anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. 

In randomized, placebo-controlled trials, 184 patients with ALS were administered edaravone injection 60 mg in treatment cycles for 6 months. The population consisted of Japanese patients who had a median age of 60 years (range 29-75) and were 59% male. Most (93%) of these patients were living independently at the time of screening. 

Most Common Adverse Reactions Observed During Clinical Studies

Table 2 lists the adverse reactions that occurred in ≥2% of patients in the edaravone injection-treated group and that occurred at least 2% more frequently than in the placebo-treated group in randomized placebo-controlled ALS trials. The most common adverse reactions that occurred in ≥10% of edaravone injection-treated patients were contusion, gait disturbance, and headache.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is at onset an immune-mediated demyelinating disease. In most cases, it starts as a relapsing-remitting disease with distinct attacks and no symptoms between flares. Over years or decades, virtually all cases transition into a progressive disease in which insidious and slow neurologic deterioration occurs with or without acute flares. Relapsing-remitting disease is often responsive to immune suppressive or modulating therapies, while immune based therapies are generally ineffective in patients with a progressive clinical course. This clinical course and response to immune suppression, as well as neuropathology and neuroimaging studies, suggest that disease progression is associated with axonal atrophy. Disability correlates better with measures of axonal atrophy than immune mediated demyelination. Therefore, immune based therapies, in order to be effective, need to be started early in the disease course while MS is predominantly an immune-mediated and inflammatory disease. While current immune based therapies delay disability, no intervention has been proven to prevent progressive disability.The investigators propose a randomized study of autologous unmanipulated peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) comparing two different conditioning regimens: (1) cyclophosphamide and rabbit anti-thymoglobulin (rATG) versus (2) cyclophosphamide, rATG, and Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg).
As patients going through cancer therapy live longer, they are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Hence the evolving field of Cardio-Oncology has garnered much attention and importance. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become an essential component of cancer therapy, significantly improving patient outcomes that were previously considered palliative, e.g. metastatic melanoma, renal cell or lung cancer, and these therapies have improved survival.

With ICI therapy and especially with combination therapy, patients may develop severe ICI-related adverse events, e.g. myocarditis (1-5%) which is fatal in 30-50% of the patients. Another more significant subgroup of patients will develop non-inflammatory cardiomyopathy or other major cardiac events like cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest etc. There is also evidence that during ICI treatment atherosclerotic disease may progress. Identifying patients at risk for both remains a major challenge and is a knowledge gap in Cardio-Oncology.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a unique, highly reproducible, multiparametric method for non-invasive myocardial tissue characterization for diagnosing myocardial inflammation. Biomarkers like quantitative cardiac relaxometry (T1/T2-Mapping) with extracellular volume fraction (ECV), delayed gadolinium enhancement (LGE) or myocardial strain show insights into myocardial tissue composition. These biomarkers have the potential to identify early myocardial changes before the risk of clinical myocarditis or non-inflammatory cardiomyopathy occurs and may therefore help identify early myocardial tissue changes during ICI treatment and help identify patients at risk early on. Also, CMR can assess the aorta with high temporal and spatial resolution to identify atherosclerotic changes.

Only a few retrospective studies and case reports with small numbers of patients have investigated ICI-related cardiac events during treatment. Evidence shows that many patients present with heart failure (\~80%), but troponin is only elevated in \~45%. This indicates that ICI-associated left ventricular (LV) dysfunction may exist without troponin elevation. Other data suggests that the ICI-associated myocardial tissue inflammation pattern might differ from viral myocarditis. The myocardial T1/T2 relaxation times may be elevated during ICI-associated myocardial inflammation. There is also evidence that strain changes are associated with adverse events within 30 days of treatment. However, all these studies demonstrate CMR findings when patients have already developed LV dysfunction or myocarditis. The proposed project would be the first prospective study to get deeper insights into serial, systematic ICI-associated myocardial tissue changes during treatment and their correlation with serum biomarkers and clinical symptoms.
