anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The kidneys are major organs responsible for the excretion of both endogenous and exogenous compounds, the latter including drugs and other xenobiotics. Excretion occurs via passive or active processes, the latter involving transporters such as organic cation transporters (OCTs) and organic anion transporters (OATs). Inhibition of these transporters, coupled with the large interindividual variability in transporter expression, can lead to toxic accumulation of compounds/xenobiotics cleared primarily by this route. During drug discovery and development, if in vitro evidence suggests renal transporters mediate excretion of a new chemical entity, the Food and Drug Administration recommends conducting a controlled clinical study to evaluate potential risks. These time-consuming and expensive clinical studies routinely involve adult participants and known substrates of renal transporters. However, such studies are not always feasible in children due to the enhanced potential for toxicities. This limitation led to the hypothesis that endogenous substrates could be used as surrogates, or biomarkers, of individual renal transporter function.

Endogenous OCT substrates, such as 1-methyladenosine (m1A) and 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA), as well as OATs, such as homovanillic acid (HVA) and pyridoxic acid (PDA), are promising biomarkers of renal transporters in adults. However, using one or few such endogenous substrates can be misleading due to factors other than variability in specific renal transporter function. We propose to address this knowledge gap by using a panel of endogenous substrates/metabolites that recently has been identified as a robust biomarker of rodent Octs and Oats. Validation of these substrates/metabolites as biomarkers of OCTs and OATs in humans, both adults and children, will aid in the development of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models that can be used to predict renal transporter-mediated xenobiotic excretion, drug-drug interactions, and toxicity in children.
We retrospectively analysis of 8 consecutive patients with SAP and IPN. SAP was diagnosed with persistent organ failure \>48h. IPN was considered when the following situations occur: ≥38.5℃; increasing WBC, CRP or procalcitonin; rapid clinical deterioration; signs of gas was present in areas of necrosis.
Literature shows that public perceptions toward people with intellectual disability (ID) tend to be negative, perhaps more so than toward any other population with disabilities, causing severe consequences on the quality of life of these people. Understanding factors associated with these attitudes may contribute to better integration of the ID population into society. This study focuses on the predictive role of school-age peer rejection and contemporaneous familial support on attitudes toward people with ID. Specifically, it aims to identify distinct profiles of people who experienced peer rejection during their school years and who experienced various levels of familial support during the rejection period, and to examine the disparities between these profiles regarding attitudes toward people with ID. An additional goal is to examine whether resilience can mediate the association between profiles of peer-rejected individuals and their attitudes toward individuals with ID. The research sample comprised 1063 Israeli adults reporting various levels of peer rejection during school years. Cluster analysis revealed two profiles of peer-rejected individuals that significantly differ in the level of familial support provided in the face of peer rejection. In accordance with the hypotheses, attitudes of peer-rejected individuals with poor familial support were more negative than those with high familial support and the mediating effect of resilience was significant. Findings emphasize the protective role of familial support in the face of peer rejection, contributing to the emerging literature that deals with the long-term effects of peer rejection and poor resiliency resources on negative attitudes toward out-groups.
The laparoscopic approach represents the standard of treatment for renal and adrenal diseases, and its use is increasing even outside referral centres. Although most procedures are routinely performed, intraoperative complications do not occur, and the rate and predictive factors of these complications have not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and type of intraoperative complications and to identify predictive factors in patients undergoing laparoscopic renal and adrenal surgery. This was a cohort, multicentre, international retrospective study. Patients who underwent laparoscopic renal and adrenal surgeries between April 2017 and March 2022 were included in the study. Bivariate analysis was performed using contingency tables and the χ2 test for independent samples to compare qualitative variables and the T test and Mood test for continuous variables. Multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model to obtain adjusted odds ratios. A total of 2374 patients were included in the study. Intraoperative complications were reported for 8.09% of patients who underwent renal surgery, with the most common complications reported being hollow viscus and vascular complications, and for 6.75% of patients who underwent adrenal surgery, with the most common complication reported being parenchymatous viscous complications. Multivariate analysis revealed that both adrenal and renal surgery radiological preoperative factors, such as invasive features during adrenalectomy and the RENAL score during nephrectomy, are predictive factors of intraoperative complications. In contrast to existing data, surgeon experience was not associated with a reduction in the incidence of perioperative complications.
BACKGROUND: Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are currently recommended for the secondary prevention of stroke in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) accompanied by atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the impact of NOACs on clinical outcomes in real-world practice remains ambiguous. This study analyzes the trend of clinical events in patients with AF-related AIS and determines how much the introduction of NOACs has mediated this trend.
