anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Two independent, double-blind, multicenter, controlled trials were conducted in patients with endoscopically confirmed healed esophagitis. Patients remained in remission significantly longer and the number of recurrences of erosive esophagitis was significantly less in patients treated with lansoprazole than in patients treated with placebo over a 12 month period (Table 21). 

Regardless of initial grade of erosive esophagitis, lansoprazole 15 mg and 30 mg were similar in maintaining remission. 

In a U.S., randomized, double-blind, study, lansoprazole 15 mg daily (n = 100) was compared with ranitidine 150 mg twice daily (n = 106), at the recommended dosage, in patients with endoscopically-proven healed erosive esophagitis over a 12 month period. Treatment with lansoprazole resulted in patients remaining healed (Grade 0 lesions) of erosive esophagitis for significantly longer periods of time than those treated with ranitidine (p<0.001). In addition, lansoprazole was significantly more effective than ranitidine in providing complete relief of both daytime and nighttime heartburn. Patients treated with lansoprazole remained asymptomatic for a significantly longer period of time than patients treated with ranitidine [see Indications and Usage (1.9)].
Dextroamphetamine sulfate, USP is the dextro isomer of the compound d, l-amphetamine sulfate, a sympathomimetic amine of the amphetamine group. Chemically, dextroamphetamine is d-alpha-methylphenethylamine, and is present in all forms of dextroamphetamine sulfate, USP as the neutral sulfate. The structural formula is as follows: 

Inactive Ingredients

Magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and silicon dioxide.

The 5 mg tablet also contains D&C yellow no. 10 aluminum lake and FD&C red no. 40 aluminum lake.

The 10 mg tablet also contains FD&C red no. 40 aluminum lake and FD&C yellow no. 6 aluminum lake.
BACKGROUND: Numerous models have been developed to predict acute kidney injury (AKI) after noncardiac surgery, yet there is a lack of independent validation and comparison among them.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search to review published risk prediction models for AKI after noncardiac surgery. An independent external validation was performed using a retrospective surgical cohort at a large Chinese hospital from January 2019 to October 2022. The cohort included patients undergoing a wide range of noncardiac surgeries with perioperative creatinine measurements. Postoperative AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes creatinine criteria. Model performance was assessed in terms of discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUROC), calibration (calibration plot), and clinical utility (net benefit), before and after model recalibration through intercept and slope updates. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by including patients without postoperative creatinine measurements in the validation cohort and categorising them as non-AKI cases.
RESULTS: Nine prediction models were evaluated, each with varying clinical and methodological characteristics, including the types of surgical cohorts used for model development, AKI definitions, and predictors. In the validation cohort involving 13,186 patients, 650 (4.9%) developed AKI. Three models demonstrated fair discrimination (AUROC between 0.71 and 0.75); other models had poor or failed discrimination. All models exhibited some miscalibration; five of the nine models were well-calibrated after intercept and slope updates. Decision curve analysis indicated that the three models with fair discrimination consistently provided a positive net benefit after recalibration. The results were confirmed in the sensitivity analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: We identified three models with fair discrimination and potential clinical utility after recalibration for assessing the risk of acute kidney injury after noncardiac surgery.
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy, and its diagnosis and treatment continue to pose significant challenges. Despite advancements in surgical and comprehensive treatment methods, the five-year survival rate remains below 12 %. With the rapid development of microbiome science, the gut and oral microbiota, which are readily accessible and can be sampled non-invasively, have emerged as a novel area of interest in pancreatic cancer research. Dysbiosis in these microbial communities can induce persistent inflammatory responses and affect the host's immune system, promoting cancer development and impacting the efficacy of treatments like chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the roles of both gut and oral microbiota in the onset, progression, diagnosis, and treatment of pancreatic cancer. It analyzes the potential of utilizing these microbiomes as biomarkers and therapeutic targets from a clinical application perspective. Furthermore, it discusses future research directions aimed at harnessing these insights to advance the diagnosis and treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer. By focusing on the microbiome's role in clinical and translational medicine, this review offers insights into improving pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a specific type of hemorrhagic stroke with a worldwide incidence ranging from 0.5 to 28 per 100,000 population, with large regional variations. Despite improvements in diagnosis, treatment and care, SAH remains a disease with high mortality and morbidity. According to the literature, one third of patients die within the first few days after SAH, and most survivors have cognitive impairment or long-term disability. The overall clinical outcome depends on the severity of early brain injury (EBI), cerebral edema, hydrocephalus, development of delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DIND), epileptic seizures, and other complications. The pathophysiological cascades responsible for the development of these complications remain poorly understood. However, numerous studies support the important role of aseptic cerebrovascular inflammation induced by blood and blood breakdown products in the subarachnoid space after SAH. The increased interest in the development of cerebrovascular inflammation after SAH is confirmed by the increasing number of clinical and experimental studies devoted to this topic. Cerebrovascular aseptic inflammation as a potential treatment target is also mentioned in current guidelines for the management of patients after SAH.

The results of experimental studies formed the basis for the clinical evaluation of the effects of NSAIDs after SAH. The effects of several commonly used NSAIDs, particularly dexketoprofen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, indomethacin, or dipyrone, have been evaluated in prospective and retrospective clinical trials over the past decade. In addition to reducing pro-inflammatory markers such as IL6, lowering body temperature and platelet aggregation, the administration of NSAIDs has been associated with reduced mortality and improved clinical outcomes. Despite the beneficial effects of some NSAIDs, more robust studies are still lacking, except for one study that evaluated the effect of meloxicam in patients after SAH. This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. It showed a trend towards a better outcome with a lower incidence of vasospasm or mortality in patients after SAH.

Despite encouraging experimental results, no clinical trials have yet evaluated the anti-inflammatory and other potentially beneficial effects of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. COX-2 inhibitors, or coxibs, belong to the group of NSAIDs that selectively inhibit the COX-2 enzyme, which is responsible for developing inflammation and pain. A planned clinical study will evaluate the effects of parecoxib, a specific COX-2 inhibitor in the NSAIDs group, on overall clinical outcome and development of complications in patients following spontaneous SAH.
The invention discloses a protease produced by aspergillus versicolor ZLH-1 and aspergillus versicolor, a preparation method and application thereof. The strain used by the invention is separated from the sponge in the sea area of the south China sea and is classified and named as aspergillus versicolor: ( Aspergillus versicolor ) It is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) in 2021, 9 and 13 days, with the preservation number of CGMCC NO. 23230. Aspergillus versicolor ZLH-1 is fermented, protein separated and purified to obtain a single protein band with a molecular weight of 37.28 kDa. The preparation method has simple steps and high efficiency. The protease of the invention has a protease activityThe fiber has the effects of dissolving thrombus efficiently and recovering the blood supply of the embolism tissue quickly, and becomes a potential medicament for treating the vascular embolism diseases.
BACKGROUND: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is critical for alcohol metabolism by converting acetaldehyde to acetic acid. In East Asian descendants, an inactive genetic variant in ALDH2, rs671, triggers an alcohol flushing response due to acetaldehyde accumulation. As alcohol flushing is not exclusive to those of East Asian descent, we questioned whether additional ALDH2 genetic variants can drive facial flushing and inefficient acetaldehyde metabolism using human testing and biochemical assays.
METHODS: After IRB approval, human subjects were given an alcohol challenge (0.25 g/kg) while quantifying acetaldehyde levels and the physiological response (heart rate and skin temperature) to alcohol. Further, by employing biochemical techniques including human purified ALDH2 proteins and transiently transfected NIH 3T3 cells, we characterized two newly identified ALDH2 variants for ALDH2 enzymatic activity, ALDH2 dimer/tetramer formation, and reactive oxygen species production after alcohol treatment.
RESULTS: Humans heterozygous for rs747096195 (R101G) or rs190764869 (R114W) had facial flushing and a 2-fold increase in acetaldehyde levels, while rs671 (E504K) had facial flushing and a 6-fold increase in acetaldehyde levels relative to wild type ALDH2 carriers. In vitro studies with recombinant R101G and R114W ALDH2 enzyme showed a reduced efficiency in acetaldehyde metabolism that is unique when compared to E504K or wild-type ALDH2. The effect is caused by a lack of functional dimer/tetramer formation for R101G and decreased Vmax for both R101G and R114W. Transiently transfected NIH-3T3 cells with R101G and R114W also had a reduced enzymatic activity by ~ 50% relative to transfected wild-type ALDH2 and when subjected to alcohol, the R101G and R114W variants had a 2-3-fold increase in reactive oxygen species formation with respect to wild type ALDH2.
CONCLUSIONS: We identified two additional ALDH2 variants in humans causing facial flushing and acetaldehyde accumulation after alcohol consumption. As alcohol use is associated with a several-fold higher risk for esophageal cancer for the E504K variant, the methodology developed here to characterize ALDH2 genetic variant response to alcohol can lead the way precision medicine strategies to further understand the interplay of alcohol consumption, ALDH2 genetics, and cancer.
At any point in the study, participants randomized to this arm will take two 100 mg Imatinib tablets orally once a day with a meal and an 8 oz glass of water for 2 weeks. Participants will then take four 100 mg tablets once a day with a meal and an 8 oz glass of water for 14 weeks. Participants will be randomized to the treatment sequence and will receive either the active Imatinib or the matching placebo first or vice versa.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a composition capable of correcting insulin-resistant state and useful as an agent for treating diabetes by formulating RAR-specific ligand and a fatty acid therewith. SOLUTION: This composition contains a ligand specific to RAR and RXR receptor displaying affinity for the nucleic receptor for retinoic acid and/or its isomer, and a fatty acid (e.g. α-linoleic acid and arachidonic acid) in physiologically acceptable medium. The ligand is exemplified by 4-[(5,6,7,8- tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthyl)carboxamido]benzoic acid. The composition is enterally, parenterally or percutaneously administered, and the daily dose is 0.005-5 mg/kg. The composition is used for treatment of type II diabetic, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis.
Chronic liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-induced cirrhosis, are characterized by an increasing accumulation of stressed, damaged, or dying hepatocytes. Hepatocyte damage triggers the activation of resident immune cells, such as Kupffer cells (KC), as well as the recruitment of immune cells from the circulation toward areas of inflammation. After infiltration, monocytes differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMF) which are functionally distinct from resident KC. We herein aim to compare the in vitro signatures of polarized macrophages and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) with ex vivo-derived disease signatures from human NASH. Furthermore, to shed more light on HSC activation and liver fibrosis progression, we investigate the effects of the secretome from primary human monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells on HSC activation. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 treatment induced transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) secretion by macrophages. However, the supernatant transfer did not induce HSC activation. Interestingly, PMA-activated macrophages showed strong induction of the fibrosis response genes COL10A1 and CTGF, while the supernatant of IL-4/IL-13-treated monocytes induced the upregulation of COL3A1 in HSC. The supernatant of PMA-activated NK cells had the strongest effect on COL10A1 induction in HSC, while IL-15-stimulated NK cells reduced the expression of COL1A1 and CTGF. These data indicate that other factors, aside from the well-known cytokines and chemokines, might potentially be stronger contributors to the activation of HSCs and induction of a fibrotic response, indicating a more diverse and complex role of monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells in liver fibrosis progression.
