anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The OPTIMEV study is a prospective epidemiological multicenter cohort study, including in-and outpatients clinically suspected of thromboembolic disease. Deep vein thrombosis is diagnosed using a duplex ultrasound examination, whereas pulmonary embolism is investigated by lung scan scintigraphy or computed helical tomodensitometry and/or duplex ultrasound examination. Initial data on medical history, clinical symptoms, presence of transient and chronic risk factors, diagnosis at the end of the medical examination, diagnostic tests results, treatment (type and duration) are collected by the physician into an electronic medical record. Other general medical considerations are collected (particularly on cardiovascular diseases). A phone follow up at 3 months, 1, 2 and 3 years is realised by the Centre for Clinical Research of Grenoble. All Venous ThromboEmbolism (VTE) positive patients (including superficial vein thrombosis) are contacted. For each VTE positive a negative one is selected (same site, same season). Data on mortality, development or recurrence of VTE, treatments prescribed (type + duration), major bleeding, cancer onset, cardiovascular events and venous insufficiency (leg ulcer) are collected. All these serious adverse events are documented and reviewed by an independent critical events committee.
Methods: Between May 2007 and September 2010, 86 participants (age, 1.6-13 years; average age, 6.7 years) were randomly divided into two groups. All participants had been diagnosed with lateral condyle fractures classified as Jacobs type II (unstable) or III. Closed reduction failed in all participants. Therefore, open reduction was performed under general anesthesia. One absorbable screw was used for fixation in the experimental group, while two 1.8-mm K-wires were used in the control group. At 4-6 weeks postoperatively, the participants' plaster casts were removed, and functional training was started.
Seizures are the most common clinical manifestation of cerebral cysticercosis and occur in the presence of viable, dying, and calcified or non-calcified dead cysts. How calcified cysts provoke seizures is not known but recent observations demonstrated edema around some calcified lesions at the time of seizure activity and disappearance during periods when seizures were not occurring. Edema associated with foci in idiopathic epilepsy is highly unusual so that this observation suggests that the mechanism(s) associated with calcified cysts is unique. Documenting and understanding this phenomenon is important for a number of reasons. First, although by definition these lesions are inactive, e.g., not living larvae and do not require anti-parasitic treatment, they are frequently mistaken for active lesions and patients undergo unnecessary treatment. Second, a likely reason for perilesional edema is intermittent antigen release and subsequent host immune response resulting in inflammation and edema. If proved, then the treatment for this would not only involve suppression of seizure activity with anti-seizure medication but also the use of anti-inflammatory medications such as corticosteroids. The present protocol will systematically assess the presence of edema associated with calcified lesions at the time of seizure activity and attempt to determine why some calcified lesions in the same patient are foci of seizures while others are clinically silent. There are three related but separate questions. 1) What is the most sensitive MRI technique that can detect edema around calcified or inactive lesions? It is essential to determine the most sensitive methods initially because the use of insensitive techniques will lead to inaccurate assessments of which lesions are prone to lead to seizure activity and how many patients are affected. 2) How common is perilesional edema around calcified or inactive lesions associated with seizure activity? 3) What factors determine which lesions are prone to cause seizure activity? 4) Can perilesional edema be effectively treated or prevented? 5) Can perilesional edema be treated? We have reported from long term longitudinal studies in a handful of patients that only some of many lesions seem to be associated with seizure activity and edema.
INTRODUCTION: Intravenous corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment of patients hospitalized with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). However, 30%-40% of the patients are refractory to corticosteroids. We investigated whether addition of tofacitinib to corticosteroids improved the treatment responsiveness in patients with ASUC.
