anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Androgenetic alopecia is a common, androgen-induced, pattern of progressive loss of scalp hair with an onset at any age after puberty in genetically predisposed people. The influence of androgens on scalp hair growth is mediated by local and systemic conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone , by the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase. 5 alpha-reductase has been shown to exist as 2 isoenzyme forms, Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 is predominantly located in the skin, both in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands, and is also found in the liver and kidney . Type 2 is the dominant form in male genitalia, including the prostate, although it has also been reported to be present in the inner root sheath of the hair follicle. The presence of both isoenzymes in the hair follicles suggests that both forms are likely to be important in the pathogenesis and treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Inhibition of both Type 1 and Type 2 5 alpha-reductase may be expected to more effectively reduce systemic and local dihydrotestosterone levels than inhibition of either isoenzyme alone.

Finasteride is a selective Type 2 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor that is currently the only approved oral treatment for androgenetic alopecia worldwide. Dutasteride inhibits both Type 1 and Type 2 5alpha-reductase and is approved in more than 80 countries for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, and in Korea for the treatment of hair loss. Dutasteride is approximately 3 times as potent as finasteride at inhibiting Type 2 5 alpha-reductase and more than 100 times as potent at inhibiting Type 1 5 alpha-reductase.

In a Phase II double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study (ARIA2004) conducted in the United States, dutasteride demonstrated significant increases in target area hair count, as compared with placebo, as early as 12 weeks. In a Phase III double- blind, placebo-controlled clinical study conducted in Korea, dutasteride 0.5 milligram (mg) demonstrated significant increases in target area hair count, as compared with placebo, at 24 weeks. This 6 month study is being conducted to provide additional evidence of the efficacy and safety of three doses of dutasteride (0.02, 0.1 and 0.5mg) in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, and more specifically, to characterize the dose-response relationship in an ethnically-diverse population. Treatment arms will be equally balanced with approximately 180 per arm.
Two groups will be randomly prepared, the Short group and the Standard group. In the Short group, one 4 mm long and 4.1 mm in diameter implant (extra-short implant) will be installed in each side of the posterior region of the maxilla. In the Standard group, bilateral sinus floor elevations will be performed. After 4 months of healing, one 10 mm long and 4.1 mm in diameter implant (standard implant) will be installed into each augmented sinus. In the frontal region, four 10 mm long implants will be installed in both groups. Clinical assessments and x-rays will be taken at prosthesis delivering (6-8 weeks after implant installation), and after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.
BACKGROUND: Clinical research in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has often focussed on communicable diseases. However, with the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), there is a need for Africa-specific NCD research.
METHODS: GSK established the Africa NCD Open Lab in 2014. Three calls for proposals were advertised through various media channels. An external independent scientific advisory board, predominantly representing African scientists and NCD experts, reviewed and selected projects to receive funding. An additional programme in the Africa NCD Open Lab was designed to build statistical capability by supporting training initiatives. We assessed the impact of the Africa NCD Open Lab in three ways: scientific quality with impact; research training and professional development; and research environments. We captured metrics through regular reports/interactions with researchers; via a final report; and through exit interviews with principal investigators.
RESULTS: Twenty projects in 11 African countries were funded; reports from 18 completed projects are available (data capture is ongoing). Overall, 139 articles have been published in peer-reviewed journals and other data have been presented at conferences and other forums. Most completed projects led to positive outcomes, such as further research, informing policy, or positively impacting clinical care, including three projects that saw changes to regional or national practice guidelines: the CREOLE study in Nigeria; the African Severe Asthma Program in Uganda; and the African Prospective Study on the Early Detection and Identification of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension in South Africa. Participation in the Africa NCD Open Lab led to the award of 34 grants related to or influenced by increased research capacity or experience. Significant professional development related to the projects also occurred with higher-level degrees being awarded, including 30 MScs, 30 PhDs, and nine postdoctoral fellowships. Through these projects, research capacity was strengthened across the region by equipping core research facilities, training research staff, strengthening research support services, and supporting the expansion of investigator networks.
