anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes in young people is an aggressive disease with a greater risk of complications leading to increased morbidity and mortality during the most productive years of life. Prevalence in the UK and globally is rising yet experience in managing this condition is limited. There are no consensus guidelines in the UK for the assessment and management of paediatric type 2 diabetes.
METHODS: Multidisciplinary professionals from The Association of Children's Diabetes Clinicians (ACDC) and the National Type 2 Diabetes Working Group reviewed the evidence base and made recommendations using the Grading Of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Young people with type 2 diabetes should be managed within a paediatric diabetes team with close working with adult diabetes specialists, primary care and other paediatric specialties. Diagnosis of diabetes type can be challenging with many overlapping features. Diabetes antibodies may be needed to aid diagnosis. Co-morbidities and complications are frequently present at diagnosis and should be managed holistically. Lifestyle change and metformin are the mainstay of early treatment, with some needing additional basal insulin. GLP1 agonists should be used as second-line agents once early ketosis and symptoms are controlled. Glycaemic control improves microvascular but not cardiovascular risk. Reduction in excess adiposity, smoking prevention, increased physical activity and reduction of hypertension and dyslipidaemia are essential to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events.
CONCLUSIONS: This evidence-based guideline aims to provide a practical approach in managing this condition in the UK.
The application will be made from the insertion of the upper trapezoidal muscle to its origo . During taping, the patient will be allowed to sit in an upright position in a chair with a back, with the scapula fixed, without supporting the arms. Before taping, the patient will be positioned with the shoulder in adduction and the head in lateral flexion towards the contralateral side. The patient will be asked to perform shoulder abduction against resistance, and the insertion area of the upper trapezius fibers will be palpated. The initial 2-3 cm part of the band will be glued to the lateral of the acromion without stretching, after full (100%) stretching is applied to the 2-3 cm part of the band from the insertion area of the upper trapezoid fibers, the patient's head is rotated to the affected side and the arm part of the band is stretched along the muscle fibers. it will be glued up to the hairline without doing it.
Patients in the OH group will undergo 4 weeks of observation without rehabilitation treatment, followed by specific rehabilitation treatment for balance disorders using the robotic platform Hunova® Movendo Technology srl, Genova, IT), for 4 weeks, 3 times a week for 45 minutes each. In particular, the technological rehabilitation carried out with the platform will have as main objective the improvement of balance, both in sitting and standing position, and static and dynamic exercises, dual-task exercises and exercises to improve trunk control will be proposed.
Transverse vaginal septum (TVS) is a rare obstructive genital tract anomaly. It is associated with primary amenorrhoea and typically presents with cyclical abdominal pain due to obstruction of the menstrual flow. Caudal regression syndrome (CRS) is also a rare congenital anomaly that is frequently associated with anomalies of the neurological, musculoskeletal, cardiac, genitourinary and gastrointestinal systems. Obstructive genital tract anomaly in CRS is exceptionally rare. This report describes the case of a girl in early adolescence with underlying CRS who presented with severe abdominal pain associated with primary amenorrhoea. Clinical and radiological assessment revealed 'haematocolpos' manifesting as a tender 20 weeks' size abdominal mass and an absent vaginal opening. TVS was identified during examination under anaesthesia. The patient subsequently underwent a successful vaginoplasty with no recurrence of symptoms after 2 years.
Persistent hypotension in critically ill patients remains a major barrier to discharging patients from the intensive care unit (ICU). In our hospital, in patients with adequate tissue perfusion, midodrine has been observed to treat hypotension in order to wean continuous intravenous (IV) vasopressors and therefore promote ICU discharge. There are several possible etiologies of hypotension in the ICU. The most frequently seen causes include septic shock, hypovolemia, adrenal insufficiency, and idiosyncratic reactions from medications. For patients whose reversible causes of hypotension have been addressed but still require vasopressors, midodrine may prove to be a useful adjunctive medication to successfully increase blood pressure. No previous studies have examined the use of midodrine for the treatment of hypotension in an ICU setting. Therefore, we are investigating a new indication for midodrine as the treatment of hypotension in critically ill patients.
