anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Subjects who agree to participate in the study will meet with a research team member who will review the study with them, obtain informed consent sign the HIPPA form, and provide study materials (void diary for urine quantification and recording of IC symptoms, pH strips to dip urine, "hat" to measure urine). Medical charts will be reviewed to determined how Interstitial Cystitis was diagnosed, medications, medical/surgical history, and demographics such as weight, height, BMI, race, age, marital status, education, insurance, tobacco or alcohol use. Subjects will need to dip pH paper into the urine and specific gravity reagent strip, and, by color comparison between the strips and the corresponding scales, determine and record urine pH and specific gravity. They will need to fill out the corresponding section in the voiding diary that is a survey to type and severity or pain as well as other symptoms of IC. The research team member will teach the subject how to measure the volume of their urine and how to measure and record specific gravity and pH. When not practical to record the volume of the urine (when patients are at work or away from home) they will still be asked to record pH, specific gravity and experienced symptoms. Subjects will be asked to perform the above described protocol with each episode of micturition for 3 days.

After enrollment, subjects will complete the O'Leary-Sant pain (symptom and problem index) questionnaire, if subjects have a combined score greater than or equal to 12 they are considered to have problematic or symptomatic IC. The voiding diary that include pH and specific gravity measurement measurements, times, volume, and survey of symptoms will be returned 1-2 weeks following completion of 3 day void diary for a face-to-face meeting with a research team member. Attempts will be made to have those meetings coincide with a clinical visit to minimize study burden to the subject(e.g. - at the time of cystoscopy or follow-up visit. )
Autoimmune oophoritis is a distinct clinical entity and a known cause of premature ovarian failure. It is characterized by the presence of circulating adrenal antibodies. No therapy for infertile patients with premature ovarian failure due to autoimmune oophoritis has been proven effective by prospective controlled study. Anecdotal reports have suggested that high-dose, long-term prednisone therapy may be useful in treating autoimmune ovarian failure. However, prednisone, when used in high-dose for a long-term has substantial side effects, including aseptic necrosis of bone requiring major surgical intervention. Despite this risk, patients with premature ovarian failure are being treated based on this anecdotal evidence. We are aware of two patients with premature ovarian failure who developed aseptic necrosis of bone on high-dose, long-term prednisone therapy administered elsewhere.

