anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a key determining agent in the pathophysiology of clinical organ dysfunction. It is characterized by an aseptic local inflammatory reaction due to a decrease in blood supply, hence deprivation of dependent oxygen and nutrients. In instances of liver transplantation, this injury may have irreversible implications, resulting in eventual organ rejection. The deterioration associated with IRI is affected by the hepatic health status and various factors such as alterations in metabolism, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The primary cause of inflammation is the initial immune response of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while Kupffer cells (KFCs) and neutrophil-produced chemokines also play a significant role. Upon reperfusion, the activation of inflammatory responses can elicit further cellular damage and organ dysfunction. This review discusses the interplay between chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators that contribute to the damage to hepatocytes and liver failure in rats following IR. Furthermore, it delves into the impact of anti-inflammatory therapies in safeguarding against liver failure and hepatocellular damage in rats following IR. This review investigates the correlation between cytokine factors and liver dysfunction via examining databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB), and Research Gate.
Nerve invasion (NI) is a characteristic feature of pancreatic cancer. Traditional dichotomous statements on the presence of NI are unreasonable because almost all cases exhibit NI when sufficient pathological sections are examined. The critical implications of NI in pancreatic cancer highlight the need for a more effective criterion. This study included 511 patients, who were categorized into a training group and a testing group at a ratio of 7:3. According to the traditional definition, NI was observed in 91.2 % of patients using five pathological slides in our study. The prevalence of NI increased as more pathological slides were used. The criterion of 'two points of intraneural (endoneural) invasion in the case of four pathological slides' has the highest receiver operating characteristic (ROC) score. Based on this new criterion, NI was proved to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) and was also correlated with tumor recurrence (P = 0.004). Interestingly, gemcitabine-based chemotherapy regimen is an independent favorable factor for patients with high NI. In the high NI group, patients who received a gemcitabine-based regimen exhibited a better prognosis than those who did not receive the gemcitabine-based regimen for OS (P = 0.000) and DFS (P = 0.001). In conclusion, this study establishes assessment criteria to evaluate the severity of NI in order to predict patient outcomes.
A stable thixotropic gel providing 1.23% fluoride ion. This is only for professional use and applied by the dentist. The teeth is cleaned and polished and the gel is applied onto a tray. It is filled upto one third of the tray according to manufacturer's instructions. The tray is then inserted into the mouth and the patient is asked to gently bite down lightly for 1 to 4 minutes.The tray is then removed and patient is asked to expectorate any material in the mouth. The patient is instructed not to eat, rinse or drink for 30 minutes.
BACKGROUND: Despite an increased risk of certain eye conditions which can lead to visual impairment (V.I.), there is evidence of a greater delay to treatment-seeking among adults from minority ethnic communities (MEC). MEC adults may also be underrepresented on V.I. registers, within early intervention services, and among the beneficiaries of national V.I. charities. However, much of this evidence is outdated or anecdotal.
METHODS: This secondary analysis of V.I. Lives survey data explored use of eye health and support services and mobility aids among a matched control sample of 77 MEC and 77 adults aged 18 and over from white communities (WC). Participants were matched on age, gender, UK region and urban/rural setting. Additional subgroup analysis was conducted for Asian (n = 46) and black participants (n = 22).
RESULTS: There were no significant group differences in areas such as eye health service use, registration status, contact with charities, and level of practical support received. But MEC participants were significantly more likely than WC participants to have received direct payments from social services to cover their care needs, Χ2 (1, 154) = 8.27, p = 0.004, and to use apps on their mobile for mobility, Χ2 (1, 154) = 5.75, p = 0.017. In contrast, WC participants were significantly more likely to agree that they were getting the level of emotional support to get on with their life, U = 3,638, p = 0.010, to feel confident to ask their friends for support, U = 2,416, p = 0.040, and to have a guide dog for mobility, Χ2 (1, 154) = 3.62, p = 0.057, although the latter did not reach statistical significance. Within the MEC group, Asian participants were significantly more likely than black participants to use a long cane, Χ2 (1, 68) = 7.24, p = 0.007, but they were significantly less likely to agree that they had received the right level of support when they started to experience V.I., U = 236.5, p = 0.040.
CONCLUSION: The preliminary findings suggests that there is scope to increase support provided by V.I. charities and the V.I. register, although, contrary to existing evidence, there were no statistically significant differences in eye health service use, registration status and use of wider support services. Further research is required to confirm these findings and explore reasons for differences.
In a relative bioavailability study in 15 healthy adult male volunteers, levocarnitine tablets were found to be bio-equivalent to levocarnitine oral solution. Following 4 days of dosing with 6 tablets of levocarnitine 330 mg b.i.d. or 2 g of levocarnitine oral solution b.i.d., the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was about 80 µmol/L and the time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) occurred at 3.3 hours.

