anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B12 is essential to growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis.

Cyanocobalamin is quantitatively and rapidly absorbed from intramuscular and subcutaneous sites of injection; the plasma level of the compound reaches its peak within 1 hour after intramuscular injection. Absorbed vitamin B12 is transported via specific B12 binding proteins, transcobalamin I and II to the various tissues. The liver is the main organ for vitamin B12 storage.

Within 48 hours after injection of 100 or 1,000 mcg of vitamin B12, 50 to 98% of the injected dose may appear in the urine. The major portion is excreted within the first eight hours. Intravenous administration results in even more rapid excretion with little opportunity for liver storage.

Gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin B12 depends on the presence of sufficient intrinsic factor and calcium ions. Intrinsic factor deficiency causes pernicious anemia, which may be associated with subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Prompt parenteral administration of vitamin B12 prevents progression of neurologic damage.

The average diet supplies about 5 to 15 mcg/day of vitamin B12 in a protein-bound form that is available for absorption after normal digestion. Vitamin B12 is not present in foods of plant origin, but is abundant in foods of animal origin. In people with normal absorption, deficiencies have been reported only in strict vegetarians who consume no products of animal origin (including no milk products or eggs).

Vitamin B12 is bound to intrinsic factor during transit through the stomach; separation occurs in the terminal ileum in the presence of calcium, and vitamin B12 enters the mucosal cell for absorption. It is then transported by the transcobalamin binding proteins. A small amount (approximately 1% of the total amount ingested) is absorbed by simple diffusion, but this mechanism is adequate only with very large doses. Oral absorption is considered too undependable to rely on in patients with pernicious anemia or other conditions resulting in malabsorption of vitamin B12.

Cyanocobalamin is the most widely used form of vitamin B12, and has hematopoietic activity apparently identical to that of the antianemia factor in purified liver extract. Hydroxycobalamin is equally as effective as cyanocobalamin, and they share the cobalamin molecular structure.
30 patients with poor antiretroviral therapy compliance will be identified from our pool of patients at Saint Michael's Medical Center. Consent will be obtained, their regimens will be switched to QD based on previous therapies and resistance patterns if available. Patients will be placed on direct observed therapy.Each patient will be placed on Fortovase/Ritonavir (1600mg/100mg)QD plus two or three NRTIs based on a phenotypic baseline testing to a protease inhibitor. Patients will visit the office at baseline, weeks 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 48. Patients will also be visited daily by the social worker (or designee) to observe patients taking their antiretroviral therapy for 6 months. After six months of direct observed therapy patients will be given a diary card to record administration of medications and the social worker ( or designee) will visit the home twice weekly. If the patient experiences a change in therapy secondary to virologic failure, the patient will return to baseline visit for the new once a day regimen. Virologic failure will be defined as \< .5 log drop between each visit or \> 400 copies/mL at week 24 on two separate occasions at least 14 days apart
Anorexia, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, or occasional diarrhea may occur (17%).

Isolated cases of reactivated peptic ulcer have occurred, as have hepatic dysfunction including hepatic failure, and pancreatitis. Intrahepatic cholestasis and toxic hepatitis have been reported rarely. There have been a few reports of increased serum alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, and positive cephalin flocculation and thymol turbidity tests.

Some patients may report a blunting, diminution, or total loss of taste perception (12%); or may develop oral ulcerations. Although rare, cheilosis, glossitis, and gingivostomatitis have been reported (see PRECAUTIONS).

