anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The recommended duration of therapy is 9 months, with a dosage of 16 mg administered orally once daily [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. When discontinuing therapy, reduce the dosage to 8 mg once daily for the last 2 weeks of therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. 

The delayed release capsules should be swallowed whole in the morning, at least 1 hour before a meal. Do not open, crush or chew. 

If a dose is missed, take the prescribed dose at the next scheduled time. Do not double the next dose. 

Safety and efficacy of treatment with subsequent courses of TARPEYO have not been established.
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive disease characterized by its rapid doubling time, high growth fraction, early development of disseminated disease, and dramatic response to first-line chemotherapy and radiation. Small cell lung cancer accounts for approximately 20%-25% lung cancer patients. SCLC patients are categorized as limited disease, defined as disease that is confined to the ipsilateral hemithorax that can be encompassed within a tolerable radiation port, or extensive disease (ED), defined as the presence of overt metastatic disease determined by imaging or physical examination. Two third of patients are diagnosed with ED at presentation. Despite the development of novel cytotoxic drugs, the therapeutic approach to SCLC has been stagnant for more than twenty years. Standard treatment for ED-SCLC remains EP or CE, a regimen that yield a median survival of approximately 9 months and a 5-year survival of less than 1%.In some guidelines for SCLC, topotecan is recommended as the standard second-line treatment in patients who relapse less than 3 months. As for patients who relapse more than six months after the end of initial treatment, EP or CE regimen is recommended to be used again.There is no standard treatment recommendation for this group of patients who failed to second-line therapy.Apatinib has been approved as a second-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer. Several phase III clinical studies of non small cell lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer and other tumors also showed apatinib has less toxic side effects and better patient tolerance.And this clinical trial is designed to prospectively investigate the efficacy and safety of apatinib in refractory or recurrent ED-SCLC patients.
Approximately 5 subjects with a known stable photoparoxysmal response (PPR) on EEG, will be administered high dose RLS103 and placebo in a blinded, randomized, crossover design. Patient EEG responses will be compared between RLS103 and placebo. An additional low dose RLS103 may be administered to each patient in an open label period.

On study days, several procedures and intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) assessments will be performed at pre-determined times over the course of the day. After the subject completes both treatment visits, the blinded IPS data will be reviewed and analyzed by the Sponsor and the Epilepsy Study Consortium, Inc. If the blinded data on the 2 treatment days indicates a differential response, a decision will be made whether the subject will be asked to continue in the open label phase. The open label phase will consist of one visit, lasting 1 day.
Subjects in this group received 1 dose of Fluarix™ vaccine at Day 0. The vaccine was administered intramuscularly in the deltoid region of non-dominant arm.
In vitro tests have demonstrated that gentamicin is a bactericidal antibiotic which acts by inhibiting normal protein synthesis in susceptible microorganisms. It is active against a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Proteus species, (indole-positive and indole-negative), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, species of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia group, Citrobacter species and Staphylococcus species (including penicillin- and methicillin-resistant strains). Gentamicin is also active in vitro against species of Salmonella and Shigella. The following bacteria are usually resistant to aminoglycosides: Streptococcus pneumoniae, most species of streptococci, particularly group D and anaerobic organisms, such as Bacteroides species or Clostridium species. 

In vitro studies have shown that an aminoglycoside combined with an antibiotic that interferes with cell wall synthesis may act synergistically against some group D streptococcal strains. The combination of gentamicin and penicillin G has a synergistic bactericidal effect against virtually all strains of Streptococcus faecalis and its varieties ( S. faecalis var. liquifaciens, S. faecalis var. zymogenes), S. faecium and S. durans. An enhanced killing effect against many of these strains has also been shown in vitro with combinations of gentamicin and ampicillin, carbenicillin, nafcillin, or oxacillin. 

