Efficacious child mental health services are only helpful if families engage in services. However, as many as 75% of families in need never establish contact with a mental health professional and greater than half of families fail to attend their first scheduled visit. Fortunately, first contact interventions have reduced barriers and increased the likelihood that a family begin services following initial referral. Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of a phone intervention using 'Training Intervention for the Engagement of Families' (TIES) for engagement of families referred to outpatient behavioral health services due to childhood trauma and disruptive behavior disorders. However, engagement intervention strategies have not yet been applied to a critically important population, youth with problematic sexual behaviors (PSB), who face unique barriers to engagement in treatment. PSBs in children are a substantial public health concern, as greater than one-third of child sexual abuse cases have been found to be committed by other youth. Evidence based practices (EBP's) that include direct engagement of caregivers in services for children with PSB have strong efficacy, with recidivism rates of two percent. Thus, a therapeutic response is most logical to promote community safety and prevent future incidence of PSB. Despite the development of efficacious treatment, EBP's are not provided to most youth with PSB. Our research has indicated that engagement of families when a child has PSB has greater complications due to managing internal and external experiences of shame, stigma, and misperceptions surrounding the youth's behaviors, as well as navigation of a large number of systems (e.g., child welfare, juvenile justice, law enforcement). Given the potential negative impact of treatment attrition on overall community safety and child well-being, research efforts concentrated on identifying strategies that enhance service engagement for the treatment of youth with PSB are warranted. While TIES strategies have shown great promise in increasing family engagement, no research to date has examined the impact of purposeful, evidence-based engagement intervention on decreasing attrition amongst families of youth with PSB. A critical gap exists in the research literature, as families of youth with PSB face additional perceptual barriers to engaging in treatment such as a hesitancy to discuss stigmatizing behaviors due to feelings of responsibility and shame. Therefore, the present study seeks to determine the impact of this intervention to assess if these strategies successfully aid in both the successful engagement of families in treatment for youth PSB as compared to referral as usual. This will be accomplished by conducting a small-scale Randomized Control Trial (RCT). We will test the hypothesis that TIES engagement strategies will improve both initial and sustained engagement in EBP as compared to referral as usual amongst families of school aged children with PSB. The proposed study will accomplish this through the following specific aims:

Aim 1. To examine the efficacy of an evidence-based engagement intervention strategy for successfully engaging families of youth with PSB in treatment. Families' who are referred to the PSB-CBT treatment services will be randomly assigned to TIES strategies or referral as usual procedures to test the impact of an evidence-based engagement intervention on program attrition. Factors such as parenting stress, child emotional and behavioral health concerns, treatment satisfaction and alliance will be examined to understand their unique contribution to family attrition in treatment for this population.

Aim 2. In order to accomplish Aim 1, we will first systematically adapt the TIES intervention to meet the unique needs of families of youth with PSB to improve the ability of TIES to decrease overall attrition. Adaptations to TIES strategies will include supporting families to overcome barriers such as navigating community systems and addressing misperceptions such as shame and stigma of youth with PSB.