The plasma concentration profiles of levocarnitine after a slow 3 minute intravenous bolus dose of 20 mg/kg of levocarnitine were described by a two-compartment model. Following a single i.v. administration, approximately 76% of the levocarnitine dose was excreted in the urine during the 0-24h interval. Using plasma concentrations uncorrected for endogenous levocarnitine, the mean distribution half life was 0.585 hours and the mean apparent terminal elimination half life was 17.4 hours.

The absolute bioavailability of levocarnitine from the two oral formulations of levocarnitine, calculated after correction for circulating endogenous plasma concentrations of levocarnitine, was 15.1 ± 5.3% for levocarnitine tablets and 15.9 ± 4.9% for levocarnitine oral solution.

Total body clearance of levocarnitine (Dose/AUC including endogenous baseline concentrations) was a mean of 4.00 L/h.

Levocarnitine was not bound to plasma protein or albumin when tested at any concentration or with any species including the human.9
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. During the progression of DN, the proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) leads to the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) in the mesangial region, eventually resulting in glomerulosclerosis. Rutaecarpine (Rut), an alkaloid found in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Fructus Evodiae (Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.), has many biological activities. However, its mechanism of action in DN remains unknown. This study used db/db mice and high glucose (HG)-treated mouse mesangial cells (SV40 MES-13) to evaluate the protective effects of Rut and underlying mechanisms on GMCs in DN. We found that Rut alleviated urinary albumin and renal function and significantly relieved renal pathological damage. In addition, Rut decreased the ECM production, and renal inflammation and suppressed the activation of TGF-β1/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Protein kinase CK2α (CK2α) was identified as the target of Rut by target prediction, molecular docking, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Furthermore, Rut could not continue to play a protective role in HG-treated SV40 cells after silencing CK2α. In summary, this study is the first to find that Rut can suppress ECM production and inflammation in HG-treated SV40 cells by inhibiting the activation of TGF-β1/Smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways and targeting CK2α. Thus, Rut can potentially become a novel treatment option for DN.
The efficacy and safety of pioglitazone as add-on to metformin therapy have been established in two clinical studies [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

The two clinical trials testing pioglitazone as add-on to metformin therapy included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on any dose of metformin, either alone or in combination with another antidiabetic agent. All other antidiabetic agents were withdrawn at least three weeks prior to starting study treatment.

In the first trial, 328 patients were randomized to receive either 30 mg of pioglitazone or placebo once daily for 16 weeks in addition to their current metformin regimen. Treatment with pioglitazone as add-on to metformin produced statistically significant improvements in HbA1c and FPG at endpoint compared to placebo add-on to metformin (see Table 23).

In the second trial, 827 patients were randomized to receive either 30 mg or 45 mg of pioglitazone once daily for 24 weeks in addition to their current metformin regimen. The mean reduction from baseline at Week 24 in HbA1c was 0.8% for the 30 mg dose and 1.0% for the 45 mg dose (see Table 24). The mean reduction from baseline at Week 24 in FPG was 38 mg/dL for the 30 mg dose and 51 mg/dL for the 45 mg dose.

