anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Renal Toxicity

Long-term administration of NSAIDs has resulted in renal papillary necrosis and other renal injury.

Renal toxicity has also been seen in patients in whom renal prostaglandins have a compensatory role in the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of an NSAID may cause a dose-dependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may precipitate overt renal decompensation. Patients at greatest risk of this reaction are those with impaired renal function, dehydration, hypovolemia, heart failure, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics and ACE-inhibitors or ARBs, and the elderly. Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the pretreatment state.

No information is available from controlled clinical studies regarding the use of PENNSAID in patients with advanced renal disease. The renal effects of PENNSAID may hasten the progression of renal dysfunction in patients with preexisting renal disease.

Correct volume status in dehydrated or hypovolemic patients prior to initiating PENNSAID. Monitor renal function in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, heart failure, dehydration, or hypovolemia during use of PENNSAID [see Drug Interactions (7)]. Avoid the use of PENNSAID in patients with advanced renal disease unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of worsening renal function. If PENNSAID is used in patients with advanced renal disease, monitor patients for signs of worsening renal function.

Hyperkalemia

Increases in serum potassium concentration, including hyperkalemia, have been reported with use of NSAIDs, even in some patients without renal impairment. In patients with normal renal function, these effects have been attributed to a hyporeninemic-hypoaldosteronism state.
CTDs and Tourette syndrome are neurobehavioral disorders that are characterized by a persistent pattern of motor and vocal tics. Tics are intermittent movements or sounds that occur repeatedly. They can be either brief, rapid, and darting movements or more purposeful movements, such as repetitively locking and unlocking a door. Vocal tics can be simple, as in sniffing or grunting, or more complex, such as complete words or phrases. Tic disorders can cause considerable distress in affected children, and can lead to social and academic impairment. If left untreated, CTDs can last into adulthood. The standard treatment for suppressing CTDs is medication; dopamine-blocking drugs are used most commonly. These medications, however, are associated with a range of adverse effects that can result in poor treatment compliance and premature treatment termination. Recent research suggests that HRT may be an effective, lower risk treatment for CTDs. HRT is a behavioral treatment based on increasing awareness of one's behaviors and replacing unwanted behaviors with less bothersome ones. This study will determine the effectiveness of CBT with HRT in treating CTDs in children and adolescents.

