anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The patients with body weight ≥ 60kg were treated with oral lenvastinib within 3 days (the initial dose was 12mg QD for patients with body weight \< 60kg, the initial dose was 8mg QD for patients with body weight \< 60kg). After 1-2 weeks of treatment, the patients received the first TACE treatment (3 days before TACE), and continued to take oral lunvastinib 3 days after TACE. Within one week after TACE treatment, 200 mg of sindilimab was given intravenously once every three weeks (every 21 days as a cycle) or 200 mg of carrelizumab was given intravenously once every three weeks (every 21 days as a cycle).
CASK (MIM#300172), encoding a calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase, is crucial for synaptic transmission and gene regulation during neural development. Pathogenic variants of CASK are known to cause several neurodevelopmental disorders, including X-linked intellectual disability and microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia (MICPCH). This study introduces a novel, de novo synonymous CASK variant (NM_001367721.1: c.1737G>A, p.(Glu579=)), discovered in a male patient diagnosed with MICPCH, characterized by microcephaly, developmental delay, visual impairment, and myoclonic seizures. The variant disrupts a donor splice-site at the end of exon 18. Transcriptomic analysis of blood identified 12 different CASK transcripts secondary to the synonymous variant. Nearly one third of these transcripts were predicted to result in nonsense mediated decay or protein degradation. Protein modeling revealed structural alterations in the PDZ functional domain of CASK, due to exon 18 deletion. Our findings highlight the utility of transcriptomic analysis in demonstrating the underlying disease mechanism in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer‑related death in osteosarcoma (OS). OS stem cells (OSCs) and anoikis resistance are considered to be essential for tumor metastasis formation. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the maintenance of a stem‑cell phenotype and anoikis resistance in OS are mostly unknown. Fos‑like antigen 1 (FOSL1) is important in maintaining a stem‑like phenotype in various cancers; however, its role in OSCs and anoikis resistance remains unclear. In the present study, the dynamic expression patterns of FOSL1 were investigated during the acquisition of cancer stem‑like properties using RNA sequencing, PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Flow cytometry, tumor‑sphere formation, clone formation assays, anoikis assays, western blotting and in vivo xenograft and metastasis models were used to further investigate the responses of the stem‑cell phenotype and anoikis resistance to FOSL1 overexpression or silencing in OS cell lines. The underlying molecular mechanisms were evaluated, focusing on whether SOX2 is crucially involved in FOSL1‑mediated stemness and anoikis in OS. FOSL1 expression was observed to be upregulated in OSCs and promoted tumor‑sphere formation, clone formation and tumorigenesis in OS cells. FOSL1 expression correlated positively with the expression of stemness‑related factors (SOX2, NANOG, CD117 and Stro1). Moreover, FOSL1 facilitated OS cell anoikis resistance and promoted metastases by regulating the expression of apoptosis related proteins BCL2 and BAX. Mechanistically, FOSL1 upregulated SOX2 expression by interacting with the SOX2 promoter and activating its transcription. The results also showed that SOX2 is critical for FOSL1‑mediated stem‑like properties and anoikis resistance. The current findings indicated that FOSL1 is an important regulator that promotes a stem cell‑like phenotype and anoikis resistance to facilitate tumorigenesis and metastasis in OS by regulating the transcription of SOX2. Thus, FOSL1 might represent an attractive target for therapeutic interventions in OS.
Age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers recruited as normal control group. Proton (1H-) magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy.
Background and Objectives: Muscle atrophy occurs when protein degradation exceeds protein synthesis, resulting in imbalanced protein homeostasis, compromised muscle contraction, and a reduction in muscle mass. The incidence of muscle atrophy is increasingly recognized as a significant worldwide public health problem. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of whey peptide (WP) on muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone (DEX) in mice. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups, each consisting of nine individuals. WPs were orally administered to C57BL/6 mice for 6 weeks. DEX was administered for 5-6 weeks to induce muscle atrophy (intraperitoneal injection, i.p.). Results: Microcomputer tomography (CT) analysis confirmed that WP significantly increased calf muscle volume and surface area in mice with DEX-induced muscle atrophy, as evidenced by tissue staining. Furthermore, it increased the area of muscle fibers and facilitated greater collagen deposition. Moreover, WP significantly decreased the levels of serum biomarkers associated with muscle damage, kidney function, and inflammatory cytokines. WP increased p-mTOR and p-p70S6K levels through the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway, while concurrently decreasing protein catabolism via the FOXO pathway. Furthermore, the expression of proteins associated with myocyte differentiation increased noticeably. Conclusions: These results confirm that WP reduces muscle atrophy by regulating muscle protein homeostasis. Additionally, it is believed that it helps to relieve muscle atrophy by regulating the expression of myocyte differentiation factors. Therefore, we propose that WP plays a significant role in preventing and treating muscle wasting by functioning as a supplement to counteract muscle atrophy.
Risk Summary 

