anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Even though expert opinion recommends annual digital ano-rectal exams (DARE) for detection of anal cancer tumors among men having sex with men (MSM), the procedure is severely underutilized by clinicians and it is not known how to increase utilization. This is problematic in the context of an extremely high incidence of anal cancer among MSM, no proven treatment for anal precancerous lesions, and lack of screening infrastructure for detecting precancerous lesions, even in high-resource countries.

The long-term goal of this study is to decrease morbidity and mortality from anal cancer by increasing detection of anal canal tumors through self- or partner-palpation of the anal canal. Preliminary data indicate these exams are feasible and highly acceptable among MSM. In a diverse sample of 200 MSM, 93% of men correctly classified their anal self-exam (ASE) or anal companion exam (ACE) as either normal or abnormal, and 94% said the exams were acceptable. Given these findings, our overall objective is to determine the viability of the ASE and ACE by assessing exam accuracy and consistency of results in two clinic sites. Accuracy will be defined as concordance between clinician DARE and participant exam. The central hypothesis is that both ASE and ACE at visit 1 will have ≥70% sensitivity and ≥90% specificity using the clinician DARE as the gold standard at each of two visits. We will test the hypothesis with three specific aims: 1) Estimate ASE and ACE sensitivity and specificity; 2) Determine independent factors associated with ASE and ACE concordance; and 3) Determine the impact of ASE, ACE, and DARE on survival and quality of life, and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these strategies among HIV+ and HIV- MSM and transgender persons. The aims will be accomplished with a study in Houston and Chicago with a sample of 100 couples (i.e., 200 partners) and 600 single persons (one-half HIV-positive), aged \>=25 years, who will perform a clinician-taught ASE or ACE. The individual's ASE and partner's ACE will then be compared with the clinician's DARE. The assessment will be done at each of two visits, spaced six-months apart, to assess retention of exam accuracy.

At the end of visit 1, one-half of participants, i.e., 300 individuals and 50 couples (stratified by city) will be randomly selected and encouraged to practice the ASE/ACE three months before Visit 2. Study staff will make reminder calls (or emails/texts) and follow-up calls for the scheduled practice session. At the follow-up calls, study staff will record the participant's result for the self/companion exam and the level of anxiety and pain, if any, associated with the exam. If the participant reports more than minimal pain and anxiety, they will be asked to return to the clinic for an exam. Regardless of prior results, all persons will be asked to return for Visit 2.
Experimental arm will be treated with PRM regimen (pomadomide in combination with rituximab and methotrexate) for 4 cycles as initiate induction. If the patients achieved complete remission（CR）or partial remission（PR）, They would be consolidated by autologous transplantation consolidation regimen or the original regimen for additional 2 courses, and then were given pomadomide maintenance therapy for 12 cycles.
In recent decades, carbohydrate-centered food pattern has brought worrying negative effects on human health, including increasing incidence of overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Animal experiments based on rhesus monkey showed that caloric restriction could prolong their healthy life years, while reports from population-based studies are quite inconclusive. There are some studies reporting that caloric restriction did reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in those with obesity, while some other cohort studies found that not eating breakfast might increase the risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes and other related diseases. In addition, a number of studies claimed that continuous caloric restriction is associated with the depletion of peripheral immune cells, immune suppression and reduced bone mineral density. In spite of those inconclusive results, on the whole, fasting and caloric restriction in some way do improve the conditions of metabolism, overweight and obesity. Previous studies mostly focused on middle-aged and elderly people, while recent studies in mice show that energy limitation in elderly people could not stop the aging process genetically or metabolically. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the effects of caloric restriction and exercise on body weight, cardiovascular metabolic markers, immune function, and intestinal flora among college students, as well as the underlying mechanisms. A pilot study containing around 40 participants will be conducted firstly to assess the feasibility of this intervention plan.
