anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Perianal fistulas and abscesses occur commonly as complications of pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). A validated imaging assessment tool for quantification of perianal disease severity and activity is needed to evaluate treatment response. We aimed to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based measures of perianal fistulizing disease activity and study design features appropriate for pediatric patients.
METHODS: Seventy-nine statements relevant to MRI-based assessment of pediatric perianal fistulizing CD activity and clinical trial design were generated from literature review and expert opinion. Statement appropriateness was rated by a panel (N = 15) of gastroenterologists, radiologists, and surgeons using modified RAND/University of California Los Angeles appropriateness methodology.
RESULTS: The modified Van Assche Index (mVAI) and the Magnetic Resonance Novel Index for Fistula Imaging in CD (MAGNIFI-CD) were considered appropriate instruments for use in pediatric perianal fistulizing disease clinical trials. Although there was concern regarding the use of intravascular contrast material in pediatric patients, its use in clinical trials was considered appropriate. A clinically evident fistula tract and radiologic disease defined as at least 1 fistula or abscess on pelvic MRI were considered appropriate trial inclusion criteria. A coprimary clinical and radiologic end point and inclusion of a patient-reported outcome were also considered appropriate.
CONCLUSION: Outcomes of treatment of perianal fistulizing disease in children must include MRI. Existing multi-item measures, specifically the mVAI and MAGNIFI-CD, can be adapted and used for children. Further research to assess the operating properties of the indices when used in a pediatric patient population is ongoing.
Approximately 15 million people (including 8% of children) in the US have a food allergy and are at risk for life-threatening systemic reactions to foods. There is an unmet need for treatments capable of preventing such reactions. This is a phase II, single-center, open label trial involving the use of acalabrutinib (brand name Calquence®) to prevent food-induced anaphylaxis in adults with food allergy. Acalabrutinib is FDA-approved to treat certain medical conditions, but it is not approved to treat allergies.

Adult participants with a physician-diagnosed food allergy to peanut and/or tree nuts will be enrolled. These participants will undergo an oral food challenge to peanut or a tree nut under close physician supervision to determine participants' baseline reactivity. After a rest period, the participants will take 4 oral doses of acalabrutinib 100 mg, and then repeat the oral food challenge to see if acalabrutinib will reduce participants' reactivity to peanut or tree nuts.
Computer-based patient management is provided for healthcare. Patient data is used to determine a severity, assign a patient to a corresponding diagnosis-related group, and provide a timeline for care at a medical facility. Reminders or alerts are sent to maintain the timeline for more cost effective care. Reminders, suggestions, transitions between care givers, scheduling and other risk management actions are performed. As more data becomes available as part of the care, the care and timeline may be adjusted automatically for more efficient utilization of resources. Accountable care optimization is provided as part of case management. Automated care before any injury or illness and automated care after discharge is provided to optimize the health and costs for a patient. The patient is assigned to the cohort based on the patient data.
The present invention relates to novel carboxamide compounds and their use for the manufacture of a medicament. The carboxamide compounds are inhibitors of calpain (calcium dependant cysteine proteases). The invention therefore also relates to the use of these carboxamide compounds for treating a disorder associated with an elevated calpain activity. The carboxamide compounds are compounds of the general formula I in which R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4, Q, Y, A and X have the meanings mentioned in the claims and the description, the tautomers thereof and the pharmaceutically suitable salts thereof. In particular, the compounds have the general formula Ia and Ib in which R1, r, R2b, R3a, R3b, R4, Y and X have the meanings mentioned in the claims, including the tautomers thereof and the pharmaceutically suitable salts thereof. Of these compounds those are preferred wherein Y is a moiety CH2-CH2, CH2-CH2-CH2, N(Ry ♯ )-CH2, N(Ry ♯)-CH2-CH2 or CH=CH-CH=, each optionally having 1 or 2 H-atoms replaced with identical or different radicals Ry, wherein Ry and Ry ♯ have the meanings mentioned in the claims.
