anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets may produce physical dependence from continued therapy. Physical dependence is a state that develops as a result of physiological adaptation in response to repeated drug use, manifested by withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dose reduction of a drug. Abrupt discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction of benzodiazepines or administration of flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, may precipitate acute withdrawal reactions, including seizures, which can be life-threatening. Patients at an increased risk of withdrawal adverse reactions after benzodiazepine discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction include those who take higher dosages (i.e., higher and/or more frequent doses) and those who have had longer durations of use (see WARNINGS: Dependence and Withdrawal Reactions).

To reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions, use a gradual taper to discontinue clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets or reduce the dosage (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Discontinuation or Dosage Reduction of Clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets and WARNINGS: Dependence and Withdrawal Reactions).   


Acute Withdrawal Signs and Symptoms   


Acute withdrawal signs and symptoms associated with benzodiazepines have included abnormal involuntary movements, anxiety, blurred vision, depersonalization, depression, derealization, dizziness, fatigue, gastrointestinal adverse reactions (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, decreased appetite), headache, hyperacusis, hypertension, irritability, insomnia, memory impairment, muscle pain and stiffness, panic attacks, photophobia, restlessness, tachycardia, and tremor. More severe acute withdrawal signs and symptoms, including life-threatening reactions, have included catatonia, convulsions, delirium tremens, depression, hallucinations, mania, psychosis, seizures and suicidality.

Protracted Withdrawal Syndrome

Protracted withdrawal syndrome associated with benzodiazepines is characterized by anxiety, cognitive impairment, depression, insomnia, formication, motor symptoms (e.g., weakness, tremor, muscle twitches), paresthesia, and tinnitus that persists beyond 4 to 6 weeks after initial benzodiazepine withdrawal. Protracted withdrawal symptoms may last weeks to more than 12 months. As a result, there may be difficulty in differentiating withdrawal symptoms from potential re-emergence or continuation of symptoms for which the benzodiazepine was being used.
Dose finding: Patients receive quizartinib PO QD on days 1-28 and venetoclax PO QD beginning on day 8 of cycle 1. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 24 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients may continue treatment beyond 24 cycles at the discretion of the treating physician.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for preparing extracts from plants, and to provide hair-growing agents, hair restoring agents, cosmetics, foods and functional foods comprising the plant extracts.  <P>SOLUTION: The plant extracts are prepared by soaking plants with water, steaming the soaked plants, grinding the steamed plants and boiling the ground plants. Concretely, Pleurotus cornucopiae is soaked in water (a water-soaking step), subsequently transferred into a thermostatic bath having a temperature of about 85°C and a humidity of about 90% and incubated therein (a steaming step). Then, water used in the water-soaking step, Pleurotus cornucopiae in the thermostatic bath, and water in the thermostatic bath generated in the steaming step are put into a grinder set at about 40°C and are ground. Subsequently, the ground Pleurotus cornucopiae is boiled under a condition that the temperature in the container is about 85-90°C. Extracts from Pleurotus cornucopiae or extracts from Peucedanum deltoideum obtained by the preparation method are provided as hair-growing agents, hair restoring agents, cosmetics, foods and functional foods in an appropriate form.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Azathioprine Maintenance: 2mg/kg/day with standardised steroid taper, from month 4 (randomisation) (200 mg maximum daily dose). Azathioprine withdrawn at month 27.
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a common diagnosis with significant clinical impact. Although medical therapy exists, many patients on optimal medical treatment are still highly symptomatic. About 1/3 of these patients have a condition known as "dyssynchrony", where the walls of the heart beat in an uncoordinated way, causing worsening of CHF symptoms. A newer therapy known as cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been successful in decreasing symptoms in these dyssynchronous patients. It involves surgical placement of a pacemaker containing 3 wires- one in the top part of the heart (atrium) to coordinate the top and bottom parts of the heart beat, and two on the bottom to coordinate the bottom parts of the heart beat (ventricles). This treatment, however, does not work for up to 1/3 of patients with dyssynchrony.

Recent studies have found that CHF is associated with increased oxidative stress. This is a condition where abnormal oxygen forms are produced. These forms harm the cells of the heart, causing them to beat abnormally and causing damage to the heart muscle. We would like to see if levels of these forms improve after CRT, and if they can be measured early after surgery to predict who will and who will not benefit from surgery.

