anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The KD is an alternative feeding regimen that has been in use since 1921. It is a high fat, low carbohydrate and moderate protein diet. There are various forms of the KD. The classic KD consists of long-chain triglycerides with a fat-to-combined-protein-and-carbohydrate ratio that can vary. At our institution, it is standard of care to initiate a ketogenic diet at a ratio of 2:1, and to increase the ratio to 3:1 or 4:1 as needed to achieve ketosis. Clinically, the KD has been proven to be an effective therapy in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy, as well as for those with type II diabetes. In addition, an international consensus was published in 2009 that recommended the use of the KD to treat epilepsy refractory as an alternative to at least two antiepileptic medications. Before initiating the KD for epilepsy management, labs such as urine and blood ketones, blood glucose and a basic metabolic panel including magnesium are commonly recommended. Risks for long-term use of the KD include but are not limited to the following: hypercholesterolemia, mineral deficiencies, acidosis, constipation, weight loss and nephrolithiasis. However, short-term use should significantly limit the occurrence of these potential complications.
PURPOSE:To obtain a compound Q-20457-A, having antagonistic action on cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptors and useful for treating, etc., gastrin-sensitive diseases in digestive organs by culturing a microorganism, which belongs to the genus Aspergillus and capable of producing a compound Q-20547-A. CONSTITUTION:A microorganism, which belongs to the genus Aspergillus and having the ability to produce a compound Q-20547-A[e.g. Aspergillus sp. Q20547 (FERM P-13662] is inoculated into a culture medium and subjected to shaking culture at 28 deg.C for 48hr to provide a seed culture solution, which is then inoculated into a liquid culture medium and subjected to the shaking culture at 28 deg.C for 120hr to afford a culture solution. The resultant culture solution is then filtered to separate a microbial cell. Acetone is subsequently added to extract the separated the microbial cell. An aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate and ethyl acetate are added to the obtained microbial cell extract and the prepared mixture is thoroughly stirred to separate an ethyl acetate layer, which is then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained extract is passed through a silica gel column and purified to afford the objective compound Q-20457-A (salt) specified by the planar structural formula of the formula.
The medicamentous form is designed for the medical practice. It is of higher stability and longer shelf life. The composition of the medicamentous form includes the active substances of ascorbic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, paracetomol or combination thereof, and the supplementary substances of adipinic acid, anhydrous citric acid, anhydrous sodium dihydrogencitrate, sodium bicarbonate, dry sodium carbonate, colloid silicon dioxide, saccharine sodium, povidon. Optionally it also contains a dyestuff, aromatizers, disodium editate, polyethyleneglycol 4000. By the method alkaline and acidic granulate is produced which are mixed in specified ratios and are optionally tabletized. The active substance or the active substances are included in the acidic or alkaline granulate, or directly to the mixture of the two granulates, and in the latter case they are homogenized with colloid silicon dioxide in advance. 4 claims
Background: Pre-visit planning entails completing necessary tasks prior to clinic appointments. Community pharmacists (CPs) have unique knowledge about patients' medication use but do not routinely provide drug therapy reviews before clinic visits. Objectives: (1) Create and implement a business partnership between a CP and family medicine clinic (FMC) for CP provision of pre-visit medication reviews, and (2) describe the billing experience for shared patients in the FMC chronic care management (CCM) program. Methods: A prospective 8-month study in one community pharmacy and FMC in Iowa. Eligible patients were enrolled in the clinic CCM program and received their prescriptions at the CP. CPs were granted access to the clinic electronic health record (EHR), performed medication reviews, and recorded drug therapy recommendations (DTRs) in the clinic EHR. FMC physicians reviewed CP DTRs before the patient encounter. Time tracking software in the EHR recorded CP and FMC time performing CCM services. CCM revenue was prorated between parties. FMC physicians completed a survey about their experience. Results: Overall, there were 129 CP reviews performed for 95 patients. These reviews resulted in 169 DTRs and 76% were accepted by the physician. There were 71 CCM claims billed and CCM revenue was $3596 ($1796 FMC, $1800 CP). More than 90% of physicians (N = 11) indicated they reviewed CP DTRs before the patient encounter and agreed they were helpful to their practice. Conclusion: CPs completed pre-visit medication reviews and made accepted medication therapy recommendations. CCM billing provided a mechanism for CPs to receive revenue for their services.
The intervention in arm B was the same as in arm A, consisting in a package of combination of TB/HIV prevention activities, including active case finding (ACF) for TB and Universal Testing and Treatment for HIV delivered in the community. Differently to arm A, in arm B national guidelines on CD4 count were used for ART initiation. During the trial the thresholds for commencement of ART changed from 500 CD count to 350 CD count and then, in 2016, to universal ART regardless of CD4 count.
