anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
A single-center, randomized, blinded, multi-cohort, placebo-controlled trial design was adopted.This trial adopts the seamless design of phase I/IIa, which is carried out in two phases, phase I and phase IIa, phase I is the age/dose climbing phase, and phase IIa is the dose expansion phase.It is planned to enroll 580 subjects, divided into 5 age groups, including: young adults (18-59 years old, 60 people), adolescents (6 -17 years old, 60 people), and elderly (≥60 years old, 160 people) , Toddlers (2-5 years old, 140), infants (6 weeks to 23 months old, 160).Research phase and trial grouping: age/dose climbing phase: 340 subjects are planned to be enrolled in Liuzhou City, and they will be enrolled in the group according to the age order of young adults → adolescents and old people → toddlers → infants and young children. There are 10 cohorts, randomly divided into experimental group (low-dose or high-dose), placebo group (containing aluminum), and the random ratio of each entry stage is 2:1. Among them, infants and the elderly will be added a placebo group without aluminum adjuvant, test group (low dose or high dose), placebo group (aluminum), placebo (aluminum-free), the random ratio is 2:1:1; Dose expansion stage: It is planned to enroll 240 subjects in Rong'an County. The elderly, infants, and infants will be divided into 3 cohorts, and each age group will be randomly divided into low-dose or high-dose groups, with a random ratio of 1:1.According to the order of young adults → adolescents and elderly → toddlers → infants and young children, the dose is from low to high, and the investigator (including the main investigator and the field investigator) will review the safety of the low-dose/placebo group 7 days after the first dose. After the safety data is confirmed, you can enter the high-dose/placebo group for this age group to explore. After DSMB examines the safety data of the first dose of young and middle-aged people to 30 days after the full exemption and confirms safety, they can enter the adolescent and elderly age group; DSMB examines the safety and confirms the safety of the first dose of adolescents and the elderly to 30 days after the full exemption After that, you can enter the infant age group; the investigator (including the main investigator and the field investigator) will review the safety data 7 days after the first dose of the infant low-dose/placebo group and confirm the safety, then you can enter the infant age group explore. The three age groups (cohorts 4 and 6, 7 and 8, 9 and 10) of the elderly, toddlers, and infants can be entered into the corresponding age after the DSMB reviews the safety data of the first dose to 30 days after the full exemption and confirms the safety. In the dose expansion phase (cohorts 11, 12, 13), 80 subjects were enrolled in each cohort (of which, 40 were vaccinated with low-dose trial vaccine and 40 were vaccinated with high-dose trial vaccine).
BACKGROUND: Although it is thought that prostatitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is related to prostate cancer (PCa), the underlying causal effects of these diseases are unclear.
METHODS: We assessed the causal relationship between prostatitis or BPH and PCa using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. The data utilized in this study were sourced from genome-wide association study. The association of genetic variants from cohorts of prostatitis or BPH and PCa patients was determined using inverse-variance weighted and MR Egger regression techniques. The direction of chance was determined using independent genetic variants with genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-6). The accuracy of the results was confirmed using sensitivity analyses.
RESULTS: MR analysis showed that BPH had a significant causal effect on PCa (Odds Ratio = 1.209, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.098-0.281, P = 5.079 × 10- 5) while prostatitis had no significant causal effect on PCa (P > 0.05). Additionally, the pleiotropic test and leave-one-out analysis showed the two-sample MR analyses were valid and reliable.
CONCLUSIONS: This MR study supports that BPH has a positive causal effect on PCa, while genetically predicted prostatitis has no causal effect on PCa. Nonetheless, further studies should explore the underlying biochemical mechanism and potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of these diseases.
Patients in PW group drink PW (pH 9.5) 10 mL/kg body weight per a day using Sham device installed in the house for 6 weeks. We recommend to drink water in empty stomach three or four times a day. The water generated from device will be administered immediately, not to be stored. Sham device was built in the same shape and operation as the experimental device.
A composition provided by extraction and purification from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris. The compositions are effective agents for treatment of the cytopathogenic effects of an enveloped virus in mammals. In the preferred embodiment, there are provided methods for the treatment of the cytopathogenic effects of an enveloped virus and related indications in mammals, employing the compositions as the active agent. Further described are that the compositions are effective agents for the treatment of the cytopathogenic effects of an enveloped virus in mammals exposed to immunosuppressive regimens. The compositions also provide an effective agent for protecting mammals from reactivated viral infection during or following treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. Also provided are methods for preparing extracts of Prunella vulgaris having antiviral action and the formulations containing such extracts. The method for purification and characterisation of the active fraction from Prunella vulgaris useful for treating the cytopathogenic effects of an enveloped virus in a mammal is described. The compositions are effective agents for the prophylaxis and therapy in mammals of diseases caused by enveloped viruses.
