anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Theories of bilingual language production predict that bilinguals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) should exhibit one of two decline patterns. Either parallel decline of both languages (if decline reflects damage to semantic representations that are accessed by both languages), or asymmetrical decline, with greater decline of the nondominant language (if decline reflects reduced ability to resolve competition from the dominant language with disease progression). Only two previous studies examined decline longitudinally with one showing parallel, and the other asymmetrical, decline. We examined decline over 2-7 years (3.9 on average) in Spanish-English bilinguals (N = 23). Logistic regression revealed a parallel decline pattern at one year from baseline, but an asymmetrical decline pattern over the longer decline period, with greater decline of the nondominant language (when calculating predicted probabilities of a correct response). The asymmetrical decline pattern was significantly greater for the nondominant language only when including item-difficulty in the model. Exploratory analyses across dominance groups looking at proportional decline relative to initial naming accuracy further suggested that decline of the nondominant language may be more precipitous if that language was acquired later in life, but the critical interaction needed to support this possibility was not statistically significant in a logistic regression analysis. These results suggest that accessibility of the nondominant language may initially be more resilient in early versus more advanced AD, and that AD affects shared semantic representations before executive control declines to a point where the ability to name pictures in single-language testing block is disrupted. Additional work is needed to determine if asymmetrical decline patterns are magnified by late age of acquisition of the nondominant language, and if more subtle impairments to executive control underlie impairments to language switching that occur in the earliest stages of AD (even preclinically).
BACKGROUND: No significant difference in disease-specific survival and recurrence-free survival exists between papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients with high-risk features subjected to lobectomy and thyroidectomy. However, it is unclear which type of patients with unilateral PTC combined with ipsilateral clinical involved lymph nodes (cN1) can receive a less aggressive treatment.
METHODS: We collected the medical records of 631 patients diagnosed with unilateral PTC and ipsilateral cN1. These patients initially underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral central lymph node dissection (LND), with or without lateral LND. We conducted an analysis to investigate the associations between contralateral occult central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and clinicopathologic factors.
RESULTS: The proportion of contralateral occult CLNM was 38.9 %. Age ≤45 years, tumor diameter >1 cm, obesity, and involvement of lymph node regions ≥2 were independent risk factors for contralateral occult CLNM. Multifocality and ipsilateral neck high-volume lymph node metastases were independent risk factors among the postoperative pathological factors. A predicting model was developed to quantify the risk of each factor, which revealed that patients without any of the risk factors mentioned above had a 20-30 % probability of contralateral occult CLNM, whereas the probability was greater than 60 % when all factors were present.
CONCLUSION: Based on the predictive nomograms, we proposed a risk stratification scheme based on different nomogram scores. In the debate about prophylactic central LND among contralateral central lymph node in unilateral PTC with ipsilateral clinical LNM, our nomograms provide the balance to avoid overtreatment and undertreatment through personal risk assessment.
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) has been reported in patients taking NSAIDs such as TOLECTIN sodium tablets. Some of these events have been fatal or life-threatening. DRESS typically, although not   
exclusively, presents with fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, and/or facial swelling. Other clinical manifestations may include hepatitis, nephritis, hematological abnormalities, myocarditis, or myositis. Sometimes symptoms of DRESS may resemble an acute viral infection. Eosinophilia is often present. Because this disorder is variable in its presentation, other organ systems not noted here may be involved. It is important to note that early manifestations of hypersensitivity, such as fever or lymphadenopathy, may be present even though rash is not evident. If such signs or symptoms are present, discontinue TOLECTIN and evaluate the patient immediately.
Cosmetic slimming composition (A) containing as active ingredient at least one inhibitor (I) of metalloprotease 2 and/or 9, is new. ACTIVITY : Anorectic. MECHANISM OF ACTION : Matrix metalloprotease (2) inhibitor; Matrix metalloprotease (9) inhibitor. Matrix metalloprotease (MMP) 2 and 9, present in the supernatant of a 5 day culture of preadipocytes, were separated on an electrophoretic gel; renatured then incubated for 16 hours at 37 [deg]C in pH 8.5 buffer containing either no extract of Baccharis genistelloides or 0.5 % of such an extract. The gels were then stained with Coomassie Blue and gelatinase activity visualized by the regions of lysis in the gel. In presence of the extract, MMP9 activity was reduced to 70 % of the control value and activity of MMP2 was reduced to 77 %.
An excipient for tableting of powder mixtures, e.g. pharmaceutical powder mixtures comprises particles of an inert solid material, said particles being of average particle size in the range from 50-1,000 mu m in diameter and having surface pores of at least 10  mu m in diameter. Preferred excipients comprising dendritic spherulites of sugars e.g. fructose, mannitol or lactose, are prepared by crystallization of sugars under conditions of high crystallization pressure; for instance on addition of crystallizing agents, e.g. ethanol, and/or seeding materials to saturated sugar solutions. The excipients are mixed with finely divided active ingredients e.g. micronized drug particles, and tableted to produce tableted products. The new excipients are suitable for use in direct compression tableting techniques and advantageously diminish problems of excipient/active ingredient segregation during handling of the excipient/active ingredient mixtures.
Patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer undergoing a firstline therapy with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine will be asked to fill in an EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire and an additional questionnaire on worries about quality of life impairments every 4 weeks. No further intervention.
Medicinal compositions containing EPO which are efficacious in treating protozoan diseases; a method of treating protozoan diseases by administering EPO to patients with protozoan diseases; and utilization of EPO in producing remedies for protozoan diseases; are disclosed. Although several drugs have been used in treating protozoan diseases, these drugs exert relatively serious side effects. In particular, pentamidine, which is considered as efficacious against protozoan diseases, sometimes induces severe hypotension, hypoglycemia and irregular pulse. In patients with renal and hepatic disorders, these drugs are liable to worsen the renal and hepatic disorders and exhibit side effects. It is also feared that these drugs might worsen the conditions of patients with hypotension or hypertension and patients with hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Thus, it is intended to provide remedies for protozoan diseases showing no or little side effects as described above.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To exhibit long-term anti-thrombotic property besides simplicity and versatility by containing at least an ionic complex of at least specific several kinds of mucopolysaccharides and the like and fourth class phosphonium and an inorganic antibacterial agent as an essential component. SOLUTION: An anti-thrombotic composition with antibacterial property given is formed by containing fat soluble mucopolysaccharide and the like composed of an ionic complex of at least a single kind of mucopolysaccharide and the like and fourth class phosphonium and an inorganic antibacterial agent as an essential component. As the mucopolysaccharide and the like, heparin or heparin metallic salt has particularly excellent anti-thrombogenic capacity. The fourth class phosphonium has a structure of a formula (R<1> , R<2> and R<3> show an alkyl group having the carbon number of 1 to 12 or an aryl group having the carbon number of 6 to 12 or an aralkyl group having the carbon number of 7 to 20, and R<4> shows an alkyl group having the carbon number of 1 to 25). In this, only a single kind may be used, or several kinds may be used at the same time.  For example, an antibacterial agent and antibacterial glass or the like using metal such as silver, copper and zinc as an effective component, can be used as the inorganic antibacterial agent.
BACKGROUND: Rechallenge therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is known to confer some clinical benefit for patients with metastatic EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, little is known about the efficacy of EGFR-TKI rechallenge after resistance to first-line (1L) osimertinib. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of EGFR-TKI rechallenge therapy after resistance to 1L osimertinib in a Japanese clinical setting.
METHODS: Between April 2018 and August 2022, 26 patients who progressed after treatment with 1L osimertinib and received EGFR-TKI rechallenge were included in this multicenter retrospective analysis. Patients in whom 1L osimertinib was discontinued owing to toxicity and had subsequent disease progression were also included in the analysis.
RESULTS: Overall, the objective response rate for rechallenge therapy was 23.1%. The disease control rate was 53.9%, and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.4 months. Patients who discontinued 1L osimertinib for toxicity had a higher response rate (42.9% vs. 15.8%) and longer PFS than those who discontinued it due to disease progression (median: 11.4 vs. 2.7 months, P = 0.001). Three patients (11.5%) developed rechallenge therapy-associated pneumonitis, two of which were grade ≥3.
CONCLUSIONS: Rechallenge with EGFR-TKI after 1L osimertinib resistance showed limited clinical efficacy. However, it could be considered as a subsequent salvage therapeutic option for patients in whom 1L osimertinib was discontinued owing to toxicity.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the correlation between SIRI and the probability of cardiovascular mortality as well as all-cause mortality in individuals with chronic kidney disease.
METHODS: A cohort of 3,262 participants from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database were included in the study. We categorized participants into five groups based on the stage of chronic kidney disease. A weighted Cox regression model was applied to assess the relationship between SIRI and mortality. Subgroup analyses, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and ROC curves were conducted. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to elucidate the detailed association between SIRI and hazard ratio (HR).
RESULTS: This study included a cohort of 3,262 individuals, of whom 1,535 were male (weighted proportion: 42%), and 2,216 were aged 60 or above (weighted proportion: 59%). Following adjustments for covariates like age, sex, race, and education, elevated SIRI remained a significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality (HR=2.50, 95%CI: 1.62-3.84, p<0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR=3.02, 95%CI: 2.03-4.51, p<0.001) in CKD patients. The restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between SIRI and cardiovascular mortality, with SIRI>1.2 identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients.
CONCLUSION: Heightened SIRI independently poses a risk for both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease patients, with potentially heightened significance in the early stages (Stage I to Stage III) of chronic kidney disease.
Cystone will be used in proven cystine and calcium stone forming adults who are not pregnant. Subjects must have a measurable stone by CT. The first phase is a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled cross-over of Cystone and placebo for 6 weeks each separated by a 1 week washout. Entry, 6 and 12 week 24 hour urine supersaturations or cystine, pH and sodium determinations will be collected. Then all patients enter an open label phase of 46 weeks, ensuring a 52-week total exposure to Cystone during the 59 week study. Baseline and 1 year stone quantification CT scans will be performed. End points will be changes in urine chemistry/supersaturation and stone burden. Stone burden was measured by CT, quantitatively for stone density and volume. All CT images were also reviewed in a blinded fashion by a radiologist to score each kidney as increased, no change or decreased stone burden.

