anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVES: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has a cardiovascular protective effect by preventing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation. However, it is unclear at what point the agent should be administered to achieve the optimal effect. In this study, we aimed to determine whether administering the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide during the earlier stages would more efficiently inhibit AAA progression in mice.
METHODS: Depending on the group, mice were given a daily dose of 300 μg/kg liraglutide for 28 days at 7, 14, and 28 days after aneurysm induction. The morphology of the abdominal aorta was monitored using 7.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the administration of liraglutide. After 28 days of administration, the AAA dilatation ratio was calculated, and histopathological examination was performed. Oxidative stress levels were evaluated by the expression of malondialdehyde (MDA) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The inflammatory response was also evaluated.
RESULTS: Liraglutide treatment led to a decrease in AAA formation, including a reduction in abdominal aorta expansion, elastin degradation in the elastic laminae, and vascular inflammation caused by leukocyte infiltration. The expression of MDA and the activity of MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-9) also decreased. Notably, administering liraglutide during the early stages resulted in a significant reduction in the dilatation rate of the aortic wall, as well as in MDA expression, leukocyte infiltration, and MMP activity in the vascular wall.
CONCLUSIONS: The GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide was found to inhibit AAA progression in mice by exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, particularly during the early stages of AAA formation. Therefore, liraglutide may represent a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of AAA.
Cases of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) have been observed with OFEV treatment. In the clinical trials and postmarketing period, non-serious and serious cases of DILI were reported. Cases of severe liver injury with fatal outcome have been reported in the postmarketing period. The majority of hepatic events occur within the first three months of treatment. In clinical trials, administration of OFEV was associated with elevations of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALKP, GGT) and bilirubin. Liver enzyme and bilirubin increases were reversible with dose modification or interruption in the majority of cases. In IPF studies (Study 1, Study 2, and Study 3), the majority (94%) of patients with ALT and/or AST elevations had elevations less than 5 times ULN and the majority (95%) of patients with bilirubin elevations had elevations less than 2 times ULN. In the chronic fibrosing ILDs with a progressive phenotype study (Study 5), the majority (95%) of patients with ALT and/or AST elevations had elevations less than 5 times ULN and the majority (94%) of patients with bilirubin elevations had elevations less than 2 times ULN. In the SSc-ILD study (Study 4), a maximum ALT and/or AST greater than or equal to 3 times ULN was observed for 4.9% of patients in the OFEV group and for 0.7% of patients in the placebo group [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Patients with a low body weight (less than 65 kg), Asian, and female patients may have a higher risk of elevations in liver enzymes. Nintedanib exposure increased with patient age, which may also result in a higher risk of increased liver enzymes [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Conduct liver function tests (ALT, AST, and bilirubin) prior to initiation of treatment with OFEV, at regular intervals during the first three months of treatment, and periodically thereafter or as clinically indicated. Measure liver tests promptly in patients who report symptoms that may indicate liver injury, including fatigue, anorexia, right upper abdominal discomfort, dark urine or jaundice. Dosage modifications or interruption may be necessary for liver enzyme elevations [see Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.4)].
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a hair dye composition excellent in hair-dyeing properties, safety and convenience by including an extract of a plant belonging to Pterocarpus of Leguminosae. SOLUTION: This hair dye composition includes 0.01-20wt.%, preferably 0.2-5wt.% extract of a plant belonging to Pterocarpus of Leguminosae. At least one kind selected from P. santalinus, P. macrocarpus and P. soyauxii is used as the plant belonging to the Pterocarpus, and the P. santalinus is preferable from hair-dyeing power. The extract is the separated and purified extract from an extracted essence or an extracted liquid. The extracted essence is obtained by performing a solvent extraction of the dried or pulverized plant, and the extracted liquid is used as it is, or by preparing a diluted agent, a concentrated extract, a dried powdery material or a pasty material. The hair dye composition provide no stimulation to skin or hair and is excellent in safety.
