anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Congenital cataract (CC) is the leading cause of reversible blindness during childhood, which appears at birth or during the first decade of life. Nowadays, doctors put mental health at a prior place and pay more attention to the psychological problems of ill kids' parents. In our research, we try to find a new modern and efficient psychological counseling mode to improve the mentality of parents and relieve their anxiety and depression. We divide guardians of parents into two groups .One group is given the traditional follow-up by regular phone call every month. The other is in a wechat group. A doctor send the useful information about kids care and answer questions of parents at regular time every month. The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores of parents are marked before and after the long follow up.
Hypertension is a highly prevalent cardiovascular disease, which affects over 1 billion people worldwide. It varies with age, race, education and so forth.1 The National Health Survey of Pakistan estimated that hypertension affects 18% of adults and 33% of adults are above 45 years old.2It is a common disease encountered in dental setting. Its wide spreading, terrible consequences, and life-long treatment require an attentive approach by dentists. Knowledge of hypertension is important for dentists especially for risk assessment for dental treatment. This may lead to improved monitoring and treatment.

Dental treatment in hypertensive patients necessitates special attention, because any stressful procedure may increase blood pressure and trigger acute complications such as cardiac arrest or stroke. Extractions are usually done for teeth which are not salvageable. Dentists routinely advice use of warm saline rinses to help in healing of post extraction socket. But for hypertensive patients this recommendation is potentially harmful There is no evidence based guidelines on using saline rinses for post extraction oral care among hypertensives. Moreover, advantage of orally dissolved topical analgesics in addition to orally administered analgesic is questionable.
An oral pharmaceutical formulation comprises a first cannabinoid selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and analogues thereof; and a second cannabinoid selected from the group consisting of cannabidiol (CBD) and analogues thereof. The formulation also comprises at least one poloxamer, and a solvent defined according to formula (I): Where R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, C(O)CH3, OH, C(O)CH3, CH2OH and C(O)OCH2CH3; R3 is independently selected from CH3, CH2OH, OH, CH2OC(O)CH3 and CH2C(O)CH2CH3; and R4 is independently selected from hydrogen and C(O)OCH2CH3. Analogues of THC may include tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (TCHA), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA). Analogues of CBD may include cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidvarin (CBDV) and cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA). Preferably, the composition comprises no oil, for example no triglycerides or mixed glycerides. The composition may be a Type IV, or Type IV-like, composition according to the Lipid Formulation Classification System. The cannabinoid may be cannabidiol or cannabidivarin; the poloxamer may be a mixture of poloxamers, such as a mixture of poloxamer 124 and poloxamer 188; and the solvent may be propylene glycol, triacetin, triethyl citrate, or diacetin. The composition may be suitable for use in the treatment of paediatric epilepsy.
Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of omeprazole, a component of TALICIA and nearly all antibacterial agents, including amoxicillin and rifabutin, which are components of TALICIA and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.

CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following proton pump inhibitor and or antibacterial use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents.

