anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Dependence on tobacco derived nicotine is a major public health problem. Data suggest tobacco smokers are more impulsive on both self-report and behavioral measures than non-smokers. Behavioral measures of impulsivity predict outcome during smoking cessation. Successful quitters have better impulse control compared to current smokers. Impulsivity is defined behaviorally as a predisposition toward rapid, unplanned reactions to internal and external stimuli without regard for the negative consequences. Impulsivity is often measured behaviorally in two major domains, delay discounting, i.e., the choice of smaller immediate reward over a larger, delayed reward, and response inhibition, the inability to stop a response once it is initiated. A drug-free method that decreases smokers' impulsivity and enhances inhibitory control could improve sustained efficacy of smoking cessation treatment.

Treatments integrating mindfulness have been associated with decreases in impulsiveness and substance use in people with addiction. A preliminary study of reports that 100% of mindfulness-trained smokers that meditated at least 45 minutes daily were still abstinent at 6 weeks post-quit. Preliminary data suggest that mindfulness training benefits people with substance use disorders through multiple cognitive mechanisms, including decreased self-report motor impulsiveness. Yet, no widely accepted behavioral measures of impulsivity or inhibitory control have been used to measure the effect of mindfulness practice in smokers. This project aims to evaluate the relationship between mindfulness and behavioral measures of impulsivity and inhibitory control in smoking cessation and early abstinence.

Data from mindfulness-oriented treatment studies suggest at-home formal meditation practice is the most important variable in attaining positive clinical outcomes. This conclusion supports the prevailing theory that high doses of repetitive meditation practice can elicit cortical remodeling. Since addiction has been conceptualized as a disease of staged neuroplasticity, an intensive behavioral program that can induce accelerated therapeutic neuroplasticity is particularly compelling. Current methods for self-reporting dose of formal mindfulness practice may be vulnerable to response bias and poor reporting response rates. We plan to use actigraphic monitoring of formal mindfulness practice using the Actiwatch Score to behaviorally validate meditation time and rigorously test the meditation dose effect theory which hypothesizes that formal meditation practice time will predict improvement in inhibitory control, delay discounting, and smoking outcomes.
The purpose of this Phase 1 clinical trial is to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel, in healthy malaria-exposed adult volunteers. Between 2-3 million deaths occur each year as a result of malaria. Most of these deaths are a result of P. falciparum malaria, in children under five years of age, in sub-Saharan Africa. A safe and effective vaccine that would reduce both morbidity and mortality secondary to P. falciparum would be a valuable resource in the fight against this disease. The apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) is a surface protein expressed during the asexual blood stage of P. falciparum that is thought to play a role in parasite invasion of erythrocytes. Clinical symptoms of malaria in humans are due to the asexual blood stage. Therefore, this vaccine was designed to protect an individual from illness due to the asexual stage of P. falciparum infection by inhibiting parasite invasion of erythrocytes. The AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel vaccine preparations to be studied contain an equal mixture of AMA1 from two different clones of Plasmodium falciparum (FVO and 3D7), both produced separately as recombinant proteins expressed by Pichia pastoris (AMA1 FVO and AMA1 3D7). This vaccine has been tested in one clinical trial of 30 malaria-unexposed human adults in the United States and no clinically significant risks have been identified. The study will be conducted in Don gu bougou, Mali, and will be a blinded, randomized and controlled trial that will evaluate three dose levels of AMA1-C1 (5 micro g, 20 micro g, 80 micro g). Fifty-four healthy male and non-pregnant female volunteers ages 18 to 45 will be enrolled. Eighteen volunteers will be assigned to each of the three dose groups. Within each group, twelve volunteers will be randomized to receive either a 5 micro g, 20 micro g, or 80 micro g dose of AMA1-Cl/Alhydrogel and 6 will be randomized to receive the tetanus toxoid vaccine. Immunizations will be administered by intramuscular injection on months 0, 1, and 12. The groups will be staggered such that adequate safety evaluation can be performed prior to dose escalation. The duration of the study is 18 months per volunteer. The primary objective of this trial is to determine the frequency and severity of vaccine-related adverse events for each dose. The secondary objective is to determine the dose that generates the highest serum antibody levels to AMA1 antigen at Day 42.
WARNING: RISK OF SEVERE BRONCHOSPASM

