anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Autophagy and Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) can be regarded as the safe keepers of cells exposed to intense stress. Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis, ensuring the removal of foreign particles and misfolded macromolecules from the cytoplasm and facilitating the return of the building blocks into the system. On the other hand, UPR serves as a shock response to prolonged stress, especially Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS), which also includes the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. Since one of the many effects of viral infection on the host cell machinery is the hijacking of the host translational system, which leaves in its wake a plethora of misfolded proteins in the ER, it is perhaps not surprising that UPR and autophagy are common occurrences in infected cells, tissues, and patient samples. In this book chapter, we try to emphasize how UPR, and autophagy are significant in infections caused by six major oncolytic viruses-Epstein-Barr (EBV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV-1), and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). Here, we document how whole-virus infection or overexpression of individual viral proteins in vitro and in vivo models can regulate the different branches of UPR and the various stages of macro autophagy. As is true with other viral infections, the relationship is complicated because the same virus (or the viral protein) exerts different effects on UPR and Autophagy. The nature of this response is determined by the cell types, or in some cases, the presence of diverse extracellular stimuli. The vice versa is equally valid, i.e., UPR and autophagy exhibit both anti-tumor and pro-tumor properties based on the cell type and other factors like concentrations of different metabolites. Thus, we have tried to coherently summarize the existing knowledge, the crux of which can hopefully be harnessed to design vaccines and therapies targeted at viral carcinogenesis.
BACKGROUND: Management of sedation, analgesia, and delirium influences morbidity, mortality, and quality of life in patients treated in intensive care. Assessing quality indicators as part of a quality management and assurance program is an established method to ensure process quality. Currently, there is limited research on the effect of evaluating quality indicators on economic outcomes. The aim of the study was to investigate the adherence to an indicator on management of sedation, analgesia and delirium, and explore potential effects on hospital economics and clinical outcomes.
METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed routine data from 20,220 patient records from the hospital information system of a tertiary university hospital, collected from January 2012 to December 2019. We compared two predefined subgroups with either high indicator adherence or low indicator adherence regarding factors like disease severity scores, comorbidities, and outcome measures. We used logistic regression models to examine the influence of quality indicator adherence on economic measures such as Diagnosis-related group (DRG) incomes, revenue margins, and costs, and clinical outcomes. Additionally, we used propensity score matching to probe our findings.
RESULTS: Overall revenue margins in this cohort were negative (-320€). High adherence to the quality indicator was associated with a positive revenue margin (+197€) compared to low adherence (-482€). Higher adherence was also associated with lower costs. Additionally, high adherence was associated with reduced mortality (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75-0.95) and reduced duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay (17 hours and 1 day respectively).
CONCLUSION: Higher adherence to a quality indicator for sedation, analgesia, and delirium management was associated with economic returns and costs. We also found an association with lower mortality and reduced length of stay. Further research on these associations may help identify opportunities for quality improvement without increased resource use.
Although integral to alleviating serious health-related suffering, global palliative care remains systemically and culturally inaccessible to many patients living in low- and middle-income countries. In the Philippines, a lower-middle income country in Southeast Asia of over 110 million people, up to 75% of patients with cancer suffer from inadequate pain relief. We reviewed factors that preclude access to basic palliative care services in the Philippines. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched thoroughly; search terms included but were not limited to "palliative care," "supportive care," "end-of-life care," and "Philippines." We found that a limited palliative care workforce, high out-of-pocket healthcare costs, and low opioid availability all hinder access to palliative care in the archipelago. Religious fatalism, strong family-orientedness, and physician reluctance to refer to palliative care providers represent contributory sociocultural factors. Efforts to improve palliative care accessibility in the country must address health systems barriers while encouraging clinicians to discuss end-of-life options in a timely manner that integrates patients' unique individual, familial, and spiritual values. Research is needed to elucidate how Filipinos-and other global populations-view end-of-life, and how palliative care strategies can be individualised accordingly.
Participants assigned to this intervention will be asked to engage in one brief (10-15 minute) online compassion-focused exercise, where they will be asked to connect to their inner compassionate self. They will be asked to stay connected to that feeling while rereading what they wrote about their feelings of shame and imagining it was someone else who wrote it. Participants will then be asked to write a compassionate response to themselves. Participants will then be asked to reread this response while remaining connected to their compassionate self.
An isolated bacterial strain of  Lactiplantibacillus plantarum  subsp.  plantarum  MFM 30-3 deposited under the DSMZ Accession No. DSM 34213 is provided; a probiotic composition including an  Lactiplantibacillus plantarum  subsp.  plantarum  MFM 30-3 and optionally, one or more additional probiotic organisms that enhance the probiotic activity of the  Lactiplantibacillus plantarum  subsp.  plantarum  MFM 30-3 is also provided; and a method for preventing or treating chronic kidney disease in a subject in need thereof including: administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of the probiotic composition including an isolated bacterial strain of  Lactiplantibacillus plantarum  subsp.  plantarum  MFM 30-3, and optionally, one or more additional probiotic organisms that enhance the probiotic activity of the  Lactiplantibacillus plantarum  subsp.  plantarum  MFM 30-3 is further provided.
There is no widely accepted biomarker to assess hepatic function after Liver Transplantation (LT). Factor V is a coagulation cofactor that is primarily produced by the liver. Factor V has a short half-life and its production does not depend on vitamin K, relying mainly on liver function. These singular characteristics make Factor V plasmatic levels strictly linked to liver function. Previous data has suggested a correlation between factor V levels and graft dysfunction. The investigators hypothesize that Factor V may predict graft dysfunction after LT, and become a reliable biomarker for hepatic function after LT. Therefore, the aim is to validate the use of Factor V as a predictor of graft dysfunction after LT. This is a single-center prospective validation study. Participants (patients undergoing LT at the University Health Network) will have plasmatic Factor V levels measured on postoperative days (POD) 1º, 2º, 3º, 5º and 7º. Participants will be followed up to 12 months. The study primary outcome will be early graft dysfunction as defined by Olthoff et al. Secondary outcomes will be 3-, 6- and 12-months graft and patient survival. Graft loss will be defined as need for retransplantation in the study period. Potential confounders will be assessed in a multivariate regression model. No other intervention will be done to the patients. The results of this study may validate the use of this biomarker for graft dysfunction and mortality after LT. These results will impact LT research and direct patient care.
Herbage such as cannabis flower having a thin coating including crystallized cannabinoids having an average diameter of less than 100 microns. The thin coating is in a ratio of no more than 1:10 on a weight to weight basis so that the total cannabinoid content of the herbage does not exceed 35% by weight. THCA crystals in the fonn of granules or powder to coat the herbage. In one embodiment, the herbage is heated to less than 100 degrees F to enable the coating to adhere.  The coating improves structural integrity of the herbage so it resists crushing when transported or stacked in a container or during storage. The coating inhibits deleterious interactions between the herbage and ambient air while achieving a standardized THCtotai content.
Only physicians experienced in immunosuppressive therapy and management of organ transplant patients should prescribe Sandimmune (cyclosporine). Patients receiving the drug should be managed in facilities equipped and staffed with adequate laboratory and supportive medical resources. The physician responsible for maintenance therapy should have complete information requisite for the follow-up of the patient.

