anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Colchicine is a substrate for both cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Verapamil hydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and P-gp. This study will evaluate the effect of multiple doses of extended-release verapamil hydrochloride (verapamil HCl ER) on the pharmacokinetic profile of a single 0.6 mg dose of colchicine. On study Day 1 after a fast of at least 10 hours, twenty-four healthy, non-smoking, non-obese, non-pregnant adult volunteers between the ages of 18 and 45 will be given one dose of colchicine (1 x 0.6 mg tablet). Fasting will continue for 4 hours after the dose. Blood samples will be drawn from all participants before dosing and for 24 hours post-dose on a confined basis at times sufficient to adequately define the pharmacokinetics of colchicine. Blood sampling will then continue on a non-confined basis on Days 2-5. After a 14 day washout period, on Day 15 subjects will return to the clinic for dosing of verapamil HCl ER (1 x 240 mg tablet) and a post-dose confinement period of 12 hours. Subjects will return on Days 16-19 for a morning dose of verapamil HCl ER (1 x 240 mg tablet). Verapamil HCl ER doses administered on Days 15-18 will not necessarily be in a fasted state. On the morning of Day 19 after a fast of at least 10 hours, all study participants will receive co-administered single doses of colchicine (1 x 0.6 mg) and verapamil HCl ER (1 x 240 mg). Fasting will continue for 4 hours following these doses and subjects will be confined to the clinic for dosing and for 24 hours after the dose. Blood samples will be drawn at times sufficient to adequately define the pharmacokinetics of colchicine in the presence of verapamil HCL at steady state. Blood sampling will continue on a non-confined basis on Days 20-23. A further goal of this study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of this regimen in healthy volunteers. Subjects will be monitored throughout participation in the study for adverse reactions to the study drug and/or procedures. Vital signs (blood pressure and pulse) will be measured pre-dose and 1, 2, and 3 hours post-dose on Day 1, pre-dose and 12 hours post-dose on Day 15, and pre-dose and 1, 2 ,3 and 12 hours post-dose on Day 19 to coincide with peak plasma concentrations of both colchicine and verapamil HCl ER. All adverse events whether elicited by query, spontaneously reported, or observed by clinic staff will be evaluated by the Investigator and reported in the subject's case report form.
Doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets may also be administered by carefully breaking up the tablet and sprinkling the tablet contents (delayed-release pellets) on a spoonful of applesauce. The delayed-release pellets must not be crushed or damaged when breaking up the tablet. Any loss of pellets in the transfer would prevent using the dose. The applesauce/doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets mixture should be swallowed immediately without chewing and may be followed by a glass of water if desired. The applesauce should not be hot, and it should be soft enough to be swallowed without chewing. In the event that a prepared dose of applesauce/doxycycline hyclate delayed-release tablets mixture cannot be taken immediately, the mixture should be discarded and not stored for later use.
A soluble form of riboflavin is produced by heating it with urea, urethane, acetamide or nicotinamide until fused, an acidic salt being optionally added before or after heating; the proportions are preferably equimolecular, and the product may or may not be a definite chemical compound.  In the examples: (1) riboflavin is fused with urea, and monosodium phosphate, cooled and dissolved in water; (2) riboflavin is fused with nicotinamide, cooled and dissolved in water containing thiamine hydrochloride and pyridoxine hydrochloride; (3) riboflavin is fused with acetamide; (4) riboflavin is fused with urethane.  According to the Specification as open under Sect. 91, riboflavin and other isoalloxyazines, or derivatives thereof, may be fused with any amide.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:A soluble form of riboflavin is obtained by heating it (preferably in equimolecular proportions) with urea, urethane, acetamide or nicotinamide, an acidic salt being optionally added before or after the heating.  In an example, riboflavine is heated with nicotinamide until fused, cooled and powdered.  The product is dissolved in water containing thiamine hydrochloride and pyridoxine hydrochloride to give a solution of pH 4.9.  The compositions are stated to be useful for the administration of vitamins orally or by injection.