METHODS: This single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized adult patients with ASUC (defined by the Truelove Witts severity criteria) to receive either tofacitinib (10 mg thrice daily) or a matching placebo for 7 days while continuing intravenous corticosteroids (hydrocortisone 100 mg every 6 hours). The primary end point was response to treatment (decline in the Lichtiger index by >3 points and an absolute score <10 for 2 consecutive days without the need for rescue therapy) by day 7. The key secondary outcome was the cumulative probability of requiring initiation of infliximab or undergoing colectomy within 90 days following randomization. All analyses were performed in the intention-to-treat population.
RESULTS: A total of 104 patients were randomly assigned to a treatment group (53 to tofacitinib and 51 to placebo). At day 7, response to treatment was achieved in 44/53 (83.01%) patients receiving tofacitinib vs 30/51 (58.82%) patients receiving placebo (odds ratio 3.42, 95% confidence interval 1.37-8.48, P = 0.007). The need for rescue therapy by day 7 was lower in the tofacitinib arm (odds ratio 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.09-0.78, P = 0.01). The cumulative probability of need for rescue therapy at day 90 was 0.13 in patients who received tofacitinib vs 0.38 in patients receiving placebo (log-rank P = 0.003). Most of the treatment-related adverse effects were mild. One patient, receiving tofacitinib, developed dural venous sinus thrombosis.
DISCUSSION: In patients with ASUC, combination of tofacitinib and corticosteroids improved treatment responsiveness and decreased the need for rescue therapy.
Chronic pain affects 25-40% of children and adolescents, and results in significantly lower quality of life for these youth. Parents play an important role in how their children cope with chronic pain, and can also experience their own distress related to their child's illness. Parental psychological distress is widely recognized to be associated with poorer child adjustment. However, no interventions have been developed specifically to treat psychological distress in parents of children with chronic pain. Problem-solving skills training (PSST) has been shown to result in significant reductions in parental distress among caregivers of children with other types of chronic illness such as cancer. The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of PSST for parents of youth with chronic pain.
Perhaps the strongest clinical association with autoantibodies against SSA/Ro-SSB/La is the development of congenital heart block (CHB) in an offspring, an alarming prospect facing 2% of primigravid mothers with these antibodies. Recurrence rates approach 20%. Disease can progress rapidly, with advanced block and life-threatening cardiomyopathy observed less than 2 weeks from normal sinus rhythm. Once 3rd degree (complete) block is identified, reversal has never been achieved, despite dexamethasone. This makes biologic sense since the signature lesion is fibrosis of the atrioventricular node. Thus, strategies aimed at preventing disease assume high priority. Although disease expression in the fetus requires additional factors to amplify the cascade to fibrosis, maternal anti-Ro/La antibodies are necessary. Accordingly, eliminating fetal exposure to these antibodies is a sound and important approach. Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is particularly exciting in its potential not only to lower maternal antibody levels (which is not accomplished with glucocorticoids or immunosuppression), but actually to influence effector mechanisms in the fetus itself. Aim 1 is a clinical trial to assess the efficacy of IVIG in preventing CHB. Proof of efficacy is challenging since CHB occurs in only 2% of first pregnancies of anti-Ro/La+ women. However, given the 10-fold higher risk of CHB in a pregnancy after the birth of child with neonatal lupus (NL), mothers with previous NL-affected children are the target population for study. Sample size calculations employ Simon's 2-stage optimal design. Based on a 2-sided significance level of 0.05, a power of 90% to show reduction of risk to 5% given the prediction that 18% of untreated subjects will get some degree of CHB, Stage 1 will enroll 19 women who have had a previous child with CHB or NL rash, to receive IVIG (400 mg/kg IVIG every 3 weeks for a total of 5 treatments) from weeks 12 through 24 of gestation. If fewer than 3 mothers have children with 2nd or 3rd degree block, then an additional 35 mothers will be enrolled in Stage 2 (total = 54 subjects). IVIG will be considered efficacious and worthy of further study if fewer than 6 of 54 subjects have a child with advanced CHB. Secondary outcomes include 1st degree block, myocardial injury absent conduction defects, and isolated endocardial fibroelastosis as assessed by serial fetal echocardiograms and EKG at birth.

