anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVES: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on local inflammatory mediators and macrophage polarization, and immune cells in the spleen of mice with chronic inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in the hind paw, so as to investigate the immunoinflammatory regulatory mechanisms of EA in relieving pain and swelling in mice with chronic inflammatory pain.
METHODS: Thirty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control, model, and EA groups, with 10 mice in each group. Chronic inflammatory pain model were established by subcutaneous injection of 20 μL CFA solution in the left hind paw for 7 consecutive days. After modeling, mice in the EA group received EA at bilateral "Zusanli"(ST36) for 20 min (2 Hz/100 Hz, 1 mA) once a day for 18 consecutive days. Mechanical pain threshold, heat pain thresholds, and paw thickness were measured before and after mode-ling, and after interventions. Western blot was used to detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in the paw tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expression of M1-type macrophage marker inducible nitric oride synthase (iNOS) and M2-type marker CD206 in the paw, and flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of F4/80+ CD11b+ macrophages, Ly6G+ CD11b+ neutrophils, and CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in the spleen.
RESULTS: Compared with the control group, mechanical pain and heat pain thresholds were significantly reduced(P<0.000 1), while paw thickness, expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, and NLRP3 in the paw, and positive expression of M1 macrophage marker iNOS in the paw, the proportions of macrophages and neutrophils in the spleen were significantly increased (P<0.000 1, P<0.001) in the model group. Compared with the model group, mechanical pain threshold and heat pain thresholds, CD206 positive expression in the paw, and Treg cell proportion in spleen were significantly increased (P<0.01), while paw thickness, the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and NLRP3 in the paw, as well as the positive expression of M1 macrophage marker iNOS in the paw, the proportions of macrophages and neutrophils in the spleen were significantly reduced (P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05)in mice of the EA group after intervention.
CONCLUSIONS: EA may alleviate pain and swelling in mice with chronic inflammatory pain by regulating the numbers of macrophages, neutrophils, and Treg cells, as well as promoting M2 polarization of local macrophages and inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
### Absorption

Piroxicam is well absorbed following oral administration. Drug plasma concentrations are proportional for 10 and 20 mg doses and generally peak within three to five hours after medication. The prolonged half-life (50 hours) results in the maintenance of relatively stable plasma concentrations throughout the day on once daily doses and to significant accumulation upon multiple dosing. A single 20 mg dose generally produces peak piroxicam plasma levels of 1.5 to 2 mcg/mL, while maximum drug plasma concentrations, after repeated daily ingestion of piroxicam capsules, 20 mg, usually stabilize at 3 to 8 mcg/mL. Most patients approximate steady- state plasma levels within 7 to 12 days. Higher levels, which approximate steady-state at two to three weeks, have been observed in patients in whom longer plasma half-lives of piroxicam occurred.

With food there is a slight delay in the rate but not the extent of absorption following oral administration. The concomitant administration of antacids (aluminum hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide) have been shown to have no effect on the plasma levels of orally administered piroxicam.

### Distribution

The apparent volume of distribution of piroxicam is approximately 0.14 L/kg. Ninety-nine percent of plasma piroxicam is bound to plasma proteins. Piroxicam is excreted into human milk. The presence in breast milk has been determined during initial and long-term conditions (52 days). Piroxicam appeared in breast milk at about 1% to 3% of the maternal concentration. No accumulation of piroxicam occurred in milk relative to that in plasma during treatment.

### Metabolism

Metabolism of piroxicam occurs by hydroxylation at the 5 position of the pyridyl side chain and conjugation of this product; by cyclodehydration; and by a sequence of reactions involving hydrolysis of the amide linkage, decarboxylation, ring contraction, and N-demethylation. In vitro studies indicate cytochrome P4502C9 (CYP2C9) as the main enzyme involved in the formation to the 5'-hydroxy-piroxicam, the major metabolite (see Pharmacogenetics and Special Populations, Poor Metabolizers of CYP2C9 Substrates). The biotransformation products of piroxicam metabolism are reported to not have any anti-inflammatory activity.

Higher systemic exposure of piroxicam has been noted in subjects with CYP2C9 polymorphisms compared to normal metabolizer type subjects (see Pharmacogenetics and Special Populations, Poor Metabolizers of CYP2C9 Substrates).

