anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: To document the trajectory of early childhood stuttering longitudinally for 14. years with a consideration on the features of overt and covert stuttering related to recovery status.
METHOD: Thirty-eight participants were observed longitudinally at three different time points: early childhood (Occasion 1), middle childhood (Occasion 2), and late adolescence (Occasion 3). Data collection involved speech samples and reports of stuttering experiences. Recovery on Occasion 3 was estimated through analysis of speech samples, parent and expert judgments, and self- judgement. Two categories of persistence were used: persistent-subjective (no observable stuttering) and persistent-objective (observable stuttering).
RESULTS: The recovery rate was 65.6%. The majority of the participants showed minimal disfluent speech with 88% showing less than 1% syllables stuttered and 97% showing less than 3% syllables stuttered in the collected speech samples. All participants classified as persistent reported covert symptoms of stuttering. No relapses in recovery were observed between Occasion 2 and Occasion 3. Late recovery was only observed for those classified as persistent-subjective on Occasion 2. About 64% of the participants showing observable stuttering (persistent-objective) on Occasion 2 showed no observable stuttering (persistent-subjective) on Occasion 3.
CONCLUSIONS: Children continue to recover from early childhood stuttering as they age.The inclusion of self-reports adds to the understanding of recovery especially concerning the covert stuttering behaviours. The presence of overt symptoms of stuttering in the speech samples of children aged 7 to 13 years seems to be associated with the likelihood of late recovery of stuttering.
All transactions are replicated to the blockchain by multiple entities in the computer network. Posting to the blockchain allows verification and authentication of the transactions for automated claim adjudication and dispute resolution between two parties. For example, claim verification or disputes arising out of the transaction are handled by the process where a Healthcare Provider files a dispute with the Payer System. The server computer electronically sends an alert to the relevant and authorized parties informing them that a dispute has been filed. The server processor then obtains data from the central database, blockchain, and any other relevant data provided by other parties in the computer network that relate to the disputed healthcare transaction and analyses the information. The processor then parses the data, resolves the dispute, and posts the results to the centralized server and blockchain.
AIM: Suboptimal self-management with controller inhalation therapy in asthma and COPD is frequently observed with poor treatment outcomes. The developed 'Respiratory Adherence Care Enhancer' (RACE) instrument identifies and addresses individual barriers to self-management with a theoretical underpinning. This study investigates the feasibility of pharmaceutical support with this instrument.
METHODS: An implementation trial was conducted with asthma and COPD patients in 5 community pharmacies in the Netherlands. Patients were allocated to standard care or add-on support with the RACE instrument. Patients were invited to complete the RACE questionnaire at baseline, 5-week and 10-week follow-up. Barrier profiles were accessible for the intervention group with subsequent consultations at baseline and 5-weeks. Experiences were collected from patients and consultants with a questionnaire and reported findings. Primary endpoints focused on the acceptability, practicality and implementation process. Secondary endpoints included between-group differences in barrier and disease control outcomes from baseline at 10-weeks follow-up.
RESULTS: In total, 84 patients were included; 48 were assigned to intervention and 36 to standard care. Patient satisfaction of support with the RACE instrument was high (71%). Patients felt motivated, reassured and more confident about their disease management. Consultants reported an increase in awareness of patient barriers. Patient recognition of barrier profiles was 83.9% (±12.9%). The barrier inhaler techniques decreased significantly for the intervention group at follow-up with odds ratio 0.30 (95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.91). No significant differences were observed for changes in number of barriers and disease control.
CONCLUSION: Self-management support with the RACE instrument is feasible and appreciated, facilitating behaviour change with patient-centred pharmaceutical care in asthma and COPD.
Dexamethasone was given at a dose of 40mg, orally, once per day for 4 consecutive days (Days 1, 2, 3, and 4). Participants in this treatment arm who failed to achieve a sustained response and had a platelet count of less than 20 x 10\^9/L or with active bleeding were also allowed to repeat the 4-day course of dexamethasone treatment.
