anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE:To obtain the subject composition useful for temporary hair dyeing, comprising a colorant, resin and solvent, causing no discoloration or color fading even after preserved for a long period in such a state as to be packed in a container fitted with a coating tip. CONSTITUTION:This composition comprises 1-5wt.% of a colorant composed of carbon black, a red pigment and a yellow pigment, 0.5-5wt.% of a resin (e.g. polyvinyl butyral) and a solvent (e.g. ethyl alcohol and/or isopropyl alcohol), and as necessary, is incorporated with another resin (e.g. rosin), coatability modifier (e.g. a higher fatty acid alkanolamide), drying solidification inhibitor (e.g. sucrose ester), etc. This composition is good in pigment dispersibility, not causing the following phenomena: either of the three kinds of pigments is sedimented precedingly to the others, thus resulting in discoloration; the pigments are sedimented, thus resulting in caking; pigment dispersion is not recovered even if the container is shaken; and the liquid is spilled out of the coating tip in a color-faded state.
The use of antithrombotic agents is increasing in infants, children and adolescents. The more recent routine inclusion of children in FDA-monitored clinical trials has propelled the rapid accumulation of safety and efficacy data on these agents in pediatric patients. Antithrombotic agents in current use include indirect or antithrombin-dependent anticoagulants, intravenous direct thrombin inhibitors, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) targeting thrombin or factor Xa, antiplatelet agents and thrombolytic therapies. Each class of antithrombotic agent has distinct mechanisms of action, clearance routes, half-lives, safety and dosing. Anticoagulant efficacy is dependent upon the specific clinical indication and stability of the pediatric patient. Duration of anticoagulant course is also dependent upon the clinical indication as well as rate of thrombus resolution. This manuscript reviews the mechanism of action, route of administration, route of clearance and plasma half-life for the antithrombotic agents in current use in children. Use of anticoagulation in the context of thrombolytic therapy is discussed.
PURPOSE:To obtain a milk fraction useful as a medicine for enhancing oxidation resistance, having radical scavenger activity or a medicine for suppressing inflammation of skin caused by superoxide. CONSTITUTION:A milk fraction contains <5%(wt.) of a saccharide component, has 1,700+ or -500 Dalton molecular weight measured by gel filtration method and radical scavenger activity. A medicine contains the milk fraction as an active ingredient. The milk fraction is produced by de-fatting mammalian milk, ultrafiltering the de-fatted milk to collect a fraction having <=10,000 Dalton molecular weight, purifying the collection fraction by a purifying means such as column chromatography or high performance chromatography to collect a fraction having 1,700+ or -500 Dalton molecular weight. Since a large amount of the milk fraction can be prepared from a low-molecular weight fraction which has not been much utilized, this production has merits of effectively using resources.
Inherited mutations of the TSC1 or TSC2 gene cause tuberous sclerosis while acquired (somatic) mutations of either gene are associated with sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Renal angiomyolipomas are a feature of both disorders. TSC1 and TSC2 regulate signalling through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Inhibition of mTOR may result in a decrease in size of TSC 1/2 assciated lesions. We are treating patients with tuberous sclerosis or sporadic LAM with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin in a non-randomised, open label pilot study of safety and efficacy. Change in size of renal angiomyolipomas is the primary end point
PURPOSE:To obtain an intraocular depressing agent containing a specific 15-keto- prostaglandin as active ingredient, useful as a remedy for glaucoma being free from side effects such as afflux, closure of eye and flowing of tears or reduced in side effects. CONSTITUTION:The aimed intraocular pressure depressing agent containing 15-keto-prostaglandins (hereinafter referred to as 15-keto-20-substituted PGs) as active ingredients. Intraocular pressure depressing action of 15-keto-20- substituted-PGs is especially remarkable in PGs expressed by formula I (A is formula II, etc.; Y is 2-6C hydrocarbon chain; Z is 1-10C aliphatic hydrocarbon, alicyclic hydrocarbon, etc.) and salt thereof or the above-mentioned PGs whose carboxyl groups are esterified. As the esterified substance, especially 1-4C alkyl ester, more especially isopropyl ester is preferably used.
