anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The inclusion of Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) as part of the management of pulmonary fibrosis although being highly recommended and recommended in guidelines still sees studies exploring the outcomes from such an intervention limited. The present study aims to contribute to the available literature by investigating the effects of a high intensity, 12week PR programme on functional and quality of life measures in patients with a diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis. This study reports outcomes of an observational, quasi experimental type of study. A total of 120 participants were recruited: 60 patients formed part of the active group, another 60 patients were enrolled in an inactive group. Each participant was classified according to the modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale and placed in one of 5 categories (0 to 4) according to self-perceived breathlessness during daily activities. The following outcomes were measured: Lung function tests including plethysmography and diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO), functional tests (6-minute walking test, Dyspnoea Borg Scale) and Health status measures (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire and HAD score).
Metronidazole Oral Intake. 250 mg/8h. During 3 months. Adalimumab Subcutaneous 160 mg and 80 mg 2wk. Then 40 mg during 2wk as maintenance.
BACKGROUND: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic neurodevelopmental condition characterised by a range of debilitating and lifelong symptoms. The many physical and behavioural challenges that arise with adults with PWS often necessitate full-time (i.e., 24-hour) professional care support. However, despite the fact that many clinicians regard full-time PWS-specific care to represent best practice, relatively few studies have directly examined the benefits of such services. The purpose of this paper is to use archival data to investigate the impact of full-time care services on people with PWS, and to assemble a large statistical dataset on which robust analyses of improvements in weight, BMI, and behavioural outcomes can be based.
METHODS: Information collated by the International PWS Organisation (IPWSO), an international non-profit membership organisation supporting national PWS associations around the world, was combined into a single anonymised dataset for statistical analysis. Data were supplied by service-providers from several countries who provide full-time support to people with PWS. The dataset included details on the specific services provided, basic demographic information on service recipients, including weight, body mass index (BMI), and observational records relating to behaviours of concern (BOC; consisting of temper outbursts, skin-picking, egocentrism, inflexibility, and striving for dominance).
RESULTS: A total of 193 people with PWS (ranging in age from < 10 yrs to > 50 yrs; 93% of whom were > 18 yrs), residing in 11 services across 6 countries, were represented in the dataset. On average, people with PWS showed significant reductions in weight and BMI after joining a full-time care service, with improvements within one year of entering, which were cumulative over time and independent of age or initial weight at entry. Similar cumulative improvements over time were seen for BOC within one year and were unrelated to age or severity of BOC at entry. The degree to which services are specialised for residents with PWS appeared to confer particular benefits, with people living in PWS-exclusive services showing the greatest improvements in weight, BMI, and BOC. Reductions in BOC were associated with greater, rather than less, social contact, suggesting that these improvements were not achieved at the expense of broader freedoms, such as the opportunity to meet with families and friends.
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that full-time care services have a high likelihood of enhancing the lives of people with PWS within one year with long-lasting benefits, especially if those services are exclusive and specialised around the particular needs of PWS.
PURPOSE: A sustained release microparticle containing pramipexole and ethyl cellulose and an orally fast disintegrating tablet containing the same are provided to maintain effective blood concentration and to improve drug compliance. CONSTITUTION: A sustained release microparticle of pramipexole contains 1 part by weight of pramipexole or a salt thereof and 13-33 parts by weight of ethyl cellulose. The salt is pramipexole hydrochloride. The viscosity of ethyl cellulose is 6-22 cp. An orally fast disintegrating tablet contains the sustained release granules, sugar alcohol, and a disintegrant. The orally fast disintegrating tablet contains 50-55 parts by weight of sugar alcohol based on 100 parts by weight of the sustained release granules. The orally fast disintegrating tablet additionally contains an excipient. [Reference numerals] (AA) Elution rate; (BB) Time(hour); (CC) Embodiment 3-1; (DD) Embodiment 3-2; (EE) Embodiment 3-3; (FF) Embodiment 3-4
The mammalian gut microbiota plays diverse and essential roles in modulating host physiology. Key mediators determining the outcome of the microbiota-host interactions are the small molecule metabolites produced by the gut microbiota. The liver is a major organ exposed to gut microbial metabolites, and it serves as the nexus for maintaining healthy interactions between the gut microbiota and the host. At the same time, the liver is the primary target of potentially harmful gut microbial metabolites. In this review, we provide an up-to-date list of gut microbial metabolites that have been identified to either increase or decrease host susceptibility to acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury. The signaling pathways and molecular factors involved in the progression of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity are well-established, and we propose that the mouse model of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity serves as a model system for uncovering gut microbial metabolites with previously unknown functions. Furthermore, we envision that gut microbial metabolites identified to alter APAP-induced hepatotoxicity likely have broader implications in other liver diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review provides an overview of the role of the gut microbiota in modulating the host susceptibility to acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury. It focuses on the roles of gut bacterial small molecule metabolites as mediators of the interaction between the gut microbiota and the liver. It also illustrates the utility of APAP-induced liver injury as a model to identify gut microbial metabolites with biological function.