Based on clinical and experimental observations the study will focus on defining the effects of two different formulas on intestinal permeability, IL (interleukin)-17 immunity, serum metabolome, and gut microflora. The study will be based on a randomized pilot intervention trial using an intention to treat statistical analysis to compare e.g. gut permeability between the two treatment groups. The investigators hypothesize that the extensively hydrolyzed casein formula decreases intestinal permeability, down-regulates IL-17 immunity and proinflammatory lysophosphatidylcholines, and stabilize Lactobacilli levels in the gut microflora when compared to the conventional cow's milk formula. The study population comprises 120 newborn infants with HLA(Human Leukocyte Antigen)-conferred susceptibility to T1D. The mothers will be encouraged to exclusively breast-feed their infants as long as possible. The timing of weaning and introduction of study formula will be left to the mother. The infants are randomized to be weaned to one of two study formulas: ( i) standard cow's milk formula and (ii) an extensively hydrolyzed casein formula. The target will be that the infant should be exposed to his/her study formula for at least 90 days before the age of 270 days. The diet of the infant will be studied with 3-day food records at the age of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. To estimate the amount of breast milk received the weight of the infant will be measured just before and after each lactation. The HLA genotype will be analyzed from cord blood, and the result will be available within 10 days after birth. The family will visit the Study Center when the infant is 3, 6, 9, and 12-month-old. Blood samples will be obtained on each visit. In addition the families are asked to collect stool samples at home once a month during the study. Intestinal permeability will be assessed with the lactulose/mannitol test at the age of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Gut microflora will be analyzed with high-throughput, culture-independent methods and serum metabolome with established metabolomics platforms. Il-17 immunity will be studied using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This work will generate novel knowledge of the disease process leading to overt T1D by studying potential mechanism(s) mediating the protective effect conferred by an extensively hydrolyzed casein formula against beta-cell autoimmunity. The identification of such mechanism(s) will most likely facilitate the refinement of effective preventive measures based on modifications of early infant nutrition.
A randomized, controlled, single-center, double-blind, clinical trial, with 1:1 allocation ratio, were carried out involving patients diagnosis of CMC joint OA grade 1-2 (aged 18 years and above). Both assessor and statistician remained blinded. The research diagnostic criteria for carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis was used to assess all individuals who agree to participate. All participants were submitted to a clinical examination and X-ray assessment of thumb base to determine carpometacarpal osteoarthritis grade. Based on the clinical and radiological findings, the participants were classified by a rheumatology. Those with CMC OA grade 2-3 were included in the study. The experimental group received laser therapy and control group received a placebo treatment.

The primary outcome measures was pain scores during daily living activities (DLA)- at the base of the thumb measured with VAS (Unidimensional measure of pain: 0-10 (0, no pain and 10, worst pain), and changes in hand function measured using the Quick-Dash questionnaire. Secondary outcome measures included changes in pinch strength. All outcome measures were collected at baseline, immediately following the intervention at 4 weeks and at 12 weeks following the end of the intervention.
The main objective is to assess how different protein blends affect growth factors in children. There is evidence to support that milk protein increases growth in children in both high and low-income countries. Therefore milk protein is often used in food aid for undernourished children in low-income countries. The study investigates if plant protein can partially replace milk protein without affecting growth promotion negatively. Plant protein could potentially reduce food aid costs and at the same time be a more sustainable protein source.

The PROGRO study is a 3-arm randomized, controlled trial. The effect of consuming 35 g pure milk protein/day is compared to intake of 35 g milk and rapeseed protein/day (ratio 30:70 and 54:46, respectively) in 7-8 year old healthy Danish children. The intervention period is 4 weeks and measurements and blood sampling are performed at baseline, week 1 and week 4. A 3-day weighed dietary intake is recorded before each visit. The primary outcome is Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
There is renewed interest in cemented femoral fixation in total hip arthroplasty in the United States, and to fully appreciate the evolution of cemented femoral stem designs, an understanding of their history and design rationale is essential. To adequately study the outcomes of modern-day designs, a comprehensive classification system is also necessary. The biomechanical principles, failure mechanisms, and clinical outcomes associated with various cemented femoral stems are described in this comprehensive review. In addition, an updated version of an existing classification system is described that incorporates the primary design characteristics which differentiate implants currently in use. In this classification, implants are categorized as taper-slip (Type I), which are subdivided by Anatomic (IA), Double-Taper (IB), and Triple-Taper (IC) with subclassification for Traditional and Line-to-Line implants. Composite beam (Type II) implants are similarly divided into Anatomic (IIA), Straight (IIB), and Wedge (IIC) with subclassification for Polished, Satin, or Roughened finish. This classification system provides a basis for comparing cemented femoral stems, thereby improving our understanding of the effect of design characteristics on survivorship to guide future advancements and improve clinical outcomes.
RATIONALE: The efficacy and safety of antidepressant augmentation therapy with aripiprazole (AATA) has been established; however, the ongoing effects of continuing aripiprazole after remission remain unclear because no studies have examined this issue.
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the effect of AATA discontinuation on the major depressive disorder (MDD) recurrence risk in patients with remitted MDD after AATA.
METHODS: This 24-week, multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial evaluated recurrence risk in patients with MDD who achieved remission with AATA. Differences in MDD recurrence, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, between the two groups were compared using survival analysis. The differences in depressive symptom severity and social functioning between the two groups were compared using a mixed model with repeated measures. Extrapyramidal symptoms and akathisia were also assessed.
RESULTS: Twenty-three participants were randomized and treated. Two patients in each group experienced recurrence during the study. Kaplan-Meier analysis with Log-rank comparison showed no difference in recurrence between groups (p = 0.642). No significant difference in interactions between group and period was observed in the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (p = 0.492) or the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (p = 0.638). No patients developed extrapyramidal symptoms or akathisia.