There are insufficient human data to establish whether there is a drug-associated risk with mupirocin ointment in pregnant women. Systemic absorption of mupirocin through intact human skin is minimal following topical administration of mupirocin ointment [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3)] . No developmental toxicity was observed in rats or rabbits treated with mupirocin subcutaneously during organogenesis at doses of 160 or 40 mg per kg per day, respectively (22 and 11 times the human topical dose based on calculations of dose divided by the entire body surface area). 

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriages for the indicated population is unknown. The estimated background risk in the U.S. general population of major birth defects is 2% to 4% and of miscarriage is 15% to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.

Data 

Animal Data: Developmental toxicity studies have been performed with mupirocin administered subcutaneously to rats and rabbits at doses up to 160 mg per kg per day during organogenesis. This dose is 22 and 43 times, respectively, the human topical dose (approximately 60 mg mupirocin per day) based on calculations of dose divided by the entire body surface area. Maternal toxicity was observed (body weight loss/decreased body weight gain and reduced feeding) in both species with no evidence of developmental toxicity in rats. In rabbits, excessive maternal toxicity at the high dose precluded the evaluation of fetal outcomes. There was no developmental toxicity in rabbits at 40 mg per kg per day, 11 times the human topical dose based on calculations of dose divided by the entire body surface area. 

Mupirocin administered subcutaneously to rats in a pre-and postnatal development study (dosed during late gestation through lactation) was associated with reduced offspring viability in the early postnatal period at a dose of 106.7 mg per kg, in the presence of injection site irritation and/or subcutaneous hemorrhaging. This dose is 14 times the human topical dose based on calculations of dose divided by the entire body surface area. The no-observed adverse effect level in this study was 44.2 mg per kg per day, which is 6 times the human topical dose.
Amlodipine

Single oral doses of amlodipine maleate equivalent to 40 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg amlodipine in mice and rats, respectively, caused deaths. Single oral doses equivalent to 4 or more mg/kg amlodipine in dogs (11 or more times the maximum recommended human dose on a mg/m2 basis) caused a marked peripheral vasodilation and hypotension.

Overdosage might be expected to cause excessive peripheral vasodilation with marked hypotension. In humans, experience with intentional overdosage of amlodipine is limited. Marked and potentially prolonged systemic hypotension up to and including shock with fatal outcome have been reported.

If massive overdose should occur, initiate active cardiac and respiratory monitoring. Frequent blood pressure measurements are essential. Should hypotension occur, cardiovascular support including elevation of the extremities and the judicious administration of fluids should be initiated. If hypotension remains unresponsive to these conservative measures, consider administration of vasopressors (such as phenylephrine) with attention to circulating volume and urine output. As amlodipine is highly protein bound, hemodialysis is not likely to be of benefit. Administration of activated charcoal to healthy volunteers immediately or up to two hours after ingestion of amlodipine has been shown to significantly decrease amlodipine absorption.

