anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Kidney stones are the most common condition affecting the kidney, and characterized by a high rate of recurrence. Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics (thiazides) are commonly prescribed to prevent the recurrence of kidney stones. This review offers a comprehensive up-to-date assessment of the evidence supporting the use of thiazides for kidney stone recurrence prevention, highlights potential harms associated with treatment, and identifies areas of knowledge that require further investigation.
RECENT FINDINGS: The clinical routine to prescribe thiazides for kidney stone prevention has recently been challenged by the findings of the large NOSTONE trial that failed to show superiority of hydrochlorothiazide at doses up to 50 mg daily over placebo in preventing a composite of clinical or radiological recurrence in patients at high risk of recurrence. Yet, adverse events such as new onset diabetes mellitus and gout were more common in patients receiving hydrochlorothiazide compared to placebo. As demonstrated by a novel meta-analysis presented in this review encompassing all randomized placebo-controlled trials with thiazide monotherapy, current trial evidence does not indicate that thiazide monotherapy is significantly better than placebo in preventing kidney stone recurrence.
SUMMARY: Given the limited efficacy and possible adverse effects, we advocate for a restrictive use of thiazides for kidney stone recurrence prevention. Clearly, there remains a high unmet medical need for effective, targeted therapies to prevent recurrence of kidney stones.
OBJECTIVE: To map the execution of resonance tubes phonation immersed in water exercise in adults with healthy or altered voices.
METHODS: This study was a scoping review. An electronic search was performed using the following databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, gray literature, and a manual search. A blinded review was performed by two authors to determine the selection and extraction procedures. Studies with adult participants with dysphonic or healthy voices who underwent intervention with phonation in a resonance tube immersed in water in the context of the vocal clinic, with an experimental intervention, quasi-experimental, or before and after the intervention were included. Data from the publication, sample, execution, and results obtained from the exercises were extracted by two blinded reviewers. Disagreements were resolved through consensus. The analysis was performed quantitatively.
RESULTS: A total of 44 publications were analyzed. Among these, Brazilian studies were the most frequent, with a publication peak in 2020. The characterization of the sample was variable, with a higher frequency of participants of both sexes who were not voice professionals. The most frequent studies were before and after exercise with a resonance tube immersed in water, in one session, with an exercise execution time of 3 minutes; in cases of more than one series of executions, the 30-sseconds rest time was more frequent. The most used resonance tube was a flexible silicone tube, with a wall thickness of 0.1 mm, immersion container in a 500-, 510-, or 600-mL bottle, 2/3 filled with water, and the resonance tube immersed 2 cm from the water surface. The most used phonatory task was flow phonation with rounded lips similar to the articulation of the vowel /u/. Acoustic analysis and vocal self-assessment are the most commonly used outcome measures. The best results were obtained in the self-assessment.
CONCLUSION: There is significant variability in the information on the execution of resonance tubes phonation immersed in water exercise influenced by vocal diagnosis and experience with previous vocal training. Studies on the effects of this exercise have been concentrated over the last decade and are of the vocal training and therapy. Acoustic and self-assessment measures were used to verify the results, with self-assessment being the outcome that most frequently indicated positive results.
Losartan Potassium   
Angiotensin II [formed from angiotensin I in a reaction catalyzed by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, kininase II)], is a potent vasoconstrictor, the primary vasoactive hormone of the renin-angiotensin system and an important component in the pathophysiology of hypertension. It also stimulates aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. Losartan and its principal active metabolite block the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor found in many tissues (e.g., vascular smooth muscle, adrenal gland). There is also an AT2 receptor found in many tissues but it is not known to be associated with cardiovascular homeostasis. Neither losartan nor its principal active metabolite exhibits any partial agonist activity at the AT1 receptor, and both have much greater affinity (about 1000-fold) for the AT1 receptor than for the AT2 receptor. In vitro binding studies indicate that losartan is a reversible, competitive inhibitor of the AT 1 receptor. The active metabolite is 10 to 40 times more potent by weight than losartan and appears to be a reversible, non-competitive inhibitor of the AT1 receptor.

Neither losartan nor its active metabolite inhibits ACE (kininase II, the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II and degrades bradykinin), nor do they bind to or block other hormone receptors or ion channels known to be important in cardiovascular regulation.

Hydrochlorothiazide   
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic. Thiazides affect the renal tubular mechanisms of electrolyte reabsorption, directly increasing excretion of sodium and chloride in approximately equivalent amounts. Indirectly, the diuretic action of hydrochlorothiazide reduces plasma volume, with consequent increases in plasma renin activity, increases in aldosterone secretion, increases in urinary potassium loss, and decreases in serum potassium. The renin-aldosterone link is mediated by angiotensin II, so coadministration of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist tends to reverse the potassium loss associated with these diuretics. The mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of thiazides is unknown.
