anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
There is a fundamental gap in the understanding of how a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) portends excess risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This is primarily because of two reasons: (1) the core studies which provide support for an association between PTSD and CHD risk depended on lengthy follow-up periods with no repeat measurement of either PTSD or other related cardiovascular risk factors; (2) PTSD is highly comorbid with both adverse health behaviors and with psychiatric comorbidity that also vary across time and could largely explain the association between PTSD and increased risk of CHD. The long-term goal is to better understand whether there is a direct link between PTSD and CHD risk, as well as to ascertain the role of candidate pathophysiological mechanisms. The study proposed in this application is designed to examine how changes in PTSD symptoms following an established therapeutic intervention (Cognitive Processing Therapy) affect CHD disease pathways in individuals with PTSD. This design will permit an evaluation of the hypothesis that individuals who show significant improvement in PTSD symptoms will also show improvement in CHD risk biomarkers, and individuals who fail to show improvement or show worsening PTSD symptoms, will show no change or worsening in CHD biomarker activity. The study will also provide an evaluation of the role of key stress-related CHD biomarkers as mechanisms underlying the increased CHD risk burden associated with PTSD. Choice of CHD biomarkers focused on the established association of PTSD with chronic activation of stress response systems and includes autonomic nervous system dysregulation, chronic systemic inflammation, and vascular endothelial dysfunction. The proposed research is significant because it is expected to provide knowledge of the role of both the direct impact of PTSD symptoms on CHD risk pathways and the role of these systems as candidate mechanisms underlying the relationship between PTSD and CHD risk. By better defining how PTSD is a risk factor for CHD, as well as identifying the disease pathways involved, the proposed study will help inform strategies for CHD prevention, as well as guide optimal medical management for vulnerable men and women with PTSD, especially in those who refrain or who are refractory to psychiatric treatment.
Patients should be informed that albuterol sulfate inhalation aerosol has a dose indicator attached to the actuator. When the patient receives the inhaler, new inhaler first shows "200" in the dose indicator window. The dose indicator will show the approximate number of actuations (sprays) of medicine remaining in the inhaler. As you use the inhaler, the dose indicator will typically rotate during every 5 to 7 actuations (sprays) towards the next decreasing number. The dose-indicator window displays the number of sprays left in the inhaler in units of twenty (e.g., 200, 180, 160, etc). When the dose indicator displays "40," where the background changes from white to red to remind the patient to contact their pharmacist for a refill of medication or consult their physician for a prescription refill. The background color will be all red when the indicator approaches 20. The indicator will stop moving at "0". Discard the inhaler once the dose indicator displays "0". Patients should be informed to discard albuterol sulfate inhalation aerosol inhaler when the dose indicator displays 0 or after the expiration date on the product, whichever comes first.
Frequent injections of anti-CD124 monoclonal antibody (αCD124) over long periods of time are used to treat chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Needle-free, intranasal administration (i.n.) of αCD124 is expected to provide advantages of localized delivery, improved efficacy, and enhanced medication adherence. However, delivery barriers such as the mucus and epithelium in the nasal tissue impede penetration of αCD124. Herein, two novel protamine nanoconstructs: allyl glycidyl ether conjugated protamine (Nano-P) and polyamidoamine-linked protamine (Dendri-P) were synthesized and showed enhanced αCD124 penetration through multiple epithelial layers compared to protamine in mice. αCD124 was mixed with Nano-P or Dendri-P and then intranasally delivered for the treatment of severe CRSwNP in mice. Micro-CT and pathological changes in nasal turbinates showed that these two nano-formulations achieved ∼50 % and ∼40 % reductions in nasal polypoid lesions and eosinophil count, respectively. Both nano-formulations provided enhanced efficacy in suppressing nasal and systemic Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and nasal type 2 inflammatory biomarkers, such as interleukin 13 (IL-13) and IL-25. These effects were superior to those in the protamine formulation group and subcutaneous (s.c.) αCD124 given at a 12.5-fold higher dose. Intranasal delivery of protamine, Nano-P, or Dendri-P did not induce any measurable toxicities in mice.
Emphasis has been placed on treating the 'positive symptoms' of psychosis (e.g. hallucinations and delusions). Concordance rates with anti-psychotic medication can be low. Even when positive symptoms are successfully treated, emotional distress can remain e.g. depression, anxiety and trauma. Relapse occurs in up to two thirds of patients within two years of the first episode. The treatment of subsequent episodes has been shown to be progressively less efficacious. Research has shown that fear of recurrence patients can experience following psychosis is predictive of relapse. Randomised clinical trials have found that Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBTp) is efficacious for treating residual distressing positive and negative symptoms. However, the evidence for treating emotional dysfunction (e.g. social anxiety, post-psychotic depression) is less clear. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) incorporates acceptance and mindfulness elements into a CBT framework. Rather than altering the content or frequency of cognitions, ACT seeks to alter the individual's psychological relationship with thoughts, feelings and sensations to promote psychological flexibility. This research will be a pilot randomised control trial of ACT for treating distress following psychosis. This pilot study will establish (a) whether a larger scale multi-centre randomised controlled trial is warranted, (b) the acceptability of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (c) the expected primary and secondary outcomes for such a trial and (d) the sample size required to detect such outcomes. It is hypothesised that ACT plus treatment as usual will be associated with a greater reduction in levels of distress than treatment as usual only.
A drug carrier, a drug structure, a purpose of the same, a method of making the same, and a method of using the same to inhibit H. pylori are revealed. The drug carrier includes a negatively charged polymer, chitosan and magnetic particles. The purpose of the drug carrier is to make a drug for inhibiting H. pylori. The drug structure includes a negatively charged polymer, chitosan, magnetic particles and an active ingredient. The method of making the drug structure includes mixing the negatively charged polymer solution, the chitosan solution, the magnetic particles and the active ingredient solution to form an initial solution and allowing ingredients in the initial solution to react and thereby form drug structure particles. The method of using the drug structure to inhibit H pylori includes administering the drug structure to an H. pylori colony. The drug carrier and drug structure demonstrate enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
BACKGROUND: The presence of distant metastasis at the time of initial diagnosis is a prevalent issue in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), affecting around 30-40 % of the patients. Acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) provides favorable conditions that increase the invasiveness and aggressiveness of NSCLC. The activity of the glycolytic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) increases intracellular lactate accumulation, which creates an acidic TME. However, it is not yet known whether LDHA is involved in enhancing the metastatic potential of NSCLC and if LDHA is a druggable therapeutic target for NSCLC.
PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the enhanced NSCLC metastasis in acidic TME, and to explore whether sulforaphane (SFN), an active compound in Raphani Semen, can serve as a LDHA inhibitor to inhibit NSCLC metastasis in the acidic TME.
METHODS: To mimic the acidic TME, NSCLC cells were cultured in acidic medium (pH 6.6), normal medium (pH 7.4) served as control. Western blotting, bioinformatic analysis, luciferase assay and rescue experiments were used to explore the mechanism and investigate the anti-metastatic effect of SFN both in vitro and in vivo.
RESULTS: Acidic environment increases the expression of LDHA which in turn increases the production of lactic acid that contributes to the acidity of TME. Interestingly, elevated LDHA expression results from increased c-Myc expression, which transactivates LDHA. c-Myc expression is directly regulated by miR-7-5p. In vitro study shows that overexpression of miR-7-5p reverses the acidic pH-enhanced c-Myc and LDHA expressions and also abolishes the enhanced NSCLC cell migration. More importantly, SFN significantly inhibits NSCLC growth and metastasis by reducing lactate production via the miR-7-5p/c-Myc/LDHA axis. Besides, it also regulates the expressions of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and MCT4 that transport lactate across cell membrane.
CONCLUSIONS: The miR-7-5p/c-Myc/LDHA axis is involved in the enhanced NSCLC metastasis in the acidic TME. SFN, a novel LDHA inhibitor, reduces lactate production by targeting the miR-7-5p/c-Myc/LDHA axis, and hence inhibits NSCLC metastasis. Our findings not only delineate a novel mechanism, but also support the clinical translation of SFN as a novel therapeutic agent for treating metastatic NSCLC.
BACKGROUND: Heart failure and type 2 diabetes are prevalent public health issues in Europe. These complex chronic conditions require extensive pharmacological management, ongoing self-care, and behavioral changes. Despite the known benefits of lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise and better control of blood sugar levels, patients may need help implementing the recommended changes. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a telemedicine program for managing heart failure and type 2 diabetes at home. The program focuses on promoting lifestyle changes.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: During scheduled outpatient cardiology evaluations, eligible patients are recruited and randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group receives support from a nursing case manager through a structured home-based teleassistance program and a trainer for daily physical activity stimulation. They also have access to teleconsultations with cardiologists and diabetes specialists as needed, telemonitoring of vital signs, and daily step tracking. An app records and monitors daily drug treatment, glycemia, blood pressure, heart rate, and other clinical parameters. Patients can also self-report symptoms and communicate via a chat and videoconference system with a Nurse Case Manager. The control group receives routine care. Data collection occurs before intervention and 6 months after baseline during a new outpatient cardiology evaluation. The primary outcome is to measure the difference in the distance walked during a 6-min walk test between baseline and after 6 months. The key secondary outcomes include improving the disease status and physical activity profile. Data will be analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principles.
DISCUSSION: This study will provide evidence on the efficacy of a telemedicine home-based management model to maintain correct lifestyles in patients with both heart failure and type 2 diabetes, improving self-management, their empowerment on the diseases, and increasing their knowledge and ability to recognize symptoms early.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05633784. Registered on November 30, 2022.
OBJECTIVE: Studies evaluating the incidence, source, and preventability of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB), defined as any positive blood culture obtained after 3 calendar days of hospital admission, are lacking in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: All consecutive blood cultures performed for 6 months during 2020-2021 in 2 hospitals in India were reviewed to assess HOB and National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) reportable central-line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) events. Medical records of a convenience sample of 300 consecutive HOB events were retrospectively reviewed to determine source and preventability. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with HOB preventability.
RESULTS: Among 6,733 blood cultures obtained from 3,558 hospitalized patients, there were 409 and 59 unique HOB and NHSN-reportable CLABSI events, respectively. CLABSIs accounted for 59 (14%) of 409 HOB events. There was a moderate but non-significant correlation (r = 0.51; P = .070) between HOB and CLABSI rates. Among 300 reviewed HOB cases, CLABSIs were identified as source in only 38 (13%). Although 157 (52%) of all 300 HOB cases were potentially preventable, CLABSIs accounted for only 22 (14%) of these 157 preventable HOB events. In multivariable analysis, neutropenia, and sepsis as an indication for blood culture were associated with decreased odds of HOB preventability, whereas hospital stay ≥7 days and presence of a urinary catheter were associated with increased likelihood of preventability.
CONCLUSIONS: HOB may have utility as a healthcare-associated infection metric in LMIC settings because it captures preventable bloodstream infections beyond NHSN-reportable CLABSIs.
PURPOSE:To easily from poisonless and harmless spherical microgel by mixing and stirring an aq. polysaccharide soln. and an aq. soln. of a phase separation accelerator and converting the resulting coacervate into gel by rapid cooling from a heated state. CONSTITUTION:An aq. polysaccharide soln. and an aq. soln. of a phase separation accelerator are mixed and stirred and the resulting coacervate is converted into gel by rapid cooling from a heated state to form spherical microgel. The coacervate is preferably aged before the rapid cooling and the particle size of the formed spherical microgel is controlled by regulating the aging time. The polysaccharide is one or more among starch, pullulan, agar, carrageenan, etc., and the phase separation accelerator is one or more among polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVA, etc.
A medicament carried within a perforate or semipermeable shell is gradually released, as by dissolution into body fluids, to provide effective therapy with reduced concentration and dosage. The medicament may be in dry powdered form. For treatment of the eye, the carrier comprises a capsule less than 1 millimeter in diameter which is placed in the conjunctival sac or mounted in a contact lens. The capsule may be colored for easy location and removal, may be absorbable by the body, or may gradually swell to allow washout by the tears. For glaucoma treatment, less than 1 milligram of pilocarpine or phospholine in a single sustained release capsule may be an adequate daily dosage. In another embodiment a soft contact lens itself may serve as the medicine containing carrier. For burn, ulcer, or wound treatment, the carrier may be of planar configuration or incorporated in a film forming spray comprising many minute particles or capsules each containing a medicament. The resultant film will protect the tissue from exposure, will provide sustained release medication, and may be absorbable to eliminate the need for removal with concomitant damage to newly formed granulation tissue.
New purified viral agent involved in viral non-A non-B, epidemic, sporadic or post-transfusional hepatitis, defined by the distribution profile of its antigenic activity, comprising at least one band at a density of 1.28-1.32 g/cm?3 and/or at least one band with a density of 1.17-1.19 g/cm?3, and the antigen associated with said viral agent. Method for isolating said viral agent and the antigen which is associated therewith. Utilization of said viral agent as diagnostic reagent. Method for the detection of the non-A non-B antigen present in the faeces of patients suffering from non-A non-B viral hepatitis. Immunologic reagent for the detection of NANB viral, epidemic, sporadic or post-transfusional hepatitis and method for isolating anti-NANB antibodies capable of being used as immunologic reagents. Applications of said anti-NANB antibodies to the diagnosis of viral, epidemic, sporadic or post-transfusional NANB hepatitis and as therapeutic agents.
Subjects were randomized to receive single, oral doses of study medication in the sequence ABFCED, where, Treatment A was: 200 mg almorexant; Treatment B was 400 mg almorexant; Treatment C was 1000 mg almorexant; Treatment D was 20 mg zolpidem; Treatment E was 40 mg zolpidem; and Treatment F was placebo. The duration of each Treatment Visit was 1 day/2 nights. Study drug was administered on Day 1 of each Treatment Visit. Each treatment was separated by a washout period of at least 10 days.
Mechanism of Action

Atovaquone is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, an analog of ubiquinone, with antipneumocystis activity. The mechanism of action against Pneumocystis jirovecii has not been fully elucidated. In Plasmodium species, the site of action appears to be the cytochrome bc1 complex (Complex III). Several metabolic enzymes are linked to the mitochondrial electron transport chain via ubiquinone. Inhibition of electron transport by atovaquone results in indirect inhibition of these enzymes. The ultimate metabolic effects of such blockade may include inhibition of nucleic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis.

Antimicrobial Activity 

Atovaquone is active against P. jirovecii [see Clinical Studies (14)].

Resistance

Phenotypic resistance to atovaquone in vitro has not been demonstrated for P. jirovecii. However, in 2 subjects who developed PCP after prophylaxis with atovaquone, DNA sequence analysis identified mutations in the predicted amino acid sequence of P. jirovecii cytochrome b (a likely target site for atovaquone). The clinical significance of this is unknown.
After the new anatomical condition of the gastrointestinal tract, provided by bariatric surgery leads patients to experience changes in food intake and behavior. The aim of this study was to assess alimentary habits, food intolerances and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients who underwent bariatric and metabolic procedures: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, biliopancreatic diversion and duodenal exclusion. We studied 34 patients of both sexes, from outpatient clinics in Surgery of Obesity and the Metabolic Surgery at University of Campinas. They were submitted to bypass gastric in Roux-en-Y (n=15), biliopancreatic diversion (n=9) and duodenal exclusion (n=10). Validated questionnaire for assessment of food tolerance was applied in patients with more than six months of follow-up after surgery addressing diet and gastrointestinal symptoms. The descriptive and comparative analyses were performed by analysis of variance and bivariate correlation. In patients who underwent to bypass gastric food intolerance was greats regarding to ingestion of rice (33%) and red meat (33%) in comparison to others groups. The flatulence and diarrhea were more prevalent in patients who underwent biliopancreatic diversion. The vomiting was more prevalent in patients who underwent gastric bypass. Each procedure presents peculiarities to the anatomical and functional changes that affect the food absorption. This may have negative effects on the nutritional status of patients and affect the quality of life. The nutritional therapy for each individual procedure may assist in the management of clinical concerns of operated patients
A total of 120 participants will be recruited in this study and randomly assigned to one of the three groups. Participants in group A will receive gabapentin 1800-mg/day orally for 12-weeks while participants in group B will receive gabapentin 2700-mg/day orally for 12-weeks. Participants in group C will receive a matching placebo for the same duration. We have selected this dose regimen based on our experience with using gabapentin in the pilot study. The present study is designed as a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group, dose-ranging, phase II clinical trial. In addition to receiving gabapentin or placebo, all subjects will receive a brief behavioral counseling intervention during participation in the study.
An improved highly alkaline hair straightening emulsion and a two component system for preparing the emulsion are provided. The emulsion employs a combination of strong nitrogenous organic base and alkali  metal hydroxide in the presence of an alkaline earth metal cation. Neither the amount of the alkali metal hydroxide nor the amount of organic base present in the emulsion is sufficient by itself to effectively permanently straighten naturally curly hair. Alkaline earth meta l hydroxides are characteristically ineffective as permanent hair straighteners. However, surprisingly, the combination is effective for achieving permanent straightening of hair within a treatment time of not more than about 30 minutes. In use, the emulsion also substantially avoids scalp skin irritation. Also, hair discoloration and hair breakage are minimized.
There are provided tetravalent TGF? receptor-ectodomain based traps having a tailored isoform-specificity profile for neutralization of TGF? ligands, and methods of use thereof in the treatment of diseases and conditions associated with TGF?, particularly TGF?1 and TGF?3. In particular, there are provided TGF? binding agents designed to tailor TGF? isoform specificity, in order to maximize therapeutic efficacy in specific disease indications while minimizing adverse effects. The TGF? binding agents comprise two polypeptides assembled via a multimerization domain, each polypeptide having two TGF?II receptor (TGF?R) ligand-binding domains linked as a doublet, wherein the linkers are selected to tailor isoform specificity.