anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Advances in diabetes medication and population aging are lengthening the lifespans of people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Older patients with diabetes mellitus often have multimorbidity and tend to have polypharmacy. In addition, diabetes mellitus is associated with frailty, functional decline, cognitive impairment, and geriatric syndrome. Although the numbers of patients with frailty, dementia, disability, and/or multimorbidity are increasing worldwide, the accumulated evidence on the safe and effective treatment of these populations remains insufficient. Older patients, especially those older than 75 years old, are often underrepresented in randomized controlled trials of various treatment effects, resulting in limited clinical evidence for this population. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the characteristics of older patients is essential to tailor management strategies to their needs. The clinical guidelines of several academic societies have begun to recognize the importance of relaxing glycemic control targets to prevent severe hypoglycemia and to maintain quality of life. However, glycemic control levels are thus far based on expert consensus rather than on robust clinical evidence. There is an urgent need for the personalized management of older adults with diabetes mellitus that considers their multimorbidity and function and strives to maintain a high quality of life through safe and effective medical treatment. Older adults with diabetes mellitus accompanied by frailty, functional decline, cognitive impairment, and multimorbidity require special management considerations and liaison with both carers and social resources.
INTRODUCTION: Modafinil is used as a countermeasure to limit the effects of fatigue in military aviation. However, literature is conflicting about its negative effects on subsequent sleep.METHODS: This randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted by the Center of Man in Aviation of the Royal Netherlands Airforce is part of a larger study. It included 32 subjects (mean age 35 yr old, 84% male) who followed a normal daily routine and stayed awake the subsequent night. At midnight, all subjects received either 300 mg caffeine, 200 mg modafinil, or placebo. At the end of the test night, subjects were awake for a median period of 26 h. Afterwards, sleep questionnaires containing qualitative (Groningen Sleep Quality Scale) and quantitative parameters of sleep for the subsequent day (recovery sleep) and consecutive night (post-test sleep) were completed and statistically analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank tests.RESULTS: A statistically significant difference in the reported recovery sleep was observed. The modafinil group slept 30% shorter than placebo, but sleep efficiency was not statistically different. Quantitatively post-test sleep did not vary statistically significantly between the three groups. However, Groningen Sleep Quality Scale scores were lower post-test than pre-test in the modafinil group, while this was not the case in the caffeine and placebo group.DISCUSSION:This study found that modafinil subjectively does not negatively impact recovery sleep or subsequent nighttime sleep after an extended period of wakefulness and suggests it may decrease the need for recovery sleep compared to placebo or caffeine.Wingelaar-Jagt YQ, Wingelaar TT, Riedel WJ, Ramaekers JG. Modafinil subjectively does not impair sleep in aviators after a period of extended wakefulness. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(6):290-296.
Therapeutic anticoagulation will be required for at least 3 weeks prior to ablation. An MRA will be performed to define cardiac and PV anatomy. Standard ablation technique will be employed. After gaining venous access, double transseptal puncture will be performed to permit left atrial access, guided by intracardiac ultrasound. A circular mapping catheter will be placed in each PV and any reconnections will be ablated by delivery of RF energy. Confirmation of re-isolation of all PVs will be performed at the conclusion of the procedure.
Chronic hand eczema is a frequent chronic inflammatory skin disease which may have significant physical, psychological and social impact on daily activities, emotional and social life as well as work. In Chronic hand eczema, there is a close relationship between atopic dermatitis (that involves 70% of patients), sensitization to environmental antigens and irritant triggering factors. There are limited treatment options for Chronic hand eczema refractory to highly potent topical steroids. The only systemic treatment labelled in Chronic hand eczema, alitretinoin, is associated with moderate efficacy, high drop-out due to adverse events and it requires strict contraception measures in women of child bearing potential. Dupilumab has recently demonstrated high efficacy and good safety profile in the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. There is a crucial need of developing new treatment options in Chronic hand eczema refractory to topical therapy. the investigators hypothesise that Dupilumab will also have high efficacy and good safety profile in the treatment of moderate to severe Chronic hand eczema refractory to highly potent topical corticosteroids.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vaginal dilation therapy on vaginal length, vaginal stenosis, vaginal elasticity, and sexual function of endometrial cancer patients treated with radiotherapy after surgery.
