anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D 3(cholecalciferol). The natural or endogenous supply of vitamin D in man mainly depends on ultraviolet light for conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D 3in the skin. Vitamin D 3must be metabolically activated in the liver and the kidney before it is fully active on its target tissues. The initial transformation is catalyzed by a vitamin D 3-25-hydroxylase enzyme present in the liver, and the product of this reaction is 25-(OH)D 3(calcifediol). The latter undergoes hydroxylation in the mitochondria of kidney tissue, and this reaction is activated by the renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3-1-α-hydroxylase to produce 1,25-(OH) 2D 3(calcitriol), the active form of vitamin D 3.   
  
The known sites of action of calcitriol are intestine, bone, kidney and parathyroid gland. Calcitriol is the most active known form of vitamin D3 in stimulating intestinal calcium transport. In acutely uremic rats, calcitriol has been shown to stimulate intestinal calcium absorption. In bone, calcitriol, in conjunction with parathyroid hormone, stimulates resorption of calcium; and in the kidney, calcitriol increases the tubular reabsorption of calcium. In vitroand in vivostudies have shown that calcitriol directly suppresses secretion and synthesis of PTH. A vitamin D-resistant state may exist in uremic patients because of the failure of the kidney to adequately convert precursors to the active compound, calcitriol. Calcitriol when administered by bolus injection is rapidly available in the blood stream. Vitamin D metabolites are known to be transported in blood, bound to specific plasma proteins. The pharmacologic activity of an administered dose of calcitriol is about 3 to 5 days. Two metabolic pathways for calcitriol have been identified, conversion to 1,24,25-(OH) 3D 3and to calcitroic acid.
A subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is caused by the high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV), which expresses p16INK4a immunoreactivity. Dual-color immunofluorescence (IF) analysis of TP53 binding protein-1 (53BP1) and a proliferative indicator, Ki-67, to elucidate genomic instability (GIN) in tumor tissues revealed that abnormal 53BP1 expression is closely associated with carcinogenesis in diverse organs. We have previously demonstrated that the number of 53BP1 nuclear foci (NF) in cervical cells increases with cancer progression. The distribution of 53BP1 NF was similar to that of punctate HPV signals, as determined by in situ hybridization, and the pattern of p16INK4a overexpression. The present study aimed to confirm the type of 53BP1 expression using dual-color IF as an indicator of GIN in oropharyngeal squamous epithelial lesions, including HPV-dependent and -independent OPSCC. This study identified significant differences in the nuclear expression of 53BP1 between benign oropharyngeal epithelial lesions and OPSCC, and between HPV-dependent and HPV-independent OPSCC. We concluded that the incidence of abnormal 53BP1 expression in OPSCC is significantly associated with stage classification and overall survival. Therefore, double IF analysis of 53BP1 and Ki-67 expression may be a useful tool for estimating the malignant potential and prognosis of OPSCC.
Participants will be given anti-D in an outpatient setting. Participants will be observed for any adverse effects for 1 hour postinfusion. Some participants may require additional doses of anti-D later in the study, depending on individual response to the drug; participants may receive 1 to 6 doses of anti-D.
Participants report for their first dosing night where they receive several alcohol drinks. After a wash out period of 1 week they then return and receive several placebo drinks. Participants sleep at the study site, are monitored overnight, and the next morning are awakened and escorted to the performance trials.
Participants in the intervention group will participate in an intensive education program delivered by a multi-disciplinary group of educators, researchers, and clinicians with expertise in tobacco control and tobacco dependence treatment. The program will be delivered over 4 days (run over 2 weekends) with an average of eight contact hours per day (a total of 32 contact hours) at Qatar University.
