anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Rationale: Though integration of alcohol pharmacotherapy into primary care settings is receiving increasing emphasis and support, rigorous data to inform clinicians' treatment choice is lacking. The most recently FDA-approved alcohol treatment medication, an extended-release depot form of naltrexone (XR-NTX, Vivitrol®), could greatly simplify the medical home-centered alcohol treatment emphasized in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Clinician's Guide. Injected once a month, XR-NTX offers a long-acting and thus potentially more effective form of pharmacotherapy than oral naltrexone (O-NTX), which, despite the Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence (COMBINE) trial and systematic reviews supporting some efficacy, has been characterized by low rates of overall prescribing, poor adherence, suboptimal monthly refill and inadequate treatment retention. Yet while promising as an alternative to O-NTX, XR-NTX is substantially more expensive (\~$1100 vs. \~$100 per month), and no head-to-head trials have compared the two forms of naltrexone. A comparative effectiveness approach is required to systematically evaluate the following key questions: In primary care settings, what is the relative clinical effectiveness of XR-NTX vs. O-NTX? What are the benefits and costs of XR-NTX relative to O-NTX? And can patient and system characteristics be identified to inform treatment choice to maximize the probability of successful outcome?

Implications: Despite several years of experience, the comparative effectiveness of XR-NTX compared to older alcohol medications remains uncertain, particularly in a mainstream, primary care treatment model that is generalizable and broadly accessible. Newer, novel, expensive medications for addiction disorders are historically greatly underutilized by primary care physicians. This study is innovative both as a 'head-to-head' evaluation of XR-NTX vs. O-NTX in primary care, and because expected participants will be primarily Medicaid-covered or uninsured persons who will not be excluded based on medical and psychiatric co-morbidities that often preclude participation in efficacy studies. If health insurance expansion, parity reforms, medical homes and accountable care organizations are to define primary care as a core alcohol treatment setting in the coming decade, exactly this type of study is required to guide treatment protocols and resource allocation. Ultimately, more widespread adoption of cost-effective alcohol pharmacotherapies will result in longer,healthier lives and lower costs.
Metoclopramide can cause tardive dyskinesia (TD), a syndrome of potentially irreversible and disfiguring involuntary movements of the face or tongue, and sometimes of the trunk and/or extremities. Movements may be choreoathetotic in appearance. The risk of developing TD and the likelihood that TD will become irreversible increases with duration of treatment and total cumulative dosage. Additionally, the risk of developing TD is increased among the elderly, especially elderly women [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)], and in patients with diabetes mellitus. Due to the risk of developing TD, avoid treatment with metoclopramide for longer than 12 weeks. GIMOTI is not recommended in geriatric patients as initial therapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

Discontinue GIMOTI immediately in patients who develop signs and symptoms of TD. Consider treatment for established cases of TD, although in some patients TD may remit, partially or completely, within several weeks to months after GIMOTI is withdrawn.

Metoclopramide itself may suppress, or partially suppress, the signs of TD, thereby masking the underlying disease process. The effect of this symptomatic suppression upon the long-term course of TD is unknown. GIMOTI is contraindicated in patients with a history of TD [see Contraindications (4)]. Avoid GIMOTI in patients receiving other drugs that are likely to cause TD (e.g., antipsychotics).
BRAFK601E is an uncommon mutation typically found in encapsulated follicular-patterned thyroid tumors. Previous studies on BRAFK601E-positive thyroid tumors were conducted before the implementation of the non-invasive follicular neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) diagnosis. This study aimed to characterize BRAFK601E-positive tumors and evaluate changes in the diagnosis and management of these patients after the introduction of NIFTP. We evaluated 25 thyroid tumors that were positive for BRAFK601E and diagnosed considering the NIFTP criteria. Clinicopathologic characteristics and recurrence rates of these tumors were compared to 29 BRAFK601E-positive tumors diagnosed prior to the acceptance of the NIFTP diagnosis. RNA-seq analysis was performed on 10 BRAFK601E-positive tumors. In the current study, 72% of BRAFK601E-positive tumors were diagnosed as non-invasive tumors on resection, with NIFTP (48% of all tumors) being the most common diagnosis. BRAFK601E-positive tumors exhibited a RAS-like gene expression profile with a BRAF-RAS score (BRS) and thyroid differentiation score (TDS) distinct from BRAFV600E-positive tumors (P < 0.001). Since 2016, patients with BRAFK601E-positive tumors less frequently underwent total thyroidectomy (41% vs 100%, P < 0.001) and received radioiodine (7% vs 75%, P < 0.001). None of the tumors positive for an isolated BRAFK601E mutation from the current or 2016 studies showed recurrences on follow-up. Our study demonstrates that most BRAFK601E-positive tumors are low-risk, RAS-like tumors, which were diagnosed as NIFTP in half of all study cases. Since 2016, patients with BRAFK601E-positive nodules have received less aggressive treatment. The risk of recurrence of BRAFK601E-positive tumors without other high-risk features appears to be low, and lobectomy without radioiodine is likely a sufficient treatment for these patients.
PURPOSE:A radiation sensitizer promoting deactivation of an intractable low- oxygen cell existing in a malignant tumor by irradiation, containing a nitrobenzyl alcohol derivative as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION:A radiation sensitizer comprising a compound (e.g., 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol, etc.) shown by the formula (n is 1 or 2; m is 0-2; R is H, alkyl, or acyl; X is halogen) as an active ingredient, a sensitizer such as misonidazole, diethyl maleate, butionine sulfoximine, etc. depending upon purposes, a glutathione inhibitor, wherein they are used in the same or different administration form. A daily dose is 20-3,000mg in oral drug, 0.5-500mg in injection, and 20-200mg in suppository. EFFECT:A compound shown by the formula promotes extremely sensitivity of low-oxygen cell to radiation, and increases radiation remedying effect.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject stable new carbohydrate compound extremely high in safety, and useful as e.g. a surfactant excellent in foamability, cleansing power and touch feeling, thus to be used in cosmetics, cleansing agent compositions, etc. SOLUTION: This compound is a new trehalose hydroxyaliphatic ether expressed by the formula (A is a residue resulted from eliminating n hydroxyl groups from trehalose; R is a 6-30C alkyl; (n) is 1 or 2), being stable and extremely safe, used as e.g. a surfactant excellent in functions such as foamability and cleansing power and in touch feeling when used, thus useful for e.g. cosmetics and cleansing agent compositions.  This compound is obtained by the following process: trehalose and sodium hydroxide are dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide followed by agitating the resultant solution under a pressure of 10mmHg at 80 deg.C for 30min and then distilling off the water contained, and e.g. 1,2-epoxyhexadecane is dripped into the resultant system followed by agitation at 110 deg.C for 4h and then neutralization, and the product is allowed to flow through an adsorptive resin column, the adsorbed matter is then eluted with a 60% aqueous ethanol solution.
Participants with advanced hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative BC, known to be DDR deficiency biomarker-positive (except ATM loss/mutation) who have not received prior treatment with immunotherapy. Participants with known MSI-H cannot be included.
DiaPaDeSS will be introduced to participants with type 2 diabetes in the control group during face-to-face interviews. The control group will have access to only these fields self-management practice tasks (daily, weekly, quarterly), and measurements questionnaires. The diabetes patient education brochure of the Ministry of Health will be sent to the phones of the active control group in pdf format. Participants in the DiaPaDeSS group will also receive routine patient education and routine hospital follow-up during the three-month follow-up period..
Propylamine derivatives having general formula (I) and quaternary bases thereof. Compounds (I) may be prepared by coupling a compound having formula (III) with a compound having general formula (IV) to produce a compound having general formula (V) and reducing the compound (V) to the amine having general formula (I). The coupling agent may be dicyclohexyl carbodimide and the reducing agent may be lithium aluminium hydride. Such compounds exhibit antispasmodic activity, wherein the propylamine derivative in combination with a proper carrier is used as an effective agent. Use of the propylamine derivative as an effective pharmaceutical substance, i.e. as an antispasmodic agent.
Provided is the use of stilbene compounds in the preparation of anti-tumor medicaments, and related is the pharmaceutical field. The stilbene compounds of the present invention are compounds represented by formula I, or salts thereof, or stereoisomers thereof, or solvates thereof. In the present invention, it is discovered that stilbene compounds have a dual effect of enriching T lymphocytes CD8<sup>+</sup> in solid tumors and targeting the destruction of the inner wall of tumor blood vessels. While killing tumor cells by cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen CD8<sup>+</sup>, the stilbenes cut off the blood supply to tumor tissues, cause rapid necrosis in solid tumors, greatly improve the killing effects on tumors, and inhibit tumor metastasis. Thereby, they can be used to prepare anti-tumor medicaments, and also used in combination with tumor immunotherapeutics to achieve synergistic anti-tumor effects. In addition, the stilbene compounds of the present invention can inhibit the growth of ocular surface blood vessels and be used in the preparation of medicaments for treating various eye diseases. The stilbene compounds of the present invention have good application prospects.
The hypolipidemic effect of MGO was investigated in na'ive rats as well as in rats susceptible to detergent-induced hyperlipidemia. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were determined using commercial kits. HMG-CoA reductase activity was measured in HepG2 cell extracts using a radioactive assay; cellular cholesterol and cholesterol esters were assessed using gas chromatography. MGO administration into na'ive rats resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the constitutive synthesis of serum cholesterol and triglycerides. In hyperlipidemic rats, MGO treatment had also a strong hypolipidemic effect. By testing various components of MGO, we established for the first time that the hypolipidemic action is associated with camphene. Administration of camphene at a dose of 30 ug/gr of body weight in yperlipidemic rats resulted in a 54.5 % reduction of total cholesterol (pO.OOl), 54 % of LDL-cholesterol (pO.OOl) and 34.5 % of triglycerides (pO.OOl). Treatment of HepG2 cells with camphene led to a decrease in cellular cholesterol content to the same extend as mevinolin, a known HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. The hypolipidemic action of camphene is independent of HMG-CoA reductase activity, suggesting that its hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects are associated with a mechanism of action different than that of statins. To conclude, given the critical role that the control of hyperlipidemia plays in cardiovascular disease, our invention describes the possibility of use of camphene as a novel lipid lowering agent.
The overall goal of this study is to identify a safe dose of the metabolic supplement, Chitosan that can help reduce AGE (advanced glycation endproducts) levels in patients with prostate cancer. Chitosan is a naturally occurring substance found in shellfish. This study will be using Chitosan prepared from the shells of cold-water shrimp. Chitosan is approved by the FDA for use in wound dressings and has been used in published clinical trials for weight loss but is not approved for the purposes of this study. AGEs are a type of metabolite, or substance, found in food and produced in the body. The researchers helping conduct this study have found a potential link between AGE levels and cancer. Participation in this study will require three study visits over the course of about 3 months. During these visits subjects will be asked to provide blood and stool samples as well as complete surveys about their quality of life.
Table 2 gives the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse reactions in placebo-controlled trials for approved indications that occurred in 5% or more of patients treated with duloxetine and with an incidence greater than placebo.   
Table 2: Treatment-Emergent Adverse Reactions: Incidence of 5% or More and Greater than Placebo in Placebo-Controlled Trials of Approved Indicationsa

a The inclusion of an event in the table is determined based on the percentages before rounding; however, the percentages displayed in the table are rounded to the nearest integer.  
b Also includes asthenia   
c Events for which there was a significant dose-dependent relationship in fixed-dose studies, excluding three MDD studies which did not have a placebo lead-in period or dose titration.  
d Also includes initial insomnia, middle insomnia, and early morning awakening.  
e Also includes hypersomnia and sedation.  
f Also includes abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain lower, abdominal pain upper, abdominal tenderness, and gastrointestinal pain.  