Gastrointestinal side effects are usually reversible following cessation of therapy.
The present invention relates to three novel cancer related genes, Nmi, Omi and Rim. The Nmi gene encodes a myc gene product-binding protein. The Omi gene encodes a mammalian serine protease protein comprising an amino terminal regulatory domain, which includes a signal peptidase site, a triple repeat motif, an SH3 binding domain, and a consensus Mxi2/p38 kinase phosphorylation site, and a carboxy terminus serine protease catalytic domain. The retinoblastoma-interacting myosin-like gene (Rim gene) encodes a retinoblastoma binding protein comprising two leucine zipper structures, an RB family binding motif, an E1A/CtBP binding motif, and four nuclear localization sequences. Described herein are isolated and antisense nucleic acids molecules, recombinant expression vectors, host cells and non-human transgenic animals containing an insertion or a disruption of the Nmi, Omi and Rim genes. Diagnostic, screening and therapeutic methods utilizing the compositions of the invention are also provided.
INTRODUCTION: Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for urinary incontinence (UI) is recommended in combination with biofeedback to visualize pelvic floor muscles. The focus is on non-invasive hand-held ultrasound (US) measurement methods for PFMT, which can be performed at home. Recently, self-performed US measurements in which the patient applies the US to themself have gradually spreading. This study aimed to develop an educational program for the biofeedback method using self-performed US and to evaluate its feasibility.
METHODS: This study was an observational study. The ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) was utilized to create an e-learning program for women aged ≥40 years with UI. Participants self-performed bladder US via e-learning, using a hand-held US device with a convex probe. The primary outcome was the number of times the bladder area was successfully extracted using an existing automatic bladder area extraction system. The secondary outcome was the total score of the technical evaluation of the self-performed US, which was evaluated across three proficiency levels. Descriptive statistics were conducted for participant characteristics, presenting categorical variables as percentages and continuous variables as means ± SD.
RESULTS: We included 11 participants with a mean age of 56.2 years. Nine participants were able to record US videos, and two were unable to record bladder videos. Regarding the technical evaluation scores, all participants scored ≥80%; four had perfect scores.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that transabdominal self-performed bladder US can be performed in 81.8% of women with UI in their 40-60s by using an e-learning program.
At present, there are no clear guidelines as to when antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection should be stopped in the setting of elevated liver enzymes. In large part, this is due to a limited understanding of the natural history of antiretroviral-related hepatotoxicity. Although several antiretrovirals have been reported to cause fatal acute hepatitis, more often they cause an asymptomatic elevation in transaminase levels, the optimal management of which is uncertain. This pilot study seeks to create a foundation for research on the impact of antiretroviral-induced liver injury by providing an estimate of the prevalence of hepatic fibrosis in a cohort of sixty HIV-infected patients who have chronically elevated transaminases while on antiretroviral therapy in the absence of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) or C (HCV) coinfection. Liver biopsy specimens will be evaluated for fibrosis by microscopic examination, the current gold standard for assessing the nature and severity of liver disease.\[1\] The presence of fibrosis, as well as other histopathology, will be described using a validated scoring system. Primarily, this will be a crosssectional study, but subjects will be offered the opportunity to participate in an extended follow-up period and undergo another liver biopsy. Individuals will not be excluded on the basis of alcohol abuse, insulin resistance, or lipodystrophy, but data will be collected on these potentially confounding variables. Noninvasive measures, such as transient elastography (an ultrasonic technique), will be assessed for their ability to predict fibrosis in this population. Correlations will also be sought with laboratory markers of fibrosis. The identification of fibrosis (and its precursors) in association with antiretroviral therapy may be very clinically relevant as it may slowly regress with cessation of the causal agent(s). If the causal agent is continued, however, cirrhosis may develop, the reversal of which is thought to be rare.
The present invention relates to a technology for protecting unstable active ingredients from external factors such as light, oxygen, moisture, and temperature through encapsulation of resveratrol. The technology is for preventing oxidation of the active ingredients, improving stability and preservability, and enhancing physical properties as well as preparation processes. By utilizing the encapsulation using a drug delivery system (DDS) using nano-technologies, solubility can be improved through nano-scale particles while increasing the in-vivo absorption rate and enhancing the stable delivery to target organs for enhancing the bioavailability. A resveratrol solution is dissolved in 100% ethanol before using the chitosan and poly-glutamic acid (PGA) as base coating materials of nano-capsules in order to prepare the chitosan/PGA nano-particles. The specific method for preparing the nano-particles includes the steps of: (1) dissolving the resveratrol solution in 100% ethanol; (2) sufficiently dispersing the resveratrol solution in a chitosan solution and keep stirring the mixture at 1,000 rpm to prepare the chitosan/PGA nano-capsules containing the resveratrol; and (3) using a peristaltic pump to drop the PGA solution to the mixture of the chitosan and the resveratrol solution at the same time at a predetermined rate of 1.0 mL/min for preparing the chitosan/PGA nano-capsules containing the resveratrol. The size of the chitosan/PGA nano-capsules containing the resveratrol is 100-150 nm.
Provided are compositions, combinations, and methods and uses for treating a subject having a tumor or lesion, including those not responsive or resistant to prior therapeutic treatments, such as prior immune checkpoint inhibitor treatments. In some aspects, the methods include administering to the subject a targeting molecule that binds CTLA-4 conjugated with phthalocyanine dye, such as IR700. In some cases, the methods include administering an immune modulatory agent. The tumor or lesion, in some cases, a first tumor, is illuminated with a wavelength of light suitable for the activation of the phthalocyanine dye of the conjugate. The provided methods and uses provide for growth inhibition, volume reduction, and elimination of tumors and tumor cells including primary tumors, metastatic tumor cells, and/or invasive tumor cells. Also provided are compositions, combinations, methods and uses for provoking or enhancing systemic and local immune responses and for synergistic responses against tumor growth.
The healthcare industry is one of the main industries with a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Surgical practice mostly involves repetitive tasks with fine motor control, precise motions, high levels of mental concentration, and close visual focus. This cross-sectional study aimed to define the prevalence and risk factors of MSDs and visual problems among physicians. One hundred surgical physicians and one hundred medical physicians were involved in the study. Both groups underwent assessment of socio-demographic and occupational history, alongside evaluation for musculoskeletal and visual problems. The study revealed a significantly higher prevalence of MSDs, particularly neck and back pain, as well as blurred near vision and eye dryness, among surgical physicians compared to medical physicians. Risk factors for these conditions included long working hours (≥30 h/week) in clinics or operating rooms, as well as using endoscopes and microscopes/loupes during surgery. In conclusion, MSDs and visual problems were prevalent among physicians, particularly surgical physicians. Integrating ergonomic principles across all domains of healthcare and promoting healthcare worker awareness through training and intervention programs are crucial steps in addressing these issues.
BACKGROUND: The study compared the readability, grade level, understandability, actionability, and accuracy of standard patient educational material against artificial intelligence chatbot-derived patient educational material regarding cirrhosis.
METHODS: An identical standardized phrase was used to generate patient educational materials on cirrhosis from 4 large language model-derived chatbots (ChatGPT, DocsGPT, Google Bard, and Bing Chat), and the outputs were compared against a pre-existing human-derived educational material (Epic). Objective scores for readability and grade level were determined using Flesch-Kincaid and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook scoring systems. 14 patients/caregivers and 8 transplant hepatologists were blinded and independently scored the materials on understandability and actionability and indicated whether they believed the material was human or artificial intelligence-generated. Understandability and actionability were determined using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials. Transplant hepatologists also provided medical accuracy scores.
RESULTS: Most educational materials scored similarly in readability and grade level but were above the desired sixth-grade reading level. All educational materials were deemed understandable by both groups, while only the human-derived educational material (Epic) was considered actionable by both groups. No significant difference in perceived actionability or understandability among the educational materials was identified. Both groups poorly identified which materials were human-derived versus artificial intelligence-derived.
CONCLUSIONS: Chatbot-derived patient educational materials have comparable readability, grade level, understandability, and accuracy to human-derived materials. Readability, grade level, and actionability may be appropriate targets for improvement across educational materials on cirrhosis. Chatbot-derived patient educational materials show promise, and further studies should assess their usefulness in clinical practice.
Participants receive one placebo chewable tablet QD for 3 weeks. After a 2-week washout period, participants receive one montelukast 5 mg chewable tablet QD for 3 weeks.
The study is a prospective, multicenter, hospital-based study on secondary prevention for patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases between May 2014 and June 2015. Physicians from 24 hospitals in Beijing underwent a standard secondary prevention training of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases by professional training, instruction manuals, stratification management software. In order to improve the persistence of taking preventive secondary medicine, IS patients from these 24 hospitals received healthy education through manuals and Digital Video Disc about health education during hospitalization and acquired secondary preventive knowledge of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases through regular health education messages during 6 months after discharge. Patients with IS from other 6 hospitals were used as a control, and no such intervention was given to them.

Telephone follow-up was performed at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after the onset of cerebral infarction, during which the use of antiplatelet and statins drugs and recurrence of IS were recorded. Patients who took antiplatelet drugs or statins at three follow-ups were regarded as persistent antiplatelet drugs or statins taking within one year after the onset of the disease. The main prognostic indicator was the recurrence of IS and persistence of statins medication within 1 year, and the main purpose was to explore the impact of persistent statins use on IS recurrence.
Takayasu's arteritis is a rare large vessel vasculitis typically affecting young Asian women. It causes inflammation of the aorta and its major branches, leading to stenosis and aneurysmal dilations, and increasing cardiovascular morbidity due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Although glucocorticoids are effective for acute disease control and preliminary data on immunosuppressive drugs are promising, standardized treatment protocols are lacking. The use of prophylactic treatments with antihypertensives, antiplatelets, anticoagulants, and lipid-lowering drugs to prevent thrombotic and ischemic complications remains debated. This study reviews the evidence on the effectiveness of non-immunosuppressive medical therapy in Takayasu's arteritis. A search of the PubMed database identified eleven studies involving 204 patients. Antiplatelets: data on 68 patients were mixed, in fact low-dose aspirin did not prevent major cardiovascular events in 36 patients, but higher doses reduced ischemic complications in 24 patients. Anticoagulants: no data on new oral anticoagulants were available, and vitamin K antagonists in 9 patients did not alter cardiovascular complications. Antihypertensives: ACE-inhibitors controlled blood pressure in patients with renovascular hypertension but increased the risk of acute renal function decline, while β-blockers reduced the symptoms and the progression of myocardial hypertrophy in patients with heart failure and aortic regurgitation. Statins: data from two cohorts showed that while statins reduced the recurrence rate of arteritis in 30 patients, they did not affect recurrence rates or cardiovascular complications in 13 patients. Overall, current evidence, although not definitive, supports the use of non-immunosuppressive medical treatments to prevent long-term complications and damage in Takayasu's arteritis, considering the disease's pathophysiological mechanisms and increased cardiovascular risk. Further research is strongly encouraged.
PURPOSE: A pharmaceutical composition containing 2-phenyl-4-[3-(substituted-sulfonyl)anilino]quinazoline derivative is provided to effectively suppress hepatitis C virus proliferation with less toxicity and to prevent and treat hepatitis. CONSTITUTION: A 2-phenyl-4-[3-(substituted-sulfonyl)anilino]quinazoline derivative is denoted by chemical formula 1. A method for preparing the derivative comprises a step of reacting a compound of chemical formula 2 with an amine compound of chemical formula 3 in solvent. The solvent is alcohol of C1-C4, tetrahydrofuran, deoxane, or dimethyl formamide. The reaction is performed at 0-80°C for 1-24 hours or 50-80°C for 1-3 days. A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating hepatitis type C contains the derivative or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Subjects swill be asked to use one spray in one nostril 4 times daily (9AM, 1PM, 5PM and 9 PM). The spray can be taken with or without food. Subjects will take 4 sprays daily of the placebo for the entire study.
This is a single-arm, open-label, dose-escalation phase I clinical study to explore the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic characteristics of Human CD19-CD22 Targeted T Cells Injection. To preliminary observe the effect of Human CD19-CD22 Targeted T Cells Injection in relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and to explore the clinically applicable dose and reinfusion regimen for phase II.

