anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Appetitive and aversive conditioning are thought to be involved in the development and maintenance of mental disorders including anxiety, mood, eating, and substance use disorders. However, few studies measure the relative strength of appetitive and aversive associations, and their relevance to the risk of mental disorders. This study aims to address this gap.
METHODS: We tested how readily healthy volunteers acquire appetitive vs. aversive associations. 150 participants associated complex 3D objects with either gain or loss and made decisions to gain or avoid losing points. We investigated the relationship of a learning asymmetry with neuroticism, impulsivity, and anhedonia, to test the hypothesis that a stronger learning asymmetry corresponds to more extreme scores on these traits.
RESULTS: Impulsivity was positively associated with the learning asymmetry (R2 = .10). This resulted from an inverse relation with the strength of aversive associations, indicating that impulsive individuals are worse at aversive learning. However, appetitive associations did not differ significantly. No correlations with neuroticism or anhedonia were found.
LIMITATIONS: Conditioning studies typically use primary reinforcers and a CS-. Lacking these may make these results less comparable to other studies.
CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that the learning asymmetry can measure individual differences linked to personality traits, and that impulsivity, normally linked with appetitive learning, also influences aversive learning. These results enable additional studies of learning asymmetry in relation to mental disorders, which could include measurements of mental health symptoms to provide further insight into how appetitive and aversive learning interacts with mental disorders.
A preconcentrate solution containing a feces softener and surfactant is provided to maintain the pharmacological effect of orlistat and reduce the side effect of the orlistat such as unexpected oil release through the anus. A preconcentrate solution comprises feces softener and surfactant in a weight ratio of 1:0.01-1:50. The feces softener is docusate sodium. The surfactant is polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene glycolated-natural or hydrogenated castor oil. The preconcentrate solution comprises water-insoluble inorganic material, sucrose fatty acid ester, pharmaceutically allowable additive or their mixture. A method for manufacturing the preconcentrate comprises: a step of resolving the feces softener by heaing; and a step of adding surfactant to the feces softener.
MCC contains weekly phone calls from a study therapist to monitor their status and provide support as needed, without introducing any specific therapeutic interventions. These calls are brief, generally lasting between 10 to 15 minutes, and are strictly for the purpose of engagement and safety monitoring rather than therapeutic intervention.
The present study is proposing a 12-month translational study BHT DSMS to test the effectiveness of adapted Stanford DSMP in a spiritual context. A cluster randomized trial with repeated measures will be conducted to compare the effectiveness of DSMS intervention strategies among 360 adult diabetic congregants from 18 predominantly Hispanic churches in San Antonio, Texas (20 participants/church). Using cluster randomized trial design; nine churches will be randomly assigned to the Faith-Based (FB) intervention, and nine to the Faith-Placed (FP) intervention. The study will be implemented in two cohorts (8 churches for cohort 1 \& 10 churches for cohort 2). All intervention activities will be implemented over 14 consecutive weeks. Participants in the FB group will participate in BHT DSMS, which includes a Health Sermon, a 6-session Health Bible Study with cooking demonstrations, the Stanford DSMP and a Diabetes Resource Seminar delivered by two trained church lay leaders. Participants in the FP group will first attend a 7-session community health and safety curriculum as a partial attention control intervention, followed by the Stanford DSMP and Diabetes Resource Seminar facilitated by the local public health department. The primary outcome will be a change in HbA1c levels. Secondary outcomes include: changes in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), quality of life, diabetes self-care behaviors, eating behavior and physical activity level. Data will be collected at baseline, 6, 9, and 12-months during the study period. The aims of present study are 1) To test feasibility of the Stanford DSMP in FP and FB settings through observation and documentation of the implementation process, in-depth interviews with program staff and focus groups with participants to identify facilitators and barriers of the intervention. 2) To translate Stanford DSMP in a spiritual context for Hispanic faith community members and compare the effectiveness of a FB versus FP approach in improving diabetes outcomes.
