anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Hepatectomy remains the first-line treatment for patients with resectable HCC. However, the reported recurrence rate of HCC at 5 years after surgery is between 50% and 70%. Tumor-related factors, including tumor size, number and differentiation, and underlying liver disease are well-known risk factors for recurrence after treatment. In addition to tumor-related factors, ever-increasing amounts of studies are finding that the tumor microenvironment also plays an important role in the recurrence of HCC, including systemic inflammatory response and immune regulation. Based on this, some inflammatory and immune markers were used in predicting postoperative cancer recurrence. These include neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, cytotoxic T cells, and regulatory T cells, among others. In this review, we summarized the inflammatory and immune markers that affect recurrence after HCC resection in order to provide direction for adjuvant therapy after HCC resection and ultimately achieve the goal of reducing recurrence.
We examined the relationship between vision impairment (VI) and new-onset frailty among non-frail Mexican American older adults (≥70 years) at baseline and determined the differential impact of VI on each frailty criteria. Data were from an 18-year prospective cohort from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (1998/1999, N = 1072 to 2016, N = 175). Frailty was defined as ≥3 criteria: unintentional weight loss of >10 pounds, weakness, exhaustion, low physical activity, and slowness. VI was defined as difficulty in recognizing a friend at arm's length's away, across the room, or across the street. We found that participants with VI (near or distant) and distant VI had greater odds of frailty (near or distant VI, OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.30-2.73 and distant VI, OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.34-2.86, respectively) after controlling for covariates over time. Early screening (optimal management) of VI may prevent or delay onset of frailty among older Mexican Americans.
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphocyte aggregates formed in non-lymphoid tissues, including cancers, and are loci for the generation of in situ anti-tumor immune responses, which play a crucial role in cancer control. The state of TLS presence in cancer and its composition can significantly impact the treatment response and prognosis of patients. TLSs have the potential to serve as predictive and prognostic biomarkers for cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying TLS formation in cancer and how the essential components of TLSs affect cancer are not fully understood. In this review, we summarized TLS formation in cancer, the value of the TLS in different states of existence, and its key constituents for cancer prediction and prognosis. Finally, we discussed the impact of cancer treatment on TLSs.
The efficacy of VESIcare LS oral suspension was evaluated in two 52-week, open-label, baseline-controlled, sequential dose titration studies in a total of 95 pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). Study 1 (NCT01981954) included patients 2 to less than 5 years of age and Study 2 (NCT01565694) included patients 5 to 17 years of age. Entry criteria required that patients had a diagnosis of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) confirmed by urodynamics demonstrating the presence of involuntary detrusor contractions with detrusor pressure increase greater than 15 cm H2O and that patients or their caregivers practiced clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). VESIcare LS oral suspension was administered once daily. All patients initially received a weight-based starting dose, followed by dose titration to their lowest effective dose, up to a maximum dose. The duration of the dose titration period was up to 12 weeks and this period was followed by a dose maintenance period of at least 40 weeks.

In Study 1, a total of 19 patients aged 2 to less than 5 years of age received VESIcare LS oral suspension. Of these, 17 patients completed treatment through week 24 and had adequate urodynamic measurements for evaluation of efficacy. The optimized maintenance dose within this study population included 63% of patients at the maximum dose, 26% of patients at an intermediate dose, and 5% of patients at the starting dose. The study population included 7 males (41%) and 10 females (59%).

In Study 2, a total of 76 patients aged 5 to 17 years of age received VESIcare LS oral suspension. Of these, 49 patients (24 patients aged 5 to < 12 years and 25 patients aged 12 to 17 years) completed treatment through week 24 and had adequate urodynamic measurements for evaluation of efficacy. The optimized maintenance dose within this study population included 58% of patients at the maximum dose, 15% of patients at an intermediate dose, and 7% of patients at the starting dose. This study population included 24 males (49%) and 25 females (51%).

The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in the patients’ maximum cystometric (bladder) capacity (MCC) after 24 weeks of treatment with VESIcare LS oral suspension. As shown in Table 4, an improvement in MCC was observed in patients aged 2 to less than 5 years of age and in patients aged 5 to 17 years of age. The magnitude of the observed changes from baseline in the primary and secondary efficacy endpoints were comparable between patients 5 to less than 12 years of age and patients 12 to 17 years of age.

The results for the primary efficacy endpoint in the 2 clinical studies of VESIcare LS oral suspension in pediatric patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) are shown in Table 4. Treatment effects were maintained over 52 weeks.

Results for other urodynamic parameters and from patient urinary diaries, which were secondary efficacy endpoints in Studies 1 and 2, are shown in Tables 5 and 6, respectively.
Vitamin D deficiency is common among Danish pregnant women, although most pregnant women adhere to guidelines of a daily supplement of 10 µg vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of complications in the pregnancy e.g., preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and fetal growth retardation. Several studies indicate that the offspring has an increased risk of immune diseases e.g., asthma and autoimmune related diseases e.g., multiple sclerosis if the mother had vitamin D deficiency during the pregnancy. It is well known that vitamin D affects the immune system, which raises the question of the effects of vitamin D supplements and which doses to give optimally.

This study aims to investigate if maternal vitamin D intake of 90 vs 10 µg D3 affects the overall health, growth, and immune system of the offspring at birth and after 1 year. Blood samples at birth and after 1 year, questionnaires and clinical 1-year examination will be performed on the children. The hypothesis is that increased vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy improves fetal development including the offspring's immune system and the developing brain. The effects of vitamin D supplementation will strengthen the offspring's overall health at birth and during their first year of life. Hopefully, this can, in the future, be part of a guideline to which dose of vitamin D is recommended for Danish pregnant women.
Many smokers want to quit but have no plans to do so in the near future. Recent studies indicate that helping such smokers reduce the number of cigarettes they smoke each day, try medications to see that medications can help control their cravings, can make it easier for them to try to quit. This study tests whether a new medication (generic name = varenicline; brand name = Chantix) can help smokers in these ways.

The investigators will recruit 110 smokers in Vermont and 110 in Omaha, Nebraska, all of whom are interested in quitting some time in the future but have no current plans to quit. These smokers will be assigned by chance to receive either varenicline or a placebo. Neither the participants nor the scientists will know what the participants are receiving. Varenicline is a medication approved for smoking cessation in smokers who already have decided to quit. Varenicline both acts like nicotine to relieve craving and withdrawal when smokers try to quit and, importantly, also blocks the effects of nicotine from cigarettes. When smokers take varenicline and smoke, their cigarettes seem weaker and less beneficial. The investigators believe that making cigarettes less pleasing will make it easier for smokers to reduce, give them more control over their smoking, reduce their addiction to cigarettes, and make it easier for them to quit. After screening and giving consent, smokers will attend a first session to receive medication or placebo and to be instructed in how to use it to reduce their smoking. Smokers will be told they should use the medicine for at least 2 weeks and can use the medication for up to 2 months and, if they try to quit, they can receive an additional 3 months of medication after their quit date. Participants will be seen again at 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 2 months for brief help in reducing. After the first 2 months , they will be contacted by phone monthly for four more months. If participants are abstinent at 6 months they will be asked to return to provide a breath sample to verify abstinence. Participants will be asked to complete either written surveys or answer phone interviews and provide breath tests for which they will be reimbursed. The investigators will test, whether after 6 months, more smokers in the varenicline group tried to quit than in the placebo group.
The purpose of this study is to develop computational methods for cross-comparison of muscle composition measurements in three laboratory ultrasound systems. We propose a cross-sectional study to obtain ultrasound images of selected muscles in Veteran participants. These data will be used to develop conversion models for each system. Evaluation of neuromuscular symptoms such as muscle weakness and fatigue is crucial to improving quality of life among Veterans. These symptoms may be related to progressive changes in muscle tissue composition, including increased intramuscular fat and atrophy. Quantitative musculoskeletal ultrasound is a diagnostic imaging application used to characterize muscle tissue composition. Despite its non-invasiveness and relative low cost, quantitative musculoskeletal ultrasound has not been widely adopted by the medical community due in part to technical barriers that impede generalization of measurements across ultrasound systems. Unfortunately, few techniques have been proposed to reliably compare system measurements. Development of new cross-comparison methods could expand quantitative musculoskeletal ultrasound applications and improve neuromuscular symptoms diagnosis.
Over 6 months, Aim 1 will demonstrate that ASIS device consistently delivers an injectable product (e.g. Gadolinium) into that subdermal bloodless space. MRI is the most simple and logical imaging choice, preferred because with ultrasound, air is injected, which will dissipate too quickly out of bloodless space to allow measurements. Since there isn't a way to measure the level of Gadolinium within that subdermal bloodless space, at least the Prolongation of Gadolinium may be approximated by its greater or longer Persistent % on MRI. Also, since we can't assume that bloodless space for patients with a particular disease will behave the same way as normal patients or patients with different diseases, this approximation only works if the variables are minimized to the same particular skin affected by Plaque Psoriasis. Case in point, patients with Plaque Psoriasis tend to have thicker skin, so expectantly will have prolonged Gadolinium subcutaneously Persistent %, which may be very different from the other diseases and certainly from the skin of normal patients, while the Gadolinium subdermally Persistent % should remain the same. Therefore, the Relative Prolongation Ability Score or total Persistent % subdermally over total Persistent % subcutaneously, will be different and very specific for the particular skin affected by Plaque Psoriasis. However, they are valuable indicators that will help us modify the Enbrel dosage and duration to inject into that "unknown" subdermal space for Aim 2, from the "known" typical Enbrel dosage and duration for Plaque Psoriasis patients. For example, if Aim 1 found the Relative Prolongation Ability Score for the Plaque Psoriasis skin to be (2.00), then the typical subcutaneously Enbrel 50mg every 3 days, should be 25mg every 6 days subdermally.

Over 12 months, Aim 2 will again demonstrate the advantages of ASIS device injecting subdermally versus subcutaneously, but using Enbrel instead of Gadolinium on the particular skin affected by Plaque Psoriasis. Once we have shown ASIS device's consistent performance in Aim 1, then we may assume will deliver another product (Enbrel) into that bloodless space without the need to measure Enbrel's existent in that bloodless space. Using Enbrel instead of Gadolinium, we'll demonstrate the advantages of injecting subdermally over intramuscularly for the same affected skin sites in the same 60 adult subjects.
BACKGROUND Hydatid disease is a common parasitic infection in many areas of Asia, South America, and Africa. It can affect any organ, most commonly the liver. The hydatid is often asymptomatic and the diagnosis is made when complications arise. The most common complication of this disease is opening in the bile ducts, which is a life-threatening condition causing serious acute cholangitis. We report a case of acute cholangitis caused by hydatid cyst rupture into the right bile duct. CASE REPORT A 33-year-old woman, with no medical or surgical history, presented to our Emergency Department with abdominal pain, jaundice, and fever for 3 days prior to admission. The patient was hemodynamically stable. In the examination, we noticed right upper-quadrant tenderness with guarding, icterus sclera, and negative Murphy sign. A CT scan showed a liver hydatid cyst of the 4th and 8th of segments, with intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary duct dilation. The cyst communicated with the right hepatic bile duct via a large fistula. A diagnosis of acute cholangitis was made and she underwent conservative treatment with external drainage of the pericystic cavity through the biliary duct. The postoperative course was uncomplicated and she was discharged 15 days later. CONCLUSIONS The surgical approach to hepatic hydatid must be customized based on the specific characteristics of the cyst and associated complications. Acute hydatid cholangitis is a rare but serious complication of a hydatid cyst, which requires early diagnosis and adequate surgical management.
The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating liver-yang hyperactivity spleen-deficiency type child anorexia. The liver-yang hyperactivity spleen-deficiency type child anorexia is mainly caused by improper feeding, spleen impairment due to other diseases, inadequate natural endowment and emotional disorder. The disease location of the disease is in spleen and stomach, and the disease relates to internal organs such as liver, lungs and kidneys. Dialectical therapy about liver-yang hyperactivity spleen-deficiency type child anorexia emphasizes inhibiting liver, assisting spleen and supporting movement. And therefore, the traditional Chinese medicine preparation is decocted into decoction in a drug manufacturing room of the hospital by selecting the traditional Chinese medicines: fortunella cargarita leaf, cardamom husk, bunge giantfennel seed, gordon euryale seed root, rhizome of hollyhock-like yam, geum japonicum, wild soybean plant, cordateleaf european hop flower, asiatic striga and Chinese fevervine herb, which have effects of tonifying kidney and spleen, soothing liver and regulating qi. According to a clinical test, a total effective rate is 92.1%, and curative effect is remarkable.
Gastric cancer is 7th common malignant disease in Taiwan, accounting for 3000 new cases per year. The main treatment of gastric cancer is radical gastrectomy and lymph nodes dissection, which is associated with 13.0\~46 % of surgical morbidities. To minimize the surgical morbidities and enhance patients' recovery, perioperative management is mandatory. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal, multidisciplinary approach to the care of the surgical patient. ERAS process implementation involves a team consisting of surgeons, anesthetists, an ERAS coordinator, and staff from units that care for the surgical patient. The main elements of ERAS include carbohydrate loading before surgery, minimally invasive approaches, balanced management of intravenous fluids, multimodal pain management, early mobilization, and early oral feeding, etc. Some prospective studies have shown its effectiveness in reduce surgical morbidity and hospital stay in colorectal surgery. In Taiwan, there was only limited report to study the use of ERAS in gastric cancer surgery. The investigators would like to integrate these perioperative interventions into the ERAS program, and test its effectiveness in gastric cancer patients undergoing radical gastrectomy at NTUH.
Best local diet + two servings (40 grams each) of powder (Fortifit®; Nutricia) which has to be dissolved in 125 ml of water. Per serving, 20 g whey protein, 3 g total leucine, 9 g carbohydrates, 3 g fat, 800 IU vitamin D, and a mixture of vitamins, minerals, and fibers.
This study is a cluster-randomised trial with a comparison group to assess the impact of school-based malaria case management, with malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for diagnosis and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for treatment of uncomplicated malaria incorporated into first aid kits (Learner Treatment Kits) also containing treatment and management for other common minor health issues. A seven day teacher training in the diagnosis and treatment of malaria, other contents of the kit and referral process is provided for the two teachers selected to act as the LTK dispensers in the school, as well as the head teacher. The target population in this study includes children attending the 58 participating primary schools in Traditional Authority Chikowi, Zomba District, Malawi. Twenty nine schools are randomly selected to receive Learner Treatment Kits (LTKs) including RDTs and ACTs to treat uncomplicated malaria, and 29 schools serve as the control group. All children attending schools in the intervention arm have access to the LTK and are eligible for treatment on an opt-out basis, but the accessible study population includes the children randomly selected from classes 2, 4 and 6. The study hypothesis is that that school-based malaria case-management as part of LTKs will reduce rates of absenteeism in Malawian schoolchildren, when compared to those in control schools. The primary outcome is school attendance, with secondary outcomes of grade repetition, school drop-out and enrolment as well as morbidity, Plasmodium falciparum infection and anaemia. The study is designed to provide 80% power to detect a 16% reduction (53% relative reduction) in absenteeism in the intervention group compared to the control group at 5% level of significance. The unit of analysis is the school, but individual-level analysis using suitable generalised linear models, adjusted for clustering by school, will also be undertaken to explore differences in impact of the interventions according to child age, sex, home environment, school quality as well as differences in the uptake of the intervention.
The study will be conducted as an exploratory, prospective observational study. Participants consists of patients referred to short-term, intensive chemoresection due to recurrent NMIBC. The treatment adhere to the regimen described in the NICSA trial with the ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03348969. Treatment consists of short-term, intensive chemoresection with Mitomycin; 40 mg is administered intravesically three times a week for two weeks. To evaluate tumour response, an early cystoscopy is performed in the outpatient clinic one to two months after treatment completion. No visible tumour and residual tumour with benign histology is considered complete response. Residual tumour tissue with neoplastic histology is considered incomplete response and will be treated with TURBT or tumour fulguration. Subsequently patients continue a standardized follow-up program as Danish guidelines prescribe which is initiated after four months.
This clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of acute bacterial arthritis (ABA) in children was developed by a multidisciplinary panel representing the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). This guideline is intended for use by healthcare professionals who care for children with ABA, including specialists in pediatric infectious diseases and orthopedics. The panel's recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of ABA are based upon evidence derived from topic-specific systematic literature reviews. Summarized below are the recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of ABA in children. The panel followed a systematic process used in the development of other IDSA and PIDS clinical practice guidelines, which included a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of the evidence and strength of recommendation using the GRADE approach (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) (see Figure 1). A detailed description of background, methods, evidence summary and rationale that support each recommendation, and knowledge gaps can be found online in the full text.