In this study, we will compare blood markers of oxidative stress between patients with CHF and an already-collected set of control patients to confirm these levels are elevated at baseline. Then, we will perform CRT surgery and implant pacemakers in the CHF patients. At 1 week and 3 months postoperatively, we will measure blood markers again, and see if they have improved in patients whose symptoms have improved. Patients will undergo echocardiograms to document their abnormal hearts, do a 6 minute hall walk to measure their exercise tolerance, and take a standardized questionnaire to measure their symptoms of CHF. These test results will be compared pre and post CRT to assess response to therapy.
The present invention relates to a recombinant soluble T cell receptor. The T  cell receptor (TCR) is refolded and comprises a recombinant TCR .alpha. or .gamma. chain extracellular domain having a first heterologous C-terminal dimerisation peptide; and a recombinant TCR .beta. or .delta. chain extracellular domain having a second C-terminal dimerisation peptide which is specifically heterodimerised with the first dimerisation peptide to form a heterodimerisation domain, which may be a coiled coil domain. The invention also provides nucleic acid sequences encoding the recombinant TCR and a method for producing the recombinant TCR. The TCR may be labelled with a detectable label so as to enable the detection of specific MHC-peptide complexes.  Alternatively, it can be linked to a therapeutic agent such as a cytotoxic agent or an immunostimulating agent so as to deliver such an agent to the site of a specific MHC-peptide complex.
The Department of Anesthesiology is conducting a clinical trial to evaluate if pregabalin given prior to and for several days after Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) will reduce the prevalence of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) at late postoperative times. The prevalence of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is 13% at 6 months post-surgery. CRPS is a painful debilitating condition, with 4 main classes of symptoms : sensory, including burning, allodynia, and hyperalgesia in the affected limb; vasomotor, including temperature asymmetry and skin color changes; edema and sudomotor, including sweating; and movement disorders and dystrophy, including decreased range of motion, motor dysfunction (weakness, tremor, dystonia) and changes in hair, nails or skin.

