anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liposome having high imaging ability for a lesion part, including a gas or a droplet efficiently encapsulated therein, and exhibiting excellent therapeutic effects in a heating and coagulating therapeutic method (a method by high intensity focused ultrasound).  <P>SOLUTION: The liposome includes biocompatible micelles including perfluorohydrocarbon. The perfluorohydrocarbon in the inside of the micelle is, for example, perfluoro-n-pentane. The surface of the liposome is modified with transferrin. Doxorubicin is included in the interior of the liposome as a sonochemistry activator.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), affecting over one-third of type 1 and nearly half of type 2 diabetes patients. As the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally, DKD develops through a complex interplay of chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Early detection is crucial, with diagnosis based on persistent albuminuria and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Treatment strategies emphasize comprehensive management, including glycemic control, blood pressure regulation, and the use of nephroprotective agents such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. Ongoing research explores novel therapies targeting molecular pathways and non-coding RNAs. Preventive measures focus on rigorous control of hyperglycemia and hypertension, aiming to mitigate disease progression. Despite therapeutic advances, DKD remains a leading cause of ESRD, highlighting the need for continued research to identify new biomarkers and innovative treatments.
Subjects will receive fluticasone furoate 100 mcg inhalation powder via ELLIPTA DPI once daily for the 12 week treatment period. Subjects will receive salbutamol/albuterol as rescue medication on an as-needed basis.
BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke is often accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammatory response, both of which work synergistically to exacerbate the disruption of the blood-brain barrier and ischemic brain injury. ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase), a cancer-associated receptor tyrosine kinase, was found to play a role in oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of ALK inhibition in a murine model of ischemic stroke.
METHODS: Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by temporary occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery in mice with a filament. The ALK inhibitor alectinib was administered following the stroke. ALOX15 (arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase) was overexpressed by adenovirus injection. The immunohistochemistry, Western blot, oxidative stress, inflammation, blood-brain barrier leakage, infarct volume, and functional outcomes were determined.
RESULTS: We found that the expression of ALK was markedly increased in the neurovascular unit after cerebral ischemia. Treatment with the ALK inhibitor alectinib reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative DNA, increased the vascular levels of antioxidant enzymes, inactivated the vascular NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome pathway, and reduced vascular inflammation (ICAM-1 [intercellular adhesion molecule-1] and MCP-1 [monocyte chemoattractant protein-1]) after ischemia. Moreover, alectinib reduced the loss of cerebrovascular integrity and blood-brain barrier damage, consequently decreasing brain infarction and neurological deficits. Furthermore, alectinib reduced stroke-evoked ALOX15 expression, whereas virus-mediated overexpression of ALOX15 abolished alectinib-dependent inhibition of oxidative stress and vascular inflammation, blood-brain barrier protection, and neuroprotection, suggesting the protective effects of alectinib for stroke may involve ALOX15.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated that alectinib protects from stroke by regulating ischemic signaling cascades and suggest that ALK may be a novel therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Patients in GA group will receive general anesthesia combined with FNB. All patients received routine anesthesia and surgical protocols. GA will be induced by intravenously administering propofol 2-4 mg/kg, cisatracurium 0.2mg/kg, sufentanil 0.2-0.3 μg/kg and maintained with remifentanil at 0.15-0.2 μg/kg/min and 2%-3% sevoflurane to keep bispectral index (BIS) values at 40 - 60. FNB will be performed under ultrasound-guieded and combined with nerve stimulation. Using an in-plane technique, a 10-cm long 18- gauge (G) Tuohy needle will be inserted in the lateral to medial direction towards the femoral nerve (FN). As the needle is being advanced toward the FN, the nerve stimulator is set at 1 mA, 0.1-millisecond pulse duration, and 2-Hz frequency. When the muscle contraction of the quadriceps muscle is identified, the current is reduced to 0.5 mA. After the negative aspiration, 20 mL of ropivacaine 0.375% is injected.
To achieve maximum contraceptive effectiveness, NuvaRing must be used as directed [see Dosing and Administration (2.2)]. One NuvaRing is inserted in the vagina. The ring is to remain in place continuously for three weeks. It is removed for a one-week break, during which a withdrawal bleed usually occurs. A new ring is inserted one week after the last ring was removed.

The user can choose the insertion position that is most comfortable to her, for example, standing with one leg up, squatting, or lying down. The ring is to be compressed and inserted into the vagina. The exact position of NuvaRing inside the vagina is not critical for its function. The vaginal ring must be inserted on the appropriate day and left in place for three consecutive weeks. This means that the ring should be removed three weeks later on the same day of the week as it was inserted and at about the same time.

NuvaRing can be removed by hooking the index finger under the forward rim or by grasping the rim between the index and middle finger and pulling it out. The used ring should be placed in the sachet (foil pouch) and discarded in a waste receptacle out of the reach of children and pets (do not flush in toilet).

