anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid has been tested in intracerebral hemorrhage trials with overall neutral results. Ongoing contrast extravasation on CT angiography (spot sign) can identify individuals with ongoing bleeding who may benefit from anti-fibrinolytic therapy. We aimed to investigate the effect of tranexamic acid on hematoma growth in patients with spot signs treated within 4.5 hours of onset.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis, which we report according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Individual Participant Data guidelines. PubMed and Embase were searched from inception to May 29, 2023, using the terms ((stroke) AND (randomised OR randomized) AND (tranexamic acid) AND (haemorrhage OR hemorrhage)). We included randomized trials comparing tranexamic acid with placebo in participants with primary intracerebral hemorrhage who had a spot sign and who had follow-up imaging within the required timeframe. Individual patient data were provided by each study and were integrated by the coordinating center. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. The primary endpoint was hematoma growth within 24 hours, defined as ≥33% relative or ≥6 mL absolute hematoma expansion compared with baseline, analyzed using mixed-effects-modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors, adjusted for baseline hematoma volume. Safety outcomes were mortality and major thromboembolic events within 90 days.
RESULTS: Of 197 studies identified, 3 were eligible, contributing 162 participants for the primary analysis (60 female and 102 male). Hematoma growth occurred in 36 of 74 (49%) participants treated with tranexamic acid, compared with 48 of 88 (55%) participants treated with placebo (adjusted risk ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.84-0.89, p < 0.001). Adjusted median absolute hematoma growth was 1.60 mL (95% CI 0.77-2.43) lower with tranexamic acid vs placebo. No differences in functional outcome or safety were observed.
DISCUSSION: Tranexamic acid modestly reduced hematoma growth in patients with CT angiography spot signs treated within 4.5 hours of onset. Given the trials in the meta-analysis were individually neutral, these results require further validation before clinical application.
The group intervention implements a manualized treatment protocol outlining the content of each of the four 90 minute sessions. The sessions will include topics such as mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude and forgiveness, grief and growth, utilizing one's strengths, and resilience; with each session including homework exercises to be practiced between sessions. To assess the outcome measures, participants complete a baseline survey, a survey after the second session (2 weeks), a survey after the final session (4 weeks), and a follow-up survey 3 months after the workshop has ended (4 months).
The use of amino acid degrading enzymes derived from microbial sources has proven to be an effective means of controlling some forms of cancer auxotrophic for nonessential amino acids. Recently it has been shown that human melanomas are auxotrophic for arginine. As arginine is a nonessential amino acid for humans, elimination of it may prove to be an effective method for controlling cancer. Laboratory studies have provided promising results with the arginine-degrading enzyme arginine deiminase (ADI) coupled to polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance its circulating half-life.

In this study, patients each receive 3 intramuscular treatments of ADI-SS PEG over a 4-week period. There are 4 cohorts of patients each receiving a different dose level. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and toxicity, and immunogenicity studies will be performed.
PURPOSE:To prepare an interferon-containing composition soluble easily in water, by solubilizing an interferon useful as an antiviral agent, carcinostatic agent, etc. using an amino acid as the solubilizing agent. CONSTITUTION:An amino acid selected from arginine, histidine, lysine, hydroxylysine, ornithine, glutamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid and their salts is used as a solubilizing agent for an interferon selected from interferon-alpha, interferon-beta and interferon-gamma which is difficult to be separated and purified from the cultured product because of its slight solubility in water. The solubility of the interferon can be increased by this process. The amount of the amino acid is about 5X10<-5>-5X10<-3>mol per 1,000,000 units of the interferon. The amino acid is harmless to the living body and can be utilized as it is to the interferon preparation.
Entacapone is a selective and reversible inhibitor of COMT.  
  


In mammals, COMT is distributed throughout various organs with the highest activities in the liver and kidney. COMT also occurs in the heart, lung, smooth and skeletal muscles, intestinal tract, reproductive organs, various glands, adipose tissue, skin, blood cells, and neuronal tissues, especially in glial cells. COMT catalyzes the transfer of the methyl group of S‑adenosyl‑L‑methionine to the phenolic group of substrates that contain a catechol structure. Physiological substrates of COMT include dopa, catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) and their hydroxylated metabolites. The function of COMT is the elimination of biologically active catechols and some other hydroxylated metabolites. In the presence of a decarboxylase inhibitor, COMT becomes the major metabolizing enzyme for levodopa, catalyzing the metabolism to 3‑methoxy‑4-hydroxy‑L‑phenylalanine (3-OMD) in the brain and periphery.  
  


