anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category C. 

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Levalbuterol Inhalation Solution in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, Levalbuterol Inhalation Solution should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. 

During worldwide marketing experience, various congenital anomalies, including cleft palate and limb defects, have been reported in newborns of women treated with racemic albuterol which contains the levalbuterol isomer (active drug substance of Levalbuterol Inhalation Solution). However, since multiple medications were taken during some of the pregnancies and there was no consistent pattern of anomalies, it was not possible to establish a relationship between racemic albuterol use and the occurrence of these congenital anomalies. 

In animal studies, oral administration of levalbuterol HCl to pregnant New Zealand White rabbits found no evidence of teratogenicity at doses up to 25 mg/kg/day (approximately 108 times the maximum recommended daily inhalation [MRDI] dose of levalbuterol HCl for adults on a mg/m2 basis). 

However, other studies demonstrated that racemic albuterol sulfate was teratogenic in mice and rabbits at doses comparable to the human therapeutic range. Pregnant mice administered racemic albuterol sulfate subcutaneously had a dose-related increased incidence of cleft palate in their fetuses (4.5% of fetuses at 0.25 mg/kg/day or greater, corresponding to approximately 0.3 times the MRDI dose, 9.3% of fetuses at 2.5 mg/kg/day, approximately 3 times the MRDI dose of levalbuterol HCl for adults on a mg/m2 basis). The drug did not induce cleft palate formation when administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.025 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.03 times the MRDI dose of levalbuterol HCl for adults on a mg/m2 basis). In addition, oral administration of racemic albuterol sulfate to pregnant rabbits resulted in an increased incidence of cranioschisis in fetuses (approximately 215 times the MRDI dose of levalbuterol HCl for adults on a mg/m2 basis). 

