anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
CGD "chronic granulomatous disease is a rare genetically determined disorder aﬀecting the immune system characterized by recurrent and persistent bacterial and fungal infections due to the inability of the body's phagocytic cells (neutrophil and monocytes) to kill certain phagocytosed microorganisms.). CGD is caused by mutations in one of the ﬁve genes coding for NADPH(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ) oxidase subunits. Approximately 70% of cases are caused by mutations in the CYBB gene leading to X-linked CGD, which often causes a severe form of the disease. More than 700 pathogenic mutations in the CYBB gene encoding the gp91-phox protein have been documented. Other biallelic mutations in CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, and NCF4 cause autosomal recessive CGD. In addition, a novel ER-resident transmembrane protein called Eros (essential for reactive oxygen species) that is essential for the regulation of NADPH oxidase and controls the phagocyte respiratory burst was described. A homozygous CYBC1/EROS mutation was associated with the development of CGD Symptoms usually start in infancy or early childhood. Patients with the X-linked form of CGD (60-70% of patients) tend to present earlier and have more severe disease than patients with autosomal recessive forms. Most X-CGD develop failure to thrive,recurrentbacteriallymphadenitis and pneumonia due to catalase-positive organism especially staphylococcus, also skin, liver,and other internal organs abscesses, and osteomyelitis. In addition, CGD patients are more subjected to invasive lifethreatening fungal infections that aﬀect the lungs and bones. Another problem with patients diagnosed with CGD is the excessive inﬂammatory reactions leading to granulomatous lesions that typically aﬀects the bladder and gastrointestinal tract.

The primary diagnostic tests used in CGD functionally assess the NADPH complex in stimulated neutrophils.The dihydrorhodamine (DHR) assay is the gold standard for diagnosing CGD.

To the investigator's knowledge this will be the first study in Assiut University Children's Hospital to discuss the clinical characteristics and immunological profile of pediatric patients diagnosed as CGD in Assiut University Children's Hospital. In fact there is defect in data about CGD in upper Egypt .
Naphthamidines of the general formula <FORM:1074103/C2/1> wherein R and R1 are the same and each is alkyl, and R11 is alkyl having, together with R or R1, a total of 6 to 8 carbon atoms, are prepared by a method analogous to those described in Specifications 619,659, 679,140 and 679,119, by reacting a halomagnesium dialkylamine of formula RR1NMgX (X being halogen), with a 4-alkoxy-a -naphthonitrile, and hydrolising the product.  The halomagnesium dialkylamine may be prepared by reacting a Grignard reagent with the appropriate secondary alkylamine, in ethereal solution, after which the said naphthonitrile is added to the solution and the mixture is then refluxed.  The product is hydrolysed by addition of iced aqueous ammonium chloride solution, to give the aforesaid naphthamidine, which may be purified by distillation, or crystallization of the acid addition salt.  The compound is useful in anthelmintic compositions (see Divisions A5-A6).ALSO:Oral compositions for the treatment of tapeworm infections in domestic animals comprise a naphthamidine of the general formula:  <FORM:1074103/A5-A6/1> or an acid addition salt thereof, wherein R and R\sv are the same and each is an alkyl group, and R\yF is an alkyl group having, together with R or R\sv, a total of 6 to 8 carbon atoms, together with a therapeutically acceptable carrier.  The compositions may take the form of a tablet or film-coated tablet, granules, unit dosage capsules or cachets, a draught or drench which is a suspension or solution of the active agent in aqueous, non-aqueous or emulsified liquid, a dispersible powder, or a feed supplement. Carriers are of conventional type, and include accessory ingredients such as wetting agents, e.g. cetrimide; buffers, e.g. sodium citrate or phosphate; solvents such as ethanol; binders such as methyl cellulose; and nutrient substances.  Examples are given for preparing a tablet, a film-coated tablet, dispersible granules, and a food supplement which also contains vitamins A and D. The following particular naphthamidines are specified: N,N - di-n - butyl-4-n-butoxy-; N,N-di-n-heptyl-4-methoxy-; N,N-di-n-hexyl-4-methoxy-; N,N-di-n-amyl-4-ethoxy-; and N,N-di-iso-amyl-4-ethoxy-a  -naphthamidine, and their hydrochloride addition salts.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a lifelong condition and is the leading cause of disability in the world. MDD is a multifaceted mood disorder and due to its complex nature, this mental health diagnosis affects emotional, behavioural, and cognitive processing. Cognitive dysfunction appears to progress over time and worsens as the individual experiences more episodes of depression. Because of this, it is critical to continue to investigate and formulate effective treatment that can target and improve not only depressive symptoms, but also address overall cognitive function. Thus, the investigators propose implementing music-based cognitive training derived from Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT) techniques to address cognitive dysfunction experienced by adults diagnosed with MDD. Music-based interventions, specifically from the NMT approach have been shown to physically change the human brain when working on cognition in areas of attention and executive function, however little is known of these applications with adults with MDD. The aim of this pilot is to test 8-weeks of music-based cognitive training to improve cognitive function among adults with MDD.
