anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Tretinoin, USP is a retinoid. The chemical name is all-trans retinoic acid. The molecular formula is C20H28O2 and the molecular weight is 300.44. The structural formula is:

  
It is a yellow to yellow-orange, crystalline powder with melting point at about 182°C (with decomposition). Tretinoin, USP is very sparingly soluble in water. 

Tretinoin, USP is available as capsules containing 10 mg tretinoin for oral use. Each capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: butylated hydroxyanisole, edetate disodium, hydrogenated vegetable oil, refined soybean oil and yellow wax. The ingredients in the capsule shell include gelatin, glycerin, sorbitol, red iron oxide, titanium dioxide. The ingredients in the edible imprinting ink include ammonium hydroxide, black iron oxide, propylene glycol and shellac. The ingredients in the processing aid Phosal 53 include lecithin, caprylic/capric triglycerides, ethanol, sunflower mono/diglycerides, oleic acid, ascorbyl palmitate and tocopherol.
BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multiorgan and tissue involvement. Lupus nephritis (LN), an inflammatory condition of the kidneys associated with SLE, represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in SLE patients. Current immunosuppressive therapies for LN have limited efficacy and can lead to significant side effects. Demethylzeylasteral (DML) has shown promise in the treatment of LN, but its precise mechanism of action remains unclear.
PURPOSE: To assess the therapeutic effects and potential molecular mechanisms of DML in LN METHODS: The study evaluated the renal protective effects of DML in MRL/lpr mice through assessments of immune complex levels, renal function, and pathological changes. Network pharmacology and transcriptomics approaches were used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Molecular docking, biacore assay, monoclonal antibody blocking experiments, and in vitro studies were conducted to verify the mechanisms of action.
RESULTS: DML treatment reduced levels of anti-Sm and anti-dsDNA IgG antibodies, as well as serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. DML also mitigated glomerular damage and fibrosis. Mechanistically, DML alleviated podocyte damage by suppressing inflammation and enhancing autophagy through inhibition of the IL-17A/JAK2-STAT3 pathways. Additionally, DML exhibited high binding affinity with IL17A, JAK2, and STAT3.
CONCLUSION: These findings provide strong evidence for the beneficial effects of DML in LN, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for improving renal function in autoimmune kidney diseases.
The present invention provides a remote surgical guidance and teaching apparatus and method, and a medical device. In a remote surgical guidance process, a remote guidance marking line inputted by a guidance doctor can be directly aligned and projected to an area to be subjected to surgery, so that a surgeon can more visually know a surgical route of said area, thereby solving the problem in the prior art that the surgeon needs to repeatedly and frequently switch the angle of view between a display and a lesion site. The technical solution provided by the present invention can improve the surgical positioning accuracy, reduce the surgical injury, optimize the surgical route, and improve the surgical success rate. Therefore, the accuracy of remote surgical guidance is improved, no additional complex registration algorithm is required, and the speed of remote surgery is increased. In addition, in the teaching process, a teaching marking line inputted by a teaching doctor can be directly aligned and projected to the area to be subjected to surgery, so that a trained doctor can visually know the surgical process of the teaching doctor. The technical solution provided by the present invention improves the remote surgical guidance quality and teaching quality.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide spherical granules having a layer part composed of respective specific filler and binder, having excellent dissolution performance, high hardness and smooth surface to prevent blocking trouble and useful for the production of granu lar medicine, etc., having controlled dissolution rate. SOLUTION: This granule has a layer composed of (A) a filler containing fine powder of a water-soluble carbohydrate as at least a part of the filler and (B) a binder consisting of a water-soluble carbohydrate the same as or different from the component A and formed on the outer surface of a core. At least one of the water-soluble carbohydrate used as the binders of the component A or B is a saccharified starch or its reduction product. The objective granules can be produced by charging cores into a centrifugal rolling granulator having a rotary disk on the bottom of a vessel having a circular cross section at the part being in contact with the powder, adding an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble carbohydrate the same as or different from the above fine powder while scattering fine powder containing a water-soluble carbohydrate and granulating the carbohydrate.  A saccharified starch or its reduction product is used as at least one of the fine powder or the water-soluble carbohydrates in the aqueous solution. The saccharified starch is preferably added to the above- mentioned aqueous solution.
BACKGROUND: The Coreopsideae tribe, a subset of the Asteraceae family, encompasses economically vital genera like Dahlia, Cosmos, and Bidens, which are widely employed in medicine, horticulture, ecology, and food applications. Nevertheless, the lack of reference genomes hinders evolutionary and biological investigations in this tribe.
RESULTS: Here, we present 3 haplotype-resolved chromosome-level reference genomes of the tribe Coreopsideae, including 2 popular flowering plants (Dahlia pinnata and Cosmos bipinnatus) and 1 invasive weed plant (Bidens alba), with assembled genome sizes 3.93 G, 1.02 G, and 1.87 G, respectively. We found that Gypsy transposable elements contribute mostly to the larger genome size of D. pinnata, and multiple chromosome rearrangements have occurred in tribe Coreopsideae. Besides the shared whole-genome duplication (WGD-2) in the Heliantheae alliance, our analyses showed that D. pinnata and B. alba each underwent an independent recent WGD-3 event: in D. pinnata, it is more likely to be a self-WGD, while in B. alba, it is from the hybridization of 2 ancestor species. Further, we identified key genes in the inulin metabolic pathway and found that the pseudogenization of 1-FEH1 and 1-FEH2 genes in D. pinnata and the deletion of 3 key residues of 1-FFT proteins in C. bipinnatus and B. alba may probably explain why D. pinnata produces much more inulin than the other 2 plants.
CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, the genomic resources for the Coreopsideae tribe will promote phylogenomics in Asteraceae plants, facilitate ornamental molecular breeding improvements and inulin production, and help prevent invasive weeds.
MobyMax's "Reading Stories" program is a program that focuses on reading comprehension skills. Participants will start their training with stories that are matched to their reading "grade" level. Each grade contains 30 lessons, with 3 stories in each lesson. Participants are given questions to answer at the conclusion of each story, and children advance or remain at that level depending on the progression of their reading skill. Participants randomized to this program will be asked to train 30-45 minutes per session for 25 training sessions over a 5 to 9 week period.
Thaw frozen container at room temperature (25°C/77°F) or under refrigeration (5°C/41°F). [DO NOT FORCE THAW BY IMMERSION IN WATER BATHS OR BY MICROWAVE IRRADIATION.]

