anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Claimed is a solid product for oral administration comprising a photosensitising agent and a multimatrix structure. Such a product may be used for photodynamic treatment (PDT) and photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Preferably, the matrix consists of lipophilic compounds with a melting point below 90 °C, in which the photosensitizing agent is at least partially incorporated, and an outer hydrophobic matrix in which the lipophilic matrix is dispersed. Most preferably, the photosensitising agent is at least partly incorporated in an inner matrix consisting of lipophilic compounds and amphiphilic compounds. In this preferred embodiment the outer matrix consists of hydrophilic compounds and amphiphilic compounds along with, optionally, other physiologically acceptable excipients and, optionally, a gastro-resistant coating. In worked embodiments the multi-matrix system is commercially available MMX (RTM). Most preferably, the photosensitiser is a derivative of 5-ALA (5-aminolevulinic acid).
The importance of temporary mechanical circulatory support for treating acute heart failure with cardiogenic shock is increasingly recognized, and Impella (Abiomed, Danvers, MA, USA) has received particular attention in this regard. Impella is an axial flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) built into the tip of a catheter. It is inserted via a peripheral artery and implanted into the left ventricle. Although the morphology of Impella is different from a typical LVAD, it has similar actions and effects as an LVAD in terms of left ventricular drainage and aortic blood delivery. Impella increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic blood flow, thereby improving peripheral organ perfusion and promoting recovery from multiple organ failure. In addition, left ventricular unloading with increased MAP increases coronary perfusion and decreases myocardial oxygen demand, thereby promoting myocardial recovery. Impella is also useful as a mechanical vent of the left ventricle in patients supported with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Indications for Impella include emergency use for cardiogenic shock and non-emergent use during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention and ventricular tachycardia ablation. Its intended uses for cardiogenic shock include bridge to recovery, durable device, heart transplantation, and heart surgery. Prophylactic use of Impella in high-risk patients undergoing open heart surgery to prevent postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock is also gaining attention. While there have been many case reports and retrospective studies on the benefits of Impella, there is little evidence based on sufficiently large randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Currently, several RCTs are now ongoing, which are critical to determine when, for whom, and how these devices should be used. In this review, we summarize the principles, physiology, indications, and complications of the Impella support and discuss current issues and future expectations for the device.
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).

General

Patients should be informed that acyclovir cream is a prescription topical cream for the treatment of cold sores (recurrent herpes labialis) that occur on the face and lips. Acyclovir cream is not a cure for cold sores. Patients should be instructed that acyclovir cream is intended for cutaneous use only for herpes labialis of the lips and around the mouth. Patients should be advised that acyclovir cream should not be used in the eye, inside the mouth or nose, or on the genitals. Patients should be instructed to avoid applying other topical products to the affected area while using acyclovir cream.

Do not use if you are allergic to acyclovir cream or any of the ingredients in acyclovir cream. Before you use acyclovir cream, tell your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding.

Instructions for Use

Treatment should be initiated at the earliest sign or symptom of recurrence. Instruct patients to wash hands prior to application and ensure the face and/or lips are clean and dry. Advise patients to apply acyclovir cream topically 5 times per day for 4 days. Instruct patients to topically apply a quantity of acyclovir cream sufficient to cover the affected area, including the outer margin. Advise patients to avoid unnecessary rubbing of the affected area to avoid aggravating or transferring the infection. Instruct patients to wash their hands with soap and water after using acyclovir cream. Keep out of reach of children.

Possible Side Effects

Common skin-related side effects that occurred when acyclovir cream was applied include application site reactions. Acyclovir cream has the potential for irritation and contact sensitization.

Mfd. by: Taro Pharmaceuticals Inc., Brampton, Ontario, Canada L6T 1C1   
Dist. by: Taro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.,Hawthorne, NY 10532 

