anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Vietnamese people use mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) to treat arthritis and gout. Our previous research shows that mugwort contains flavonoids, and its extract possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. However, no publications have been on the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of mugwort and acute anti-inflammatory activity in vivo.
AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aimed to verify the antioxidant, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and anti-inflammatory capabilities of mugwort extract in vitro and in vivo, isolate phyto-compounds from potential bioactive fractions, and then evaluate their potential in inhibiting xanthine oxidase.
METHODS: According to established methods, the extract and the active flavonoids were obtained using different chromatographic techniques. DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and H2O2 elimination were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. The model of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells was used to measure the inhibition of NO production. The carrageenan-induced paw oedema model was used to assess acute inflammation in mice. In vitro, xanthine oxidase inhibition assay was applied to investigate the effects of extract/compounds on uric acid production. Chemical structures were identified by spectral analysis.
RESULTS: The assessment of the acute inflammatory model in mice revealed that both the 96% ethanol and the 50% ethanol extracts significantly decreased oedema in the mice's feet following carrageenan-induced inflammation. 96% ethanol extract exhibited a better reduction in oedema at the low dose. The analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids. Additionally, this fraction demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in various assays, such as DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and H2O2 removal. Furthermore, it displayed the most potent inhibition of xanthine oxidase, an anti-inflammatory activity. Five phytochemicals were isolated and determined from the active fraction such as luteolin (1), rutin (2), apigenin (3), myricetin (4), and quercetin (5). Except for rutin, the other compounds demonstrated the ability to inhibit effective xanthine oxidase compared to standard (allopurinol). Moreover, quercetin (5) inhibited NO production (IC50 21.87 μM).
CONCLUSION: The results indicate that extracts from A. vulgaris effectively suppressed the activity of xanthine oxidase and exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially leading to a reduction in the production of uric acid in the body and eliminating ROS. The study identified mugwort extract and bioactive compounds derived from Artemisia vulgaris, specifically luteolin, apigenin, and quercetin, as promising xanthine oxidase inhibitors. These findings suggest that further development of these compounds is warranted. At the same time, the above results also strengthen the use of mugwort to treat gout disease in Vietnam.
Lung cancer has been the most serious malignancy around the world which has the highest morbidity and mortality amount all the malignant tumors. Due to the wide spread of lung cancer screening, more and more early stage lung cancer patients have been diagnosed. Video-assisted segmentectomy is a standard surgical procedure in treating early stage peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, anatomical variations of pulmonary vessel may cause serious problems, for example unexpected bleed during surgery. Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT), which is reconstructed based on the standard chest CT image, presents 3D images of pulmonary vessels and the tracheobronchial tree and therefore helps operative planning. There are several retrospective studies addressed the importance of 3-dimensional CT in the field of pulmonary segmentectomy. And the aim of this multicenter randomized controlled trial is to compare the usefulness of 3-dimensional CT and standard chest CT in preoperative planning of video-assisted segmentectomy.
BACKGROUND: Status epilepticus (SE) is a severe acute condition in neurocritical care with high mortality. Searching for risk factors affecting the prognosis in SE remains a significant issue. The primary study's aim was to test the predictive values of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and the Modified 11-item Frailty Index (mFI-11), the biomarkers and basic biochemical parameters collected at ICU on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) assessed at hospital discharge (hosp), and three months later (3 M), in comatose patients with SE. The secondary aim was to focus on the association between the patient's state at admission and the duration of mechanical ventilation, the ICU, and hospital stay.
METHODS: In two years single-centre prospective pilot study enrolling 30 adult neurocritical care patients with SE classified as Convulsive SE, A.1 category according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force without an-/hypoxic encephalopathy, we evaluated predictive powers of CFS, mFI-11, admission Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS), serum protein S100, serum Troponin T and basic biochemical parameters on prognosticating GOS using univariate linear regression, logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis.
RESULTS: Our study included 60% males, with a mean age of 57 ± 16 years (44-68) and a mean BMI of 27 ± 5.6. We found CFS, mFI-11, STESS, and age statistically associated with GOS at hospital discharge and three months later. Among the biomarkers, serum troponin T level affected GOS hosp (p = 0.027). Serum C-reactive protein significance in prognosticating GOS was found by logistic regression (hosp p = 0.008; 3 M p = 0.004), and serum calcium by linear regression (hosp p = 0.028; 3 M p = 0.015). In relation to secondary outcomes, we found associations between the length of hospital stay and each of the following: age (p = 0.03), STESS (p = 0.009), and serum troponin T (p = 0.029) parameters.
CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study found promising predictive powers of two frailty scores, namely CFS and mFI-11, which were comparable to age and STESS predictors regarding the GOS at hospital discharge and three months later in ICU patients with SE. Among biomarkers and biochemical parameters, only serum troponin T level affected GOS at hospital discharge.
The invention provides methods and compositions for the delivery of poorly absorbed drugs. In some embodiments, the drug is administered in the form of microparticles or nanoparticles. In other embodiments, the drug is encapsulated with polymer. In certain embodiments, the drug is administered in combination with an absorption enhancer. The invention further relates to dosing schedules to maintain the oral bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs, such as paclitaxel. In another embodiment, the method involves administering inhibitors of one or more inhibitors of a drug efflux pump in combination with a poorly absorbed drug.
A placebo is administered subcutaneously over the course of 6 weeks. A placebo is administered subcutaneously over the course of 12 weeks.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been confirmed to be an important modulator and therapeutic target of cervical cancer (CC). The aim of this study is to explore the role and mechanism of circ_0081723 in CC progression. Circ_0081723, microRNA-545-3p (miR-545-3p), and CREB3 regulatory factor (CREBRF) levels were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. CREBRF, ki-67, Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax), and E-cadherin expression levels were determined using western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. Cell proliferation was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), cell colony formation, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis.  Cell migration and invasion were examined using Transwell assay. Interaction between miR-545-3p and circ_0081723 or CREBRF was verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The biological role of circ_0081723 on CC growth was examined using the xenograft tumor model in vivo. Circ_0081723 and CREBRF were increased, and miR-545-3p was decreased in CC tissues and cells. Circ_0081723 silencing suppressed CC cell growth and motility whereas boosted CC cell apoptosis. Besides, circ_0081723 acted as a molecular sponge for miR-545-3p, and circ_0081723 knockdown-induced effects were largely reversed by miR-545-3p downregulation in CC cells. Moreover, miR-545-3p repressed CC progression by targeting CREBRF.  Circ_0081723 absence blocked xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Circ_0081723 stimulated CC cell malignant behaviors by regulating the miR-545-3p/CREBRF pathway, providing a possible circRNA-targeted therapy for CC.
Participants will receive NNC9204-1706 for 10 weeks. There will be a 2-week follow-up period after the treatment period.
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a globally distributed virus that causes severe clinical symptoms and high mortality in fish belonging to the families Cyprinidae and Siluridae. To protect the host against viral infection, understanding the relatedness between viral susceptibility and antiviral mechanisms must be crucial. Thus, we evaluated the viral suppression efficacy of ribavirin by measuring the transcription levels of viral and immune genes in vitro. The results showed that following ribavirin treatment after SVCV infection (MOI 0.1), ribavirin inhibited SVCV replication in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells and completely inhibited viral gene (G and N) expression at concentrations above 10 μg/mL at 48 h post-infection. Ribavirin does not directly damage SVCV particles but inhibits early viral replication. In the absence of SVCV infection, the immunological dynamics triggered by ribavirin resulted in upregulated pattern recognition receptors and proinflammatory cytokine-related genes (i.e., PI3K, MYD88, IRAK1, RIG-І, MAVS, Mx1, TNF-α, and NF-κB). Furthermore, EPC cells treated with ribavirin following SVCV infection showed upregulation of PI3K, MYD88, IRAK1, RIG-І, TNF-α, and NF-κB genes within 24 h post-SVCV infection, suggesting that ribavirin positively inhibits the SVCV infection in vitro.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and frailty and examine factors associated with frailty among older patients with and without sarcopenia.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on older inpatients and outpatients in Vietnam. Participants aged 60 years or older were consecutively enrolled in the study. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria. Fried's frailty phenotype was applied to define frailty. Logistic regression models with frailty as the dependent variable were applied.
RESULTS: A total of 835 patients (mean age: 71.3 years, SD 8.4) were recruited. The overall prevalence of frailty was 17%. Among participants with and without frailty, 92% and 47% had sarcopenia, respectively. In unadjusted analysis, sarcopenia was significantly associated with increased frailty (OR 12.3, 95% CI 6.7-22.6) and remained significant after adjustment for sociodemographic factors (OR 6.3, 95% CI: 3.0-12.6) and for both sociodemographic and clinical factors (OR 5.4, 95% CI: 2.4-12.2). Among participants with sarcopenia, older age, inpatient status, having a high risk for falls, malnutrition and a history of hospitalisation in the last year were significantly associated with frailty. Among participants without sarcopenia, the factors associated with frailty were older age, inpatient status, low educational level, high risk of falls and malnutrition.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study results highlighted that sarcopenia and frailty are two related but distinct geriatric syndromes.
The main aim of this project is to evaluate, in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD5D), the role of adhesion molecules in leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration involved in atherogenesis. This trial is a prospective randomized crossover study in CKD5D hemodialysis patients followed in the Nephrology Unit of the Reina Sofia University Hospital (Cordoba, Spain). The estimated inclusion period is two years, with a follow-up of 24 months. Patients will be randomized to high-flux hemodialysis versus online hemodiafiltration with high convective transport (above 21 liters); after 6 months in each dialysis modality they will be switched the other technique for another 6 months. Then, patients will be maintained during 4 weeks in conventional hemodialysis "wash out period", before being started in the other dialysis modality. Patients will be stratified by age, gender and the presence of diabetes. Routine analytical determinations (urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chlorine, total CO2, calcium, phosphorus, FA, PTH, levels 25OH, β2m, ALT, hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, glucose, uric acid, total proteins, albumin , PCR, IL-6, ferritin, TSAT and homocysteine), characteristics of hemodialysis and dialysis dose (Kt / V and Kt) will be recorded. Residual renal function will be analysed every three months. In plasma, microRNAs profile and FGF23 levels will be determined. Markers of endothelial dysfunction (CD31 +, CD41-, CD144, CD62E) and subclinical atherosclerosis markers (CD11b, CD41 +) will be measured. The hospitalization and mortality rate due to cardiovascular causes and concurrent cardiovascular events throughout the study (acute myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack and peripheral vascular disease) will be assessed along the study period.
INTRODUCTION: Distal radius fracture (DRF) is one of the three most common fractures of the human body with increasing incidences in all groups of age. Known causes of increasing incidence, such as ageing of the population or increased obesity, have been described and discussed. So far, literature reports ambivalent effects of body mass index (BMI) on bone physiology. It is worthwhile to examine the influence of BMI on the outcome of fractures more detailed. This study aims to investigate the influence of an abnormal BMI on fracture severity and treatment, as well as clinical, radiological, and functional outcome to improve clinical decision making.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted on data obtained from patients, who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a DRF at a local Level 1 Trauma Center between May 2018 and October 2021. Follow-up examinations were performed approximately 1 year after surgical fracture treatment, during which various questionnaires and functional measurements (CMS, DASH, NRS, ROM) were applied. In addition, postoperative complications were recorded and radiological examinations of the affected hand were performed. After excluding incomplete data sets and applying set exclusion criteria, the complete data of 105 patients were analyzed.
RESULTS: 74 patients were female and 31 male with significant difference in mean BMI [p = 0.002; female: 23.8 (SD ± 3.3), men: 26.2 (SD ± 3.9)]. Patients with higher BMI had significantly more severe fractures (p = 0.042). However, there was no significant difference in surgery time for fracture management. At follow-up, patients with lower BMI showed a smaller difference in hand strength between the fractured and the other hand (p = 0.017). The BMI had no significant effect on the clinical and radiological outcome.
CONCLUSION: Despite the ambivalent effects of BMI on the skeletal system, our findings indicate that a higher BMI is associated with more severe DRF. Thereby BMI does not correlate with surgery time for fracture treatment. Furthermore, no evidence of an influence on the clinical and radiological outcome could be detected.
Subjects were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive intravenous ciprofol or propofol 1 hour prior to diagnosis and treatment. A centralized random grouping method was used in this study. After screening subjects, the researchers in each test center will log in to the random system after being confirmed by the researchers of the center, fill in the screening information, obtain the random number information, and issue the corresponding study drugs according to the random number. Random shelter number was generated by SAS software, and was used as the total blind base pair drug number and imported into the centralized random grouping system. In this study, evaluation researchers and drug administration researchers were set up. The whole process of the experiment was blind not only to the subjects, but also to the evaluation researchers. Evaluation investigators and administration investigators were set up in this study. The administration investigators were only involved in the process of random grouping, drug dispensing and administration, and the other processes including informed consent of subjects, screening, evaluation of efficacy indicators and safety, and planned visits were all completed by the evaluation investigators.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

