anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE: The current standard of care for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC). Previous research has shown under-utilization of NAC for treatment of MIBC, especially among the elderly. Our aim was to stratify NAC use by decade of life and analyze trends in use over time along with recording pathologic downstaging and perioperative outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with cT2-4NanyM0 MIBC treated with RC from 2010 to 2016 with urothelial carcinoma. Nineteen thousand nine hundred fifty seven patients met criteria for analysis. We retrospectively analyzed trends in use of NAC, readmission rate, mortality rate, and pathologic downstaging with NAC all stratified by decade of life.
RESULTS: Of the 19,957 patients treated with RC for MIBC, only 30.9% underwent NAC. There was a statistically significant increase in NAC use across all age groups from 2010 to 2016. Receipt of NAC was associated with decreased age on univariate analysis (P < 0.001) and on logistic regression (OR: 0.617 for age 70-79, OR: 0.221 for age ≥80 vs. age <60; P < 0.001). Patients receiving NAC were more likely to exhibit pathologic downstaging at time of RC (OR: 3.907; P < 0.001), and this trend held for each age group examined. Among patients receiving NAC, the risk of 30 and 90-day mortality was associated with increasing age; however, age was not associated with 30-day readmission for those receiving NAC.
CONCLUSION: Rates of NAC use prior to RC have increased among all age groups with the lowest utilization rate among the elderly. NAC use was associated with greater pathologic downstaging in all age groups. These data show a promising trend in the uptake of the gold standard for treatment of MIBC; however, the underlying etiology of differing rates of NAC utilization remains to be determined.
PURPOSE: A composition containing Rh1 is provided to treat clinical symptom of atopic dermatitis. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for treating atopic dermatitis contains 0.1-50 wt% of Rh1 as an active ingredient. The pharmaceutical composition is manufactured in the form of powder, granule, tablet, capsule, suspension, emulsion, syrup, oral formulation of aerosol, external use formulation, suppository, or sterilized injection solution. The dose of the Rh1 compounds is 0.01-500 mg/kg. A food composition for preventing atopic dermatitis contains Rh1 as an active ingredient. The food composition is manufactured in the form of a drink, gum, tea, vitamin complex, and dietary supplements.
Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2), a core planar cell polarity component, plays an important role in polarized cellular and tissue morphology induction, growth development, and cancer. However, its role in regulating inflammatory responses remains elusive. Here, we report that Vangl2 is upregulated in patients with sepsis and identify Vangl2 as a negative regulator of The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling by regulating the protein stability and activation of the core transcription component p65. Mice with myeloid-specific deletion of Vangl2 (Vangl2ΔM) are hypersusceptible to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock. Vangl2-deficient myeloid cells exhibit enhanced phosphorylation and expression of p65, therefore, promoting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines after LPS stimulation. Mechanistically, NF-κB signaling-induced-Vangl2 recruits E3 ubiquitin ligase PDLIM2 to catalyze K63-linked ubiquitination on p65, which serves as a recognition signal for cargo receptor NDP52-mediated selective autophagic degradation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate Vangl2 as a suppressor of NF-κB-mediated inflammation and provide insights into the crosstalk between autophagy and inflammatory diseases.
Neuromuscular inhibitors have been quickly advanced from being used only for aesthetic purposes to being used as a treatment for musculoskeletal pain and muscle spasticity. This phenomenon stems from the diminished force exerted by muscles, which are essential for bone remodeling. In this context, it is hypothesized that botulinum toxin (BTX) might exert a direct influence on bone resorption. Although such treatments have the potential to provide patients with significant relief, bone loss occurring due to elective muscle paralysis has yet to be examined in clinical trials. The disuse model resulting from spinal cord injury, characterized by the absence of ground reaction and muscle forces, provides an ideal context for exploring the skeletal ramifications of intramuscular BTX injection. This approach enables an investigation into the intricate interplay between muscle and bone, encompassing the impact of spasticity on bone preservation, the potential positive and negative outcomes of BTX on bone metabolism, and the involvement of the autonomic nervous system in bone remodeling regulation. This paper presents a narrative review of research findings on the disturbance of the typical balance between muscles and bones caused by acute muscle paralysis from BTX, resulting in osteopenia and bone resorption.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new molecule for immuno-regulatory and enhancing actions.  <P>SOLUTION: An isolated peptide or polypeptide containing an amino acid sequence: VSIGLSFPMLP or its analog or derivative, wherein the peptide or polypeptide has a characteristic for enhancing an immuno-response against an antigen, when administered in a mammal. In an embodiment, the peptide or polypeptide has a length of 11 amino acid bases to 200 amino acid bases. In another embodiment, the peptide or polypeptide has a length of 11 amino acid bases to 20 amino acid bases. In the other embodiment, the peptide or polypeptide contains the amino acid sequence.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
The Nereu treatment program is an intensive family-based behavioural multi-component lifestyle intervention. Consist in an intensive treatment of 8 months duration (from October to May, that is, an academic year). The intervention is a multidisciplinary intervention consisting in 4 structured components: (a) physical activity training for children, (b) family theoretical and practical sessions for parents, (c) behaviour strategies, that involves both parental and child participation (d) weekend extra activities.