INTRODUCTION: Ambient particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) exposure elevates the risk for cardiovascular disease morbidity (CVDM). The aim of this study is to characterise which area-level measures of socioeconomic position (SEP) modify the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and CVDM in Missouri at the census-tract (CT) level.
METHODS: We use individual level Missouri emergency department (ED) admissions data (n=3 284 956), modelled PM2.5 data, and yearly CT data from 2012 to 2016 to conduct a two-stage analysis. Stage one uses a case-crossover approach with conditional logistic regression to establish the baseline risk of ED visits associated with IQR changes in PM2.5. In the second stage, we use multivariate metaregression to examine how CT-level SEP modifies the relationship between ambient PM2.5 exposure and CVDM.
RESULTS: We find that overall, ambient PM2.5 exposure is associated with increased risk for CVDM. We test effect modification in statewide and urban CTs, and in the warm season only. Effect modification results suggest that among SEP measures, poverty is most consistently associated with increased risk for CVDM. For example, across Missouri, the highest poverty CTs are at an elevated risk for CVDM (OR=1.010 (95% CI 1.007 to 1.014)) compared with the lowest poverty CTs (OR=1.004 (95% CI 1.000 to 1.008)). Other SEP modifiers generally display an inconsistent or null effect.
CONCLUSION: Overall, we find some evidence that area-level SEP modifies the relationship between ambient PM2.5 exposure and CVDM, and suggest that the relationship between air-pollution, area-level SEP and CVDM may be sensitive to spatial scale.
During the active- and sham-tDCS conditions, the participants will receive current with ramp up and ramp down mode for 10 seconds, eliciting a tingling sensation on the scalp that fades over seconds. Following that, the tasks will be initiated five minutes subsequent to the stimulation mode and terminated prior to its end for active-tDCS condition. Whereas, the sham condition with the same placement and intensity will only receive 30s initial stimulation and then discontinue. Throughout the active / sham-tDCS condition, participants are required to sit still and focus their attention on a "+" displayed on a computer monitor during the five-minute rest. After that, they will undergo active-tDCS (1mA, 20 min) to the left DLPFC or sham stimulation over 10 sessions in 2 weeks, while performing the executive function training tasks.
Compositions for the treatment of cancerous tissues in warm-blooded animals containing both an anticancer drug and a photoactivatable drug attached to copolymeric carriers are made up of a member selected from the group consisting of (a) a copolymeric carrier having attached thereto both an anticancer drug and a photoactivatable drug, (b) a mixture of copolymeric carriers wherein one copolymeric carrier has attached an anticancer drug and the other copolymeric carrier has attached a photoactivatable drug and (c) a combination of (a) and (b). The anticancer drug is attached to the polymeric carrier by side-chains which are stable in the blood stream of the warm-blooded animal but susceptible to hydrolysis by lysosomal enzymes intracellularly. The photoactivatable drug is attached by either the same degradable side-chain or by a non-degradable attachment. The polymer carrier may optionally contain a targeting moiety. Upon administration polymeric macromolecules enter targeted cancer cells by pinocytosis which reduces the side effects normally elicited by the free drugs. A time lag is allowed following administration for optimal uptake of the copolymers in the cancerous tissue for the anticancer agent to begin to take effect. Then a light sources of the appropriate wavelength and energy is to activate the photoactivatable drug. The combined effect of the anticancer agent and photoactivatable drug provides greater cell destruction at reduced dosages and side effects.
Participants began with the PNF D2 shoulder exercise for 1 minute. Then participants did PNF D2 exercise with virtual reality gaming as second intervention for 1 minute and then they did PNF D2 exercise with concurrent feedback as third intervention for 1 minute. Between each intervention, participants were given a 2-minute break. Baseline was always PNF exercise, however second and third interventions for the arm 1 and arm 2 were different.
PURPOSE: The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of (uncontrolled) OIC, relevant medications / interventions employed by healthcare professionals, and the additional strategies utilised by patients, amongst European patients with cancer pain.
METHODS: This study was a prospective observational study conducted at 24 research sites in ten European countries. Cancer patients receiving opioid analgesics for at least a week were recruited, and asked to complete a questionnaire including background information, single question (Are you constipated?), Rome IV diagnostic criteria for OIC, Bowel Function Index (BFI), and Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life questionnaire (PAC-QOL). Participants were characterised as having / not having OIC on the basis of the Rome IV diagnostic criteria.
RESULTS: 1200 participants completed the study. 59.5% met the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for OIC: only 61.5% that met these criteria self-reported constipation. 72% participants were prescribed a regular conventional laxative / peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist (PAMORA). However, only 66% took their prescribed laxatives every day. Many participants had utilised other strategies / interventions to manage their OIC. Furthermore, 27% had needed to use suppositories, 26.5% had needed to use an enema, and 8% had had a manual evacuation. The use of PAMORAs, and other novel effective medications, was relatively uncommon.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that management in Europe is often inadequate, and this undoubtedly relates to a combination of inadequate assessment, inappropriate treatment, and inadequate reassessment.
OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the normal organ and tumor dosimetry with yttrium Y 90 monoclonal antibody MN-14 using indium In 111 monoclonal antibody MN-14 as pretherapy in patients with advanced ovarian epithelial cancer. II. Evaluate the extent and duration of antitumor response in these patients on this regimen.

OUTLINE: This is a dose escalation study of yttrium Y 90 monoclonal antibody MN-14 (90Y hMN-14). Patients receive filgrastim (G-CSF) subcutaneously (SQ) on days -17 to -13, followed by leukapheresis on days -14 to -12. If an adequate number of CD34+ cells are not harvested, bone marrow is also collected. Patients receive pretherapy targeting consisting of indium In 111 monoclonal antibody MN-14 over 30 minutes on day -7. At least 1 confirmed tumor site must be targeted. Patients receive 90Y hMN-14 IV over 30-45 minutes on day 0. PBSC is reinfused within 7 to 14 days after 90 hMN-14 administration. Patients receive G-CSF SQ or IV until blood counts recover. Cohorts of 3-6 patients receive escalating doses of 90Y hMN-14 until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is determined. The MTD is defined as either the dose at which no more than 1 of 6 patients experiences dose limiting toxicity or the threshold radiation doses to lungs, kidney, and liver are reached. Patients are followed weekly for 1 month, every 2 weeks for 2 months, monthly for 3 months, every 3 months for 2 years, and then every 6 months for 5 years.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: Approximately 48-51 patients will be accrued for this study within 5 years.
A computer-executable application receives genetic test results for a genetic test a patient has undergone, an identifier for the genetic test, and an identifier for the genetic laboratory that performed the genetic test. The application identifies a format type of the genetic test results. When the format type is unstructured, the application performs an optical character recognition process to the genetic test results such that the format type of the genetic test results is semi-structured. When the format type is semi-structured, the application identifies a set of lexing and parsing rules assigned to the genetic test. The application generates processed genetic test results by applying the set of lexing and parsing rules to the genetic test results and stores the processed genetic test results in a data store. When the format type is structured, the application stores the genetic test results as the processed genetic test results in the data store.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an alcohol metabolism-stimulating agent capable of degrading an ingested alcohol in bodies by including the extracted ingredients of Agkistrodon halys as active ingredients. SOLUTION: The whole body dry powder of Agkistrodon halys (preferably Agkistrodon blomhoffii blomhoffii Boie.) is extracted with 20-50% water- containing methanol, 30-70% ethanol at room temperature. The extract is subjected to a vacuum alcohol evaporation treatment at 30-60 deg.C and subsequently to a lyophilization treatment to prepare the dry extract. The daily administration dose of 250mg/Kg gives a sufficient effect according to the result of a test. Thereby, when the extract is administered to a man (body weight: 50Kg), the daily administration of 1.25g is estimated to give the effect.
Participants will receive an identical 12-week cognitive behavioral smoking cessation program delivered by YMCA staff and monitored by members of the research team to ensure fidelity of treatment delivery. In addition to the smoking cessation program, those in the CBT + EXERCISE condition will enroll in the 12-week YMCA Personal Fitness Program (PFP) where they will receive 4 sessions with a personal trainer in weeks 1, 4, 8 and 12 and will engage in aerobic exercise at least 3 times per week either in the PFP facilities or in other programs offered at the YMCA, such as aerobics classes.
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common cardiovascular cause of death after myocardial infarction and stroke . The incidence of PE has been increasing ,with significant associated mortality; a recent registry of PE patients reported a mortality rate \> 10% at 30 days. There are a number of emerging contemporary PE therapies, including thrombolysis, catheter intervention and surgery. Early and accurate identification of PE in patients is therefore critical. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) may help when there is a clinical suspicion for PE, and its use in confirmed PE is widely recommended . A number of right atrial (RA) and right ventricular (RV) parameters have been shown to be abnormal in patients with PE . In addition, RA and RV enlargement portends a worse prognosis in these patients .
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and all-cause mortality in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study was carried out among 9303 participants with CKD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles spanning 1999 to 2018. The mortality data were ascertained by linking participant records to the National Death Index up to December 31, 2019. Complex sampling-weighted multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were employed to estimate the association between SII level and all-cause mortality, providing hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A restricted cubic spline analysis was conducted to explore potential nonlinear correlation. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were also conducted.
RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 86 months, 3400 (36.54%) all-cause deaths were documented. A distinctive "J"-shaped relationship between SII level and all-cause mortality was discerned among individuals with CKD, with the nadir observed at an SII level of 478.93 within the second quartile. After adjusting for potential covariates, the risk of all-cause mortality escalated by 13% per increment of one standard deviation of SII, once SII exceeded 478.93 (HR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.08-1.18). An elevated SII was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality among patients with CKD (Q4 vs. Q2: HR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.01-1.48). Subgroup analyses indicated that the correlation between SII and CKD mortality was particularly pronounced among participants over 60 years old and individuals with diabetes. Sensitivity analyses revealed a linear positive association between SII and all-cause mortality after removing the extreme 5% outliers of SII.
CONCLUSIONS: A distinctive "J"-shaped relationship between SII level and all-cause mortality was identified among individuals with CKD. Further research is warranted to validate and expand upon these findings.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Xiaobanxia Decoction (XBXD), a traditional antiemetic formula, is effective in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), but its underlying mechanism has not been fully clarified.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate whether the antiemetic mechanisms of XBXD against CINV is associated with the reduction of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis and the alleviation of gastrointestinal inflammation induced by cisplatin.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We established the in vivo pica rat model and the in vitro small intestinal epithelial cell (IEC-6 cell) injury model by cisplatin challenge. The levels of ROS, IL-1β, IL-18, HMGB1 were measured by ELISA. The histopathological changes of gastrointestinal (GI) tissues were examined by HE staining. The expression and localization of GSDME in GI tissues were determined by IHC. The GSDME mRNA expression in GI tissues was determined by RT-PCR. The IEC-6 cell viability was detected by CCK-8. The morphology of IEC-6 cells was observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy. Pyroptosis was examined using Hoechst33342/PI staining. The intracellular ROS levels were measured with the fluorescent probe DCFH-DA. The expression levels of JNK, p-JNK, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3 and GSDME in GI tissues and IEC-6 cells were determined by WB.
RESULTS: We found that the cumulative kaolin intake (pica behavior, analogous to emesis) significantly increased in cisplatin-treated rats, accompanied by significant inflammatory pathological changes of GI tissues. XBXD decreased the cumulative kaolin intake and alleviated GI inflammation in cisplatin-treated rats by inhibiting the activation of the ROS/JNK/Bax signaling pathway and by reducing GSDME-mediated pyroptosis. Additionally, cisplatin damaged IEC-6 cells by activating GSDME-dependent pyroptosis. XBXD reduced GSDME-mediated IEC-6 cell pyroptotic death by regulating the ROS/JNK/Bax signaling pathway.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that GSDME-mediated pyroptosis greatly contributes to the occurrence of CINV, and suppressing GSDME-mediated pyroptosis is the important antiemetic mechanism of XBXD.
Lithium carbonate extended-release tablets are indicated in the treatment of manic episodes of Bipolar Disorder. Bipolar Disorder, Manic (DSM-IV) is equivalent to Manic Depressive illness, Manic, in the older DSM-II terminology. Lithium carbonate extended-release tablets are also indicated as a maintenance treatment for individuals with a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder. Maintenance therapy reduces the frequency of manic episodes and diminishes the intensity of those episodes which may occur.

Typical symptoms of mania include pressure of speech, motor hyperactivity, reduced need for sleep, flight of ideas, grandiosity, elation, poor judgment, aggressiveness, and possibly hostility. When given to a patient experiencing a manic episode, lithium may produce a normalization of symptomatology within 1 to 3 weeks.
Participants will be crossed over to the Move in Mind program following the 6-week waitlist control. Participants of the waitlist control group will be asked to complete follow-up questionnaires both at the same time as the intervention group (after week six) as well as after their own program.
The incidence of melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, continues to increase worldwide, particularly among populations with lighter skin tones. The diagnostic challenge of melanoma lies in the absence of a distinctive clinical presentation, as its characteristics vary based on anatomical location, growth type, and histopathology. The melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) gene family is differentially expressed in various human cancers, including melanoma. In this study, we explored the association between human MAGEA2 (hMAGEA2) expression and melanoma. Using a human melanoma tissue array, we confirmed that hMAGEA2 expression was higher in melanoma and metastatic melanoma than in normal tissues. Additionally, we used SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cell lines to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying melanoma progression and invasiveness. In SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cells, hMAGEA2 overexpression accelerated cell proliferation. Conversely, the knockdown of hMAEGA2 reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration significantly and induced arrest at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. With respect to the molecular mechanism, the knockdown of hMAGEA2 decreased the phosphorylation of Akt, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Additionally, hMAGEA2 knockdown reduced tumor formation significantly at the in vivo level. Collectively, the robust correlation between hMAGEA2 and melanoma metastasis supports the potential utility of hMAGEA2 as both a diagnostic marker and novel therapeutic target for patients with melanoma metastasis.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide a topographical assessment of macular atrophy in successfully treated neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes to investigate determinants of monocular reading performance.
METHODS: A total of 60 participants (60 eyes) with previously treated neovascular AMD and absence of optical coherence tomography (OCT) signs of exudation were enrolled. Reading performance was assessed monocularly using Radner charts. The following variables were obtained: (i) the reading acuity was defined as the logarithm of the reading acuity determination (LogRAD), at the smallest sentence, a patient is able to read in less than 30 seconds; (ii) the maximum reading speed was defined as the fastest time achieved and is calculated in words per minute (wpm). OCT images were reviewed for the presence of macular atrophy within the central, 4 inner and 4 outer Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid subfields. Contributory factors affecting reading performance were examined using univariable and multivariable linear mixed model considering reading acuity and reading speed as dependent variables.
RESULTS: Median (interquartile range [IQR]) values were 0.53 (IQR = 0.17) LogRAD for reading acuity, and 144 (60) wpm for maximum reading speed. Thirty-five out of 60 (58.3%) eyes were characterized by the presence of macular atrophy. In multiple regression analysis, reading acuity was significantly associated with presence of macular atrophy in the foveal central circle (P = 0.024). Conversely, the maximum reading speed was associated with presence of macular atrophy in the inner-right ETDRS subfield (P = 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS: We showed a significant relationship between presence and location of macular atrophy and reading performance in neovascular AMD.