BACKGROUND: Postoperative sore throat is one of the main postoperative complaints in patients undergoing tonsillectomy. As the primary outcome, we aimed to determine whether endotracheal tube cuffs filled with alkalinized lidocaine are associated with a lower incidence of postoperative sore throat and anesthesia emergence phenomena in children undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. We also assessed the potential additional benefits of IV dexamethasone in reducing postoperative laryngotracheal morbidity.
METHODS: This is a clinical prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Patients were randomly allocated to one of four groups, as follows: air - endotracheal tube cuff filled with air; air/dex - endotracheal tube cuff filled with air and intravenous dexamethasone; lido - endotracheal tube cuff filled with alkalinized lidocaine; and lido/dex - endotracheal tube cuff filled with alkalinized lidocaine and intravenous dexamethasone. Perioperative hemodynamic parameters and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, coughing and hoarseness were recorded. Postoperative sore throat was assessed in the postanesthetic care unit and 24 hours post tracheal extubation.
RESULTS: In total, 154 children aged 4-12 years, ASA physical status I or II, undergoing general anesthesia for elective tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy, were assessed for postoperative sore throat in this study. The incidence of postoperative sore throat 24 hours after tracheal extubation was significantly lower in the lido/dex group compared to groups air and air/dex (p = 0.01). However, no additional reduction in these symptoms was observed from the intravenous administration of dexamethasone when comparing the lido and lido/dex groups. Similarly, there were no differences among groups regarding perioperative hemodynamic variables or postoperative nausea and vomiting, coughing, and hoarseness during the study period.
CONCLUSION: Intracuff alkalinized lidocaine, associated with intravenous dexamethasone, might be effective in reducing sore throat 24 hours post-tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy in children when compared to the use of air as the cuff insufflation media.
FIELD: pharmaceutics. SUBSTANCE: water-dispersible tablets are formed of granules having following composition, wt.-%: pharmaceutically active compound, 5-25; pharmaceutically acceptable swellable clay, 0.25-60; various additives and adjuvants, the balance. Active compound is selected from group consisting of analgetically active propionic acid derivative, tranquilizing benzodiazepine, antiviral nucleoside derivative, naphtoquinone compound active against protozan organisms, allopurinol, oxopurinol, anticonvulsively active 1,2,4-triazine derivative, trimethoprim and trimethoprim in combination with sulphomethoxazole. Swellable clay acts as dispersing agent and is contained inside granules constituting tablet. It takes only 3 min to disperse tablet in water. Dispersion thus-formed consists of particles having size below 710 mcm. It is preferable that active compound be acyclovir or lamotrygin. Swellable clay is selected from group consisting of attapulgite, smectite, bentonite or clay sold in market under trade name VEEGUM F. Tablet may be coated with film, and in this case it takes about 2 min to disperse it. EFFECT: effective method for producing quickly dispersible medicinal tablets. 44 cl, 16 tbl
Glycoproteins and/or mucopolysaccharides are extd. from naturally occurring substances by hydrolysing a buffered mixt. of the substance at pH 7.5-9.5 and at a low temp. followed by autoclaving at 110 degrees C, then decantation, centrifuging and filtration. The extracts are used in hygienic and cosmetic preparations and have a high physiological activity on cells and tissues. Pref. carboxyvinyl polymers and surfactants are incorporated in the extract.
Cortisol levels and subsequent diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency following cosyntropin for injection administration may be inaccurate if patients are on certain medications because of their effect on cortisol or cortisol binding globulin levels.

Glucocorticoids and spironolactone may result in falsely elevated cortisol levels. Stop these drugs on the day of cosyntropin for injection testing. Long-acting glucocorticoids may need to be stopped for a longer period before cosyntropin for injection testing [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Drug Interactions (7)].

Estrogen-containing drugs increase cortisol binding globulin levels which can increase plasma total cortisol levels. To obtain accurate plasma total cortisol levels, stop estrogen containing drugs four to six weeks before cosyntropin for injection testing to allow cortisol binding globulin levels to return to levels within the reference range [see Dosage and Administration(2.1)and Drug Interactions (7)]. Alternatively, concomitant measurement of cortisol binding globulin at the time of testing can be done; if cortisol binding globulin levels are elevated, plasma total cortisol levels are considered inaccurate.