This arm will receive the Kulawa intervention, with a social network-informed intervention (KulawaSN) layered on top. In this arm 50% of eligible women will be paired with an alter to receive the adapted intervention. The social network intervention will involve pairing up young married adolescents and women with someone identified as influential in their social networks and enrolling them in the Kulawa FP programming together.
BACKGROUND: Mortality from breast cancer is principally due to tumor recurrence. Recurrent breast cancers arise from the pool of residual tumor cells, termed minimal residual disease, that survive treatment and may exist in a dormant state for 20 years or more following treatment of the primary tumor. As recurrent breast cancer is typically incurable, understanding the mechanisms underlying dormant tumor cell survival is a critical priority in breast cancer research. The importance of this goal is further underscored by emerging evidence suggesting that targeting dormant residual tumor cells in early-stage breast cancer patients may be a means to prevent tumor recurrence and its associated mortality. In this regard, the role of autophagy in dormant tumor cell survival and recurrence remains unresolved, with conflicting reports of both pro-survival/recurrence-promoting and pro-death/recurrence-suppressing effects of autophagy inhibition in dormant tumor cells. Resolving this question has important clinical implications.
METHODS: We used genetically engineered mouse models that faithfully recapitulate key features of human breast cancer progression, including minimal residual disease, tumor dormancy, and recurrence. We used genetic and pharmacological approaches to inhibit autophagy, including treatment with chloroquine, genetic knockdown of ATG5 or ATG7, or deletion of BECN and determined their effects on dormant tumor cell survival and recurrence.
RESULTS: We demonstrate that the survival and recurrence of dormant mammary tumor cells following therapy is dependent upon autophagy. We find that autophagy is induced in vivo following HER2 downregulation and remains activated in dormant residual tumor cells. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches we show that inhibiting autophagy by chloroquine administration, ATG5 or ATG7 knockdown, or deletion of a single allele of the tumor suppressor Beclin 1 is sufficient to inhibit mammary tumor recurrence, and that autophagy inhibition results in the death of dormant mammary tumor cells in vivo.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate a pro-tumorigenic role for autophagy in tumor dormancy and recurrence following therapy, reveal that dormant tumor cells are uniquely reliant upon autophagy for their survival, and indicate that targeting dormant residual tumor cells by inhibiting autophagy impairs tumor recurrence. These studies identify a pharmacological target for a cellular state that is resistant to commonly used anti-neoplastic agents and suggest autophagy inhibition as an approach to reduce dormant minimal residual disease in order to prevent lethal tumor recurrence.
Behavioral intervention to include lifestyle counseling on selecting a healthy Mediterranean diet, no caloric restriction. Using a priori decision rules at 3.5 and 7 months post-initial randomization, those for whom the diet assigned is not acceptable or is not effective will be re-randomized.
BONIVA, like other bisphosphonates administered orally, may cause local irritation of the upper gastrointestinal mucosa. Because of these possible irritant effects and a potential for worsening of the underlying disease, caution should be used when BONIVA is given to patients with active upper gastrointestinal problems (such as known Barrett's esophagus, dysphagia, other esophageal diseases, gastritis, duodenitis or ulcers).

Esophageal adverse experiences, such as esophagitis, esophageal ulcers and esophageal erosions, occasionally with bleeding and rarely followed by esophageal stricture or perforation, have been reported in patients receiving treatment with oral bisphosphonates. In some cases, these have been severe and required hospitalization. Physicians should therefore be alert to any signs or symptoms signaling a possible esophageal reaction and patients should be instructed to discontinue BONIVA and seek medical attention if they develop dysphagia, odynophagia, retrosternal pain or new or worsening heartburn.

The risk of severe esophageal adverse experiences appears to be greater in patients who lie down after taking oral bisphosphonates and/or who fail to swallow it with the recommended full glass (6-8 oz) of water, and/or who continue to take oral bisphosphonates after developing symptoms suggestive of esophageal irritation. Therefore, it is very important that the full dosing instructions are provided to, and understood by, the patient (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION [2.2]). In patients who cannot comply with dosing instructions due to mental disability, therapy with BONIVA should be used under appropriate supervision.