NEW MATERIAL:A fractionated water-soluble high polymer substance having >=10,000 molecular weight, by extracting Didemnum varians with an aqueous solvent. USE:An antitumor agent having excellent antitumor action with extremely weak cytotoxicity and hardly any disorder in living bodies. PREPARATION:Didemnum varians which is a species of marine organism colony ascidian is extracted with water or an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble inorganic salt, such as sodium chloride, dissolved in water, etc., by a conventional method. The extract solution is collected by centrifugal separation, etc., and subjected to molecular weight fractionation by a method for dialysis, molecular sieve, etc., to afford the aimed substance having >=10,000 molecular weight. Freeze-drying, etc., of necessary, is carried out. A formulation is then prepared from the resultant fractionated substance by a conventional method to provide an antitumor agent. The dose thereof is 5-2,000mg/kg, preferably 10-500mg/kg per day in the case of an injection.
Includes all patients who receive a sham procedure. Patients will be shielded from the treatment area and cystoscopy screen. A Foley Catheter is placed into the patient's bladder and inflated. Additionally, devices will be used to produce mock deployment sounds of the Zenflow procedure. Once complete, the balloon will be deflated and the catheter will be removed, completing the procedure. Control arm subjects are followed for 3 months and exited from the study unless they elect and qualify for Crossover.
IMPORTANCE: Although the risk of parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy and subsequent risk of adverse fetal outcome are low, understanding management practices is essential for proper treatment of fetuses with nonimmune hydrops fetalis. In addition, continued investigation into delivery management, breastfeeding recommendations, and congenital abnormalities associated with pregnancies complicated by parvovirus B19 infection is needed.
OBJECTIVE: This review describes the risks associated with parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy and the management strategies for fetuses with vertically transmitted infections.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Original articles were obtained from literature search in PubMed, Medline, and OVID; pertinent articles were reviewed.
RESULTS: Parvovirus B19 is a viral infection associated with negative pregnancy outcomes. Up to 50% of people of reproductive age are susceptible to the virus. The incidence of B19 in pregnancy is between 0.61% and 1.24%, and, overall, there is 30% risk of vertical transmission when infection is acquired during pregnancy. Although most pregnancies progress without negative outcomes, viral infection of the fetus may result in severe anemia, congestive heart failure, and hydrops fetalis. In addition, vertical transmission carries a 5% to 10% chance of fetal loss. In pregnancies affected by fetal B19 infection, Doppler examination of the middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity should be initiated to surveil for fetal anemia. In the case of severe fetal anemia, standard fetal therapy involves an intrauterine transfusion of red blood cells with the goal of raising hematocrit levels to approximately 40% to 50% of total blood volume. One transfusion is usually sufficient, although continued surveillance may indicate the need for subsequent transfusions. There are fewer epidemiologic data concerning neonatal risks of congenital parvovirus, although case reports have shown that fetuses with severe anemia in utero may have persistent anemia, thrombocytopenia, and edema in the neonatal period.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Parvovirus B19 is a common virus; seropositivity in the geriatric population reportedly reaches 85%. Within the pregnant population, up to 50% of patients have not previously been exposed to the virus and consequently lack protective immunity. Concern for parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy largely surrounds the consequences of vertical transmission of the virus to the fetus. Should vertical transmission occur, the overall risk of fetal loss is between 5% and 10%. Thus, understanding the incidence, risks, and management strategies of pregnancies complicated by parvovirus B19 is essential to optimizing care and outcomes. Further, there is currently a gap in evidence regarding delivery management, breastfeeding recommendations, and the risks of congenital abnormalities in pregnancies complicated by parvovirus B19. Additional investigations into optimal delivery management, feeding plans, and recommended neonatal surveillance are needed in this cohort of patients.