### Excretion

Piroxicam and its biotransformation products are excreted in urine and feces, with about twice as much appearing in the urine as in the feces. Approximately 5% of a piroxicam dose is excreted unchanged. The plasma half-life (T½) for piroxicam is approximately 50 hours.
The present disclosure relates to the field of devices that utilize Radio Frequency (RF) technologies for identifying and locating people, places and things. These devices typically utilize technologies such as Bluetooth wireless technology and IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) wireless LAN. More specifically, this disclosure relates to devices and systems used in establishing location and characterizing interaction between people, places, and things. The disclosure also relates to devices that either utilize these technologies or have devices (tags) mounted or affixed on them. The devices signaling their presence at a location are commonly called "beacons". The RF technologies identified allow for precise identification as well as determination of relativize location and establishing micro-geographical location in environments and applications where technologies like GPS either cannot operate or cannot provide sufficient resolution. As this disclosure describes, these technologies can also be utilized to determine relationships between individual beacons located in an environment such as a room. Wireless devices and beacons are now prevalent in the home, factory, hospital, store, and even on the body. With their increased numbers, it becomes difficult to discern interactions between the individual beacons beyond their relative location. Yet this information is vital to assist in process improvements that require the understanding of interactions of people and objects, such as the interaction between patients and caregivers in a hospital setting. Mobile devices such as smartphones and even the beacons themselves have omni-directional transmit/receive antennas designed to have a circular radiation pattern and so have difficulty providing more than a relative distance. They cannot provide any information on directionality or, for example, which of two equidistant beacon is oriented towards them. The human body is composed primarily of water and thus interacts strongly with RF radiation, particularly in the 2.4GHz region of the RF spectrum. The system being disclosed utilized this effect along with devices operating in multiple modes to characterize and relay information about the potential interaction between beaconing devices.
Balloon catheters, methods for preparing balloon catheters, and uses of balloon catheters are disclosed. The balloon catheter includes an elongate member, an expandable balloon, and a coating layer overlying an exterior surface of the expandable balloon. The coating layer includes a total drug load of a hydrophobic therapeutic agent and a combination of additives including a first additive and a second additive. The hydrophobic therapeutic agent is paclitaxel, rapamycin, or paclitaxel and rapamycin. The first additive is a surfactant. The second additive is a chemical compound having one or more hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl, carboxyl, acid, amide, or ester groups.
Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a major health issue. Treatment of chronic LBP is still a major challenge due to a lack of pathophysiological understanding. Thus, understanding LBP pathophysiology is a research priority. Adaptions of motor control likely play a significant role in chronic or recurrent LBP because motor control is crucial for spine posture, stability and movement. Different motor adaption strategies exist across individuals with LBP and two phenotypes representing the opposite ends of a spectrum have been suggested; i.e. "tight" control and "loose" control over trunk movement. The former would be associated with reduced trunk motor variability, the later with increased trunk motor variability. This conceptual framework is very useful to explain maintenance and aggravating of LBP because motor control adaptations are expected to have long-term consequences, such as increased spinal tissue loading, associated with degeneration of intervertebral discs and other tissues. Several knowledge gaps need to be addressed to test the validity of this framework: 1) Do loose/tight control phenotypes indeed exist and/or do other motor control adaption strategies exist? 2) Is reduced/altered paraspinal proprioceptive input associated with LBP related to neuroplastic cortical changes, thereby affecting the organizational structure in sensorimotor cortices and top-down trunk motor control? 3) Do psychological factors influence the organizational structure in sensorimotor cortices and motor control strategies? To address these knowledge gaps, the objectives of the current project are: I) To establish motor control phenotypes in LBP. Proprioceptive weighting and biomechanical assessment of dynamic movement tasks, including subject-specific spine kinematic variability and its relationship to pain duration, negative pain-related cognitions, segmental loadings and paraspinal muscle forces, will be performed. II) To test whether cortical proprioceptive maps differ between healthy subjects and patients with LBP. Brain activation in response to thoracolumbar vibrotactile stimulation will be interrogated using functional magnetic resonance imaging data and univariate and multivariate analysis based on machine learning. III) To test whether proprioceptive maps demonstrate a relationship to spine kinematic patterns, pain duration and negative pain-related cognitions in LBP patients.
As a chronic, multifactorial disease, obesity is associated with a global social and economic burden. This condition significantly affects normal daily life and healthy social interactions, and shortens the life expectancy of patients. Compared with traditional weight-loss methods, the emergence of bariatric surgery has effectively improved the management of obesity. Furthermore, bariatric surgery can also inhibit the progression of multiple metabolic diseases. Despite its potential advantages, bariatric surgery cannot completely eliminate the possibility of weight regain and inadequate weight loss following the procedure. For super-obese patients, bariatric surgery still remains a surgical risk. In addition, the psychological problems and poor eating habits of obese patients also affect the weight loss effect and daily life. Thus, various adjuvant therapies involving multiple disciplines have attracted people's attention. Recently, it has been recognized that the combination of multiple interventions based on bariatric surgery is more advantageous than a single intervention in alleviating the complex and diverse metabolic diseases associated with obesity. The combined therapy considerably enhances the long-term efficacy of bariatric surgery and plays a positive role in the mental health and social lives of patients. In this article, the authors review this multidisciplinary combination therapy to enhance the current understanding of the treatment of obesity.
Pressure overload-induced hypertrophy compromises cardiac stretch-induced compliance (SIC) after acute volume overload (AVO). We hypothesized that SIC could be enhanced by physiological hypertrophy induced by pregnancy's chronic volume overload. This study evaluated SIC-cardiac adaptation in pregnant women with or without cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors. Thirty-seven women (1st trimester, 1stT) and a separate group of 31 (3rd trimester, 3rdT) women [healthy or with CVR factors (obesity and/or hypertension and/or with gestational diabetes)] underwent echocardiography determination of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and E/e' before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 15 min after (T2; SIC) AVO induced by passive leg elevation. Blood samples for NT-proBNP quantification were collected before and after the AVO. Acute leg elevation significantly increased inferior vena cava diameter and stroke volume from T0 to T1 in both 1stT and 3rdT, confirming AVO. LVEDV and E/e' also increased immediately after AVO (T1) in both 1stT and 3rdT. SIC adaptation (T2, 15 min after AVO) significantly decreased E/e' in both trimesters, with additional expansion of LVEDV only in the 1stT. NT-pro-BNP increased slightly after AVO but only in the 1stT. CVR factors, but not parity or age, significantly impacted SIC cardiac adaptation. A distinct functional response to SIC was observed between 1stT and 3rdT, which was influenced by CVR factors. The LV of 3rdT pregnant women was hypertrophied, showing a structural limitation to dilate with AVO, whereas the lower LV filling pressure values suggest increased diastolic compliance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The sudden increase of volume overload triggers an acute myocardial stretch characterized by an immediate rise in contractility by the Frank-Starling mechanism, followed by a progressive increase known as the slow force response. The present study is the first to characterize echocardiographically the stretch-induced compliance (SIC) mechanism in the context of physiological hypertrophy induced by pregnancy. A distinct functional adaptation to SIC was observed between first and third trimesters, which was influenced by cardiovascular risk factors.
Patients receive six oral polyphenon E capsules once daily for 14-28 days in the absence of unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients undergo trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor or cystectomy.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new compound having an excellent antibacterial activity against multi-resistant MRSA against which existing antibacterial agents can not sufficiently exhibit their antibacterial effects. SOLUTION: This compound is represented by the formula and has the following physicochemical properties. Nature; white amorphous solid or crystal, molecular formula; C22H33NO5, mass spectrometry; 414.2287 (found value), 414.2256 (calculated value), specific rotation; [α]20D+132 deg. (c0.1 CHCl3), solubility; easily soluble in organic solvents such ass chloroform, methanol and dimethylsulfoxide, slightly soluble in water, Rf value; 0.6 (chloroform : methanol : water = 10:6:1), color reaction; positive to sulfuric acid reaction, or the like. The compound is obtained by culturing a microorganism (FERM P-16839) or its variant by a shaking culture method or a deep aeration spinner culture method at 10-37 deg.C for about 80-160 deg.C, and then collecting the compound from the culture product. The microorganism (FERM P-16839) belongs to the genus Streptomyces and has an ability to produce the compound of the formula.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative importance of ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation in determining the likelihood and prevalence of placentally derived composite of adverse pregnancy outcomes (CAPO) and composite of severe adverse pregnancy outcomes (CAPO-S).
METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of data obtained in a tertiary maternity unit. Data regarding ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation (as measured with indices of multiple deprivation) were collected for 13 165 singleton pregnancies screened routinely in the first trimester for pre-eclampsia using the Fetal Medicine Foundation combined risk-assessment algorithm. CAPO was defined as the presence of one or more interrelated outcomes associated with placental dysfunction, namely, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth, birth weight ≤ 10th centile and stillbirth. CAPO-S was defined as the presence of one or more of the following: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at < 37 + 0 weeks, preterm birth at < 34 + 0 weeks, birth weight ≤ 5th centile and stillbirth at < 37 + 0 weeks.
RESULTS: The prevalence of CAPO was 16.3% in white women, 29.3% in black women and 29.3% in South Asian women. However, half (51.7%) of all CAPO cases occurred in white women. There was a strong interaction between ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation, with a correlation coefficient of -0.223. Both ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation influenced the prevalence of CAPO and CAPO-S, with the contribution of ethnicity being the strongest.
CONCLUSIONS: Black and Asian ethnicity, as well as socioeconomic deprivation, influence the prevalence of placenta-mediated adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite this, most adverse pregnancy outcomes occur in white women, who represent the majority of the population and are also affected by socioeconomic deprivation. For these reasons, inclusion of socioeconomic deprivation should be considered in early pregnancy risk assessment for placenta-mediated CAPO. © 2024 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Propofol administration rate will be controlled by a feedback loop facilitated by BIS monitoring using the closed-loop anaesthesia delivery system (CLADS). A BIS value of 50 will be used as the target point for induction and maintenance of anesthesia.
Regulatory agencies require evidence that endpoints correlate with clinical benefit before they can be used to approve drugs. Biomarkers are often considered surrogate endpoints. In cancer cachexia trials, the measurement of biomarkers features frequently. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the frequency and diversity of biomarker endpoints in cancer cachexia trials. A comprehensive electronic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane (1990-2023) was completed. Eligible trials met the following criteria: adults (≥18 years), prospective design, more than 40 participants, use of a cachexia intervention for more than 14 days and use of a biomarker(s) as an endpoint. Biomarkers were defined as any objective measure that was assayed from a body fluid, including scoring systems based on these assays. Routine haematology and biochemistry to monitor intervention toxicity were not considered. Data extraction was performed using Covidence, and reporting followed PRISMA guidance (PROSPERO: CRD42022276710). A total of 5975 studies were assessed, of which 52 trials (total participants = 6522) included biomarkers as endpoints. Most studies (n = 29, 55.7%) included a variety of cancer types. Pharmacological interventions (n = 27, 51.9%) were most evaluated, followed by nutritional interventions (n = 20, 38.4%). Ninety-nine different biomarkers were used across the trials, and of these, 96 were assayed from blood. Albumin (n = 29, 55.8%) was assessed most often, followed by C-reactive protein (n = 22, 42.3%), interleukin-6 (n = 16, 30.8%) and tumour necrosis factor-α (n = 14, 26.9%), the latter being the only biomarker that was used to guide sample size calculations. Biomarkers were explicitly listed as a primary outcome in six trials. In total, 12 biomarkers (12.1% of 99) were used in six trials or more. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels both increased significantly in all three trials in which they were both used. This corresponded with a primary outcome, lean body mass, and was related to the pharmacological mechanism. Biomarkers were predominately used as exploratory rather than primary endpoints. The most commonly used biomarker, albumin, was limited by its lack of responsiveness to nutritional intervention. For a biomarker to be responsive to change, it must be related to the mechanism of action of the intervention and/or the underlying cachexia process that is modified by the intervention, as seen with IGFBP-3, IGF-1 and anamorelin. To reach regulatory approval as an endpoint, the relationship between the biomarker and clinical benefit must be clarified.
The psychiatric disorders and obesity comorbidity is related to neurocognitive impairment and inflammation. Exercise is crucial to improve and maintain healthy lifestyles. This randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of aerobic exercise as promoter of neurocognitive improvement across psychiatric disorders and OB comorbid. Participants (n=29) received brief healthy lifestyle counseling and were randomized to 12 weeks of guided-exercise of moderate intensity and frequency, and incentive of autonomous physical activity proposals by the specialist; guided physical activity group (GPAG) (n=10) or 12 weeks of exercise standard physical activity without guided and incentives; standard physical activity group (SPAG) (n=19). Peripheral blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular mechanisms and metabolic activity, as well as neurocognitive and functional performance were assessed twice over after and before treatment. Mixed one-way analysis of variance and linear regression analyses were performed.
Lateral epicondylitis is also known as tennis elbow, an overuse injury that is characterized by pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle. The exact etiology has not been well identified, however its commonly associated with repetitive micro trauma from excessive gripping, wrist extension radial deviation or forearm supination. Extensor carpi radialis brevis is the most affected muscle. The aim of this study is to access the effects of mills manipulation versus Nirschl exercises on pain, strength, and function in patients with lateral epicondylitis.

This study will be a Randomized Clinical trial and will be conducted at Pakistan society for rehabilitation of disabled and Mayo Hospital in Lahore. Patients of aged 20-40 years having insidious onset of lateral elbow pain with positive cozens test, Mills test and Maudsley test will be taken. Patients with radial nerve entrapment, cervical radiculopathy and those receiving injections of corticosteroids in last 4 weeks are excluded. The study will include 32 patients randomly divided into two groups A and group B. The study will be completed within the time duration of 10 months after approval of synopsis. Group A will receive mills manipulation while Group B will receive Nirschl exercises. myofascial release therapy will be given to both groups as baseline. both groups will receive 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks (12 sessions), data will be taken by using numeric pain rating scale for pain, hand dynamometer for grip strength and Patient rated tennis elbow evaluation for evaluation of function, at the start of treatment and the end of treatment session. Data will be analysed on SPSS-25.

Key words: lateral epicondylitis, mills manipulation, Nirschl exercises, Patient rated tennis elbow evaluation