anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
One embodiment is a method for use in a system comprising a plurality of software applications relating to healthcare and a context manager to facilitate sharing of a context between at least two of them, the context comprising a plurality of subjects including a patient subject and a user subject. The software applications comprise a first application and a target application, wherein the target application has no natively programmed capability to share the context. The method comprises providing a manipulator program that provides the target application with the capability to share the context. Another embodiment is a method for use in a system comprising a target computer having a user interface hosting environment and a target application executing thereon. The method comprises providing a manipulator program that hooks into the user interface hosting environment to provide inputs to the target application substantially simultaneously with inputs provided from a user. A further embodiment is a method of providing a manipulator program that is external to the target application and hooks into at least one application interface for the target application that is not natively programmed to be an interface to an independent external program, wherein the manipulator program is programmed to, after a user has logged into the target application, communicate with the target application via the application interface to provide the target application with a capability to perform at least one function not natively programmed.
All subjects will undergo controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. They will be treated with variable dosages of injectable gonadotrophins over a period of 8 to 12 days. Response will be monitored using vaginal ultrasound and serum estradiol levels. When appropriate follicle maturation has been achieved, a single dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) will be administered to induce final oocyte maturation. Thirty-six hours after hCG administration, the subject will undergo standard transvaginal oocyte retrieval under ultrasound guidance. The procedure takes approximately 20 minutes and is carried out under conscious sedation with Fentanyl and Versed. The oocytes are immediately handed off to the embryology technicians in the IVF laboratory.
The invention discloses the flexible liposome of rotigotine and a transdermal administration preparation with hydrophilic stroma thereof, which belongs to the field of pharmaceutical preparation. The flexible liposome of rotigotine consists of solid phase ingredient and solvent. The solid phase ingredient is composite consists of the rotigotine, phospholipid and active surface agent with the following weight percentage content: the content of the rotigotine is 2 to 35 percent, the content of the phospholipid is 20 to 95 percent and the content of the active surface agent is 3 to 45 percent. The solvent is aether, chloroform, ethanol, ethanol water or aqueous phase. The weight volume concentration of the solid phase ingredient in the solvent is 0.5 to 10 percent (w/v; g/ml). The flexible liposome of rotigotine has advantages that the flexible liposome can facilitate the medicine to penetrate skin; the phospholipid also can be used as transdermal enhancer to promote the absorption of the medicine; the skin transmittance of the flexible liposome of the rotigotine is higher than the skin transmittance of the rotigotine by 34 percent. The transdermal patches of the hydrophilic stroma of the flexible liposome of the rotigotine are easier to be prepared than the patches that are prepared in the manner of a micro storage pool. And the transdermal patches of the hydrophilic stroma of the flexible liposome of the rotigotine have high repeatability, which is significant to industrial production.
FIELD: medicine; pharmaceutics.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to pharmaceutics and represents a method for producing antibiotic microcapsules, characterized in that the active substance is dispersed by re-precipitation in an aqueous solution of a dispersant, followed by the addition of a solution of a water-insoluble polymer in acetone, an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer and a final precipitator, wherein the active substance used is oxytetracycline, ceftriaxone or ofloxacin; as a water-insoluble polymer solution - 1 wt. % solution of acetyl cellulose or nitrocellulose in an amount equal to the weight of the aqueous dispersion of the active substance; water-soluble polymer solution is 1 wt. % sodium alginate solution or 0.5 wt. % guar gum solution in an amount equal to or twice the weight of the aqueous dispersion of the active substance; final precipitation agent is 10 wt. % sodium chloride solution in an amount equal to or one and a half times less than the weight of the aqueous dispersion of the active substance; as a dispersant - Cremophor® EL in amount of 1.0 wt. % of the weight of the active substance.EFFECT: invention enables to obtain microcapsules capable of forming stable aqueous dispersions and providing prolonged release of the active substance.1 cl, 4 dwg, 4 ex
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a top ten leading cause of death globally despite it being a largely curable disease. New effective treatment supervision strategies are needed particularly in low-resource high TB burden settings and a potential solution is in the hands of nearly every patient - a mobile phone. Modern modular design mobile phone software applications ("apps") hold great promise to address this unmet need.