Cadaverine is an endogenous metabolite produced by the gut microbiome with various activity in physiological and pathological conditions. However, whether cadaverine regulates pain or itch remains unclear. In this study, we first found that cadaverine may bind to histamine 4 receptor (H4R) with higher docking energy score using molecular docking simulations, suggesting cadaverine may act as an endogenous ligand for H4R. We subsequently found intradermal injection of cadaverine into the nape or cheek of mice induces a dose-dependent scratching response in mice, which was suppressed by a selective H4R antagonist JNJ-7777120, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist capsazepine and PLC inhibitor U73122, but not H1R antagonist or TRPA1 antagonist or TRPV4 antagonist. Consistently, cadaverine-induced itch was abolished in Trpv1-/- but not Trpa1-/- mice. Pharmacological analysis indicated that mast cells and opioid receptors were also involved in cadaverine-induced itch in mice. scRNA-Seq data analysis showed that H4R and TRPV1 are mainly co-expressed on NP2, NP3 and PEP1 DRG neurons. Calcium imaging analysis showed that cadaverine perfusion enhanced calcium influx in the dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, which was suppressed by JNJ-7777120 and capsazepine, as well as in the DRG neurons from Trpv1-/- mice. Patch-clamp recordings found that cadaverine perfusion significantly increased the excitability of small diameter DRG neurons, and JNJ-7777120 abolished this effect, indicating involvement of H4R. Together, these results provide evidences that cadaverine is a novel endogenous pruritogens, which activates H4R/TRPV1 signaling pathways in the primary sensory neurons.
INTRODUCTION: Hiatal hernia commonly occurs in adults. Although most patients are asymptomatic, some experience reflux symptoms or dysphagia. These patients are frequently managed with acid suppression and lifestyle changes. However, medical management does not provide durable relief for some patients; therefore, surgical repair is considered. Routine preoperative investigations include esophagoscopy, esophagography, and manometry. We investigated the role of preoperative motility studies for the management of these patients when partial fundoplication is planned.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 185 patients who underwent elective minimally invasive hiatal hernia repair with partial fundoplication between 2014 and 2018. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether a preoperative motility study was performed. The primary outcomes were postoperative dysphagia, complications, postoperative interventions, and use of proton pump inhibitors.
RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients underwent preoperative manometry and 86 did not. The lack of preoperative manometry was not associated with increased postoperative morbidity, including leak rate, readmission, and 30-d mortality. The postoperative dysphagia rates of the manometry and nonmanometry groups were 5% (5/99 patients) and 7% (6/86 patients) (P = 0.80), respectively. Furthermore, seven of 99 (7%) patients in the manometry group and 10 of 86 (12%) (P = 0.42) patients in the nonmanometry group underwent interventions, mainly endoscopic dilation, postoperatively owing to symptom recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS: Forgoing preoperative manometry was not associated with significant adverse outcomes after minimally invasive hiatal hernia repair. Although manometry is reasonable to perform, it should not be considered a mandatory part of the preoperative assessment when partial fundoplication is planned.
