anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
CMV retinitis is the most common intraocular infection in patients with AIDS and is estimated to affect 35 to 40 percent of patients with AIDS. Untreated CMV retinitis is a progressive disorder, the end result of which is total retinal destruction and blindness. The first two drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of CMV retinitis were ganciclovir (Cytovene) and foscarnet (Foscavir). At the time of this trial, both ganciclovir and foscarnet were available only as intravenous formulations. Both drugs were given in a similar two-step fashion: an initial 2-week course of high-dose therapy (induction) to control the infection followed by long-term lower dose therapy to prevent relapse (maintenance). The FGCRT compared foscarnet and ganciclovir as initial therapy for CMV retinitis.

The FGCRT was a multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing foscarnet and ganciclovir as initial therapy for CMV retinitis. Patients with previously untreated CMV retinitis were randomized to therapy with either intravenous ganciclovir or intravenous foscarnet. The outcome measures of this trial were survival, retinitis progression, loss of visual function (visual acuity and visual field), and morbidity.
Previous observational studies have reported associations between brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but the causality between them remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between IDPs and ICH by a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. We selected genetic instruments for 363 IDPs from a genome-wide association study (GWASs) based on the UK Biobank (n = 33,224). Summary-level data on ICH was derived from a European-descent GWAS with 1,545 cases and 1,481 controls. Inverse variance weighted MR method was applied in the main analysis to investigate the associations between IDPs and ICH. Reverse MR analyses were performed for significant IDPs to examine the reverse causation for the identified associations. Among the 363 IDPs, isotropic or free water volume fraction (ISOVF) in the anterior limb of the left internal capsule was identified to be associated with the risk of ICH (OR per 1-SD increase, 4.62 [95% CI, 2.18-9.81], P = 6.63 × 10-5). In addition, the reverse MR analysis indicated that ICH had no effect on ISOVF in the anterior limb of the left internal capsule (beta, 0.010 [95% CI, -0.010-0.030], P = 0.33). MR-Egger regression analysis showed no directional pleiotropy for the association between ISOVF and ICH, and sensitivity analyses with different MR models further confirmed these findings. ISOVF in the anterior limb of the left internal capsule might be a potential causal mediator of ICH, which may provide predictive guidance for the prevention of ICH. Further studies are warranted to replicate our findings and clarify the underlying mechanisms.
BACKGROUND: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) primarily affects young individuals and is a leading cause of total hip arthroplasty in this population. Joint-preserving regenerative therapies involving core decompression (CD), enhanced with cells, growth factors, and bone substitutes, have been developed but lack extensive validation. Exosomes are emerging as a promising regenerative therapy. Human adipose stem cell (hADSC)-derived exosomes exhibit angiogenic and wound-healing effects on damaged and diseased tissues, suggesting their potential efficacy in treating early-stage ONFH. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of hADSC-derived exosomes based on CD in a medium-sized animal model (rabbit).
METHODS: Exosomes were extracted using the ultrafiltration filter technique from the culture supernatants of two types of hADSCs. Characterization of exosomes was performed through nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and the detection of specific biomarkers (CD9, CD63, and CD81) by western blotting. Eighteen rabbits underwent surgical vascular occlusion and intramuscular corticosteroid injections to induce ONFH. Concurrently, CD treatment with local administration of hADSC-derived exosomes (exosome group) or saline (control group) was performed. Femoral heads were harvested at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively and evaluated using micro-computed tomography and tissue staining to assess the protective effects on osteonecrosis, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis.
RESULTS: Exosomes had average particle concentrations of 1.8 × 1012 or 1.8 × 109 particles/mL, with particle size distributions averaging 61.2 ± 14.7 or 123.1 ± 46.3 nm, and were confirmed by specific biomarkers. The exosome group exhibited a significant reduction in the severe progression of ONFH to stages 3 or 4 of the modified Ficat and Arlet classification, compared to the control group, which had four cases of stages 3 or 4. The exosome group showed significantly fewer empty lacunae in the subchondral bone area (p < 0.05) and significantly less articular cartilage injury (p < 0.05) compared to the corresponding in the control group. There were no significant differences in the microvessel number, bone trabecular structure, or volume of new bone in the medial region of the CD.
CONCLUSIONS: hADSC-derived exosomes can prevent the progression of ONFH by inhibiting osteonecrosis and cartilage damage. The ultrafiltration filter technique is effective for exosome extraction, indicating that exosomes hold potential as a therapeutic agent for ONFH.
Participants use their PAL card to self-monitor physical activity levels (intrinsic motivation) and minutes of physical activity were converted to points (1 minute of physical activity = 1 point; capped at 30 points per day) over the 12-week intervention period. Points are redeemed for rewards (extrinsic motivation) at week 6 and week 12.
At the beginning of Phase 1, participants from Group A will be exposed to the video airway library in addition to the conventional airway training. At the beginning of Phase 2, participants will continue with conventional airway training only. Each phase will last for 1 month.
A multi-phase liquid agent for the non-chemical smoothing and de-curling of keratin fibers, in particular human hair, which has an aqueous-alcoholic phase and a non-aqueous phase existing separately therefrom and which can be applied as a spray, and a method for non-chemical smoothing or de-curling of keratin fibers using the agent. Alcohols, particularly ethanol or isopropanol, may be present in the compositons. A liquid care substance is also present in the composition and is selected from protein hydrolyzates, quaternary ammonium compounds or qlycerin. In preferred embodiments, the care substance is a protein hydrolyzate. Preferably, the oil phases contains cyclopentasiloxane, dimethylpolysiloxane, methylphenylpolysiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane or cyclohexasiloxane. Most preferably the oil phase comprises cyclopentasiloxane or octamethyltrisiloxane. Preferably the compositions contain no formaldehyde and no keratin reducing agents.
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease, who face an increased risk of cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and cognitive function in older individuals, both with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD).
METHODS: In this study, we analyzed data from 2728 participants in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Cognitive function was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for the Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD W-L), the animal fluency test (AFT), the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), and the global cognitive z-score. The GNRI, representing whole-body nutritional status, was calculated based on serum albumin, body weight, and ideal body weight. We employed weighted multiple linear regression analyses and subgroup analyses to assess the independent association of GNRI with cognitive function in CKD and non-CKD populations. Smoothing techniques were used to fit curves, and interaction tests were used to assess the robustness and specificity of the findings.
RESULTS: Our analyses revealed a significant positive association between higher GNRI levels and cognitive function in the older US population (for global z-score: β = 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.00, 0.01). This association remained consistent across various subgroup analyses, including those for different gender groups, age groups, smoking statuses, diabetes statuses, hypertension statuses, individuals with a BMI below 25, individuals who consumed alcohol, and non-Hispanic white individuals. Smoothed curve-fitting analyses indicated that the GNRI was linearly related to cognitive function. No statistically significant interactions were detected among these variables.
CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the positive association between GNRI and cognitive health in individuals with or without CKD, especially when combined with other risk factors. Consequently, enhancing the nutritional status of the elderly may serve as a viable strategy to thwart the onset of cognitive decline.
A system and method for identifying an individualized glucose dynamics model for managing glucose of a patient is disclosed. The method includes collecting glucose concentration output data from the patient over a period of time. Carbohydrate size and insulin infusion input data is collected from the patient over the period of time. Parameters of a glucose dynamics model are optimized via solving an iterative optimization problem such as a nonlinear least squares problem based on the collected data while fixing a constant time and amount of a correction value. The time and amount of a modified correction value are determined based on executing a mixed integer quadratic program on the collected data while fixing a constant value for the parameters of the glucose dynamics model. A final correction value and final optimized parameters of the model are provided based on iterating the optimizing parameters and determining the modified correction value.
The present invention relates to live recombinant microorganisms, such as prokaryotic organisms, particularly enterobacteria, preferably  Salmonella enterica , which contain SEQ. ID. Nos. 1 and 2, are capable of expressing VapG and/or VapA/VapG lipoproteins (SEQ. ID. Nos. 3 and 4), and are optionally combined with other active principles, and the methods for preparing vaccine strains, antigens (SEQ. ID. Nos. 3 and 4) and vaccine compositions, preferably vector vaccines. Furthermore, the present patent application relates to the use of these vaccine vectors in preparing pharmaceutical compositions, particularly vaccines indicated for preventing and/or treating infections caused by  Rhodococcus equi , antibodies and/or anti-serums of same, and diagnostic kits, and the methods for preventing and/or treating infections caused by  R. equi .
Participants will be randomly assigned to either the BMBI group or the WLC group. Those assigned to the BMBI group will complete a number of cognitive assessments and questionnaires at Time 1. They will then receive a 45 minute mindfulness intervention. Following this, they will be asked to practice mindfulness for 30 minutes per day for 7 days a week in their own homes. After 7 days, participants in the BMBI group will be invited to complete a paired set of cognitive assessments and questionnaires (Time 2). Participants in the WLC group will complete the same number of cognitive assessments and questionnaires as the BMBI group at Time 1. However, they will not receive the 45 minute mindfulness intervention nor will they be asked to practice it at home for 7 days. After 7 days, participants in the WLC group will be invited to complete a paired set of cognitive assessments and questionnaires (Time 2). After completion of the measures at Time 2, the WLC participants will then receive the 45 minute mindfulness intervention. All assessments, questionnaires and the intervention will be carried out either in a SLaM memory clinic or at participants own homes depending on level of mobility.
As with cephalothin, high concentrations of cefoxitin (>100 mcg/mL) may interfere with measurement of serum and urine creatinine levels by the Jaffé reaction, and produce false increases of modest degree in the levels of creatinine reported. Serum samples from patients treated with cefoxitin should not be analyzed for creatinine if withdrawn within 2 hours of drug administration. 

High concentrations of cefoxitin in the urine may interfere with measurement of urinary 17-hydroxy-corticosteroids by the Porter-Silber reaction, and produce false increases of modest degree in the levels reported. 

A false-positive reaction for glucose in the urine may occur. This has been observed with CLINITEST† reagent tablets. 

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility: Long-term studies in animals have not been performed with cefoxitin to evaluate carcinogenic or mutagenic potential. Studies in rats treated intravenously with 400 mg/kg of cefoxitin (approximately 3 times the maximum recommended human dose) revealed no effects on fertility or mating ability.
Arm 3 subjects have plasma ctDNA negative. Treatment of patient and physician's choice will be given with consideration for capecitabine and pembrolizumab. Dose, schedule and duration of treatment to be determined by treating physician.
Cefazolin 2g (or 3g if greater than 120kg body weight) will be given within an hour of surgery. The intraoperative dose at 4 hours after the first dose or upon wound closure (whatever comes first). Vancomycin will be dosed at roughly 15mg/kg body weight intravenously, i.e. 1g or 1.5g if greater than 85kg body weight and is to be administered within 60-90 minutes of the surgical procedure.
All study participants, in both study arms, will receive standard services currently available to YLHIV in these facilities and communities. The services currently include: routine clinical care for HIV treatment including laboratory testing (CD4, viral load tests); active case management by community volunteers with intensive adherence support during the first 4 weeks of ART; adherence support through phone calls and SMS (short messaging service) reminders; and enhanced adherence counseling for patients with unsuppressed viral loads.
INTRODUCTION: Fatigue is a highly prevalent debilitating symptom among patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), which markedly affects the quality of life. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of extended-release fampridine on fatigue in PwMS.
METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial on 77 PwMS with a complaint of fatigue, aged over 18 years old, randomized to extended-release fampridine (n = 44) or placebo (n = 35) for 12 weeks. Fatigue and motor function were assessed at baseline and end point.
RESULTS: A total of 88 patients were recruited, of whom 77 were analyzed. 80.5% were female, with a median age of 38. 87% were diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) with a median disease duration of 96 months. Fingolimod (37.7%) was considered the most frequently used DMT, followed by ani-CD20s (32.5%). The total median MFIS score was 43.5 and 37 in the fampridine and placebo groups which were not significantly different (p > 0.05). After 12 weeks, the total MFIS improved in both groups compared to the baseline, which was significant in the active group (p = 0.04). However, the final end point total MFIS was still comparable between the two groups (p = 0.11).
CONCLUSION: The present study revealed a positive short-term effect of extended-release fampridine on MFIS in PwMS. However, this effect was not significantly superior to the placebo.
The use of diagenetic alterations in bone microstructure ('histotaphonomy') as indicators of funerary treatment in the past and for post-mortem interval calculations in forensic cases has received increasing attention in the last decade. Studies have used histological changes to conclude in-situ decomposition, mummification, infanticide and post-mortem interval. There has been very little attempt to experimentally validate the links between decomposition, depositional conditions, time-since-death and microscopic changes in human bone so that meaningful interpretations of archaeological and forensic observations can be made. Here, we address this problem experimentally using the largest sample of human remains from anatomical donors and the longest-term deposition framework to date. This study tests one key assumption of histotaphonomy; that putrefaction during the early stages of decay is reflected in bone microanatomy and composition. Seventeen human donors and six pigs were deposited on the surface in a known Australian environment and left to decompose between 463 and 1238 days. All remains underwent all stages of decomposition reaching skeletonisation. Rib and femur samples were analysed using conventional histological methods and scanning electron microscopy, by applying the Oxford Histological Index, and examining collagen birefringence, microcracking and re- and de mineralisation. Biomolecular changes of the femoral samples were analysed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results indicate that bioerosion in human bone does not occur due to putrefaction. There were no correlations between bone histology and the following variables: human vs pigs, season, primary vs secondary deposition, position, fresh vs frozen and time-since-deposition. Furthermore, no trends were observed between biomolecular changes and time-since-deposition. The study also shows that pigs cannot be used as substitutes for human remains for bone biodegradation research. This is the first, controlled, larger scale study of human remains providing a lack of support for a long-assumed relationship between putrefaction and bone histology bioerosion. Using bone degradation as an argument to prove putrefaction, in-situ decomposition and early taphonomic processes cannot be supported based on the experimental human data presented.
The Athletes for Life (AFL) study was a 12-week randomized controlled trial designed to promote cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and healthy lifestyle changes among parents and children. The original enrollment target was 160 families. A total of 149 parent-child dyads living in a Southwestern U.S. metropolitan area were enrolled in the study. AFL consisting of 24 structured, twice-weekly 90-min family-based, nutrition and sport/fitness-oriented sessions, and was delivered in a municipal recreation center. Behavior change, including increased physical activity, and adherence were motivated through positive reinforcement techniques. Families were randomized to either the AFL program or a wait-list control group.
The efficacy of FOSAMAX 40 mg once daily for six months was demonstrated in two double-blind clinical studies of male and female patients with moderate to severe Paget's disease (alkaline phosphatase at least twice the upper limit of normal): a placebo-controlled, multinational study and a U.S. comparative study with etidronate disodium 400 mg/day. Figure 6 shows the mean percent changes from baseline in serum alkaline phosphatase for up to six months of randomized treatment.

Figure 6:

At six months the suppression in alkaline phosphatase in patients treated with FOSAMAX was significantly greater than that achieved with etidronate and contrasted with the complete lack of response in placebo-treated patients. Response (defined as either normalization of serum alkaline phosphatase or decrease from baseline greater than or equal to 60%) occurred in approximately 85% of patients treated with FOSAMAX in the combined studies vs. 30% in the etidronate group and 0% in the placebo group. FOSAMAX was similarly effective regardless of age, gender, race, prior use of other bisphosphonates, or baseline alkaline phosphatase within the range studied (at least twice the upper limit of normal).

Bone histology was evaluated in 33 patients with Paget's disease treated with FOSAMAX 40 mg/day for 6 months. As in patients treated for osteoporosis [see Clinical Studies (14.1)], FOSAMAX did not impair mineralization, and the expected decrease in the rate of bone turnover was observed. Normal lamellar bone was produced during treatment with FOSAMAX, even where preexisting bone was woven and disorganized. Overall, bone histology data support the conclusion that bone formed during treatment with FOSAMAX is of normal quality.
BACKGROUND: Alcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related liver cirrhosis (ASH/NASH-LC) are major causes of esophageal varices (EVs). However, the association between high visceral fat and exacerbation of EVs remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the association of visceral fat and recurrence rate of EVs in ASH/NASH-LC and to identify independent predictors associated with recurrence.
METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated data from 94 patients who underwent endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for EVs with ASH/NASH-LC. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve for the cut-off value of visceral fat index (VFI; 46.4 cm2/m2), we classified patients as having a high VFI (n = 53) or low VFI (n = 41). Propensity score matching was used to align for background factors, and the recurrence rate of EVs was compared between the two groups. Predictors associated with esophageal variceal recurrence were identified by multivariate analysis. The recurrence rate in patients with viral LC was also investigated.
RESULTS: In the overall analysis, the recurrence rate was significantly higher in the high VFI group than in the low VFI group (P = 0.023). The recurrence rate was also higher in the high VFI group than in the low VFI group after propensity score matching, in which 19 patients were matched in each group (P = 0.048). VFI and Child-Pugh score were independently associated with recurrence. Recurrence rates were comparable between the two groups in viral LC patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Worsening of variceal recurrence was observed in high visceral fat patients in ASH/NASH-LC but not in viral LC. Furthermore, high visceral fat was an independent predictor associated with variceal recurrence.
INTRODUCTION: We aim to compare the upper lip bite test with the modified Mallampati test as predictors of difficult laryngoscopy and/or difficult intubation among morbidly obese patients.
METHODS: A total of 500 morbidly obese patients (body mass index > 40 kg/m2) undergoing general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation are included in this prospective single-blinded observational clinical study. The preoperative airway assessment is obtained by the modified Mallampati test and upper lip bite test. The difficulty of laryngoscopy is assessed by an experienced anaesthetist in patients adequately anaesthetised and fully relaxed. The view is classified according to Cormack and Lehane's classification. Modified Mallampati test III or IV and upper lip bite test III are considered positive tests. Difficult laryngoscopy is defined as Cormack and Lehane's classification III and IV, whereas difficult endotracheal intubation is defined as an intubation difficulty scale ⩾ 5.
RESULTS: The incidences of Cormack and Lehane's classification III and IV and intubation difficulty scale ⩾ 5 are 9.4% and 11.8% respectively. The specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy are higher with the upper lip bite test. The combination of the upper lip bite test and the modified Mallampati test improved these measures. The likelihood ratio + was significantly higher for the upper lip bite test (6.35 and 9.47) than for the modified Mallampati test (3.21 and 3.16).
CONCLUSION: The upper lip bite test is a test with high sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and accuracy making it a favourable test for identifying easy and difficult intubations and laryngoscopies in morbidly obese patients.
Patients receive irinotecan hydrochloride PO and adavosertib PO on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 18 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.