anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Medicaments are obtained in a form which is soluble or disintegrates only in the small intestine by first coating or enclosing in an easily digestible water-soluble substance, e.g. starch, gelatine, sugar, flour, &c., then covering or impregnating with a substance which is soluble in alkali but insoluble in acids, e.g. keratin, natural and synthetic gums, organic fatty acids, &c. and finally covering with a comfit mixture composed of a sugar solution and a powdered light-coloured casing material such as barium sulphate, flour or talc to which a small amount of a steeping material such as a sulphonated oil, saponin, or a sulphonated fatty alcohol is added. Preferably the steeping substance acts only in an alkaline medium and also exercises a therapeutic effect, e.g. soap, certain alkaloids and allied substances, e.g. papaverine, atropine, 1-p-amino-benzoyl-2.2-dimethyl-3-di-ethylamino-propanol -hydrochloride.
BACKGROUND: To compare the early clinical efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PE-PLIF) and modified posterior lumbar interbody fusion (MPLIF) in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease (LDD).
METHODS: A total of 37 patients who underwent PE-PLIF and 58 patients who underwent MPLIF from March 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, post-operative hospitalization time, and post-operative bedrest time were recorded. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of leg pain and low back pain, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were evaluated and compared before the operation, 3 days after the operation, 1 week after the operation, 1 month after the operation, 6 months after the operation and at the last follow-up. The modified MacNab's criteria were applied at the last follow-up. The fusion rate and surgical-related complications during follow-up were recorded.
RESULTS: The average operation time in the PE-PLIF group was highly significant longer than that in the MPLIF group (P < 0.01). The intraoperative blood loss, post-operative hospitalization time, and post-operative bedrest time were significantly less in the PE-PLIF group than those in the MPLIF group (P < 0.01). There were highly significant differences in VAS scores of leg pain, VAS scores of low back pain, JOA scores, ODI scores at the last follow-up compared with those before the operation in the two groups (P < 0.01). Three days after the operation and 1 week after the operation, the VAS scores for low back pain and ODI were highly significant less in the PE-PLIF group than that in the MPLIF group (P < 0.01). Three days after the operation, the JOA scores were highly significant higher in the PE-PLIF group than that in the MPLIF group (P < 0.01). All patients showed intervertebral fusion at 6 months after the operation. Two patients (5.4%) in the PE-PLIF group experienced complications.
CONCLUSION: Both PE-PLIF and MPLIF surgery were clinically effective and safe for patients with single-segment LDD. PE-PLIF surgery is a promising technique that can be used as an alternative treatment for single-segment LDD.
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a cervid prion disease with unknown zoonotic potential that might pose a risk to humans who are exposed. To assess the potential of CWD to infect human neural tissue, we used human cerebral organoids with 2 different prion genotypes, 1 of which has previously been associated with susceptibility to zoonotic prion disease. We exposed organoids from both genotypes to high concentrations of CWD inocula from 3 different sources for 7 days, then screened for infection periodically for up to 180 days. No de novo CWD propagation or deposition of protease-resistant forms of human prions was evident in CWD-exposed organoids. Some persistence of the original inoculum was detected, which was equivalent in prion gene knockout organoids and thus not attributable to human prion propagation. Overall, the unsuccessful propagation of CWD in cerebral organoids supports a strong species barrier to transmission of CWD prions to humans.
Active drug injectors are at high risk for contracting and transmitting HCV. Very few culturally-specific tools have been developed to improve outcomes in this population. We hypothesize that measurable improvements in HCV testing rates, hepatitis A and B vaccination rates, and knowledge, attitudes, and motivations toward behavior change may be elicited by such a curriculum.

In this study, we will investigate the impact of a short HCV education video on active drug injectors at a syringe exchange program. Subjects will be enrolled in one of two cohorts: a usual-care cohort, which will receive the program's standard HCV counseling; vs an intervention cohort, which will view the education video. Subjects will undergo written testing for knowledge, attitudes about transmission behaviors, and motivations toward behavior change before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, 4 weeks after the intervention, and 12 weeks after the intervention. Additionally, we will measure and compare the rates of HCV testing and HAV/HBV vaccinations before and at the end of the 12 week time point in both cohorts.
TOF test was performed by two routinely used devices, peripheral nerve stimulator and intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring device. TOF monitoring of upper extremity included stimulation of ulnar nerve. Negative surface electrode was placed on the wrist in line with the smallest digit 1-2cm below skin crease and the positive 2-3cm proximal to the negative electrode. Active surface recording electrodes were placed on adductor pollicis muscle. TOF monitoring of lower extremity included stimulation of peripheral nerve, posterior tibial nerve. Surface stimulating electrodes were placed, negative over inferolateral aspect of medial malleolus, and positive electrode 2-3cm proximal to the negative electrode. Stimulation current was 20-30 mA for hand and 30-60mA foot TOF by a group of 0.2 millisecond pulses, spaced 500 millisecond apart, to deliver four contractions. Surface recording electrodes were used for measuring muscle response on foot, active electrode which was located on the Flexor hallucis brevis muscle and reference on the big toe. Intraoperative monitoring device was used, and software with TOF monitoring programe was installed. EMG response was calculated by the peak of amplitude (peak to peak amplitude) presented in quantitative value of online measurement. Interpretation was different, visual and subjective. Peripheral nerve stimulator was used for subjective TOF test. Output current was adjustable from 0 to 70 mA. Repeat stimulation of 4 pulses/0.2 milliseconds repeated every 500 milliseconds. Surface negative electrodes were placed over the course of ulnar nerve on the wrist, in line with the smallest digit, 1-2cm proximal from skin crease, and positive electrode 2-3 cm proximal. Response was followed on adductor pollicis muscle. All data were kept in electronic medical records and if data are not complete subjects were not included in the study. Results were compared between TOF methods on two different body sites, upper and lower extremity, by quantitative method and other comparison was made between subjective and quantitative method with TOF test located in both methods on the upper extremity.
Metastasis is responsible for the majority of cancer-related fatalities. We previously identified specific cancer cell populations responsible for metastatic events which are cytokeratin-14 (CK14) and E-cadherin positive in luminal tumors, and E-cadherin and vimentin positive in triple-negative tumors. Since cancer cells evolve within a complex ecosystem comprised of immune cells and stromal cells, we sought to decipher the spatial interactions of these aggressive cancer cell populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME). We used imaging mass cytometry to detect 36 proteins in tumor microarrays containing paired primary and metastatic lesions from luminal or triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), resulting in a dataset of 1,477,337 annotated cells. Focusing on metastasis-initiating cell populations, we observed close proximity to specific fibroblast and macrophage subtypes, a relationship maintained between primary and metastatic tumors. Notably, high CK14 in luminal cancer cells and high vimentin in TNBC cells correlated with close proximity to specific macrophage subtypes (CD163intCD206intPDL1intHLA-DR+ or PDL1highARG1high). Our in-depth spatial analysis demonstrates that metastasis-initiating cancer cells consistently colocalizes with distinct cell populations within the TME, suggesting a role for these cell-cell interactions in promoting metastasis.
The present invention provides oral compositions. The compositions may be provided in a solid form, such as a film. The compositions can comprise one or more film forming polymers, one or more bioadhesive agents, one or more active agents, one or more polymeric solvents, and an aqueous solvent, with the proviso that the composition does not comprise benzocaine. The active agent(s) preferably are effective for a range of effects. The oral composition can be a solid or semi-solid composition up to a temperature of at least 40°C. Methods of providing such an oral compositions and methods of applying them to an oral or buccal cavity are also provided herein.
Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of global mortality and disability, with neuroinflammation playing a critical role in determining patient outcomes. Microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, can both exacerbate neuroinflammation and neuronal damage by releasing neurotoxic mediators and engaging in excessive phagocytosis, while also aiding recovery through the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and debris clearance. However, the molecular mechanisms governing microglial activation and polarization after ischemic stroke are not well elucidated. In this study, we combined integrative transcriptomic analyses with experimental validation in a murine model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) to explore microglial heterogeneity and identify key regulatory factors in ischemic stroke. Bioinformatics analysis identified Cd72 as a novel pro-inflammatory modulator within ischemia-associated microglial phenotypes. We observed significant upregulation of Cd72 in microglia following MCAO/R, and selective knockdown of Cd72 using CX3CR1Cre/ERT2 mice and Cre recombinase-dependent adeno-associated virus reduced MCAO/R-induced infarct volume, neuronal apoptosis, and neurological deficits. Furthermore, Cd72 expression in microglia was positively correlated with pro-inflammatory pathways and cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Knockdown of Cd72 significantly reduced these pro-inflammatory factors, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for mitigating inflammation in ischemic stroke. In conclusion, this study identifies Cd72 as a critical pro-inflammatory regulator in microglia following ischemic stroke, with its knockdown effectively reducing neuroinflammation and associated brain injury, highlighting Cd72 as a promising therapeutic target.
BACKGROUND: Associations between metabolic status and metabolic changes with the risk of cardiovascular outcomes have been reported. However, the role of genetic susceptibility underlying these associations remains unexplored. We aimed to examine how metabolic status, metabolic transitions, and genetic susceptibility collectively impact cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality across diverse body mass index (BMI) categories.
METHODS: In our analysis of the UK Biobank, we included a total of 481,576 participants (mean age: 56.55; male: 45.9%) at baseline. Metabolically healthy (MH) status was defined by the presence of < 3 abnormal components (waist circumstance, blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Normal weight, overweight, and obesity were defined as 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2, 25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2, and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, respectively. Genetic predisposition was estimated using the polygenic risk score (PRS). Cox regressions were performed to evaluate the associations of metabolic status, metabolic transitions, and PRS with cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality across BMI categories.
RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 14.38 years, 31,883 (7.3%) all-cause deaths, 8133 (1.8%) cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths, and 67,260 (14.8%) CVD cases were documented. Among those with a high PRS, individuals classified as metabolically healthy overweight had the lowest risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratios [HR] 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65, 0.76) and CVD mortality (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.50, 0.64) compared to those who were metabolically unhealthy obesity, with the beneficial associations appearing to be greater in the moderate and low PRS groups. Individuals who were metabolically healthy normal weight had the lowest risk of CVD morbidity (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.51, 0.57). Furthermore, the inverse associations of metabolic status and PRS with cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality across BMI categories were more pronounced among individuals younger than 65 years (Pinteraction < 0.05). Additionally, the combined protective effects of metabolic transitions and PRS on these outcomes among BMI categories were observed.
CONCLUSIONS: MH status and a low PRS are associated with a lower risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality across all BMI categories. This protective effect is particularly pronounced in individuals younger than 65 years. Further research is required to confirm these findings in diverse populations and to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved.
NEW MATERIAL:The compound of formula I (X is halogen; n is 1 or 2; R<1> is OH, lower alkoxy or amino; R<2> is H, lower alkanoyl or carbamoyl) or its salt. EXAMPLE:trans-4-Amino-7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthoic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride. USE:A hypotensive diuretic for oral or parenteral administration. Dose: 10-500mg daily for adult. PROCESS:A compound of formula I wherein R<2> is H can be prepared by the catalytic reduction of the compound of formula II in an inert solvent (e.g. methnaol) in the presence of a catalyst such as Raney Ni, if necessary adding ammonia to the system as a polymerization inhibitor, at room temperature -150 deg.C under 50-150atm. Reaction of the resultant compound with a reactive derivative of a lower alkanoic acid gives another compound of formula I wherein R<2> is lower alkanoyl.
Dominant eye dosed with Vehicle. Fixed combinations of AGN-199201 Dose C and AGN-190584 Dose C dosed in nondominant eye. Treatment administered once daily during office visits 1 through 5.
In recent years, an increasing number of genes associated with male and female infertility have been identified. The genetics of infertility is no longer limited to the analysis of karyotypes or specific genes, and it is now possible to analyse several dozen infertility genes simultaneously. Here, we present the diagnostic activity over the past two years including 140 patients (63 women and 77 men). Targeted sequencing revealed causative variants in 17 patients, representing an overall diagnostic rate of 12.1%, with prevalence rates in females and males of 11% and 13%, respectively. The gene-disease relationship (GDR) was re-evaluated for genes due to the addition of new patients and/or variants in the actual study. Five genes changed categories: two female genes (MEIOB and TBPL2) moved from limited to moderate; two male genes (SOHLH1 and GALNTL5) moved from no evidence to strong and from limited to moderate; and SEPTIN12, which was unable to classify male infertility, was reclassified as limited. Many infertility genes have yet to be identified. With the increasing integration of genetics in reproductive medicine, the scope of intervention extends to include other family members, in addition to individual patients or couples. Genetic counselling consultations and appropriate staffing will need to be established in fertility centres. Trial registration number: Not applicable.
Duodenal papillary adenoma, a potentially malignant benign tumor is primarily treated with endoscopic papillectomy. Despite its efficacy, endoscopic papillectomy has a high complication rate. This study investigates whether pancreatic duct and common bile duct stent placement can mitigate these complications. In a retrospective analysis, 79 patients with duodenal papillary adenoma, treated with endoscopic papillectomy at our center, were studied. The cohort included patients who underwent endoscopic papillectomy with no stents placement, common bile duct stent placement alone, pancreatic duct stent placement alone, or stents placement in both ducts. Complete resection rates did not significantly differ between patients with or without stent placement. Early complication rates were similar across groups. However, significant reduction in common bile duct stenosis was observed in the stenting group. Furthermore, stent placement correlated with lower adenoma recurrence rates during follow-up. Thus, Pancreatic duct and common bile duct stent placement in endoscopic papillectomy may decrease late complications, particularly common bile duct stenosis, and reduce the recurrence of duodenal papillary adenoma.
Standard treatment with a wide local excision (i.e. reexcision of the diagnostic excision scar with a lateral clinical surgical margin of 10 mm and a deep clinical surgical margin down to the muscular fascia as recommended by the Swedish national guidelines).
Sarcopenia is a significant geriatric syndrome that involves the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Due to its substantial endocrine role, the metabolic microenvironment of skeletal muscle undergoes changes with age. Examining the pathogenesis of sarcopenia through focusing on metabolic dysregulation could offer insights for developing more effective intervention strategies. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomics data to identify specific genes involved in the regulation of metabolism in skeletal muscle during the development of sarcopenia. Three machine learning algorithms were employed to screen key target genes exhibiting strong correlations with metabolism, which were further validated using RNA-sequencing data and publicly accessible datasets. Among them, the metabolic enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) was elevated in sarcopenia, and predicted sarcopenia with an area under the curve exceeding 0.7, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for sarcopenia. As expected, inhibition of NNMT improved the grip strength in aging mice and alleviated age-related decline in the mass index of the quadriceps femoris muscles and whole-body lean mass index. Additionally, the NNMTi treatment increased the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) content, as well as PGC1α and p-AMPK expression in the muscles of both the D-galactose-treated mouse model and naturally aging mouse model. Overall, this work demonstrates NNMT as a promising target for preventing age-related decline in muscle mass and strength.
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) refers to a diverse group of diseases that share clinical and histopathologic features. TMA is clinically characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, consumptive thrombocytopenia, and organ injury that stems from endothelial damage and vascular occlusion. There are several disease states with distinct pathophysiological mechanisms that manifest as TMA. These conditions are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and require urgent recognition and treatment. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome are traditionally considered to be primary forms of TMA, but TMA more commonly occurs in association with a coexisting condition such as infection, pregnancy, autoimmune disease, or malignant hypertension, among others. Determining the cause of TMA is a diagnostic challenge because of limited availability of disease-specific testing. However, identifying the underlying etiology is imperative as treatment strategies differ. Our understanding of the conditions that cause TMA is evolving. Recent advances have led to improved comprehension of the varying pathogenic mechanisms that drive TMA. Development of targeted therapeutics has resulted in significant improvements in patient outcomes. In this article, we review the pathogenesis and clinical features of the different TMA-causing conditions. We outline a practical approach to diagnosis and management and discuss empiric and disease-specific treatment strategies.
FIELD: medicine, preparative biochemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method of purification of immunoglobulin G from immunoglobulin-containing protein fraction of crude plasma. Indicated method involves sequence of stages among of them anion-exchange chromatography and cation-exchange chromatography are coupled in-line preferably. Acetate buffer with pH value about 5.0-6.0 and molarity about 5-25 mM is used in method of purification preferably. Then invention involves highly purified native immunoglobulin product prepared by indicated method. Invention relates also to immunoglobulin product with purity above 98%, content of monomers and dimmers of IgG are above 98.5%, content of IgA is less 4 mg IgG/l and content of polymers and aggregates is less 0.5%. Indicated product has no detergent, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or albumin as stabilizing agent. Product shows stability and safety with respect to viral activity, it is in liquid form and useful for direct intravenous administration. EFFECT: improved method of preparing, enhanced and valuable properties of product. 25 cl, 2 tbl, 5 ex
The invention discloses a natural antioxidant composite cosmetic and a preparation method of the natural antioxidant composite cosmetic. The natural antioxidant composite cosmetic comprises, by mass, 3.1% to 10.1% of natural antioxidant component, 10.1% to 30.1% of an oil-phase component, 0.06% to 0.12% of sodium hydroxide component, 0.15% to 1.0% of aid component and the balance water-phase component. The sum of the proportions of all the components is 100%. The natural antioxidant component is composed of haematococcus pluvialis extract, resveratrol, grape seed extract and pomegranate extract. According to the natural antioxidant composite cosmetic, resveratrol and haematococcus pluvialis are complementary before generation of free radicals and after generation of free radiacals and supplement each other, and the antioxidant function is better achieved. By the adoption of the natural antioxidant composite cosmetic, a user cannot be allergic, the skin of the user cannot be stimulated, and use is safe; the natural antioxidant composite cosmetic has the remarkable antioxidant function and the remarkable function of delaying skin aging.
Cyclophosphamide IV over 3 hours every 12 hours on days 1-3. Doxorubicin is administered IV over 24 hours on days 4 and 5. Vincristine is administered IV over 30 minutes on days 4 and 11. Dexamethasone is administered orally or IV on days 1-4 and 11-14. G-CSF is administered SC beginning on day 6 and continuing until blood counts recover. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 7 courses.