Non-Teratogenic Effects: A study in which pregnant rats were dosed with radiolabeled racemic albuterol sulfate demonstrated that drug-related material is transferred from the maternal circulation to the fetus.
The invention relates to novel epothilone derivatives of general formula (1), wherein R 5  represents a halogen atom or a cyano group and the other substituents have the meanings as cited in the description. The novel compounds interact with tubulin by stabilizing formed microtubules. They are capable of influencing the cell division in a phase-specific manner and are well-suited for the treatment of malignant tumors, for example, ovarian, stomach, colon, adeno, breast, lung, head and neck carcinomas, malignant melanoma, acute lymphocytic and myelocytic leukemia. In addition, they are well-suited for anti-angiogenesis therapy and for the treatment of chronic inflammable medical disorders (psoriasis, arthritis). In order to prevent uncontrolled cell growths as well as to improve the compatibility of medical implants, the inventive epothilone derivatives can be applied to or introduced into polymeric materials. The inventive compounds can be used alone or in order to obtain additive or synergistic effects, in conjunction with additional principles and substance classes that can be used in tumor therapy.
Background: Os acromiale (OA) is an uncommon pathology with a variable prevalence rate among different populations. Objectives: The aim of this study was to report the frequency of OA utilizing shoulder MRI of patients with shoulder pathology. Methods: It was a retrospective study. After obtaining our IRB approval, we gathered all shoulder and upper arm MRIs from the radiology department and evaluated them. Results: The prevalence of OA was found to be 3.32%. The mean age of the affected patients was 50.87 years (25-81). Conclusion: The rate of OA in patients presenting with shoulder pain is 3.32% in Saudi Arabia, which correlates with what has been previously reported in the literature.
Patients randomized to this arm will receive an ultrasound-guided bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block using 0.15 ml/kg of 0.2% ropivacaine per side, for a total of 0.3 ml/kg immediately after induction of general anesthesia and prior to incision. Participants will also receive local infiltration of the palate with an equivalent injection volume of 0.9% saline with 1:400,000 epinephrine at 2 ml/kg. Pediatric anesthesiologists with fellowship training in regional anesthesia will perform the nerve block. Local anesthetic infiltration will be performed by one of four board-certified pediatric plastic and craniofacial surgeons during repair of the palate. Patients, parents, surgeons, and the anesthesiologist will not be blinded to the specific intervention group due to the nature of the procedures involved. Nurses and the two key personnel responsible for data collection and analysis will be blinded throughout the entirety of the study.
Compositions, materials incorporating the compositions, and methods of use thereof, are disclosed. In one embodiment, the composition includes a metal nitrate selected from d-block metal nitrates and f-block metal nitrates and a metal salt having weakly bound counter anions. The metal of the metal salt having weakly hound counter anions is selected from a d-block metal and an f-block metal. Another embodiment of the composition includes a first polyoxometalate having a first metal selected from a d-block metal and an f-block metal and a second polyoxometalate having a second metal selected from a d-block metal and an f-block metal. The first metal being an open coordinate site of the first polyoxometalate. In addition, the first metal has a nitrate terminal ligand. The second metal being an open coordinate site of the second polyoxometalate. In addition, the second metal has a halide terminal ligand.
BACKGROUND: To delineate the levels of serum Hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and study comparisons with those of individuals afflicted with cirrhosis.
METHODS: Adult patients diagnosed with HBV-related cirrhosis or HCC (initial diagnosis) were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. Serum HBV DNA level was quantified through a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay with a lower limit of quantification (LLQ) of 20 IU/ml. Additionally, serum HBV RNA was quantified employing RNA real-time fluorescence thermostatic amplification detection technology with LLQ of 100 copies/ml. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to ensure balance in between-group confounders.
RESULTS: A total of 187 patients (47 with HCC and 140 with cirrhosis) were recruited, among whom 140 (74.9%) had undergone antiviral therapy prior to their inclusion, with varying durations. Serum HBV RNA was detectable in 89.4% of HCC patients at the time of carcinoma diagnosis. After PSM, individuals with HCC exhibited significantly elevated levels of serum HBV DNA and HBV RNA compared to those with cirrhosis (median lgHBV RNA 3.1 vs 2.0 copies/ml, P = 0.001). Subgroup analysis, including 38 patients who exhibited ultrasensitive HBV DNA negativity, revealed similar results (median lgHBV RNA 3.0 vs 0.0 copies/ml, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Serum HBV RNA levels were significantly higher in HBV-related HCC patients compared to cirrhotic patients. The presence of serum HBV RNA positivity or elevated levels was associated with the onset of HCC.
Active PNS will be administered by 2 pairs of surface electrodes (cathode proximal). One pair will overly the median and ulnar nerves at the wrist, and the other pair will overly the radial nerve. Trains of electric stimulation will be delivered at 1 Hz by using isolation units connected to a square pulse stimulator.
