anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
FIELD: organic chemistry, medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to novel derivatives of 4,1-benzoxazepine-2-one of the formula (I)   where R 1  is lower alkyl substituted at least with one optionally substituted hydroxyl group; R 2  and R 3  mean independently each of other hydrogen atom or phenyl that is substituted with 1-3 substitutes taken among the group including lower C 1 -C 4 - alkoxy-groups; X means a bond, methylene group or binding group with chain length 1-7 atoms taken among the group including -(CH 2 ) m -E-(CHR 6 ) n - where m and n mean independently each of other 1 or 2; E is a bond or oxygen atom, -NR 5 -, -CONR 7 - where R 5  means methylsulfonyl-group; R 6  and R 7  mean independently each of other: (i) hydrogen atom; (ii) unsubstituted lower alkyl or lower alkyl substituted with substitutes taken among the group including piperidine, indolyl and possibly esterified carboxy-groups; (iii) benzyl; Y means optionally substituted carbamoyl and/or substitutes at N-atom of carbamoyl group taken in common they form a ring that can be substituted, or tetrazolyl, or piperidine, and ring A is substituted with 1-3 substituted taken among the group including halogen atoms, or their salts. Invention relates to also two particular compounds. Compounds show inhibitory effect on activity of squalene synthetase and antifungal effects. Invention can be used in treatment of patients with hyperlipemia and arteriosclerosis. EFFECT: new compounds indicated above, valuable medicinal properties. 6 cl, 8 tbl, 22 ex
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a complex that can introduce genes and the like into mammalian cells by incorporating genes and a cationic polypeptide containing a high content of arginine thereto. SOLUTION: This complex comprises genes such as DNA, RNA or a synthetic nucleotide forming a hybrid with DNA or RNA and 2-1 cationic polypeptide containing a high content of arginine up to 44-100% with a molecular weight of 4,000-200,000. This complex is used to introduce genes into cultured mammalian cells or the cells constituting mammalian body. The cationic arginine forms insoluble complex with genes with high reproducibility. This complex is stable in a physiological solution and can be effectively introduced into the target cells in vivo or in vivo and can be expressed. This complex is used in gene therapy, gene immunotherapy and gene vaccine and is useful for treatment and prevention of genetic diseases, infection and cancers.
BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with an increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women and may contribute to worse outcomes. Black women experience higher obesity and breast cancer mortality rates than non-Black women. We examined associations between race, obesity, and clinical tumor stage with breast cancer prognosis.
METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 1,110 breast cancer patients, using univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses to evaluate the effects of obesity, race/ethnicity, and clinical tumor stage on progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS).
RESULTS: 22% of participants were Black, 64% were Hispanic White, and 14% were non-Hispanic White or another race. 39% of participants were obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2). In univariable analyses, tumor stage III-IV was associated with worse PFS and OS compared to tumor stage 0-II (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.52-6.22 for PFS and HR = 5.92, 95% CI = 4.00-8.77 for OS). Multivariable analysis revealed an association between Black race and worse PFS in obese (HR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.06-4.51) and non-obese (HR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.05-4.21) women with tumors staged 0-II. Obesity alone was not associated with worse PFS or OS.
CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest a complex interrelationship between obesity and race in breast cancer prognosis. The association between the Black race and worse PFS in tumor stages 0-II underscores the importance of early intervention in this group. Future studies are warranted to evaluate whether alternative measures of body composition and biomarkers are better prognostic indicators than BMI among Black breast cancer survivors.
OBJECTIVE: Transsphenoidal surgery for lactotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) lowers serum prolactin concentrations, occasionally below the normal range. However, the clinical significance of postoperative hypoprolactinemia is still unclear. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the female patients with lactotroph PitNET who were treated with transsphenoidal surgery to elucidate the influence of postoperative hypoprolactinemia on regular menstruation restoration and endocrinological remission.
