anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) disproportionately afflicts older Black and Hispanic Americans. ATTR cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR CA) is caused by myocardial deposition of misfolded transthyretin protein (TTR or prealbumin) and is classified by the genetics of TTR into wild-type (ATTRwt) or hereditary (hATTR or ATTRm). ATTR CA, irrespective of genotype, is an age-dependent, often unrecognized, mechanism underlying HFpEF. While hATTR CA results from point mutations that promote TTR misfolding and amyloid aggregation, factors that contribute to ATTRwt CA are not well defined. While previously thought to be untreatable, promising therapies that have been recently reported are most effective if administered early in disease course. Only a small proportion of individuals with wild-type TTR will develop ATTRwt CA, overwhelmingly reported in Caucasian males beyond age 60 years. However, as an autosomal protein, allele distribution is not sex specific. For hATTR, a substitution of isoleucine for valine (Val122Ile) is the most frequent TTR mutation in the US, observed exclusively in Black Americans with an allele frequency of 3.4%. But there are no data regarding the prevalence of ATTRwt CA in African Americans and no data for ATTR CA prevalence, irrespective of genotype, in the Hispanic population. One of the reasons for the knowledge deficit is the challenge of diagnosis. Endomyocardial biopsy, while nearly 100% sensitive and specific, is impractical as a screening test and genotyping alone of patients is insufficient to identify ATTR CA because wild-type patients develop disease. In this study, the investigators will use a highly accurate technique for ATTR CA identification using Tc99m-pyrophosphate (PYP) imaging that avoids the need for biopsy. (Tc99m-HDP may be used in cases of interrupted supply of PYP) Tc99m-PYP myocardial uptake can occur before echocardiographic or clinical changes, suggesting enhanced sensitivity. While studies using the technique have suggested that 10-15% of elderly hospitalized patients with HF may have ATTR CA, Tc99m-PYP has not been applied broadly in HF patients as a means to facilitate early diagnosis. In addition, the investigators will test the diagnostic accuracy of a point-of-care diagnostic tool that utilizes a novel biomarker, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), and an assay to measure TTR stability. The overall hypothesis is that a significant proportion of HF in elderly Blacks and Hispanics is caused ATTR CA. Using these non-invasive tests, the investigators will establish the prevalence of ATTR CA and explore the relationship between RBP4 concentration and TTR stability in a prospective cohort study of elderly Black and Hispanic Americans with HF.
BACKGROUND: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism that causes oxalate deposition, leading to recurrent calcium oxalate kidney stones, chronic kidney disease and systemic oxalosis, which produces a broad range of serious life-threatening complications. Patients with PH1 have delayed diagnosis due to the rarity of the disease and the overlap with early-onset kidney stone disease not due to primary hyperoxaluria.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical features of individuals <21 years of age with PH1 that precede its diagnosis. We hypothesized that a parsimonious set of features could be identified that differentiate patients with PH1 from patients with non-primary hyperoxaluria-associated causes of early-onset kidney stone disease.
STUDY DESIGN: We determined the association between clinical characteristics and PH1 diagnosis in a case-control study conducted between 2009 and 2021 in PEDSnet, a clinical research network of eight US pediatric health systems. Each patient with genetically confirmed PH1 was matched by sex and PEDSnet institution to up to 4 control patients with kidney stones without PH of any type. We obtained patient characteristics and diagnostic test results occurring before to less than 6 months after study entrance from a centralized database query and from manual chart review. Differences were examined using standardized differences and multivariable regression.
RESULTS: The study sample included 37 patients with PH1 and 147 controls. Patients with PH1 were younger at diagnosis (median age of 3 vs 13.5 years); 75 % of children with PH1 were less than 8 years-old. Patients with PH1 were more likely to have combinations of nephrocalcinosis on ultrasound or CT (43 % vs 3 %), lower eGFR at diagnosis (median = 52 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs 114 mL/min/1.73 m2), and have normal mobility. Patients with PH1 had higher proportion of calcium oxalate monohydrate kidney stones than controls (median = 100 % vs 10 %). There were no differences in diagnosis of failure to thrive, stone size, or echocardiography results.