Participants in this double blind study will be randomly assigned to receive either CBT plus HRT or standard care, which will consist of psychoeducation and supportive therapy. All participants will partake in 8 sessions of their assigned therapy over the course of 10 weeks. After the initial 10 weeks, those who responded to treatment will report back to the study site for 3 monthly booster sessions. Changes in tic severity, effects of the therapies on overall functioning and quality of life, and possible predictors of treatment outcome will be assessed.
Heat stress causes barrier dysfunction and inflammation of the small intestine of several species. However, less is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the response of the bovine large intestine to hyperthermia. We aimed to identify changes in the colon of dairy cows in response to constant heat stress using a proteomic approach. Eighteen lactating Holstein dairy cows were kept under constant thermoneutral conditions (16°C and 68% relative humidity [RH]; temperature-humidity index [THI] = 60) for 6 d (period 1) with free access to feed and water. Thereafter, 6 cows were equally allocated to (1) thermoneutral condition with ad libitum feeding (TNAL; 16°C, RH = 68%, THI = 60), (2) heat stress condition (HS; 28°C, RH = 50%, THI = 76) with ad libitum feeding, or (3) pair-feeding at thermoneutrality (TNPF; 16°C, RH = 68%, THI = 60) for another 7 d (period 2). Rectal temperature, milk yield, dry matter and water intake were monitored daily. Then, cows were slaughtered and colon mucosa samples were taken for proteomic analysis. Physiological data were analyzed by ANOVA and colon proteome data were processed using DESeq2 package in R. Rectal temperature was significantly higher in HS than in TNPF and TNAL cows in period 2. Proteomic analysis revealed an enrichment of activated pathways related to colonic barrier function and inflammation, heat shock proteins, AA metabolism, reduced overall protein synthesis rate, and post-transcriptional regulation induced by heat stress. Further regulations were found for enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, presumably to reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species, maintain cellular ATP levels, and prevent apoptosis in the colon of HS cows. These results highlight the cellular, extracellular, and mitochondrial adaptations of the colon during heat stress and suggest a dysfunction of the hindgut barrier integrity potentially resulting in a "leaky" colon.
There is disclosed a multilayer multifunctional self-adhesive anti-allergic bandage-shaped tape coming in various designs and colors. It is 0.2-0.4 mm thick, 1.5 to 5 cm wide, in rolls 1-25 m long (Figure 1). It has limited stiffness 90% in width and length and 95% in width (semi-hard) and length in its second variant (hard); thus, it exhibits two degrees of freedom to adapt to changes in geometry and curvatures of the body. It is made of two layers of cotton (Figure 1, 2) with transverse fibers and anti-allergic adhesive substance (Figure 1, 3). One layer of cotton is impregnated with natural anti-allergic, anti-microbial, anti-rheumatic, antihistamine substances. In addition, it has a non-stick coating that is waterproof on the application surface which is easily detached by the user (Figure 1, 4). The tape in question has a supportive effect on musculoskeletal and chronic diseases, helping in recovery, accelerating- via its active bioactive ingredients- healing, relieving pain and increasing the reflex action of the skin in the direction of the cerebral cortex.
Cellulitis is a frequent pathology in both outpatient and inpatient clinical practice. This article reviews the pathophysiology of cellulitis, as well as the various complementary examinations useful in its diagnosis. It describes current recommendations for its management. Several differential diagnoses may also be considered, such as stasis dermatitis, lymphedema or deep vein thrombosis. These must be distinguished from cellulitis to avoid unnecessary antibiotic therapy. There are also a number of specific cases of cellulitis (necrotizing fasciitis, bites, diabetic foot) requiring special management. These are also discussed in this article.
Tracking cell death in vivo can enable a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying tissue homeostasis and disease. Unfortunately, existing cell death labeling methods lack compatibility with in vivo applications or suffer from low sensitivity, poor tissue penetration, and limited temporal resolution. Here, we fluorescently labeled dead cells in vivo with Trypan Blue (TBlue) to detect single scattered dead cells or to generate whole-mount three-dimensional maps of large areas of necrotic tissue during organ regeneration. TBlue effectively marked different types of cell death, including necrosis induced by CCl4 intoxication in the liver, necrosis caused by ischemia-reperfusion in the skin, and apoptosis triggered by BAX overexpression in hepatocytes. Moreover, due to its short circulating lifespan in blood, TBlue labeling allowed in vivo "pulse and chase" tracking of two temporally spaced populations of dying hepatocytes in regenerating mouse livers. Additionally, upon treatment with cisplatin, TBlue labeled dead cancer cells in livers with cholangiocarcinoma and dead thymocytes due to chemotherapy-induced toxicity, showcasing its utility in assessing anticancer therapies in preclinical models. Thus, TBlue is a sensitive and selective cell death marker for in vivo applications, facilitating the understanding of the fundamental role of cell death in normal biological processes and its implications in disease.
