anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological and molecular studies have demonstrated that dysplasia is a precancerous and/or neoplastic lesion with malignant potential. Further, it is subclassified into two grades: high-grade and low-grade dysplasia. High-grade dysplasia is a clinically significant lesion requiring resection or ablation. Low-grade dysplasia has a much lower risk of carcinoma; thus, it should be followed by endoscopic surveillance. Because squamous dysplasia may progress to squamous cell carcinoma, periodic endoscopy is useful to detect the lesion in patients with risk factors. Squamous dysplasia is diagnosed histopathologically by evaluating both cytologic and structural changes.
In Group B, TPC will be administered per standard of care. Patients randomized to TPC will receive single-agent IV chemotherapy, limited to choice of one of the following 7 agents: eribulin, ixabepilone, vinorelbine, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, docetaxel, or nab-paclitaxel.
In addition to usual care, the participants in the treatment group receive transcultural psychotherapy in the inclusion centers, which consists of 5 sessions every 7 weeks (W6, W13, W20, W27, and W34). During all the research process, participants from both groups continue their usual care provided by the referent medical team outside the inclusion center.
BACKGROUND: Esophageal melanosis (EM) is a rare condition characterized by melanin pigmentation in the esophageal mucosa. It is not well understood and has been documented in less than 100 cases worldwide.
CASE SUMMARY: We report two cases of African American patients who complained of significant weight loss (over 20 pounds in approximately six months) and abdominal pain during their first visit. The first case involves a 54-year female with a history of hepatic steatosis and polysubstance abuse, who also experiences nausea and vomiting. The second case is a 59-year-old male with hypertension and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), who was diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Both cases show benign melanocytes in the basal layer on the esophagus biopsy and are diagnosed as EM.
CONCLUSION: It is important to note that EM has been associated with malignancies such as carcinoma and melanoma. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial. Patients with EM, especially those with concurrent risk factors (e.g., GERD, smoking), should be carefully monitored for any signs of malignancy.
BACKGROUND: Infections, readmissions, and mortalities after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) are serious complications, and transfusions have been associated with increased complication rates following TJA. Certain populations, including women, Black patients, patients who have public insurance and older adults have higher risks of transfusion. Recently, there has been a decline in transfusion rates and a greater emphasis on equity in medicine. This study examined whether disparities in transfusion rates still exist and what variables influence rates over time.
METHODS: We used a health care system database to identify 5,435 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and 2,105 total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients from 2013 to 2021. Transfusion rates were 2.9 and 3.1% in the TKA and THA arthroplasty groups, respectively. White race represented 67.1 and 69.8% of the TKA and THA groups, respectively. Fisher exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare categorical and continuous variables. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to predict transfusion rates within 5 days of surgery and adjust for potential confounders.
RESULTS: Transfusion rates declined over time. However, Black patients had a higher rate of transfusion than White patients despite similar hemoglobin levels, 5.1 versus 1.8% (P < .001) in the TKA group and 4.1 versus 2.7% (P = .103) in the THA group. Following adjustment, the biggest factor associated with a higher transfusion risk in the TKA group was being Black (adjusted odds ratio = 2.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.55 to 3.13).
CONCLUSIONS: Transfusion rates for TJA patients are declining; however, Black patients continued to receive transfusions at higher rates in patients receiving TKA.
FIELD: medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: method involves application of 0.1-0.2% angiogenin solution on surface in the dose 1-4 ml/cm 2  every day for 3-7 days. Method ensures to accelerate regeneration of tissues that reduces time of patients treatment. Invention can be used for treatment of wounds and ulcerous damages. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment. 3 ex
The participants consisting of students from Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University Vocational School for Anesthesiology (N=29) were randomly divided into two groups with 15 (Conventional training group) and 14 (VR based training group) participants each. The members of the conventional group had to complete pretest at the beginning of the study. Afterwards they had to take part at an interactive classroom based lecture about ALS. The next step was the skills training with task trainers in order to teach them compression skills. Afterwards, the conventional group was divided into three blue code teams consisting of each 5 participants for the simulation session. Two independent instructors evaluated the video recordings in terms of technical and nontechnical skills. The final stage of the study were completing the post-test. The members of VR group had a similar study flow but they had to play with the VR based ALS serious game module instead of the theoretical lecture during the study flow. A survey about preference of VR based trainings was conducted for the members of the VR group. Mann Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test were used for statistical analysis of the two groups' performances in this study.
Critically ill patients require intravenous administration of fluids and drugs. This can be achieved via peripheral or central catheters. Each device is associated with both mechanical and infectious complications. Complications associated with central lines are judged to be more severe. Some patients actually require the insertion of a central line due to the venous toxicity of the drugs or to the necessity of making sure that the infusion is regularly administered (example: high dose catecholamine infusion). Some physicians believe that most Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients should have a central venous line inserted, whereas others feel that some patients may receive active drugs via a peripheral line in selected instances. No study prospectively compared the feasibility, merits and complications of the two possibilities (i.e., central or peripheral venous line). This study includes patients that can receive either a central or a peripheral line (see inclusion criteria): mainly patients receiving large amounts of fluid, moderate doses of catecholamines or of drugs that may cause venous injury. Patients are randomized to receive either a peripheral or a central venous catheter. Endpoints are the rate of mechanical complications (difficulty in inserting the line, need for repeat insertion attempts, occurrence of arterial puncture, occurrence of pneumothorax) and of infectious complications (local catheter infection or catheter-related bloodstream infection).
Hydromorphone Hydrochloride, a hydrogenated ketone of morphine, is an opioid agonist.

Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Injection, USP [high potency formulation (HPF)] is available as a sterile, aqueous solution in single-dose amber vials, for intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration. Each single-dose vial contains 10 mg/mL of hydromorphone hydrochloride with 0.2% sodium citrate and 0.2% citric acid added as a buffer to maintain a pH of between 3.5 and 5.5.

The chemical name of hydromorphone hydrochloride is 4,5α- epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one hydrochloride. The molecular weight is 321.8. Its molecular formula is C17H19NO3∙ HCl, and it has the following chemical structure:

Hydromorphone hydrochloride is a white or almost white crystalline powder that is freely soluble in water, very slightly soluble in ethanol (96%), and practically insoluble in methylene chloride.
All participants will be weighed. This group will receive a placebo (glucose) 1 hour prior to insertion of mini-screw implants.
Vaccine safety will be assessed in the period between 6 and 12 months after the 3rd vaccination in precursor Study 880801 based on diaries distributed to all subjects for documentation of SAEs or AESI. Females who became pregnant after the 3rd vaccination in Study 880801 will be followed until end of pregnancy.
BACKGROUND: The importance of obesity as a factor that increases the probability of migraine episodes is increasingly acknowledged. Thus, this study aimed to explore the potential correlation between central obesity and migraine, emphasizing the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as a key measure in assessing this relationship.
METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis included 13,344 individuals who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999-2004. To investigate the association associations between WHtR and migraine, we utilized refined multivariate logistic regression models, smoothing curve fitting methods, subpopulation analysis, and interactive testing.
RESULTS: Of the 13,344 participants, 2,764 (20.72%) had migraines. A significant positive correlation was observed between the WHtR and migraine incidence in both the partially adjusted model (3.08 [95% CI: 1.92-4.94]) and the crude model (1.95 [95% CI: 1.23-3.08]). The participants in the highest quartile of the WHtR had a 13% greater incidence of migraine than those in the lowest quartile [1.13(0.99,1.28)]. The interaction analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) in this relationship among the subgroups. Notably, the correlation between WHtR and migraine risk was not significant and negative in patients ≥60 years, indicating that obesity has a mitigating role in preventing migraine in this elderly population.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of migraine increased concomitantly with increased WHtR. However, central obesity has a protective effect against migraine occurrence in individuals ≥60 years. Thus, our findings underscore the importance of WHtR in migraine prevention and management strategies and highlight its potential as a critical biomarker for mitigating migraine incidence.
FIELD: microbiology. SUBSTANCE: pathogens were detected by sequence amplification of gene site DNA encoding M. bovis protein (size is 64 kDa). In polymerase chain reaction two primer pairs were used one of which flanks amplification site of other primer pair. The presence of pathogens in analyzed sample is proved by protein bands typical for both primer pairs on electrophoregram. Method shows specificity and provides detection of DNA amount that is equal the presence of less 10 pathogen cells. Analysis time is 4-5 hr. EFFECT: enhanced specificity and sensitivity of method, simplified procedure.
PURPOSE:To obtain the titled globulin containing albumin in a given amount based on the immunoglobulin and no flocculated immunoglobulin in high purity and yield, by treating a supernatant liquid separated from blood plasma with ethanol under specific conditions. CONSTITUTION:A supernatant liquid separated from blood plasma is treated with ethanol at 5.5-6.5 pH in 30-35% ethanolic concentration and 1.0-2.0% proteinic concentration at 0.08 ionic strength to give a supernatant liquid containing albumin and a precipitate of immunoglobulin containing 15-20%, based on the immunoglobulin, albumin. Distilled water is added to the resultant precipitate, and ethanol is then added to the formed dispersion to give 10-16% ethanolic concentration, and the formed precipitate is removed by the centrifugation to afford a supernatant liquid. Ethanol is then added to the resultant supernatant liquid to give 20-25% ethanol concentration and remove the formed precipitate. The pH is further adjusted to 4.5-5.0, and the ethanolic concentration is kept at 20-25%. The same procedures are repeated once more to increase the ionic strength to about 0.1, separate the precipitate and give the aimed immunoglobulin pharmaceutical for the intravenous injection.
Graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) is a major complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Gut is the most vulnerable target organ of acute GVHD. Patients who develope the acute gut GVHD and do not respond to the first line therapy with steroids have a high mortality. The investigation of safe and effective second line therapy for these patients are in need. The study evaluates safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the treatment of streoid resistant GVHD of the gut. Stool for FMT will be prepared from the healthy donor.This strategy might offer a safe and effective therapeutic approach for these acute steroid resistant gut GVHD patients.
BACKGROUND: The depressed volume of the forehead and temple is resolved by filler injection. However, the current method has the potential to cause pain and side effects in patients, depending on the skill of the clinician. Therefore, this study proposes a new method for safer and simpler injection using only one injection entry point.
METHODS: Using the novel injection method, the filler was injected into the forehead and temple regions in three unembalmed cadavers and two healthy Korean volunteers. The cannula and filler locations were identified using dissection, ultrasonography, and three-dimensional (3D) scanning.
RESULTS: Ultrasonographic images and dissection results showed that the filler injected into the cadavers was in the target layer. The cannula and filler were located on the layer as the supraperiosteal layer on the forehead and the supra deep temporal fascia layer in the temple. Finally, 3D scanning images showed that the filler was injected precisely and effectively into the forehead and temples of the volunteer who underwent the procedure.
CONCLUSIONS: This method can reduce pain and minimize externally visible wounds caused by injections. The injected filler was naturally connected from the forehead to the temple and maintained for around 3 months. Additionally, it is possible to inject fillers into the forehead and temple at a constant and safe depth without requiring specific skills. It is expected that this method will become a universal method because it minimizes the burden on both patients and clinicians.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the findings of CT scans in patients with pathologically confirmed primary colorectal squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC). The clinical presentation and CT findings in eight patients with pathologically confirmed primary colorectal squamous-cell carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed by two gastrointestinal radiologists. Hematochezia was the most common symptom (n = 5). The tumors were located in the rectum (n = 7) and sigmoid colon (n = 1). The tumors showed circumferential wall thickening (n = 4), bulky mass (n = 3), or eccentric wall thickening (n = 1). The mean maximal wall thickness of the involved segment was 29.1 mm ± 13.4 mm. The degree of tumoral enhancement observed via CT was well enhanced (n = 4) or moderately enhanced (n = 4). Necrosis within the tumor was found in five patients. The mean total number of metastatic lymph nodes was 3.1 ± 3.3, and the mean short diameter of the largest metastatic lymph node was 16.6 ± 5.7 mm. Necrosis within the metastatic node was observed in six patients. Invasions to adjacent organs were identified in five patients (62.5%). Distant metastasis was detected in only one patient. In summary, primary SCCs that arise from the colorectum commonly present as marked invasive wall thickening or a bulky mass with heterogeneous well-defined enhancement, internal necrosis, and large metastatic lymphadenopathies.
An article of manufacture for providing a CO 2  monitoring smart facemask assembly according to the present invention includes_a CO 2  sensor component having a CO 2  sensor, a serial data connection, and a power connection, a set of connecting wires, and_a controller unit coupled to the CO 2  sensor component by the set of connecting wires. The controller unit includes a programmable microcontroller, the programmable microcontroller receives a measure of a current CO2 value from the CO 2  sensor component, a battery, one or more visual alarm devices; and_an auditory alarm device and an alarm reset button  207 . The microcontroller activates the one or more visual alarm devices and the auditory alarm devices when the current CO 2  value is greater than a pre-defined threshold. This warning will ensure safety of the user and an option to shut the alarm off, thereby after the warning has been acknowledged. The one or more visual alarm devices include one or more LEDs and a display device. The display device shows an alpha-numeric representation of the current CO 2  value measured by the CO 2  sensor component.
An estimated 70% of critically ill patients receive antibiotics, most frequently beta-lactams. The pharmacokinetic properties of these substances in this patient population are poorly predictable. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is helpful in making personalized decisions in this field, but its overall impact as a clinical decision-supporting tool is debated. We aimed to evaluate the clinical implications of adjusting beta-lactam dosages based on TDM in the critically ill population by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of available investigations. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies were retrieved by searching three major databases. The intervention group received TDM-guided beta-lactam treatment, that is, at least one dose reconsideration based on the result of the measurement of drug concentrations, while TDM-unadjusted dosing was employed in the comparison group. The outcomes were evaluated using forest plots with random-effects modeling and subgroup analysis. Eight eligible studies were identified, including 1044 patients in total. TDM-guided beta-lactam treatment was associated with improved clinical cure from infection [odds ratio (OR): 2.22 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78-2.76)] and microbiological eradication [OR: 1.72 (CI: 1.05-2.80)], as well as a lower probability of treatment failure [OR: 0.47 (CI: 0.36-0.62)], but the heterogeneity of studies was remarkably high, especially in terms of mortality (70%). The risk of bias was moderate. While the TDM-guided administration of beta-lactams to critically ill patients has a favorable impact, standardized study designs and larger sample sizes are required for developing evidence-based protocols in this field.
The disclosure provides a medicinal composition for treating diabetes and dyslipidemia obtained from the extract of  Costus pictus  D. Don. The extract of  Costus pictus  D. Don includes hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonol mono-, di- and triglycosides along with small amounts of free flavonols. The extract of  Costus pictus  D. Don has low levels of oxalic acid and/or oxalates. The hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives include caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid and flavonol mono-, di- and triglycosides which include quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin with sugars glucose, galactose and rhamnose. Disclosure also provides a method of preparing the extract of  Costus pictus  D. Don of the same. The disclosure also provides a method of treating mammals including human beings for medical conditions such as diabetes; dyslipidemia and related conditions; for increasing anti oxidant potential; for the regeneration of pancreatic beta cells and increasing the insulin secretogogue effect.
When it is time for the epidural catheter, the mother will receive 2.5 mcg fentanyl spinally and then a bag of combined spinal epidural anesthetic through the epidural pump. When additional pain medication is requested, the mother will receive a known combined spinal epidural solution.
Rationale: High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is characterized by excessive pulmonary vasoconstriction and is associated with decreased concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in the lung. Objectives: We hypothesized that individuals susceptible to HAPE (HAPE-S) would also have dysfunction of the vascular NO vasodilator pathway during hypoxia in the systemic vasculature. Methods: During normoxia (FI(O(2)) = 0.21) and 4 hours of normobaric hypoxia (FI(O(2)) = 0.12, corresponding to an altitude of 4,500 m above sea level) endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilator responses to intraarterial infusion of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside, respectively, were measured by forearm venous occlusion plethysmography in nine HAPE-S subjects and in nine HAPE-resistant control subjects. Main Results: Pulmonary artery systolic pressure increased from 22 +/- 3 to 33 +/- 6 mm Hg (p \< 0.001) during hypoxia in control subjects, and from 25 +/- 4 to 50 +/- 9 mm Hg in HAPE-S subjects (p \< 0.001). Despite similar responses during normoxia in both groups, ACh-induced changes in forearm blood flow markedly decreased during hypoxia in HAPE-S subjects (p = 0.01) but not in control subjects. The attenuated vascular response to ACh infusion during hypoxia inversely correlated with increased pulmonary artery systolic pressure (p = 0.04) and decreased plasma nitrite correlated with attenuated ACh-induced vasodilation in HAPE-S subjects (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Hypoxia markedly impairs vascular endothelial function in the systemic circulation in HAPE-S subjects due to a decreased bioavailability of NO. Impairment of the NO pathway could contribute to the enhanced hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction that is central to the pathogenesis of HAPE.
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the first treatment for complex renal and/or ureteral calculi. This paper presents a case of hemorrhagic shock resulting from diaphragm injury due to PCNL, which has not been reported so far.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 55-year-old Asian woman presented with a 2 × 2 cm calculus located in the upper calyx of the right kidney. After her uncomplicated PCNL operation, the patient's blood pressure decreased to less than 90/60 mmHg, and her hemoglobin level dropped from 128 g/L to 76 g/L. Physical examination and bedside ultrasound indicated a small amount of pleural effusion. Subsequently, a diagnostic puncture of the chest cavity was performed and revealed the presence of fresh blood. Therefore, thoracic closed drainage was conducted, and 950 mL of fresh blood was drained through a drainage tube. Intraoperatively, observation showed that the nephrostomy tube had penetrated the kidney through the diaphragm. The nephrostomy tube was subsequently removed, and the diaphragm was repaired.
CONCLUSIONS: Hemorrhagic shock due to diaphragm injury is an unusual complication after PCNL. This complication should be considered if pleural effusion is present and if blood pressure progressively drops with no other obvious explanation. The recommended treatments include diagnostic thoracentesis and thoracic exploration.