The combined effect of gentamicin and carbenicillin is synergistic for many strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro synergism against other gram-negative organisms has been shown with combinations of gentamicin and cephalosporins. Gentamicin may be active against clinical isolates of bacteria resistant to other aminoglycosides. Bacteria resistant to one aminoglycoside may be resistant to one or more other aminoglycosides. Bacterial resistance to gentamicin is generally developed slowly.
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is marked by progressive fibrosis and the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), accompanied by the destruction of pancreatic parenchyma, leading to the loss of acinar cells (ACs). Few research studies have explored the mechanism by which damaged ACs (DACs) contribute to PSCs activation and pancreatic fibrosis. Currently, there are no effective drugs for curing CP or limiting the progression of pancreatic fibrosis. In this research, co-culture with intact acinar cells (IACs) suppressed PSC activation, while co-culture with DACs did the opposite. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was significantly upregulated in DACs and was established as the key molecule that switches ACs from PSCs-suppressor to PSCs-activator. We revealed the exosomes of IACs contributed to the anti-activated function of IACs-CS on PSCs. MiRNome profiling showed that let-7 family is significantly enriched in IAC-derived exosomes (>30% miRNome), which partially mediates IACs' suppressive impacts on PSCs. Furthermore, it has been observed that the enrichment of let-7 in exosomes was influenced by the expression level of KLF4. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that KLF4 in ACs upregulated Lin28A, thereby decreasing let-7 levels in AC-derived exosomes, and thus promoting PSCs activation. We utilized an adeno-associated virus specifically targeting KLF4 in ACs (shKLF4-pAAV) to suppress PSCs activation in CP, resulting in reduced pancreatic fibrosis. IAC-derived exosomes hold potential as potent weapons against PSCs activation via let-7s, while activated KLF4/Lin28A signaling in DACs diminished such functions. ShKLF4-pAAV holds promise as a novel therapeutic approach for CP.
BACKGROUND: After autogenous arteriovenous (AV) access creation for end-stage renal disease, a majority of patients will continue on hemodialysis (HD), a minority will receive definitive treatment with kidney transplantation, and a subset of patients will convert to peritoneal dialysis (PD). Our goal was to identify patient factors associated with early transition from HD to either kidney transplantation or PD.
METHODS: This is a case-control study of all patients with first-time AV access creation in the Vascular Quality Initiative (2011-2022) who had long-term follow-up. Patients who remained on HD after AV access creation were the control group while patients who received early kidney transplant or who converted to PD were the 2 case groups. Relationship among demographics, comorbidities, neighborhood social disadvantage, and functional status as they relate to renal replacement therapy modality was assessed.
RESULTS: There were 19,782 patients included; the average age was 62 ± 15 years and 57% were male. During the follow-up period of a median 306 (71-403) days, 1.3% underwent a kidney transplantation and 2.3% underwent conversion to PD. On univariable analysis, rates of kidney transplantation or conversion to PD varied with race (P < 0.001), insurance status (P < 0.001), area deprivation index (ADI) quintile (P < 0.001), and several medical comorbidities. On multivariable analysis, impaired ambulation, current smoking, Medicaid or Medicare insurance, Black race, heart failure, body mass index, and older age were associated with decreased transplantation rates. Conversion to PD was associated with ADI Q5, Q4, and Q3. Decreased conversion to PD was associated with impaired ambulation, Hispanic ethnicity, Black race, former smoking, medication-controlled diabetes, and older age.
CONCLUSIONS: Decreased kidney transplantation was associated with Black race and noncommercial health insurance but not ADI quintile, suggesting disparities exist beyond community-level access to care. Early kidney transplantation conveyed a 3-year survival benefit compared with HD and PD, which had similar survival. Furthermore work is required to increase access to kidney transplantation and PD.
Patients receive exemestane PO QD over 21-42 days in the absence of disease progression or unaccepted toxicity. Patients undergo standard of care surgery between days 22-43.
PURPOSE:To obtain at good efficiency a hydrogel composition having high adhesiveness and a low residual monomer content. CONSTITUTION:This adhesive hydrogel composition is obtained by copolymerizing 20-60 pts.wt. 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or its salt with 0.03-0.08 pt.wt. crosslinking monomer in a mixture of 20-60 pts.wt. polyhydric alcohol and 10-50 pts.wt. aqueous medium at a pH of 5.5 or above under irradiation with ultraviolet rays.