The therapeutic effect of pioglitazone in combination with metformin was observed in patients regardless of the metformin dose.
PURPOSE:To prepare a self-adhesive tape which firmly sticks to both dry and wet surfaces and has a long-lasting stickiness by spreading a silicone self-adhesive contg. a water-sol. polymer powder on a substrate. CONSTITUTION:A self-adhesive tape obtd. by mixing a silicone self-adhesive with a water-sol. polymer and spreading the mixture on a substrate. The silicone self adhesive is, e.g. one contg. a mixture of a resinous polyorganosiloxane copolymer with a polyorganosiloxane. Examples of the water-sol. polymer include a carboxyvinyl polymer and its water-sol. salt, a polyacrylamide and its copolymer with the carboxyvinyl polymer, and a partially crosslinked product of the copolymer. Paper, nonwoven fabric, polyolefin film, etc., are examples of the substrate. The self-adhesive tape changes its stickiness to dry and wet surfaces depending upon the combination of chemical species, mol.wt., and particle size, etc., of both the silicone self-adhesive and the water-sol. polymer.
Wellbutrin XL (bupropion hydrochloride), an antidepressant of the aminoketone class, is chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, or other known antidepressant agents. Its structure closely resembles that of diethylpropion; it is related to phenylethylamines. It is designated as (±)-1-(3-chorophenyl)-2-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]-1-propanone hydrochloride. The molecular weight is 276.2. The molecular formula is C13H18ClNO•HCl. Bupropion hydrochloride powder is white, crystalline, and highly soluble in water. It has a bitter taste and produces the sensation of local anesthesia on the oral mucosa. The structural formula is: 

Wellbutrin XL tablets are supplied for oral administration as 150 mg and 300 mg creamy-white to pale yellow extended-release tablets. Each tablet contains the labeled amount of bupropion hydrochloride and the inactive ingredients: ethylcellulose, glyceryl behenate, methacrylic acid copolymer dispersion, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, povidone, silicon dioxide, and triethyl citrate. The tablets are printed with edible black ink.