Statistics and Randomization: Randomization was accomplished using a table provided by the department of statistics to the study coordinator who was blinded as to whether the patients received placebo or Cystone®. Biochemical and supersaturation results were analyzed via a matched pair analysis using the JMP software package (SAS Instituted, Inc.); P values \< 0.05 were deemed significant.
PURPOSE:To obtain a spherical inorg. oxide which increases the mechanical strength and surface hardness of a composite material and provides high surface lubricity when used as a reinforcing material for the composite material, by using silica and an oxide of a IV group metal capable of bonding to silica as principal constituents. CONSTITUTION:Silica and an oxide of a IV group metal capable of bonding to silica such as TiO2 or GeO2 are used as principal constituents to obtain a spherical inorg. oxide contg. <=20mol/ said metallic oxide and having >=100m<2>/g specific surface area, 0.1-1.0mum particle size and <=1.30 standard deviation value. A mixed soln. contg. a hydrolyzable organosilicon compound and a hydrolyzable org. compound of a IV group metal is added to an alkaline solvent which dissolves both compounds and does not dissolve the resulting reaction product, and hydrolysis is carried out to deposit the reaction product. Thus, said inorg. oxide is manufactured.
The decision to start ustekinumab was at the discretion of the treating physician. The initial intravenous (IV) infusion with ustekinumab at baseline was weight-adjusted (260 mg ≤55 kg, 390 mg between 55 and 85 kg, 520 mg ≥85 kg). According to the label, the first subcutaneous (SC) 90 mg induction dose was administered at week 8 followed by a maintenance dose of 90 mg SC every 8 or 12 weeks, at the discretion of the physician.
Product will be used twice daily- once in the morning and once in the evening for 8 weeks. Each application will consist of 1-2 pumps (size of quarter) onto the face and neck, until fully absorbed.
When protriptyline is given with anticholinergic agents or sympathomimetic drugs, including epinephrine combined with local anesthetics, close supervision and careful adjustment of dosages are required.

