anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in the hospital are associated with various adverse outcomes, including increased complications, length of stay, cost, and mortality. To address this issue, Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) established an Inpatient Glucose Management Program in 2006 to address hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia and to ensure safe, standardized care delivery for hospitalized patients with diabetes. To support nursing education and compliance with JHH glucose management policies, the diabetes nursing "superuser" program was initiated in January 2007 and was critical to implementing the hypoglycemia policy nursing interventions. Following the establishment of hospital-wide glucose management policies and order sets for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, the nursing diabetes "superuser" education program, and clinical decision support tools for prescribers, there was a significant and sustained reduction in the incidence of hypoglycemia (\~20%) over a 3-year time period. However, the incidence of severe hyperglycemia was not significantly reduced by these interventions, indicating a differential impact of the program on hyperglycemia compared to hypoglycemia. The investigators believe this disparity is due to the hypoglycemia policy being implemented by the nursing staff, whereas the hyperglycemia policy and order set are implemented by prescribers (e.g., housestaff and hospitalists). Given the success of the investigators nursing program's in contributing to sustained reduction in hypoglycemia, the investigators hypothesize that an analogous diabetes prescriber superuser program, targeting physicians, will be an effective educational approach to addressing persistent hyperglycemia. The investigators proposal (1) it seeks to improve diabetes treatment in the hospital, a routine and relevant healthcare setting and (2) it utilizes existing healthcare infrastructure integrated into all hospitals-nursing staff and physicians-making it practical, scalable, and sustainable in other health systems. The investigators have the following specific aims: (1) to develop the diabetes prescriber superuser educational curriculum through Johns Hopkins Health System (JHHS) stakeholder community engagement; (2) to refine and package the JHH diabetes nursing and prescriber superuser educational curricula into an electronic tool kit and disseminate it locally to the 3 JHHS hospitals, based on stakeholder feedback; and (3) to evaluate the impact of implementing the JHH diabetes nursing and prescriber superuser programs at 3 JHHS hospitals on glycemic clinical outcome measures (primary). The investigators will secondarily assess the program's impact on glycemic process and economic measures.
PURPOSE:To provide a hair dye exhibiting a smooth miscibility with water and a spreadability, capable of actively improving the touch of hairs simultaneously with hair dyeing and easy to rinse after hair dyeing. CONSTITUTION:A hair dye containing (A) a powdery oxide prepared by oxidative polymerization of an oxidation and/or a nitro dye and (B) a cationic surfactant (e.g. stearyltrimethylammonium chloride) and/or a nonionic surfactant (e.g. fatty acid monoglyceride ester). The component (A) is a polymer composed mainly of a trimer and this polymer can be synthesized by an oxidative polymerization under a condition in which the molar ratio of the oxidizing agent to the dye is within 0.5 to 3.0. The mixing ratio of both the components is within a range of A/B=100/0.1 to 100/100, preferably 100/2 to 100/40 on weight base.
Patients will be individually prescribed to a 10-week exercise program with both aerobic and resistance components. Prior to beginning the intervention, patients will participate in a maximal graded exercise test (VO2R) using a cycle ergometer with a metabolic cart and integrated ECG.
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea poses a major threat to bovine calves leading to mortality and economic losses. Among the causes of calf diarrhea, bovine rotavirus is a major etiological agent and may result in dysbiosis of gut microbiota. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum (Accession No.OR504458) on the microbial composition of rotavirus-infected calves using 16S metagenomic analysis technique. Screening of rotavirus infection in calves below one month of age was done through clinical signs and Reverse Transcriptase PCR. The healthy calves (n = 10) were taken as control while the infected calves (n = 10) before treatment was designated as diarrheal group were treated with Probiotic for 5 days. All the calves were screened for the presence of rotavirus infection on each day and fecal scoring was done to assess the fecal consistency. Infected calves after treatment were designated as recovered group. Fecal samples from healthy, recovered and diarrheal (infected calves before sampling) were processed for DNA extraction while four samples from each group were processed for 16S metagenomic analysis using Illumina sequencing technique and analyzed via QIIME 2.
RESULTS: The results show that Firmicutes were more abundant in the healthy and recovered group than in the diarrheal group. At the same time Proteobacteria was higher in abundance in the diarrheal group. Order Oscillospirales dominated healthy and recovered calves and Enterobacterials dominated the diarrheal group. Alpha diversity indices show that diversity indices based on richness were higher in the healthy group and lower in the diarrheal group while a mixed pattern of clustering between diarrheal and recovered groups samples in PCA plots based on beta diversity indices was observed.