Current technologies allows for rapid design modification based on end user needs, implementation of native operating system (e.g., Android) versions for users with inconsistent internet access, and the integration of the patients' experiences with electronic health records using industry standards. Apps can perform multiple functions (e.g., automated reminders, symptom tracking, secure messaging, multi-media education). To date, few TB related apps have focused on patients as users, and none support patient engagement in self-management of their care or direct adherence monitoring. The research objectives are to understand end user needs and other stakeholder needs to build, refine, and pilot test an app to support patients self-administering treatment for active TB.
The initial dose of ICP-192 is 2 mg, QD, and dose escalation schedule may be modified based on the safety and PK from the previous dose. Tentatively seven dose levels will be evaluated.
All of the bitewing radiographs will be evaluated by two experienced restorative dentists for caries. All observers will be instructed on the definition of the rating scale before the examination sessions. The observers will be using the following a 5-point confidence scale as follows: 1=caries definitely absent; 2=caries probably absent; 3=equal chance of caries being present or absent; 4=caries probably present; 5=caries definitely present. If caries was detected a second 5-point confidence scale as follows: 1=caries mostly absent (\< 25%); 2=caries slightly presence( 25%-50%) ; 3=about half of the border are presence; 4=caries probably clear ( most boarders are presence); 5=caries definitely clear ( all borders are presence ).
BACKGROUND: Brachial plexus injury is recognized as one of the most severe clinical challenges due to the complex anatomical configuration of the brachial plexus and its propensity for variation, which complicates safe clinical interventions. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and characterize the types of brachial plexus variations, and to elucidate their clinical implications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted meticulous dissections of 60 formalin-fixed cadavers' upper arm, axilla and lower neck to reveal and assess the roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches of the brachial plexus. The pattern of branching was noted by groups of dissecting medical students and confirmed by the senior anatomists. The variations discovered were record and photographed using a digital camera for further analysis.
RESULTS: Variations in the brachial plexus were identified in 40 of the 60 cadavers, yielding a prevalence rate of 66.7%. These variations were classified into root anomalies (2.1%), trunk anomalies (8.5%), division anomalies (2.1%), and cord anomalies (4.3%). Notably, anomalies in communicating branches were observed in 39 cadavers (83.0%): 14 with bilateral anomalies, 14 with anomalies on the left side, and 11 on the right side. These communicating branches formed connections between the roots and other segments, including trunks, cords, and terminal nerves, and involved the median, musculocutaneous, and ulnar nerves.
CONCLUSION: The frequency and diversity of brachial plexus variations, particularly in communicating branches, are significant in cadavers. It is imperative that these variations are carefully considered during the diagnostic process, treatment planning, and prior to procedures such as supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks and nerve transfers, to mitigate the risk of iatrogenic complications.
FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to zinc-containing antidote of lethal and severe poisonings with ethanol. Claimed antidote represents intramolecular tricyclic complex of triethanolamine with zinc salts of inorganic or organic acids (2, 8, 9-trihydrozincatran), the ratio of triethanolamine to zinc salts being 1:1. Invention also relates to method of treating ethanol poisoning by introduction into organism of zinc-containing antidote in 5 vol.% ethanol in dose range 30-60 mg/kg of body weight. ^ EFFECT: prevention of lethal outcome in case of ethanol poisoning and reduction of acute toxicity of zinc-containing antidote. ^ 9 cl, 5 ex
The risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) significantly increases in individuals carrying the APOEε4 allele. Elderly cognitively healthy individuals with APOEε4 also exist, suggesting the presence of cellular mechanisms that counteract the pathological effects of APOEε4; however, these mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that APOEε4 carriers without dementia might carry genetic variations that could protect them from developing APOEε4-mediated AD pathology. To test this, we leveraged whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data in the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Disease Family Based Study (NIA-AD FBS), Washington Heights/Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP), and Estudio Familiar de Influencia Genetica en Alzheimer (EFIGA) cohorts and identified potentially protective variants segregating exclusively among unaffected APOEε4 carriers. In homozygous unaffected carriers above 70 years old, we identified 510 rare coding variants. Pathway analysis of the genes harboring these variants showed significant enrichment in extracellular matrix (ECM)-related processes, suggesting protective effects of functional modifications in ECM proteins. We prioritized two genes that were highly represented in the ECM-related gene ontology terms, (FN1) and collagen type VI alpha 2 chain (COL6A2) and are known to be expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), for postmortem validation and in vivo functional studies. An independent analysis in a large cohort of 7185 APOEε4 homozygous carriers found that rs140926439 variant in FN1 was protective of AD (OR = 0.29; 95% CI [0.11, 0.78], P = 0.014) and delayed age at onset of disease by 3.37 years (95% CI [0.42, 6.32], P = 0.025). The FN1 and COL6A2 protein levels were increased at the BBB in APOEε4 carriers with AD. Brain expression of cognitively unaffected homozygous APOEε4 carriers had significantly lower FN1 deposition and less reactive gliosis compared to homozygous APOEε4 carriers with AD, suggesting that FN1 might be a downstream driver of APOEε4-mediated AD-related pathology and cognitive decline. To validate our findings, we used zebrafish models with loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in fn1b-the ortholog for human FN1. We found that fibronectin LOF reduced gliosis, enhanced gliovascular remodeling, and potentiated the microglial response, suggesting that pathological accumulation of FN1 could impair toxic protein clearance, which is ameliorated with FN1 LOF. Our study suggests that vascular deposition of FN1 is related to the pathogenicity of APOEε4, and LOF variants in FN1 may reduce APOEε4-related AD risk, providing novel clues to potential therapeutic interventions targeting the ECM to mitigate AD risk.
Morphine sulfate tablets are an opioid agonist, available in 15 mg and 30 mg for oral administration. Chemically, morphine sulfate is 7,8-didehydro-4,5α-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6α-diol sulfate (2:1) (salt) pentahydrate. Morphine sulfate, USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder or a fine white to light yellow powder. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol but is practically insoluble in chloroform or ether. The octanol: water partition coefficient of morphine is 1.42 at physiologic pH and the pka is 7.9 for the tertiary nitrogen (the majority is ionized at pH 7.4). Its molecular formula is (C 17H 19NO 3) 2 ∙ H 2SO 4 ∙ 5H 2O, and it has the following chemical structure: 

