anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is first-line treatment for cervical dystonia (CD). Treatment of CD with BoNT usually requires injections every 3-4 months for as long as symptoms persist, which can be for the lifetime of the individual. Duration of BoNT effect can impact quality of life since it is important that efficacy is maintained throughout an injection cycle to avoid fluctuations of effect after each injection. There is currently no consensus on how to assess duration of BoNT effect in patients with CD.
METHODS: A scoping review was conducted to summarize the available evidence from phase 3 clinical trials of BoNT in CD and on the interpretation of the reported duration of effect. The available evidence was analyzed in the context of clinical experience and real-world treatment practices of CD.
RESULTS: Methods for estimating duration of effect varied across publications; most were based on artificial constructs developed for clinical trials (time until a pre-specified efficacy endpoint was reached) and are not appropriate to apply in clinical practice. Clinical trial outcomes in CD were not objectively evaluated, and did not prioritize patients' needs or focus on factors that impact patients' daily living activities and quality of life.
CONCLUSION: Better evidence and consistency of reporting for duration of effect for BoNT in CD is needed to help guide clinicians on when reinjection is likely to be required. The goal should be to keep patients as symptom-free as possible with flexible reinjection intervals tailored to individual needs.
Participants engage in five 70-minute sessions of ASPIRE conducted over a period of 5 weeks, with 2 booster sessions. Each session completion has a window of 2 weeks, taking into account site availability, presence of students, holidays, and site resources. ASPIRE use is coupled with game-based social activities (GSAs). ASPIRE use, participants watch videos and engage in activities on the same computer. Each session, participants will alternate between 10 minutes of ASPIRE use and 5-minute GSAs. Participants engage in the paper-based GSAs as a team and collaborate as they complete the activities. The GSAs contain games about the effects of tobacco. Groups are allocated based on adolescents' network of friendships. At baseline, after 3 sessions, following the last session of the intervention, and about one month after the intervention has ended (assessment 4), participants complete psychosocial surveys and social network surveys.
Historically, many interventions have been tried to reduce the incidence of infection by reducing patients' exposures to potential pathogens. The neutropenic diet is one such intervention that was intended to reduce the introduction of bacteria into the host's gastrointestinal tract. This diet excludes foods considered to be high risk for bacterial colonization, especially raw fruits and vegetables. The only studies evaluating this diet have used this intervention in combination with germ free environments, which have been phased out of practice, and the independent effect of this diet remains unknown. In addition, pediatric oncology patients suffer significant gastrointestinal side effects secondary to cancer therapy, which are likely to affect their satisfaction with this dietary regimen. Qualitative data in these children suggests that decreased pleasure from food is a major concern for them and preliminary data on the neutropenic diet showed that although patients were able to stick to it, they found it difficult. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) offer more liberalized food safety guidelines for immunocompromised patients. We hypothesize that the neutropenic dietary restrictions offer no advantage over the FDA and CDC endorsed food safety guidelines and that the food safety guidelines will afford patients an improved quality of life through increased choice and control over their diet. The results of this study could potentially modify clinical practice to improve the quality of life of these patients without adverse effects on their rate of infection. Furthermore, the allowance of fresh fruits and vegetables back into the diets of these patients may have a positive impact on their health.
The incidence and mortality of HCC has increased in the United States. Promising responses have been observed in HCC patients treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin, inclusing good disease stabilization and progression free survival. Cisplatin-gemcitabine enhances the cytotoxicity of cisplatin by increasing the formation of cytotoxic platinum DNA adducts. Similarly, Oxaliplatin also has DNA cross linkage properties and one could assume that its combination with gemcitabine is likely to potentiate the cytotoxicity of the latter. Erlotinib has also been reported to result in clinical benefit in HCC and BTC patients. Based on these prior findings, we embarked on this phase II protocol of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and erlotinib in HCC and BTC patients.
PURPOSE:To obtain an injection containing vitamin C in a stable state, and exhibiting excellent drug action of vitamin C in the body, by using 3-O-glucosyl- L-ascorbic acid as an active component. CONSTITUTION:3-O-Glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid is dissolved as an active component in distilled water for injection at a proper concentration, and filtered to obtain vitamin C injection. The injection may contain the other component such as isotonic agent, etc. or used in combination with other drugs and untrients. Dose: 10-1,000mg of the active component per day. The 3-O-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid used as the active component can be prepared by reacting 5,6-O-isopropylidene- L-ascorbic acid with an acetohalogenosaccharide such as acetobromoglucose in an organic solvent in the presence of a strong organic base such as 4-dimethylaminopyrideine, etc., and removing the protecting groups from the product.
OBJECTIVE: Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants have shown similar efficacy and lower bleeding rates than vitamin K antagonists for venous thromboembolism. However, this has not been proven in mesenteric vein thrombosis. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of vitamin K antagonists and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants.
METHODS: Between January 2014 and July 2022, mesenteric vein thrombosis was diagnosed on computed tomography in 225 patients in a tertiary hospital. Among them, a total of 44 patients who underwent long-term anticoagulation therapy over 3 months were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the anticoagulant used: vitamin K antagonists (Group 1, n = 21) and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (Group 2, n = 23). The efficacy outcomes were symptom recurrence and thrombus resolution on follow-up computed tomography, and the safety outcome was bleeding complications.
RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 56 years (range, 46-68 years), and 52% were men. The most common risk factors were unprovoked intra-abdominal infections (30%). The median duration of anticoagulation therapy was 13 months (20 months in Group 1 vs 6 months in Group 2; P = .076). Of the 44 patients, 17 (39%) received the standard treatment. The median follow-up period was longer in Group 1 than in Group 2 (57 vs 28 months; P = .048). No recurrence of mesenteric vein thrombosis-related symptoms were observed in either group. The median duration of follow-up computed tomography was 31 months (42 months in Group 1 vs 18 months in Group 2; P = .064). Computed tomography revealed complete thrombus resolution, partial resolution, and no changes in 71%, 19%, and 10%, respectively (P = .075). Regarding bleeding complications, varix bleeding and melena developed in two patients in Group 2, and anticoagulation treatment thereafter ceased.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the short follow-up duration in the non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants group, there was no clinically significant difference in the thrombus resolution rate or bleeding complications when compared with the vitamin K antagonists group. Although research on the long-term effects of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients is limited, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants can be considered an alternative to conventional treatments.
Use of a biologically active substance for the preparation of an anti-ageing composition. The bioactive substance is a peptide comprising at least one amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 1 to SEQ ID NO. 6. Each amino acid sequence is a peptide fragment of fish skin. The composition prepared by the invention has the capabilities of resisting aging and maintaining cell health. And, the composition is more useful for increasing collagen content, increasing skin collagen density, increasing skin moisture content, improving pores or wrinkles or combinations thereof.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new specific alanine derivative effective for specifically inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme, endothelin conversion enzyme and enkephalinase and useful for analgesic, hypotensive diuretic treatment or for the prevention, treatment, etc., of cardiac insufficiency and hypertension. SOLUTION: This new alanine derivative is expressed by the formula I [R<1> is OH, a lower alkoxy or a lower aralkyloxy; R<2> is H, a lower alkyl or a lower aralkyl; R<3> is a lower alkyl; R<4> is OH or a lower aralkyl; Ar is an aryl such as a (substituted)phenyl, a (substituted)naphthyl, thienyl or pyridyl]. The derivative specifically inhibits the action of a metal peptidase such as angiotensin converting enzyme, endothelin converting enzyme and enkephalinase and is useful for analgesic, antidiarrheic and hypotensive diuretic treatment and the prevention, treatment, etc., of cardiac insufficiency and hypertension.  The compound can be produced by reacting a substituted alanine compound of the formula II with trichloromethyl chloroformate, reacting the product with a compound of the formula III (R<8> is an alkoxy, etc.; R<9> is an alkyl, etc.) and finally hydrolyzing the reaction product.
When the patients who has undergone a Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass lose weight, the mesenteric defects that are inevitable to cause, gets bigger and can cause an internal hernia (IH). This study will observe whether it is better to close the defects or leave them open. The patients will be randomized into two groups. One, where the defects are closed with sutures and one where the defects are left alone. The primary endpoint of the study is the prevalence of surgery for obstruction. Information about this will be gathered through the national register for obesity surgery in Sweden, SOReg. Each arm in the study will include 1200 patients and the follow up period will be three years. Since the register mentioned above is an ongoing register, the results can be studied over a longer period if wanted. The national hospital registry will further improve the follow-up.
1,256,456. Inactivation of antigens with ethylethyleneimine. FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER A.G. 12 May, 1970 [13 May, 1969], No. 22879/70. Heading ASB. A pharmaceutical preparation comprising an antigen and ethylethyleneimine is prepared by inactivating the antigen by contacting it with ethylethyleneimine. The preparations may contain from 0.01 to 1%v/v of the ethylethyleneimine. The contacting may be carried out for 5 hours to 5 days at from room temperature to 40C and the ethylethyleneimine may be neutralised with acid before use. The antigen may be a virus vaccine such as foot and mouth disease, infections bovine rhinotracheitis or sindbis virus. Foot and mouth disease virus inactivated with ethylethyleneimine may contain diethylaminoethyldextran as adjuvant.
Ophiopogonis Radix is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine and functional food that is rich in polysaccharides and has fructan as a characteristic component. In this study, an inulin neoseries-type fructan designated as OJP-W2 was obtained and characterized from Ophiopogonis Radix, and its potential therapeutic effect on liver fibrosis in vivo were investigated. Structural studies revealed that OJP-W2 had a molecular weight of 5.76 kDa and was composed of glucose and fructose with a molar ratio of 1.00:30.87. Further analysis revealed OJP-W2 has a predominantly lineal (1-2)-linked β-D-fructosyl units linked to the glucose moiety of the sucrose molecule with (2-6)-linked β-D-fructosyl side chains. Pharmacological studies revealed that OJP-W2 exerted a marked hepatoprotective effect against liver fibrosis, the mechanism of action was involved in regulating collagen deposition (α-SMA, COL1A1 and liver Hyp contents) and TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway, alleviating liver inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, CCL5 and F4/80) and MAPK signaling pathway, and inhibiting hepatic apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2, ATF4 and Caspase 3). These data provide evidence for expanding Ophiopogonis Radix-acquired fructan types and advancing our understanding of the specific role of inulin neoseries-type fructan in liver fibrosis therapy.
BACKGROUND: Globally, severe lower limb injuries (SLLIs) are the predominant cause of long-term injury related disability and poor functional outcomes. Chronic pain is a major source of this morbidity, but the magnitude of the contribution is not clearly understood. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of chronic pain following SLLIs in civilian and military patients.
METHOD: This systematic review was prospectively registered with The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with study ID CRD42022313615. A systematic literature search (Medline, Embase, Ovid, and Web of Science) was performed to identify original studies that reported chronic pain outcomes for adults who underwent surgical treatment for SLLIs in a civilian or military setting. Risk of bias in included studies was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool, and quality assessment was reported at study level using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and at outcome-level using the GRADE framework. Absolute (proportional) and relative (odds ratio) outcome measures were calculated and pooled using a random effects model.
RESULTS: Forty-three studies reporting the outcomes of 5601 patients were included. Estimated overall prevalence of pain was 63 % (CI 55-70 %). The prevalence of chronic pain in amputees (64 % (CI 55-73 %)) was similar to those who underwent limb salvage (56 % (CI 44-67 %)). The prevalence of chronic pain in civilian populations was 70 % (CI 63-77 %) compared to military populations (51 % (CI 35-66 %)). In amputees, the prevalence of residual limb pain was similar to phantom limb pain (OR 1.06 [0.64-1.78], p = 0.81, I2 = 92 %).
CONCLUSION: Most people who sustain a SLLI will suffer from chronic pain. Healthcare systems must continue to research interventions that can reduce the incidence and severity of long-term pain and ensure adequate resources are allocated for this common and debilitating complication.
BACKGROUND: As a result of pharmacokinetic changes, individuals with morbid obesity and/or with bariatric surgery may require dose adjustments, additional monitoring or medication should be avoided. Clinical decision support (CDS) may provide automated alerts enabling correct prescribing but requires documentation of these patient characteristics in the Hospital Information System (HIS) to prevent medication-related problems (MRPs).
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective is to determine the proportion of patients with documentation of the patient characteristics morbid obesity and bariatric surgery in the HIS. The secondary objective is to compare the proportion of patients with an MRP in the group with versus without documentation. Also, the type and severity of MRPs and the medication involved are determined.
METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed. Patients admitted to the hospital were identified as morbidly obese and/or with bariatric surgery. In the identified patients, the proportion of patients with documentation of the patient characteristics in the HIS was evaluated as primary outcome. Subsequently, patient records were reviewed for MRPs, which were categorized and associated medication was registered. For the primary objective, descriptive statistics was used. For the secondary outcome, the Fisher's exact test was used.
RESULTS: In 43 (21.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.7%-27.1%) of 201 included patient (113 morbid obesity, 70 bariatric surgery and 18 both), the patient characteristics were documented. An MRP occurred in 2.3% versus 13.9% (P = 0.032) of patients with and without documentation, respectively. The most common MRP was underdosing in morbid obesity, while in patients with bariatric surgery it was prescription of contra-indicated medication.
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: The proportion of patients with documentation of the patient characteristics bariatric surgery and/or morbid obesity in the HIS is low, which appears to be associated with more MRPs. To improve medication safety, it is important to document these patient characteristics.
Both tolerance and physical dependence can develop during chronic opioid therapy. Tolerance is the need for increasing doses of opioids to maintain a defined effect such as analgesia (in the absence of disease progression or other external factors). Tolerance may occur to both the desired and undesired effects of drugs, and may develop at different rates for different effects.

Physical dependence results in withdrawal symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dosage reduction of a drug. Withdrawal also may be precipitated through the administration of drugs with opioid antagonist activity (e.g., naloxone, nalmefene), mixed agonist/antagonist analgesics (e.g., pentazocine, butorphanol, nalbuphine), or partial agonists (e.g., buprenorphine). Physical dependence may not occur to a clinically significant degree until after several days to weeks of continued opioid usage.

Oxycodone Hydrochloride Tablets should not be abruptly discontinued in a physically-dependent patient [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)]. If Oxycodone Hydrochloride Tablets is abruptly discontinued in a physically-dependent patient, a withdrawal syndrome may occur. Some or all of the following can characterize this syndrome: restlessness, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, perspiration, chills, myalgia, and mydriasis. Other signs and symptoms also may develop, including irritability, anxiety, backache, joint pain, weakness, abdominal cramps, insomnia, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, or increased blood pressure, respiratory rate, or heart rate. 

Infants born to mothers physically dependent on opioids will also be physically dependent and may exhibit respiratory difficulties and withdrawal signs [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Severe and fatal hepatotoxicity, including hepatitis and hepatic failure, has occurred with the use of Clolar. In clinical studies, Grade 3–4 liver enzyme elevations were observed in pediatric patients during treatment with Clolar at the following rates: elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) occurred in 36% of patients; elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) occurred in 44% of patients. AST and ALT elevations typically occurred within 10 days of Clolar administration and returned to Grade 2 or less within 15 days. Grade 3 or 4 elevated bilirubin occurred in 13% of patients, with 2 events reported as Grade 4 hyperbilirubinemia (2%), one of which resulted in treatment discontinuation and one patient had multiorgan failure and died. Eight patients (7%) had Grade 3 or 4 elevations in serum bilirubin at the last time point measured; these patients died due to sepsis and/or multiorgan failure. Monitor hepatic function, and for signs and symptoms of hepatitis and hepatic failure. Discontinue Clolar immediately for Grade 3 or greater liver enzyme and/or bilirubin elevations [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].
FIELD: medicine, oncology. SUBSTANCE: method involves the use of autolymph in combination with chemopreparations. Initially patient lymph is incubated with cytochrome c and then with chemopreparations and administrated in blood stream of patient. So activated lymph provides the enhancement of antitumor effect, decreases intoxication and improves immunological status of patients. EFFECT: improved method of treatment, enhanced effectiveness. 1 ex
Since there is no specific antidote, treatment is primarily supportive. Dialysis is not recommended in the treatment of overdose because it removes only very small amounts of haloperidol. A patent airway must be established by use of an oropharyngeal airway or endotracheal tube or, in prolonged cases of coma, by tracheostomy. Respiratory depression may be counteracted by artificial respiration and mechanical respirators. Hypotension and circulatory collapse may be counteracted by use of intravenous fluids, plasma, or concentrated albumin, and vasopressor agents such as metaraminol, phenylephrine and norepinephrine. Epinephrine must not be used. In case of severe extrapyramidal reactions, antiparkinson medication should be administered, and should be continued for several weeks, and then withdrawn gradually as extrapyramidal symptoms may emerge. ECG and vital signs should be monitored especially for signs of QTc interval-prolongation or dysrhythmias and monitoring should continue until the ECG is normal. Severe arrhythmias should be treated with appropriate anti-arrhythmic measures.

In case of an overdose, consult a Certified Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222).
This proposed study is to evaluate the temporal changes in human cervical mucus in response to progesterone and progestins as an initial step toward clarifying these relationships. Our hypothesis is that direct effects of progesterone on the endocervix, independent of estrogen withdrawal, cause contraceptive changes to cervical mucus. To study this, a randomized, prospective, crossover study will be conducted by examining cervical mucus changes in a small cohort of women in whom investigators will suppress circulating hormonal levels by administering a GnRH antagonist. Investigators will then artificially replace Estrogen and Progesterone in order to differentiate their effects on clinical and laboratory measurements of mucus quality. The investigators will be looking closely at the immediate changes in mucus when .35 mg of norethindrone, a marketed drug is administered in this experimental setting. Cervical cell samples will also be collected at various time points and perform RT-PCR to determine whether genes for membrane bound progesterone receptor are expressed and regulated by Estrogen and Progesterone.
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, among a broad spectrum of cardiac complications in cirrhosis, is characterized by systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction and electrocardiographic changes. However, it is seen more in NASH related cirrhotic patients, who have an additional risk of developing cardiac complications. Cirrhosis contributes to a including cirrhotic cardiomyopathy owing to various pathological conditions interlinked at the cellular and molecular level. A hyperdynamic circulatory state caused due to excessive release of vasodilators in a pro-inflammatory condition of cirrhosis, along with negative-inotropic pathways contributes to the development of a compromised cardiac function. Electrocardiography, 2D echocardiography with tissue Doppler or speckle tracking are the routine diagnostic tests used to diagnose CCM.