anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In rats, oral doses of 533 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg produced teratologic effects manifested mainly as cleft palates.

The highest dose which did not cause cleft palates in rats was 512 mg/kg sulfamethoxazole or 192 mg/kg trimethoprim when administered separately. In two studies in rats, no teratology was observed when 512 mg/kg of sulfamethoxazole was used in combination with 128 mg/kg of trimethoprim. In one study, however, cleft palates were observed in one litter out of 9 when 355 mg/kg of sulfamethoxazole was used in combination with 88 mg/kg of trimethoprim.

In some rabbit studies, an overall increase in fetal loss (dead and resorbed and malformed conceptuses) was associated with doses of trimethoprim 6 times the human therapeutic dose.

While there are no large, well-controlled studies on the use of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in pregnant women, Brumfitt and Pursell,10 in a retrospective study, reported the outcome of 186 pregnancies during which the mother received either placebo or sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. The incidence of congenital abnormalities was 4.5% (3 of 66) in those who received placebo and 3.3% (4 of 120) in those receiving sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. There were no abnormalities in the 10 children whose mothers received the drug during the first trimester. In a separate survey, Brumfitt and Pursell also found no congenital abnormalities in 35 children whose mothers had received oral sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim at the time of conception or shortly thereafter.

Because sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim may interfere with folic acid metabolism, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
The viscosity of pulmonary mucous secretions depends on the concentrations of mucoprotein and, to a lesser extent, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The latter increases with increasing purulence owing to the presence of cellular debris. The mucolytic action of acetylcysteine is related to the sulfhydryl group in the molecule. This group probably ``opens′′ disulfide linkages in mucus thereby lowering the viscosity. The mucolytic activity of acetylcysteine is unaltered by the presence of DNA, and increases with increasing pH. Significant mucolysis occurs between pH 7 and 9.

Acetylcysteine undergoes rapid deacetylation in vivo to yield cysteine or oxidation to yield diacetylcystine.

Occasionally, patients exposed to the inhalation of an acetylcysteine aerosol respond with the development of increased airways obstruction of varying and unpredictable severity. Those patients who are reactors cannot be identified a priori from a random patient population. Even when patients are known to have reacted previously to the inhalation of an acetylcysteine aerosol, they may not react during a subsequent treatment. The converse is also true; patients who have had inhalation treatments of acetylcysteine without incident may still react to subsequent inhalation with increased airways obstruction. Most patients with bronchospasm are quickly relieved by the use of a bronchodilator given by nebulization. If bronchospasm progresses, the medication should be discontinued immediately.
Pain experiences are common during childhood (eg, "everyday" pain, vaccine injections) and are powerful opportunities for children to learn about pain and injury. These experiences likely inform fundamental and life-long beliefs about pain. There is scant research investigating the sociocultural contexts in which children learn about pain and injury. One unexplored context is the shared reading of picture books (eg, between parents/caregivers and children). In this study, we investigated whether shared reading of picture books that included depictions of pain and/or injury prompted parent/caregiver-child interactions. If interactions were observed, we explored what those interactions entailed. Twenty parents/caregivers (8 men, 12 women) and their children (n = 27; 10 boys, 17 girls) were recruited from libraries in South Australia. Parent/caregiver-child families chose from 8 books (7 fiction, 1 nonfiction) with varying amounts of pain/injury-related content. Shared reading interactions were video recorded, transcribed, and analyzed alongside analysis of the picture books using reflexive thematic analysis. Pain/injury-related interactions were observed between parents/caregivers and children during shared reading of picture books. Qualitative analyses generated 1 main theme and 3 subthemes. Findings identified that shared reading presented an opportunity for children's understanding of pain and injury to be socialized through discussion of characters' experiences. This included teaching children about pain and injury, as well as promoting empathy and emotional attunement toward characters who were depicted as being in pain. Finally, parents/caregivers often responded with observable/expressed amusement if pain/injury was depicted in a light-hearted or unrealistic way. Overall, shared reading of picture books presents an untapped opportunity to socialize children about pain and injury. PERSPECTIVE: Shared reading of picture books that have depictions of pain and/or injury can prompt parent/caregiver-child interactions about pain and injury. These interactions present critical opportunities that can be harnessed to promote children's learning of adaptive pain-related concepts and behaviors during a critical developmental period.
BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common cardiovascular renal diseases (CVRD) manifestations for type 2 diabetes. The objective was to estimate the incidence of the first occurring CVRD manifestation and cumulative hospitalization costs of each CVRD manifestation for type 2 diabetes without CVRD history.
METHODS: A cohort study of all type 2 diabetes free of CVRD as of January 1st 2014, was identified and followed-up for 5 years within the French SNDS nationwide claims database. The cumulative incidence of the first occurring CVRD manifestation was estimated using the cumulative incidence function, with death as a competing risk. Cumulative hospitalization costs of each CVRD manifestations were estimated from the perspective of all payers.
RESULTS: From 2,079,089 type 2 diabetes without cancer or transplantation, 76.5% were free of CVRD at baseline with a mean age of 65 years, 52% of women and 7% with microvascular complications history. The cumulative incidence of a first CVRD manifestation was 15.3% after 5 years of follow-up with a constant linear increase over time for all CVRD manifestations: The most frequent was CKD representing 40.6% of first occurred CVRD manifestation, followed by HF (23.0%), then PAD (13.5%), stroke (13.2%) and MI (9.7%). HF and CKD together reached about one patient out of ten after 5 years and represented 63.6% of first CVRD manifestations. The 5-year global cost of all CVRD hospitalizations was 3.9 billion euros (B€), i.e. 2,450€ per patient of the whole cohort, with an exponential increase over time for each specific CVRD manifestation. The costliest was CKD (2.0 B€), followed by HF (1.2 B€), then PAD (0.7 B€), stroke (0.6 B€) and MI (0.3 B€).
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: While MI, stroke and PAD remain classic major risks of complications for CVRD-free type 2 diabetes, HF and CKD nowadays represent individually a higher risk and cost than each of these classic manifestations, and jointly represents a risk and a cost twice as high as these three classic manifestations all together. This should encourage the development of specific HF and CKD preventive strategies.
Background: NAFLD is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases in Taiwan. NAFLD can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. Based on the current trend in epidemiology, fatty liver disease is forecasted to be the leading cause of liver transplantation by 2030. Since NAFLD imposes a significant medical burden and there is no approved medication for NAFLD, developing an effective therapy for improving NAFLD is undoubtedly an unmet need. Diet and gut microbiota play pivotal roles in NAFLD progress. The composition of the gut microbiota and gut barrier function is affected by dietary factors, which cause pathophysiological impacts on the liver through the immune and metabolic communications between gut and liver, which is coined as the "gut-liver axis." Therefore, intervention with dietary products from probiotics and prebiotics may be an opportunity to develop effective therapy against NAFLD. In fact, current evidence has shown that fermented soybean products can modulate hepatic lipid metabolism and possess potential prebiotic activities. Also, our preliminary data have shown that MBS217 supplementation has the effects of modulating gut microbiota and regulating the hepatic inflammatory-related immune response in both nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice and healthy adult subjects. Objective: Investigators aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of MBS217 in treating participants with NAFLD in this study. The changes in other metabolic parameters, gut microbiome, metabolomics, and gut permeability will also be investigated. Methods: Using a block randomization with a block size of 2 in a 1:1 ratio, 30 eligible adult subjects aged 20-70 years diagnosed with NAFLD will be randomized to receive one of the following regimens. This study plans to enroll 30 eligible adult subjects aged 20-70 years diagnosed with NAFLD. Enrolled subjects will be randomly assigned to receive 4 mL of either MBS217 or placebo (1:1) treatment for 16 weeks and then followed for 8 weeks, with assessment for NAFLD-related parameters, gut microbiome, metabolomics, and gut permeability. Outcome analysis: The primary outcome is the improvement of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, stiffness, and FIB-4 evaluated by FibroScan or MRI. The secondary outcomes are the frequency of adverse events, the overall NAFLD-related parameters, gut microbiota, metabolomics, and gut permeability.
PURPOSE: A composition containing herb extract is provided to suppress weight increase and to reduce neutral lipid concentration in blood. CONSTITUTION: A composition for suppressing obesity contains 10 weight parts of herb mixture having 6 weight parts of Ephedra sinica, 8 weight parts of gypsum, and 4 weight parts of Atractylodis rhizome; and 8 weight parts of tea leaf extract. The extract is isolated using water, alcohol, or mixture thereof. The alcohol is C1-C4 low alcohol. The composition contains 0.1-1.5 weight% of ephedrine based on total active ingredient in the composition. The composition also contains 0.2-0.3 weight% of caffeine based on total active ingredient.
Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression has been reported with the use of opioids, including hydrocodone, one of the active ingredients in Hydrocodone Polistirex and Chlorpheniramine Polistirex. Hydrocodone produces dose-related respiratory depression by directly acting on the brain stem respiratory center that controls respiratory rhythm and may produce irregular and periodic breathing. Respiratory depression, if not immediately recognized and treated, may lead to respiratory arrest and death. Management of respiratory depression includes discontinuation of Hydrocodone Polistirex and Chlorpheniramine Polistirex, close observation, supportive measures, and use of opioid antagonists (e.g. naloxone), depending on the patient’s clinical status [see Overdosage (10)]. Carbon dioxide (CO2) retention from opioid-induced respiratory depression can exacerbate the sedating effects of opioids. 

While serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression can occur at any time during the use of Hydrocodone Polistirex and Chlorpheniramine Polistirex, the risk is greatest during the initiation of therapy, when Hydrocodone Polistirex and Chlorpheniramine Polistirex is used concomitantly with other drugs that may cause respiratory depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)], in patients with chronic pulmonary disease or decreased respiratory reserve, and in patients with altered pharmacokinetics or altered clearance (e.g. elderly, cachectic, or debilitated patients) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].

To reduce the risk of respiratory depression, proper dosing of Hydrocodone Polistirex and Chlorpheniramine Polistirex is essential [see Dosage and Administration (2.1), Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]. Monitor patients closely, especially within the first 24 to 72 hours of initiating therapy or when used in patients at higher risk.

Overdose of hydrocodone in adults has been associated with fatal respiratory depression, and the use of hydrocodone in children younger than 6 years of age has been associated with fatal respiratory depression when used as recommended. Accidental ingestion of even one dose of Hydrocodone Polistirex and Chlorpheniramine Polistirex, especially by children, can result in respiratory depression and death.
This study is a clinical, single-center pilot-study to evaluate safety and performance of a novel device in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. Twelve (12) patients with mitral valve regurgitation planned for surgery at Vienna General Hospital (AKH) will be enrolled in the study considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mitral valve repair is achieved by replacing the chordae tendinea with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) sutures either with or without concomitant procedures, such as annuloplasty, resection, or gap closure. These ePTFE sutures are placed between a mitral leaflet and the corresponding papillary muscle using a novel suturing device (Mi-Stitch™). By adjusting the length of the suture, the appropriate coaptation is achieved and prolapse is avoided - resulting in an adequate seal of the valve. The procedure will be assessed according to the primary safety endpoint (30 day mortality) as well as the implantation time. Likewise midterm safety endpoints at 12 months (mortality and observed rate of serious adverse events \[SAE\]) and procedural times will be analyzed.
In this arm, a palatally impacted canine will be exposed surgically and left for max 9 months. No traction will be applied during this time.
###  Use of Levorphanol Tartrate Tablets as the First Opioid Analgesic

Initiate treatment with Levorphanol Tartrate Tablets in a dosing range of 1 to 2 mg every 6 to 8 hours as needed for pain, and at the lowest dose necessary to achieve adequate analgesia, provided the patient is assessed for signs of hypoventilation and excessive sedation. Titrate the dose based upon the individual patient’s response to their initial dose of Levorphanol Tartrate Tablets. If necessary, the dose may be increased to up to 3 mg every 6 to 8 hours, after adequate evaluation of the patient's response. Higher doses may be appropriate in opioid tolerant patients. Dosage should be adjusted according to the severity of the pain; age, weight and physical status of the patient; the patient's underlying diseases; use of concomitant medications; and other factors [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY; Individualization of Dosage, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. 

###  Conversion from Other Opioids to Levorphanol Tartrate Tablets

There is inter-patient variability in the potency of opioid drugs and opioid formulations. Therefore, a conservative approach is advised when determining the total daily dosage of Levorphanol Tartrate Tablets. It is safer to underestimate a patient's 24-hour Levorphanol Tartrate Tablets dosage than to overestimate the 24-hour Levorphanol Tartrate Tablets dosage and manage an adverse reaction due to overdose. 

The dosage of levorphanol in patients with cancer or with other conditions for which chronic opioid therapy is indicated must be individualized. Levorphanol is 4 to 8 times as potent as morphine and has a longer half-life. Because there is incomplete cross-tolerance among opioids, when converting a patient from morphine to levorphanol, the total daily dose of levorphanol should begin at approximately 1/15 to 1/12 of the total daily dose of oral morphine that such patients had previously required and then the dose should be adjusted to the patient's clinical response. If a patient is to be placed on fixed-schedule dosing (round-the-clock) with this drug, care should be taken to allow adequate time after each dose change (approximately 72 hours) for the patient to reach a new steady-state before a subsequent dose adjustment to avoid excessive sedation due to drug accumulation. 

Note: As with all controlled substances, abuse by healthcare personnel is possible and the drug should be handled accordingly. 

###  Geriatric Patients

Elderly patients (aged 65 years or older) may have increased sensitivity to levorphanol. In general, use caution when selecting a dosage for an elderly patient, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. The initial dose of Levorphanol Tartrate Tablets should be reduced by 50% or more in the infirm elderly patient. [see PRECAUTIONS].
At least 1-3 weeks after the second infusion, patients receive high-dose chemotherapy and then undergo autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Patients then undergo leukapheresis for G-CSF-mobilized autologous T-cells.
PURPOSE: To obtain a composition having no harmful action, capable of promoting reproduction of hair and further quickly treating wounds of skin, etc., by filtering an extract of bark, twig, etc., of a specific plant in the southeast district of Mexico with water and lyophilizing the extract. CONSTITUTION: A soluble component is extracted with water up to 80 deg.C from bark, twig, or leaf of Mimosa Tuitenuiflara Leguminosae growing in the southeast district of Mexico at one year or older than one year for at least 24 hours. The prepared extract is filtered to remove impurities, concentrated at a proper temperature under reduced pressure and then lyophilized to give powder. Or each part of the plant is powdered, immersed in a solvent such as an alcohol, an ether or acetone, a mineral oil, an animal or vegetable oil or oils and fats, maintained at <=80 deg.C for a time enough to extract an active ingredient. The prepared extracted solution is filtered to give the extracted solution containing a treating active ingredient. The lyophilized powder or the extracted solution is mixed with a proper base to give the objective composition.
The invention discloses a double-bond containing water-soluble gadolinium complex as well as a synthesis method and application thereof. The double-bond containing water-soluble gadolinium complex contains an unsaturated carboxylic acid, stabilizer molecules and water molecules, wherein the unsaturated carboxylic acid serves as a ligand to ensure that the double-bond containing water-soluble gadolinium complex can participate in high-molecule polymerization, and the stabilizer molecules can improve the stability of the double-bond containing water-soluble gadolinium complex. The imaging principle of an imaging agent reveals that the structure of the double-bond containing water-soluble gadolinium complex contains water molecules so that the double-bond containing water-soluble gadolinium complex can be improved in relaxation rate when used as an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) agent. The double-bond containing water-soluble gadolinium complex can be used as an excellent raw material for synthesizing an MRI agent with a high relaxation rate, and more importantly, due to the water solubility, the double-bond containing water-soluble gadolinium complex has great advantages when used as a raw material for synthesizing an MRI agent. The invention further discloses the synthesis method of the double-bond containing water-soluble gadolinium complex. The synthesis method of the double-bond containing water-soluble gadolinium complex is easy to operate, is friendly to environment and is low in cost, and the synthesized double-bond containing water-soluble gadolinium complex is easy to purify.
The present invention relates to the fields of genetics and oncology and provides methods for detecting tumors as well as methods for treating patients and predicting the prognosis to a patient. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method of demonstrating the malignant character of a tumor or cell subpopulation in a subject, to a method of predicting a prognosis, to a method of treating a subject having a tumor with NAV3 copy number change and with over expression of at least one gene or gene product selected from specific lists, and to a method of selecting a treatment to a subject. The present invention also relates to uses of NAV3 gene or gene product and at least one gene and/or gene product selected from specific lists for demonstrating the malignant character of a tumor or cell sub-population, for predicting a prognosis to a subject, for selecting a treatment to a subject, and for cancer therapy in a subject having a tumor with NAV3 copy number change. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a use of an antagonist, antibody or inhibitory molecule of at least one gene and/or gene product selected from specific lists for cancer therapy in a subject. Still, the present invention relates to a diagnostic kit comprising tools for detecting NAV3 copy number change in a biological sample and tools for detecting over expression of at least one gene or gene product selected from specific lists in a biological sample. The present invention also relates to a use of a diagnostic kit of the invention for demonstrating the malignant character of a tumor or cell subpopulation, for predicting a prognosis to a subject with a colorectal tumor, brain tumor or tumor of epidermal keratinocytes and for selecting a treatment to a subject with a colorectal tumor, brain tumor or tumor of epidermal keratinocytes.
Electromechanical Wave Imaging (EWI) is an ultrasound-based technique that takes 10-15 minute to non-invasively image arrhythmias by visualizing the electromechanical wave corresponding to electromechanical coupling. A full 3D EWI noninvasive ultrasound technique which can construct an entire 4 chamber cardiac activation map using a single heartbeat of arrhythmia acquired in one apical transthoracic echocardiographic image.
The present invention relates generally to a regulatory molecule and to genetic sequences encoding same. More particularly, the present invention provides a molecule involved in, associated with or which otherwise facilitates myogenesis. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the regulatory molecule is a transcription factor involved in the expression of genes resulting in the determination of skeletal muscle (a sequence encoding the regulatory molecule is disclosed within the specification as Seq. Id. No: 2). The identification of the regulatory molecule of the present invention permits the development of agents capable of modulating myogenesis including therapeutic agents capable of ameliorating aberrations in pyogenesis such as but not limited to myogenic cancers.
VESTA is a semi facial respirator that follows the same technical specifications of a N95 class PFF2 respirator. However, the VESTA respirator has nanoparticles in the filtering element, which is manufactured with a product of 50 gsm melt blown polypropylene-treated with an electrostatic charge. This filtering element deposits nanoparticles of polymeric biodegradable material known as chitosan. Chitosan can act as a surface for adsorption and viral inactivation.