anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The long-term objective of this study is to optimize the rehabilitative potential in spinal cord injury (SCI) by maximally harnessing the potential available for functional neural plasticity. SCI is an important cause of serious, long-term disability in young adults. This fact, further complicated by rising disability-related costs, makes SCI a significant economic and social burden. Upper limb dysfunction is one of the most prevalent and debilitating impairments. More than 75% of patients with quadriplegia (paralysis of all 4 limbs following spinal cord injury in neck and upper back) prioritize return of upper limb function over any other lost function. Alleviating deficits of the upper limb may represent a cost-effective stategy to reducing the burden of SCI.

Although various exercise programs and neuromuscular stimulation methods have been employed to mitigate functional impairments of the arm and hand, success of these modalities is still debated. Evidence for efficacy of rehabilitation is inconclusive as outcomes are variable, confounded by methodological issues, and have shown poor generalizability. It is now speculated that limited succcess of rehabilitation emerges from inability of current methods to adequately harness the potential for significant neuroplasticity available in SCI.

Even though the site of damage in SCI does not involve the brain, the neural networks in the brain that control movement of the arm and hand are markedly affected. These regions lose their territory that the investigators argue could hamper effects of upper limb therapy. The Investigators objective is to directly modulate adaptive plasticity in these regions of the brain to enhance function of the upper limb in iSCI. The Investigators central hypothesis is that noninvasive brain stimulation, called transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), when delivered concurrently with rehabilitation will generate synergistic functional advantage. Adaptive plasticty would be obeserved as changes in structure of pathways emerging from the brain and the individual's function.
BACKGROUND: Spasticity of the elbow flexors causes a dynamic and/or static elbow flexion deformity. This position interferes with the functional use of the hand, is aesthetically unpleasant and can cause problems with hygiene and comfort. A lengthening procedure of elbow flexor muscles can improve elbow posture and range of motion. However, causal spasticity is not addressed directly. Selective neurectomy of the musculocutaneous nerve has a direct effect on underlying spasticity but is not sufficient when contracture is present. In this study, we examine the long-term results of a combined surgical approach: a release procedure of the elbow flexors and selective neurectomy of the musculocutaneous nerve.
METHODS: A retrospective study of 14 patients with spastic flexion deformity of the elbow was performed. After a mean follow-up of 52.6 months (SD 33, range 12 to 113), the results of the combined surgical approach were evaluated. Spontaneous position of the elbow and active and passive range of motion were assesses using goniometry. Spasticity was assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale. Function of the affected upper limb before and after surgery was assessed by the House functional classification. Patient and caretaker's satisfaction were assessed using a visual analogue scale.
RESULTS: The mean decrease of passive elbow extension deficit was 34 degrees (SD 21.3, P <0.05). Active elbow extension increased with a mean of 41 degrees (SD 16.5, P <0.05). Spontaneous position elbow flexion decreased by a mean of 40 degrees (SD 21.1, P <0.05).The Modified Ashworth score decreased significantly ( P <0.05) from 3.27 (range 1 to 4) preoperatively to 0.64 (range 0 to 4) postoperatively.The difference between the House score preoperatively and postoperatively was not significant ( P =0.180). Mean patient satisfaction was 8.2/10 (SD 2.7, range 2 to 10) and mean caregiver satisfaction was 7.1/10 (SD 2.7, range 1 to 10).
CONCLUSION: A combined surgical approach to elbow flexion deformity in the form of a lengthening procedure and selective neurectomy of the elbow flexors result in a significant and sustained improvement of the spontaneous position, active and passive elbow extension and elbow flexor spasticity and high patient and caregiver satisfaction.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Case series, level IV.
PURPOSE:To make a job easy, in which receipts printed out in the order of number of clinical charts, etc. are rearranged manually in the order of the insurance number, by printing a serial number where clinical data are classified into the insurance number on a part of a receipt. CONSTITUTION:Data from an edition circuit 8 is inputted to an insurance number classification circuit 11, where each record is classified into the number of insurance. Further, a sequence number of insurance. Further, a sequence number arranged in the order of the insurance number is set to each record with a code numbering circuit 12. The data is classified into the clinical chart number with a clinical number clasification circuit 8 and printed on a document 10 in the order to clinical chart at a printing circuit 9. In this case, the circuit 9 prints a sequence number (serial number) 13 arranged in the order of the insurance number on a part of each receipt.