Sandimmune (cyclosporine) should be administered with adrenal corticosteroids but not with other immunosuppressive agents. Increased susceptibility to infection and the possible development of lymphoma may result from immunosuppression.

Sandimmune Soft Gelatin Capsules (cyclosporine capsules, USP) and Sandimmune Oral Solution (cyclosporine oral solution, USP) have decreased bioavailability in comparison to Neoral Soft Gelatin Capsules (cyclosporine capsules, USP) MODIFIED and Neoral Oral Solution (cyclosporine oral solution, USP) MODIFIED.

Sandimmune and Neoral are not bioequivalent and cannot be used interchangeably without physician supervision.

The absorption of cyclosporine during chronic administration of Sandimmune Soft Gelatin Capsules and Oral Solution was found to be erratic. It is recommended that patients taking the soft gelatin capsules or oral solution over a period of time be monitored at repeated intervals for cyclosporine blood concentrations and subsequent dose adjustments be made in order to avoid toxicity due to high concentrations and possible organ rejection due to low absorption of cyclosporine. This is of special importance in liver transplants. Numerous assays are being developed to measure blood concentrations of cyclosporine. Comparison of concentrations in published literature to patient concentrations using current assays must be done with detailed knowledge of the assay methods employed (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, Blood Concentration Monitoring).
The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) intervention for prolonged grief was carefully structured into an 8-session manualized program, tailored to address the multifaceted nature of grief among university students. Initially, participants were introduced to the CBT model of grief, focusing on understanding the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in the context of their loss. Key components included identifying and challenging maladaptive thoughts related to the loss, employing gradual exposure to avoided situations, and developing coping strategies for managing intense emotions and fostering resilience. Special emphasis was placed on rebuilding meaningful life activities and social connections, acknowledging the loss while encouraging engagement with life's ongoing demands.
Background: It is essential to keep newborn infants and their parents together for the well-being of both. However, the families whose infants need admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are often separated. One of the solutions to reduce parent-infant separation is couplet care, where both mother and newborn infant receive their postpartum care in the same hospital room, even if the infant needs intensive care. However, currently only a few NICUs practice couplet care, and the scientific evidence to support implementing couplet care has been scarce. Since moving into the new hospital building in 2022, Turku University Hospital has provided "couplet care model" for all the mother-infant pairs admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. In addition, all NICU rooms have two adult beds to accommodate both parents.

Aims: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effects of couplet care model on parent and infant well-being. The primary outcome measure is parent-infant closeness, including 1) the time from the birth to the first skin-to-skin contact (SSC) and holding, 2) the duration of parents' presence in the NICU measured for 14 days during the first three weeks, and 3) the duration of SSC and holding measured for 14 days during the first three week after the birth. The secondary outcomes are parental postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms, parent-infant bonding, the parent-reported quality of family centered care, and breastfeeding success up to the 4 months of corrected age. In addition, factors influencing the realization of early SSC and parents' presence in the NICU are explored by interviews and questionnaires.

Methods: This is a quasi-experimental before and after intervention study taking place in a level III NICU in Turku University Hospital. The pre-intervention data was obtained from 30 families (and 40 infants) during the 2nd International Closeness Survey in 2018 and 2019. The couplet care model has been offered to all families in Turku University Hospital NICU since February 2022. The post-intervention data will be collected prospectively starting in December 2022. The families of preterm infants born before 35 weeks will be eligible for the study. The informed consent must be obtained within 6 days of life. The recruitment will continue until 30 families with a full set of data is recruited.

The duration of parental presence and the duration of SSC in the NICU will be measured using self-reported Parent-Infant Closeness Diary during a 14-day time period after recruitment in the study. Parental postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms, mother-to-infant bonding and parent-reported quality of family centered care will be assessed by self-report questionnaires (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, Japanese version of Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale, and modified DigiFCC, respectively). In addition, parents are asked to fill in a questionnaire about breastfeeding success. The factors influencing the practice of early skin-to-skin contact and parents´ presence in the NICU will be examined by semi-structured qualitive interviews.
Rotator cuff (RC) tear shows different symptoms or sometimes can progress asymptomatic. The most common symptoms associated with rotator cuff tears are loss of shoulder range of motion (ROM), shoulder pain exacerbated by overhead activities, nocturnal pain, shoulder dysfunction, and functional limitations. Conservative treatment is the first and most preferred procedure in the treatment of partial tears. Conservative treatment includes patient education, activity modifications, medication, and physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs. In the literature search, it is seen that the studies on the conservative treatment of partial RC tears often include open kinetic chain-weighted standard exercises and strengthening exercise types. It is seen that stabilization and proprioception-based neuromuscular control exercises of the shoulder, which have an important role in restoring neuromuscular control, which is reported to be impaired in shoulder pathologies, are included in some studies and these exercises are generally added to standard treatment. However, it is not known whether neuromuscular control exercises are more effective than other exercises in the standard rehabilitation programs as a result of the combined application of these exercises in this patient group. For this purpose, it is aimed to compare the treatment efficacy of a group consisting of neuromuscular control exercises for the shoulder and a group consisting of conventional exercises and to determine the place of neuromuscular control exercises in treatment.
BACKGROUND: Cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs) such as anti-PD-1 antibodies, has revolutionised cancer treatment, although response rates vary among patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that caerin 1.1 and 1.9, host-defence peptides from the Australian tree frog, enhance the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 and therapeutic vaccines in a murine TC-1 model by activating tumour-associated macrophages intratumorally.
METHODS: We employed a murine B16 melanoma model to investigate the therapeutic potential of caerin 1.1 and 1.9 in combination with anti-CD47 and a therapeutic vaccine (triple therapy, TT). Tumour growth of caerin-injected primary tumours and distant metastatic tumours was assessed, and survival analysis conducted. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of CD45+ cells isolated from distant tumours was performed to elucidate changes in the tumour microenvironment induced by TT.
RESULTS: The TT treatment significantly reduced tumour volumes on the treated side compared to untreated and control groups, with notable effects observed by Day 21. Survival analysis indicated extended survival in mice receiving TT, both on the treated and distant sides. scRNAseq revealed a notable expansion of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) and CD4+CD8+ T cells in the TT group. Tumour-associated macrophages in the TT group shifted toward a more immune-responsive M1 phenotype, with enhanced communication observed between cDC1s and CD8+ and CD4+CD25+ T cells. Additionally, TT downregulated M2-like macrophage marker genes, particularly in MHCIIhi and tissue-resident macrophages, suppressing Cd68 and Arg1 expression across all macrophage types. Differential gene expression analysis highlighted pathway alterations, including upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and MYC target V1 in Arg1hi macrophages, and activation of pro-inflammatory pathways in MHCIIhi and tissue-resident macrophages.
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that caerin 1.1 and 1.9, combined with immunotherapy, effectively modulate the tumour microenvironment in primary and secondary tumours, leading to reduced tumour growth and enhanced systemic immunity. Further investigation into these mechanisms could pave the way for improved combination therapies in advanced melanoma treatment.
Patients will be receiving a sciatic (popliteal), femoral, or interscalene nerve block and will be randomized to having the catheter placed 0-1cm past the needle tip. The patient will be called the following day by research staff to assess their post-surgical pain.
All of the COPD patients included in this study were stable with no episodes of exacerbation within the previous 2 months. Patients with COPD were not currently being treated with oral corticosteroids.
BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is highly prevalent among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Computed tomography (CT)-based assessment of low skeletal muscle index (SMI) is widely used for diagnosing sarcopenia. However, there are conflicting findings on the association between low SMI and overall survival (OS) in CRC patients. The objective of this study was to investigate whether CT-determined low SMI can serve as a valuable prognostic factor in CRC.
METHODS: We collected data from patients with CRC who underwent radical surgery at our institution between June 2020 and November 2021. The SMI at the third lumbar vertebra was calculated using CT scans, and the cutoff values for defining low SMI were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the associations between clinical characteristics and postoperative major complications.
RESULTS: A total of 464 patients were included in the study, 229 patients (46.7%) were classified as having low SMI. Patients with low SMI were older and had a lower body mass index (BMI), a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and higher nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS2002) scores compared to those with normal SMI. Furthermore, patients with sarcopenia had a higher rate of major complications (10.9% vs. 1.3%; p < 0.001) and longer length of stay (9.09 ± 4.86 days vs. 8.25 ± 3.12 days; p = 0.03). Low SMI and coronary heart disease were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative major complications. Moreover, CRC patients with low SMI had significantly worse OS. Furthermore, the combination of low SMI with older age or TNM stage II + III resulted in the worst OS in each subgroup analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: CT-determined low SMI is associated with poor prognosis in patients with CRC, especially when combined with older age or advanced TNM stage.
No clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions were observed when Diovan (valsartan) was coadministered with amlodipine, atenolol, cimetidine, digoxin, furosemide, glyburide, hydrochlorothiazide, or indomethacin. The valsartan-atenolol combination was more antihypertensive than either component, but it did not lower the heart rate more than atenolol alone.

Coadministration of valsartan and warfarin did not change the pharmacokinetics of valsartan or the time-course of the anticoagulant properties of warfarin.

CYP 450 Interactions: The enzyme(s) responsible for valsartan metabolism have not been identified but do not seem to be CYP 450 isozymes. The inhibitory or induction potential of valsartan on CYP 450 is also unknown.

Transporters: The results from an in vitro study with human liver tissue indicate that valsartan is a substrate of the hepatic uptake transporter OATP1B1 and the hepatic efflux transporter MRP2. Co-administration of inhibitors of the uptake transporter (rifampin, cyclosporine) or efflux transporter (ritonavir) may increase the systemic exposure to valsartan. 

As with other drugs that block angiotensin II or its effects, concomitant use of potassium sparing diuretics (e.g. spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride), potassium supplements, or salt substitutes containing potassium may lead to increases in serum potassium and in heart failure patients to increases in serum creatinine.

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents including Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors (COX-2 Inhibitors): In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (including those on diuretic therapy), or with compromised renal function, co-administration of NSAIDs, including selective COX-2 inhibitors, with angiotensin II receptor antagonists, including valsartan, may result in deterioration of renal function, including possible acute renal failure. These effects are usually reversible. Monitor renal function periodically in patients receiving valsartan and NSAID therapy.

The antihypertensive effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists, including valsartan may be attenuated by NSAIDs including selective COX-2 inhibitors.