Few lifestyle behavior change interventions have been successfully translated into practice. Addressing this research-to-practice gap is a significant research and public health priority. "Harvest for Health" is a home-based vegetable gardening intervention that pairs cancer survivors with certified Master Gardeners from the Cooperative Extension System. The parent study was started at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and is currently being conducted throughout the entire state of Alabama. Preliminary findings suggest that this intervention increases vegetable consumption and physical activity, and improves physical functioning and health-related quality of life. We propose a feasibility study to adapt this promising program to the multi-cultural population of cancer survivors and for the local context (physical, social, and cultural environment) of New Mexico. We will then implement the adapted program, "Southwest Harvest for Health" and evaluate feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity. The adaptation phase is a critical first step towards widespread dissemination, implementation, and scale-up of an evidence-based intervention.
Local wound infiltration (LWI) will be performed by the operative surgeon using 2.5 mg/kg or 1 mL/kg of 0.2% ropivacaine with maximum of 60 mL divided amongst the four port sites. 40% of the total dose will be given at the umbilicus, and 20% will be given at each of the other 3 ports. The majority of the anesthetic will be administered at the peritoneal level. Laparoscopic/robotic cholecystectomy will be performed with a port at the umbilicus and three smaller ports in a standard fashion in the subxiphoid and right upper quadrant regions. If conversion to open cholecystectomy occurs, the study data will still be collected, but the patient's data will be excluded from analysis.
PURPOSE:To eliminate a need of a complicated operation and to easily search an objective directory by setting the directory used for preceding diagnosis to a default directory before log-off. CONSTITUTION:Directory information is displayed on a CRT 6, and conversations are repeated to execute diagnosis, and it is discriminated whether this information should be set to the default directory or not before the end of conversations. When it is discriminated that it should be set, its directory is set. When an objective directory is searched, a user name is first inputted at the time of log-in. Then, a corresponding table is referred to be given the current directory and the default directory. When the current directory is set, it is set to the default directory. Thus, conversation is started with the default directory.
BACKGROUND: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is the leading cause of vascular stenosis or restenosis. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms and pivotal regulators of the proliferative VSMC phenotype is imperative for precisely preventing neointimal hyperplasia in vascular disease.
METHODS: Wire-induced vascular injury and aortic culture models were used to detect the expression of staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 (SND1). SMC-specific Snd1 knockout mice were used to assess the potential roles of SND1 after vascular injury. Primary VSMCs were cultured to evaluate SND1 function on VSMC phenotype switching, as well as to investigate the mechanism by which SND1 regulates the VSMC proliferative phenotype.
RESULTS: Phenotype-switched proliferative VSMCs exhibited higher SND1 protein expression compared to the differentiated VSMCs. This result was replicated in primary VSMCs treated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). In the injury model, specific knockout of Snd1 in mouse VSMCs reduced neointimal hyperplasia. We then revealed that ETS transcription factor ELK1 (ELK1) exhibited upregulation and activation in proliferative VSMCs, and acted as a novel transcription factor to induce the gene transcriptional activation of Snd1. Subsequently, the upregulated SND1 is associated with serum response factor (SRF) by competing with myocardin (MYOCD). As a co-activator of SRF, SND1 recruited the lysine acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B) to the promoter regions leading to the histone acetylation, consequently promoted SRF to recognize the specific CArG motif, and enhanced the proliferation- and migration-related gene transcriptional activation.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study identifies ELK1/SND1/SRF as a novel pathway in promoting the proliferative VSMC phenotype and neointimal hyperplasia in vascular injury, predisposing the vessels to pathological remodeling. This provides a potential therapeutic target for vascular stenosis.
INTRODUCTION: Angiogenesis is closely related to renal fibrosis; however, its basic mechanism remains unclear. In our study, we found that nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)-induced angiogenesis, ameliorating renal fibrosis.
METHODS: We prepared a renal fibrosis animal model with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and NR4A1 knockdown UUO mice model, Using Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to conduct all in vitro experiments. We then detected and analyzed the expression levels of NR4A1 and other genes related to angiogenesis and fibrosis.