Japanese participants will receive Teclistamab subcutaneously (SC) at four dose levels. Cohort 1 will receive Teclistamab at Dose 1 and 2 (step-up doses) prior to first treatment dose on Day 1 followed by Dose 3 weekly (that is, on Days 1,8, and 15 of a 21-day cycle). Cohort 2 will receive Teclistamab at Dose 1 and 4 (step up doses) prior to first treatment dose on Day 1 followed by Dose 5 weekly. Cohort 3 will receive Teclistamab at Dose 1, 4, and 5 (step up doses) prior to first treatment dose on Day 1 followed by Dose 6 weekly. Cohort 4 will receive Teclistamab at Dose 1, 4, and 5 (step up doses) prior to first treatment dose on Day 1 followed by Dose 7 weekly for (2 cycles), then biweekly (cycle 3 to 6) on Days 1 and 15 and monthly (cycle 7) on Day 1 of 1 28-day cycle. In Phase 2 , participants will receive Teclistamab SC at Dose 1 and 4 (step up doses) up to 8 days prior to first treatment dose on Day 1 followed by Dose 5 on Days 1,8,15, and 22 of a 28-day cycle.
Despite advances in kidney transplantation, acute rejection (AR) is one of the primary risk factors for allograft kidney injury and function deterioration, and may have a significant impact on long-term graft survival, particularly in paediatric renal transplant patients. Against the background of the limited availability of kidney donor organs, the early recognition of AR is of particular interest to improve long-term allograft survival. Renal allograft biopsy remains the current gold standard for the diagnosis of kidney transplant rejection. However, it is an invasive procedure associated with the risk of bleeding, infection of the renal allograft, arterio-venous fistula, introducing sampling error, and a large inter-observer variation. Therefore, urinary biomarkers from minimally invasive compartments would be helpful for the early detection of clinical rejection before graft functional decline occurs. The current standard monitoring of the renal transplant function includes measurements of serum-creatinine (SCr) levels, estimatedglomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and proteinuria. These markers exhibit a lack of sensitivity and specificity and are late indicators for molecular and cellular events following AR. Furthermore, conditions other than AR (viral and bacterial infection, calcineurin nephrotoxicity, acute ischemic injury) resemble similar morphological features within the renal allograft challenging detection and differentiation of the underlying process. Early treatment of AR could lead to diminished histological injury and improved functional outcome. An intensified immunosuppression management represents the main strategy to counteract the uncontrolled attack of the recipient´s immune system against the renal allograft.

Not surprisingly, many attempts have been made to develop new biomarkers to improve the precision and accuracy in detecting AR for optimizing immunosuppression management. Because allograft reactive cells can gain access to the urinary space, urine represents an appropriate biospecimen to investigate allograft injury. The study urinary biomarkers have been partially discovered and characterized in the past for detection of acute kidney injury (AKI), rarely in renal transplant patients.

This study aims to test and validate the panel of study urinary biomarker to assess whether (1) reference values differ between paediatric renal transplant patients, patients with chronic kidney disease stage IV and V (CKD IV-V) and children without any disease, (2) characteristic changes in concentration profile may be observed after event-specific injury, (3) differences between paediatric renal transplant patients with AR and other causes of AKI can be detected, and (4) stratification of renal transplant patients to different histological types of AR is possible.
This will be a short-term longitudinal study of 4 weeks of duration. Twenty (20) healthy male subjects will be recruited and treated with lithium carbonate for 4 weeks. Lithium carbonate (150 mg, 300 mg, 600 mg) will be administered to the recruited subjects. The study will be performed in one centre at Capital District Health Authority - Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Lithium serum levels will be tested at day 8, at day 14 and at the end of the treatment. Additional tests may be performed as necessary (as in the case of side effects).
Patients will be given a fluid maintenance rate of 1.5 ml/kg/h. To determine fluid responsiveness, the carotid artery peak velocity variation (ΔVPeak-CA) will be measured before, during, and after the procedure. If the ΔVPeak-CA goes above 15%, the patient will receive a fluid bolus of lactated ringer solution at a rate of 4-6 ml/kg over 10-15 minutes, and the team will re-measure fluid responsiveness 10 minutes after each ΔVPeaK-CA.
Sarcopenia, defined as age-associated loss of skeletal muscle function and muscle mass, is a negative prognostic marker for survival in several tumor entities. However, data evaluating the impact of sarcopenia and fat distribution on penile cancer are rarely described. We performed a retrospective study including 38 patients who were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. By measuring skeletal muscle mass and fat distribution at axial abdominal computed tomography images at the third lumbar vertebra several body composition parameters including skeletal muscle index (SMI), psoas muscle index (PMI), visceral obesity and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio were determined. Among 38 patients, 26% (n = 10) of the patients with penile cancer were identified as sarcopenic. SMI, age, lymph node metastases, distant metastases and penile cancer of the shaft were identified as significant risk factors for overall survival. PMI and distant metastases were significantly associated with cancer specific survival. None of the analysed adipose tissue parameters could be identified as risk factors for survival in this study. We showed that sarcopenia occurs in a relevant part of patients with penile cancer and is a significant risk factor for overall survival (p = 0.032) and cancer specific survival (p = 0.034) for patients with penile cancer. Regarding fat distribution further studies are needed to evaluate its impact on sarcopenia and survival.
PURPOSE:To obtain a body fat accumulation inhibitor and a body fat reducing agent capable of preventing health disorder such as obesity, hypertension and hyperlipemia, comprising D-xylose and/or L-arabinose as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION:This body fat accumulation inhibitor is prepared by using powder, liquid, crystal or granule of D-xylose and/or L-arabinose as it is or diluting it with a liquid carrier (e.g. water or ethanol), a solid carrier (e.g. starch), etc. In the case of blending D-xylose with L-arabinose and using the mixture, the blending ratio is 50:50 to 99:1. A dose is >=0.01-g/kg calculated as D-xylose and/or L-arabinose. The inhibitor can be added to an ordinary food and used. Accumulation of body fat, especially offal fat is suppressed and reducing effect on offal fat becomes marvelous by using D-xylose and/or L-arabinose as the body fat (subcutaneous fat and offal fat) accumulation inhibitor and a body fat reducing agent.
OBJECTIVE: Obesity presents an enduring and multifaceted dilemma that impacts individuals, society, economies, and healthcare systems alike. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, including liraglutide and semaglutide, have received FDA approval for obesity treatment. This study aims to present a cost-effectiveness analysis to compare the cost and clinical outcomes of semaglutide vs. liraglutide on weight loss in people with overweight and obesity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted to compare the cost and the clinical outcomes of adding weekly 2.4 mg SC semaglutide vs. daily 3.0 mg SC liraglutide or placebo to physical activity and diet control in overweight and obese patients. A clinical outcome of achieving ≥15% weight loss was chosen. A simple decision analysis model from a third-payer perspective was applied. Drug costs were based on the retail price of the USA market. One-way sensitivity analyses were performed.
RESULTS: Results showed that 2.4 mg weekly semaglutide, when added to physical activity and diet control, was the most cost-effective choice in terms of ≥15% weight loss (ICER: $ 7,056/patient/68 weeks). The model was robust against the 50% increase in the unit cost of semaglutide and the 50% decrease in the unit cost of liraglutide, as well as the changes in probabilities by the corresponding 95% confidence intervals across the model.
CONCLUSIONS: This cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that employing once-weekly 2.4 mg semaglutide emerges as a remarkably cost-effective option when contrasted with once-daily 3.0 mg liraglutide in patients with overweight and obesity when added to physical activity and diet control.
Edema as an adverse drug reaction is a commonly underestimated yet potentially debilitating condition. This study analyzes the incidence of severe psychotropic drug-induced edema (e.g., edema affecting the face, legs, or multiple body parts and lasting for more than 1 week, or in any case necessitating subsequent diuretic use) among psychiatric inpatients. The cases under examination are derived from an observational pharmacovigilance program conducted in German-speaking countries ("Arzneimittelsicherheit in der Psychiatrie", AMSP) from 1993 to 2016. Among the 462,661 inpatients monitored, severe edema was reported in 231 cases, resulting in an incidence of 0.05%. Edema occurred more frequently in women (80% of all cases) and older patients (mean age 51.8 years). Pregabalin had the highest incidence of severe edema, affecting 1.46‰ of patients treated with pregabalin, followed by mirtazapine (0.8‰). The majority of edema cases showed a positive response to appropriate countermeasures, such as dose reduction and drug discontinuation, and resolved by the end of the observation period. While most instances of drug-induced edema are reversible, they can have a significant impact on patient well-being and potentially result in decreased treatment adherence. It is, therefore, crucial to remain vigilant regarding risk-increasing circumstances during treatment with psychotropic drugs.
Perform surgery based on the principle of Total Mesorectal Excision (TME), without denuding the root of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA) and without dissection of the No.253 lymph node. Ligation of the IMA is performed at a low position distal to the origin of the left colonic artery.
PURPOSE:To obtain the titled composition for enabling smooth insertion or maintenance of an object into vagina in cotius or in the insertion of a sanitary good, by using mucin, hyaluronic acid, dextran and an aqueous medium as essential components. CONSTITUTION:The objective composition can be produced by compounding (A) 0.6-5wt.% mucin, (B) 0.02-2% hyaluronic acid, (C) 0.2-5% dextran, (D) 1-95% aqueous medium and, if necessary, (E) 1-35% glycerol and/or sorbitol (to prevent drying of the composition) and (F) 0.1-0.5% metal salts (as an isotonic agent). It can be applied in the form of paste or gel by compounding with 0.05-3% pasting agent or gelling agent (e.g. xanthan gum or cellulose derivative) or a foamy spray by compounding 10-30pts.wt. of a frothing agent and foaming agent to 70-90pts.wt. of an aqueous solution composed of 0.3-5% component A and the above ratios of the components B-F.
In this group, you will be given 5 times the amount of opioid medication you needed on your last day in the hospital. You would then use this supply plus standard non-narcotic pain medications.
FIELD: biotechnology; medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention discloses novel Z3 trypsin isoforms, a method for preparing them and their use in treating diseases caused by picornaviruses. Isolated cod-shaped isoform of ZT trypsin of Atlantic cod contains an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 1 or in accordance with any of SEQ ID NO: 2–5. Medical composition based on the new isotype ZT trypsin has antiviral activity on picornaviruses. Composition is suitable for treating or preventing upper respiratory tract diseases caused by picornaviruses, e.g. rhinoviruses. Method of producing ZT trypsin isoforms of Atlantic cod involves preparation of an aqueous extract of Atlantic cod entrails, a step for affinity chromatography with p-aminobenzamidine, desorbing and elution of ZT trypsin isoforms related to p-aminobenzamidine. Trypsin ZT is much better adapted for cleavage of peptides, containing several successive positively charged residues (arginine or lysine) as compared to trypsin I.EFFECT: new ZT trypsin isoforms are effective as antiviral agents.17 cl, 5 dwg, 4 tbl, 6 ex
This group will perform the breath stacking technique in addiction with EMT. It will change the one-way valve in this group to VUP (Lumiar, Sao Paulo, Brazil) one-way valve, which allows the patients blow out the air with a counter resistance during all expiratory phase. The initial expiratory pressure will be 8 cmH2O, and could be changed at each visit according to participants' tolerance (either report easy or difficult to exhale assessed by research coordinators. The participants are encouraged to blow out the most slowly that they can do it.
The invention relates to medical equipment and telemedicine healthcare. The objective is to improve efficiency and to extend the scope of application of the system and the method for mass remote cardiac monitoring. The system (Fig. 1) includes workstations (40) of the medical center expert operators (41) connected via an Internet web server (38), and cardio recorders (1) connected to the server using mobile communication means (42) and fitted on examinees (43); they are provided with two electrodes located on face panels of the cardio recorders and connected to electronic units located inside the cardio recorders and comprising a Bluetooth communication module. The method is implemented using of the above-described system, electrocardiograms of the examinees being also read out by their observers (45) and specialists from other organizations. Embodiments of the system and the method with extended functional capacities are also described. For this purpose, the cardio recorder and workstations of the system are equipped with necessary additional elements, and the method includes additional ordered actions.
DOSAGE MUST BE INDIVIDUALIZED AND MONITORED DURING UP-TITRATION. Treatment with Carvedilol Phosphate extended-release capsules may be started as an inpatient or outpatient and should be started after the patient is hemodynamically stable and fluid retention has been minimized. It is recommended that Carvedilol Phosphate extended-release capsules be started at 20 mg once daily and increased after 3 to 10 days, based on tolerability, to 40 mg once daily, then again to the target dose of 80 mg once daily. A lower starting dose may be used (10 mg once daily) and/or the rate of up-titration may be slowed if clinically indicated (e.g., due to low blood pressure or heart rate, or fluid retention). Patients should be maintained on lower doses if higher doses are not tolerated. The recommended dosing regimen need not be altered in patients who received treatment with an IV or oral β-blocker during the acute phase of the myocardial infarction.
BACKGROUND: Many anti-seizure medications (ASMs) trigger neuronal cell death when administered during a confined period of early life in rodents. Prototypical ASMs used to treat early-life seizures such as phenobarbital induce this effect, whereas levetiracetam does not. However, most prior studies have examined the effect of ASMs in naïve animals, and the degree to which underlying brain injury interacts with these drugs to modify cell death is poorly studied. Moreover, the degree to which drug-induced neuronal cell death differs as a function of sex is unknown.
METHODS: We treated postnatal day 7 Sprague Dawley rat pups with vehicle, phenobarbital (75 mg/kg) or levetiracetam (200 mg/kg). Separate groups of pups were pre-exposed to either normoxia or graded global hypoxia. Separate groups of males and females were used. Twenty-four hours after drug treatment, brains were collected and processed for markers of cell death.
RESULTS: Consistent with prior studies, phenobarbital, but not levetiracetam, increased cell death in cortical regions, basal ganglia, hippocampus, septum, and lateral thalamus. Hypoxia did not modify basal levels of cell death. Females - collapsed across treatment and hypoxia status, displayed a small but significant increase in cell death as compared to males in the cingulate cortex, somatosensory cortex, and the CA1 and CA3 hippocampus; these effects were not modulated by hypoxia or drug treatment.
CONCLUSION: We found that a history of graded global hypoxia does not alter the neurotoxic profile of phenobarbital. Levetiracetam, which does not induce cell death in normal developing animals, maintained a benign profile on the background of neonatal hypoxia. We found a sex-based difference, as female animals showed elevated levels of cell death across all treatment conditions. Together, these data address several long-standing gaps in our understanding of the neurotoxic profile of antiseizure medications during early postnatal development.
The present invention relates to a salt-sensitive particle capable of improving the effect feeling of an oil agent blended in a cleaning material or the like when used, a method for producing the same, and the like. The present invention provides the following [1] to [4]. [1] A salt-sensitive particle comprising an oil having a solubility of less than 1g in 100g of water, and an acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol, wherein the oil is dispersed in the salt-sensitive particle. [2] A cleaning material comprising the salt-sensitive particle according to [1 ]. [3] A method of washing skin, hair or clothes by using the washing material according to [2 ]. [4] A method for producing the salt-sensitive particle according to [1], comprising: a step of preparing an emulsion composition comprising an oil having a solubility of less than 1g in 100g of water and an acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol, and a step of removing water from the emulsion composition.
PURPOSE:A solid solution composition, consisting of a substance FR-900506 and a water-soluble polymer and capable of exhibiting pharmacological activity in the body for a long time. CONSTITUTION:A solid solution composition obtained by dissolving a substance 900050 and a water-soluble polymer, e.g. hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, etc., at 1:0.1-1:20, most preferably 1:1 weight ratio, initially the compound expressed by the formula in an organic solvent, adding the water-soluble polymer to the resultant solution and, as necessary, suspending an additive to the obtained suspension or solution and distilling away the organic solvent. An alcohol, e.g. methanol, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, etc., may be used as the above- mentioned organic solvent. An excipient, e.g. lactose, etc., disintegrating agent, e.g. microcrystalline cellulose, etc., may be cited as the additive. The dosage form is powder, tablet, capsule, injection, etc. EFFECT:Solubility and absorptivity of the active ingredient are remarkably improved.