INTRODUCTION: Rib fractures are consequential injuries for geriatric trauma patients. Frailty has been associated with adverse outcomes in this population. The Rib Fracture Frailty Index (RFF) and 5-factor modified Frailty Index (mFI) are 2 validated frailty metrics. Research assessing inclusion of frailty metrics in geriatric rib fractures triage protocols is limited.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed for trauma patients ≥50 years old with rib fractures admitted to a Level I trauma center, which currently uses percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%) to triage rib fractures patients. Frailty metrics (RFF & mFI) were calculated retrospectively, stratifying patients as low, moderate, or severe frailty. Unfavorable discharge disposition (UDD) was defined as discharge to facility or death. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were used to assess frailty with outcome variables.
RESULTS: In total, 834 patients were included from August 2018 - May 2023, with mean age of 69.1. A majority had low frailty (64.0 vs 40.3%), followed by moderate frailty (21.1 vs 30.7%), then severe frailty (14.9 vs 29.0%) for RFF and mFI, respectively. Age, sex, and ISS differed between groups. For RFF, increased frailty was associated with longer hospital and ICU length of stay. Neither frailty metric was associated with unplanned ICU transfer or intubation. In the adjusted analysis, frail patients were more likely to have UDD (OR 8.9, CI 3.4-23.0, P < .0001).
CONCLUSION: While both frailty metrics were predictive of UDD, neither was associated with ICU transfer or intubation, suggesting that frailty does not enhance the accuracy of our current protocol using FVC%.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Myopia is one of the major causes of visual impairment globally, with myopia and its complications thus placing a heavy healthcare and economic burden. With most cases of myopia developing during childhood, interventions to slow myopia progression are most effective when implemented early. To address this public health challenge, artificial intelligence has emerged as a potential solution in childhood myopia management.
RECENT FINDINGS: The bulk of artificial intelligence research in childhood myopia was previously focused on traditional machine learning models for the identification of children at high risk for myopia progression. Recently, there has been a surge of literature with larger datasets, more computational power, and more complex computation models, leveraging artificial intelligence for novel approaches including large-scale myopia screening using big data, multimodal data, and advancing imaging technology for myopia progression, and deep learning models for precision treatment.
SUMMARY: Artificial intelligence holds significant promise in transforming the field of childhood myopia management. Novel artificial intelligence modalities including automated machine learning, large language models, and federated learning could play an important role in the future by delivering precision medicine, improving health literacy, and allowing the preservation of data privacy. However, along with these advancements in technology come practical challenges including regulation and clinical integration.
The invention discloses peach blossom radix angelicae liquor which is prepared through conventional technologies from following components, by weight, 250 parts of peach blossom, 30 parts of angelicae liquor, 60 parts of angelica sinensis, 20 parts of white peony roots, 20 parts of rock candy and 1000 parts of white liquor. The components, except the liquor, are placed in a container with addition of the liquor. The container is sealed and the components are soaked in the liquor for 15 days. Filtration is carried out to remove residues to obtain the peach blossom radix angelicae liquor. The peach blossom radix angelicae liquor is used for treating internal injuries and fatigue, diarrhea caused by deficiency in spleen, inappetence, unbright face appearance, depression in spirit, poor health due to deficiency of blood and dizziness and headache. The unprocessed rehmannia root chrysanthemum liquor is taken orally after being warmed when stomach is empty with a dosage being 20ml by two times per day.
BACKGROUND: Patients with bacteraemia caused by gram-positive bacteria are at risk for infective endocarditis (IE). Because IE needs long antibiotic treatment and sometimes heart valve surgery, it is very important to identify patients with IE.
OBJECTIVES: In this narrative review we present and discuss how to determine which investigations to detect IE that are needed in individual patients with gram-positive bacteraemia.
SOURCES: Published original studies and previous reviews in English, within the relevant field are used.
