Subjects and Procedures Research Methodology The present investigation carried out at a university hospital, was a longitudinal, controlled, single-center, randomized trial with an interventional design. A total of 84 medical students who were completing their clinical clerkship rotations in the Department of Thoracic Surgery were included in the study. The participants were randomized to either the intervention group or the control group.

Intervention The participants in the intervention group were provided with the curriculum titled "Respiratory Auscultation with Digital Stethoscopes," which involved the use of electronic digital stethoscopes and the Eko auscultation software platform developed by Eko Devices in Berkeley, California, USA. The utilization of this methodology enabled the viewing and examination of documented respiratory sounds, which were then shown as phonopneumograms. The participants assigned to the control group were provided with conventional respiratory auscultation training in accordance with the established clerkship curriculum. The curriculum encompassed practical sessions conducted at the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) center, utilizing the SAM II respiratory sound simulator (Cardionics, Webster, Texas, USA). Additionally, instructional videos were provided to facilitate the acquisition of knowledge pertaining to breath sounds. Furthermore, a breathing assignment was assigned to each student, necessitating the recording and description of five distinct breath sounds. The process of gathering data The Zuvio Interactive Response System (Zuvio, Taipei, Taiwan) was used to measure participants' auscultation skills before and after the intervention. This was done by employing a question bank consisting of 50 breath sound audio files. The collection of student feedback regarding the quality of teaching and the helpfulness of the course was conducted by means of surveys employing 5-point Likert scales. Furthermore, the researchers collected data pertaining to OSCE attendance, video viewing, answer-checking behavior, and the time interval between pre-and post-tests. The variables that were assessed included alterations in auscultation test scores and self-reported levels of teaching satisfaction within the two cohorts.

Statistical analysis The data analysis was performed utilizing the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics, version 25). A range of statistical tests were employed to comprehensively analyze the distribution of student scores and teaching satisfaction, compare the intervention and control groups, and explore the influence of the course on students' engagement and learning outcomes. The normality of distributions for student scores and teaching satisfaction was initially examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. To compare scores and satisfaction levels between the intervention and control groups, either the Student t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was selected, depending on the distributions. The paired Student's t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used, as appropriate, to assess the changes in scores before and after the course. The study employed the chi-square test to examine the disparity in the proportions of students from both groups who opted to rent electronic stethoscopes subsequent to the completed course. This was conducted as an indirect method to assess the student's level of interest in auscultation and their comprehension of digital stethoscope technology, hence indicating the effectiveness of the course instruction. In addition, the researchers used regression analysis to investigate the relationships between different variables and outcomes, thereby offering valuable insights into the determinants that impact students' learning experiences and preferences. The statistical significance level was set at p\<0.05.