anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
There is intersubject variation in the pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and incidence of side effects with acitretin capsules. A number of the more common side effects are dose-related. Individualization of dosage is required to achieve sufficient therapeutic response while minimizing side effects. Therapy with acitretin capsules should be initiated at 25 to 50 mg per day, given as a single dose with the main meal. Maintenance doses of 25 to 50 mg per day may be given dependent upon an individual patient’s response to initial treatment. Relapses may be treated as outlined for initial therapy.

When acitretin capsules are used with phototherapy, the prescriber should decrease the phototherapy dose, dependent on the patient’s individual response (see PRECAUTIONS).

Females who have taken TEGISON (etretinate) must continue to follow the contraceptive recommendations for TEGISON. TEGISON is no longer marketed in the U.S.; for information, call 1-888-838-2872.

Information for Pharmacists

Acitretin capsules must only be dispensed in no more than a monthly supply. An acitretin capsules Medication Guide must be given to the patient each time acitretin capsules are dispensed, as required by law.
The present invention relates generally to the non-enzymatic glycosylation of amyloidogenic proteins and the consequent formation of advanced glycosylation endproducts (AGEs). It has been found that formation of AGE-amyloidogenic proteins can enhance amyloidosis. The invention further relates to compositions and methods for the prevention and treatment of amyloidosis associated with amyloid diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disease and Type II diabetes, and more particularly Alzheimer's disease. In a specific example, aggregation of an amyloidogenic peptide, βAP, is enhanced by the glycosylation reaction of βAP to form AGE-βAP as defined herein. Accordingly, the invention extends to a method for modulating the in vivo aggregation of amyloid polypeptides and associated amyloidosis by controlling the formation and presence of AGE-amyloid polypeptide. A corresponding diagnostic utility comprises the measurement of the course and extent of amyloidosis by a measurement of the presence and amount of AGEs and particularly, AGE-amyloid. An assay is included that may use the AGE-amyloid polypeptide of the present invention to identify disease states characterized by the presence of AGE-amyloid. Additionally, such an assay can be utilized to monitor therapy and thus adjust a dosage regimen for a given disease state characterized by the presence of AGE-amyloid.
For 2 weeks, on the WFPBD arm, patients will receive 14 items weekly, prepared and shipped by U.S. based company, Daily Harvest once a week. The meals will have range from 2 breakfast, 11 lunch/dinners, 1 snack (provided Week 1), and whole grains items (provided Week 2). The meals will contain legumes, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and plant-based fats that have undergone minimal processing. Detailed recommendations for additional meals outside those given by Daily Harvet meeting the standard of a WFPBD will also be given to supplement their individual daily calorie needs through the guidance of the research dietitian. Patients will receive a varied menu created by Daily Harvest and the study team on a weekly basis.
Bilateral maxillary nerve block was planned to be performed using 10 cc 0.25% bupivacaine via suprazigomatic approach after providing airway safety in the block group with general anaesthesia applications. The haemodynamic values (blood pressure arterial, peak heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation), postoperative numeric pain scores and postoperative quality of recovery index (QoR-15) values at the 24th hour will be recorded .
Systems and methods of tracking objects around an ego vehicle, using state estimation of the objects, where state estimation may include an estimate of a position, velocity, acceleration and bounding box size of the tracked object are disclosed. An object may be detected at one or more poses over time. For each pose, a first bounding box may be generated. The largest bounding box may be determined. For each pose, the first bounding box may be expanded to an expanded bounding box. The expanded bounding box may match the largest bounding box. For each pose, the center of the expanded bounding box may be determined. The object may be tracked according to the center of the expanded bounding box.
INTRODUCTION: Previous research has demonstrated the impact of postoperative phosphate levels on liver regeneration and outcomes after liver resection surgeries, a potential predictor for regenerative success and liver failure. However, little is known about the association between low preoperative serum phosphate levels and outcomes in liver resections.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of liver resections performed at our institution. Patients were categorized based on preoperative phosphate levels (low versus normal). Our primary outcome measure was posthepatectomy liver failure.
RESULTS: A total of 265 cases met the study criteria. 71 patients (26.7%) had low preoperative phosphate levels. The incidence of posthepatectomy liver failure was higher in the low preoperative phosphate group (19.2% versus 12.4%). However, after propensity score matching, rates of posthepatectomy liver failure were similar between low and normal preoperative phosphate cohorts (13% versus 14%, P = 0.83).
CONCLUSIONS: Low preoperative phosphate levels were not associated with worse postoperative outcomes in this study. Further studies are warranted to investigate this association and its relevance as a clinical prognostic factor for postoperative liver failure.