CONCLUSIONS: Definitive conclusions could not be drawn owing to the small sample size. This study represents a starting point for investigating the safety of aripiprazole discontinuation on recurrence in patients with MDD who have achieved remission with AATA. Future studies with appropriate sample sizes calculated based on this study are needed.
Serrated epithelial change (SEC) in inflammatory bowel disease is most often defined as hyperplastic polyp-like mucosal change detected on random biopsies. Although SEC has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of synchronous and/or metachronous colorectal neoplasia, it remains unknown if SEC represents a form of dysplastic lesion despite the lack of morphologic evidence of dysplasia. Since the risk of colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis (UC) is positively correlated with increased histologic inflammation, this study investigated if increased colonic inflammation is an independent risk factor for SEC. A cohort of 28 UC patients with SEC was analyzed and compared with 51 control UC patients without SEC. None of these patients had a history of colorectal neoplasia. For each patient with SEC, all biopsies conducted before and at the time of SEC diagnosis (versus all biopsies for each control patient) were scored by using a 4-point scoring system: no activity (no epithelial infiltration by neutrophils=0); mild activity (cryptitis only=1); moderate activity (cryptitis plus crypt abscess formation in <50% of crypts=2); and severe activity (crypt abscess formation in ≥50% of crypts, erosion, neutrophilic exudate, and/or ulceration=3). Each biopsy was designated a score, and both mean and maximum inflammation scores were calculated from all biopsies taken during each colonoscopy. The inflammation burden score was calculated for each surveillance interval by multiplying the average maximum score between each pair of surveillance episodes by the length of the surveillance interval in years. The average scores of all colonoscopies for each patient were used to assign the patient's overall mean, maximum, and inflammation burden scores. The SEC cohort included 12 (43%) men and 16 (57%) women with a mean age of 47 years at the time of the first SEC diagnosis and a long history of UC (mean: 13 y). The majority of patients (n=21; 75%) had pancolitis, and only 1 (4%) patient had primary sclerosing cholangitis. A total of 37 SEC were identified in the 28 patients, 4 (14%) of whom had multifocal SEC. SEC was predominantly found in the left colon (n=32; 86%). In the multivariate analysis, none of the 3 summative inflammation scores, including overall mean (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, P =0.489), maximum (OR 0.4, P =0.259), and inflammation burden scores (OR 1.2, P =0.223), were significantly associated with the development of SEC. Similarly, no other potential risk factors, including age, gender, ethnicity, and duration and extent of UC, were significantly correlated with the detection of SEC ( P >0.05). In conclusion, the development of SEC in UC is not significantly associated with increased histologic inflammation. Given the reported association of SEC with an increased risk of synchronous and/or metachronous colorectal neoplasia, along with the presence of molecular alterations in some cases (such as TP53 mutations and aneuploidy), SEC may represent an early morphologic indicator of segmental or pan-colonic molecular abnormalities that have not advanced enough to result in colorectal neoplasia, as opposed to being a form of dysplasia.
The proposed study addresses the high level of stigma against people living with HIV (PLWH), particularly gender and sexual minorities, that is embedded in the Dominican Republic's HIV treatment system through the adaptation and testing of a patient-provider intervention -- Finding Respect and Ending Stigma around HIV (FRESH). The Dominican Republic is a high priority setting with an increasing need for HIV stigma reduction studies. The Caribbean holds the second highest regional burden of HIV in the world, yet receives insufficient HIV-related stigma research funding. The Dominican Republic is 1 of 5 countries that accounts for over 95% of all Caribbean HIV infections; it also has a significant concentrated HIV epidemic, a deeply conservative society in which PLWH are stigmatized, and an exceptionally low national viral load suppression rate. To accomplish this pilot study, three Specific Aims are proposed. Aim 1 is to explore sources, characteristics, and consequences of HIV-related and intersectional stigmas experienced in healthcare settings by MSM and transgender women to inform the adaptation of FRESH. To accomplish Aim 1, we will conduct qualitative in-depth interviews with healthcare workers who provide HIV care, focus groups with MSM, and in-depth interviews with transgender women. Aim 2 is to adapt FRESH to address stigmas experienced by MSM and transgender women in the Dominican Republic. We will apply the Aim 1 findings using the ADAPT-ITT framework to systematically adapt FRESH, an intervention that has been employed to reduce stigma in healthcare settings in Africa and the United States. Through an iterative process, each revision of FRESH will be shared with both PLWH and healthcare workers to solicit and incorporate their feedback about each version of the adapted intervention. Aim 3 will pilot-test the adapted intervention to obtain estimates of its ability to reduce stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors from HWs and experiences of stigma reported by sexual and gender minorities (SGM) and non-SGM clients living with HIV (primary); while exploring if FRESH has the potential to influence clinic-level HIV cascade outcomes.. By adapting and testing the FRESH intervention for the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, FRESH could become a validated, multi-region HIV and intersectional stigma reduction intervention designed specifically for healthcare settings in high-stigma, culturally conservative, resource-constrained communities; such a scientific development would be a significant contribution to HIV stigma reduction efforts in the Caribbean and globally.