anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: This article reviews pain disorders encountered in pediatric neurology practice and provides current information regarding the assessment and treatment of pediatric chronic pain.
LATEST DEVELOPMENTS: Data about pediatric pain management remain sparse, owing to a dearth of controlled trials and longitudinal studies in these patients. However, the field of pain management and understanding of central and peripheral pain processing has expanded to allow more effective treatment of a broad group of children and adolescents with pain associated with neurologic disease. Neuroimaging visualizes sensory and nonsensory systems, and genetic markers of sensitivity and disease may guide specific therapy. The concept of central sensitization in chronic pain disorders has supported the development of multidisciplinary paradigms for the comprehensive care of these patients.
ESSENTIAL POINTS: Pain involves sensory activation and central nervous system modulation in pediatric patients. Pediatric neurologists should be prepared to define, investigate, and treat pain disorders in this complex patient population. Appropriate interventions during childhood may attenuate or prevent chronic pain later in life. Current interventions include behavioral, physical, and pharmacologic approaches, as well as potential noninvasive tools for neuromodulation. Research is progressing in sensory measurement, neuroimaging, genetics, and neuroinflammation to guide future targeted therapies.
SUMMARY/INTRODUCTION: Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) is one of the most common childhood renal diseases in Nigeria. Acute Post-infectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN)-typified by post-streptococcal AGN (PSGN)-is the commonest, usually developing 1-6 weeks after an infectious episode. Rarely, AGN may occur concurrently with the inciting infectious process and may go unnoticed by clinicians. An example is pneumonia-associated AGN with isolated cases documented in Israel, the USA, and Europe but none to our knowledge from a Nigerian and perhaps the African population. This article reports a 17-year-old Nigerian male adolescent who developed AGN during an episode of complicated left lobar pneumonia.
CASE REPORT: A 17-year-old male adolescent presented with fever, left-sided chest pain, cough and progressive dyspnoea. There was no current or remote history of sore throat, skin rashes or urinary symptoms and past medical history was unremarkable. He is a paternal orphan and engages in subsistence farming with his mother. Examination revealed respiratory distress, pyrexia(38.9oC), BMI of 15Kg/M2(<-3SD, WHO, BMI-for-age/sex), stony-dull percussion notes over the left hemithorax, no oedema, and BP=100/60mmHg. Chest radiographs confirmed massive effusion with underlying left upper lobe consolidation. An immediate thoracostomy confirmed empyema thoracic, which initially did not grow pathogens. Initial management focused on empyema drainage and antibiotic coverage using intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanate but response was marginal. By the 5th day, he developed generalized oedema, oliguria, haematuria (+3), hypertension (140/90mmHg, >95thpercentile), congestive cardiac failure, and isolated C3 hypocomplementaemia (C3=60.3{80-160}mg/dL; C4=21.6{15-48}mg/dL). A repeat pleural fluid culture yielded Coliform species (not differentiated/identified because of resource constraints in our laboratory at this time) sensitive to ciprofloxacin but resisted amoxicillin clavulanate. He was subsequently treated with furosemide, amlodipine, and ciprofloxacin with complete resolution of the symptoms (except haematuria), and discharged on the 30 day. At 6-month follow-up, he remained normotensive with resolved haematuria; and normalized C3 complement (120{80-160}mg/dL).
CONCLUSION: Children with pneumonia who develop features of impaired renal function should be investigated for AGN. This report highlights this rare and unusual association as a possibility in our setting; and also brought up the difficulties with diagnostic procedures in resource constrained settings like ours, especially in light of widespread antimicrobial resistance and rational antibiotics use.
We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 28-week trial. 300 individuals (18-75 years of age, body-mass index ≥30 kg/m2 or BMI 27-30kg/m2 accompanied by at least one weight-related complication (treated or untreated hypertension, dyslipidemia, pre-diabetes)) were randomly assigned. All the patients provided written informed consent before participation. Key exclusion criteria were type 1 or 2 diabetes, the use of medications that cause clinically significant weight gain or loss, previous bariatric surgery, a history of pancreatitis, a history of major depressive or other severe psychiatric disorders, and a family or personal history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 or familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. Eligible participants were randomized 2:1 to once-daily subcutaneous injections of either liraglutide or placebo using a computer-generated, centrally administered procedure. Patients, investigators, and the sponsor were unaware of the study-group assignments. The primary endpoint was change in bodyweight during the 28 weeks of the study in the intention-to-treat population. The proportion of people losing more than 5% of baseline weight was also assessed. Secondary efficacy endpoints included the proportion of people losing more than 10% of baseline weight was also assessed, change in waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting lipids (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), glucose metabolism parameters (fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour post-challenge plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin \[HbA1c\]).
The study drug is a metered-dose anesthetic spray, which is being developed for the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE). The use of anesthetic in topical creams has been well established. The use of a cream does not result in the concentrated drug being in direct contact with the cells, unlike the spray.

Seven clinical studies have already been carried out for the spray in the development of PE. These studies have demonstrated a prolongation of intravaginal ejaculatory latency time and no safety concerns for male patients or their female partners. The partners of clinical study participants have been asked to report health changes during the studies. Reports of vaginal numbness were uncommon; however, effects of the transfer to a partner cannot be excluded. This study is being conducted to investigate in detail the systemic exposure to PSD502 spray in order to assess safety in the female partner. The dose level has been chosen because the total dose applied to the male glans penis is 30 mg, and thus it is potentially possible that his partner could be exposed to this dose. Therefore, the 60 mg dose was chosen to provide safety information with a higher margin of exposure.
Sterile needles were inserted intramuscularly to a depth of 15-20mm until an unusual (De-Qi) sensation developed and remained inserted for 30-60 minutes and were manually manipulated during this time. The following bilateral acupoints on the hands and feet at Hegu (LI 4), Sanyinjiao (Sp 6) Kunlun (BL 60) and Zhiyin (BL 67)were used.
The invention discloses an anti-haze mask with a healthcare function. The anti-haze mask comprises a mask body and head belts. The mask body is in a foldable stereo shape and is of a composite structure composed of a first non-woven fabric layer, an activated carbon layer, a negative ion functional fabric layer, a medicine bag layer and a second non-woven fabric layer which are stacked together in sequence. The edges of the upper portion and the lower portion of the mask body are provided with the head belts respectively. The middle portion of the upper end of the first non-woven fabric layer is provided with a nose sealing strip. The anti-haze mask is novel and unique in structure, convenient to use, good in effect and capable of effectively preventing haze, and the mask is combined with a medicine bag to improve expiration quality and achieve the effects of clearing away the lung-heat, clearing the throat, relieving asthma, reducing phlegm and the like. Meanwhile, negative ions have the effects of decreasing the blood coagulation velocity and prolonging blood clotting time, can increase the oxygen content in blood, are beneficial to blood oxygen transportation, absorption and utilization, and have the effects of improving and increasing lung functions. The problem that existing masks have a single using function is effectively overcome, and the anti-haze mask has the healthcare function.
Participants in the ambulation arm will be allowed ad lib activity and instructed that they should walk at least once per day out of their room with a goal of 2,000 steps per day. The Fitbit InspireTM devices will be set to this goal and notifications will be given on the device for the participants meeting their goals. Upon enrollment, they will be given a pamphlet with instructions to ambulate out of the room at least once per day with a goal of 2,000 steps daily and their Fitbits will be pre-programmed with this goal. Study staff will also remind participants to ambulate via email, text or in-person if they are not meeting their goal of 2,000 steps per day.
Diabetic heart disease (DHD) is a serious complication in patients with diabetes. Despite numerous studies on the pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets of DHD, effective means of prevention and treatment are still lacking. The pathogenic mechanisms of DHD include cardiac inflammation, insulin resistance, myocardial fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Macrophages, the primary cells of the human innate immune system, contribute significantly to these pathological processes, playing an important role in human disease and health. Therefore, drugs targeting macrophages hold great promise for the treatment of DHD. In this review, we examine how macrophages contribute to the development of DHD and which drugs could potentially be used to target macrophages in the treatment of DHD.
Risk Summary

There are no available data on AEMCOLO use in pregnant women to inform any drug associated risks for major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Systemic absorption of AEMCOLO in humans is negligible following oral administration of the recommended dose of AEMCOLO [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Due to the negligible systemic exposure, it is not expected that maternal use of AEMCOLO will result in fetal exposure to the drug.

In animal reproduction studies, no malformations were observed in pregnant rats or rabbits at exposures 25,000 and 500 times (based on AUC), respectively, the human exposure achieved with the recommended clinical dose of AEMCOLO. Treatment of pregnant rats with AEMCOLO at more than 1,000 times the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and 25,000 times the systemic exposure (based on AUC) during the period of organogenesis resulted in maternal toxicity, decreased fetal weight, and variations in diaphragm formation. Similarly, treatment of pregnant rabbits with AEMCOLO at more than 10 times the maximum human plasma concentration (Cmax), resulted in maternal toxicity, decreased fetal weight, and slightly delayed fetal ossifications [See Data].

All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.

Animal Data

Embryofetal toxicity studies in rats and rabbits did not show malformations up to the maximum tested doses of 855 and 85.5 mg/kg, (25,000 and 500 times greater plasma exposure based on AUC), respectively, of rifamycin given orally during the period of organogenesis (gestational days 6-17/18). In rats, the high dose of 855 mg/kg/day caused reduction in maternal food consumption, reduced fetal weight and a higher number of fetuses with thin tendinous diaphragm. In rabbits, the high dose of 85.5 mg/kg/day caused a reduction in food consumption and bodyweight gain in pregnant dams, as well as reduced fetal weights and slight delay in ossification, including slightly higher incidences of fetuses with skull suture bone variations, enlarged skull fontanelle and incompletely ossified digit 5 medial phalanx of both forelimbs. No adverse fetal effects were observed in rats and rabbits administered lower doses of oral rifamycin.
Dupuytren's disease is a common fibroproliferative disease that can result in debilitating hand deformities. Partial correction and return of deformity are common with surgical or clinical treatments at present. While current treatments are limited to local procedures for relatively late effects of the disease, the pathophysiology of this connective tissue disorder is associated with both local and systemic processes (e.g., fibrosis, inflammation). Hence, a better understanding of the systemic circulation of Dupuytren related cytokines and growth factors may provide important insights into disease progression. In addition, systemic biomarker analysis could yield new concepts for treatments of Dupuytren that attenuate circulatory factors (e.g., anti-inflammatory agents, neutralizing antibodies). Progress in the development of any disease modifying biologic treatment for Dupuytren has been hampered by the lack of clinically useful biomarkers. The characterization of nonsurgical Dupuytren biomarkers will permit disease staging from diagnostic and prognostic perspectives, as well as allows evaluation of biologic responses to treatment. Identification of such markers may transcend their use in Dupuytren treatment, because fibrotic biological processes fundamental to Dupuytren are relevant to fibrosis in many other connective tissues and organs with collagen-based tissue compartments. There is a wide range of potential Dupuytren biomarker categories that could be informative, including disease determinants linked to genetics, collagen metabolism, as well as immunity and inflammation (e.g., cytokines, chemokines). This narrative review provides a broad overview of previous studies and emphasizes the importance of inflammatory mediators as candidate circulating biomarkers for monitoring Dupuytren's disease.
This study consists of a double-blind, randomised, 3-arm parallel trial, consisting of 2-wk baseline measurements, 4-wk intervention period (with weekly sample collection), and 2-wk after-intervention follow-up, with healthy subjects in each arm consuming different protein sources (from plant- or animal-based sources). Subjects that are eligible to take part in this study will be blinded and randomly allocated to consume an isolated pea protein (arm 1), animal protein (arm 2) or more complex protein pea protein powder (arm 3). The isolated plant and animal protein will be used to evaluate the specific effects of the proteins from the different sources. The more complex protein pea protein powder will be used as a more complex food matrix, containing other food components than protein, to assess how other pea components may impact the specific protein effects. Regardless of the differences in their structure, all supplement powders will be adjusted to provide the same amount of protein. The protein calculation will be done exclusively for each participant, based on their body weight (kg). They will consume up to 2 g of protein per body weight per day. Subjects will be asked to maintain their usual diet and their food intake will be accompanied during the intervention.

Participants' compliance will be followed by their food diaries and by clinical markers for protein intake and will collect blood, faeces and 24 h urine samples. A subset of the participants (max. 15 per arm) for visits 2 and 6 will be invited to participate in a postprandial challenge. After the fastening blood sample collection, they will receive the daily protein portion as breakfast. For those, 9 blood sample time points will be taken, being at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 480 min. After the 180 min measurement, they will receive a standard meal as lunch (e.g., pasta with tomato sauce).
PURPOSE: To prepare a low-calorie fat substitute compsn. by compounding each specified amt. of a liquid polyol fatty acid polyester, solid low-calorie fat substitute, and aggregated mesh of polysaccharide fibril and microfibril. CONSTITUTION: This low-calorie fat substitute compsn. is prepared by compounding a liquid polyol fatty acid polyester, a solid low-calorie fat substitute by at least 10wt.% of the liquid polyol fatty acid polyester, and an aggregated mesh of polysaccharide fibril and microfibril by at least 1wt.% of the liquid polyol fatty acid polyester. The liquid polyol fatty acid polyester has preferably at least four fatty acid ester groups. The solid low-calorie fat substitute is, for example, sucrose octastearate, galactose pentapalmitate, etc.
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to parapharmaceutical industry producing preparations of curative and prophylactic designation and can be used as general tonic agent enhancing working ability and body resistance against unfavorable conditions of environment. Invention proposes active supplement comprising dry concentrates of common wormwood tincture, red pepper, barberry syrup, milfoil herb dry aqueous concentrate, ginger roots, cinnamon, citric acid, starch, milled oat, calcium stearate, sugar and talc taken in the definite weight ratio of components. The supplement "Appetitnye" enhances appetite, normalizes stool, reduces discomfort state after eating and meteorism and doesn't elicit adverse effect. EFFECT: improved and valuable medicinal properties of supplement. 2 tbl, 4 ex
After baseline examinations, participants are randomized to an active dietary intervention group.The intervention group is invited to attend six full days of life-style intervention activities over the next six months. These activities include six cookery courses followed by lunch, six physical activity sessions (walking for 45 minutes) and six conferences. The intervention and control groups both complete questionnaires on adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDAS) at baseline and at the end of the study, and are asked for at least two 24-hour recalls of the previous day's food intake, and details of their physical exercise during the six-month intervention.
Sterile acupuncture semi-permanent (ASP) gold needles will be administered in the following acupuncture points: Cingulate Gyrus, Thalamus point, Omega 2, Point Zero, and Shen Men starting in either ear and alternating left and right until 10 ASP needles are placed. The needles may remain in the AA points for 3-4 days.
To lower the risk of constipation, alosetron tablets should be started at a dosage of 0.5 mg twice a day. Patients who become constipated at this dosage should stop taking alosetron tablets until the constipation resolves. They may be restarted at 0.5 mg once a day. If constipation recurs at the lower dose, Alosetron tablets should be discontinued immediately. 

Patients well controlled on 0.5 mg once or twice a day may be maintained on this regimen. If after 4 weeks the dosage is well tolerated but does not adequately control IBS symptoms, then the dosage can be increased to up to 1 mg twice a day. Alosetron tablets should be discontinued in patients who have not had adequate control of IBS symptoms after 4 weeks of treatment with 1 mg twice a day.

Alosetron tablets can be taken with or without food [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Alosetron tablets should be discontinued immediately in patients who develop constipation or signs of ischemic colitis. Alosetron tablets should not be restarted in patients who develop ischemic colitis. 

Clinical trial and postmarketing experience suggest that debilitated patients or patients taking additional medications that decrease gastrointestinal motility may be at greater risk of serious complications of constipation. Therefore, appropriate caution and follow-up should be exercised if alosetron tablets are prescribed for these patients. 

Postmarketing experience suggests that elderly patients may be at greater risk for complications of constipation; therefore, appropriate caution and follow-up should be exercised if alosetron tablets are prescribed for these patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
The Jackson Heart Study (JHS) initiated in 1998, is a longitudinal investigation of genetic and environmental risk factors associated with the disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in African Americans. In addition, the JHS conducts community education and outreach activities to promote healthy lifestyles and reduce disease risk burden, undergraduate- and graduate-level research training programs, and high school science and math enrichment programs to prepare and encourage students from underrepresented racial/ethnic groups to pursue biomedical careers. The study recruited 5306 African-American residents living in the Jackson, MS, metropolitan statistical area of Hinds, Madison, and Rankin Counties. Participants were enrolled from each of 4 recruitment pools: random, 17%; volunteer, 30%; currently enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 31% (shared JHS/ARIC cohort); and secondary family members, 22%. Recruitment was limited to non-institutionalized adult African Americans aged 35-84 years, except in a nested family cohort where those 21 to 34 years of age were also eligible. The final cohort included 6.59% of all African American residents in the Jackson MSA aged 35-84 during the baseline exam (N=76,426, US Census 2000). Among these, approximately 3,700 gave consent that allows genetic research and deposition of data into dbGaP. JHS participants have completed three clinical examinations (Exam 1, 2000-04; Exam 2, 2005-08; and Exam 3, 2009-13) that have generated extensive longitudinal data on traditional and putative CVD risk factors, socioeconomic and sociocultural factors, biochemical analytes, and measures of subclinical disease from echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) scans of the heart, aorta, and abdomen. Stored biological samples have been assayed for putative biochemical risk factors and stored for future research. DNA has been extracted and lymphocytes cryopreserved for study of candidate genes, genome-wide scanning, expression, and other -omics investigations. Participants have been contacted annually to update information, confirm vital status, document interim medical events, hospitalizations, and functional status, and obtain additional sociocultural information. Ongoing cohort surveillance includes abstraction of medical records and death certificates for relevant International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes and adjudication of nonfatal events and deaths. The JHS serves as a resource to the scientific community for novel research, promotes cardiovascular health in the local community, and encourages underrepresented minority students to pursue biomedical careers.

Exam 4 began in 2020 and is ongoing. Data collection for the current exam includes anthropometrics, blood pressure, urine and blood samples, echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, neurocognitive battery, physical function, interviews, and brain MRI.
During this treatment period, healthy participants will be administered with Itraconazole (Dose 2) from Day 4 to Day 8 plus will be administrated with AZD9977 (Dose 1, fed state) as a single dose on Day 7. Dose of itraconazole will be taken at -1 hour (1 hour prior to AZD9977 dosing) when co-administered with AZD9977.