anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), caused by NOTCH3 gene mutations, is the most frequent monogenic type of hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). The unique pathophysiological mechanisms that small vessel disorders in CADASIL are caused by genetic mutations and that the majority of patients do not combine cerebrovascular disease risk factors make CADASIL an ideal model for studying CSVD, and the imaging findings on CADASIL can be used to diagnose and investigate the etiology of CSVD. While abnormalities in the cerebrovascular structure and hemodynamics have been well demonstrated in CADASIL, the abnormality of the BBB remains controversial. One DCE-MRI study suggested an increase in BBB permeability to gadolinium contrast in CADASIL, whereas no abnormality of BBB was found in subsequent studies in mouse models and patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether BBB function is abnormal in patients with CADASIL using DP-pCASL, which is more sensitive to subtle changes in the BBB compared to DCE-MRI. The investigators hypothesized that the BBB water exchange rate (kw) is reduced in patients with CADASIL compared to controls as assessed by DP-pCASL and that the degree of reduction in BBB water exchange rate correlates with the severity of disease in patients with CADASIL.
The efficacy of TREXIMET in the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in pediatric patients 12 to 17 years of age was demonstrated in a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial comparing 3 doses of TREXIMET and placebo (Study 3). Patients enrolled in this trial were mostly female (59%) and white (81%), with a mean age of 15 years.

Patients were required to have at least a 6-month history of migraine attacks with or without aura usually lasting 3 hours or more when untreated. Following a single-blind, placebo run-in phase, placebo nonresponders were randomized to receive a single dose of either TREXIMET 10/60 mg, 30/180 mg, 85/500 mg, or placebo. Patients were instructed to treat a single migraine attack with headache pain of moderate to severe intensity. No rescue medication was allowed within 2 hours postdose. Patients evaluated their headache pain 2 hours after taking 1 dose of study medication. Two-hour pain free was defined as a reduction in headache severity from moderate or severe pain to no pain at 2 hours postdose.

Results are summarized in Table 5. The percentage of patients who were pain free at 2 hours postdose was significantly greater among patients who received any of the 3 doses of TREXIMET compared with placebo.

The percentage of pediatric patients who remained pain free without use of other medications 2 through 24 hours postdose was significantly greater after administration of a single dose of TREXIMET 85/500 mg compared with placebo. A greater percentage of pediatric patients who received a single dose of 10/60 mg or 30/180 mg remained pain free 2 through 24 hours postdose compared with placebo.

Compared with placebo, the incidence of photophobia and phonophobia was significantly decreased 2 hours after the administration of a single dose of 85/500 mg, whereas, the incidence of nausea was comparable. There was a decreased incidence of photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea 2 hours after single-dose administration of 10/60 mg or 30/180 mg compared with placebo.
Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is an intercellular signaling molecule secreted by metabolic organs, including skeletal muscle, in response to intracellular stress. FGF21 crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts via the nervous system to coordinate aspects of the adaptive starvation response, including increased lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Given its beneficial effects for hepatic lipid metabolism, pharmaceutical FGF21 analogues are used in clinical trials treatment of fatty liver disease. We predicted pharmacologic treatment with FGF21 increases HPA axis activity and skeletal muscle glucocorticoid signaling and induces skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. Here we found a short course of systemic FGF21 treatment decreased muscle protein synthesis and reduced tibialis anterior weight; this was driven primarily by its effect in female mice. Similarly, intracerebroventricular FGF21 reduced tibialis anterior muscle fiber cross-sectional area; this was more apparent among female mice than male littermates. In agreement with the reduced muscle mass, the topmost enriched metabolic pathways in plasma collected from FGF21-treated females were related to amino acid metabolism, and the relative abundance of plasma proteinogenic amino acids was increased up to 3-fold. FGF21 treatment increased hypothalamic Crh mRNA, plasma corticosterone, and adrenal weight, and increased expression of glucocorticoid receptor target genes known to reduce muscle protein synthesis and/or promote degradation. Given the proposed use of FGF21 analogues for the treatment of metabolic disease, the study is both physiologically relevant and may have important clinical implications.