PURPOSE: Enterobacteriaceae (EB) bloodstream infections (BSI) are frequent and serious in older patients. Physicians are faced with the dilemma of prescribing early appropriate empirical antibiotics to limit the risk of death, and sparing broad-spectrum antibiotic prescription. The aim of the study was to assess the rate of appropriate empirical antibiotics prescription to treat EB BSI in older patients and its impact on survival.
METHODS: This study conducted in 49 centres enrolled retrospectively up to the 10 last consecutive patients aged 75 years and over and treated for EB BSI. Factors related to in-hospital death were investigated using logistic regression.
RESULTS: Among the 487 enrolled patients (mean age 86 ± 5.9 years), 70% had at least one risk factor of being infected by third-generation cephalosporins (3GC)-resistant strain; however, only 13.8% of EB strains were resistant to 3GC. An empirical antimicrobial treatment was initiated for 418 patients (85.8%), and for 86% (n = 360/418) of them, it was considered appropriate. In-hospital mortality was 12.7% (n = 62) and was related to the severity of infection (OR 3.17, CI 95% 1.75-5.75), while a urinary portal of entry was protective (OR 0.34, CI 95% 0.19-0.60). Neither the absence of nor inappropriate empirical antibiotics prescription was associated with increased mortality.
CONCLUSION: While patients enrolled in this study were at risk of being infected by multidrug-resistant bacteria, yet mainly treated with 3GC, empirical antibiotics prescription was appropriate in most cases and did not influence mortality.
Posterior thoracic para-aortic lymph node (TPAN) metastasis is a distant metastasis of esophageal cancer. Several case reports have shown that radical esophagectomy and lymphadenectomy for posterior TPAN improve the prognosis of patients with cStage IVB esophageal cancer and solitary posterior TPAN metastasis; however, the true value of this procedure is unclear. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes of lymphadenectomy for posterior TPAN after induction chemotherapy in esophageal cancer. This study enrolled 15 patients who underwent radical esophagectomy for cStage IVB esophageal cancer with solitary posterior TPAN metastasis after induction chemotherapy between January 2013 and October 2022 at our hospital. The short- and long-term of radical esophagectomy and lymphadenectomy for posterior TPAN were retrospectively evaluated. All patients who underwent radical esophagectomy and lymphadenectomy for posterior TPAN achieved a pR0 in this study. The median operative time and intraoperative blood loss were 385 minutes and 164 ml, respectively. Four patients (26.7%) had postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo grade II or more. The median postoperative hospital stay was 15 days. The 5-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates were 55.6% (95% confidence interval: 23.1-79.0) and 55.0% (95% confidence interval: 25.3-77.2), respectively. We showed that lymphadenectomy for posterior TPAN metastasis was associated with an improved prognosis of some patients with advanced esophageal cancer. This technique may serve as a viable treatment option for patients who respond well to induction chemotherapy.
This is a randomized, open-label, pragmatic study designed to assess the effectiveness of coronary calcium screening. Patients who provide consent, and are eligible, will be randomized 1:1 to receive statin recommendation based on coronary calcium screening results or standard risk assessment results using the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC)-recommended pooled cohort equation.