The training will be performed 3 times a week, for 12 weeks, during 60 minutes, being that will be divided into 20 min of general exercises, 20 min of specific exercises and 20 min of play activities. The activities will be carried out in a way adapted for the elderly. Will be carried out neuromotor control / coordination, balance, flexibility and static and dynamic stabilization. They will also have acceleration and deceleration activities, rotation and counter-rotation, extension and counter-extension, flexion and counter-flexion.
Subjects will receive surgery + Gliadel® wafer implantation + Limited Field Radiation Therapy to a dose of 61.2 Gy with concomitant daily temozolomide. Up to 8 wafers will be implanted into the tumor resection cavity (depending upon its size) after maximal tumor resection. Between days 10 and 30 all subjects will begin a standard course of post-operative limited field radiation therapy to the tumor site and a surrounding margin, with concomitant daily temozolomide (75mg/m2 x 7 d/wk for 6 weeks, concomitant chemoradiotherapy phase). Beginning no later than 45 days following completion of radiation, temozolomide will be given at a dosage of 200 mg/m2 daily for five days on a 28 day schedule, for a total of 6 cycles (adjuvant chemotherapy phase). Subjects will be monitored weekly during chemoradiotherapy with CBC with differential and brief clinical assessment, and monthly during the adjuvant chemotherapy phase. Toxicity reports will be assessed every three months. Dose limiting toxicities (DLT) are defined in section 4.2. If toxic events unresponsive to planned dose modification exceed 20% of enrolled subjects the stopping rule will be met and the study will be discontinued. MRIs will be obtained no more than 72 hours post-op, and then prior to the first, third, and fifth cycles of monthly temozolomide. Additionally, a stealth MRI or CT scan (with or without contrast) will be done one week prior to radiotherapy for treatment planning at the discretion of the treating Radiation Oncologist. Following completion of the entire course of treatment subjects will be monitored clinically as well as with MRI every 3 months for survival and evidence of progression.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical value of 3D Echocardiography (3DE) in evaluating the changes of left atrial volume and pulmonary vein structure in patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF).
METHODS: Clinical data were collected from 54 AF patients. Left Atrial Anteroposterior Diameter (LADap), Left Atrial left and right Diameter (LADml), and Left Atrial upper and lower Diameter (LADsi) were measured; the maximum Left Atrial Volume (LAVmax), minimum Left Atrial Volume (LAVmin), left atrial presystolic volume (LAVpre), and Cross-Sectional Area (CSA) of each pulmonary vein were analyzed. Passive Ejection Fraction (LAPEF) was calculated. The differences in left atrial volume and pulmonary vein structure between patients with AF and healthy people were compared, and the correlation between the indexes was analyzed. The diagnostic value of the above indicators for AF patients was analyzed.
RESULTS: LADap, LADml, LADsi, LAVmax, LAVmin, LAVpre, LAPEF, LSPV CSA, LIPV CSA, RSPV CSA, and RIPV CSA of AF patients were significantly higher. There was a significant positive correlation between left atrial diameter and pulmonary vein structure. There was a significant positive correlation between left atrial volume and pulmonary vein structure. There was a negative correlation between LAPEF and pulmonary vein structure. LADap, LADml, LADsi, LAVmax, LAVmin, LAVpre, LAPEF, LSPV CSA, LIPV CSA, RSPV CSA, and RIPV CSA had a diagnostic value for AF patients.
CONCLUSION: 3DE is applicable for evaluating left atrial volume and pulmonary vein structure in patients with AF.
BACKGROUND: The nutritional status of incident patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been associated with survival outcomes. Bioimpedanciometry (BCM) enables to establish a nutritional diagnosis, the volume status, and correlates these findings with survival.
METHODS: This study used a retrospective multicenter historical cohort.
RESULTS: In this study, which included 420 incident patients on peritoneal dialysis with a 5-year follow-up, a cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) of 28.8% was found, being higher in the diabetic population at 36.8%. In regard to the nutritional status in this population, it was found that approximately 44% had altered nutritional status; 34% were found to be in sarcopenia; 6.7% sarcopenic obesity; and 2.8% in obesity (p < 0.001). In the survival analysis, a lower probability of survival was found in patients with overhydration (OH) greater than 3 L (p < 0.001) and in patients with altered nutritional status due to sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and obesity (p 0.016). According to survival in the subgroup of the diabetic population, a lower probability of survival was found in this group of patients (p: 0.011). The overall mortality of the study population was 18%, being higher in the first 2 years, with the most important causes of mortality being cardiovascular. Of the deceased population, 51% were diabetic patients (p: 0.012).
CONCLUSION: In incident patients on peritoneal dialysis, sarcopenic obesity, sarcopenia, overhydration status determined by BCM, and having a diagnosis of diabetes are related to a lower probability of survival; MACE outcomes are more frequent in the diabetic population.
A video game in possession of and/or in the proximity of a patient. The patient computing system receives an indication that it is to begin a game, and executes the game using identified game parameters that are associated with the patient by a clinician as part of a disease therapy program. As the game executes, game state progresses in response to physical activity of the patient, causing the patient to exercise. The physical activity is received as input into the patient computing system. Such input causes game state to be progressed dependent on the identified game parameters that are associated with the game. Thus, the game is tailored for the patient by a clinician in order to motivate physical activity that is medically beneficial to the patient in order to advance through the disease therapy program.
BACKGROUND: Facial paralysis secondary to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) presents the reconstructive surgeon with unique challenges because of its pathognomonic feature of bilateral acoustic neuromas, involvement of multiple cranial nerves, use of antineoplastic agents, and management. Facial reanimation literature on managing this patient population is scant.
METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was performed. All patients with NF2-related facial paralysis who presented in the past 13 years were reviewed retrospectively for type and degree of paralysis, NF2 sequelae, number of cranial nerves involved, interventional modalities, and surgical notes.
RESULTS: Twelve patients with NF2-related facial paralysis were identified. All patients presented after resection of vestibular schwannoma. Mean duration of weakness before surgical intervention was 8 months. On presentation, one patient had bilateral facial weakness, 11 had multiple cranial nerve involvement, and seven were treated with antineoplastic agents. Two patients underwent gracilis free functional muscle transfer, five underwent masseteric-to-facial nerve transfer (of whom two were dually innervated with a crossfacial nerve graft), and one patient underwent depressor anguli oris myectomy. Trigeminal schwannomas did not affect reconstructive outcomes if trigeminal nerve motor function on clinical examination was normal. In addition, antineoplastic agents such as bevacizumab and temsirolimus did not affect outcomes if stopped in the perioperative period.
CONCLUSIONS: Effectively managing patients with NF2-related facial paralysis necessitates understanding the progressive and systemic nature of the disease, bilateral facial nerve and multiple cranial nerve involvement, and common antineoplastic treatments. Neither antineoplastic agents nor trigeminal nerve schwannomas associated with normal examination affected outcomes.
CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, V.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of neural mobilisation on nerve function and nerve structure of patients with peripheral neuropathic pain.
METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched without restrictions. Eligibility criteria included controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies comparing neural mobilisation versus sham, active or inactive control in adults with peripheral neuropathic pain. Primary outcomes were the change in peripheral nerve cross-sectional area. Secondary outcomes included nerve echogenicity, nerve excursion and nerve conduction. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework.
RESULTS: Eleven randomised controlled trials and four quasi-experimental studies (total sample = 722 participants) were included. Thirteen studies included participants with carpal tunnel syndrome. Two studies examined the cross-sectional area, revealing improvements (i.e., a reduction) in the cross-sectional area after the neural mobilisation. Neural mobilisation improved motor [mean difference = 2.95 (95%CI 1.67 to 4.22)] and sensory conduction velocity in short-term [mean difference = 11.74 (95%CI 7.06 to 16.43)], compared to control. Neural mobilisation did not alter distal motor or sensory latency.
CONCLUSION: Neural mobilisation seems to improve (i.e., a reduced) the cross-sectional area (very low-quality evidence) and sensory conduction velocity (very low-quality evidence). Neural mobilisation was superior to control in improving motor conduction velocity in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain with moderate quality evidence. Distal motor or sensory latency presented similar results compared to other interventions. Our findings should be interpreted cautiously since most studies included patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.
People living with the effects of stroke frequently require assistance with everyday tasks (e.g., dressing, managing medications, driving) well-beyond 90-days post stroke. Executive function (EF) deficits are a major contributor to disability and as many as 75% of stroke survivors present with EF deficits. EF is a collection of cognitive processes that include orienting towards the future (i.e. planning), demonstrating self-control (i.e. behavioral inhibition), problem-solving, adapting to environmental changes, and facilitating goal-directed behaviors, all of which are essential skills for managing health. EF deficits are frequently undetected during hospitalization and result in discharge to the community with as many as 71% of survivors receiving inadequate services for long-term needs. Furthermore, scales of neurological impairment for classifying stroke severity like the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) are frequently used as a standard of care and also sometimes support identification of impairments. However, research previously conducted by the research team indicates that this goes beyond the intended scope of the tools and scales like the NIHSS do not relate to EF deficits thus resulting in inadequate rehabilitation referrals if another EF screening or assessment is not used. Persons with post-stroke EF deficits have a multitude of modifiable risk factors that require intervention beyond regular health advice only. Consequently, the demand for specialized interventions to prevent and mitigate negative health outcomes (e.g., recurrent stroke, cardiovascular disease risk, cognitive decline risk, hospital readmission) in this population is quickly expanding and offers a significant opportunity for supporting recovery and improving quality of life for people with stroke. Although lifestyle-based vascular risk factor reduction interventions are numerous, there is a lack of consideration for targeting cognitive factors that can influence real-world application.
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication of sepsis and a leading cause of mortality in septic patients. Studies indicate that STING may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced ALI by interacting with the PARP-1/NLRP3 pathway. Therefore, targeting STING inhibition has potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for ALI. However, effective inhibition remains challenging due to the widespread expression of STING across various tissues. In this study, we developed a nanozyme-based drug delivery system, DSPE-TK-mPEG-MnO2@siSTING (abbreviated as DTmM@siSTING), using DSPE-TK-mPEG-MnO2 as the carrier, and characterized it via scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle size analysis, and gel electrophoresis. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of DTmM@siSTING, an in vitro ALI cell model and an in vivo ALI mouse model were established, assessing the nanozyme's impact on ROS levels, inflammatory responses, and the PARP-1/NLRP3 pathway in sepsis-induced ALI. Results demonstrated that DTmM@siSTING exhibited good physiological stability. In vitro, DTmM@siSTING significantly reduced ROS levels, myeloperoxidase activity, and expression of inflammatory cytokines, while also inhibiting PARP-1/NLRP3 pathway activation. In vivo experiments further revealed that DTmM@siSTING effectively delivered siSTING to the lungs, mitigating sepsis-induced ALI and associated inflammatory responses. Additionally, DTmM@siSTING displayed excellent biocompatibility. In summary, our findings suggest that DTmM@siSTING significantly enhances the therapeutic efficacy of siSTING, alleviating ALI by inhibiting ROS production, inflammatory responses, and activation of the PARP-1/NLRP3 pathway. This novel approach presents a promising therapeutic avenue for sepsis-induced ALI.
The patterns by which primary tumors spread to metastatic sites remain poorly understood. Here, we define patterns of metastatic seeding in prostate cancer using a novel injection-based mouse model-EvoCaP (Evolution in Cancer of the Prostate), featuring aggressive metastatic cancer to bone, liver, lungs, and lymph nodes. To define migration histories between primary and metastatic sites, we used our EvoTraceR pipeline to track distinct tumor clones containing recordable barcodes. We detected widespread intratumoral heterogeneity from the primary tumor in metastatic seeding, with few clonal populations instigating most migration. Metastasis-to-metastasis seeding was uncommon, as most cells remained confined within the tissue. Migration patterns in our model were congruent with human prostate cancer seeding topologies. Our findings support the view of metastatic prostate cancer as a systemic disease driven by waves of aggressive clones expanding their niche, infrequently overcoming constraints that otherwise keep them confined in the primary or metastatic site. Significance: Defining the kinetics of prostate cancer metastasis is critical for developing novel therapeutic strategies. This study uses CRISPR/Cas9-based barcoding technology to accurately define tumor clonal patterns and routes of migration in a novel somatically engineered mouse model (EvoCaP) that recapitulates human prostate cancer using an in-house developed analytical pipeline (EvoTraceR).
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are risk factors for fragility fractures. It is unknown whether this elevated risk is due to a diet favoring obesity or the diabetes that often occurs with obesity. Therefore, we hypothesized that the fracture resistance of bone is lower in mice fed with a high fat diet (45% kcal; HFD) than in mice that fed on a similar, control diet (10% kcal; LFD), regardless of whether the mice developed overt T2D. Sixteen-week-old, male NON/ShiLtJ mice (resistant to T2D) and age-matched, male NONcNZO10/LtJ (prone to T2D) received a control LFD or HFD for 21 weeks. HFD increased the bodyweight to a greater extent in the ShiLtJ mice compared to the NZO10 mice, while blood glucose levels were significantly higher in NZO10 than in ShiLtJ mice. As such, the glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels exceeded 10% in NZO10 mice, but it remained below 6% in ShiLtJ mice. Diet did not affect HbA1c. HFD lowered trabecular number and bone volume fraction of the distal femur metaphysis (micro-computed tomography or μCT) in both strains. For the femur mid-diaphysis, HFD significantly reduced the yield moment (mechanical testing by three-point bending) in both strains but did not affect cross-sectional bone area, cortical thickness, nor cortical tissue mineral density (μCT). Furthermore, the effect of diet on yield moment was independent of the structural resistance of the femur mid-diaphysis suggesting a negative effect of HFD on characteristics of the bone matrix. However, neither Raman spectroscopy nor assays of advanced glycation end-products identified how HFD affected the matrix. HFD also lowered the resistance of cortical bone to crack growth in only the diabetic NZO10 mice (fracture toughness testing of other femur), while HFD reduced the ultimate force of the L6 vertebra in both strains (compression testing). In conclusion, the HFD-related decrease in bone strength can occur in mice resistant and prone to diabetes indicating that a diet high in fat deleteriously affects bone without necessarily causing hyperglycemia.