Aim 2 will address: a) the effect of IVIG on antibody titer and subclass; b) genetic polymorphisms in Fc gamma receptor (FcgR) and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase and their potential association with response to IVIG; c) whether a decrease in anti-La antibodies positively correlates with the level of anti-La antiidiotypic antibodies; d) whether IVIG blocks expression of activation markers on human macrophages after challenge with opsonized apoptotic cardiocytes and whether this positively correlates with increased expression of the inhibitory Fc receptor, FcgRIIb.

In sum, IVIG is a promising agent that may have effects at several levels of the pathologic cascade to antibody-mediated CHB.
The symptoms of overdosage with Methscopolamine Bromide Tablets, USP 2.5 mg and 5 mg progress from intensification of the usual side effects to CNS disturbances (from restlessness and excitement to psychotic behavior), circulatory changes (flushing, fall in blood pressure, circulatory failure), respiratory failure, paralysis, and coma.

Measures to be taken are (1) induction of emesis and (2) injection of physostigmine 0.5 to 2 mg intravenously, and repeated as necessary up to a total of 5 mg. Fever may be treated symptomatically (alcohol sponging, ice packs). Excitement of a degree which demands attention may be managed with sodium thiopental 2% solution given slowly intravenously or chloral hydrate (100 to 200 mL of a 2% solution) by rectal infusion. In the event of progression of the curare-like effect to paralysis of the respiratory muscles, artificial respiration should be instituted and maintained until effective respiratory action returns.

The oral LD50 in rats is 1,352 to 2,617 mg/kg.

No data is available on the dialyzability of methscopolamine bromide.
The validation cohort includes patients enrolled in the second phase of the study, from March 2015 to May 2015. All children enrolled in this study will receive the same interventions, which include collection of regular weights to establish percent weight change with rehydration, clinical assessment of dehydration status, and ultrasound of the IVC and aorta.
Intraosseous assess will be established in group IO, using EZ-IO for drug or fuild resuscitation. Proximal tibia is the insertion site,locating at 1 cm medial tibial tuberosity. IO access should be retained for less than 1 day, and venous access should be established as soon as possible after winning rescue time to continue treatment. Other treatment measures refer to 2015 AHA guidelines.
In magnetic resonance imaging, visualization of normal and pathologic tissue depends in part on variations in the radiofrequency signal intensity. These variations occur due to: changes in proton density; alteration of the spin-lattice or longitudinal relaxation time (T1); and variation of the spin-spin or transverse relaxation time (T2). OMNISCAN is a paramagnetic agent with unpaired electron spins which generate a local magnetic field. As water protons move through this local magnetic field, the changes in magnetic field experienced by the protons reorient them with the main magnetic field more quickly than in the absence of a paramagnetic agent.

By increasing the relaxation rate, OMNISCAN decreases both the T1 and T2 relaxation times in tissues where it is distributed. At clinical doses, the effect is primarily on the T1 relaxation time, and produces an increase in signal intensity. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier or abnormal vascularity allows accumulation of OMNISCAN in lesions such as neoplasms, abscesses, and subacute infarcts. The pharmacokinetic parameters of OMNISCAN in various lesions are not known.
PURPOSE:An aqueous salt solution with the same constitution as blood is used as a preservation solution to separate blood into fractions containing antibodies, leukocytes and erythrocytes respectively, further they are classified by sexes and human races, thus permitting the rationalization of blood transfusion by their selective use and preserving blood under improved preservation conditions. CONSTITUTION:According to the figure, the blood collected from a human body 2 through needle 3-2 is contained into capsule 3. The blood is separated by means of centrifugal separator 4 into three layers, 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3. Then, the resultant three layers are collected separately in the same manner as in the blood collection to give a capsule of serum 1-1 and other 2 capsules for the 2 layers. These separated layers are preserved under cooling using a salt aqueous solution with the original sea-water salt constitution as a base. These layers can be used selectively, for example, the antibody of MARUYAMA vaccin can be contained in the serum layer 1-1.
People that experience heart attacks ("myocardial infarctions") are at increased risk for stroke, possibly due to formation of blood clots ("left ventricular thrombi"), which may break loose from the heart and travel to other organs. While echocardiography is a test commonly employed for thrombus detection, prior studies have yielded heterogeneous findings regarding prevalence and predictors. Echocardiographic contrast ("perflutren lipid microspheres") are FDA approved imaging agents that have been shown to improve thrombus detection in selected populations. However, the decision to use contrast is often predicated upon results of non-contrast echocardiography, a diagnostic strategy that hasn't been well studied. This study is designed to test whether echocardiographic contrast improves thrombus detection following myocardial infarction. Participants will undergo non-contrast and contrast echocardiography. These will be compared for identification of thrombi and assessment of cardiac size and function. Clinical features and results of other diagnostic tests will also be reviewed in order to study whether these predict thrombus risk. Participants will be contacted at regular intervals by study investigators to determine whether thrombi identified by contrast or non-contrast echocardiography predict risk for stroke or cardiac events. Findings from this study may improve detection of thrombi, thereby improving treatment for patients following myocardial infarction.
Octreotide is the acetate salt of a cyclic octapeptide. It is a long-acting octapeptide with pharmacologic properties mimicking those of the natural hormone somatostatin. Octreotide is known chemically as L-Cysteinamide, D-phenylalanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-N-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxy-methyl) propyl]-, cyclic (2→7)-disulfide; [R-(R*,R*)].