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of disability, mental health disorder, and even death, with its incidence and social costs rising steadily. Although different treatment strategies have been developed and tested to mitigate neurological decline, a definitive cure for these conditions remains elusive. Studies have revealed that various neurotrophins represented by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor are the key regulators of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, blood-brain barrier permeability, neurite regeneration, and memory function. These factors are instrumental in alleviating neuroinflammation and promoting neuroregeneration. In addition, neural stem cells (NSC) contribute to nerve repair through inherent neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties, the release of neurotrophins, the activation of endogenous NSCs, and intercellular signaling. Notably, innovative research proposals are emerging to combine BDNF and NSCs, enabling them to synergistically complement and promote each other in facilitating injury repair and improving neuron differentiation after TBI. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of neurotrophins in promoting neurogenesis and restoring neural function after TBI, comprehensively explore the potential therapeutic effects of various neurotrophins in basic research on TBI, and investigate their interaction with NSCs. This endeavor aims to provide a valuable insight into the clinical treatment and transformation of neurotrophins in TBI, thereby promoting the progress of TBI therapeutics.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare a cosmetic free from smell which is characteristic to marine algae, directly using marine algae itself and having good feelings upon use.  <P>SOLUTION: The cosmetic is obtained by adding powder of one or more kinds of marine algae selected from Meristotheca papulosa, Solieria pacifica(Yamada)Yoshida, Chondracanthus teedii and Callophyllis japonica and having ≤1 mm, preferably 0.25 mm particle diameter to a cosmetic. The cosmetic has action of skin nutrient ingredients of the marine algae and is free from sea reef smelling which is characteristic to the marine algae. The cosmetic is of dissolution/swelling type or of partial dissolution/disperse type according to kinds of these algae and each type has a cosmetic application suitable for the each type. The addition of the powder for cosmetic becomes more effective by adding the powder to a cosmetic just when the cosmetic is used.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Participants will receive viral load testing at transition from LPV/r-based to DTG-based ART, and subsequent routine viral load data will be analysed. Baseline actigraphy data will be collected for two weeks prior to transition (actigraphy period 1), and for four weeks after transition (actigraphy period 2 from 0-2 weeks after transition; actigraphy period 3 from 2-4 weeks after transition). Sleep diaries will be filled in during all actigraphy periods. Questionnaires will be filled in and dried blood spots taken at transition as well as two and four weeks after transition. Medical history as well as clinical and socio-demographic data will be collected.
In the comparison arm, a curriculum focused on career readiness will be implemented. Youth will receive eight two-hour sessions or 16 one-hour sessions over four to eight weeks for a total of 14 hours and 40 minutes of programming.
The invention relates to oral and dental hygiene products consisting of aqueous, aqueous-alcoholic or anhydrous preparations containing an active combination of a water-soluble potassium or strontium salt and eugenol or oil of cloves, for desensitizing sensitive teeth. Said combination contains preferably at least 0.5 wt. % potassium or strontium ions, e.g. in the form of the nitrate, and at least 0.01 wt. % eugenol, preferably in the form of oil of cloves. Desensitizing toothpastes contain an additional 5-50 wt. % of a polishing agent, 1 wt. % thereof being dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and 10-60 wt. % being a humectant, and preferably 0.1-0.5 wt. % magnesium in the form of a dissolved salt and 0.2-2 wt. % monofluorophosphate.
HyBryte (0.25 % hypericin) ointment will be applied to CTCL lesions and treated with visible light 18-24 hours later starting at 5 J/cm\^2. Drug application/light session will be done twice a week (at least 2 calendar days apart) for 8 weeks.
Acute leukemia (AL), one of the hematological malignancies, shows high heterogeneity. Tremendous progresses are achieved in treating AL with novel targeted drugs and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, there are numerous issues including pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and therapeutic efficacy of AL to be solved. In recent years, an increasing number of studies regarding microbiome have shed more lights on the role of gut microbiota in promoting AL progression. Mechanisms related to the role of gut microbiota in enhancing AL genesis are summarized in the present work, especially on critical pathways like leaky gut, bacterial dysbiosis, microorganism-related molecular patterns, and bacterial metabolites, resulting in AL development. Additionally, the potential of gut microbiota as the biomarker for early AL diagnosis is discussed. It also outlooks therapies targeting gut microbiota for preventing AL development.