The mechanism of action of entacapone is believed to be through its ability to inhibit COMT and alter the plasma pharmacokinetics of levodopa. When entacapone is given in conjunction with levodopa and an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, such as carbidopa, plasma levels of levodopa are greater and more sustained than after administration of levodopa and an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor alone. It is believed that at a given frequency of levodopa administration, these more sustained plasma levels of levodopa result in more constant dopaminergic stimulation in the brain, leading to greater effects on the signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. The higher levodopa levels also lead to increased levodopa adverse effects, sometimes requiring a decrease in the dose of levodopa.  
  


In animals, while entacapone enters the central nervous system (CNS) to a minimal extent, it has been shown to inhibit central COMT activity. In humans, entacapone inhibits the COMT enzyme in peripheral tissues. The effects of entacapone on central COMT activity in humans have not been studied.
Eligible participants for this study will be patients aged 2-8 years scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia who have provided informed consent. During the preoperative evaluation, demographic data and airway physical examination results (Mallampati score) of the patients will be recorded. Patients who have received preoperative sedation will be positioned supine on the operating table, and ultrasound-guided measurements of soft tissue distances will be taken using a linear probe with a frequency range of 6-13 Hz. The distance between the hyoid bone and skin (DSHB), distance between the vocal cord anterior commissure and skin (DSAC), and distance between the epiglottis and skin (DSE) will be measured. The A/E (Anterior Commissura/Epiglottis) ratio will be calculated after measurements.

After standard monitoring and anesthesia induction, difficult laryngoscopy will be evaluated using the Modified Cormack Lehane Score, which grades the visibility of vocal cords and glottic structures. A grade of 3 or 4 on this scale will be considered as difficult laryngoscopy and recorded as such. Tracheal intubation will be performed by an anesthesiologist with at least two years of experience who is unaware of the ultrasound measurements.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cosmetic and a skin preparation for external use blended with a whitening agent, without having a problem in safety issues such as skin irritation, etc., and equipping moist feeling and a whitening effect simultaneously.  <P>SOLUTION: This cosmetic composition is characterized by containing a poly-γ-L-glutamic acid and/or its salt and the whitening agent to reduce the irritation of the whitening agent and equip the whitening effect simultaneously. The whitening agent may be a melanin production inhibitor, melanin decomposition accelerator and/or melanin transportation inhibitor. The cosmetic composition may contain an anti-aging agent, a humectant, an ultraviolet absorbent, and/or an antibacterial agent. The cosmetic composition can be utilized as a cosmetic, quasi-drug, medical supply, hygienic material or medicine.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
FIELD: organic chemistry, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention describes the composition of selective inhibitors of viral or bacterial neuraminidases that contains compound of the formula (I)   or (II)   where substituents have values given in the invention description. Except for, invention describes compounds of general formulas (III)   and (IV)   where substituents have values given in the invention description also. Invention describes also pharmaceutical compositions containing inhibitors according to the invention. Invention describes method of treatment or prophylaxis of influenza disease involving the prescription of compounds of formulas (I) and (II) taken in effective amount and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of composition and treatment. 37 cl, 8 dwg, 57 tbl
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory condition of the pancreas that may extend to local and distant extra pancreatic tissues. AP is broadly classified as mild or severe. Most cases of AP are mild with excellent recovery. However 15% to 20% are severe. Bacterial infections play a vital in the course of the disease. Patients with AP are prone to develop extrapancreatic infections like urinary, respiratory and systemic infections. These infections may result in a prolonged hospitalization, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multi-organ system failure and death. The most common causes are gallstones and alcohol intake. AP is managed by intravenous fluids, analgesia and nothing by mouth. However treatment of severe pancreatitis can be challenging, particularly if multiple organ systems are involved or if there are local complications. In severe acute pancreatitis, as pancreatic enzymes and inflammatory mediators damage the blood vessels and leads to extravasation of fluid in to third space. This fluid extravasation leads to local pancreatic necrosis and end-organ failure. Assessment of severity begins in the emergency room or on admission. Signs of SIRS (high or low core body temperature, tachycardia, tachypnea, low or high peripheral white blood cell count) or organ failure (e.g. elevated serum creatinine) are present on admission in 21% of patients with acute pancreatitis. CT should be considered about 3 days after the onset of symptoms rather than immediately upon admission. Eighty per cent of cases of AP are interstitial and mild; the remaining 20% are necrotizing and severe.

The role of prophylactic antibiotics in acute pancreatitis is controversial .A study published in American Journal of Gastroenterology shows results favouring use of antibiotics in acute pancreatitis. This study shows significant reduction in the length of hospitalization in patients who were given prophylactic antibiotics.

Other Internationally conducted studies suggests that there is no or insignificant role of antibiotics for mild acute pancreatitis and role of prophylactic antibiotics in sever acute pancreatitis for better clinical outcome is controversial to say the least.

Rationale of this study was to emphasize that prophylactic antibiotics in patients with acute pancreatitis can improve patient's out come in terms of shorter hospital stay, and reduced number of extrapancreatic infections.
VR group participants were mailed an Oculus Go Virtual Reality headset preloaded with VR software developed by AppliedVR. Treatment content consisted of a variety of 21 sessions to support participants in learning cognitive and behavioral self-management skills based on evidence-based CBT principles and skills, biofeedback and mindfulness strategies used in pain management. The program was designed to improve self-regulation of cognitive, emotion, and physiological response to stress and pain.
PURPOSE: Benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) is the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms among men. GreenLight photoselective vaporization of the prostate (GL-PVP) using a 180-W Xcelerated performance system (XPS) laser is a well-established method for treating BPO-induced voiding symptoms. However, its therapeutic effects on storage symptoms remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the storage outcomes in patients who underwent 180-W XPS GL-PVP for BPO and to identify outcome predictors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent 180-W XPS GL-PVP for BPO between May 2018 and May 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Data on clinical characteristics, prostate volume, preoperative and postoperative International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), and preoperative urodynamic parameters were collected. A favorable storage outcome was defined as ≥50% reduction in the IPSS storage subscore.
RESULTS: Ninety-nine male patients were included, with a mean age of 69.4 ± 9.6 years and a baseline prostatic volume of 75.9 ± 33.1 mL. The IPSS total, storage, and voiding subscores significantly decreased after GL-PVP (all p < 0.001). Seventy-two patients achieved favorable storage outcome at 6 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that detrusor underactivity was predictive of unfavorable storage outcomes (p = 0.022), while IPSS voiding-to-storage subscore ratio >1.25 and the presence of detrusor overactivity were predictive of favorable storage outcomes (p = 0.008 and 0.033, respectively).
CONCLUSION: 180-W XPS GL-PVP provided excellent outcomes in both voiding and storage lower urinary tract symptoms concomitant with BPO. Preoperative IPSS and multichannel urodynamic parameters including detrusor overactivity and underactivity are valuable predictors of postoperative storage outcomes.
Insomnia, a worldwide health problem, is much more frequently complained in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and impairs their quality of life and long term outcome. Hypnotic sedative agents are often reluctantly prescribed with doses mounting up. Patients are concerned about drug dependence and drug-related adverse effects. As a non-drug therapy, auricular acupressure therapy (AAT) is attractive to both patients and practitioners and is widely used to treat many conditions in China. The investigators had been applying AAT for MHD patients with insomnia in recent years and yielded favorable results. However, the effect and safety of AAT for insomnia in MHD population still lacks high quality evidence. Therefore, the investigators aimed to perform a randomized controlled clinical trial in MHD patients with insomnia to evaluate the effect and safety of AAT.
The aim of the study was to determine the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with intractable plantar keratosis (IPK) by comparing the histopathological findings of biopsies. A prospective, observational, and concordance study was carried out. Three different specimens were taken from each IPK. A first punch was sent for histopathological examination, and a second punch and a superficial skin scraping were both sent for HPV  polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and type determination. A total of 51 patients were included. From the histopathological examination, it was determined that 35 (68.6%) samples were diagnosed as warts and 16 (31.3%) as keratosis. However, the presence of HPV was confirmed by PCR in 49 (96.1%) and in 42 (82.4%) samples obtained by punch and superficial scraping, respectively. In the 49 PCR-positive samples, the most common HPV types were HPV1, HPV2, HPV27, HPV57, and HPV65, accounting for 81.6% of the samples. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that HPV infection and IPK lesions are very closely related. Although we cannot confirm that HPV is the cause of the development of IPK, the high prevalence of HPV observed in these lesions calls for a change to the procedures for managing IPK.
Provided is a cosmetology health-care product FQ1. The cosmetology health-care product FQ1 is made of special traditional Chinese medicines in a compatibility mode, and active ingredients are extracted from the special traditional Chinese medicines. By means of affinal drug and diet, vitality is replenished, and life is invigorated. The product is purely natural and has no chemical heterogeneity. The product can be externally applied and orally taken with both the inside and the outside considered. By means of make-up and cosmetology, smooth, fine and soft skin shining naturally is obtained. The experience of hand feeling through smearing shows that the skin is refreshed and becomes smooth, fine and soft soon after a few minutes. After the product is dispersed on thick and hard skin or chapping skin, it looks like that rejuvenation happens after a few minutes. Skin cells are regenerated after the product is continuously used for 28 days. Deep wrinkles become shallow wrinkles and then disappear, a person has a new look, and the product has the special effect of being capable of being smeared as an invisible mask. The product protects the skin against bacteria, serves as a non-adhesive band-aid for skin scratches and injuries, reaches effective results with only one application on beriberi and eczema, and serves as somiton for callus chap and anal fissure. If the product is applied to eyes, the eyes feels cool and bright, and inflammation is eliminated. The situations that eyelids are skinny and eye edges are fleshy are improved. If elder people orally take the product, the health care function lasts for a hundred of days, and elder people feel ten years younger on the aspect of physique and appearance. The product is excellent in cost performance, elder people feel younger, particularly people who are thirty years old feel younger and obtain apple faces, and the product is invaluable.
Initially, women will be given 1 Ginger flavor box of Lillipop samples. Each box contains 24 freezies (20 mL each). Each 20ml contains 80mg of dried ginger root. They will be told to eat the freezies as needed to alleviate symptoms, up to a maximum of 12 a day and to not have any other popsicles, freezies or other ginger products throughout the duration of the study (7 days). Due ginger's antiemetic property, a maximum daily dose is up to 1000mg/day of dried ginger root powder in pregnancy.They can request an additional box of freezies at each follow-up, as needed.All participants will initially receive counselling and advice by the Motherisk NVP Counsellor about symptom management. This includes advice about dietary, non-medicinal and medical treatments as per the Motherisk NVP protocol.
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a morbid syndrome that occurs after autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in children and adults. DAH manifests most often in the first few weeks following transplantation. It presents with pneumonia-like symptoms and acute respiratory failure, often requiring high levels of oxygen supplementation or mechanical ventilatory support. Hemoptysis is variably present. Chest radiographs typically feature widespread alveolar filling, sometimes with peripheral sparing and pleural effusions. The diagnosis is suspected when serial bronchoalveolar lavages return increasingly bloody fluid. DAH is differentiated from infectious causes of alveolar hemorrhage when extensive microbiological testing reveals no pulmonary pathogens. The cause is poorly understood, though preclinical and clinical studies implicate pretransplant conditioning regimens, particularly those using high doses of total-body-irradiation, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), medications used to prevent GVHD, and other factors. Treatment consists of supportive care, systemic corticosteroids, platelet transfusions, and sometimes includes antifibrinolytic drugs and topical procoagulant factors. Therapeutic blockade of tumor necrosis factor-α showed promise in observational studies, but its benefit for DAH remains uncertain after small clinical trials. Even with these treatments, mortality from progression and relapse is high. Future investigational therapies could target the vascular endothelial cell biology theorized to contribute to alveolar bleeding and pathways that contribute to susceptibility, inflammation, cellular resilience, and tissue repair. This review will help clinicians navigate through the limited evidence to diagnose and treat DAH, counsel patients and families, and plan for future research.
For neoadjuvant treatment, participants will receive pembrolizumab 200 mg via IV infusion every 3-week cycle for up to 4 cycles PLUS background chemotherapy via IV infusion (cisplatin 75 mg/m\^2 or carboplatin AUC 5 or 6 mg/mL/min, pemetrexed 500 mg/m\^2, gemcitabine 1000 mg/m\^2, paclitaxel 175 mg/m\^2 or 200 mg/m\^2 given at a dose and combination per investigator's choice) every 3-week cycle for up to 4 cycles (total neoadjuvant treatment duration of up to \~12 weeks). After surgical resection, for adjuvant treatment, participants will receive pembrolizumab 400 mg via IV infusion every 6-week cycle for up to 7 cycles PLUS matching placebo via IM injection every 3 weeks for up to 9 doses (total adjuvant treatment duration of up to \~42 weeks).
The investigators are conducting this research study to find better ways of treating pain following knee surgery like the one the participant will be having. There is a standard (accepted) approach, which involves injection of numbing medication into the area around the participant surgical incision. The investigators hope to discover if providing numbing medication to a nerve that controls pain in a larger area of the knee (a nerve block), might be better at post-operative pain control. This type of nerve block is commonly used to treat other knee pains, like that associated with arthritis, after knee replacements, and after repairs of the knee ligaments; however, it is considered experimental in your case, as its effects (good or bad) are unknown in the type of knee surgery the participant are undergoing.

The investigators plan is to decide at random, like the flip of a coin, whether to give numbing medication (0.25% bupivacaine) around the incision like the investigators normally would or give it instead to block the pain sensors around the knee. The participant would get medication either at the incision (shin) or the knee, depending on which arm the participant are in (research). The participant will also be given pain medication pills by your surgeon as part of the participant normal postoperative care (not research).