There have been post-marketing reports of gastric and duodenal ulcers with oral bisphosphonate use, some severe and with complications, although no increased risk was observed in controlled clinical trials.
OBJECTIVE: Sinonasal malignant tumors (SNMT) are relatively rare among head and neck malignant tumors. Most are squamous cell carcinomas, and malignant melanomas, olfactory neuroblastomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, sarcomas, and others also occur. The most common primary site of nasal sinus squamous cell carcinoma is the maxillary sinus. In recent years, a decrease in incidence of maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma (MSSCC) has been reported along with a decrease in the incidence of sinusitis. MSSCC is treated with a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Treatment decisions are made according to the progression of the disease, the patient's general condition, and the patient's own wishes. There are variations in treatment policies among facilities due to the specialty of staff and cooperation with other departments at each facility. We conducted a multi-institutional retrospective study to compare outcomes by treatment strategy.
METHODS: In this study, 340 patients with SNMT who were treated at 13 Hospitals (Head and Neck Oncology Group (Kyoto-HNOG) ) during the 12-year period from January 2006 to December 2017 were included. There were 220 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 32 with malignant melanoma, 21 with olfactory neuroblastoma, and 67 with other malignancies. Of the squamous cell carcinomas, 164 were of maxillary sinus origin. One hundred and forty cases of MSSCC that were treated radically were included in the detailed statistical analysis.
RESULTS: There were 5 cases of cStage I, 9 cases of cStage II, 36 cases of cStage III, 74 cases of cStage IVa, and 16 cases of cStage IVb. There were 92 cases without clinical lymph node metastasis (cN(-)) and 48 cases with clinical lymph node metastasis(cN(+)). Primary tumors were treated mainly by surgery in 85 cases (Surg) and by radical radiation therapy (with or without chemotherapy) of 6-70 Gy in 55 cases(non-Surg). The 5-year overall/disease-free survival rate (OS/DFS) for MSSCC was 65.1%/51.6%. Old age, renal dysfunction, and clinical T progression were independent risk factors for OS, and renal dysfunction was an independent risk factor for DFS. In cN(-) patients, OS and DFS were significantly better in Surg group than in non-Surg group. In cN(+) patients, there was no significant difference in OS and DFS between Surg and non-Surg groups.
CONCLUSION: For patients with MSSCC without lymph node metastasis, aggressive surgery on the primary tumor contributes to improved prognosis.
If diazepam is to be combined with other centrally acting agents, careful consideration should be given to the pharmacology of the agents employed particularly with compounds that may potentiate or be potentiated by the action of diazepam, such as phenothiazines, antipsychotics, anxiolytics/sedatives, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, narcotic analgesics, anesthetics, sedative antihistamines, narcotics, barbiturates, MAO inhibitors and other antidepressants. Centrally Acting Agents   


Concomitant use with alcohol is not recommended due to enhancement of the sedative effect. Alcohol   


Diazepam peak concentrations are 30% lower when antacids are administered concurrently. However, there is no effect on the extent of absorption. The lower peak concentrations appear due to a slower rate of absorption, with the time required to achieve peak concentrations on average 20 - 25 minutes greater in the presence of antacids. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Antacids   


There is a potentially relevant interaction between diazepam and compounds which inhibit certain hepatic enzymes (particularly cytochrome P450 3A and 2C19). Data indicate that these compounds influence the pharmacokinetics of diazepam and may lead to increased and prolonged sedation. At present, this reaction is known to occur with cimetidine, ketoconazole, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, and omeprazole. Compounds Which Inhibit Certain Hepatic Enzymes   


There have also been reports that the metabolic elimination of phenytoin is decreased by diazepam. Phenytoin
Acute HIV-infected subjects (n=14) will be randomly assigned to a group that will receive treatment with telmisartan in addition to ART. Subjects will receive 40mg telmisartan daily for 4 weeks, followed by 80mg telmisartan daily for 44 weeks, to be taken in conjunction with ART. Subjects unable to tolerate 80mg of telmisartan will be able to de-escalate to 40mg daily. After telmisartan is stopped, subjects will continue to take ART for an additional 24 weeks (total 72 weeks).
Participants to brush with a fluoride free toothpaste (0 ppmF). All study treatments contain 5% w/w KNO3.
PURPOSE:To obtain a slowly releasing drug preparation having sufficient slowly releasing property and excellent bio-availability, by coating a core substance containing a drug compound with molten lipidal substance and further coating with single or multiple layers of a polymeric film-forming agent. CONSTITUTION:A core substance having a diameter of 150-2,500mum and produced by forming a drug compound together with an excipient, a binder, etc., is coated with a molten lipidal substance (e.g. palmitic acid or cetyl alcohol) and further coated with single or multiple layers of a polymeric substance. The polymeric substance is a water-insoluble polymeric substance (preferably ethylcellulose) or an enteric polymeric substance (e.g. cellulose acetate phthalate or methyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer). Even a drug having high solubility can be imparted with sufficient slowly releasing property by the above treatment and a sufficient bio-availability can be attained by the single use of the slowly releasing drug preparation.
PURPOSE: Prophylactic drains reported to be useful to treat postoperative bile leakage (POBL) and reduce re-intervention after hepatectomy. However, prophylactic drains should remove in the early postoperative period. This study aimed to assess the association between postoperative complications and the drain-fluid data on postoperative day (POD) 1.
METHODS: Medical records of 530 patients who underwent hepatectomy were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated the drain-fluid data on POD 1, such as bilirubin (BIL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and drain discharge volume. These variables were compared between patients with and without postoperative complications such as POBL and abdominal abscess not due to POBL.
RESULTS: POBL was found in 44 patients (8.3%), PHLF was in 51 patients (9.6%), and abdominal abscess not due to POBL was in 21 patients (4.0%). Regarding POBL, drain-fluid BIL concentration and drain discharge volume was higher in the POBL group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). However, drain-fluid AST, ALT, and ALP concentrations were not different between two groups. As to the abdominal abscess not due to POBL, all drain-fluid data were not significantly different. Multivariate analysis for predicting POBL showed that the drain-fluid BIL concentration ≥ 2.68 mg/dL was an independent predictor (p < 0.001). In the subgroup analyses according to the type of hepatectomy, the drain-fluid BIL concentration was an independent predictor for POBL after both non-anatomical and anatomical hepatectomy.
CONCLUSION: The drain-fluid BIL concentration on POD 1 is useful in predicting POBL after hepatectomy.
BACKGROUND: Cardiac fibrosis is a pathophysiological process that occurs as the end stage of cardiovascular diseases. Irisin is a myokine secreted mainly by skeletal muscle exerting pleiotropic effects. Previous studies found altered irisin levels in patients with cardiovascular diseases and irisin has been shown to preserve cardiac function after ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. This study aimed to explore whether pretreatment with irisin prevents cardiac fibrosis induced in mice through a single injection of the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol at a high dose.
METHODS: The cardiac fibrosis model was obtained through a single intraperitoneal administration of 160 mg/kg isoproterenol [ISO] in young C57BL/6J mice. Before ISO injection, mice were pretreated with irisin 100 μg/kg/week [irisin-ISO] or saline [veh-ISO] for 4 weeks. A third group of mice received saline for 4 weeks without ISO injection [CTRL].
RESULTS: The mice pretreated with irisin recovered faster than vehicle-treated mice after acute ISO stimulation, as measured by behavioral test. Twenty-four hours after ISO treatment, the serum levels of Troponin I were significantly lower in the group of mice pretreated with irisin compared with veh-ISO mice (p = 0.0117). Moreover, the expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (p = 0.0197) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (p = 0.0261) mRNAs in cardiac tissue of veh-ISO mice were 10- and 15-fold higher than CTRL mice, respectively, while pretreatment with irisin maintained their expression at control levels. Interestingly, 7 days after ISO, the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin mRNA was still significantly lower in the irisin-ISO group than in the veh-ISO group (p = 0.0145). Moreover, we found increased cardiac hypertrophy, measured as heart-weight/tibia-length ratio, in veh-ISO mice versus CTRL mice (p = 0.0312) which was fully prevented in irisin-ISO mice (p = 0.0258). The cardiac fibrosis score assessed by Masson's trichrome staining was significantly lower in irisin-ISO mice versus veh-ISO mice (p = 0.0261). Notably, some mitochondrial genes, previously identified as controlled by irisin, were markedly increased in the early phase following ISO, whereas irisin maintained their expression similar to controls.
CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the beneficial effect of irisin in preventing isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
The medical treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) alleviates constipation symptoms due to the restoration of autonomic dysfunction. However, additional laxatives are usually needed in these patients. Other suppository treatments included stool softeners, dopamine-receptor agonists, botulinum toxins, and prokinetic medications such as tegaserod. Biofeedback therapy (BFT) has been the gold standard for functional constipation with dyssynergic defecation or rectal hyposensitivity. However, researchers have not tried to evaluate its usefulness in constipated IPD patients up to now. The aims of our study are to characterize the nature of constipation in IPD and to evaluate the usefulness of BFT in constipated IPD patients.
PURPOSE:A hair cosmetic containing a 1-hydroxy-2-pyridone-based compound and colloidal sulfur, showing synergistic action, having extremely improved effect on prevention of dandruff. CONSTITUTION:A hair cosmetic containing a compound shown by the formula (R1 is alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, arylalkenyl, aryloxyalkyl, benzhydryl, phenylsulfonylalkyl, etc.; R2 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, halogen, phenyl, etc.) or its salt and colloidal sulfur. The use of the compound shown by the formula together with colloidal sulfur makes the dispersion stability of colloidal silica well and shows synergistic effect with respect to prevention of dandruff. The blending ratio of the compound shown by the formula : sulfur is preferably (8:2)-(1:9) by weight, and the total amounts of both the compounds in a cosmetic are 0.1-5wt%, preferably 0.2-3wt%.
Opioids are the most important analgesics for the relief of cancer pain. In addition tolerance and hyperalgesia may ocurr as a consequence of treatment with these drugs. Medications for pain relief may also cause increased pain. NMDA receptor blockers may prevent or reduce the development of hyperalgesia. Methadone is a weak NMDA receptor antagonist and therefore its association could prevent hyperalgesia. The primary endpoint of the study was whether the administration of low dose methadone associated with morphine promotes better analgesic effect in patients with cancer pain, And secondarily to assess whether there is a reduction in the total dose of opioid needed for pain relief, and whether reduction of the opioid-related adverse effects occurs.
The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition and traditional Chinese medicine pills for treating colonic melanosis, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine preparations for treating colonic melanosis. The Chinese medicinal composition is prepared from peach kernel and Chinese angelica root as monarch drugs, rhizoma sparganii, curcuma zedoary, cistanche deserticola, radix glehniae, raw astragalus root and bighead atractylodes rhizome as ministerial drugs, fried radish seed, red hemp and white peony root as adjuvant drugs, and fig as a conductant drug, and has no side effect. Has the characteristics of simple preparation process, low price and obvious curative effect. The whole formula has the effects of activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis, promoting qi circulation to relieve constipation, nourishing yin and nourishing intestines, and remarkably improves the clinical symptoms of patients, such as constipation, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, anorexia and the like. The effective rate for treating the melanosis coli reaches more than 95 percent. Solves the problem that the existing patients with the colonic melanism often take strong irritative medicines such as cathartic and the like during treatment, avoids generating the reliance function on the cathartic, reduces the canceration probability of the colonic melanism and relieves the pain of the patients to a great extent.
The habituation instruction focuses on changes of the initial physical fear-responses during exposure sessions. It is explained that the level of anxiety will gradually decrease, or habituate, each time someone faces a feared situation. Participants are then instructed to observe their own level of fear during the three practice trials with the thermode. Together with the experimenter, participants have to indicate their level of arousal on an 11-point scale (0= neutral, 10 = very high) in-between and after the three practice trials. After the practice trial, participants are instructed to reconsider their own development of physical responses. Participants are encouraged to remember the development of their level of arousal during the test trail with the thermode.