CONCLUSIONS: The completed Africa NCD Open Lab projects demonstrate high-quality research outcomes addressing important health challenges with potential benefits to African populations. Based on the success of the Africa NCD Open Lab, additional funding has been secured to extend the Open Lab initiative.
YELLOW II is a single site study and will assess the regression of plaque lipid content and changes in plaque morphology from atherosclerotic lesions after high-dose statin therapy by utilizing NIRS, IVUS and optical coherency tomography (OCT) imaging modalities in the coronary arteries. We propose to image non-culprit coronary lesions using these modalities in patients with two or three diseased coronary vessels deemed to warrant intervention on clinical grounds. Thus, at the time of enrolment patients will undergo Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) of a non-study culprit lesion, and triple-modality imaging of the potential non-culprit ('YELLOW') lesion. If there is high baseline lipid content in the non-culprit YELLOW lesion (max 4mm LCBI \> 150), patients will be formally entered into this study. Following this, all enrolled subjects will receive high-dose lipid lowering therapy (rosuvastatin 40mg daily). The non-culprit YELLOW lesion will undergo staged intervention 8-12 weeks following study enrolment and baseline imaging. At this time the YELLOW lesion will be reimaged to determine whether high-dose statin therapy caused a reduction in lipid content as assessed by NIRS, and other altered plaque morphology as assessed by OCT and IVUS. In addition, both at baseline and at the time of final non-culprit YELLOW lesion PCI, blood samples will be drawn during baseline and follow-up procedure to characterize reverse cholesterol transport by ability of patient HDL to accept cholesterol from cholesterol-laden (mouse J774) macrophage (cholesterol efflux) and the effect of patient HDL and apolipoprotein A1 on macrophage gene expression and migration.
A pharmaceutical preparation for prophylaxis and/or treatment of acute otitis media (inflammation of the ear) and middle otitis (inflammation of the middle ear) is described, comprising at least one of the microorganism strains Streptococcus sanguis under Accession No. NCIMB 40104, Streptococcus sanguis under Accession No. NCIMB 40873, Streptococcus oralis under Accession No. NCIMB 40875, Streptococcus oralis under Accession No. NCIMB 40876 and Streptococcus mitis under Accession No. NCIMB 40874 and, optionally, other alpha streptococcus strains having essentially the same capacity of inhibiting Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catharralis, in a pharmaceutically acceptable medium, in which the microorganism strains retain their viability.
PURPOSE: The popularity of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is increasing among patients with cirrhosis. Cirrhosis has a major impact on the pharmacokinetics of drugs, potentially increasing adverse events. Safe use of drugs in cirrhosis requires a diligent risk-benefit analysis. The aim of this study is to develop practice recommendations for safe use of DOACs in cirrhosis based on a systematic review of pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety data.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search to identify studies on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of DOACs in cirrhosis. Data were collected and presented in summary tables by severity of cirrhosis using the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) classification. A multidisciplinary expert panel evaluated the results and classified the DOACs according to safety.
RESULTS: Fifty four studies were included. All DOACs were classified as 'no additional risks known' for CTP A. For CTP B, apixaban, dabigatran and edoxaban were classified as 'no additional risks known'. Apixaban and edoxaban showed fewer adverse events in patients with cirrhosis, while dabigatran may be less impacted by severity of cirrhosis based on its pharmacokinetic profile. Rivaroxaban was classified as 'unsafe' in CTP B and C based on significant pharmacokinetic alterations. Due to lack of data, apixaban, dabigatran and edoxaban were classified as 'unknown' for CTP C.
CONCLUSION: DOACs can be used in patients with CTP A cirrhosis, and apixaban, dabigatran and edoxaban can also be used in CTP B. It is recommended to avoid rivaroxaban in CTP B and C. There is insufficient evidence to support safe use of other DOACs in CTP C cirrhosis.