The molecular weight of octreotide is 1019.3 g/mol (free peptide, C49H66N10O10S2) and its amino acid sequence is:

Octreotide acetate for injectable suspension is available in a single-dose vial containing the sterile drug product, which when mixed with diluent, becomes a suspension that is given as a monthly intragluteal injection. The octreotide is uniformly distributed within the microspheres which are made of a biodegradable glucose star polymer, D,L-lactic and glycolic acids copolymer. Sterile mannitol is added to the microspheres to improve suspendability.

Octreotide acetate for injectable suspension is available as: sterile 8-mL single-dose vials in 3 strengths delivering 10 mg, 20 mg, or 30 mg octreotide-free peptide. Each single-dose vial of octreotide acetate for injectable suspension delivers:
Donepezil hydrochloride monohydrate USP is a reversible inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, known chemically as (±)-2, 3-dihydro-5, 6-dimethoxy-2-[[1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]methyl]-1H-inden-1-one hydrochloride. Donepezil hydrochloride monohydrate USP is commonly referred to in the pharmacological literature as E2020. It has an molecular formula of C24H29NO3HCl.H2O and a molecular weight of 433.95. Donepezil hydrochloride monohydrate USP is a off-white to white crystalline powder and is soluble in chloroform, water and in glacial aceticacid, slightly soluble in alcohol and acetonitrile, practically insoluble in ethyl acetate and n-Hexane.

Donepezil hydrochloride tablets, USP are available for oral administration in film-coated tablets containing 23 mg of donepezil hydrochloride monohydrate USP. 

