anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Pravastatin sodium tablets may cause myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Acute kidney injury secondary to myoglobinuria and rare fatalities have occurred as a result of rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with statins, including pravastatin sodium tablets. Myopathy, defined as muscle aching or muscle weakness in conjunction with increases in creatine phosphokinase (CK) to greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), occurred < 0.1%; in pravastatin sodium -treated patients in clinical trials.

Risk Factors for Myopathy

Risk factors for myopathy include age 65 years or greater, uncontrolled hypothyroidism, renal impairment, concomitant use with certain other drugs (including other lipid-lowering therapies), and higher pravastatin sodium dosage [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. 

Steps to Prevent or Reduce the Risk of Myopathy and Rhabdomyolysis

Pravastatin sodium is not recommended in patients taking gemfibrozil [see Drug Interactions (7)]. There are pravastatin sodium dosage restrictions for patients taking cyclosporin and select macrolide antibiotics [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)]. The following drugs when used concomitantly with pravastatin sodium may also increase the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis: niacin, fibrates, and colchicine [see Drug Interactions (7)]. 

Discontinue pravastatin sodium tablets if markedly elevated CK levels occur or myopathy is diagnosed or suspected. Muscle symptoms and CK increases may resolve if pravastatin sodium is discontinued. Temporarily discontinue pravastatin sodium tablets in patients experiencing an acute or serious condition at high risk of developing renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis, e.g., sepsis; shock; severe hypovolemia; major surgery; trauma; severe metabolic, endocrine, or electrolyte disorders; or uncontrolled epilepsy.

Inform patients of the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis when starting or increasing the pravastatin sodium dosage. Instruct patients to promptly report any unexplained muscle pain, tenderness or weakness, particularly if accompanied by malaise or fever.
Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent genetic disorders in humans. Locus and allelic heterogeneity cause fundamental challenges in hearing loss genetic diagnosis and management of patients and their families. This study examined the genetic profile of patients with prelingual hearing loss who were referred to the Genetic Foundation of Khorasan Razavi spanning over a decade. Deleterious variants in GJB2 were evaluated through Sanger sequencing among 745 non-syndromic hearing loss patients. Furthermore, exome sequencing was applied in 250 patients with negative GJB2 sequencing results and 30 patients with syndromic hearing loss. The findings revealed a relatively low frequency of GJB2 variants among the studied patients. Exome sequencing successfully identified the genetic causes of hearing loss in 70% of the patients. Moreover, variants in 10 genes, namely SLC26A4, MYO15A, TMPRSS3, TMC1, OTOF, CDH23, PJVK, MYO7A, TECTA, and PCDH15, accounted for 66% of the positive exome sequencing findings in this study. At least three prevalent founder alleles in the hearing-impaired population of eastern Iran were identified. This study emphasizes the efficiency of exome sequencing as a powerful tool for determining the etiology of prelingual hearing loss in the eastern Iranian population.
The present invention provides a method for understanding the brain mechanisms of chronic pain. In some aspects chronic pain patients are asked to elevate their pain severity through tensing the muscles of their pain site during fMRI scanning. Areas Are within the brain are activated when patients increase pain, and both reported pain and the temporal activation pattern of these brain regions are sustained following the termination of the tensing task, simulating patients' experience in daily life. Identifying regions where activation time courses mimic a patient's pain report provides a new means of localizing chronic pain mechanisms within the brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data using a novel task that engages patients' own chronic pain experience is used for chronic pain diagnostics and classification. Methods of using these data to diagnose and treat chronic pain are further disclosed.
Usual clinical practice + dextromethorphan (15 milligrams unit), one 15 mg-tablet t.i.d. up to a maximum of 14 days.
It has been widely recognized that neurorehabilitation can facilitate recovery of motor function after stroke. There has been increasing evidence suggesting that the execution of voluntary movement relies critically on the functional integration of the motor areas and the spinal circuitries. More precisely, it was suggested that the central nervous system may generate neural motor commands through a linear combination of spinal modules, each of which activates a group of muscles as a single unit (muscle synergy). The investigators hypothesize that descending motor cortical signals generate movements by combining and activating muscle synergies. With this background, the goal is to further improve the efficacy of rehabilitation utilizing knowledge on modular motor control. The investigators also seek to provide a better understanding of the links between brain activations and movements.

The project MO-SE has three aims, one primary and two secondary. The main primary aim is to test whether the use of virtual reality rehabilitation based therapies are superior in terms of clinical efficacy to conventional therapies (randomized clinica trial, RCT). The other two secondary aims of the project will be accomplished with further instrumental analysis in sub-samples of the group of patients enrolled for the RCT.
The intervention was a 24-week progressive intradialytic combined cycling exercise which proceed in the first HD 2 hours. Each exercise lasted about 40 minutes.
A method for generating a diagnosis via a digital health application includes receiving, by a digital health application, a request for a diagnosis. A digital health application selects a plurality of questions based on the initial complaint, an order of presenting each of the plurality of questions, the order associated with the plurality of questions. The digital health application displays, to a user of the digital health application, in the associated order, each of the plurality of questions. The digital health application receives user input responsive to the questions. The digital health application determines a diagnosis and modifies a user interface to display an identification of the determined diagnosis. The digital health application requests an indication of whether the user of the digital health application accepts the diagnosis. The digital health application requests an indication of whether to establish a consultation with a medical professional to discuss the diagnosis.
The present invention relates to the cloning and expression of a sodium ion binding protein. In particular, the invention relates to cloning and expression of a nhaS gene. The nhaS gene product, NhaS, is a protein characterized by binding to and sequestering sodium ion (Na+). The invention further relates to functional fragments of a sodium ion binding protein, which fragments are characterized by their ability to bind to sodium ion. In a specific embodiment, the fragment is a fragment of NhaS. The gene encoding the sodium binding protein can be introduced into cells to produce desalination bioreactors. The gene encoding the sodium binding protein can also be introduced into plants as a transgene to produce plants that are resistant to sodium. The sodium binding protein itself may be used for treatments involving Na+/K+ ATPase disorders, e.g., in heart disease; the protein also may be introduced parenterally, preferably orally, to bind to and sequester dietary sodium.
1502813 Artificial teeth O W ROGERS 23 April 1975 [29 April 1974 31 Dec 1974] 16762/75 Heading B5A A method of forming tooth crowns or inlays, comprises forming a tooth model which may be coated with metallizing paint, electrolytically depositing a metal on to the model to form a matrix, building up porcelain on the matrix, and, optionally, removing the metal matrix from the porcelain with aqua regia. Suitable metals include gold, platinum, palladium or rhodium, or an alloy of these with platinum, palladium, rhodium, silver, copper, nickel, cobalt or indium. Alternatively, the matrix is formed of gold or gold alloy and coated electrolytically or by a vacuum technique with one of iron, tin, zinc, copper, nickel, chromium, cobalt, vanadium, platinum and palladium, and the surface of the metal is then treated with a mineral acid. The matrix may be burnished around the base of the tooth after fitting and a vent tube may be formed in the matrix to release pneumatic pressure, the tube being sealed with a gold plug or a self-tapping screw. Composite gold and porcelain crowns may be formed and a chelating cement, e.g. zinc phosphate, zinc oxide eugenol or polyacrylic acid, cements, used with a conventional cement to bond the crown to the tooth. The model tooth is protected from chemical attack during electrolysis, e.g. if the electrolyte is platinic chloride, by an epoxy resin composition, e.g. epichlorohydrin bisphenol.
PURPOSE: Large language models, a subset of artificial intelligence, have immense potential to support human tasks. The role of these models in science and medicine is unclear, requiring strong critical thinking and analysis skills. The objective of our study was to evaluate GPT-4's abilities to assess postoperative complications after renal surgeries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Discharge summaries were compiled, and patient information was deidentified in a Python-based program. Prompts were engineered in GPT-4 to assess for the presence of postoperative complications. GPT-4 was further asked to interpret each complication's Clavien-Dindo classification and institutional-specific category. GPT-4's database was compared to a human-curated database. Discrepancies were manually reviewed to calculate match and accuracy rates.
RESULTS: Approximately 944 renal surgeries were conducted from August 2005 to March 2022. There was a 79.6% match rate between GPT-4 and human-curated data in detecting postoperative complications. Accuracy rates were 86.7% for GPT-4 and 92.9% for human-curated. A subgroup of 139 patients had a complication detected by both GPT-4 and human with available Clavien-Dindo classification and category information. There was a 37.4% overall match rate for Clavien-Dindo grade and 55.4% match rate for category.
CONCLUSIONS: GPT-4 was able to accurately detect if there were any postoperative complications. It struggled with the complex task of further analyzing complications, especially with Clavien-Dindo classification, which requires more critical thinking and interpretation. While GPT-4 is not yet ready for advanced postoperative complication analysis, it can still be used to support clinicians in this endeavor.
Anorexia nervosa (AN), a characteristically relentless pursuit of thinness with an intense fear of weight gain despite significantly low body weight, is a serious psychiatric disorder with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Low weight eating disorders (LW-ED), the broader category of eating pathology that includes AN and similar variants, are characterized by a chronic course, poor response to treatment, and food avoidance. Emerging neuroimaging evidence suggests that deficits in insula-amygdala-ventral striatum (IAVS) neurocircuitry contribute to individual variability in aversive and reward learning, and that these brain regions demonstrate abnormal responses to food/eating stimuli. The researchers' pilot data suggest that patients with LW-ED experience difficulty extinguishing food-cue associations in a reversal learning paradigm compared to healthy controls, a difficulty that is related to psychophysiological measures of aversive disgust (not fear). The researchers have also successfully piloted an interoceptive exposure intervention for this population that targets visceral sensitivity and seeks to increase 'top-down' regulation of the IAVS neurocircuit. The proposed project will (a) use novel fMRI-EMG to test the relationship between effective connectivity within amygdala-insula-ventral striatum network and its relationship to psychophysiological and behavioral measures of acute threat and reward learning in 60 adolescents with LWEDs and 30 healthy controls, (b) test the sensitivity of this network to an experimental interoceptive exposure paradigm relative to patients receiving family based therapy for weight restoration using dynamic causal modeling of fMRI-EMG data pre-post experimental conditions, (c) validate this model against objective measures of laboratory and real world eating behavior. The results of this study will help better understand the core neurocircuitry that underlies both threat processing and reward/aversive learning and how this circuit relates to objective behavior. Further, the researchers will determine the modifiability of this neurocircuitry via two distinct behavioral interventions chosen to target different aspects of affective processing and reward learning. These data will be used to inform future clinical interventions targeting aversive/reward learning within this population and dysregulation in insula-amygdala-ventral striatum subcircuits.
Tuberculosis is on the increase in Africa. A key area of weakness in TB control efforts is the inability to make a rapid diagnosis. This is, in part, due to the inability to obtain representative biological samples and the non-availability of cheap, effective, rapid and field-friendly diagnostic tools. Indeed, in HIV positive patients, where the sensitivity of sputum smear is as low as 20%, culture results take several weeks and a significant proportion of patients do not expectorate sputum. Sputum induction for the diagnosis of TB has been evaluated in several studies, has been shown to have a good yield, feasibility and safety when performed correctly, and with diagnostic comparability to bronchoscopy. Few studies have evaluated the performance of induced sputum outside of the hospital environment and the tolerability, yield and performance outcome of sputum induction in a primary care facility has yet to be evaluated. The objective of this study is two-fold. We seek to evaluate, through a randomized controlled trial, the feasibility, performance outcomes and impact on time-to-diagnosis and -treatment of sputum induction, in a high HIV prevalence primary care setting, for the diagnosis of smear negative/ sputum scarce TB. We hypothesize that acquiring an induced sputum sample for smear microscopy and liquid TB culture will decrease time-to-diagnosis and time-to-treatment initiation in smear negative/sputum scarce TB patients in a primary care clinic in a resource-limited high TB HIV prevalent setting. We will also evaluate the potential incremental benefit of novel technologies to improve the rapidity and diagnostic yield using induced sputum samples (Xpert MTB/RIF assay, microscopic observation drug susceptibility testing (MODS) and the Genotype MTB DRplus line probe assay).
In 2016, the prevalence of obesity has already reached 13% of obesity and about 40% overweight worldwide. There is no doubt that obesity is linked to a broad spectrum of diseases，such as cardiovascular diseases, fatty liver diseases, polycystic ovarian syndrome and even central nervous systems disorders. For instance, in a review, author indicated the insulin resistance of T2DM occurs primarily in the muscles of lean individuals before they become obese. The central nervous system, especially the hypothalamus, has always considered to be the regulation center of food intake and hormonal regulation of energy homeostasis. In turn, obesity may worsen the regularity function of nervous system in several pathway. Based on the previous findings, the investigators hypothesized that a serious alterations of the body systems will occur after bariatric surgery, which may shed light on the mechanisms of obesity. The investigators plan to integrate the MR imaging, biological and epidemiological data thoroughly to investigate the alterations of the body that induced by obese and also followup the alterations that after surgery.
EMG-BF group will receive the same exercises as with the other group, but deltoid re-education exercises were performed under the guidance of EMG-BF device. All subjects will treated at the clinic three times per week for 6 weeks (18 sessions).
The invention discloses application of DMXAA in preparing a medicine for preventing and treating osteoporosis. The invention uses DMXAA to intervene osteoclast differentiation and maturation and an I-type osteoporosis animal model, and finds that the model has the functions of inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and resisting osteoporosis to a certain extent. By utilizing the discovery, the invention provides a medicine which takes DMXAA as a main active ingredient and prevents and treats I-type osteoporosis diseases by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation, has great significance for the research and treatment of the I-type osteoporosis diseases, and opens up new clinical application for the DMXAA. In addition, the DMXAA is used in a smaller dose than the conventional dose, and has small side effect. Animal test results suggest that DMXAA can significantly prevent and treat bone loss due to menopause (estrogen deprivation). The preparation prepared from DMXAA or the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier thereof has the application prospect of the medicine for treating osteoporosis.
UNLABELLED: People with advanced cancer and cachexia experience significant body weight loss, adversely impacting physical function and quality of life (QOL). Effective, evidence-based treatments for cancer cachexia are lacking, leaving patients with unmet needs. Exercise holds promise to improve patient QOL. However, information on patients' experiences of exercise, including their ability to cope with structured exercise, is limited.
PURPOSE: To explore patient experiences completing a structured, supervised exercise program for people with cachexia due to advanced cancer.
METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants enrolled in a phase II feasibility, randomized controlled trial to explore their experiences of an 8-week virtually supervised exercise program delivered via videoconference technology. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.
RESULTS: Seventeen participants completed interviews (female n = 9, 53%). Main interview themes included the following: (1) Deciding to exercise involves balancing concerns and expectations, (2) the exercise program is a positive experience, and (3) moving forward after the exercise program. While some participants initially held doubts about their physical capabilities and exercise safety, most wanted to exercise to enhance their wellbeing. Participants described the exercise program as a positive experience, offering diverse benefits. Some would have preferred in-person exercise, but all agreed the virtual format increased convenience. Participants emphasized the need to recommend the program to others in similar circumstances. They underscored the necessity and desire for ongoing support to sustain their new exercise habits.
CONCLUSION: Based on patient experiences, virtually supervised exercise programming appears to be feasible and meaningful to people with advanced cancer and cachexia.
It has been discovered that there are at least two significant antigens present on the cells of animal species such as pigs that elicit an immune or inflammatory response immediately upon implantation into humans or contact with human serum. The first is an α-galactosyl (Gal) epitope, for example, Galα(1->3)Galβ(1->4)GlcNac (linear B type 2) or Galα(1->3)Galβ(1->4)Glc (linear B type 6). The second is an N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) structure. By eliminating these epitopes, preferably by genetically engineering the animal so that the epitope is either not produced or is greatly reduced. or by chemical or enzymatic treatment of the animal's cells to remove the epitopes, it is possible to produce organs, tissues and cells suitable for xenotransplantation into humans. Cells can be rendered even more compatible by genetically engineering the animal to express a human complement regulatory protein (inhibitor), such as CD59, on its cells, or to express an excess of a pig complement regulatory protein.
Open-label administration of SNX-5422 capsules dosed in the morning once every other day (qod) for 21 days (11 doses), followed by a 7 day drug free period. Dose escalation will be based on safety defined as 1 or less dose limiting toxicities during the first 28 day cycle at any dose level. Dose escalation will not exceed a dose of 100 mg/m2 SNX-5422 qod even if the MTD has not been identified. Subjects will receive daily oral everolimus in the PM about the same time every day for 28 days.
NEW MATERIAL:A compound expressed by formula I (R is 2-10C acyclic alkyl or 2-19C acyclic alkenyl which may be substituted by a halogen) or a slat thereof. EXAMPLE:3-Carboxymethyl-5-propylidenerhodanine. USE:A remedy for diabetic complications having inhibitory effect on blood platelet agglutination and further powerful inhibitory activity against aldose reductase with very low toxicity. PREPARATION:A rhodanine-3-acetic acid expressed by formula II or a salt thereof is dissolved in acetone, dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), etc. and then reacted with an aldehyde expressed by the formula R<1>- CHO (R<1> is 1-9C alkyl or 2-18C alkenyl) in an equimolar amount - molar amount of 1.5 times of that of the compound expressed by formula II in the presence of sodium hydroxide, etc. to afford the aimed compound expressed by formula I .
All participants will complete 10 treatment sessions (3 preparatory, 6 3MDR and 1 concluding), led by a trained therapist, with the only difference between the intervention groups being the presence (EM+) or absence (EM-) of the eye movement component. For those in the EM+ intervention group, the EM component starts after the participant has thoroughly discussed a picture with the therapist; a red ball starts at one edge of the screen, moves rapidly back and forth across it, and upon reaching either edge, a 2-digit number appears superimposed in white on the ball. The number changes every time the ball meets either edge. The participant is asked to track the ball and call out the displayed numbers.
Anticoagulation therapy (AT) is fundamental in atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment but poses challenges in implementation, especially in AF populations with elevated thromboembolic and bleeding risks. Current guidelines emphasize the need to estimate and balance thrombosis and bleeding risks for all potential candidates of antithrombotic therapy. However, administering oral AT raises concerns in specific populations, such as those with chronic kidney disease (CKD), coagulation disorders, and cancer due to lack of robust data. These groups, excluded from large direct oral anticoagulants trials, rely on observational studies, prompting physicians to adopt individualized management strategies based on case-specific evaluations. The scarcity of evidence and specific guidelines underline the need for a tailored approach, emphasizing regular reassessment of risk factors and anticoagulation drug doses. This narrative review aims to summarize evidence and recommendations for challenging AF clinical scenarios, particularly in the long-term management of AT for patients with CKD, coagulation disorders, and cancer.