Microglia are resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) with roles in sensing, housekeeping, and defense. Exploring the role of microglia in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the possible therapeutic mechanism of plant-derived natural compounds (PDNCs) that regulate microglia-associated neuroinflammation may potentially help in elucidating the pathogenesis of AD and provide novel insights for its treatment. This review explores the role of abnormal microglial activation and its dominant neuroinflammatory response, as well as the activation of their target receptors and signaling pathways in AD pathogenesis. Additionally, we report an update on the potential pharmacological mechanisms of multiple PDNCs in modulating microglia-associated neuroinflammation in AD treatment. Dysregulated activation of microglial receptors and their downstream pathways impaired immune homeostasis in animal models of AD. Multiple signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and Toll-like receptors, play important roles in microglial activation and can exacerbate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. PDNCs, such as magnolol, stigmasterol, matrine, naringenin, naringin, and resveratrol, can delay the progression of AD by inhibiting the proinflammatory receptors of microglia, activating its anti-inflammatory receptors, regulating the receptors related to β-amyloid (Aβ) clearance, reversing immune dysregulation, and maintaining the immune homeostasis of microglial downstream pathways. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which microglia cause chronic inflammation in AD and evaluates the beneficial effects of PDNCs on immune regulation in AD by regulating microglial receptors and their downstream pathways.
This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine the safety and effectiveness of 650 mg and 1300 mg acetaminophen extended release given three times a day as compared with placebo, for the relief of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the hip or knee for a period of 12 weeks. Propoxyphene Hydrochloride capsules 65 mg are used as rescue medication if subjects experience inadequate pain relief. The primary efficacy assessments are the average change from baseline to the final on-therapy visit for the WOMAN pain subscale score and the WOMAC physical function subscale scare, and the subject's average global assessment of their response to therapy through the final on-therapy visit. Safety assessments at study visits consist of monitoring adverse events, vital signs, study joint assessments and clinical laboratory determinations. The hypothesis is that 1950 mg per day and/or 3900 mg per day acetaminophen extended release are superior to placebo for the relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the hip or knee with respect to all three primary efficacy endpoints. Treatment consisted of either one 650 mg acetaminophen extended release caplet plus one placebo caplet (acetaminophen 1950 mg group); two 650 mg acetaminophen extended release caplets (acetaminophen 3900 mg group); or two placebo caplets administered orally every eight hours for 12 weeks.
Patients randomized to this group were followed retrospectively to collect data on their primary care visits and laboratory results and past medical history over the 12 month study period. They had no contact with study personnel and did not receive any type of intervention.
Delineation of seizure onset regions using intracranial electroencephalography (icEEG) is vital in the surgical workup of drug-resistant epilepsy cases. However, it is unknown whether the complete resection of these regions is necessary for seizure freedom, or whether postsurgical seizure recurrence can be attributed to the incomplete removal of seizure onset regions. To address this gap, we retrospectively analyzed icEEG recordings from 63 subjects, identifying seizure onset regions visually and algorithmically. We assessed onset region resection and correlated this with postsurgical seizure control. The majority of subjects had more than half of their onset regions resected (82.46% and 80.65% of subjects using visual and algorithmic methods, respectively). There was no association between the proportion of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) that was subsequently resected and better surgical outcomes (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] < .7). Investigating the spatial extent of onset regions, we found no substantial evidence of an association with postsurgical seizure control (all AUC < .7). Although seizure onset regions are typically resected completely or in large part, incomplete resection is not associated with worse postsurgical outcomes. We conclude that postsurgical seizure recurrence cannot be attributed to an incomplete resection of the icEEG SOZ alone. Other network mechanisms beyond icEEG seizure onset likely contribute.
PURPOSE: An antioxidant-carrier complex using a copolymer is provided to enhance stability from outer environmental change and structural stability. CONSTITUTION: An antioxidant-carrier complex contains a carrier which is formed by self-assembly of a copolymer containing polyalkylene glycol and polyester; and an antioxidant encapsulated in the carrier. The weight ratio of the polyalkylene glycol and polyester is 1:99-99:1. The polyalkylene glycol and polyester of the copolymer are directly combined or combined by a liner. The linker is a C3-C30 organic compound with two or more functional groups. The linker is gallic acid, aleuritic acid, serinol, cyanuric acid, or 7-hydroxycoumarinyl-4-acetic acid. The antioxidant is polyphenols, flavonoid, or anthocyanine. A food composition contains the antioxidant-carrier complex.
FIELD: medicine, rheumatology. SUBSTANCE: method involves the combined therapy with methotrexat and prospidinum prescribed by intravenous route of administration: methotrexat in the dose 10 mg per a week and prospidinum in the dose 200-300 mg per a week. Method provides the early and expressed effect of treatment and reducing complications in carrying out the immunosuppressive therapy. Invention can be used in treatment of patients with psoriatic arthritis. EFFECT: improved treatment method. 6 tbl, 2 ex
The knee joint is innervated by articular branches of various nerves (femoral, common peroneal, saphenous, tibial and obturator) (Kennedy et al. 1982; Hirasawa et al. 2000). These articular branches around the knee joint are known as genicular nerves. Several genicular nerves can be easily approached percutaneously under fluoroscopic guidance. In our study, genicular nerves were effectively blocked with local anesthetics under fluoroscopic guidance, leading to a significant reduction in knee pain. Rf neurotomy is based on the theory that cutting the nerve supply to a painful structure may alleviate pain and restore function. we evaluate the efficacy of RF neurotomy in reducing pain and improving function in the elderly with chronic knee OA.