Patients receive sorafenib tosylate PO QD on days 1-71 and 85-155, epirubicin hydrochloride IV over 3-5 minutes, and ifosfamide IV over 90 minutes on days 15-17, 36-38 (ifosfamide only), 57-59, 99-101, 120-122, and 141-143. Patients undergo EBRT on days 36-45 and surgical resection on day 78. Patients with positive margins, undergo EBRT boost on days 91-98.
OBJECTIVE: Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a rare demyelinating disease that affects the pons and which can cause extreme disabilities such as locked-in syndrome (LIS) in the initial phase. The aim of the study was to describe the evolution over a 12-month period of two patients with CPM causing an initial LIS.
METHOD: We retrospectively report the unexpected clinical outcome of these two patients in relation with the anatomical damages documented by brain MRI, associated with diffusion tensor imaging and reconstruction of corticospinal tracts in tractography. The following clinical parameters systematically assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months: muscle testing on 12 key muscles (Medical Research Council), prehension metrics (box and block test and purdue pegboard), and independence for acts of daily living (functional independence measure).
RESULTS: Both patients showed a progressive recovery beginning between 2 and 3 months after the onset of symptoms, leading to almost complete autonomy at 12 months (FIM > 110), with motor strength greater than 4/5 in all joint segments (MRC > 50/60). On brain MRI with tractography, CST appeared partially preserved at pons level.
INTERPRETATION: The possibility of a near-complete functional recovery at 12 months is important to consider given the ethical issues at stake and the discussions about limiting care that may take place initially. It seems to be the consequence of reversible myelin damage combined with partially preserved neurons. Development of collateral pathways or resolution of conduction block may explain this recovery. MRI comprising DTI and tractography could play a key role in the prognosis of motor recovery.
Patients undergo F-18 FES PET/CT scan at baseline. Patients also undergo F-18 FES PET/CT and FDG PET/CT between 1-12 weeks after starting therapy, and then 1-12 weeks after the second FES PET/CT scan. Repeat FDG PET may be omitted in patients on selective estrogen receptor degrader.
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not only posed significant challenges to public health but has also impacted every aspect of society and the environment. In this study, we propose an index of notifiable disease outbreaks (NDOI) to assess the impact of COVID-19 on other notifiable diseases in Shanghai, China. Additionally, we identify the critical factors influencing these diseases using multivariate statistical analysis. We collected monthly data on 34 notifiable infectious diseases (NIDs) and corresponding environmental and socioeconomic factors (17 indicators) from January 2017 to December 2020. The results revealed that the total number of cases and NDOI of all notifiable diseases decreased by 47.1% and 52.6%, respectively, compared to the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to improved air quality as well as impacted the social economy and human life. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that population mobility, particulate matter (PM2.5), atmospheric pressure, and temperature were the primary factors influencing the spread of notifiable diseases. The NDOI is beneficial in establishing an early warning system for infectious disease epidemics at different scales. Furthermore, our findings also provide insight into the response mechanisms of notifiable diseases influenced by social and environmental factors.
BACKGROUND: The implementation of social innovations for addressing societal challenges, particularly in health, leverages community participation and technology to optimally meet social needs compared to traditional approaches. A key feature of these innovations is their ability to utilize existing capacities for contributing to resolving infectious disease outbreaks, which has attracted significant attention from health organizations. Given the potential of these innovations, this study has investigated social innovations in the prevention and control of infectious diseases as one of the major global challenges in the form of a comprehensive literature review.
METHODS: This review study examined the relevant literature from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2022. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 50 documents were retained and fully examined. The documents were analyzed by applying a thematic analysis, and important content related to the application of social innovations for the prevention and control of pandemic infectious diseases was extracted using a data collection form.
RESULTS: Five major themes concerning social innovation in the prevention and control of epidemic diseases were discerned as follows: new products, novel processes and policies, empowerment, innovative practices and behaviors, and community engagement. New products include technological products for control and management of epidemics, preventive products, diagnostic and therapeutic products. Novel processes and policies are related to reorienting and reorganizing care methods, control and monitoring policies, participatory and creative strategies. Empowerment is focused on enhancing the capabilities of health workers, community leaders, and communities. Innovative practices and behaviors involve technology-based participation and support mechanisms. Community engagement is related to awareness, consultation, community mobilization, and participation in production and support.
