anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In isolated nerve-muscle preparation, Dantrium has been shown to produce relaxation by affecting the contractile response of the skeletal muscle at a site beyond the myoneural junction, directly on the muscle itself. In skeletal muscle, Dantrium dissociates the excitation-contraction coupling, probably by interfering with the release of Ca++ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This effect appears to be more pronounced in fast muscle fibers as compared to slow ones, but generally affects both. A central nervous system effect occurs, with drowsiness, dizziness, and generalized weakness occasionally present. Although Dantrium does not appear to directly affect the CNS, the extent of its indirect effect is unknown. The absorption of Dantrium after oral administration in humans is incomplete and slow but consistent, and dose-related blood levels are obtained. The duration and intensity of skeletal muscle relaxation is related to the dosage and blood levels. The mean biologic half-life of Dantrium in adults is 8.7 hours after a 100-mg dose. Specific metabolic pathways in the degradation and elimination of Dantrium in human subjects have been established. Metabolic patterns are similar in adults and pediatric patients. In addition to the parent compound, dantrolene, which is found in measurable amounts in blood and urine, the major metabolites noted in body fluids are the 5-hydroxy analog and the acetamido analog. Since Dantrium is probably metabolized by hepatic microsomal enzymes, enhancement of its metabolism by other drugs is possible. However, neither phenobarbital nor diazepam appears to affect Dantrium metabolism.

Clinical experience in the management of fulminant human malignant hyperthermia, as well as experiments conducted in malignant hyperthermia susceptible swine, have revealed that the administration of intravenous dantrolene, combined with indicated supportive measures, is effective in reversing the hypermetabolic process of malignant hyperthermia. Known differences between human and swine malignant hyperthermia are minor. The prophylactic administration of oral or intravenous dantrolene to malignant hyperthermia susceptible swine will attenuate or prevent the development of signs of malignant hyperthermia in a manner dependent upon the dosage of dantrolene administered and the intensity of the malignant hyperthermia triggering stimulus. Limited clinical experience with the administration of oral dantrolene to patients judged malignant hyperthermia susceptible, when combined with clinical experience in the use of intravenous dantrolene for the treatment of malignant hyperthermia and data derived from the above cited animal model experiments, suggests that oral dantrolene will also attenuate or prevent the development of signs of human malignant hyperthermia, provided that currently accepted practices in the management of such patients are adhered to (see INDICATIONS AND USAGE); intravenous dantrolene should also be available for use should the signs of malignant hyperthermia appear.
Preeclampsia and peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) are significant obstetric problems that can arise during or after pregnancy. Both are known to be causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. Several recent studies have suggested a link between preeclampsia and the pathophysiology of PPCM. However, the common thread that connects the two has yet to be thoroughly and fully articulated. Here, we investigate the complex dynamics of preeclampsia and PPCM in this review. Our analysis focuses mainly on inflammatory and immunological responses, endothelial dysfunction as a shared pathway, and potential genetic predisposition to both diseases. To begin, we will look at how excessive inflammatory and immunological responses can lead to clinical symptoms of both illnesses, emphasizing the role of proinflammatory cytokines and immune cells in modifying vascular and tissue responses. Second, we consider endothelial dysfunction to be a crucial point at which endothelial damage and activation contribute to pathogenesis through increased vascular permeability, vascular dysfunction, and thrombus formation. Finally, we examine recent information suggesting genetic predispositions to preeclampsia and PPCM, such as genetic variants in genes involved in the management of blood pressure, the inflammatory response, and heart structural integrity. With this synergistic study, we seek to encourage more research and creative therapy solutions by emphasizing the need for an interdisciplinary approach to understanding and managing the connection between preeclampsia and PPCM.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial consisted of two 10-week outpatient treatment periods. Patients with refractory partial-onset seizures who were receiving phenytoin and carbamazepine at therapeutic levels were administered Felbamate as add-on therapy at a starting dosage of 1400 mg/day in three divided doses, which was increased to 2600 mg/day in three divided doses. Among the 56 patients who completed the study, the baseline seizure frequency was 20 per month. Patients treated with Felbamate had fewer seizures than patients treated with placebo for each treatment sequence. There was a 23% (P=.018) difference in percentage seizure frequency reduction in favor of Felbamate.

