anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
There are many mechanisms involved in the antitumor effect of the antibodies including the induction of apoptosis, blocking angiogenesis, blockade of intracellular signaling pathways, and activation of complement leading to lysis of tumor cells. However it appears that the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is one of the predominant mechanisms of action. It is important to note that in order to obtain a powerful ADCC effect it is necessary the action of the antibody but also the activity of the effector cell, and thus the competence of the immune system of the guest. There are different cellular subpopulations that mediate the ADCC effect. CTL and NK are two of these subpopulations that can be reduced in patients with cancer.

A way to improve the efficiency of the monoclonal antibodies would be to improve the activity of the effector arm of the immune system. A strategy that that has been planed is the utilization of LAK cells. The culture of lymphocytes of peripheral blood with IL-2 activates the subpopulations of killer cells. This population of killer cells activated with cytokines (LAK: lymphokine activated killer) has a high number of NK and CTL cells, both with increased cytotoxic capacity. It has been demonstrated that the immunotherapy with LAK cells might be an effective and sure treatment for patients with follicular lymphoma.

In a murine model it has been demonstrated that LAK cells associated with monoclonal antibodies increase the antitumoral activity when compared to the administration of antibodies alone. In addition, in this model the combination was also superior to the administration of monoclonal antibodies + IL-2 (Schultz et al., 1990). Other investigators have demonstrated similar results. This information supports the idea of the combined therapy consisting in LAK with anti-CD20 antibodies. This therapy can induce a destruction of CD20 positive cells greater than that with the monoclonal antibodies alone. In addition, it has been reported that the administration of systemic IL-2 and LAK cells improves the ADCC in lymphoma patients treated with rituximab. It is a small pilot study, with 10 patients. Seven of them received LAK cells following a programmed way. The safety of the treatment and the promising results demonstrated in this study encourage to investigate in this line.

Since one of the mechanisms of action of the monoclonal antibodies is to promote ADCC , our hypothesis is that the treatment with a suspension of autologous effector lymphocytes expanded ex-vivo with culture should modify the biological effect of the treatment with rituximab in follicular lymphoma patients, with an acceptable safety profile, and probably increasing the efficiency of the monoclonal antibodies. In order to evaluate this hypotesis we propose an open, prospective, historically controlled, phase II clinical study in patients with follicular lymphoma who have achieved a remission after first-line therapy including the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab and chemotherapy.
Cu(II)ATSM Powder for Oral Suspension, 36 mg, to be reconstituted with Diluent (15 mL of sugar-free flavored pharmaceutical syrup) to provide an oral suspension for immediate consumption. Specified dose is 72 mg (2 bottles) taken fasting, before breakfast each day.
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune neurological disorder that causes limb weakness and numbness. Many patients require immunosuppressants and plasma exchange (PLEX) to control their symptoms. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is also an effective treatment (Hughes et al, 2006 \& 2008; Hughes, 2009; Cocito et al, 2010), and the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) guideline recommended that it should be offered in the long-term treatment of CIDP (Patwa et al, 2012). While effective, IVIG causes systemic side effects in about 5% of patients. These side effects include rash, pruritus, myalgia, fever, chills, headache, low back pain, nausea, vomiting, changes in blood pressure or heart rate, renal failure, and aseptic meningitis (Berger, 2008). For many patients who are chronically treated with IVIG, venous access may be a problem over time. An alternative is the subcutaneous (SC) route, which has been in use since 1980 for primary immune deficiency disorders and is the treatment of choice for this condition in Scandinavia and England (Radinsky et al, 2003). As compared to intravenous (IV) route, SC route maintains higher trough levels of immunoglobulins, increases patient independence, reduces systemic side-effects, and is better tolerated in those who are pregnant or sensitized to Immunoglobulin A (IgA) (Radinsky et al, 2003). In a review of side effects associated with 33,168 SCIG infusions, no severe or anaphylactoid reactions occurred (Gardulf et al, 1995). Patients can self-administer medication, and hence, overall cost may be reduced. A retrospective study of 28 children with primary immunodeficiency in Canada showed that the mean difference in costs between IVIG and SCIG during the study period (1 year on IVIG and 1 year on SCIG) was $4,346 in favor of SCIG (Ducruet et al, 2011). A US$10,100 reduction in cost per year per patient associated with SCIG use was also reported by Gardulf et al (1995) in Sweden. Disadvantages of SCIG include more frequent infusions and local reactions at sites of infusion (transient swelling, soreness, redness, induration, local heat, and itching) in about 1% of patients.
