anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Neuropathy of undetermined etiology is a common disease that usually starts at the sixth to seventh decades. It can cause significant pain and disability. Previous studies have demonstrated increased prevalence of abnormal glucose handling, when these patients were tested with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). On the other hand, many of the neuropathy patients suffer from pain and depression and obesity; and abnormal OGTT in these patients may be the result of these factors. We assume that if abnormal handling of blood sugar is the cause of neuropathy, these patients may have evidence of damage to other organs (like eyes and kidneys) as a result of abnormal blood sugar. In a pilot study, we will determine the incidence of subtle damage to kidneys, eyes and also look for other factors associated with abnormal glucose handling in patients with neuropathy and abnormal OGTT and compare it to age matched controls with normal OGTT.
One major problem in diagnosis methods presently available for anthrax is that these methods require several days to produce a result. The only existing treatment for anthrax requires administration soon after infection at a time when patients are exhibiting only mild flu-like symptoms. Thus, a patient may be days beyond the time when treatment would be effective by the time a diagnosis is made. The present invention reduces diagnosis time to as little as four hours providing same day identification of anthrax radically increasing the odds of delivering proper treatment and patient recovery. The rapid identification of anthrax lethal factor activity exhibited by the instant invention is also amenable to in vivo screening protocols for the discovery and development of anthrax vaccines and lethal factor inhibitors. The instant invention isolates and concentrates lethal factor and lethal toxin from nearly any biological sample. By capitalizing on the endopeptidase activity of lethal factor the present invention amplifies output signals producing reliable detection of picomolar concentrations of lethal factor. The instant invention involves novel purification and detection techniques and substrates for rapid, reproducible, and quantitative measurements of anthrax lethal factor in biological samples.
Participants in control group will receive an exercise program consisted of upper and lower range of motion exercises.The exercises will be started as 8-10 repetitions and 1 set and the number of sets will be increased according to the progression of the patient. Exercises will be applied for 8 weeks, 2 days a week, each session will last for 30 minutes.
This will be a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group evaluation of OC000459 given orally for eight days. Four dose levels will be studied and compared to placebo. They will be studied in treatment groups of 18 to 21 subjects. The placebo group will also consist of 18 to 21 subjects. There will be a screening period of up to six weeks. There will be a follow up one to three weeks after the last dose of study drug.
The invention provides a medicinal composition. The medicinal composition comprises the raw materials of pyrola, asarum, parsnip, Szechuan lovage rhizome and dahurian angelica root. Based on the 100 weight portions of pyrola, the content of the asarum is 20 to 500 portions, the parsnip accounts for 20 to 500 portions, the Szechuan lovage rhizome accounts for 20 to 500 portions, and the dahurian angelica root accounts for 20 to 500 portions. The invention also provides application of the medicinal composition in preparing a medicament for preventing or treating foot diseases. The invention also provides a shoe pad product. The medicinal composition provided by the invention has a health care effect on human feet, can regulate and strength physiological functions of main and collateral channels of the human body, and correct a yin-yang imbalance state so as to effectively prevent or treat the foot diseases such as foot hyperhidrosis, secretory function decay of foot sweat gland and heel pain.
Myocardial infarction (MI) is closely related to the Wnt signalling pathway, but the role of XAV939 (a Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway blocker) in MI has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of XAV939 in mouse hearts and to provide a new and feasible treatment for improving the prognosis of MI. C57BL/6 (male, 8 weeks old, 20-25 g) mice were selected for our study. The MI model was made by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. On day 28 after the operation, cardiac function was examined by echocardiography. Infarct size, fibrosis, and angiogenesis were individually measured by TTC assays, Masson's trichrome staining, and CD31 analysis, respectively. Apoptosis was examined by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining. The expression of Wnt, β-catenin, caspase 3, Bax, and Bcl-2 was determined by western blotting. XAV939 successfully blocked Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway activation in cardiomyocytes after MI by promoting the degradation of β-catenin. XAV939 suppressed fibrosis and apoptosis, promoted angiogenesis, reduced myocardial infarct size and improved cardiac function after MI. XAV939 can reduce myocardial infarct size and improve cardiac function by blocking the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, which may provide a new strategy for improving the prognosis of MI.
Veterinary compositions contain organo-tin compounds of the kind disclosed in the parent Specification but in different amounts.  In addition, several further examples are given, including compounds wherein the electro-negative groups are phenolates, benzene sulphonates, benzene arsonates.  Other tin compounds are produced by condensing a dialkyl tin sulphide with 2 mols. of the mercaptide of an ester such as butyl acetate according to the probable equation <FORM:0760056/IV(b)/1> or with 1 mol. of an unesterified mercapto acid according to the probable equation <FORM:0760056/IV(b)/2> or, in the case of a dicarboxylic acid, <FORM:0760056/IV(b)/3> or with 2 mols. of an alcohol according to the probable equation <FORM:0760056/IV(b)/4>ALSO:A veterinary composition for the control of protozoan infections and/or in enhancing the meat-producting capacity, &c. of fowl and domesticated animals comprises from 0.002 per cent up to, but not including 0.05 per cent, or from more than 0.2 per cent and not more than 0.5 per cent of a non-toxic tetravalent tin compound of the kind generally disclosed in the parent Specification, and an orally ingestible, non toxic material. Several further examples of the tin compounds are given, including compounds wherein the electronegative groups are phenolates, benzene sulphonates, benzene arsonates.  Other tin compounds are obtained by condensing a dialkyl tin sulphide with 2 mols. of the mercaptide of an ester such as butyl acetate, or with 1 mol. of an unesterified mercapto acid, or with 2 mols. of an alcohol.  The carriers employed are similar to those described in the parent Specification. Emulsifiers, e.g. polyoxyethylene-lauryl-ether or condensation products of a fatty acid with a polyhydric acohol may be present in the admixture.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject improving agent exhibiting no adverse effect in a treatment for a long period of time, and capable of being administered without fear by using a specific peptide structure. SOLUTION: This improving agent is obtained by using a peptide structure: Gly-X-Y (X, Y are each optional amino acid except for glycine). As the above structure, a collagen can be used and as the collagen, it is preferable to use the collagen obtained by removing its telopeptide, and as the collagen type, any of e.g. types I to V and other ointment types (IX to XI) can be used, but types I to III are preferable. As the origin of the collagen, any living thing such as human, cow, pig, chicken, whale, rat, mouse, horse, rabbit, goat, fish, crab, shrimp, silkworm, insect, bacterium, etc., is satisfactory. The daily dose as the collagen is preferably 0.01-1,000 mg, especially preferably 0.1-100 mg.
To identify and prevent perioperative hypothermia, most surgical patients require a non-invasive, accurate, convenient, and continuous core temperature method, especially for patients undergoing major surgery. This study validated the precision and accuracy of a cutaneous zero-heat-flux thermometer and its performance in detecting intraoperative hypothermia. Adults undergoing major non-cardiac surgeries with general anaesthesia were enrolled in the study. Core temperatures were measured with a zero-heat-flux thermometer, infrared tympanic membrane thermometer, and oesophagal monitoring at 15-minute intervals. Taking the average value of temperature measured in the tympanic membrane and oesophagus as a reference, we assessed the agreement using the Bland-Altman analysis and linear regression methods. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of detecting hypothermia were estimated. 103 patients and one thousand sixty-eight sets of paired temperatures were analyzed. The mean difference between zero-heat-flux and the referenced measurements was -0.03 ± 0.25 °C, with 95% limits of agreement (-0.52 °C, 0.47 °C) was narrow, with 94.5% of the differences within 0.5 °C. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was 0.90 (95%CI 0.89-0.92). The zero-heat-flux thermometry detected hypothermia with a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 90%. The zero-heat-flux thermometer is in good agreement with the reference core temperature based on tympanic and oesophagal temperature monitoring in patients undergoing major surgeries, and appears high performance in detecting hypothermia.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can manipulate the host immunity through its effectors to ensure intracellular survival and colonization. Rv1043c has been identified as an effector potentially involved in M. tuberculosis pathogenicity. To explore the function of M. tuberculosis Rv1043c during infection, we overexpressed this protein in M. smegmatis, a non-pathogenic surrogate model in tuberculosis research. Here, we reported that Rv1043c enhanced mycobacterial survival and down-regulated the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and mice. In addition, Rv1043c inhibited the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling by preventing the phosphorylation of TAK1 indirectly. In conclusion, these data suggest that Rv1043c regulates the immune response and enhances the survival of recombinant M. smegmatis in vitro and in vivo.
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex respiratory condition influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Using next-generation sequencing, we aimed to identify dysregulated genes and potential therapeutic targets for COPD.
METHODS: Peripheral blood leukocyte RNA profiles from COPD patients and healthy controls were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Key genes involved in COPD pathogenesis were identified through protein-protein interaction network analysis. In vitro, bronchial epithelial cells treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) were used to study the effects on gene expression, cell viability, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. Additionally, Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) inhibition experiments were conducted to elucidate its role in COPD-related cellular processes.
RESULTS: Analysis of RNA profiles revealed consistent downregulation of 17 genes and upregulation of 21 genes across all COPD groups. Among these, Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide(CAMP), Defensin Alpha 4(DEFA4), Neutrophil Elastase(ELANE), LCN2 and Lactotransferrin(LTF) were identified as potentially important players in COPD pathogenesis. Particularly, LCN2 exhibited a close association with COPD and was found to be involved in cellular processes. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CSE treatment significantly increased LCN2 expression in bronchial epithelial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, CSE-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis were observed, along with alterations in cell viability, Glutathione content, Fe2 + accumulation, ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species and Malondialdehyde levels, Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH) release and Glutathione Peroxidase 4(GPX4) expression. Inhibition of LCN2 expression partially reversed these effects, indicating the pivotal role of LCN2 in COPD-related cellular processes.
CONCLUSION: Our study identified six candidate genes: CAMP, DEFA4, ELANE, LCN2, and LTF were upregulated, HSPA1B was downregulated. Notably, LCN2 emerges as a significant biomarker in COPD pathogenesis, exerting its effects by promoting apoptosis and ferroptosis in bronchial epithelial cells.
Electroacupuncture therapy is done at the point of CV3 Zhongji, CV4 Guanyuan, and EXCA-1 Zigong with continuous wave, 2 Hz frequency for 30 minutes. Acupuncture manuals on MA-IC3 endocrine (ear points), GV20 Baihui, ST36 Zusanli, SP6 Sanyinjiao, BL57 Chengsan and KI3 Taixi for 30 minutes.
Liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) is a major public health problem in parts of East Asia. In Thailand, an estimated 6 million are people infected with OV. Experimental and epidemiological evidence strongly implicate OV infection in the etiology of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Studies have shown 10-20% of OV-infected persons have advanced periportal fibrosis (HBA) that progresses to CCA. OV infection may cause inflammation of the bile ducts that results in DNA damage of the epithelium and subsequent malignant transformation. The primary objective of this study is to determine if in-vitro levels of inflammatory cytokines induced by crude antigen extracts of OV are associated with the hepatobiliary abnormalities known to progress to CCA in OV-infected adults aged 20 to 60 years of age. The secondary objective is to determine if in-vitro levels of inflammatory cytokines induced by crude antigen extracts of OV in adults with hepatobiliary abnormalities change 12 months after treatment with praziquantel and if these changes are associated with persistent advanced fibrosis (grade 2 or 3) as determined by ultrasonography. The primary outcome measure is elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-alpha) induced by OV infection are associated with a 50% greater risk (OR = 1.50) of having advanced fibrosis (grade 2 or 3) as determined by ultrasonography. The secondary outcome measure is elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines 12 months after treatment for OV infection are associated with a 50% greater risk (OR = 1.50) of maintaining the advanced fibrosis that is known to progress to CCA over this time period. District health outposts reporting greater than or equal to 20 percent prevalence of OV infection among adults will be identified, whereupon males and females, 20 to 60 years of age, will be screened for OV infection. Study sites in Thailand will be districts of Ban Pai, Chonnabot, Muncha Khiri and Kok Pochai, regions along the drainage of the Chi River, in the vicinity of the regional capitol, Khon Kaen city. A recruitment ceiling of 20,000 individuals will be established to screen for infection with OV, with 6,000 enrolled in the observational and longitudinal parts of the study. OV-infected individuals will receive an ultrasound examination that will be graded as either HBA positive (advanced fibrosis) or HBA negative (non-advanced fibrosis). Over a 24 month period, 1,116 OV-infected individuals who are HBA positive will be recruited. The first 484 OV-infected individuals with HBA will be age and sex matched with OV-infected individuals from the same region who are HBA negative. Blood samples will be drawn from all volunteers and used in immunological evaluations of OV infection in relation to HBA status. This will constitute the observation stage of the study. The 1,116 OV-infected individuals with HBA will be followed for an additional 12 months, with an ultrasound exam and a blood draw. This will constitute the longitudinal stage of the study. All volunteers will then be treated for OV infection with praziquantel.
BACKGROUND: Laryngeal injury associated with traumatic or prolonged intubation may lead to voice, swallow, and airway complications. The interplay between inflammation and microbial population shifts induced by intubation may relate to clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate laryngeal mechanics, tissue inflammatory response, and local microbiome changes with laryngotracheal injury and localized delivery of therapeutics via drug-eluting endotracheal tube.
METHODS: A simulated traumatic intubation injury was created in Yorkshire crossbreed swine under direct laryngoscopy. Endotracheal tubes electrospun with roxadustat or valacyclovir- loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers were placed in the injured airway for 3, 7, or 14 days (n = 3 per group/time and ETT type). Vocal fold stiffness was then evaluated with normal indentation and laryngeal tissue sections were histologically examined. Immunohistochemistry and inflammatory marker profiling were conducted to evaluate the inflammatory response associated with injury and ETT placement. Additionally, ETT biofilm formation was visualized using scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography, while changes in the airway microbiome were profiled through 16S rRNA sequencing.
RESULTS: Laryngeal tissue with roxadustat ETT placement had increasing localized stiffness outcomes over time and histological assessment indicated minimal epithelial ulceration and fibrosis, while inflammation remained severe across all timepoints. In contrast, vocal fold tissue with valacyclovir ETT placement showed no significant changes in stiffness over time; histological analysis presented a reduction in epithelial ulceration and inflammation scores along with increased fibrosis observed at 14 days. Immunohistochemistry revealed a decline in M1 and M2 macrophage markers over time for both ETT types. Among the cytokines, IL-8 levels differed significantly between the roxadustat and valacyclovir ETT groups, while no other cytokines showed statistically significant differences. Additionally, increased biofilm formation was observed in the coated ETTs with notable alterations in microbiota distinctive to each ETT type and across time.
CONCLUSION: The injured and intubated airway resulted in increased laryngeal stiffness. Local inflammation and the type of therapeutic administered impacted the bacterial composition within the upper respiratory microbiome, which in turn mediated local tissue healing and recovery.
Common mental disorders (CMDs) such as anxiety and depression occur frequently in pregnancy and the postnatal period in lower- and middle income countries (LMICs). Prenatal anxiety, both subthreshold and clinical, adversely affects maternal wellbeing and outcomes among offspring, and is a major predictor of subsequent depression. Preventive approaches have enormous potential to reduce the negative effects of postnatal mental disorders in mothers and improve child outcomes. The study team proposes to create a scalable and sustainable early prevention intervention focusing on anxiety symptoms in pregnant women, to be delivered by non-specialist providers (Aim 1). The investigators will evaluate this preventive intervention through a trial by randomizing 1200 pregnant women from a public hospital in Islamabad Pakistan to either our Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-based (CBT-based) early-in-pregnancy program or to usual care. The investigators will study the effects of the intervention on 1) CMDs in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and at 6 weeks postpartum (Aim 2) and on 2) fetal and newborn small-for-gestational age (SGA) outcomes (Aim 3). The investigators will also examine if interpersonal violence, perceived stress and social support mediate and/or modify the intervention effects on CMDs and perinatal outcomes (Aim 4). Finally, the investigators will conduct a cost-effectiveness evaluation, comparing costs and healthcare utilization for women in the prenatal intervention and enhanced usual care groups (Aim 5). Focusing on anxiety reduction is a major innovation; anxiety has not been addressed within prenatal intervention packages in LMICs, despite its association with increased postpartum depression and suboptimal fetal and infant outcomes. Pakistan has high prevalence of both women with prenatal anxiety (35% to 49%) and SGA newborns (\~47%), providing an ideal research opportunity. The CBT-based approach, appropriate given its indication for anxiety and depression, is grounded in preliminary work in this population, where the investigators have previously successfully reduced postpartum depression. Intervening early in pregnancy is a further innovation that is critical for building the evidence base for preventative approaches to reduce maternal CMDs and related perinatal outcomes. The proposed mediation and effect modification analyses will improve understanding of mechanism(s) of action and help identify subpopulations for programmatic targeting. The use of non-specialized providers and integration within the primary care environment will guide scale up, while incorporating a cost-effectiveness analysis will aid policy-makers in resource allocation decisions. This study will inform the integration of preventive strategies that target anxiety with existing approaches for treatment of perinatal depression to further the evidence-base for transdiagnostic mental health initiatives globally, and will inform policies to support lifelong maternal mental health and resilience across generations
This is a first-in-human, non-randomized, phase I study in which participants with HD will receive three intravenous injections of one of two doses of the investigational product, one every month for three months. Safety evaluation data will be composed by the register of adverse events (including type, frequency, intensity, seriousness, severity, and action taken related to the investigational product), could be include changes in vital signs, physical and medical evaluations, laboratory or serology tests and electrocardiogram (ECG), and by the incidence of benign and malign neoplasms. Preliminary evidence of efficacy will be evaluated by global clinical improvement (CIBIS) and evolution of disease improvement (motor, cognitive and behavioral degradation) through Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale - UHDRS and inflammatory markers: IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 (interleukin IL) e TNF-alpha (tumoral necrosis factor alpha). CNS improvement will be assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fluctuation in suicide tendency grade will be evaluated by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).The immunological response of HD product over the administration period will be evaluated by CD4+ and CD8+ proliferation and inflammatory markers release.

Participants who show evidence of loss of clinical benefit achieved over the course of treatment verified through worsening greater or equal to that expected for the natural course of the disease on motor, cognitive, behavioral and functional capacity symptoms assessed by the UHDRS scale, will receive additional doses of the product as long as there is clinical benefit at the Investigator's discretion and/or until the product is marketed. The same dose used by the subject during the treatment period will be administered throughout the period of additional doses.