Pediatric diffuse midline gliomas (pDMG) are an aggressive type of childhood cancer with a fatal outcome. Their major epigenetic determinism has become clear, notably with the identification of K27M mutations in histone H3. However, the synergistic oncogenic mechanisms that induce and maintain tumor cell phenotype have yet to be deciphered. In 20 to 30% of cases, these tumors have an altered BMP signaling pathway with an oncogenic mutation on the BMP type I receptor ALK2, encoded by ACVR1. However, the potential impact of the BMP pathway in tumors non-mutated for ACVR1 is less clear. By integrating bulk, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomic data, we show here that the BMP signaling pathway is activated at similar levels between ACVR1 wild-type and mutant tumors and identify BMP2 and BMP7 as putative activators of the pathway in a specific subpopulation of cells. By using both pediatric isogenic glioma lines genetically modified to overexpress H3.3K27M and patients-derived DIPG cell lines, we demonstrate that BMP2/7 synergizes with H3.3K27M to induce a transcriptomic rewiring associated with a quiescent but invasive cell state. These data suggest a generic oncogenic role for the BMP pathway in gliomagenesis of pDMG and pave the way for specific targeting of downstream effectors mediating the K27M/BMP crosstalk.
Computer-based visual and auditory stimulation training programs developed by Posit Science corporation. Participants perform assigned mental activity on computers in their homes for 60 minutes/day, 3 days/week for 12 weeks.
Lymph node metastasis contributed to the leading cause and treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The microenvironment and the cellular communications of lymph node metastasized tumours determine the tumour progression and therapeutic effect, but the ecosystems about the lymph node metastasis (LNM) for NPC patients remain poorly characterized. Here, we integrated the transcriptomes of 47,618 single cells from eight samples related to NPC LNM. The dynamic immune ecosystems and immunosuppressive microenvironment including T cells, myeloid cells and B cells were observed in the lymph node metastatic samples compared with primary tumours. Additionally, the heterogeneity of epithelial cells was also revealed, and several clusters with expression programs that were associated with the progression-free survival of NPC patients were identified. Additionally, our data revealed the complex intercellular communications from primary to lymph node metastasis. The rewiring of CCL signalling which plays an important role in tumour metastasis was further identified. Altogether, we systematically characterized the ecosystem of NPC primary and lymph node metastasized tumours, which may shed light on the development of a therapeutic strategy to improve clinical outcomes of NPC patients with lymph node metastasis.
The FDA is planning regulatory actions to limit nicotine levels in cigarettes as far as it is not reduced to zero. The strategy is designed to reduce the addictiveness of cigarettes. However, nicotine related effects of the cigarettes with reduced nicotine content on various body systems are largely unknown. Following formal implementation of the regulatory policy what cardiovascular effects of reduced nicotine cigarettes, also called very low nicotine content cigarettes (VLNCC) are expected to persist is important to determine. This study will determine the cardiovascular effects of VLNCC such as change in heart rate, autonomic functions and indices of ventricular repolarization in smokers. Participants will be asked to smoke two VLNCC and one normal nicotine content cigarette (NNCC) while we will be recording their electrocardiogram (ECG) to see a change in heart rate, heart rate variability and indices of ventricular repolarization.
A combination therapy treatment for cancer is disclosed using an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt pathway and roscovitine. It is shown that combinations of roscovitine with API-2 or LY294002 induce apoptosis of androgen-dependeπt (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC3) prostate cancer cells. Cells that respond to roscovitine alone (LNCaP) initiate apoptosis sooner when co-treated. Cells that do not respond to roscovitine alone (PC3) apoptose when co-treated, although with delayed kinetics. Without roscovitine, AKT inhibitors had no effect on LNCaP or PC3 survival, while combined treatment activated the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Normal epithelial cells (RPWE) remained viable in the presence of roscovitine and AKT inhibitors. Events elicited by roscovitine (down-regulation of XlAP) and AKT inhibitors (accumulation of Bim) in LNCaP and PC3 cells are identified. PC3 cells treated with AKT inhibitors and depleted of either XlAP or Cdk9 apoptose. These results suggest improved treatments for cancers through the combination therapies taught herein.
