anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) has gained considerable interests since it was approved as a tumor-agnostic biomarker in immunotherapy. However, the reported characteristics of MSI-H gastric cancer (GC) are inconsistent due to the biological complexity. Here, we aim to clarify the prevalence, risk factors, clinicopathological/molecular features and outcomes of MSI-H GC though a comprehensive review on 43246 patients from 134 cohorts. Overall, the proportion of MSI-H GC was 14.5% (95% CI, 13.3%-15.8%). Patients with MSI-H GC were less likely to have Epstein-Barr virus infection. High incidences of MSI-H GC were associated with female, older age, lower gastric body, Lauren intestinal histology, WHO tubular and mucinous subtypes, and early disease stage. Additionally, patients with MSI-H GC harbored more KRAS mutation, PD-L1 positivity, CD8 overexpression, and higher TMB, but less HER2 positivity and TP53 mutation. When treated with conventional strategy, the 5-year survival rates in MSI-H patients (70.3%) and MSI-L/MSS patients (43.7%) were significantly different (p<0.001). Patients with MSI-H GC derived larger benefit from immunotherapy in term of overall survival (pInteraction<0.001) and objective response (pInteraction=0.02). Since the prevalence of MSI-H GC is relatively high and associated with distinct clinicopathological and molecular characteristics, MSI testing should be conducted during standard diagnostical activity. Moreover, giving MSI-H tumors are often diagnosed at early stage and have favorable outcomes, less aggressive treatment strategies may be considered in clinical practice. In summary, this panoramic review may assist in design and/or interpretation of clinical trials, provide references in drug development, and constitute complementary information in drafting the clinical practice guideline.
INTRODUCTION: Antiseizure medication (ASM) add-on to clozapine may be efficient to target clozapine-resistant mood or psychotic symptoms or clozapine-related adverse drug reactions (ADR) such as seizures. We aimed to synthesize the information relevant for clinical practice on the risks and benefits of clozapine-ASM co-prescription.
AREAS COVERED: Articles were identified with MEDLINE, Web of Sciences and PsycINFO search from inception through October 2023. The review was restricted to ASM with mood-stabilizing properties or with potential efficacy for resistant psychotic symptoms (valproate (VPA), lamotrigine, topiramate, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine).
EXPERT OPINION: VPA add-on to clozapine is associated with a high risk of serious ADR (myocarditis, neutropenia, pneumonia) mostly explained by complex time-dependent drug-drug interactions. The initial inhibitory effects on clozapine metabolism require slow titration to avoid immuno-allergic reactions. After the titration period, VPA has mainly inductive effects on clozapine metabolism that are more marked in smokers requiring therapeutic drug monitoring. Lamotrigine and topiramate add-on may be recommended as the first-line treatment for clozapine-related seizures, but there is limited evidence regarding the efficacy of this strategy for clozapine-resistant psychotic symptoms. Carbamazepine should not be co-prescribed with clozapine because of its potential for agranulocytosis and for inducing clozapine metabolism.
The Sound Of Family Together (S.O.F.T.) Music Program was introduced on a 14-bed burn intensive care unit to provide an avenue for communication between adults with major burns and their children. In adherence with unit policies, children under the age of 16 are only allowed onto the unit under very special circumstances, e.g. patient is under DNR status. This restriction may translate into a prolong absence between the patients and their young children; which may result in emotional and psychological stress factors such as separation anxiety, feelings of abandonment, and rejection of the parent when the patient is being discharged to home. Children who participate in the S.O.F.T. Music Program will record and produce an audio CD for their hospitalized parent/grandparent. The contents of the CD might include original songs, poems, and special messages created by the children. Pre and post tests results will determine the efficacy of the program to decrease anxiety levels in the children.
PURPOSE:To obtain an antitussive agent containing no or decreased amount of narcotic active component by using a calcium antagonistic agent as an active component. CONSTITUTION:The objective agent contains a calcium-antagonistic agent such as an N-methyl-N-veratrylamine derivative (e.g. verapamil), a dihydropyridine derivative (e.g. nifedipine) and a piperazine derivative (e.g. flunarizine) as an active component. The agent is optionally used in combination with a central antitussive such as codeine phosphate, dihydrocodeine phosphate, noscapine and dextromethorphan. The antitussive agent has decreased side effects such as narcotic action, respiratory depression, habituation and addiction.
A pharmaceutical intermediate comprises aliskiren base and substrate. The aliskiren base is present as a solid dispersion. Independent claims are included for: (1) preparation of the intermediate containing aliskiren and substrate, comprising dissolving aliskiren base in a solvent or mixture of solvents and contacting the solution with a substrate, removing the solvent or mixture of solvents, and optionally granulating the obtained mixture; (2) a pharmaceutical formulation containing aliskiren base in the form of an intermediate, and optionally pharmaceutical excipient(s); and (3) a tablet containing aliskiren base (50-500 mg) and having hardness of 50-250 N, friability of less than 5% and content uniformity of 95-105%. ACTIVITY : Hypotensive; Cardiant. No biological data given. MECHANISM OF ACTION : None given.
Diagnostic interview (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) cf. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)) with parents. Diagnostic groups/cohorts (e.g., DMDD, ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder) will be based on the diagnoses given cf. K-SADS.
Patients receive gemcitabine IV over 90 minutes on days 1 and 8 of each cycle and docetaxel IV over 60 minutes on day 8 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 2 years of total treatment in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. At the time of disease progression, patients may cross over to arm A. Patients undergo blood sample collection throughout the study. Patients may also undergo tumor biopsy during screening.
PURPOSE:To obtain a pharmaceutical for injection, containing aspoxicillin.trihydrate and a pharmacologically acceptable basic substance, having powerful antimicrobial activity and exhibiting excellent preservation stability. CONSTITUTION:The aimed pharmaceutical for injection obtained by blending 1mol. aspoxicillin.trihydrate with 0.4-1mol., preferably 0.7-0.9mol. basic substance in the respective forms of crystal or powder and preparing the pharmaceutical by a conventional method. The aspoxicillin.trihydrate crystals are prepared by crystallizing, e.g. aspoxicillin or a salt thereof from an aqueous solvent under weak acidic condition of pH 3-6. The aspoxicillin is capable of exhibiting excellent antimicrobial action on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This pharmaceutical for injection can be rapidly dissolved to provide an aspoxicillin solution in a high concentration.
The group game-based activity will be twice a week lasting 12 weeks. There will be many motion sensing games in the group game-based activities. The games designed for activities can provide somatosensory control and visual and auditory feedback.
Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is an important disorder of digestive pathophysiology as it generates chronic diarrhoea. This condition originates from intricate pathways involving bile acid synthesis and metabolism in the liver and gut, the composition of gut microbiota, enterohepatic circulation and key receptors as farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), and the G-protein bile acid receptor-1 (GPBAR-1). Although symptoms can resemble those related to disorders of gut brain interaction, accurate diagnosis of BAM may greatly benefit the patient. The empiric diagnosis of BAM is primarily based on the clinical response to bile acid sequestrants. Specific tests including the 48-hour fecal bile acid test, serum levels of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), and the 75Selenium HomotauroCholic Acid Test (SeHCAT) are not widely available. Nevertheless, lack of diagnostic standardization of BAM may account for poor recognition and delayed management. Beyond bile acid sequestrants, therapeutic approaches include the use of FXR agonists, FGF19 analogues, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and microbiota modulation. These novel agents can best make their foray into the therapeutic armamentarium if BAM does not remain a diagnosis of exclusion. Ignoring BAM as a specific condition may continue to contribute to increased healthcare costs and reduced quality of life. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of BAM.
Study group A will include patients from the medical unit on 6S100 in addition to the Rehab units on 6N400/500. Participants in Study Group A will be receiving mealtime assistance from volunteers via the Eating Matters Program.
A clamp fixing mechanism is used for fixing a clamp. The clamp includes a first clamp portion, a second clamp portion and a shaft portion, and the shaft portion extends along a direction and is connected between the first and second clamp portions. The clamp fixing mechanism includes a first cylinder, a second cylinder, a third cylinder and a fourth cylinder, and each of which extends along the direction. The first cylinder is configured to be adjacent to the shaft portion and an inner surface 
of the first clamp portion. The second cylinder is configured to be adjacent to the shaft portion and an inner surface of the second clamp portion. The third cylinder is configured to be adjacent to an outer surface of the first clamp portion. The fourth cylinder is configured to be adjacent to an outer surface of the second clamp portion. A medicine bottle fixing mechanism including the aforementioned clamp fixing mechanism and an automatic medicine dispensing device including the medicine bottle fixing mechanism are also provided.
INTRODUCTION: A liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, we combine preoperative transient elastography (TE) and intraoperative standardized visual liver score (VLS) which is compared with intraoperative liver biopsy for prediction of NAFLD and NASH in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
AIM: Evaluate the combined diagnostic accuracy of TE and VLS in assessing NAFLD or NASH and compare it with liver biopsy in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
METHODS: In a prospective cohort of 70 morbidly obese undergoing bariatric surgery, preoperative TE and intraoperative VLS were calculated. Findings of TE and VLS were compared with histology from intraoperative liver biopsy.
RESULTS: Histologically, 44 (62.85%) had NAFLD (≥ S1). Significant steatosis was seen in 20 (28.57%) while significant fibrosis was visible in 18 (25.71%). Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) TE for diagnosis of NAFLD was excellent (0.844, p = 0.001). At the optimal cutoff of 8.1, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 92.9%, and diagnostic accuracy was 90.6%. VLS had a sensitivity of 90.9% for NAFLD. The combined sensitivity of TE + VLS was 95.5% for ruling out NAFLD. Fourteen (20%) had NASH. VLS had a diagnostic accuracy of 97% in identifying NASH in comparison to TE. AUROC-VLS was 0.987, p ≤ 0.001, and a sensitivity of 100%. The overall sensitivity of combined TE and VLS was 100% with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%.
CONCLUSION: TE when combined with intraoperative VLS is comparable to liver biopsy and can be used for the diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
BACKGROUND: About 30% to 50% of women with breast cancer undergo mastectomy, and approximately 50% of them will receive adjuvant radiotherapy (ART). This study evaluates the medium- and long-term impact of ART after immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous (LDM) flap and silicone implants.
METHODS: Clinical, surgical, and oncological data were retrospectively collected and analyzed based on the medical records of 176 patients who had undergone IBR with LDM flap and silicone implants.
RESULTS: The data showed that 7.4% of patients had a history of previous radiotherapy, 56.3% received ART, 31.8% developed capsular contracture with a mean follow-up of 58.1 months, and 14.2% of surgeries were categorized as procedures with a prolonged operating time, lasting above 1 SD of the observed mean. Those who experienced prolonged operating time (odds ratio, 4.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.72-12.93; P = 0.003) and those who received ART (odds ratio, 7.38; 95% confidence interval, 3.18-17.10; P < 0.001) were more likely to develop capsular contracture. Thirty-two patients (18%) underwent capsulectomy with implant replacement, and 7 patients (4%) had the implant removed. The mean time between IBR and reoperation was 29.1 months. Patients who received ART were 2.84 times more likely to experience reconstruction failure or undergo implant-related reoperation ( P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that IBR with LDM flap and silicone implant followed by ART is a safe procedure, resulting in low rates of reconstruction failure. However, ART increased the likelihood of capsular contracture development and implant-related reoperation, having a negative effect on reconstructed breasts.
Pyridostigmine Bromide Extended-release Tablets each contain 180 mg pyridostigmine bromide. This form provides uniformly slow release, hence prolonged duration of drug action; it facilitates control of myasthenic symptoms with fewer individual doses daily. The immediate effect of a 180 mg Pyridostigmine Bromide Extended-release Tablet is about equal to that of a 60 mg Pyridostigmine Bromide Tablet; however, its duration of effectiveness, although varying in individual patients, averages 2½ times that of a 60 mg dose.

Dosage

The size and frequency of the dosage must be adjusted to the needs of the individual patient.

One to three 180 mg tablets, once or twice daily, will usually be sufficient to control symptoms; however, the needs of certain individuals may vary markedly from this average. The interval between doses should be at least 6 hours. For optimum control, it may be necessary to use the more rapidly acting regular tablets or oral solution in conjunction with extended-release tablets therapy.

NOTE: For information on a diagnostic test for myasthenia gravis, and for the evaluation and stabilization of therapy, please see product literature on Tensilon (edrophonium chloride).
Bardoxolone methyl will be administered orally once daily at 10 mg until it becomes commercially available. Dose de-escalation (down to 5 mg) is permitted during the study, if indicated clinically.
The invention relates to an aqueous dental single-component primer composition as well as a kit with this primer composition and a composite. The primer composition according to the present invention is self-etching and self-undercoating. It comprises a polymerizable (meth)acrylate or (meth)acrylamide monomer with (i) at least one acidic group such as for example a phosphoric acid group and with (ii) at least one hydrophilic group such as for example a terminal hydroxy group or two polymerizable (meth)acrylate or (meth)acrylamide monomers, wherein one thereof comprises (i) at least one acidic group and one thereof comprises (ii) at least one hydrophilic group. In addition, at least one of the polymerizable (meth)acrylate or methylacrylamide monomers comprises (i) a polyfunctionality, preferably an at least threefold polyfunctionality, particularly preferably a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9- or 10-fold polyfunctionality and/or (ii), or a further polymerizable (meth)acrylate or methylacrylamide monomer (iii) with a polyfunctionality, preferably an at least three-fold polyfunctionality, particularly preferably a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9- or 10-fold polyfunctionality is contained. This polyfunctionality inheres in the capability to polymerize. In particularly, at least three, preferably terminal, (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide and/or allyl groups are present. Furthermore, this primer composition is characterized by the absence of a photoinitiator, a polymerization catalyst, in particularly a polymerization catalyst on the basis of vanadium as well as by the absence of an organic solvent.
Peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis remain major challenges to the long-term maintenance of peritoneal dialysis. Pemafibrate, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) modulator, has been implicated in the management of fibrosis-related disorders. We investigated whether pemafibrate ameliorates peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis and explored the underlying mechanisms in mice with methylglyoxal (MGO)-induced peritoneal fibrosis (MGO mice). MGO mice exhibited peritoneal fibrosis with increased expression of mesenchymal markers, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and substantial deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Additionally, MGO mice exhibited peritoneal inflammation as indicated by elevated tumor necrosis factor-α expression and macrophage infiltration in peritoneal tissue. These effects were mitigated by pemafibrate treatment, which also restored peritoneal membrane function. Furthermore, pemafibrate promoted anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization in both mice and THP-1 cells. In human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), pemafibrate effectively inhibited interferon-γ-induced production of TGF-β1 and ECM while suppressing the proinflammatory cytokines nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein 1. The NF-κB inhibitory effect of pemafibrate involved stabilization of the NF-κB inhibitory protein IkBα. Notably, pemafibrate hindered activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3/caspase-1 axis in interferon-γ-stimulated THP-1 cells. These findings suggest that pemafibrate ameliorates peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis, making it a promising candidate for peritoneal fibrosis therapy.
Mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN) is an ultraorphan neurogenetic disease from the group of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders. Here we report cross-sectional and longitudinal data to define the phenotype, to assess disease progression and to estimate sample sizes for clinical trials. We enrolled patients with genetically confirmed MPAN from the Treat Iron-Related Childhood-Onset Neurodegeneration (TIRCON) registry and cohort study, and from additional sites. Linear mixed-effect modelling (LMEM) was used to calculate annual progression rates for the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Barry-Albright Dystonia (BAD) scale, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living (SE-ADL) scale and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). We investigated 85 MPAN patients cross-sectionally, with functional outcome data collected in 45. Median age at onset was 9 years and the median diagnostic delay was 5 years. The most common findings were gait disturbance (99%), pyramidal involvement (95%), dysarthria (90%), vision disturbances (82%), with all but dysarthria presenting early in the disease course. After 16 years with the disease, 50% of patients were wheelchair dependent. LMEM showed an annual progression rate of 4.5 points in total UPDRS. The total BAD scale score showed no significant progression over time. The SE-ADL scale and the patient- and parent-reported PedsQL showed a decline of 3.9%, 2.14 and 2.05 points, respectively. No patient subpopulations were identified based on longitudinal trajectories. Our cross-sectional results define the order of onset and frequency of symptoms in MPAN, which will inform the diagnostic process, help to shorten diagnostic delay and aid in counselling patients, parents and caregivers. Our longitudinal findings define the natural history of MPAN, reveal the most responsive outcomes and highlight the need for an MPAN-specific rating approach. Our sample size estimations inform the design of upcoming clinical trials.
BACKGROUND: Renal disease in canine leishmaniosis is of great importance owing to increased risk of mortality. In human visceral leishmaniosis, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) has been used as a marker of renal damage and inflammation. The purpose of this study was first to determine the serum MCP-1 and urinary MCP-1-to-creatinine ratio (uMCP-1/Cr) in healthy dogs and dogs with leishmaniosis at diagnosis, and second to determine whether these markers can differentiate disease severity at diagnosis.
METHODS: In total, 19 healthy seronegative dogs and 38 dogs with leishmaniosis were included in the study. Dogs with leishmaniosis were classified as LeishVet clinical staging and as International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staging. Serum and urinary MCP-1 concentrations were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve determined disease severity at diagnosis between two LeishVet groups (Stage II versus stage III and IV).
RESULTS: Dogs in Leishvet stages IIb, III, and IV had a median serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr concentration higher than healthy dogs (P < 0.0001). No statistical differences were found in serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr between dogs in LeishVet stage IIa and healthy dogs. The dogs in LeishVet stage IV had significantly higher serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr compared with the dogs in LeishVet stage IIa (P < 0.0001). Serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1 were significantly higher in dogs in IRIS stage I and II + III + IV compared with healthy dogs. Dogs stage II + III + IV of IRIS had a significantly higher serum MCP-1 compared with dogs in IRIS stage I (P < 0.0001). The area under the ROC curve for serum MCP-1 was 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-0.93] and for uMCP-1/Cr it was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.74-0.99). The optimal cutoff value for serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr was 336.85 pg/ml (sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 68%) and 6.89 × 10-7 (sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 79%), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr are increased in dogs with leishmaniosis compared with healthy dogs, suggesting the presence of inflammation and renal injury. Serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr were more elevated in the advanced stages of the disease compared with the moderate stages and, therefore, can be markers of the severity of the disease process.