anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Saxagliptin and metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets 

Saxagliptin and metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets combine two antihyperglycemic medications with complementary mechanisms of action to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes: saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, and metformin hydrochloride, a biguanide. 

Saxagliptin

Increased concentrations of the incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are released into the bloodstream from the small intestine in response to meals. These hormones cause insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent manner but are inactivated by the DPP4 enzyme within minutes. GLP-1 also lowers glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells, reducing hepatic glucose production. In patients with type 2 diabetes, concentrations of GLP-1 are reduced but the insulin response to GLP-1 is preserved. Saxagliptin is a competitive DPP4 inhibitor that slows the inactivation of the incretin hormones, thereby increasing their bloodstream concentrations and reducing fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations in a glucose-dependent manner in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 

Metformin hydrochloride 

Metformin improves glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes, lowering both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin does not produce hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes or in healthy subjects except in unusual circumstances [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)] and does not cause hyperinsulinemia. With metformin therapy, insulin secretion remains unchanged while fasting insulin levels and day-long plasma insulin response may actually decrease.
Contraception

Females should not be pregnant or become pregnant while receiving Rapamune. Advise females of reproductive potential that animal studies have been shown Rapamune to be harmful to the developing fetus. Females of reproductive potential are recommended to use highly effective contraceptive method. Effective contraception must be initiated before Rapamune therapy, during Rapamune therapy, and for 12 weeks after Rapamune therapy has been stopped [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15), Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Infertility