If CDAD is confirmed, TALICIA should be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibacterial drug treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.
Provided herein are compositions and methods for preventing, ameliorating, and/or reducing tissue ischemia and/or tissue damage due to ischemia, increasing blood vessel diameter, blood flow and tissue perfusion in the presence of vascular disease including peripheral vascular disease, atherosclerotic vascular disease, coronary artery disease, stroke and influencing other conditions, by suppressing CD47 and/or blocking TSP1 and/or CD47 activity or interaction.  Influencing the interaction of CD47-TSP1 in blood vessels allows for control of blood vessel diameter and blood flow, and permits modification of blood pressure and cardiac function. Under conditions of decreased blood flow, for instance through injury or atherosclerosis, blocking TSP1-CD47 interaction allows blood vessels to dilate and increases blood flow, tissue perfusion and tissue survival. This in turn reduces or prevents tissue necrosis and death. The therapeutics identified herein allow for precise regulation of blood flow to tissues and organs which need it, while substantially avoiding systemic complications. Methods and compositions described herein can be used to increase tissue survival under conditions of trauma and surgery, as well as conditions of chronic vascular disease. Also disclosed are methods for the treatment of elderly subjects using agents that affect TSP1 and CD47 and thereby affect tissue perfusion.  Additionally, provided herein are compositions and methods for influencing blood coagulation, allowing for controlled increased or decreased blood clotting. Additionally, provided herein are compositions and methods for decreasing blood flow, as in the case of cancer through mimicking the effects of TSP1 and CD47 on blood vessel diameter and blood flow.
INTRODUCTION: Intestinal fibrosis is a common and serious complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) driving stricture formation in Crohn's disease patients and leading to submucosal damage in ulcerative colitis. Recent studies provided novel insights into the role of immune and nonimmune components in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis. Those new findings may accelerate the development of anti-fibrotic treatment in IBD patients.
AREAS COVERED: This review is designed to cover the recent progress in mechanistic research and therapeutic developments on intestinal fibrosis in IBD patients, including new cell clusters, cytokines, proteins, microbiota, creeping fat, and anti-fibrotic therapies.
EXPERT OPINION: Due to the previously existing major obstacle of missing consensus on stricture definitions and the absence of clinical trial endpoints, testing of drugs with an anti-fibrotic mechanism is just starting in stricturing Crohn's disease (CD). A biomarker to stratify CD patients at diagnosis without any complications into at-risk populations for future strictures would be highly desirable. Further investigations are needed to identify novel mechanisms of fibrogenesis in the intestine that are targetable and ideally gut specific.
This group will be composed by 150 MS patients who, consecutively, from the start of the study, will refer to the MS clinic of the Neurology Unit of the Ferrara University Hospital, Italy. The first 50 patients with a PACQoL score ≥ 32 will be asked to be willing to enter the next phase of the study that continues at the Coloproctological Outpatient Clinic of Ferrara University Hospital, Italy with an appointment provided by the neurologist with a pre-established schedule (with written consent).
Group 1 (n = 5) received anodal tDCS stimulation and intensive speech and voice therapy; tDCS and speech therapy was applied in 10 daily sessions during a 2-week period, administered on Monday to Friday. The anodal stimulation was delivered to the primary motor cortex (SM1) of the orofacial area.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of the SARC-F questionnaire to identify sarcopenia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
METHODS: We prospectively recruited patients with PD who had a score of 3 or lower on the Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scale. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), hand grip strength, and the SARC-F were used to assess sarcopenia. The cutoffs for the ASM index and hand grip strength to diagnose sarcopenia were based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus. A score ≥4 on the SARC-F was considered at risk for sarcopenia.
RESULTS: A total of 365 patients with PD were included (mean age, 71.1 years; men, 53.2 %), and 73 (20.0 %) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the SARC-F was 0.702 (95 % confidence interval, 0.634-0.770). Using the recommended cutoff score of ≥4, the SARC-F showed a sensitivity of 38.4 %, specificity of 85.6 %, positive predictive value (PPV) of 40.0 %, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 84.7 %. The Youden's index was the highest at a cutoff score of ≥2, in which the SARC-F showed a sensitivity of 67.1 %, specificity of 65.4 %, PPV of 32.7 %, and NPV of 88.8 %. These predictive values were similar to those obtained using a cutoff score of ≥2.5 or 3 on the H&Y scale.
CONCLUSION: The application of the SARC-F to the mild-to moderate PD population is not appropriate as a first-step screening tool to diagnose sarcopenia. Given the comparable predictive values of the SARC-F and H&Y scale, this questionnaire may be considered only for ruling out sarcopenia in patients with similar disease severity.
BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine whether end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a true contraindication for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult patients who received VA-ECMO at National Taiwan University Hospital between January 2010 and December 2021 were included. Patients who received regular dialysis before the index admission were included in the ESRD group. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.
RESULTS: 1341 patients were included in the analysis, 121 of whom had ESRD before index admission. The ESRD group was older (62.3 versus 56.8 years; P < 0.01) and had more comorbidities. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) was used more frequently in the ESRD group (66.1% versus 51.6%; P < 0.001). The ESRD group had higher in-hospital mortality rates (72.7% versus 63.3%; P = 0.03). In the ECPR subgroup, there was no difference of survival between ESRD and others(P = 0.56). In the multivariate Cox regression, ESRD was not an independent predictor for mortality (P = 0.20).
CONCLUSION: ESRD was not an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality after VA-ECMO. The survival of ESRD patients was not inferior to those without ESRD when receiving ECPR. Therefore, ESRD should not be considered a contraindication to VA-ECMO in adults.
These patients will start antibiotics according to standard practice of the attending physicians. It is anticipated that attending physicians will be informed in maximum 5 hours after randomization about the results of BCID2 including carriage of resistance genes and of the Reveal Rapid AST in the case of Gram-negative isolates. Physicians and investigators receiving this information are obliged to change the empirically prescribed antibiotics according to the rule provided in Box 1. The attending physicians and investigators will be allowed to decide for any change of antimicrobial treatment based on the results of conventional blood cultures provided to them by the central lab or any other culture provided to them by their hospital. PCT will be measured on day 1 and then daily starting from day 5. Attending physicians will be advised to discontinue antimicrobials on the first day by day 5 when PCT value is less than 80% of the initial value or it remains below 0.5 ng/ml.
Pregnancy Category C.

