anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Shortly after the beginning of the COVID-19 global pandemic, reports emerged showing that some individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 developed persistent symptoms and new health problems that arose long after the acute phase of infection and could not be explained by other factors. The patient community who first recognized and reported this new syndrome used the term 'long COVID' to describe the post-acute and chronic sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Long COVID (sometimes referred to as 'post-acute sequelae of COVID-19') is a multisystem condition comprising often severe symptoms that follow a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This condition affects all individuals ubiquitously regardless of their race, age, gender, baseline health status and the severity of their initial COVID infection. As reported by the two systematic reviews of the total COVID-19 cases of neonates, children, and adolescents aged less than 19 years since the start of the pandemic, the persistent clinical features spectrum of long COVID is wide with fatigue having the second highest percentage of persistent long COVID symptoms within this age group. Long COVID symptoms can last for years, particularly in cases for chronic fatigue syndrome/dysautonomia which can be lifelong. Therefore, significant proportions of individuals have been unable to return to work which has even to led to labour shortages. Consequently, long COVID is considered a public health emergency that can have lasting health, mental health, and economic sequelae.

Since, the clinical trials done so far have not been prioritized to understand the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in marginalized populations such as adolescents and because of the high disability associated with this condition, research targeting this age group for the management of long COVID is needed. There are currently no approved therapies for long COVID; however, treatments for certain components have been effective for subsets of populations. Metformin has been proposed in this study as a potential avenue for the management of chronic fatigue that is associated with long COVID. It has clinical benefits when used as an outpatient treatment for COVID-19 and is globally available, has a low-cost, and is safe. A study that was conducted recently had reported that its use in patients infected with COVID could reduce the incidence of long COVID. However, since this study had only focused on older individuals who were already infected with COVID, a pilot trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of metformin in younger individuals with long COVID is warranted.

Therefore, a pilot, adaptive randomized controlled trial has been proposed, which will evaluate the feasibility of conducting a large platform trial and will also evaluate the efficacy and safety of using metformin versus placebo, (since there's no approved therapy for it) in managing fatigue in long COVID adolescent patients with persistent features of fatigue (chronic fatigue syndrome).
A novel water soluble substance (I) isolated from beta-haemolysed streptococci of Gp A reacts immunologically with antibodies in the serum of patients whose have recovered from acute glomerulonephritis and with the antibodies of patients who have previously been given streptococci of Gp A. (I) is isolated by (a) dispersing the streptococci of Gp A in approx. neutral water; (b) mechanically beating this mixt either by subjecting it to pressure and then suddenly releasing the presure or by treating with supersonic waves, keeping the temp. of the mixt. under 70 degrees C in order to break open the cells, (c) sepg. the supernatant, which contains the desired substance from the water insoluble cell fragments and (d) recovering (I) from the supernatant. (I) stimulates the formation of AGN antibodies.
Each patient will receive intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 10 mg in 2.5 ml and 0.5 ml saline with 3 mL total volume. Continous 50 ml saline infusion for 10 min followed by 200 ml saline infusion till the end of surgery.
Paramedics commonly experience both poor sleep and mental health symptoms. Clarifying whether sleep or mental health symptoms are a challenge prior to commencement of employment is important, as early prevention and intervention initiatives during training could support these workers. Paramedicine students (n=53) were included, with sleep disorder screening (obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia and restless legs syndrome), and mental health outcomes (depressive symptoms: Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and anxiety symptoms: General Anxiety Disorder-7). Data were analysed using robust regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and shift work status. Meeting criteria for a sleep disorder (n=21) was associated with higher scores for anxiety (8.2 [95% CI: 5.9-10.5] v 4.6, [3.4-5.8]) and depressive symptoms (11.1 [8.6-13.6] v 4.4 [3.1-5.7)] compared to those who did not meet the criteria for a sleep disorder (n=32). Depressive symptoms were lower in those with perceived control over sleep (5.2 [3.2-7.2] v 9.8 [7.7-11.8]). There was no interaction between sleep disorder risk and perceived control over sleep on mental health symptoms. Investigation and management of factors contributing to low perceived control over sleep, together with early screening and management of sleep disorders, are likely to be important priorities to support paramedic student wellbeing prior to commencing shift work.
Described are pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one steroidal drug such as a progestin (e.g. drospirenone, progesterone, eplerenone, etonogestrel) and/or an estrogen (estradiol and esters thereof) in molecularly dispersed form. The composition comprises a steroidal drug, preferably drospirenone, which is present in the composition in a non-particulate form. Preferably, the drug is present in a dissolved state in the excipient. The molecularly dispersed drug will be released very fast as dissolution takes place instantly when the dosage unit has disintegrated. Also described are methods for preparing the pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using the compositions.
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a major cause of childhood disabilities including cerebral palsy, developmental delay, attention deficits, behavioral concerns, and learning disabilities. Accurate prediction of neurologic deficits in the neonatal period is difficult, especially the ability to predict later cognitive impairment and socio-emotional challenges. Many of these disabilities are manifested at school age when the child is beyond the critical time window of early brain development. Prognostic tools that help to identify neonates most at risk of developing neuro-deficits after perinatal asphyxia are needed and would enable targeted early intervention in infancy, when the developing brain is most amenable to positive changes and improve neurologic outcome. Currently, structural changes observed in MRI brain images are used to predict outcome. However, this modality does not provide information on brain function, nor is it a good prognostic marker of future neurocognitive outcome. Functional MRI (fMRI) is time-consuming and not commonly a part of clinical assessment of the neonates. Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) using near-infrared light has been applied in research settings to map the functional connections between key brain regions. This technology, although reported to be safe and reliable in small studies, has not been widely used in the neonatal clinical setting. This approach is based on the synchronous, spontaneous fluctuations of cerebral blood flow in different regions of the brain that are functionally, yet not necessarily anatomically connected. DOT combines the portability and cap-based scanning of EEG with spatial resolution high enough to create detailed cortical maps of the neonatal brain. Compared to MRI and fMRI brain imaging, DOT is portable, light weight, has high body motion tolerance, does not produce noise and does not require infant sedation. It has the potential to be a powerful bedside non-invasive clinical neuroimaging tool. Currently, the predictive accuracy of DOT based neonatal brain connectivity measures in prognosticating early childhood is unknown. This study aims to assess the feasibility of the processes that are key to the success of a large-scale prospective study aimed at investigating the prognostic value of bedside DOT derived biomarker in neonatal brain after perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
Patients undergo MRI scan at baseline. Patients then receive hyperpolarized carbon C 13 pyruvate IV over less than 1 minute and undergo MRSI scan at baseline. Patients then continue to undergo MRSI scans that follow the clinical MRI schedule set by doctors to monitor patients' care.
Devices will be programmed to continuous atrial pacing at an AAI (atrial inhibited pacing) setting with base rate 90 bpm. Patients will not receive ventricular pacing.
OBJECTIVES: While patient input to health technology assessment (HTA) has traditionally been of a qualitative nature, there is increasing interest to integrate quantitative evidence from patient preference studies into HTA decision making. Preference data can be used to generate disease-specific health utility data. We generated a health utility score for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and consider its use within HTAs.
METHODS: Based on qualitative research, six symptoms were identified as important to COPD patients: shortness of breath, exacerbations, chronic cough, mucus secretion, sleep disturbance, and urinary incontinence. We employed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) and the random parameter logistic regression technique to estimate utility scores for all COPD health states. The relationship between patients' COPD health utility scores, self-perceived COPD severity, and EQ-5D-3L utility scores was analyzed, with data stratified according to disease severity and comorbidity subgroups.
RESULTS: The COPD health utility score had face validity, with utility scores negatively correlated with patients' self-perceived COPD severity. The correlation between the COPD health utility scores and EQ-5D-3L values was only moderate. While patient EQ-5D-3L scores were impacted by comorbidities, the COPD health utility score was less impacted by comorbid conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: Our COPD utility measure, derived from a DCE, provides a patient-centered health utility score and is more sensitive to the COPD health of the individual and less sensitive to other comorbidities. This disease-specific instrument should be considered alongside generic health-related quality of life instruments when valuing new COPD therapies in submissions to licensing and reimbursement agencies.
PN40082 (manufactured by Prollenium Medical Technologies) is a clear, colorless gel in 1.0 mL pre-filled syringes with 25 mg/mL of stabilized hyaluronic acid and lidocaine 0.3% w/w. The study device will be provided by the Sponsor.
Persistent systemic chronic inflammatory conditions are linked with many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a leading cause of death across the globe. Among various risk factors, one of the new possible contributors to CVDs is the metabolism of essential amino acid tryptophan. Proinflammatory signals promote tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine (KYN) pathway (KP), thereby resulting in the biosynthesis of several immunomodulatory metabolites whose biological effects are associated with the development of symptoms and progression of various inflammatory diseases. Some participants in the KP are agonists of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a central player in a signaling pathway that, along with a regulatory influence on the metabolism of environmental xenobiotics, performs a key immunomodulatory function by triggering various cellular mechanisms with the participation of endogenous ligands to alleviate inflammation. An AhR ligand with moderate affinity is the central metabolite of the KP: KYN; one of the subsequent metabolites of KYN-kynurenic acid (KYNA)-is a more potent ligand of AhR. Understanding the role of AhR pathway-related metabolites of the KP that regulate inflammatory factors in cells of the cardiovascular system is interesting and important for achieving effective treatment of CVDs. The purpose of this review was to summarize the results of studies about the participation of the KP metabolite-KYNA-and of the AhR signaling pathway in the regulation of inflammation in pathological conditions of the heart and blood vessels and about the possible interaction of KYNA with AhR signaling in some CVDs.
In the control group, newborns will receive standard DCC defined as time based and performed at 60 seconds after birth, depending on the clinical condition of the infant, in accordance with the ERC guidelines 2021.Then infants will be transferred to a standard resuscitation table located in a stabilization room next to the operating room. Further treatment and intervention required for cardiopulmonary stabilization will be provided on the standard resuscitation table. Stabilization will start as soon as the infant is placed on the resuscitation table. The nurse will place the oximeter sensor on the right wrist, ECG electrodes on the chest and temperature probe on the right hypochondrium of the newborn. Local resuscitation guidelines will be in respect of the Newborn Life support European Resuscitation Council 2021 guidelines. The time to reach the stabilisation described above (a HR above 100 bpm and SpO 2 above 85% while using supplemental oxygen less than 0,4) is recorded.
Patients receive gemcitabine hydrochloride IT on day 1. Within 33 hours, patients receive standard chemotherapy comprising fluorouracil IV on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36 and undergo standard radiation therapy 5 days a week for 6 weeks.
Research has shown that the more drug treatments patients with cancer of the colon or rectum receive, the longer they live. One uses the drugs capecitabine and oxaliplatin which all patients on this study will receive. Bevacizumab is an antibody which blocks blood flow to tumors and increases how long patients with colorectal cancer live. However, it can increase the risk of stroke and heart attack. Bevacizumab is currently a standard part of treatment for colorectal cancer. Cetuximab is an antibody which blocks a protein called EGFR which shrinks colorectal cancer. It may be helpful with initial chemotherapy and with bevacizumab. One goal of this study is to find out the response rate (chance of tumor shrinking) with two treatments for colorectal cancer. All patients will get capecitabine, oxaliplatin and cetuximab. Half will receive bevacizumab. All drugs in this study are approved to treat colorectal cancer. This research study is being done to find the best, safest way to combine these therapies.
The dynamic interplay between nuclear and mitochondrial processes plays a pivotal role in cellular homeostasis and disease progression. Exploiting this nuclear-mitochondrial cross-talk has emerged as a promising avenue in the field of theranostics, offering enhanced drug delivery and diagnostic precision for a wide range of medical conditions, particularly cancer. This abstract provides a brief overview of the key concepts and recent advancements in this rapidly evolving field. Recent research has elucidated the significance of mitochondrial dysfunction in various diseases, including cancer. Mitochondria, often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell, not only regulate energy production but also contribute to critical processes such as apoptosis, ROS generation, and metabolic signaling. Dysregulation of these mitochondrial functions is frequently associated with disease pathogenesis. In theranostics, the targeted modulation of mitochondrial function holds great promise. Mitochondria-targeted drug delivery systems have been designed to selectively deliver therapeutic agents to these organelles, thereby mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction while minimizing off-target effects. This precise drug delivery enhances the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs and reduces the risk of drug resistance. Moreover, the diagnostic potential of nuclear-mitochondrial cross-talk is being harnessed to develop novel biomarkers and imaging techniques. Mitochondrial DNA mutations and alterations in mitochondrial metabolism serve as valuable indicators of disease progression and drug responsiveness. Non-invasive imaging modalities, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been employed to visualize mitochondrial activity and assess therapeutic outcomes.
Excitatory glutamatergic NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are key regulators of spinal pain processing, and yet the biophysical properties of NMDARs in dorsal horn nociceptive neurons remain poorly understood. Despite the clinical implications, it is unknown whether the molecular and functional properties of synaptic NMDAR responses are conserved between males and females or translate from rodents to humans. To address these translational gaps, we systematically compared individual and averaged excitatory synaptic responses from lamina I pain-processing neurons of adult Sprague-Dawley rats and human organ donors, including both sexes. By combining patch-clamp recordings of outward miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents with non-biased data analyses, we uncovered a wide range of decay constants of excitatory synaptic events within individual lamina I neurons. Decay constants of synaptic responses were distributed in a continuum from 1-20 ms to greater than 1000 ms, suggesting that individual lamina I neurons contain AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-only as well as GluN2A-, GluN2B- and GluN2D-NMDAR-dominated synaptic events. This intraneuronal heterogeneity in AMPAR- and NMDAR-mediated decay kinetics was observed across sex and species. However, we discovered an increased relative contribution of GluN2A-dominated NMDAR responses at human lamina I synapses compared with rodent synapses, suggesting a species difference relevant to NMDAR subunit-targeting therapeutic approaches. The conserved heterogeneity in decay rates of excitatory synaptic events within individual lamina I pain-processing neurons may enable synapse-specific forms of plasticity and sensory integration within dorsal horn nociceptive networks. KEY POINTS: Synaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in spinal dorsal horn nociceptive neurons are key regulators of pain processing, but it is unknown whether their functional properties are conserved between males and females or translate from rodents to humans. In this study, we compared individual excitatory synaptic responses from lamina I pain-processing neurons of male and female adult Sprague-Dawley rats and human organ donors. Individual lamina I neurons from male and female rats and humans contain AMPA receptor-only as well as GluN2A, GluN2B- and GluN2D-NMDAR-dominated synaptic events. This may enable synapse-specific forms of plasticity and sensory integration within dorsal horn nociceptive networks. Human lamina I synapses have an increased relative contribution of GluN2A-dominated NMDAR responses compared with rodent synapses. These results uncover a species difference relevant to NMDAR subunit-targeting therapeutic approaches.
Patients receive oral gefitinib daily. Courses repeat every 8 weeks for up to 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
The invention relates to an application of kaurane compounds in preparing medicaments for treating erectile dysfunction, and the structural formula of the kaurane compounds is shown as a figure (I). Wherein: r1 represents hydrogen, hydroxy or alkoxy. R2 represents a carboxyl group, a carboxylate, an acid halide, an aldehyde group, a hydroxyl group, and an ester group, an acrylamide group, an acyl group or an ether bonding group which can be hydrolyzed to form a carboxyl group. R3, R4, R5, R6 and R8 represent oxygen, hydroxyl, hydroxymethyl and an ester group or alkoxy group which can be hydrolyzed to form hydroxymethyl. R7 represents a methyl group, a hydroxyl group, and an ester group or an alkoxy group which can be hydrolyzed to form a hydroxymethyl group. R9 represents methylene or oxygen.
KEY POINTS: Morphometry allows for a more prognostic multidimensional quantification of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) in kidneys than does visual inspection. The density of IFTA foci is determined by dividing the number of contiguous IFTA patches in the kidney cortex by the area of cortex. Higher density of IFTA foci significantly predicted renal allograft failure beyond %IFTA and other biopsy and clinical characteristics.
BACKGROUND: Contraction of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) may cause %IFTA to under-represent the severity of nephron loss. Higher density of IFTA foci is an important predictor of progressive CKD in native kidneys independent of %IFTA.
METHODS: We studied kidney transplant recipients transplanted between 2000 and 2013 who had a 5-year surveillance kidney biopsy and subsequent follow-up. Banff ci score (interstitial fibrosis) was obtained from the pathology reports. After digitizing the biopsies, we traced cortex area and each distinct IFTA focus on a single trichrome-stained section. Percent IFTA area and IFTA foci density (count of IFTA foci/cortex area) were calculated. Cox models assessed the risk of death-censored graft failure after the 5-year biopsy with Banff ci score, morphometric %IFTA, and IFTA foci density.
RESULTS: There were 58 death-censored allograft failures among 835 kidney recipients during the 5 years of follow-up. Biopsies from grafts that failed had higher mean Banff ci score (1.5 versus 0.7, P < 0.0001), %IFTA (22.6% versus 7.0%, P < 0.0001), and IFTA foci density (1.3/mm2 versus 0.4/mm2, P < 0.0001). After adjusting for other Banff scores or clinical variables, Banff ci did not correlate with allograft failure, but both higher %IFTA (hazard ratio = 1.56, P < 0.0001) and higher IFTA foci density (hazard ratio = 2.34, P < 0.0001) did. All but four allograft failures by 10 years had biopsies in the top quartile of either %IFTA or IFTA foci density at 5 years. A model using just these two morphometric measures without clinical characteristics resulted in a c-statistic of 0.891 with respect to allograft failure.
CONCLUSIONS: Morphometric characterization of IFTA foci density is a strong predictor of death-censored allograft failure not captured in current Banff classification for grading of kidney fibrosis.
Patients undergo scrambler therapy for 30 minutes daily for up to 10 consecutive days. Treatment continues in the absence of unacceptable toxicity.
Ocular surface is composed of corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. Normal cornea is essential for normal vision. Defects in renewal and repair of ocular surface as a result of limbal stem cell deficiency are now known to cause varying ocular surface morbidity including persistent photophobia, repeated and persistent surface breakdown and overt conjunctivalisation of the cornea. Restoring ocular health in these eyes has traditionally been frustrating. Ex vivo cultured limbal epithelial stem cells have been used successfully to treat limbal stem cell deficiency. Ex-vivo limbal stem cell allograft transplantation is achieved by harvesting limbal corneal tissue from donor eyes (either matched living relatives or cadaveric donors). The donor stem cells are obtained by excising a small area of the conjunctiva at the limbus and are a minor procedure. The tissue so obtained is then grown in tissue culture and once the cells have multiplied sufficiently, small sheets are transplanted on to the affected eye(s), backed with an amniotic membrane. The surgery is undertaken under either local or general anesthesia.