The insoluble shell of the extended-release tablet may remain intact during gastrointestinal transit and is eliminated in the feces.
BACKGROUND: Elderly hemodialysis (HD) patients have a high risk of death. The effect of different types of HD membranes on survival is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the use of low-flux or high-flux membranes and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly hemodialysis patients.
METHODS: This was a retrospective clinical study involving maintenance hemodialysis patients which were categorized into low-flux and high-flux groups according to the dialyzer they were using. Propensity score matching was used to balance the baseline data of the two groups. Survival rates were compared between the two groups, and the risk factors for death were analyzed by multivariate Cox regression.
RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed no significant difference in all-cause mortality between the low-flux group and the high-flux group (log-rank test, p = 0.559). Cardiovascular mortality was significantly greater in the low-flux group than in the high-flux group (log-rank test, p = 0.049). After adjustment through three different multivariate models, we detected no significant difference in all-cause mortality. Patients in the high-flux group had a lower risk of cardiovascular death than did those in the low-flux group (HR = 0.79, 95% CI, 0.54-1.16, p = 0.222; HR = 0.58, 95% CI, 0.37-0.91, p = 0.019).
CONCLUSIONS: High-flux hemodialysis was associated with a lower relative risk of cardiovascular mortality in elderly MHD patients. High-flux hemodialysis did not improve all-cause mortality rate. Differences in urea distribution volume, blood flow, and systemic differences in solute clearance by dialyzers were not further analyzed, which are the limitations of this study.
In stage III, carers of patients recruited on an experimental cancer medicine trial will be asked to complete a draft PREM-ECM-carers, the Adult Carer Quality of Life Questionnaire (AC-QOL), the EQ5D-5L, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at entry to the PREM study (baseline/time point 1 (T1)). Approximately 50 carers will be asked to repeat the draft of the PREM-ECM-carers approximately one week later at time point 2 (T2). In Stage IV, the PREM-ECM-carer will be administered alone.
We aimed to explore and analyse the dietary intake patterns of 3-6 year-old children left behind by one or both parents and to assess their associations with body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of childhood anaemia in rural Anhui, eastern China. We used random cluster sampling to recruit rural children aged 3-6 years in two rural areas in Anhui province. Sociodemographic information and dietary intake were collected by self-reported questionnaires. Height, weight and prevalence of anaemia were measured by trained nurses blinded to parental migration status. Factor analysis was applied to determine that major dietary patterns, binary logistic regression and generalised linear regression were used to explore the associations between anaemia and BMI Z-score with dietary patterns. Of 1720 children aged 3-6 years, 236 were left by both parents and 388 were left by a single parent. The prevalence of stunting and underweight among left-behind children with migration of both parents (BLBC) was significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children (NLBC). Three dietary patterns-"grain-vegetable," "meat-egg" and "fast food-sweet"-were identified in our study, and the total variance explained was 46.9%. The meat-egg dietary pattern was associated with a decreased risk of anaemia after adjustment for confounding factors in the left-behind children with migration of both parents (BLBC), left-behind children with single parent migration (SLBC) and non-left-behind children (NLBC) groups. After adjusting for confounding factors, the fast food-sweet dietary pattern was found to be associated with an increased risk of anaemia (OR [95% CI]: Q4: 2.21 [1.14, 4.57], p = 0.034). In addition, children with obesity had a lower intake of vegetables and fruits (β = -0.08, 95% CI: -0.13, -0.02) compared with children with a normal weight. In conclusion, there are correlations between different types of parental migration and children's nutritional status in rural Anhui. The meat-egg dietary pattern may have a preventive effect on anaemia in comparison with other dietary patterns, irrespective of whether children are left behind or not. Children with overweight and obesity had a higher intake of pork and red meat and snacks compared with children with normal BMI.
This is a double blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty-two subject will be recruited with non-probability consecutive sampling method. Subjects who meet all inclusion criteria and do not have exclusion criteria will be asked to sign the informed consent form before included in this study. Subjects will be randomized into two groups. The first group is the treatment group who will get Bilateral Transversus Thoracis Muscle Plane Block after induction of anesthesia and the second group will be the control group who will not get any regional block during surgery. After surgery, time to first morphine dose, total morphine consumption in 24 hours, extubation time, and adverse events will be recorded for both group.
Anti-partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT) treatment of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) represents a promising therapeutic approach. Hyperuricemia nephropathy (HN) arises as a consequence of hyperuricemia (HUA)-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). Studies have suggested that the Ras homolog member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway is a crucial signaling transduction system in renal fibrosis. Fasudil, a RhoA/ROCK inhibitor, has exhibited the potential to prevent fibrosis progress. However, its impact on the pEMT of TECs in HN remains unclear. Here, an HN rat model and an uric acid (UA)-stimulated human kidney 2 (HK2) cell model were established and treated with Fasudil to explore its effects. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of action involved in the attenuation of pEMT in TECs by Fasudil during HN was probed by using multiple molecular approaches. The HN rat model exhibited significant renal dysfunction and histopathological damage, whereas in vitro and in vivo experiments further confirmed the pEMT status accompanied by RhoA/ROCK pathway activation and oxidative stress in tubular cells exposed to UA. Notably, Fasudil ameliorated these pathological changes, and this was consistent with the trend of ROCK silencing in vitro. Mechanistically, we identified the Neh2 domain of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a target of Fasudil for the first time. Fasudil targets Nrf2 activation and antagonizes oxidative stress to attenuate the pEMT of TECs in HN. Our findings suggest that Fasudil attenuates oxidative stress-induced pEMT of TECs in HN by targeting Nrf2 activation. Thus, Fasudil is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HN.
Participants performed 2 different forms of exercise of identical duration and similar total energy expenditure. One form was purely aerobic in nature and the other was intermittent, high-intensity exercise.
Solid organ transplant recipients receive lifelong immunosuppression and are at increased risk for reactivation of all herpesviruses including VZV. Epidemiologic studies show the cumulative incidence in lung transplant recipients of reactivation to be 15-20%. A non-live, recombinant subunit vaccine (Shingrix; GSK vaccines) was recently licensed for the prevention of shingles in people aged 50 years or older. The investigators plan to study the immunogenicity of the vaccine before and after lung transplantation. Patients (at least 50 years old) before and after lung transplantation will be enrolled. The investigators hypothesize that the recombinant varicella-zoster subunit vaccine is able to induce cellular immunogenicity after transplantation.
All the experimental group participants will receive conventional neuro rehabilitation for 45 minutes along with California tri-pull taping on the subluxed extremity. Lead researcher applied the CTPT method. The tape was applied as following manner.

Before the first intervention day, participants with hair on their shoulder or upper arm were asked to shave the area. Two types of tape was used, a self-adhesive 1.5" cotton undercover tape and a 1" rigid strapping tape. Participants placed their affected arm on a supporting surface to better approximate the humeral head back into the glenoid fossa. The three pieces of rigid tape were applied to the patient's shoulder on top of the already applied self-adhesive cotton tape. The first piece (medial) was applied from 1.5" below the deltoid tuberosity running straight up the middle of the arm to 2" above the top of the glenoid fossa between the clavicle and the spine of the scapula. The second piece (posterior) was located from 1.5" below the deltoid tuberosity to 1.5" above the middle of the spine of the scapula. The medial border of this second piece ran along the acromial process. Last, the third piece (anterior) was located from 1.5" below the deltoid tuberosity to run around the front of the humeral head and over the coracoid process, up to 1.5" above the clavicle. The tape will removed and new tape applied every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday and remained on the patient for 6 consecutive weeks.

Following the 6 weeks, each patients of both group was individually re-assessed and evaluated the effect of intervention and parameters were recorded. The recording and measurement obtained before and after intervention was subjected to statistical analysis and the result of that interpreted to obtain the significance of study.
FIC block will be performed in the supine position. The linear probe is placed transversely to identify the femoral artery, iliopsoas muscle, and fascia iliaca at the inguinal crease. The probe will be tilted cranially and caudally until optimal images of the fascia iliaca are obtained. Block needle (50 mm, 22G) will be passed through the iliac fascia via the in-plane method. Once the needle tip will be placed within the interfacial plane and after careful aspiration to rule out intravascular needle placement, 2 mL of saline will be injected to confirm the proper injection site, and then a dose of 0.25% bupivacaine 30 mL will be injected.
Dietary control remains an important way for nutritional intervention of metabolic related fatty liver disease. However, studies shows that patients have low compliance to the traditional diet. The topic proposed based on previous studies，recruiting of 220 obesity patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease aged 18-60. After the informed consent, they will be randomly divided into intervention group and control group, intervention group will be given healthy vegetarian diet intervention and the control group given healthy omnivorous diet. Both diets are in line with the principles of fatty liver treatment. Interventions consisted primarily of face-to -face interview monthly and online interview every 2 weeks, which will be performed by professional dietitians. All participants were asked not to alter their exercise patterns during the study period. The primary outcome was the weight of fat mass after 24 weeks intervention. Secondary outcomes included imaging findings (B-ultrasonic examination and Fibroscan) of MAFLD, liver function, anthropometric measures, plasma lipid and glucose levels. At the meantime, serum oxidative stress indices, results of compliance survey and metabolites of Intestinal flora will be collected and analyzed. Through the above detection of the indicators related to MAFLD and obesity, it is explored whether the vegetarian diet can be an efficient and feasible way to the nutritional therapy of MAFLD.