Based on clinical findings and findings in animals, male and female fertility may be compromised by the treatment with Rapamune [see Adverse Reactions (6.7), Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)]. Ovarian cysts and menstrual disorders (including amenorrhea and menorrhagia) have been reported in females with the use of Rapamune. Azoospermia has been reported in males with the use of Rapamune and has been reversible upon discontinuation of Rapamune in most cases.
This is an open-label (physician and participant will know the name of the assigned drug), multi-center, non-randomized, drug-drug interaction study of JNJ-39758979 in participants with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on a stable oral methotrexate (MTX) dose (7.5 - 25 mg). The treatment phase will last 17 days. Participants will be housed in the clinic for dosing and study procedures from Day -1 to Day 3 and again from Day 13 to Day 17. Participants completing treatment will have a follow-up visit between Days 22 and 25. Participants who discontinue the study prematurely will complete the Day 22 to 25 follow-up procedures at the time of discontinuation or as soon as possible, thereafter. The length of participation in the study for an individual participant may be up to 9 weeks (including screening). Participant safety will be monitored. Day 1: A single oral dose of the participant's weekly methotrexate dose. Days 3-15: Weekly MTX co-administered with three 100-mg, enteric-coated tablets of JNJ-39758979, administered daily.
The invention discloses an oat oil and an extraction method and application thereof. The oat oil is extracted by the following steps: firstly, the oat bran is added in petroleum ether and is reflux-extracted under 60-80 DEG C for 4-12 hours to get extraction liquid; secondly, oat oil crude oil is got by removing the residue in the extraction liquid and rotary evaporating to remove the petroleum ether. The method of the invention uses the bran which has the most oil content in the oat as raw material, uses the petroleum ether to extract, and has the unexampled advantages of little residual oil content, high oil extraction rate, low processing cost, good production conditions, and fully usage rate of oil plants and so on. The oat oil gained after being purified has the colors from yellowish green to brownish yellow, has good transparency, and has full-bodied natural oat fragrance. The physical and chemical indexes of acid valence, iodine valence and saponification value etc. have all met experimental design requirements, and the oat oil has the qualification to be taken as cosmetics additive.
PURPOSE:To enable easy releasing of a lipstick and a die for a short time without injuring the lipstick by a method wherein the die in which the lipstick is contained is expanded by heating the surroundings of the die with hot air flowing from an opened end side toward a closed end to form a space between the hardened lipstick and the die. CONSTITUTION:A die 36 filled in with a lipstick 38 is arranged in a heating room 2a of a heater 1. Hot air is sent through a jet port 4 toward the surroundings near an opened end of the die 36. The hot air flows along the surroundings of the die 36 and is exhausted through an exhaust port 13. At this time, each part of the die 36 contacted with the hot airstream raises its temperature uniformly for a short time. The die 36 expands much larger than the lipstick 38 due to a difference of coefficient of thermal expansion and a space is formed between the die 36 and lipstick 38, whereby the die 36 becomes easy to detach from the lipstick 38. Then, a lipstick container is fixed upright in a holder 20 and the die 36 is held at the lower side of a flange by an arch-shaped holding piece 29 of a pulling device 27, and then a connecting rod 28 of the pulling device 27 is made to ascend so that the die 36 is separated upward from the lipstick 38.
PURPOSE: Disability in activities of daily living (ADL) is a common unmet need among people with advanced respiratory disease. Rehabilitation could help prolong independence, but indicators for timely intervention in this population are lacking. This study aimed to identify trajectories of disability in ADLs over time, and predicting factors, in advanced respiratory disease.
METHOD: Multi-site prospective cohort study in people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or interstitial lung disease (ILD), recruited from hospital or community services, throughout England. Disability in basic (Barthel Index) and instrumental (Lawton-Brody IADL Scale) ADLs were assessed monthly over six months. Visual graphical analysis determined individual trajectories. Multivariate logistic regression examined predictors of increasing disability in basic and instrumental ADLs.
FINDINGS: Between March 2020 and January 2021, we recruited participants with a diagnosis of NSCLC (n = 110), COPD (n = 72), and ILD (n = 19). 151 participants completed ≥3 timepoints and were included in the longitudinal analysis. Mobility limitation was an independent predictor of increasing disability in instrumental ADLs (odds ratio, 1⋅41 [CI: 1⋅14-1⋅74], p = 0⋅002).
CONCLUSION: Mobility limitation could be used as a simple referral criterion across people with advanced respiratory disease to ensure timely rehabilitation that targets independence in ADLs.
People with sickle cell disease (SCD) often experience chronic pain as well as unpredictable episodes of acute pain, which significantly affects their quality of life and life expectancy. Current treatment strategies for SCD-associated pain primarily rely on opioid analgesics, which have limited efficacy and cause serious adverse effects. Cannabis has emerged as a potential alternative, yet its efficacy remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the antinociceptive effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabis' intoxicating constituent, in male HbSS mice, which express >99% human sickle hemoglobin, and male HbAA mice, which express normal human hemoglobin A, as a control. Acute THC administration (0.1-3 mg/kg-1, i.p.) dose-dependently reduced mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in human sickle hemoglobin (HbSS) but not human normal hemoglobin A (HbAA) mice. In the tail-flick assay, THC (1 and 3 mg/kg-1, i.p.) produced substantial antinociceptive effects in HbSS mice. By contrast, THC (1 mg/kg-1, i.p.) did not alter anxiety-like behavior (elevated plus maze) or long-term memory (24-hour novel object recognition). Subchronic THC treatment (1 and 3 mg/kg-1, i.p.) provided sustained relief of mechanical hypersensitivity but led to tolerance in cold hypersensitivity in HbSS mice. Together, the findings identify THC as a possible therapeutic option for the management of chronic pain in SCD. Further research is warranted to elucidate its mechanism of action and possible interaction with other cannabis constituents. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The study explores Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)'s efficacy in alleviating pain in sickle cell disease (SCD) using a humanized mouse model. Findings indicate that acute THC administration reduces mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in SCD mice without impacting emotional and cognitive dysfunction. Subchronic THC treatment offers sustained relief of mechanical hypersensitivity but leads to cold hypersensitivity tolerance. These results offer insights into THC's potential as an alternative pain management option in SCD, highlighting both its benefits and limitations.
1. A method for the treatment or prevention of interstitial cystitis or urethral syndrome in a mammal which comprise administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of duloxetine. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mammal is administered between 30 and 150 mg of duloxetine per day. 3. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the duloxetine is administered as an enteric tablet. 4. A pharmaceutical formulation containing, as an active ingredient, duloxetine adapted for use in the treatment or prevention of interstitial cystitis or urethral syndrome. 5. The use of duloxetine for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of interstitial cystitis or urethral syndrome.
BACKGROUND: Carotid web is a thin shelf-like fibrointimal membrane arising from the posterior or posterolateral wall of the carotid bulb. Webs cause stroke, especially in younger adults with high risk of recurrence.
METHODS: To report the first case of de-novo formation of an asymptomatic carotid web and describe longitudinal clinical-angiographic follow-up.
RESULTS: A previously healthy 50-year-old White female presented with acute vestibular syndrome. Brain MRI showed no brain infarction. An arch-to-vertex CT angiogram showed normal posterior circulation, however, the left internal carotid artery bulb had a thin shelf-like projection into the lumen arising from the posterior wall of the artery - an incidental carotid web. A CT angiogram performed seven years earlier showed normal carotid arteries. The three-year angiographic follow-up showed an unchanged angiographic appearance of the carotid web. The patient preferred staying on aspirin and suffered no retinal or cerebral ischemic event during the 5-year clinic follow-up.
CONCLUSION: Our case suggests de novo (acquired) formation of a carotid web in an adult. This challenges the prevailing theory that carotid web is a congenital/developmental lesion.
Patients undergo standard of care pelvic exam at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 month follow ups. Patients also complete patient reported outcome measures at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 12 month follow ups.
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is used as an adjunctive or stand alone procedure for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. When used as an adjunctive therapy to Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty, laser angioplasty, atherectomy, stenting, or any other interventional or surgical procedure, it has been found that the treatment timing is critical to the success of the combined therapies. A photosensitizer is administered prior to the surgical or interventional procedure and then readministered after the procedure to maintain the photosensitizer concentration level in the atheromatous plaque and smooth muscle cells in the vicinity of the lesion for a period of about 5-18 days, the period in which cell proliferation can occur. The photosensitizer inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and, thus, minimizes or eliminates the possibility of re-stenosis. The photosensitizer is then illuminated at the end of this period, thereby lysing the atheromatous plaque and smooth muscles. The photosensitizer inhibits atheromatic smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Receives 5 injections of Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection (IAI) beginning Day 1, and then at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. Following the 5 initial injections, this group will receive IAI every 8 weeks, beginning week 24, through week 48.
Acute diseases constitute the majority of applications made to pediatric emergency services. Inhaled drugs are frequently used in the treatment of childhood acute respiratory system diseases. Nebulizers are the preferred method of administering inhaled drugs. Medical procedures are one of the biggest fears of children, making it difficult to use nebulizers correctly and effectively. The negative reaction of the child to the mask and nebulizer during inhaler treatment causes incorrect inhalation patterns, reducing the safety and effectiveness of the treatment. This causes difficulties in relieving symptoms, increased hospital admission and hospitalization time, more treatment costs, and even negative consequences such as increased morbidity.