Hyperpyrexia has been reported when tricyclic antidepressants are administered with anticholinergic agents or with neuroleptic drugs, particularly during hot weather.

Cimetidine is reported to reduce hepatic metabolism of certain tricyclic antidepressants, thereby delaying elimination and increasing steady-state concentrations of these drugs. Clinically significant effects have been reported with the tricyclic antidepressants when used concomitantly with cimetidine. Increases in plasma levels of tricyclic antidepressants, and in the frequency and severity of side-effects, particularly anticholinergic, have been reported when cimetidine was added to the drug regimen. Discontinuation of cimetidine in well-controlled patients receiving tricyclic antidepressants and cimetidine may decrease the plasma levels and efficacy of the antidepressants.

Tricyclic antidepressants may enhance the seizure risk in patients taking ULTRAM (tramadol hydrochloride).

Protriptyline may enhance the response to alcohol and the effects of barbiturates and other CNS depressants.
COMBOGESIC IV contains acetaminophen and ibuprofen as active drug substances.

Acetaminophen is a non-opiate, non-salicylate analgesic. The precise mechanism of the analgesic properties of acetaminophen is not established but is thought to primarily involve central actions. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Its mechanism of action for analgesia, like that of other NSAIDs, is not completely understood, but involves inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2).

Ibuprofen is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro. Prostaglandins sensitize afferent nerves and potentiate the action of bradykinin in inducing pain in animal models. Prostaglandins are mediators of inflammation. Because ibuprofen is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, its mode of action may be due to a decrease of prostaglandins in peripheral tissues.
Breastfeeding has immunologic, nutritional, and neurodevelopmental benefits for premature infants. Follow-up of premature infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for observation and treatment due to immature gestational age, organ or system diseases, and inadequate oral sucking power cause physical and psychological separation of mother and infant, and this is an essential factor leading to breastfeeding failure. Despite the abundant evidence in the literature for the benefits of breast milk and especially colostrum for premature infants, breastfeeding and lactation rates are still very low in this vulnerable population due to poor sucking/swallowing/respiratory coordination.