PURPOSE:To obtain the title compound having improved fluidity, miscibility with other agent and storage stability and useful as a raw material for the direct tableting of tablet, etc., or an additive for food or feed, by spray-drying a dispersion of folic acid powder, wherein a part of folic acid is present in dissolved state. CONSTITUTION:A folic acid composition powder is produced by spray-drying a liquid dispersion of folic acid powder, wherein a part of the folic acid is dissolved in the liquid. The solvent used in the dispersion is water, methanol, acetone, etc., and the amount of the folic acid powder is about 30-100pts.wt., preferably 40-60pts.wt. per 100pts.wt. of the solvent. The particle diameter of the folic acid powder is <=150mum, preferably <=50mum.
* Therapy with TIKOSYN must be initiated (and, if necessary, re-initiated) in a setting that provides continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring and in the presence of personnel trained in the management of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Patients should continue to be monitored in this way for a minimum of three days. Additionally, patients should not be discharged within 12 hours of electrical or pharmacological conversion to normal sinus rhythm.
  * The dose of TIKOSYN must be individualized according to calculated creatinine clearance and QTc. (QT interval should be used if the heart rate is <60 beats per minute. There are no data on use of TIKOSYN when the heart rate is <50 beats per minute.) The usual recommended dose of TIKOSYN is 500 mcg BID, as modified by the dosing algorithm described below. For consideration of a lower dose, see Special Considerations below. 
  * Serum potassium should be maintained within the normal range before TIKOSYN treatment is initiated and should be maintained within the normal range while the patient remains on TIKOSYN therapy. (See WARNINGS, Hypokalemia and Potassium-Depleting Diuretics). In clinical trials, potassium levels were generally maintained above 3.6–4.0 mEq/L.
  * Patients with atrial fibrillation should be anticoagulated according to usual medical practice prior to electrical or pharmacological cardioversion. Anticoagulant therapy may be continued after cardioversion according to usual medical practice for the treatment of people with AF. Hypokalemia should be corrected before initiation of TIKOSYN therapy (see WARNINGS, Ventricular Arrhythmia).
  * Patients to be discharged on TIKOSYN therapy from an inpatient setting as described above must have an adequate supply of TIKOSYN, at the patient's individualized dose, to allow uninterrupted dosing until the patient can fill a TIKOSYN prescription.
PURPOSE: A composition for protecting liver containing Dictyota coriaeum extract is provided to induce quinone reductase activity and to protect liver. CONSTITUTION: A composition for protecting liver contains 0.01-25 ug/ml of Dictyota coriaeum extract as an active ingredient. The Dictyota coriaeum extract is ethanol extract. The composition is a health food composition. The health food includes soft drink, mineral water, alcohol beverage, vitamin, or mineral. The health food is used in the form of tablet, capsule, chewing tablet, granule, powder, liquid solution, suspension, dispersion solution, emulsion, or syrup.
Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), caused by the fungus Colletotrichum fructicola, is considered one of the most destructive diseases affecting apples. The VQ-WRKY complex plays a crucial role in the response of plants to biotic stresses. However, our understanding of the defensive role of the VQ-WRKY complex on woody plants, particularly apples, under biotic stress, remains limited. In this study, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the defensive role of the apple MdVQ37-MdWRKY100 module in response to GLS infection. The overexpression of MdWRKY100 enhanced resistance to C. fructicola, whereas MdWRKY100 RNA interference in apple plants reduced resistance to C. fructicola by affecting salicylic acid (SA) content and the expression level of the CC-NBS-LRR resistance gene MdRPM1. DAP-seq, Y1H, EMSA, and RT-qPCR assays indicated that MdWRKY100 inhibited the expression of MdWRKY17, a positive regulatory factor gene of SA degradation, upregulated the expression of MdPAL1, a key enzyme gene of SA biosynthesis, and promoted MdRPM1 expression by directly binding to their promotors. Transient overexpression and silencing experiments showed that MdPAL1 and MdRPM1 positively regulated GLS resistance in apples. Furthermore, the overexpression of MdVQ37 increased the susceptibility to C. fructicola by reducing the SA content and expression level of MdRPM1. Additionally, MdVQ37 interacted with MdWRKY100, which repressed the transcriptional activity of MdWRKY100. In summary, these results revealed the molecular mechanism through which the apple MdVQ37-MdWRKY100 module responds to GLS infection by regulating SA content and MdRPM1 expression, providing novel insights into the involvement of the VQ-WRKY complex in plant pathogen defence responses.
PURPOSE: A fermented Achyranthes extract for preventing and treating osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis is provided to ensure an excellent antioxidation function and to enhance generation of an anti-inflammatory factor. CONSTITUTION: A fermented Achyranthes extract for preventing and treating osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis contains 50-150 mg of 20-hydroxyecdysone per 100 g of the extract by dry weight. The extract is fermented by Bacillus subtilis. A health functional food composition for preventing and treating osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis contains the extract. The composition additionally contains extracts of Acanthopanacis Cortex, Kalopanacis Cortex, safflower seeds, and Houttuynia cordata. A method for preparing the extract comprises: a step of steaming Achyranthes; a step of inoculating Bacillus subtilis to the steamed Achyranthes; and a step of extracting and concentrating the fermented Achyranthes.
Adolescents and young adults with PCOS and liver fat greater than or equal to 4.8% will be randomized to metformin or placebo. Subjects randomized to placebo will be instructed to take one pill daily by mouth for one week and then to take one pill daily by mouth for the remainder of six months.
Moderate/Severe renal impaired participants received open label oseltamivir IV or oseltamivir capsules at reduced doses for 5 days as per protocol. If necessary, after completing the 5 days of treatment, participants could receive additional treatment with study drug as per protocol.
To successfully expand umbilical cord blood stem cells ex vivo, a microenvironment that resembles the stem cell microenvironment, or stem cell 'niche' should be created. In designing this bio-system, we make use of several observations. First, bone osteoblasts are important in promoting hematopoietic stem cell expansion, accordingly, this bio-system will ensure the physical proximity of the cord blood stem cells to a 3D bone tissue derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These MSCs will be isolated from Wharton's jelly, and by using an osteogenic medium and special scaffolds, these MSCs will differentiate into osteogenic progenitors creating a 3D bone structure. The other observation is that, co-culture of cord blood stem cells with mesenchymal stem cells is superior to liquid cultures in terms of ex vivo expansion , accordingly, in this experiment, undifferentiated MSCs will be co-cultured with cord blood stem cells in this created 3D bone structure. This is a unique design that has the potential to expand cord blood stem cells more efficiently.
This proposed study is a multi-site, single-masked (blinded), randomized controlled, parallel group clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of an at home PC-based auditory training as a supplement to standard-of-care hearing-aid intervention in veterans treated for hearing loss, with or without previous hearing-aid experience. The participants will be assigned randomly to one of three groups, with hearing-aid use stratified within the groups: (1) Group 1, HA+AT, in which the participants will receive standard-of-care hearing-aid intervention (HA) and complete the four-week LACE auditory training program (AT); (2) Group 2, HA, with the participants receiving only standard-of-care hearing-aid intervention (HA); and (3) Group 3, HA+DL, in which the participants will receive standard-of-care hearing-aid intervention (HA) and complete four-weeks of placebo auditory training, consisting of directed listening (DL) to books-on-tape. The participants in each group will attend four test sessions. During Session 1 the informed consent process will be completed, baseline assessments will be made to ensure that the participants meet the study inclusion criteria (page 52), testing of predictor variables (page 57-58) will be completed, and all hearing aids will be assessed for correct functionality (page 53). The participants then will be assigned randomly to a study group. Session 2 will occur four weeks after Session 1. During Session 2, baseline performance on the outcome measures will be assessed (page 54-57), as will performance on the predictor variables. Following testing, the participants in Groups 1 and 3 will receive training in the use of the AT or DL programs. Session 3 will occur at the end of the 4-week experimental training period. During Session 3 all participants will be retested on the outcome measures to assess short-term intervention outcomes. During Session 4, which will occur at seven-months post-study enrollment (i.e., six-months post training completion for Groups 1 and 3), all participants will be retested on all outcome measures to examine the long-term outcomes. In Sessions 2-4, the stability of hearing-aid function will be assessed through electroacoustic measures.
NEXTSTELLIS is contraindicated in females with conditions that predispose to hyperkalemia (e.g., renal impairment, hepatic impairment, and adrenal insufficiency). Females receiving daily, long-term treatment for chronic conditions or diseases with medications that may increase serum potassium concentration should have their serum potassium concentration checked during the first treatment cycle. Monitor serum potassium concentration in females at increased risk for hyperkalemia (i.e., those females who take a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor long-term and concomitantly with NEXTSTELLIS). [see Drug interactions (7)]. Monitor females taking NEXTSTELLIS who later develop medical conditions and/or begin medication that put them at an increased risk for hyperkalemia.

NEXTSTELLIS contains drospirenone, a progestin, which has anti-mineralocorticoid activity, including the potential for hyperkalemia in high-risk females, comparable to a 25 mg dose of spironolactone. In two Phase 3 trials of NEXTSTELLIS (N = 3,632) for the prevention of pregnancy in females 16-50 years of age, seven subjects were noted to have hyperkalemia and one subject discontinued due to elevated potassium levels. Most females who developed hyperkalemia in the clinical development studies of NEXTSTELLIS had only mild potassium elevations and/or isolated increases that returned to normal while still on study medication.
Study LA38-0411, an actively-controlled non-inferiority study compared the efficacy of FERRIPROX to that of deferoxamine in patients with sickle cell disease and other transfusion-dependent anemias by evaluating liver iron concentration (LIC). The efficacy of FERRIPROX was established based upon the change in LIC from baseline after 12 months of FERRIPROX (75 or 99 mg/kg/day) compared to deferoxamine (20 or 40 mg/kg (pediatric patients); 40 or 50 mg/kg (adult patients)). Patient enrollment was stopped following an interim analysis. After adjusting for the type I (alpha) error, the non-inferiority criterion was established as the upper limit of the 96.01% confidence interval for the difference between treatments being ≤2 mg/g dry weight (dw).

Data from 185 patients (122 on FERRIPROX and 63 on deferoxamine) were available. Among the 122 FERRIPROX treated patients, the mean age was 15.9 years (range 3-46); 57.4% were male; 75.4% were White, 17.2% were Black and 7.4% were Multi-racial; 85% were diagnosed with Sickle Cell Disease and 15% with other anemias. Over 12 months, the Least Squares estimate of mean decrease from baseline in LIC was 4.13 ± 0.50 mg/g dw for FERRIPROX and 4.38 ± 0.59 mg/g dw for deferoxamine, and the non-inferiority criterion was met.

Upon completion of the first year of therapy in the non inferiority study, 89 patients from the ferriprox group opted to continue with treatment and 45 from the deferoxamine group opted to switch to ferriprox treatment. This group continued for up to an additional 2 years. LIC continued to decrease over time, with the mean value dropping from 14.93 mg/g dw at baseline to 12.30 mg/g dw after one year of treatment, to 11.19 mg/g dw after two years of treatment, and to 10.45 mg/g dw after three years of treatment.
This invention provides a polysaccharide containing chitosan, manufacturing method thereof, and pharmaceuticals and food containing such polysaccharide. The polysaccharide containing chitosan was obtained by heating mushroom in a concentrated caustic alkali aqueous solution, then separating the solid content from solution and dissolved it in an organic acid aqueous solution, and thereto the alcohol or the caustic alkali was added to produce the precipitation, then the precipitate was subjected to wash and dry. Such polysaccharide containing chitosan is a compound, in which the glucosamine homopolymer and glucan is bonded by covalent bond, whereas the constructed molar ratio of glucosamine and glucan is 1 to 5:5 to 1, with a molecular weight of 150000 approximately. Said polysaccharide containing beta(1 -> 4)linkage and beta(1 -> 6)linkage but no beta(1 -> 3)linkage. Such polysaccharide does not contain protein and reducing polysaccharide. Such polysaccharide containing chitosan is useful in prophylaxis and treatment of living habit diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and the like.