The invention discloses an antibiosis wet tissue with the chamomile smell. The antibiosis wet tissue is composed of a water-absorbing matrix and liquid medicine loaded on the matrix. The liquid medicine is made, by weight, 5-10 percent of chamomile extracting solution, 3-9 percent of citric acid, 2-6 percent of natural xylitol and 75-90 percent of deionized water. The formula of the antibiosis wet tissue with the chamomile smell is pure, the antibiosis wet tissue is mild and free of stimulation, alcohol, fluorescent agents, spice and antiseptic substances, and people are relieved to use the antibiosis wet tissue. In addition, the antibiosis wet tissue includes the chamomile extracting solution, and the function of inflammation diminishing is achieved. The citric acid can be used for adjusting the pH value of the wet tissue to enable the wet tissue to be weakly acidic, and due to the fact that the pH value of the antibiosis wet tissue made according to the weak acidity formula is closer to the pH value of the normal skin of a baby, stability of the natural sebum membrane of the baby is effectively maintained. The natural xylitol contained in the antibiosis wet tissue has the caries prevention function.
The present invention is directed to antibodies and fragments thereof having binding specificity for IL-6. Another embodiment of this invention relates to the antibodies described herein, and binding fragments thereof, comprising the sequences of the VH, VL  and CDR  polypeptides described herein, and the polynucleotides encoding them. The invention also contemplates conjugates of anti-IL-6 antibodies and binding fragments thereof conjugated to one or more functional or detectable moieties. The invention also contemplates methods of making said anti-IL-6 antibodies and binding fragments thereof. Embodiments of the invention also pertain to the use of anti-IL-6 antibodies, and binding fragments thereof, for the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of diseases and disorders associated with IL-6. These antibodies may bind at least one of soluble IL-6, cell surface expressed IL-6, IL-6/IL-6R  and/or prevent the association of IL-6 and IL-6R, the association of IL-6/IL-6R and gp130 and or the formation of IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 multimers and thereby inhibit a biological effect associated with any of the foregoing.
This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of metabolic parameters in preoperative non-enhancing peritumoral regions (NEPTRs) for glioblastoma recurrence, using multivoxel hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Clinical and imaging data from patients with recurrent glioblastoma were analyzed. Through co-registration of preoperative and post-recurrence MRI, we identified future tumor recurrence regions (FTRRs) and future non-tumor recurrence regions (FNTRRs) within the NEPTRs. Metabolic parameters were recorded separately for each region. Cox regression analysis was applied to assess the association between metabolic parameters and glioblastoma recurrence. Compared to FNTRRs, FTRRs exhibited a higher Cho/Cr ratio, higher Cho/NAA ratio, and lower NAA/Cr ratio. Both Cho/NAA and Cho/Cr ratios were recognized as risk factors in univariate and multivariate analyses (P < 0.05). The Cox regression model indicated that Cho/NAA > 1.99 and Cho/Cr > 1.73 are independent risk factors for early glioblastoma recurrence. Based on these cut-off values, patients were stratified into low-risk and high-risk groups, with a statistically significant difference in recurrence rates between the two groups (P < 0.01). The Cho/NAA and Cho/Cr ratios in NEPTRs are independent predictors of future glioblastoma recurrence. Specifically, Cho/NAA > 1.99 and/or Cho/Cr > 1.73 in NEPTRs may indicate a higher risk of early postoperative recurrence at these regions.
PURPOSE: To assess visual outcomes and stability of lens alignment more than 3 years after implanting either the AT Lisa Tri Toric (Carl Zeiss Meditec) or the Acrysof IQ Restor Toric (Alcon Laboratories, Inc) intraocular lens (IOL).