Management of all participants will be done through their primary care physicians/clinicians and their qualified delegates who will receive education and training from the Principal Investigator and/or his delegate about the two treatment strategies. The current National guidelines group will be managed following the AHA/ACC guidelines for statin initiation and follow-up. The coronary artery calcium (CAC) group will undergo coronary artery calcium screening and will receive a statin recommendation based on the proposed CAC cardiovascular (CV) risk algorithm. All subjects will be asked to complete the Intermountain Statin Adherence Questionnaire (ISAQ) at 3 months after recommendation (+ 60 days) and then annually thereafter (within +/- 60 days of the anniversary date of recommendation). All subjects will remain under the usual care of their primary care physicians and will be followed by the study team via their electronic health records (EHR) for approximately an average of 4 years following the subjects' anniversary date of recommendation, but until the target primary endpoint event rate is met. All enrolled subjects will be followed for outcomes and this will be completely done by electronic medical records query. Other than the time point to obtain agreement for study participation and to perform the CAC screening and/or lipid panel, there will be no other study-specific clinic visits required. Further, there will be no other treatments or procedures required for this study. After about the first 600 patients are enrolled, an interim meeting will occur to evaluate entry criteria and size to determine if any modifications to the protocol should occur.
The invention provides an abies holophylla triterpenoid compound, which comprises the following compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The compounds are subjected to an experiment of cytotoxic activity, and a result shows that the five compounds have good inhibitory activity and excellent anti-tumor effect on human lung cancer cells, human intestinal cancer cells, human small cell lung cancer cells and human breast cancer cells. The five compounds are proved by a curative effect experiment on sarcoma (entities) of mice S180 to have the obvious tumor-inhibitory effect. The abies holophylla triterpenoid compound can be used for preparing anti-cancer medicaments. The medicaments of the invention consist of the abies holophylla triterpenoid compound serving as active ingredients and a conventional medicinal carrier, and can be prepared into preparations according to the conventional method. The medicaments of the invention are Chinese medicinal preparations, have small toxic and side effect and high curative effect, provide new anti-cancer medicaments clinically, have large practical application value and can create good social benefit.
Infection of human fibroblast cells with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes down-regulation of cell surface expression of MHC class I. The present invention is directed to a mutant with a 9-kb deletion in the S component of the HCMV genome (including open reading frames IRS1-US9 and US11) which fails to down-regulate class I heavy chains. By examining the phenotypes of mutants with smaller deletions with this portion of the HCMV genome, a 7-kb region containing at least 9 open reading frames was shown to contain the genes required for reduction in heavy chain expression. Furthermore, it was determined that two subregions (A and B) of the 7-kb region each contained genes which were sufficient to cause heavy chain down-regulation. In subregion B, the US11 gene product is involved. It encodes an endoglycosidase H-sensitive glycoprotein which is intracytoplasmic, similar to the adenovirus type 2 E3-19K glycoprotein which inhibits surface expression of class I heavy chains.
The mean clearance and mean t1/2 values were reported to be 0.54 ± 0.14 L/kg/hr and 0.83 ± 0.13 hr, respectively post IV administration. After IV administration of a 0.2 mg radiolabeled glycopyrrolate, 85% of dose recovered was recovered in urine 48 hours postdose and some of radioactivity was also recovered in bile. After IM administration of glycopyrrolate to adults, the mean t1/2 value is reported to be between 0.55 to 1.25 hrs. Over 80% of IM dose administered was recovered in urine and the bile as unchanged drug and half the IM dose is excreted within 3 hrs. The following table summarizes the mean and standard deviation of pharmacokinetic parameters from a study.

*0 to12 hr **0 to 8 hr
In patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), the quantitative assessment of disease activity is still difficult. Identification of patients who unlikely respond to therapy before or early in a course of the treatment could reduce morbidity and produce cost-savings. This project will evaluate the potential of advanced functional imaging techniques to monitor disease activity. Functional imaging will focus on two pathological features of SSc, i.e. metabolic activity evaluated by glucose analog 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT), and expression of inflammation-inducible vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) evaluated by new 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 tracer. If successful, the resulting techniques may prove invaluable as tools in the clinical practice and in drug research aiming to find new targets to the treatment of SSc.
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin involved in several normal cellular functions (1). Vitamin B12 is required for the development, myelination, and function of the central nervous system; healthy red blood cell formation; and DNA synthesis (2- 4). Low levels of vitamin B12 have been associated with high concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy) and can lead to health complications (5). Hyperhomocysteinemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (6). Vitamin B12 and other B vitamins are involved in homocysteine metabolism, and researchers have hypothesized that supplementation with these micronutrients can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by lowering homocysteine levels (7, 8). Vitamin B12 deficiency is one of the causes of Macrocytic anaemia with increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), defined as more than 100 fL, which is the hallmark of megaloblastic anaemia