RESULTS: The serum prolactin levels in all thirty three participating females had decreased following surgery. Serum prolactin levels in seven patients had decreased below the lower limit of normal ranges (hypoproactinemia group) and in the remaining twenty six patients, it was within the normal range (non-hypoproractinemia group). In hypoprolactinemia group, regular menstruation was restored in all patients with only lactotroph axis deficiency. Nine patients from the non-hypoprolactinemia group experienced re-elevation of serum prolactin concentration (27%). No patient in hypoprolactinemia group experienced the relapse of hyperprolactinemia. These data suggest that early postoperative hypoprolactinemia after transsphenoidal surgery for lactotroph PitNET is not only a good predictive factor for endocrinological remission but also no unfavorable effects on regular menstruation restoration.
Patients receive enzalutamide as in Arm I. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare a high-purity G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) with which a recombinant baculovirus having the full-length cDNA of a natural type G-CSF and the high-purity G-CSF is prepared according to a method for column chromatographic purification in order to develop the G-CSF as a medicine.  <P>SOLUTION: Several kinds of column chromatographic purifications are studied for the purpose of preparing a high-purity purified product having a physiological activity by paying attention to especially the G-CSF expressed/produced by an insect cell. As a result, a method for purifying the G-CSF preparable as a parenteral injection of 95% purity is established. The G-CSF is obtained as the result of the studies by using a cell culture supernatant containing the G-CSF produced by the insect cell according to the several kinds of column chromatographies. The method for high-purity production is carried out by combination of a cation exchange carrier with a hydroxyapatite column. Thereby, the high-purity G-CSF can be prepared and the G-CSF preparable as the parenteral injection can thereby be prepared.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
PURPOSE: An external use skin composition containing Broussonetia kazinoki Sieb extract is provided to promote collagen synthesis and to reduce skin inflammatory factor expression. CONSTITUTION: An external use skin composition for reducing pore size contains Broussonetia kazinoki Sieb extract as an active ingredient. An external use skin composition for controlling sebum or treating skin trouble contains the extract as active ingredient. The extract is contained in 0.0001-50 wt% based on total weight. The extract is isolated from Broussonetia kazinoki Sieb stems, roots, leaves, flowers, and fruits using water or ethanol. The composition is manufactured in the form of a solution, gel, solid, emulsion, suspension, microemulsion, microcapsule, cream, skin, lotion, spray, or pack.
INTRODUCTION: Postural instability (PI) is a common disabling symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, but the brain alterations underlying this sign are not fully understood yet. This study aimed to investigate the association between PI and callosal damage in PD and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients, using multimodal MR imaging.
METHODS: One-hundred and two PD patients stratified according to the presence/absence of PI (PD-steady N=58; PD-unsteady N=44), 69 PSP patients, and 38 healthy controls (HC) underwent structural and diffusion 3T brain MRI. Thickness, fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were calculated over 50 equidistant points covering the whole midsagittal profile of the corpus callosum (CC) and compared among groups. Associations between imaging metrics and postural instability score were investigated using linear regression.
RESULTS: Both PSP and PD-unsteady patient groups showed CC involvement in comparison with HC, while no difference was found between PD-steady patients and controls. The CC damage was more severe and widespread in PSP than in PD patients. The CC genu was the regions most damaged in PD-unsteady patients compared with PD-steady patients, showing significant microstructural alterations of MD and FA metrics. Linear regression analysis pointed at the MD in the CC genu as the main contributor to PI among the considered MRI metrics.
CONCLUSION: This study identified callosal microstructural alterations associated with PI in unsteady PD and PSP patients, which provide new insights on PI pathophysiology and might serve as imaging biomarkers for assessing postural instability progression and treatment response.
The proposed study seeks to determine whether any benefit in daily functioning and quality of life can be gained from using the Nintendo Wii video game console in chronic mental illness, namely schizophrenia. There is a small research base on the use of the Wii console in elderly nursing home residents as a means of increasing mobility, with attendant benefits in areas such as falls, quality of life, and relief of subsyndromal depression. For individuals with schizophrenia, adjunct exercise therapy has been associated with gains in both psychiatric and physical symptoms. However, people with schizophrenia face physical and functional barriers in initiating and continuing organized activity programs. Thus, the Nintendo Wii Fit Plus interactive fitness video game is being proposed as a novel way of introducing and engaging people with schizophrenia in various forms of physical activity.

As the first study to assess the use of the Nintendo Wii in chronic mental illness, the purpose of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility and the capacity of the Nintendo Wii in improving the health and functioning of people with severe, chronic schizophrenia. Although it is hypothesized that Nintendo Wii use will lead to gains in these domains, the information gained from this study will be used to determine specific areas of benefit and to assess whether any observed differences in outcome measures are sufficient to warrant a full-scale study. Furthermore, this initial study aims to pilot the interview schedule, clarify wording on the questionnaires, ensure that all important areas have been covered by the questionnaires, and determine whether participants are capable of meeting the demands of the study.
Participants will undergo standard colonoscopy as part of their routine IBD surveillance. During this colonoscopy both random (approximately 32 to 40) and targeted biopsies (and/or removal of any polyps) will be undertaken.
Methylene blue will produce two opposite actions on hemoglobin. Low concentrations will convert methemoglobin to hemoglobin. High concentrations convert the ferrous iron of reduced hemoglobin to ferric iron which results in the formation of methemoglobin.

Methylene blue is metabolized in the body to leukomethylene blue which is excreted primarily in the urine. Some unchanged drug is also excreted in the urine. (1)
Pre-breakfast insulin will be given as a Normal Bolus 15 minutes before the high-glycemic index meal (cornflakes and milk). The Normal Bolus will be calculated based on individual insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio (ICR).
The human system's secret organ, the gut microbiome, has received considerable attention. Emerging research has yielded substantial scientific evidence indicating that changes in gut microbial composition and microbial metabolites may contribute to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The burden of cardiovascular disease on healthcare systems is exacerbated by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which continues to be the leading cause of mortality globally. Reverse cholesterol transport is a powerful protective mechanism that effectively prevents excessive accumulation of cholesterol for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It has been revealed how the gut microbiota modulates reverse cholesterol transport in patients with atherosclerotic risk. In this review, we highlight the complex interactions between microbes, their metabolites, and their potential impacts in reverse cholesterol transport. We also explore the feasibility of modulating gut microbes and metabolites to facilitate reverse cholesterol transport as a novel therapy for atherosclerosis.
PURPOSE:A cosmetic for making fair skin that contains a flavonol analog as an effective component, thus showing strong activities of making fair skin and preventing sunburn. CONSTITUTION:Said cosmetic for making fair skin contains 0.01-10wt% of a flavonol analog of the formula (R1, R2, and R4 are H, hydroxyl, methoxy; R3, R5, and R6 are H, hydroxyl), e.g., myricetin, rhamnetin, however, quercetin is excluded). The compounds of the formula, themselves, have strong activity of inhibiting tyrosinase activity and further high oxidation resistance and ultraviolet absorption. Therefore, the cosmetic increases the stabilities to light and pH and shows extremely high storage stability. It is harmless to human bodies at all. The compounds of the formula, the effective component, is obtained by reaction between a corresponding flavanone, amyl nitrite and hydrochloric acid, and hydrolyzing the resulting isonitroso derivative with an acid. These compounds are required to have a hydroxyl group in the 3-position.