CONTENT: First, the different qualities of the bacteraemia in relation to IE risk are discussed. The risk for IE in bacteraemia is related to the species of the bacterium but also to monomicrobial bacteraemia and the number of positive cultures. Second, patient-related factors for IE risk in bacteraemia are presented. Next, the risk stratification systems to determine the risk for IE in gram-positive bacteraemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, viridans streptococci, and Enterococcus faecalis are presented and their use is discussed. In the last part of the review, an account for the different modalities of IE-investigations is given. The main focus is on echocardiography, which is the cornerstone of IE-investigations. Furthermore, 18F-fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and cardiac computed tomography are presented and their use is also discussed. A brief account for investigations used to identify embolic phenomena in IE is also given. Finally, we present a flowchart suggesting which investigations to perform in relation to IE in patients with gram-positive bacteraemia.
IMPLICATIONS: For the individual patient as well as the healthcare system, it is important both to diagnose IE and to decide when to stop looking for IE. This review might be helpful in finding that balance.
The cornea, the clear front window of the eye, consists of finely intertwined collagen fibers, which give the cornea a microstructure that provides mechanical integrity necessary to maintain its typical dome-shape against the intraocular pressure (IOP). Changes in the biomechanical properties can lead to an abnormal corneal shape and refractive errors. As a result, light is not perfectly focused onto the retina and the vision is affected. A typical example of alterations in the cornea's biomechanical properties is found in patients with an eye disorder called Keratoconus, which leads to progressive thinning of the cornea. Numerous studies have shown that promising interventions like collagen crosslinking (CXL) can slow down an arrest progression of ectatic eye diseases. Keratoconus, as a typical example, although it cannot be cured, could be at least halted by CXL. Therefore, early diagnosis of ectasia is crucial for the patient. Current diagnostic methods of ectasia are based on morphological rather than biomechanical analysis. The irregular patterns of the cornea can be detected by pachymetry and topography before clinical signs occur, but these tests cannot reliably differentiate truly weak or keratoconic corneas from atypical normal ones.

These are compelling needs for improved diagnostic methods. More recently, and triggered by those unmet needs, an interest in the mechanical properties of the cornea has emerged. Typical examples of mechanical properties are elastic modulus and corneal stiffness.

In this pilot study the investigators will test the ability of a new OCT Vibrography system to determine cornea material parameters. More precisely, the investigators will study the oscillation response in human corneas in-vivo using a stimulus mechanism used to induce vibrations by touching the surface of the cornea. A localized vibration source paired together with phase-sensitive OCT to measure the frequency response function of the human cornea and to analyze the dependency of the frequency response function on age. Additionally the investigators will use Brillouin Microscopy data for computer simulations to validate OCT Vibrography results.
Ghrelin widely exists in the central nervous system and peripheral organs, and has biological activities such as maintaining energy homeostasis, regulating lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, immune response, gastrointestinal physiological activities, cognition, memory, circadian rhythm and reward effects. In many benign liver diseases, it may play a hepatoprotective role against steatosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis, and improve liver cell autophagy and immune response to improve disease progression. However, the role of Ghrelin in liver Echinococcosis is currently unclear. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which Ghrelin regulates liver growth metabolism, immune-inflammation, fibrogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis, as well as its protective effects in liver fibrosis diseases, and further proposes the role of Ghrelin in liver Echinococcosis infection. During the infectious process, it may promote the parasitism and survival of parasites on the host by improving the immune-inflammatory microenvironment and fibrosis state, thereby accelerating disease progression. However, there is currently a lack of targeted in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence for this viewpoint.
MULTI-DRUG LIGAND CONJUGATES 1500 Contls (a) 1260- TumorVolume &o4 (mar) 750 500 as . c) 260(b 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 PTI (Days) Described herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating pathogenic cell populations in a patient. The compounds described herein include conjugates of a plurality of cytotoxic drugs and vitamin receptor binding ligands. The plurality of drugs may be the same or different. Similarly, the vitamin receptor binding ligands may be the same or different. The conjugates also include a linker that is formed from one or more spacer liners, hetematom linkers, and releasable linkers.
