anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Treatment with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) can result in elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Assess blood pressure before initiating treatment with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR), and monitor periodically during treatment. The risk of hypertension is increased if bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) are used concomitantly with MAOIs or other drugs that increase dopaminergic or noradrenergic activity [see Contraindications (4)]. 

Data from a comparative trial of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR), NTS, the combination of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) plus NTS, and placebo as an aid to smoking cessation suggest a higher incidence of treatment-emergent hypertension in patients treated with the combination of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) and NTS. In this trial, 6.1% of subjects treated with the combination of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) and NTS had treatment-emergent hypertension compared with 2.5%, 1.6%, and 3.1% of subjects treated with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR), NTS, and placebo, respectively. The majority of these subjects had evidence of pre-existing hypertension. Three subjects (1.2%) treated with the combination of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) and NTS and 1 subject (0.4%) treated with NTS had study medication discontinued due to hypertension compared with none of the subjects treated with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) or placebo. Monitoring of blood pressure is recommended in patients who receive the combination of bupropion and nicotine replacement.

In a clinical trial of bupropion immediate-release in MDD subjects with stable congestive heart failure (N = 36), bupropion was associated with an exacerbation of pre-existing hypertension in 2 subjects, leading to discontinuation of bupropion treatment. There are no controlled trials assessing the safety of bupropion in patients with a recent history of myocardial infarction or unstable cardiac disease.
PURPOSE: A pharmaceutical or food composition containing ginsenoside Re is provided to activate AMPK in liver cells and to prevent or treat fatty liver. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating fatty liver contains 1-50 wt% of ginsenoside Re as an active ingredient. The fatty liver is non-alcoholic fatty liver. A food composition for preventing or treating fatty liver contains 1-50 wt% of ginsenoside Re as an active ingredient. Ginsenoside Re is isolated from ginseng or red ginseng by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The ginseng includes Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Panax quinquefolium, Panax notoginseng, [Panax japonicum, Panax trifolium, or Panax pseudoginseng.
MM-398 120 mg/m2 Q3W IV. Note: The published dose of ONIVYDE was expressed as the irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate until October 2015. It is now expressed as the irinotecan free base. Converting a dose based on irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate to a dose based on irinotecan free base is accomplished by substituting the Molecular Weight of irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate (677.19 g/mole) with the Molecular Weight of irinotecan free base (586.68 g/mole), which results in a conversion factor of 0.866. 120 mg/m2 dose of irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate is equivalent to 100 mg/ m2 of irinotecan free base.
Patients will receive 4 cycles of ex-vivo expanded allogeneic γδ T cells treatments, at three-weeks' intervals. Ex-vivo expanded γδ T cells are transfused to patients in a typical 3+3 dose-escalation design (Dose escalation, 1×10\^8/kg, 2×10\^8/kg,4×10\^8/kg).
The invention relates to improved methods and systems for computationally efficient optimization of radiation dose delivery. The optimization involves determining an improved form of objective function to be used for mapping radiotherapy beams to a patient body volume having at least one target volume and at least one non-target volume. The objective function has a first term related to the at least one target volume and a second term related to the at least one non-target volume. The optimization further involves determining a minimum of the objective function, whereby beams mapped so as to pass through the at least one non-target volume are limited such that the second term is zero only if the weights of beamlets passing through the at least one non-target volume are zero. This limit helps to avoid the occurrence of negative beam weights, thereby facilitating computationally efficient determination of the minimum of the objective function using matrix inversion. Following the optimization, radiotherapy is delivered based on the determined minimum of the objective function.
Choline-derived phosphatidylcholine has diverse functions including being necessary for packaging and exporting triglycerides from the liver. Choline deficiency induces fatty liver, which occurs very commonly in overweight and obesity, emphasizing the importance of choline in lipid metabolism. Studies suggest the role of gut microbiota and host genetics in influencing choline availability, which gut microbes can convert choline to trimethylamine, and hepatically oxidized by flavin monooxygenase 3 to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a recently emerged marker of disease. We have recently shown that phosphatidylcholine (the major form of choline in food) leads to higher plasma concentrations of choline without raising TMAO compared to no choline control, which metabolic heterogeneity in TMAO response that appears to be a function of individual gut microbiota composition. However, the effect of phosphatidylcholine on parameters of liver health and function in the context of obesity has not been examined. This study will leverage a whole-food approach using eggs, which are enriched in phosphatidylcholine, as a modulator of metabolic health with a focus on interindividual variation in response.

The study objectives are: 1) determine the effect of additional daily intake of eggs on metabolic outcomes (liver density and enzymes, circulating lipids and glucose levels, body mass index and adiposity); 2) assess the effects of additional daily intake of eggs on levels of choline and downstream metabolites including TMAO; 3) determine the relation between outcome variables in response to additional daily intake of eggs and metabolic modifiers including the gut microbiota composition and genetic polymorphism. To achieve these objectives, Phase I of the larger study will be conducted, which will have multiple "hits" to form the basis of targetable outcomes. Participants will be asked to keep their habitual diet during the 4-week baseline period, followed by 4 weeks of additional daily intake of 3 whole eggs (intervention) then 4 weeks without daily intake of eggs as a washout. Participants will be free-living and will not be supplied with any other food except for the eggs during the intervention period with no restrictions of energy intake. Participants will make clinic visits every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. At their first visit (week 0), before the intervention (week 4), after the intervention (week 8) and after the washout (week 12), participants will arrive overnight-fasted and liver imaging will be performed. Fasting blood will be obtained by a phlebotomist using a standard venipuncture procedure. Anthropometric measures including waist and hip circumferences and BMI will be collected. Participants will also be asked to turn in their fecal sample in a thermos-insulated bag with ice packs. All samples will be de-identified, distributed among storage vials and stored at -80°C until further analyses.
Cholelithiasis is a common digestive disease that drives a myriad of adverse complications. The correlation between sarcopenia and various digestive disorders has been extensively researched, whereas its association with cholelithiasis remains unreported. We aimed to investigate the association through prospective and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses and establish a quantitative score reflecting the impact of sarcopenia-related markers on cholelithiasis. The prospective study involved 448 627 participants from the UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to investigate the correlation between sarcopenia-related markers and cholelithiasis. To quantitatively assess cholelithiasis risk, the SARCHO score was derived from a multivariable Cox model. Bidirectional two-sample MR analysis was conducted to validate the causal association. A total of 16 738 individuals developed cholelithiasis during a median follow-up of 12 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) of cholelithiasis decreased stepwise over skeletal muscle index tertiles (highest tertile: reference; middle tertile: 1.23, p < .001; lowest tertile: 1.33, p < .001). The tertiles of grip strength showed a similar pattern. Individuals with slow walking pace had a higher risk of cholelithiasis compared to those with normal walking pace (HR 1.23; p < .001). Our SARCHO score better quantifies the risk of cholelithiasis. MR analysis showed a causal relationship between muscle mass and cholelithiasis (OR 0.81; p < .001). No causal effect of cholelithiasis on lean mass was observed. Prospective and MR analyses have consistently demonstrated an increased risk of cholelithiasis in individuals with decreased muscle mass. Additionally, SARCHO score further quantified the cholelithiasis occurrence risk. These findings provide compelling evidence for muscle strengthening in preventing cholelithiasis.
INTRODUCTION: The histological transformation (HT) of follicular lymphoma (FL) is a crucial biological event. The study aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinicial characteristics, prognosis and impact of HT time on survival of FL transforming to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in population-based large-scale cohorts.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of FL with HT was performed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The Hematological Malignancy Research Network FL cohort and Aristotle study FL cohort were used to assess the external validity.
RESULTS: Among 44,127 FL cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 1311 cases were pathology-proven recorded to transform to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The cumulative rates of HT at 5, 10, and 15 years after FL diagnosis were estimated to be 1.19%, 2.93%, and 5.01%, respectively. Significantly worse overall survival and cancer-specific survival were exhibited in patients with HT than those without HT. Early HT (transformation of FL within 48 months after FL diagnosis [TOD48]) was an independent predictor for adverse overall survival of HT patients, regardless of treatment modalities before transformation. The adverse prognostic effect of TOD48 was validated in the Hematological Malignancy Research Network cohort and Aristotle study cohort. Older age (>75 years) and B symptoms within FL at diagnosis were the independent risk factors of TOD48. Furthermore, a novel prognostic model combining TOD48 with Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (TOD48-FLIPI) was constructed and validated for risk stratification.
CONCLUSION: TOD48 was a risk indicator of HT, and the novel prognostic model "TOD48-FLIPI" for HT patients was proposed.
PURPOSE: A drug delivery system containing biodegradable magnesium alloy and therapeutic drugs is provided to uniformly and continuously release drug. CONSTITUTION: A biodegradable drug delivery system contains biodegradable magnesium alloy and therapeutic drugs. The biodegradable magnesium alloy is denoted by chemical formula 1(Mg-A). The biodegradable magnesium alloy contains magnesium, manganese, or mixture of iron and nickel. The biodegradable drug delivery system is used by oral administration or parenteral administration. The delivery system for oral administration is used in the form of tablet, capsule, granule, or pill.
This disclosure relates to compositions suitable for a variety of treatments, including ameliorating the undesirable side effects associated with compounds such as lipase inhibitors (e.g., anal leakage of undigested fat or oil). In particular, one embodiment of the present invention relates to compositions that are suitable for administration to an animal for the purpose of stiffening one or more lipophilic substances present in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal. The stiffening agents have a complete melting point of about 33 oC or greater. Various kits comprising the compositions are also described herein. Also disclosed are methods of stiffening lipophilic substances present in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal are provided, wherein the methods comprise administering a composition comprising a safe and effective amount of a stiffening agent to the animal, wherein the stiffening agent is described herein and has a complete melting point of about 33 oC or greater. The methods also include those selected from treating gastrointestinal distress, treating fecal urgency, treating obesity, treating hyperlipidemia, treating diarrhea, inhibiting anal leakage, reducing levels of toxic substances, reducing blood cholesterol levels, inducing satiety, effecting weight loss, effecting weight control, treating Type II Diabetes, delaying onset of Type II Diabetes, preventing Type II Diabetes, and combinations thereof, the methods comprising administering a composition comprising a safe and effective amount of the stiffening agent to the animal, as well as a safe and effective amount of a lipase inhibitor.
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) exerts a protective role on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by the release of various humoral factors. Lactate is a common metabolite in ischemic tissues. Nevertheless, little is known about the role lactate plays in myocardial I/R injury and its underlying mechanism. This investigation revealed that RIPC elevated the level of lactate in blood and myocardium. Furthermore, AZD3965, a selective monocarboxylate transporter 1 inhibitor, and 2-deoxy-d-glucose, a glycolysis inhibitor, mitigated the effects of RIPC-induced elevated lactate in the myocardium and prevented RIPC against myocardial I/R injury. In an in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation model, lactate markedly mitigated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cell damage in H9c2 cells. Further studies suggested that lactate contributed to RIPC, rescuing I/R-induced autophagy deficiency by promoting transcription factor EB (TFEB) translocation to the nucleus through activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway without influencing the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway, thus reducing cardiomyocyte damage. Interestingly, lactate up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of connexin 43 (CX43) by facilitating the binding of TFEB to CX43 promoter in the myocardium. Functionally, silencing of TFEB attenuated the protective effect of lactate on cell damage, which was reversed by overexpression of CX43. Further mechanistic studies suggested that lactate facilitated CX43-regulated autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signaling pathway. Collectively, this research demonstrates that RIPC protects against myocardial I/R injury through lactate-mediated myocardial autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB-CX43 axis.
Stress hyperglycemia is common in the perioperative period and is associated with increased risk of death postoperatively. Counterregulatory hormones and inflammatory mediators appear to modulate the acute biological response to stress, however, the pathophysiological pathways that result in stress hyperglycemia and its link to poor clinical outcomes are not well understood. At least half of non-diabetes mellitus (DM) patients undergoing cardiac surgery develop stress hyperglycemia shown to be an independent risk factor of morbidity and mortality. The current approach to treat hyperglycemia with insulin has major limitations including high resource utilization and high risk of hypoglycemia. The main goals of this study are to examine baseline and postoperative metabolic profiles of non-diabetic, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients with stress hyperglycemia and to study the effect of a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) on the prevention of stress-hyperglycemia and modulation of metabolic stress during cardiac surgery.

To examine whether exposure to dulaglutide, a GLP-1 RA, can improve glycemic control and ameliorate the inflammatory response to acute surgical stress, obese patients without diabetes mellitus undergoing CABG surgery will be randomized to receive either dulaglutide or placebo two to three days prior to surgery. The researchers of this study ultimately want to provide evidence to support the use of novel therapies to prevent and manage stress hyperglycemia in the inpatient setting.
The entire intervention is based on systematic and intensive training in MBSR following Santorelli and Kabat-Zinn and their applications to everyday life. The program is divided in 8 consecutive blocks with daily homework in mindfulness-based stress reduction skills. The main activity of MBSR is a cognitive and intervention-based process characterized by self-regulation of attention to the present moment and an open and accepting orientation towards one's experience.
The β-catenin-dependent canonical Wnt signaling is pivotal in organ development, tissue homeostasis, and cancer. Here, we identified an upstream enhancer of Ctnnb1 - the coding gene for β-catenin, named ieCtnnb1 (intestinal enhancer of Ctnnb1), which is crucial for intestinal homeostasis. ieCtnnb1 is predominantly active in the base of small intestinal crypts and throughout the epithelia of large intestine. Knockout of ieCtnnb1 led to a reduction in Ctnnb1 transcription, compromising the canonical Wnt signaling in intestinal crypts. Single-cell sequencing revealed that ieCtnnb1 knockout altered epithelial compositions and potentially compromised functions of small intestinal crypts. While deletion of ieCtnnb1 hampered epithelial turnovers in physiologic conditions, it prevented occurrence and progression of Wnt/β-catenin-driven colorectal cancers. Human ieCTNNB1 drove reporter gene expression in a pattern highly similar to mouse ieCtnnb1. ieCTNNB1 contains a single-nucleotide polymorphism associated with CTNNB1 expression levels in human gastrointestinal epithelia. The enhancer activity of ieCTNNB1 in colorectal cancer tissues was stronger than that in adjacent normal tissues. HNF4α and phosphorylated CREB1 were identified as key trans-factors binding to ieCTNNB1 and regulating CTNNB1 transcription. Together, these findings unveil an enhancer-dependent mechanism controlling the dosage of Wnt signaling and homeostasis in intestinal epithelia.
PURPOSE: Pilot studies suggest that waiting 15 minutes after a subcutaneous tranexamic acid injection is associated with decreased intraoperative bleeding and postoperative ecchymosis in eyelid surgery. The outcomes of commencing eyelid surgery immediately after injection without a waiting period remain unexplored.
METHODS: This prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-masked, controlled study examined bilateral symmetric upper and/or lower lid blepharoplasty or ptosis repair. Patients received tranexamic acid in 1 eyelid and control in the contralateral eyelid. The surgeon recorded the side with more intraoperative bleeding. Two masked graders evaluated periocular ecchymosis at postoperative day 0 and postoperative week 1 (POW 1) with a 5-point scale. At POW 1, patients reported subjective grading of bruising as increased on 1 side or similar on both sides. Results were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank and sign tests.
RESULTS: Of 130 patients, there was less eyelid ecchymosis on the tranexamic side at postoperative day 0 ( p = 0.001) and POW 1 ( p < 0.001). By surgery type, the 69 levator advancement surgeries had significantly less ecchymosis at postoperative day 0 ( p < 0.001) and POW 1 ( p = 0.001), while upper eyelid blepharoplasty, combined upper and lower lid blepharoplasty, and conjunctivomullerectomy trended toward significance. Of 68 patients reporting a POW 1 grading, 69% reported less bruising on the tranexamic side ( p < 0.001). Intraoperative bleeding was not significantly different between sides ( p = 0.930).
CONCLUSIONS: Without a postinjection waiting period, subcutaneous tranexamic acid for eyelid surgery significantly decreased postoperative ecchymosis on postoperative day 0 and POW 1 but did not affect intraoperative bleeding. Subcutaneous tranexamic acid was not associated with any complications.
In the treatment of pneumonia, azithromycin has only been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilusinfluenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy. Azithromycin should not be used in patients with pneumonia who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of thefollowing: patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with nosocomially acquired infections, patients with known or suspected bacteremia, patients requiring hospitalization, elderly or debilitated patients, or patients with significant underlying health problems that may compromise their ability to respond totheir illness (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia).

Clostridium Difficile-associated Diarrhea

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including azithromycin, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile. 

C. difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibiotic use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents. 

If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibiotic use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibiotic treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.
A 150 g portion of Gentian Pudding with the addition of 1 g Gentian extract per 100 g pudding. The Gentian extract pudding will be consumed in the intervention Satiety of puddings.