anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The chemical name of foscarnet sodium is phosphonoformic acid, trisodium salt. Foscarnet sodium is a white, crystalline powder containing 6 equivalents of water of hydration with an empirical formula of Na3CO5P·6H2O and a molecular weight of 300.1. The structural formula is:

Foscarnet sodium injection has the potential to chelate divalent metal ions, such as calcium and magnesium, to form stable coordination compounds. Foscarnet sodium injection is a sterile, isotonic aqueous solution for intravenous administration only. The solution is clear and colorless. Each milliliter of foscarnet sodium Injection contains 24 mg of foscarnet sodium hexahydrate in Water for Injection, USP. Hydrochloric acid may have been added to adjust the pH of the solution to 7.4. Foscarnet sodium injection contains no preservatives.
Early rectal cancer can be removed by minimally-invasive surgery, and the standard pathological assessment of the removed tumour gives valuable information about how advanced the tumour is. This information is very important in indicating whether the cancer is likely to recur, and therefore in advising the patient after surgery whether further treatment is advisable, and if not, what is the most appropriate follow-up regime. However there is still a lot of uncertainty in these predictions about recurrence of the cancer, and better tests are being sought. This study aims to look at two further pathology tests, ploidy and stroma ratio in the tumour, and correlate these test results with outcome in patients who have had an early rectal cancer removed. This will allow the investigators to assess whether these two tests provide additional value in predicting outcome. If so, clinicians would be better able to advise patients with early rectal cancer about their prognosis and further management.

Routine histopathology analysis of a rectal cancer specimen removed at surgery includes assessment of tumour size, depth of invasion, vascular, lymphatic and perineural invasion, tumour involvement of resection margins and nodal involvement. This information is valuable in predicting outcome. For example, predicted rates of local recurrence at 36 months following local excision of rectal cancer by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) based on tumour size, depth of invasion and lymphatic invasion have been tabulated. However such models are not perfect, and leave room for improvement. Ploidy and stroma ratio are two further tests which have shown some promise in predicting outcome.

Ploidy refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell nucleus. Most human cells are normally diploid, with two sets of 23 chromosomes. Abnormal tumour cells may have a different number of sets of chromosomes, or be aneuploid, having some replicated or deleted chromosomes. In general, aneuploidy in cancer cells is associated with a worse prognosis. An early study of DNA ploidy in rectal cancer using flow cytometry showed an independent but small predictive effective of aneuploidy on survival. Technological advances now allow more accurate and detailed assessment of ploidy. The DNA ploidy status of tumour cells in early ovarian cancer has been found to predict which patients will benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery to remove the ovarian tumour and is used routinely in some centres to aid in decision-making.

Stroma ratio refers to the tumour: stroma ratio. A lower proportion of tumour cells or, conversely, a higher percentage of stroma, in a cancer tends to be associated with a poorer prognosis. This ratio has been found to be strongly associated with tumour growth and invasion in colorectal cancers, and to independently predict survival in patients undergoing surgery to removal colorectal tumours. However previous studies have looked mainly at more advanced colon cancers, rather than early rectal cancers, and have used only cancer-related death as the endpoint, rather than looking at local recurrence and response to adjuvant treatments.
BACKGROUND: Burst suppression (BS) is a specific electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern that may contribute to postoperative delirium and negative outcomes. Few prediction models of BS are available and some factors such as frailty and intraoperative hypotension (IOH) which have been reported to promote the occurrence of BS were not included. Therefore, we look forward to creating a straightforward, precise, and clinically useful prediction model by incorporating new factors, such as frailty and IOH.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected 540 patients and analyzed the data from 418 patients. Univariate analysis and backward stepwise logistic regression were used to select risk factors to develop a dynamic nomogram model, and then we developed a web calculator to visualize the process of prediction. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated in terms of discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility.
RESULTS: According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the nomogram showed good discriminative ability (AUC = 0.933) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test demonstrated the nomogram had good calibration (p = 0.0718). Age, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score, midazolam dose, propofol induction dose, total area under the hypotensive threshold of mean arterial pressure (MAP_AUT), and cerebrovascular diseases were the independent risk predictors of BS and used to construct nomogram. The web-based dynamic nomogram calculator was accessible by clicking on the URL: https://eegbsnomogram.shinyapps.io/dynnomapp/ or scanning a converted Quick Response (QR) code.
CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating two distinctive new risk factors, frailty and IOH, we firstly developed a visualized nomogram for accurately predicting BS in non-cardiac surgery patients. The model is expected to guide clinical decision-making and optimize anesthesia management.
