anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Microangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are essential for tumor growth in the tumor microenvironment, contributing to tumor invasion and metastasis. Limited literature exists on these processes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the impacts of microangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis on the occurrence, progression, and prognosis assessment of ESCC.
METHODS: Surgical specimens and paraffin-embedded human tissues were procured from ESCC patients, encompassing 100 ESCC tissues and 100 cancer-adjacent normal (CAN) tissues. CD34 and D2-40 were utilized as markers for microvessel endothelial cells and lymphatic vessel endothelial cells, respectively. Microvascular density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) were evaluated through immunohistochemical quantification.
RESULTS: We found that tumor tissues in ESCC patients had significantly higher MVD and LVD than cancer-adjacent normal (CAN) tissues. High MVD and LVD were associated with lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor clinical stages. Additionally, both high MVD and high LVD were strongly linked to poorer prognosis among cancer patients. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between high MVD and high LVD (p < 0.05). The presence of these markers individually indicated a worse prognosis, with their combined assessment showcasing enhanced prognostic value.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the increased MVD and LVD indicates higher invasion and metastasis of ESCC, closely correlating with unfavorablefor poor prognosis of ESCC patients.
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with potassium acetate. It is also not known whether potassium acetate can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Potassium acetate should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Pediatric Use: The safety and effectiveness of potassium acetate have been established in pediatric patients.

Geriatric Use: An evaluation of current literature revealed no clinical experience identifying differences in response between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

Potassium ions are known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.
BACKGROUND: Strabismus is a complex oculomotor condition characterized by a misalignment of the visual axis. The genetics of strabismus are poorly defined although a few candidate genes have been identified, among which is the WNT2 gene. Our study was designed to assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of WNT2 in Pakistani strabismus patients.
METHODS: A total of six SNPs, three intronic and three in the 3́ untranslated region, were screened in the current study. Logistic regression was performed using a dominant, recessive and additive model to determine the association of SNPs with strabismus and its clinical subtypes: esotropia and exotropia. Furthermore, haplotype analysis was performed.
RESULTS: Regression analysis revealed an association of rs2896218, rs3779550, rs2285544 and rs4730775 with strabismus under the dominant model. When analyzed separately, rs2896218 and rs2285544 were found to be associated with both esotropia and exotropia, while rs4730775 was significantly associated only with exotropia under the dominant model. Based on clinical parameters, rs2896218, rs2285544 and rs4730775 were also found to be associated with the group of strabismus patients who were diagnosed at birth, but not in the group of patients who were diagnosed later in life. Haplotype analysis revealed that the haplotype A T T (corresponding to rs2896218, rs3779550 and rs2285544) was significantly more prevalent in the strabismus group.
CONCLUSION: Overall, the results of the present study suggest an association of WNT2 polymorphisms with strabismus and its subtypes in the Pakistani population, though further studies are needed to elucidate their role in strabismus etiology.
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effect of modern hip arthroscopy on the natural history of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) with respect to joint preservation.
PURPOSE: To (1) characterize the natural history of FAIS and (2) understand the effect of modern hip arthroscopy by radiographically comparing the hips of patients who underwent only unilateral primary hip arthroscopy with a minimum follow-up of 10 years.
STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.
METHODS: Between 2010 and 2012, 619 consecutive patients were reviewed from the practice of a single fellowship-trained hip arthroscopic surgeon. Inclusion criteria were FAIS, bilateral radiographic findings of femoroacetabular impingement, primary unilateral hip arthroscopy (labral repair, femoroplasty, or capsular closure), and minimum 10-year follow-up. The preoperative and minimum 10-year postoperative radiographs of patients were evaluated at each time point. Both operative and nonoperative hips were graded using the Tönnis classification or the presence of hip arthroplasty by 2 independent reviewers. Subgroup analyses were performed.
RESULTS: A total of 200 hips from 100 patients were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 12.0 years. Preoperatively, 98% and 99% of operative and nonoperative hips were evaluated as Tönnis grades 0 and 1, respectively; 5% of nonoperative hips had worse Tönnis grades than operative hips. The nonoperative hip advanced to a worse Tönnis grade in 48% (48/100) of cases compared with 28% (28/100) among operative hips. At follow-up, Tönnis grades between hips were equal in 70% (70/100) of the cases, the operative hip had a better grade 25% (25/100) of the time, and the nonoperative hip had a better grade 5% (5/100) of the time. Modern hip arthroscopy was associated with a relative risk reduction of 42% in osteoarthritis progression. Impingement with borderline dysplasia, age, preoperative Tönnis grade, and alpha angle >65° were key risk factors in the radiographic progression of osteoarthritis.
