anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Beta-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, cyclosporine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antineoplastic, or antivirus drugs that are used extensively in clinical settings bear the risk of nephrotoxicity. This side effect is dose-dependent and has been attributed mainly to the accumulation of drugs in the renal proximal tubule. When assessing nephrotoxicity, both the dosage and the tubular secretion system, which allows transport of drug from blood to urine via the tubular cells, are important factors. This study was designed to investigate how renal transporters work in the renal secretion of specific drugs.

Transporters in kidney are critical in detoxification and elimination of xenobiotics from systemic circulation, and thus are major determinants of drug response and sensitivity. Transporters in the renal epithelium control the exposure of renal cells to nephrotoxic drugs and environmental toxins and thus determine xenobiotic-induced nephrotoxicity. Organic anion transporters (OATs) and organic cation transporters (OCTs) are two major classes of secretory transporters in the mammalian kidney. Among the uptake transporters, OAT1, OAT3, or OCT2 appear to be particularly important in the renal basolateral membrane to transport a large variety of endogenous and therapeutic compounds.

Recently, rapid advances in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapping can now be applied to characterize the individual patients who suffer adverse effects to a drug, or those for whom a drug shows efficacy. The aim of this study was to identify and functionally characterize OCT2 variants as a first step towards understanding whether genetic variation in OCT2 may contribute to interindividual differences in renal elimination of vancomycin. Taiwanese patients will be screened and 12 coding region variants of OCT2 will be identified. The non-synonymous variants of OAT1, OAT3, or OCT2 will then be constructed and characterized using in vitro human renal cell models. It is to establish whether genetic variants in OAT1, OAT3, or OCT2 are likely significant contributors to intersubject variability in drug response. In addition, approaches toward the prevention of some drug-induced nephrotoxicity are discussed, base on molecular mechanisms of renal accumulation of these drugs. Perhaps our understanding of OAT1, OAT3, or OCT2 in pharmacogenomics may contribute to the goal of individualized drug therapy. Development of new strategies based on the understanding of their cellular handing may achieve safer and more effective therapy for personalized medicines.
765,086. Antispasmodic preparations. SMITH KLINE & FRENCH INTERNATIONAL CO. Nov. 19. 1954, No. 33629/54. Class 81(1) An antispasmodic preparation comprises an anticholinergic which, after an initial dose, is gradually released to maintain a substantially constant therapeutic level e.g. over 10 to 12 hours. The preparation takes the form of a gelatin capsule 2, containing uncoated pellets 3 to provide the initial dose equivalent to 0.05 to 1.0 mg of atropine sulphate, and more than fifty pellets 4, 6 and 8, coated with various thicknesses of an ingestible material resistant to disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract and containing from 100 to 1,000 per cent by weight of the initial dose. The preparation may also contain from-10 to 200 mg. of a sedative in the initial dose and from 100 to 1,000 per cent by weight of the initial sedative dose in the coated pellets. The anticholinergic may be a belladonna type alkaloid such as hyoscyamine, scopolamine, atropine and their inorganic or organic salts, e.g. hydrochloride, sulphate, phosphate, maleate, tartrate, and succinate, or quarternary compounds such as methantheline bromide, diophenylmethanil methyl sulphate, propantheline bromide, methyl atropine nitrate, homatropine methyl bromide, amprotropine phosphate, and 6, 7-epoxy-tropanyl-3-tropate-N-methyl bromide or the sulphate, nitrate, halide or phosphate of the quarternary compounds, which may be present as pellets of a mixture, or as a mixture of pellets each containing different substances. Sedatives which may be present are barbital, phenobarbital, amobarbital, vinbarbital, probarbital calcium, pentabarbital sodium, butethal, hexethal, cyclobarbital, aprobarbital, diallylbarbituric acid, allylbarituric acid, butallylonal, hexobarbital, secobarbital, thiopental, and mephobarbital. The pelletes may be prepared using nitrocellulose spheres, starch, rape seeds, sugar or farina, or sulphonic or carboxylic ion exchange resins e.g. copolymus of methacrylic acid and dibenzene. Coating materials are beeswax, Japan wax, paraffin, carnauba, bayberry or spermaceti wax, alcohols or acids having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms or esters of said alcohols and acids e.g. glyceryl mono, di or tristearate, cetyl palmitate, diglycol stearate glyseryl myristate, triethylene glycol monostearate, cetyl alcohol, cholesterol, stearyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof, which may be used in the form of a solution in ethyl alcohol or carbon tetrachloride. The anticholinergic may be extended with, for example, calcium sulphate dihydrate, powdered starch or acacia, prior to use.