METHODS: Patients who had received either the AT Lisa Tri Toric or the Acrysof IQ Restor Toric IOL were included in the study. The average follow-up period was 5.4 years for the AT Lisa Tri Toric group and 7.9 years for the Acrysof IQ Restor group. The examinations covered included: subjective refraction, monocular and binocular corrected and uncorrected visual acuity at far (4 m), intermediate (75 cm), and near (40 cm) distances, binocular best-corrected defocus curve analysis (4 m), contrast sensitivity evaluation, assessment of IOL axial position, and presence of positive dysphotopsia.
RESULTS: A total of 42 eyes were evaluated. Both groups exhibited good long-term lens axial stability. The AT Lisa Tri Toric group had a mean misalignment of 4.8 ± 3.2° from the preoperatively determined axis, whereas the Acrysof IQ Restor Toric group had an average misalignment of 5.4 ± 4.5° (no statistically significant difference, P = .578). Mean achieved spherical equivalent was -0.19 ± 0.36 diopters (D) for the AT Lisa Tri Toric group and 0.15 ± 0.39 D for the Acrysof IQ Restor Toric group. In the AT Lisa Tri Toric group, 18 eyes (72%) achieved an uncorrected distance visual acuity of 0.10 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (20/25 Snellen) or better, compared to 15 eyes (88%) in the Acrysof IQ Restor Toric group. Overall, 21 eyes (84%) in the AT Lisa Tri Toric group and 14 eyes (83%) in the Acrysof IQ Restor Toric group achieved a postoperative spherical equivalent refraction between -0.50 and +0.50 D.
CONCLUSIONS: Both the AT Lisa Tri Toric and the Acrysof IQ Restor Toric IOLs showed good long-term stability and functional outcomes. They proved to be effective options for restoring vision at far, intermediate, and near distances, providing a viable solution for presbyopia correction even several years after implantation. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(11):e845-e853.].
All subjects will first be given a priming dose of alcohol containing vodka designed to raise the blood alcohol content based on weight and gender. Blood alcohol content will first be measured with three commercial smartphone-paired breathalyzers: Drivesafe Evoc, Alcohoot, and BacTrack Pro which will be tested in a randomized order and recorded. Participants blood alcohol content will also be measured using the Intoxilyzer 240, a police grade breathalyzer device After the tertiary dose of alcohol, a nurse will perform a blood draw on the participants, which will be used to determine blood alcohol content.
IMPORTANCE: Antemortem infection is a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)-the leading postneonatal cause of infant mortality in the developed world. Manifestations of infection and inflammation are not always apparent in clinical settings or by standard autopsy; thus, enhanced resolution approaches are needed.
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether a subset of SIDS cases is associated with neuroinflammation and occult infection.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this case-control study, postmortem fluids from SIDS cases and controls collected between July 2011 and November 2018 were screened for elevated inflammatory markers, specifically cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neopterin and CSF and serum cytokines. CSF, liver, and brain tissue from SIDS cases with elevated CSF neopterin were subjected to metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to probe for infectious pathogens. Brainstem tissue from a subset of these cases was analyzed by single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) to measure cell type-specific gene expression associated with neuroinflammation and infection. All tissue and fluid analyses were performed from April 2019 to January 2023 in a pathology research laboratory. Included was autopsy material from infants dying of SIDS and age-matched controls dying of known causes.
EXPOSURES: There were no interventions or exposures.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: CSF neopterin levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Cytokines were measured by multiplex fluorometric assay. mNGS was performed on liver, CSF, brain, and brainstem tissue. snRNAseq was performed on brainstem tissue.