CONCLUSIONS: Children with PH1 are characterized by presentation before adolescence, nephrocalcinosis, decreased eGFR at diagnosis, and calcium oxalate monohydrate stone composition. If externally validated, these characteristics could facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment of children with PH1.
A pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment of progression of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis comprises 5-(2-Pyrazinyl)-4-methyl-1,2-dithiol-3-thione (oltipraz). ACTIVITY : Hepatotropic; Cytostatic. MECHANISM OF ACTION : TGF-beta production inhibitor. A test was conducted on macrophage cells by adding oltipraz in a dose dependent manner. The results showed that oltipraz may function as an anti-fibrotic agent in hepatic kupffer cells by inhibiting TGF-beta production. The increase in TGF-beta expression was inhibited by EGTA or genistein which was an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase. The TGF-beta inhibition was 30%. This result shows that the inhibition of TGF-beta production by oltipraz may be the result of intracellular calcium regulation and changes in protein kinase activity.
APT and VITA psychotherapy was carried out in accordance with treatment manuals. In addition to weekly individual sessions the inpatient program at both groups contained two 75 min group sessions each week. In addition, VITA had shorter group meetings each morning (15 minutes). Patients in both treatments participated in two physical exercise sessions per week, weekly psycho-educational lectures and art-therapy groups, and both groups finish each week with end of the week status groups. On average, patients in both treatments received seven sessions of therapeutic activity each week. All treatment components, with the exception of the physical exercises, adhered to the APT or VITA treatments, and thus the two intensive treatments were similar in dose but different in content. Medication was managed by psychiatrists, aiming to optimize the psychotropic medication regime, typically by reducing medication use.
PURPOSE:A skin external agent, particularly cosmetic, containing phopholipid, sterol and glycolipid in a specific proportion, capable of keeping water on the skin surface and having improved water retaining function for giving moisture always to the skin. CONSTITUTION:A skin external agent containing three components of (A) phospholipid, e.g. phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine or sphingophospholipid, (B) a sterol, e.g. cholesterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, cholestanol, etc. and (C) a glycolipid, e.g. sphingophospholipid or glyceroglycolipid, etc., at 50/50-80/20, preferably 60/40-70/30 weight ratio of the components (A) to (B) and 70/30-95/5, particularly 75/25-85/15 weight ratio of the total of the components (A) and (B) to component (C) in an amount of 0.05-90wt%, particularly 0.05-20wt% in the external agent. When the agent is applied to the skin, the amount of the three component mixture reaches 0.5-20wt%, preferably 1-5wt% based on the total amount of the residue, a liquid crystal in the state of incorporating water is formed to give most improved water retaining and blocking effect.
BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis japonica represents a significant public health concern in South Asia. There is an urgent need to optimize existing schistosomiasis diagnostic techniques. This study aims to develop models for the different stages of liver fibrosis caused by Schistosoma infection utilizing ultrasound radiomics and machine learning techniques.
METHODS: From 2018 to 2022, we retrospectively collected data on 1,531 patients and 5,671 B-mode ultrasound images from the Second People's Hospital of Duchang City, Jiangxi Province, China. The datasets were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria suitable for radiomics models. Liver fibrosis due to Schistosoma infection (LFSI) was categorized into four stages: grade 0, grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3. The data were divided into six binary classification problems, such as group 1 (grade 0 vs. grade 1) and group 2 (grade 0 vs. grade 2). Key radiomic features were extracted using Pyradiomics, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). Machine learning models were constructed using Support Vector Machine (SVM), and the contribution of different features in the model was described by applying Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP).
RESULTS: This study ultimately included 1,388 patients and their corresponding images. A total of 851 radiomics features were extracted for each binary classification problems. Following feature selection, 18 to 76 features were retained from each groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the validation cohorts was 0.834 (95% CI: 0.779-0.885) for the LFSI grade 0 vs. LFSI grade 1, 0.771 (95% CI: 0.713-0.835) for LFSI grade 1 vs. LFSI grade 2, and 0.830 (95% CI: 0.762-0.885) for LFSI grade 2 vs. LFSI grade 3.
CONCLUSION: Machine learning models based on ultrasound radiomics are feasible for classifying different stages of liver fibrosis caused by Schistosoma infection.
BACKGROUND: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection constitutes a significant global public health challenge despite the widespread implementation of vaccination programs, with infection rates persistently high. Recent studies suggest that lifestyle factors including diet quality (DQ) and physical activity (PA) could play a pivotal role in the mitigation of HPV infections. This investigation explored the influence of DQ, PA, and a healthy lifestyle on the incidence of HPV infection in adult women.
METHODS: Data from 5,308 women aged 20-59 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2016. DQ and PA were measured using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), respectively, creating four lifestyle groups based on how well they matched dietary and activity guidelines. The associations between key factors and HPV infection were explored using multivariate logistic regression, trend tests, and interaction tests.
RESULTS: Fully adjusted multivariable logistic regression models revealed an inverse association between the risk of HPV infection and higher levels of PA (OR = 0.914; 95% CI: 0.854-0.979) as well as DQ (OR = 0.993; 95% CI: 0.989-0.998). Individuals in the highest tertile of DQ displayed a reduced risk of HPV infection relative to those in the lowest tertile (OR = 0.846; 95% CI: 0.726-0.986). Belonging to the third quintile of PA was linked to a lower risk of HPV infection than the lowest quintile (OR = 0.823; 95% CI: 0.681-0.995). Subgroups adhering to a healthy DQ were linked to a lower risk of HPV infection irrespective of PA meeting guideline recommendations.
CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the importance of a healthy diet in conjunction with appropriate PA in preventing HPV infection, offering new insights for public health policies and interventions.
Gut microflora plays an important role in relieving myocardial no-reflow (NR), formononetin (FMN) has potential effects on NR, however, the relationship between this effect and gut microflora remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the role of FMN in alleviating NR by regulating gut microflora. We used a myocardial NR rat model to confirm the effect and mechanism of action of FMN in alleviating NR. The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham), NR group, FMN group and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) group. Thioflavin S staining, Hematoxylin Eosin (HE), myocardial enzyme activity, ultrasonic cardiogram and RT-PCR detection showed that FMN could effectively reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, NR and ischemic area, improve cardiac structure and function and reduce TNF-α and NF-κB gene expression in NR rats. The results of 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing showed that FMN could increase the abundance of anti-inflammatory bacteria such as Ligilactobacillus, Coprococcus, Blautia and Muribaculaceae and decrease the abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria such as Treponema in Spirochaetota and Campylobacterota. The correlation between the differential bacteria in the gut microflora(anti-inflammatory bacteria and pro-inflammatory bacteria) and TNF-α and NF-κB, showed that they had a strong correlation. Therefore, the anti-NR mechanism of FMN may be related to increasing the abundance of anti-inflammatory bacteria and reducing the abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria to inhibit inflammation. This study provides innovative mechanistic insights into the relationship between gut microbiota and myocardial protection, suggesting potential strategy for future treatment of NR.
INTRODUCTION: The inaccuracy of late pregnancy dating is often discussed, and the impact on diagnosis of fetal growth restriction is a concern. However, the magnitude and direction of this effect has not previously been demonstrated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of late pregnancy dating by head circumference on the detection of late onset growth restriction, compared to first trimester crown-rump length dating.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cohort study of 14 013 pregnancies receiving obstetric care at a tertiary center over a three-year period. Universal scans were performed at 12 weeks, including crown-rump length; at 20 weeks including fetal biometry; and at 36 weeks, where biometry, umbilical artery doppler and cerebroplacental ratio were used to determine the incidence of fetal growth restriction according to the Delphi consensus. For the entire cohort, the gestational age was first calculated using T1 dating; and was then recalculated using head circumference at 20 weeks (T2 dating); and at 36 weeks (T3 dating). The incidence of fetal growth restriction following T2 and T3 dating was compared to T1 dating using four-by-four sensitivity tables.
RESULTS: When the cohort was redated from T1 to T2, the median gestation at delivery changed from 40 + 0 to 40 + 2 weeks (p < 0.001). When the cohort was redated from T1 to T3, the median gestation at delivery changed from 40 + 0 to 40 + 3 weeks (p < 0.001). T2 dating resulted in fetal growth restriction sensitivity of 80.2% with positive predictive value of 78.8% compared to T1 dating. T3 dating resulted in sensitivity of 8.6% and positive predictive value of 27.7%, respectively. The sensitivity of abnormal CPR remained high despite T2 and T3 redating; 98.0% and 89.4%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Although dating at 11-14 weeks is recommended, late pregnancy dating is sometimes inevitable, and this can prolong the estimated due date by an average of two to three days. One in five pregnancies which would be classified as growth restricted if the pregnancy was dated in the first trimester, will be reclassified as nongrowth restricted following dating at 20 weeks, whereas nine out of 10 pregnancies will be reclassified as non-growth restricted with 36-week dating.
OBJECTIVE: Fetal Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction (LUTO) is associated with oligohydramnios and significant fetal morbidity, resulting in poor lung development and perinatal death. However, oligohydramnios may develop at different gestational periods, and the impact of timing on fetal outcomes remains unknown. Our objective was to characterize the impact onset of oligohydramnios had on prenatal outcomes.
METHODS: This study is a retrospective cohort study of all patients with a prenatal diagnosis of LUTO at our tertiary referral center from 2014 to 2023. All patients underwent detailed ultrasonography and interdisciplinary counseling and were subsequently delivered at our institution. Data were obtained from electronic medical records and complete extraction was required for final inclusion.
RESULTS: During the study time period, 93 patients met inclusion criteria of which 68 (73.1%) developed oligohydramnios during their pregnancy. 63 (93%) of these pregnancies resulted in livebirths with 28 (41.1%) perinatal deaths. Onset of oligohydramnios was earlier in pregnancies with perinatal death (23 vs. 28 weeks, p = 0.004) and associated with pulmonary hypoplasia.
CONCLUSIONS: Our data show the impact of oligohydramnios timing in pregnancy on pulmonary hypoplasia and ultimately perinatal death. This allows for detailed patient counseling on the impact oligohydramnios may have on pregnancies by the gestational age of onset.
Previous studies have highlighted the antitumor effects of mesenchymal stem cell‑derived extracellular vesicles (MSC‑EVs), positioning them as a promising therapeutic avenue for cancer treatment. However, some researchers have proposed a bidirectional influence of MSC‑EVs on tumors, determined by the specific tissue origin of the MSCs and the types of tumors involved. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of human placenta MSC‑derived extracellular vesicles (hPMSC‑EVs) on the malignant behavior of a mouse breast cancer model of 4T1 cells in vitro and in vivo. The findings revealed that hPMSC‑EVs significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and colony formation of cultured 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells without inducing apoptosis. Exposure to conditioned medium from 4T1 cells pretreated with hPMSC‑EVs resulted in decreased angiogenic activity, accompanied by the downregulation of angiogenesis‑promoting genes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In murine xenograft models derived from the 4T1 cell line, local administration of hPMSC‑EVs substantially hindered tumor growth. Further results revealed that hPMSC‑EVs inhibited angiogenesis in vivo, as reflected by the use of a vascular growth factor receptor 2‑Fluc transgenic mouse model. In summary, the results confirmed that hPMSC‑EVs negatively modulated breast cancer growth by suppressing tumor cell proliferation and migration via an indirect antiangiogenic mechanism. These results underscored the therapeutic potential of EVs, suggesting a promising avenue for alternative anticancer treatments in the future.
A multiparticulate tablet which disintegrates in contact with the salvia in the mouth in less than 40 seconds characterised in that it is based on particles of coated active principle which have intrinsic compression characteristics and a mixture of excipients. The ratio of excipient mixture to coated active principle particles being from 04 to 6 parts by weight. The mixture of the excipients comprises: 1. a disintegration agent; 2. a soluble diluent agent with binding properties which consists of polyol having less than 13 carbon atoms. It is the form of either: o a directly compressible product with an average particle diameter of about 100 to 500 micrometers, or o in the form of a powder with an average particle diameter of less than 100 micrometers. In the case where there is only one soluble diluent agent with binding properties, it is used in the form of the directly compressible product. Where there are at least two soluble diluent agents with binding properties, one is present in the directly compressible form and the other is present in the powder form. Where it is possible for the polyols to be the same, the ratio of directly compressible polyol to powder polyol is from 99/1 to 20/80. 3. a lubricant 4. a permeabilising agent, and 5. sweeteners, flavourings and colours. The proportion of disintegration agent being from 1 to 15% by weight and the proportion of soluble agent being from 30 to 90% by weight, based on the weight of the tablet.
Video of the exercises and conventional physiotherapy. 45 minutes twice a day, 5 days a week for 2 weeks.
Taking of medicaments is registered. Failure to do so on time, in accordance with prescription, causes an alarm signal.  An Independent claim is included for the corresponding method of medicament storage. Preferred features: Medicament removal is registered from conductive tracks on its pack. On taking the dose, these are parted, altering electrical resistance. For each dose there is a track, of which the resistance is measured separately. A track associated with a single dose is connected in parallel to a second permanent track. Several such tracks differentiating doses, are connected in series. Thus the total resistance is a function of the number of parted tracks. An additional track provides for reference measurements of connection resistances. Removal of a dose is registered by a sensor employing mechanical, optical, pressure variation, electromagnetic or acoustic effects. The alarm is optical, acoustic, electromagnetic or tactile. Alarm is transmitted indirectly or directly to telecommunications units e.g. a mobile phone, pager, or E-mail sender. The pack includes coded information concerning type of medicament, dosage and/or dosing frequency. It is in bar code, magnetic strip or plain text form. It is denoted by packaging shape, contained in a transponder or formed by conductive tracks in the pack. The storage unit has sensors capable of reading the cited information.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main causes of death in hemodialysis patients, representing a public health challenge. We investigated the effect of different antihypertensive treatments on circulating levels of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis. ESRD patients were grouped following the prescribed antihypertensive drugs: ß-blocker, ß-blocker+ACEi and ß-blocker+AT1R blocker. ESDR patients under no antihypertensive drug treatment were used as controls. Blood samples were collected before hemodialysis sessions. Enzymatic activities of the angiotensin-converting enzymes ACE and ACE2 were measured through fluorescence assays and plasma concentrations of the peptides Angiotensin II (Ang II) and Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] were quantified using mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). ACE activity was decreased only in the ß-blocker+ACEi group compared to the ß-blocker+AT1R, while ACE2 activity did not change according to the antihypertensive treatment. Both Ang II and Ang-(1-7) levels also did not change according to the antihypertensive treatment. We concluded that the treatment of ESRD patients on hemodialysis with different antihypertensive drugs do not alter the circulating levels of RAS components.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composition for use in prevention, treatment, and the like of infections, disorders, and diseases in humans and animals.SOLUTION: The invention discloses an antivirus composition containing terpene and fatty acid which are present in Scrophulariaceae plants. The composition further comprises other lipophilic components and glycoside aglycone which are present in the Scrophulariaceae plants. Preferably, the composition is obtained by extracting from roots and creeping stems of a mixture of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle, Picrorhiza scrophulariflora Pennell, and Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora. The invention also discloses solvents and combinations of the solvents. The composition is effective on both DNA and RNA viruses, also effective on infections and diseases by fungi, bacteria, parasites, and Protozoa, and also effective as a liver protection, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, and renoprotective drug. Administration of the composition to animals and other subjects makes it possible to prepare antibodies and vaccines for the diseases described.