The most successful obesity therapeutics, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists, cause aversive responses such as nausea and vomiting1,2, effects that may contribute to their efficacy. Here, we investigated the brain circuits that link satiety to aversion, and unexpectedly discovered that the neural circuits mediating these effects are functionally separable. Systematic investigation across drug-accessible GLP1R populations revealed that only hindbrain neurons are required for the efficacy of GLP1-based obesity drugs. In vivo two-photon imaging of hindbrain GLP1R neurons demonstrated that most neurons are tuned to either nutritive or aversive stimuli, but not both. Furthermore, simultaneous imaging of hindbrain subregions indicated that area postrema (AP) GLP1R neurons are broadly responsive, whereas nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) GLP1R neurons are biased towards nutritive stimuli. Strikingly, separate manipulation of these populations demonstrated that activation of NTSGLP1R neurons triggers satiety in the absence of aversion, whereas activation of APGLP1R neurons triggers strong aversion with food intake reduction. Anatomical and behavioural analyses revealed that NTSGLP1R and APGLP1R neurons send projections to different downstream brain regions to drive satiety and aversion, respectively. Importantly, GLP1R agonists reduce food intake even when the aversion pathway is inhibited. Overall, these findings highlight NTSGLP1R neurons as a population that could be selectively targeted to promote weight loss while avoiding the adverse side effects that limit treatment adherence.
Long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) prevent, in rodents, insulin resistance (IR) induced by a high-fat and/or fructose diet but not IR induced by glucocorticoids. In humans, contrasting effects have also been reported. We investigated their effects on insulin sensitivity, feed intake (FI) and body weight gain in genetically insulin resistant male obese (fa/fa) Zucker (ZO) rats during the development of obesity. ZO rats were fed a diet supplemented with 7 % fish oil (FO) + 1 % corn oil (CO) (wt/wt) (ZOFO), while the control group was fed a diet containing 8 % fat from CO (wt/wt) (ZOCO). Male lean Zucker (ZL) rats fed either FO (ZLFO) or CO (ZLCO) diet were used as controls. FO was a marine-derived TAG oil containing EPA 90 mg/g + DHA 430 mg/g. During an oral glucose tolerance test, glucose tolerance remained unaltered by FO while insulin response was reduced in ZOFO only. Liver insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp + 2 deoxyglucose) was improved in ZOFO rats, linked to changes in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression, activity and glucose-6-phosphatase activity. FI in response to intra-carotid insulin/glucose infusion was decreased similarly in ZOFO and ZOCO. Hypothalamic ceramides levels were lower in ZOFO than in ZOCO. Our study demonstrates that LC n-3 PUFA can minimise weight gain, possibly by alleviating hypothalamic lipotoxicity, and liver IR in genetically obese Zucker rats.
Medicine name: Radix Astragali Cold Prevention Particle, which is named according to the main functions of the medicine. Radix Astragali (main medicine ingredient): preserve vitality, protect immunity organ, promote immune cellular elements, enhance natural immunity; prevent flu (cold, flu and human bird flu); prevent virus and protect itself; grain (formulation): easy to be absorbed. (Technical fields) combination of epidemiology, virology, immunology, respiratory disease and traditional Chinese medicine. (Preventive medication) A-type bird flu breaks out in 24 countries with 161 human bird flu cases and mortality of 50 Per cent. Because the antigen of A-type bird flu virus is hidden and varied, the preventive vaccine is hard to counteract the epidemic. Therefore, the researchers proposes: enhance natural immunity traditional Chinese medicine-Radix Astragali Flu Prevention Granule to preserve vitality, expel virus, protect immunity organ, promote immune cellular elements, enhance natural immunity, protect easy affected group. Therefore, the invention can be applied to prevent cold, flu and human bird flu.
"ANTIINFECTIVE COMPOSITION CONTAINING NON-IONIC       SURFACTANT"                   Abstract of the Invention The present invention comprises a compound and use which inhibits the growth of mycobacteria and comprises a method of treating humans or animals with the compound.  The present invention also includes a composition useful for treating bacterial infections comprising a mixture of a nonionic block copolymer and a conventional antibiotic. Several conventional antibiotics that can be used with the nonionic copolymer include, but are not limited to, refampin, isoniazid, ethambutol, gentamicin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Further the present invention includes a method for treating a viral infection in a human or animal including infections caused by the HIV virus or virus strains related to the   HIV   virus. The present invention comprises a surface active copoly-mer and is preferably an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide condensation product with the following general formula:        HO(O2H4O)b(C3H6O)a(C2H4O)bH   wherein a is an integer such that the hydrophobe represented by (C3H6O) has a molecular weight of about 1200 to 4000, preferably about 1750 to 3500, and b is an integer such that the hydrophile portion represented by (C2H4O) constitutes approximately 10% to 50% by weight of the compound. In    a    Supplementary Disclosure, the molecular weight range is expanded to about 1200 to 5300 and preferably 1750 to 4500.
PERJETA has been associated with infusion reactions, including fatal events. [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. An infusion reaction was defined in CLEOPATRA as any event described as hypersensitivity, anaphylactic reaction, acute infusion reaction, or cytokine release syndrome occurring during an infusion or on the same day as the infusion. The initial dose of PERJETA was given the day before trastuzumab and docetaxel to allow for the examination of PERJETA-associated reactions. On the first day, when only PERJETA was administered, the overall frequency of infusion reactions was 13% in the PERJETA-treated group and 10% in the placebo-treated group. Less than 1% were Grade 3 or 4. The most common infusion reactions (≥ 1.0%) were pyrexia, chills, fatigue, headache, asthenia, hypersensitivity, and vomiting. 