1. Technical Result Increase in therapeutic effect. 2. Essence A medicinal form comprises an aqueous extract of althaea root Althaea officinalis, liquorice Glycyrrhiza glabra, plantain leaves and seeds Plantago major, three-color violet Viola tricolor, benzoic acid preparation, terpinehydrate, iodine compound, analgesic, sugar and/or honey. 3. Field of Application Medicine
Staphylococcus aureus  is notorious for developing resistance to virtually all antibiotics to which it is exposed. Staphylococcal phage 2638A endolysin is a peptidoglycan hydrolase that is lytic for  S. aureus  when exposed externally, making it a new antimicrobial candidate. It shares a common protein organization with over 40 other staphylococcal peptidoglycan hydrolases: a CHAP endopeptidase domain, a mid-protein amidase 2 domain and a C-terminal SH3b cell wall binding domain. It is the first phage endolysin reported with a cryptic translational start site between the CHAP and amidase domains. Deletion analysis indicates that the amidase domain confers most of the lytic activity and requires the full SH3b domain for maximal activity. It is common for one domain to demonstrate dominant activity over another; however, the phage 2638A endolysin is the first to show high amidase domain activity dominant over the N-terminal CHAP domain, an important finding for targeting novel peptidoglycan bonds.
The subject will participate in 16 in-person hours that are broken into sessions for the book club active control intervention. This club will be facilitated by 1-2 instructors. The club will be described as a "fun activity to do outside of work to help reduce work-related stress." The club will be structured similarly to the intervention with respect to time, and homework expectations. Nurses will be prohibited from talking about work stress.
Infective endocarditis (IE) is an uncommon but virulent infection disease. One of the most frequent etiology for this infection is Enterococcus faecalis. IE treatment is difficult due to the characteristics of the infection itself, the bacterial species and the frequent comorbidities of the patients. A bactericidal antimicrobial treatment is mandatory for the resolution of this disease, but most antibiotics do not exhibit this effect against E. faecalis and have prompted the combination of an aminoglycoside and a cell-wall active agent (generally a β-lactam) as the standard treatment. This is a lengthy treatment (4-6 weeks) and its primary side effect is nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, aminoglycoside resistant strain's rates are increasing in USA and Europe, getting more complicated to establish an effective antibiotic regimen. Nowadays, patients with E. faecalis IE are old and often have significant underlying comorbidities with an increased risk of developing nephrotoxicity with aminoglycoside treatment. For this reason, and for the relevance of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant strains, some alternatives have been explored. A double β-lactam regimen is an option, despite the intrinsically resistance of E. faecalis to cephalosporins. The most studied combination is a regimen based on ampicillin plus ceftriaxone, which has shown a synergistic effect in vitro. This combination is as effective as ampicillin plus gentamycin, but with lower nephrotoxicity. Those patients need at least 4-6 weeks of treatment with a prolonged hospitalization. However, after 2 week of treatment some patients are clinically stabilized and could be benefit of an outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) program. For that purpose, it is essential to design a treatment regimen, which ensures the effectiveness and safety of the treatment, based on stability and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) studies of the administered drugs. Furthermore, the logistic and schedule should be simple enough to enable the inclusion in an OPAT program. In order to design an antibiotic regimen suitable for OPAT programs and as effective as the standard therapies for E. faecalis IE, we decided to start clinical trial.