METHODS: We identified patients with AIS and AF between January 2011 and December 2019 using a multicenter stroke registry. Annual rates of NOAC prescriptions and clinical events within 1 year were evaluated. The primary outcome was a composite of recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality. To assess the mediation effect of NOACs on the relationship between the calendar year and these outcomes, we used natural effect models and conducted exposure-mediator, exposure-outcome, and mediator-outcome analyses using multivariable regression models or accelerated failure time models, adjusting for potential confounders.
RESULTS: Among the 12 977 patients with AF-related AIS, 12 500 (average age: 74.4 years; 51.3% male) were analyzed after excluding cases of valvular AF. Between 2011 and 2019, there was a significant decrease in the 1-year incidence of the primary composite outcome from 28.3% to 21.7%, while the NOAC prescription rate increased from 0% to 75.6%. A 1-year increase in the calendar year was independently associated with delayed occurrence of the primary outcome (adjusted time ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.07-1.14]) and increased NOAC prescription (adjusted odds ratio, 2.20 [95% CI, 2.14-2.27]). Increased NOAC prescription was associated with delayed occurrence of the primary outcome (adjusted time ratio, 3.82 [95% CI, 3.17 to 4.61]). Upon controlling for NOAC prescription (mediator), the calendar year no longer influenced the primary outcome (adjusted time ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.94-1.00]). This suggests that NOAC prescription mediates the association between the calendar year and the primary outcome.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights a temporal reduction in major clinical events or death in Korean patients with AF-related AIS, mediated by increased NOAC prescription, emphasizing NOAC use in this population.
Fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) reduces opioid consumption and pain scores after total hip arthroplasty (THA), and has recently been widely applied. We investigated whether FICB could also reduce postoperative bleeding. One hundred and fifteen consecutive patients who underwent elective THA under general anesthesia over 5 months were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into 2 groups: the FICB group received an epinephrine-mixed FICB procedure and the control group did not receive any block. Using the hematocrit measured at 4 different time points (preoperative and 1, 24, and 48 hours after surgery), the estimated blood loss (EBL) was calculated for 3 different time periods (0-1, 1-24, 24-48 hours after surgery). EBL at 1 to 24 hours (226 vs 398 mL, P = .008) was significantly lower in the FICB group than in the control group. Additionally, the number of packed red cell (PRC) units transfused per patient over 48 hours was 0.38 units in the FICB group, which was significantly lower than the 0.70 units used in the control group (P = .040). Epinephrine-mixed FICB in THA has the potential to reduce postoperative bleeding in the first 24 hours after surgery as well as reduce PRC transfusion requirements.
Group B (PMC split-dose): patients will receive the first oral doses of PMC diluted in 150 ml of water (Picoprep; Ferring Italia, Milan, Italy) at 19:00 of the day before colonoscopy and the second one at 06:00 hours on the morning of the day of colonoscopy (¼ sachet for children \< 6 years, ½ sachet for children 6-12 years, and one sachet for children \>12 years). Intake of at least 40-50 ml/kg (maximum 2 L) of clear fluids (cold tea, gatorade etc..) will be recommended after each dose. The age-adjusted dosage is dictated by the instructions of the manufacturing company. No solid food intake will be allowed during the 24 hours prior to the examination according to the instructions of the manufacturing company.
The invention regards a novel use of pharmaceutical compositions in treating symptoms of disorders relating to neurological diseases and for treating pathophysiologicially related symptomology in other body tissues, including peripheral neuropathies, secondary symptomology of diabetes, Alzeheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, alcoholic polyneuropathy and age-onset symptomology. Covalent bond crosslinking of protein and lipid subcellular elements appears to underlie the formation of polymerized aggregates of neurofilaments, other structural proteins and lipofuscin. The use of certain compounds may compete with cellular protein and lipid amine groups for reaction with disease-induced carbonyl-containing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Such derivatized pharmacological agents can then be excreted by the kidneys, thus removing the toxic agent(s). The presence of an acid functional group on the agent used facilitates kidney recognition and removal. Another application of the present invention includes the oral use of non-absorbable polyamine agents such as chitosan to covalently bind and sequester potentially toxic carbonyl compound present in the diet.  Veterinary, food processing and cosmetic applications of the present invention are also described.
Dyads will undergo a 7-week course of CBCT psychotherapy for PTSD. Dyads who have undergone the CBCT-Only condition will have the option to do a crossover and have the two MDMA sessions after follow-up.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), comprising pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, is one of the most common complications after knee arthroscopy. Sequelae of VTE include VTE recurrence, postthrombotic syndrome, and potential for loss of limb or life. Given the increasing volume of knee arthroscopy procedures worldwide and the considerable morbidity and mortality associated with VTE, it is important to prevent, diagnose, and treat VTEs efficiently and effectively. Risk factors such as history of VTE, family history of VTE, genetic coagulopathy, oral contraceptive use, cancer history, and old age increase the risk of postoperative VTE and warrant consideration of prophylaxis. Diagnosis and treatment should be initiated rapidly in the setting of concerning symptoms and positive imaging diagnosis, respectively. The purpose of this review was to provide a framework to individualized VTE risk, weigh prophylaxis options, expedite diagnostic pathways, and implement outpatient treatment algorithms.
In this study, the investigators will monitor extracellular neurotransmitter levels using a probe that is able to perform realtime electrochemical detection during DBS neurosurgery. The overall question this study is designed to answer is: Are there neurotransmitters released during deep brain stimulation? We propose to enroll 45 patients (15 patients each at the three targets for DBS) with Essential Tremor, Parkinson's Disease, and Dystonia who are undergoing DBS neurosurgery. This will be an acute study. Patients with medically identifiable symptoms of the above diseases who have been approved by Mayo DBS committee for implantation of DBS will be selected for this study. These patients will then be consented preoperatively to undergo extracellular electrophysiology which is typical in these cases to determine the target site for implantation of the DBS electrodes. Following this electrophysiologic procedure, the patient will have electrochemical electrode implanted to (1) determine whether there is adenosine release at the site of stimulation during ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) thalamic DBS, (2) determine whether there is dopamine and adenosine release within the caudate nucleus or putamen during subthalamic nucleus DBS, and (3) determine whether there is dopamine and adenosine release at the site of stimulation during Globus Pallidus DBS.
Each subject was observed for at least 4 weeks after cell reinfusion (DLT observation period) . A minimum of three participants should be included in each dose group, and two or more participants should not be included in each dose group at the same time, each subject should not be enrolled until the first 1 subject did not experience a grade 3 or higher adverse event (CTCAE5.0) related to the study drug during the DLT observation period. Three or six subjects were enrolled in each dose group, depending on the occurrence of DLT. If three subjects in one dose group did not experience DLT, three subjects were enrolled in the next higher dose group; if one of three subjects experienced DLT, three more subjects were enrolled in the dose group; Expanded to 6 subjects; if only 1 of the 6 subjects after amplification produced a DLT, then 3 subjects were enrolled into the next higher dose; If a DLT occurred in ≥2 of the 6 subjects after amplification, then the dose was specified to be higher than the MTD (MTD defined as the highest dose at which a DLT occurred in ≤1/6 subjects) , new subjects were included in the previous lower dose (tolerated dose) group until the lower dose group reached 6 subjects. If DLT occurred in ≤1/6 of the subjects, the lower dose group was defined as MTD or the best effective dose. A total of six subjects received the maximum tolerated dose. In the course of the study, the researcher can combine the safety and preliminary efficacy data of the enrolled subjects, and take the safety of the subjects and the maximum benefit of the disease as the premise, study treatment was performed at the maximum tolerated dose or other doses determined by the investigator.
BACKGROUND: Gastroparesis is a condition that affects the motility of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, causing a delay in the emptying process and leading to nausea, vomiting, bloating, and upper abdominal pain. Motility treatment along with symptom management can be done using antiemetics or prokinetics. This study highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of gastroparesis and suggests a potential link between facial trauma and symptom remission, indicating the need for further investigation.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 46-year-old Hispanic man with hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and hyperlipidemia on amlodipine 10 mg, lisinopril 5 mg, empagliflozin 25 mg, and insulin glargine presented with a diabetic foot ulcer with probable osteomyelitis. During hospitalization, the patient developed severe nausea and vomiting. The gastroenterology team advised continuing antiemetic medicine and trying very small sips of clear liquids. However, the patient didn't improve. Therefore, the gastroenterology team was contacted again. They advised having stomach emptying tests to rule out gastroparesis as the source of emesis. In addition, they recommended continuing metoclopramide, and starting erythromycin due to inadequate improvement. Studies found a 748-min stomach emptying time. Normal is 45-90 min. An uneventful upper GI scope was done. Severe gastroparesis was verified, and the gastroenterology team advised a percutaneous jejunostomy or gastric pacemaker for gastroparesis. Unfortunately, the patient suffered a mechanical fall resulting in facial trauma. After the fall, the patient's nausea eased, and emesis stopped. He passed an oral liquids trial after discontinuation of erythromycin and metoclopramide.
CONCLUSION: This case exemplifies the difficulties in diagnosing and treating gastroparesis. An interesting correlation between parasympathetic surges and recovery in gastroparesis may be suggested by the surprising remission of symptoms following face injuries.
