anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The safety and effectiveness of Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules in pediatric patients have not been established.

Life-threatening respiratory depression and deaths have occurred in children who received codeine [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]. In most of the reported cases, these events followed tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy, and many of the children had evidence of being ultra-rapid metabolizers of codeine (i.e., multiple copies of the gene for cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2D6 or high morphine concentrations). Children with sleep apnea may be particularly sensitive to the respiratory depressant effects of codeine. Because of the risk of life-threatening respiratory depression and death:

  * Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules are contraindicated for all children younger than 12 years of age [see Contraindications (4)].
  * Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules are contraindicated for post-operative management in pediatric patients younger than 18 years of age following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy [see Contraindications (4)].
  * Avoid the use of Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules in adolescents 12 to 18 years of age who have other risk factors that may increase their sensitivity to the respiratory depressant effects of codeine unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Risk factors include conditions associated with hypoventilation, such as post-operative status, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, severe pulmonary disease, neuromuscular disease, and concomitant use of other medications that cause respiratory depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a medical chart system, an input method for a medical chart, an input program for the medical chart and a storage medium storing it for preventing an omission of a guidance and management fee.  <P>SOLUTION: A disease name of a medical object patient and inherent data of the patient are inputted (S1). Whether or not the patient is an object for guidance and management is determined by referring to prestored guidance and management object conditions in accordance with the inputted disease name of the patient and the inherent data of the patient (S2). When it is determined that the patient is the object for guidance and management, guidance prompting implementation of guidance and management is displayed (S3). When a command of implementing the guidance and management is inputted, a relevant stylized text is retrieved from among prestored stylized texts and the retrieved stylized text is displayed (S4). Record data of implementing the guidance and management is prepared by using the stylized text, and it is registered in an electronic medical chart (S5). Accounting is carried on the basis of the electronic medical chart (S6).  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Zoledronic Acid Injection is excreted intact primarily via the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions, in particular renal adverse reactions, may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Safety and pharmacokinetic data are limited in patients with severe renal impairment and the risk of renal deterioration is increased [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Preexisting renal insufficiency and multiple cycles of Zoledronic Acid Injection and other bisphosphonates are risk factors for subsequent renal deterioration with Zoledronic Acid Injection. Factors predisposing to renal deterioration, such as dehydration or the use of other nephrotoxic drugs, should be identified and managed, if possible. 

Zoledronic Acid Injection treatment in patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy with severe renal impairment should be considered only after evaluating the risks and benefits of treatment [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. In the clinical studies, patients with serum creatinine greater than 400 μmol/L or greater than 4.5 mg/dL were excluded. 

Zoledronic Acid Injection treatment is not recommended in patients with bone metastases with severe renal impairment. In the clinical studies, patients with serum creatinine greater than 265 μmol/L or greater than 3.0 mg/dL were excluded and there were only 8 of 564 patients treated with Zoledronic Acid Injection 4 mg by 15-minute infusion with a baseline creatinine greater than 2 mg/dL. Limited pharmacokinetic data exists in patients with creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
PURPOSE: A composition containing Rhus chinensis Mill. extract is provided to improve brain function and to enhance health. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for improving brain function contains a compound of structural formula 1 extracted from Rhus chinensis Mill. The pharmaceutical composition further contains herb extract of Acorus gramineus Sol, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Polygala tatarinowi REGEL, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Uncariae Ramulus Uncus, Cuscutae Semen, Ganoderma lucidum, Notopterygii Rhizoma, or Cinnamomi Cortex. The pharmaceutical composition is manufactured in the form of injection formulation, tablet, capsule, liquid or pill. A health food composition for improving brain function contains the compound of structural formula 1. The health food composition is manufactured in the form of granule, beverage, gum or tea.
The method of calcium-retaining membrane filtration plasmapheresis apparat includes the operating system heparynizatsiyu followed by intraoperative administration of an anticoagulant. On the day of the procedure plasmapheresis for 15 minutes. to conduct operations heparynizatsiyu intravenous system. Then perform plasmapheresis process with continuous intraoperative administration of absolute anticoagulant in extracorporeal circuit at the rate: 0.25 mL (5 cr.) 4% sodium citrate at a value of 100% perfusion and 0.2 ml (4 cr.) 4% sodium citrate - at a value of 75% perfusion.
The elimination kinetics of ciprofloxacin are similar for the immediate-release and the ciprofloxacin extended-release tablet. In studies comparing the ciprofloxacin extended-release and immediate-release ciprofloxacin, approximately 35% of an orally administered dose was excreted in the urine as unchanged drug for both formulations. The urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin is virtually complete within 24 hours after dosing. The renal clearance of ciprofloxacin, which is approximately 300 mL/minute, exceeds the normal glomerular filtration rate of 120 mL/minute. Thus, active tubular secretion would seem to play a significant role in its elimination. Co-administration of probenecid with immediate-release ciprofloxacin results in about a 50% reduction in the ciprofloxacin renal clearance and a 50% increase in its concentration in the systemic circulation. Although bile concentrations of ciprofloxacin are several fold higher than serum concentrations after oral dosing with the immediate-release tablet, only a small amount of the dose administered is recovered from the bile as unchanged drug. An additional 1% to 2% of the dose is recovered from the bile in the form of metabolites. Approximately 20% to 35% of an oral dose of immediate-release ciprofloxacin is recovered from the feces within 5 days after dosing. This may arise from either biliary clearance or transintestinal elimination.
Small brachycephalic dog breeds, such as the French bulldog, English bulldog and pug have become increasingly popular. These breeds are predisposed to a variety of vertebral and spinal malformations, including hemivertebra, caudal articular process dysplasia, transitional vertebra, cranial thoracic vertebral canal stenosis, spinal arachnoid diverticulum and meningeal fibrosis. Recent studies have provided new insights into the prevalence, anatomical characteristics, pathophysiology and treatment of these conditions. Thoracic hemivertebra, caudal articular process dysplasia, transitional vertebra, and cranial thoracic vertebral canal stenosis occur commonly in neurologically normal dogs. Although the clinical relevance of these vertebral anomalies has therefore been questioned, severe kyphosis and hemivertebra in pugs have been associated with an increased likelihood of neurological signs. Meningeal fibrosis is characterised by the formation of dense intradural fibrotic adhesions, constricting the spinal cord. This condition has been heavily associated with the pug breed. It is in pugs further common to observe multiple concurrent spinal disorder in association with chronic progressive pelvic limb gait abnormalities. This clinical presentation has been referred to as 'pug dog thoracolumbar myelopathy' and potential genetic risk factors have recently been identified. Despite our increased knowledge, many questions remain currently unanswered. This review discusses our current understanding and controversies surrounding vertebral and spinal malformations in small brachycephalic dog breeds.
The red i-PRF will be injected into the pocket at the point of interdental space after SRP. Moreover, to control bleeding due to the needle tip after the procedure, a saline-soaked sponge will be placed between the lip and the gingiva and removed after 15 minutes. A total of four sessions of i-PRF will be administered to patients at a ten-day interval.
Satiation and satiety are part of the body's complex appetite control system that ultimately play a role in limiting energy intake. Satiation is referred to as the process that leads to the termination of eating, which may be accompanied by feelings of satisfaction. Satiety is the feeling of fullness that persists after eating, with the potential to suppress further energy intake until hunger returns. There is evidence to suggest that increasing gastro-intestinal viscosity improves appetite control and reduces subsequent food intake. Beta-glucan is a soluble fibre proposed to behave this way.

In this double-blinded, randomized, crossover trial, subjective appetite sensations will be measured and blood will be collected at specific time points during the two arms in order to determine hormonal responses. Ad libitum food intake will be recorded. Food diaries will be used to measure dietary intakes.
Cryptococcus neoformans is at the top of the list of "most wanted" human pathogens. Only three classes of antifungal drugs are available for the treatment of cryptococcosis. Studies on antifungal resistance mechanisms are limited to the investigation of how a particular antifungal drug induces resistance to a particular drug, and the impact of stresses other than antifungals on the development of antifungal resistance and even cross-resistance is largely unexplored. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a ubiquitous subcellular organelle of eukaryotic cells. Brefeldin A (BFA) is a widely used chemical inducer of ER stress. Here, we found that both weak and strong selection by BFA caused aneuploidy formation in C. neoformans, mainly disomy of chromosome 1, chromosome 3, and chromosome 7. Disomy of chromosome 1 conferred cross-resistance to two classes of antifungal drugs: fluconazole and 5-flucytosine, as well as hypersensitivity to amphotericin B. However, drug resistance was unstable, due to the intrinsic instability of aneuploidy. We found overexpression of AFR1 on Chr1 and GEA2 on Chr3 phenocopied BFA resistance conferred by chromosome disomy. Overexpression of AFR1 also caused resistance to fluconazole and hypersensitivity to amphotericin B. Furthermore, a strain with a deletion of AFR1 failed to form chromosome 1 disomy upon BFA treatment. Transcriptome analysis indicated that chromosome 1 disomy simultaneously upregulated AFR1, ERG11, and other efflux and ERG genes. Thus, we posit that BFA has the potential to drive the rapid development of drug resistance and even cross-resistance in C. neoformans, with genome plasticity as the accomplice.
Process for reacting the compound of formula with an equi mole or excess amount of the compound of formula, in an organic solvent that does not participate in the reaction such as methanol, ethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diglyme, dichlorobenzene, xylene, dimethylformamide, etc. . The reaction is carried out with the application of heat, that is to say at a temperature close to the boiling point of the solvent used or higher than the boiling point of the solvent in a sealed tube, preferably by heating under reflux. This reaction can be carried out in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, etc. In addition, the compound of formula can be supplied to the reaction system in the form of an addition salt with an acid such as acetic acid, etc. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
With the continuous advancement of neonatal intensive care technology, the survival rate of preterm infants is gradually increasing. However, this improvement in survival is accompanied by long-term prognostic implications in various systems. In the field of renal diseases, current epidemiological data indicate that preterm birth is a significant risk factor for the development of long-term chronic kidney disease (CKD). This not only imposes an economic burden on patients families but also severely impacts their quality of life. Understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in this process could offer potential strategies for early prevention and management of CKD. Although the nephron number hypothesis is currently widely accepted as a mechanism, there has been limited exploration regarding podocytes - one of the most important structures within nephrons - in relation to long-term CKD associated with preterm birth. Therefore, this review aims to summarize current knowledge on how prematurity influences CKD development overall, while specifically focusing on our current understanding of podocytes in relation to prematurity.
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with metabolic disorders. However, the evidence for the causality of circulating metabolites to promote or prevent CKD is still lacking. Methods: The two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to evaluate the latent causal relationship between the genetically proxied 486 blood metabolites and CKD. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for exposures were derived from 7824 European GWAS on metabolite levels, which have been extensively utilized in the medical field to elucidate the mechanisms underlying disease onset and progression. The random inverse variance weighted (IVW) is the primary analysis for causality analysis while MR-Egger and weighted median as complementary analyses. For the further identification of metabolites, reverse MR and linkage disequilibrium score regression were performed for further evaluation. The drug target for N-acetylornithine was subsequently supplemented into the analysis, with MR and colocalization analysis being utilized. Key metabolic pathways were identified via MetaboAnalyst 4.0 (https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/) online website. Results: N-acetylornithine was identified as a reliable metabolite that increases the susceptibility to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decrease (β = 0.047; 95% confidence interval: -0.068 to -0.026; PIVW = 1.5E-5). The "glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism" pathway showed significant relevance to CKD development (P = 6E-4), whereas the "glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism" pathway was also recognized as associated with CKD by general practitioners (P = 7E-4). Colocalization analysis revealed a robust genetic link between N-acetylornithine and both CKD and eGFR, with 85.1% and 99.4% colocalization rates, respectively. IVW-MR analysis substantiated these findings with a significant positive association for CKD (odds ratio = 1.43, P = 4.7E-5) and a negative correlation with eGFR (b = -0.04, P = 1.13E-31). Conclusions: MR was utilized to explore the potential causal links between 61 genetic serum metabolites and CKD. N-acetylornithine and NAT8 were further explored as a potential therapeutic target for CKD treatment.
A single-centre uncontrolled observational study is proposed. All women presenting to the gynaecology outpatient clinic with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) in the absence of recognizable pelvic pathology, as determined by one or all of a normal pelvic ultrasound, hysteroscopy and / or endometrial biopsy, refractory to medical therapy that persists despite treatment with recommended pharmacological agents, who have no desire to preserve their fertility and are willing to have an endometrial ablation will be invited to participate. Eligible women with HMB will undergo RFA G4 endometrial ablation in either an inpatient or outpatient setting according to their preference.
The chronicity of the disease which will require treatment over decades, long-term adverse events associated with standard combined antiretroviral therapy, emphasize the need for simpler, alternative treatment strategies for HIV infection. The goal of antiretroviral therapy in 2006 is the durability of treatment with less toxicity and reduced exposure to drugs. Previous studies have shown that single boosted PI maintenance therapy such as lopinavir (LPV/r), were effective in maintaining virological efficacy. Furthermore, in case of virological failure, limited resistance has been described. darunavir/r, a new PI, has been shown to be highly potent, exhibits a high genetic barrier to resistance and appears to be well tolerated. This study aimed to evaluate whether darunavir/r can represent a potential strategy therapeutic as single therapy in patients who have full virologic suppression At entry, subjects with HIV RNA below 50 cp/ml switch from their current therapy which can be 2 NRTI and IP, 2 NRTI and NNRTI, 3 NRTI to darunavir/r with their 2 NRTIs for 8 weeks (Phase I). If patients remain below 50 cp/ml and has no intolerance to darunavir at week -4, they are included in the phase II and will be randomized either to receive darunavir/r alone or to continue 2 NRTI and darunavir/r for until W48 (Phase II). Patients will be monitored at W4, W8 and then every 8 weeks until W48 for the primary endpoint. To evaluate the durability and safety of this strategy, patients will be followed up to W96
An exosome production promoter that promotes production of exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells is provided. The exosome production promoter promotes production of exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured in a serum-free medium and contains EGF. It is preferable that the exosome production promoter further contains IL-1β and trehalose. It is desirable that the exosome production promoter does not contain SCGF. It is preferable that the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are cultured using a nonwoven fabric sheet as a scaffold. The exosomes mass-produced by the technique according to the present invention can be used, for example, for cosmetic plastic procedures or the like.
PURPOSE: Receptor and subtype discordance between primary breast tumours and metastases is a frequently reported phenomenon. The aim of this article is to review the current evidence on receptor discordance in metastatic breast cancer and to explore the benefit of performing a repeat biopsy in this context.
METHODS: Searches were undertaken on PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov for relevant publications and trials.
CONCLUSION: The current guidelines recommend offering to perform a biopsy of a metastatic lesion to evaluate receptor status. The choice of systemic therapy in metastatic disease is often based on the receptor status of the primary lesion. As therapeutic decision making is guided by subtype, biopsy of the metastatic lesion to determine receptor status may alter treatment. This article discusses discordance rates, the mechanisms of receptor discordance, the effect of discordance on treatment and survival outcomes, as well as highlighting some ongoing clinical trials in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Up to 30% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) develop from sessile serrated lesions (SSLs). Within the serrated neoplasia pathway, at least two principally distinct oncogenetic routes exist generating microsatellite-stable and microsatellite-instable CRCs, respectively. Aberrant DNA methylation (DNAm) is found early in the serrated pathway and might play a role in both oncogenetic routes. We studied a cohort of 23 SSLs with a small focus (<10 mm) of dysplasia or cancer, 10 of which were MLH1 deficient and 13 MLH1 proficient. By comparing, for each SSL, the methylation status of (1) the region of dysplasia or cancer (SSL-D), (2) the nondysplastic SSL (SSL), and (3) adjacent normal mucosa, differentially methylated probes (DMPs) and regions (DMRs) were assessed both genome-wide as well as in a tumor-suppressor gene-focused approach. By comparing DNAm of MLH1-deficient SSL-Ds with their corresponding SSLs, we identified five DMRs, including those annotating for PRDM2 and, not unexpectedly, MLH1. PRDM2 gene promotor methylation was associated with MLH1 expression status, as it was largely hypermethylated in MLH1-deficient SSL-Ds and hypomethylated in MLH1-proficient SSL-Ds. Significantly increased DNAm levels of PRDM2 and MLH1, in particular at 'critical' MLH1 probe sites, were to some extent already visible in SSLs as compared to normal mucosa (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, p < 0.0001, respectively). No DMRs, nor DMPs, were identified for SSLs destined to evolve into MLH1-proficient SSL-Ds. Our data indicate that, within both arms of the serrated CRC pathway, the majority of the epigenetic alterations are introduced early during SSL formation. Promoter hypermethylation of PRDM2 and MLH1 on the other hand specifically initiates in SSLs destined to transform into MLH1-deficient CRCs suggesting that the fate of SSLs may not necessarily result from a stochastic process but possibly is already imprinted and predisposed.
Participants will receive atezolizumab + tiragolumab intravenously on the first day of each cycle. One cycle of therapy will be defined as 21 days. Atezolizumab and tiragolumab treatment will continue up to 17 doses unless investigator-assessed loss of clinical benefit, unacceptable toxicity, investigator or patient decision to withdraw from therapy, or death (whichever occurs first).
PURPOSE: The Microphone and Receiver in the ear (M&RIE) hearing aid is designed to consider the pinna cues by placing an additional microphone along with a standard receiver at the entrance of the ear canal. There is a need to clinically validate the technology using speech identification measures, as a literature shortage exists. The objective of the study was to evaluate speech identification and quality rating with hearing aids fitted with standard and M&RIE receivers.
METHOD: Twenty individuals (mean ± SD age being 34.10 ± 11.9 years) with mild-to-moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss were divided into two groups: naïve and experienced. Their speech identification obtained using the receiver in the ear hearing aid compatible with standard and M&RIE receivers were compared. The study assessed speech identification in quiet using ten sentences, calculated SNR-50 using the Spearman-Karber equation, and used an 11-point scale for self-perceived quality rating.
RESULTS: The study analyzed data using SPSS and found no significant difference between naive and experienced hearing aid users in quiet and SNR-50 conditions (p > 0.05). However, naive users rated higher in clarity, naturalness, pleasantness, and overall impression of standard receiver settings. Across different receiver settings, both naïve and experienced groups revealed better speech identification with the M&RIE receiver for both SIS (p < 0.05) and SNR-50 (p < 0.05) measures.
CONCLUSION: The study found that placing a third microphone in the ear canal improves speech identification and quality rating in both naïve and experienced users, with pinna and ear canal resonance playing a crucial role in prescribing hearing aid gain.