anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Clinical trials of several COX-2 selective and nonselective NSAIDs of up to three years duration have shown an increased risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke, which can be fatal. Based on available data, it is unclear that the risk for CV thrombotic events is similar for all NSAIDs. The relative increase in serious CV thrombotic events over baseline conferred by NSAID use appears to be similar in those with and without known CV disease or risk factors for CV disease. However, patients with known CV disease or risk factors had a higher absolute incidence of excess serious CV thrombotic events, due to their increased baseline rate. Some observational studies found that this increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events began as early as the first weeks of treatment. The increase in CV thrombotic risk has been observed most consistently at higher doses.

To minimize the potential risk for an adverse CV event in NSAID-treated patients, use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible. Physicians and patients should remain alert for the development of such events, throughout the entire treatment course, even in the absence of previous CV symptoms. Patients should be informed about the symptoms of serious CV events and the steps to take if they occur.

There is no consistent evidence that concurrent use of aspirin mitigates the increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events associated with NSAID use. The concurrent use of aspirin and an NSAID, such as diclofenac, increases the risk of serious gastrointestinal (GI) events [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] .

Status Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery

Two large, controlled, clinical trials of a COX-2 selective NSAID for the treatment of pain in the first 10 to 14 days following CABG surgery found an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke. NSAIDs are contraindicated in the setting of CABG [ see Contraindications (4)]. 

Post-MI Patients

Observational studies conducted in the Danish National Registry have demonstrated that patients treated with NSAIDs in the post-MI period were at increased risk of reinfarction, CV-related death, and all-cause mortality beginning in the first week of treatment. In this same cohort, the incidence of death in the first year post-MI was 20 per 100 person years in NSAID-treated patients compared to 12 per 100 person years in non-NSAID exposed patients. Although the absolute rate of death declined somewhat after the first year post-MI, the increased relative risk of death in NSAID users persisted over at least the next four years of follow-up.

Avoid the use of diclofenac sodium in patients with a recent MI unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of recurrent CV thrombotic events. If diclofenac sodium is used in patients with a recent MI, monitor patients for signs of cardiac ischemia.
Risk Summary

The safety and efficacy of XTANDI have not been established in females. Based on animal reproductive studies and mechanism of action, XTANDI can cause fetal harm and loss of pregnancy. There are no human data on the use of XTANDI in pregnant females. In animal reproduction studies, oral administration of enzalutamide in pregnant mice during organogenesis caused adverse developmental effects at doses lower than the maximum recommended human dose (see Data).

Data

Animal Data

In an embryo-fetal developmental toxicity study in mice, enzalutamide caused developmental toxicity when administered at oral doses of 10 or 30 mg/kg/day throughout the period of organogenesis (gestational days 6-15). Findings included embryo-fetal lethality (increased post-implantation loss and resorptions) and decreased anogenital distance at ≥ 10 mg/kg/day, and cleft palate and absent palatine bone at 30 mg/kg/day. Doses of 30 mg/kg/day caused maternal toxicity. The doses tested in mice (1, 10 and 30 mg/kg/day) resulted in systemic exposures (AUC) approximately 0.04, 0.4 and 1.1 times, respectively, the exposures in patients. Enzalutamide did not cause developmental toxicity in rabbits when administered throughout the period of organogenesis (gestational days 6-18) at dose levels up to 10 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.4 times the exposures in patients based on AUC).

In a pharmacokinetic study in pregnant rats with a single oral 30 mg/kg enzalutamide administration on gestation day 14, enzalutamide and/or its metabolites were present in the fetus at a Cmax that was approximately 0.3 times the concentration found in maternal plasma and occurred 4 hours after administration.
Patients first received bevacizumab 10 mg/kg IV on day 1 of every cycle (cycle length=21 days) at approximately 0.5 mg/kg/minute. Additionally on days 1 and 8 of each cycle, patients received docetaxel 30 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes followed by cisplatin 25 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes and then irinotecan 50 mg/m2 IV over 30 minutes of each 3-week cycle.
Patients with acute ischemic stroke will be divided into 2 groups by double-blind, randomized, and controlled trial. Personality and past history of the patients will be recorded after the patients signed inform consent. The patient will be collected blood among 10 cc. for measurement biomarker in serum that related plaque stability i.e. sLOX-1 and NO levels for baseline and obtained neurological examination i.e. NIHSS, mRS and Barthel's index scale for baseline. The bloods will be centrifuged 4,000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4˚C. The supernatant will be collected for determine sLOX-1 and NO levels by ELIZA.