Revised: January 2022 5235679 37
Organotherapeutic solution for administering large drug doses. F3A. In treating chronic disease it is often necessary to administer large amounts (5-20g or more daily) of active substances in a form which can be absorbed without risk by the patient. For injection a high degree of purity is required to eliminate antihistamine and painful reactions and the drugs used must be highly degraded and only contain low molecular weight compounds. Injection with high molecular weight substances carries risks of shock and oral administration reduces effectiveness through digestion. An organotherapeutic solution has been found which can contain high concentrations, pref. up to saturation point, of unpurified macromolecular protein degradation products, pref. produced by proteolysis and fermentation of liver, lung, heart, brain, suprarenal, kidney, spleen, muscle, bone marrow and skin tissues, either separately or mixed. Proteolysis is halted before all the proteins have been degraded to low molecular weight products. Used to treat malign. liver and kidney tumours, pulmonary diseases, rheumatic or arthritic diseases, wounds caused by X-ray treatment and useful for protection from secondary effects of toxic drugs such as cancer controlling chemicals, toxic antibiotics and concentrated doses of corticosteroids. Also for treatment of cardio-vascular disease, nerve disorders, senile troubles and skin diseases of all kinds such as leprosy etc.
A member of the study staff will collect a small volume of blood sample through a finger prick and 2-3 milliliters of saliva from you. Using these samples, we will determine your blood type (defined by your expression of specific sugars on your red blood cells) and your expression pattern of these sugars in body secretions (e.g., saliva). You will provide us with a fecal sample collected the day of your appointment. The fecal sample should be collected in a pre-provided collection container and should be collected within 12 hours of drop-off. Using your fecal sample, we will determine the types of bacteria present in your normal gut flora and whether they express the same sugars expressed on your blood cells. Tests will be done only for research purposes and will not be evaluated or used to diagnose or treat any of your medical problems. Sample collection may need to be repeated if required for your medical care in the future.
Entecavir is a guanosine nucleoside analogue with selective activity against HBV. The chemical name for entecavir is 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[(1S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylenecyclopentyl]-6H-purin-6-one, monohydrate. Its molecular formula is C12H15N5O3•H2O, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 295.3.

Entecavir has the following structural formula:

Entecavir, USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder. It is slightly soluble in water (2.4 mg/mL), and the pH of the saturated solution in water is 7.9 at 25° C ± 0.5° C.

Entecavir tablets, USP are available as film-coated tablets for oral administration. Each tablet contains 0.5 mg or 1 mg Entecavir, USP and following inactive ingredients: crospovidone, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, and microcrystalline cellulose. The tablet coating contains hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, talc, and titanium dioxide, and additionally 1 mg tablet contains iron oxide red and iron oxide yellow.
A vast ensemble of extracellular proteins influences the development and progression of cancer, shaped and reshaped by a complex network of extracellular proteases. These proteases, belonging to the distinct classes of metalloproteases, serine proteases, cysteine proteases, and aspartic proteases, play a critical role in cancer. They often become dysregulated in cancer, with increases in pathological protease activity frequently driven by the loss of normal latency controls, diminished regulation by endogenous protease inhibitors, and changes in localization. Dysregulated proteases accelerate tumor progression and metastasis by degrading protein barriers within the extracellular matrix (ECM), stimulating tumor growth, reactivating dormant tumor cells, facilitating tumor cell escape from immune surveillance, and shifting stromal cells toward cancer-promoting behaviors through the precise proteolysis of specific substrates to alter their functions. These crucial substrates include ECM proteins and proteoglycans, soluble proteins secreted by tumor and stromal cells, and extracellular domains of cell surface proteins, including membrane receptors and adhesion proteins. The complexity of the extracellular protease web presents a significant challenge to untangle. Nevertheless, technological strides in proteomics, chemical biology, and the development of new probes and reagents are enabling progress and advancing our understanding of the pivotal importance of extracellular proteolysis in cancer.
BACKGROUND: Anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma of the anus for which rates are nearly 20-fold higher in people with HIV than in the general population in the United States. We describe trends in anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnosis and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus following anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III by HIV status and sex.
METHODS: We used data from a population-based linkage between cancer and HIV registries in 11 US states; Puerto Rico; and Washington, DC, during 1996-2019. We identified all individuals with a diagnosis of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III and determined their HIV status. We estimated the average annual percentage change of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III using Poisson regression stratified by HIV status and sex. We estimated the 5-year cumulative incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus following an anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnosis stratified by sex, HIV status, and prior AIDS diagnosis.
RESULTS: Among people with HIV, average annual percentage changes for anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III were 15% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 12% to 17%) per year among females and 12% (95% CI = 11% to 14%) among males. Average annual percentage changes for those without HIV were 8% (95% CI = 7% to 8%) for females and 8% (95% CI = 6% to 9%) for males. Among people with HIV, a prior AIDS diagnosis was associated with a 2.7-fold (95% CI = 2.23 to 3.40) and 1.9-fold (95% CI = 1.72 to 2.02) increased risk of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnosis for females and males, respectively. Five-year cumulative incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus following anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III for people with HIV with a prior AIDS diagnosis were 3.4% and 3.7% for females and males, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Rates of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnoses have increased since 1996, particularly for people with HIV, likely influenced by increased screening. A prior AIDS diagnosis was strongly associated with risk of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnosis.
OBJECTIVE: The use of traditional inhaled pulmonary vasodilators, such as nitric oxide, to treat symptomatic pulmonary edema is not practical in the air medical or prehospital environment because of difficulty with administration. A hospital-based critical care air medical transport service initiated a pilot study to investigate the use of inhaled nitroglycerin (iNTG) as an alternative pulmonary vasodilator.
METHODS: For this pilot study, iNTG was administered using a jet nebulizer setup and concentrated nitroglycerin, both of which are widely available in acute care settings. In conjunction with medical oversight, transport personnel identified patients with respiratory distress secondary to pulmonary edema. Twenty-two months after initiating the protocol, a retrospective chart review was conducted. Data for patients receiving iNTG were retrospectively abstracted through a medical record search and manual chart review.
RESULTS: Twelve patients received iNTG during the pilot study. Basic demographics, medical comorbidities, concurrent medications, laboratory values, and radiographic studies were collected for each patient. Basic statistics were performed to identify any potential trends.
CONCLUSION: The administration of iNTG is feasible in an air medical transport setting and may provide a useful adjunct to treating patients with pulmonary edema and respiratory distress. Because iNTG delivery targets the pulmonary vasculature, this may be of particular benefit in patients with a poor hemodynamic profile. Larger randomized controlled or cohort studies are needed to specifically analyze and compare hemodynamics, diagnostics, and patient outcomes.
To treat oxycodone hydrochloride tablets overdose, primary attention should be given to the re-establishment of a patent airway and institution of assisted or controlled ventilation. Supportive measures (including oxygen and vasopressors) should be employed in the management of circulatory shock and pulmonary edema accompanying overdose as indicated. Cardiac arrest or arrhythmias may require cardiac massage or defibrillation.