Patients in the control group do not receive any intervention in the time between the second and third pain assessment. Additionally, a wearable with an optical PPG- and EDA-Sensor (Empatica EmbracePlus) is put on the wrist of each participant in both groups 15 minutes before the inhalation until 15 minutes after the third pain intensity assessment, which enables the tracking of vital signs and monitoring of physiological responses. In both groups the study procedure starts with determining the pain intensity using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) immediately before and after the 15 minutes inhalation procedure which is part of the standard of care. 15 minutes after the second assessment, the pain intensity is determined a third time in both groups.
A dynamic office chair will be used in the personal workplace for the first 6 weeks within the first half of the study. A wash-out period of a minimum of 4 weeks will be executed after the first half of the study. The pre-existing static office chair will be used on the personal workstation for 6 weeks within the second half of the study after the wash-out period.
The experimental intervention consisted of a KD without caloric restriction over a period of 4 weeks. Prior to the study period, the participants were instructed by a dietitian. The participants were provided with online brochure describing the main aspects of a KD and given a list of suitable foods with a very low carbohydrate content. They were advised to eat ad libitum but to limit their carbohydrate intake to a maximum of 20-40 g/day to derive at leasut 75%, 15-20%, and 5-10% of total energy from fats, protein, and carbohydrates, respectively. The participants were allowed to vary the food according to their preferences within the framework of the KD.
BACKGROUND: The risk of re-operation, otherwise known as revision, following primary hip replacement depends in part on the prosthesis implant materials used. Current performance evidences are based on a broad categorisation grouping together different materials with potentially varying revision risks. We investigated the revision rate of primary total hip replacement (THR) reported in the National Joint Registry by specific types of bearing surfaces used.
METHODS AND FINDINGS: We analysed THR procedures across all orthopaedic units in England and Wales. All patients who received a primary THR between 2003 and 2019 in the public and private sectors were included. We investigated the all-cause and indication-specific risks of revision using flexible parametric survival analyses to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). We identified primary THRs with heads and monobloc cups or modular acetabular component THRs with head and shell/liner combinations. A total of 1,026,481 primary THRs were analysed (Monobloc: n = 378,979 and Modular: n = 647,502) with 20,869 (2%) of these primary THRs subsequently undergoing a revision episode (Monobloc: n = 7,381 and Modular: n = 13,488). For monobloc implants, compared to implants with a cobalt chrome head and highly crosslinked polyethylene (HCLPE) cup, the all-cause risk of revision for monobloc acetabular implant was higher for patients with cobalt chrome (hazard rate at 10 years after surgery: 1.28 95% confidence intervals [1.10, 1.48]) or stainless steel head (1.18 [1.02, 1.36]) and non-HCLPE cup. The risk of revision was lower for patients with a delta ceramic head and HCLPE cup implant, at any postoperative period (1.18 [1.02, 1.36]). For modular implants, compared to patients with a cobalt chrome head and HCLPE liner primary THR, the all-cause risk of revision for modular acetabular implant varied non-constantly. THRs with a delta ceramic (0.79 [0.73, 0.85]) or oxidised zirconium (0.65 [0.55, 0.77]) head and HCLPE liner had a lower risk of revision throughout the entire postoperative period. Similar results were found when investigating the indication-specific risks of revision for both the monobloc and modular acetabular implants. While this large, nonselective analysis is the first to adjust for numerous characteristics collected in the registry, residual confounding cannot be rule out.
CONCLUSIONS: Prosthesis revision is influenced by the prosthesis materials used in the primary procedure with the lowest risk for implants with delta ceramic or oxidised zirconium head and an HCLPE liner/cup. Further work is required to determine the association of implant bearing materials with the risk of rehospitalisation, re-operation other than revision, mortality, and the cost-effectiveness of these materials.
The present invention provides the application of binary naltrexone derivatives in the preparation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway inhibitors, the application of binary naltrexone derivatives in the preparation of inflammatory factor expression inhibitors, and the application of binary naltrexone derivatives in the preparation of inhibitors of inflammatory signaling pathways. It has been confirmed in vitro that the levels of nitric oxide and downstream inflammatory factors are significantly elevated in glial cells activated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Binary naltrexone derivatives significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide and the expression of downstream inflammatory factors. Binary naltrexone derivatives significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide and the expression of downstream inflammatory factors. Toll-like receptor 4 inhibitory activities were formula (II) (4.7 ± 0.48 μΜ) and formula (III) (6.23 ± 1.82 μΜ). Binary naltrexone derivatives play a key role in the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 4 mediated immune response, and formula (II) and formula (III) exhibit sputum selectivity during the inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways.
Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is a treatment modality that is gaining popularity in the field of physical therapy for its proposed mediation of pain. LLLT is typically used in conjunction with other more conventional physical therapy treatment sessions; therefore, it is not clear if the benefits are from the LLLT or the conventional treatment, or the combination of them both. The research question: Does low-level laser therapy treatment with a class 3B Laser decrease pain and improve function in persons with persistent or acute joint/muscle discomfort as compared to before treatment?

Study participants presenting with pain will be interviewed regarding the location and intensity of their primary pain complaints. Participants will also be asked to identify functional limitations associated with their pain. Participants will undergo an initial screening process to identify the presence of any exclusion factors and precautions associated with the delivery of LLLT. Investigators will collect pre-test and post-test information from participants regarding pain intensity and perceived functional limitations. Investigators will also collect relevant joint range of motion and muscle strength data during the first and last sessions. Treatment location for the study will vary within the participant group and will be determined during the initial screening process. The intervention will include LLLT treatment using a combination of LED and laser light delivered by the Richmar TheraTouch LX2 device.
An apparatus and method that simplifies the process of storing and dispensing prescription medications for both the patient and the pharmacy. The apparatus has a housing enclosing a conveying assembly that conveys a plurality of bins. A package containing prescription medication prepared and filled by a pharmacist is placed in one bin. Electronic tags on the packages and bins are read by an electronic reader to position the bins inside the housing. The customer reaches into the housing to grab the package or a grabbing mechanism grabs the correct package and drops it in a tray that is accessed by the customer. A display screen displays information and allows the customer to enter a code to obtain the medication. Cameras and other security equipment ensures the correct person obtains the medication. A computer in the housing controls the operation of apparatus and contacts the customer that the medication is ready.
Perineural invasion (PNI) is an adverse prognostic feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the understanding of the interactions between tumors and neural signaling within the tumor microenvironment is limited. In the present study, we found that MUC21 servers as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in PDAC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MUC21 promoted the metastasis and PNI of PDAC cells by activating JNK and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, secreted by Schwann cells, phosphorylates the intracellular domain S543 of MUC21 via CDK1 in PDAC cells, facilitating the interaction between MUC21 and RAC2. This interaction leads to membrane anchoring and activation of RAC2, which in turn activates the JNK/ZEB1/EMT axis, ultimately enhancing the metastasis and PNI of PDAC cells. Our results present a novel mechanism of PNI, suggesting that MUC21 is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for PDAC.
Combinations comprising vanadium (IV)/(V) compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable amines selected from the group of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) substrates are insulin mimickers. Preferred vanadium (IV)/(V) compounds are vanadyl salts, vanadyl complexes and vanadates (e.g. sodium orthovanadate). Preferred amines are tyramine and benzylamine. A here-discovered synergism between the vanadium compound and the amine makes the effective concentration of vanadate in the combination one order of magnitude lower than the corresponding of vanadate alone. Consequently the combination has much lower toxicity than the known vanadium compound alone, which is a crucial advantage of the former for its use in the treatment and/or prevention of Diabetes mellitus.
Coenzyme Q (CoQ), also known as ubiquinone, comprises a benzoquinone head group and a long isoprenoid side chain. It is thus extremely hydrophobic and resides in membranes. It is best known for its complex function as an electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) but is also required for several other crucial cellular processes. In fact, CoQ appears to be central to the entire redox balance of the cell. Remarkably, its structure and therefore its properties have not changed from bacteria to vertebrates. In metazoans, it is synthesized in all cells and is found in most, and maybe all, biological membranes. CoQ is also known as a nutritional supplement, mostly because of its involvement with antioxidant defenses. However, whether there is any health benefit from oral consumption of CoQ is not well established. Here we review the function of CoQ as a redox-active molecule in the ETC and other enzymatic systems, its role as a prooxidant in reactive oxygen species generation, and its separate involvement in antioxidant mechanisms. We also review CoQ biosynthesis, which is particularly complex because of its extreme hydrophobicity, as well as the biological consequences of primary and secondary CoQ deficiency, including in human patients. Primary CoQ deficiency is a rare inborn condition due to mutation in CoQ biosynthetic genes. Secondary CoQ deficiency is much more common, as it accompanies a variety of pathological conditions, including mitochondrial disorders as well as aging. In this context, we discuss the importance, but also the great difficulty, of alleviating CoQ deficiency by CoQ supplementation.