The patients must be take pills for 180 days by randomized code number on pill box, and patients must be turn into the site for follow up visit at Day 90 and Day 180. All visits of the patients will be collected blood among 10 cc. for measurement biomarker in serum that related plaque stability i.e. sLOX-1 and NO, and obtained neurological examination i.e. NIHSS, mRS and Barthel's index scale. The bloods were centrifuged 4,000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4˚C. The supernatant were collected for determine all biomarkers by ELIZA.

Next, the data will be separated with code number for divided group into 2 groups. Group 1 is simvastatin 10 mg per day treatment (n=36) and Group 2 is simvastatin 40 mg per day treatment (n=36) . Finally, all data of each group will be calculated mean ± standard deviation, and compared by statistical analysis.
Clinically significant and potentially life-threatening liver injury, including acute liver failure requiring transplant, has been reported in patients treated with AUBAGIO in the postmarketing setting. Patients with pre-existing liver disease and patients taking other hepatotoxic drugs may be at increased risk for developing liver injury when taking AUBAGIO. Clinically significant liver injury can occur at any time during treatment with AUBAGIO.

Patients with pre-existing acute or chronic liver disease, or those with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) greater than two times the upper limit of normal (ULN) before initiating treatment, should not normally be treated with AUBAGIO. AUBAGIO is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Contraindications (4)].

In placebo-controlled trials in adult patients, ALT greater than three times the ULN occurred in 61/1045 (5.8%) and 62/1002 (6.2%) of patients receiving AUBAGIO 7 mg and 14 mg, respectively, and 38/997 (3.8%) of patients receiving placebo, during the treatment period. These elevations occurred mostly within the first year of treatment. Half of the cases returned to normal without drug discontinuation. In clinical trials, if ALT elevation was greater than three times the ULN on two consecutive tests, AUBAGIO was discontinued and patients underwent an accelerated elimination procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. Of the patients who underwent discontinuation and accelerated elimination in controlled trials, half returned to normal or near normal values within 2 months.

One patient in the controlled trials in adult patients developed ALT 32 times the ULN and jaundice 5 months after initiation of AUBAGIO 14 mg treatment. The patient was hospitalized for 5 weeks and recovered after plasmapheresis and cholestyramine accelerated elimination procedure. AUBAGIO-induced liver injury in this patient could not be ruled out.

Obtain serum transaminase and bilirubin levels within 6 months before initiation of AUBAGIO therapy. Monitor ALT levels at least monthly for six months after starting AUBAGIO. Consider additional monitoring when AUBAGIO is given with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs.

Consider discontinuing AUBAGIO if serum transaminase increase (greater than three times the ULN) is confirmed. Monitor serum transaminase and bilirubin on AUBAGIO therapy, particularly in patients who develop symptoms suggestive of hepatic dysfunction, such as unexplained nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, or jaundice and/or dark urine. If liver injury is suspected to be AUBAGIO-induced, discontinue AUBAGIO and start an accelerated elimination procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] and monitor liver tests weekly until normalized. If AUBAGIO-induced liver injury is unlikely because some other probable cause has been found, resumption of AUBAGIO therapy may be considered.
Adipose tissue senescence is a precursor to organismal aging and understanding adipose remodelling contributes to discovering novel anti-aging targets. Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), a critical endogenous antioxidant enzyme, is diminished in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) with white adipose expansion. Based on the active role of the antioxidant system in counteracting aging, we investigated the involvement of GPx3 in adipose senescence. We determined that knockdown of GPx3 in adipose tissue by adeno-associated viruses impaired mitochondrial function in mice, increased susceptibility to obesity, and exacerbated adipose tissue senescence. Impairment of GPx3 may cause mitochondrial dysfunction through inner mitochondrial membrane disruption. Adipose reshaping management (cold stimulation and intermittent diet) counteracted the aging of tissues, with an increase in GPx3 expression. Overall metabolic improvement induced by cold stimulation was partially attenuated when GPx3 was depleted. GPx3 may be involved in adipose browning by interacting with UCP1, and GPx3 may be a limiting factor for intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation during stem cell browning. Collectively, these findings emphasise the importance of restoring the imbalanced redox state in adipose tissue to counteract aging and that GPx3 may be a potential target for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and longevity.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review highlights recent advances in facial reanimation surgery particularly related to muscle transposition and free functional muscle transfer (FFMT).
RECENT FINDINGS: FFMT and muscle transposition are mainstays in the treatment of chronic facial paralysis. Recent literature evaluates single versus dual innervated FFMT, reanimation of the periocular region and lower lip depressors, and indications for such methods over gold standard FFMT techniques. New donor sites for muscle transposition and FFMT are also described.
SUMMARY: Gracilis FFMT (GFMT) continues to be the gold standard in dynamic facial reanimation for patients with chronic facial paralysis. Muscle transposition should be considered in older patients, those medically unfit for long operative procedures, and individuals who prefer more immediate results. With respect to FFMT, described nerve coaptation patterns, surgical stages, and donor muscle choice vary. Standardization of data reporting and outcome measures is needed in future studies.
The polymeric carrier is used as a carrier of medical agents and biologically- active medications. It has a good biological compatibility, low toxicity and narrow allocation in size. The mean size of the derived particles is about 70 nm. The carrier is a poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone. For its extraction, the following are used : between 15 and 20% of fluid solution of N-vinylpyrrolidone, containing 1.4-2% methylene bisacrylamide, which is added to 0.2 M solution of dioctyl sulphosuccinate-sodium salt in normal octane. Then, 3x10<-4> solution of α-chymotrypsine is added. The mixture is homogenized, and 1 mg/ml azobisisobutyronitrile is added. This serves as an initiator of radical polymerisation. The solution is degassed and radiated with a UV-lamp at continuous mixing, after which to the residue is added a mixture of ether and acetone in 4:1 proportion ,and then centrifuged.
Telephone-delivered Common Elements Treatment Approach (t-CETA). t-CETA sessions of up to 30 minutes will be delivered 1-2 times per week for approximately 8-12 weeks. The number and content of sessions will be tailored to each child, thus there will be some variation.
The objective of this study is to investigate the association between diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and various adiposity indexes, including the visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product index (LAPI), visceral fat area (VFA), and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. 1176 T2DM patients was stratified into normoalbuminuria (NO), microalbuminuria (MI), and macroalbuminuria (MA) groups based on their urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) levels. To analyse the correlation between DKD and VAI, LAPI, VFA, and SFA. Multiple linear, restricted cubic spline (RCS), subgroup analyses, and multinomial logistic regression were employed. After adjusting for confounding variables, UACR levels were positively associated with VAI, LAPI, and VFA. RCS curves demonstrated a J-shaped dose-response relationship between VAI and LAPI levels with UACR levels, while a linear correlation was observed between UACR levels and VFA. Using the NO and MI as reference groups, the MA group was analysed as the observational group. DKD severity was positively associated with VAI, LAPI and VFA. When evaluating DKD prognostic risk, with the low-risk and medium-risk groups serving as reference categories, a significant positive correlation was identified with prognostic risk and VAI, LAPI, and VFA in the high-risk or very high-risk groups. In patients with T2DM, DKD severity and prognostic risk were positively correlated with VAI, LAPI, and VFA levels.
Myocardial infarction confirmed by a troponin test (\>50ng/l) 12 hours after the onset of chest pain. Subjects will receive one MCG scan (intervention) using the QI Model 1.0 Magentocardiogram. This will be in addition to their current care and it will not be used to support clinical decision making.
INTRODUCTION: Persistent, painful temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are challenging to manage and usually require the active engagement of patients. To achieve this, it is necessary to understand the complex and multifactorial nature of persistent pain. Many dental professionals have little education about persistent pain and may prefer to offer structural management and advice. This research aims to explore how people understand their persistent TMD and how this understanding has been influenced by their treatment providers.
METHODS: Twenty-one people were recruited to represent a diversity of experience with persistent TMD. Interviews followed a semistructured topic guide. Themes were constructed through reflexive thematic analysis to represent how people made sense of their symptoms and the messages that they had picked up through their treatment journey.
RESULTS: Participants described examples of conflicting opinions and inconsistent management recommendations. They rarely recalled collaborative discussions about the nature and complexity of their symptoms and different options for treatment. This experience is represented by a single theme, "a medical merry-go-round." Subthemes of "a medical journey to nowhere-participants' frustrated attempts to find medical management that will end their pain" and "is it me?-participants' questioning their role in persisting pain" kept participants on the merry-go-round, while symptom resolution and participants' emerging development of a holistic understanding of their TMD pain provided exit points. Understanding pain holistically tended to be helpful and typically occurred despite rather than because of the advice given in routine treatment settings.
CONCLUSION: Participants in this study had not typically found their pain management within dental and medical settings to have helped them to construct meaning and understand their experiences of painful TMD. However, understanding symptoms holistically was experienced as beneficial. This study suggests that improved communication and signposting within services for persistent TMD may be beneficial to patients with TMD pain.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT: Results of this study confirm that being offered a series of anatomically based, singular-cause explanations for persisting pain symptoms had been experienced as unhelpful by the participants who had sought help for their TMD. Participants highlighted the importance of accurate and collaborative communication and of dental professionals explicitly adopting and communicating a biopsychosocial understanding of pain to their patients who have TMD. Results highlight that some people can struggle to manage persisting pain with minimal support. Signposting patients to appropriate services and resources may help them to understand more about the nature of persistent pain and methods of managing it.
INTRODUCTION: Pediatric non-galenic pial arteriovenous fistulas (pAVFs) are rare vascular malformations that are characterized by a pial arterial-venous connection without an intervening capillary bed. Outcomes and treatment strategies for pAVFs are highly individualized, owing to the rarity of the disease and lack of large-scale data guiding optimal treatment approaches.
METHODS: We performed a systematic review of pediatric patients (< 18 years at diagnosis) diagnosed with a pAVF by digital subtraction angiogram (DSA). The demographics, treatment modalities, and outcomes were documented for each patient and clinical outcome data was collected. Descriptive information stratified by outcome scores were classified as follows: 1 = excellent (no deficit and full premorbid activity), 2 = good (mild deficit and full premorbid activity), 3 = fair (moderate deficit and impaired activity), 4 = poor (severe deficit and dependent on others), 5 = death.
RESULTS: A total of 87 studies involving 231 patients were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 3 years (neonates to 18 years). There was slight male preponderance (55.4%), and 150 subjects (81.1%*) experienced excellent outcomes after treatment. Of the 189 patients treated using endovascular approaches, 80.3% experienced excellent outcomes and of the 15 patients surgically treated subjects 75% had an excellent outcome. The highest rate of excellent outcomes was achieved in patients treated with Onyx (95.2%) and other forms of EvOH (100%). High output heart failure and comorbid vascular lesions tended to result in worse outcomes, with only 54.2% and 68% of subjects experiencing an excellent outcome, respectively. *Outcomes were reported in only 185 patients.
CONCLUSION: pAVFs are rare lesions, necessitating aggregation of patient data to inform natural history and optimal treatment strategies. This review summarizes the current literature on pAVF in children, where children presenting with heart failure as a result of high flow through the lesion were less likely to experience an excellent outcome. Prospective, large-scale studies would further characterize pediatric pAVFs and enable quantitative analysis of outcomes to inform best treatment practices.
Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. Adequate pain control is often challenging, particularly in patients with chronic pain. Despite advances in pain management, drug addiction, overtreatment, or substance use disorders are not rare. Hence the need for further studies in the field. The substantial progress made over the last decade has revealed genes, signalling pathways, molecules, and neuronal networks in pain control thus opening new clinical perspectives in pain management. In this respect, data on the epigenetic modulation of opioid and cannabinoid receptors, key actors in the modulation of pain, offered new perspectives to preserve the activity of opioid and endocannabinoid systems to increase the analgesic efficacy of opioid- and cannabinoid-based drugs. Similarly, upcoming data on cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid in the marijuana plant Cannabis sativa, suggests analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsivant and ansiolitic effects and supports its potential application in clinical contexts such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune diseases but also in health and fitness with potential use in athletes. Hence, in this review article, we summarize the emerging epigenetic modifications of opioid and cannabinoid receptors and focus on CBD as an emerging non-psychoactive cannabinoid in pain management in clinical practice, health, and fitness.
Who will receive 30 L/min oxygen flow through VapothermR Precision Flow HFNC. The fraction of inspired Oxygen (FiO2) will be adjusted at 0.4, temperature at 37◦C with 100% humidity.
The invention discloses a GnRH6-CRM197 recombinant protein castration vaccine and a preparation method thereof, wherein the mammal castration recombinant protein vaccine contains a GnRH recombinant protein antigen, and the amino acid sequence of the GnRH recombinant protein antigen is shown as a sequence table seq_1. The GnRH6-CRM197 recombinant protein castration vaccine contains a mammalian GnRH sequence, wherein the mammal comprises dogs, cats, pet pigs, holland pigs and mice. The mammalian castration recombinant protein vaccine contains a canine GnRH sequence of sequence table seq_2. The mammalian castration recombinant protein vaccine contains a goat CRM197 sequence of a sequence table seq_3. The invention discloses construction, transformation expression and purification of a recombinant GnRH6-CRM197 protein vaccine and acquisition of engineering bacteria BL21 (DE 3) -PET21a-GnRH6-CRM 197. After the vaccine is used for immunizing male animals, testes are atrophic, so that the purpose of controlling animal fertility is achieved.
PURPOSE:An antitumor agent obtained by freeze-drying microbial cells of Streptococcus faecium. CONSTITUTION:An antitumor agent obtained by multiplying Streptococcus faecium strain (Streptococcus faecium R 672 strain; FERM-P No.8176) in a suitable culture medium, collecting microbial cells from the resultant culture fluid by centirfugation, treating the collected microbial cells directly with Penicillin G Potassium (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and freeze-drying the treated substance. The agent can be formulated with an excipient, diluent or adjuvant, etc. into a suitable dosage form. The preferred administration dosage form is injection and transfusion solution. In this case, the dose thereof may be 1-2,000mg/day (i.v.).