  


There are no well-controlled studies in pregnant women treated with clindamycin phosphate and tretinoin gel. Clindamycin phosphate and tretinoin gel should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. A limit teratology study performed in Sprague Dawley rats treated topically with clindamycin phosphate and tretinoin gel or 0.025% tretinoin gel at a dose of 2 mL/kg during gestation days 6 to 15 did not result in teratogenic effects. Although no systemic levels of tretinoin were detected, craniofacial and heart abnormalities were described in drug-treated groups. These abnormalities are consistent with retinoid effects and occurred at 16 times the recommended clinical dose assuming 100% absorption and based on body surface area comparison. For purposes of comparison of the animal exposure to human exposure, the recommended clinical dose is defined as 1 g of clindamycin phosphate and tretinoin gel applied daily to a 50-kg person.

  


Clindamycin: Reproductive developmental toxicity studies performed in rats and mice using oral doses of clindamycin up to 600 mg/kg/day (480 and 240 times the recommended clinical dose based on body surface area comparison, respectively) or subcutaneous doses of clindamycin up to 180 mg/kg/day (140 and 70 times the recommended clinical dose based on body surface area comparison, respectively) revealed no evidence of teratogenicity.

  


Tretinoin: Oral tretinoin has been shown to be teratogenic in mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, and primates. It was teratogenic and fetotoxic in Wistar rats when given orally at doses greater than 1 mg/kg/day (32 times the recommended clinical dose based on body surface area comparison). However, variations in teratogenic doses among various strains of rats have been reported. In the cynomologous monkey, a species in which tretinoin metabolism is closer to humans than in other species examined, fetal malformations were reported at oral doses of 10 mg/kg/day or greater, but none were observed at 5 mg/kg/day (324 times the recommended clinical dose based on body surface area comparison), although increased skeletal variations were observed at all doses. Dose-related teratogenic effects and increased abortion rates were reported in pigtail macaques.

  


With widespread use of any drug, a small number of birth defect reports associated temporally with the administration of the drug would be expected by chance alone. Thirty cases of temporally associated congenital malformations have been reported during 2 decades of clinical use of another formulation of topical tretinoin. Although no definite pattern of teratogenicity and no causal association have been established from these cases, 5 of the reports describe the rare birth defect category, holoprosencephaly (defects associated with incomplete midline development of the forebrain). The significance of these spontaneous reports in terms of risk to fetus is not known.
Pediatric Patients 

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted in pediatric patients 6 to 12 years of age (N=584) who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD (either the combined type or the hyperactive-impulsive type). Patients were randomized to fixed-dose treatment groups receiving final doses of 10, 20 or 30 mg of mixed salts of a single-entity amphetamine product extended-release capsules or placebo once daily in the morning for three weeks.

The primary efficacy variable was the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) total score for the primary cohort. The ADHD-RS-IV is an 18-item scale that measures the core symptoms of ADHD. Significant improvements on the ADHD-RS-IV, based upon teacher ratings of attention and hyperactivity, were observed for all doses compared to patients who received placebo, for all three weeks, including the first week of treatment, when all subjects were receiving a dose of 10 mg/day. Patients who received MAS ER showed improvements on the ADHD-RS-IV total score in both morning and afternoon assessments compared to patients on placebo. 

In a classroom analogue study, patients (N=51) receiving fixed doses of 10 mg, 20 mg or 30 mg MAS ER demonstrated statistically significant improvements on teacher-rated Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham (SKAMP) scale Attention and Deportment variables and Permanent Product Measure of Performance (PERMP) scales compared to patients treated with placebo. SKAMP is a validated 13-item teacher-rated scale that assesses manifestations of ADHD in a classroom setting. PERMP is a skill-adjusted math test that measure attention in ADHD.

A double-blind, randomized, multi-center, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study was conducted in pediatric patients 13 to 17 years of age (N=327) who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. The primary cohort of patients (n=287, weighing ≤ 75kg) was randomized to fixed-dose treatment groups and received four weeks of treatment. Patients were randomized to receive final doses of 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, and 40 mg MAS ER or placebo once daily in the morning. Patients randomized to doses greater than 10 mg were titrated to their final doses by 10 mg each week. Improvements in the primary cohort were statistically significantly greater in all four primary cohort active treatment groups (MAS ER 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, and 40 mg) compared with the placebo group. There was not adequate evidence that doses greater than 20 mg/day conferred additional benefit.
Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Although OPC incidence is increasing globally, knowledge of oral HPV infection rates is limited. Here we carried out an observational epidemiological analysis of oral HPV incidence in 3,137 men enrolled from the United States, Mexico and Brazil between 2005 and 2009. Individuals were followed for new HPV infection for a median of 57 months. Cumulative incidence and factors associated with acquisition were also assessed. The incidence rate of oral oncogenic HPV was 2.4 per 1,000 person-months, did not vary with age and was constant throughout the study period. Risk of oral HPV acquisition was significantly associated with alcohol consumption, having male sexual partners, more lifetime female sexual partners, more oral sex given and higher educational attainment. These data indicate that men are at risk of acquiring oral HPV throughout their lifetime, suggesting that catch-up vaccination may reduce new infection incidence.
Malignant glioma is a highly fatal central nervous system malignancy with high recurrence rates. Oncolytic viruses offer potential treatment but need improvement in efficacy and safety. Here we describe a phase I, dose-escalating, single arm trial (ChiCTR2000032402) to study the safety of Ad-TD-nsIL12, an oncolytic adenovirus expressing non-secreting interleukin-12, in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma that connects with the ventricular system. Eight patients received intratumoral treatment via stereotaxis or an Ommaya reservoir, with doses ranging from 5 × 109 to 5 × 1010vp. The primary end point was to determine the maximal tolerated dose. Secondary endpoints included toxicity and anti-tumour ability. Minimal adverse events were observed at doses of 5 × 109 and 1 × 1010vp. Grade 3 seizure was observed in two patients from Cohort 3 (5 × 1010vp). Therefore, the maximum tolerated dose was determined to be 1 × 1010vp. Four patients developed hydrocephalus during follow-up. Among them, symptoms in two patients were relieved after placement of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, and the other two only showed ventriculomegaly on MRI scan without neurological deterioration. Complete response (according to Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Criteria) in one patient, a partial response in one patient and post-treatment infiltrations of CD4+ and CD8 + T cells into the tumour were documented during this trial. In conclusion, Ad-TD-nsIL12 has demonstrated safety and preliminary efficacy in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma.
The standard of care includes nutrition and health services provided to all pregnant women and mothers of children under-2 as provided by the GoB and their supporting partners. Services that should be provided include clinic-level infant and young child feeding (IYCF) counseling, growth monitoring and promotion, immunization, iron and folic acid distribution for pregnant women, ANC, safe delivery at community and referral for complications, vitamin-A supplements for postpartum women and children, deworming and management of common childhood illness.
A system, method and medium for creating an automated shopping and nutrition performance scorecard are discussed. A mobile computing device receives a list of grocery items and supplementary items selected by a user which are transmitted to a nutritional analysis module. The nutritional analysis module retrieves nutritional content information for each item in the list of grocery items and the supplementary items. The nutritional content information is aggregated based on categories. The aggregated categories are transmitted to the mobile computing device and displayed on a graphical user interface. An indication representative of a deviance from a recommended value is displayed for each aggregated category. The GUI provides the user with grocery item recommendations to lower excessive aggregated categories and raise deficient aggregated categories.
Participants received bortezomib (Velcade) 1.3 mg/m\^2 administered as a bolus IV injection on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11, and melphalan 9 mg/m\^2 orally on Days 1-4 every other cycle and prednisone 60 mg/m\^2 orally on Days 1-4 every other cycle for eight 21-day treatment cycles (Induction). Participants then received bortezomib 1.6 mg/\^2 IV on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22 for five 35-day cycles (Maintenance).
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of the blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio for in-hospital and out-of-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.
METHODS: Data were obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC III) database, and all eligible participants were categorized into two groups based on the BAR cutoff value. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between BAR and in-hospital mortality. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive performance of BAR. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to control confounding factors between the low and high BAR groups.
RESULTS: A total of 589 critically ill patients with diabetic ketoacidosis were enrolled. Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis with a higher BAR level were associated with higher in- and out-hospital mortality (all p<0.001). A significant 4-year survival difference was observed between the low and high BAR groups (p<0.0001). After PSM analysis, two PSM groups (202 pairs, n=404) were generated, and similar results were observed in the K-M curve (p<0.0001).
DISCUSSION: Elevated BAR levels were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, and BAR could serve as an independent prognostic factor in in-hospital and out-of-hospital mortality for patients diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis.