anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a relatively novel fibroinflammatory condition characterized typically by dense lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, storiform fibrosis and obliterative venulitis, together with prominent IgG4+ plasma cells and an IgG4+/IgG+ plasma cell ratio of >40 %. The diagnosis is usually made on a combination of clinical and serological features together with characteristic radiological and histological appearances. The condition may be limited to a single tissue/organ (e.g., autoimmune pancreatitis) or may be multicentric in nature - four clinical 'patterns' of disease distribution have recently been described. The diagnosis of IgG4-RD can be challenging, particularly when the clinical presentation is unusual and/or when the histological features are not typical. A diagnosis of IgG4-RD may still be achieved in these situations, after careful clinicopathological discussion e.g., at a specialist multidisciplinary team meeting. However, a wide range of other conditions (neoplastic and non-neoplastic) can mimic IgG4-RD, clinically and/or on histological examination. The relationship between IgG4-RD and non-IgG4-RD associated conditions in some clinical situations is particularly complex. This review describes the role of histological examination in the diagnosis of IgG4-RD, discusses some of the practical difficulties that may be encountered and provides an insight into the range of non-IgG4-RD associated conditions that can mimic IgG4-RD on clinical and/or histological grounds. The requirement for interpretation of histological features in the context of the global clinical picture of the patient is highlighted and emphasized.
Patients receive oral gefitinib daily beginning on day 1, irinotecan IV over 90 minutes on days 1 and 15, and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours and fluorouracil IV over 3-5 seconds followed by a 22-hour infusion on days 1, 2, 15, and 16. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
In patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a common comorbidity. Thromboinflammatory processes in both conditions represent complex pathophysiology, demonstrated by dysregulation of thromboinflammatory biomarkers, and commonly resulting in the combined pathology of cardiorenal syndrome. We sought to investigate the effects of HFrEF on these biomarkers in patients with ESRD, and observe the relationship to mortality. Blood samples from 73 patients with ESRD (mean age 67 ± 13 years, 56% male) and 40 healthy controls were analyzed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and other chromogenic methods for angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), endogenous glycosaminoglycans, fatty acid binding protein, interleukin-6, lipopolysaccharide, free fatty acids, NT-pro B-type natriuretic peptide, tumor necrosis factor α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and von Willebrand factor. Patients were stratified into those with or without HFrEF (EF < 50%). Patients had highly prevalent comorbidities including coronary artery disease 46%, diabetes 69%, hypertension 97%, and smoking 49%. Most biomarkers were upregulated in ESRD compared to controls. Patients with HFrEF and ESRD had greater interleukin-6 and NT-pro B-type natriuretic peptide and lesser lipopolysaccharide compared to ESRD only. Spearman correlations between most biomarkers were increased in HFrEF + ESRD over ESRD only. Ang-2 was associated with mortality in this cohort. The dysregulation of thromboinflammation in ESRD is somewhat amplified in comorbid HFrEF. Correlation among biomarkers in this cohort indicates the mechanisms of thromboinflammatory biomarker generation in ESRD and HFrEF share an integrative process. Ang2, interleukin-6, and lipopolysaccharide show promise as biomarkers for risk stratification among patients with both HFrEF and ESRD.
ALPI was applied with a VISULAS diode laser of 532 nm (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) by the same ophthalmologist (JML). Twenty to 40 spots of 400 mW power with 500 microns of size and duration of 500 ms were applied. Power was modified arbitrarily until an effective iris contraction was obtained. It was considered an effective contraction as that which causes a concentric movement around the laser spot, with minimal iris pigmentation and immediate angle opening observed through the lens mirrors using a Goldmann lens. Power was lowered if there was any bursting sound perceived, pigment dispersion, air bubbles or considerable pain.
Moxidectin 8 mg will be administered as a single dose. Each subject will receive the same number of tablets made up of moxidectin 2 mg tablets and placebo tablets to maintain the blind.
Subjects will be given 80 mg/day Telmisartan + 600 mg/day Alpha-Lipoic Acid. Subjects will also be prescribed CPAP therapy by their physician. Subjects will be instructed to use their CPAP device according to their physician's guidelines.
The proposed study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as compared to a control psychotherapy, Present Centered Therapy (PCT), for individuals with distress and impairment who deployed as part of Operation Enduring Freedom and/or Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF). ACT was selected for study because it has a number of advantages for this population. It is not tied to any particular symptom constellation, so it can be applied to a variety of presenting concerns (Hayes, Luoma, et al., 2006; Öst, 2008, Powers et al., 2009), resulting in reduced training burden for clinicians and less need for applying sequential treatments to address co-morbidities. ACT has good face validity (i.e., "it makes sense") and conveys a compelling message to young Service Members and Veterans. ACT asks individuals to move forward in accordance with one's values regardless of limitations rather than struggling against those limitations. ACT appears to be acceptable to patients (mean attrition of 15.4% in 13 RCTs (Öst, 2008). ACT is being widely disseminated without adequate evidence of its effectiveness for this important population.
Styryl dyes and compositions which exhibit superior two-photon absorption cross-sections and are useful in two-photon pumped cavity lasing, two-photon pumped upconversion lasing, optical power limiting, optical power stabilization, optical signal reshaping, and infrared beam detection and indication are disclosed. Also disclosed are multiphasic nanostructured composites which include a glass having pores, an optically active coating material on the pore surface, and a polymeric material in the pores. These composites are useful in producing multifunctional optical materials, such as broadly tunable lasers. Methods for killing cells and viruses using a photosensitizer and a two-photon upconverting dye are also described. These methods are especially useful to kill cells and viruses in biological materials, such as in photodynamic therapy of tumors and cancers or blood purification protocols. Media and methods for recording data in a three-dimensional matrix which includes a plurality of dye molecules is also described. The data storage methods and media have approximately 1012 volume elements per square centimeter, and each of the volume elements can store a single bit, digital information, or analog information. The data storage methods and media of the present invention are particularly useful for storing or archiving a series of two-dimensional black and white or color images, such as frames of a movie.
Systematic physical exercise program during 12 weeks, then a 2 weeks washout, to finally proceed to the other treatment during 12 more weeks. During the 26 weeks of study duration every participant will have a personal isoenergetic diet.
BACKGROUND: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is traditionally used to treat postoperative wound infections. However, its use in closed wound sternotomy post cardiac surgery in high-risk patients has become increasingly popular. The potential preventive benefit of reducing sternal wound infections has been recently acknowledged. Bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) grafts are used in coronary artery bypass grafting but have been associated with an increased risk of sternal wound infections (SWIs).
OBJECTIVES: This systematic analysis examines whether NPWT can reduce the incidence of SWI following BIMA grafts, leading to more patients benefiting from the better survival outcome associated with BIMA grafting.
METHOD: A comprehensive systematic search and meta-analysis were performed to identify studies on the use of NPWT in closed wound sternotomy. Ovid MEDLINE (in-process and other nonindexed citations and Ovid MEDLINE 1990 to present), Ovid EMBASE (1990 to present), and The Cochrane Library (Wiley), PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched from their inception to May 2022 using keywords and MeSH terms. Thirty-four articles from 1991 to May 2022 were selected.
RESULT: Three studies reported on the outcome of NPWT following BIMA grafting. The pooled analysis did not show any significant difference in the incidence of sternal wound infection between NPWT and standard dressing (RR 0.48 95% CI 0.17-1.37; P = 0.17) with substantial heterogeneity (I2 65%). Another seven studies were found comparing the outcome of SWI incidence of negative pressure closed wound therapy with conventional wound therapy in patients undergoing adult cardiac surgery. The pooled analysis showed that NPWT was associated with a low risk of SWIs compared to conventional dressing (RR 0.47 95% CI 0.36-0.59; P < 0.00001), with low heterogeneity (I2 1%).
CONCLUSION: The literature identified that NPWT significantly decreased the incidence of sternal wound complications when applied to sutured sternotomy incisions in high-risk patients, and in some cases, it eliminated the risk. However, the inadequate number of randomized controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of NPWT in BIMA grafting emphasizes the need for further, robust studies.
ADHD adolescents with a parent with bipolar disorder ("high-risk"). High-risk ADHD adolescents will be randomized to double-blind treatment with MAS-XR (n=60) or placebo (n=60). Following initiation of treatment, the ADHD adolescents will have regularly scheduled visits during which symptom and tolerability ratings will be performed.
This work is based on cognitive models of post-traumatic stress disorder involving cognitive biases as factors of development and maintenance of symptomatology. Indeed, in people exposed to a potentially traumatic event, it has been found that an early deterioration in cognitive functioning is a risk factor for developing post-traumatic stress disorders . Among these cognitive alterations, attentional biases toward threat are the most explored and research shows both facilitated engagement and difficulties in disengagement in front of threatening stimuli. In addition, while expecting for a negative event, there is changes in the perception of time . These processes can be explored on a behavioral level and in electroencephalography , in particular through the evoked related potentials following a stimulus. Among these evoked related potentials , the Late Positive Potential component reflects the attentional process, while the Contingent Negative Variation component and the α and β power reflects temporal perception.

As exposure to violent death can have a traumatic impact, our hypothesis is that people bereaved by violent death could present attentional biases, and that these biases would be prodromal of the onset of a psychiatric disorder (Post-traumatic stress disorders , depression afterwards). The objective of this study is to describe the presence of these biases through electrophysiological and behavioral measures in a sample of subjects bereaved by violent death.
A cosmetic composition for UV protection, which contains inorganic UV protector is provided to have persistent UVB-UVA protection effect without organic UV protector. A cosmetic composition for UV protection comprises a titanium dioxide and/or the zinc oxide as the inorganic UV protector and does not comprises organic UV protector. The cosmetic composition further comprises neopentyl glycol dehexanoate, cyclomethicone, and polyglyceryl-6 polyricinoleate. A inorganic UV protection base comprises 25-50 weight% of titanium dioxide, 20-45 weight% of neopentyl glycol dihexanoate, 20-45 weight% of cyclomethicone, 1-5 weight% of polyglyceryl-6 polyricinoleate. The composition is water-in-oil type. The composition is used in a form of solution, suspension, emulsion, paste, gel, cream, lotion, powder, soap, surfactant-containing cleansing, oil, powder type foundation, emulsion type foundation, wax type foundation or spray.
BACKGROUND: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease that can serve as a model to study vascular changes in response to inflammation, autoimmunity, and fibrotic remodeling. Although microvascular changes are the earliest histopathologic manifestation of SSc, the vascular pathophysiology remains poorly understood.
METHODS: We applied spatial proteomic approaches to deconvolute the heterogeneity of vascular cells at the single-cell level in situ and characterize cellular alterations of the vascular niches of patients with SSc. Skin biopsies of patients with SSc and control individuals were analyzed by imaging mass cytometry, yielding a total of 90 755 cells including 2987 endothelial cells and 4096 immune cells.
RESULTS: We identified 7 different subpopulations of blood vascular endothelial cells (VECs), 2 subpopulations of lymphatic endothelial cells, and 3 subpopulations of pericytes. A novel population of CD34+;αSMA+ (α-smooth muscle actin);CD31+ VECs was more common in SSc, whereas endothelial precursor cells were decreased. Co-detection by indexing and tyramide signal amplification confirmed these findings. The microenvironment of CD34+;αSMA+;CD31+ VECs was enriched for immune cells and myofibroblasts, and CD34+;αSMA+;CD31+ VECs expressed markers of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The density of CD34+;αSMA+;CD31+ VECs was associated with clinical progression of fibrosis in SSc.
CONCLUSIONS: Using spatial proteomics, we unraveled the heterogeneity of vascular cells in control individuals and patients with SSc. We identified CD34+;αSMA+;CD31+ VECs as a novel endothelial cell population that is increased in patients with SSc, expresses markers for endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and is located in close proximity to immune cells and myofibroblasts. CD34+;αSMA+;CD31+ VEC counts were associated with clinical outcomes of progressive fibrotic remodeling, thus providing a novel cellular correlate for the crosstalk of vasculopathy and fibrosis.
Upon completion on the waitlist time of 12 weeks, participants then are allocated to the treatment group. Participants are assessed by an independent occupational therapist (before and after intervention) and participate in 10 treatment sessions with a treating occupational therapist. Following the post-treatment assessment, participants have a third MRI scan.
BACKGROUND: One of the main side effects of radiation therapy to the head and neck region is altered taste sensation. This causes significant morbidity and has profound effects on the quality of life (QoL) of patients. While radiation-associated toxicities like xerostomia and dysphagia are part of large investigations, data on taste impairment is sparse. Small cohort sizes in the majority of studies and a variety of analysis methods limit our current understanding of the underlying processes. None of the studies published to date used a taste-specific QoL questionnaire with differentiation of the different taste qualities (e.g. sour, bitter). Furthermore, data regarding the correlation of taste impairment with radiation-associated change in saliva composition is currently not available. The aim of the TASTE study is to fill this gap. Based on the acquired data, a normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model for late radiation-associated taste impairment will be developed.
METHODS: In this prospective, observational multicenter study 150 head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy will be recruited and undergo repetitive (semi-) objective and subjective assessment of their taste, smell and salivary function (questionnaires, taste and smell assessment, saliva analysis). Primary endpoint will be patient-reported taste impairment 12 months post radiation therapy using a standardized questionnaire. Secondary endpoints will include taste impairment measured using taste strips at 12 months and 2 years post radiation therapy. Differences between subgroups (radiation side, chemotherapy, etc.) and changes over time will be assessed while adjusting for confounding factors (e.g. age, sex, smoking history).
DISCUSSION: This study sets out to further our understanding of taste impairment in patients undergoing radiation therapy to the head and neck region with the goal to prevent this common side effect in future patients. The results of the study may be used to evaluate taste-preserving radiotherapy for patients with head and neck cancer, which may significantly reduce the long-term burden in this patient cohort.
The recommended initial dose is 15 mg/kg/day, increasing at one week intervals by 5 to 10 mg/kg/day until seizures are controlled or side effects preclude further increases. The maximum recommended dosage is 60 mg/kg/day. If the total daily dose exceeds 250 mg, it should be given in divided doses.

A good correlation has not been established between daily dose, serum concentrations, and therapeutic effect. However, therapeutic valproate serum concentrations for most patients with absence seizures is considered to range from 50 to 100 mcg/mL. Some patients may be controlled with lower or higher serum concentrations (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).

As the valproic acid dosage is titrated upward, blood concentrations of phenobarbital and/or phenytoin may be affected (see PRECAUTIONS).

Antiepilepsy drugs should not be abruptly discontinued in patients in whom the drug is administered to prevent major seizures because of the strong possibility of precipitating status epilepticus with attendant hypoxia and threat to life.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arteries characterised by the accumulation of lipids and lipid-engorged cells in the artery wall. Early plaque growth is aggravated by the deposition of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in the wall and the subsequent immune response. High density lipoproteins (HDL) counterbalance the effects of LDL by accepting cholesterol from macrophages and removing it from the plaque. In this paper, we develop a free boundary multiphase model to investigate the effects of LDL and HDL on early plaque development. We examine how the rates of LDL and HDL deposition affect cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, and how this impacts cell death rates and emigration. We identify a region of LDL-HDL parameter space where plaque growth stabilises for low LDL and high HDL influxes, due to macrophage emigration and HDL clearance that counterbalances the influx of new cells and cholesterol. We explore how the efferocytic uptake of dead cells and the recruitment of new macrophages affect plaque development for a range of LDL and HDL influxes. Finally, we consider how changes in the LDL-HDL profile can change the course of plaque development. We show that changes towards lower LDL and higher HDL can slow plaque growth and even induce regression. We find that these changes have less effect on larger, more established plaques, and that temporary changes will only slow plaque growth in the short term.
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), crucial in regulating the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, significantly impacts liver pathophysiology. This article highlights the comprehensive effects of PDE4 on liver health and disease, and its potential as a therapeutic agent. PDE4's role in degrading cAMP disrupts intracellular signaling, increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). This contributes to liver inflammation in conditions such as hepatitis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Additionally, PDE4 is a key factor in liver fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Inhibiting PDE4 shows promise in reducing liver fibrosis by decreasing the activation of hepatic stellate cells, which is pivotal in fibrogenesis. PDE4 also influences hepatocyte apoptosis a common feature of liver diseases. PDE4 inhibitors protect against hepatocyte apoptosis by raising intracellular cAMP levels, thus activating anti-apoptotic pathways. This suggests potential in targeting PDE4 to prevent hepatocyte loss. Moreover, PDE4 regulates hepatic glucose production and lipid metabolism, essential for liver function. Altering cAMP levels through PDE4 affects enzymes in these metabolic pathways, making PDE4 a target for metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Since PDE4 plays a multifaceted role in liver pathophysiology, influencing PDE4's mechanisms in liver diseases could lead to novel therapeutic strategies. Still, extensive research is required to explore the molecular mechanisms and clinical potential of targeting PDE4 in liver pathologies.
CSV constitutes an important type of ischemic stroke due to a generalized hypo-perfusion of brain. Few treatment methods are available except some beneficial effect shown with nimodipine. The potential treatment effect of RIPC on protection of brain from cerebral small vessel disease has not been investigated. The investigators designed this randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial to examine (1) whether RIPC has a beneficial effect on brain lesions of CSV, and (2) whether RIPC can protect patients of CSV from cognitive deterioration. There are 2 arms in this trial: One arm is RIPC treatment, the other one is sham RIPC treatment. Brain lesions will be quantified by volumetric MRI, and Xe-CT will be used to evaluate cerebral blood perfusion. Cognitive function will be evaluated by mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
Berberine and palmatine are isoquinoline quaternary alkaloids derived from Chinese medicinal herbs. These alkaloids have shown promising synergy in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), indicating their potential in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Besides, the anti-inflammatory effects of berberine and palmatine have been widely reported, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that berberine and palmatine could induce calcium ion (Ca2+) influx via activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) in cultured microglial cells, possibly serving as its allosteric potential ligands. Furthermore, we examined the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of berberine and palmatine in the LPS-induced microglia, that significantly suppressed the production of TNF-α and iNOS. Notably, this suppression was reversed by co-treatment with a selective antagonist of α7 nAChR. Moreover, the alkaloid-induced microglial phagocytosis was shown to be mediated by the induction of Ca2+ influx through α7 nAChR and subsequent CaMKII-Rac1-dependent pathway. Additionally, the combination of berberine and palmatine, at low concentration, protected against the LPS-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in microglia. These findings indicate the potential of berberine and palmatine, either individually or in combination, in contributing to anti-AD drug development, which provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which natural products, such as plant alkaloids, exert their anti-AD effects.