Mannitol, the active ingredient in ARIDOL, acts as a bronchoconstrictor and may cause severe bronchospasm. Bronchial challenge testing with ARIDOL is for diagnostic purposes only. Bronchial challenge testing with ARIDOL should only be conducted by trained professionals under the supervision of a physician familiar with all aspects of the bronchial challenge test and the management of acute bronchospasm. Medications (such as short-acting inhaled beta-agonist) and equipment to treat severe bronchospasm must be present in the testing area. If severe bronchospasm occurs it should be treated immediately by administration of a short-acting inhaled beta-agonist. Because of the potential for severe bronchoconstriction, the bronchial challenge testing with ARIDOL should not be performed in any patient with clinically apparent asthma or very low baseline pulmonary function tests (e.g., FEV1 <1-1.5 liters or <70% of the predicted values) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental health disorder that may be triggered by the experience of events perceived as terrifying or overwhelming. Examples of such events include being the victim of violence or sexual abuse. Compared with other people, autistic people have increased risk of being exposed to violence or sexual abuse. In addition, autistic people may be more vulnerable to developing post-traumatic stress disorder following such exposure. However, knowledge is limited concerning the prevalence of experiences involving violence and sexual abuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder, in autistic people with co-occurring intellectual disabilities. Detection of these experiences, and identification of post-traumatic stress disorder, may be challenging in these individuals, and previous research indicates that post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms may be overlooked or misinterpreted. In this study, we examined prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, violence and sexual abuse in a clinical sample of 88 autistic adults with intellectual disabilities referred for mental health assessment. Only 3.4% were diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder, even if experiences involving violence (34.1%) or sexual abuse (17.0%) were common. Anxiety and affective disorders were common diagnoses among participants with these experiences. Controlling for autism characteristics, level of intellectual disability and communication skills, experiences of violence/sexual abuse were found to be associated with a measure of 'challenging' behaviours. These results indicate that potentially traumatic experiences are common in autistic adults with intellectual disabilities referred for mental health assessment, and that post-traumatic stress disorder may be under-recognised. The findings highlight the importance of trauma screening and post-traumatic stress disorder assessment, as well as the importance of trauma-informed care, in this population.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solid powdery cosmetic effectively suppressing the oozing and spreading of a volatile solvent absorbed in an absorption sheet and having good appearance.  <P>SOLUTION: The interior of a housing pan 1 is initially filled with a fluid filler 2 prepared by dissolving a cosmetic base with a volatile solvent and the absorption sheet 5 for absorbing the volatile solvent oozed out of the filler 2 is interposed between the housing pan 1 and a pressing plate 4. Furthermore, the pressing plate 4 in such a state that the absorption sheet 5 is interposed therebetween is pushed down. Thereby, the filler 2 filled in the housing pan 1 is compression molded. An absorption sheet having ≥400 to ≤1,600 g/m<SP>2</SP>absorption rate of the volatile solvent per unit area is used as the absorption sheet 5.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Cistrome-wide association studies (CWAS) are pivotal for identifying genetic determinants of diseases by correlating genetically regulated cistrome states with phenotypes. Traditional CWAS typically develops a model based on cistrome and genotype data to associate predicted cistrome states with phenotypes. The random effect cistrome-wide association study (RECWAS), reevaluates the necessity of cistrome state prediction in CWAS. RECWAS utilizes either a linear model or marginal effect for initial feature selection, followed by kernel-based feature aggregation for association testing is introduced. Through simulations and analysis of prostate cancer data, a thorough evaluation of CWAS and RECWAS is conducted. The results suggest that RECWAS offers improved power compared to traditional CWAS, identifying additional genomic regions associated with prostate cancer. CWAS identified 102 significant regions, while RECWAS found 50 additional significant regions compared to CWAS, many of which are validated. Validation encompassed a range of biological evidence, including risk signals from the GWAS catalog, susceptibility genes from the DisGeNET database, and enhancer-domain scores. RECWAS consistently demonstrated improved performance over traditional CWAS in identifying genomic regions associated with prostate cancer. These findings demonstrate the benefits of incorporating kernel methods into CWAS and provide new insights for genetic discovery in complex diseases.
PURPOSE:A drug for external use, obtained by incorporating indomethacin, solid solution of menthol with camphor and/or glycol salicylate with a base therefor, having high percutaneous absorption and improved anti-inflammatory and analgesic action, safe for the skin and useful for treating blows, etc. CONSTITUTION:A drug for external use obtained by incorporating indomethacin, solid solution of menthol with camphor and/or glycol salicylate with a base therefor. An ointment, solution, etc. may be cited as the drug for the external use, but a cataplasma containing an aqueous cataplasma base material using a water-soluble high polymer is particularly preferred for a means of percutaneous absorption of the indomethacin. Preferably, a weakly acidic base at 4-6.5pH is preferably used as the base for the external use. The amount of the indomethacin to be used is particularly preferably 0.3-2% based on the total base material. The amount of the solid solution of the menthol with camphor and/or glycol slicylate is >=5 times that of the indomethacin.
A pharmaceutical preparation comprises a macrolide and a carrier consisting of a hydrophilic phase, a lipophilic phase and a surfactant.Also claimed is a microemulsion preconcentrate carrier (or an agent suitable for oral use which is other than a cyclosporin) consisting of (i) a reaction prod. of castor oil and ethylene oxide; (ii) a re-esterification prod. of a plant oil and glycerine consisting mainly of mono-, di- and tri-glycerine of linoleic and oleic acid or a polyoxyalkylated plant oil; (iii) 1,2-propylene glycol; and (iv) ethanol. The pharmaceutical composition is in the form of an emulsion- or microemulsion-preconcentrate.The lipophilic phase comprises 10-85 wt.% of the carrier, the surfactant 5-80 wt.% of the carrier and the hydrophilic phase 10-50 wt.% of the carrier.The compositions pref. contain rapamycin class cpds. esp. FK506 in an amt. of 2-15 wt.%.
Peptides derived from three regions of the lectin domain of GMP-140 and the related selectins, ELAM-1 and the lymphocyte homing receptor, have been found to inhibit neutrophil adhesion to GMP-140. These and additional peptides have been synthesized, having as their core region portions of the 23-30 amino acid sequence of GMP-140, with residue 1 defined as the N-terminus of the mature protein after the cleavage of the signal peptide. Examples demonstrate the inhibition of the binding of neutrophils to GMP-140 of peptides in concentrations ranging from 5 to 1500 µM. It has been found that alterations within the core sequence, as well as N-terminal and C-terminal flanking regions, do not result in loss of biological activity. It has also been found that certain of these modifications can significantly increase the stability of peptides of Formula (I) or (II) against degradation by the enzymes found in human serum. The peptides are useful as diagnostics and, in combination with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier, for clinical applications in the modulation or inhibition of coagulation processes or inflammatory processes.
BACKGROUND: The outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) have long been acknowledged for their crucial role in the initiation of periodontitis. However, the implications of P. gingivalis OMVs in the context of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to clarify both the impact and the underlying mechanisms through which P. gingivalis OMVs contribute to the propagation of distal cardiovascular inflammation and trauma.
METHODS: In this study, various concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, and 4.5 µg/µL) of P. gingivalis OMVs were microinjected into the common cardinal vein of zebrafish larvae at 48 h post-fertilization (hpf) to assess changes in cardiovascular injury and inflammatory response. Zebrafish larvae from both the PBS and the 2.5 µg/µL injection cohorts were harvested at 30 h post-injection (hpi) for transcriptional analysis. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to evaluate relative gene expression.
RESULTS: These findings demonstrated that P. gingivalis OMVs induced pericardial enlargement in zebrafish larvae, caused vascular damage, increased neutrophil counts, and activated inflammatory pathways. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed the involvement of the immune response and the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction signaling pathway in this process.
CONCLUSION: This study illuminated potential mechanisms through which P. gingivalis OMVs contribute to CVD. It accentuated their involvement in distal cardiovascular inflammation and emphasizes the need for further research to comprehensively grasp the connection between periodontitis and CVD.
For patients with mild renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance [CrCl] ≥50 mL/min, approximately corresponding to serum creatinine levels of ≤1.7 mg/dL in men and ≤1.5 mg/dL in women), no dosage adjustment for JANUVIA is required.

For patients with moderate renal insufficiency (CrCl ≥30 to <50 mL/min, approximately corresponding to serum creatinine levels of >1.7 to ≤3.0 mg/dL in men and >1.5 to ≤2.5 mg/dL in women), the dose of JANUVIA is 50 mg once daily.

For patients with severe renal insufficiency (CrCl <30 mL/min, approximately corresponding to serum creatinine levels of >3.0 mg/dL in men and >2.5 mg/dL in women) or with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, the dose of JANUVIA is 25 mg once daily. JANUVIA may be administered without regard to the timing of hemodialysis.

Because there is a need for dosage adjustment based upon renal function, assessment of renal function is recommended prior to initiation of JANUVIA and periodically thereafter. Creatinine clearance can be estimated from serum creatinine using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. [See Clinical Pharmacology (12.3).]
A vending machine for dispensing a customized dietary supplement to dialysis patients, is disclosed. The vending machine comprises a serving dispenser designed to hold and distribute the customized dietary supplement to a user. The vending machine further comprises a user interface, a controller having a memory unit to store an inventory of ingredients operatively linked to a user interface and programmed to control the serving dispenser. The controller is configured to dispense the customized dietary supplement based on a user input. The vending machine prevents user from having unhealthy snacks for dialysis. The method decreases health complication faced by the dialysis patients. The vending machine provides wide product selection and optimal component storage capacities. It also affords improved product quality, which helps in improving the patients' health.
PURPOSE: To improve the reagent by selecting a peptide from the protein PagC indicated by the specific formulas to obtain a peptide for specific production of a specific antibody suitable for immunologic detection of Salmonella bacteria. CONSTITUTION: A peptide selected from the protein PagC having either of the sequences 1a-1e (No.1-No.5 of sequence number) indicated in the formulas can be used as an antigenic peptide for the antibody production, to enable the specific immunologic detection of salmonella. The peptide sequences includes the peptide to be derived from the sequences 1a-1e by the amino-acid substitution. In addition, even when several amino acids are removed from or added to the end of the peptide, the antigenicity of the antigenic conjugation or the specificity of the antibody to be obtained is not affected. The peptide can be synthesized by the known method based on the amino acid sequence, and an antigenic conjugation is formed by combining the peptide with a polymer carrier substance. The carrier substance is preferably glucose anhydrase from KLH and Bacillus megaterium.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject medicinal tablets capable of suppressing ulcerogenic adverse effects accompanying administering a nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drug(NSAID) and useful for curing inflammatory symptoms by combining both an NSAID and misoprostol. SOLUTION: This tablet contains (A) a core agent containing NSAID (preferably, piroxicam, diclofenac or their salts, e.g. diclofenac sodium) and (B) a film coating agent coated on the core agent and containing (i) a polymer (preferably povidon, a water-soluble cellulose derivative, e.g. hydroxypropylmethylcellulose) and (ii) misoprostol. The weight ratio of the ingredient i to the ingredient ii is preferably 10-100. The tablet preferably contains further an enteric coating agent between the ingredient A and the ingredient B.
Subjects will wear calf compression garments while video gaming for 2 hours. All subjects will undergo blood flow assessments before and after wearing lower leg graduated compression gear during their gaming session (i.e. compression during uninterrupted sitting).
Discontinuation symptoms have been systematically evaluated in patients taking venlafaxine, including prospective analyses of clinical studies in GAD and retrospective surveys of studies in MDD and SAD. Abrupt discontinuation or dose reduction of venlafaxine at various doses has been found to be associated with the appearance of new symptoms, the frequency of which increased with increased dose level and with longer duration of treatment. Reported symptoms include agitation, anorexia, anxiety, confusion, impaired coordination and balance, diarrhea, dizziness, dry mouth, dysphoric mood, fasciculation, fatigue, flu-like symptoms, headaches, hypomania, insomnia, nausea, nervousness, nightmares, sensory disturbances (including shock‑like electrical sensations), somnolence, sweating, tremor, vertigo, and vomiting.

There have been postmarketing reports of serious discontinuation symptoms which can be protracted and severe. Completed suicide, suicidal thoughts, aggression and violent behavior have been observed in patients during reduction in Effexor XR dosage, including during discontinuation. Other postmarketing reports describe visual changes (such as blurred vision or trouble focusing) and increased blood pressure after stopping or reducing the dose of Effexor XR. 

During marketing of Effexor XR, other SNRIs, and SSRIs, there have been reports of adverse events occurring upon discontinuation of these drugs, particularly when abrupt, including the following: irritability, lethargy, emotional lability, tinnitus, and seizures. 

Patients should be monitored for these symptoms when discontinuing treatment with Effexor XR. A gradual reduction in the dose, rather than abrupt cessation, is recommended. If intolerable symptoms occur following a decrease in the dose or upon discontinuation of treatment, then resuming the previously prescribed dose may be considered. Subsequently, the healthcare provider may continue decreasing the dose, but at a more gradual rate. In some patients, discontinuation may need to occur over a period of several months [see Dosage and Administration (2.10)].
How mechanical allodynia following nerve injury is encoded in patterns of neural activity in the spinal cord dorsal horn (DH) remains incompletely understood. We address this in mice using the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain and in vivo electrophysiological recordings. Surprisingly, despite dramatic behavioral over-reactivity to mechanical stimuli following nerve injury, an overall increase in sensitivity or reactivity of DH neurons is not observed. We do, however, observe a marked decrease in correlated neural firing patterns, including the synchrony of mechanical stimulus-evoked firing, across the DH. Alterations in DH temporal firing patterns are recapitulated by silencing DH parvalbumin+ (PV+) interneurons, previously implicated in mechanical allodynia, as are allodynic pain-like behaviors. These findings reveal decorrelated DH network activity, driven by alterations in PV+ interneurons, as a prominent feature of neuropathic pain and suggest restoration of proper temporal activity as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat chronic neuropathic pain.
The present invention relates to the field of biological medicines. Disclosed are a fusion protein, and a manufacturing method therefor and an application thereof. The fusion protein comprises a polypeptide specifically binding to a KRas protein, a tumor cell-specific cell penetrating peptide and a lysosome recognition peptide. In the present invention, for the first time, a fusion protein having tumor targeting and penetrability and protein specificity degradation is constructed for an "undruggable" protein design, and a new idea is provided for development of anticancer targeted drugs. The fusion protein can simultaneously induce degradation of wild type and mutant KRas proteins, which is different from the case in the prior art that one molecule can only target one target protein. Moreover, the fusion protein can improve the sensitivity of a KRas mutant tumor on a tumor targeting drug by inducing KRas degradation, thereby expanding the application range of existing anticancer targeting drugs, and the invention has great significance in clinical tumor treatment.