RESULTS: The angiogenesis related genes, such as VEGFA, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), endoglin (CD105), as well as the expression of fibrosis related genes that included, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Vimentin, and Collagen I are all significantly increased in the UUO rat model. In addition, the expression of NR4A1 of the kidney tissue of UUO rats was significantly reduced. Therefore, according to the above results, we speculated that angiogenesis may exacerbate renal fibrosis and NR4A1 may repress renal fibrosis by inhibiting angiogenesis. To further verify the above results, we used VEGFA to stimulate HUVECs with (or without) overexpression or knockdown of NR4A1. The results showed that with prolonged stimulation using VEGFA, the expression of NR4A1 decreases. Overexpression of NR4A1 significantly inhibits the expression of related indicators of angiogenesis and renal fibrosis. Furthermore, knockdown of NR4A1 induces endothelial cell proliferation and migration; therefore, exacerbating angiogenesis and fibrosis. Finally, the results of NR4A1 knockdown UUO mice showed that knockdown of NR4A1 can aggravating kidney damage and induce the expression of angiogenesis and renal fibrosis related indicators, while UUO can significantly induce kidney damage, angiogenesis and renal fibrosis. When knockdown of NR4A1, renal kidney damage, angiogenesis and fibrosis becomes more severe than UUO. Thus, all of these results indicate that NR4A1 can ameliorate renal fibrosis by inhibiting angiogenesis.
CONCLUSIONS: NR4A1 can inhibit angiogenesis to ameliorate renal fibrosis.
BACKGROUND: Serum ketone bodies increase due to dynamic changes in the lipid metabolisms of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. However, there have been few studies on the role of ketone bodies after bariatric surgery. We aimed to clarify the role of and relationship between the changes in serum ketone bodies and weight loss, as well as between those changes and the metabolic effects after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).
METHODS: We recruited 52 patients with severe obesity who underwent LSG. We measured acetoacetic acid (AcAc) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (β-OHB) at the baseline, 1 month, and 6 months after LSG. Subsequently, we compared the changes in the serum ketone bodies with weight-loss effects and various metabolic parameters.
RESULTS: At 1 month after LSG, β-OHB significantly increased (p = 0.009), then significantly decreased 6 months after LSG (p = 0.002). In addition, β-OHB in patients without Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) was notably higher than in patients with T2D at 1 month after LSG (p < 0.001). In the early phase, both AcAc and β-OHB mainly had strong positive correlations with changes in T2D- and MASH-related parameters. In the middle term after LSG, changes in both AcAc and β-OHB were positively correlated with changes in lipid parameters and chronic kidney disease-related parameters.
CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that the postoperative surge of ketone bodies plays a crucial function in controlling metabolic effects after LSG. These findings suggest the cause- and consequence-related roles of ketone bodies in the metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery.
Methods for estimating blood loss within a waste container of a medical waste collection system in which an imaging device is supported with a device cradle. The method includes analyzing an image, such as image frames of a video feed, to determine a fluid volume and a blood component within the waste material. The images may be aligned based on reference markers, and the method includes segmenting the images to determine blood, meniscus, and non-blood classes. The fluid meniscus of the waste material may be identified, and mapped to a canonical coordinate space for pixel to volume conversion. Calibration data associated with the reference markers may be used to do so. At least one region of the interest associated with an insert disposed within the waste container is analyzed. The estimated blood loss, based on the determined fluid volume and the blood component, may be displayed in real-time.
Elimination of bumetanide appears to be considerably slower in neonatal patients compared with adults, possibly because of immature renal and hepatobiliary function in this population. Small pharmacokinetic studies of intravenous bumetanide in preterm and full-term neonates with respiratory disorders have reported an apparent half-life of approximately 6 hours, with a range up to 15 hours and a serum clearance ranging from 0.2 mL/min/kg to 1.1 mL/min/kg. In a population of neonates receiving bumetanide for volume overload, mean serum clearance rates were 2.17 mL/min/kg in patients less than 2 months of age and 3.8 mL/min/kg in patients aged 2 to 6 months. Mean serum half-life of bumetanide was 2.5 hours and 1.5 hours in patients aged less than 2 months and those aged 2 to 6 months, respectively. Elimination half-life decreased considerably during the first month of life, from a mean of approximately 6 hours at birth to approximately 2.4 hours at 1 month of age.

