anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) reactivation has been reported to be caused due to several anticancer drugs and immunosuppressive agents; however, HCV reactivation after steroid monotherapy has rarely been reported. Here, we report the case of a 65-year-old Japanese man with HCV infection who developed HCV reactivation after the administration of prednisolone (PSL) for 6 days for sudden deafness. In the patient history, the positivity for anti-HCV antibody was observed, but serum level of HCV RNA was not measured. Two months after PSL administration, the patient experienced an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flare and the serum level of HCV RNA was observed to be 6.2 log IU/mL; then, the patient was admitted to our hospital for hepatitis treatment. Based on the clinical course and laboratory findings, the patient was diagnosed with HCV reactivation. Although the ALT levels decreased spontaneously during follow-up, they did not drop to normal range; subsequently, sofosbuvir and ledipasvir treatments were started. A sustained virological response 24 weeks after the end of treatment was achieved. This case study suggests that HCV reactivation with hepatitis flare can occur even after a steroid monotherapy, and doctors should pay attention to HCV reactivation when administering PSL for patients with HCV infection.
Ciprofloxacin given as an oral tablet is rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. The absolute bioavailability is approximately 70% with no substantial loss by first pass metabolism. Ciprofloxacin maximum serum concentrations and area under the curve are shown in the chart for the 250 mg to 1000 mg dose range.

Maximum serum concentrations are attained 1 to 2 hours after oral dosing. Mean concentrations 12 hours after dosing with 250, 500, or 750 mg are 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mcg/mL, respectively. The serum elimination half-life in subjects with normal renal function is approximately 4 hours. Serum concentrations increase proportionately with doses up to 1000 mg.

A 500 mg oral dose given every 12 hours has been shown to produce an area under the serum concentration time curve (AUC) equivalent to that produced by an intravenous infusion of 400 mg ciprofloxacin given over 60 minutes every 12 hours. A 750 mg oral dose given every 12 hours has been shown to produce an AUC at steady-state equivalent to that produced by an intravenous infusion of 400 mg given over 60 minutes every 8 hours. A 750 mg oral dose results in a Cmax similar to that observed with a 400 mg I.V. dose. A 250 mg oral dose given every 12 hours produces an AUC equivalent to that produced by an infusion of 200 mg ciprofloxacin given every 12 hours.
Colonoscopy is a well-established practice utilized for the evaluation of lower gastrointestinal tract diseases including, mostly commonly, the screening for colorectal polyps and cancer. Despite improvements in endoscope technology, a significant minority of procedures (up to 10%) can not be safely completed due to a variety of patient factors and technical difficulties. These factors primarily include prior abdominal surgeries resulting in adhesions, severe diverticular disease, inadequate bowel cleansing, and patient discomfort.

Options for an incomplete colonoscopy include several endoscopic and non-endoscopic modalities. Non-endoscopic modalities include radiologic studies such as CT/MRI colonography as well as a retrograde barium study. Relative disadvantages of these modalities is the inability to remove colonic polyps, perform biopsies, and in the case of barium studies, a lower sensitivity for pathology. Alternative endoscopic modalities have been described that may assist in successfully completing colonoscopy Of these alternative methods, balloon-overtube assisted colonoscopy is the most promising, but this method has not been studied in a randomized, controlled fashion. In this study, we aim to compare balloon-overtube assisted colonoscopy versus standard colonoscopy for patients with prior incomplete colonoscopy.
1,188,347. Semen diluters and preparations. TAKEDA YAKUHIN KOGYO K.K. 25 April, 1967 [28 April, 1966; 8 June, 1966], No. 18994/67. Heading A2D. The activity of semen preparations for artificial insemination of livestock (e.g. cattle, goats and sheep) comprising semen and diluter, is maintained or enhanced by incorporating therein 0.001 to 0.1 g/100 ccs of the preparations, an unsymmetrical thiamine organic disulphide derivative: where R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; a thiamine derivative: where R 1  and R 2  may be the same or different and represent carboxylic acid acyl group or carboalkoxy group or taken together a cyclocarbo group >C = o and a bisthiamine disulphide derivative: where R is H or a carboxylic acid acyl group; a salt thereof or mixtures thereof. The thiamine derivative may be added to the diluted semen preparation or to the semen diluter before adding it to the semen. The derivative may be added to preparations which have been stored or are to be stored in a frozen condition. The derivative may be thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulphide, thiamine allyl disulphide, thiamine 2-hydroxyethyl disulphide thiamine (7-methoxycarbonyl-3- acetylthioheptyl) disulphide, thiamine propyl disulphide, O, S dibenzoyl thiamine, O, S-diacetyl thiamine, S-acetyl thiamine O-monophosphate, O, S-dicarboethoxy thiamine, O, S-cyclocarbothiamine, bisthiamine disulphide, O-benzoylthiamine disulphide or the acid (e.g. hydrochloric or nitric acid) salts thereof. The diluter may comprise egg yolk, sodium citrate or phosphate buffer, glycerin, lecithin, whole milk, skim milk, casein, fructose, and amino acid.
SLx-4090 dose #1 in combination with statin drug. Subjects were dosed with the statin prescribed specifically by their prescribing physician.
Volunteers sequentially inhale three hypoxic gas mixtures each for 2.5 minute. Every measurement will begin with a two-minute stabilization phase, during which the physiological values of the volunteer will be checked. During the experiment, non-invasive SpO2 measurements will be performed continuously on the individual fingers of volunteer hands throughout the experiment.
SMART DOCS is a randomized comparative clinical trial designed to evaluate a new approach of outpatient medical care. In current sleep medicine practice, a consultation lasting one hour or less is allotted for the assessment, diagnosis, planning, and implementation of sleep disorders among patients and their health care provider. Patients are expected to convey their complex medical history and relevant symptoms, while clinicians must effectively and appropriately diagnose and create a treatment plan in this given period of time.

New technology for home-based diagnostic testing and electronic access to diagnostic results and outcomes provides functional advantages to the delivery of healthcare in an outpatient setting. The project was designed to compare the traditional diagnostic and treatment medical outpatient approach to a patient-centered outcomes and coordinated-care management (PCCM) approach for sleep medicine. New or refined methods, algorithms, and tools were expected to improve clinical practice and the patient's experience of care. The specific aim of this study was to determine whether a new patient-centered outcomes and coordinated-care management (PCCM) approach for sleep medicine provides better care and improves the health of patients compared to a conventional diagnostic/treatment outpatient medical care (CONV) approach.

Patients were randomized to one of two arms; Conventional Diagnostic/Treatment Outpatient Medical Care (CONV) and Patient-Centered Outcomes and Coordinated-Care Management (PCCM). Randomization was conducted using a permuted block design. Each new patient consecutively seen at the Stanford Sleep Medicine Center and each patient seen at Stanford Sleep Clinic in Primary Care who were suspected of having a new sleep disorder were informed about the study. The patient was notified that the study was a randomized trial and he or she could be assigned to either the CONV or PCCM arms. The patient was also apprised that he or she was consenting to grant access all clinical data collected during his or her evaluation and treatment to the research team. If the patient agreed to participate, informed consent was obtained. He or she was then randomized to one of the study arms in order to diagnose and treat his or her sleep disorder.
BACKGROUND Sudden cardiac death (SCD) affects 400,000 individuals each year in the U.S. alone. Over half have no evidence of heart disease prior to death, and our ability to identify those at risk and, therefore prevent SCD, is poor. Mutations in cardiac ion channel genes including SCN5A, KCNQ1, KCNH2, KCNE1, KCNE2 and RyR2 have been implicated in monogenic traits with high risk of SCD, such as the long-QT, Brugada, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Alterations in ion channel function can result in life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in diverse disease states. Therefore, sequence variants in these genes that alter function or transcription of these ion channels may confer a predisposition to ventricular arrhythmia and SCD in broader populations.

DESIGN NARRATIVE This research program proposes to determine if sequence variants in the above and other candidate genes are associated with an increased risk of SCD in apparently-healthy populations. Cases of SCD will be assembled from 5 NIH-funded prospective cohorts with a total of 106,314 individuals with existent blood samples. All cohorts are exceptionally well-characterized with respect to environmental exposures and have collected medical records on cardiovascular endpoints. We will characterize all coding sequence variation and selected non-coding sequence variation among 100 cases and controls from these cohorts for the 6 genes. We will then employ a nested case-control design and conditional logistic regression to test for associations between haplotypes (haplotype tag SNPs) in both coding and non-coding regions of candidate genes and SCD risk. We will also test directly for associations between single loci that may have functional significance and SCD risk. An estimated 600 cases of well-documented SCD will be confirmed over the first 3 years of the grant period, and these cases will be matched on age, sex, ethnicity, and geographic location to two control subjects from the same cohort. In addition, based upon known sex difference in the phenotypic expression of the candidate genes in the primary arrhythmic disorders, we will specifically examine sex difference in the risk of SCD associated with sequence variation in these genes. The findings generated will have substantial implications for our understanding of the SCD syndrome and risk stratification in the general population.
This proposal was intended to answer the call for accelerating drug development by exploring the potential of a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist, exenatide, as a candidate medication for the treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder. There is now substantial preclinical evidence that GLP-1 agonists can attenuate behaviors that model both the consumption and seeking of several commonly abused substances including alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine. This study was intended to accelerate medication development for Alcohol Use Disorder by testing a commercially-available and well-tolerated agent at a fraction of the cost of new drug discovery. None of the FDA-approved Alcohol Use Disorder medications or off-label Alcohol Use Disorder medications target this GLP-1 pathway, making exenatide a promising compound for Alcohol Use Disorder drug development.

The primary aim of this study was to test the effects of exenatide on alcohol self-administration and craving among heavy drinkers. In this within-subjects crossover design, 3 heavy drinkers were randomized to exposure order (exenatide or sham injection) prior to completing two alcohol self-administration trials. Subjects received a priming drink of alcohol and had access to 8 drinks over a 2-hour period. The investigators anticipated that subjects would consume less alcohol following the administration of exenatide compared to when they received a sham injection. Significant exenatide-induced reductions in drinking would be considered to be an indication that this drug may have value as an Alcohol Use Disorder medication. This study may provide a rationale for phase II randomized controlled trials testing exenatide with a treatment-seeking Alcohol Use Disorder population. These results may also help to spur further clinical investigation of the effects of exenatide and other available GLP-1 agonists on the factors implicated in the regulation of alcohol consumption.
INTRODUCTION/AIMS: One of the most distinct clinical features of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is facial weakness. It leads to diminished facial expression and functional impairments. Despite its clinical relevance, little else is known about orofacial muscle involvement. We therefore evaluated orofacial muscle involvement in a sizeable cohort of FSHD participants with muscle ultrasound.
METHODS: Muscle ultrasound images of the following orofacial muscles were scored visually and quantitatively: depressor anguli oris (DAO), orbicularis oris (OO), buccinator, temporalis, masseter, digastric, zygomaticus major and minor bilaterally, and the geniohyoid. Reliability analyses of both visual and quantitative evaluations were performed. Ultrasound results were correlated with other measures: the FSHD clinical score, facial weakness score, and facial function scale.
RESULTS: We included 107 FSHD participants (male 54%; age 52 ± 14 years), of whom 92% showed signs of facial weakness. The reliability of visual ultrasound analysis varied widely (κ 0.0-1.0). Quantitative ultrasound reliability was high (intraclass correlation analysis ≥ 0.96). The DAO, buccinator, OO, temporalis, and zygomaticus minor muscles were affected most often (15%-39%). The digastric, geniohyoid, zygomaticus major, and masseter muscles were least often affected (<5%). The ultrasound compound score correlated weakly to moderately with other outcome measures used (ρ = 0.3-0.7).
DISCUSSION: This study adds to the understanding of orofacial weakness in FSHD, confirming the involvement of the muscles of facial expression in FSHD using ultrasound. We showed that orofacial muscle ultrasound is feasible and reliable when quantitatively assessed. Future studies should evaluate orofacial muscle ultrasound longitudinally, alongside clinical and patient-reported facial weakness outcome measures, to assess their potential as outcome measures.
The Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) plays an important role in diagnosing and managing hearing loss, but can be challenging and time-consuming to measure. Test times are especially long when multiple ABR measurements are needed, e.g., when estimating hearing threshold at a range of frequencies. While many detection methods have been developed to reduce ABR test times, the majority were designed to detect the ABR at a single stimulus level and do not consider correlations in ABR waveforms across levels. These correlations hold valuable information, and can be exploited for more efficient hearing threshold estimation. This was achieved in the current work using a Gaussian Process (GP), i.e., a Bayesian approach for non-linear regression. The function to estimate with the GP was the ABR's amplitude across stimulus levels, from which hearing threshold was ultimately inferred. Active learning rules were also designed to automatically adjust the stimulus level and efficiently locate hearing threshold. Simulation results show test time reductions of up to  ∼ 50% for the GP compared to a sequentially applied Hotelling's T2 test, which does not consider correlations across ABR waveforms. A case study was also included to briefly assess the GP approach in ABR data from an adult volunteer.
A 78-year-old woman with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy underwent a septal myomectomy and valve replacement. In the immediate postoperative period she developed shock of mixed etiology and died. At autopsy, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were identified, with PAS and Giemsa positive intracellular ceroid granular deposits. Sea-blue histiocytosis is an extremely rare, chronic and benign deposit disease. It is characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia and lymphadenopathy. The presence of ceroid substance in granules in PAS and Giemsa stains should establish the diagnosis of suspicion.
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI) are common disorders that significantly impact women's quality of life. Studies have demonstrated that cytokines, including pro- and anti-inflammatory immune mediators, play a role in illness genesis and progression. Research on the inflammatory milieu of the pelvic floor has shown that POP patients have increased inflammation in vaginal tissues. This evidence revealed that significant changes in the inflammatory milieu of the pelvic floor are an aspect of the pathogenesis of POP. POP patients exhibit increased levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF, IFN, and others) in the front vaginal wall, which may alter collagen metabolism and contribute to POP. Studies indicate that cytokines such as IL-6, IL-10, and TGF, which are involved in inflammation, remodelling, and repair, have dual effects on POP and UI. They can promote tissue healing and regeneration but also exacerbate inflammation and fibrosis, contributing to the progression of these conditions. Understanding the dual roles of these cytokines could help us improve the vaginal microenvironment of women and treat POP and UI. Given the considerable changes in these cytokines, this review addresses studies published between 2000 and 2024 on the molecular mechanisms by which pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines affect women with POP and UI. Furthermore, we explain novel therapeutic strategies for cytokine regulation, emphasizing the possibility of personalized treatments that address the underlying inflammatory milieu of the vagina in POP and UI patients. This thorough analysis aims to establish a foundation for future research and clinical applications, ultimately improving patient outcomes via designed cytokine-based therapies.
BACKGROUND: Yellow leaf green tea (YLGT) is a new variety of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze, which has yellow leaves and the unique qualities of 'three green through three yellow'. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effect of YLGT in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and to explore the potential mechanisms by regulating the AMPK/ACC/SREBP1c signaling pathways and gut microbiota.
RESULTS: The results showed that YLGT aqueous extract reduced body weight, hepatic inflammation, fat accumulation and hyperlipidemia in HFD-induced C57BL/6J mice, and also accelerated energy metabolism, reduced fat synthesis and suppressed obesity by activating the AMPK/CPT-1α signaling pathway and inhibiting the FAS/ACC/SREBP-1c signaling pathway. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiment further confirmed that the alteration of gut microbiota (e.g. increasing unclassified_Muribaculaceae and decreasing Colidextribacter) might be an important cause of YLGT water extract inhibiting obesity.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, YLGT has a broad application prospect in the treatment of obesity and the development of anti-obesity function beverages. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Canakinumab is a recombinant, human anti-human-IL-1β monoclonal antibody that belongs to the IgG1/κ isotype subclass. It is expressed in a murine Sp2/0-Ag14 cell line and comprised of two 447- (or 448-) residue heavy chains and two 214-residue light chains, with a molecular mass of 145157 Daltons when deglycosylated. Both heavy chains of canakinumab contain oligosaccharide chains linked to the protein backbone at asparagine 298 (Asn 298). 

The biological activity of canakinumab is measured by comparing its inhibition of IL-1β-dependent expression of the reporter gene luciferase to that of a canakinumab internal reference standard, using a stably transfected cell line. 

ILARIS Injection

ILARIS (canakinumab) Injection is supplied as a sterile, preservative-free, clear to opalescent, colorless to slightly brownish-yellow solution for subcutaneous injection in a single-dose, glass vial with coated stopper and aluminum flip-off cap. Each vial delivers 1 mL containing 150 mg canakinumab, L-histidine (2.1 mg), L-histidine HCl monohydrate (1.3 mg), mannitol (49.2 mg), polysorbate 80 (0.4 mg), and Sterile Water for Injection.
A randomized controlled trial study was done on patients undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a single tertiary Centre in Malaysia. The study was approved by University Malaya Medical Centre medical research ethics committee. All patients gave written and informed consent. Patients were fasted, and three psychometric tests were performed as a baseline before sedation. Patients were randomly allocated to either receive IV Midazolam (Group M) or inhalational Sevoflurane (Group S) via nasal mask. Standard monitoring was applied. Patients in Sevoflurane group received the inhalational agent via a nasal mask with stepwise increment until and Observed Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale of 3 or maximum 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration was achieved. Patients in Midazolam group were given a stat dose of IV Midazolam 2.5mg. Both groups received 30mcg of IV Fentanyl and lignocaine 1% gargle prior to the procedure. The unblinded observer monitored the level of sedation and recorded the patient's vital signs. A second blinded observer performed the psychometric tests before and at the end of the procedure. He also recorded the time to fulfil discharge criteria as well as the satisfaction scores from the patient and endoscopist.
This is a registry study to define the status of lipid lowering therapy in Taiwan and the effect of LLT on CVD morbidity and mortality in a large population of patients receiving primary or secondary prevention therapy. The medications will only depend on the decision made by the primary care physicians. The patient or physician can decide to be withdrawn from this registry at any time because of any reason.

All potential patients will be screened for the eligibility in a screening visit. Those who fill the inclusion criteria at screening will be invited for the registry study into different groups. The follow-up will take place yearly thereafter for 5 years, through clinical visiting, phone follow-up, or records from the NHIB Taiwan. At each clinical visit, vital signs, clinical endpoints, adverse events, concurrent medication information and laboratory specimens will be obtained as complete as possible. With phone or records from NHIB, only clinical endpoints will be recorded. If the primary care physician intends to treat the patient's lipid profile to the target, he/she can add, delete or adjust the LLT by his/her clinical judgement.