anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: Several pathologies either invade or arise within the orbit. These include meningiomas, schwannomas, and cavernous hemangiomas among others. Although several studies describing various approaches to the orbit are available, no study describes all cranio-orbital and orbitocranial approaches with clear, surgically oriented anatomical descriptions. As such, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive guide to the microsurgical and endoscopic approaches to and through the orbit.
METHODS: Six formalin-fixed, latex-injected cadaveric head specimens were dissected in the surgical anatomy laboratory at the authors' institution. In each specimen, the following approaches were modularly performed: endoscopic transorbital approaches (ETOAs), including a lateral transorbital approach and a superior eyelid crease approach; endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs), including those to the medial orbit and optic canal; and transcranial approaches, including a supraorbital approach, a fronto-orbital approach, and a 3-piece orbito-zygomatic approach. Each pertinent step was 3D photograph-documented with macroscopic and endoscopic techniques as previously described.
RESULTS: Endoscopic endonasal approaches to the orbit afforded excellent access to the medial orbit and medial optic canal. Regarding ETOAs, the lateral transorbital approach afforded excellent access to the floor of the middle fossa and, once the lateral orbital rim was removed, the cavernous sinus could be dissected and the petrous apex drilled. The superior eyelid approach provides excellent access to the anterior cranial fossa just superior to the orbit, as well as the dura of the lesser wing of the sphenoid. Craniotomy-based approaches provided excellent access to the anterior and middle cranial fossa and the cavernous sinus, except the supraorbital approach had limited access to the middle fossa.
CONCLUSIONS: This study outlines the essential surgical steps for major cranio-orbital and orbitocranial approaches. Endoscopic endonasal approaches offer direct medial access, potentially providing bilateral exposure to optic canals. ETOAs serve as both orbital access and as a corridor to surrounding regions. Cranio-orbital approaches follow a lateral-to-medial, superior-to-inferior trajectory, progressively allowing removal of protective bony structures for proportional orbit access.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Voriconazole pharmacokinetics are highly variable in pediatric patients, and the optimal dosage has yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to describe voriconazole pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic targets achieved and evaluate the efficacy and safety of voriconazole for critically ill pediatrics.
METHODS: This is a single-center retrospective study conducted at a pediatric intensive care unit at a tertiary/quaternary hospital. Pediatrics admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit and who received voriconazole for a proven or suspected fungal infection with at least one measured trough concentration were included. The primary outcomes included the percentage of pediatric patients who achieved the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic targets. Secondary outcomes included assessing the correlation between voriconazole trough concentrations and clinical/microbiological outcomes. All statistical analyses were performed using the R statistical software and Microsoft Excel. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the predictors of both clinical and microbiologic cures. Multiple linear regression was used to determine significant factors associated with trough concentrations.
RESULTS: A total of 129 voriconazole trough concentrations were measured from 71 participants at steady state after at least three doses of voriconazole. The mean (± standard deviation) of the first and second trough concentrations were 2.9 (4.2) and 2.3 (3.3) mg/L, respectively. Among the first trough concentrations, only 33.8% were within the therapeutic range (1-5 mg/L), 46.5% were below the therapeutic range, and 19.7% were above the therapeutic range. A clinical cure occurred in 78% of patients, while a microbiologic cure occurred in 80% of patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Voriconazole trough concentrations vary widely in critically ill pediatric patients and only a third of the patients achieved therapeutic concentrations with initial doses.
Objectives. To document the prevalence of long COVID among a sample of survey respondents with long-term disabilities that existed before 2020 and to compare the prevalence among this group with that among the general population. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study using data from the 2022 National Survey on Health and Disability (n = 2262) and comparative data for the general population from the federal Household Pulse Survey (HPS). Results. The prevalence of long COVID was higher among people with preexisting disabilities than in the general population (40.6% vs 18.9%). Conclusions. People with preexisting disabilities experienced and continue to experience increased exposure to COVID-19 and barriers to accessing health care, COVID-19 vaccines, and COVID-19 tests. These barriers, combined with long-standing health disparities in this population, may have contributed to the greater prevalence of long COVID among people with disabilities. Public Health Implications. The needs of people with disabilities must be centered in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(11):1261-1264. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307794).
The VIVE-AT program consists of a six-week, once-a-week, 2-hour group educational intervention guided by the social cognitive model. It is facilitated by primary care and community health workers in a primary healthcare clinic. The intervention aims to teach older Latinos self-management strategies to increase the adoption and use of assistive technology devices that enhance their function in daily activities. VIVE-AT is designed to support behavioral change by providing up to five assistive technology devices to participants, along with information, instruction, demonstration, action planning, and guided practice in using the devices.
PURPOSE:To provide the titled promoting agent giving excellent feeling to the skin and having high safety, by using activated vitamin D3 and its analog as an active component. CONSTITUTION:The objective sebum-secretion promoting agent is produced by sing one or more compounds selected from activated vitamin D3 of formula (1alpha-25-hydroxycholecalciferol) and its analog (e.g. 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, etc.) as active components at an amount of 0.00001-5wt% based on the whole composition. The agent is effective against diseases deteriorated mainly by drying of skin, e.g. chaps, cracks, etc. Since the compound of formula is easily soluble in an alcohol solvent such as ethanol, it is preferable to prepare a concentrated solution and mix the solution with other water-soluble component. The obtained preparation can be used as a drug, quasi-drug, cosmetic, etc.
PURPOSE:To obtain a nonpoisonous dental metallic material having a low m.p. used after mixing and kneading with metallic powder by specifying the composition of a multicomponent alloy consisting of In, Sn and Ga. CONSTITUTION:This dental metallic material used after mixing and kneading with metallic powder is a ternary alloy having <=15 deg.Cm.p. and consisting of 1- 45wt% In, 1-30wt% Sn and the balance Ga. The material shows no poisonous character in reactions in a living body and has a superior wetting property to dentin and other metal. When a tooth is filled with the material, no gap is left in the dentin, and the material is used with high work efficiency because of its low m.p. The corrosion resistance and mechanical characteristics can be improved by adding various metals.
Recently, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurement using the optical coherence tomography (OCT) becomes very useful to detect such a glaucomatous damage. However, there are some difficult cases including parapapillary atrophy to perform this measurement. Because the RNFL thickness is so sensitive to the position of measurement and the measurement of RNFL thickness on parapapillary atrophy is incorrect, it is difficult to determine exact RNFL thickness in patients with a large parapapillary atrophy. In the present study, we want to find the proper method to analyze the RNFL thickness on parapapillary atrophy. The previous OCT used a fixed circle to measure the RNFL thickness, but the new spectral domain OCT, the Cirrus HD OCT, uses a movable one. Therefore, we may suggest a new analysis strategy for the parapapillary atrophy.
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine processing, and relates to a preparation method of wine radix bupleuri decoction pieces. Comprising the following steps: pretreating bupleurum chinense: removing impurities from bupleurum, cleaning, draining, cutting into segments, soaking in absolute ethyl alcohol for 10-30 min, and drying in a drying device. After pretreatment, evenly stirring the bupleurum and the yellow wine according to the mass ratio of 100:10-50, moistening for 0.5-2 hours, and heating in a microwave oven. And (5) naturally cooling after heating, screening out scraps, and drying. The total content of the saikosaponin A and the saikosaponin D in the wine saikosaponin D prepared by the method provided by the invention reaches 7.33mg/g, and compared with the saikosaponin A and the saikosaponin D in the wine saikosaponin wine saikodecoction pieces which are prepared by raw saikosaponin or are not subjected to anhydrous ethanol ultrasonic treatment, the wine saikosaponin A and the saikosaponin D are higher, and the method provided by the invention can effectively promote the dissolution of active ingredients and promote the efficacy. Meanwhile, the method provided by the invention is simple and easy to operate, and uneven quality caused by non-uniform preparation conditions is avoided.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a lipolysis accelerating agent consisting of an extract of Gentiana lutea or Gentiana prostrata, capable of stimulating lipolysis in fat-cell and having excellent weight reducing effect. SOLUTION: A lipolysis accelerating agent consisting of an extract of one or two kinds out of Gentiana lutea and Gentiana prostrata. The objective skin preparation for external use for weight reduction is obtained by compounding the extract preferably with (A) a xanthine derivative (e.g. xanthine), an extract of a plant of genus Lavandula, Labiatae (e.g. Lavandula), an extract of a plant of Foeniculum Umbelliferae (e.g. Foeniculum vulgare), an extract of an alga (e.g. Phaeophyta), an extract of a plant of Rutaceae (e.g. Citrus unshiu of genus Citrus), a β-adrenergic stimulant (e.g. isoproterenol) or the like as active components. The compounding quantity of the plant extract in the skin preparation for external use is preferably 0.01-20.0 wt.% in terms of a dry material, and that of the component A is preferably 0.01-20.0 wt.%.
The present invention relates to a cell culture medium comprising (a) an inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) and (b) an inhibitor of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF, also known as SerpinF1). In one embodiment, the inhibitors are antibodies against BMP-4 and PEDF, respectively. The medium allows to culture keratinocytes under non-differentiating conditions. The invention also relates to corresponding methods and kits. As the media and methods disclosed allow for an improved manufacture of keratinocytes, the invention also relates to the treatment of skin wounds and to the manufacture of corresponding medicaments. This will be of advantage for treatment e.g. of burns, ulcers, etc., in which transplantation of keratinocytes or skin is required.
Participants in this arm will undergo Virtual Reality (VR) facilitated Psychotherapy aimed to alleviate performance anxiety. The sessions will combine cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), exposure therapy and relaxation within VR environments. The program will be provided by a qualified integrative psychotherapist, 2-3 times per week, each lasting 30-60 minutes, over 4 weeks. The programme will be individualized for each participant, based on their anxiety levels and progression, including in-depth experiences to promote performance resilience.
This is a single arm study of patients who have received allogeneic bone marrow transplants performed with a reduced intensity conditioning regimen. In this arm, patients who are candidates to this trial, will receive topical cyclosporine twice a day for 12 months to prevent ocular graft versus host disease.
The Asian American population is the fast-growing racial group during 2000 and 2010. Smoking prevalence among that Vietnamese (43%), Chinese (32%), and Korean (27%) men who spoke limited English are disproportionately higher than that of men of all races combined (17%). Thus, some Asian groups, including Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese, have an unequal burden of tobacco-related diseases. Asian Health Services (AHS) is a federally-qualified health center in Alameda County, California, providing services in English and 12 different Asian languages. The vast majority of the patients are Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean with low income. Because of high smoking rates and associated health impacts on patients and their families, promoting smoking cessation is a health priority for AHS. The Vietnamese Community Health Promotion Project (VCHPP) at UCSF has conducted numerous intervention studies to promote smoking cessation among Asian Americans. Given the shared research interest, AHS and VCHPP have partnered to address smoking in Asian Americans. The partners received a TRDRP pilot Community-Academic Research Award grant to develop an interactive "Mobile Doctor" (iMD) intervention in Korean and Vietnamese languages that delivers video education tailored to patient's responses on a computer tablet during the clinic visit to enhance patient-provider discussion of tobacco use. The primary goal of the proposed study is to evaluate the iMD intervention with an expansion to the Chinese language in its efficacy to promote patient-provider discussion and quitting smoking in Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese male smokers. The study will enroll 150 AHS Chinese-, Korean- or Vietnamese-speaking patients who smoke daily and have a scheduled clinic visit. Participants will then be assigned (by chance) into either receiving 1) iMD on tobacco or 2) video education on nutrition and physical activity recommendations. Participants will be assessed at: before the scheduled intervention visit, immediately after or within one week of the intervention visit, and 6 months following the intervention visit. Additional data will be obtained from EHR. The investigators anticipate that, when compared to participants receiving usual care alone, those who receive the iMD will be more likely to receive physician advice on their tobacco use both at their intervention visit and at one visit following the intervention visit within 6 months as documented in EHR; and at 6 months follow-up, those receiving the iMD will be more likely to report having been able to quit smoking for at least one day during the study period, and to have reported having quit smoking for at least 7 days with their abstinence status verified using a saliva sample. The long-term goal is to understand effective ways to enhance patient-provider communication in tobacco use and to leverage each clinic encounter in promoting smoking cessation among patients in community health settings.
Wound healing, particularly for chronic wounds, presents a considerable difficulty due to differences in biochemical and cellular processes that occur in different types of wounds. Recent technological breakthroughs have notably advanced the understanding of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to wound healing. The evolution in wound care has seen a transition from traditional textile dressings to a variety of advanced alternatives, including self-healing hydrogels, hydrofibers, foams, hydrocolloids, environment responsive dressings, growth factor-based therapy, bioengineered skin substitutes, and stem cell and gene therapy. Technological advancements, such as 3D printing and electronic skin (e-skin) therapy, contribute to the customization of wound healing. Despite these advancements, effectively managing chronic wounds remains challenging. This necessitates the development of treatments that consider performance, risk-benefit balance, and cost-effectiveness. This review discusses innovative strategies for the healing of chronic wounds. Incorporating biomarkers into advanced dressings, coupled with corresponding biosensors and drug delivery formulations, enables the theranostic approach to the treatment of chronic wounds. Furthermore, integrating advanced dressings with power sources and user interfaces like near-field communication, radio frequency identification, and Bluetooth enhances real-time monitoring and on-demand drug delivery. It also provides a thorough evaluation of the advantages, patient compliance, costs, and durability of advanced dressings, emphasizing smart formulations and their preparation methods.
The invention relates to a nano magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent and a preparation method thereof. The contrast agent consists of external aqueous phase and humic acid substance-modified super-paramagnetic ferrite nano crystal dispersed in the external aqueous phase. The super-paramagnetic ferrite nano crystal is synthesized by adopting a chemical co-precipitation method, and the grain diameter is 15 to 30 nanometers. The nano crystal is purified and then dispersed in the external aqueous phase to form the contrast agent for intravenous injection. The contrast agent can be stabilized for over two years. The contrast agent has low toxicity, good biocompatibility, large time window and high saturation magnetization, and the half-life period of the contrast agent in the blood reaches 30 to 60 minutes. The contrast agent is absorbed by netlike endothelial systems in liver and spleen tissues through intravenous injection, and is focused in the liver and spleen tissues so as to shorten the T2 relaxation time. In a T2 image, signals of normal liver and spleen tissues are obviously reduced, and signals of tumor or pathological change tissues have no obvious change, so the contrast agent improves the imaging contrast of the focus and the normal tissue and can be used for early diagnosis of pathological changes such as micro tumor of liver and spleen tissues and the like.
Most cancer-related deaths are due to the spread of tumour cells throughout the body-a process known as metastasis. While in the vasculature, these cells are referred to as circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and can be found as either single cells or clusters of cells (often including platelets), with the latter having the highest metastatic potential. However, the biology of CTC clusters is poorly understood, and there are no therapies that specifically target them. We previously developed an in vitro model system for CTC clusters and proposed a new extravasation model that involves cluster dissociation, adherence, and single-cell invasion in response to TGF-β1 released by platelets. Here, we investigated TGF-β1-induced gene expression changes in this model, focusing on genes for which targeted drugs are available. In addition to the upregulation of the TGF-β1 signalling pathway, we found that (i) genes in the EGF/EGFR pathway, including those coding for EGFR and several EGFR ligands, were also induced, and (ii) Erlotinib and Osimertinib, two therapeutic EGFR/tyrosine kinase inhibitors, decreased the TGF-β1-induced adherence and invasion of the CTC cluster-like line despite the line expressing wild-type EGFR. Overall, we suggest that EGFR inhibitors have the potential to decrease the dispersal of CTC clusters that respond to TGF-β1 and overexpress EGFR (irrespective of its status) and thus could improve patient survival.
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder where pathophysiological changes begin decades before the onset of clinical symptoms. Analysis of brain atrophy patterns using structural MRI and multivariate data analysis are an effective tool in identifying patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) at higher risk of progression to AD dementia. Atrophy patterns obtained from models trained to classify advanced AD versus normal subjects, may not be optimal for subjects at an early stage, like SCD. In this study, we compared the accuracy of the SCD progression prediction using the 'severity index' generated using a standard classification model trained on patients with AD dementia versus a new model trained on β-amyloid (Aβ) positive patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).
METHODS: We used structural MRI data of 504 patients from the Swedish BioFINDER-1 study cohort (cognitively normal (CN), Aβ-negative = 220; SCD, Aβ positive and negative = 139; aMCI, Aβ-positive = 106; AD dementia = 39). We applied multivariate data analysis to create two predictive models trained to discriminate CN individuals from either individuals with Aβ positive aMCI or AD dementia. Models were applied to individuals with SCD to classify their atrophy patterns as either high-risk "disease-like" or low-risk "CN-like". Clinical trajectory and model accuracy were evaluated using 8 years of longitudinal data.
RESULTS: In predicting progression from SCD to MCI or dementia, the standard, dementia-based model, reached 100% specificity but only 10.6% sensitivity, while the new, aMCI-based model, reached 72.3% sensitivity and 60.9% specificity. The aMCI-based model was superior in predicting progression from SCD to MCI or dementia, reaching a higher receiver operating characteristic area under curve (AUC = 0.72; P = 0.037) in comparison with the dementia-based model (AUC = 0.57).
CONCLUSION: When predicting conversion from SCD to MCI or dementia using structural MRI data, prediction models based on individuals with milder levels of atrophy (i.e. aMCI) may offer superior clinical value compared to standard dementia-based models.