During the second cycle when all drugs were administered on the same day, the most common infusion reactions in the PERJETA-treated group (≥ 1.0%) were fatigue, dysgeusia, hypersensitivity, myalgia, and vomiting.

In NeoSphere, TRYPHAENA, and APHINITY, PERJETA was administered on the same day as the other study treatment drugs. For APHINITY, infusion-related reactions occurred in 21% of patients on the first day of PERJETA administration (in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy) and in 18% of patients in the placebo arm. The incidence of Grade 3-4 National Cancer Institute - Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI - CTCAE v4.0) reactions was 1% for the PERJETA arm and 0.7% for the placebo arm.

Observe patients closely for 60 minutes after the first infusion and for 30 minutes after subsequent infusions of PERJETA. If a significant infusion-related reaction occurs, slow or interrupt the infusion, and administer appropriate medical therapies. Monitor patients carefully until complete resolution of signs and symptoms. Consider permanent discontinuation in patients with severe infusion reactions [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
PURPOSE:To obtain a deodorizer which has the high power to deodorize CH3SH, is not deactivated in ethanol and has low toxicity by using 1 or >=2 kinds selected from specific compds. as an effective component for deodorization. CONSTITUTION:1 Or >=2 kinds selected from the 5,8-dihydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-4- methyl-3-pentenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone expressed by the formula I, the 7,11b- dihydrobenz[b]indeno[1,2-d]pyrane-3,6a,9,10(6H)-tetrol expressed by the formula IIand the oxide thereof, the 7,11b-dihydrobenz[b]indeno[1,2-d]pyrane-3,4,6a,9, 10(6H)-pentol expressed by the formula III and the oxide thereof are used as the effective component for deodorization. Such components are used independently or in combination with the other effective components for deodorization as a deodorant for industrial and household uses. Said components are also used after the components are prepd. into a compsn. for the oral cavity such as tooth paste, mouth wash, etc. fot the purpose of preventing bad breadth.
Participants will complete individual interviews moderated by the research staff. Interviews will be based on the guide but will be minimally structured to facilitate exploration of novel topics as raised by participants and to ensure information-rich data on topics of interest. Individual interviews will be \~30-45 minutes in length, conducted in the subject's primary language with the use of an interpreter as appropriate. All interviews will be audio-recorded with participants' permission, transcribed, and translated into English for analysis.
Clinical studies have not been conducted with Promethazine VC with Codeine Oral Solution in geriatric populations.

Use caution when considering the use of Promethazine VC with Codeine Oral Solution in patients 65 years of age or older. Elderly patients may have increased sensitivity to codeine; greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function; or concomitant disease or other drug therapy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6) ]. 

Respiratory depression is the chief risk for elderly patients treated with opioids, including Promethazine VC with Codeine Oral Solution. Respiratory depression has occurred after large initial doses of opioids were administered to patients who were not opioid-tolerant or when opioids were co-administered with other agents that depress respiration [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6, 5.10) ]. 

Codeine is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, monitor these patients closely for respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension.
The present invention relates to an improved fragrance controlled release system that can be incorporated into anhydrous consumer and cosmetic products such as powder laundry detergents, underarm deodorant or antiperspirant sticks, soap bars, body deodorant powders, foot spray, hygiene sprays, feminine napkin sprays, undergarment sprays, and the like that provides a high intensity odor signal such as a high impact fragrance burst in response to moisture. A selected fragrance is encapsulated in a water-sensitive matrix material. The high impact fragrance burst in response to moisture is achieved by formulating the fragrance or fragrance ingredients that are encapsulated to provide improved fragrance release in response to moisture. The encapsulated fragrance is formulated by combining fragrance ingredients such that their interaction with water results in increasing their relative content in the headspace of the system proximate environment after the system has been exposed to moisture. Examples of suitable fragrance ingredients have ClogP≦4.0 and boiling point≦300 degrees C. The present invention also can provide multiple fragrance bursts in response to moisture. Multiple fragrance bursts can be achieved by formulating the moisture sensitive matrix material with materials having different dissolution rates. The invention further relates to anhydrous consumer and cosmetic product compositions comprising the improved fragrance controlled release system of the present invention.
The onset of puberty, which is under the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, is influenced by various factors, including obesity, which has been associated with the earlier onset of puberty. Obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation may cause premature activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, resulting in the development of precocious or early puberty. Mechanisms involving phoenixin action and hypothalamic microglial cells are implicated. Furthermore, obesity induces structural and cellular brain alterations, disrupting metabolic regulation. Imaging studies reveal neuroinflammatory changes in obese individuals, impacting pubertal timing. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy enables the assessment of the brain's neurochemical composition by measuring key metabolites, highlighting potential pathways involved in neurological changes associated with obesity. In this article, we present evidence indicating a potential association among obesity, hypothalamic inflammation, and precocious puberty.
This study aims to address the present health inequity by refinement of an existing drug regimen to improve the current and future health of pre-school children and infants. Praziquantel is cheap, highly efficacious and safe, presenting a realistic opportunity of using a pre-existing tool in a modified way to benefit child health and development. The study will focus on children aged 1 to 10 years of age, comparing the impact of single vs. double treatment with PZQ on the current and future health status of the children. The immediate health benefits of PZQ treatment in children aged 6-10 years of age have already been documented and therefore by including 6-10 year olds in the proposed study, we can determine if the effects of PZQ treatment on health and morbidity measures is age dependent. By killing worms PZQ stops the morbidity related to the presence of worms and eggs such as anaemia, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and blood in the urine. Therefore the study will investigate the immediate health benefits of treating pre-school children and infants.
The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of biologically active amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC)-polyphosphate microparticles. The method comprises preparing an aqueous solution of a polyphosphate salt (polyP) in about 0.1M sodium hydroxide; adding about 0.5mol/L of sodium carbonate; diluting the resulting solution with about 1.5 volumes of deionized water; and mixing the solution with the same volume of an aqueous solution containing calcium chloride such that an about equimolar concentration ratio between calcium ions and carbonate ions results. The mixture is then washed with a lower alkyl ketone at about room temperature, followed by filtering and drying of a precipitate as formed. Preferably the polyphosphate salt is sodium polyphosphate (Na-polyP). Also claimed is an implant material produced by the method, preferably an artificial bone implant. The polyphosphate is thought to block the transformation of the metastable ACC into the most stable crystalline calcium carbonate polymorph. This stabilized ACC composition is claimed to be used as a food or dietary supplement, for use in the treatment of calcium deficiency and for use in the prophylaxis and/or therapy of osteoporosis.