This protocol will test the hypothesis that a lower risk therapy (alternate-day, lower dose, shorter-term prednisone) will induce remission of ovarian failure caused by autoimmune oophoritis. The protocol will use a double-masked, placebo-controlled design. Patients with premature ovarian failure who have serologic evidence of steroidogenic cell autoimmunity will be candidates. Successful outcome will be defined as a return of ovulation as determined by weekly serum progesterone levels. The hypothesis that short-term, alternate-day prednisone therapy restores ovulation will be tested with an equality of proportions test comparing the proportion of patients who ovulate during placebo with the proportion of patients who ovulate during prednisone therapy.
PURPOSE: To obtain a hair cosmetic having excellent dandruff preventing effect by including vitamin A and a polysaccharide-based wet preserving agent. CONSTITUTION: This hair cosmetic contains vitamin A (e.g. retinol) in an amount of 0.001-0.5wt.% and a polysaccharide-based wet preserving agent (e.g. sodium hyaluronate) in an amount of 0.0001-5wt.%. Further, the objective cosmetic is suitably mixed with an additive usually used in a hair cosmetic and may be formed to hair tonic, hair liquid, latex for scalp, hair cream, hair shampoo, hair rinse or hair spray, etc. The objective cosmetic is useful for cure of keratonosis because vitamin A has an important activity to normal differentiation and preservation of skin, and also has a dandruff preventing effect because of high cuticle tissue-flexible action. Use of vitamin A in combination with a polysaccharide-based hamectant exhibits further excellent dandruff preventing effect than respective use of each component.
An aerosol generator device for delivering an aerosol of a nicotine salt is provided. The aerosol generator comprises: (i) a mouth end; (ii) a first chamber containing a porous material wetted with liquid nicotine, (iii) a second chamber containing a porous material wetted with a solution of a volatile acid, (iv) a third chamber in fluid communication with the first and second chambers, leading to the mouth end, and (v) an outer housing defining a passageway for air through said device. A nicotine vapor can be produced by drawing air along the passageway and through the porous material wetted with liquid nicotine. An acid vapor can be produced by passing air along the passageway and through the porous material wetted with a solution of a volatile acid. Then, the nicotine vapor and. the acid vapor can be admixed in the third chamber to form an aerosol of a nicotine salt, which can be drawn out through the mouth end..
BACKGROUND: The continuous advancement in medical and surgical techniques has led to a rise in the frequency of abdominal operations, subsequently increasing the incidence of intra-abdominal adhesions. Over 90% of laparotomies result in postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions. This study investigates the effect of a 5% boric acid solution on the development of intra-abdominal adhesions in rats, using an adhesion model.
METHODS: This study was conducted with two groups: a control group, in which the adhesion model was applied without any treatment, and a boric acid group, which was treated with a 5% boric acid solution. Each group comprised 16 rats. On the 14th postoperative day, the rats were sacrificed, re-explored, and the developed adhesions were evaluated both macroscopically and microscopically. The data from macroscopic and microscopic scoring were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test in the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics 24 program. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. This research was supported by the Manisa Celal Bayar University Scientific Research Projects Commission.
RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed between the boric acid-treated group and the control group, with the boric acid group showing a significant decrease in adhesion development both macroscopically and microscopically (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: In the future, boron could play a significant role in reducing and preventing intra-abdominal adhesions after surgery. This investigation could pave the way for further research into the mechanism by which boric acid prevents the development of intra-abdominal adhesions. Moreover, it is imperative to explore the potential side effects of intra-abdominal boron application at the optimum concentration of the solution.
The other group will consist of participants on the wait-list. Similar to those in the intervention group, participants in the waitlist group will undergo research assessments at baseline, post-therapy, and 1 month after therapy. Subsequently, they will be included in the 4-session intervention program. No measurements will be taken after the intervention.
Individual Placement and support (IPS) is an evidence-based approach originally developed to help people with severe mental disorders to obtain and maintain employment. IPS represents a relatively new approach to vocational rehabilitation and incorporates following principles: (1) Every person that wants to work, can work given that the person is provided with the appropriate work and environment. (2)The goal is employment in regular, competitive employment. (3) IPS is integrated with treatment. (4) Job search is individualised; based on the participants' preferences and competence. (5) Work incentives planning is provided; which includes counselling about how work can influence social security and other public benefits. The intention of this benefits counselling is to enable the participant to make informed decisions about work (job starts and changes). (6) The job support is not time-limited. (7) Finally, IPS differs from more traditional employment services in that it does not involve pre-vocational training, often referred to as "train, then place". (8) In IPS job search starts as soon as the client expresses an interest in work. Therefore, IPS follows the principle "place, then train".

The effectiveness of IPS for patients with severe mental illness is well documented. International research shows that IPS is more effective than other types of employment programs for this group of clients. However, the effect of IPS on patients with chronic pain in an outpatient hospital clinic is largely unknown.
The overall purpose of this research is to determine if a surgical operation called "Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass" can reduce the chance of a subsequent stroke in someone who has complete blockage in one main artery in the neck (the carotid artery) that supplies blood to the brain and has already suffered a small stroke. This surgery involves taking an artery from the scalp outside the skull, making a small hole in the skull and then connecting the scalp artery to a brain artery inside the skull. In this way the blockage of the carotid artery in the neck is bypassed and more blood can flow to the brain. In some people natural bypass arteries develop and the brain is already getting plenty of blood. These people have a low risk of stroke if they take medicine. In other people, no natural bypass arteries develop so less blood flows to their brains. This second group has a much higher risk of stroke while taking medicine, as high as 25-50% within the next two years. It is this second group of people who may benefit from having the bypass operation and who are the candidates for this study.

This bypass surgery is considered experimental because it is not generally performed for this condition and it is unknown whether it leads to a decrease, an increase or no change in the risk of stroke. In order to determine if people fit into this second group of people who may benefit from the bypass operation they need to have a test called a PET scan. The PET scan measures the amount of blood that is getting to the brain and the amount of oxygen that the brain is using. The PET scan uses radioactive oxygen and water and is experimental (not approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration). If the PET scan shows that less blood is getting to the brain, there will be a 50-50 chance (like a coin toss) of receiving the bypass surgery or not. There will then be follow-up visits to the clinic one month later and then every three months for two years to check on the appropriate medical treatment that everyone will receive and to determine who has had a stroke.

The study hypothesis is that extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery when added to best medical therapy can reduce by 40 percent subsequent stroke within two years in participants with recent TIA ('ministroke") or stroke (\</= 120 days) due to blockage of the carotid artery and reduced blood flow to the brain measured by PET.
Lamivudine (3TC) has been approved by regulatory authorities for the treatment of HIV infection and the current licensed dose is 300 mg once daily. Clinical and pharmacokinetic (how a drug is absorbed, distributed and eliminated from your body) data suggest that the licensing dose could be reduced without compromising effectiveness. Lower drug doses could reduce the side-effects from the medication and would make 3TC more affordable.

This study will compare the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of two different doses of 3TC in healthy volunteers. The study will take place at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital. Twenty four healthy HIV negative volunteers will be randomly allocated into two groups. Volunteers in Group 1 will start 300mg 3TC once daily for 10 days, followed by 10 days of not taking any 3TC (wash-out period). When the wash-out period ends, they will re-start 3TC at a dose of 150mg once daily for 10 days. Group 2 is similar except that they will start 150mg 3TC at the beginning of the study and 300mg 3TC after the wash-out period. Blood samples will be taken over a 24-hour period at the end of each dosing phase to measure the levels of 3TC in the blood and inside blood cells. Safety and tolerability of 3TC will be assessed by questions, physical examination and laboratory parameters. These will be performed at regular intervals during the treatment phases.

Healthy participants as determined by their medical history and physical examination will be eligible to participate in the study. HIV-positive participants will not be recruited because it is not yet clear if an experimentally reduced dose of 3TC will successfully treat HIV-infection. There is no reason to presume that there is any meaningful difference in the metabolic processing of 3TC between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected people.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ranging from simple fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a liver phenotype of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. NAFLD and type 2 diabetes share epidemiological and pathophysiological features. Specifically, hyperglycemia is closely associated with liver fibrosis, which is associated with liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and prognosis in patients with NASH.

To date, some anti-diabetic agents have been tested in patients with NAFLD. The guidelines in the Asian Pacific, European, and American association recommended the administration of PPAR gamma agonist (pioglitazone) and glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP1RA) for the treatment of diabetes with NAFLD/NASH. However, there are concerns about adverse effects such as weight gain, edema, fractures, and carcinogenesis in pioglitazone or gastrointestinal adverse effects and medication burden as an injection in GLP1 RA. In addition, because all of these anti-diabetic agents significantly reduced glycemic levels compared with placebo, liver histological improvement may be theoretically attributable to glucose reduction itself.

Both sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and sulfonylureas are chosen as the second-line therapy when glycemic control cannot be achieved with metformin or as the first-line therapy when metformin is contraindicated or not tolerated. In animal models of NAFLD/NASH, SGLT2 inhibitors protect against steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Previous clinical trials have demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors exert protective effects on liver enzymes and liver steatosis in patients with NAFLD/NASH. However, these studies lack a control group or histological examination, which precludes meaningful conclusions since the natural course of the disease or tight glycemic control may ameliorate liver histology in some patients with NAFLD. Sulfonylureas are still reliable and potent antidiabetic agents in insulinopenic patients with type 2 diabetes and therefore are used as the second-line therapy, especially when the cost is a significant issue. Besides, sulfonylureas reduce glucose and elevate weight, which may render positive and negative effects, respectively, on liver pathology in NAFLD/NASH. In the phase 3 trial, canagliflozin was non-inferior to glimepiride for reduction of HbA1c at 52 weeks. However, the differences between SGLT2 inhibitors and sulfonylureas on NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes under similar glucose reduction remain uncertain.
A Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) evaluation comprises measurement of a distal single value and a pullback maneuver during hyperemic conditions. The PPGindex is a novel metric derived from the FFR pullback curve.3 This metric complements the distal FFR value by informing the spatial distribution of epicardial resistance (i.e. focal or diffuse) along the coronary vessel. The PPGindex relies on two components: first, the magnitude of pressure drop determined as a maximal pressure gradient over 20 millimeters relative to the total vessel gradient; and second, the length of functional disease relative to total vessel length. These two parameters are weighted equally to provide a metric that ranges from 0 to 1. PPGindex values approaching 1 represent functional focal coronary artery disease (CAD) whereas values close to 0 represent diffuse functional CAD. Until now, the interpretation of the FFR pullback relied on visual assessment. The PPGindex quantifies the pattern of functional CAD and has been shown to predict functionally complete revascularization. Percutaneous revascularization in vessels with high PPGindex is associated with high post-PCI FFR and vast improvement in epicardial conductance whilst PCI in vessels with low PPGindex results in low post-PCI FFR. An curvilinear relationship is observed between PPGindex and functional gain (i.e. FFR post-PCI minus FFR pre-PCI). The PPGindex, therefore, aims to predict the response to PCI in physiological terms.