AIMS: Obesity is a leading contributor to global morbidity and mortality. Short sleep duration is significantly associated with the incidence of obesity, however, it remains unclear whether this relationship is influenced by sex. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the evidence of whether the association between short sleep duration and obesity differs between males and females.
DATA SYNTHESIS: The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023374205). From inception through June 2023, Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for longitudinal cohort studies with minimum 12 months of observation. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment for Cohort Studies. Results were pooled using a random effects model. Results are expressed as ratio of odds ratios (ROR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). ROR directly estimates the relative strength of the association of interest (measured as odds ratio [OR] between females and males). Sensitivity analysis was performed and inconsistency between studies was assessed using I2 statistics. A total of 4582 articles were retrieved with the search strategy, of which 6 were included. The meta-analysis indicated that the association between short sleep duration and obesity incidence was statistically significant in both men [OR 1.26 (95% CI 1.13-1.40)] and women [OR 1.36 (95% CI 1.16-1.59)]. However, it did not differ significantly between sexes ROR (women/men) 1.04 (95%CI 0.79-1.36; I2 20.1%).
CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis indicates that women and men who subjectively report short sleep duration have similarly increased risks of incident obesity.
A device is provided to apply make-up (10) in low-light situations. The device has a body tube (14), with a first and a second end and a intermediate portion therebetween. The first end has a radial cross-section with an inner portion and an annular outer portion. Mounted in the inner portion of the first end is a make-up (10) applying means (16). Surrounding the make-up applying means (16) is an illuminating means (22) for illuminating, positioned in the annular outer poriton of the first end. It is adapted to project the illumination axially outwardly. The illuminating means (22) is power by a powering means (24) is activated by a switch (621). In some embodiments, a second make-up applying means (16) is mounted in the second end.
UNLABELLED: Language disorders may interfere with social integration and affectpersonal development. Beca-use the balance of the stomatognathic system can interfere with language, it is important for speech therapy and dentistry to work together, providing multidisciplinar y Healthcare.
AIM: To analyze the 100 most frequently cited articles on language disorders in children and adolescents and assess the interplay with dentistry by means of a bibliometric analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHOD: A search of the 100 most frequently cited articles up to December 2021 on language disorders was performed in the Web of Science Core Collection database. Four researchers extracted the data on number of citations, title, authors, country, year of publication, journals, study design, prevalent clinical conditions, and area of expertise. The analyses were performed using VOSviewer and Excel.
RESULTS: The total number of citations ranged from 251 to 1,431. Four articles were cited more than 1,000 times. Bishop DVM (10 articles; 3,653 citations) and Tomblin JD (10 articles; 4,261 citations) were the most frequently cited authors. The institutions with the largest number of publications were the University of Oxford/England (11%) and the University of Kansas/USA (8%). Observational study design was the most frequent (77%). Autism spectrum disorder (18%) and dyslexia (14%) were the most broadly investigated clinical conditions. Speech-language pathology (32%) was the area of expertise with the largest number of articles, and none of the top 100 studies showed interplay with dentistry.
CONCLUSION: The 100 most widely cited articles on language disorders are mostly observational, mainly address autism spectrum disorder, and are in the field of speech-language pathology No study reported interplay with dentistry.
In the dose escalation phase, 9 patients will be included in 3 groups with 3 patients as one group. In the dose expansion phase, the concentration of Sapropterin dihydrochloride tablets (BH4) aqueous solution will be performed according to the effective concentration of dose escalation phase, and 9 patients will be enrolled.
BACKGROUND: Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) has been shown to reduce phantom limb pain (PLP) and residual limb pain (RLP) after major limb amputation. However, the effect of the timing of surgery on pain control and quality of life outcomes is controversial. We conducted a retrospective study to compare the outcomes of acute TMR for pain prevention with non-acute TMR for the treatment of established pain.
METHODS: All patients treated with TMR in our institution between January 2018 and December 2021 were evaluated at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post-operatively. Pain intensity and quality of life outcomes were assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory (Pain Severity and Pain Interference scales) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Outcomes were compared between acute and non-acute TMR using the Wilcoxon ranked-sum test or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression was used to account for repeat measures and potential pain confounders.
RESULTS: Thirty-two patients with 38 major limb amputations were included. Acute TMR patients reported significantly lower RLP and PLP scores, pain interference and pain catastrophisation at all time points (p < 0.05). Acute TMR was significantly associated with lower pain severity and pain interference in a linear mixed-effects model accounting for patient age, gender, amputation indication, amputation site, time post-TMR and repeated surveys (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the complication rate (p = 0.51).
CONCLUSION: Acute TMR was associated with clinically and statistically significant pain outcomes that were better than that in non-acute TMR. This suggests that TMR should be performed with preventative intent, when possible, as part of a multidisciplinary approach to pain management, rather than deferred until the development of chronic pain.
