\<Patients\> After obtaining the agreement of Chang Gung Medical Foundation Institutional Review Board, the investigators retrospectively included patients from July 2013 to September 2017. There were 39 patients treated for AO by the same dermatologist with suction-assisted cartilage shaver at the Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. There were 28 females and 11 males, ranging from 14 to 52 years of age. The participants were all bothered by the axillary osmidrosis, which had a huge impact on their daily life with the embarrassing malodors. Operations were performed under local anaesthesia and in an outpatient basis.

\<Operation\> During the procedure, both of patient's axillae were exposed with the patient lying supine and arms abducted to avoid injury to the brachial plexus. The investigator cut the axillary hair short for better visualizing the region of apocrine glands, which are located near the hair follicles. The hair bearing elliptical region of axilla was marked before hair cutting. Tumescent solution was prepared with 0.1% lidocaine, 1:500,000 epinephrine and 10mEq/L sodium bicarbonate. The investigator injected the tumescent solution to the subcutaneous level of each axilla in view of the hydro-dissection ability of tumescent and minimizing the bleeding.

A 0.5-cm long incision was made in the center of identified elliptical surgical area at each axilla for the better access of arthroscopy to remove the apocrine glands located at dermo-subcutaneous junction, and for hiding the scar in the skin crease to make it less noticeable. A suction-assisted cartilage shaver (E9005 System, Linvatec Corporation, Largo, Florida, USA) was introduced through the incisions to remove of the subcutaneous tissue containing the apocrine glands radially. The investigator set the system to keep the inner cannula at 1500 rotations per minute in oscillation mode. After defatting, the incisions were closed primarily with 4-0 polyglactin. The investigator anchored the defatting skin to the axillary fascia by using 4-0 nylon sutures instead of the tie-over dressing used in the conventional shaver procedure, and the investigator also made several drainage holes by inserting an 18G needle obliquely into the defatting skin rather than placing the drainage tubes used in the conventional shaver procedure. Therefore, draining tubes were no longer needed. The investigator will remove the stitches at the 8th day after the operation.

\<Efficacy assessments\> The participants' medical history, physical examinations, and vital signs were carefully collected before the operation. The investigators retrospectively evaluated the pre- and post-operative clinical efficacies with a patient-centered scoring method. The severity of AO before the operation was classified from 1 to 5 to indicate the least severe to the most severe condition, from undetectable, mild, moderate, severe, to unbearable of malodor. The clinical efficacy was classified to 5 grades: poor (0%-20%), fair (21%-39%), acceptable (40%- 59%), good(60%-79%), and excellent (80%-100%), which was evaluated based on the elimination of malodor and the post-operative satisfaction. To evaluate the safety, adverse reactions such as hematoma, seroma, infection, wound necrosis, skin necrosis or perforation, and scar formation were recorded.