METHODS: A total of 117 women were enrolled in this study. They received 6 months of vaginal dilation therapy. We evaluated their vaginal length, vaginal diameter, vaginal elasticity, and sexual function before radiotherapy, after radiotherapy, and after 6 months of vaginal dilation therapy. Their vaginal condition was assessed by customized vaginal dilating molds. Their sexual function was assessed by female sexual function index. The SPSS 25 software was used to analyze all the data.
RESULTS: According to multivariate analysis, vaginal diameter (β = 0.300, 95% CI [0.217-1.446], p = 0.010) and sexual intercourse frequency before diagnosis (β = 0.424, 95% CI [0.164-0.733], p = 0.006) were significantly correlated with female sexual function after radiotherapy. Vaginal dilation therapy helped increase vaginal length, improve vaginal stenosis and sexual function (p < 0.05), though most of the figures at the end of the intervention did not fully return to those before radiotherapy. Noticeably, vaginal dilation therapy was ineffective in improving vaginal elasticity and the incidence rate of female sexual dysfunction (p > 0.05). Moreover, patients with medium or good vaginal elasticity benefited more from vaginal dilation therapy than patients with poor vaginal elasticity (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Vaginal dilation therapy should be carried out timely and preventatively in endometrial cancer patients treated with radiotherapy after surgery to improve their vaginal condition and sexual function.
SHR3824 10 mg/day or placebo. The actual dose (mg) level selected for each cohort may be modified based on evaluation of preliminary safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data from previous cohorts.
The investigators will identify surgical patients placed on fixed dose heparin infusions at their attending surgeon's discretion-the proposed research will not dictate the initiation of the heparin drip intraoperatively. However, the investigators will identify patients already on heparin, evaluate steady state heparin anti-Xa levels and adjust patient's dose if necessary based on steady state anti-Xa levels. Eligible patients will be started on heparin fixed-dose intraoperatively and transitioned to a weight-based dose by their surgeons. Steady state anti-Xa levels will be drawn at least 6 hours after initiation of heparin infusion. Goal anti-Xa levels will be 0.1-0.35 IU/mL.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a liquid antacid composition not containing an antiseptic by making the composition contain calcium chloride and a pH adjusting agent. SOLUTION: This composition contains (A) 2-40 (W/V)% of calcium chloride, (B) 0.02-10 (W/V)% of a pH adjusting agent capable of keeping pH of an antacid pharmacy at >=9, and an excipient, as necessary. Preferably, the composition contains 100-2,000 mg/5 ml of calcium chloride and 1-500 mg/5 ml of the pH adjusting agent. The pH of a final product is adjusted within the range of 9-12.5. As the pH adjusting agent, magnesium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium carbonate dihydroxyaluminum, etc., is used. The liquid antacid composition is perorally administered to neutralize excess gastric acid, and is also useful for therapy of gastrointestinal injury such as acid maldigestion, heartburn, maldigestion, acidic stomach and regurgitant esophagitis.
Screening for dry eye symptoms and quantifying dry eye symptoms aids in assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments such as the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI-12) are utilized for assessing patients' subjective experiences and functional abilities. The OSDI-12 comprises of 12-item and is often used in conjunction with other tests in clinical settings to assess individuals with DE. Created in 1997, the original OSDI consisted of 12 items and was designed to evaluate subjective dry eye symptoms and the consequences of DED on vision-related activities of daily life over the preceding week. The 12 items are grouped into three subscales: ocular symptoms (three items), vision-related functions (six items), and environmental triggers (three items). While the original version of the OSDI-12 questionnaire was created in English and was later translated and validated into other languages, it should be used carefully since the cutoff values vary among various languages (27.2 points for the Chinese version and 36.3 points for the Japanese version) . Recent research using Rasch analysis found that separating answer items into four categories by merging "half of the time" and "most of the time" might lead to higher thresholds and better intervals in each category. The OSDI-12 total score is calculated using the formula: \[(sum of scores for all questions answered) × 100\]/ \[(total number of questions answered) × 4\]. Ocular Surface Disease Index-6 (OSDI-6) is a derivative and shortened version of the original OSDI-12 and can potentially improve efficiency in a busy clinical setting.