CONCLUSIONS: During the outbreak of infectious diseases, governments are faced with many challenges, including health, economic and social challenges. To answer these challenges, tools should be used that have the ability to answer the problem from several aspects. Social innovation as an appropriate process in response to health crises has led to new forms of relationships and empowered the communities. And to promote public health, it provides the opportunity for all members of the society to participate in crisis resolution and optimal use of resources.
Community-acquired pneumonia can lead to a serious complication called empyema, which refers to pus within the pleural space. While it poses a significant threat to morbidity, particularly in children, it is fortunately not associated with high mortality rates. However, determining the best course of management for children, including decisions regarding antibiotic selection, administration methods, and treatment duration, remains a topic of ongoing debate. This scoping review aims to map the existing literature on empyema in children, including types of studies, microbiology, therapies (both antimicrobial and surgical) and patient outcomes. We systematically searched PubMed and SCOPUS using the terms "pediatric" (encompassing children aged 0 to 18 years) and "pleural empyema" to identify all relevant studies published since 2000. This search adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA ScR) checklist.A total of 127 studies was included. Overall, 15 attempted to compare medical treatments (alone or in combination with pleural drainage or fibrinolysis) with more invasive surgical approaches, and six studies compared diverse surgical interventions. However, the diversity of study designs makes it difficult to derive firm conclusions on the optimal approach to pediatric empyema. The heterogeneity in inclusion criteria, pharmacological/surgical approaches and settings limit the ability to draw definitive conclusions. Overall, 78 out of 10,896 children (0.7%) included in the review died, with mortality being higher in Asia and Africa. Our scoping review highlights important gaps regarding several aspects of empyema in children, including specific serotypes of the most common bacteria involved in the etiology, the optimal pharmacological and surgical approach, and the potential benefits of newer antibiotics with optimal lung penetration. New trials, designed on a multi-country level a higher number of patients and more rigorous inclusion criteria and designs, should be urgently funded.
Psoriasis is a common skin disorder affecting up to an estimated 3% of the world's population. The most prevalent form of psoriasis, called psoriasis vulgaris or plaque psoriasis, is characterized by the presence of sharply demarcated erythematous plaques covered with white scales. These lesions can occur all over the body, but are most often seen on the extensor surface of the joints, nether regions and on the scalp. Patients can experience excessive itch, pain and sometimes bleeding of the lesions. Moreover, the visual appearance of psoriatic lesions can severely impact the patients psychological state and quality of life. An abundancy of different factors contributes to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, aberrant inflammatory reactions in the skin are thought to be the underlying cause. Excessive infiltration of immune cells in the skin and their interactions with cutaneous resident cells results in the hyper proliferation of keratinocytes and subsequent thickening of the epidermis. Indeed, more and more immunosuppressive biologicals targeting specific components of the immune system, like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL-)17 and IL-23, have shown excellent efficacy in treating psoriasis Plaque psoriasis may be an ideal model disease to explore potential therapeutic effects of immunosuppressive agents, given the easy accessibility of inflammatory lesions and the good willingness of patients to participate in clinical studies. In this study, the applicability of a systems dermatology approach is investigated in order to better assess the efficacy of psoriasis treatments at an early clinical stage. Up to this point, the clinical manifestation and regression of psoriasis is not yet sufficiently characterized with a multimodal state-of-the-art evaluation tool. The in-house developed 'DermaToolbox' enables the determination and subsequent integration of different disease-related biomarkers, including clinical, biophysical, molecular, cellular, and imaging markers as well as patient-reported outcomes
Objective: Determine the association between periodontal disease (PD) and obesity through an umbrella review. Materials and Methods: A search for information until March 2024 was carried out in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane library, Scopus, SciELO, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, and OpenGrey. We included studies that were systematic reviews (SR) with or without meta-analysis, without time or language restrictions, that evaluated primary studies that associated PD with obesity. Literary or narrative reviews, rapid reviews, intervention studies, observational studies, preclinical and basic research, summaries, comments, case reports, protocols, personal opinions, letters, and posters were excluded. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used to determine the quality and overall confidence of the included studies. Results: The preliminary search yielded a total of 419 articles, discarding those that did not meet the selection criteria, leaving only 14 articles. All studies reported that PD was associated with obesity, with an OR and RR ranging from 1.1 to 1.46 and 1.64 to 2.21, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the results and conclusions of the SR with a high overall confidence level, PD is associated with obesity.