Valsartan

Limited data are available related to overdosage in humans. The most likely effect of overdose with valsartan would be peripheral vasodilation, hypotension, and tachycardia; bradycardia could occur from parasympathetic (vagal) stimulation. Depressed level of consciousness, circulatory collapse, and shock have been reported. If symptomatic hypotension should occur institute supportive treatment.

Valsartan is not removed from the plasma by hemodialysis.

Valsartan was without grossly observable adverse effects at single oral doses up to 2000 mg/kg in rats and up to 1000 mg/kg in marmosets, except for the salivation and diarrhea in the rat and vomiting in the marmoset at the highest dose (60 and 37 times, respectively, the (MRHD) on a mg/m2 basis). (Calculations assume an oral dose of 320 mg/day and a 60 kg patient.)
In post marketing experience, abrupt discontinuation of guanfacine extended-release tablets has resulted in clinically significant and persistent rebound hypertension above baseline levels and increases in heart rate. Hypertensive encephalopathy has also been reported in association with rebound hypertension with both guanfacine extended-release and immediate release guanfacine [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. In these cases, high-dosage guanfacine was discontinued; concomitant stimulant use was also reported, which may potentially increase hypertensive response upon abrupt discontinuation of guanfacine extended-release tablets. Children commonly have gastrointestinal illnesses that lead to vomiting, and a resulting inability to take medications, so they may be especially at risk for rebound hypertension. 