Whole-body vibration (WBV) and treadmill training (TT) are commonly-utilized rehabilitation interventions for children with neuromotor disorders. The evidence supporting the use of TT in children with cerebral palsy (CP) remains inconclusive, but WBV has been shown in the literature to positively affect gait and lower body spasticity in this population. However, the effects of a single session of WBV are generally transient, lasting between ten minutes and two hours. Thus, it may be necessary to combine WBV with another intervention to reinforce improved movement patterns and maximize its potential benefits. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the addition of a single bout of WBV to a single bout of TT on the lower extremity spasticity and gait parameters of ambulatory children with CP.

The investigators plan to recruit 20 children between the ages of 6 and 17 with spastic CP. Subjects will complete a 10-minute bout of TT at 110% of their preferred overground (OG) walking speed, rest for 15 minutes, and then complete a 12-minute bout of WBV at 20Hz and 2mm followed by a second 10-minute bout of TT at the same speed. OG gait characteristics, including spatiotemporal parameters, joint kinematics, and electromyographic (EMG) parameters, will be collected at 5 time points: before the first bout of TT, immediately following the first bout of TT, before WBV, immediately following WBV, and immediately following the second bout of TT. Lower extremity spasticity will be assessed using multiple methods at the same time points. Changes in gait parameters and spasticity will be assessed using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA and a series of dependent t-tests. Significant level will be set at α = 0.05.

The investigators anticipate that acute improvements in OG gait parameters will be greater following the combined bout of WBV and TT than the bout of TT alone. The investigators expect this to be due to the reduction of lower extremity spasticity following WBV, which should allow for more normalized gait patterns during TT and improve carryover to OG gait. Further, the investigators expect to gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for spasticity reduction following WBV which will allow for the making of informed decisions regarding clinical rehabilitative protocols involving WBV and TT.
Diabetic retinopathy has a high probability of causing visual impairment or blindness throughout the disease progression and is characterized by the growth of new blood vessels in the retina at an advanced, proliferative stage. Microglia are a resident immune population in the central nervous system, known to play a crucial role in regulating retinal angiogenesis in both physiological and pathological conditions, including diabetic retinopathy. Physiologically, they are located close to blood vessels and are essential for forming new blood vessels (neovascularization). In diabetic retinopathy, microglia become widely activated, showing a distinct polarization phenotype that leads to their accumulation around neovascular tufts. These activated microglia induce pathogenic angiogenesis through the secretion of various angiogenic factors and by regulating the status of endothelial cells. Interestingly, some subtypes of microglia simultaneously promote the regression of neovascularization tufts and normal angiogenesis in neovascularization lesions. Modulating the state of microglial activation to ameliorate neovascularization thus appears as a promising potential therapeutic approach for managing diabetic retinopathy.
Participants with advanced ccRCC in the expansion phase receive the RP2D of MK-3795 orally in combination with nivolumab 240mg by IV infusion over \~60 minutes every 2 weeks for up to \~1 year (12 cycles; each cycle length = 28 days) or until unequivocal progression or treatment discontinuation, whichever occurs later. As per Amendment 09 (29 March 2024), participants will not receive MK-3795. Participants receive nivolumab 240mg by IV infusion over \~60 minutes every 2 weeks in combination with belzutifan 120 mg once daily (QD) for up to \~1 year (12 cycles; each cycle length = 28 days) or until unequivocal progression or treatment discontinuation, whichever occurs later. If participants experience an adverse event, then nivolumab will be discontinued and participants will continue to receive belzutifan 120 mg QD alone for up to \~1 year (12 cycles; each cycle length = 28 days) or until unequivocal progression or treatment discontinuation, whichever occurs later.
Fibrostenosis of the small bowel is common in patients with Crohn's disease. No consensus recommendations on definition, diagnosis and management in clinical practice are currently available. In this Consensus Statement, we present a clinical practice RAND/UCLA appropriateness study on the definition, diagnosis and clinical management of fibrostenosing Crohn's disease. It was conducted by a panel of 28 global experts and one patient representative. Following a systematic literature review, 526 candidate items grouped into 136 questions were generated and subsequently evaluated for appropriateness. Strictures are best defined as wall thickening, luminal narrowing and prestenotic dilation. Cross-sectional imaging is required for accurate diagnosis of fibrostenosing Crohn's disease, and it is recommended before making treatment decisions. It should also assess the degree of inflammation in the bowel wall. Multiple options for medical anti-inflammatory, endoscopic and surgical therapies were suggested, including follow-up strategies following therapy. This Consensus Statement supports clinical practice through providing guidance on definitions, diagnosis and therapeutic management of patients with fibrostenosing small bowel Crohn's disease.