PURPOSE: To eliminate the danger of mistaking solid agents and to assure safety by providing the solid agent with a hermetic container for the solid agents partitioned to three chambers, sealing sodium bicarbonate into one chamber thereof, glucose into another one chamber and sodium chloride, etc., into the remaining one room, respectively in the amt. corresponding to one unit of dialyzate. CONSTITUTION: The hermetic container 10 for the moistureproof solid agents to be used for the solid agents for prepn. of the dialyzate to be used for blood dialysis treatment is partitioned by two partitions 10a, 10b to the chambers 11 to 13. The sodium bicarbonate corresponding to one unit of the dialysate is sealed into the first chamber 11 of the hermetic container 10 for the moistureproof solid agents, the glucose corresponding to one unit of the dialysate into the second chamber 12 of the hermetic container 10 for the moistureproof solid agents and the sodium chloride and other trace components corresponding to one unit of the dialysate into the third chamber 13 of the hermetic container 10 for the moistureproof solid agents, respectively.  The required solid agents are combined into one container in such a manner, by which the danger of mistaking the solid agents is eliminated and the production, distribution and storage are simplified.
Emergency department (ED) is the essential and important front line of medical care provided by the hospital. Child mortality rates remain high globally; mortality rate is a reflection of the severity of illness and the quality of treatment of patients in pediatric emergency departments . In Africa, the childhood mortality rate is 92 per 1000 live births which are 15 times more than that of well-resourced countries. In pediatric departments, early child mortality is commonly caused by preventable and reversible diseases, so urgent treatment and resuscitation are required to avoid poor outcomes . Overcrowding in ED has also been a global urgent problems , overcrowded could be brought by multiple factors as a facility with rapid diagnostic modalities and early initiation of therapy and patients can expect a higher possibility to be admitted to the hospital by the ED attendant . Early identification and treatment of pneumonia, sepsis, heart failure (secondary to anemia), acute respiratory tract infections, and diarrheal diseases has been shown to reduce childhood mortality in acute pediatric hospitals. Critical clinical issues, such as shortness of breath, fast breathing and fever with seizure are some of the preventable causes contributing to childhood mortality. Effective intervention and good emergency care and classification of children requires effort and coordination starting from the bedside up to the governmental level .
Participants in the intervention group will receive a 4 week program delivered via text message. Week 1 will include psychoeducation delivered via brief readings and video. Weeks 2-4 will include daily guided mindfulness practice focusing on self-compassion and weight and body image concerns.
PURPOSE:To obtain a foundation cosmetic capable of improving makeup durability with usability having refreshing feeling by blending a low-viscosity silicone with high-viscosity and/or solid silicone in an oily phase and emulsifying the resultant blend according to a specific method. CONSTITUTION:A foundation cosmetic obtained by adding a hydrophilic surfactant into a water-soluble solvent and blending the resultant solution with a silicone having <=50cP viscosity at 25 deg.C and a silicone having >=500cP viscosity at 25 deg.C and/or a silicone which is a solid at ordinary temperature. The amount of the blended hydrophilic surfactant is 0.01-5wt.% and total amount of the blended water-soluble solvent the hydrophilic surfactant is >=20wt.% based on the oily phase ingredient. The silicones are blended in an amount of >=30wt.% based on the oily phase. Emulsification is performed in the aforementioned oil-water-soluble solvent system as the first stage to prepare an oil-in-water-soluble solvent type emulsion, which is then added to an aqueous phase to stabilize the emulsion as the second stage. Thereby, the objective substance is obtained.
This study will be an open label (all volunteers and study staff know the identity of the assigned treatment), randomized (the treatment is assigned by chance), multiple dose, cross-over study (all volunteers will switch from one treatment to another) to determine how canagliflozin (a drug currently being investigated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus) affects the pharmacokinetics of digoxin (a drug used to treat various heart conditions). Volunteers will be randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment sequence groups: Group AB or Group BA. Volunteers assigned to Group AB will be given Treatment A: digoxin once a day for 7 days. Volunteers assigned to Group BA will be given Treatment B: digoxin and canagliflozin once a day for 7 days. A washout period (when no medication is given) of at least 14 days will follow the first 7-day treatment period. Following the washout period, volunteers will be assigned to the treatment that they did not receive during the first treatment period. This second treatment period will last for 7 days. Each volunteer will participate in the study for approximately 60 days.
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid is made up of a single species of protein called the core antigen (HBcAg) which self-assembles into particles. The particles are highly immunogenic and are able to present heterologous epitopes to the immune system when the epitopes are inserted into a surface-exposed region of the particles called the “e1 loop”. The structural building blocks of the particles are tightly associated dimers of HBcAg in which the adjacent e1 loops are closely juxtaposed. It is proposed that sequences inserted into the e1 loop are conformationally restrained in the assembled particles when presented in monomeric core protein. The invention seeks to solve this problem by covalently linking core proteins as tandem copies (e.g., as dimers) so that insertions can be made independently in each copy. This is particularly useful for insertion of large sequences into the e1 loop because it allows such sequences to be inserted into just one copy of the core protein per tandem repeat, thereby reducing potential conformational clashes in assembly. Alternatively, a different sequence may be inserted into each e1 loop of a tandem repeat, thus increasing the flexibility of HBcAg particles as an epitope delivery system.
The present invention discloses the amino acid and nucleic acid sequences of a new CNGC and Myosin that map to the region of the human chromosome associated with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome. Cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGCs) comprise a family of multimeric protein ion channels that open in response to the binding of a cyclic nucleotide to an intracellular domain. The two new proteins, CNGC-15 and Myosin IXa, are useful in the study, diagnosis and treatment of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome and Usher Syndrome. Other indications that can be treated by CNGC-15 and/or Myosin IXa polypeptides, or agonists or antagonists include hearing loss, retinis pigmentosa, obesity, hypogonadism, sterility, polydactyly, brachydactyly, syndactyly, mental retardation, renal abnormalities, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular abnormalities.Compositions and methods for expressing cyclic nucleotide gated channel-15 (CNGC-15) and Myosin IXa are provided. The compositions comprise CNGC-15 and Myosin IXa polypeptides and derivatives thereof, nucleotide sequences, expression cassettes, transformed cells and antibodies to these polypeptides. Methods for the expression and detection of CNGC-15 and Myosin IXa nucleotides and polypeptides and compositions for the treatment of these conditions are provided.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a hair dyeing composition capable of dyeing the hair easily, simply and gradually, not requiring a hair washing after the hair dyeing treatment, and excellent in preservation stability. SOLUTION: This hair dyeing composition contains 0.001-20wt.% hydroxy compound, 0.0010-10wt.% reducing agent (e.g.; ascorbic acid), 0.001-10wt.% metal compound (e.g.; ferric sulfate) and 1-45vol.% alcohol (e.g.; ethanol). Further, an aerosol agent or a foaming agent is prepared by preferably blending 0.1-10wt.% urea together with a propellant according to the known method. As the hydroxy compound, any one of cobinations of hematoxylin with pyrogallol, hematoxylin with tannic acid, and hematoxylin with pyrogallol and tannic acid, or hematoxylin is used.
Atherosclerosis, a complex inflammatory and metabolic disorder, is the underlying cause of several life-threatening cardiovascular diseases. Stress granules (SG) are biomolecular condensates composed of proteins and mRNA that form in response to stress. Recent studies suggest a potential link between SG and atherosclerosis development. However, there remain gaps in understanding SG role in atherosclerosis development. Here we provide a thorough analysis of the role of SG in atherosclerosis, covering cellular stresses stimulation, core components, and regulatory genes in SG formation. Furthermore, we explore atherosclerosis induced factors such as inflammation, low or oscillatory shear stress (OSS), and oxidative stress (OS) may impact SG formation and then the development of atherosclerotic lesions. We have assessed how changes in SG dynamics impact pro-atherogenic processes like endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism, and immune cell recruitment in atherosclerosis. In summary, this review emphasizes the complex interplay between SG and atherosclerosis that could open innovative directions for targeted therapeutic strategies in preventing or treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
TAK-418 40 mg or TAK-418 matching placebo, capsule, orally, once daily for 10 days. The actual TAK-418 dose for Cohort 3 will be determined based on safety, tolerability, and PK data available from the previous doses.
Participants in The IDBC-only group will be grounded on the HAPA model and piloted by the team. It consists of three phases with 10 face-to-face hourly sessions nested with weekly telephone calls to enhance the participants' adherence to dietary behavioral change. And attend centre-based health talks about the management of different health issues with the exception of sarcopenic obesity.
Stannous monochlortrifluoride (Sn2ClF3) is made by treating a solution of stannous chloride with hydrofluoric acid and crystallizing the solution, in which the solution contains not less than 50 per cent of water by weight and the stannous chloride and hydrofluoric acid are less than 50 per cent by weight. Preferably the water used is oxygen-free, and cooling the warm solution to crystallize at room temperature is effected under an inert atmosphere, e.g. nitrogen or hydrogen.  The tin chloride may be used in anhydrous or hydrated form.  In an example 74 g. Sn Cl2.2H2O are dissolved in 50 g. water at 60 DEG  C. and 13.7 g. of a 48.5 per cent solution of HF is added and mixture allowed to cool.  With lower proportions of water stannous chloro fluoride (SnClF) is also produced in admixture with the monochlor trifluoride.  These compounds may be used to prepare dentifrices (Group VI).ALSO:Dentifrices reducing the formation of caries, contain stannous monochlortrifluoride (Sn2ClF3), stannous chlor fluoride (SnClF) or a mixture thereof (see Group III).  In examples, up to 0.58 per cent by weight of stannous mono chlor trifluoride is mixed with sodium carboxy methyl cellulose; magnesium aluminium silicate, alumina, calcium carbonate or dicalcium phosphate; sodium coconut monoglyceride sulphonate; lauryl alcohol sulphate; water, colour, and a humectant, e.g. spearmint, wintergreen and sweetening agents. Alkyl sulphoacetates, sarcosides and soaps may also be present. Liquid dentifrices may be dispensed from a pressurized container.
Elevated Liver Enzymes

Portia is contraindicated in females with acute viral hepatitis or severe (decompensated) cirrhosis of liver (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). Discontinue Portia if jaundice develops. Acute liver test abnormalities may necessitate the discontinuation of COC use until the liver tests return to normal and COC causation has been excluded.

Liver Tumors

Portia is contraindicated in females with benign or malignant liver tumors (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). COCs increase the risk of hepatic adenomas. An estimate of the attributable risk is 3.3 cases/100,000 COC users. Rupture of hepatic adenomas may cause death from abdominal hemorrhage.

Studies have shown an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in long-term (> 8 years) COC users. The attributable risk of liver cancers in COC users is less than one case per million users.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of heated saline solution during wound cleaning on the intensity of pain related to the procedure, the temperature of the wound bed, and the comfort of patients with chronic wounds. Further, to investigate patient preference in relation to the temperature of the solution used for cleaning.
METHODS: Crossover, single-blind, clinical trial with 32 people with chronic wounds. Providers cleaned the wounds with room temperature and heated saline solution. Participants were randomized into group 1 A/B (heated solution first, room temperature second) or group 2 B/A (room temperature solution first, heated solution second), with a 10-minute washout period. Investigators evaluated pain intensity, wound bed temperature, and patient-reported comfort and preference.
RESULTS: The heated solution was preferred (P = .04) and more often referred to as comfortable (P = .04) by the participants. There was no difference in pain intensity before and after cleaning with room temperature (2.03; P = .155) and heated saline (2.25; P = .44). The heated solution increased the temperature of the wound bed by 0.5 °C.
CONCLUSIONS: Although heating saline solution could be an important comfort measure during dressing changes, quantitatively, the temperature of the solution did not significantly change the temperature of the wound bed nor the intensity of pain patients experienced.