Medicaments contg. Nystatin (I), Ryfamycin (II) and a cortoid (III) are used in the treatment of hair loss associated with dandruff, or infectious origins. Nystatin (I) is isolated from strains of Streptomyces noursei and has a selective action against yeasts. Ryfomycin (II) has a strong bactericidal action against staphylococci and some local immunosuppressive activity. The cortoid (III) is pref. fluocinolone acetonide but any other soluble corticoid suitable for local application may be used. The preferred compsn. contains 2,400,000 units of (I) with preservatives to a total of 24 ml, 83mg (II) in 15ml distilled water, and 0.01% (III) in 30 ml propylene glycol. The compsn. may also contain perfumes and aqueous or alcoholic excipients to a otal of 150ml.
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the role of DNA methylation changes in tongue cancer through a comprehensive analysis of global DNA methylation alterations during experimental lingual carcinogenesis.
METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 16-week oral administration of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO, 50 mg/L). Lingual mucosa samples, being representative of normal tissue (week 0) and early (week 12) and advanced (week 28) tumorigenesis, were harvested for microarray and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-Seq). The mRNA and promoter methylation of transforming growth factor-beta-signaling protein 1 (SMAD1) were evaluated with real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Massarray in human lingual mucosa and tongue cancer cell lines.
RESULTS: The cytosine guanine island (CGI) methylation level observed at 28 weeks surpassed that of both 12 weeks and 0 weeks. The promoter methylation level at 12 weeks exceeded that at 0 weeks. Notably, 208 differentially expressed genes were negatively correlated to differential methylation in promoters among 0, 12, and 28 weeks. The mRNA of SMAD1 was upregulated, concurrent with a decrease in promoter methylation levels in cell lines compared to normal mucosa.
CONCLUSIONS: DNA methylation changed during lingual carcinogenesis. Overexpression of SMAD1 was correlated to promoter hypomethylation in tongue cancer cell lines.
The present invention relates to enhancing autophagy or increasing longevity by administering urolithin or a precursor thereof. Methods, compounds, and compositions useful for increasing autophagy and prolonging life are disclosed. The methods, compounds, and compositions refer to urolithins and urolithin precursors and uses thereof. Some urolithins are represented by formula I and some urolithin precursors are represented by formula IV. The urolithin may be urolithin A, urolithin B, urolithin C or urolithin D. The urolithin precursor may be ellagic acid or ellagitannin. The methods include in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro uses of the compounds and compositions.
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is mandatory in the nursing of very low birth weight ((V)LBW)) babies during the first weeks of life. Numerous discussions exist about the indication of individually tailored or standardized PN formula. (V)LBW babies are known as fragile unstable babies with special requirements. Many neonatal intensive care units (NICU) prefer a tailored prescription for that kind of patients. Making a daily individual tailored prescription is often complex for numerous reasons: it is time consuming, it may be source of faults and incompatibility, it needs a senior neonatologist to review the prescription and has to arrive during daytime hours at the pharmacy. Tailored PN is often administrated with a delay, as one can only prescribe having reviewed the results of blood sampling. This delay can range from 6 to 12 hours. Numeta G13°/0E is a standardized, industrial, ready to use PN specifically designed to meet the nutritional requirements of preterm newborn infants for whom enteral nutrition is not possible or insufficient. New Espghan guidelines were published in 2018 recommending nutritional intake targets of 2.5g-3.5 amino acids per kg/day and 90-120 kcal/kg/day. Our NICU wants to evaluate their compliance to these new guidelines. Before November 2016, it was common practice in CHU Tivoli to feed the preterm baby with a compounded binary TPN solution and lipids were administered separately in Y-line. In November 2016, we switched to an all-in-one TPN with standardized composition (Numeta G13%E, Baxter) Numeta G13°/0E is stored at room temperature and is ready to be infused in a few minutes. Numeta G13%E is presented in the form of a three-chamber bag (3CB) or a two chamber bag (2CB). The activation of the lipid bag is optional, resulting in a solution containing glucose, electrolytes, amino acids and (optionally) lipids. Additions of water, electrolytes in the bag or on the side help to customize the bag to the specific needs of newborns that need intensive care.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The prognostic performance of von Willebrand factor (VWF) may vary across clinical stages of advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD). Therefore, we investigated the evolution of VWF and other biomarkers throughout the full ACLD spectrum and evaluated their stage-specific prognostic utility.
METHODS: We retrospectively included Viennese ACLD patients with available information on hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), C-reactive protein (CRP)/VWF levels and outcomes. ACLD stages were defined according to D'Amico et al. We included an external validation cohort from Padua.
RESULTS: We observed gradual increases in VWF throughout ACLD stages. In contrast, HVPG levelled off in decompensated ACLD (dACLD), whereas MELD showed only minor changes in the early stages and CRP did not increase until stage 3. VWF was associated with hepatic decompensation/liver-related death in compensated ACLD (cACLD) in a fully adjusted model, while it was not independently predictive of ACLF/liver-related death in dACLD. After backward selection, HVPG/CRP/VWF remained the main predictors of hepatic decompensation/liver-related death in cACLD. Notably, the performance of the non-invasive CRP/VWF-based model was comparable to invasive HVPG-based models (C-index:0.765 ± 0.034 vs. 0.756 ± 0.040). The discriminative ability of the CRP/VWF-based model was confirmed in an external validation cohort using another VWF assay which yielded systematically lower values.
CONCLUSION: VWF is the only biomarker that gradually increases across all ACLD stages. It is of particular prognostic value in cACLD, where a CRP/VWF-based model is equivalent to an invasive HVPG-based model. Systematic differences in VWF underline the importance of interlaboratory surveys. Moreover, our findings reinforce the notion that, already in cACLD, inflammation is a key disease-driving mechanism.
Calcipotriene and Betamethasone Dipropionate Topical Suspension, 0.005%/0.064% is a viscous, nearly odorless, almost clear, colorless to slightly off-white suspension. It is available as:

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Do not refrigerate.

Keep the bottle in the carton when not in use. Unused product should be discarded six months after the bottle has been opened.

Shake before use. Keep out of reach of children
Necroptosis and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and subsequent heart failure. N-arachidonoylphenolamine (AM404) is a paracetamol lipid metabolite that has pleiotropic activity to modulate the endocannabinoid system. However, the protective role of AM404 in modulating I/R-mediated myocardial damage and the underlying mechanism remain largely unknown. A murine I/R model was generated by occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. AM404 (20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into mice at 2 and 24 h before the I/R operation. Our data revealed that AM404 administration to mice greatly ameliorated I/R-triggered impairment of myocardial performance and reduced infarct area, myocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response accompanied by the reduction of receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK)1/3- mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL)-mediated necroptosis and upregulation of the immunosubunits (β2i and β5i). In contrast, administration of epoxomicin (a proteasome inhibitor) dramatically abolished AM404-dependent protection against myocardial I/R damage. Mechanistically, AM404 treatment increases β5i expression, which interacts with Pellino-1 (Peli1), an E3 ligase, to form a complex with RIPK1/3, thereby promoting their degradation, which leads to inhibition of cardiomyocyte necroptosis in the I/R heart. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that AM404 could prevent cardiac I/R damage and may be a promising drug for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease.
Gallstone-related disease comprises a spectrum of conditions resulting from biliary stone formation, leading to obstruction and inflammatory complications. These can significantly impact patient quality of life and carry high morbidity if not accurately detected. Appropriate imaging is essential for evaluating the extent of gallstone disease and assuring appropriate clinical management. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques (including Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) are increasingly used for diagnosis of gallstone disease and its complications and provide high contrast resolution and facilitate tissue-level assessment of gallstone disease processes. In this review we seek to delve deep into the spectrum of MR imaging in diagnose of gallstone-related disease within the gallbladder and complications related to migration of the gallstones to the gall bladder neck or cystic duct, common hepatic duct or bile duct (choledocholithiasis) and beyond, including gallstone pancreatitis, gallstone ileus, Bouveret syndrome, and dropped gallstones, by offering key examples from our practice. Furthermore, we will specifically highlight the crucial role of MRI and MRCP for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and improving patient outcomes in gallstone-related disease and showcase relevant surgical pathology specimens of various gallstone related complications.
At index OGD, the presence and severity of OV, GV and portal hypertensive gastropathy would be recorded. After endoscopic treatment of varices, recruited patients would undergo 1st measurement of EUS-PPG within 10-14 days after index OGD. The patients would then be enrolled into a variceal surveillance program and be started on B-blockers if not already prescribed. The patients would then be scheduled for another follow-up OGD at 3 months with measurement of the 2nd EUS-PPG. Finally, a third follow-up OGD and EUS-PPG would be performed in 1-year after 1st EUS-PPG. Endoscopic findings attributed to chronic cirrhosis would be assessed in the 3 months and 1 year OGD and the presence and severity of OV, GV and portal hypertensive gastropathy would be recorded.
The demand for major vascular surgery is increasing \[1\]. Patients requiring procedures such as aortic aneurysm repair, carotid endarterectomy, lower limb surgical re-vascularisation and major lower limb amputation for end-stage vascular disease constitute a high-risk surgical cohort. Peri-operative complications such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, renal failure and death are common \[2,3\]. Multiple potential mechanisms may result in these complications. For example, myocardial injury may result from systemic hypotension leading to reduced flow across a tight coronary artery stenosis or, alternatively, it may arise due to acute occlusion when an unstable plaque ruptures. Most strategies aimed at peri-operative risk reduction target a single potential mechanism. For example, beta-blockade may prevent myocardial injury due to overwork, but cannot prevent acute coronary occlusion. There is a requirement for a simple, effective intervention that protects tissues against injury via multiple different mechanisms. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) may be suitable.

Ischemic preconditioning is a phenomenon whereby a brief period of non-lethal ischemia in a tissue renders it resistant to the effects of a subsequent much longer ischaemic insult. It was first described in the canine heart \[4\]. Subsequent clinical trials showed that ischemic preconditioning reduced heart muscle damage following coronary artery bypass grafting \[5\] and liver dysfunction following hepatic resection \[6\]. Following cardiac surgery, it is associated with a reduction in critical care stay, arrhythmias and inotrope use \[7\]. However, ischemic preconditioning requires direct interference with the target tissues' blood supply, limiting its clinical utility. Further experimental work suggested that brief ischemia in one tissue, such as the kidneys, could confer protection on distant organs such as the heart \[8\]. A similar effect was observed after transient skeletal muscle ischemia \[9-11\]. This effect is referred to as 'preconditioning at a distance' or 'remote ischemic preconditioning' (RIPC).
Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common single nutrient disorder in the world, and pregnant women and infants are at highest risk. With long-lasting differences in prior studies, effects on the developing brain and infant behavior and development are among the most worrisome concerns. The proposed study will determine developmental/ behavioral effects of preventing ID depending on timing (Aim 1) and duration (Aim 2) of iron supplementation (i.e., pre- and/or early postnatally). The study will relate outcomes to severity of ID (Aim 3) and consider reversibility of effects with iron therapy, depending on timing (Aim 4). We expect different neurobehavioral effects when ID occurs or is prevented/treated during different phases of brain development (proliferation and growth phase primarily prenatally and regional diversification and interconnection largely in infancy). The project entails 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to support causal inferences about preventing ID pre- and/or early postnatally. The project builds on a large US CDC-supported study (Pregnancy Nutrition Study) involving pregnant women in rural China (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00133744). Study groups of infants in the proposed RCTs combined are a) pre- and early postnatal iron, b) prenatal iron, c) early postnatal iron, and d) neither (n = 500/group, total 2000, at study end). Iron status and sensitive sensory, motor, cognitive, language, and social-emotional outcomes will be assessed at birth, 9 and 18 mo. Results of Aims 1 \& 2 will determine the best window to prevent ID effects and whether breast-fed infants benefit from iron before 6 mo. Aim 3 (severity) will determine the level of ID at which different developmental domains are adversely affected. If ill effects of ID without anemia are documented, there could be major policy implications; screening is currently only for anemia. Detecting more or less vulnerable domains may also point to other interventions in addition to iron therapy. To identify reversibile effects, depending on age of treatment (Aim 4), outcomes at 18 mo will be compared for infants 1) never iron-deficient, 2) poor iron status at birth and assigned to postnatal iron, 3) maternal IDA (anemia) treated in the 1st or 2nd trimester, 4) infant IDA treated at 9 mo, and 5) IDA treated at 18 mo. The results will be highly relevant to global practice and policy regarding ID, which differentially affects poor and/or minority women and infants everywhere.

The project is expected to continue with a 5-year follow-up (Nov 2014- Oct 2019).
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: described are new 2-amino-4-phenyl-4-oxo-butyric acid of general formula IA: C 1 -C 6  wherein each of groups X and Y is independently hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, -OR′ alkyl, benzyl, phenyl, naphthyl, SR′, SO 2 R, SOR or R′ wherein C 1 -C 6  is OR′ alkyl or benzyl; R is hydroxy, amino, hydroxy-amino, NHR′,  , NHOR′ or R′ wherein -OR′ is as defined above, provided that R is not hydroxy when X and Y are simultaneously hydrogen; or X and Y are in position 3 or 4 of phenyl ring and are simultaneously hydroxy or R′ group wherein   is methyl, or one of groups X and Y is hydrogen and the other is in position 4 of phenyl ring and is hydroxy fluorine, chlorine, methyl, n-propyl or methoxy; or as individual isomers or mixtures thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 2-amino-4- phenyl-4-oxobutyric acid derivatives act as kinureninase and/or kinurenin-3-hydroxylase and are useful for prevention and/or treatment of diseases associated with neurodegeneration of tissues. Also described is pharmaceutical composition based on compounds of formula I. EFFECT: improved properties of the composition. 5 cl, 16 ex, 2 tbl