PURPOSE: If not eliminated by the immune system and persisting over years, oropharyngeal high-risk HPV infection can lead to cancer development in the oropharynx. HPV infection is very commonly found in the genital region and can serve as an HPV reservoir. In this study, we investigate whether women with a genital HPV infection are at a higher risk of harboring an undetected oropharyngeal HPV infection via genital-oropharyngeal transmission.
METHODS: Women presenting for routine gynecological checkups were included in this study. All participants received an HPV brush test from the genital region as well as from the oropharynx. Additionally, probable risk factors for an HPV infection were assessed in a structured questionnaire.
RESULTS: 142 women were included in this study. The rate of oropharyngeal HPV infection was low with 2/142 (1,4%) women positive for a low-risk HPV genotype. In the genital brush test, 54/142 (38%) women were tested HPV positive of which 41/142 (29%) were positive for a high-risk HPV genotype.
CONCLUSIONS: The rate of an oropharyngeal HPV detection in our population was low with 2/142 women harboring a low-risk HPV infection.
The present invention relates to a method for suppressing RAS activated in a cell by using an antibody having cytoplasm penetration capacity and complete immunoglobulin form. In addition, the present invention relates to a heavy chain variable region (VH) that induces bonding, with RAS activated in a cytoplasm, by means of the active penetration, by an antibody having complete immunoglobulin form, of the cytoplasm of a living cell by endocytosis and endosomal escape, and an antibody comprising same. Also, the present invention relates to a method for treating cancer or tumors or for inhibiting the growth of cancer or tumor cells by using the antibody. The present invention also relates to a method for screening a heavy chain variable region that specifically bonds to RAS in a cytoplasm. The present invention also relates to a bioactive molecule fused to the antibody. The present invention also relates to a composition for preventing, treating or diagnosing cancer, comprising the antibody or the bioactive molecule fused to same. The present invention also relates to a polynucleotide that codes a light chain variable region and the antibody.
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effectiveness of a specialized manual physical therapy (PT) program at improving voice among patients diagnosed with concomitant muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) and cervicalgia at a tertiary care voice center.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cervicalgia was determined by palpation of the anterior neck. Both voice therapy (VT) and PT was recommended for all patients diagnosed with MTD and cervicalgia. PT included full-body manual physical therapy with myofascial release. Patients underwent: 1) VT alone, 2) concurrent PT and VT (PT with VT), 3) PT alone, 4) VT, but did not have PT ordered by treating clinician (VT without PT order) or 5) VT followed by PT (VT then PT). The pairwise difference in post-Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) controlling for baseline variables was calculated with a linear regression model.
RESULTS: 178 patients met criteria. All groups showed improvement with treatment. The covariate-adjusted differences in mean post-VHI-10 improvement comparing the VT alone group as a reference were as follows: PT with VT 9.95 (95% confidence interval 7.70, 12.20); PT alone 8.31 (6.16, 10.45); VT without PT order 8.51 (5.55, 11.47); VT then PT 5.47 (2.51, 8.42).
CONCLUSION: Among patients diagnosed with MTD with cervicalgia, treatment with a specialized PT program was associated with improvement in VHI-10 scores regardless of whether they had VT. While VT is the standard of care for MTD, PT may also offer benefit for MTD patients with cervicalgia.
OBJECTIVE: Anastomotic complications after tracheal resection/cricotracheal resection (TR/CTR), such as granulation tissue formation, can lead to severe morbidity. The off-label use of nebulized ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone (Ciprodex) for granulation tissue prophylaxis has anecdotally been used after TR/CTR, especially in pediatric patients. However, its use in the adult population, and its safety and side effect profile post-TR/CTR has not been reported. This study aims to characterize the incidence of adverse side effects associated with nebulized Ciprodex in post-TR/CTR patients.
METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent TR/CTR from June 2015 to July 2023 was performed. The use of nebulized Ciprodex (1 mL ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone 0.3%-0.1% otic suspension in 4 mL normal saline) while inpatient was evaluated. Potential side effects were defined as oral thrush, ageusia, arthralgia, and allergic reaction, and were recorded for all patients.
RESULTS: Seventy-three patients underwent TR/CTR from June 2015 to July 2023. Of these, 53 (72.6%) had documented Ciprodex administration during their postoperative course. One (1.9%) patient reported at least one side effect, including one instance of skin rash (1.9%) and one instance of allergic reaction (1.9%). There were no other side effects attributed to Ciprodex use.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of side effects related to the use of nebulized Ciprodex is felt to be minimal in post-TR/CTR. Although Ciprodex may have the potential to treat granulation tissue in the airway, further studies are needed to verify its efficacy and safety.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 134:3695-3697, 2024.
Adults