Participants with relapsed/refractory B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia can participate if all eligibility criteria are met. Tests required to determine eligibility include disease assessments, a physical exam, Electrocardiograph, Computedtomography （CT）/ Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) / Positron Emission Tomography（PET）, and blood draws. Participants receive chemotherapy prior to the infusion of CD19-CD22 CAR+ T cells. After the infusion, participants will be followed for side effects and effect of CD19-CD22 CAR+ T cells. Study procedures may be performed while hospitalized.
Risk Summary 

Based on the mechanism of action, ELREXFIO may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. There are no available data on the use of ELREXFIO in pregnant women to evaluate for a drug associated risk. No animal reproductive or developmental toxicity studies have been conducted with ELREXFIO. Elranatamab-bcmm causes T-cell activation and cytokine release; immune activation may compromise pregnancy maintenance. In addition, based on the finding of B-cell depletion in non-pregnant animals, elranatamab-bcmm can cause B-cell lymphocytopenia in infants exposed to elranatamab-bcmm in-utero. Human immunoglobulin (IgG) is known to cross the placenta after the first trimester of pregnancy; therefore, elranatamab-bcmm has the potential to be transmitted from the mother to the developing fetus. Advise women of the potential risk to the fetus.

ELREXFIO is associated with hypogammaglobulinemia, therefore, assessment of immunoglobulin levels in newborns of mothers treated with ELREXFIO should be considered.

In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
Study Participants will consume 2 to 3.5 corn tortillas (12-15 cm in diameter each) with a total serving of 25 grams of available carbohydrate. Blood will be sampled via capillary at time-point 0 (before the product is consumed), and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after consumption to determine blood glucose concentrations using a glucometer.
Given the primary CNS effects of paliperidone , INVEGA should be used with caution in combination with other centrally acting drugs and alcohol. Paliperidone may antagonize the effect of levodopa and other dopamine agonists. [see , )] Adverse Reactions (6.16.2®

Because of its potential for inducing orthostatic hypotension, an additive effect may be observed when INVEGA is administered with other therapeutic agents that have this potential . ®[see ] Warnings and Precautions (5.9)

Paliperidone is not expected to cause clinically important pharmacokinetic interactions with drugs that are metabolized by cytochrome P450 isozymes. studies in human liver microsomes showed that paliperidone does not substantially inhibit the metabolism of drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 isozymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8/9/10, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5. Therefore, paliperidone is not expected to inhibit clearance of drugs that are metabolized by these metabolic pathways in a clinically relevant manner. Paliperidone is also not expected to have enzyme inducing properties. In vitro

Paliperidone is a weak inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) at high concentrations. No data are available and the clinical relevance is unknown. in vivo

Pharmacokinetic interaction between lithium and INVEGA is unlikely. ®

In a drug interaction study, co-administration of INVEGA (12 mg once daily for 5 days) with divalproex sodium extended-release tablets (500 mg to 2000 mg once daily) did not affect the steady-state pharmacokinetics (AUC and C ) of valproate in 13 patients stabilized on valproate. In a clinical study, subjects on stable doses of valproate had comparable valproate average plasma concentrations when INVEGA 3–15 mg/day was added to their existing valproate treatment. ®24hmax,ss®