BACKGROUND: Standard dosages of analgesic and sedative drugs are given to intensive care patients. The resulting range of blood concentrations and corresponding clinical responses need to be better examined. The purpose of this study was to describe daily dosages, measured blood concentrations, and clinical responses in critically ill patients. The purpose was also to contribute to establishing whole blood concentration reference values of the drugs investigated.
METHODS: A descriptive study of prospectively collected data from 302 admissions to a general intensive care unit (ICU) at a university hospital. Ten drugs (clonidine, fentanyl, morphine, dexmedetomidine, ketamine, ketobemidone, midazolam, paracetamol, propofol, and thiopental) were investigated, and daily dosages recorded. Blood samples were collected twice daily, and drug concentrations were measured. Clinical responses were registered using Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) and Numeric rating scale (NRS).
RESULTS: Drug dosages were within recommended dose ranges. Blood concentrations for all 10 drugs showed a wide variation within the cohort, but only 3% were above therapeutic interval where clonidine (57 of 122) and midazolam (38 of 122) dominated. RASS and NRS were not correlated to drug concentrations.
CONCLUSION: Using recommended dose intervals for analgesic and sedative drugs in the ICU setting combined with regular monitoring of clinical responses such as RASS and NRS leads to 97% of concentrations being below the upper limit in the therapeutic interval. This study contributes to whole blood drug concentration reference values regarding these 10 drugs.
Buphenyl treatment for one week was followed by dose escalation to HPN-100. Dose of Buphenyl was gradually decreased while HPN-100 dose was gradually increased until subject reached dosing of 100% HPN-100. HPN-100 at 100% of the dose was given for 1 week before subject was switched back to original Buphenyl treatment.
The prevalence of the world's second leading neurodegenerative disorder Parkinson's disease (PD) is well known while its pathogenesis is still a topical issue to explore. Clinical and experimental reports suggest the prevalence of disturbed gut microflora in PD subjects, with an abundance of especially Gram-negative bacteria. The endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released from the outer cell layer of these bacteria interacts with the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) present on the macrophages and it stimulates the downstream inflammatory cascade in both the gut and brain. Recent research also suggests a positive correlation between LPS, alpha-synuclein, and TLR4 levels, which indicates the contribution of a parallel LPS-alpha-synuclein-TLR4 axis in stimulating inflammation and neurodegeneration in the gut and brain, establishing a body-first type of PD. However, owing to the novelty of this paradigm, further investigation is mandatory. Modulating LPS biosynthesis and LPS-TLR4 interaction can ameliorate gut dysbiosis and PD. Several synthetic LpxC (UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase; LPS-synthesizing enzyme) inhibitors and TLR4 antagonists are reported to show beneficial effects including neuroprotection in PD models, however, are not devoid of side effects. Plant-derived compounds have been long documented for their benefits as nutraceuticals and thus to search for effective, safer, and multitarget therapeutics, the present study focused on summarizing the evidence reporting the potential of phyto-compounds as LpxC inhibitors and TLR4 antagonists. Studies demonstrating the dual potential of phyto-compounds as the modulators of LpxC and TLR4 have not yet been reported. Also, very few preliminary studies have reported LpxC inhibition by phyto-compounds. Nevertheless, remarkable neuroprotection along with TLR4 antagonism has been shown by curcumin and juglanin in PD models. The present review thus provides a wide look at the research progressed to date in discovering phyto-compounds that can serve as LpxC inhibitors and TLR4 antagonists. The study further recommends the need for expanding the search for potential candidates that can render dual protection by inhibiting both the biosynthesis and TLR4 interaction of LPS. Such multitarget therapeutic intervention is believed to bring fruitful yields in countering gut dysbiosis, neuroinflammation, and dopaminergic neuron damage in PD patients through a single treatment paradigm.
Fluoxetine delayed-release capsules USP is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for oral administration. It is also marketed for the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (Sarafem®, fluoxetine hydrochloride). It is designated (±)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[(α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy]propylamine hydrochloride and has the molecular formula of C17H18F3NO•HCl. Its molecular weight is 345.79. The structural formula is: 

Fluoxetine hydrochloride USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder. Sparingly soluble in purified water and in methylene chloride; freely soluble in methanol and in alcohol. Practically insoluble in ether. 

Each delayed release capsule, for oral administration contains white to off-white elliptical to spherical enteric-coated pellets of fluoxetine hydrochloride equivalent to 90 mg (291 µmol) of fluoxetine. The capsules also contain black iron oxide, copovidone, gelatin, glycine, hypromellose, hypromellose phthalate, isopropyl alcohol, methylene chloride, red iron oxide, sugar globules, talc, titanium dioxide, triethyl citrate and yellow iron oxide.
The invention discloses a method for screening characteristic mRNA for diagnosing early lung cancer by a non-correlation linear discriminant analysis model. First, mRNA expression data of known lung cancer samples and normal samples are normalized and used as a training set. And modeling the training set by adopting non-correlation linear discriminant analysis to obtain a conversion matrix G corresponding to each variable. And taking the standardized sample to be diagnosed as a prediction set, and multiplying the mRNA expression data of the sample by the G matrix to obtain a non-relevant discrimination vector value so as to perform the identification and diagnosis of the lung cancer sample. And (4) screening characteristic mRNA according to the absolute value of G corresponding to each mRNA, continuously adjusting a screening threshold value to reduce the retention quantity of the mRNA and updating the ULDA model for lung cancer diagnosis until the diagnosis accuracy of a prediction set begins to decline. When the diagnosis accuracy is 100%, the screened minimum number of mRNAs can be used as potential characteristic biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis.
Hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption is likely to cause damage to health, either physical or mental. The prevention of harmful alcohol consumption results in a reduction of alcohol related diseases, of emergency and hospital use, and of societal related problems, and it results in direct health care savings as well as in non-health care savings. General practice is an important setting to intervene with patients whose drinking is hazardous or harmful to their health. Despite the evidence for the efficacy and cost effectiveness of case finding and brief interventions in general practice, such interventions are rarely integrated into routine practice. Based on the literature it is recommended to develop a tailored multi-component implementation program to engage general practice in the prevention of patients with alcohol consumption.

In our trial such a tailored multi-component intervention program is offered to the general practice team (GPT). The participants in our trial are the GPT, not the patients. The GPTs practising in Mid-West and Mid-South are invited to participate in the trial by an invitational letter, including an information leaflet. Participation is not obligatory, but based on own interest of the GPT. Next, GPTs who are willing to participate in the trial are random allocated to the intervention or control condition. Besides the effect outcome measures described in the 'Outcome measure" part there are process and costs measures described.

Besides measurements at the GPT-level, we also conduct measurements at the patient level. All patients of 18 years or older visiting the GPT during a pre-defined 3-month period are asked to fill in the Alcohol Use Disorders identification Test (AUDIT). This measurement takes place before the intervention starts. Only those patients at risk are asked to fill in the AUDIT after the intervention ended. As described in the 'Outcome part', the AUDIT is used to describe the effects of the intervention program at the patient level. Patients receive individual feedback with personal advice depending on their AUDIT score. Patients are not informed about whether the GPT is allocated to the intervention program or control condition (usual care) (single blind).

Comparison: GPTs participated in the multi-component intervention program (see Interventions; intervention group) are compared to GPTs who didn't participate in the multi-component intervention program (control group). The GPTs in the control group receive the NHG guideline and NHG patient information letters, which can be seen as usual care. In addition the receive feedback about the number of patients at risk because of their alcohol consumption, which can be seen as a minimal intervention.
OBJECTIVE: We investigated non-motor symptoms in ALS using sequential questionnaires; here we report the findings of the second questionnaire.
METHODS: A social media platform (Twitter, now known as X) was used to publicize the questionnaires. Data were downloaded from SurveyMonkey and analyzed by descriptive statistics, comparison of means, and regression models.
RESULTS: There were 182 people with ALS and 57 controls. The most important non-motor symptoms were cold limbs (60.4% cases, 14% controls, p = 9.67 x 10-10) and appetite loss (29.7% cases, 5.3% controls, p = 1.6 x 10-4). The weaker limb was most likely to feel cold (p = 9.67 x 10-10), and symptoms were more apparent in the evening and night. Appetite loss was reported as due to feeling full and the time taken to eat. People with ALS experienced medium-intensity pain, more usually shock-like pain than burning or cold-like pain, although the most prevalent type of pain was non-differentiated.