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease, and surgery is one of the treatment options with the goal of curing the disease. However, people with operable pancreatic tumor (OPT) often have a high prevalence of comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM) that is likely to result in increased glucose fluctuation and poor glycemic control. Importantly, in people with both burdens of OPT and DM, fatigue is the most common and deliberating symptom that likely impacts their quality of life and diabetes self-management. However, little is known about the longitudinal relationships among fatigue, its influencing factors, glycemic status, diabetes self-management, and quality of life in people with both OPT and DM for 12 months of follow-up. Thus, the purposes of this study are to (1) describe the trajectories of fatigue, HbA1c, diabetes self-management, and quality of life in people with OPT and DM within 12 months of follow-up; (2) examine the relationships among the trajectories of fatigue, its influencing factors, diabetes self-management, and quality of life in people with OPT and DM; and (3) understand the experiences of people with both OPT and DM regarding changes in challenges with diabetes, fatigue, diabetes self-management, diabetes care needs, and quality of life. Guided by the Theory of unpleasant symptoms, this two-year study will use a longitudinal concurrent mixed methods design. Participants will be recruited from an outpatient pancreatic surgical department at a medical center in northern Taiwan using purposive sampling. For the quantitative component, data will be collected using structured questionnaires over five time points (baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post baseline),The Chinese version of a structured questionnaire, including the demographic and clinical characteristics form, Diabetes Distress Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire will be used. For data analysis, latent growth curve modeling under a structural equation modeling framework using Mplus version 8.6 will be performed. A sample of 115 participants with both OPT and DM will be recruited. To illuminate our understanding of the findings from the quantitative component of the study, the qualitative component will use semi-structured qualitative interviews to explore the changes in challenges with diabetes, fatigue, diabetes self-management, diabetes care needs, and quality of life for a subsample of 20 participants who reported their fatigue intensity scores as 4 or more on the Fatigue Symptom Inventory concurrently. Qualitative content analysis will be used to analyze the qualitative data.
NEW MATERIAL:A compound shown by formula (R is H or aminoacyl). EXAMPLE:2'-Deoxy-5'-sulfamoyl-5-fluorouridine. USE:A carcinostatic agent having low toxicity. PREPARATION:First 2;-deoxy-5-fluorouridine shown by formula II as a starting substance is reacted with pivaloyl chloride in pyridine and a formed compound shown by formula III is reacted with t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride in DMF in the presence of imidazole to give a compound shown by formula IV. Then the compound is depivaloylated with NaOH in THF-ethanol. Successively, a prepared compound shown by formula V is reacted with (tri-n-butyltin) oxide in benzene in the presence of molecular sieve 4A and a reaction product is reacted with sulfamoyl chloride. Finally, a prepared compound shown by formula VI is deacylated with trifluoroacetic acid to give a compound shown by formula I where R is H.
Current treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often inadequate due to limited efficacy and toxicity, leading to surgical resection in refractory cases. IBD's broad and complex pathogenesis involving the immune system, enteric nervous system, microbiome, and oxidative stress requires more effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) treatments in spontaneous chronic colitis using the Winnie mouse model which closely replicates the presentation and inflammatory profile of ulcerative colitis. The 14-day BM-MSC treatment regimen reduced the severity of colitis, leading to the attenuation of diarrheal symptoms and recovery in body mass. Morphological and histological abnormalities in the colon were also alleviated. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that BM-MSC treatment led to alterations in gene expression profiles primarily downregulating genes related to inflammation, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and other biomarkers of inflammation. Further evaluation of immune cell populations using immunohistochemistry revealed a reduction in leukocyte infiltration upon BM-MSC treatment. Notably, enteric neuronal gene signatures were the most impacted by BM-MSC treatment, which correlated with the restoration of neuronal density in the myenteric ganglia. Moreover, BM-MSCs exhibited neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress-induced neuronal loss through antioxidant mechanisms, including the reduction of mitochondrial-derived superoxide and attenuation of oxidative stress-induced HMGB1 translocation, potentially relying on MSC-derived SOD1. These findings suggest that BM-MSCs hold promise as a therapeutic intervention to mitigate chronic colitis by exerting anti-inflammatory effects and protecting the enteric nervous system from oxidative stress-induced damage.
AKEEGA may cause hepatotoxicity.

Hepatotoxicity in patients receiving abiraterone acetate, a component of AKEEGA, has been reported in clinical trials. In post-marketing experience, there have been abiraterone acetate-associated severe hepatic toxicity, including fulminant hepatitis, acute liver failure, and deaths.

In MAGNITUDE Cohort 1, Grade 3–4 ALT or AST increases (at least 5 × ULN) were reported in 1.8% of patients. The safety of AKEEGA in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment has not been established as these patients were excluded from MAGNITUDE.

Measure serum transaminases (ALT and AST) and bilirubin levels prior to starting treatment with AKEEGA, every two weeks for the first three months of treatment and monthly thereafter. Promptly measure serum total bilirubin, AST, and ALT if clinical symptoms or signs suggestive of hepatotoxicity develop. Elevations of AST, ALT, or bilirubin from the patient's baseline should prompt more frequent monitoring and may require dosage modifications [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)]. 

Permanently discontinue AKEEGA for patients who develop a concurrent elevation of ALT greater than 3 × ULN and total bilirubin greater than 2 × ULN in the absence of biliary obstruction or other causes responsible for the concurrent elevation, or in patients who develop ALT or AST ≥20 × ULN at any time after receiving AKEEGA.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: <p>Combined epilepsy (with generalized and focal seizures) is a recently accepted and yet underreported epilepsy type. We intended to review the literature of combined epilepsy and to report the individual findings of the 31 combined epilepsy patients in our database. Thereafter, we investigated the characteristics of the patients at the group level.</p>.
METHODS: <p>The individual findings of the 31 patients were tabulated. We characterized the group with special reference to epide­miology, timing and the sequence of gene­ralized and focal seizures, family history of seizures and severity of the electro-clinical phenotype. The variables were compared to those of the generalized epilepsy and the focal epilepsy groups of our database. We carried out statistical analyses by the two-sided Fishers’s exact test and the Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn tests.</p>.
RESULTS: <p>The prevalence of combined epilepsy was 1.56% within the total sample of the classifiable epilepsy patients. Females were affected more often than males (67.7% and 32.3%, respectively). Statistically significant associations emerged firstly between the “short interval” subgroup (where the generalized and focal seizures occurred with short time difference) and the lack of other cerebral abnormality, and secondly between the “long interval” subgroup (where 4 to 37 years elapsed between the occurrence of the two seizure types) and the presence of other brain abnormality (p = 0.02). The proportion of patients with positive family history of seizures was greater in the combined epilepsy- than in the generalized epilepsy group (p = 0.03) and the focal epilepsy group (p < 0.0001) of the database. The electro-clinical phenotype of the absence seizures showed more atypical findings (indicating poor prognosis) in combined epilepsy than in the generalized absence epilepsy patients of the database (p < 0,0001). Despite dissimilar patient selection and study design, our main findings were in accord with those of prior studies. The dissection of the combined epilepsy group into the “long interval” and “short interval” subgroups was a novel approach that highlighted the dissimilar pathogenetic and clinical correlates of each.</p>.
CONCLUSION: <p>The case reports might facilitate the spread of information about combined epilepsy in the medical community. Analyses of the patients at the group level resulted in clinically useful pieces of evidence.</p>.
PURPOSE:To produce granulated enzyme having excellent disintegrability and solubility in water, extremely low dusting tendency in handling, and excellent fluidity, by granulating an enzyme in the presence of a core-forming substance. CONSTITUTION:A water-soluble dispersible substance to form a core of 0.1-2mm. diameter, e.g. glucose, dextrin, sodium chloride, zeolite, etc. is gyrated in a granulator in fluidized state. A powdery enzyme and if necessary other granulation additive are scattered to the surface of the gyrating substance while spraying a binder liquid in the form of minute droplets to obtain spherical granules. The granules are if necessary dried, and are coated with a solution containing a surface-coating substance in a granulator in fluidized and/or gyrated state.