Participants will start receiving LY2439821 30 mg once every week for the first 3 doses and then once every 2 weeks until week 44. Investigators or its designees will increase the LY2439821 dose to 160 mg at any visit once the safety of LY2439821 180 mg is confirmed by the Data Review Meeting in Study I1F-JE-RHAL (NCT01253265).
This arm was 4 weeks long. Placebo patch was initiated using a 12.5 cm patch and then increased to the largest tolerated patch size during the first 2 weeks and held steady the last two weeks. Subjects were seen weekly, phone contact was made between visits and dosing could be adjusted as a result of the phone visit.
The invention relates to a processing method of cordyceps sinensis, in particular to a processing method of fungi for edible medicaments, which belongs to the technical fields of food processing and medicine. Cordyceps militaris is a famous and precious fungus with edible and officinal value; the conventional dried product soaked in boiling water for 3 to 5 minutes floats on the surface and is delicious, but offers a fiber feel when chewed. The product of the invention is typically characterized in that after being soaked in he boiling water, the fungus settles down to the bottom of a cup immediately, the color and luster and mouthfeel of the finished product are better than the conventional product, and the finished product is not only delicious, but also is fine, smooth and tender in chewing. Spectral analysis proves that the absorbance of the fungus is increased. In the processing method, matured stroma of the cordyceps militaris is selected and is processed into dried products by adopting methods of ripening and temperature-changing drying, and the dried products are packaged under the condition of GMP to be put on the market. The processing method has the advantages that the product has a long quality guarantee period and is difficult to deteriorate and has good colour and luster and mouthfeel; and the product is incomparably delicious when adding into soup sticks or dishes and tender and flavored in chewing, has no additives and is particularly suitable for industrial production lines. The processing method is a novel method in the technical fields of the food processing and medicine of the cordyceps militaris, and has the wide development prospects and obvious economic benefits.
Background: The incidence of peptic ulcers has decreased during the last decades; the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced the peptic ulcer hospitalizations. The study aimed to assess the admissions and mortality for complicated and uncomplicated peptic ulcers and the influence of the pandemic period. Material and Methods: We performed an observational study at a tertiary academic center, including all patients admitted for peptic ulcers between 2017-2021. We evaluated the admissions for complicated and uncomplicated ulcers and risk factors for mortality. Results: 1416 peptic ulcers were admitted, with an equal proportion of gastric and duodenal ulcers; most patients were admitted for bleeding (66.7%), and perforation (17.3%). We noted a decreasing trend for peptic bleeding ulcer (PUB) and uncomplicated ulcer admissions during 2020-2021, while for perforation no significant variation was recorded; a decreasing mortality in PUB was noted from 2017 to 2020. Admissions for bleeding peptic ulcer have decreased by 36.6% during the pandemic period; the mortality rate was similar. Admissions for perforated peptic ulcer have decreased by 14.4%, with a higher mortality rate during the pandemic period (16.83 versus 6.73%). Conclusion: A decreasing trend for PUB admissions but not for perforated ulcers was noted. Admissions for PUB have decreased by more than 1/3 during the pandemic period, with a similar mortality rate. Admissions for perforated peptic ulcers have decreased by 1/7, with significantly higher mortality rates during the pandemic period.
Approximately 1200 home patients will receive mail surveys. Of these, one thousand and twenty (1,020) patients will be asked to complete the survey once. One hundred and eighty (180) patients will be asked to complete the survey twice.
(See CONTRAINDICATIONS.)

Ribavirin produced significant embryocidal and/or teratogenic effects in all animal species in which adequate studies have been conducted. Malformations of the skull, palate, eye, jaw, limbs, skeleton, and gastrointestinal tract were noted. The incidence and severity of teratogenic effects increased with escalation of the drug dose. Survival of fetuses and offspring was reduced. In conventional embryotoxicity/teratogenicity studies in rats and rabbits, observed no effect dose levels were well below those for proposed clinical use (0.3 mg/kg/day for both the rat and rabbit; approximately 0.06 times the recommended human 24-hour dose of ribavirin). No maternal toxicity or effects on offspring were observed in a peri/postnatal toxicity study in rats dosed orally at up to 1 mg/kg/day (estimated human equivalent dose of 0.17 mg/kg based on body surface area adjustment for a 60 kg adult; approximately 0.01 times the maximum recommended human 24-hour dose of ribavirin).
INTRODUCTION: Early childhood caries (ECC) is closely associated with poor oral hygiene and cariogenic diet. Untreated ECC results in recurrent odontogenic infections and local and systemic consequences. In this study, our goal is to assess the relationship between the intensity of odontogenic infection-associated periapical periodontitis and new generation of systemic inflammatory markers (SII, NLR, PLR) in ECC-affected children.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: 95 healthy patients in early childhood and demonstrating periapical periodontitis who underwent dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA) in the last two years were included in the present study. Their periapical statuses were dichotomized as mild and severe. Periapical Index (PAI) scores of 2 and 3 were regarded as "mild" whereas 4 and 5 as "severe". Of the complete blood test (CBC) parameters, systemic inflammatory index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophilic granulocyte (NEUT), lymphocyte (LYMPH) and platelet (PLT) were recorded. The relationship between the degree of periapical pathology and the evaluated markers was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis.
RESULTS: Results of the present study revealed that mean NLR, SII and NEUT index scores of the patients having severe periapical periodontitis were statistically higher than those of the ones with mild pathology (p < 0.05). A positive, statistically significant interrelationship was found between the number of teeth demonstrating a PAI score of severe periapical periodontitis with the signs of exacerbation (PAI 5) and NLR and SII values (p < 0.05). Area under the ROC curve (AUC) values for NLR and SII were determined as 66.8% and 66.6% respectively, indicating that classification performance was sufficient and statistically significant (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Postponing the management of odontogenic infections will induce some complications such as, infective endocarditis and cause the systemic inflammatory process to continue by aggravating the systemic effects of local lesions. Thus, underlying mechanism should be eliminated and oral hygiene should be maintained, also novel biomarkers may be recommended to be used for the decision-making process for the teeth with persistent periapical lesions unresponsive to treatment.
Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) is increasingly being used in the care of patients suffering acute respiratory failure. High-level evidence supports the use of NPPV to treat exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). More recently, NIV has shown to reduce the need for intubation in selected groups of patients with severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema, immunosuppression, and respiratory failure after lung resection. In their subgroup analysis of the five randomized control trials, however, patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or ARDS still couldn't avoid intubation and death even treated with NPPV. Till now, there has been no randomized controlled study of NPPV in patients with ALI or ARDS. We hypothesized that in patients with ALI/ARDS, early use of NPPV, providing appropriate inspired oxygen concentrations, would prevent intubation as the primary end-point variable, hence avert the poor outcome associated with the need of invasive ventilation. Accordingly, we conducted a prospective, randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of NPPV compared with a standard regime consisting of high-concentration oxygen therapy.
Pain associated with cancer is a common feature among children and adolescents. Among opioids, methadone is a unique drug for its multiple mechanisms of action. Methadone is currently underutilized in children. The use of methadone for cancer pain management in children was assessed in a systematic review. Altogether, 141 children receiving methadone were examined, and another 126 children were assessed for QT prolongation. In the clinical studies, modalities of use, dosing, and duration of assessment were highly variable. In general, methadone was effective and well tolerated with a limited tendency for dose increases. QT prolongation was reported in a percentage of patients independently of the dosages or other variables. The majority of studies considered the use of methadone to be safe and effective in children. Despite methadone possessing interesting properties that make this drug unique in a pediatric context, data is limited, and the literature available is based on retrospective studies. Methadone could be an effective, inexpensive, and versatile medication in children with cancer who have pain. This drug deserves more interest and should prompt studies of better quality with a larger number of patients.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an immunoactivator which can usually be utilized and has excellent immunopotentiation effect by formulating an extract from Tilia thereto. SOLUTION: This immunoactivator is obtained by formulating an extract extracted with water or an organic solvent from Tilia, Tilia platyphyllos Scop., Tilia cordata Mill. or Tilia europaea L., preferably in an amount of 0.001-5.0 wt.% as the dry product based on the whole weight. As the above-stated extract from Tilia, the product obtained by, for example, extracting dry powders of Tilia or undried chips of Tilia with water or an alcohol such as ethanol and the like under stirring at 30-70 deg.C for 1-10 hrs. or at room temperature for 1-20 days, concentrating the filtrate after filtration and further concentrating it under reduced pressure to dryness is usable. The objective immunoactivator can be used in forms of preparations for external use for skin, e.g. ointments and creams, and is useful as an immunopotentiation cosmetic.