After a one-week break, during which a withdrawal bleed usually occurs, a new ring is inserted on the same day of the week as it was inserted in the previous cycle. The withdrawal bleed usually starts on Day 2-3 after removal of the ring and may not have finished before the next ring is inserted. In order to maintain contraceptive effectiveness, the new ring must be inserted exactly one week after the previous one was removed even if menstrual bleeding has not finished.
Silicosis is a progressive disease characterized by interstitial fibrosis resulting from inhalation of silica particles, and currently lacks specific treatment. Hydrogen (H2) has demonstrated antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties, yet its efficacy in treating silicosis remains unexplored. In this study, rats exposed to silica were administered interventions of H2 combined with tetrandrine, and euthanized at 14, 28, and 56 days post-intervention. Lung tissues and serum samples were collected for analysis. Histological examination, MDA assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hydroxyproline assay, and Western blotting were employed to assess the impact of H2 combined with tetrandrine on pulmonary fibrosis. The results revealed that this combination significantly alleviated inflammation in silicosis-afflicted rats, effectively suppressed levels of MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression, and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thereby ameliorating pulmonary fibrosis. Notably, protein expression level of E-cadherin was increased,however protein expression levels of vimentin and α-SMA were reduced, and TGF-β were reduced, alongside a significant decrease in hydroxyproline content. Furthermore, H2 combined with tetrandrine downregulated protein expression of NF-κB p65, NF-κB p-p65, Caspase-1, ASC, and NLRP3. These findings substantiate the hypothesis that H2 combined with tetrandrine mitigates inflammation associated with silicosis and suppresses the EMT process to ameliorate fibrosis via the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. However, the pressure of airway opening was not assessed in this study and dynamic readings of lung physiological function were not obtained, which is a major limitation of this study.
This is a multi-center, prospective randomized clinical study to evaluate the clinical outcome of subjects with DDD who are treated with ALIF and supplemental posterior fixation using Aspen compared to pedicle screw instrumentation. The study will involve up to approximately 25 investigational sites and enroll up to 156 67 subjects. The randomization ratio of two Aspen subjects to one pedicle screw subject (2:1) will be utilized.

Subjects with lumbar DDD who are candidates for ALIF at a single level will be screened for inclusion in the study. If the subject meets all of the eligibility criteria, they will be enrolled and randomized to either the Aspen or pedicle screw group. Subjects will continue to be followed by the guidelines set forth in this clinical protocol, which include: a postoperative discharge exam; six week, three month, six month, and one year post-op visits; and, concludes with a two year post-op visit. The follow-up is counted from the day of surgery. The enrollment period is expected to be approximately 12 months and subjects will be followed for 2 years post-op for the duration of the clinical investigation. The anticipated duration of the study is approximated to be 3 years.
The classic ketogenic diet is individually calculated for each patient based on age, weight, and nutritional needs. The diet is typically administered from a 2:1 to 4:1 ratio; this means 2 to 4 parts of fat to 1 part of both protein (calculated based on RDA and whatever remaining portion of carbohydrates. The basis of calculations is first on the amount of required protein needed to meet RDA to insure adequate growth. Fine tuning of ketogenic diet therapy is based on serum beta-hydroxybutyrate levels (target levels of 3.5-6.5 mmol/L), tolerance of the diet, and response to treatment.
Design: This research is a questionnaire survey. There will be no scaling in survey questions. The volunteers who will participate in the survey are nurses working in the pediatric endoscopy unit throughout Turkey, and the sample size was not calculated because it was desired to study in the whole universe and sampling was not used. Approximately 80 endoscopy nurses work in the pediatric endoscopy unit in Turkey. The universe consists of about 80 volunteers. Power analysis of the research will be done after the study is completed.

Methods: For this study, pediatric endoscopy nurses working in different clinics across our country will be invited. Questionnaires will be delivered to nurses through hospital visits or electronic media. The prepared questionnaire consists of a total of 33 questions evaluating nursing services on demographic data and sedation practices in pediatric endoscopy nurses' units. Of the 33 questions, 7 of them question the information about the socio-demographic data and professional experience of the pediatric endoscopy nurses, 16 of which will be answered as "yes" or "no" about the nursing services and approaches related to anesthesia management, the remaining 10 will consist of questions to be answered as "I agree" "I am undecided" "I do not agree".
Hemophilia is a blood disease characterized by a bleeding disorder that develops due to the deficiency of clotting factor VIII (Hamophilia A) or coagulation factor IX (Hamophilia B) proteins that provide clotting in the blood. In the hereditary disease showing X-linked recessive inheritance, female individuals are carriers and male individuals show a clinical picture. Although the clinical picture changes depending on the duration and frequency of bleeding, the severity of the disease is classified as severe, moderate and mild. Musculoskeletal problems are the most common complications in patients with severe and moderate hemophilia. Hemarthroses due to bleeding in the joint (80%) and hematomas due to intramuscular bleeding (20%) cause joint degeneration and muscle atrophy. Recurrent hemarthroses occur when there is not enough clotting factor in the setting, often before the previous hemarthrosis has resolved. This creates a vicious cycle of bleeding-inflammation-rebleeding known as the "target joint". The resulting vicious circle causes permanent damage to bone and cartilage structures and causes "arthropathy". The knee is the joint region where hemarthrosis and arthropathy are most common, followed by the elbow and ankle joints. Since these joints in the musculoskeletal system contain more synovial tissue than the others, they are more exposed to trauma and load and are injured. As a result of all these, pain, joint limitations and muscle strength losses occur. All these clinical findings lead to a decrease in functional independence in activities of daily living with the restriction of physical activity in patients.

In the literature, there are questionnaires and measurement methods in which many functional evaluations are made for hemophilia patients. However, most of them have not been validated and reliable in Turkish. For this purpose, our study aimed to establish the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Pediatric Haemophilia Activities List (PedHALshort) questionnaire.
Diabetes mellitus refers to disorders in which the body has trouble controlling its blood glucose levels. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which is being studied in this trial, is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's own immune system attacks and destroys the cells that make insulin. These cells are called beta cells. As beta cells are destroyed, less insulin can be made. This causes blood sugar levels to increase above normal and can cause life-threatening hypo- and hyper-glycemic reactions. For this reason, people with type 1 diabetes must take insulin to help control their blood sugar levels. Over time, poorly controlled diabetes can lead to a variety of serious health conditions, including heart disease, stroke, blindness, amputations, kidney disease, and nerve damage. Insulin is the primary method of controlling diabetes by regulating blood glucose levels, but it may not reverse or prevent disease progression. The active ingredient in PROCHYMAL® is adult human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs have been shown to interact with the immune cells in the body, reducing inflammation and assisting in tissue repair. This study will help determine whether MSCs can protect normal pancreatic tissue from autoimmune attack and repair damaged pancreatic tissue, leading to an increase in insulin production and decrease in circulating blood glucose. The characteristics and biologic activity of PROCHYMAL®, along with a good safety profile in human trials to date, suggest that PROCHYMAL® may be a good candidate for addressing Type 1 Diabetes.
Participants received epoetin alfa administered intravenously three times a week during hemodialysis for 37 weeks. For the first two weeks the dose of epoetin alfa was based on the dose at the time of screening. Beginning at week 3 dose decreases were permitted every 2 weeks and beginning at week 5 dose increases could only occur ≥ 4 weeks from the last dose increase, according to the United States package insert (USPI) dosing algorithm which includes four categories of hemoglobin levels.
Pembrolizumab 200 mg (flat dose) will be administered as a 30 minute IV infusion every 21 days for 3 cycles. Patients will receive 1 cycle of pembolizumab prior to SABR followed by an additional 2 cycles of pembrolizumab (1 cycle is 21 days). Patients will undergo nephrectomy 9-12 weeks after commencement of treatment.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) without analgesia or sedation can be unpleasant for patients, resulting in unsatisfactory examinations. Prior familiarization videos (FVs) and intra-procedural Entonox inhalation have shown inconsistent effects. This study investigated their effects on undesirable participant factors (anxiety, stress, discomfort, pain, satisfaction, later unpleasant recall of procedure, and vasovagal reactions) and clinical effectiveness (extent of bowel seen, lesions detected, and procedural/recovery times).
METHODS: This cluster-randomized single-center study evaluated 138 participants undergoing FS. There were 46 controls, 49 given access to FV, and 43 access to both FV and self-administered Entonox. Participant factors were measured by self-administered questionnaires, independent nurse assessments, and heart rate variability (HRV) metrics.
RESULTS: Questionnaires showed that the FV group was slightly more tense and upset before FS, but knowledge of Entonox availability reduced anxiety. Nonlinear HRV metrics confirmed reduced intra-procedural stress response in the FV/Entonox group compared with controls and FV alone (P < 0.05). Entonox availability allowed more bowel to be examined (P < 0.001) but increased procedure time (P < 0.05), while FV alone had no effect. FV/Entonox participants reported 1 month after FS less discomfort during the procedure. Other comparisons showed no significant differences between treatment groups, although one HRV metric showed some potential to predict vasovagal reactions.
CONCLUSIONS: Entonox availability significantly improved clinical effectiveness and caused a slight reduction in undesirable participant factors. The FV alone did not reduce undesirable participant factors or improve clinical effectiveness. Nonlinear HRV metrics recorded effects in agreement with stress reduction and may be useful for prediction of vasovagal events in future studies.
The invention relates to a Chinese medicine preparation for treating aplastic anemia. The preparation is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of sanguisorba, 10 parts of fleece-flower root, 10 parts of antler gum, 10 parts of radix pseudostellariae, 12 parts of ophiopogon root, 12 parts of asparagus, 12 parts of yam, 12 parts of cortex moutan, 12 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 12 parts of cortex eucommiae, 15 parts of glossy privet fruit, 15 parts of yerbadetajo herba ecliptae, 15 parts of cimicifuga foetida, 15 parts of orange peel, 15 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, and 15 parts of dyers woad leaf. The preparation comprises all clinically accepted preparation types suitable for oral administration, preferably pills, powders, tablets, oral liquids and capsules prepared by the traditional preparation process or the modern preparation process. The selected drugs have the efficiency on preserving yin to nourish blood, nourishing the kidney and the liver, removing pathogenic heat from blood and promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis by functioning together. The preparation has good effect on aplastic anemia caused by various reasons. Proved by clinic application, the invention has the advantages of obvious curative effect, no toxic or side effect, good tolerance property, and no recurrence after recovery.
Individuals randomised to this arm will meet weekly for 8 weeks for 1 hour and engage in various potentially rewarding and meaningful social activities such as board games, crafting, and puzzles. Participants in this group will not receive specific training on activity scheduling or overcoming barriers to activity participation. Rather the aim is that participants gain experience of positive reinforcement from the activities and that this explicitly or implicitly challenges potentially negative predictions about such situations and encourages generalised increases in positive activity beyond the group setting. The group will cover activities such as board games, t-shirt making, puzzles, painting, "pub quizzes", figurine painting, origami/paper-craft, and clay sculptures.
BACKGROUND: Toripalimab, combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin, has been approved as the first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC), representing a significant milestone as the first FDA-approved innovative therapy for this condition. Despite this achievement, there's a lack of data on the cost-effectiveness of toripalimab for RM-NPC patients in the American context.
METHODS: To assess the cost-effectiveness of toripalimab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone, a 3-state partitioned survival model was constructed. The study involved participants with characteristics matching those in the JUPITER-02 trial. Cost and utility inputs were collected from literature. Main outcomes measured were quality-adjusted life year (QALY), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, and scenario analyses were conducted to verify the robustness of results.
RESULTS: The study found that the toripalimab regimen resulted in 4.390 QALYs at a cost of $361,813, while the chemotherapy-only regimen yielded 1.685 QALYs at a cost of $161,632. This translates to an ICER of $74,004/QALY, below the willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000/QALY. Sensitivity analyses indicated that utility values, discount rate, and the price of toripalimab significantly impact INMB. With an 87.10% probability of being cost-effective at a $150,000/QALY threshold, the probabilistic sensitivity analysis supports toripalimab plus chemotherapy as a viable option. Scenario analysis showed that toripalimab remains cost-effective unless its price increases by 125%. Additionally, a simulated 15-year study period increases the ICER to $88,026/QALY. Subgroup analysis revealed ICERs of $76,538/QALY for PD-L1 positive and $70,158/QALY for PD-L1 negative groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Toripalimab in combination with chemotherapy is likely to be a cost-effective alternative to standard chemotherapy for American patients with RM-NPC. This evidence can guide clinical and reimbursement decision-making in treating RM-NPC patients.
BACKGROUND: Hospital-associated infection (HAI) is an important issue in intensive care units (ICUs). We still lack direct evidence on whether the ICU patients and/or the medical system can benefit from single isolated laminar-air-flow (LAF) wards.
METHODS: High-touched-surface (HTS) swabs from 5 sites in two kinds of wards with different ventilation systems were longitudinally collected for 16 S rRNA sequencing and Type IIB restriction site-associated DNA sequencing for Microbiome (2bRAD-M). Samples were collected for 3 months. The clinical data of patients admitted to different wards during the sampling time and the whole year were collected and compared.
RESULTS: The α-diversity of single wards with isolated LAF was significantly higher than open regions without LAF (p<0.01). β-diversity analysis showed differences between different wards and similarities among the same region. We also identified 3 genera attributed to the most difference between the two kinds of wards. 2bRAD-M analysis further revealed community divergence among different HTS sites. There was an overlap between HTS microbiome profiling and the clinically cultivated pathogens of patients with HAI. People in single wards had a better outcome than those in open regions (p<0.05), indicating that single wards had a protective effect for critically ill patients.
CONCLUSION: Overall, there was a prominent difference in the microbiome community between single wards and open regions. Single wards had more balanced communities which may lead to better outcomes for patients. For critically ill patients, single ward is recommended when arranging and constructing.
Eligible patients will receive a continuous infusion of dexmiditomidine starting with 0.5 μg/kg/h. The doses will be adjusted according to the sedation satisfaction (sedation target is to achieve NIV-intolerance score 1-2), and the maximum dose is 1 μg/kg/h.