Each tablet contains 15 or 30 mg of morphine sulfate, USP and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, and stearic acid.
Smoking during pregnancy remains a major public health problem as at least 12% of pregnant women cannot quit smoking during pregnancy. This addiction is the largest preventable cause of childhood respiratory illness, including asthma, and children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy show lifetime decreases in pulmonary function. Smoking is a unique morbidity in that it is addictive, heavily advertised and recent genome studies show there are genotypes that significantly increase the likelihood of being unable to quit. Teen pregnancy, low income, low education, and living with another smoker are important factors increasing the odds of smoking during pregnancy. Pulmonary function tests done shortly after birth in babies born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy show decreased pulmonary function as measured by decreased respiratory flows and respiratory compliance and altered tidal breathing patterns. These changes can still be measured even after the infants have reached adulthood. Multiple epidemiologic studies show that these decreases in pulmonary function lead to increased respiratory disease and costs of hundreds of millions of dollars per year.

The primary aim of this double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized, multi-site study is to demonstrate improved pulmonary function testing at 3 months of age, in infants delivered to smoking mothers who are randomized to 500 mg/day of supplemental vitamin C versus placebo at less than or equal to 22 weeks of pregnancy. We will recruit 278 smoking pregnant women into the study. Patients will meet with research personnel at each prenatal visit and smoking cessation will be actively encouraged. Patients will be monitored with a set of serial biomarkers to assess smoking and medication compliance, including urine cotinine levels, smoking questionnaires, pill counts and fasting plasma ascorbic acid levels. Pulmonary function tests will be done at 3 months of age and will measure forced expiratory flows. The infants will also be followed through one year of age with monthly validated respiratory questionnaires and a follow-up pulmonary function test at 12 months of age. Success of this study is supported by strong pilot data showing statistically significant improvements at about 48 hours of age in pulmonary function tests in infants born to smoking mothers who received vitamin C versus placebo, and preliminary data showing a lower incidence of wheezing at 12 months of age in these infants. Key genetic polymorphisms shown to increase sensitivity to in-utero smoke exposure will also be measured. The success of this study is also supported by animal models showing the effectiveness of vitamin C to preserve pulmonary function and genetic and epidemiologic studies linking the effects of smoking during pregnancy to oxidant mechanisms. The secondary aims of the study include: 1) to demonstrate a decreased incidence of wheezing through 12 months of age in infants delivered to smoking mothers who are randomized to 500mg/day of supplemental vitamin C versus placebo during pregnancy; 2) to demonstrate improved pulmonary function tests at 12 months of age in these infants.
Valproic acid is a carboxylic acid designated as 2-propylpentanoic acid. It is also known as dipropylacetic acid. Valproic acid has the following structure:

Valproic acid (pKa 4.8) has a molecular weight of 144 and occurs as a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. It is slightly soluble in water (1.3 mg/mL) and very soluble in organic solvents.

Valproic Acid Oral Solution is an antiepileptic for oral administration. The oral solution contains the equivalent of 250 mg valproic acid per 5 mL as the sodium salt. 

Inactive Ingredients

alcohol (less than 0.05%), artificial cherry flavor, artificial wild cherry flavor, corn syrup solids, FD&C Red No. 40, glycerin, hydrochloric acid, liquid sugar, methylparaben, potassium phosphate dibasic, propylene glycol, purified water, sodium benzoate and sodium hydroxide. The pH range is between 7.0 and 8.0.
Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic drug that is available as tablets. Aripiprazole is 7-[4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1- piperazinyl]butoxy]-3,4-dihydrocarbostyril. The molecular formula is C23H27Cl2N3O2 and its molecular weight is 448.39. The chemical structure is:

Each aripiprazole tablet intended for oral administration contains 2 mg or 5 mg or 10 mg or 15 mg or 20 mg or 30 mg of aripiprazole, USP. In addition, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: aspartame, calcium stearate, crospovidone and mannitol. Each tablet except 2 mg strength also contains flavor firmenich powder peppermint.

FDA approved dissolution test specifications differ from USP.
Following demonstration that single autologous transplantation for the treatment of younger patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma prolonged overall survival in comparison with conventional chemotherapy, double autologous transplantation was tested, initially in refractory myeloma and subsequently to include also patients with newly diagnosed disease. To explore the role of double autologous stem-cell transplantation as part of up-front therapy for multiple myeloma, in 1996 we launched a prospective, randomized trial comparing a single course of stem-cell-supported melphalan with the same regimen followed, after three to six months, by a second autologous transplantation in support of melphalan and busulfan. The study was designed to detect a 15 percent increase in complete or near complete response rate with double transplants compared to a single transplantation. With a 2-sided significance level α = 0.05 and a power 1-β = 0.80, 162 patients were required in each treatment arm of the study to detect a statistically significant increase in complete or near complete response rate from 30% in the single-transplant arm to 45% in the double-transplant arm. Primary study endpoint was the complete or near complete response rate. Secondary study endpoints were relapse-free survival, event-free survival and overall survival. The recruitment target was 324 patients.
In this arm, the children received, orally, the combination of midazolam and ketamine. Midazolam, at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg (maximum dose 20 mg) and ketamine, at a dose of 3 mg/kg (maximum dose 50 mg). After fifteen minutes of this drug administration, the investigators start to provide sevoflurane, through a nasal hood, in an initial concentration of 0.1%, with 0.1% increment every 30 seconds, until a final expired concentration between 0.3 and 0.4%.
Antibodies that specifically bind to a peptide having an amino acid sequence as found at the N-terminus of the HA2 fusion peptide of the influenza A virus may be raised by inoculating a mammal with a conjugate of the peptide. In one embodiment, the conjugate comprises the peptide linked to a spacer (e.g. 6-aminocaproic acid) and a carrier protein (e.g. KLH). The antibodies may be used as a universal reagent for detecting HA proteins of influenza viruses. The antibodies are useful as versatile reagents for laboratory research and vaccine potency determination, especially in the event of pandemic influenza outbreaks.
Cilostazol’s effects on platelet aggregation were evaluated in both healthy subjects and in patients with stable symptoms of cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, transient ischemic attack, or cerebral arteriosclerosis over a range of doses from 50 mg every day to 100 mg three times a day. Cilostazol significantly inhibited platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. The effects were observed as early as 3 hours post-dose and lasted up to 12 hours following a single dose. Following chronic administration and withdrawal of cilostazol, the effects on platelet aggregation began to subside 48 hours after withdrawal and returned to baseline by 96 hours with no rebound effect. A cilostazol dosage of 100 mg twice daily consistently inhibited platelet aggregation induced with arachidonic acid, collagen and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Bleeding time was not affected by cilostazol administration.

Effects on circulating plasma lipids have been examined in patients taking cilostazol. After 12 weeks, as compared to placebo, cilostazol 100 mg twice daily produced a reduction in triglycerides of 29.3 mg/dL (15%) and an increase in HDL-cholesterol of 4.0 mg/dL (≅ 10%). 

Drug Interactions   
Aspirin   
Short-term (less than or equal to 4 days) coadministration of aspirin with cilostazol increased the inhibition of ADP- induced ex vivo platelet aggregation by 22% to 37% when compared to either aspirin or cilostazol alone. Short-term (less than or equal to 4 days) coadministration of aspirin with cilostazol increased the inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation by 20% compared to cilostazol alone and by 48% compared to aspirin alone. However, short- term coadministration of aspirin with cilostazol had no clinically significant impact on PT, aPTT, or bleeding time compared to aspirin alone. Effects of long-term coadministration in the general population are unknown.

In eight randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials, aspirin was coadministered with cilostazol to 201 patients. The most frequent doses and mean durations of aspirin therapy were 75 to 81 mg daily for 137 days (107 patients) and 325 mg daily for 54 days (85 patients). There was no apparent increase in frequency of hemorrhagic adverse effects in patients taking cilostazol and aspirin compared to patients taking placebo and equivalent doses of aspirin.

Warfarin   
Cilostazol did not inhibit the pharmacologic effects (PT, aPTT, bleeding time, or platelet aggregation) of R- and S- warfarin after a single 25-mg dose of warfarin. The effect of concomitant multiple dosing of warfarin and cilostazol on the pharmacodynamics of both drugs is unknown.