Although the development of oral feeding skills in premature infants is a challenge for health professionals and parents, oral feeding skills are one of the critical indicators for the discharge of premature infants. Although motor activities such as sucking, swallowing, and breathing are known to be present in the prenatal period, it is not known precisely when this coordination is achieved at the earliest after birth. Approximately 40% of premature infants have difficulty transitioning from enteral to oral feeding. A systematic review showed that premature infants experience problems with oral feeding in the first four years of life, with a prevalence of 42%. Physiological intervention methods that support the transition of premature infants to oral feeding include non-nutritive sucking, oral-motor stimulation, and oral care with colostrum or breast milk. Oropharyngeal colostrum administration is an intervention method reported to activate the digestive hormones of minimal enteral feeding, encourage feeding, accelerate the maturation of the gastrointestinal system, and shorten the transition to full oral feeding with positive stimulation. When the literature is examined, it is reported that premature infants fed with colostrum from the NICU also have increased breastfeeding continuity after discharge. The most crucial difference between our study and the studies available in the literature is related to how oropharyngeal administered colostrum affects the infant's early feeding cues (coordination of sucking-swallowing and respiration during feeding) and how much it accelerates/shortens the transition to oral feeding. In the literature, no study is similar to our study examining how oropharyngeal colostrum administration affects this process in the transition to full oral feeding using a measurement tool on the subject.
Risk Summary

The use of KRINTAFEL during pregnancy may cause hemolytic anemia in a fetus who is G6PD deficient. Treatment with KRINTAFEL during pregnancy is not recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Available data with use of KRINTAFEL in pregnant women are insufficient to establish a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. In animal studies, there were increased abortions, with and without maternal toxicity, when KRINTAFEL was given orally to pregnant rabbits at and above doses equivalent to about 0.4 times the clinical exposure based on body surface area comparisons. No fetotoxicity was observed at doses equivalent to the clinical exposure (based on body surface area comparisons) in a similar study in rats.

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

Clinical Considerations

Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk: Malaria during pregnancy increases the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including maternal anemia, prematurity, spontaneous abortion, and stillbirth.

Data

Animal Data: Tafenoquine resulted in dose-related abortions when given orally to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis (Gestation Days 6 to 18) at doses of 7 mg/kg (about 0.4 times the clinical exposure based on body surface area comparisons) and above. Doses higher than 7 mg/kg were also associated with maternal toxicity (mortality and reduced body weight gain). In a similar study in rats, doses of 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day resulted in maternal toxicity (enlarged spleen, reduced body weight, and reduced food intake) but no fetotoxicity at the high dose (equivalent to the clinical exposure based on body surface area comparisons). There was no evidence of malformations in either species. In a pre- and postnatal development study in rats, tafenoquine administered throughout pregnancy and lactation produced maternal toxicity and a reversible decrease in offspring body weight gain and decrease in motor activity at 18 mg/kg/day, which is equivalent to about 0.6 times the clinical dose based on body surface area comparisons.
Patients in the MTD treatment group will dose escalate weekly by 60µg b.i.d. until they reach the maximum dose of 600µg b.i.d. or they reach an intolerable dose which requires them to down-titrate by 60µg b.i.d. In these instances and at the Investigator's discretion, further attempts at dose escalation may be made.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composition and a method for using embryonic-like stem cells that originate from a post-partum placenta with cord blood compositions or other stem or progenitor cells.  <P>SOLUTION: The embryonic-like stem cells can be used alone or in a mixture with other stem cell populations. The embryonic-like stem cells may be mixed with other stem cell populations including umbilical cord blood, fetal and neonatal hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells, human stem cells and progenitor cells derived from bone marrow. The embryonic-like stem cells and the mixed populations of embryonic-like stem cells and stem cells have a multitude of uses and applications, including e.g. therapeutic uses for transplantation and treatment and prevention of disease, and diagnostic and research uses.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
The invention concerns an injectable galenic formulation for use in a diagnosis or a photodynamic therapy and the method for preparing same. The formulation contains: a compound of general formula (I), wherein: R¿2? represents a H, OH or COOR¿4? group, where R¿4? is a hydrogen or an C¿1?-C¿12? alkyl or a C¿3?-C¿12? cycloalkyl; R¿3? represents H, OH or a C¿1?-C¿12? alkyl or alkoxy; and * represents an asymmetric carbon in the form of an alkali metal salt in an amount not exceeding 10 mg/ml, as photosensitizing agent, and a carrier in aqueous phase containing at least a benzyl alcohol-ethanol mixture or propylene glycol as solubilizing agent for the photosensitizing agent and a surfactant in an amount not exceeding 20 wt. % relative to the total weight of the formulation.