Calculation of the PPGindex is indicated in cases with an FFR≤0.80. FFR pullbacks are performed under hyperemic conditions at a steady pace during manual pullback. A calculation of the PPGindex using the Coroflow console (Coroventis Research Ab, Uppsala, Sweden) is available for online use and computes the PPG value immediately after the pullback maneuver. This software also includes an automated drift correction. The pullback curve is depicted on an dedicated pullback display screen and the pressure gradients are shown per millimeter, allowing correlation between the location of pressure step-ups and the anatomical target for PCI. In summary, we can distinguish three points where FFR influences the clinical decision-making process. First, an FFR ≤0.80 indicates potential benefit of revascularization. Second, the pullback curve assesses disease pattern and PPG index value quantifies it, helping de physician in the decision about treatment options (e.g. PCI, CABG or OMT). And, third, the location of pressure step-ups along the vessels helps plan the PCI strategy with respect to coverage of functional disease. A combined FFR and PPG-guided PCI strategy has the potential to improve patient selection and enhance procedural planning.

The purpose of this study is to determine the predictive capacity of the PPG index for post-PCI FFR and to determine the impact of the PPG index on clinical decision making about revascularization and on clinical outcomes.
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS: The role of inflammation in driving atherosclerosis is well-established. It exerts systemic effects beyond the local site of plaque formation. In the context of coronary artery disease (CAD), the proteins that show altered levels in the plasma, are potentially important for understanding the key regulatory mechanism in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. A case-control study revealed that plasma soluble Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 2 (PGLYRP2) primarily produced by the liver, is increased in subjects with CAD. Furthermore, the concentration of PGLYRP2 in the blood correlates with the severity of coronary artery disease. Thus, it raises interest in understanding the exact role of the protein in aortic inflammation and plaque progression.
METHODS: We evaluated the plasma concentration of PGLYRP2 in three distinct groups: patients with CAD (N = 68), asymptomatic individuals (N = 34), and healthy volunteers (N = 20). Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between disease severity and PGLYRP2 levels in CAD patients. To identify potential binding partners of PGLYRP2, we employed computational analysis. We verified the PGLYRP2-NOD2 interaction in macrophage cells and elucidated the inflammatory pathways activated by PGLYRP2 within these cells. To assess the impact of PGLYRP2, we examined its effects in the atherosclerotic mice model (ApoE-/-).
RESULTS: In this study, we report for the first time that Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) which is expressed on the surface of macrophages, is a receptor of PGLYRP2. The N-terminal domain of PGLYRP2 directly binds to NOD2 and activates the NOD2-RIP2-NFκB cascade that promotes the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines like TNFα, IL1β, and IL-8. In the atherosclerotic mice model (ApoE-/-) we demonstrate that elevated PGLYRP2 level is parallel with increased proinflammatory cytokines in the plasma when fed a High Cholesterol Diet (HCD). Immunohistochemical analysis reveals that PGLYRP2 is co-localized with NOD2 on the macrophages at the site of the lesion.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data demonstrate that NOD2 acts as a receptor of PGLYRP2 on macrophages, which mediates the activation of the NOD2-RIP2-NFκB pathway and promotes inflammation, thus significantly contributing to the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
The present invention relates to medicine for clearing skin toxin which is a traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating yang symptome dermatopathy of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation and mainly designed for aiming at the pathological characteristics and the evolution laws of easy fire transformation, yinimpairment and blood forcing of yang symptome dermatopathy. The purpose aims to create a powerful traditional Chinese medicine prescription for treating acute infective dermatopathy. The present invention has the key point that the present invention is applied to a heat-toxin flush period (a qi stage of traditional Chinese medicine defensive-qi-nutrient-blood differentiation), extinguishes pathogenic heat and qi of the flush period, cuts off the spread of pathogenic heat and prevents occurrence of critical and bad symptome caused by heat-toxin fire transformation and blood forcing in the mode of a powerful heavy prescription. The formula is prepared from honeysuckle flower, weeping forsythia capsule, coptis, cicada shell, snakegourd root, dictamnus, belvedere fruit, Clerodendron cyrtophyllum Turcz, isatis root, rehmannia root, red peony root, cortex moutan root-bark of tree peony, liquorice, etc. The medicine for clearing skin toxin has the functions of clearing away heat, promoting diuresis, destroying toxin, cooling blood, dissipating blood stasis, reducing pathogenic fire, wetting dryness, expelling wind, etc. and mainly treats dermatopathy of rubeola, urticaria, miliaria, dermatitis, sore, boil, acute eczema, erysipelas, pruritus, neurodermatitis, psoriasis, etc. The formula is capable of being used as the traditional decoction, is taken by decoction one time every day and is also capable of being prepared into commercial medicine, such as instant granules, or oral liquid, etc. by quenching and extraction of the effective components of the formula.
LPS will be administered twice on days 1 and 7. In between IFN-Y will be administered on days 2, 4 and 6 subcutaneously.