Any condition that elevates or lowers cortisol binding globulin levels may increase or decrease plasma total cortisol levels, respectively. Cortisol binding globulin levels can be low in cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome. Measure cortisol binding globulin levels as necessary to ensure accuracy of interpretation of plasma total cortisol levels.
Arm #3 is not used for weeks 0-11. At week 12, arm is rerandomized.
The invention relates to novel compounds of general formula (I), wherein R stands for hydrogen or a C1-4 alkyl group optionally substituted by a carboxyl or C2-5 alkoxycarbonyl group; and R1 means an aliphatic C¿1-6? acyl, benzoyl or phenylacetyl group, and the stereoisomers as well as acid-addition salts of these compounds. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the above compounds as well as to a process for the preparation of the novel compounds of general formula (I). The compounds of the invention possess central nervous system effects, more particularly antidepressive and antiparkinsonian action. They are non-mutagenic in the Ames test. Thus, they can be useful for the treatment of depressive illnesses and parkinsonism.
PURPOSE: The high altitude area is characterized by low pressure and hypoxia, and rapidly entering the high altitude area will cause a series of damage to the body. Some studies have shown that hypoxia can cause damage to the reproductive system. In recent years, researchers have been paying attention to the effects of hypoxia on hormone level, ovarian reserve, embryonic development, testicular development, sperm motility level, and have begun to explore its injury mechanism, but its mechanism is not clear. In this paper, the mechanism of hypoxia on the reproductive system is reviewed, which is expected to provide a new idea for solving the problem of the low fertility rate of humans and animals at high altitudes.
METHODS: A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted, selecting all relevant peer-reviewed English papers published before January 2022. Other relevant papers were selected from the list of references.
RESULTS: Studies have shown that the complete fertility rate of people living at low altitudes is 7.7, and the complete fertility rate of people living at high altitudes is 4.77, and the hypoxic environment at high altitudes reduces fertility. At the same time, high-altitude, low-oxygen environments are associated with increased infant mortality and post-neonatal mortality. To date, most studies seem to point to a correlation between anoxic exposure at high altitudes and low fertility in humans and animals.
CONCLUSION: Although the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, the effects of hypoxia at high altitude on hormonal level, ovarian reserve, embryonic development, testicular development, and sperm motility and levels require further research to investigate this complex topic.
Intervention: Methionine-free and Cystine-enriched protein substitute in tablet form. Subjects who currently take a protein substitute for the dietary management of homocystinuria will be recruited. Subjects will take the study product for 7 days. Subjects will replace some or their entire usual protein substitute with the new product. The amount of tablets prescribed will be calculated to provide the same amount of protein as their usual protein substitute.
The invention relates to compound donkey-hide gelatin slurry and a preparation process thereof. The existing compound donkey-hide gelatin slurry does not have the efficacies of tonifying the kidney and preventing miscarriage, and removing cardiopyrexia for tranquilization. Therefore, the compound donkey-hide gelatin slurry is prepared from raw materials such as donkey-hide gelatin, ginseng, Eucommia ulmoides, lily, prepared rehmannia root and Codonopsis pilosula and trifoliate orange according to a new process. The preparation process of the compound donkey-hide gelatin slurry comprises the steps of firstly immersing the ginseng and radix scrophulariae into 45% ethanol, then adding into a high-pressure alcohol extraction tank, then inflating and pressurizing for the high-pressure alcohol extraction tank to 8-10 kgf/cm<2>, immersing for 2 hours, and then placing into a tank body of a novel traditional Chinese medicine extraction tank. Meanwhile, in the concentration of liquid medicine, a membrane concentration device is preferentially adopted for concentration. The compound donkey-hide gelatin slurry has the efficacies of nourishing yin and tonifying qi, and tonifying blood, patients with constitution with yin deficiency and people with weakness of the spleen and the stomach also can take, the compound donkey-hide gelatin slurry is suitable for various crowds to take, especially for women to take, and the preparation process adopts a new high-normal pressure alcohol extraction/aqueous extraction mixed extraction process for medicine juice raw materials, so that active ingredients of all components are not lost.
Sham cTBS will be administered with a Magventure MagPro Stimulator R30 using a butterfly sham coil. The same active cTBS configuration will be used.
The intervention, comprising six 90-minute sessions, will be delivered by a trained mindful yoga instructor in group format. The intervention is based on our previously tested mindfulness yoga programme for people with PD (31). Following a universal Hatha Yoga practice, the session comprises mindfulness practice of yoga sequence, breathing exercise, and guided meditation. Both face-to-face and home-based online modes of delivery are available.
This invention provides a novel immunogenic composition and vaccine, processes for producing them and methods for immunization against infections and disease caused by group A Streptococci. The compositions include group A streptococcal polysaccharide covalently linked to protein or liposomes to form immunogenic conjugates. The method of immunization for this invention comprises administering to an individual an immunogenic amount of group A polysaccharide. The group A polysaccharide may be administered as a vaccine either on its own, conjugated to proteins or conjugated to liposomes. Additionally, the group A polysaccharides may be associated with an adjuvant. This invention is particularly useful for providing both active and passive immunogenic protection for those populations most at risk of contracting group A Streptococcal infections and disease namely adults, pregnant women and in particular infants and children.
PURPOSE:To provide a new alkenamide derivative having chemical transmitter release-inhibitory activity, also useful as an active ingredient for antiallergic agents not inhibiting histamine H1 receptor. CONSTITUTION:The objective compound of formula I (n is 0-4), e.g. 3-(3,4- methylenedioxyphenyl)N-(1H-5-tetrazolyl)-2-propenamide. The compound of the formula I can be obtained by converting a w-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2- alkenoic acid to its reactive derivative, e.g. its acid chloride or its acid anhydride followed by reaction with 5-amino-1H-tetrazole of formula III in the presence of a base in an inert organic solvent. A compound of formula II (m is 1-4) among the compounds of the formula III can be obtained by treating a compound of formula IV with a halogenating agent to form an acid halide of formula V (X is halogen) which is, in turn, put to Rosemund reaction to produce a compound of formula VI which is then put to Knoevenagel condensation with malonic acid in the presence of a basic catalyst.
AIMS: Primary malignant bone tumor of the pelvis is an uncommon lesion, the resection of which via freehand osteotomy is subject to inaccuracy due to its three-dimensional anatomy. Patient-Specific Guides (PSG), also called Patient-Specific Instruments (PSI) are essential to ensure surgical planning and resection adequacy. Our aim was to assess their use and effectiveness.
METHODS: A monocentric retrospective study was conducted on 42 adult patients who underwent PSG-based resection of a primary malignant bone tumor of the pelvis. The primary outcome was the proportion of R0 bone margins. The secondary outcomes were the proportion of overall R0 margins, considering soft-tissue resection, the cumulative incidence of local recurrence, and the time of production for the guides. A comparison to a previous series at our institution was performed regarding histological margins.
RESULTS: Using PSGs, 100% R0 safe bone margin was achieved, and 88% overall R0 margin due to soft-tissue resection being contaminated, while the comparison to the previous series showed only 80% of R0 safe bone margin. The cumulative incidences of local recurrence were 10% (95% CI: 4-20%) at one year, 15% (95% CI: 6-27%) at two years, and 19% (95% CI: 8-33%) at five years. The median overall duration of the fabrication process of the guide was 35 days (Q1-Q3: 26-47) from the first contact to the surgery date.
CONCLUSIONS: Patient-Specific Guides can provide a reproducible safe bony margin.
There is tremendous need for improved prostate cancer models. Anatomically and developmentally, the mouse prostate differs from the human prostate and does not form tumors spontaneously. Genetically engineered mouse models lack the heterogeneity of human cancer and rarely establish metastatic growth. Human xenografts are an alternative but must rely on an immunocompromised host. Therefore, we generated prostate cancer murine xenograft models with an intact human immune system (huNOG and huNOG-EXL mice) to test whether humanizing tumor-immune interactions would improve modeling of metastatic prostate cancer and the impact of androgen receptor-targeted and immunotherapies. These mice maintain multiple human immune cell lineages, including functional human T-cells and myeloid cells. Implications: To the best of our knowledge, results illustrate the first model of human prostate cancer that has an intact human immune system, metastasizes to clinically relevant locations, responds appropriately to standard-of-care hormonal therapies, and can model both an immunosuppressive and checkpoint-inhibition responsive immune microenvironment.
Mu opioid receptors (MORs) represent a vital mechanism related to the modulation of stress-induced analgesia (SIA). Previous studies have reported on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic "disinhibition" mechanisms of MORs on the descending pain modulatory pathway of SIA induced in the midbrain. However, the role of the MORs expressed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), one of the main cortical areas participating in pain modulation, in SIA remains completely unknown. In this study, we investigated the contributions of MORs expressed on glutamatergic (MORGlut) and GABAergic (MORGABA) neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), as well as the functional role and activity of neurons projecting from the mPFC to the periaqueductal gray (PAG) region, in male mice. We achieved this through a combination of hot-plate tests, c-fos staining, and 1 h acute restraint stress exposure tests. The results showed that our acute restraint stress protocol produced mPFC MOR-dependent SIA effects. In particular, MORGABA was found to play a major role in modulating the effects of SIA, whereas MORGlut seemed to be unconnected to the process. We also found that mPFC-PAG projections were efficiently activated and played key roles in the effects of SIA, and their activation was mediated by MORGABA to a large extent. These results indicated that the activation of mPFC MORGABA due to restraint stress was able to activate mPFC-PAG projections in a potential "disinhibition" pathway that produced analgesic effects. These findings provide a potential theoretical basis for pain treatment or drug screening targeting the mPFC.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new transformant containing a recombinant plasmid containing a gene coding for a functional polypeptide expressed by a specific amino acid sequence and having a heparin-bonding activity of fibronectin and useful e.g. for the production of a functional polypeptide. SOLUTION: This new polypeptide is a transformant transformed by a recombinant plasmid containing a gene coding for a functional polypeptide expressed by an amino acid sequence of the formula and having a heparin- bonding activity of fibronectin. It plays an important role in the adhesion, extension and transfer of fibroblast cell, endothelial cell, a certain kind of cancer cell, etc., and is useful e.g. for the production of a functional polypeptide useful as a drug, etc., contributing to the restoration of the tissue of the wound part and the maintenance of homeostasis by bonding to both a cell and an extracellular matrix. The transformant can be produced by integrating a cDNA of a heparin-bonding domain of fibronectin to a vector and inserting the obtained recombinant expression vector into a host cell.
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) and sepsis are major health problems, annually claiming millions of lives. Traditional blood culture techniques, employed to identify sepsis-causing pathogens and assess antibiotic susceptibility, usually take 2-4 days. Early and accurate antibiotic prescription is vital in sepsis to mitigate mortality and antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to reduce the wait time for sepsis diagnosis by employing shorter blood culture incubation times for BD BACTEC™ bottles using standard laboratory incubators, followed by real-time nanopore sequencing and data analysis. The method was tested on nine blood samples spiked with clinical isolates from the six most prevalent sepsis-causing pathogens. The results showed that pathogen identification was possible at as low as 102-104 CFU/mL, achieved after just 2 h of incubation and within 40 min of nanopore sequencing. Moreover, all the antimicrobial resistance genes were identified at 103-107 CFU/mL, achieved after incubation for 5 h and only 10 min to 3 h of sequencing. Therefore, the total turnaround time from sample collection to the information required for an informed decision on the right antibiotic treatment was between 7 and 9 h. These results hold significant promise for better clinical management of sepsis compared with current culture-based methods.