anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Molecular-targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been developed for various malignant diseases, thereby improving clinical outcomes. However, these drugs are expensive, and few studies have assessed their actual use and costs in Japan. This study aimed to survey the use and costs of first-line chemotherapy for advanced/recurrent gastric cancer (AGC) in real-world settings.
METHODS: The survey included patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor type2 (HER2)-negative AGC who initiated first-line chemotherapy from January 2022 to December 2022 at the participating 92 institutions in the Japan Clinical Oncology Group. Data on the regimens were collected using Google Forms. A regimen that costs >500 000 Japanese yen (JPY) per month was defined as expensive.
RESULTS: Data on chemotherapy regimens were collected from 2173 patients at all 92 institutions between March 2023 and May 2023. We analyzed 2113 patients who underwent the chemotherapy with recommended regimens and conditionally recommended regimens according to the Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines sixth edition. The expensive regimens were triplet chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine (S-1 or capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil/levofolinate), oxaliplatin, and nivolumab. Their monthly costs ranged from 767 648 to 771 046 JPY. Nivolumab-containing regimens cost more than 20 times the price of conventional chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin. These regimens were used in 1416 (67%) of 2113 patients: in 71% of patients aged ≤74 years and in 59% of patients aged ≥75 years.
CONCLUSION: The regimens with >20-fold cost of conventional chemotherapy were used as first-line chemotherapy in two-thirds of patients and more than half even in the elderly population with HER2-negative AGC. This finding is important for future health economic studies on drug cost-efficacy.
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare cholestatic immune-mediated liver disease. The clinical course varies from mild to severe, with a substantial group of patients developing cirrhosis within a decade. These patients are at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, decompensation and liver failure. First line Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment improves the cholestatic surrogate markers, and was recently associated with a favorable survival free of liver transplantation, even in case of an incomplete biochemical response. However, despite adequate UDCA therapy, patients remain at risk of liver disease progression. Therefore, on-treatment multifactor-based risk stratification is necessary to identify patients in need of additional therapy. This requires a personalized approach; especially as recent studies suggest that complete biochemical normalization as most stringent response criterion might be preferred in selected patients to optimize their outcome. Today, stricter biochemical goals might actually be reachable with the addition of farnesoid X receptor or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, or, in highly-selected cases, use of corticosteroids. Randomized controlled trials showed improvements in the key biochemical surrogate markers with the addition of these drugs, which have also been associated with improved clinical outcome. Considering this evolving PBC landscape, with more versatile treatment options and treatment goals, this review recapitulates the recent insight in UDCA therapy, the selection of patients with a residual risk of liver disease progression and the results of the currently available second line treatment options.
A problem addressed by the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and/or treatment of hearing loss.　The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and/or treatment of hearing loss that contains a compound represented by general formula (1) [in the formula, A is an optionally substituted benzene ring. B is an optionally substituted aryl or an optionally substituted heteroaryl. X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. Y is a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom. In general formula (2), general formula (3) is a single bond or a double bond when Y is a carbon atom and a single bond when Y is a nitrogen atom. R1 are each independently a lower alkyl, or two R1 may bond to each other to form a spiro ring or a crosslinked structure, or two R1 may bond to each other to form a saturated fused heterocycle together with carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms that constitute a ring that includes Y. p is 0, 1, or 2. Or, (R1)p is an oxo.], a salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof.
Presepsin, which is used as a biomarker for sepsis, is thought to be removed by dialysis, but the actual removal properties of dialysis are unknown. We investigated the presepsin removal properties of continuous hemodiafiltration using the high concentration of presepsin from human plasma drained by plasma exchange. Each solution in plasma exchange was connected to a continuous hemodiafiltration blood circuit and circulated at 4 conditions. The results show that presepsin was confirmed to be removed more efficiently in hemofiltration than in hemodialysis. In addition, when using a polymethylmethacrylate hemofilter for continuous hemodiafiltration, the lowest presepsin concentration is on the filtrate side, suggesting that the main removal mechanism is adsorption. Since presepsin has a molecular weight of 13,000, its removal efficiency is high by hemofiltration as per principle. In addition, since the main adsorption principle of polymethylmethacrylate hemofilter is hydrophobic bond, presepsin is considered to be adsorbed. Since presepsin is metabolized in the kidney, it is elevated in renal failure. In this paper, we confirmed that presepsin is eliminated by continuous hemodiafiltration not only in the kidney. Depending on the timing of presepsin measurement, there is a risk of missing the diagnosis of sepsis. Kidney function and continuous hemodiafiltration should be checked when measuring presepsin.
Patients were sedated with propofol and external cardioversion was performed in anteroposterior position (right sternal body at the third intercostal space-angle of the left scapula). Patients were submitted to a biphasic wave-form sequential shock of 100-150-200 J, if necessary.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) participants will receive GS-0189 in combination with rituximab 375 mg/m\^2. The GS-0189 dose will be determined based on the totality of safety, PK, and PD data from the preceding cohorts.
This is a randomized (patients will be assigned to treatment by chance), double-blind (study personnel and patients will not know what treatments are being given), multicenter study. The expected duration of the study is 68 weeks. This will include 52 weeks of treatment with study agent with dosing every 2 weeks and 16 weeks of safety follow-up after the last dose. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including MTX and SSZ, are not permitted from 4 weeks before the first dosing with study agent until Week 24. The use of DMARDs is discouraged at or any time after Week 24; however, patients who have less than 20% improvement from baseline in both swollen and tender joint counts at Week 24 will be allowed to take DMARDs. At or any time after Week 16, the initiation and/or adjustment of oral corticosteroids will be allowed for patients who have less than 20% improvement from baseline in both swollen and tender joint counts at Week 16.
Participants who are randomized to receive DS-1040b as a single, continuous intravenous infusion (initial loading dose 3-6 mg). All participants will also receive standard of care anticoagulation enoxaparin therapy during the study drug infusion.
The proposed pilot study seeks to explore modulation of attentional bias and tobacco craving in PLWHA with one session of adequately dosed theta burst stimulation (TBS). Results of this trial will spur clinical research to further investigate the use of TBS as an adjunctive smoking cessation aid for PLWHA and could have broad implications for smoking cessation programs. Data obtained from this pilot study will also facilitate resubmission of a grant application examining adjunctive theta burst stimulation (TBS) combined with varenicline for smoking cessation in PLWHA. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) smoke at nearly three times the rate of the general population. These extraordinary smoking rates are associated with greater AIDS-related morbidity, non-AIDS related morbidity including non-AIDS-defining cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and mortality. Smoking significantly impacts the progression and outcome of HIV disease and has been identified as the leading contributor to premature mortality in PLWHA. One study estimated PLWHA lose more years from smoking than from HIV infection. In our view, shared by others in the field, the single greatest health behavior change that could improve mortality is to assist smokers living with HIV/AIDS to quit smoking.
Social phobia afflicts between 3%-15% of the US population. As such, it is a particularly common debilitating psychiatric disorder. Like many anxiety disorders, social phobia typically arises during adolescence. Treatment has consisted of medication or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) represent the first-line pharmacological treatment both in adults as well as adolescents (APA Treatment Guidelines 2004). Similarly, CBT significantly improves outcome in both age groups. This treatment consists of psychoeducation, exposure therapy, and cognitive restructuring. While both treatments produce clinically meaningful benefits, most patients exhibiting positive responses to these treatments continue to exhibit marked residual symptoms, if not full-blown anxiety disorders. Thus, there is great need for treatment advances.

Intense fear of social scrutiny represents a core component of social phobia, and extinction of this fear represents the goal of exposure therapy during CBT (Cohn and Hope). Finding treatments that facilitate extinction is of paramount importance. In animals, extinction involves an active learning process that is blocked by glutamatergic NMDA antagonists and facilitated by NMDA agonists. Specifically, administration of D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the glycine modulatory site on the NMDA receptor, produces a dose-dependent facilitation of extinction in the rat. As such, DCS might facilitate extinction during exposure-based CBT. Indeed, Ressler (Ressler et al 2004) recently reported preliminary data from a clinical trial supporting this hypothesis.

We will examine the degree to which DCS treatment can augment the clinical response in social phobia to CBT-exposure-based therapy. Specifically, we will study two groups of individuals with social phobia, both of whom will receive CBT. One group will receive placebo; a second group will receive 50 mg of D-cycloserine 1-2 hours before each exposure therapy session. We hypothesize that compared to placebo, DCS will produce greater reductions in social anxiety symptoms following CBT treatment. Finally, given that chronic social anxiety disorder virtually always begins during childhood, it is particularly vital to develop early interventions for the disorder. Accordingly, our trial will examine both adolescents and adults with the disorder.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection poses a significant health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where limited healthcare access and awareness hinder vaccine accessibility. To identify alternative HPV targeting interventions, we previously reported on surfactant protein A (SP-A) as a novel molecule capable of recognising HPV16 pseudovirions (HPV16-PsVs) and reducing infection in a murine cervicovaginal HPV challenge model. Building on these findings, our current study aimed to assess SP-A's suitability as a broad-spectrum HPV-targeting molecule and its impact on innate immune responses. We demonstrate SP-A's ability to agglutinate and opsonise multiple oncogenic HPV-PsVs types, enhancing their uptake and clearance by RAW264.7 murine macrophages and THP-1 human-derived immune cells. The SP-A opsonisation of HPV not only led to increased lysosomal accumulation in macrophages and HaCaT keratinocytes but also resulted in a decreased infection of HaCaT cells, which was further decreased when co-cultured with innate immune cells. An analysis of human innate immune cell cytokine profiles revealed a significant inflammatory response upon SP-A exposure, potentially contributing to the overall inhibition of HPV infection. These results highlight the multi-layered impact of SP-A on HPV, innate immune cells and keratinocytes and lay the basis for the development of alternative prophylactic interventions against diverse HPV types.
A mixed micellar pharmaceutical formulation includes a micellar proteinic pharmaceutical agent, an alkali metal C8 to C22 alkyl sulfate, alkali metal salicylate, a pharmaceutically acceptable edetate and at least one absorption enhancing compounds. The absorption enhancing compounds are selected from the group consisting of lecithin, hyaluronic acid, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of hyaluronic acid, octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, glycolic acid, lactic acid, chamomile extract, cucumber extract, oleic acid, linolenic acid, borage oil, evening primrose oil, trihydroxy oxo cholanylglycine, glycerin, polyglycerin, lysine, polylysine, triolein and mixtures thereof. Each absorption enhancing compound is present in a concentration of from 1 to 10 wt./wt. % of the total formulation, and the total concentration of absorption enhancing compounds are less than 50 wt./wt. % of the formulation. Methods for administering insulin to the buccal region are also disclosed.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to understand how transplant infectious disease (TID) physicians assess a potential donor with known or suspected infection and describe posttransplant management.
METHODS: We designed a survey of 10 organ offer scenarios and asked questions pertaining to organ acceptability for transplantation and management posttransplant. The survey was distributed to TID clinicians via transplant society listservs and email. Responses were recorded in REDCap, and descriptive statistics were employed.
RESULTS: One hundred thirteen infectious disease physicians responded to the survey, of whom 85 completed all cases. Respondents were generally in agreement regarding organ acceptability, although some divergence was seen when evaluating lungs from donors with influenza, tuberculosis, or multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infection. Posttransplant management showed more variation. Areas of optimization were identified: (1) Further understanding of where risk-mitigation strategies within the donor offer process may improve donor acceptability and therefore organ utilization; (2) importance of recipient considerations in assessing degree of infectious risk; and (3) gaps in evidenced-based data regarding optimal posttransplant management of recipients.
CONCLUSION: Evaluation of donor offers by TID clinicians is a complex process. Although the survey does not itself serve to make recommendations regarding best practices, it highlights areas where generation of data to inform acceptance and management practices may allow for improved organ utilization and recipient management.
Obesity is a major public health concern that greatly increases risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Importantly, obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction and elevated sympathetic tone, vascular and autonomic derangements known to elevate blood pressure and increase cardiovascular risk. The renin-angiotensin system may explain cardiovascular complications in obesity. Angiotensin-(1-7) is a beneficial hormone that is reduced in obesity and restoration of this hormone improves endothelial function and reduces sympathetic activity in animal models, which may contribute to its blood pressure-lowering effects. The investigators will test the hypothesis that angiotensin-(1-7) improves cardiovascular function in humans with obesity hypertension. This hypothesis will be tested in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. The investigators will measure the effects of acute intravenous angiotensin-(1-7) infusion on endothelial-mediated vasodilation in the brachial and coronary arteries and on blood pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity with direct microneurography recordings in obese hypertensive humans.
BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is associated with falls, fractures, postoperative complications such as periprosthetic joint infections and dislocations, and early mortality. Although cross-sectional imaging is currently used to diagnose sarcopenia, inexpensive and widely available screening tests are needed. The goal of this study was to investigate whether measurements of thigh muscles made on radiographs can predict psoas muscle area and the presence of sarcopenia as determined on computed tomography (CT) scans.
METHODS: A retrospective radiographic review was performed to measure thigh muscle area in the coronal and sagittal planes using the differential in soft-tissue attenuation. Psoas muscle area on CT at L3 and L4 served as the gold standard for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. The correlation between thigh muscle and psoas muscle areas was determined, and multivariable models were developed to identify predictors of psoas muscle area and sarcopenia.
RESULTS: Four hundred and fourteen patients (252 male, 162 female) were identified. Seventy-six (18.4%) of the patients had an L4 psoas muscle area below the sex-specific cutoff value for sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia on abdominal CT had significantly smaller thigh muscle measurements on all radiographic views. The mean and standard deviation of the thigh muscle measurements were determined for the entire cohort and for patients with sarcopenia, as well as for adults aged 18 to 40 years without sarcopenia to provide normative reference values. The intraclass correlation coefficients were >0.8 for all radiographic measurements. The anteroposterior-view measurement of thigh muscle width and lateral-view measurement of quadriceps height were identified as independent predictors of both psoas muscle area and sarcopenia.
CONCLUSIONS: Measurements of thigh muscle size made on radiographs can predict both psoas muscle area and sarcopenia. These measurements are a reliable and readily available screening tool to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia in the orthopaedic population.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The 3-month muscle stretching/strengthening intervention program (also referred to as the "physical conditioning" program) has been designed by the study physical therapist consultants. Similar to postures in the yoga intervention program, the exercises in the stretching/strengthening program have been selected for their potential to be performed safely by women across a range of ages and flexibility levels.
A menthol solution is going to be formulated by crushing and dissolving one noncalorific menthol candy drop (15 mg) in 150 ml of warm water, in order to obtain a solution with a concentration of 0.01%. Prior to use, solutions are going to be aliquoted for mouth rinse and warmed at room temperature. Then, it will be served to each participant on individual bottles in a total dose of 75 ml before exercise and 75 ml during exercise.
Fungal diseases form perforated disease spots in tobacco plants, resulting in a decline in tobacco yield and quality. The present study investigated the antagonistic effect of Bacillus subtilis CTXW 7-6-2 against Rhizoctonia solani, its ability to promote the growth of tobacco seedlings, and the expression of disease resistance-related genes for efficient and eco-friendly plant disease control. Our results showed that CTXW 7-6-2 had the most vigorous growth after being cultured for 96 h, and its rate of inhibition of R. solani growth in vitro was 94.02%. The volatile compounds produced by CTXW 7-6-2 inhibited the growth of R. solani significantly (by 96.62%). The fungal growthinhibition rate of the B. subtilis CTXW 7-6-2 broth obtained after high-temperature and no-high-temperature sterile fermentation was low, at 50.88% and 54.63%, respectively. The lipopeptides extracted from the B. subtilis CTXW 7-6-2 fermentation broth showed a 74.88% fungal growth inhibition rate at a concentration of 100 mg/l. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed some organelle structural abnormalities, collapse, shrinkage, blurring, and dissolution in the R. solani mycelia. In addition, CTXW 7-6-2 increased tobacco seedling growth and improved leaf and root weight compared to the control. After CTXW 7-6-2 inoculation, tobacco leaves showed the upregulation of the PDF1.2, PPO, and PAL genes, which are closely related to target spot disease resistance. In conclusion, B. subtilis CTXW 7-6-2 may be an efficient biological control agent in tobacco agriculture and enhance plant growth potential.
PURPOSE: An anti-obesity composition containing Zea mays Linne silk extract and Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. extract is provided to suppress glucose increase and adipocyte size increase. CONSTITUTION: An anti-obesity composition contains 21.4 wt% of Zea mays Linne silk extract, 8.8-16.8 wt% of Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. extract, 12.3-23 wt% of Capsicum annuum L. extract, and 27.1-51.2 wt% of Phaseolus radiatus L. var. aurea Prain. Extract as an active ingredient. A method for preparing the extract comprises: a step of adding 7.5-13.9 weight parts of distilled water to each 1 weight parts of the ingredients; a step of performing shaking incubation at 55-65°C for 20-28 hours; and a step of centrifuging.
The active is administered orally to the mammal substantially daily, which ultimately increases the blood concentration of the active in the mammal to an amount effective to control flea and/or tick infestations in the mammal. Oral administration is then discontinued for a period of at least 1 day, but the blood concentration of the active agent in the mammal remains high enough to control flea and/or tick infestations. The period of time may be more than three days or more than seven days. After the period of time has elapsed, administration of the substantially daily dose may resume to continue to maintain the blood concentration of the active substance in the mammal in an amount effective to control flea and/or tick infestations. The interruption of the oral administration may occur several times during a month or more. Also disclosed is a method of establishing a regimen for administering an active substance for controlling flea and/or tick infestations in a mammal using a dose that is reduced relative to a labeled dose for a corresponding period of time.
Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of medical devices (lasers and LED devices) with unique phototherapy properties that emit radiation in the infrared wavelengths, allowing patients to benefit from the effects of phototherapy treatment in a more convenient way. Preclinical studies demonstrated the positive effects of infrared radiation exposure on the skin including, increased collagen synthesis and expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). Other studies suggested possible antimicrobial effects from infrared radiation, with decreased colonization of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae on the skin after exposure. Compared to other fabric technology, such as Far-Infrared (FIR) fabric technology that reflects body heat, fabric made from Lumiton yarn converts external light in the UV and visible spectrum and emits light in the red and near-infrared spectrum for the body. Lumiton yarn absorbs energy from 350 nm to 600 nm (the light spectrum from UV to visible red light) and emit energy from 600 to 1000 nm (red, near-infrared spectrum). The Lumiton yarn contains red/NIR light-emitting dyes. The effectiveness of the technology is proportional to the intensity of the light, with its peak effectiveness under sunlight.