anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Gastric cancer has been one of the most frequently common cancers and remains the third leading cause of death among malignant tumors all over the world. Surgery has always been considered as the most effective treatment. While significant surgical technique and perioperative management have dramatically improved the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer, patients with T4 stage or serosal-positive gastric cancer often suffer from recurrence as peritoneal dissemination, and the prognosis of those patients is extremely poor. Despite curatively resected, Peritoneal metastasis is completed by the implantation of peritoneal free cancer cells exfoliated from serosa-invasive tumors. Therefore, things need to be done to eliminate the free exfoliated cancer cells on the peritoneal lining in order to reduce the risk of peritoneal recurrence.

A multi-institutional prospective, randomized trial has been launched by Kuramoto recently. The trail was intended to demonstrate the superiority in overall survival of addition of Extensive Intraoperative peritoneal Lavage (EIPL) to standard treatment in patients with≥T3 carcinoma of stomach. Based on the'limiting dilution theory', after total or distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy, the peritoneal cavity is extensively rinsed 10 times with 1 L physiological saline at a time, followed by complete aspiration of the fluid. In total, 10 L saline is to be used. In this study, the EIPL-IPC group had a significantly lower incidence of peritoneal recurrence. Furthermore, the 5-year overall survival rate of the patients in the EIPL-IPC group (43.8%) was significantly better than that of the intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) group (4.6%) and the surgery-alone group (0%). All in all, EIPL is easy to carry out, safe and inexpensive. Therefore, gastrectomy with EIPL will be a new standard treatment of gastric cancer.

To ensure the quality of the study, two interim analyses will be planned at the half and the completion of the study respectively. The Data and Safety Monitoring Committee will independently review the interim analysis and stop the study ahead of schedule if necessary. Furthermore, to improve the study progress and quality, the in-house interim monitoring will be performed.
AIM: Whereas the prevalence of lymph node level (LNL) involvement in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OCSCC) has been reported, the details of lymphatic progression patterns are insufficiently quantified. We investigate how the risk of metastases in each LNL depends on the involvement of adjacent LNLs, T-category, subsite, primary tumor lateralization, and other risk factors.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with newly diagnosed OCSCC from two institutions, totaling 348 patients. Involvement of LNLs I-V was recorded individually based on pathology after neck dissection with clinicopathological factors. The dataset is publicly available in a previously developed web-app, which allows querying patients with specific combinations of co-involved LNLs and tumor characteristics.
RESULTS: Ipsilateral involvement prevalence of levels I-III was higher for advanced T-category (T3/T4) patients (32 %, 38 %, 14 %) compared to early (T1/T2) patients (14 %, 23 %, 11 %). Involvement of level I increased the involvement probability in levels II and III. Similarly, involvement of level II increased the involvement probability in levels I and III. However, there was significant isolated involvement of level I or II. Advanced nodal involvement (>1 LNL involved) was more frequent for patients with extracapsular extension. Overall contralateral involvement in levels I-III was 7 %, 4 %, 3 % and more frequent for more advanced ipsilateral involvement and for midline-crossing tumors. Involvement of levels IV and V was rare: 3 % ipsilateral and 1 % contralateral in both levels.
CONCLUSIONS: Detailed quantification of LNL involvement in OCSCC depending on involvement of adjacent LNLs and clinicopathological factors may allow further personalizing guidelines on elective nodal treatment.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide biodegradable shape memory polymer compositions and products thereof and to provide a method for preparing those and a method for using those.  <P>SOLUTION: In one embodiment, the compositions include at least one hard segment and at least one soft segment. The T<SB>trans</SB>of the hard segment is preferably between -30 and 270°C. At least one of the hard or soft segments can contain a cross-linkable group, and the segments can be linked by formation of an interpenetrating network or a semi-interpenetrating network, or by physical interactions of the segments. Objects can be formed into a given shape at a temperature above the T<SB>trans</SB>of the hard segment, and cooled to a temperature below the T<SB>trans</SB>of the soft segment and fixed.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) are the leading causes of graft loss in lung transplant recipients. The development of mouse lung transplant models has allowed for the genetic dissection of cellular and molecular pathways that prevent graft survival. This review provides an overview into recent mechanistic insights into PGD and CLAD.
RECENT FINDINGS: Mouse orthotopic lung transplant models and investigations of human lung transplant recipeints have revealed new molecular and cellular targets that promote PGD and CLAD. Donor and recipient-derived innate immune cells promote PGD and CLAD. PGD is driven by communication between classical monocytes and tissue-resident nonclassical monocytes activating alveolar macrophages to release chemokines that recruit neutrophils. Products of cell damage trigger neutrophil NET release, which together with NK cells, antibodies and complement, that further promote PGD. The development of CLAD involves circuits that activate B cells, CD8 + T cells, classical monocytes, and eosinophils.
SUMMARY: Effective targeted management of PGD and CLAD in lung transplant recipient to improve their long-term outcome remains a critical unmet need. Current mechanistic studies and therapeutic studies in mouse models and humans identify new possibilities for prevention and treatment.
PURPOSE:To obtain a stable humectant as a fraction having a specific molecular weight, by extracting an animal crude drug such as Eupolyphaga, etc. with a low polar organic solvent, extracting the residue with water to give an extracted solution, adding an alcohol to the extracted solution, removing formed precipitate, distilling away the solvent, redissolving the residue. CONSTITUTION:An animal crude drug group consisting of Eupolyphaga, Tabanus, and Hirudo is crushed, immersed and extracted in warm state with an organic solvent (e.g., benzene, or n-hexane) having almost low polarity, and a component to cause an offensive odor together with lipid, steroid, etc. is removed. The extracted residue is extracted with water or hot water, an alcohol is added to the extracted solution, which is adjusted to 60-80wt% alcohol concentration, formed precipitate is removed, and the solvent is distilled away. The prepared residue is redissolved in water, and a substance having <=1,000 molecular weight is collected by the use of molecular sieve. The humectant component has the same or more effect as that of urea which has been conventionally used widely, has no decomposition in a base at all, and causes no change in smell, no change in color, etc. at all.
The absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome contributes to ischemic brain injury by inducing cell pyroptosis and inflammatory responses. Our research group has previously demonstrated that ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels) openers can modulate neuronal synaptic plasticity post-ischemic stroke for neuroprotection. However, the specific mechanisms of KATP channels in the inflammatory response following ischemic stroke remain unclear. Here, we assessed cellular damage by observing changes in BV-2 morphology and viability. 2,3,5-Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, mNSS scoring, Nissl staining, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to evaluate behavioral deficits, brain injury severity, and neuronal damage in mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure cell pyroptosis and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation in vivo and in vitro. We observed that AIM2 protein expression was upregulated and localized within the cytoplasm of BV-2 cells. Notably, low-dose Nicorandil treatment reduced inflammatory cytokine secretion and pyroptosis-related protein expression, including AIM2, cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 (cleaved caspase-1), and Gasdermin D N-terminal (GSDMD-NT). Further investigations revealed that the KATP channel inhibitor 5-HD upregulated p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65, and p-IκBα expression, reversing Nicorandil's neuroprotective effect in vivo. In summary, our results suggest that Nicorandil may serve as a potential therapeutic option for ischemic stroke. Targeting AIM2 and NF-κB represents effective strategies for inhibiting neuroinflammation.
Subjects will receive a single dose of HHT120 in the morning in fasted condition in Period 1; followed by a single dose of HHT120 administered in the morning in fed condition in Period 2. A washout period of 7 days will be maintained between 2 periods.
Described is a method of treating an ophthalmic infection in a useful warm-blooded non-human mammal in need of such treatment. The treatment comprises topical administration of an ophthalmologicallly effective amount of an oxazolidinone such as (S) -N- [ [3- [3-fluoro-4- (4- morpholinyl) phenyl] -2-oxo-5oxazolidinyl] methyl] acetamide. Ophthalmic infections in this invention refer to inflammation of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis) by staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci, and inflammation of the cornea (keratitis) caused by the same organisms and corneal ulcers. Bacterial conjunctivitis is the most common form of infectious conjunctivitis and bacterial keratitis accounts for 65-90% of all bacterial corneal infections. It is preferred that the ophthalmic infection be bacterial keratitis and bacterial conjunctivitis. The gram-positive microorganisms that cause the ophthalmic infections treated by oxazolidinones include Staphylococci, Streptococci, Enterococci, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Chlamydia and Neisseria. The important species of these genera are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The oxazolidinones also treat gram positive and gram-negative infections caused by anaerobes such as Bacteroides fragilis.
All individuals aged \>18 years asking for PrEP prescription at one of the participating centers will be asked to participate to the SwissPrEPared Study(consecutive ongoing recruitment). Only HIV negative individuals will be deemed eligible.
Lipoxins (LXs) are a class of endogenous bioactive lipid mediators that are involved in the regulation of inflammation. They exert immunomodulatory effects by regulating the behaviour of various immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and T and B cells, by promoting the clearance of apoptotic neutrophils. This helps to dampen inflammation and promote tissue repair. LXs regulate the expression of many inflammatory genes by modulating the levels of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), nerve growth factor-regulated factor 1A binding protein 1 (NGF), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), which are elevated in various diseases, such as respiratory tract diseases, renal diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Lipoxin-mediated signaling is involved in chronic inflammation, cancer, diabetes-associated kidney disease, lung injury, liver injury, endometriosis, respiratory tract diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and retinal degeneration. In this study, we systematically investigated the intricate network of lipoxin signaling by analyzing the relevant literature. The resulting map comprised 467 molecules categorized as activation/inhibition, enzyme catalysis, gene and protein expression, molecular associations, and translocation events. This map serves as a valuable resource for understanding the complexity of lipoxin signaling and its impact on various cellular functions.
After an overnight fasting and drinking 1000 mL water and simethicone for gastric dilatation and preparation, the study subject positions himself (herself) on the examination bed in Room A, while the operating doctor sits in Room B at the remote control workstation instructing her to swallow the capsule via the audio-visual exchange system. After the capsule entering the stomach, the doctor manipulated the two joysticks on the remote control workstation, mobilizing the robotic magnetic arm, and simultaneously driving the precise movement and rotation of the capsule to perform the gastric examination. In order to simplify the examination procedure, the data recorder was put on the examination bed. The patient lay down after swallowing the capsule under the remote guidance of the endoscopist.
QVAR will often help control asthma symptoms with less suppression of HPA function than therapeutically equivalent oral doses of prednisone. Since beclomethasone dipropionate is absorbed into the circulation and can be systemically active at higher doses, the beneficial effects of QVAR in minimizing HPA dysfunction may be expected only when recommended dosages are not exceeded and individual patients are titrated to the lowest effective dose.

Because of the possibility of systemic absorption of inhaled corticosteroids, patients treated with QVAR should be observed carefully for any evidence of systemic corticosteroid effects. Particular care should be taken in observing patients postoperatively or during periods of stress for evidence of inadequate adrenal response.

It is possible that systemic corticosteroid effects such as hypercorticism and adrenal suppression (including adrenal crisis) may appear in a small number of patients, particularly when beclomethasone dipropionate is administered at higher than recommended doses over prolonged periods of time. If such effects occur, the dosage of QVAR should be reduced slowly, consistent with accepted procedures for reducing systemic corticosteroids and for management of asthma symptoms.
Patients should be advised to take nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals capsules with food (ideally breakfast and dinner) to further enhance tolerance and improve drug absorption. Patients should be instructed to complete the full course of therapy; however, they should be advised to contact their physician if any unusual symptoms occur during therapy.

Patients should be advised not to use antacid preparations containing magnesium trisilicate while taking nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals capsules.

Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals capsules should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals capsule is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals capsules or other antibacterial drugs in the future.

Diarrhea is a common problem caused by antibiotics which usually ends when the antibiotic is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibiotics, patients can develop watery and bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever) even as late as 2 or more months after having taken the last dose of the antibiotic. If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible.
The benefits of breastfeeding for the health and wellbeing of both infants and mothers are well documented, yet global breastfeeding rates are low. One factor associated with low breast feeding is maternal body mass index (BMI), which is used as a measure of obesity. The negative relationship between maternal obesity and breastfeeding is likely caused by a variety of social, psychological, and physiological factors. Maternal obesity may also have a direct biological association with breastfeeding through changes in maternal DNA methylation. Here, we investigate this potential biological association using data from a UK-based cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We find that pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower initiation to breastfeed and shorter breastfeeding duration. We conduct epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of pre-pregnancy BMI and breastfeeding outcomes, and run candidate-gene analysis of methylation sites associated with BMI identified via previous meta-EWAS. We find that DNA methylation at cg11453712, annotated to PHTP1, is associated with pre-pregnancy BMI. From our results, neither this association nor those at candidate-gene sites are likely to mediate the link between pre-pregnancy BMI and breastfeeding.
AIMS: Cardiac dysfunction is commonly observed in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). However, the specific timeline of cardiac remodelling and the underlying mechanisms responsible for this effect following SAH remain unknown. This study aims to explore the impact of SAH on cardiac dysfunction and its potential mechanisms over time.
METHODS AND RESULTS: In Protocol 1, we investigated cardiac function and potential mechanisms in a Sprague-Dawley rat model of SAH at six time points (baseline and Days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28) while exploring the underlying mechanisms. Our assessments included the haemodynamic profile, echocardiography, and the concentrations of plasma biomarkers at various time points post-SAH. We determined neuropeptide Y (NPY) 1-5 receptor protein expression levels through western blotting. In Protocol 2, we administered an NPY1 receptor antagonist to evaluate the effects of cardiac dysfunction induced by SAH on Day 3. In Protocol 1, SAH gradually provoked cardiac systolic dysfunction during the acute phase, reaching its peak on Day 3 without concurrent alterations in wall thickness. However, no significant changes were observed from Days 14 to 28 compared with Day 0. The changes in cardiac dysfunction were consistent with myocardial injury, inflammatory biomarkers, and NPY levels. SAH resulted in a heightened heart rate and systolic blood pressure, correlating with elevated epinephrine and norepinephrine levels. In Protocol 2, the administration of the NPY1 receptor antagonist effectively ameliorated cardiac dysfunction.
CONCLUSIONS: SAH induces transient cardiac dysfunction in the acute phase, and the underlying mechanisms for this response involve the NPY-NPY1 receptor pathway, otherwise known as catecholamines.
Participants rolling over from a blinded parent study will begin sotatercept at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg SC for Visit 1. Dose will escalate to 0.7 mg/kg SC at Visit 2 through remainder of the study. Participants rolling over from an unblinded parent study will continue sotatercept at their current dose and if at dose \< 0.7 mg/kg SC can titrate up to 0.7 mg/kg SC for the remainder of the study.
Solubility-enhanced forms of aprepitant and processes for preparing such forms. The invention also provides solubility-enhanced forms of aprepitant that also possess stability against solid state conversions. Certain solubility-enhanced forms of aprepitant comprise a cyclodextrin or any of its derivatives. Other solubility-enhanced forms of aprepitant comprise fine particle preparations of aprepitant. The invention further provides non-nanoparticulate pharmaceutical formulations prepared using solubility-enhanced forms of aprepitant. The invention also provides taste-masked and orally disintegrating pharmaceutical formulations comprising aprepitant. Further, pharmaceutical formulations comprising solubilityenhanced forms of aprepitant and processes of preparation of such formulations, as well as methods of using them are provided.
PURPOSE:A nonofficinal external agent, prepared by mixing a freeze-dried and mummified total tissue of a snapping turtle with six crude drugs specified in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, etc. in a specific proportion, capable of normalizing the hypertension, relieving the general syndromes thereof, and specifying the use thereof. CONSTITUTION:A nonofficinal external agent prepared by mixing a freeze-dried and mummified total tissue of a snapping turtle obtained by quickly freeze-drying at -190 deg.C with six crude drugs specified in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia or drug similar thereto (having the action of the adjuvant) in a specific proportion (according to the formulation of the seven recipes), and useful for treating the hypertension. In using the resultant agent, 100g agent is kneaded with egg white from one egg, and used as a fomentation on the left planta of a man and the right planta of a woman. The external agent is capable of improving the circulation insufficiency and caridac dysfunction by the whole tissue of the snapping turtle rich in the biological activity and retaining the equilibrium homeostasis of the consitions in the whole body as opposed to the symptomatic treatment having only the transient effect. Thus, the hypertension can be improved and eliminated without exception.
Dehydration: Administration of hypertonic MD-Gastroview solutions may lead to hypovolemia and hypotension due to fluid loss from the intestine. A 1 in 4.6 (1:4.6) dilution of MD-Gastroview yields an approximately isotonic 16.5 percent diatrizoate salts solution; less dilute solutions are hypertonic and may lead to intraluminal movement of fluid with resulting hypovolemia. In young or debilitated children and in elderly cachectic persons, the loss of plasma fluid may be sufficient to cause a shock-like state. If MD-Gastroview is used in infants and children (under 10 kg) or in dehydrated or debilitated patients, the solution must be prepared using the specific dilutions described in DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. In debilitated patients and in patients with electrolyte imbalances, postprocedural monitoring of hydration, serum osmolarity, electrolytes and clinical status is essential. In pediatric or severely debilitated patients, the maintenance of an open intravenous fluid line for rehydration may be advisable should hypotension or shock supervene. Electrolyte disturbances must be corrected prior to the administration of any hypertonic MD-Gastroview solutions.

Aspiration: Aspiration of MD-Gastroview into the trachea and airways may result in serious pulmonary complications including, pulmonary edema, pneumonitis or death. Bronchial entry of any orally administered contrast medium causes a copious osmotic effusion. Therefore, avoid use of MD-Gastroview in patients with esophagotracheal fistula and minimize risks for pulmonary aspiration in all patients. If MD-Gastroview is given by nasogastric tube, the position of the tube in the stomach must be verified before administration.

Anaphylactic Reactions: Anaphylactic reactions, including fatalities, have been reported with the use of MD-Gastroview. Patients at increased risk include those with a history of a previous reaction to a contrast medium, patients with a known sensitivity to iodine, and patients with a known clinical hypersensitivity (bronchial asthma, hay fever, and food allergies). Medical personnel trained in the treatment of anaphylactic reactions and the necessary drugs and medical equipment should always be readily available when MD-Gastroview is used.