Factor XII (FXII) is the zymogen of the plasma protease FXIIa that activates the intrinsic coagulation pathway and the kallikrein kinin-system. The role of FXII in inflammation has been obscure. Here, we report a single-domain antibody (nanobody, Nb) fused to the Fc region of a human immunoglobulin (Nb-Fc) that recognizes FXII in a conformation-dependent manner and interferes with FXIIa formation. Nb-Fc treatment inhibited arterial thrombosis in male mice without affecting hemostasis. In a mouse model of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), FXII inhibition or knockout reduced thrombus deposition on oxygenator membranes and systemic microvascular thrombi. ECMO increased circulating levels of D-dimer, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and TNF-α and triggered microvascular neutrophil adherence, platelet aggregation and their interaction, which were substantially attenuated by FXII blockade. Both Nb-Fc treatment and FXII knockout markedly ameliorated immune complex-induced local vasculitis and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-induced systemic vasculitis, consistent with selectively suppressed neutrophil migration. In human blood microfluidic analysis, Nb-Fc treatment prevented collagen-induced fibrin deposition and neutrophil adhesion/activation. Thus, FXII is an important mediator of inflammatory responses in vasculitis and ECMO, and Nb-Fc provides a promising approach to alleviate thrombo-inflammatory disorders.
Myelosuppression (including anemia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, and thrombocytopenia) has been reported in patients receiving linezolid. In cases where the outcome is known, when linezolid was discontinued, the affected hematologic parameters have risen toward pretreatment levels. Thrombocytopenia has been reported more often in patients with severe renal impairment, whether or not on dialysis, and in patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment. Complete blood counts should be monitored weekly in patients who receive linezolid, particularly in those who receive linezolid for longer than two weeks, those with pre-existing myelosuppression, those with severe renal impairment or moderate to severe hepatic impairment, those receiving concomitant drugs that produce bone marrow suppression, or those with a chronic infection who have received previous or concomitant antibacterial drug therapy. Discontinuation of therapy with linezolid should be considered in patients who develop or have worsening myelosuppression.[see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
PURPOSE:To obtain an antithrombotic material which inhibits adsorption of biocomponents such as blood platelets, protein, or lipids by subjecting comonomers including a phosphorylcholine deriv. and maleic anhydride to free- radical polymn. CONSTITUTION:Comonomers including a phosphorylcholine deriv. of formula III (wherein R<1> to R<3> are each independently H or a 1-6C alkyl provided they may form a ring; R<4> is H or methyl; and A is a 1-20C aliph., a 4-20C alicyclic, an arom., or a heterocyclic hydrocarbon group) (e.g. 2-propenylphosphorylcholine) and maleic anhydride are subjected to free-radical polymn. to give a copolymer having repeating structural units of formulas I (wherein the symbols are the same as in formula III) and II in the molecular chain and a mol.wt. of 1,000-500,000. The amt. of the phosphorylcholine deriv. compounded is pref. 10-60mol% of the total amt. of the comonomers, and the amt. of maleic anhydride is pref. 40-90mol%.
It is a single-arm phase 2 window of opportunity study to assess the antineoplastic activity of pemigatinib in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients with recurrent tumors and a prior history of low- or intermediate-risk NMIBC tumors. Enrolled patients will receive pemigatinib for 4-6 weeks prior to standard of care transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). The primary endpoint will be complete response rate as determined at TURBT. Secondary endpoints will include safety profile, associations between complete response rate and tumor mutation/fusion status (e.g. FGFR3 specifically, others will also be examined) and NMIBC risk group (low- vs. intermediate-risk), and assessment of pemigatinib post-treatment urothelial tissue concentrations. The study will be conducted at 4-5 high volume bladder cancer institutions within the US and managed through the Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center clinical research office.
For the group allocated with intermittent fasting, a time restricted feeding (TRF) methodology will be administered. The Fasting protocol will begin with a 12-hour eating window (12:12) and will gradually go down to 8 hours eating window over a period of 8 weeks (16:8).