Felbamate 3600 mg/day given QID and placebo were compared in a 28-day double-blind add-on trial in patients who had their standard antiepileptic drugs reduced while undergoing evaluations for surgery of intractable epilepsy. All patients had confirmed partial-onset seizures with or without generalization, seizure frequency during surgical evaluation not exceeding an average of four partial seizures per day or more than one generalized seizure per day, and a minimum average of one partial or generalized tonic-clonic seizure per day for the last 3 days of the surgical evaluation. The primary efficacy variable was time to fourth seizure after randomization to treatment with Felbamate or placebo. Thirteen (46%) of 28 patients in the Felbamate group versus 29 (88%) of 33 patients in the placebo group experienced a fourth seizure. The median times to fourth seizure were greater than 28 days in the Felbamate group and 5 days in the placebo group. The difference between Felbamate and placebo in time to fourth seizure was statistically significant (P=.002) in favor of Felbamate.
Dysarthria is the inefficiency or restricted capability to form intelligible speech because of the inability of motor control on the speech structures. There are many therapeutic approaches in Pakistan that are in use for the patients with dysarthria following stroke. One of them is one to one intervention which may include one dysarthria client along with the speech therapist. The therapist delivers step by step instructions to the client. The essential assessments are being held to initiate the treatment. The application of this intervention approach leaves some drawbacks, such as, the patients find it difficult to relate and adapt to the treatment offered. Generalization also seems to be complicated. The patients express a lack in motivation and support. The other mode of approach is group intervention, in which multiple dysarthria clients along with their caregivers \& speech therapist are included. In the later one, there are greater chances of recovery for patients as they get peer support and build confidence through newfound friends, peer communication with realistic social setting, learning through teaching, increased awareness of skills and it is time constraints. The culture of practicing group sessions with dysarthria patients is lacked in Pakistan, which intends to meet and compensate for all the drawbacks and lacks of one on one intervention. By including the Dysarthria patients, therapist and the caregivers in the group intervention, there're greater chances of reduced anxiety for both patients \& caregivers regarding disorder \& its recovery.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to provide the clinic with rapid and accurate results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing for the treatment of patients with bloodstream infections. To achieve this, we applied the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) blood culture direct rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test (rAST) to assess the susceptibility of the most common Enterobacterales found in blood cultures.
METHODS: In this study, we utilized the CLSI blood culture direct rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test to assess the susceptibility (rAST) of the most common Enterobacterales present in blood cultures. We chose this method for its simplicity in analysis, and our aim was to predict minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) using the rAST. As a benchmark, we assumed that Broth Macrodilution method (BMD) results were 100% accurate. For data evaluation, we employed the terms categorical agreement (CA), very major errors (VME), and major errors (ME).
RESULTS: Our findings demonstrate that the CLSI rAST method is reliable for rapidly determining the in vitro susceptibility of Enterobacterales to common antimicrobial drugs in bloodstream infections. We achieved a concordance rate of 90% in classification within a 10-hour timeframe. We identified a total of 112 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) strains, and there was no significant difference in the detection rate of CRE at 6, 10, and 16 hours. This suggests that CRE can be identified as early as 6 hours.
CONCLUSION: The CLSI rAST is a valuable tool that can be utilized in clinical practice to quickly determine the susceptibility of Enterobacterales to antimicrobial drugs within 10 hours. This capability can greatly assist in the clinical management of patients with bloodstream infections.
INTRODUCTION: Early detection of patients with advanced chronic liver disease is critical for the prevention of complications and inclusion in surveillance programs for hepatocellular carcinoma. In daily clinical care, it remains challenging to differentiate early cirrhosis from lower fibrosis grades without performing a liver biopsy. The aim of the present study was to assess the performance of different non-invasive detection tools to differentiate cirrhosis from lower fibrosis grades.
METHODS: Data of 116 patients (51 male, 65 female) with chronic liver disease of various origins undergoing liver biopsy was analyzed. Routine laboratory values, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography, and histological liver assessment were collected.
RESULTS: Robust and significant correlations with the histological fibrosis stage were identified for LSM (r = 0.65), the FAST score (0.64), the FIB-4 (0.48), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentration (0.41), NFS (0.33), international normalized ratio (INR; 0.30), methacetin breath test results (-0.40), and serum albumin concentration (-0.29) by spearman rank correlation. Receiver operating characteristic curves were built for these parameters to separate patients with cirrhosis from those with any other fibrosis stage. The highest AUC was achieved by LSM (0.9130), followed by the FAST score (0.8842), the FIB-4 (0.8644), the NFS (0.8227), INR (0.8142), serum albumin (0.7710), and serum AST (0.7620). The most promising clinical applicability would be an LSM value of 12.2 kPa, achieving 95.7% sensitivity and 75.3% specificity.
CONCLUSION: LSM and FAST score seem to be robust non-invasive measurements for liver fibrosis. LSM and FAST scores may have the potential to reliably detect patients with liver cirrhosis in clinical routine settings.
Background: Delirium is a common and distressing manifestation of acute brain dysfunction that is associated with poor outcomes in various critically ill patient populations. Although patients with acute stroke experience delirium, understanding of delirium in this population is limited. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe existing evidence about delirium and associations with posthospital outcomes after acute stroke. Methods: Arksey and O'Malley's 5-stage framework was used to perform a scoping review. PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE electronic databases were searched. Outcome domains of interest included mortality, cognitive function, physical function, mental health, and quality of life. Full-text, peer-reviewed articles with adult stroke sample populations (acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage) were included. Results: Nineteen articles, involving 5611 unique patients, were included. Most sample populations included patients with either acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage. Heterogeneous research aims, methods, and outcome measures limit the ability to compare specific findings across studies. However, included studies suggest higher mortality at 12 months, worse cognition, and greater functional impairment in patients who have experienced acute stroke and delirium. Limited information regarding associations of delirium with posthospital mental health outcomes and quality of life precluded the ability to analyze these relationships and warrants further investigation. Conclusion: This review suggests concerning findings about associations of delirium to posthospital outcomes after acute stroke. Better characterization of delirium after acute stroke and analysis of its impact on long-term outcomes are needed.
The invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicines, in particular to a medicine for treating cold, influenza and diabetes. The medicinal effective components are prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of alum, 10-20 parts of sodium halide and 2-10 parts of spirifer. Simple prescription, low cost and obvious curative effect. The medicine takes effect in 10 minutes for treating cold and flu, and symptoms disappear and are normal in 40 minutes. The cure rate of the medicine for treating cold and influenza is 100 percent. The traditional Chinese medicine has quick response and quick cure, and is even quicker than injection, and the injection takes 90 to 120 minutes. The cure rate of the traditional Chinese medicine is 100 percent for initial diabetes patients, and the generation of diabetes can be prevented. The test is carried out 15 days before the initial diabetes patient finds that the sugar content is high (about 7.0 mmol/L), and the diabetes patient can be basically cured and the diabetes can be cut off by taking the medicine. It can be taken every 10 days for preventing diabetes.
OBJECTIVE: Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), often found incidentally on lateral lumbar radiographs, is increasingly recognized for its association with adverse outcomes in spine surgery. As a marker of advanced atherosclerosis affecting cardiovascular dynamics, this study evaluates AAC's impact on perioperative blood loss in posterior spinal fusion (PSF).
METHODS: Patients undergoing PSF from March 2016 to July 2023 were included. Estimated blood loss (EBL) and total blood volume (TBV) were calculated. AAC was assessed on lateral lumbar radiographs according to the Kauppila classification. Predictors of the EBL-to-TBV ratio (%EBL/TBV) were examined via univariable and multivariable regression analyses, which adjusted for parameters such as hypertension and aspirin use.
RESULTS: A total of 199 patients (47.2% female) were analyzed. AAC was present in 106 patients (53.3%). AAC independently predicted %EBL/TBV, accounting for an increase in blood loss of 4.46% of TBV (95% CI 1.17-7.74, p = 0.008).
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to identify AAC as an independent predictor of perioperative blood loss in PSF. In addition to its link to degenerative spinal conditions and adverse postoperative outcomes, the relationship between AAC and increased blood loss warrants attention in patients undergoing PSF.
PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block (BSCPB) in treating post-thyroidectomy pain.
METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, LILACS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were extensively searched. The search period extended from 1968 until December 2022. Randomized controlled trials comparing BSCPB to placebo, no block in patients with thyroidectomy for benign or malignant thyroid disease were included. Outcomes were pain in the first 24 h after surgery. Analgesic rescue, period before the first rescue dosage, and 24-h opioid usage were secondary outcomes. The RoB 2 instrument was used to evaluate the risk of bias.
RESULTS: 34 of 354 studies were eligible. There were 2,519 patients. BSCPB reduced the intensity of pain postoperatively [SMD: - 1.17 (95% CI: - 1.54 to - 0.81)] and in the first 24 h [- 0.62 (95%: 0.91 to 0.33)]. A considerable delay for the first opioid dose, rescue analgesics, and postoperative opioid usage was also found.
CONCLUSION: BSCPB's 24-h analgesic efficacy minimizes the requirement for rescue analgesia, postoperative opioid intake, and rescue analgesia start time. The choice of anesthetic and different application methods might affect its effectiveness.
BACKGROUND: Surgical sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is routinely used to reliably stage axillary lymph nodes in early breast cancer (BC). However, SLNB may be associated with postoperative arm morbidities. For most patients with BC undergoing SLNB, the findings are benign, and the procedure is currently questioned. A decision-support tool for the prediction of benign sentinel lymph nodes based on preoperatively available data has been developed using artificial neural network modelling.
METHODS: This was a retrospective geographical and temporal validation study of the noninvasive lymph node staging (NILS) model, based on preoperatively available data from 586 women consecutively diagnosed with primary BC at two sites. Ten preoperative clinicopathological characteristics from each patient were entered into the web-based calculator, and the probability of benign lymph nodes was predicted. The performance of the NILS model was assessed in terms of discrimination with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration, that is, comparison of the observed and predicted event rates of benign axillary nodal status (N0) using calibration slope and intercept. The primary endpoint was axillary nodal status (discrimination, benign [N0] vs. metastatic axillary nodal status [N+]) determined by the NILS model compared to nodal status by definitive pathology.
RESULTS: The mean age of the women in the cohort was 65 years, and most of them (93%) had luminal cancers. Approximately three-fourths of the patients had no metastases in SLNB (N0 74% and 73%, respectively). The AUC for the predicted probabilities for the whole cohort was 0.6741 (95% confidence interval: 0.6255-0.7227). More than one in four patients (n = 151, 26%) were identified as candidates for SLNB omission when applying the predefined cut-off for lymph node-negative status from the development cohort. The NILS model showed the best calibration in patients with a predicted high probability of healthy axilla.
CONCLUSION: The performance of the NILS model was satisfactory. In approximately every fourth patient, SLNB could potentially be omitted. Considering the shift from postoperatively to preoperatively available predictors in this validation study, we have demonstrated the robustness of the NILS model. The clinical usability of the web interface will be evaluated before its clinical implementation.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered in the ISRCTN registry with study ID ISRCTN14341750. Date of registration 23/11/2018.
Besides an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), advanced age is one of the most crucial risk factors for developing glaucoma. βB1-Connective Tissue Growth Factor (βB1-CTGF) high-pressure glaucoma mice were used in this study to assess whether glaucoma mice display more inflammatory and aging processes than age-matched controls. Therefore, 20-month-old βB1-CTGF and corresponding wildtype (WT) controls were examined. After IOP measurements, retinas were processed for (immuno-)histological and quantitative real-time PCR analyses. A significantly higher IOP and diminished retinal ganglion cell numbers were noted in βB1-CTGF mice compared to WT. An enhanced macrogliosis as well as an increased number of microglia/macrophages and microglia was detected in retinas of old glaucoma mice. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β2 were upregulated, suggesting an ongoing inflammation. Moreover, βB1-CTGF retinas displayed an increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining accompanied by a downregulation of Lmnb1 (laminin-B1) mRNA levels. Our results provide a deeper insight into the association between inflammation and high-pressure glaucoma and thus might help to develop new therapy strategies.
This project contains 3 aims: Aims 1 and 2 address the primary goal of this project: Determining the effectiveness of protective step training. Aim 1 will test whether perturbation training can improve protective stepping in people with PD with postural dysfunction. Aim 2 will test whether improvements are retained over 2 months and generalize to untrained perturbation tasks (which may be important for real world situations). Importantly, investigators will also gather exploratory data regarding the effect of perturbation training on falls. Aim 3 addresses the secondary goal of this project: Determining for whom protective step training is most beneficial. Aim 3 will relate behavioral factors and neuroimaging outcomes to the magnitude of improvement in protective stepping. All aims will be tested in people with PD who have postural disturbances.

To complete these aims, participants will undergo 12 visits to the laboratory over the course of about 5 months. These will include 6 "training visits" over the course of 2 weeks, surrounded by 6 "assessment" visits before and after the training. During assessment visits, investigators will assess the ability to step quickly in response to a loss of balance (e.g. a slip), as well as thinking assessments and, if eligible, investigators will complete an MRI. During training visits, investigators will train the ability to step quickly in response to a slip.

In this study, participants will serve as their own controls. As such, there is no randomization to multiple groups.