To minimize the risk of rebound hypertension upon discontinuation, the total daily dose of guanfacine should be tapered in decrements of no more than 1 mg every 3 to 7 days [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)]. Blood pressure and heart rate should be monitored when reducing the dose or discontinuing guanfacine extended-release tablets. If abrupt discontinuation occurs (especially with concomitant stimulant use), patients should be closely followed for rebound hypertension.
Kinesio Taping (KT) is a technique utilizing a two way elastic tape originally created by Kenzo Kase in the 1970s. KT is a complementary method which is used as an adjunct to major therapy approaches in various musculoskeletal and neurological diseases.4 KT is employed in sports injuries and various health problems; but there is limited scientific evidence evaluating KT effectiveness and the results are inconsistent.5 One of the KT potential benefits is that of raising the range of motion through increasing blood circulation or through stimulation of cutaneous mechanoreceptors and this way it affects fascial tissue.6-8 Biomechanical Taping (BT) is a technique utilizing a four way elastic tape originally created by Ryan Kendrick in the 2010s. BT is a complementary method for supplementing load absorption, force contribution and modifying movement. BT affects tissues and movement in a mechanical way and it is almost a completely different method from KT. Kase's hypothesis is that KT affects fascial tissues and mechanoreseptors, but Kendrick's hypothesis is that BT ,which is applied in shortened position and cross joint segments, will gain potential energy in case of an extremity realized movement with antagonist activity. Then the weak agonist muscle gets activated for repositioning the extremity; this potential energy turns to kinetic energy like a released bow. As a result of kinetic energy, it may support the movement with using passive mechanical strength.9 In this study, the investigators aim to illustrate immediate effects of various taping methods on the performances of healthy subjects. In that way the investigators test hypothesis that different taping methods affect healthy subjects to improve performance. The investigators; investigate strength, active range of motion and vertical jump height as a parameters of performance with No Tape(NT), Sham Tape(ST), KT and BT.
The invention discloses a combined blood sugar-reduction formula. The combined blood sugar-reduction formula realizes combined treatment on diabetes mellitus and complications of diabetes mellitus. The combined blood sugar-reduction formula comprises an oral blood sugar-reduction drug, an external blood sugar-reduction plaster, external blood sugar-reduction cream and a blood sugar-reduction foot-bath agent. The oral blood sugar-reduction drug comprises a sulfonylurea blood sugar-reduction drug, a biguanide blood sugar-reduction drug, propolis, rutin, soya lecithin and traditional Chinese medicines having effects of promoting flow of qi and blood circulation and reducing phlegm and fat. The external blood sugar-reduction plaster comprises traditional Chinese medicines having effects of nourishing yin and moisturizing dryness, clearing heat and invigorating spleen, and tonifying kidney and promoting blood circulation, and also comprises substances releasing far infrared rays. In use, the external blood sugar-reduction plaster is pasted on a specific acupoint and produces blood sugar-reduction effects through meridian action. The external blood sugar-reduction cream comprises ingredients the same as the ingredients of the external blood sugar-reduction plaster and is in a form of cream. In use, the external blood sugar-reduction cream is spread on a left flank part and a left back part closest to the pancreas and realizes targeting drug delivery thereby realizing blood sugar reduction. The blood sugar-reduction foot-bath agent comprises drugs having effects of tonifying qi and activating blood circulation and nourishing yin and supplementing kidney, and can be processed into powder and a drug solution. In use, the blood sugar-reduction foot-bath agent is put into hot water for brewing and is used for a foot bath.
PURPOSE: To investigate the association between adherence to guideline-recommended risk-based postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis, the antiemetics used for PONV prophylaxis, and the incidence of PONV in patients who were underwent general anesthesia before and after 5-HT3 receptor antagonists became available.
METHODS: Patients (≥ 20 years old) who were extubated after scheduled surgery and returned to general wards between January 2021 and February 2022 and between June 2022 and July 2023 were included. Risk factors included age < 50, female, motion sickness, nonsmoker, surgical factors, and postoperative opioid use. Two and three or more prophylaxis were recommended for patients with one or two and three or more risk factors, respectively. The primary outcome was the number of patients who received adequate prophylaxis, and the secondary outcomes were antiemetic agents used during anesthesia and the incidence of PONV on postoperative days 0 and 1. PONV was defined as documented PONV or rescue antiemetic administration.
RESULTS: From January 2021 to February 2022 and from June 2022 to July 2023, 2342 and 2682 patients were included, respectively. Before ondansetron became available, more D2 receptor antagonists were used (p < 0.001), and after ondansetron became available, both ondansetron (p < 0.001) and propofol (p < 0.001) were given more frequently. Before and after ondansetron became available, the number of patients with adequate prophylaxis was 3.7% and 9.2%, respectively (p < 0.001), and the incidence of PONV on postoperative days 0 and 1 was 44.6% and 44.0%, respectively (p = 0.67).
CONCLUSION: The availability of ondansetron increased the number of patients with adequate PONV prophylaxis, but did not decrease the incidence of PONV.
This is an open-label (all people know the identity of the intervention), multicenter (conducted in more than one center), dose-titration (dose escalation/reduction) study of topiramate in participants with migraine. This study is a continuous study for the participants who were enrolled in the JNS019-JPN-02 study. Participants who completed the JNS019-JPN-02 study will receive treatment for 52 weeks starting at Visit 4 of the JNS019-JPN-02 study. The present study will consist of 3 weeks of Transfer period (during this period the dose titration will take place and along with dose titration the new treatment will be initiated at 25 milligram per day \[25mg/day\]), Continuous treatment period (32 weeks), Exit period (up to 3 weeks) and Follow-up period (4 weeks). Participants in the Continuous treatment period will receive topiramate tablets orally in the dose range of 50 mg/day to 100 mg/day. Dose can be increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion. The maximum daily dose will be 200 mg/day. Efficacy will be primarily evaluated by change from Baseline in the number of monthly migraine attacks in Continuous treatment period. Participants' safety will be monitored throughout the study.
The present invention provides a human phosphatidylinositol synthase (PISH) and polynucleotides which identify and encode PISH. The invention also provides genetically engineered expression vectors and host cells comprising the nucleic acid sequences encoding PISH and a method for producing PISH. The invention also provides for agonists, antibodies, or antagonists specifically binding PISH, and their use, in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with expression of PISH. The invention also provides for the use of PISH in screening for antiprotozoal and antifungal therapeutics. Additionally, the invention provides for the use of antisense molecules to polynucleotides encoding PISH for the treatment of diseases associated with the expression of PISH. The invention also provides diagnostic assays which utilize the polynucleotide, or fragments or the complement thereof, and antibodies specifically binding PISH.
Up to 61% of critically ill patients have sleep deprivation in ICU. Sleep deprivation can cause delirium and lead to prolonged ICU length of stay and mechanical ventilator days. However, pharmacologic interventions to improve sleep quality and prevent sleep deprivation are poorly tested for efficacy and safety in ICU patients. There were reports of gabapentin increasing slow-wave sleep in healthy populations and insomnia patients with insignificant adverse events. Therefore, gabapentin might increase slow-wave sleep resulting in improving clinical outcomes in adult critically ill patients. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the efficacy, especially on slow-wave sleep, and safety of gabapentin in adult critically ill patients admitted to ICUs at Ramathibodi Hospital, a university hospital, Thailand.
Coccygodynia, also known as coccalgia, coccygeal neuralgia, or tailbone pain, is the word used to describe the pain symptoms that develop in the coccyx region. The discomfort is typically brought on while the person is sitting down, but it can also start when the person stands up. The majority of instances get well within a few weeks to months, but for certain people, the pain might last longer and have an adverse effect on quality of life. Due to the complexity of coccygeal pain in these people, management can be challenging.