Gabapentin and the related more potent compound pregabalin have been shown to reduce postoperative pain in animal models. Pregabalin also reduces neuropathic pain in rats. In patients, gabapentin has been administered before surgery to treat postoperative pain. In addition, pregabalin has been given postoperatively to reduce dental pain after molar extraction. Gabapentin has been used for many years in patients with neuropathic pain, including reflex sympathetic dystrophy. More recently, pregabalin has also been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of neuropathic pain. However, no clinical study has investigated whether perioperative administration of gabapentin or pregabalin can reduce persistent long-term pain syndromes e.g. CRPS.Subjects between the ages of 21 and 80 will be recruited after obtaining an Informed Consent.
Disclosed are compositions for incorporating nucleic acid into a cell. Transgene constructs that include a desired nucleic acid sequence of interest may be injected into a cell together with a protein to provide site specific or random incorporation of the nucleic acid sequence into the chromosomal DNA of the cell. The transgene construct and the protein are included in the described compositions together, with the protein facilitating the incorporation of the nucleic acid sequence of interest within the transgene construct, directly into the nucleic acid of a cell in a site-specific manner. In other embodiments, the compositions include a transgene construct and an expression construct, the expression construct including a nucleic acid sequence that encodes an enzyme capable of facilitating the incorporation of the transgene sequence of interest into a cell. The invention further includes methods for incorporating a foreign nucleic acid into a cell employing a microinjection method. In particular embodiments, the method may be employed to introduce foreign nucleic acid into cells that grow in a non-adherent state. In these applications, the cells are immobilized onto a substrate surface that includes an adherent molecule, such as fibronectin. Alternatively, the cells may be stabilized sufficiently to permit microinjection using holding pipettes or through the stimulation of the cells themselves to express molecules on their surface which bind chemical entities included at the surface of a culture plate.
BACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation (SD) is a common public health problem that contributes to various physiological disorders and increases the risk of ocular diseases. However, whether sleep loss can damage corneal endothelial function remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect and possible mechanism of SD on the corneal endothelium.
METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to establish SD models. After 10 days, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot or immunostaining for the expression levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), ATPase Na+/K + transporting subunit alpha 1 (Atp1a1), and core clock genes in the corneal endothelium were evaluated. Reactive oxygen species staining and mitochondrial abundance characterized the mitochondrial function. The regulatory role of Bmal1 was confirmed by specifically knocking down or overexpressing basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 protein (Bmal1) in vivo. In vitro, a mitochondrial stress test was conducted on cultured human corneal endothelial cells upon Bmal1 knockdown.
RESULTS: SD damaged the barrier and pump functions of mouse corneal endothelium, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, SD dramatically downregulated the core clock gene Bmal1 expression level. Bmal1 knockdown disrupted corneal endothelial function, while overexpression of Bmal1 ameliorated the dysfunction induced by SD. Mitochondrial bioenergetic deficiency mediated by Bmal1 was an underlying mechanism for SD induced corneal endothelial dysfunction.
CONCLUSION: The downregulation of Bmal1 expression caused by SD led to corneal endothelial dysfunction via impairing mitochondrial bioenergetics. Our findings offered insight into how SD impairs the physiological function of the corneal endothelium and expanded the understanding of sleep loss leading to ocular diseases.
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Postpartum urinary incontinence (UI) is common and a concern for many women, as UI leads to a lower quality of life and self-esteem. Perineal tears may be a risk factor for UI, yet few studies have investigated the association between the degree of perineal tear and risk of developing UI postpartum. The objective was to examine how the degree of perineal tear and selected obstetric risk factors were associated with any UI and stress ultrasound (SUI) 12 months postpartum among primiparous women.
METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted at four Danish hospitals. Baseline data were obtained at a clinical examination 2 weeks postpartum. Symptoms of UI were evaluated 12 months postpartum by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form questionnaire (web-based). Multivariate regression analyses were performed to investigate the risk factors for UI.
RESULTS: A total of 603 primiparous women (203 with none/labia/first-degree tears, 200 with second-degree tears and 200 with third-/fourth-degree tears) were included between July 2015 and January 2018. Women with tears involving the perineal muscles reported any UI more often than women with no/labia or first-degree tears (spontaneous second-degree tear: RR 2.04, 95% CI 0.92-4.50; episiotomy: RR 2.22, 95% CI 0.99-4.96; third- or fourth-degree tear: RR 2.73, 95% CI 1.18-6.28). The same was found for SUI, but with wider confidence intervals.
CONCLUSIONS: A higher prevalence of any UI and SUI was found among women with perineal tears involving any perineal muscles, compared with women with no, labia, or first-degree tears.
PURPOSE: Percutaneous transhepatic one-step biliary fistulation (PTOBF) is used to treat choledocholithiasis and biliary stricture. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided PTOBF combined with rigid choledochoscopy in the treatment of recurrent hepatolithiasis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical data of 37 consecutive patients who underwent PTOBF combined with rigid choledochoscopy for RHL from March 2020 to March 2022 at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of 68 percutaneous transhepatic punctures were performed in 37 patients, with a puncture success rate of 85.29% (58/68) and a dilatation success rate of 100.00% (58/58). The mean blood loss of operation was 9.84 ± 18.10 mL, the mean operation time was 82.05 ± 31.92 min, and the mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 5.59 ± 3.26 days. The initial stone clearance rate was 40.54% (15/37) and the final stone clearance rate was 100% (37/37). The incidence of postoperative complications was 10.81% (4/37), including 2 cases of pleural effusion, 1 case of hemorrhage, and 1 case of cholangitis, which recovered after treatment. During a mean follow-up period of 23 months (range 12 to 36 months), only 1 patient experienced stone recurrence.
CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided PTOBF combined with rigid choledochoscopy in the treatment of RHL based on skilful manipulation seems to be a safe, effective and minimally invasive method with clinical application value. Further comparative studies with large sample sizes are needed in the future to confirm the reliability of its therapeutic results.
A topical opioid paradigm was developed to determine analgesic peripheral effects of morphine. Topical morphine as well as peptides such as [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAMGO) produced a potent, dose-dependent analgesia using the radiant heat tailflick assay.  The topical drugs potentiated systemic agents, similar to the previously established synergy between peripheral and central sites of action.  Local tolerance was rapidly produced by repeated daily topical exposure to morphine. Topical morphine tolerance was effectively blocked by the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors antagonist MK801 and ketamine given either systemically or topically. NMDA receptor antagonists reversed pre-existing morphine tolerance. The activity of topical NMDA antagonists to block local morphine tolerance suggests that peripheral NMDA receptors mediate topical morphine tolerance. Morphine was cross tolerant to [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAMGO), but not to morphine-6,8-glucuronide, implying different mechanisms of action. These observations have great importance in the design and use of opioids clinically. Topical pharmaceutical compositions comprising an analgesic that functions through an opiate receptor and an NMDA receptor antagonist for producing analgesia without inducing tolerance are described.
OBJECTIVE: Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma mainly affects children. Excessive weight gain is a major long-term complication. The primary objective of this study was to assess long-term weight changes in children treated for craniopharyngioma. The secondary objectives were to identify risk factors for excessive weight gain and to look for associations with hypothalamic damage by the tumour or treatment.
DESIGN: Single-centre retrospective cohort study.
METHOD: Children managed for craniopharyngioma at our centre between 1990 and 2019 were included. The body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores (SDS) at baseline and at last follow-up were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in order to identify variables associated with the long-term BMI-SDS variation.
RESULTS: The 108 patients had a mean follow-up of 10.4 years. The mean BMI-SDS increase over time was 2.11 (P < .001) overall, 1.21 (P < .001) in the group without hypothalamic involvement by the tumour, and 1.95 (P < .001) in the group managed using intended hypothalamus-sparing surgery. The absence of hypothalamic involvement by the tumour or treatment was significantly associated with less weight gain (P = .046 and P < .01, respectively). After adjustment, factors associated with a BMI-SDS change greater than 2 were female sex (P = .023), tumour involving the hypothalamus (P = .04), and higher baseline BMI (P < .001).
CONCLUSION: Clinically significant weight gain occurred in nearly all children treated for craniopharyngioma, including those whose hypothalamus was spared by the tumour and intentionally by treatment. However, hypothalamus integrity was associated with less weight gain. Despite hypothalamus-sparing strategies, hypothalamic obesity remains a major concern, indicating a need for novel treatment approaches.
INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to understand the experience of iron deficiency anaemia requiring oral iron in pregnancy and the factors affecting compliance with oral iron supplementation. Participants' understanding regarding the possible consequences of anaemia in pregnancy was also explored. Feedback on a proposed randomised controlled trial of daily versus alternate day oral iron in pregnancy was sought.
MATERIALS & METHODS: Following ethical approval, fourteen semi-structured one-to-one interviews were carried out using an interview tool with open-ended questions. Recruitment was carried out through social media and from an antenatal out-patient setting. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.
RESULTS: Fatigue emerged as a predominant and troubling symptom. Awareness was often highlighted through friends/family and from healthcare professionals, particularly in first pregnancies. Knowledge surrounding the potential short-term and long-term adverse consequences of untreated anaemia however was limited. Gastro-intestinal side-effects, a previous experience of poor tolerance and forgetfulness all negatively impacted compliance with oral iron supplementation in pregnancy. Routine, a perceived improvement in fatigue with supplementation and reduced dose frequency recurred as themes which positively affected compliance. Pregnancy as a motivating factor recurred as a theme in analysis. The role of diet was felt to be important. Knowledge of iron-rich foods and absorption aids and inhibitors was good, but practice on optimal ingestion of oral iron supplementation varied. Feedback on trial acceptability was positive with the benefit of extra supportive care noted. Incorporating study visits with routine care was advised in view of time constraints. This area of research was perceived as important.
CONCLUSION: In order to successfully reduce the rates of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy, it is crucial that all factors affecting compliance with oral iron are considered. Providing women with the important information on the possible consequences of sub optimally treated anaemia may help to improve this public health issue.
Forty-two Obgyn providers will be randomized into 1 of three arms. Patients of enrolled providers who attend an ObGyn clinic for any preventative visit will complete an electronic history form (eHxForm) before clinic through a message sent through the patient portal (MyChart), email, or secure text messaging. The sexual history questions will be scored and categorized into 3 categories. Patients with a low score (0-3) will receive an electronic message offering a laboratory HIV test per USPSTF guidelines. If she accepts, then an automated Epic order will be placed for the provider to sign during the office visit.

Patients with a medium/high score (4-10) will be assigned a study arm based on their provider's group (arm 1: control, arm 2: patient will view score and a PrEP video, arm 3: procedures in arm 2 PLUS providers will receive an electronic health record alert that the patient may have HIV risk factors. This will occur automatically via programming integrated into the electronic health record. The primary outcome is PrEP uptake. The implementation strategy will be evaluated using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework.
Compositions for the treatment of periodontitis and methods of use thereof are described. The compositions contain a polymer-iodine complex. The polymer-iodine complex can be suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in which the complex is stable and the iodine is stable in its elemental form and/or a combined form (e.g., iodine-iodide complex). In one embodiment, the complex is prepared by the reacting a synthetic or semi-synthetic ionic polymer, with iodine and/or an iodide. The complex will preferably deliver iodine over an extended period of time for example over several days (e.g., at least 3 days, preferably at least 4 days, more preferably at least 5 days, most preferably at least 6 days), preferably at least a week, more preferably at least two weeks. In one embodiment, the polymer-iodine complex forms a gel, alone or by the addition of one or more gelling agents, upon administration into a periodontal pocket. The polymer-iodine complex, or a gel containing the complex can also contain one or more additional active agents and/or pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The composition is preferably formulated so that it can be administered by injection.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a highly safe iron absorption promoter having suitability to food processing and excellent activity for promoting iron absorption.  <P>SOLUTION: The iron absorption promoter contains an acidic xylooligosaccharide having at least one uronic acid residue in one molecule as a side chain as an active ingredient. Preferably, the iron absorption promoter contains the acidic xylooligosaccharide having 2.0-15.0 average polymerization degree. Also preferably, the uronic acid is glucuronic acid or 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid. The iron absorption promoter preferably contains an iron compound. The iron compound is preferably one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of iron chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferrous citrate, iron ammonium citrate, iron glucuronate, ferric glucuronate, iron and sodium succinate citrate, iron lactate, iron chondroitin sulfate, ferrous fumarate and iron pyrophosphate in the iron absorption promoter.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT