anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
This is a phase Ⅰ clinical trial of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Hansenula polymorpha,10μg) with an open-labelled design in adults and randomized, double-blinded, and positive controlled design in children and neonates. The control vaccine was the commercialized recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Hansenula polymorpha,10μg) manufactured by Dalian Hissen Bio-pharm Lnc. Twenty four adults aged from 18 to 49 years will be vaccinated with one dose of investigational vaccine. Sixty children aged from 1 to 15 years will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive one dose of in investigational vaccine or control vaccine. Sixty neonates will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive three doses of investigational vaccine or control vaccine on the schedule of month 0,1,2. Safety profiles 30 days after each dose will be assessed based on all the participants, and immunogenicity will be assessed based on the enrolled chidren and neonates.
The present invention provides a moistureproof coating method of dangfei liganning capsule. The method includes the steps of: (1) taking 220 g of swertia pseudochinensis dry cream and 30 g of silibinin total flavonoids, setting the slurry mixing at low speed and a granulating knife at low speed, blending, sieving, and mixing again; (2) spraying the mixed material in a drying granulating machine, preheating, spraying into a coating liquid, spraying, granulating, and coating, wherein the dosage of the coating liquid accounts for 1.5-2% of granule weight gain; (3) tidying the coated granules, sieving, filling, and making into capsule products. The low viscosity coating formulation and coating process are used by the invention preferably. The granule weight gain is only 1.5-2%. The method both solves the moisture absorption problem of dangfei liganning capsule and makes the products satisfy the rules of quality standards. Under the condition of unchanging the production environment, conventional production equipments are used for process improvement, the material loss is reduced in the process of material preparation, the yield is improved, and the stable quality of products is guaranteed in the period of validity.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and chronic joint disease that affects the aging population, causing pain and disability. Macrophages in synovium are important mediators of synovial inflammatory activity and pathological joint pain. Previous studies have demonstrated the significant involvement of κ-opioid receptor (KOR) in the regulation of pain and inflammation. Our study reveals a significant reduction in synovial KOR expression among patients and mice with OA. Here, we find that KOR activation effectively inhibits the expressions of the LPS-induced-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 by inhibiting macrophage M1 phenotype. Mechanistically, KOR activation effectively suppresses the proinflammatory factor secretion of macrophages by inhibiting the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. Our animal experiments reveal that activation of KOR effectively alleviates knee pain and prevents synovitis progression in OA mice. Consistently, KOR administration suppresses the expressions of M1 macrophage markers and the NF-κB pathway in the synovium of the knee. Collectively, our study suggests that targeting KOR may be a viable strategy for treating OA by inhibiting synovitis and improving joint pain in affected patients.
Topiramate treatment can cause hyperammonemia with or without encephalopathy [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. The risk for hyperammonemia with topiramate appears dose-related. Hyperammonemia has been reported more frequently when topiramate is used concomitantly with valproic acid. Postmarketing cases of hyperammonemia with or without encephalopathy have been reported with topiramate and valproic acid in patients who previously tolerated either drug alone [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Clinical symptoms of hyperammonemic encephalopathy often include acute alterations in level of consciousness and/or cognitive function with lethargy and/or vomiting. In most cases, hyperammonemic encephalopathy abated with discontinuation of treatment.

The incidence of hyperammonemia in pediatric patients 12 to 17 years of age in the preventive treatment of migraine trials was 26% in patients taking topiramate capsules monotherapy at 100 mg/day, and 14% in patients taking topiramate capsules at 50 mg/day, compared to 9% in patients taking placebo. There was also an increased incidence of markedly increased hyperammonemia at the 100 mg dose.

Dose-related hyperammonemia was also seen in pediatric patients 1 to 24 months of age treated with topiramate capsules and concomitant valproic acid for partial-onset epilepsy and this was not due to a pharmacokinetic interaction.

In some patients, hyperammonemia can be asymptomatic.

Monitoring for Hyperammonemia 

Patients with inborn errors of metabolism or reduced hepatic mitochondrial activity may be at an increased risk for hyperammonemia with or without encephalopathy. Although not studied, topiramate treatment or an interaction of concomitant topiramate and valproic acid treatment may exacerbate existing defects or unmask deficiencies in susceptible persons.

In patients who develop unexplained lethargy, vomiting or changes in mental status associated with any topiramate treatment, hyperammonemic encephalopathy should be considered and an ammonia level should be measured.
NEW MATERIAL:A compound of formula I (R1 is lower alkyl, lower alkyloxy, halogen, etc.; R2 is lower alkyl; R3, R4 are H, lower alkyl) and a salt thereof. EXAMPLE:[2-Methyl-4-(2-ethyl-6-chloro-3-benzofuroyl)phenoxy] acetic acid. USE:Useful as a remedy for gout and other high uratemias. The compound of formula I has a remarkable uricosuric activity. PREPARATION:A compound of formula II and a compound of formula III (X is halogen; R5 is lower alkyl) are subjected to a Friedel-Crafts reaction to prepare a compound of formula IV, which is hydrolyzed to provide the compound of formula I.
Exosomes are crucial for the growth and spread of glioblastomas, an aggressive form of brain cancer. These tiny vesicles play a crucial role in the activation of signaling pathways and intercellular communication. They can also transfer a variety of biomolecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids from donor to recipient cells. Exosomes can influence the immune response by regulating the activity of immune cells, and they are crucial for the growth and metastasis of glioblastoma cells. In addition, exosomes contribute to drug resistance during treatment, which is a major obstacle in the treatment of glioblastoma. By studying them, the diagnosis and prognosis of glioblastoma can be improved. Due to their high biocompatibility and lack of toxicity, they have become an attractive option for drug delivery. The development of exosomes as carriers of specific therapeutic agents could overcome some of the obstacles to effective treatment of glioblastoma. In this review, we address the potential of exosomes for the treatment of glioblastoma and show how they can be modified for this purpose.
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) comprises a diverse group of tumors with variable treatment response and prognosis. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes microbiome and immune cells, can impact outcomes. Here, we sought to relate the presence of specific microbes, gene expression, and tumor immune infiltration using tumor transcriptomics from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and associate these with overall survival (OS). RNA sequencing (RNAseq) from HNSCC tumors in TCGA was processed through the exogenous sequences in tumors and immune cells (exotic) pipeline to identify and quantify low-abundance microbes. The detection of the Papillomaviridae family of viruses assessed HPV status. All statistical analyses were performed using R. A total of 499 RNAseq samples from TCGA were analyzed. HPV was detected in 111 samples (22%), most commonly Alphapapillomavirus 9 (90.1%). The presence of Alphapapillomavirus 9 was associated with improved OS [HR = 0.60 (95%CI: 0.40-0.89, p = .01)]. Among other microbes, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was associated with the worst survival (HR = 3.88; p = .008), while Pseudomonas viridiflava had the best survival (HR = 0.05; p = .036). Microbial species found more abundant in HPV- tumors included several gram-negative anaerobes. HPV- tumors had a significantly higher abundance of M0 (p < .001) and M2 macrophages (p = .035), while HPV+ tumors had more T regulatory cells (p < .001) and CD8+ T-cells (p < .001). We identified microbes in HNSCC tumor samples significantly associated with survival. A greater abundance of certain anaerobic microbes was seen in HPV tumors and pro-tumorigenic macrophages. These findings suggest that TME can be used to predict patient outcomes and may help identify mechanisms of resistance to systemic therapies.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an area of great unmet need. PDA accounts for 90% of pancreatic tumors in 2016. The standard of care for pancreas cancer is cytotoxic chemotherapy, but this is not particularly effective with best response rates reported of 20-30% and no significant long-term 5-year survival for patients who are not surgical candidates. Talimogene laherparepvec (previously known as OncoVEXGM-CSF) is an intratumorally delivered oncolytic immunotherapy comprised of an immune-enhanced herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) that selectively replicates in solid tumors. Talimogene laherparepvec was the first oncolytic viral therapy to be approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cancer, specifically melanoma. There is the potential that talimogene laherparepvec could exert a systemic effect mitigating the potential of PDA to metastasize.