The narcotic antagonists, naloxone or nalmefene, are specific antidotes for opioid overdose. Opioid antagonists should not be administered in the absence of clinically significant respiratory or circulatory depression secondary to oxycodone hydrochloride tablets overdose. If needed the appropriate dose of naloxone hydrochloride or nalmefene should be administered simultaneously with efforts at respiratory resuscitation (see package insert for each drug for the details). Since the duration of action of oxycodone may exceed that of the antagonist, the patient should be kept under continued surveillance and repeated doses of the antagonist should be administered as needed to maintain adequate respiration. Gastric emptying may be useful in removing unabsorbed drug.

Opioid antagonists should be administered cautiously to persons who are suspected to be physically dependent on any opioid agonist, including oxycodone (see Opioid-Tolerant Individuals).

Opioid-Tolerant Individuals – In an individual physically dependent on opioids, administration of a usual dose of antagonist will precipitate an acute withdrawal. The severity of the withdrawal syndrome produced will depend on the degree of physical dependence and the dose of the antagonist administered. Use of an opioid antagonist should be reserved for cases where such treatment is clearly needed. If it is necessary to treat serious respiratory depression in the physically dependent patient, administration of the antagonist should be begun with care and by titration with smaller than usual doses.
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a major health concern among the elderly population. It is hoped that increasing our understanding of its underlying pathophysiological processes will lead to the development of novel therapies. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) discovered a few dozen genetic variants in association with elevated risk for ARHL. Integrated analysis of GWAS results and transcriptomics data is a powerful approach for elucidating specific cell types that are involved in disease pathogenesis. Intriguingly, recent studies that applied such bioinformatics approaches to ARHL resulted in disagreeing findings as for the key cell types that are most strongly linked to the genetic pathogenesis of ARHL. These conflicting studies pointed either to cochlear sensory epithelial or to stria vascularis cells as the cell types most prominently involved in the genetic basis of ARHL. Seeking to resolve this discrepancy, we integrated the analysis of four ARHL GWAS datasets with four independent inner-ear single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets. Our analysis clearly points to the cochlear sensory epithelial cells as the key cells for the genetic predisposition to ARHL. We also explain the limitation of the bioinformatics analysis performed by previous studies that led to missing the enrichment for ARHL GWAS signal in sensory epithelial cells. Collectively, we show that cochlear epithelial cells, not stria vascularis cells, are the main inner-ear cells related to the genetic pathogenesis of ARHL.
A narrative review of the literature was conducted to examine the data on femoral head fractures, with a particular focus on their management, complications and clinical outcomes. A PRISMA strategy was used. Medline and Scopus library databases were queried using pre-defined MeSH terms and Boolean operators. Quality of evidence was evaluated based on OCEBM and GRADE systems. The 50 eligible articles that met the predefined inclusion criteria reported on 1403 femoral head fractures. A detailed analysis of the surgical approaches used was performed in 38 articles with 856 fractures. Most fractures were treated surgically (90,8 %) with preferred anatomical reconstruction in 76,7 % of all operatively treated cases. Posterior approaches were the most common (52.5 %). This was evenly split between surgical hip dislocation and the classic Kocher-Langenbeck approach. 70.5 % of surgically treated cases achieved excellent or good result according to Thompson-Epstein criteria. Highest rate of excellent results showed minimal invasive osteosynthesis and surgical hip dislocation. Major late complications were avascular necrosis (10.8 %), post-traumatic arthritis (16.2 %) and heterotopic ossification (20.8 %). Secondary THA was necessary in 6.9 %. Highest rate of major complications was joined with anterior approach (77 %), lowest rate from frequently used approaches surgical hip dislocation (37.8 %). Conservative treatment recedes into the background. The Ganz flip osteotomy with surgical hip dislocation allows safe treatment of all types of fractures and should be considered the first choice, offering the lowest rate of complications and one of the best functional outcomes. Reconstruction of Pipkin Type III fractures should be reserved for very young patients due to high rate of major complications.
Subjects will undergo Induction (AGS-003 every 3 weeks until 5 doses are administered) followed by Booster (AGS-003 at 3 month intervals). Subjects that will begin sunitinib therapy will be on this arm.
The sample size for our diagnostic sub-study has been calculated using sepsis as the index diagnosis. Assuming sensitivity and specificity of 92% (lower 95% CI: 84%) \>222 babies would need to be diagnosed with sepsis over five months, during which \~\>2000 babies will be admitted with sepsis across sites (Sally Mugabe Central Hospital, Zimbabwe and Kamuzu Central Hospital, Malawi). If necessary, the investigators will continue to collect data throughout the duration of the study until our sample size is achieved. These data will be collected as part of the routine Neotree data collection.
INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery is now widely regarded as the most effective treatment for morbid obesity. It aims to enhance patients' health by achieving long-lasting weight loss, reducing associated comorbidities, and improving their quality of life.
CASE REPORT: The case involves a 51-year-old female patient who underwent sleeve gastrectomy eight years ago to address morbid obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI) = 43). Subsequently, the patient developed gastric obstructive syndrome, leading to diagnostic investigations including repeated upper digestive endoscopies and native computed tomography. These examinations revealed the presence of a hiatal hernia. In 2021, the patient underwent fundoplication type Dor with anterior hemivalve. However, post-surgery, the patient's condition did not improve, with persistent symptoms including regurgitation, heartburn, difficulty ingesting food, sensation of gastric fullness, and epigastralgia. Further exploratory procedures, including upper digestive endoscopy, abdominal computed tomography with contrast substance, and barium transit with contrast substance, led to the diagnosis of mediogastric stenosis postgastrectomy longitudinal, necessitating surgical intervention. This finding prompted a surgical approach involving distal gastric resection and restoration of digestive tract continuity through Hoffmeister-Finsterer gastro-jejunal anastomosis. Following the surgery, the patient's postoperative symptoms showed improvement.
DISCUSSION: Several other studies have demonstrated that the incisura angularis is the most common site of obstruction, as was observed in our study. This particular location appears to be more prone to narrowing, likely attributable to its angular shape. The linear staple line in this area can create a locus minoris resistentiae for kinking, as well as increase the risk of true stenosis if stapling is performed too close to the incisura angularis.
CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery should not be considered as the initial treatment option. However, in cases where it becomes necessary, postoperative monitoring is essential to prevent complications or address them promptly.
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a condition that occurs after massive surgical removal of sections of the small bowel required to treat conditions such as Crohn's disease, lack of adequate blood flow to the intestine, trauma, twisting of the bowel and other disorders. Patients with SBS develop severe diarrhea, weight loss, loss of nutrients in the stool, malnutrition, dehydration and deficiency of specific nutrients. SBS is thus a major cause of intestinal failure in adults and children. SBS has a high rate of death and medical complications and patients experience enormous health care-related costs and decreased quality of life. Patients with SBS often require intravenous feeding \[known as parenteral nutrition (PN)\] due to chronic malabsorption and malnutrition and also commonly develop infections from intestinal bacteria, suggesting abnormalities in the intestinal "barrier" to bacteria present in the intestine. In animal models of SBS, increased growth of the intestinal lining (mucosa) and improved nutrient absorption occur over time (intestinal adaptation). Although SBS patients commonly exhibit decreased diet-induced diarrhea within the first 2 years after intestinal surgery, very little is known about how the intestinal mucosa adapts in patients with SBS. The proposed pilot study will be the first comprehensive study of serial changes in gut mucosal structure and function in the early period (2-30 months) of SBS in humans. Our Specific Aims are designed to determine: 1) whether the residual small bowel and colonic mucosa in SBS patients exhibits adaptive growth, with concomitantly improved nutrient absorption and gut barrier function; 2) The underlying mechanisms of early gut adaptation in human SBS, by evaluating changes in mucosal cell growth and production of key molecules that are responsible for nutrient transport/absorption and gut barrier function; and 3) The utility of plasma citrulline concentrations and serum flagellin antibody titers as markers for human intestinal absorptive capacity and gut barrier function, respectively. Our research will provide important and new information on the natural history and underlying causes of early intestinal adaptation in man. This information will be valuable in the design of future therapeutic studies in patients with SBS that hold promise for improving the rehabilitation of these individuals.