Subjects received sipuleucel-T concurrent with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone. Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone treatment started the next day after the first infusion of sipuleucel-T and continued for 26 weeks or until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or death, occurred.
ALGRX 3268 (previously known as PowderJect® Dermal Lidocaine) is a system for needle-free, pain-free epidermal injection of lidocaine powder that provides local anesthesia within 3 minutes to provide painless needle or catheter insertion for blood drawing. ALGRX 3268 is a single use disposable system, incorporating a drug cassette and gas cylinder into a single hand held device, with a button to actuate the system. This is a single center, randomized, double-blind, placebo (sham) controlled, single dose, parallel group study in pediatric subjects scheduled to undergo venipuncture. Three age groups are enrolled: 3-7 years, 8-12 years, and 13-18 years. Within each age group, subjects are randomized to receive ALGRX 3268 0.5 mg/20 bar or pressure matched placebo. Two to 3 minutes after administration of study treatment at the back of the hand, venipuncture is performed with either a needle/Vacutainer®, needle/syringe or "butterfly," at the discretion of the investigator. Subjects aged 3-7 are asked to rate the pain of venipuncture using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, anchored at 0 for "no hurt" and 5 for "hurts worst." Subjects in oldest age group complete a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS), anchored at 0 for "no pain" and at 100 for "extreme pain." Subjects in the middle group used both the Wong-Baker FACES scale and the VAS to rate the pain of venipuncture. Safety ratings of skin are completed 15, 30, and 60 minutes after the procedure.
Patients receive anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody MOR00208 IV over 2 hours on day 1 (days 1, 2, 8, 15, and 22 of course 1 only) and ibrutinib PO daily on days 1-28. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Correlative studies will be collected for this trial and will focus on the effects of MOR00208 alone and in combination with ibrutinib on immune effector cell number and function.
The contributing genetic factors of vertigo remain poorly characterized, particularly in individuals of non-European ancestries. Here we show the genetic landscape of vertigo in an Asian population-based cohort. In a two-stage genome-wide association study (Ncase = 6199; Ncontrol = 54,587), we identify vertigo-associated genomic loci in DROSHA and ZNF91/LINC01224, with the latter replicating the findings in European ancestries. Gene-based association testing corroborates these findings. Interestingly, both genes are enriched in cerebellum, a key structure receiving sensory input from the vestibular system. Subjects carrying risk alleles from lead SNPs of DROSHA and ZNF91 incur a 1.74-fold risk of vertigo than those without. Moreover, composite clinical-polygenic risk scores allow differentiation between patients and controls, yielding an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.69. This study identified novel genomic loci for vertigo in an Asian population-based cohort, which may help identifying high risk subjects and provide mechanistic insight in understanding the pathogenesis of vertigo.
Paramagnetic, amphiphilic, biocompatible polymers were prepared comprising a carbonate repeat unit bearing a paramagnetic organic radical, more specifically a nitroxyl radical. The radical polymers can be produced in one step from a precursor polymer bearing an active ester side chain by treating the precursor polymer with a radical-bearing nucleophile. The precursor polymer can be prepared by organocatalyzed catalyzed ring opening polymerization (ROP) of a cyclic carbonate monomer bearing an active ester side chain. The radical polymers can be non-toxic and partially biodegradable. The radical polymers have utility as contrast enhancing agents in a medical imaging application and/or as therapeutic agents for treating a medical condition. The radical polymers can also serve as carriers for therapeutic agents (e.g., drugs) and/or medical image enhancing agents (e.g., NIRF dyes).
Disclosed in the present invention are thioamide derivatives having general formula (I), of which a structural formula is represented as [Formula I]. The present invention further provides a preparation method for said derivatives. The present invention also provides the use of the thioamide derivatives, or isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or prodrug molecules thereof in preparation of a drug for treating cancer. The thioamide derivatives are novel compounds having high anti-tumor activity. Said compounds can be used alone or in combination with other drugs for anti-tumor treatment. Compared with a non-thioamide compound of a similar structure, the thioamide derivatives have the characteristics of a hydrogen sulfide donor. The thioamide derivatives effectively inhibits the hydrolysis effect of arylacetamide deacetylase and cholinesterase in the human body on an amide structure , and overcomes the characteristic that anti-tumor drugs are prone to drug resistance. Meanwhile, as a unique hydrogen sulfide donor, the thioamide derivatives can reduce compound toxicity and have better MEK kinase activity and stronger anti-tumor activity.
Patients with ulcerative colitis will receive matching placebo capsules. Placebo capsule will be identical to PRIM-DJ2727 but will not contain intestinal bacteria.
Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) has exhibited antimicrobial properties. However, its role in inhibiting Helicobacter pylori infection remains elusive. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of ILA produced by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei on H. pylori, which was further confirmed by cell and animal experiments. 5 mg/mL ILA was sufficient to directly inhibit the growth of H. pylori in vitro, with a urease inhibitory activity reaching 60.94 ± 1.03%, and the cell morphology and structure were destroyed. ILA inhibited 56.5% adhesion of H. pylori to GES-1 and significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, ILA suppresses H. pylori colonization by approximately 38% to 63%, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in H. pylori-infected mice, and enhanced the enrichment and variety of gut microbiota, notably fostering the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. The results support that ILA derived from Lactobacillus can be applicated as a novel prebiotic in anti-H. pylori functional foods.
By virtue of the shape and elasticity and also the tensioning of the ring, the ring coil always adopts an optimal position in the uterine cavity, even when the physician has not inserted it optimally. After a partial insertion of the system using a small tube, a loop forms the ring, which is closed by the buttonhole. In contrast to the small rigid tube used to insert it, the loop is more pliable than the small tube in every direction, with the result that it can be inserted even in cases where there is a very pronounced anteflexion or retroflexion. A larger amount of alloy or hormone can be applied to the coil, since the length of the ring is always longer than a small rod. The original straight coil is formed by a tip encased by elastic material and, during the partial insertion, permits the rotation movements of the system. A condom fitted on the tip additionally reduces the number of saprophytes entrained from the mouth of the womb to a foreign site, such as the uterine cavity.
Health literacy is defined as an individual's ability to access, understand and use information to make informed decisions. This study aimed to assess health literacy levels and explore the relationship between health literacy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity. A cross-sectional study of health literacy in patients with COPD used the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) and the Medical Research Council Breathlessness Scale to assess COPD severity. HLQ domains of 'having sufficient information to manage my health', 'actively managing health', and 'understanding health information' scored most highly. Patients with the greatest COPD severity had lower scores in the domain 'having sufficient information to manage my health', but indicated an improved ability to appraise health information. Patients with increased COPD severity have greater self-reported skills in appraising health information, but they report reduced confidence in having sufficient information to manage their health. This study highlights the importance of considering health literacy levels, as this could be a barrier to successful self-management.
The use of benzodiazepines, including diazepam, exposes users to the risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death. Abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines often (but not always) involve the use of doses greater than the maximum recommended dosage and commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes, including respiratory depression, overdose, or death (see DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE: Abuse).

  


Before prescribing diazepam and throughout treatment, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction (e.g., using a standardized screening tool). Use of diazepam, particularly in patients at elevated risk, necessitates counseling about the risks and proper use of diazepam along with monitoring for signs and symptoms of abuse, misuse, and addiction. Prescribe the lowest effective dosage; avoid or minimize concomitant use of CNS depressants and other substances associated with abuse, misuse, and addiction (e.g., opioid analgesics, stimulants); and advise patients on the proper disposal of unused drug. If a substance use disorder is suspected, evaluate the patient and institute (or refer them for) early treatment, as appropriate.
The present invention relates to the use of aliphatic carbocyclic compounds that have pendant hydroxy groups for incorporating water-insoluble molecules as hydrophilic components of drug delivery systems for human or animal treatment. In particular this patent describes a pharmaceutical formulation wherein the hydrophilic component contains in part a 17-ketosteroids along with aliphatic carbocyclic compounds that have pendant hydroxy groups, such as cyclodextrin (CD), and the likes, as well as mixtures thereof. In particular the 17-ketosteroids is Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and the cyclodextrin is hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. The cyclodextrin is used with the 17-ketosteroid to give it hydrophilic characteristics. The present invention also relates to the use of certain 17-ketosteroids as hydrophobic components of drug delivery systems. As hyrophobic elements, the 17-ketosteroids have been discovered to have beneficial rapid drug delivery characteristics hitherto unknown.
Human Experience: In adult pre-marketing clinical studies involving more than 3350 patients and/or healthy subjects, accidental or intentional acute overdosage of SAPHRIS was identified in 3 patients. Among these few reported cases of overdose, the highest estimated ingestion of SAPHRIS was 400 mg. Reported adverse reactions at the highest dosage included agitation and confusion.

Management of Overdosage: There is no specific antidote to SAPHRIS. The possibility of multiple drug involvement should be considered. An electrocardiogram should be obtained and management of overdose should concentrate on supportive therapy, maintaining an adequate airway, oxygenation and ventilation, and management of symptoms. Consult with a Certified Poison Control Center for up-to-date guidance and advice on the management of overdosage (1-800-222-1222.)

Hypotension and circulatory collapse should be treated with appropriate measures, such as intravenous fluids and/or sympathomimetic agents (epinephrine and dopamine should not be used, since beta stimulation may worsen hypotension in the setting of SAPHRIS-induced alpha blockade). In case of severe extrapyramidal symptoms, anticholinergic medication should be administered. Close medical supervision and monitoring should continue until the patient recovers.
The lipoxygenases (LOXs) are non-heme iron-containing dioxygenases that play an important role in plant growth and defense responses. There is scarce knowledge regarding the LOX gene family members and their involvement in biotic and abiotic stresses in potato. In this study, a total of 17 gene family members (StLOXs) in potato were identified and clustered into three subfamilies: 9-LOX type I, 13-LOX type I, and 13-LOX type II, with eleven, one, and five members in each subfamily based on phylogenetic analysis. By exploiting the RNA-seq data in the Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium (PGSC) database, the tissue-specific expressed and stress-responsive StLOX genes in double-monoploid (DM) potato were obtained. Furthermore, six candidate StLOX genes that might participate in drought and salt response were determined via qPCR analysis in tetraploid potato cultivars under NaCl and PEG treatment. Finally, the involvement in salt stress response of two StLOX genes, which were significantly up-regulated in both DM and tetraploid potato under NaCl and PEG treatment, was confirmed via heterologous expression in yeast under salt treatment. Our comprehensive analysis of the StLOX family provides a theoretical basis for the potential biological functions of StLOXs in the adaptation mechanisms of potato to stress conditions.
Metabolic syndrome refers to the simultaneous occurrence of several disorders that have been associated with other co-morbidities, such as a pro-inflammatory state and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nowadays, it is a growing public health problem that contributes to the development of non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive deficits among others. Its incidence has been related to modifiable lifestyle factors, mainly dietary patterns and physical activity. In addition, numerous studies have observed the potential beneficial effects of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome components in both animals and humans. In this line, the aim of this review is to present the scientific evidence available about the beneficial effects of the phenolic compound xanthohumol in the prevention and/or treatment of obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and fatty liver, which are important components of metabolic syndrome. All the potential beneficial effects described in this manuscript have been observed in vitro and in animal models, there are no published clinical trials in this context yet.
Participants assigned to the Digital Education mobile app group will be given instructions on how to download and access the application that will provide general health information. A new article will be provided to the participant at a rate of once per week across the 4 weeks (4 articles total) and they will receive a weekly notification when a new article is available. Each article will be available for one week from release date. We expect a target dosage of roughly 30 minutes per week (120 min), which would make it comparable to Woebot (about 5 min per day X 28 days = 140 min).
ICBT Therapist Guidance: Weekly Guidance will be provided by a Guide who is a registered social worker with a Master's in Social Work. The Guide will spend \~15 -20 mins. per week/per participant. Weekly interaction will consist of: 1) assist participants practice skills, reinforce progress, engage with the program; 2) guide participants to learn material, highlight lesson content, answer questions, and problem solve on how to apply skills; 3) provide support through warmth and concern; 4) monitor symptoms and risk management.
BACKGROUND: Hearing loss is known to be an independent risk factor for inadequate health literacy. The objective of this study was to assess the level of health literacy among patients undergoing cochlear implantation to determine areas for improvement in delivery of patient information.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the otology-neurotology clinic at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. Patients eligible for cochlear implantation completed two health literacy screening tools: The Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) and Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS).
RESULTS: Thirty seven patients were included (41% female, 59% male, mean age: 55 years). Most patients had adequate health literacy through BHLS (76%) and S-TOFHLA (98%) scoring. Over 80% of patients were not able to correctly recount all the operative risks associated with cochlear implant surgery and one third of patients did not correctly recount any risks associated with a cochlear implant surgery. Female sex was associated with higher scores (p=0.03) and low income (<$35,000) was associated with lower scores (p=0.05).
CONCLUSION: Patients eligible for cochlear implants have adequate health literacy, but most are not able to recount operative risks. Educational tools are required to improve patient retention, understand, and perioperative health information delivery.