Recent findings in animals have challenged the traditional view of the cerebellum solely as the site of motor control, suggesting that the cerebellum may also be important for learning to predict reward from trial-and-error feedback. Yet, evidence for the role of the cerebellum in reward learning in humans is lacking. Moreover, open questions remain about which specific aspects of reward learning the cerebellum may contribute to. Here we address this gap through an investigation of multiple forms of reward learning in individuals with cerebellum dysfunction, represented by cerebellar ataxia cases. Nineteen participants with cerebellar ataxia and 57 age- and sex-matched healthy controls completed two separate tasks that required learning about reward contingencies from trial-and-error. To probe the selectivity of reward learning processes, the tasks differed in their underlying structure: while one task measured incremental reward learning ability alone, the other allowed participants to use an alternative learning strategy based on episodic memory alongside incremental reward learning. We found that individuals with cerebellar ataxia were profoundly impaired at reward learning from trial-and-error feedback on both tasks, but retained the ability to learn to predict reward based on episodic memory. These findings provide evidence from humans for a specific and necessary role for the cerebellum in incremental learning of reward associations based on reinforcement. More broadly, the findings suggest that alongside its role in motor learning, the cerebellum likely operates in concert with the basal ganglia to support reinforcement learning from reward.
1,3-butane diol thioglycollate comprises an isomer mixt. of 3-hydroxybutyl monothioglycollate of formula (I) and 3-hydroxy-1-methyl propyl monothioglycollate of formula (II). Also claimed, use of an isomer mixt. of 3-hydroxybutyl monothioglycollate and 3-hydroxy-1-methyl propyl monothioglycollate as reducing agent for permanently waving human hair. Also claimed, compsn. for permanently waving human hair comprising (I) and (II).
Pegcetacoplan significantly improves outcomes for patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) experiencing extravascular hemolysis (EVH) on eculizumab, leading to approval in 2021/2022 (USA/Europe). We report the first collaborative real-world evidence on pegcetacoplan use in UK and France. A total of 48 patients were either currently receiving or previously received pegcetacoplan (2019-2023). A total of 12 patients had participated in the PEGASUS clinical trial, continuing treatment after trial completion. Five patients were on combination treatment of C5 inhibition and pegcetacoplan. Mean pegcetacoplan duration was 20.2 months. Indication for pegcetacoplan was EVH on C5 inhibitors (Eculizumab, n = 29, Ravulizumab n = 16, others n = 3) with 35/48 patients requiring blood transfusion within the previous 12 months. Mean hemoglobin and reticulocyte count at pegcetacoplan commencement and after 3 months: 91 g/L and 205 × 109/L and 115.8 g/L and 107 × 109/L, respectively, resulting in mean Hb change of 22.3 g/L. Mean LDH pre- and post-pegcetacoplan was unchanged. Six patients have stopped pegcetacoplan. A total of 32 breakthrough hemolysis (BTH) events occurred in 13/48 patients. A total of 14 events were within clinical trials (reported separately). Six patients experienced 18 acute BTH events outside clinical trials, 7/18 associated with complement activating conditions. Successful clinical management included daily pegcetacoplan subcutaneously for 3 days or single eculizumab doses; these events are manageable with prompt intervention. Pegcetacoplan is effective for patients with PNH experiencing EVH. In this large patient cohort, treatment was well tolerated with improved hemoglobin and reticulocytes and maintained LDH control. Although BTH occurs, this is manageable by acute dose modification, with the majority of patients being maintained on pegcetacoplan.