CONCLUSION: It is concluded that probiotic Limosilactobacillus Fermentum N-30 ameliorate the dysbiosis caused by rotavirus diarrhea and may be used to prevent diarrhea in pre-weaned calves after further exploration.
Both groups will undergo a progressive exercise program given as Phase-1, Phase-2, and Phase-3 for 6 weeks. The Percussion massage group will receive percussion massage therapy for a total of 5 minutes for each muscle group.The application will be done to the Quadriceps and Hamstring muscle groups before exercise. The device will be used with a soft connection head at 33-40 Hz. A total of 5 minutes of percussion massage will be applied to each muscle group. In the first 2.5 minutes of the massage therapy, the medial side of the focus muscle will be targeted, and in the second 2.5 minutes, the lateral side of the focus muscle will be targeted. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) will be applied to the Quadriceps muscle group for facilitation and reeducation purposes.
Breast cancer cells have certain characteristics or traits--these traits are called biomarkers. There are three biomarkers that help doctors decide which treatment to give any given patient. These biomarkers are the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and HER2 protein. Breast cancer cells that have a large number of estrogen or progesterone receptors are called ER and/or PgR positive. Cancers that are ER and/or PgR positive use the hormones estrogen and progesterone to help them grow. Not all breast cancers are ER or PgR positive. Patients are being asked to take part in this study that have a special type of breast cancer called HER2 positive breast cancer. HER2-positive breast cancer is a breast cancer that tests positive for a protein called human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). HER2 is located on the outer surface of a cancer cell. The HER2 protein sends a signal to the inside of the cancer cells telling it to grow and divide.

Two medications that directly target this HER2 protein. One is called trastuzumab(Herceptin), and the other is called lapatinib (Tykerb). Both medications are FDA-approved for the treatment of women with HER2+ breast cancer. Each medication attaches to the protein so that it can no longer function. Once the protein stops working, the cancer cells can no longer make copies of themselves. This makes cancer shrink. Both drugs target HER2; however each drug works a little bit differently.

Some patients respond better to Herceptin, and some patients respond better to Tykerb. Right now, we are not sure why some patients respond to one drug but do not respond to the other drug. One possibility is that in some patients, the HER2 protein finds another way to send its message to the inside of the cell (similar to a road detour). For example, when one path is "closed" because the drug is blocking it, the HER2 protein finds a different way to send its signal. We think that we can completely block the HER2 protein by giving patients both Tykerb and Herceptin.

Some patients with HER positive breast cancer are also ER and/or PgR positive. Even after HER2 is completely blocked, these types of cancer cells can still grow by using the estrogen or progesterone receptor. If a patient is told they are ER and/or PgR positive, they will also take an anti-estrogen pill along with Tykerb and Herceptin. We think that we can stop cancer growth more completely by blocking both the HER2 protein and the ER/PR receptors.
The CALGB conducted a phase III study (CALGB 9583) in which 260 men with AiPC were randomly assigned to antiandrogen withdrawal together with simultaneous ketoconazole and hydrocortisone versus antiandrogen withdrawal alone, followed by sequential ketoconazole and hydrocortisone. Metastatic disease with progression despite castrate levels of testosterone, prior antiandrogen therapy for a minimum of 4 weeks, and a minimum PSA level of 5 ng/mL were required; treatment with sequential antiandrogens was allowed. No prior chemotherapy was allowed. Bone marrow biopsies were obtained from 164 patients enrolled on CALGB 9583 and from 20 patients enrolled on CALGB chemotherapy trials (CALGB 9480, 9680, 9780).
AIMS: To explore the incidence and complexity of women presenting for maternity care who require concurrent cancer care, and to report the birth outcomes of these women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective audit of women attending a 'high risk' maternal medicine clinic at an Australian tertiary maternity hospital between 1 October 2021 and 30 April 2023 was conducted. The inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of cancer and a concurrent pregnancy, or a diagnosis of cancer prior to the current pregnancy. Clinic lists and coding data were screened via the electronic medical record to identify potential subjects. Data were collected from the individual maternity and neonatal records.
RESULTS: Forty of 705 (5.7%) women attending the maternal medicine clinic met the inclusion criteria, of which ten had a new diagnosis of cancer in pregnancy and 30 presented for maternity care after a previous diagnosis of cancer. Cancer therapy during pregnancy included surgery and chemotherapy. Most pregnancies (92.5%) resulted in term deliveries (≥37 weeks gestation). Four neonates were preterm, and one was small-for-gestational-age. Caesarean section delivery and post-partum haemorrhage were more common than expected, but the rate of other adverse pregnancy outcomes was consistent with the background population. Over half of neonates required neonatal intensive care unit / special care nursery admission but the indications for admission were common, self-limiting conditions, and the length of stay was short (mean <5.0 days).
CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 6% of women attending the maternal medicine clinic had a current or previous diagnosis of cancer. Most pregnancies resulted in term deliveries and neonatal outcomes were excellent.
The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased by more than two-fold over the past three decades, with \~60% of diabetics in the world currently living in Asian countries. Type 2 diabetes occurs at a younger age and at lower body mass index (BMI \< 22 kg/m2) in Asians as compared other ethnic groups. Among the various evidence based approaches to diabetes prevention, diet plays one of the most important roles. In particular, food based interventions are beginning to emerge as superior strategies in the prevention of type 2 diabetes compared to nutrient based approaches. It is important of course to align food based interventions to the cultural and region specific aspects of food choice and eating behavior if such lifestyle pattern is to be implemented in a given population. To this effect, the investigators will investigate the effects of a multiple food components in combination on metabolic health outcomes, within an Asian dietary context. This proposed study will be undertaken in prediabetics who are at greater life-time risk of developing type 2 diabetes than their normoglycemic counterparts.

Based on the current evidence, the investigators will design a food based intervention consisting of a diet rich in legumes, low GI starches (such as rice, noodles),healthier vegetable oil blends (such as rice bran, peanut, sesame seed and sunflower oils) as well as certain herbs and spices. As part of this study, each volunteer will be provided with 2 of their 3 meals per day, consisting of the above mentioned foods, for a period of 16 weeks. The control group will also be provided 2 meals per day, matched for the total calorie contents. The total calorie content of each provided meal will be approximately 500 kcal for males and 400 kcal for females. The difference in the calorie contents between the genders will be made up by using prepacked snacks. There will also be further differences in the snack types between the two intervention (treatment vs control) groups. While the treatment group will consist of healthier snacks such as seeds and wholemeal crackers, the control group snack ingredients will be made from refined flour biscuits etc. The remaining foods (free choice) during the day will be monitored regularly by the study dietitian to ensure a small calorie deficit that should lead to an approximately 5% weight loss in both intervention and control groups. Therefore, while it is expected that even the control group will achieve some metabolic health benefits during this 16 week dietary intervention (indirectly due to weight loss), the investigators anticipate that the treatment group will attain greater benefits as compared to the control group, due to the differences in their food constituents. The effects of dietary interventions on metabolic health will be assessed at every 4-8 week intervals. The primary outcome measures will include several markers of glucose homeostasis (including HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and a 2-hr oral glucose tolerance test \[OGTT\]). The secondary outcomes will include blood lipid profile, fructosamine, adiponectin, markers of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
In 1995 Henrik Kehlet described the concept of fast track surgery after colectomy. It consisted of a multimodal and multidisciplinary approach that aimed at controlling the surgical stress response and at mitigating its consequences. Subsequently postoperative recovery is improved and accelerated, which allows a median hospital stay of 2-days after laparoscopic colectomy. The concept of fast track surgery progressively evolved into enhanced recovery programme (ERP). The acceleration of postoperative recovery and the reduction in the duration of hospitalisation are not associated with an increased incidence of surgical complications nor a greater rate of unplanned hospital readmission, but rather result in less medical complications. The economic benefits are obvious.

The elderly present specific physical, metabolic and socio-environmental characteristics that should be considered in case of surgery. Age has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor for postoperative morbidity after colorectal surgery, but this was reported before the development of ERP. Indeed implementation of ERP significantly reduces the rate of postoperative complications, even in the elderly. Increased risk of postoperative morbidity in elderly as compared to younger patients is nevertheless commonly admitted. Moreover adherence of elderly with the items of ERP is usually considered inferior than that of younger patients. Adaptation of ERP to the specificities of elderly is sometimes advocated. All these explain the reluctance of many practitioners to propose ERP in older patients. However recent meta-analyses suggest that implementation of ERP is feasible and efficient in these patients. The retrospective analysis of our first 100 patients introduced in our audit database revealed even similar length of hospital stay for elderly and younger patients.

The investigators therefore compared the length of hospital stay in the elderly and the younger patients and tested the hypothesis of non-inferiority for elderly patients as compared to younger patients. This is a retrospective analysis of 270 consecutive patients scheduled for colorectal surgery, all managed with the same ERP protocol, and prospectively introduced in our audit database.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the contact mechanics and kinematic changes in the stifle in different standing angles.
STUDY DESIGN: We performed a biomechanical ex vivo study using pairs of canine cadaver hindlimbs. Motion sensors were fixed to the tibia and the femur for kinematic data acquisition. Pressure mapping sensors were placed between the femur and both menisci. Thirty percent bodyweight was applied to the limbs with the stifle in 125, 135, or 145 degrees of extension.
RESULTS: Stifle flexion angle influences femoromeniscal contact mechanics significantly. The load on both menisci was significantly higher for 125 and 135 degrees in comparison to 145 degrees. Additionally, the center of force was located significantly more caudal when comparing 125 to 145 degrees in the medial meniscus as well as in both menisci combined.
CONCLUSION: The angle of knee flexion significantly impacts the contact mechanics between the femur and the meniscus. As the knee flexes, the load on both menisci increases.
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a prevalent complication of joint replacement surgery which has the potential to decrease patient satisfaction, increase financial burden, and lead to long-term disability. The identification of risk factors for CPSP following TKA and THA is challenging but essential for targeted preventative therapy. Recent meta-analyses and individual studies highlight associations between elevated state anxiety, depression scores, preoperative pain, diabetes, sleep disturbances, and various other factors with an increased risk of CPSP, with differences observed in prevalence between TKA and THA. While the etiology of CPSP is not fully understood, several factors such as chronic inflammation and preoperative central sensitization have been identified. Other potential mechanisms include genetic factors (e.g., catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 6 (KCNJ6) genes), lipid markers, and psychological risk factors (anxiety and depression). With regards to therapeutics and prevention, multimodal pharmacological analgesia, emphasizing nonopioid analgesics like acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), has gained prominence over epidural analgesia. Nerve blocks and local infiltrative anesthesia have shown mixed results in preventing CPSP. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonist, exhibits antihyperalgesic properties, but its efficacy in reducing CPSP is inconclusive. Lidocaine, an amide-type local anesthetic, shows tentative positive effects on CPSP. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) have mixed results, while gabapentinoids, like gabapentin and pregabalin, present hopeful data but require further research, especially in the context of TKA and THA, to justify their use for CPSP prevention.
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a common malignant tumor, requires deeper pathogenesis investigation. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation process that is frequently blocked during cancer progression. It is an urgent need to determine the novel autophagy-associated regulators in NSCLC. Here, we found that pirin was upregulated in NSCLC, and its expression was positively correlated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of pirin inhibited autophagy and promoted NSCLC proliferation. We then performed data-independent acquisition-based quantitative proteomics to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in pirin-overexpression (OE) or pirin-knockdown (KD) cells. Among the pirin-regulated DEPs, ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) was downregulated in pirin-KD cells while upregulated along with pirin overexpression. ODC1 depletion reversed the pirin-induced autophagy inhibition and pro-proliferation effect in A549 and H460 cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that ODC1 was highly expressed in NSCLC cancer tissues and positively related with pirin. Notably, NSCLC patients with pirinhigh/ODC1high had a higher risk in terms of overall survival. In summary, we identified pirin and ODC1 as a novel cluster of prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC and highlighted the potential oncogenic role of the pirin/ODC1/autophagy axis in this cancer type. Targeting this pathway represents a possible therapeutic approach to treat NSCLC.
INTRODUCTION: Vibegron is a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist approved for overactive bladder (OAB). This analysis assessed real-world adherence and persistence with vibegron in patients with OAB, along with demographics and clinical characteristics associated with adherence and persistence.
METHODS: This retrospective study used the Optum Research Database to identify patients treated with vibegron from April 2021 to August 2022 (identification period). Patients had ≥ 60 days of continuous pharmacy coverage in a commercial or Medicare Advantage plan following the index fill (follow-up). Adherence was assessed as proportion of days covered (PDC) from index to end of follow-up and was defined as PDC ≥ 80%. Persistence was measured as days to discontinuation of therapy (30-day gap) or end of follow-up. Data for adherence and persistence are presented descriptively. Characteristics associated with adherence and persistence were analyzed using multivariable models among patients with medical and pharmacy benefits during the 90 days before index (baseline).
RESULTS: Overall, 9992 patients had a vibegron claim during the identification period; 9712 had ≥ 2 months of follow-up. Mean (SD) age was 74.2 (10.7) years; 68.2% were female. Mean (SD) PDC was 0.64 (0.34). Median (95% confidence interval) persistence was 142 (132-153) days. Of the 5073 patients who were ≥ 18 years old with continuous baseline pharmacy and medical benefits ≥ 90 days before index, 2497 (49.2%) were adherent. Patients were more likely to be adherent and persistent if they received a greater days' supply for the index fill and had baseline medication count ≥ 6. Patients were more likely to discontinue if their index copay was > $45.
CONCLUSION: Nearly half of the patients initiating vibegron were adherent. Factors associated with adherence and persistence were more likely to be related to prescribing practices than patient characteristics. These results suggest it may be best to follow up with patients approximately 4 to 5 months after initiating treatment with vibegron.