Check for minute leaks by squeezing container firmly. If leaks are detected, discard solution as sterility may be impaired.

Do not add supplementary medication.

Visually inspect the container. If the outlet port protector is damaged, detached, or not present, discard container as solution path sterility may be impaired. Components of the solution may precipitate in the frozen state and will dissolve upon reaching room temperature with little or no agitation. Potency is not affected. Agitate after solution has reached room temperature. If after visual inspection the solution remains cloudy or if an insoluble precipitate is noted, or if any seals are not intact, the container should be discarded.

The thawed solution is stable for 21 days under refrigeration (5°C/41°F) or 48 hours at room temperature (25°C/77°F). Do not refreeze thawed antibiotics.

Caution: Do not use plastic containers in series connections. Such use could result in air embolism due to residual air being drawn from the primary container before administration of the fluid from the secondary container is complete.
A cosmetic composition includes a non-acid-resistant-grade ultramarine dye, a stabilizing agent, at least one additive, and water. The ultramarine dye may be present at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 0.4%, by weight, of the cosmetic composition and may include a trisulfur radical anion. The stabilizing agent may include baicalin and may be at a concentration of about 0.2% or less, by weight, of the cosmetic composition. The cosmetic composition may have a pH in the range of 6.5 to 8.0. A method of stabilizing a cosmetic composition includes forming a cosmetic composition including a non-acid-resistant-grade ultramarine dye, a stabilizing agent, at least one additive, and water. The method also includes adjusting a pH of the cosmetic composition to a predetermined value. The stabilizing agent inhibits degradation of the ultramarine dye, thereby stabilizing the cosmetic composition and inhibiting generation of an odor caused by degradation of the ultramarine dye.
While many studies have sought to explore the degree to which sarcopenia-related traits are associated with cognitive performance, these studies have yielded contradictory results without any clear indication of the causality of such relationships. In efforts to better understand associations between sarcopenia-related traits and cognitive ability, a series of multivariate linear regression assessments were carried out upon datasets derived through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Of these, cognitive performance was assessed by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DDST), the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Immediate Recall Test (CERAD-IR), Delayed Recall Test (CERAD-DR) and Animal Fluency Test (AFT). Causal relationships between the two were further inferred via a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis approach. Sarcopenia-related traits considered in these assessments included walking speed, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), and hand grip strength (HGS). Walking speed, ASM, and HGS were all significantly independently related to cognitive scores following adjustment for covariates. MR assessments also identified that each 1-SD higher walking speed and appendicular lean mass were causally and respectively associated with a 0.34 [standard error (SE) = 0.09; p < 0.001)] standardized score higher and a 0.07 (SE = 0.01; p < 0.001) standardized score higher cognitive score, whereas a higher hand grip strength was positively associated with a better cognitive performance. Reverse MR assessments also yielded similar findings. These data suggest that lower walking speed, muscle strength, and muscle mass were all closely related to lower cognitive performance irrespective of gender, and that there may be a mutually reinforcing relationship among these variables.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review addresses the concern of the health effects associated with high-altitude living and chronic hypoxia with a focus on pulmonary hypertension. With an increasing global population residing at high altitudes, understanding these effects is crucial for public health interventions and clinical management.
RECENT FINDINGS: Recent literature on the long-term effects of high-altitude residence and chronic hypoxia is comprehensively summarized. Key themes include the mechanisms of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, the development of pulmonary hypertension, and challenges in distinguishing altitude-related pulmonary hypertension and classical pulmonary vascular diseases, as found at a low altitude.
SUMMARY: The findings emphasize the need for research in high-altitude communities to unravel the risks of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular diseases. Clinically, early and tailored management for symptomatic individuals residing at high altitudes are crucial, as well as access to advanced therapies as proposed by guidelines for pulmonary vascular disease. Moreover, identifying gaps in knowledge underscores the necessity for continued research to improve understanding and clinical outcomes in high-altitude pulmonary vascular diseases.
An aerosol antiperspirant composition comprises an aerosol propellant, e.g. trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane and an effective astringent consisting essentially of a liquid solution of aluminum hydroxy chloride in subtantially anhydrous ethanol.  The two propellants specified above may be used as a 50/50 volume mixture.  The compositions may also contain ethanol soluble bacteriostats, e.g. hexachlorophene, emollients, e.g. lanolin, fumigants, perfumes and humectants, e.g. propylene glycol.ALSO:An antiperspirant composition, comprising an astringent consisting essentially of a liquid solution of aluminium hydoxy chloride in substantially anhydrous ethanol, is prepared by dissolving aluminium hydroxy chloride in an amount of substantially anhydrous ethanol sufficient to solubilize the aluminium hydroxy chloride in the ethanol, the dissolving step including the step of aging.  The astringent may be mixed with an aerosol propellant to provide an aerosol antiperspirant composition.  The compositions may also contain ethanol-soluble bacteriostats (e.g. hexachlorophene), emollients (e.g. lanolin), fumigants, perfumes and humectants (e.g. propylene glycol).  The ethanol contains less than 1% by weight of water.
OBJECTIVES: The objectives are to 1) evaluate the effectiveness of exposure, cognitive, and skills (assertiveness/relaxation) therapies within a 16-session group; and 2) evaluate the relative contribution of each of three treatment components in a manualized treatment group in a sample of OIF/OEF female PTSD veterans. HYPOTHESES: Hypothesis 1. Female OIF/OEF PTSD veterans will show reductions in PTSD symptoms and improvement in general functioning after participation in a structured group treatment compared to a wait-list control group. Hypothesis 2. Exposure and cognitive components will show greater improvement in PTSD symptoms than the skills component. RESEARCH DESIGN/BACKGROUND: Based on studies with male combat veterans, female civilian rape victims, and female veterans, therapies most effective for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are exposure therapy (1,2,3) and cognitive restructuring (4), with less improvement found in other treatments, such as relaxation and assertiveness training (5). Most examinations of PTSD treatments have been conducted in an individual format, but most PTSD treatments offered in Veterans Administration (VA) hospital PTSD programs are conducted in a group format (6). It is critical to determine if these therapies work in a group setting, as only one study (7) found no differences in exposure therapy compared to a support group. In a comprehensive manualized group treatment protocol (8) exposure therapy provided in a group was found effective (9). The aim of the present study is to establish the effectiveness of exposure therapy, among other evidence-based therapies, in a well designed randomized study. METHODOLOGY: Castillo's (8) manualized group treatment protocol for female veterans with PTSD will be modified into a 16-week treatment group with a five-week exposure, five-week cognitive, and four-week skills treatment blocks. Seventy-two subjects will be assessed with structured interviews (SCID and CAPS) and questionnaires (Traumatic Life Events and Quality of Life Inventory) and randomized into one of two arms: 16-week immediate treatment, or a 16-week wait-list control, the latter of which will be reassessed and offered the study treatment. Oversampling will result in 72 subjects in the active treatment arm. Subjects will be reassessed upon completion of treatment or wait-list, at 3, and 6 months following treatment. All treatment groups will include three female OIF/OEF veterans positive for PTSD. The treatment blocks will be varied into six possible orders to control for order effects and the PTSD Symptom Checklist will be administered after each treatment block. Data will be collected for three years. CLINICAL RELATIONSHIPS: Significant results will contribute to the establishment of evidence-based treatments in a manualized treatment group for all veterans with a PTSD diagnosis. FINDINGS: Present findings from Dr. Castillo's lab suggest the effectiveness of exposure therapy in a group setting.
A method for MRI may include obtaining one or more scan parameters. The one or more scan parameters may include information of a plurality of diffusion gradients. The method may include causing, based on the one or more scan parameters, an imaging device to perform a plurality of scans to one or more slices of an object by applying the plurality of diffusion gradients to the one or more slices. For two components in a specific direction of the plurality of diffusion gradients applied in any two successive scans of the plurality of scans, there may be at most one component exceeding a first threshold. The specific direction may be one of a readout direction, a phase-encoding direction, or a slice-selection direction. The first threshold may be less than diffusion gradient energy relating to a duration and strength associated with one of the plurality of diffusion gradients.
Disintegratable tablets for oral administration are made from a three pellet system. One type of pellet contains drug, another is soft and another includes a disintegrant allowing the tablet to disintegrate in the stomach. The drug pellets are preferably coated, for instance with a controlled release binder. The soft pellets preferably contain an ester of a fatty ester. The disintegratable pellets preferably comprise a water-insoluble inorganic powder, such as barium sulphate, iron oxide, magnesium oxide or calcium carbonate. The soft pellets deformed during the tabletting procedure to minimise damage to the drug containing pellets, for instance minimising disruption of the coating. The disintegrant pellets mean the release characteristics from the drug pellets are retained.
Our current standard practice is to use a lateral approach through the middle temporal gyrus to place 3 depth electrodes targeting the hippocampus for intraoperative verification of pathological epileptiform activity prior to resection. Our research protocol will add one FDA approved electrode that has a central cannula for insertion of a microdialysis probe. The electro-physiological data that will be gathered is not altered and this methodology will not impact standard clinical care, except and will not to extend the duration in the OR - the measurements will occur during the clinical electrocorticography (ECoG; intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG)) procedure by 15 min.
Prophylaxis

The recommended dose of clarithromycin for the prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium disease is 500 mg b.i.d. In children, the recommended dose is 7.5 mg/kg b.i.d. up to 500 mg b.i.d. No studies of clarithromycin for MAC prophylaxis have been performed in pediatric populations and the doses recommended for prophylaxis are derived from MAC treatment studies in children. Dosing recommendations for children are in the table above.

Treatment

Clarithromycin is recommended as the primary agent for the treatment of disseminated infection due to Mycobacterium avium complex. Clarithromycin should be used in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs that have shown in vitro activity against MAC or clinical benefit in MAC treatment (see CLINICAL STUDIES). The recommended dose for mycobacterial infections in adults is 500 mg b.i.d. In children, the recommended dose is 7.5 mg/kg b.i.d. up to 500 mg b.i.d. Dosing recommendations for children are in the table above.

Clarithromycin therapy should continue for life if clinical and mycobacterial improvements are observed.

Constituting Instructions

The table below indicates the volume of water to be added when constituting:

Add half the volume of water to the bottle and shake vigorously. Add the remainder of water to the bottle and shake.

Shake well before each use. Oversize bottle provides shake space. Keep tightly closed. Do not refrigerate. After mixing, store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature] and use within 14 days.
A host cell stably transformed or transfected by a vector including a DNA  sequence encoding for mutant purine nucleoside cleavage enzymes is provided.  The transformed or transfected host cell can be used in combination with a purine substrate to treat tumour cells and/or virally infected cells. A  nucleotide sequence encoding mutant E. coli derived purine nucleoside phosphorylase proteins which can be used in conjunction with an appropriate substrate to produce toxins which impair abnormal cell growth is also provided. A method is detailed for the delivery of toxin by generation withing target cells or by administration and delivery to the cells from without.  Novel purine nucleosides are detailed that yield a cytotoxic purine upn enzymatic cleavage. A synthetic process for nucleosides is also detailed.
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and the major non-traumatic cause of permanent disability in young adults. Several migration studies have been performed over the years suggesting a pattern of higher disease disability in certain ethnic groups. To our knowledge, differences in disease progression in immigrants have not been studied in Sweden before. Thus, the aims of our study were to estimate the prevalence of multiple sclerosis among first-generation immigrants in the City of Malmö and to compare differences in disease severity with the native population.
METHODS: All persons with multiple sclerosis living in Malmö on prevalence day 31 Dec 2010 were included. Cases were classified according to the country of birth into Scandinavians, Western and non-Western.
RESULTS: The crude prevalence was 100/100,000 (95% CI, 80-124) among first-generation immigrants, 154/100,000 (95% CI, 137-173) among individuals with Scandinavian background, 123/100,000 (95% CI, 94-162) in the Western group and 76/100,000 (95% CI, 53-108) in the non-Western group. The mean Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) value among Scandinavians was 4.2 (SD 3.5), whereas the figures in the immigrant group were 4.6 (SD 3.3) and 5.2 (SD 3.7) among Westerns respectively non-Westerns, which differences were not statistically significant. When adjusting for gender, age at onset and initial disease course, the mean MSSS difference between the non-Western and the Scandinavian individuals was 1.7 (95% CI 0.18-3.3, p = 0.030). There were no differences on time to diagnosis or the time from diagnosis to treatment initiation between the three groups.
CONCLUSIONS: We found a lower prevalence among Western and non-Western first-generation immigrants compared to the Scandinavian population and a more severe disease in non-Western immigrants than in Scandinavians.
Isomer-free barbituric acids carrying 1 or 2 sec. alkyl groups in the 5-position are prepd. by reacting isomer-poor or isomer-free (e.g 5% isomers) higher molecular sec. alkyl bromides (2- and 3-bromopentanes in examples) with sodium malonic esters, then condensing with urea to give the corr. alkylated barbituric acids. 5-Bis-alkylated barbituric acids have sedative activity advantage of the isomer-free products is that specific activity of the individual acids can be determined.