This is a phase 1 dose escalation study to evaluate the safety of talimogene laherparepvec in PDA. To find out which doses are safe, all participants enrolled in this study will receive up to 4 injections of T-Vec. At least two doses will be evaluated in this study, depending on how many side effects are seen at each dose. Participants will not be able to pick the dose, as this will be determined based on the study experience with participants enrolled previously.
This study aimed to investigate changes in menstruation and the association of the severity of Omicron with menstruation after the nationwide outbreak of COVID-19 in China. A cross-sectional study adopted an electronic questionnaire to conduct an anonymous online survey. The survey targeted women of reproductive age who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2, and were menstruating regularly in the six months prior to the infection, and experienced at least one menstrual cycle after the infection. The 737 included participants were divided into mild and severe groups based on the severity of the infection. Deviations in first menstrual cycle post-infection were reported in 46.4% of participants (mild group 40.1% vs. severe group 55.2%, P<0.05). Menstrual changes were predominantly a late menstrual period (mild group 25.3% vs. severe group 30.4%), a shorter duration of menstrual flow (mild group 10.4% vs. severe group 14.7%), and a decrease in menstrual flow volume (mild group 16% vs. severe group 21.6%). Premenstrual syndrome symptoms in a small number of women were worse compared with pre-infection, especially in the severe group. During the second menstrual period after infection, most participants reported their menstrual characteristics had returned to those of pre-infection (mild group 88% vs. severe group 80.2%, P<0.05). In this investigation, SARS-CoV-2 infection had a substantial effect on women's menstrual characteristics, and the changes were mostly transient. Women with more severe COVID-19 symptoms experienced more significant changes. The potential long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on female reproductive health require further observation and research.
Participants randomized to this arm will have stool specimens processed after the conclusion of the study. Participants will also be given Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 5 x 10e8 cfu/mL x 60 days.
PURPOSE:The title transfusion solution that contains inosine as a nucleoside or base, thus exerting good influence on protein or nitrogen metabolism. CONSTITUTION:The objective transfusion solution is obtained by using at least 3 of inosine, uridine and hypoxanthine, preferably additionally cytidine and thymidine. Further, the transfusion solution may previously contain aminoacids, saccharides, vitamins, or trace metal elements occurring in living bodies, too. In this case, the relative weights of these substances are as shown in Table I and aminoacids have relative weight as shown in Table II. Nuclesides mean all kinds of purine nuclesides and pyrimidine nucleosides and contains inosine and uridine essentially. The bases means all kinds of purine bases and pyrimidine bases and contain hypoxathine in purine series as an essential component.
The drug being tested in this study is called propiverine. Propiverine is being tested to evaluate Quality of Life (QoL) and improvement of OAB symptoms in people who take propiverine. The study will enroll approximately 1000 patients who the treating physician decided to treat with propiverine 15mg tablets or 30 mg regulated release capsules as part of their normal clinical practice. All participants will be asked to keep a voiding diary for 2 consecutive days and to complete a QoL questionnaire after 1st visit and before each subsequent visit. This multi-centre trial will be conducted in Belgium. The overall time to participate in this study is up to 12 weeks. Participants will make 3 visits to their healthcare provider.
Musicians are at risk of hearing loss and tinnitus due to regular exposure to high levels of noise. This level of risk may have been underestimated previously since damage to the auditory system, such as cochlear synaptopathy, may not be easily detectable using standard clinical measures. Most previous research investigating hearing loss in musicians has involved cross-sectional study designs that may capture only a snapshot of hearing health in relation to noise exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cumulative noise exposure on behavioural, electrophysiological, and self-report indices of hearing damage in early-career musicians and non-musicians with normal hearing over a 2-year period. Participants completed an annual test battery consisting of pure tone audiometry, extended high-frequency hearing thresholds, distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), speech perception in noise, auditory brainstem responses, and self-report measures of tinnitus, hyperacusis, and hearing in background noise. Participants also completed the Noise Exposure Structured Interview to estimate cumulative noise exposure across the study period. Linear mixed models assessed changes over time. The longitudinal analysis comprised 64 early-career musicians (female n = 34; age range at T0 = 18-26 years) and 30 non-musicians (female n = 20; age range at T0 = 18-27 years). There were few longitudinal changes as a result of musicianship. Small improvements over time in some measures may be attributable to a practice/test-retest effect. Some measures (e.g., DPOAE indices of outer hair cell function) were associated with noise exposure at each time point, but did not show a significant change over time. A small proportion of participants reported a worsening of their tinnitus symptoms, which participants attributed to noise exposure, or not using hearing protection. Future longitudinal studies should attempt to capture the effects of noise exposure over a longer period, taken at several time points, for a precise measure of how hearing changes over time. Hearing conservation programmes for "at risk" individuals should closely monitor DPOAEs to detect early signs of noise-induced hearing loss when audiometric thresholds are clinically normal.
The present invention features a human Nkx-2.2 polypeptide and nucleotide sequences encoding Nkx-2.2 polypeptides. In a particular aspect, the polynucleotide is the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1. In addition, the invention features polynucleotide sequences that hybridize under stringent conditions to SEQ ID NO:1. In related aspects the invention features expression vectors and host cells comprising polynucleotides that encode a human Nkx-2.2 polypeptide. The present invention also relates to antibodies that bind specifically to a human Nkx-2.2 polypeptide, and methods for producing human Nkx-2.2 polypeptides. Non-human transgenic animal models are provided for Nkx-2.2 gene function and for Nkx-6.1 gene function, wherein the transgenic animal is characterized by having a defect in Nkx-2.2 gene function or a defect in Nkx-6.1 gene function and by having a decreased number of insulin-producing cells relative to a normal animal of the same species. Where the transgenic animal contains a defect in Nkx-2.2 gene function, the animal is further characterized by a decreased number of serotonin-producing cells relative to a normal animal of the same species. The transgenic animals may be either homozygous or heterozygous for the Nkx-2.2 or Nkx-6.1 defect.
Central venous access device (CVAD)-associated skin impairment (CASI) is common in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) recipients. CASI is defined as chemical, mechanical or microbiological damage to the skin occurring within a 7 cm radius of a CVAD exit site. CASI is associated with discomfort, complex dressing changes, and increased infection risk due to disruption of skin barrier function. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients receiving post-transplant care in the outpatient HSCT setting may be at higher risk of CASI. No-dressing of embedded tunneled CVAD (T-CVAD) exit sites may decrease CASI without increased risk of CVAD-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), but no studies have been conducted to test this hypothesis. A pilot study will determine the practicality of testing this hypothesis. The proposed pilot study will be conducted at an outpatient HSCT clinic located at a large tertiary hospital. The primary aim is to evaluate the logistics of comparing no-dressing to dressing in the outpatient adult allogeneic HSCT population. A total of 26 allogeneic HSCT recipients will be enrolled. Enrollment will commence once the following conditions are met: REB approval, institutional approval, and assignment of an NCT ID number. Eligible participants will have embedded T-CVADs, be within 35 to 60 days of transplant, meet criteria for neutrophil engraftment, and be without pre-existing severe CASI. Participants will be randomized to either a dressing or no-dressing group. A modified version of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) skin toxicity scale will be used to grade CASI at baseline and weekly for up to six weeks. Primary and secondary endpoints will be tested statistically to generate estimates of effect size and standard deviations, for the purpose of future study design. Information useful for planning large-scale studies will be reported, such as enrollment metrics, participant compliance, procedure fidelity, and missing data characteristics. Feedback will be collected from participants regarding their study experience.
Patients receive gemcitabine IV over 30 minutes on days 1 and 8 and cisplatin IV over 1 hour on day 1. Patients also receive gefitinib PO QD beginning on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients who achieve complete remission, partial remission, or maintain stable disease continue gefitinib PO QD for 5 years or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) commonly experience secondary complications though it is not known how they prioritize these different health domains. Using the Neurogenic Bladder Research Group (NBRG) SCI registry, our objective was to identify the top health concerns of individuals with SCI and identify factors that may be associated with these choices with particular focus on urologic issues that participants face.
METHODS: Participants in the NBRG registry were asked: "What are the top 3 problems that affect you on a daily basis?" Urinary symptoms and QoL were assessed with the Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score (NBSS). Multivariate regression was used to identify factors related to selecting a top ranked health issue.
RESULTS: Among our 1461 participants, 882 (60.4%) were men and the median age was 45.1 years (IQR 25.3-64.9). Bladder management was the most commonly top ranked primary issue (39%) followed by pain (16.4%) and bowel management (11.6%). Factors associated with ranking bladder management as the primary concern included years since injury (OR 1.01 [1.00-1.02], p = 0.042), higher (worse) total NBSS (OR 1.05 [1.03-1.06], p < 0.001), and higher (worse) NBSS QoL (OR 1.25 [1.12-1.41], p < 0.001). Reporting chronic pain on a daily basis was associated with ranking pain as the primary health concern (OR 41.7 [15.7-170], p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, bladder management was ranked as the top health issue and increasing time from injury was associated with increased concern over bladder management. More bladder symptoms were also associated with ranking bladder management as a primary concern while bladder management method and urinary tract infections rate were not.
Patients in this group will complete the standardized postoperative rehabilitation program with sham BFR, which is pressure of 20 mmHG. Exercises will be performed for 4 sets of 30/15/15/15 repetitions with a 30 second rest period between each set. The tourniquet cuff will remain inflated for all sets and rest periods for the selected exercise. A cadence of 2-second concentric and 2- second eccentric contractions (4 second time under tension) will be maintained for each BFR repetition. Upon completion of the exercise, the tourniquet cuff will be deflated, and a 1 minute minimum rest period will occur before moving on to another BFR exercise.
Patient will start at 45 micrograms per week and gradually increase to 180 micrograms per week. Pegasys will be supplied in prefilled syringes and are to be given subcutaneously.
Nateglinide lowers blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas. This action is dependent upon functioning beta-cells in the pancreatic islets. Nateglinide interacts with the ATP-sensitive potassium (K +ATP) channel on pancreatic beta-cells. The subsequent depolarization of the beta cell opens the calcium channel, producing calcium influx and insulin secretion. The extent of insulin release is glucose dependent and diminishes at low glucose levels. Nateglinide is highly tissue selective with low affinity for heart and skeletal muscle.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the number one risk factor for developing esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a deadly cancer with limited treatment options that has been increasing in incidence in the US. In this report, we discuss current studies on the role of mesenchyme and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in BE and EAC, and we highlight translational prospects of targeting these cells.
RECENT FINDINGS: New insights through studies using single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNA seq) have revealed an important emerging role of the mesenchyme in developmental signaling and cancer initiation. BE and EAC share similar stromal gene expression, as functional classifications of nonepithelial cells in BE show a remarkable similarity to EAC CAFs. Several recent sc-RNA seq studies and novel organoid fibroblast co-culture systems have characterized the subgroups of fibroblasts in BE and EAC, and have shown that these cells can directly influence the epithelium to induce BE development and cancer progression. Targeting the CAFs in EAC with may be a promising novel therapeutic strategy.
SUMMARY: The fibroblasts in the surrounding mesenchyme may have a direct role in influencing altered epithelial plasticity during BE development and progression to EAC.