A gene activation/inactivation and site-specific integration system has been developed for mammalian cells. The invention system is based on the recombination of transfected sequences by FLP, a recombinase derived from  Saccharomyces . In several cell lines, FLP has been shown to rapidly and precisely recombine copies of its specific target sequence. For example, a chromosomally integrated, silent β-galactosidase reporter gene was activated for expression by FLP-mediated removal of intervening sequences to generate clones of marked cells. Alternatively, the reverse reaction can be used to target transfected DNA to specific chromosomal sites. These results demonstrate that FLP can be used, for example, to mosaically activate or inactivate transgenes for a variety of therapeutic purposes, as well as for analysis of vertebrate development. The FLP recombination system of the present invention can be incorporated in transgenic, non-human mammals to achieve site-specific integration of transgenes, to construct functional genes or to disrupt existing genes.
Many questions remain about the prevalence and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in malaria-endemic African countries like Uganda, particularly in vulnerable groups such as pregnant women. We describe SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM antibody responses and clinical outcomes in mother-infant dyads enrolled in malaria chemoprevention trials in Uganda. From December 2020-February 2022, among 400 unvaccinated pregnant women enrolled at 12-20 weeks gestation and followed through delivery, 128 (32%) were seronegative for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM at enrollment and delivery, 80 (20%) were infected prior to or early in pregnancy, and 192 (48%) were infected or re-infected with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy. We observed preferential binding of plasma IgG to Wuhan-Hu-1-like antigens in individuals seroconverting up to early 2021, and to Delta variant antigens in a subset of individuals in mid-2021. Breadth of IgG binding to all variants improved over time, consistent with affinity maturation of the antibody response in the cohort. No women experienced severe respiratory illness during the study. SARS-CoV-2 infection in early pregnancy was associated with lower median length-for-age Z-score at age 3 months compared with no infection or late pregnancy infect (-1.54 versus -0.37 and -0.51, P = 0.009). These findings suggest that pregnant Ugandan women experienced high levels of SARS-CoV-2 infection without severe respiratory illness. Variant-specific serology testing demonstrated evidence of antibody affinity maturation at the population level. Early gestational SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with transient shorter stature in early infancy. Further research should explore the significance of this finding and define targeted measures to prevent infection in pregnancy.
PCT No. PCT/NL95/00325 Sec. 371 Date May 28, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date May 28, 1997 PCT Filed Sep. 27, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/09812 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 4, 1996Phospholipid- and cholesterol-free aqueous compositions for topical application to the skin contain a pharmaceutically active ingredient and a vector system of controlled and in-depth transport and release of the active ingredient through the skin. The vector system comprises at least one first non-ionic surfactant which forms vesicles upon dispersion in water and a lamellar phase upon concentrating the vesicles, and at least one second non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant. The ratios of the two non-ionic surfactants are such that the vector system comprises flexible vesicles.
Subjective tinnitus, the false perception of sound in the absence of an acoustic stimulus, occurs frequently as a consequence of noise-induced deafness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the brain sites and mechanisms underlying tinnitus using a combined mathematical modeling and functional brain imaging experimental approach. Although studies have focused on the neural bases of tinnitus, it is not known why tinnitus arises only in certain cases of hearing loss, and the contribution of different brain regions in tinnitus perception is poorly understood. This in turn, prevents the development of better studies and new treatment methods for tinnitus. The primary hypothesis is that a network of brain regions, from auditory processing areas to emotional processing areas, contributes to, and modulates, tinnitus perception. The brain imaging study will be used to study differences in the network of brain regions involved in listening and discriminating sounds for tinnitus sufferers as compared to a control group of subjects with similar hearing loss but without tinnitus. This comparison should permit the identification of brain regions most active in tinnitus. An age matched control group without hearing loss and tinnitus will be included to determine those effects due to hearing loss alone. The mathematical computational modeling will use a previously developed large-scale neural network model of auditory processing in the cerebral cortex, which will be modified to induce tinnitus via different neural mechanisms. The modeling study should allow us to evaluate the contribution of different cortical regions and mechanisms to tinnitus perception; some changes in the model will be more successful than others in inducing tinnitus and in matching simulated brain imaging data with experimental brain imaging data. The modeling study will use the same stimuli and experimental paradigm as the functional brain imaging study. Comparing the experimental and modeling results will provide hypotheses about the most likely mechanism mediating tinnitus. Together, the modeling and experimental studies will advance our knowledge of the brain regions and mechanisms underlying tinnitus.
