anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of SYMLIN were evaluated in 3 (26-52-week), randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in patients with type 1 diabetes. In these studies, insulin adjustments were minimized in order to isolate the SYMLIN effect with insulin adjustments allowed, at the investigator's discretion, when excessive hypoglycemia was encountered. Patients participating in these 3 trials had a mean age of 40 years, a mean duration of diabetes of 17 years, and a mean body mass index of 25.9 kg/m2.

Table 6 summarizes the 6-month results for those patients assigned to the 30 or 60 mcg dose of SYMLIN or placebo.

In the three studies, from a mean baseline body weight of 75.3 kg, 73.3 kg, and 76.6 kg, respectively, after randomization there were corresponding mean reductions of –0.8 kg, –1.6 kg, and –1.3 kg (60 mcg TID) and –0.8 kg (60 mcg QID) in the SYMLIN treatment group compared to mean increases of +0.8 kg, +0.4 kg, and +0.7 kg in the placebo treatment group.

### SYMLIN Dose-Titration Study

A dose-titration study of SYMLIN was conducted in patients with type 1 diabetes who had a mean age of 41 years, a mean duration of diabetes of 20 years, and a mean body mass index of 28 kg/m2. Patients with a mean baseline HbA1c of 8.1% (range 6.5%-10.7%) were randomized to receive either SYMLIN or placebo, both administered before major meals as add-on to insulin therapy. SYMLIN was initiated at a dose of 15 mcg and titrated upward at weekly intervals in 15 mcg increments to maintenance doses of 30 or 60 mcg, based on whether patients experienced nausea. Upon initiation of SYMLIN, the insulin dose (mostly the mealtime insulin) was reduced by 30% to 50% in order to minimize the occurrence of hypoglycemia. Once the maintenance dose of SYMLIN was reached, insulin dose adjustments were made according to standard clinical practice, based on pre- and post-meal blood glucose monitoring.

Table 7 summarizes the 6-month results for the dose-titration study.

