anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The present invention relates to a regulation of inflammation and immune responses. The present invention relates to a method of treating a condition comprising administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of an activator of RP 105. The condition is typically associated with TLR-4 activation and cytokine production. Conditions addressed by the invention include sepsis, septic shock, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. The invention also provides the use of an activator of RP 105 in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of a condition associated with cytokine production and methods for identifying an activator of RP 105, which is also suitable for use in the treatment of a condition associated with stimulus-induced cytokine production. More specifically the patent relates to the use of RP105 as a specific inhibitor of TLR4 signaling and as a physiological regulator of TLR4 signaling for the treatment of TLR4-mediated inflammation and immune-related diseases. This invention also relates to treating an animal having a disease or condition associated with Toll-like receptor (4).
NEW MATERIAL:The compound of formula I (R<1> and R<2> together form keto group or one of them is H and the other is OH; R<3> is H or acetoxy; n is 0 or 1; when the bond between 8 and 12 positions is double, n is 0; a-e are 1 or 2; the dotted line represents single or double bond). USE:Antiphlogistic agent. PROCESS:Clavularia viridis (a kind of coral) is roughly extracted with ethanol, and the extract is concentrated and further extracted with ethyl acetate in an aqueous system. The obtained extract is fractionated by silica gel chromatography, and the compounds of formula II, III and IV are separated from each fraction. The compounds are subjected to e.g. reduction, oxidation, acetylation, etc. to afford another compound of formula I .
Zileuton is an orally active inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid. Zileuton has the chemical name (±)-1-(1-Benzo[b]thien-2-ylethyl)-1-hydroxyurea and the following chemical structure:

Zileuton

Zileuton has the molecular formula C11H12N2O2S and a molecular weight of 236.29. It is a racemic mixture (50:50) of R(+) and S(-) enantiomers. Zileuton is a practically odorless, white, crystalline powder that is soluble in methanol and ethanol, slightly soluble in acetonitrile, and practically insoluble in water and hexane. The melting point ranges from 144.2˚C to 145.2˚C. ZYFLO tablets for oral administration are supplied in one dosage strength containing 600 mg of zileuton. 

Inactive Ingredients: crospovidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, propylene glycol, sodium starch glycolate, talc, and titanium dioxide.
The goal of Arm 2 will be to evaluate the utility of competing items (e.g., alternative reinforcement or activities) during schedule thinning. Both conditions will be informed by the PIA, similar to the experimental condition in Arm 1. PIA-informed schedule thinning with competing stimuli will be identical to that of PIA-informed schedule thinning, except (a) the therapist will provide continuous access to the highly competing stimulus identified by that participant's competing stimulus assessment (e.g., providing attention while an iPad is unavailable, playing music while working), and (b) it will occur in the other context (e.g., the yellow context). Investigators will determine the efficiency of schedule thinning, reductions of destructive behavior, the durability of functional communication responses across the two conditions, and resurgence of destructive behavior during prolonged periods of extinction.
In the extraction of vitamins from marine animal oils such as cod liver oil, a high vacuum distillate of the oil is saponified to at least 33,3 per cent, and the unsaponified fraction is separated and treated by high vacuum short path distillation.  The vitamin-containing fraction may be separated from the saponification mixture by means of an added solvent which may be a mixture of fatty glycerides, or may be separated mechanically, the vitamins being then in solution in the unsaponified portion of the oil.  The saponification may be effected by caustic potash or soda, ammonia, or lime, and an alcohol such as methyl or ethyl alcohol may be added to assist the saponification.  After the saponification, hot water and a solvent are added.  The solvent may be a fish oil from which the vitamin fraction has been separated, or the fish oil itself.  If desired, when the initial oil is vacuum-distilled the fraction which contains the high-boiling (ester) forms of vitamins A and D and comes over at 190-200 DEG  C. (compared with quinizarin green at 220 DEG C.) may be separated as fit for immediate therapeutic use, while the fractions coming over at 150-190 DEG  C. and 200-260 DEG  C. may be treated according to this invention; the vitamins recovered from these fractions will be in the low-boiling (alcohol) form.  A detailed example is given of the treatment of a cod liver oil fraction.  Other fish oils such as halibut liver, tuna and salmon oils may be used.  Specification 479,802, [Group III], is referred to.
PURPOSE:To provide the subject new derivative having a wide spectral antiviral effect, an anticancer effect to be expected, and a low toxicity, capable or oral, intravenous and percutaneous administration and, therefor, expected as a medical drug such as an antiviral drug or an anticancer drug. CONSTITUTION:Cyclobutane derivatives represented by formula I (B is nucleic acid derivative; R is H, substituted or non-substituted acyl, substituted or non- substituted phosphate group or protecting group; R' and R'' are H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl), e.g. 9-[(1beta,2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-2,3,4-tris(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl] guanine. These compounds can be produced by reacting a compound of formula II (X is eliminatable group) with a nucleic acid salt derivative. The above-mentioned compounds are expected to be effective for various viral diseases since the compounds show antiviral effects on both the viruses of DNA and RNA types. In addition, the dosage is 0.1-500mg/kg/day in general.
Nowadays, obstetrical anesthesia-related mortality is a very rare complication in industrialized countries. The recommended choice of intrathecal opioid for spinal anesthesia in the context of a multimodal peripartum pain management concept is discussed in this narrative review. Nowadays, there is a consensus that a perioperative multimodal pain concept should be used for caesarean delivery. This pain concept should include neuraxial opioids for spinal anesthesia, acetaminophen, NSAIDs, intravenous dexamethasone, and postoperative local or regional anesthetic procedures. Long-acting lipophobic opioids (diamorphine and morphine) have a significant analgesic advantage over short-acting lipophilic opioids (sufentanil and fentanyl). The risk of clinically relevant respiratory depression after neuraxial long-acting opioids is nowadays considered negligible, even if the data situation is weak in this regard. The question remains as to whether a pain concept that is ideally adapted to a neuraxial short-acting opioid shows benefit to a pain concept that is optimally adapted to neuraxial morphine. If long-acting opioids are used, the timing of each additional component of the multimodal analgesia strategy could ideally be adjusted to this longer duration of action.
BACKGROUND: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) accumulation plays a key role in the progression myocardial infarction (MI) and diabetes. Diabetic patients have elevated risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) compared to non-diabetic patients. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of EAT volume in MI patients with and without diabetes.
METHODS: This study included 458 MI patients who underwent cardiac computed tomography (CT) imaging and received successful stent implantation. EAT volume was quantified with cardiac CT imaging. Sub-study stratification of patients by diabetes status was further analyzed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to evaluate the association between EAT volume and MACEs.
RESULTS: Diabetes was identified in 135 of the 458 patients (29.5%). EAT volume was significantly higher in diabetes than non-diabetes. During a median follow-up of 1154 days, MACEs occurred more frequently in patients with versus without diabetes. EAT volume was independent predictor of MACEs in all MI patients after adjustment for risk factors, and showed good predictive value in the evaluation of MACEs. Moreover, EAT volume was also significantly associated with MACEs after adjustment for risk factors in diabetes and non-diabetes in the subgroup analysis.
CONCLUSION: MI patients with diabetes had higher EAT volume and experienced higher rate of MACEs compared to non-diabetes. EAT volume is an independent risk of prognosis of MI, regardless of the diabetes status.
Balance impairment is one of the primary causes of disability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). It increases the risk of falls and contributes to the development of fear of falling (FOF), a vicious cycle that leads to a limitation in daily life activities. The imbalance could be caused by motor and sensorial deficits as well as sensory-motor integration deficits. Despite the disability that balance disorders cause, literature about its' rehabilitation is very scant. To our knowledge two studies have been published on MS balance rehabilitation. The first paper described case reports on MS balance rehabilitation using the "Bobath" approach. The second paper performed a preliminary randomized controlled study describing the effectiveness in restoring balance control and reducing risk of falling using a specific training program aimed at improving sensory-motor integration in people with MS. Considering the several limitations of this study, further trials are warranted to assess the usefulness of specific sensory-motor training on balance impairment in people with MS. The aim of this randomised controlled double blinded clinical trial is to evaluate whether a training program consisting of exercises performed under different sensory conflict conditions can lead to an improvement in postural stability in patients with MS. This in turn might lead to an improvement in walking ability, autonomy in daily life activities and quality of life in people with MS.

The study will include 80 patients (age\<65 years) with a diagnosis of MS relapsing remitted according to the McDonald criteria and with an Expanded Disability Status Scale score≤6.0. Patients will be divided into 2 groups, according to a randomization design. The experimental group will undergo a specific training program aimed at increasing balance ability in several sensory conflict conditions. The training program will consist of fifteen 50-minute sessions over a 5 week period (3 sessions/week). The control group will undergo conventional neurorehabilitation treatment following the same pattern of sessions as the study group. At recruitment, after treatment (5 weeks) and in the follow-up (1 month), each patient will be tested with the following clinical and instrumental procedures: Berg Balance Scale, Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Postural Transfers evaluation, Multiple Sclerosis Quality Of Life (MSQOL)-54 instrument, Sensory Organization Test, GAITRite® System and platform stabilometry.

Data will be examined at first reassessment for between group differences. Data from the second reassessment will be analysed for within group differences. Sample characteristics will be summarised using descriptive statistics. Due to the small sample size, non-parametric tests will be applied: Wilcoxon's signed ranks test for within group comparisons and the Mann-withney U test for between group comparisons, both with significance set at p=0.05. Data will be analysed using SPSS v16 software.
Additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store (See INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE).

Pregnancy: Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Cardioplegic Solution. It is also not known whether this solution can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Cardioplegic Solution should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
PURPOSE:To provide a new compound having an excellent antimicrobial action and an oral absorbing property and useful as an antimicrobial agent. CONSTITUTION:A compound of formula I (R is H, carboxy-protecting group; W is H, lower alkyl; X is H, halogen; Y is halogen, amino, cyclo lower alkylamino, etc.; Z is H, halogen, nitro, etc.; one of A, B is methylene, and the other is carbonyl; but when Y is halogen and Z is H, A is carbonyl and B is methyl), e.g. 4-(piperadin-1-yl)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-3,7-dioxo-1H,7H- pyrido[3,2,1-ij]cinnoline-8-carboxylic acid. The compound of formula I is obtained by subjecting a compound of formula II (R<1> is carbonyl-protecting group) to a protecting group-removing reaction by a conventional method such as a solvolysis reaction or a reduction reaction. The compound of formula I is useful as a medicine for men or animals and as a fish disease medicine, an agricultural chemical or food-preserving agent and further has an antiviral action, especially an anti-HIV action and is useful for preventing and treating AIDS.
The growth of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections necessitates focusing on host-derived immunotherapies. γδ T cells are an unconventional T cell subset, making up a relatively small portion of healthy circulating lymphocytes but a substantially increased proportion in mucosal and epithelial tissues. γδ T cells are activated and expanded in response to bacterial infection, having the capability to produce proinflammatory cytokines to recruit neutrophils and clear infection. They also play a significant role in dampening immune response to control inflammation and protecting the host against secondary challenge, making them promising targets when developing immunotherapy. Importantly, γδ T cells have differential metabolic states influencing their cytokine profile and subsequent inflammatory capacity. Though these differential metabolic states have not been well studied or reviewed in the context of bacterial infection, they are critical in understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of the host's innate immune response. Therefore, this review will focus on the context-specific host defense conferred by γδ T cells during infection with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a blood sugar elevation inhibitory agent or an antioxidant, capable of performing the inhibition of the elevation of the blood sugar or of oxidative stress caused by free radicals or active oxygen.  <P>SOLUTION: This blood sugar elevation inhibitory agent is characterized by using a flavonoid obtained from a plant belonging to the genus Commelina of Commelinaceae as an active ingredient. Preferably, the plant belonging to the genus Commelina of Commelinaceae is at least one selected from Commelina communis L. var. hortensis, C. communis L., C. benghalensis L., C. diffusa Burm. fil., and C. auriculata Blume.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Older adults with schizophrenia are at risk for cognitive and functional decline leading to premature institutionalization. A large and increasing number of older people with schizophrenia will need more effective services. The investigators previously developed Cognitive Behavioral Social Skills Training (CBSST) and established its efficacy for preventing functional decline in people with schizophrenia. CBSST combines Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Social Skills Training (SST), and problem-solving intervention modules in an 18-session intervention that is repeated to practice the skills for a total of 36 sessions. The findings suggested that CBSST Skills Learning is an important mechanism of change in functioning in CBSST and that boosting executive function could boost CBSST Skills Learning, which could improve rather than only stabilize functioning. The investigators intend to test a blended intervention that combines CBSST and Executive Functioning Training (E-CBSST). In this open trial, 50 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder age 60 or older will be enrolled to receive E-CBSST for 20 weeks. E-CBSST will consist first of a 2-week Executive Function Training (EFT) course that includes 3 sessions per week of computerized exercises and strategy monitoring using a worksheet and assistance from a therapist. Participants will then complete 2 cycles of E-CBSST with 18 sessions each cycle, delivered twice a week, during which participants receive brief EFT at the start of CBSST group sessions. Outcome assessments will be administered at baseline, end of Executive Function Training course (Week 2), after session 18 (mid-trial; end of first cycle) and session 36 (end-trial; end of second cycle).

The aims of the study include determining if E-CBSST is feasible and increases CBSST Skills Learning to a level that will lead to a clinically meaningful improvement in functioning and to identify the minimum number of weeks of the intervention needed to produce this change. E-CBSST could become an evidence-based intervention that enhances and not only maintains function and, in turn, reduces personal and societal burden.
BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis plays a critical protective role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI); however, therapeutic targeting of associated genes remains constrained. To bridge this gap, we conducted bioinformatics analysis to identify pivotal angiogenesis-related genes in MIRI, potentially applicable for preventive and therapeutic interventions.
METHODS: We collected two mouse heart I/R expression datasets (GSE61592 and GSE83472) from Gene Expression Omnibus, utilizing the Limma package to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Angiogenesis-related genes (ARGs) were extracted from GeneCards, and their overlap with DEGs produced differentially expressed ARGs (ARDEGs). Further analyses included Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and disease ontology to explore biological functions. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to investigate molecular modules linked to MIRI. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to pinpoint hub genes relevant to MIRI. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the diagnostic efficacy of these hub genes for MIRI. An ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established using human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs), with the expression of hub genes validated within this experimental framework.
RESULTS: We identified 47 ARDEGs, 41 upregulated and 6 downregulated. PPI network analysis revealed suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (Cxcl1), interleukin 1 beta (Il1b), and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (Mmp9) as hub genes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated strong diagnostic potential for Socs3, Cxcl1, Il1b, and Mmp9. In vitro validation corroborated the mRNA and protein expression predictions.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the pivotal role of Socs3, Cxcl1, Il1b, and Mmp9 in MIRI development, their significance in immune cell infiltration, and their diagnostic accuracy. These findings offer valuable insights for MIRI diagnosis and treatment, presenting potential molecular targets for future research.
Clinical cognitive decline, leading to Alzheimer's Disease Dementia (ADD), has long been interpreted as a disconnection syndrome, hindering the information flow capacity of the brain, hence leading to the well-known symptoms of ADD. The structural and functional brain connectome analyses play a central role in studies of brain from this perspective. However, most current research implicitly assumes that the changes accompanying the progression of cognitive decline are monotonous in time, whether measured across the entire brain or in fixed cortical regions. We investigate the structural and functional connectivity-wise reorganization of the brain without such assumptions across the entire spectrum. We utilize nodal assortativity as a local topological measure of connectivity and follow a data-centric approach to identify and verify relevant local regions, as well as to understand the nature of underlying reorganization. The analysis of our preliminary experimental data points to statistically significant, hyper and hypo-assortativity regions that depend on the disease's stage, and differ for structural and functional connectomes. Our results suggest a new perspective into the dynamic, potentially a mix of degenerative and compensatory, topological alterations that occur in the brain as cognitive decline progresses.
Accurate presurgical prediction of pathological complete response (pCR) can guide treatment decisions, potentially avoiding unnecessary surgeries and improving the quality of life for cancer patients. We developed a minimal residual disease (MRD) profiling approach with enhanced sensitivity and specificity for detecting minimal tumor DNA from cell-free DNA (cfDNA). The approach was validated in two independent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cohorts. In a cohort undergoing neoadjuvant, surgical, and adjuvant therapy (NAT cohort), presurgical MRD status precisely predicted pCR. All MRD-negative cases (10/10) were confirmed as pCR by pathological evaluation on the resected tissues. In contrast, MRD-positive cases included all the 27 non-pCR cases and only one pCR case (10/10 vs 1/28, P < 0.0001, Fisher's exact test). In a definitive radiotherapy cohort (dRT cohort), post-dRT MRD status was closely correlated with patient prognosis. All MRD-negative patients (25/25) remained progression-free during the follow-up period, while 23 of the 26 MRD-positive patients experienced disease progression (25/25 vs 3/26, P < 0.0001, Fisher's exact test; progression-free survival, P < 0.0001, log-rank test). The MRD profiling approach effectively predicted the ESCC patients who would achieve pCR with surgery and those likely to remain progression-free without surgery. This suggests that the cancer cells in these MRD-negative patients have been effectively eliminated and they could be suitable candidates for a watch-and-wait strategy, potentially avoiding unnecessary surgery.
Intravenous iron is often administered when peroral iron is insufficient to correct iron-deficiency or not tolerated. Few studies have shown a relationship between pretherapeutic serum hepcidin levels and response to intravenous iron infusion: the lower the pre-infusion hepcidin level, the fewer red blood cell concentrates were used to correct anaemia. However, there are no studies investigating hepcidin levels after intravenous iron supplementation. Furthermore, some studies showed an increase in hepcidin 24 hours after ingesting oral iron supplements, impairing the iron uptake the next day. However, how long hepcidin is increased after intravenous iron administration is unknown. Prolonged serum hepcidin concentrations after an iron infusion would reduce intestinal iron absorption and continued, simultaneous oral iron therapy would be pointless.

This study investigates whether and how serum hepcidin concentrations change after intravenous iron therapy. Women with iron deficiency (serum ferritin below 30ng/ml) without anaemia (hemoglobin \>117g/l) receive 500mg iron (Ferinject®) intravenously. Serum hepcidin levels are measured before therapy (day 0) 2 days (day 2) and 7 days (day 7) after infusion.