PURPOSE:To provide a hair tonic composition containing solvent extract of TOCHU-KASO (fruit body of Cordyceps sinensis) and having extremely effective hair growing and hair tonic activities. CONSTITUTION:The objective hair tonic composition contains preferably 0.00001-30% (based on the hole hair tonic composition) solvent extract of TOCHU-KASO produced by extracting TOCHU-KASO with a solvent preferably selected from methanol, ethanol, butanol, acetone, ethyl ether and water. The composition exhibits strong hair tonic effect when applied to the human scalp or animal skin. For example, the falling off of hair is suppressed, the lanugo hair is thickened, the growth rate of hair is remarkably increased, the dandruff is suppressed and the intchiness of scalp is prevented by the application of the composition to the human scalp. The remarkable increase in the hair growth rate can be achieved by applying the composition to an animal. The extract is non-toxic to human body, etc., and has high safety.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a major cause of stroke and dementia, but little is known about disease mechanisms at the level of the small vessels. 7T-MRI allows assessing small vessel function in vivo in different vessel populations. We hypothesized that multiple aspects of small vessel function are altered in patients with cSVD and that these abnormalities relate to disease burden.
METHODS: Patients and controls participated in a prospective observational cohort study, the ZOOM@SVDs study. Small vessel function measures on 7T-MRI included perforating artery blood flow velocity and pulsatility index in the basal ganglia and centrum semiovale, vascular reactivity to visual stimulation in the occipital cortex, and reactivity to hypercapnia in the gray and white matter. Lesion load on 3T-MRI and cognitive function were used to assess disease burden.
RESULTS: Forty-six patients with sporadic cSVD (mean age ± SD 65 ± 9 years) and 22 matched controls (64 ± 7 years) participated in the ZOOM@SVDs study. Compared with controls, patients had increased pulsatility index (mean difference 0.09, p = 0.01) but similar blood flow velocity in basal ganglia perforating arteries and similar flow velocity and pulsatility index in centrum semiovale perforating arteries. The duration of the vascular response to brief visual stimulation in the occipital cortex was shorter in patients than in controls (mean difference -0.63 seconds, p = 0.02), whereas reactivity to hypercapnia was not significantly affected in the gray and total white matter. Among patients, reactivity to hypercapnia was lower in white matter hyperintensities compared with normal-appearing white matter (blood-oxygen-level dependent mean difference 0.35%, p = 0.001). Blood flow velocity and pulsatility index in basal ganglia perforating arteries and reactivity to brief visual stimulation correlated with disease burden.
DISCUSSION: We observed abnormalities in several aspects of small vessel function in patients with cSVD indicative of regionally increased arteriolar stiffness and decreased reactivity. Worse small vessel function also correlated with increased disease burden. These functional measures provide new mechanistic markers of sporadic cSVD.
Lactylation is a novel post-translational modification (PTM) involving proteins that is induced by lactate accumulation. Histone lysine lactylation alters chromatin spatial configuration, influencing gene transcription and regulating the expression of associated genes. This modification plays a crucial role as an epigenetic regulatory factor in the progression of various diseases. Glycolytic reprogramming is one of the most extensively studied forms of metabolic reprogramming, recognized as a key hallmark of cancer cells. It is characterized by an increase in glycolysis and the inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, accompanied by significant lactate production and accumulation. The two processes are closely linked by lactate, which interacts in various physiological and pathological processes. On the one hand, lactylation levels generally correlate positively with the extent of glycolytic reprogramming, being directly influenced by the lactate concentration produced during glycolytic reprogramming. On the other hand, lactylation can also regulate glycolytic pathways by affecting the transcription and structural functions of essential glycolytic enzymes. This review comprehensively outlines the mechanisms of lactylation and glycolytic reprogramming and their interactions in tumor progression, immunity, and inflammation, with the aim of elucidating the relationship between glycolytic reprogramming and lactylation.
The present invention provides nucleotide and amino acid sequences that identify and encode a new protein with homology to pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). We denote this protein PAPP-A2. The cDNA encoding PAPP-A2 was derived from human placenta. The present invention also provides for antisense molecules to the nucleotide sequences which encode PAPP-A2, expression vectors for the production of purified PAPP-A2, antibodies capable of binding specifically to PAPP-A2, hybridization probes or oligonucleotides for the detection of PAPP-A2-encoding nucleotide sequences, genetically engineered host cells for the expression of PAPP-A2, use of the protein to produce antibodies capable of binding specifically to the protein, methods for screening for pathologies in pregnant and non-pregnant patients that are based on detection of PAPP-A2 antigen in human body fluids or PAPP-A2-encoding nucleic acid molecules, use of the protein to screen for agents that alter the protease activity of PAPP-A2, use of the protein as a therapeutic target for such agents, and use of the protein as a therapeutic agent in relevant pathological states. Methods for screening for altered focal proliferation states in pregnant and/or non-pregnant patients, which include detecting levels of PAPP-A2, are also described. The present invention also provides the identification of a natural substrate of PAPP-A2, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-5.