In clinical trials using multiple doses of cefepime, 4137 patients were treated with the recommended dosages of cefepime (500 mg to 2 g intravenous every 12 hours). There were no deaths or permanent disabilities thought related to drug toxicity. Sixty-four (1.5%) patients discontinued medication due to adverse events thought by the investigators to be possibly, probably, or almost certainly related to drug toxicity. Thirty-three (51%) of these 64 patients who discontinued therapy did so because of rash. The percentage of cefepime-treated patients who discontinued study drug because of drug-related adverse events was very similar at daily doses of 500 mg, 1 g, and 2 g every 12 hours (0.8%, 1.1%, and 2%, respectively). However, the incidence of discontinuation due to rash increased with the higher recommended doses.

The following adverse events (Table 8) were thought to be probably related to cefepime during evaluation of the drug in clinical trials conducted in North America (n=3125 cefepime-treated patients).

At the higher dose of 2 g every 8 hours, the incidence of probably-related adverse events was higher among the 795 patients who received this dose of cefepime. They consisted of rash (4%), diarrhea (3%), nausea (2%), vomiting (1%), pruritus (1%), fever (1%), and headache (1%).

The following (Table 9) adverse laboratory changes, irrespective of relationship to therapy with cefepime, were seen during clinical trials conducted in North America.

A similar safety profile was seen in clinical trials of pediatric patients (see PRECAUTIONS: Pediatric Use).
Human Data 

A two-year open-label, randomized, parallel-group safety study of retinal deterioration and vision compared pramipexole dihydrochloride tablets and immediate-release ropinirole. Two hundred thirty four Parkinson’s disease patients (115 on pramipexole, mean dose 3 mg/day and 119 on ropinirole, mean dose 9.5 mg/day) were evaluated using a panel of clinical ophthalmological assessments. Of 234 patients who were evaluable, 196 had been treated for two years and 29 were judged to have developed clinical abnormalities that were considered meaningful (19 patients in each treatment arm had received treatment for less than two years). There was no statistical difference in retinal deterioration between the treatment arms; however, the study was only capable of detecting a very large difference between treatments. In addition, because the study did not include an untreated comparison group (placebo treated), it is unknown whether the findings reported in patients treated with either drug are greater than the background rate in an aging population. 

Animal Data 

Pathologic changes (degeneration and loss of photoreceptor cells) were observed in the retina of albino rats in the 2-year carcinogenicity study. While retinal degeneration was not diagnosed in pigmented rats treated for 2 years, a thinning in the outer nuclear layer of the retina was slightly greater in rats given drug compared with controls. Evaluation of the retinas of albino mice, monkeys, and minipigs did not reveal similar changes. The potential significance of this effect in humans has not been established, but cannot be disregarded because disruption of a mechanism that is universally present in vertebrates (i.e., disk shedding) may be involved [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.2)].
PURPOSE:To concentrate the extract from animals and plants without volatilizing the effective component by cooling a mixture of the liq. extract from animals and plants and a solvent into the form of sherbet, and then centrifugally separating the extract. CONSTITUTION:The mixture 5 of the liq. extract from animals and plants and a solvent, for example a crude drug 1, is dipped in the water 3 as the solvent in a vessel 2, and the vessel 2 is heated by a heating means 4 to obtain the mixture of the water 3 and the liq. extract as the effective component of the crude drug 1. The mixture is indirectly cooled into the form of sherbet, and the sherbet is separated by a centrifugal separator into the ice resulting from the solidification of water and the liq. extract. As a means for indirectly cooling the mixture 5, a mixture 7 of acetone and dry ice, for example, is stored in a vessel 6, and the vessel 2 contg. the mixture 5 is partially dipped. As a result, the extract from animals and plants can be concentrated without volatilizing the effective component.
PRCIS: Initial presentation of glaucoma at a major eye clinic mostly features advanced disease with a high proportion of blindness. This is likely a microcosm of a nationwide issue requiring concerted strategies to detect glaucoma early.
PURPOSE: To characterize the severity stage of new glaucoma patients in Congolese attending a university eye clinic.
METHODS: New glaucoma patients (n=118) were labeled as early or late presenters based on visual field sensitivity in the worse eye.
RESULTS: Mean age was 58.9±15.7 years, 51.7% were males. Overall, the worse eye had advanced, whereas the better eye had moderate glaucoma, with an asymmetry of -7.4 dB ( P <0.001). Blindness was present in 30.5% of worse and 5.1% of better eyes. Seventy-two patients (61.0%) were late presenters. Visual acuity was lower ( P <0.001), intraocular pressure (IOP) higher ( P =0.02), cup-to-disc ratio larger ( P =0.011), and retinal nerve fiber layer thinner ( P =0.001) in late presenters' worse than better eye. The worse and better eyes of late presenters had advanced glaucoma, with a -9.6 dB interocular asymmetry ( P <0.001); 40.3% and 8.3% were blind, respectively. In early presenters, the worse and better eyes had moderate and early disease, respectively; the asymmetry was -3.2 dB ( P <0.001), and 15.2% were blind. Overall, 58.5% and 65.3% presented with advanced disease in the worse eye based on visual field and cup-to-disc ratio criteria of the Canadian Ophthalmological Society staging scale, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Most new glaucoma patients had bilateral advanced but asymmetric disease. These findings call for the establishment of community-based measures for early detection of glaucoma and a referral network system connecting community healthcare to tertiary eye clinics.