CONCLUSIONS: Non-motor symptoms are an important feature of ALS. Further investigation is needed to understand their physiological basis and whether they represent phenotypic differences useful for subtyping ALS.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a medicinal composition comprising a derivative of piperidino pyrimidine, stable with low stimulation.  <P>SOLUTION: The medicinal composition comprises at least 5 wt.%. based on the total weight of the composition, of the derivative of piperidino pyrimidine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt. The medicinal composition for local administration contains solvents selected from an acid, water and/or lower alcohols in amount of substantially completely dissolving the derivative of piperidino pyrimidine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and a cosolvent selected from one or more than one of the groups consisting of aromatic alcohols and polyalcohols. (For containing propylene glycol as the cosolvent, the content of the same is less than 10 wt.%.).  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
FIELD: medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention claims dichlorobenzyl alcohol, preferably 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol, as an active component of medicinal agent used for treatment of topical inflammation with exception for inflammation caused by Helicobacter pylori. Agent can comprise additionally bioadhesive materials and it can be made as solutions, ointment, cream or gel. Agent can be used in mouth cavity or applied on skin. Invention can be used for treatment of topical inflammation on skin and/or on mucosa. EFFECT: expanded assortment of anti-inflammatory agents for external using. 7 cl, 3 tbl, 2 ex
This food-effect study plans to enroll 16 (at least 12 to complete the study) subjects. Subjects will be randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dosing sequences (fasted or standard high-fat breakfast) at a 1:1 ratio generated from a computer. Each dosing sequence will consist of 2 cycles, with 1 dose in each cycle of the study and a washout period of at least 7 days between each dose. Study drug will be administered to subjects in the morning of each administration day of each cycle. PK, ECG, vital signs, physical examinations and laboratory tests will be performed as specified in the protocol. Tolerability and safety of the treatment will be evaluated by monitoring adverse events.
Microglia represent the main immune cell population in the CNS with unique homeostatic roles and contribution to broad neurological conditions. Stroke is associated with marked changes in microglial phenotypes and induction of inflammatory responses, which emerge as key modulators of brain injury, neurological outcome and regeneration. However, due to the limited availability of functional studies with selective targeting of microglia and microglia-related inflammatory pathways in stroke, the vast majority of observations remain correlative and controversial. Because extensive review articles discussing the role of inflammatory mechanisms in different forms of acute brain injury are available, here we focus on some specific pathways that appear to be important for stroke pathophysiology with assumed contribution by microglia. While the growing toolkit for microglia manipulation increasingly allows targeting inflammatory pathways in a cell-specific manner, reconsideration of some effects devoted to microglia may also be required. This may particularly concern the interpretation of inflammatory mechanisms that emerge in response to stroke as a form of sterile injury and change markedly in chronic inflammation and common stroke comorbidities.
Participants will skip lunch, and continue fasting since breakfast (08:00) before commencing exercise at 16:00. Therefore, exercise will commence after an 8 hour period of fasting.
PURPOSE:To prepare inorganic oxide particles having improved various characteristics, by adding a solution containing a specific organosilicon compound and an organometallic compound to an alkaline solvent, and hydrolyzing both compounds. CONSTITUTION:A hydrolyzable organosilicon compound, e.g. an alkoxysilane, and a hydrolyzable organic compound of a metal selected from GroupIin the periodic table, e.g. K, Li or Na, are added to an alcoholic solution and mixed. The resultant solution is then added to an alkaline solvent, e.g. ammoniac alcohol, capable of dissolving both organic compounds, but incapable of dissolving the reaction product, to hydrolyze both organic compounds. Thus, the aimed fine particulate inorganic oxide, having 0.1-10mum particle diameter, <=1.30 standard deviation value of the particle diameter distribution and >= 100m<2>/g specific surface, consisting of silica containing 20mol% or less above- mentioned metallic oxide, and usable widely as a dental filler, etc. is obtained.
The development of fully implantable systems changed the dynamics and risks associated with intrathecal drug delivery. Pump reservoirs could be refilled with medication more infrequently (every 1-3 months), greatly reducing the risk of infection. Pumps were initially driven by the pressure differential of an injected gas, pushing drug at a fixed rate from an isolated chamber through an orifice of predetermined size. Later, mechanical pumps were developed that allowed for programmability of different infusion rates, and complex administration of infusions and preset boluses. These pumps have dominated the US market for long-term intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDSs), and have expanded the range of conditions and patients that can be treated successfully.

Because IDDSs characteristically deliver low flow rates of drug to the intrathecal space (\<1 mL/day), the reliability, durability, and accuracy of the pump are critical for the efficacy and safety of treatment. This continued access trial will assess the ongoing safety and efficacy of a new fully implanted IDDS, the Prometra Programmable Pump.
In this group "kidney-healthy" volunteers will be examined by NMR-Mobile Universal Surface Explorer® (NMR-Mouse) at three different days. The right/left arm or leg will be used for repeated measurement. Altogether 2 measurements per day are reformed in order to evaluate the reproducibility and variability.