The recommended starting brexpiprazole tablets dosage for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults is 1 mg orally once daily on Days 1 to 4. Titrate to 2 mg once daily on Day 5 through Day 7. On Day 8, the dosage can be increased to the maximum recommended daily dosage of 4 mg based on clinical response and tolerability. The recommended target dosage is 2 mg to 4 mg once daily.

Pediatric use information is approved for Otsuka Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd.’s Rexulti® (brexpiprazole) tablets. However, due to Otsuka Pharmaceutical Company, LTD.’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information.
OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among beneficiaries of the Military Health System (MHS) is 41.6% and 30.5%, respectively. This incurs significant medical, fiscal, and military readiness costs. It is not currently known how the utilization of antiobesity medications (AOMs) within the MHS compares with that in the Veterans Health Administration or the private sector. Our aim was to assess the utilization of AOMs within the MHS.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data gathered from the MHS Data Repository and the inclusion of all adult TRICARE Prime and Plus beneficiaries ages 18 to 64 years who were prescribed at least one TRICARE-approved AOM during the years 2018 to 2022.
RESULTS: The total study population included 4,414,127 beneficiaries, of whom 1,871,780 were active-duty service members. The utilization of AOMs among the eligible population was 0.56% (0.44% among active-duty personnel). Liraglutide was the most-prescribed AOM (36% of the total). Female sex, age greater than or equal to 30 but less than 60 years, and enlisted or warrant officer rank were all associated with statistically significant higher odds of receiving AOMs.
CONCLUSIONS: Comparable with the US private sector, the MHS significantly underutilizes AOMs, including among active-duty service members, despite coverage of AOMs since 2018.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of TEMODAR. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to the drug exposure.

TEMODAR Capsules: allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported. Erythema multiforme has been reported, which resolved after discontinuation of TEMODAR and, in some cases, recurred upon rechallenge. Cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome have been reported.

There have been reported cases of hepatotoxicity, including elevations of liver enzymes, hyperbilirubinemia, cholestasis, and hepatitis.

Opportunistic infections including Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) have also been reported. Cases of interstitial pneumonitis/pneumonitis, alveolitis, and pulmonary fibrosis have been reported. Prolonged pancytopenia, which may result in aplastic anemia, has been reported, and in some cases has resulted in a fatal outcome.
This study will involve about 16 visits over 1½ years for specific tests of the participant's vision and health. These visits may include visual exams, blood draw for laboratory testing, brief medical history and exam, and occasionally a questionnaire (survey), in addition to the visit for the surgical procedures. The primary effectiveness outcome for this study will be a visual acuity score one year after the implant surgery. There will be about 13 centers participating in this study, and up to 60 people enrolled across the US. Each participant joining the study who has completed initial screening will then be scheduled to have a brief surgical procedure performed on each eye, one of which will include a very small cell-filled implant. Follow-up visits for repeat assessments will be required regularly to determine if the implant being tested is safe and effective for use to treat RP.
Participants received ERT (either agalsidase alfa or agalsidase beta) as prescribed by the participant's treating physician and administered in accordance with the approved prescribing information during the 18-month randomized treatment period. Participants were required to be given \>80% of the currently labeled dose and regimen during the 18-month randomized treatment period. During the optional 12-month OLE period, participants received 150 mg migalastat orally QOD. Participants received an inactive reminder capsule on alternate days during the OLE.
Systemic reactions consist primarily of allergic symptoms, such as generalized skin erythema, urticaria, pruritus, angioedema, rhinitis, wheezing, laryngeal edema, and hypotension. Additional symptoms that are not usually associated with allergy also may occur, such as nausea, emesis, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Serious reactions may cause shock, loss of consciousness, and even death. Based on published studies, 7,8 systemic reactions occur in less than 1% of patients receiving conventional immunotherapy to greater than 36% in some studies of patients receiving rush immunotherapy. 

Local reactions at the injections site are the most commonly occurring reactions (e.g., erythema, itching, swelling, tenderness, pain). Although most adverse systemic reactions occur within 30 minutes of injection (some within minutes of extract exposure), such reactions also can occur up to six hours after skin tests or immunotherapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. 9
INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of warm water (WW) foot bath with or without lavender oil for pain and sleep quality in the patients who undergone abdominal surgeries.
MATERIALS AND METHOD: This study was designed as a prospective randomized controlled. The three study groups were defined as the control group (n = 44), the WW foot bath group (n = 46), WW foot bath with the lavender group (n = 40). Foot baths were done for 20 min with 40 °C every night for 3 days after surgery. Visual Analogue Scale and Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire were used during data collection.
RESULTS: A total of 130 patients, mean age 55.99 ±  ± 13.05 years, 66 male (51 %), 103 of whom underwent abdominal surgery, were included in the study. When the patients during the postoperative three days were evaluated, decreased pain score and increased sleep quality both the WW and WW foot bath with lavender groups (p < 0.001). Noise-related sleep quality was detected to be lesser in the control group patients on the 3rd day (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: WW foot bath with or without lavender oil is an uncomplicated, economical, and effective complementary therapy to reduce postoperative pain and improve sleep quality. WW foot baths with essential oils are optionally available in clinics and can be used according to patients' preferences.
VC creates structured if-then plans to dismantle context-linked alcohol use. Participants will receive up to 3 messages a day that include assessment and intervention messages.
Educators and students complete a baseline survey. Educators will implement 6 lessons, each 45 minutes, in the classroom. Educators are free to choose the time between lessons, so some can implement all in one week, others can choose to implement once per week. Educators are given a maximum of 6 weeks to implement the curriculum. Educators and students complete a post-program survey. Students complete a 6- and 12-month follow-up survey.
The brain changes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include Abeta (Aβ) amyloid plaques ("A"), abnormally phosphorylated tau tangles ("T"), and neurodegeneration ("N"). These have been used to construct in vivo and postmortem diagnostic and staging classifications for evaluating the spectrum of AD in the "ATN" and "ABC" ("B" for Braak tau stage, "C" for Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease [CERAD] neuritic plaque density) systems. Another common AD feature involves cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We report the first experiment to examine relationships among cognition, brain distribution of amyloid plaques, CAA, tau/tangles, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-determined volume changes (as a measure of "N") in the same group of behaviorally characterized nonhuman primates. Both ATN and ABC systems were applied to a group of 32 rhesus macaques aged between 7 and 33 years. When an immunohistochemical method for "T" and "B" was used, some monkeys were "triple positive" on ATN, with a maximum ABC status of A1B2C3. With silver or thioflavin S methods, however, all monkeys were classified as T-negative and B0, indicating the absence of mature neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and hence neuropathologically defined AD. Although monkeys at extremes of the ATN and ABC classifications, or with frequent CAA, had significantly lower scores on some cognitive tests, the lack of fully mature NFTs or dementia-consistent cognitive impairment indicates that fully developed AD may not occur in rhesus macaques. There were sex differences noted in the types of histopathology present, and only CAA was significantly related to gray matter volume.
PURPOSE:To provide a powdery agent for coating and protecting the nasal mucosa, by using a lower alkyl ether of cellulose having characteristics suitable to absorb water on the nasal mucosa and forming a poper liquid. CONSTITUTION:The objective agent is composed of a lower alkyl ether of cellulose (e.g. hydroxypropyl cellulose) exhibiting a viscosity of about >=5cps in the form of 2wt% aqueous solution at about 27 deg.C, wherein >= about 90wt% of the particles have effective diameter of about 20- about 250mu. The agent exhibits a certain extent of effect for the remedy or prevention of allergic rhinitis, etc. only by coating and protecting the nasal mucosa without using an active drug. The coating and protecting agent is preferably encapsulated in a capsule such as hard gelatin capsule.
A 75-year-old woman was referred to our department in October 2022 with ataxia and involuntary movements of the right upper and lower limbs. She had experienced a left pontine hemorrhage in March 2021, which was managed conservatively. However, she had residual right-sided hemiplegia. In addition, she had cerebellar ataxia and a 2 ‍Hz resting tremor of the right upper and lower limbs, which was enhanced while maintaining posture and contemplation. Based on her history, and the findings of MRI and nuclear medicine imaging, we diagnosed the patient with Holmes tremor due to pontine hemorrhage. Holmes tremor is a rare movement disorder secondary to brainstem and thalamic lesions, characterized by a unilateral low-frequency tremor. In this case, 123I-IMP SPECT and MRI shows damage to the cerebellothalamic tract and dentaro-rubro-olivary pathway.