy. Behavioral changes were measured using open-field and rotarod tests. Finally, biomarkers of oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), GSSG, TAS, TOS, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in the experimental groups.
RESULTS: Behavioral results showed that the anxiety behavior in the hypoxia group increased, but the motor activity (moved distance and movement speed) decreased. Moreover, the amount of time spent maintaining balance on the rotarod rod was significantly decreased in the hypoxia group. The concentration of NO in the group of hypoxia + MEPaL 100 mg/kg showed a significant decrease, and MEPaL 100, and 150 mg/kg + hypoxia also increased the concentration of GSH and decreased GSSG. In addition, MEPaL100 and 150 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the ratio of GSH to GSSG and decreased OSI and total oxidant capacity.
CONCLUSIONS: Oxidative stress increased in the rats affected by maternal hypoxia and may be the main mechanism for motor activity impairment and balance disturbance, whereas MELaL improved motor performance by decreasing oxidative stress.
The LINDA thermal device consists of a thermal camera attachable to a cell phone and an application for connection with an artificial intelligence program based on a convolutional neural network for classification of thermographic breast images. The system is previously fed with thermographic images of the breast and their respective results/diagnostics. The images are processed in an automated way and return a percentage of chance of having a pathological pattern.

nfrared imaging (thermography) was approved as an auxiliary imaging modality for mammography by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1982. Thermography is a non-invasive, non-contact method without ionizing radiation, which is why its use can be prolonged and repeated. This technique allows for an evaluation of the functionality of the structures, which is why it is considered a physiological test and records the variation in the surface temperature of the human body based on the infrared radiation emitted by the surface of that body. It is capable of detecting tumor lesions since cancer cells generate heat due to the release of nitric oxide in the blood, causing changes in microcirculation, vasodilation, neo-angiogenesis and increased metabolic activity of cancer cells. Thus, in the initial stage of breast cancer, when it has not yet caused anatomical changes, there will be physiological changes that will lead to an increase in blood flow and metabolic activity. This increase induces a temperature rise in the area which will then be detected by thermography.
In spite of the use of the combination of lysine acetylsalicylate and clopidogrel during and after the procedure of TAVI, rates of stroke remains high, between 4 and 10% regarding the studies and registries. None of the therapeutics have regulatory authorisation for this indication. On the other hand, the rates of bleeding events are also high in this old and frail population. That is why, considering its pharmacological specificity, investigators hypothesize that ticagrelor, used alone, could be non-inferior on safety criteria than the combination of lysine acetylsalicylate and clopidogrel. Our study want to evaluate the safety profile of Ticagrelor alone (180 mg loading dose before intervention and 90 mg twice daily during 30 days after the procedure) compared to the standardized treatment combining lysine acetylsalicylate (75 mg before and 75 mg daily after the procedure) and clopidogrel (300mg loading dose before and 75 mg daily after the procedure). Patients will be followed during one month. Then they will be all placed under the usual antiplatelet treatment (clopidogrel and lysine acetylsalicylate for two additional months and then lysine acetylsalicylate alone lifelong).
All patients over 18 years with chronic heart failure, and all patients hospitalized for acute heart failure de novo or not. The diagnosis of heart failure is the responsibility of the cardiologist including patient.
Maintaining a well-functioning mitochondrial network through the mitochondria quality control (MQC) mechanisms, including biogenesis, dynamics and mitophagy, is crucial for overall health. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress and further exacerbated by impaired quality control can trigger inflammation through the release of the damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs). mtDAMPs act by stimulating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. Recently, aberrant signalling of the cGAS-STING axis has been recognised to be closely associated with several sterile inflammatory diseases (e.g. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity). This may fit the pathophysiology of hypothyroidism, an endocrine disorder characterised by the reduction of thyroid hormone production associated with impaired metabolic fluxes, oxidative balance and inflammatory status. Both 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-tyronine (T3) and its derivative 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (3,5-T2), are known to mitigate processes targeting mitochondria, albeit the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Therefore, we used a chemically induced hypothyroidism rat model to investigate the effect of 3,5-T2 or T3 administration on inflammation-related factors (inflammatory cytokines, hepatic cGAS-STING pathway), oxidative stress, antioxidant defence enzymes, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, release and repair, and the MQC system in the liver. Hypothyroid rats showed: i) increased oxidative stress, ii) accumulation of mtDNA damage, iii) high levels of circulating cytokines, iv) hepatic activation of cGAS-STING pathways and v) impairment of MQC mechanisms and autophagy. Both iodothyronines restored oxidative balance by enhancing antioxidant defence, preventing mtDNA damage through the activation of mtDNA repair mechanisms (OGG1, APE1, and POLγ) and promoting autophagy progression. Concerning MQC, both iodothyronines stimulated mitophagy and dynamics, with 3,5-T2 activating fusion and T3 modulating both fusion and fission processes. Moreover, only T3 enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis. Notably, 3,5-T2, but not T3, reversed the hypothyroidism-induced activation of the cGAS-STING inflammatory cascade. In addition, it is noteworthy that 3,5-T2 seems more effective than T3 in reducing circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1B and in stimulating the release of IL-10, a known anti-inflammatory cytokine. These findings reveal novel molecular mechanisms of hepatic signalling pathways involved in hypothyroidism, which could be targeted by natural iodothyronines, particularly 3,5-T2, paving the way for the development of new treatment strategies for inflammatory diseases.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite the development of transient elastography (TE)-based Agile scores for diagnosing fibrotic burden in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), their applicability in predicting kidney outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between liver fibrotic burden, as assessed by Agile scores, and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with MASLD.
METHODS: A total of 3240 participants with MASLD but without pre-existing CKD who underwent TE between July 2006 and October 2018 were selected. The primary outcome was incident CKD, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria (≥1+ on dipstick) on two consecutive measurements. The secondary outcome was a 25% decline in eGFR measured on two consecutive visits.
RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 3.6 years, 187 participants (5.8%) developed incident CKD. When stratified into three groups according to Agile 3+ scores, multivariable Cox models revealed that risk of incident CKD was 2.77-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89-4.07; p < 0.001) higher in the high-risk group (Agile 3+ >0.68), compared to the low-risk group (Agile 3+ <0.45). During a median follow-up of 3.4 years, the high-risk group had a 2.41-fold higher risk (95% CI, 1.86-3.12; p < 0.001) of experiencing the secondary outcome, compared to the low-risk group. Similar findings were observed for Agile 4 scores. Prediction testing revealed that Agile scores were better predictors of kidney outcomes, compared to liver stiffness measured by TE.
CONCLUSIONS: In patients with MASLD, but without CKD, advanced liver fibrosis measured by Agile scores was significantly associated with a higher risk of incident CKD.