The adult hair follicle dermal papilla and dermal sheath cell are developmentally active cell populations with a proven role in adult hair follicle cycling activity and unique inductive powers. In stein cell biology, the hair follicle epithelium has recently been the subject of a great deal of investigation, but up to now the follicle dermis has been largely overlooked as a source of stein cells. Following the sporadic appearance of muscle, lipid and bone-type cells in discretely isolated follicle dermal papilla and sheath cell primary cultures, we demonstrated that cultured papilla and sheath cell lines were capable of being directed to lipid and bone differentiation. Subsequently, for the First time, we produced clonal dermal papilla and sheath lines that had extended proliferative capabilities. Dye exclusion has been reported to be an identifying feature of stein cells, therefore clonal papilla and sheath lines with differing capacity to exclude rhodamine (123) were cultured in medium known to induce adipocyte and osteocyte differentiation. Both dermal sheath and dermal papilla-derived clones showed the capacity to make lipid and to produce calcified material, however different clones had varied behaviour and there was no obvious correlation between their stein cell capabilities, and dye exclusion or selected gene expression markers. As a highly accessible source, capable of being discretely isolated, the follicle has important potential as a stein cell source for tissue engineering and cell therapy purposes. It will also be interesting to compare follicle dermal stein cell properties with the broader stein cell capabilities discovered in skin dermis, and investigate whether the follicle is a key dermal stein cell niche. Finally, the discovery of stein cells in the dermis may have implications for certain pathologies in which abnormal differentiation occurs in the skin.
Bupivacaine HCI (1.8mL) 5% concentration, with epinephrine (1:200,000) is the investigational product. It exists in liquid form in cartridges. Bupivacaine is a FDA approved marketed anesthetic drug and meets IND Exemption.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a portable biomedical information collector which is mountable on human bodies and collects occasional mental conditions efficiently by timely consultation while continuously measuring biomedical information in the daily life.  <P>SOLUTION: The portable biomedical information collector 100 takes out the biomedical information as an electrical signal by a detection circuit 300 and a signal processing circuit 301 and further discretizes it with a conversion circuit 302. A control circuit 303 stores the discretized biomedical information into a memory unit 304 while questions about moods and mental conditions are displayed on a display device 305 periodically and when a substantial change occurs in the biomedical information. Persons each mounting the collector answer to the questions by an input means 307 and the responses are recorded into the same memory unit 304 as in the case of mental information. The biomedical information and the metal information recorded into the memory unit 304 and various set values are written or read out through an external personal computer and a communication circuit 308.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Methods and compositions are provided for treating individuals who have an oncogene-negative cancer. In some cases, such individuals have an oncogene-negative tumor(s). In some cases, they have an oncogene-negative lung cancer. In some cases, they have an oncogene-negative lung adenocarcinoma. In some cases, treatment includes administering an inhibitor of the Ras/MAPK pathway. In some cases, treatment includes administering an inhibitor of the Ras/MAPK pathway and an inhibitor of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Methods and compositions are also provided for testing candidate cancer therapeutics. In some cases, such methods include contacting an oncogene-negative cell, in culture or in vivo, with a candidate agent, where the cell has increased Ras/MAPK pathway activity and/or increased PI3K-AKT pathway activity.
Apatinib 500mg, once a day, oral of each 28 day cycle. Number of cycle: until progression or unacceptable toxicity develops.
30 eligible patients will be enrolled and 3 cycles of Toripalimab 240mg + chemotherapy (Nab-paclitaxel + carboplatin, or pemetrexed + carboplatin) will be administered. Rare mutations include RET fusions, BRAF (V600E or non-V600E but confirmed driver mutations), ERBB2 exon20 insertion, MET amplification (FISH confirmed) or exon 14 skipping. Dynamic blood samples before, during or after neoadjuvant treatment will be obtained for exploratory analysis. Patients who showed inferior response to neoadjuvant treatment leading to unresectable disease will be scheduled for local radiation or other potential subsequent treatment regarding multidisciplinary discussion. After completion of local treatment (surgery or radiation), patients will be provided with optional adjuvant treatment including chemotherapy or/and rare mutations TKI upon investigators' consideration. The primary objective of the study is pathological complete response (pCR) defined as no residue tumor found in both primary lung cancer and metastatic lymph nodes.
Silodosin is a highly selective α1A-adrenoceptor antagonist for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of BPH. 4mg Silodosin twice daily has been approved in Asia including Japan and Korea. In US, 8mg Silodosin once daily with the FDA approval is already available. Korea has newly adopted 8mg Silodosin once daily. Against these backdrops, this clinical study is designed to demonstrate that the newly adopted dose is not inferior to the existing dose in its efficacy and safety. The study used double-blind, random assignment in Korean men with signs and symptoms of BPH for 12 weeks.