PURPOSE:To obtain a composition for oral cavity application in which bitter taste characteristic to sodium sulfate is sufficiently removed by the synergic effect of glycyrrhizinate and sodium sulfate and which has excellent aftertaste and usability by compounding a composition for oral cavity application containing sodium sulfate with a glycyrrhizinate. CONSTITUTION:This composition for oral cavity application is obtained by compounding sodium sulfate with a glycyrrhizinate (e.g. disodium glycyrrhizinate, dipotasium glycyrrhizinate and monoammonium glycyrrhizinate). Compounding ratios of the sodium sulfate and the glycyrrhizinate in the composition are preferably 0.1-2wt.% and about 0.01-0.2wt.% respectively. This composition is preferably compounded with an abrasive, especially a silica abrasive. By compounding these three components, greater improving effect against the bitter taste is obtained. The compounding ratio of the abrasive is preferably about 10-25wt.%.
Sterile needles are inserted into acupuncture points P-6 and St-36 bilaterally and retained for a total of 20 minutes. Halfway through the treatment, the needles are manipulated in order to re-create the acupuncture sensation. The needles are removed after 20 minutes of treatment prior to the second gag measurement.
Psoriasis participants will be given Secukinumab for a total of 4 months. This is a 300mg subcutaneous injection that will occur at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12.
In the Randomized Trial, youth participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio with their caregivers to one of two study arms. One arm is the TI-CBT intervention arm consisting of: six 2-hour TI-CBT group sessions lead by Indigenous Youth Leaders (IYL) during weeks 1 - 6 and one 2-hour booster group session at 6-months. The caregivers (willing to participate with youth permission) for youth who are enrolled into the TI-CBT arm will be enrolled onto the same arm, and receive two 2-hour group sessions led by adult study staff during weeks 1-6 and one 2-hour booster group session at 6-months. The youth and caregiver sessions are held separately.
The invention belongs to the field of Chinese medicaments, in particular to the field of externally used Chinese medicaments for treating rheumatism. An application mixture for treating the rheumatismcomprises the following Chinese medicinal components by mass: 200 to 400g of garden balsam stem, 100 to 300g of largeleaf gentian root and 100 to 300g of erythrina indica lam. The Chinese medicamentsare mixed uniformly and then packaged. When used, the application mixture is put in a boiler to be steamed; the application mixture is steamed continuously for half an hour after steam emerges; thena medicament bag is taken out, cooled, and applied on affected parts; and the application mixture takes effect within 30 to 60 minutes. The application mixture is applied for one week continuously, and then the application mixture is applied once every two days and applied for seven times for recovery. The application mixture has the effects of expelling wind and removing dampness, and dispellingcold and freeing channels, is used for treating rheumatic arthritis and can also be used for treating erythema, soft tissue inflammation and the like of the rheumatism. Compared with the prior art, the effects of the application mixtures are similar to those of chloroquine cortisone, and are better than those of sodium salicylate.
BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a complex process leading to neuronal damage and death, with mitophagy implicated in its pathogenesis. However, the significance of mitophagy in CI/RI remains debated.
HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that TRIM25 reduces ATAD3A expression by ubiquitinating ATAD3A, promoting mitophagy via the PINK1/Parkin pathway, and aggravating CI/RI.
STUDY DESIGN: Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) in PC12 cells were used as animal and cell models, respectively.