The clinical trial is designed as a phase II, crossover clinical trial. It will be carried out in healthy volunteers, who will receive two different antibiotic regimen based on ceftriaxone. One of the regimens had shown clinical effectiveness in this scenario, but it is not suitable for OPAT programs. In the other hand, a new treatment schema useful in OPAT programs is proposed, but there is still a lack of pharmacokinetic data to support it. The plasma drug concentrations will be measured in both cases, comparing the minimal drug concentration observed and the pharmacokinetic profiles of the two regimens.
PURPOSE: Provided is a biocompatible and biodegradable block copolymer of poly (alkylene oxide) and poly (p-dioxanone) which is soluble in organic solvents. CONSTITUTION: The block copolymer comprises: one or more poly (alkylene oxide) blocks and one or more blocks of a p-dioxanone homopolymer or copolymer, wherein (a) the block copolymer is soluble in an organic solvent; and (b) the poly (alkylene oxide) blocks comprises between 25 to 80 % by weight of the block copolymer. The block copolymer has an average molecular weight of between 625 to 2,000,000 Daltons, and the total molecular weight of the poly (alkylene oxide) blocks is within a range from 200 to 500,000 Daltons. The poly (alkylene oxide) is a member selected from the group consisting of poly (ethylene oxide), random copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and block copolymers of poly (ethylene oxide) and poly (propylene oxide) and monoalkoxy-terminated derivatives thereof. The p-dioxanone copolymer is a copolymer of 1,4-dioxane-2-one and a member selected from the group consisting of glycolic acid, lactic acid, and caprolactone. The p-dioxanone copolymer contains at least 5 mole percent of repeating units derived from 1,4-dioxane-2-one based on the total amount of monomers used in preparing said copolymer.
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is complex and is thought to be related to genetic, environmental and microbial alterations that lead to a hyperactive/dysregulated immune system that mediates tissue damage. In rare cases, IBD can develop in patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) who develop severe, atypical or recurrent infections. The bowel disease in these patients can present after they develop infectious complications but also prior to that. The goal of the current study is to characterize immune function in patients with PID and IBD in order to identify alterations in pro-inflammatory and regulatory pathways.

The investigators will obtain blood samples from PID patients with IBD in order to perform deep immune profiling using various techniques such as flow cytometry, ELISA and others. Moreover, the investigators wish to characterize the microbiome of these patients. This multi-disciplinary approach will advance our understanding why specific patients with an immunodeficiency develop an IBD-like phenotype.
The present invention relates to medicine and food dual-purpose oral medicinal liquid using rhizoma dioscoreae from Henan of China as a principal raw material, which is a pure Chinese medicinal health-care product having the functions of strengthening body resistance, resisting senescence and providing nutrition. The health-care product is prepared from the following raw materials: 30 to 180 parts by weight of rhizoma dioscoreae from Henan of China, 20 to 160 parts by weight of radix achyranthis bidentatae, 10 to 55 parts by weight of radix rehanniae from Henan of China, 20 to 160 parts by weight of prepared rhizome of rehmannia, 15 to 90 parts by weight of northern crataegus, 10 to 55 parts by weight of donkey-hide gelatin, 30 to 180 parts by weight of tangshen, 20 to 160 parts by weight of milkvetch root, 20 to 150 parts by weight of xylitol and 1000 to 5000 parts by weight of water. The present invention can be used for qi and blood deficiency, weak health due to enduring sickness, resisting force decline and weak health, anemia, vertigo, etc. caused by parturition, operations, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The clinical verification in the past more than ten years indicates that the effective rate of the present invention is 100%, and the cure rate is 95%. The present invention has no toxic or side effect and is ideal medicine and food dual-purpose oral medicinal liquid with the functions of health care and treatment.
The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) intensive lifestyle intervention is the gold standard weight loss treatment for adults with cardiometabolic risk factors. Despite its efficacy, the DPP has not been widely adopted, because its 16 individual, face-to-face sessions with a specialist are considered too burdensome and expensive to be a sustainable program. Attempts to reduce cost by decreasing session number have yielded greatly diminished weight loss. Behavioral adherence to diet and activity goals declines and weight regain routinely begins once frequent face-to-face meetings cease. The still unmet challenge of DPP implementation is how to reduce treatment intensity without excising the regular social support, accountability, and feedback that are essential to maintain adherence. We hypothesize that it is feasible to implement DPP Intensive Lifestyle Treatment as effectively but twice as efficiently by using hand held technology to preserve feedback, accountability, and regular social support. The smartphone-based technology system to be tested is guided by Carver and Scheier's control systems theory of self-regulation. Initial formative research will upgrade the smartphone with engaging features that motivate participants to use the device to self-monitor and interact with a coach and peer support group. Use of the finalized tool will be compared to usual recording on paper records in a preliminary 3-group randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 96 obese adults. By enabling peer support, accountability, and feedback on diet, physical activity, and weight loss goals continuously through the 6-month intervention period, the ENGAGED system is expected to enhance (1) behavioral adherence \[operationalized by (a) self-monitoring of diet and activity and (b) attainment of diet and activity goals\], and (2) weight loss. An enabling technology that integrates specialist and peer support resources to improve treatment adherence could help to curtail the obesity epidemic by increasing the efficiency, feasibility, and reach of effective DPP lifestyle intervention.
The invention belongs to a preparation with the efficacy in resolving phlegm and softening hard masses and used for treating and auxiliarily treating cancer and a preparation method. The preparation comprises the component: omphalia. The preparation method comprises the following steps: taking Chinese medicine omphalia, crushing the omphalia into coarse powder, putting the coarse powder into a container with a cover, adding a sodium chloride solution with certain concentration, evenly stirring the mixture to soak the powder, drying the mixture at a low temperature, and preparing all preparations specified in Chinese pharmacopoeia preparation definition. The preparation has the advantages of reasonable prescription, no toxicity or side effect, convenient administration, good curative effect and simple manufacturing process, and can improve body immunological function. The preparation method avoids losing effective component and improves the bioavailability. The omphalia preparation is the safe and effective preparation for treating and auxiliarily treating cancer.
This is a double-blind (neither physician nor participant knows the treatment that the participant receives), randomized (the study drug is assigned by chance), placebo-controlled (an inactive substance is compared with a medication to test whether the medication has a real effect in a clinical study) trial that will be conducted in two parts. Thirty two (32) healthy participants are planned to be included in total, in four cohorts (groups). Participants in each cohort will receive JNJ-42165279 (n=6) or placebo (n=2) once-daily for 10 consecutive days. In Part 1, two cohorts of healthy male participants, 18 to 55 years of age, will be enrolled. Cohort A will receive 50 mg JNJ-42165279 or placebo for 10 days, and Cohort B will receive 30 mg JNJ-42165279 or placebo for 10 days. In Part 2, Cohort C will consist of 8 healthy female participants of non-childbearing potential (surgically sterile or postmenopausal), 18 to 58 years of age, who will receive 100 mg JNJ-42165279 or placebo for 10 days. Cohort D will consist of 8 healthy elderly male or female participants, from 65 to 85 years of age, who will receive 100 mg JNJ-42165279 or placebo for 10 days. The dose may be adapted before each cohort starts based on available data. The maximum dose will not exceed 100 mg once-daily. For all participants, this study will consist of an eligibility screening examination (between 28 and 3 days prior to the first dose administration), a double-blind treatment phase consisting of 2 days before dosing, 10 dosing days (Day 1 to 10), 4 days after dosing (Day 11 to 14), and a follow-up examination (within 7 to 14 days after last dose administration). The total study duration for each participant will not exceed 8 weeks.
PiXL treatment with UV irradiation in a central 4 mm homogenous zone of the cornea. For myopia of less than 1.0D, 10 J/cm2 will be used, for higher levels of myopia 15J/cm2 will be used.
Peridex therapy should be initiated directly following a dental prophylaxis. Patients using Peridex should be reevaluated and given a thorough prophylaxis at intervals no longer than six months. Recommended use is twice daily oral rinsing for 30 seconds, morning and evening after toothbrushing. Usual dosage is 15ml (marked in cap) of undiluted Peridex. Patients should be instructed to not rinse with water or other mouthwashes, brush teeth or eat immediately after using Peridex. Peridex is not intended for ingestion and should be expectorated after rinsing.
Twenty five (25) age and sex matched healthy individuals will serve as the control group. Control subjects will be evaluated at baseline only.
In a 2-year carcinogenicity study in rats, cetirizine was not carcinogenic at dietary doses up to 20 mg/kg (approximately 15 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in adults on a mg/m 2basis, or approximately 7 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in infants on a mg/m 2basis). In a 2-year carcinogenicity study in mice, cetirizine caused an increased incidence of benign liver tumors in males at a dietary dose of 16 mg/kg (approximately 6 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in adults on a mg/m 2basis, or approximately 3 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in infants on a mg/m 2basis). No increase in the incidence of liver tumors was observed in mice at a dietary dose of 4 mg/kg (approximately 2 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in adults on a mg/m 2basis, or approximately equivalent to the maximum recommended daily oral dose in infants on a mg/m 2basis). The clinical significance of these findings during long-term use of cetirizine hydrochloride is not known. 

Cetirizine was not mutagenic in the Ames test, and not clastogenic in the human lymphocyte assay, the mouse lymphoma assay, and in vivomicronucleus test in rats. 

In a fertility and general reproductive performance study in mice, cetirizine did not impair fertility at an oral dose of 64 mg/kg (approximately 25 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in adults on a mg/m 2basis).
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a safe and inexpensive bone metabolism ameliorant from a material being a safe food material that has a dietary habit, is abundant and has not been effectively used.  <P>SOLUTION: The bone metabolism ameliorant comprises a hydrophilic component of Zea mays or Zizania latifolia Turcz, as an active ingredient. The ameliorant is safe and effective for preventing and/or treating osteoporosis. The method for producing the bone metabolism ameliorant is provided. The composition for ameliorating bone metabolism, the capsule preparation and the concentrated essence comprise each the bone metabolism ameliorant.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
OBJECTIVES: Observational studies link elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) with vascular disease. Our aim was to assess the gender difference in the association between the plasma tHcy level and brain atrophy and identify the possible influencer. We employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the causal relationship between plasma tHcy level, estradiol level, and brain atrophy.
METHODS: A total of 687 patients with brain atrophy were included, and gender-specific subgroup analyses in association between tHcy and brain atrophy are conducted. From genome-wide association studies, we selected genetic variants (P < 5 × 10-8) for the plasma tHcy level and estradiol level. We investigated the degree of brain atrophy (including gray matter volume and total brain volume) in the UK biobank (n = 7,916). The inverse variance-weighted and several sensitivity MR regression analyses were carried out.
RESULTS: The plasma tHcy level was significantly associated with brain atrophy for females, but not for males. An MR study showed that there was little evidence of the causal link between elevated plasma tHcy and brain atrophy. On the other hand, we found evidence to support causality for genetically decreased estradiol with higher risk of brain atrophy. Furthermore, genetic predisposition to elevated plasma tHcy was associated with a lower estradiol level.
CONCLUSIONS: The influence of estradiol on the association between tHcy and brain atrophy deserves further investigation.
Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become diseases that seriously threaten the health and quality of life of the Chinese population, and also become a major public health problem affecting the national economic and social development. With the intensification of China's population aging, the economic burden caused by NCDs will further increase. More and more evidence has shown that NCDs could be prevented, and the prevention and control of NCDs have been considered as a core task of building a healthy China. Therefore, precise personalized nutrition and the prevention of NCDs from the age of zero, which is called the "Double Zero Strategy", would provide a well-consolidated basis for body tissue structure, and prevention of NCDs should also begin at age zero, and then extend to the first 1 000 days of life. The "Double Zero Strategy" preventive intervention can improve the nutritional status, balance diet and nutrition, and increase physical activity among children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly, all of which can reduce the risk of chronic disease, disability, and death. Therefore, launching the "Double Zero Strategy" for full life cycle prevention will help to achieve China's health goals in the new era, and provide more comprehensive measures and plans for implementing the goal of a healthy China.