The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) plays an important role in tumor progression. However, its biological and clinical significance in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains unknown. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine HA expression in tissues from PTC patients. Two PTC cell lines were treated with HA synthesized inhibitor against HA production to assess its function. Serum HA levels from 107 PTC patients, 30 Hashimoto thyroiditis patients, and 45 normal controls (NC) were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. HA levels in fine needle aspiration (FNA) washouts obtained from thyroid nodules and lymph nodes (LNs) were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Area under the curve (AUC) was computed to evaluate HA's clinical value. HA was highly expressed in PTC. Reducing HA production significantly inhibited PTC cell proliferation and invasion. Importantly, serum HA levels in PTC were significantly higher than those in NCs and Hashimoto thyroiditis and allowed distinguishing of thyroid cancers from NCs with high accuracy (AUC = 0.782). Moreover, elevated serum HA levels in PTC correlate with LN metastasis. HA levels in FNA washouts from PTC patients were significantly higher than those in benign controls, with a high AUC value (0.8644) for distinguishing PTC from benign controls. Furthermore, HA levels in FNA washouts from metastatic LN were significantly higher than those in nonmetastatic LN, with a high AUC value (0.8007) for distinguishing metastatic LNs from nonmetastatic LNs. HA levels in serum and FNA washout exhibited a potential significance for PTC diagnosis and an indicator for LN metastasis in patients with PTC.
There will be 4 age-based cohorts. Participants will be enrolled concurrently in Cohorts 1 and 2 followed by sequential enrollment of Cohorts 3, 4. Cohort 1: \>= 12 to \< 18 years: bedaquiline (TMC207) tablet orally as 400 mg, once daily(qd),for first 2 weeks, followed by TMC207, 200 mg 3 times per week (tiw) for 22 weeks; Cohort 2: \>=5 to \<12 years: TMC207 tablet given orally as 200 mg, qd, for first 2 weeks, followed by TMC207, 100 mg, tiw for 22 weeks. Cohort 3: \>=2 to \<5 years: TMC207 8 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) qd for the first 2 weeks, followed by TMC207 4 mg/kg tiw for 22 weeks. Cohort 4: 0 months to \<2 years: TMC207 dose will be selected based on the results from the previous cohorts 1, 2 and 3. TMC207 will be given in combination with Background Regimen for Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) according to WHO/National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) guidelines/current standard of care.
After oral administration of therapeutic doses of amlodipine, absorption produces peak plasma concentrations between 6 and 12 hours. Absolute bioavailability has been estimated to be between 64 and 90%. The bioavailability of amlodipine is not altered by the presence of food.

Amlodipine is extensively (about 90%) converted to inactive metabolites via hepatic metabolism with 10% of the parent compound and 60% of the metabolites excreted in the urine. Ex vivo studies have shown that approximately 93% of the circulating drug is bound to plasma proteins in hypertensive patients. Elimination from the plasma is biphasic with a terminal elimination half-life of about 30-50 hours. Steady-state plasma levels of amlodipine are reached after 7 to 8 days of consecutive daily dosing.

The pharmacokinetics of amlodipine are not significantly influenced by renal impairment. Patients with renal failure may therefore receive the usual initial dose.

Elderly patients and patients with hepatic insufficiency have decreased clearance of amlodipine with a resulting increase in AUC of approximately 40-60%, and a lower initial dose may be required. A similar increase in AUC was observed in patients with moderate to severe heart failure.
The goal of this research is to develop and test potential intervention messages which can be used to help increase colon cancer prevention behaviors. Two sets of intervention messages will be developed: generic and behavioral. Using a randomized control design the investigators will evaluate the behavioral messages among women. This message testing protocol will help them determine if the messages are relevant, acceptable, comprehensible, memorable, and motivating for the target audience. The investigators' hypothesis is that the behavioral messages will receive more positive ratings than the generic messages. If so, they will be used to promote cancer screening and physical activity in future intervention studies.
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of a nurse-led disease management education program in AS on patient compliance, disease activity, functional capacity, kinesiophobia, and quality of life. A total of 122 patients diagnosed with AS according to the modified New York criteria were included in the study. The intervention group received nurse-led individualized disease management education. After the education, the group was contacted by telephone six times for 12 weeks to monitor the results. Patient education was provided through booklets and videos. In the control group, no interventions were performed other than routine clinical procedures.Patients were assessed using the same scales at baseline and end of the week 12.
Prepn. of carbamic acid in aq. soln. form CO2 and N2 using liquid catalysts comprises (a) leading a gaseous stream of CO2 and N2 opt. contg. O2 and/or oxides of N in finely divided form through a liquid mixed catalyst consisting of nitric acid and one or more non-volatile acids and water at 20-100 deg.C in a reactor; and (b) leading the gaseous stream, after it has left the catalyst bath, into a water bath in which the carbamic acid is formed from its anhydride by hydrolysis. USE/ADVANTAGE - The process produces carbamic acid without the need to use N-contg. starting material, e.g. ammonia, a primary amine or isocyanate. The carbamic acid produced in aq. soln. can be used to heal wounds on animals and humans and reduces pain. Also can be used as a plant nutrient above ground or under water. The process can be fixed to a combustion process or other CO2 source so that the CO2 emissions to the atmosphere are immediately, economically and permanently reduced by more than 60%. The aq. carbamic acid solns. can also be used in the prepn. of proteins, vitamins, enzymes, hormones, medicaments etc. both internally and externally to plants and organisms.
The respiratory pathogen nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is the most common cause of exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), of which an excessive inflammatory response is a hallmark. With the limited success of current medicines there is an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutics that are both safe and effective. In this study, we explored the regulatory potential of pomegranate-derived peptides Pug-1, Pug-2, Pug-3, and Pug-4 on NTHi-induced inflammation. Our results clearly showed that to varying degrees the Pug peptides inhibited NTHi-induced production of IL-1β, a pivotal cytokine in COPD, and showed that these effects were not related to cytotoxicity. Pug-4 peptide exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity. This was demonstrated in all studied cell types including murine (RAW264.7) and human (differentiated THP-1) macrophages as well as human lung epithelial cells (A549). Substantial reduction by Pug-4 of TNF-α, NO and PGE2 in NTHi-infected A549 cells was also observed. In addition, Pug-4 strongly inhibited the expression of nuclear-NF-κB p65 protein and the NF-κB target genes (determined by IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression) in NTHi-infected A549 cells. Pug-4 suppressed the expression of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β proteins and inhibited NTHi-mediated cleavage of caspase-1 and mature IL-1β. These results demonstrated that Pug-4 inhibited NTHi-induced inflammation through the NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our findings herein highlight the significant anti-inflammatory activity of Pug-4, a newly identified peptide from pomegranate, against NTHi-induced inflammation. We therefore strongly suggest the potential of the Pug-4 peptide as an anti-inflammatory medicine candidate for treatment of NTHi-mediated inflammation.
The invention relates to pharmaceutical industry and can be used when separating alkaloids from medicinal plant raw material in order to prepare ready-to-use pharmaceuticals. A process for the preparation of alkaloids provides for removal of lipophilic compounds from air-dried plant raw material by means of subcritical liquefied gas of group of alkans or fluoro- or flurochloroderivatives thereof, preferably isobutane or difluorochloromethane. Liquefied ammonia or alkylamines, or mixtures thereof with dimethyl ether are used as a polar cosolvent in amount of 1-50 wt. %, preferably 10-15 wt. %, of total extractant weight. First purification stage of initial extract is carried out in the liquid-liquid system, which one phase is subcritical liquefied gas, and another phase is 5-10% aqueous solution of sulphuric or hydrochloric, or orthophosphoric acid, wherein acidic aqueous phase is a target one, filtration of the target liquid phase in the separator is performed under pressure of subcritical liquefied gas saturated vapor. Second stage of purification is carried out in the separator(s) by extraction in the liquid-liquid system with simultaneous neutralization of acid medium using mixture of subcritical solvents, preferably fluorosubstituted alkans of C-Cseries or azeotropic mixtures thereof, with liquefied ammonia taken in amount sufficient to provide alkaline medium with PH not less than 9.0. The process can be used for the preparation of isoquinoline alkaloids, preferably of protoberberine series, and roots and/or bark, and/or leafs of plants Berberis genus, preferably Berberis vulgaris, can be used as raw material.