Reducing the fear and anxiety seen in children due to the hospital environment and illness is important in terms of children's acceptance of the treatment process. One of the methods used for this purpose is therapeutic play. Pediatric nurses should fulfill their nursing roles and responsibilities by including therapeutic play in their care processes.
The present invention provides, inter alia, a composition of particles, the particles comprising a substrate; at least one first compressive layer comprising at least one first dopant entity; and at least one second layer comprising a second dopant entity. In some embodiments, different dopant entities are included in different layers. In some embodiments, such dopant entities are or comprise detectable entities. In some embodiments, this provides a technique to implement multi-modal particles. Among the many advantages of the provided techniques are the ability to image particles through a variety of unique imaging modalities and/or in a variety of situations (e.g., pre-operative, intra-operative, and/or post-operative environments). The present invention provides methods comprising a single administration of particles to a subject, followed by multiple steps of imaging the administered particles, which steps may utilize different imaging techniques and/or be performed at different times and/or in different environments.
Aphasia constitutes a very complex clinical entity that requires a "competent" caregiver to interact with the person with aphasia (PWA). The literature lacks a valid and reliable set of standardized tools which can offer objective and quantifiable data of a caregiver's communicative competence. The aim of the study was to develop, standardize and validate an evaluation tool suited to measur the caregivers' competence in communicating with family members affected by aphasic disorders. Forty-two patients with aphasia and their respective caregivers were enrolled in the study. Caregivers' communicative competence was assessed through a new evaluation tool called ACCA-cl. Aphasia severity and functional communication abilities of the PWA were also investigated. Our data showed encouraging results regarding the reliability and the validity of the ACCA-cl scale in detecting the caregiver's communicative competence, especially as far as verbal content was considered. This scale can also be used to assess the improvement achieved by the caregiver after a communication training. The analysis provides encouraging findings for verbal content scales of the ACCA-cl and its possible use in clinical settings as a quantitative tool for detecting changes induced by the educational method of the caregiver. The tool is currently available in Italian.
BACKGROUND: Cirsilineol is a trimethoxy and dihydroxy flavonoid isolated from plant species such as Artemisia vestita and has a variety of pharmacological properties. This study analyzed whether cirsilineol could prevent postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).
METHODS: A POCD mouse model induced by anesthesia/surgery induction and a cell model established with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced microglia BV-2 were employed to explore the efficacy of cirsilineol on POCD. The cognition function of the mice were assessed by carrying out behavioral tests (Morris water maze test and Y-maze test). We assessed the activation and polarization status of microglia using immunofluorescence analysis and detected the expression levels of CD86 and CD206 using the quantitative PCR (qPCR). Subsequently, cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay and apoptosis was assessed using Calcein-AM/PI staining. Meanwhile, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in plasma and cell culture medium were detected using chemiluminescence. Finally, the phosphorylation levels of JAK/STAT signaling pathway-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot.
RESULTS: Cirsilineol reduced the escape latency and times of crossing island and increased spontaneous alternation (SA) rate, restoring the cognitive dysfunctions of POCD-modeled mice. Meanwhile, POCD elevated CD86 expression and malondialdehyde content and lowered the level of SOD; however, cirsilineol promoted CD206 expression and generation of SOD and inhibited malondialdehyde production. In H2O2-induced microglia BV-2, cirsilineol treatment increased SOD content and suppressed the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde, modulating microglia M1/M2 polarization and JAK/STAT pathway.
CONCLUSION: Cirsilineol prevented against POCD by attenuating oxidative stress and modulating microglia M1/M2 polarization, providing novel insights for the management of POCD.
Discloses Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains deposited at the Collection Nationale de Cultures de Microorganismes under No. CNCM I-3856. and No. CNCM I-3799. Also discloses Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains obtained from the said strains that retain the same metabolic and functional features as the parent strain. Further discloses a composition comprising at least one of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains or derivative strains selected from No. CNCM I-3856. and No. CNCM I-3799 of yeast and/or cellular extracts from said strains of yeast. Further discloses the use of the composition in the preparation of a medicament for treating intestinal disorders indicated by hyperalgesia (condition associated with increased sensitivity to pain).
This is a randomized (study drug assigned by chance), parallel-group, open-label (all involved people know the identity of the intervention), multicenter study in 18 countries. A total of 646 patients with multiple myeloma whose disease has progressed after an initial response to at least 1 line of prior therapy or was refractory to initial treatment will be enrolled. The primary endpoint is time to progression (the interval between the date of randomization and the date of disease progression); secondary endpoints are overall survival (the interval between the date of randomization and the patient's death from any cause), response rate (the proportion of patients in the evaluable population who achieved a complete or partial response), and safety. Other study endpoints include patient reported outcomes and exploratory pharmacogenics (to identify genetic markers of response). Patients are assessed for efficacy and safety every 3 weeks until disease progression is documented or for up to 42 weeks from the start of the first dose of study drug. Patients, who do not progress after the 42-week period, are assessed every 6 weeks until disease progression is documented. Efficacy evaluations includes: serum protein electrophoresis, 24-hour urine collection for protein electrophoresis, skeletal survey (plain films), bone marrow biopsy and aspirate, clinical or radiologic assessment of plasmacytomas, and serum calcium. Responses and progressions are assessed objectively by a computer algorithm based on the EBMT criteria. Safety evaluations include adverse event reports, changes in clinical laboratory findings, and tests for cardiac function (multiple gated acquisition scan/echocardiogram and electrocardiogram). Group A: VELCADE monotherapy: VELCADE 1.3 milligram per meter square (mg/m\^2) to be administered by i.v. bolus on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of each 21-day cycle. Group B: DOXIL/VELCADE combination: treated with VELCADE at the same dose and schedule as specified in Group A. DOXIL/CAELYX 30 mg/m\^2 by intravenous infusion given on Day 4 of every 21-day cycle following the administration of VELCADE.
PURPOSE:A hair dye, prepared by making the first agent containing an oxidation dye as a principal agent and the second agent containing a peroxide as a principal agent in the gel state having a specific consistency, and capable of simplifying the applicatin techniques to the hair, reducing the running, scattering and uneven dyeing and improving the storage stability of the chemical. CONSTITUTION:A gelatinous hair dye consisting of the first agent containing an oxidation dye, a stabilizer, e.g. sodium sulfite, a fat or oil, e.g. paraffin, a surfactant, water, e.g. purified water, a modifier, e.g. polyethylene glycol, an alkaline agent, e.g. aqueous ammonia, and an emulsifying agent, e.g. polyvinyl alcohol, and the second agent containing a peroxide, e.g. hydrogen peroxide, a stabilizer, e.g. phenacetin, a fat or oil, a surfactant, water, a modifier, an acid, e.g. phsophoric acid, a pH adjustor, e.g. ammonium phosphate, and an emulsifying agent. Both the first and the second agents have a consistency index of 320-450.
PURPOSE:To obtain the titled pharmaceutical orally administrable without causing bitterness, by melting a thiolane based compound which is a hepatotonic agent and hydrophobic waxy material which is solid at ordinary temperature while heating, and spraying the resultant melt through a nozzle into a cold atmosphere under pressure to coat the thiolane based compound with the waxy material. CONSTITUTION:A thiolane based animal drug pharmaceutical obtained by melting a thiolane based compound, e.g. isoprothiolane, and a hydrophobic wax which is solid at ordinary temperature, preferably a hardened oil having 50-100 deg.C melting point while heating, and spraying the resultant melt through a nozzle into a cold atmosphere under pressure to coat the thiolane based compound with the waxy material. The amount of the waxy material to be used is preferably 5-50pts.wt. based on 100pts.wt. thiolane based compound. The grain diameter of this pharmaceutical is preferably 0.1-5mm for mixing in a feed and administering to animans, and the administration thereto can be carried out without causing the bitterness of the thiolane based compound.