In the dose titration study, from mean baseline body weight of 81.5 kg, after randomization there was a mean reduction of –1.33 kg in the SYMLIN treatment group compared to a mean increase of +1.25 kg in the placebo treatment group.
The invention relates to a cyclo-chromo-threo-casein-valine-leucine (Trp-Thr-Tyr-Val-Leu cyclic peptide) with hepatotoxicity and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of extraction and preparation of biological products. The cyclo-Tr-threo-tyr-valine-leucine peptide is a pentadeceyclic pentapeptide formed by connecting tryptophan, threonine, tyrosine, valine and leucine through an amide bond. This is a novel compound and has not been reported in the literature. The compound of the invention can be obtained by culturing ranunculus japonicus and then extracting and separating. The pure product of the cyclo-chromatic-threo-casein-valine-leucine peptide is white powder, and has half-Inhibitory Concentration (IC) on liver cancer cell HepG2  50  ) Comprises the following steps: 60.94 μ g/mL, half Inhibitory Concentration (IC) of alpha-glucosidase  50  ) Comprises the following steps: 1116.30. Mu.g/mL. The compound can be used as a potential drug for treating liver cancer and weight loss.
INTRODUCTION: Hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (hTTP) is caused by deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity, resulting from ADAMTS13 mutations. ADAMTS13 cleaves ultra large von Willebrand factor (VWF), thus reducing its multimer sizes. Hereditary deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity leads to the formation of excessive platelet-VWF aggregates in small arterioles and capillaries, resulting in hTTP.
AREAS COVERED: PubMed search from 1956 to 2024 using thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and therapy identified 3,675 articles. Only the articles relevant to the topic were selected for discussion, which focuses on pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and mechanisms of action of emerging therapeutics for hTTP. Current therapies include infusion of plasma, or coagulation factor VIII, or recombinant ADAMTS13. Emerging therapies include anti-VWF A1 aptamers or nanobody and gene therapies with adeno-associated viral vector or self-inactivated lentiviral vector or a sleeping beauty transposon system for a long-term expression of a functional ADAMTS13 enzyme.
EXPERT OPINION: Frequent plasma infusion remains to be the standard of care in most parts of the world, while recombinant ADAMTS13 has become the treatment of choice for hTTP in some of the Western countries. The success of gene therapies in preclinical models may hold a promise for future development of these novel approaches for a cure of hTTP.
BACKGROUND: In the modern era, the growth of scientific literature presents a daunting challenge for researchers to keep informed of advancements across multiple disciplines.
OBJECTIVE: We apply natural language processing (NLP) and embedding learning concepts to design PubDigest, a tool that combs PubMed literature, aiming to pinpoint potential drugs that could be repurposed.
METHODS: Using NLP, especially term associations through word embeddings, we explored unrecognized relationships between drugs and diseases. To illustrate the utility of PubDigest, we focused on chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), a rare disease with an overall limited number of scientific publications.
RESULTS: Our literature analysis identified key clinical features linked to CTEPH by applying term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) scoring, a technique measuring a term's significance in a text corpus. This allowed us to map related diseases. One standout was venous thrombosis (VT), which showed strong semantic links with CTEPH. Looking deeper, we discovered potential repurposing candidates for CTEPH through large-scale neural network-based contextualization of literature and predictive modeling on both the CTEPH and the VT literature corpora to find novel, yet unrecognized associations between the two diseases. Alongside the anti-thrombotic agent caplacizumab, benzofuran derivatives were an intriguing find. In particular, the benzofuran derivative amiodarone displayed potential anti-thrombotic properties in the literature. Our in vitro tests confirmed amiodarone's ability to reduce platelet aggregation significantly by 68% (p = 0.02). However, real-world clinical data indicated that CTEPH patients receiving amiodarone treatment faced a significant 15.9% higher mortality risk (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: While NLP offers an innovative approach to interpreting scientific literature, especially for drug repurposing, it is crucial to combine it with complementary methods like in vitro testing and real-world evidence. Our exploration with benzofuran derivatives and CTEPH underscores this point. Thus, blending NLP with hands-on experiments and real-world clinical data can pave the way for faster and safer drug repurposing approaches, especially for rare diseases like CTEPH.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating Lyphyllum decastes enabling increase of yield.  <P>SOLUTION: This method for cultivating Lyphyllum decastes comprises using a waste bed of Grifola frondosa mushroom bed cultivation as a medium base material. It is suitable to further use as the base material rice bran and/or bran and to use the waste bed through accumulating the waste bed for at least 6 months. The deposit numbers of the Lyphyllum decastes strain are FERM P-19498 and FERM P-19499. A skin disease dermatosis retarder and a high blood pressure retarder each containing the dry product or the extract of the Lyphyllum decastes strain are also provided.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
BACKGROUND: Long-term outcomes following left atrial appendage occlusion outside clinical trials and small registries are largely unknown. Collecting these data was a condition of US market authorization of the WATCHMAN device. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the rates of stroke, bleeding, and death among Medicare beneficiaries following left atrial appendage occlusion implantation during initial commercial availability of the WATCHMAN left atrial appendage occlusion device overall and in important subgroups.
METHODS: All Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries ≥65 years of age who underwent left atrial appendage occlusion from April 1, 2016, to August 31, 2020, were included based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, and Current Procedural Terminology codes. Over a 5-year follow-up period, the cumulative incidence over time of mortality, ischemic stroke, and major bleeding were calculated using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, diagnosis codes for the full study cohort and within important prespecified subgroups.
RESULTS: WATCHMAN recipients (n=48 763) were a median of 77 (interquartile range, 72-82) years of age, 42% female, and mostly White (93%). The median CHA2DS2VASc score was 4 (interquartile range, 3-5) with prior major bleeding in 42% and prior stroke in 12%. At 5 years, death occurred in 44%, bleeding in 15% (with higher risk early following implantation), and ischemic stroke in 7%. Each of these end points was more common with greater baseline age. Male patients had greater 5-year mortality than female patients (46.9% versus 40.6%), but there was no difference between sexes in the rates of ischemic stroke (6.6% versus 7.5%) or major bleeding (14.9% for both). WATCHMAN recipients with prior ischemic stroke or a major bleeding event were older and frailer; these groups had higher rates of ischemic stroke, major bleeding, and death.
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with patients enrolled in the pivotal clinical trials, Medicare beneficiaries undergoing WATCHMAN implantation were older, more female, and had more comorbid conditions. Substantial long-term mortality and major bleeding following WATCHMAN reflect the high-risk nature of the patient population, while the ischemic stroke rate was relatively low (<1.5% per year).
FIELD: chemistry of natural compounds. SUBSTANCE: method involves drying and milling peat, extraction in alkaline medium, filtration, acidification and purification of the end product by dialysis. The source is upper peat moss at decomposition degree 5-10%. Extraction is carried out with 4-5 volumes of 2-4% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution for 6-12 hr at 20-25 C. After filtration filtrate is salted out at 4-6 C for 10-12 hr with sodium chloride (as measured 20-40 g/l). Before dialysis which is carried out at 4-6 C for 16-24 hr precipitate is dissolved in 2-3 volumes water acidified to pH 5.0-5.5, and dialysate is precipitated with 2-4 volumes of acetone followed by precipitate drying. Prepared substance shows activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and pathogenic fungi at the low doses. EFFECT: rapid and quick technological process.
Participants are provided with Forever Free relapse prevention booklets and receive a 2-week supply of nicotine patches, gum, or lozenges. Participants also receive 1 proactive coaching call within 24 hours of quit date. Beginning on the quit date, participants complete an active episodic future thinking or control future thinking priming task once per week for 12 weeks, alternating every week between tasks.
Objectives: The aim of the current report is to present three cases of necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis caused by Vibrio vulnificus on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Materials and Methods: Two of the patients are males, 70 and 86 years of age, respectively, and one is an 86-year-old female. Data were collected from the patients' examination records. V. vulnificus was isolated on 5% sheep blood agar from wound and blood samples and identified by the automated system Phoenix M50 (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested with two well-known methods (disk diffusion and broth microdilution). Results: All of the patients were admitted to our hospital due to pain, swelling, ulceration, and bullae on the legs and were febrile. They underwent surgery and received intensive care support. One of the patients developed septicemia and septic shock; one of his legs was amputated, but the outcome was fatal. The other patient received immediate approptiate antibiotic and surgical treatment, and the outcome was favorable. The third patient underwent emergency fasciotomy but died a few hours after admission. Conclusions: Global climate change is affecting the distribution of Vibrio spp., and their incidence is expected to increase. It is important to highlight the need for awareness among immunocompromised and elderly patients of the potential threat posed by V. vulnificus infections.
The present study aimed to evaluate if sepsis sensitizes behavioural and biochemical responses induced by m-amphetamine. For this, Wistar rats were submitted to the cecal ligation and puncture. After 30 days of cecal ligation and puncture procedure, the animals were submitted to a single intraperitoneal injection of saline or m-amphetamine (.25, .50, or 1.0 mg/kg). Locomotor behaviour was assessed 2 h after the administration. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-α, dopamine-cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32,000 kDa (DARPP-32) and neuronal calcium sensor (NCS-1) levels were evaluated in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Also, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuronal growth factor and glial-derived neurotrophic factor levels were assessed in the hippocampus. M-amphetamine alone (.25 and 1.0 mg/kg) increased rats' locomotion and exploratory behaviour compared with the Sham + Sal. Animals from the cecal ligation and puncture + m-amphetamine (.5 and/or 1.0 mg/kg) group showed an increase in locomotion, exploratory and risk-like behaviour when compared with the Sham + Saline group and with its respective Sham groups. Cecal ligation and puncture increased interleukin levels compared with the Sham + Sal. However, cecal ligation and puncture animals that received m-amphetamine (1 mg/kg) increased even more, these inflammatory parameters compared with the Sham + Sal and the cecal ligation and puncture + saline group. M-amphetamine at lower doses increased neurotrophic factors, but higher doses decreased these parameters in the brain of cecal ligation and puncture rats. M-amphetamine dose-dependently increased DARPP-32 and NCS-1 levels in cecal ligation and puncture rats in some structures. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that sepsis sensitizes behavioural amphetamine responses while inducing inflammatory and neurotrophic vulnerability in the cecal ligation and puncture model.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has a dual-phase disease pathology; in phase 1, hyperoxia-induced vaso-obliteration occurs in the retinal vasculature due to increased oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation, followed by phase 2, where hypoxia increases the overproduction of growth factors, inducing retinal neovascularization. Toll-like receptor 2 and -4 (TLR2 and TLR4) overactivation, hyper-inflammation, macrophages, and neutrophil infiltration contribute to the developing ROP. AVR-121 and AVR-123 are novel classes of small-molecule dual inhibitors of TLR2/4 tested in a human leukemia monocytic cell line (THP-1) and cord-blood-derived mononuclear cells (CBMCs). Both compounds inhibited TLR2/4 signaling-related inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells and inhibited VEGF-induced neovascularization in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs), which are hallmarks of ROP. In an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) murine model, the intraperitoneal injection of AVR-123 in the hyperoxia phase (P7-P12) or a nanosuspension eyedrop of AVR-123 in the hypoxic phase (P12-P17) significantly reduced vaso-obliteration, angiogenesis, and inflammatory cytokine profiles while not inhibiting the necessary growth factor VEGF in the juvenile mouse eyes. The results are consistent with our hypothesis that targeting the dual TLR2/4 pathway will reduce inflammation, angiogenesis, and vaso-obliteration in vitro and in vivo and reduce cytotoxic immune cells. AVR-123 has the potential to be developed as a therapy for ROP.
The invention provides bathing powder with efficacies of relaxing tendons and activating collaterals and containing vittaria nana and a preparation method of the bathing powder. The bathing powder comprises a medicinal powder bag and a spice bag. The medicinal powder bag is prepared from the following medicinal materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of vittaria nana, 10-16 parts of seeds of Amygdalus communis L., 10-16 parts of twig and leaf of creeping psychotria, 5-8 parts of root of Ophiorrhiza succirubra King, 5-8 parts of dried mussels, 5-8 parts of Silene songarica (Fisc, Mey.etAve-Lael) Bocquct [Melandriumbrachypetalum (Horn.)Fenzl.], 5-8 parts of all-grass of shrubberry rhodiola, 3-6 parts of damnacanthus indicus flowers, 3-6 parts of cotton rose hibiscus leaf, 3-6 parts of root or all-grass of Stachys palustris L., and 3-6 parts of flowers of Chinese globeflower. The spice bag is prepared from the following medicinal materials in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of rose flowers, 8-10 parts of China rose flowers, 6-8 parts of seville orange flowers, 3-5 parts of flos caryophylli, and 3-5 parts of lavender. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing the medicinal powder bag, which comprises the following substeps: A, pretreating the raw materials, B, soaking, drying by steaming, cutting up and baking, C, extracting a filtrate, D, carrying out centrifugal separation, and mixing the solutions, and E, concentrating and drying; (2) preparing the spice bag; and (3) packaging the medicinal powder bag and the spice bag into a packaging bag, thus obtaining the finished product. The bathing powder has the efficacies of relaxing tendons and activating collaterals, dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, as well as relieving swelling and pain after being used for a long term.
The operation has to be performed within 3 weeks after the initial trauma. According to the current standard, antibiotic prophylaxis (Cefazoline, 1000 milligram intravenous) will be administered thirty minutes preoperatively. The distal radius will be approached according to Henry, which beholds an incision between the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis and the arteria radialis. After the fracture site is exposed, the fracture will be reduced and an appropriate volar locking plate will be positioned. The type and brand of the plate are at discretion of the treating surgeon. When a dorsal approach is deemed necessary the distal radius will be approached between the third and fourth dorsal extensor tendon compartments. To evaluate the quality of articular reduction, fluoroscopic images will be obtained. Wound closure will be performed using standard techniques.
Kidney stone disease is a serious disease due to the severe pain it causes, high morbidity, and high recurrence rate. Notably, calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of kidney stone. Calcium oxalate appears in two forms in kidney stones: the stable phase, monohydrate (COM), and the metastable phase, dihydrate (COD). Particularly, COM stones with concentric structures are hard and difficult to treat. However, the factor determining the growth of either COM or COD crystals in the urine, which is supersaturated for both phases, remains unclear. This study shows that calcium phosphate ingredients preferentially induce COM crystal nucleation and growth, by observing and analyzing kidney stones containing both COM and COD crystals. The forms of calcium phosphate are not limited to Randall's plaques (1-2 mm size aggregates, which contain calcium phosphate nanoparticles and proteins, and form in the renal papilla). For example, aggregates of strip-shaped calcium phosphate crystals and fields of dispersed calcium phosphate microcrystals (nano to micrometer order) also promote the growth of concentric COM structures. This suggests that patients who excrete urine with a higher quantity of calcium phosphate crystals may be more prone to forming hard and troublesome COM stones.
Risk Summary

Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)], Pralatrexate injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are insufficient data on Pralatrexate injection use in pregnant women to evaluate for a drug- associated risk. Pralatrexate injection was embryotoxic and fetotoxic in rats and rabbits when administered during organogenesis at doses about 1.2% (0.012 times) of the clinical dose on a mg/m2 basis. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. 

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population(s) is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. 

Data

Animal Data

Pralatrexate was embryotoxic and fetotoxic in rats at intravenous doses of 0.06 mg/kg/day (0.36 mg/m2/day or about 1.2% of the clinical dose on a mg/m2 basis) given on gestation days 7 through 20. Treatment with pralatrexate caused a dose-dependent decrease in fetal viability manifested as an increase in late, early, and total resorptions. There was also a dosedependent increase in post-implantation loss. In rabbits, intravenous doses of 0.03 mg/kg/day (0.36 mg/m2/day) or greater given on gestation days 8 through 21 also caused abortion and fetal lethality. This toxicity manifested as early and total resorptions, post-implantation loss, and a decrease in the total number of live fetuses.
The invention discloses a drug composition for treating leukopenia and hypoimmunity caused by chemoradiotherapy and a preparation method and a quality detection method thereof. The drug composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of radix astragali, 13 parts of American ginseng, 23 parts of radix rehmanniae, 20 parts of angelica sinensis, 40 parts of suberect spatholobus stem, 23 parts of glossy privet fruit, 15 parts of deerhorn glue, 23 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza, 20 parts of white paeony root, 20 parts of epimedium herb and 20 parts of tangerine peel. The preparation method is scientific and reasonable. The quality standards comprise a method for identifying American ginseng, glossy privet fruit, salvia miltiorrhiza, white paeony root, epimedium herb and tangerine peel and a method for measuring the content of astragaloside. Good test results identical with clinical curative effects are obtained through pharmacodynamics tests. Toxicity tests show that the clinical proposed dose of the drug composition is safe and the drug composition is a safe and effective drug for treating leukopenia and hypoimmunity. Compared with the similar varieties in the market, the variety has the characteristics of accurate principles of treatment, novel formula, strong effect pertinency, definite clinical curative effects and no obvious toxic or side effect.
Subjects will be treated with the dilute bleach compresses daily (Monday through Friday) for the first 3 weeks of therapy. The bleach solution will be prepared and compresses applied for a 20 minute duration prior to radiation therapy. The compress can be applied within an hour of radiation therapy. Subjects will apply Aquaphor® ointment twice a day, once immediately after the radiation treatment and once in the evening. On days the experimental subjects do not receive radiation therapy, they will continue to moisturize their skin twice a day (AM and PM) with Aquaphor® ointment.