The inclusion of an event in the table is determined based on the percentages before rounding; however, the percentages displayed in the table are rounded to the nearest integer. Also includes asthenia Events for which there was a significant dose-dependent relationship in fixed-dose studies, excluding three MDD studies which did not have a placebo lead-in period or dose titration. Also includes initial insomnia, middle insomnia, and early morning awakening. Also includes hypersomnia and sedation. Also includes abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain lower, abdominal pain upper, abdominal tenderness, and gastrointestinal pain.

The inclusion of an event in the table is determined based on the percentages before rounding; however, the percentages displayed in the table are rounded to the nearest integer. Also includes asthenia Events for which there was a significant dose-dependent relationship in fixed-dose studies, excluding three MDD studies which did not have a placebo lead-in period or dose titration. Also includes initial insomnia, middle insomnia, and early morning awakening. Also includes hypersomnia and sedation. Also includes abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain lower, abdominal pain upper, abdominal tenderness, and gastrointestinal pain.The inclusion of an event in the table is determined based on the percentages before rounding; however, the percentages displayed in the table are rounded to the nearest integer. Also includes asthenia Events for which there was a significant dose-dependent relationship in fixed-dose studies, excluding three MDD studies which did not have a placebo lead-in period or dose titration. Also includes initial insomnia, middle insomnia, and early morning awakening. Also includes hypersomnia and sedation. Also includes abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain lower, abdominal pain upper, abdominal tenderness, and gastrointestinal pain.
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) in alleviating lower-limb pain is widely acknowledged in clinical practice, while its underlying mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. Our previous research had revealed that the prompt analgesia induced by needling-ST36 was accompanied by expression alterations in certain exco-nucleotidases within the sciatic nerve. Building upon this finding, the current work focused on NTPDase1, the primary ecto-nucleotidase in the human body, which converts ATP into AMP.
METHODS: A 20-min acupuncture was administered unilaterally at the ST36 on rats with acute ankle arthritis. The pain thresholds of the injured hind paws were determined. Pharmacological interference was carried out by introducing the corresponding reagents to the sciatic nerve. ATP levels around the excised nerve were measured using a luciferase-luciferin assay. Live calcium imaging, utilizing the Fura 2-related-F340/F380 ratio, was conducted on Schwann cells in excised nerves and cultured rat SCs line, RSC96 cells.
RESULTS: The analgesic effect induced by needling-ST36 was impaired when preventing ATP degradation via inhibiting NTPDase1 activities with ARL67156 or Ticlopidine. Conversely, increasing NTPDase1 activities with Apyrase duplicated the acupuncture effect. Similarly, preventing the conversion of AMP to adenosine via suppression of NT5E with AMP-CP hindered the acupuncture effect. Unexpectedly, impeded ATP hydrolysis ability and diminished NTPDase1 expression were observed in the treated group. Agonism at P2Y2Rs with ATP, UTP, or INS365 resulted in anti-nociception. Contrarily, antagonism at P2Y2Rs with Suramin or AR-C 118925xx prevented acupuncture analgesia. Immunofluorescent labeling demonstrated that the treated rats expressed more P2Y2Rs that were predominant in Schwann cells. Suppression of Schwann cells by inhibiting ErbB receptors also prevented acupuncture analgesia. Finally, living imaging on the excised nerves or RSC96 cells showed that agonism at P2Y2Rs indeed led to [Ca2+]i rise.
CONCLUSION: These findings strongly suggest that the analgesic mechanism of needling-ST36 on the hypersensation in the lower limb partially relies on NTPDase1 activities in the sciatic nerve. In addition to facilitating adenosine signaling in conjunction with NT5E, most importantly, NTPDase1 may provide an appropriate low-level ATP milieu for the activation of P2Y2R in the sciatic nerve, particularly in Schwann cells.
There is no formally defined terminology for the related entities transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH), localized or regional migratory osteoporosis (RMO) and bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES). This study aimed to map the diversity and frequency of diagnostic terms and vocabulary utilized in the literature. A comprehensive search of electronic databases and reference lists was conducted. Publications that reported on patients with TOH, RMO, BMES, or related variants were eligible for inclusion. The terminologies were categorized based on the wording of the titles, abstracts, or texts. We included 561 publications, of which 423 were case reports, involving 2921 patients. Overall, TOH was the most commonly used term, occurring in 257 (45.8%). RMO was used in 34 (6.1%) and BMES in 57 (10.2%). The remaining used various combinations of transient, migratory, and regional in conjunction with either osteoporosis or bone marrow edema. Localized osteoporosis was not used. We identified three different terms related to pregnancy. In 76.3% of the publications, the terminology was related to osteoporosis and in 18.2% to bone marrow edema, although terminology did not correspond to actual findings. Bone marrow edema occurred as often as osteoporosis, and osteoporosis was generally ascertained by visual inspection of radiographs, seldom by bone densitometry. Many publications used osteoporosis-related terms without evidence that osteoporosis had been detected. The terminology of these closely related entities is confusing and unstandardized. The lack of formal definitions impedes accurate diagnosis, research on disease mechanisms, and effective treatment.
Short stature with IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) gene alteration is known as small-for-gestational-age (SGA) short stature with elevated serum IGF1 levels. Its prevalence and clinical characteristics remain unclear. No adapted treatment is available for short stature related to IGF1R gene alteration in Japan, and genetic testing is not yet widely accessible. We investigated short stature with IGF1R gene alterations and analyzed the clinical data of 13 patients using the results of questionnaires issued to the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology. Four cases were caused by a deletion of chromosome 15q26.3, and eight were caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in the IGF1R gene. Cases with deletions showed a more severe degree of growth impairment (-4.5 ± 0.43 SD) than those caused by pathological variants (-2.71 ± 0.15 SD) and were accompanied by neurodevelopmental delay. However, cases caused by pathological variants lacked distinctive features. Only three of the 12 cases demonstrated serum IGF1 values exceeding +2 SD, and the other three had values below 0 SD. Four patients did not meet the criteria for SGA at birth. Six patients received GH therapy for SGA short stature and showed improvement in growth rate without any side effects or elevated serum IGF1 levels during treatment. Elevated IGF1 levels (over +2 SD) after GH treatment should be considered a suspicious finding. Owing to the lack of distinctive features, there was a possibility of undiagnosed cases of this condition. Promoting genetic testing and clinical trials on GH administration for this condition is recommended.
The patient will be interviewed for participation in the study, and the pain scores of the patients who will participate in the study will be recorded according to the NAS and W-BAS scores at the first, 2nd, 12th, and 24th hours. At the end of the 24th hour, analgesic consumption will be recorded.
Part 3: acapatamab is administered intravenously at RP2D/MTD levels. Etanercept will be administered subcutaneously in cycle 1 only.
SR-BI is present at relatively high levels on the membranes of hepatocytes and steroidogenic tissues, including the adrenal gland, testes, and ovaries, where it mediates the uptake and transport of cholesteryl ester from high density lipoproteins. It has been demonstrated that transgenic animals which do not produce SR-BI are healthy, with the exception that the females are infertile. SR-BI KO females have abnormal HDLs, ovulate dysfunctional oocytes and are infertile. Surgical, genetic and pharmacologic methods were used to show that the fertility of SR-BI KO females (or their transplanted oocytes) can be restored in the absence of ovarian and/or extraovarian SR-BI expression by manipulations that modify the structure, composition and/or abundance of their abnormal plasma lipoproteins. These manipulations included inactivation of the apolipoprotein A-I gene and administration of the cholesterol-lowering drug PROBUCOL™. In the absence of treatment, female animals which do not express SR-BI have dramatically reduced levels of offspring, even though they are otherwise healthy and the males normal. Studies demonstrate that they do not produce viable eggs and have a defect involving implantation of normal eggs.