1 A pharmaceutical composition suitable as a depot formulation for administration by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, comprising (1) as an active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of a 9-hydroxy-rispendone fatty acid ester having the formula   or a salt, or a stereoisomer or a stereoisomeric mixture thereof, wherein R represents a straight C9-19 alkyl radical, and (2) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, characterized in that the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is water and the active ingredient is suspended therein. 2. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein R represents a straight C15 (pentadecyl) chain and the active ingredient is 9-hydroxyrispendone palmitate ester. 3. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein the composition further comprises a suspending agent and a wetting agent, and optionally one or more of a preservative, a buffer and an isotonizing agent. 4. A composition according to Claim 3 wherein the suspending agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the wetting agent is polysorbate 20. 5. A composition according to Claim 4 wherein the preservative is benzyl alcohol and the isotonizing agent is mannitol or a phosphate buffer. 6. A composition according to Claim 1 having a viscosity of less than 75 mPa s. 7. A composition according to Claim 1 comprising by weight based on the total volume of the composition: (a) from 3 to 20 % (w/v) of the prodrug; (b) from 0.05 to 0.2 % (w/v) of a wetting agent; (c) from 0.5 to 2 % (w/v) of a suspending agent; (d) up to 2 % (w/v) preservatives; (e) optionally one or more isotonizing agents sufficient to render the composition isotonic with serum; and (f) water q.s. ad 100%. 8. A process of preparing a pharmaceutical composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized by intimately mixing the active ingredient with the carrier. 9. A process according to Claim 8 comprising the steps of: (a) stirring the wetting agent with the water; (b) adding the preservative to the mixture while stirring; (c) dispersing the suspending agent in the mixture while stirring; (d) optionally dissolving the isotonizing agent in the mixture while stirring; (e) dispersing the active ingredient in the mixture while stirring, followed by homogenizing the mixture. 10. A pharmaceutical composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7 for use as a medicament in the treatment of schizophrenia, non-schizophrenic psychoses, behavioural disturbances associated with neurodegenerative disorders, e.g. in dementia, behavioural disturbances in mental retardation and autism, bipolar mania, depression, anxiety.
BACKGROUND: Cancer cachexia is a life-threatening, inflammation-driven wasting syndrome that remains untreatable. Adiponectin, the most abundant adipokine, plays an important role in several metabolic processes as well as in inflammation modulation. Our aim was to test whether administration of AdipoRon (AR), a synthetic agonist of the adiponectin receptors, prevents the development of cancer cachexia and its related muscle atrophy.
METHODS: The effect of AR on cancer cachexia was investigated in two distinct murine models of colorectal cancer. First, 7-week-old CD2F1 male mice were subcutaneously injected with colon-26 carcinoma cells (C26) or vehicle (CT). Six days after injection, mice were treated for 5 days with AdipoRon (50 mg/kg/day; C26 + AR) or the corresponding vehicle (CT and C26). Additionally, a genetic model, the ApcMin/+ mouse, that develops spontaneously numerous intestinal polyps, was used. Eight-week-old male ApcMin/+ mice were treated with AdipoRon (50 mg/kg/day; Apc + AR) or the corresponding vehicle (Apc) over a period of 12 weeks, with C57BL/6J wild-type mice used as controls. In both models, several parameters were assessed in vivo: body weight, grip strength and serum parameters, as well as ex vivo: molecular changes in muscle, fat and liver.
RESULTS: The protective effect of AR on cachexia development was observed in both cachectic C26 and ApcMin/+ mice. In these mice, AR administration led to a significant alleviation of body weight loss and muscle wasting, together with rescued muscle strength (P < 0.05 for all). In both models, AR had a strong anti-inflammatory effect, reflected by lower systemic interleukin-6 levels (-55% vs. C26, P < 0.001 and -80% vs. Apc mice, P < 0.05), reduced muscular inflammation as indicated by lower levels of Socs3, phospho-STAT3 and Serpina3n, an acute phase reactant (P < 0.05 for all). In addition, AR blunted circulating levels of corticosterone (-46% vs. C26 mice, P < 0.001 and -60% vs. Apc mice, P < 0.05), the predominant murine glucocorticoid known to induce muscle atrophy. Accordingly, key glucocorticoid-responsive factors implicated in atrophy programmes were-or tended to be-significantly blunted in skeletal muscle by AR. Finally, AR protected against lipid metabolism alterations observed in ApcMin/+ mice, as it mitigated the increase in circulating triglyceride levels (-38%, P < 0.05) by attenuating hepatic triglyceride synthesis and fatty acid uptake by the liver.
CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these results show that AdipoRon rescued the cachectic phenotype by alleviating body weight loss and muscle atrophy, along with restraining inflammation and hypercorticism in preclinical murine models. Therefore, AdipoRon could represent an innovative therapeutic strategy to counteract cancer cachexia.
Cohort E1 will involve a dose escalation to evaluate atezolizumab administered in combination with daratumumab and ascending-dose lenalidomide in participants with relapsed or refractory MM who have received up to 3 lines of prior treatment. NOTE: This cohort is closed to enrollment.
A composition of the present invention exhibits excellent effects on skin wrinkle alleviation, hair restore promotion, and hair loss prevention. Boehmeria spicata Thunb. extract, which is used as an active ingredient in the composition of the present invention, exhibits excellent wrinkle alleviation efficacy and has an effect on hair restore promotion or hair loss prevention through a molecular mechanism such as collagen synthesis promotion and fibroblast protection. Also, the present invention has an effect of inhibiting immune response associated with inflammation, and an antioxidative effect of eliminating active oxygen of mitochondria. Since Boehmeria spicata Thunb. extract used as an active ingredient in the composition of the present invention does not have cell cytotoxicity and side effects on skin, Boehmeria spicata Thunb. extract can be safely applied to a cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food composition.
Diagnosing neuralgic amyotrophy can be challenging in clinical practice. Here, we report the case of a 37-years old Japanese woman who suddenly developed neuropathic pain in the right upper limb after influenza vaccination. The pain, especially at night, was severe and unrelenting, which disturbed her sleep. However, X-ray and MRI did not reveal any fractures or muscle injuries, and brain MRI did not reveal any abnormalities. During neurological consultation, she was in a posture of flexion at the elbow and adduction at the shoulder. Manual muscle testing suggested weakness of the flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, flexor carpi radialis (FCR), and pronator teres (PT), while the flexor digitorum profundus was intact. Medical history and neurological examination suggested neuralgic amyotrophy, particularly anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS) with PT/FCR involvement. Innervation patterns on muscle MRI were compatible with the clinical findings. Conservative treatment with pain medication and oral corticosteroids relieved the pain to minimum discomfort, whereas weakness remained for approximately 3 months. For surgical exploration, lesions above the elbow and fascicles of the median nerve before branching to the PT/FCR were indicated on neurological examinations; thus, we performed high-resolution imaging to detect possible pathognomonic fascicular constrictions. While fascicular constrictions were not evident on ultrasonography, MR neurography indicated fascicular constriction proximal to the elbow joint line, of which the medial topographical regions of the median nerve were abnormally enlarged and showed marked hyperintensity on short-tau inversion recovery. In patients with AINS, when spontaneous regeneration cannot be expected, timely surgical exploration should be considered for a good outcome. In our case, MR neurography was a useful modality for assessing fascicular constrictions when the imaging protocols were appropriately optimized based on clinical assessment.
PURPOSE: There are few options for treatment of dysphonia secondary to vocal pathology related to lamina propria scar, atrophy, sulcus, or inflammatory disorders. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) may provide anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties seen with other tissue engineering therapies without the risks associated with these treatments. We evaluated vocal fold (VF) injection of PRP for feasibility, phonatory effects, patient satisfaction and durability.
METHODS: Patients with dysphonia secondary to vocal fold scar, atrophy, sulcus and inflammatory lesions were included. PRP injections were administered in office, to bilateral vocal folds. Patients were followed up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months to assess outcomes (GRBAS scale, maximum phonation time, vocal fatigue index (VFI), voice handicap index (VHI-10) and stroboscopy).
RESULTS: 75 intracordal PRP injections were administered to 48 patients. All injections were completed, and no adverse reactions were experienced. Improvements in VHI-10 scores at 1,3,6 months were seen (mean VHI 21.73 at baseline, 15.62 at six months, p < 0.001). 72.3% rated improvement at 7 or above on Likert scale. 95.7% of patients would consider a future PRP injection. Secondary outcomes VFI, MPT, and GRBAS also demonstrated significant improvements over time. Patients receiving a single PRP injection (n = 26) still demonstrated significant VHI-10 improvements at 1,3 and 6 months.
CONCLUSIONS: VF office PRP injections are feasible and safe and can provide phonatory benefit and reduce vocal effort in benign VF disorders. A single PRP injection is sufficient to provide sustained benefit in some cases.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III: prospective cohort study.
A class of molecules and methods that alter cell adhesion, inhibit growth of cancer cells and metastasis, and induce apoptosis both alone and in combination with standard cancer therapies is disclosed. A method according to the present invention comprises bringing cells into contact with compounds that comprise an amine linked to a carbohydrate wherein the amine and the carbohydrate are linked to form a compound chosen from the group consisting of Schiff bases, N-glycosides, esters, and Amadori products. The carbohydrate is preferably a monosaccharide or a small oligosaccharide. The carbohydrate and amine sub-units may be chemically modified. The carbohydrate sub-unit is preferably a pentose such as arabinose, xylose, ribose, ribulose, a hexose such as fructose, deoxyfructose, galactose, glucose, mannose, tagatose, rhamnose, or a disaccharide based on two of the above such as maltose, lactose, maltulose, or lactulose. A method according to the present invention further comprises bringing cells into contact with the compounds described above before, during, or after administration of another cancer therapy.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare the subject preparation useful for removal of residual heparin from a blood sample of a patient to whom the heparin is administrated, and promotion of the clotting of the blood by including a degradative glucanase enzyme specific for the heparin, and a stabilizer. SOLUTION: This additive preparation contains (A) a degradative glucanase enzyme (preferably heparinase) and (B) a stabilizer (preferably trehalose). Preferably, the preparation comprises 50-80 IU/mL of the component A, 8-12 wt.% of the component B and 15 mL of a 150 mmol buffer. The buffer is preferably a sodium phosphate buffer. Preferably, the objective preparation is spray-coated on the inner wall of a blood-collecting tube, dried by a forced air and further dried under a reduced pressure in order. The oxygen in the blood-collecting tube is removed by carrying out back flush of the dried tube with a gas mixture of CO2 and H2 and the tube is stopped. The stopped tube is irradiated at 1.5 Mrads and the blood sample containing the heparin is added to the irradiated tube.
In the current work, the foliar application of selenium nanomaterials (Se0 NMs) suppressed sheath blight in rice (Oryza sativa). The beneficial effects were nanoscale specific and concentration dependent. Specifically, foliar amendment of 5 mg/L Se0 NMs decreased the disease severity by 68.8% in Rhizoctonia solani-infected rice; this level of control was 1.57- and 2.20-fold greater than that of the Se ions with equivalent Se mass and a commercially available pesticide (Thifluzamide). Mechanistically, (1) the controlled release ability of Se0 NMs enabled a wider safe concentration range and greater bioavailability to Se0 NMs, and (2) transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses demonstrated that Se0 NMs simultaneously promoted the salicylic acid- and jasmonic-acid-dependent acquired disease resistance pathways, antioxidative system, and flavonoid biosynthesis. Additionally, Se0 NMs improved rice yield by 31.1%, increased the nutritional quality by 6.4-7.2%, enhanced organic Se content by 44.8%, and decreased arsenic and cadmium contents by 38.7 and 42.1%, respectively, in grains as compared with infected controls. Human simulated gastrointestinal tract model results showed that the application of Se0 NMs enhanced the bioaccessibility of Se in grains by 22.0% and decreased the bioaccessibility of As and Cd in grains by 20.3 and 13.4%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that Se0 NMs can serve as an effective and sustainable strategy to increase food quality and security.
Vascular anomalies are composed of vascular tumors and vascular malformations. The prognosis of vascular anomalies is significantly variable. Most of them had a benign course. However, complicated vascular anomalies can lead to disfigurement, organ disfunction and life-threatening with significant morbidity and mortality. Traditional treatments, including steroids, vincristine, cyclophosphamide and surgery, had limited response to complicated vascular anomalies. In the past few years, the inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway-sirolimus has emerged as a treatment for severe vascular anomalies. Besides, preclinical studies also showed that the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mTOR pathway play an important role in the development of vascular tumors and vascular malformations. However, the exact efficacious rate and complications of sirolimus are still unknow in china because of the lack of large scale of prospective studies. Therefore, it's important to perform this prospective study to determine the safety and efficacy of sirolimus in the treatment of Chinese children with complicated vascular anomalies, and this study will also make contributions to the diagnoses and treatments of vascular anomalies.
An insulating substrate (10) coated with a thin copper layer is drilled to form through holes (16) and etched to define a circuit pattern (15). A liquid photopolymer solder mask layer ( 1) having a smooth planar outer surface is applied over the circuit pattern and processed to expose land areas (14) surrounding the through holes (16), the walls (18) of the solder mask surrounding the lands (14) being substantially cylindrical and roughened. A thin copper layer (20) is then applied by electroless deposition overall the exposed surfaces and an insulating resist layer (13) is applied over the copper on the planar surface of the mask (11). A thick copper layer is electroplated onto the copper coating in the through hole (16) and the resist (13), together with the underlying copper layer (20), is mechanically removed. The land (14) then forms the bottom surface of an indentation having copper coated sidewalls. <IMAGE>
BACKGROUND: The Bankart repair and Latarjet procedure are both effective surgical methods for treating repeated recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. However, there is still little consensus regarding the standard treatment for recurrent anterior instability of the shoulder. Typically, the choice of treatment has been influenced more by training and tradition rather than the existing evidence. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare patient-reported outcomes, recurrence, and complications between the 2 procedures, among both athletic and nonathletic cohorts.
METHODS: Relevant clinical trials were identified through a systematic search of databases in April 2023 including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were included if they compared patient-reported outcomes or complication rates of open Latarjet procedure vs. arthroscopic Bankart repair. Continuous data, such as patient-reported outcomes were pooled as the weighted mean difference. For dichotomous data such as recurrence and revision rates, the pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated using random effects meta-analysis.
RESULTS: Twenty-one clinical studies (3 randomized controlled trials) were included in the meta-analysis involving a total of 13,176 operated shoulders. Arthroscopic Bankart showed a 3.08 times higher risk of recurrence and revision due to postoperative instability (RR = 3.08, 95% CI 2.03-4.68) compared with those who had the Latarjet approach. The Rowe score was higher in the Latarjet group by an average of 4.55 points (95% CI 2.41-6.68). This difference was more pronounced in athletes, with an increase of 5.47 points (95% CI 0.16-10.78), compared with the nonathletic population: 4.03 (95% CI 2.04-6.02). Return to sport time was shorter by 0.40 months (95% CI -0.75 to -0.05) in the Latarjet group. The total complication rate was approximately 47% lower in the Bankart group (RR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.31-0.90). Additionally, the risk of hematoma was 75% lower in patients undergoing the arthroscopic Bankart compared with the Latarjet procedure. External rotation, assessed both in abduction and adduction of the arm, as well as forward elevation, show no significant differences between the 2 groups.
CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the Latarjet procedure has a lower recurrence rate, excels in patient-reported outcomes, and requires less time for return to sports. Thus, it may be a superior alternative to arthroscopic Bankart repair. However, it is still associated with a higher incidence of complications.