CONCLUSION: Although the majority of patients (70%) undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS did not experience differences between operative and nonoperative hips in terms of the radiographic progression of osteoarthritis, the natural history may be favorably altered for 25% of patients whose Tönnis grade was better after undergoing arthroscopic correction. Modern hip arthroscopy indications and techniques represent a valid joint-preservation procedure conferring a relative risk reduction of 42% in the progression of osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy for mixed patterns of impingement and instability were the fastest to degenerate.
Cardiopulmonary bypass has been speculated to elicit systemic inflammation to initiate acute lung injury (ALI), including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), in patients after cardiac surgery. We previously found that post-operative patients showed an increase in endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (eEVs) with components of coagulation and acute inflammatory responses. However, the mechanism underlying the onset of ALI owing to the release of eEVs after cardiopulmonary bypass, remains unclear. Plasma plasminogen-activated inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and eEV levels were measured in patients with cardiopulmonary bypass. Endothelial cells and mice (C57BL/6, Toll-like receptor 4 knockout (TLR4-/-) and inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS-/-)) were challenged with eEVs isolated from PAI-1-stimulated endothelial cells. Plasma PAI-1 and eEVs were remarkably enhanced after cardiopulmonary bypass. Plasma PAI-1 elevation was positively correlated with the increase in eEVs. The increase in plasma PAI-1 and eEV levels was associated with post-operative ARDS. The eEVs derived from PAI-1-stimulated endothelial cells could recognize TLR4 to stimulate a downstream signaling cascade identified as the Janus kinase 2/3 (JAK2/3)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) pathway, along with iNOS induction, and cytokine/chemokine production in vascular endothelial cells and C57BL/6 mice, ultimately contributing to ALI. ALI could be attenuated by JAK2/3 or STAT3 inhibitors (AG490 or S3I-201, respectively), and was relieved in TLR4-/- and iNOS-/- mice. eEVs activate the TLR4/JAK3/STAT3/IRF-1 signaling pathway to induce ALI/ARDS by delivering follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), and FSTL1 knockdown in eEVs alleviates eEV-induced ALI/ARDS. Our data thus demonstrate that cardiopulmonary bypass may increase plasma PAI-1 levels to induce FSTL1-enriched eEVs, which target the TLR4-mediated JAK2/3/STAT3/IRF-1 signaling cascade and form a positive feedback loop, leading to ALI/ARDS after cardiac surgery. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for ALI/ARDS after cardiac surgery.
Patients randomized to high-dose benazepril were started on benazepril 10mg twice daily, and uptitrated to target doses within 7 days under in-hospital observation. The target high doses of benazepril is determined by left-ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (the maximal value of anteroposterior and lateral diameters) obtained by ECG at the randomization visit. A target dose of benazepril 40mg, 60mg, 80mg daily were assigned to patients with LVEDD of 50-59, 60-69, ≥70 mm respectively.
Method treating cancer with a root extract of Ecballium elaterium. The extract contains 10-35% of the chopped root in an infusion. The infusion is said to remove malignant tumours from the body without trace of metastases, internal scars or anaemia. There is 1 mg of elaterine in 60 g of root. The infusion was made by adding the chopped root to heated water in a proportion depending on the patient to be treated. For 3-5 yr. children two glasses per day of infusion cont. 10% of root in 35% of water was given. The proportion of root was increased for older patients until adults received infusion contg. 35% of root and 45% of water.
A prospective observational diagnostic study will be conducted. Patients ≥ 18-year-old and requiring the insertion of an nasogastric tube will be recruited using a convenience sampling method from general medical and geriatric wards, intensive care units (ICUs), accident and emergency departments (AEDs), and subacute/rehabilitation/infirmary wards in 21 acute or subacute/convalescent/extended care hospitals. End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) detection by sidestream capnography, which indicates airway intubation of an nasogastric tube when a capnogram waveform or an ETCO2 level \> 10 mmHg, will serve as the index test. The reference standards will be the pH value of gastric content aspiration (pH ≤ 5.5 indicates gastric placement) and X-ray performed after the index test. Each participant will be included only once. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of capnography will be calculated to assess the diagnostic performance of capnography. The variability in diagnostic accuracy in participants with different characteristics will be compared. The time spent and the cost of the index test and the reference test will be compared.

This study will provide evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of capnography in verifying nasogastric tube placement and inform the update of clinical practice guidelines and stakeholders' decisions regarding the adoption of ETCO2 detection as a routine method for verifying nasogastric tube placement.
The present invention relates to an instant spleen-invigorating powder suitable for the treatment of pediatric disease and a preparation method thereof. The instant powder is prepared from accredited pilose asiabell root decoction piece, coked largehead atractylodes rhizome, poria, coloured malt, weeping forsythia, reed rhizome, rehmannia root, ophiopogon root, common anemarrhena rhizome, snakegourd root, pueraria, etc., and the instant powder of granules is obtained through the modern pharmacy technology. The instant powder has brown color and sweet and bitter taste, and has the functions for reinforcing the spleen to promote digestion, promoting the production of the body fluid and nourishing the stomach. The instant powder is mainly used for treating dystrophy caused by the dysfunction of children's spleens and stomachs. The preparation method of the instant powder is simple, scientific and standard, and the instant powder is easy for mass production. The powder is good for pediatric patients and families thereof.
Carcinogenicity studies have not been performed with sorafenib. Sorafenib was clastogenic when tested in an in vitro mammalian cell assay (Chinese hamster ovary) in the presence of metabolic activation. Sorafenib was not mutagenic in the in vitro Ames bacterial cell assay or clastogenic in an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. One intermediate in the manufacturing process, which is also present in the final drug substance (<0.15%), was positive for mutagenesis in an in vitro bacterial cell assay (Ames test) when tested independently.

No specific studies with sorafenib have been conducted in animals to evaluate the effect on fertility. However, results from the repeat-dose toxicity studies suggest there is a potential for sorafenib to impair reproductive function and fertility. Multiple adverse effects were observed in male and female reproductive organs, with the rat being more susceptible than mice or dogs. Typical changes in rats consisted of testicular atrophy or degeneration, degeneration of epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicles, central necrosis of the corpora lutea and arrested follicular development. Sorafenib-related effects on the reproductive organs of rats were manifested at daily oral doses ≥5 mg/kg (30 mg/m2). This dose results in an exposure (AUC) that is approximately 0.5 times the AUC in patients at the recommended human dose. Dogs showed tubular degeneration in the testes at 30 mg/kg/day (600 mg/m2/day). This dose results in an exposure that is approximately 0.3 times the AUC at the recommended human dose. Oligospermia was observed in dogs at 60 mg/kg/day (1200 mg/m2/day) of sorafenib.
Acne scarring results from a common inflammatory condition present in many people. These scars can have an impact on quality of life by influencing self-esteem and social acceptance. Current acne scarring treatments, such as chemical peels and laser treatments, often have limited success due to their time-consuming nature and the variability of acne scar types. The subcision technique has shown promise for the treatment of rolling acne scars. There are few studies to date that examine the effects of multiple subcision treatments on rolling acne scars. We evaluated whether the use of multiple subcision treatments improved the appearance of rolling acne scars compared to no treatment. Five patients with rolling acne scars on both sides of their face who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. One side of the face was randomized to receive treatment, while the contralateral side of the face received no treatment. Subjects underwent five sequential subcision treatments, spaced 4 weeks apart, with two follow-up visits at weeks 20 and 36 from the 1st treatment. Photographs were taken before and after the initial treatment visit and at each subsequent visit. Acne scar appearance was evaluated by the subject, a blinded live rater, and two double-blinded dermatologist raters. Evaluations of treatment outcomes involved overall acne scar appearance on a 5-point scale, acne scar improvement on a percentage scale, a modified quantitative global scarring grading system, and potential treatment side effects. There was a greater decrease in global scarring scores in the multiple subcision side compared to the control side. There was a greater difference in the average acne scar appearance scores between the Week 36 follow-up visit and baseline for the multiple subcision side compared to that of the control side. 50% of patients reported being more satisfied with the treatment side compared to the control side in regard to overall improvement. The study results suggest that multiple subcision treatments may improve the appearance of rolling acne scars compared to no treatment.
The invention relates to traditional Chinese medicine composition with functions of relaxing muscles and tendons and promoting blood circulation. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from components in parts by mass as follows: 30-45 parts of safflower, 9-12 parts of Chinese angelica, 4-7 parts of angelica dahurica, 3-6 parts of zedoary rhizome, 15-18 parts of Poria cocos, 13-16 parts of common clubmoss herb, 8-13 parts of myrrh, 9-15 parts of mulberry twig, 10-15 parts of towel gourd stem, 5-8 parts of foetid gymnema, 18-21 parts of root of Nothosmyrnium japonicum and 14-19 parts of root and rhizome of canton fairybells. The traditional Chinese medicine composition completely adopts all-natural traditional Chinese medicines, has low side effects and is low in cost. Tablets of the traditional Chinese medicine composition have remarkable treatment effect on injuries of muscles and bones. The cure rate for the injuries of muscles and bones after the prepared tablets are taken is as high as 63.41%, and the marked effect (including cure and effect) rate is as high as 86.18%. Compared with the prior art, the cure rate for the injuries of muscles and bones after the prepared tablets are taken is increased by 13.03%, and the marked effect (including cure and effect) rate is increased by 10.42%.
Youth exposed to chronic stress exhibit increased cardiometabolic risk which parental social support may attenuate. Notably, theories emphasize that support should be delivered responsively for it to exert buffering effects, but this has not been thoroughly tested empirically. This study examined whether timing of support is an important but unrecognized element of responsiveness during adolescence in buffering the link between chronic stress and cardiometabolic risk. Participants were 242 adolescents aged 15 years (63 % female, 38 % Black). Adolescents completed assessments of chronic stress (Life Stress Interview), and trained personnel collected anthropometric measures and blood samples to assess cardiometabolic risk (reflected in low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome). Adolescents also completed an eight-day diary assessment to report daily stressor exposure and parental support. Using the diary data, responsiveness of parental support was operationalized as the within-individual difference in parental support received on stressor (vs. non-stressor) days, such that increased parental support on stressor days reflected more timely support. Results suggest that responsive parental support buffered the link between chronic stress and cardiovascular risk. Specifically, chronic stress was associated with greater risk only when parental support was not temporally aligned with stress exposure, but this association was not observed among adolescents who received timely parental support. These findings shed light on why parental support may not always exert buffering effects during adolescence, highlighting the importance of taking a developmental approach to understanding protective effects.
Brentuximab vedotin at a fixed dose of 1.8 mg/kg will be administered by intravenous infusion on day 1 of every 21-day cycle. MLN8237 at a dose of 60 mg will be orally administered daily in 2 divided doses (30 mg qAM, 30 mg qPM) from days 1 to 7 of each 21-day cycle. MLN8237 dose will be escalated in 20-mg increments to the maximum dose of 100 mg (Level 2) or de-escalated in a 20-mg decrement to the minimum dose of 40 mg (Level -1).
The invention provides a method and system by which research data can be collected and analyzed during the course of the research testing, and the research testing itself possibly modified to account for conclusions drawn from the research data. In a first aspect of the invention, a research subject can respond to a protocol stored on a server by manipulating input keys on a remotely located client device onto which a research protocol has been installed. The protocol can include questions concerning the subject's physical or mental well being such as whether their symptoms are relieved or not, or even exacerbated. The protocol can also include calling for data obtained by coupling the client device with another medical device such as a glucose monitor. In a preferred embodiment, the subject is presented with narrowly structured questions and suggested answers provided by the protocol. The set of possible answers is restricted. In the event that a suggested answer is ambiguous, inapplicable or raises new questions, a protocol can present a new question to the subject. This elimination of fuzzy answers imposes a logical structure upon the subjects' assessments. In a second aspect of the invention, data entered by the subject is relayed using a communication link to a server device. This incoming data can be aggregated with other incoming data from subjects and their associated client devices. In a preferred embodiment, the data is statistically analyzed according to parameters set by the protocol. In a third aspect of the invention, a remote expert research clinician can review incoming data from either the aggregated population or from individuals as it is being analyzed. Such rapid collection and analysis allows a researcher to change the protocol in response to the trend of the data, correlate different parameters of the data so as to better identify subjects that are responding to treatment and schedule appropriate interventions as needed. The researcher can also identify specific subgroups among the population of subjects, initiate new lines of inquiry and test new sub-hypotheses that may be raised by the incoming data. This includes correlating different drug responses experienced by phenotypically similar subjects with gene expression, and other variables.