RESULTS: A cohort of 71 SIDS cases (mean [SD] age, 55.2 [11.4] postconceptional weeks; 42 male [59.2%]) and 20 controls (mean [SD] age, 63.2 [16.9] postconceptional weeks; 11 male [55.0%]) had CSF and/or serum available. CSF neopterin was screened in 64 SIDS cases and 15 controls, with no exclusions. Tissues from 6 SIDS cases were further analyzed. For CSF neopterin measures, SIDS samples were from infants with mean (SD) age of 54.5 (11.3) postconceptional weeks (38 male [59.4%]) and control samples were from infants with mean (SD) age of 61.5 (17.4) postconceptional weeks (7 male [46.7%]). A total of 6 SIDS cases (9.3%) with high CSF neopterin were identified, suggestive of neuroinflammation. mNGS detected human parechovirus 3 (HPeV3) in tissue and CSF from 1 of these 6 cases. snRNAseq of HPeV3-positive brainstem tissue (medulla) revealed dramatic enrichment of transcripts for genes with predominately inflammatory functions compared with 3 age-matched SIDS cases with normal CSF neopterin levels.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Next-generation molecular tools in autopsy tissue provide novel insight into pathogens that go unrecognized by normal autopsy methodology, including in infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly.
The components of SNS include a quadripolar lead wire that is placed adjacent to a sacral nerve root (typically S3), and an implantable pulse generator (IPG) that the lead wire is attached to. The IPG provides the electrical impulse and has several parameters that are amenable to adjustment including rate, strength and length of stimulation. Additionally, the stimulation can be programmed to be continuous or cyclic. If the therapy is equally efficacious at both settings, the cyclic setting has the advantage of resulting in a longer battery life. This would prolong the time interval between IPG replacements which would reduce the number of times a patient is exposed to a surgical procedure and may have a substantial impact on reducing cost to the healthcare system.

Participants will be randomized into one of two groups: either cyclic stimulation or continuous stimulation after IPG placement and will continue with this setting for four weeks. Subjects will return to the office 4 weeks post-op. They will complete a 3-day consecutive voiding diary just prior to their study visit. The subject will then undergo reprogramming to change the stimulation to the alternate pattern (from cyclic to continuous or vice versa as appropriate) keeping all other parameters the same. Subjects will be asked to return to the office 4 weeks after being switched to the alternate setting. She will complete a 3-day consecutive voiding diary just prior to the visit. The subject will also be asked their preference of mode of stimulation and the reason for their choice. After this visit, the participant will be switched to the mode of stimulation that is most efficacious for her.
Patients receive carbon C 11 Glutamine (11C-glutamine) IV and undergo PET imaging over 120 minutes. Beginning 2 hours to 7 days after 11C-glutamine PET, patients receive fluorine F 18 L-glutamate derivative BAY94-9392 (18F-FSPG) IV and also undergo PET imaging over 120 minutes. During each of the 11C-Glutamine and 18F-FSPG PET/CT scans, venous blood draws will be performed.
BACKGROUND: Burn patients are at high risk of developing secondary invasive fungal infections due to their compromised skin barrier, extensive use of antibiotics, and immunosuppression.
OBJECTIVES: We investigated demographic characteristics and clinical factors associated with Candida infections in intensive care unit (ICU) burn patients, and the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of species of isolates.
METHODS: A total of 353 burn patients admitted to three major ICUs of burn centers in Iran were evaluated between 2021 and 2023. Patients were considered as colonisation and candidemia. Demographic characteristics, burn-related factors, and clinical conditions were compared among the groups. Furthermore, we identified fungi at the species level and performed antifungal susceptibility testing according to CLSI guidelines.
RESULTS: Overall, 46.2% of patients were colonised with a Candida species, leading to candidemia in 15.3%. The most frequently isolated species from candidemia and burn wound colonisation were Candida parapsilosis (37.0%) and Candida albicans (31.9%), respectively. Risk factors linked to candidemia included larger total body surface area (TBSA) (>50%), older patients, indwelling catheters, diabetes, and an extended ICU stay. Mortality rate was higher among candidemia patients (82.5%) compared to colonised patients (7.3%). The resistance rate of the strains isolated from candidemia to fluconazole and voriconazole was 28% and 18.2%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: We found that a higher percentage of TBSA burn injuries, longer hospital stays, and catheterization are important predictors of candidemia. The mortality rate was significantly higher in people infected with non-albicans Candida species. Prevention and treatment strategies for candidemia should be based on updated, regional epidemiological data.
NPC is a common type cancer in Macau and Southern China. The role of PD-L1 in NPC remains controversial. There many reasons behind these inconsistent findings. We used the SP263 antibody with the standard cut off value of 1% and 5%, which is frequently used for lung cancer and other cancer types. We also plan to include over 150 patients, which will be the largest study in NPC. This will help us to gain insights in NPC.
Epidural and subdural hematomas are commonly associated with traumatic brain injury. While surgical removal is the primary intervention for these hematomas, it is also critical to prevent and reduce complications such as post-traumatic epilepsy, which may result from inflammatory responses in the injured brain areas. In the present study, we observed that high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) decreased in the injured brain area beneath the epidural hematoma (EDH) in rats, concurrent with elevated plasma levels of HMGB1. Anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody therapy strongly inhibited both HMGB1 release and the subsequent increase in plasma levels. Moreover, this treatment suppressed the up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines and related molecules such as interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the injured areas. Our in vitro experiments using SH-SY5Y demonstrated that hematoma components-thrombin, heme, and ferrous ion- prompted HMGB1 translocation from the nuclei to the cytoplasm, a process inhibited by the addition of the anti-HMGB1 mAb. These findings suggest that anti-HMGB1 mAb treatment not only inhibits HMGB1 translocation but also curtails inflammation in injured areas, thereby protecting the neural tissue. Thus, anti-HMGB1 mAb therapy could serve as a complementary therapy for an EDH before/after surgery.
Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are some of the most prevalent and serious birth defects, representing a major global health problem. With a prevalence of 9.1 for 1000 live births, the CHD are the leading causes of birth defects associated with morbidity, mortality, and medical expenditures. Currently, 1.3 million children live with a CHD worldwide (3), and approximately 90% of them can survive into adulthood. In this scenario, the transition from childhood to adulthood is one of the most complex and delicate part of life for CHD patients. The multi-disciplinary standardized interventions to educate and support patients with CHD, described as "Transition Clinic" (TC), represent a key element in delivering care for patients during the transition from childhood to adulthood. However, most recent literature focuses on the CHD childhood clinical management or the CHD adulthood challenges (i.e., GUCH challenges). Thus, the attention to exploring the peculiarities of the transition period from childhood to adulthood in patients with CHD is underinvestigated by the lack of experimental studies \[i.e. randomized controlled trial (RCT)\] as the published evidence is related to the assessment of effects of the same model on outcomes without a control arm (pre-post test study design).
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) has demonstrated variable efficacy in alleviating low back pain (LBP) associated with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Sinuvertebral nerve ablation (SNA), which targets the nociceptive pathway implicated in discogenic LBP pathogenesis, has emerged as a potential adjunctive therapy. The efficacy of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation in enhancing PELD for the treatment of LBP in patients with LDH remains unclear.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on LDH patients with concomitant LBP treated at the Spinal Surgery Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, from June 2020 to June 2023. Participants were categorized into two groups: PELD combined with SNA (n = 51) and PELD alone (n = 46). Primary outcome measures included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at baseline and 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups.
RESULTS: Both groups exhibited significant improvements in VAS, JOA, and ODI scores for LBP and leg pain postoperatively compared to preoperative assessments. Notably, the PELD combined with SNA group demonstrated statistically significant superior outcomes in VAS, JOA, and ODI scores specifically for LBP compared to the PELD group.
CONCLUSION: The combination of PELD with SNA significantly improves LBP outcomes compared to PELD alone in LDH patients. While the observed improvements did not reach the minimal clinically important differences (MICD), these findings suggest that SNA may enhance the efficacy of PELD in LBP management.