The aim of the study is to compare effects of levator ani release exercises and post isometric in patients with coccydynia. A randomized control trial will be conducted at Jinnah hospital Lahore through convenience sampling technique on 46 patients which will be allocated through simple random sampling through sealed opaque enveloped into group A and group B. Group A will be treated with levator ani release exercises and Group B will be treated with post isometric relaxation techniques. Outcome measure will be conducted through pain and disability questionnaire at baseline and after 4 weeks. Data will be analyzed using SPSS software version 21. After assessing normality of data by Shapiro - wilk test, it will be decided either parametric or non-parametric test will be used within a group or between two groups.
This study will employ a randomized, parallel group design with delayed intervention in the control group. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned using a random number generator. The PTSD Checklist (PCL) - Military (measuring PTSD symptoms) will be administered to each participant at week 0 and week 6. Permissions have been obtained for the use of the survey.

Surveys will be identified by randomized number only, to maintain confidentiality. Participants will be assigned a unique identifier. A list of participant's initials and their random assigned numbers will be kept in a locked secure file by the investigator. In this way the participants confidentially will be protected.

The participants assigned to the intervention group will complete the Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP) program that will be performed at an Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association (EAGALA) certified facility. The participants will be going through a 6 week program. The researcher will not be conducting the therapy. An EAGALA certified and licensed Occupational Therapist will be running the therapy as well as a professional Horse Handler for safety. In the event that a participant is in need of additional therapy as a result of this research, a psychotherapist will be on call. Participation will not include riding the horses. "The basis of the EAGALA Model is a belief that all clients have the best solutions for themselves when given the opportunity to discover them. Rather than instructing or directing solutions, \[the instructor\] allow \[their\] clients to experiment, problem-solve, take risks, employ creativity, and find their own solutions that work best for them. No horseback riding is involved. Instead, effective and deliberate techniques are utilized where the horses are metaphors in specific ground-based experiences." (http://www.eagala.org/Information/What_Is_EAGALA_Model) All horse based activities involve inherent risk. The facility and the horses that the participants will be using are used daily for Hippotherapy involving disabled individuals. All safety procedures and precautions outlined by the EAGALA certifications and the therapy facility will be strictly maintained. The participants may decline to do any of the therapy activities and or survey questions at any time. If the certified therapist senses a problem, they will stop the therapy and consult with a psychotherapist.

The participants assigned to the control group will have no intervention related to the research but may continue any preexisting therapy. They will be asked to not initiate any new therapy programs. The participants will be however given the option of delayed EAP after the completion of the 6 week program.