To appropriately obtain medical information necessary for obtaining an appropriate classification result in a medical site.SOLUTION: A medical information processing apparatus according to an embodiment comprises: an acquisition unit; a selection unit; a determination unit; a specification unit; and an output unit. The acquisition unit acquires medical information on a specific patient. The selection unit selects, from a plurality of learned models that receive input of the medical information and thereby output classification results related to medical determination, a learned model corresponding to input items included in the medical information as a candidate model. The determination unit determines, based on the classification performance of the candidate model, whether the candidate model satisfies a condition related to the classification performance. When the candidate model does not satisfy the condition, the specification unit specifies an eligible model satisfying the condition from the learned models, and specifies, of the input items corresponding to the eligible model, input items not included in the medical information as additional items. The output unit outputs the additional items.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Subjects with OA will be recruited and informed consent obtained. During a screening period lasting 1 to 28 days, subjects will undergo medical and arthritis history, physical examination, collection of concomitant medications, KOOS (which contains the WOMAC questionnaire), SF-36 and global 100 mm VAS assessments, have samples obtained for urinalysis, hematology, chemistry, immunology and serum and plasma for future biomarker testing, ECG, bilateral knee x-rays and MRI of the index knee at selected sites. Subjects who meet all of the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria will be randomized into the first cohort of 8 subjects to receive either 1.0 mL lactose (placebo) (2 subjects) or 1.0 mL OP-1 (6 subjects) intraarticularly using ultrasound or fluoroscopy guidance in an outpatient setting on day 1. Each cohort will consist of 8 treated patients, with treatment allocation in a 3:1 active-to-lactose (placebo) ratio. After an observation period of at least one hour, subjects will be released and contacted via telephone on Day 2 to query for AEs and concomitant medications. Additional follow-up visits will be done on days 7, 14, 28, 56, 84 and 168 (weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24) and safety and efficacy parameters evaluated according to the Schedule of Events. When a minimum of 4 weeks have elapsed since the last patient of the current cohort has been treated, all safety data will be collected and reviewed by the Principal Investigators and the Sponsor. The safety review will be conducted to ensure the demonstrated safety profile of OP-1 is acceptable for the treated patients. Only after the current dose level has been judged to be safe will dose escalation to the next dosing cohort occur.
Patients will undergo radiation therapy (28 treatments of 1.8 Gy for a total of 50.4 Gy) concurrent with capecitabine and oxaliplatin chemotherapy. The primary objective of the study is to determine the maximum tolerated doses of capecitabine and oxaliplatin when delivered concurrently with 50.4 Gy radiation therapy with or without surgery in this patient population.

Three dose levels are planned, as shown in the "Dose Escalation" table below. Three patients are planned at each level. When 3 patients have completed an entire chemoradiation course and are monitored for at least 2 weeks after the end of treatment without the occurrence of dose limiting toxicities (DLTs), then the next 3 patients will be treated at the next highest dose level. If one of the first three patients treated at any given dose level experiences a DLT, three further patients will be treated at that level. If only one in six patients at a given level experiences a DLT, escalation can proceed. If two or more of three to six patients at the lowest administered dose level experience DLTs, then the MTD is below the lowest administered dose, but no specific MTD will be defined. If two or more of three to six patients at a higher dose level experiences DLTs, the dose preceding the lowest dose level satisfying this criterion will be declared the MTD. If all the dose levels are exhausted without two or more of three to six patients experiencing DLTs, then the MTD is higher than the maximum administered dose, but no specific MTD will be defined. If MTD is reached at a given dose level, then additional patients can be accrued to the next lowest dose level, such that up to six patients can be accrued to the dose level below MTD. Because three dose levels are planned, with 3 to 6 patients enrolled in each dose level, a minimum of 9 and a maximum of 18 patients are required for trial completion.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified over fifty loci associated with lung cancer risk. However, underlying mechanisms and target genes are largely unknown, as most risk-associated variants might regulate gene expression in a context-specific manner. Here, we generate a barcode-shared transcriptome and chromatin accessibility map of 117,911 human lung cells from age/sex-matched ever- and never-smokers to profile context-specific gene regulation. Identified candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) are largely cell type-specific, with 37% detected in one cell type. Colocalization of lung cancer candidate causal variants (CCVs) with these cCREs combined with transcription factor footprinting prioritize the variants for 68% of the GWAS loci. CCV-colocalization and trait relevance score indicate that epithelial and immune cell categories, including rare cell types, contribute to lung cancer susceptibility the most. A multi-level cCRE-gene linking system identifies candidate susceptibility genes from 57% of the loci, where most loci display cell-category-specific target genes, suggesting context-specific susceptibility gene function.
Microalbuminuria is the cardinal symptom of diabetes kidney disease (DKD) and is linked to renal function decline. The cardiovascular risk of patients with DKD is much higher than that of the general population, and cardiovascular diseases is the main cause of death in patients with DKD.

We plan to enroll 72 volunteer patients with microalbuminuria. After 1 week waiting period (as the waiting list group), the patients will be randomized to on-venous laser irradiation of blood and low dose OLIB group. Each group will include 36 patients and given intervention three times a week. The intervention will then be crossed over to the other one after 1 week of wash-our period. Outcome measurement includes questionnaires, biochemistry analysis, urine routine analysis.