OBJECTIVE: Despite pharmacological treatments for osteoarthritis (OA), more individuals are choosing medical cannabis for OA symptom management and for mitigating opioid prescriptions for OA. This systematic review examines the global evidence of medical cannabis use on OA pain and function.
METHODS: The search was completed in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and CINAHL within the past 10 years (2012-2022). We limited the search to English language articles. We did not include grey literature or case studies. Participant demographics included all adult individuals with OA who were using medical cannabis for OA. Study quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework; and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool. We used a narrative synthesis approach.
RESULTS: Overall, 7 studies were included: 2 randomized controlled trials (RCT) and 5 observational studies. Only 1 of the 2 RCTs reported improvements in pain for cannabis users. All 5 observational studies reported an improvement in pain levels, reduction of opioid use, and/or improvement in overall OA function. Despite high risk of bias ratings and low study quality, the consensus across studies was that medical cannabis use was effective for a subgroup of individuals suffering from OA pain.
CONCLUSIONS: There is low quality evidence to support medical cannabis use as a substitute for primary pharmacological treatment of OA. However, this does not negate the observations that medical cannabis may provide therapeutic relief for a subset of patients.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROPSERO REGISTRATION: CRD42022354026.
Preeclampsia is a multifactorial pathology with negative outcomes in affected patients in both the peripartum and postpartum period. Black patients in the United States, when compared to their White and Hispanic counterparts, have higher rates of preeclampsia. This article aims to review the current literature to investigate how race, social determinants of health, and genetic profiles influence the prevalence and outcomes of patients with preeclampsia. Published studies utilized in this review were identified through PubMed using authors' topic knowledge and a focused search through a Medline search strategy. These articles were thoroughly reviewed to explore the contributing biosocial factors, genes/biomarkers, as well as negative outcomes associated with disparate rates of preeclampsia. Increased rates of contributing comorbidities, including hypertension and obesity, which are largely associated with low access to care in Black patient populations lead to disparate rates of preeclampsia in this population. Limited research shows an association between increased rate of preeclampsia in Black patients and specific APOL1, HLA-G, and PP13 gene polymorphisms as well as factor V Leiden mutations. Further research is required to understand the use of certain biomarkers in predicting preeclampsia within racial populations. Understanding contributing biosocial factors and identifying genes that may predispose high-risk populations may help to address the disparate rates of preeclampsia in Black patients as described in this review. Further research is required to understand if serum, placental, or urine biomarkers may be used to predict individuals at risk of developing preeclampsia in pregnancy. KEY POINTS: · Prevalence of preeclampsia in the U.S. is higher in Black patients compared to other racial groups.. · Patients with preeclampsia are at risk for poorer health outcomes both during and after delivery.. · Limited research suggests specific biomarkers or gene polymorphisms contribute to this difference; however, explanations for this disparity are multifactorial and further investigation is necessary..
COPIKTRA (duvelisib) is a kinase inhibitor.

Duvelisib is a white-to-off-white crystalline solid with the empirical formula C22H17ClN6O•H2O and a molecular weight of 434.88 g/mol. Hydration can vary with relative humidity. Duvelisib contains a single chiral center as (S) enantiomer. Duvelisib is soluble in ethanol and practically insoluble in water. Duvelisib is described chemically as a hydrate of (S)-3-(1-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)ethyl)-8-chloro-2-phenylisoquinolin-1(2H)-one and has the following chemical structure:

COPIKTRA capsules are for oral administration and are supplied as white to off-white opaque and Swedish orange opaque capsules (25 mg, on anhydrous basis) or pink opaque capsules (15 mg, on anhydrous basis), and contain the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, magnesium stearate, and microcrystalline cellulose. Capsule shells contain gelatin, titanium dioxide, black ink, and red iron oxide.
PURPOSE:To obtain the titled associate, having both reduced solubilities of pullulan and polyethylene glycol and suitable as domestic articles, cosmetics, medicines, etc., by bringing pullulan into contact with polyethylene glycol in an aqueous system. CONSTITUTION:1pts.wt. pullulan is brought into contact with 0.01-100pts.wt., preferably 0.1-10pts.wt. polyethylene glycol having 200-10,000mol.wt. in an aqueous system to afford an opaque associate. The above-mentioned associate is directly used or, as necessary, blended with other suitable substances to form a liquid or pasty composition, which is then utilized as cream, paste, etc. Alternatively, the above-mentioned associate is separated, collected, as necessary, dried, powdered and blended with a suitable substance to provide a solid composition, which is utilized for producing a slowly disintegrating molded article or substained release molded article.