Subjects will provide written informed consent for study participation and then undergo appropriate screening. Subjects who meet the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either before meal group or after meal group. Subjects will be stratified into two groups according to Los Angeles classification grades (LA grades) A/B or C/D, as determined by upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Subjects will visit the site at Week 2 for endoscopic assessment. Subjects whose mucosal breaks have completely healed will be prematurely withdrawn and considered to have reached end of treatment. Subjects whose mucosal breaks have not healed will continue to receive IPs for an additional 2 weeks and will visit the site for endoscopic assessment at Week 4.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment of gastric ulcer, capable of being readily administered without manifesting side effect such as sleepiness and drug hypersensitivity reaction by including an extract of a chicken and/or an extract of an oyster. SOLUTION: The objective pharmaceutical composition contains (A) an extract of a chicken and/or (B) an extract of an oyster. Blood is removed from a body part of the Japanese produced chicken so-called 'aboriginal hen', and the body part with the removed blood is pulverized. The pulverized body part is extracted by a double boiled method to provide (i) a chicken extract. An oil component ad cholesterol are removed from the chicken extract (i) and the resultant chicken extract (i) is condensed to provide (ii) a condensed chicken extract. Sterilized water is added to the condensed chicken extract (ii), and sugar content is regulated. The sugar content-regulated product is freeze-dried to provide (iii) a chicken extract powder. The components (i), (ii) and (iii) can be used as the component A.  (iv) A water-soluble extract obtained by treating Crassostrea gigas with an enzyme is condensed to provide (v) a condensed extract, and the condensed extract (v) is dried to provide (vi) an oyster extract powder. The components (iv), (v) and (vi) can be used as the component B.
Because of the risk to the fetus of decreased IQ, neurodevelopmental disorders, and major congenital malformations (including neural tube defects), which may occur very early in pregnancy, valproate should not be administered to a woman of childbearing potential unless other medications have failed to provide adequate symptom control or are otherwise unacceptable. This is especially important when valproate use is considered for a condition not usually associated with permanent injury or death such as prophylaxis of migraine headaches [see Contraindications (4)]. Women should use effective contraception while using valproate.

Women of childbearing potential should be counseled regularly regarding the relative risks and benefits of valproate use during pregnancy. This is especially important for women planning a pregnancy and for girls at the onset of puberty; alternative therapeutic options should be considered for these patients [see Boxed Warning and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

To prevent major seizures, valproate should not be discontinued abruptly, as this can precipitate status epilepticus with resulting maternal and fetal hypoxia and threat to life.

Evidence suggests that folic acid supplementation prior to conception and during the first trimester of pregnancy decreases the risk for congenital neural tube defects in the general population. It is not known whether the risk of neural tube defects or decreased IQ in the offspring of women receiving valproate is reduced by folic acid supplementation. Dietary folic acid supplementation both prior to conception and during pregnancy should be routinely recommended for patients using valproate.
Intra-articular injection of 3 ml aquamid reconstruction (AR) to the knee. A second injection of 3 ml will take place after 1 month (+/- 2 weeks).
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing multiple myeloma (MM). The molecular mechanisms causing this association is complex and incompletely understood. Whether obesity affects bone marrow immune cell composition in multiple myeloma is not characterized. Here, we examined the effect of diet-induced obesity on bone marrow immune cell composition and tumor growth in a Vk*MYC (Vk12653) transplant model of multiple myeloma. We find that diet-induced obesity promoted tumor growth in the bone marrow and spleen and reduced the relative number of T and B cells in the bone marrow. Our results suggest that obesity may reduce MM immune surveillance and thus may contribute to increased risk of developing MM.
This study examines the possibility that abnormal expression of the gene mitoferrin-1, which codes for the protein that transports iron in the mitochondria of cells, is a contributing factor to the phenotype in individuals with EPP.

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a human genetic/metabolic disorder in which accumulation of the compound protoporphyrin causes skin sensitivity to sunlight. Some individuals with the disorder also have mild anemia, and a few have hepatobiliary disease. Iron is joined to protoporphyrin to form heme in the mitochondria of cells, under control of the enzyme ferrochelatase. Defects in this process cause the accumulation of protoporphyrin, leading to the biochemical and clinical features of EPP. Abnormalities in the ferrochelatase gene are the major cause of the defect, but do not satisfactorily explain the severity of the phenotype in all subjects. Mitoferrin-1 transports iron to ferrochelatase in the mitochondria of cells for heme formation, and also transports iron for the formation of a compound that keeps ferrochelatase active and stable. Thus, a deficiency of this iron transporter could reduce ferrochelatase activity and contribute to the phenotype in EPP.
The present invention relates to biochemical fields, and in particular to a kind of injection human growth hormone recombinant aseptic powdery and preparation method thereof.Injection human growth hormone recombinant's aseptic powdery includes following components in parts by weight：1.5 2 parts of human growth hormone recombinant, 35 75 parts of excipient, 0.5 5 parts of antioxidant, 0.05 0.5 parts of surfactant, 0.4 0.6 parts of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 0.3 parts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate；Preparation method includes：A. it weighs：The auxiliary material of above-mentioned parts by weight is weighed respectively；B. it dissolves：Each auxiliary material mixes after individually dissolving, and the human growth hormone recombinant of above-mentioned parts by weight, constant volume is added；C. it filters；D. filling：Filtered solution is filled into bottle；E. it is lyophilized：By bottle canned step D through pre-freeze, vacuumize, lyophilization and parsing-desiccation are lyophilized；F. lid is rolled.Injection human growth hormone recombinant's aseptic powdery, appearance is good, compact structure is uniform, stability and activity are good, and during transport and use, product quality is unaffected, and keeping life is long.
PURPOSE:To perform automatically immunoassay in short time with high sensitivity by a method for immobilizing an antibody to a film-like carrier for electrophoresis, bonding the antigen in a sample to be measured with the immobilized antibody, and then electrophoresing a labeled antibody and bringing the same into reaction with the immobilized antigen. CONSTITUTION:A reactive film 1 which is a porous cellulose acetate film, polyacrylamide gel film, etc. and is immobilized with an antibody is held by, for example, a glass ball joint 2. The top and bottom surfaces of the film 1 are communicated with electrolytic cells 3, 5 contg. tris glycine buffer solns. as respective electrolyte 4, 6. A soln. smaple to be measured is then injected to the upper part of the film 1 and is subjected to electrophoresis and thereafter a labeled antibody is injected onto the film 1 and is subjected to electrophoresis. The film 1 is removed thereafter and the labeling activity bound to the film 1 is measured. The measured activity is compared with the standard curve obtd. by using preliminariy the known amt. of the antigen, by which the concn. of the antigen in the sample is known. The immunoassay is thus accomplished easily in short time.
BACKGROUND: Anemia is common in the preoperative setting and associated with increased postoperative complications and mortality. However, it is unclear if preoperative anemia optimization reduces postoperative complications. We aimed to assess the association between preoperative anemia optimization and a composite endpoint of major cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary complications and all-cause mortality within 30 days after noncardiac surgery in adult patients.
METHODS: In this retrospective analysis preoperative anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentration below 12.0 g.dl-1 in women and 13.0 g.dl-1 in men within 6 months before surgery. A propensity score-based generalized estimating equation analysis was used to determine the association between preoperative anemia optimization and the primary outcome. Moreover, mediation analysis was conducted to investigate whether intraoperative red blood cell transfusion or duration of intraoperative hypotension were mediators of the relation between anemia optimization and the primary outcome.
RESULTS: Fifty-seven hundred anemia optimized, and 8721 non-optimized patients met study criteria. The proportion of patients having any component of the composite of major complications and all-cause mortality was 21.5% in the anemia-optimized versus 18.0% in the non-optimized, with confounder-adjusted odds ratio estimate of 0.99 (95% CI 0.86‒1.15) for anemia optimization versus non-optimization, p = 0.90. Intraoperative red blood cell transfusion had a minor mediation effect on the relationship between preoperative anemia optimization and the primary outcome, whereas duration of intraoperative hypotension was not found to be a mediator.
CONCLUSION: Preoperative anemia optimization did not appear to be associated with a composite outcome of major in-hospital postoperative cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary complications and all-cause in-hospital mortality.
The objective of the study is to determine the effects of aquatic exercises verses core strengthening on disability, flexibility and postural stability in weightlifters with chronic low back pain. The study is randomized and single blinded. Ethical approval is taken from ethical committee of Riphah international university Lahore. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be enrolled and allocated in group A and group B through sealed envelope method by non probability convenient random sampling technique. subjects in group A will receive Aquatic exercises. Group B will receive Core strengthening. The outcome measures will be assessed by modified Oswestry Low back disability index , Modified finger_tip to floor method and New York Posture Rating Chart. The data will be analyzed by SPSS, Version 25. Statistical significance is P=0.05.
Objectives: In recent years, there has been a growing amount of evidence tying Essential Tremor (ET) to cerebellar dysfunction. This has been clinically observed, demonstrated through specific gait measures of ataxia (often involving tandem gait), and confirmed through Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Deep Brain stimulation for ET has become a widely utilized therapeutic intervention for patients, and the bilateral thalamic ventralis intermedius (VIM) is most commonly implanted. However, it has been noted that in some patients gait ataxia significantly worsens post-op. This initially was thought to be a result of disease progression, but recent studies have in fact shown that this is a DBS related phenomenon.

Methods: Participants will have two visits to either the Portland VA or Oregon Health \& Science University (OHSU). At each visit, several assessments of balance, tremor, gait and balance, and DBS settings will be made. The gait and balance assessments will be performed by a unblinded and a blinded rater.
Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy (SABR) given in 5 weekly fractions. Simultaneously treating the pelvic lymph nodes, prostate and MRI-nodule to a total dose of 25 Gy, 35 Gy and up to 50 Gy, respectively. The radiation will be given with 6-18 months of ADT.
BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic headache (PTH) is a common and debilitating symptom following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI), and it mainly resembles a migraine-like phenotype. While modulation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is effective in treating TBI and various types of pain including migraine, the role of augmentation of endocannabinoids in treating PTH has not been investigated.
METHODS: Repetitive mild TBI was induced in male C57BL/6J mice using the non-invasive close-head impact model of engineered rotational acceleration (CHIMERA). Periorbital allodynia was assessed using von Frey filaments and determined by the "Up-Down" method. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to investigate glial cell activation and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) of the rmTBI mice. Levels of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), and arachidonic acid (AA) in the TG, medulla (including TNC), and periaqueductal gray (PAG) were measured by mass spectrometry. The therapeutic effect of endocannabinoid modulation on PTH was also assessed.
RESULTS: The rmTBI mice exhibited significantly increased cephalic pain hypersensitivity compared to the sham controls. MJN110, a potent and selective inhibitor of the 2-AG hydrolytic enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), dose-dependently attenuated periorbital allodynia in the rmTBI animals. Administration of CGRP at 0.01 mg/kg reinstated periorbital allodynia in the rmTBI animals on days 33 and 45 post-injury but had no effect in the sham and MJN110 treatment groups. Activation of glial cells along with increased production of CGRP in the TG and TNC at 7 and 14 days post-rmTBI were attenuated by MJN110 treatment. The anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of MJN110 were partially mediated by cannabinoid receptor activation, and the pain-suppressive effect of MJN110 was completely blocked by co-administration of DO34, an inhibitor of 2-AG synthase. The levels of 2-AG in TG, TNC and PAG were decreased in TBI animals, significantly elevated and further reduced by the selective inhibitors of 2-AG hydrolytic and synthetic enzymes, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Enhancing endogenous levels of 2-AG appears to be an effective strategy for the treatment of PTH by attenuating pain initiation and transmission in the trigeminal pathway and facilitating descending pain inhibitory modulation.
We will have a prospective randomized study. We allocated 87 consecutive patients referred for tonsillectomy randomly in two groups: tonsilectomy group or waiting list(control group). Patients in tonsillectomy group were operated as soon as possible and data on postoperative morbidity was collected. In the control group, patients were placed on our normal waiting list and they were operated on in normal time (about 5-6 months). The data on preoperative morbidity was collected. All the pharyngitis episodes were treated by a study investigator and laboratory tests (crp, procalcitonin) were taken at that time and after three days. In addition, the patients record their symptoms on a diary.
BACKGROUND: Manual tactile stimulation is used to counteract apnea in preterm infants, but it is unknown when this intervention should be applied. We compared an anticipatory to a reactive approach using vibrotactile stimulation to prevent hypoxia induced apneas.
METHODS: Preterm rabbit kittens were prematurely delivered and randomized to either group. All kittens breathed spontaneously with a positive airway pressure of 8 cmH2O while they were imaged using phase contrast X-ray. Irregular breathing (IB) was induced using gradual hypoxia. The anticipatory group received stimulation at the onset of IB and the reactive group if IB transitioned into apnea. Breathing rate (BR), heart rate (HR) and functional residual capacity (FRC) were compared.
RESULTS: Anticipatory stimulation significantly reduced apnea incidence and maximum inter-breath intervals and increased BR following IB, compared to reactive stimulation. Recovery in BR but not HR was more likely with anticipatory stimulation, although both BR and HR were significantly higher at 120 s after stimulation onset. FRC values and variability were not different.
CONCLUSIONS: Anticipated vibrotactile stimulation is more effective in preventing apnea and enhancing breathing when compared to reactive stimulation in preterm rabbits. Stimulation timing is likely to be a key factor in reducing the incidence and duration of apnea.
IMPACT: Anticipated vibrotactile stimulation can prevent apnea and stimulate breathing effort in preterm rabbits. Anticipated vibrotactile stimulation increases the likelihood of breathing rate recovery following hypoxia induced irregular breathing, when compared to reactive stimulation. Automated stimulation in combination with predictive algorithms may improve the treatment of apnea in preterm infants.
Two theories offer possible explanations for the early decline of viral loads seen in acute HIV infection. The first is that CD4 target cell numbers are depleted, so the reduction in permissive target cells limits viral replication. A second is that the host develops an HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune response that limits viral replication during the initial high viral titer. Consequently, enhanced clearance of HIV-infected cells results in a decline of plasma HIV RNA. This study examines the latter theory by characterizing viral and immune dynamics in the blood and lymph nodes of HIV-infected patients.

Cohort I (HIV-negative volunteers): At study entry a medical history and physical exam is performed, and volunteers complete a questionnaire. Blood samples are drawn weekly until Week 12, then at Weeks 14, 16, 20, and 24. Volunteers are followed for 24 weeks. Volunteers are offered the opportunity to participate in a lymphoid tissue substudy, which involves one to four sequential gut-associated lymphoid biopsies. Compensation for travel and for the inconvenience of study participation is provided.

Cohort II: At study entry a patient history and physical exam is performed, and volunteers complete a questionnaire. Volunteers with a rising plasma HIV RNA during the first three visits will have frequent sampling of blood and physical exams for two years. Volunteers continue to be followed thereafter once every 6 months through 5 years of study duration. Volunteers are offered the opportunity to participate in a lymphoid tissue substudy and/or the lymphoid kinetics substudy. These substudies require hospitalizations of 24 hours or less for tissue biopsies and glucose infusion. Compensation for travel and for the inconvenience of study participation is provided