METHODS: To evaluate the success of the CI/R modeling, TTC and HE staining were employed. The determination of serum biochemical indexes was carried out using relative assay kits. The Western Blot analysis was employed to assess the expression of ATAD3A, TRIM25, as well as mitophagy-related proteins (PINK1, Parkin, P62, and LC3II/LC3I). The mRNA levels were detected using QRT-PCR. Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed through JC-1 staining. Mitosox Red Assay Kit was utilized to measure mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels in PC12 cells. Additionally, characterization of the mitophagy structure was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
RESULTS: Our findings showed down-regulation of ATAD3A and up-regulation of TRIM25 in both in vivo and in vitro CI/RI models. Various experimental techniques such as Western Blot, JC-1 staining, Mitosox assay, Immunofluorescence assay, and TEM observation supported the occurrence of PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway-mediated mitophagy in both models. ATAD3A suppressed mitophagy, while TRIM25 promoted it during CI/RI injury. Additionally, the results indicated that TRIM25 interacted with and ubiquitinated ATAD3A via the proteasome pathway, affecting ATAD3A protein stability and expression.
CONCLUSION: TRIM25 promoted Pink1/Parkin-dependent excessive mitophagy by destabilizing ATAD3A, exacerbating CI/RI. Targeting TRIM25 and ATAD3A may offer therapeutic strategies for mitigating CI/RI and associated neurological damage.
In Part A, each patient will receive one course of two 1000 mg SAIT101 infusions: one on Day 1 and the second on Day 15. In Part B, patients with an inadequate response (\<50% improvement from Baseline in swollen and tender joint count at Week 24) will be eligible for a further course of two 1000 mg infusions of SAIT101 on Week 24 and Week 26.
Anthracyclines-treated tumor cells are particularly effective in eliciting an anti-cancer immune response, where the rDNA-damaging agents, such as etoposide and mitomycin C do not induce immunogenic cell death.  Anthracyclines induce the rapid, pre-apoptotic translocation of calreticulin (CRT) and/or ERP57 to the cell surface. Knock down of CRT and/or ERP57 suppressed the phagocytosis of anthracyclines-treated tumor cells by dendritic cells and abolished their immunogenicity in mammals, such as mice. The anthracyclines-induced CRT and/or ERP57 translocation was mimicked by inhibition of the protein phosphatase1/GADD34 complex.  Administration of recombinant calreticulin, and not recombinant ERP57, or inhibitors of protein phosphatase1/GADD34 restored the immunogenicity of cell death elicited by etoposide and mitomycin C, and enhanced their antitumor effects in vivo. These data identify calreticulin and/or ERP57 as a key feature determining anti-cancer immune responses and delineate a possible strategy for immunogenic chemotherapy. This invention demonstrates that calreticulin exposure dictates also sperm-egg fusion. This invention includes also the using of recombinant CRT and/or ERP57 or the inducers of the translocation of CRT and/or ERP57 protein to treat sterility.  The detection of the translocation of CRT and/or ERP57 is a good way to screen new immunogenic molecules and compounds.
The invention disclosed a method of separation and preparation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stem cell. The invention involved the use of mitogenic factor ---EGF and bFGF. The invention separated the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stem cell from peripheral nervous system and then induced them in vitro differentiation cultivating in the first time. This kind of cell have the distinct character of stem cell and would differentiate into big and little sensory neuron, satellite cells and xuewangshi cells. The study of the cells' orientation in vivo and activity after peripheral nervous system damnification indicate that DRG stem cells almost pitch around the mature ganglion cells, parts of cells enter the period of multiple fission after the damnification. On the other hand, the DRG stem cell may be preserved and resuscitate at   196 °C in vitro. After the resuscitation, the DRG stem cell still have the character of the stem cell. All above have provide the new way of mass-produce and preserving the stem cells, treating nerve cell defection, nerve system tumors and peripheral nervous system damnification, especially the nerve root avulsed wound induced by all kinds of congenital or acquired neurological diseases.