The invention relates to the development of compositions and methods for increasing the amount of collagen cross-linking in a mammalian tissue. A typical composition as described herein includes at least one cross-linking agent such as a bioflavonoid compound (e.g., proanthocyanidin), a grape seed extract, a Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous Calcium Phosphate, or an iridoid compound (e.g., genipin) in an amount effective for increasing collagen cross-linking in the mammalian tissue in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A typical method for increasing the amount of collagen cross-linking in dentin in a mammalian tooth includes the steps of preparing the surface of the tooth to be treated; and applying a composition including at least one of: a bioflavonoid compound, a grape seed extract, a Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous Calcium Phosphate, and an iridoid compound in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to the tooth surface for a time period of 0.0001 hours to about 4 hours. In some embodiments, two or more cross-linking agents are included in the compositions described herein. The compositions and methods as described herein are particularly useful for applying to dentin in a mammalian tooth requiring a restorative procedure for improving the mechanical properties of restoration interfaces to withstand degradation over time. Compositions containing one of the collagen cross-linking agents as described herein were applied to dentin collagen and resulted in a significant improvement in ultimate tensile strength indicating the value of these compositions in restorative dentistry. The compositions and methods described herein will also find use in preventive dentistry applications, and can be applied to sound dentin, caries-affected dentin, and dentin that is impaired, weak, or degraded in any way.
TYSABRI was evaluated in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in patients with multiple sclerosis. Both studies enrolled patients who experienced at least one clinical relapse during the prior year and had a Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score between 0 and 5.0. Results for each study are shown in Table 5 and Table 6. Median time on study drug was 120 weeks in each study. In both studies, neurological evaluations were performed every 12 weeks and at times of suspected relapse. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluations for T1-weighted gadolinium (Gd)-enhancing lesions and T2-hyperintense lesions were performed annually. 

Study MS1 enrolled patients who had not received any interferon-beta or glatiramer acetate for at least the previous 6 months; approximately 94% had never been treated with these agents. Median age was 37, with a median disease duration of 5 years. Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive TYSABRI 300 mg intravenous infusion (n=627) or placebo (n=315) every 4 weeks for up to 28 months (30 infusions). 

Study MS2 enrolled patients who had experienced one or more relapses while on treatment with AVONEX® (Interferon beta-1a) 30 mcg intramuscularly (IM) once weekly during the year prior to study entry. Median age was 39, with a median disease duration of 7 years. Patients were evenly randomized to receive TYSABRI 300 mg (n=589) or placebo (n=582) every 4 weeks for up to 28 months (30 infusions). All patients continued to receive AVONEX 30 mcg IM once weekly. The efficacy of TYSABRI alone was not compared with the efficacy of TYSABRI plus AVONEX. 

The primary endpoint at 2 years was time to onset of sustained increase in disability, defined as an increase of at least 1 point on the EDSS from baseline EDSS ≥ 1.0 that was sustained for 12 weeks, or at least a 1.5 point increase on the EDSS from baseline EDSS=0 that was sustained for 12 weeks. Time to onset of sustained increase in disability was longer in TYSABRI-treated patients than in placebo-treated patients in Studies MS1 (Figure 1) and MS2. The proportion of patients with increased disability and the annualized relapse rate were also lower in TYSABRI-treated patients than in placebo-treated patients in Studies MS1 and MS2 (Table 5 and Table 6). 

Figure 1: Time to Increase in Disability Sustained for 12 Weeks in Study MS1
OCAT-combo: An online PSE session prior to an attention training, consisting of 10 sessions of ±12 minutes each (during an intervention period of two weeks), will be administered. Content of the PSE will focus on how adaptive functions of automatic and controlled processes may become maladaptive when used inappropriately or excessively. The training task is a positively directed Scrambled Sentences Test (SST) with mouse-gaze contingent feedback.
Single dose of ACT-777991 plus a single dose of 14C-ACT-777991. At one of the dose levels from A4 to A8.
OBJECTIVES: Studies have shown an association between eosinophilia and clinical outcomes in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). However, contradictory findings exist. Our study aims to systematically evaluate the association between elevated peripheral blood eosinophils and clinical outcome of patients with AECOPD.
METHODS: An electronic search was conducted for relevant studies published from database inception to February 28, 2023, on PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The analysis covered studies on the correlation between EOS AECOPD and mortality, hospital stay duration, readmission and hospitalization rates, and invasive mechanical ventilation. Where applicable, relative risk (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) were extracted, pooled, and assessed using meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the source of heterogeneity.
RESULTS: Fifteen high-quality studies including 14 cohort studies and one case-control study were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with non-eosinophilic AECOPD patients, those with eosinophilic AECOPD had a lower risk of mortality (RR = 0.65, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.54, 0.77, P < 0.001), shorter length of hospital stay (WMD = -1.56, 95%CI -2.16, -0.96, P < 0.001), and higher readmission rate (RR = 1.07, 95%CI 1.01,1.13, P = 0.029). No difference was found concerning the rate of hospitalization and invasive mechanical ventilation between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: Individuals diagnosed with eosinophilic AECOPD had a reduced mortality rate, a truncated period of hospitalization, and an insubstantial increase in the probability of readmission relative to their non-eosinophilic AECOPD counterparts. The level of eosinophils in blood has been shown to serve as a potential predictive biomarker for AECOPD patients.
Recurrent pericarditis (RP) is defined by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) as an instance of acute pericarditis (AP) that occurs at least 4-6 weeks after the resolution of a previous episode of the same ailment. To mitigate the risk of RP, it is advised to administer accurate and prolonged pharmacological treatment for both the initial AP and subsequent RP. ESC guidelines recommend commencing treatment for any single episode of AP, including those that contribute to RP, with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in conjunction with colchicine for several months, often followed by gradual tapering. If there is an inadequate response, corticosteroids (CS) may be introduced cautiously. However, in a minority of cases, even when NSAIDs, colchicine, and CS are administered together at the highest recommended dosages, they may prove ineffective. In such instances, treatment with immunosuppressive drugs or biologics is advised. Among biologics, interleukin (IL)-1 inhibitors have been extensively studied, although certain gaps remain. This narrative review delves into the rationale for employing IL-1 inhibitors and presents findings from existing studies regarding their efficacy, tolerability, and safety. Analysis of the literature indicates that there is currently insufficient data to ascertain the true therapeutic role of IL-1 inhibitors in managing and preventing RP. However, theoretically, drugs targeting both IL-1α and IL-1β may offer superior efficacy compared to those solely targeting IL-1β due to the significant involvement of both cytokines in inflammation. Further research is warranted to determine the comparative effectiveness of IL-1α and IL-1β inhibitors.
BACKGROUND: Morin can alleviate vincristine-induced neuropathic pain via inhibiting neuroinflammation. Microglial cells play an important role in initiating and maintenance of pain and neuroinflammation. It remains unclear whether morin exerts antinociceptive properties through the regulation of microglial cells. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of morin against neuropathic pain focusing on microglial cells.
METHODS: The thermal withdrawal latency and mechanical withdrawal threshold were used as measures of pain behaviours. Histological abnormalities of the sciatic nerve were observed with transmission electron microscopy. The sciatic functional index and the sciatic nerve conduction velocity were used as measures of the functional deficits of the sciatic nerve. Inflammatory factors were detected using ELISA. The expression of M1/M2 polarization markers of microglia and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 were measured by immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting.
RESULTS: Morin alleviated vincristine-induced abnormal pain, sciatic nerve injury, and neuroinflammatory response in rats. Furthermore, morin decreased the expression of NF-κB P65 and M1 activation markers, increased the expression of M2 activation markers. Additionally, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate reversed the effects of morin on microglial polarization, the production of inflammatory factors and neuropathic pain, while ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate showed the opposite effects.
CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that morin inhibits neuroinflammation to alleviate vincristine-induced neuropathic pain via inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway to regulate M1/M2 microglial polarization.
BACKGROUND: Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a chronic inflammatory skeletal disease that affects particularly children and adolescents and is often diagnosed with a delay. With whole-body MRI, early diagnosis of this disease is possible in many cases. Since children and adolescents frequently present with non-specific complaints for outpatient radiological diagnosis, every radiologist should have basic knowledge of this complex clinical picture.
MATERIALS: In this review the basics and current findings regarding the disease are discussed. Unusual courses are also presented.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With knowledge of the radiographic and MR tomographic characteristics of the mostly multifocal bone lesions, the diagnosis of CNO can be reliably made in many cases. In particular, the early use of whole-body MRI plays an important role. Thus, therapeutic delays and resulting complications and the number of unnecessary biopsies for diagnosis can be reduced.
Breast cancer patients treated by adjuvant chemotherapy after their surgery. The time points of data collection are before the start of the first, second, fourth and sixth cycle of chemotherapy. If patients are treated by radiotherapy after the chemotherapy, there are 2 measurements points pre- and post radiotherapy.The others measurement points are at 12,18 and 24 months after surgery.