In preterm neonates, mean serum concentrations following a single 0.05 mg/kg dose ranged from 126 mcg/L at 1 hour to 57 mcg/L at 8 hours. In another study, mean serum concentrations following a single 0.05 mg/kg dose were 338 ng/mL at 30 minutes and 176 ng/mL after 4 hours. A single dose of 0.1 mg/kg produced mean serum levels of 314 ng/mL at 1 hour, and 195 ng/mL at 6 hours. Mean volume of distribution in neonates and infants has been reported to range from 0.26 L/kg to 0.39 L/kg.

The degree of protein binding of bumetanide in cord sera from healthy neonates was approximately 97%, suggesting the potential for bilirubin displacement. A study using pooled sera from critically ill neonates found that bumetanide at concentrations of 0.5 µg/mL to 50 mcg/mL, but not 0.25 mcg/mL, caused a linear increase in unbound bilirubin concentrations.

In 56 infants aged 4 days to 6 months, bumetanide doses ranging from 0.005 mg/kg to 0.1 mg/kg were studied for pharmacodynamic effect. Peak bumetanide excretion rates increased linearly with increasing doses of drug. Maximal diuretic effect was observed at a bumetanide excretion rate of about 7 mcg/kg/hr, corresponding to doses of 0.035 mg/kg to 0.040 mg/kg. Higher doses produced a higher bumetanide excretion rate but no increase in diuretic effect. Urine flow rate peaked during the first hour after drug administration in 80% of patients and by 3 hours in all patients.
No fluid loading at induction. Baseline fluid infusion - 2 ml/kg/h. PVI will be monitored continuously since anesthesia induction. Fluid challenges - if PVI rises \>=13 (or MAP falls \< 65 mmHg), a fluid challenge will be administered.
The diagnosis of RA was based on the criteria developed by the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) in 2010 \[8\]. A drug history was obtained from every patient. All non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs prescribed during the year before enrollment in the study were recorded. criteria included systemic diseases (renal failure, hepatic insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, other collagen vascular diseases, history of smoking and consumption of alcohol.In order to eliminate the possibility of any systemic disease therefore we choose that our control group as young.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new medicine that is useful for treatment of viral infections, particularly for hepatitis B virus infections.  <P>SOLUTION: Provided is a compound useful for the treatment of hepatitis infections, particularly for hepatitis B virus infections. Provided is the compound and composition that are particularly useful for treatment of viral infections. Preferred compound can exhibit significant activity against hepatitis B virus. Provided is a nucleic-based low molecule that contains at least two nucleoside units, and typically contains no more than about 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 nucleotide units, further preferably 2 or 3 nucleotide units in total. The compound comprises at least one nucleoside unit that contains one or more modifications from "natural" nucleic acids. The preferred compounds have phosphorothioate and/or phophoroamidate internucleotide linkages.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT