anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Background. The use of PD depends on economic, structural and organizational factors. The nephrologist's opinion is that peritoneal dialysis is less used than it shold be. In Italy, PD is not carried out in private Centers, but neither is it in around one third of Public Centers. The aim of this study was to investigate the opinions of nephrologists on PD in Public Centers only, thereby nullifying the influence of the economic factors. Materials and Methods. The investigation was carried out by means of an online questionnaire (Qs) via mail, and during meetings and Congresses in 2006-07. The Qs investigated the characteristics of the Centers, the nephrologists interviewed, and opinions on the various aspects of the choice of Renal Replacement Therapy Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) (26 questions). Responses were received from 454 nephrologists in 270 public Centers. Among these, 205 centers (370 Qs) report PD (PD-YES), 36 (42 Qs) do not (PD-NO) and 29 (42 Qs) do not use it but send patients selected for PD to other Centers (PD-TRANSF). Results. The PD-NO and PD-TRANSF Centers are significantly smaller, with greater availability of beds. In the PD-YES Centers the presence of a pre-dialysis pathway, early referral and nurses dedicated solely to PD are associated with a higher use of PD. The nephrologists in the PD-NO Centers rate PD more negatively in terms of both clinical and non-clinical factors. The belief that more than 40% of patients can do either PD or HD differs among the nephrologists in the PD-YES (74.3%), PD-TRANSF (45.2%) and PD-NO (28.6%) Centers. Likewise, the belief that PD can be used as a first treatment in more than 30% of cases differs among the nephrologists in PD-YES (49.2%), PD-TRANSF (33.3%) and PD-NO (14.3%) Centers. Conclusions. The use of PD in Public Centers is conditioned by both structural and organizational factors, and by the opinions of nephrologists on the use and effectiveness of the technique.
The investigators will recruit participants with unilateral transtibial amputations who are at or above a K3 Medicare functional classification level (MFCL), and 18-55 years old. A K3 MFCL means that a person has the ability or potential for ambulation with variable cadence. A person at K3 MFCL is a typical community ambulator who has the ability to traverse most environmental barriers and may have vocational, therapeutic or exercise activity that demands prosthetic use beyond simple locomotion.
Interventions designed to reduce STI/HIV risk have mostly failed to consider clients of FSWs, who may act as a 'bridge' to the general population. Our recent survey of U.S and Mexican clients seeking FSWs in Tijuana revealed a startling HIV prevalence rate of 4.1%. Based on qualitative and quantitative interviews with clients from Tijuana Mexico and the U.S. the investigators developed a theory-based intervention (Hombre Seguro) that uses Motivational Interviewing, active participation, and problem solving to increase clients' use of condoms with FSWs. The investigators now propose an RCT to test the efficacy of this one-hour intervention in Tijuana which will enroll 400 HIV-negative men (200 residents of San Diego County; 200 Tijuana residents) who report having unprotected sex with FSWs in the past 4 months. Our theory-based participatory intervention will be evaluated in comparison with a time and information equivalent didactic control condition. Participants will be recruited in Tijuana where they will undergo a baseline CAPI-administered interview, STI testing (HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, Chlamydia), and intervention counseling with follow-up interviews at 4, 8, and 12 months post-baseline conducted in either Tijuana or San Diego. Our study aims are to: 1) evaluate the efficacy of Hombres Seguro to increase condom use of clients with FSWs; 2) determine if the intervention is as efficacious among U.S. versus Mexican clients; 3) determine the extent to which theoretically-based components of our intervention (e.g., self-efficacy) represent underlying mechanisms of change in primary outcomes (e.g., lower HIV/STI incidence); and 4) explore subgroup differences in efficacy of the intervention based on background characteristics (e.g., age), contextual factors (e.g., substance use before/during sex), psychosexual factors (e.g., social-sexual effectiveness), and psychosocial factors (e.g., social network influence). Our primary analytic approach will utilize a generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) approach to repeated measures analysis. This bi-national study will contribute significantly to HIV prevention research by addressing the role of male clients in the escalating HIV epidemics in Tijuana and San Diego, and could have application to other settings where HIV prevalence is high among FSWs and their clients.
Circadian clocks are not only found in discrete areas of the brain, but are found in virtually every organ in our bodies, including the heart, lungs and immune system. Disruptions in circadian clocks, or chronopathology, may underlie various forms of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic disorders. Over the past two decades, molecular geneticists have "cracked" the clock to reveal its core biochemical mechanisms evident in organisms from fruit flies to humans. These mechanistic insights have led to the discovery of links between clock function and an ever-expanding array of prevalent diseases, including heart, lung, metabolic and sleep disorders. Yet the prevalence of circadian disruption in these patient populations is unclear because current tests are not easily applied in clinical settings or have yet to be developed. Perhaps the major limitation of these techniques is the need for serial sampling over extended periods of at least 24 hours and in some cases longer. The development of an assay from a single blood draw would represent a major step forward, facilitating assessments of circadian disruption in a range of diseases.

An alternative strategy to existing assays is to use genomic microarrays to analyze circadian rhythms. Many studies in a number of organisms as well as multiple organs and tissues have found that substantial fractions of the genome (2-10%) are under robust circadian clock control. Importantly, these hundreds of rhythmic genes exhibit expression peaks at all times throughout the day, presumably reflecting their time-of-day specific functions. Using this as a foundation, Ueda and colleagues proposed an alternative strategy that would allow assessment of circadian time from a single blood draw allowing more routine assessments of circadian clock state. In brief, they identified the complement of rhythmic genes in livers of mice. They then selected a set of approximately 50 genes with unique peak times as "time-indicating genes." They then assessed the transcript levels of these time-indicating genes at a single time of day and found that they could accurately determine the time of day that the liver was taken based on the relative expression levels of the time-indicating genes. These studies provide proof-of-principle for the approach that we propose here. Establishing a molecular assay in humans for circadian rhythms from a single time point will allow us to identify circadian rhythm disorders, and to assess internal biological time to deliver therapies at their most efficacious time.
A randomized control trial to compare the effects of 10 weeks of two different types of training in recreationally active female golfers was performed. Participants were recruited through postings at local country clubs and public golf courses, as well as through emails to state and local women's golf associations. Following written informed consent approved by the university's institutional review board, participants completed a medical and golf history questionnaire. Golf-specific information gathered via the history form included self-reported number of years playing golf, handicap, frequency of play, frequency of practice. Baseline testing followed, consisting of measurement of height and weight using a stadiometer, bone density and body composition using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), 7-iron and driver club speed and total ball distance using a golf simulator (High Definition Golf, Interactive Sports Technologies, Vaughan, Ontario), and physical performance tests. Participants were then randomly assigned, using a random number generator, to either a traditional resistance training group (TRAD) or a golf-specific resistance training group (GSRT). Resistance training was conducted 3 days per week for 10 weeks. Each training session was directly supervised by at least one of the researchers, such that correct technique and appropriate resistance could be monitored. Following the 10 weeks of training, participants repeated the testing procedures under similar conditions as baseline testing.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers microglial/monocytes activation with distinct pro-inflammatory or inflammation-resolving phenotypes, which potentiate tissue damage or facilitate functional repair, respectively. The major integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), a heterodimer consisting of CD11b and CD18 chains, is expressed in multiple immune cells of the myeloid lineage. Here, we examined the effects of CD11b gene ablation in neuroinflammation and functional outcomes after SCI. qPCR analysis of C57BL/6 female mice showed upregulation of CD11b mRNA starting from 1 d after injury, which persisted up to 28 d. CD11b knockout (KO) mice and their wildtype littermates were subjected to moderate SCI. At 1 d post-injury, qPCR showed increased expression of genes involved with inflammation-resolving processes in CD11b KO mice. Flow cytometry analysis of CD45intLy6C-CX3CR1+ microglia, CD45hiLy6C+Ly6G- monocytes, and CD45hiLy6C+Ly6G+ neutrophils revealed significantly reduced cell counts as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in CD11b KO mice at d3 post-injury. Further examination with NanoString and RNA-seq showed upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes, but downregulation of the ROS pathway. Importantly, CD11b KO mice exhibited significantly improved locomotor function, reduced cutaneous mechanical/thermal hypersensitivity, and limited tissue damage at 8 weeks post-injury. Collectively, our data suggest an important role for CD11b in regulating tissue inflammation and functional outcome following SCI.
BACKGROUND: Most disease resistance (R) genes in plants encode proteins that contain leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) and nucleotide-binding site (NBS) domains, which belong to the NBS-LRR family. The sequenced genomes of Fusarium wilt-susceptible Vernicia fordii and its resistant counterpart, Vernicia montana, offer significant resources for the functional characterization and discovery of novel NBS-LRR genes in tung tree.
RESULTS: Here, we identified 239 NBS-LRR genes across two tung tree genomes: 90 in V. fordii and 149 in V. montana. Five VmNBS-LRR paralogous were predicted in V. montana, and 43 orthologous were detected between V. fordii and V. montana. The orthologous gene pair Vf11G0978-Vm019719 exhibited distinct expression patterns in V. fordii and V. montana: Vf11G0978 showed downregulated expression in V. fordii, while its orthologous gene Vm019719 demonstrated upregulated expression in V. montana, indicating that this pair may be responsible for the resistance to Fusarium wilt in V. montana. Vm019719 from V. montana, activated by VmWRKY64, was shown to confer resistance to Fusarium wilt in V. montana by a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiment. However, in the susceptible V. fordii, its allelic counterpart, Vf11G0978, exhibited an ineffective defense response, attributed to a deletion in the promoter's W-box element.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first systematic analysis of NBS-LRR genes in the tung tree and identifies a candidate gene that can be utilized for marker-assisted breeding to control Fusarium wilt in V. fordii.
CRLX101 and weekly paclitaxel administered by IV on days 1 and 15 of a 28 day cycle. Paclitaxel only is administered by IV on day 8.
The occlusal inlay had a preparation depth that allowed a thickness of 2.0 mm for the ceramic. The occlusal preparation was 4 mm wide and extended 4 or 6 mm mesio-distally for the premolar or molar models, respectively. The proximal box was 1 mm wide and had approximately 5˚ divergence, extending 2 mm apical to the isthmus floor . The preparations corresponded to a proximal connector area of 3 mm × 3 mm for molars and premolars.
Asthma is a common condition in the older population and associated with worse morbidity and mortality compared to younger individuals. Various self-management behaviors (SMB), medication adherence in particular, are key for achieving good asthma control. Unfortunately, less than half of older asthmatics regularly adhere to their controller medications and to other SMB. Several observations suggest that symptom perception may be a major determinant of asthma SMB and outcomes in older adults. First, experimental studies consistently demonstrate that many older adults are substantially less aware of their level of airway obstruction. Second, under-perception of asthma symptoms is linked to elevated risk of near-fatal and fatal asthma attacks and increased morbidity among younger adults. Third, cognitive impairment, commonly associated with aging, has been identified as a key determinant of under-perception of symptoms in younger asthmatics. Fourth, interventions to correct symptom under-perception in children have been shown to improve asthma medication adherence. Despite the greater vulnerability of older asthmatics to poor asthma outcomes and their diminished ability to perceive the severity of their airway obstruction, the association of symptom perception with asthma SMB and outcomes has not been studied in this population. The goal of this project is to determine how symptom perception influences the management and outcomes of older asthmatics and to pilot test an intervention to correct under-perception. The Specific Aims are: 1) Prospectively assess the association between symptom perception and asthma morbidity among older adults; 2) Examine the association between symptom perception and asthma SMB among older adults and identify the pathways (via illness and medication beliefs) linking them; 3) Determine the influence of cognition on symptom perception among older adults with asthma; 4) Pilot test an intervention to correct under-perceptions of asthma symptoms in older adults. The investigators will conduct a prospective cohort study of 400 asthmatics ≥60 years of age recruited from East Harlem and the Bronx in New York City. The investigators will measure symptom perception in naturalistic settings using an innovative and validated methodology and repeatedly collect data on illness and medication beliefs, cognitive functioning, SMB (including objective measures of medication adherence), and asthma morbidity over 12 months. At the end of the observation period, the investigators will pilot test an intervention to improve symptom perception on a random sample of 80 participants. The proposed study is significant for its potential to greatly advance understanding of the mechanisms related to low adherence to SMB and worse outcomes in older asthmatics, a vulnerable and understudied population.
The present invention provides compositions and methods of immunotherapy to treat cancer or other antigen-producing diseases or lesions. According to one embodiment of the invention, a composition is provided for eliciting an immune response to at (east one antigen in a patient having an antigen-producing disease or lesion, the composition comprising an effective amount of a cytokine mixture, preferably comprising IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-.gamma. (gamma) and TNF-.alpha.  (alpha). The cytokine mixture acts as an adjuvant with the antigen associated with the antigen-producing disease or lesion to enhance the immune response of the patient to the antigen. Methods are therefore also provided for eliciting an immune response to at least one antigen in a patient having an antigen-producing disease or lesion utilizing the cytokine mixture of the invention.  The compositions and methods are useful in the treatment of antigen-producing diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases or persistent lesions.
Use of magnesium hydride in the preparation of a composition for preventing and treating chronic periodontitis and a magnesium hydride toothpaste. The weight percentage content of magnesium hydride in said composition or magnesium hydride toothpaste is 1-3%. The toothpaste has effects of sterilization, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, removing dental plaque, improving bad breath or halitosis, relieving red and swollen gums, bleeding gums and gingival recession, and improving periodontitis conditions. Further disclosed is use of magnesium hydride in the preparation of a composition for preventing and treating chronic periodontitis. An appropriate amount of fine magnesium hydride fine particles are added to the toothpaste, and the magnesium hydride particles can be hydrolyzed into hydrogen and magnesium ions having anti-inflammatory effects, and can also inhibit the alveolar bone resorption. The composition containing magnesium hydride is safe to use, and can also effectively prevent the occurrence and development of periodontal diseases after long-term use.
Participants will receive multiple IV doses of mRNA-3745 in an inpatient setting. Participants will have the option to continue treatment in the OLE.
Nuclear Bcl-xL is found to promote cancer metastasis independently of its mitochondria-based anti-apoptotic activity. How Bcl-xL is translocated into the nucleus and how nuclear Bcl-xL regulates histone H3 trimethyl Lys4 (H3K4me3) modification have yet to be understood. Here, we report that C-terminal Binding Protein 2 (CtBP2) binds to Bcl-xL via its N-terminus and translocates Bcl-xL into the nucleus. Knockdown of CtBP2 by shRNA decreases the nuclear portion of Bcl-xL and reverses Bcl-xL-induced invasion and metastasis in mouse models. Furthermore, knockout of CtBP2 not only reduces the nuclear portion of Bcl-xL but also suppresses Bcl-xL transcription. The binding between Bcl-xL and CtBP2 is required for their interaction with MLL1, a histone H3K4 methyltransferase. Pharmacologic inhibition of the MLL1 enzymatic activity reverses Bcl-xL-induced H3K4me3 and TGFβ mRNA upregulation, as well as invasion. Moreover, the cleavage under targets and release using nuclease (CUT&RUN) assay coupled with next-generation sequencing reveals that H3K4me3 modifications are particularly enriched in the promotor regions of genes encoding TGFβ and its signaling pathway members in cancer cells overexpressing Bcl-xL. Altogether, the metastatic function of Bcl-xL is mediated by its interaction with CtBP2 and MLL1 and this study offers new therapeutic strategies to treat Bcl-xL-overexpressing cancer.
INTRODUCTION: Little is known regarding circumstances surrounding advanced care planning (ACP) for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We aim to describe preferences, and perspectives surrounding ACP in patients with ALS.
METHODS: We conducted a survey of patients with ALS. Survey questions were related to advance directive completion and ACP discussions regarding end-of-life (EoL) choices.
RESULTS: 49 surveys were included. Patients have given thought to advance directives, goals of care, and EoL treatments within months of diagnosis (Median: 1 month; IQR: .6 - 3 months). Twenty-seven opened dialogue with spouses, 24 with family members, 19 with health professionals and 16 with their lawyer. Eighty percent were comfortable discussing advance directives and power of attorney while fewer (70%) are less comfortable regarding specific aspects of care such as CPR or invasive ventilation. Only one barrier to discussion was identified with one patient reporting they did not wish to talk about the topic. There was no significant correlation between timing of diagnosis and whether an EoL discussion had occurred (τb = .23, P = .14: n = 42). Level of feeling informed was significantly associated with making EoL decisions for CPR, legal arrangements for a decision maker and completion of living will or AD.
CONCLUSION: In this small cohort, a substantial proportion of ALS patients initiated EoL conversations early. When feeling informed, patients were more likely to make specific EoL choices. Findings suggest an opportunity for providers to help facilitate conversations, ensuring patient wishes.
It takes 6 to 24 months of intensive combination therapy to cure tuberculosis (TB) with antibiotics that have proven activity in vitro. In contrast, many pulmonary infectious diseases can be cured following single drug treatment with similar drugs for only one to a few weeks. We hypothesize that the unusual complexity of TB lesions and the degree of sequestration of TB bacilli within these lesions may limit access of the drugs to their site of action, leading to treatment failure, long treatment duration and the emergence of drug resistance. To test the hypothesis that drug maldistribution into lesions impacts on treatment duration and failure, we propose to examine the lesion-specific penetration properties of 5 standard anti-TB drugs in the lungs of subjects selected for lung surgery. The study is designed to understand what lesion types are the most difficult to penetrate. This aspect of TB drug pharmacokinetics has been largely neglected so far, probably owing to the lack of adequate technology and the limited availability of human TB lesion samples. Fifteen patients who elect lung resection surgery will be asked to participate in the study. Consented subjects will receive 4-5 first and second line anti-TB drugs concomitantly at 1 of 5 pre-determined times prior to surgery. At the time of resection, drug levels will be measured in plasma, in uninvolved lung tissue and in lesions using standard analytical methods as well as imaging Mass Spectrometry (MS) where drug concentration gradients can be visualized across tissue sections. The major aim of this study is to determine actual concentrations and permeability coefficients of the 5 study drugs in various lesion types contained within subjects surgically removed lung tissue. Data analysis will also provide the relative exposure of each drug in plasma versus lung tissue and lesion. If conclusive, the results may be taken into consideration when selecting drug doses and dosing regimens. Additionally, images generated by standard of care (SOC) High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT), and Dynamic MRI for each subject will provide information regarding lesion structure and anatomy, lesional blood flow and microvascular function. Lesion-specific correlations will be established between CT radiology and drug pharmacokinetic (PK) to identify which histopathologic lesion types may be particularly difficult to sterilize and to evaluate the potential impact of drug penetration on treatment outcome. The long term goal of this study is to identify the factors behind poor lesion penetration, so that new agents can be optimized with better penetration properties to target harder-to-sterilize lesion' types.
Potassium chloride is a white crystalline or colorless solid. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. Chemically, potassium chloride is KCl with a molecular mass of 74.55.

Each packet of light orange powder contains 1.5 g of potassium chloride, USP, which is equivalent to potassium 20 mEq and chloride 20 mEq. Each packet of Klor-Con powder contains the following inactive ingredients: FD&C Yellow No. 6, malic acid, neotame, and natural orange flavor (Modified food starch (with added corn syrup), maltodextrin, citric acid, silicon dioxide and natural tocopherols).