Inactive ingredients are hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and methacrylic acid copolymer. The film coating includes iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow and Opadry OY-58900 White contains hypromellose, polyethylene glycol and titanium dioxide.
Precedex will be started after randomization/prior to catheterization and will be stopped at the end of the procedure. It will be used for an average of 90 minutes and will be used as a continuous intravenous infusion started at 0.3 mcg/kg/hour. If HR \> 80 and BP \> 120/70, a full loading dose (1.0 mcg/kg/hour) will be administered over 10 minutes. If HR is 60 - 80 or systolic BP is 90 - 120, or age \> 65 years, a reduced loading dose of 0.5 mcg/kg will be given over 10 minutes. If no volume overload history, 500mL of colloid (hespan or albumin) will be bolused with 0.2mg of glycopyrrolate. Every 10 minutes, Precedex will be titrated by 0.1 mcg/kg/hour to achieve and maintain RASS of 0 to -1.
Investigators will examine the immediate psychosocial, behavioral, and child biologic response to three caregiver-child interventions depending on site of enrollment. Each interventions contain overlapping core elements, but also contribute unique facets, allowing us to examine overall intervention effects, as well as unique settings (e.g. home vs. clinic) and delivery effects (1:1 vs. group), providing insight for future direction.
Consecutive patients admitted with CRC diagnosis (index case, IC) were prospectively evaluated. Following the systematic identification of ICs with inherited predispositions to CRC, ICs who agreed to contact their FDRs ≥40 years old were included. Available FDRs were invited to undergo non-cathartic CTC, with OC the following day.
The thymus is the central organ involved with T-cell development and the production of naïve T cells. During normal aging, the thymus undergoes marked involution, reducing naïve T-cell output and resulting in a predominance of long-lived memory T cells in the periphery. Outside of aging, systemic stress responses that induce corticosteroids (CS), or other insults such as radiation exposure, induce thymocyte apoptosis, resulting in a transient acute thymic involution with subsequent recovery occurring after cessation of the stimulus. Despite the increasing utilization of immunostimulatory regimens in cancer, effects on the thymus and naïve T cell output have not been well characterized. Using both mouse and human systems, the thymic effects of systemic immunostimulatory regimens, such as high dose IL-2 (HD IL-2) with or without agonistic anti-CD40 mAbs and acute primary viral infection, were investigated. These regimens produced a marked acute thymic involution in mice, which correlated with elevated serum glucocorticoid levels and a diminishment of naïve T cells in the periphery. This effect was transient and followed with a rapid thymic "rebound" effect, in which an even greater quantity of thymocytes was observed compared to controls. Similar results were observed in humans, as patients receiving HD IL-2 treatment for cancer demonstrated significantly increased cortisol levels, accompanied by decreased peripheral blood naïve T cells and reduced T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs), a marker indicative of recent thymic emigrants. Mice adrenalectomized prior to receiving immunotherapy or viral infection demonstrated protection from this glucocorticoid-mediated thymic involution, despite experiencing a substantially higher inflammatory cytokine response and increased immunopathology. Investigation into the effects of immunostimulation on middle aged (7-12 months) and advance aged (22-24 months) mice, which had already undergone significant thymic involution and had a diminished naïve T cell population in the periphery at baseline, revealed that even further involution was incurred. Thymic rebound hyperplasia, however, only occurred in young and middle-aged recipients, while advance aged not only lacked this rebound hyperplasia, but were entirely absent of any indication of thymic restoration. This coincided with prolonged deficits in naïve T cell numbers in advanced aged recipients, further skewing the already memory dominant T cell pool. These results demonstrate that, in both mice and humans, systemic immunostimulatory cancer therapies, as well as immune challenges like subacute viral infections, have the potential to induce profound, but transient, glucocorticoid-mediated thymic involution and substantially reduced thymic output, resulting in the reduction of peripheral naive T cells. This can then be followed by a marked rebound effect with naïve T cell restoration, events that were shown not to occur in advanced-aged mice.
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial malignant tumor of childhood, accounting for 15% of all pediatric cancer deaths. Despite significant advances in our understanding of neuroblastoma biology, five-year survival rates for high-risk disease remain less than 50%, highlighting the importance of identifying novel therapeutic targets to combat the disease. MYCN amplification is the most frequent and predictive molecular aberration correlating with poor outcome in neuroblastoma. N-Myc is a short-lived protein primarily due to its rapid proteasomal degradation, a potentially exploitable vulnerability in neuroblastoma. AF1q is an oncoprotein with established roles in leukemia and solid tumor progression. It is normally expressed in brain and sympathetic neurons and has been postulated to play a part in neural differentiation. However, no role for AF1q in tumors of neural origin has been reported. In this study, we found AF1q to be a universal marker of neuroblastoma tumors. Silencing AF1q in neuroblastoma cells caused proteasomal degradation of N-Myc through Ras/ERK and AKT/GSK3β pathways, activated p53 and blocked cell cycle progression, culminating in cell death via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Moreover, silencing AF1q attenuated neuroblastoma tumorigenicity in vivo signifying AF1q's importance in neuroblastoma oncogenesis. Our findings reveal AF1q to be a novel regulator of N-Myc and potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma.