anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: Radiation therapy (RT) is a central component of cancer treatment with survival and long-term quality-of-life benefits across a spectrum of oncologic diagnoses. However, RT has been associated with varying levels of fatigue, pain, weight loss, and changes in mental health both during and post-treatment. Prehabilitation aims to optimize health prior to anti-neoplastic therapy in order to reduce side effects, increase adherence to treatment, expedite post-treatment recovery, and improve long-term outcomes. Though prehabilitation has been studied in those undergoing cancer-related surgery, literature on prehabilitation in individuals undergoing RT has not been comprehensively explored. Thus, this scoping review aims to summarize the existing literature focused on prehabilitation interventions for patients receiving RT.
MATERIALS/METHODS: The PRISMA-ScR checklist for conducting scoping reviews was adopted to identify and evaluate studies investigating the efficacy of prehabilitation before and during RT for cancer over the past 21 years (10/2002-10/2022). A search of prehabilitation and RT was performed to identify studies investigating prehabilitation interventions in adult cancer patients undergoing RT.
RESULTS: A total of 30 articles met inclusion criteria, yielding 3657 total participants. Eighteen (60%) studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with sample sizes ranging from 21 to 221. The most commonly studied populations were patients with head and neck cancer, followed by rectal, breast, and lung cancer. A majority (80%) of studies evaluated one prehabilitation intervention (i.e., unimodal). Targeted physical exercises were the most common intervention, followed by general physical exercises and technology/apps. Adherence/feasibility was the most common primary outcome, representing 30% of studies. All studies reported data on sex, and 5 (17%) reported data on race and/or ethnicity.
CONCLUSIONS: Prehabilitation interventions have been successfully implemented in patients with cancer undergoing surgical treatment. Based on limited current literature, prehabilitation appears to have a promising effect in reducing morbidity in adult cancer patients requiring RT. Though our review identified many RCTs, they were frequently small sample trials with primary outcomes focused on feasibility, rather than functional status or quality of life. Thus, there is a need for adequately powered, randomized controlled intervention trials to investigate the efficacy of prehabilitation and maximize the treatment outcomes for patients undergoing RT.
To our knowledge, this is the first trial evaluating the role of oral Vinorelbine as a maintenance therapy versus observation following a first line treatment with iv/oral Vinorelbine+Docetaxel. Eligible patients will be enrolled in the trial to receive 6 cycles of iv(D1)/oral(D8) Vinorelbine + Docetaxel. For responding and SD patients, after the 6 cycles, they will be randomized either in observation arm or to receive a maintenance chemotherapy with oral Vinorelbine. The oral form of the drug was found to be most appropriate for a long term treatment allowing to preserve QoL of the patients. Oral Vinorelbine will be administered on D1, D8 every 3 weeks during maintenance treatment, until PD, unacceptable toxicity or patient refusal to continue. The trial will assess efficacy/safety of initial Vinorelbine-Docetaxel combination as well as the benefits of maintenance chemotherapy with oral Vinorelbine.
BACKGROUND: Paediatric convulsive status epilepticus is the most common neurological emergency presenting to emergency departments. Risks of resultant neurological morbidity and mortality increase with seizure duration. If the seizure fails to stop within defined time-windows, standard care follows an algorithm of stepwise escalation to more intensive treatments, ultimately resorting to induction of general anaesthesia and ventilation. Additionally, ventilatory support may also be required to treat respiratory depression, a common unwanted effect of treatment. There is strong pre-clinical evidence that pH (acid-base balance) is an important determinant of seizure commencement and cessation, with seizures tending to start under alkaline conditions and terminate under acidic conditions. These mechanisms may be particularly important in febrile status epilepticus: prolonged fever-related seizures which predominantly affect very young children. This trial will assess whether imposition of mild respiratory acidosis by manipulation of inhaled medical gas improves response rates to first-line medical treatment.
METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pH manipulation as an adjunct to standard medical treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children. The control arm receives standard medical management whilst inhaling 100% oxygen; the active arm receives standard medical management whilst inhaling a commercially available mixture of 95% oxygen, 5% carbon dioxide known as 'carbogen'. Due to the urgent need to treat the seizure, deferred consent is used. The primary outcome is success of first-line treatment in seizure cessation. Planned subgroup analyses will be undertaken for febrile and non-febrile seizures. Secondary outcomes include rates of induction of general anaesthesia, admission to intensive care, adverse events, and 30-day mortality.
DISCUSSION: If safe and effective 95% oxygen, 5% carbon dioxide may be an important adjunct in the management of convulsive status epilepticus with potential for pre-hospital use by paramedics, families, and school staff.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT: 2021-005367-49. CTA: 17136/0300/001.
ISRCTN: 52731862. Registered on July 2022.
PURPOSE: To prepare a therapeutic agent for liver diseases, comprising a specific N-substituted amide derivative containing a new compound as an active ingredient, capable of manifesting inhibiting actions on liver damages and useful for preventing and treating the liver diseases. CONSTITUTION: This therapeutic agent for liver diseases comprises an N- substituted amide derivative represented by formula I [A is phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, pyridyl, etc., which may be substituted with a lower alkyl, a lower alkoxy, a halogen, OH, etc.; B is represented by formula II, III, IV (R is a lower alkyl) or formula V, VI or VII; R<1> to R<3> are each H or a lower alkyl; R<1> is H, a 1-18C alkyl, a 2-17C alkenyl, phenyl, etc.] including a new compound in which B is formula II and R<4> is other than H, etc., e.g. N-(4-fluorophenacyl)- N-methylformamide as an active ingredient. A carrier and an adjuvant are added to the active ingredient and the resultant mixture is then formulated as a powder, a granule, a capsule, a tablet, etc., which are administered.  The daily dose thereof is 0.5-10mg/kg, expressed in terms of the amount of the active ingredient and administered in one to several divided portions.
The present invention provides an assay for detection of serum antibodies to  M. paratuberculosis . A tracer, comprising a carbohydrate antigen isolated from  M. paratuberculosis  that is conjugated to a fluorophore, is added to a serum sample from an animal to form a mixture. The fluorescence polarization of the mixture is then measured. The presence of serum antibodies to  M. paratuberculosis  is indicated by a fluorescence polarization value of the mixture that is higher than the fluorescence polarization value of a control. The present invention further provides a tracer for use in a fluorescence polarization assay for antibodies specific for  M. paratuberculosis . The tracer comprises a carbohydrate antigen isolated from  M. paratuberculosis  and conjugated to a fluorophore, such that the tracer is able to bind to antibodies specific for  M. paratuberculosis  to produce a detectable change in fluorescence polarization.
Risk Summary

Kyprolis can cause fetal harm based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. There are no available data on Kyprolis use in pregnant women to evaluate for drug-associated risks. Kyprolis caused embryo-fetal lethality in rabbits at doses lower than the clinical dose (see Data). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to the fetus.

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%–4% and 15%–20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

Carfilzomib administered intravenously to pregnant rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis was not teratogenic at doses up to 2 mg/kg/day in rats and 0.8 mg/kg/day in rabbits. In rabbits, there was an increase in pre-implantation loss at ≥ 0.4 mg/kg/day and an increase in early resorptions and post-implantation loss and a decrease in fetal weight at the maternally toxic dose of 0.8 mg/kg/day. The doses of 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg/day in rabbits are approximately 20% and 40%, respectively, of the recommended dose in humans of 27 mg/m2 based on BSA.
OBJECTIVES: Habitat imaging allows for the quantification and visualization of various subregions within the tumor. We aim to develop an approach using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-based habitat imaging for preoperatively predicting the microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: Sixty-five patients were prospectively included and underwent multi-b DWI examinations. Based on the true diffusion coefficient (Dt), perfusion fraction (f), and mean kurtosis coefficient (MK), which respectively characterize cellular density, perfusion, and heterogeneity, the HCCs were divided into four habitats. The volume fraction of each habitat was quantified. The logistic regression was used to explore the risk factors from habitat fraction and clinical variables. Clinical, habitat, and nomogram models were constructed using the identified risk factors from clinical characteristics, habitat fraction, and their combination, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs).
RESULTS: MVI-positive HCC exhibited a significantly higher fraction of habitat 4 (f4) and a significantly lower fraction of habitat 2 (f2) (p < 0.001), which were selected as risk factors. Additionally, tumor size and elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were also included as risk factors for MVI. The nomogram model demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.807), followed by the habitat model (AUC = 0.777) and the clinical model (AUC = 0.708). Decision curve analysis indicated that the nomogram model offered more net benefit in identifying MVI compared to the clinical model.
CONCLUSIONS: DWI-based habitat imaging shows clinical potential for noninvasively and preoperatively determining the MVI of HCC with high accuracy.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The proposed strategy, diffusion-weighted imaging-based habitat imaging, can be applied for preoperatively and noninvasively identifying microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma, which offers potential benefits in terms of prognostic prediction and clinical management.
KEY POINTS: • This study proposed a strategy of DWI-based habitat imaging for hepatocellular carcinoma. • The habitat imaging-derived metrics can serve as diagnostic markers for identifying the microvascular invasion. • Integrating the habitat-based metric and clinical variable, a predictive nomogram was constructed and displayed high accuracy for predicting microvascular invasion.
A 75mg pregabalin capsule will be prescribed twice daily for the first week of the study (150mg/day). For the subsequent 2 weeks, the dose will be increased to 2 pregabalin capsules twice a day (300mg/day). The total duration of the treatment will be 3 weeks.
1. N-[4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenylamino)-7-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)quinazoline-6-yl]acrylamide, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 2. A pharmaceutically acceptable composition that comprises a compound of Claim 1. 3. A method of treating cancer, comprising administering to a patient having cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 1. 4. The method of Claim 3, wherein cancer is the colon cancer. 5. A method of treating or preventing restenosis or atherosclerosis, the method comprising administering to a patient having restenosis or atherosclerosis, or at risk of having restenosis or atherosclerosis, a therapeutically affective amount of a compound of Claim 1. 6. A method of irreversibly inhibiting tyrosine kinases, the method comprising administering to a patient in need of tyrosine kinase inhibition a tyrosine kinase inhibiting amount of a compound of Claim 1. 7. The method of Claim 6, wherein the tyrosine kinase is EGFR, erbB2, erbB4. 8. A method of inhibiting the tyrosine phosphorylation of erbB3 or VEGF secretion comprising administering to a patient in need of the inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of erbB3 or VEGF secretion a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 1. 9. A method of treating psoriasis or endometriosis, the method comprising administering to a patient having psoriasis or endometriosis a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 1.
The trauma literature consistently shows that early mobilization improves patients' outcome after a localized trauma such as hip fracture, or blunt solid organ injuries. In addition, in critically ill patients on the medical ICU, early mobilization improves patients' functional outcome and decreases ICU length of stay (1). This study evaluates if critically ill patients in a surgical ICU can safely and effectively be mobilized early after trauma and surgery. The investigators propose to conduct a randomized controlled study in surgical intensive care unit patients to evaluate the effects of mSOMS guided early mobilization. Additionally, the study will examine known genetic polymorphisms as related to sleep quality and muscle strength and how it relates to early mobilization of surgical ICU patients. In particular, the study will focus on the following polymorphisms: CLOCK, NPAS2, PER2 and PER3, PDE4D,MUC1, ATP2B1, DCDC5, TRPM6, SHROOM3, and MDS1 genes.
A method and system for evaluating health care provider performance, forecasting health care resource consumption on a macroeconomic scale, and optimizing the allocation of health care resource. The method includes the steps of a) providing patient discharge data which includes an address field indicating one of a plurality of micro-geographical areas (MGAs) wherein a patient resides, b) establishing a referral population for a subject health care provider based upon the market share it has for each cohort in each MGA, c) calculating occurrence rates of medical service demand for the referral population, d) providing and applying population growth factors to the referral population thereby projecting it to a future time, e) applying the occurrence rates to the projected referral population thereby forecasting the consumption of health resources, and f) allocating health care resources in accordance with the forecast. The invention can also factor into the forecast the expected caseload demand from undeveloped or proposed communities. In addition, the invention optionally computes repatriatable caseload volume, i.e. medical service demand which has gone to another health care provider but could be handled by the subject health care provider, and adds this volume to the forecast. Finally, the invention provides for a method for efficiently allocating health resources amongst neighbouring health care providers, based on either current or forecasted medical service demand data.
A non-inferiority randomised clinical trial (single-blind) will be conducted. At least 50 participants will be recruited from the outpatient clinics of the Hospital Clinic in Barcelona and the Clinical University Hospital in Zaragoza. The experimental group will nebulize once/day the hypertonic saline (HS) solution followed by airway clearance exercises (15 min) for 6 months. The control group will follow the same procedure, but the frequency of the sessions will be twice a day (reference as usual clinical practice). The main study outcomes will be: (1) cough severity (primary endpoint), symptoms and quality of life; (2) functional exercise capacity; (3) time to first exacerbation and total number of exacerbations; (4) indirect measures of mucociliary transport (rheology and concentration of solids in sputum samples); (5) inflammatory parameters; (5) tolerance, safety and adherence to treatment. Measurements will be taken at baseline (prior to randomization), at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Finally, hypothesis testing will be performed using a linear mixed model (2x3) of repeated measures, establishing a priori a margin of non-inferiority.
PURPOSE:To provide a hemostatic agent containing isorhamnetin as an active component, exhibiting specific hemostatic action and useful as a drug and biological functioning substance. CONSTITUTION:The objective agent contains isorhamnetin of formula as an active component. The compound of formula is supposed to have an extremely high selective action because it suppresses the hemostatic action of quercetin (having hemostatic action and platelet aggregation suppressing action) and exhibits selectivity against other platelet aggregation suppressing agents. The compound of formula is uninfluential to normal hemostatic action, which is desirable characteristic as an anticoagulant. It is prepared in the form of tablet, capsule, injection, etc., by conventional process and administered by oral or parenteral administration. The rate of application is 10-200mg per dose for adult in the case of oral administration.
PURPOSE:To obtain a patch for alleviating pain during centesis, having excellent autohesion, a small amount of residual paste, showing anesthetic effect in a short time by adding a specific amount local narcotic to a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. CONSTITUTION:40-70wt.%, preferably 40-65wt.% local narcotic (e.g. cocaine or lidocaine) is added to a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. The ratio Ac/As of undissolved amount (Ac) and dissolved amount (As) of local narcotic contained in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 0.1-1.8. A patch for alleviating pain during centesis, for example, is obtained by reacting a monomer for forming a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in the presence of an inert gas and a solvent to give a solution of a pressure-sensitive adhesive and blending the pressure-sensitive adhesive with a local narcotic. The prepared solution is applied to a release paper and dried to give a local narcotic- containing pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, which is pasted to a substrate, allowed to stand and crystallized to give a patch. The undissolved local narcotic in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is released in a bursting way immediate after application of the patch and pain during centesis is removed or alleviated by application before centesis.
The invention discloses a preparation method and an application of Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv. extract. The preparation method comprises steps as follows: a medicine, Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv., is ground and subjected to supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and separation, medicine dregs A are preserved for standby application, volatile oil is collected, and a Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv. extract A is obtained; the medicine dregs A are subjected to warm soaking in ethanol, extracted and filtered, medicine dregs B and an extracting solution are obtained, ethanol is recovered from the extracting solution, concentrated and dried, and a Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv. extract B is obtained; water is added to the medicine dregs B, reflux extraction and filtering are performed, an extracting solution is concentrated and sampled, ethanol eluent is collected, ethanol is recovered, concentrated and dried, and a Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv. extract C is obtained; the Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv. extract A, the Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv. extract B and the Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv. extract C are mixed uniformly, and the Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv. extract is obtained. The Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv. extract is prepared from Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv. for the first time, the raw material is widely sourced, the cost is low, the toxic and side effect is little and the safety coefficient is high. The preparation method for preparing the Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv. extract is simple and convenient to operate, the prepared Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv. extract can be effectively used for treating hyperuricemia, and research and popularization of Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv. are promoted greatly.
OBJECTIVES: I. Estimate the objective response rate of Ad5CMV-p53 in patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. II. Evaluate the duration of response, time to disease progression, and overall survival of these patients after this treatment. III. Evaluate the effectiveness of Ad5CMV-p53 in reducing cancer morbidity (pain assessment, analgesic consumption, and Karnofsky performance status). IV. Assess the quality of life of these patients receiving this treatment.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter, open label study. All patients receive direct intratumoral injections of Ad5CMV-p53 on days 1, 2, and 3 of each 4-week treatment course. Patients are treated for at least 2 courses barring local disease progression or unacceptable adverse events; patients with responding or stable disease receive a maximum of 12 courses. Patients are evaluated for safety 4 weeks from the completion of the last treatment. Quality of life is assessed before, during, and after treatment. Patients are followed every 2 months for up to 18 months or until death.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A maximum of 39 patients will be accrued for this study.
The effects of general anesthetic agents (GAAs) on microglia and their potential neurotoxicity have attracted the attention of neuroscientists. Microglia play important roles in the inflammatory process and in neuromodulation of the central nervous system. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a key mechanism of neurocognitive dysfunction during the perioperative period. Microglial activation by GAAs induces anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects in microglia, suggesting that GAAs play a dual role in the mechanism of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Understanding of the mechanisms by which GAAs regulate microglia may help to reduce the incidence of postoperative adverse effects. Here, we review the actions of GAAs on microglia and the consequent changes in microglial function. We summarize clinical and animal studies associating microglia with general anesthesia and describe how GAAs interact with neurons via microglia to further explore the mechanisms of action of GAAs in the nervous system.