Novel CUR— and CUR—BF2 compounds as well as novel bis and mono-NSAID/CUR—BF2 and NSAID/CUR hybrids exhibiting anti-tumor properties are presented. CUR compounds bearing fluorinated moieties with selective fluorine introduction into the α-carbonyl moiety as well as CUR—BF2 adducts and CURs with diverse substitution patterns in the phenyl rings including fluorinated substituents (SCF3, OCF3, and F) and/or bulky activating groups (OMe, OAc, and OBz) are presented. Fluorinated aryl-pyrazoles and isoxazoles as well as novel CUR and CUR—BF2 compounds with monocyclic aromatic and bicyclic-heteroaromatic lateral rings, bearing fluorine(s), OCF3, CF3, and SCF3 groups, and their alpha-carbonyl-fluorinated analogs, as well as their pyrazole and isoxazole derivatives are presented. The CUR-pyrazoles embody analogs that are fluorinated at the phenyl-pyrazole moiety. The hybrids, compounds, and their derivatives exhibited exceptional cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activity against several cancer cell-lines. The hybrid NSAID/CUR compounds also exhibited exceptional anti-inflammatory activity over NSAID or curcumin alone.
Disclosed in the present invention are a memantine paroxetine eutectic salt, a preparation method therefor, a pharmaceutical composition and use thereof. The eutectic salt of the present invention is a memantine paroxetine sulfate hydrate. The mechanism of action is being a 5-HT inhibitor and an NMDA receptor antagonist. The eutectic salt belongs to a multi-target drug. Preliminary pharmacokinetics experiments show that there are significant differences between the main pharmacokinetic parameters of the eutectic salt and memantine, such as t 1/2 , T max , C max  and AUC (0 ∞) . It is indicated that the eutectic salt can improve the absorption of drug, blood drug concentration, bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, and provide a substance basis for reducing the drug dose and poor drug response. Meanwhile, the eutectic salt of the present invention, in addition to being a multi-target drug, can also be combined with other drugs having different mechanisms of action to form a compound preparation or be used in combination with other drugs having different mechanisms of action to obtain an unexpected clinical effect.
PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the cost-utility of intraoperative tranexamic acid (TXA) in adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients undergoing long posterior (≥ 5 vertebral levels) spinal fusion.
METHODS: A decision-analysis model was built for a hypothetical 60-year-old adult patient with spinal deformity undergoing long posterior spinal fusion. A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to obtain event probabilities, costs and health utilities at each node. Health utilities were utilized to calculate Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). A base-case analysis was carried out to obtain the incremental cost and effectiveness of intraoperative TXA. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate uncertainty in our model and obtain mean incremental costs, effectiveness, and net monetary benefits. One-way sensitivity analyses were also performed to identify the variables with the most impact on our model.
RESULTS: Use of intraoperative TXA was the favored strategy in 88% of the iterations. The mean incremental utility ratio for using intraoperative TXA demonstrated higher benefit and lower cost while being lower than the willingness-to-pay threshold set at $50,000 per quality adjusted life years. Use of intraoperative TXA was associated with a mean incremental net monetary benefit (INMB) of $3743 (95% CI 3492-3995). One-way sensitivity analysis reported cost of blood transfusions due to post-operative anemia to be a major driver of cost-utility analysis.
CONCLUSION: Use of intraoperative TXAs is a cost-effective strategy to reduce overall perioperative costs related to post-operative blood transfusions. Administration of intraoperative TXA should be considered for long fusions in ASD population when not explicitly contra-indicated due to patient factors.
A removable medium recording station records medical image data in a format and removable medium that are widely accepted. The removable medium recording station can be used to effectively replace an installed storage device on an existing stand-alone medical image workstation. Storage onto removable media is transformed into an outboard operation. This transformation enables a hospital to migrate existing medical imaging systems to new formats and media without sacrificing a large portion of their initial investment. Additionally, the removable medium recording station can be attached as a peripheral on an existing medical modality network. In this capacity, the removable medium recording station enables an operator on the medical modality network to store medical images in a selected format and on a selected type of removable medium regardless of the proprietary format used by the enterprise level archive server. The removable medium recording station enables a hospital to add new functionality without sacrificing their investment in their enterprise solution.