The invention relates to the field of medicine and particularly to the use of amino-C 2 -C 6 -alkyl nitrates or amino-C 2 -C 4 -alkyl nitrates or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment and prophylaxis of a chronic disease or condition associated with impaired tissue or organ perfusion. More particularly the invention provides novel treatment options for micro- and/or macro-vascular diseases selected from the group of diseases associated with impaired capillary function, impaired muscular function, impaired skin function, impaired cartilage function, impaired myocardial function, impaired retinal function or impaired organ function caused by impairment of tissue and organ perfusion or by impairment of the regeneration of capillaries, arterioles or other vascular tissue. Examples of such diseases are diseases associated with impaired wound healing (including burning injuries), ulcers (e.g. diabetic foot ulcer), and specifically severe peripheral artery disease including critical limb ischaemia in patients with or without type 2 diabetes, Moyamoya disease or metabolic disorders leading to vascular dysfunction. The invention also relates to the use of said amino-alkyl nitrates and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the form of an extended release composition or in the form of skin patches. The most preferred amino-alkyl nitrate in accordance with the invention is 2-aminoethyl nitrate or its tosylate salt.
A minimum of one patient at each dose level will be enrolled. Patients will receive a 4 week treatment cycle consisting of lapatinib 3 day on/11 day off in tandem with capecitabine 7 day on/7 day off with lapatinib. Both drugs will be administered orally as outpatient. Safety, toxicity, and DLT will be assessed weekly during the cycle 1 (first 4 weeks). Each patient will be monitored during cycle 1 prior to enrolling the next patient to the next higher dose level. Dose escalation will take place if no DLT or less than two occurrences of grade 2 toxicity (except those listed below) is observed within a given patient. In the event that a second instance of separate grade 2 toxicity (except those listed below) is noted, the cohort will be expanded to 3 patients at the same dose level and the study will revert to the standard 3+3 design with 3 patients per cohort. There will be no intra-patient dose escalation.
The multiple-session DMT intervention was applied to participants twice a week as a total of 24 sessions of 60 minutes over three months. The DMT intervention protocol was developed based on the therapist's experience, the theoretical frameworks, and the DMT approach described in a previous study (Bryl and Goodill 2019).
INTRODUCTION: According to the World Health Organization, Microscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing malaria. However, the performance of this examination depends on the experience of the microscopist and the level of parasitemia. Thus, molecular biology detection of malaria could be an alternative technique.
AIM: evaluate the contribution of molecular biology in detecting imported malaria.
METHODS: This was a descriptive, prospective study, including all students, from the Monastir region, and foreigners, from countries endemic to malaria. The study period was from September 2020 to April 2021. Each subject was screened for malaria by three methods: direct microscopic detection of Plasmodium, detection of plasmodial antigens, and detection of plasmodial DNA by nested PCR.
RESULTS: Among the 127 subjects screened, only one had a positive microscopic examination for Plasmodium falciparum. Among the 126 subjects with a negative microscopic examination, twelve students had a positive nested PCR result, i.e. 9.5%. Molecular sequencing allowed the identification of ten isolates of Plasmodium falciparum, one Plasmodium malariae and one Plasmodium ovale. Our study showed that the results of nested PCR agreed with those of microscopy in 90.6% of cases.
CONCLUSION: Nested PCR seems more sensitive for the detection of low parasitemias. Hence the importance of including molecular biology as a malaria screening tool to ensure better detection of imported cases.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are routinely being treated with combinations of 3 or 4 drugs (highly active antiretroviral therapy \[HAART\]), to reduce the risk of viral resistance development. Development of new potent antiretroviral (ARV) drugs is urgently needed to prolong suppression of viral replication in subjects infected with HIV. This is a Phase I, open-label, parallel, controlled, sequential study to investigate the single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics, and short-term safety and tolerability of TMC278 in subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment compared to subjects with normal hepatic function. The trial aims to provide guidance on administration and dose recommendations of TMC278 in subjects with mildly or moderately impaired hepatic function. The study population will consist of a total of 32 male and female subjects between 18 and 65 years. Panel A will consist of 8 subjects with mild hepatic impairment and 8 healthy subjects matched for sex, age (± 5 yrs), and BMI (± 15%). Panel B will consist of 8 subjects with moderate hepatic impairment and 8 healthy subjects matched for sex, age (± 5 yrs), and BMI (± 15%). Treatment in Panel A and Panel B will be conducted sequentially. Subjects in Panel A will receive a TMC278 25 mg tablet once daily for a total of 11 days. Recruitment for subjects for Panel B will start after evaluation of the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic data from subjects in Panel A. The anticipated dose of TMC278 to be administered to subjects in Panel B is the same dose as for Panel A (25 mg once daily for 11 days), but this dose might be adjusted depending on the results of Panel A.
To provide a technique capable of performing printing on a surface of a granular material in a direction of a secant line without changing a direction of holding the granular material.SOLUTION: A printer for printing an image on a surface 91 of a granular material includes a conveyance mechanism, an imaging unit 102, a rear surface secant line detection unit and a printing unit. The conveyance mechanism conveys the granular material while holding it from a rear surface 92 side. The imaging unit generates image data by imaging the surface and a side surface 93 of the conveyed granular material. The rear surface secant line detection unit detects whether or not there is a secant line on the rear surface, and detects a direction of the secant line on the basis of the image data. The printing unit performs printing on the surface of the granular material on the basis of the direction of the secant line detected by the rear surface secant line detection unit. With this, the printer can print the image correctly on the surface of the granular material in the detected direction of the secant line without changing a direction of holding the granular material after detecting the secant line on the rear surface of the granular material.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7
The detection rate of multifocal / multicentric breast cancer (MMBC) is increasing, and the local treatment of MMBC is attracting more attention. Relevant research focuses on the selection of surgical methods, the application of radiotherapy, and the feasibility of local ablation. Currently, due to the high rate of local recurrence in breast conserving surgery, most Chinese doctors recommend mastectomy to patients with MMBC. Recent studies have shown that with the development of imaging technology, surgical techniques, accurate judgment of the resection margin, the emergence of new therapeutic drugs and the improvement of the accuracy of radiotherapy, for eligible patients with MMBC, breast conserving surgery did not increase the local recurrence rate while ensuring negative margin and cosmetic results. Whether patients with MMBC must receive adjuvant radiotherapy after mastectomy is controversial, with some evidence suggesting that MMBC may increase the risk of local recurrence and should be an important consideration for radiotherapy, and there is also evidence that the local recurrence rate of MMBC was higher regardless of the type of surgery. In general, the local treatment modality for MMBC is essentially the same as that for unifocal breast cancer, but more prospective studies are needed for further evaluation.
The pre-operative liquid diet will be started two weeks before surgery date for both groups. During the first week patients in group A (Wolffia Globosa) will be allowed to have two meals a day and one protein shake (Wolffia Globosa) of 16 oz. Each meal will consist of 3-5 oz of lean protein (Chicken, turkey or fish) and one cup of vegetables or salad. During the second week, patients will drink one protein shake of 16 oz (Wolffia Globosa) as a meal replacement, three times per day and will not be allowed to eat solid food. Patients will also be allowed to Drink clear liquids in between protein shakes.
This narrative review aims to elucidate an emerging state of consciousness termed "cognitivemotor dissociation", characterized by brain activity patterns closely resembling those observed in healthy individuals. This distinctive phenomenon is notably evident in patients diagnosed with comatose states, unresponsive wakefulness states, or minimally conscious states. Employing functional magnetic resonance imaging or electroencephalography holds promise for identifying cognitive-motor dissociation. The emergence of cognitive-motor dissociation not only introduces a fresh conceptual framework but also provides valuable predictive insights into outcomes and prognoses for individuals with disorders of consciousness. However, the recognition of cognitive-motor dissociation raises ethical considerations, particularly in evaluating the decision-making capacity regarding life-or-death choices for individuals in this state. Therefore, it is crucial to advocate for further scientific and comprehensive research to enhance our understanding of cognitive-motor dissociation and navigate its nuanced complexities. Keywords: cognitive-motor dissociation, coma, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, minimally conscious state, functional MRI, EEG.
The LDD group included subjects with at least 1 abnormal disc from L1-2 to L5-S1 of grade III, IV, or V. The non-LDD group included subjects with 5 normal discs of grade I or II. For further assessment, the most damaged disc of the 5 constituted the highest grade of LDD.
ALLN-346 is novel urate oxidase provided as capsules for oral administration. ALLN-346 will be administered as 5 capsules thrice daily (15 capsules per day total) to each of two subject cohorts based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Treatment Period is 14 Days.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this review, we provide an overview of different time-limited combination therapies of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and summarize the data of pivotal clinical studies. Furthermore, we discuss the relevance of MRD in clinical trials and summarize the challenges that arise in routine clinical care. Finally, we provide an outlook on studies and datasets needed to optimize the use of time-limited treatment strategies and MRD assessments in modern CLL management.
RECENT FINDINGS: In recent years, first-line treatment of CLL has undergone a considerable transformation, with targeted substances having largely replaced chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) as a time-limited strategy in the frontline setting. BTK inhibitors were the first class of targeted agents introduced in CLL, which achieved longer progression-free survival (PFS) and in some cases also overall survival (OS) than CIT. However, this required an indefinite drug intake until disease progression, while CIT is generally administered over the course of few months. In contrast to BTK inhibitors, BCL2 inhibitors, another class of targeted agents, can achieve high rates of undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD) levels and induce deep molecular remissions with the potential to stop treatment while maintaining remissions. Combinations of BCL2 inhibitors with CD20 antibodies or with BTK inhibitors have been explored to establish time-limited treatment strategies with targeted agents. In this context, one of the strongest predictors of long-term outcomes is MRD status at the end of treatment, which has been shown to correlate closely with PFS and OS in most cases.
PURPOSE:Nursery powder composed mainly of mica powder and containing an acidic substance, which keeps the weakly acidic state of the human epidermis and effective to prevent and cure the heat rash, sore, etc. of infants caused by the stimulation to the skin and the attack of microorganisms. CONSTITUTION:A weakly acidic nursery powder composed mainly of mica powder which is an alkali metal-containing aluminosilicate, treated with an acidic substance. The mica powder is white powder having particle sizes of about 5-40  microns. The acidic substance is inorganic or organic compound, pref. an organic  acid, such as citric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, etc. Amino acid is not desirable because it promotes the proliferation of microorganisms at a high concentration. The amount of the acidic substance is, in case of an organic acid, about  0.04-2.4 parts, pref. 0.04-0.4 part by weight per 100 parts of the whole composition.
A diabetic foot cream composition for use in treating diabetic foot syndrome is described. The composition includes synergistically effective amounts of a moisturizing agent, aloe vera, a plurality of vitamins, urea, and at least one of a plurality of botanical agents. Advantageously, the vitamins include Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Vitamin D. The botanical agents can include arnica, blueberry extract, and pomegranate oil. Methods of ameliorating the symptoms of diabetic foot syndrome are likewise described. The method can include applying a diabetic foot cream to the surface of a foot and massaging the cream into the skin's surface. The treatment area can optionally be cleaned prior to application of the diabetic foot cream. In some aspects, the area is cleaned with a medicated pad.
BACKGROUND: Highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) was introduced to improve wear in total hip arthroplasty, with manufacturers implementing different thermal treatments to reduce oxidation. It is important to understand how long-term time in vivo affects the wear of these materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the wear and oxidative performance of first-generation HXLPE hip inserts implanted for greater than 10 years and compare annealed and remelted HXLPE formulations.
METHODS: There were 49 total hip arthroplasty liners retrieved during routine revision surgery as part of an institutional review board-approved implant retrieval program. Penetration rates for the liners were calculated as the difference between the thickness of the unloaded and loaded regions divided by implantation time. Oxidation indices for the rim, locking mechanism, articulating surface, and backside regions were measured using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy according to American Society for Testing and Materials 2102. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine the statistical difference between annealed and remelted components.
RESULTS: The cohort had an average implantation time of 13.1 ± 2.6 years for annealed and 12.1 ± 1.7 years for remelted components. The components were revised most often for polyethylene wear, instability, and loosening. The penetration rate averaged 0.0177 ± 0.014 mm/year for annealed components and 0.015 ± 0.022 mm/year for remelted components. Penetration rates did not differ between the remelted and annealed cohorts (P = .28). Oxidation indices were found to be significantly higher in the annealed cohort for all regions of interest (P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS: Oxidation was found to be higher in the annealed HXLPE; however, this does not seem to be associated with greater wear as we found the average penetration rates for the cohorts were low, and the penetration rates were similar between the annealed and remelted cohorts.
Eligible patients will receive olaparib in combination with pembrolizumab. Olaparib will be administered orally at 300 mg every 12 hours. Pembrolizumab will be administered intravenously (IV) at 200mg every 3 weeks.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) on Quality of Life (QoL) in Indian patients with obesity over 10 years.
METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted at 11 centres for individuals with MBS between February 2013 and May 2022. Patient medical records provided the source of de-identified data.
RESULTS: Data from 2132 individuals with a mean age of 43.28 ± 11.96 years was analysed. There were 37.43% men and 62.57% females in the study population. The study population had a mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) of 45.71 ± 10.38 kg/m2. The Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System (BAROS) scoring method showed a higher overall QoL score throughout all follow-up periods, with 'very good' outcomes at one, three and 7 years and 'good' outcomes at 5 and 10 years. Improvements in QoL were associated with a substantial improvement (p < .01) in BMI at every follow-up time point.
CONCLUSIONS: Following MBS, individuals with obesity exhibited a substantial and long-term improvement in their overall QoL for up to 10 years. This study presents Indian data on QoL, which is considered one of the most important decision-making factors for or against an intervention.