anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Colchicine is an alkaloid obtained from the plant colchicum autumnale.

  


The chemical name for colchicine is (S)-N-(5,6,7,9- tetrahydro-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9 oxobenzol[a]heptalen-7-yl) acetamide. The structural formula is represented below:

  


Colchicine consists of pale yellow to pale greenish-yellow amorphous scales or powder or crystalline powder; it darkens on exposure to light. Colchicine is soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and in chloroform; slightly soluble in ether.

Colchicine capsules are supplied for oral administration. Each capsule contains 0.6 mg colchicine, USP and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and sodium starch glycolate. The capsule shell contains FD&C Blue No. 1, FD&C Red No. 40, gelatin and titanium dioxide. The capsules are imprinted with black ink containing black iron oxide, potassium hydroxide and shellac.
* Objective: To determine the effect of the daily addition of five mL of an O3 highly concentrated substance (EicosaPentaenoic Acid - EPA: 2.25 g and DocosaHexaenoic Acid - DHA: 1.08 g), to the standard enteral nutrition diet during RT (5-7 weeks), on the Quality of Life (QoL) and Functionality (Fx) of patients with HNSCC.
* Methods: Randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Patients with HNSCC (ages ranging from 18-80 years) who will receive total enteral nutrition support through percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and RT for the first time will be invited to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria are fish allergy, anticoagulant consumption, any supplement consumption 6 months prior to the experiment, any contraindication to the performance of the body composition analysis using bioelectrical impedance (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, BIA) (cardiac pacemaker, any metallic prosthesis, inability to stand, severe edema), or the presence of the mal-absorption syndrome, two or more cancer types, organ dysfunction, immune diseases, or any hospitalization during the 20 days prior to extraction of the blood sample. Patients with the consumption of any other nutritional supplement or diagnosed with any other cancer during the treatment period, or with insufficient or incorrectly processed blood-serum samples will be eliminated. After expressing their willingness to participate via the signing of the informed consent document, 86 patients with HNSCC will be allocated into two groups: The O3 Group will have the addition of 5 mL of an O3 highly concentrated substance containing 2.25 g of EPA and 1.08 g of DHA to the standard enteral diet during RT (5-7 weeks), and the Placebo or Control Group will have the addition of 5 mL of a placebo (pigmented and flavored corn oil) in a similar manner. All patients will be seen every 4 weeks at the Nutrition Support Service for nutritional assessment and counseling, and to receive the enteral nutrition containers (standard polymeric diet). On the same day, a Research Assistant (who will be blinded) will provide the supplements or the placebo. The patients' sociodemographic and clinical information, body composition, albumin, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, tumor cachexia-related cytokines: IL (Interleukin) 1a, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ (Interferon gamma), TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta), and TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor alpha); and responses for the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life C-30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30) with the Head and Neck Cancer module (EORTC-QLQ-H\&N35) questionnaires will be collected at the beginning of RT, at the end of RT, and 12 weeks after starting RT. Statistical analysis includes descriptive statistics, inference statistics (Student t-test, Mann-Whitney test, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's non-parametric test), and the Cox regression; an intention-to-treat analysis will be performed.
BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation (LT) may be associated with massive blood loss and the need for allogeneic blood transfusion. Intraoperative blood salvage autotransfusion (IBSA) can reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusion. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of blood salvage in LT.
METHODS: Among 355 adult patients who underwent elective living-donor LT between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2022, 59 recipients without advanced hepatocellular carcinoma received IBSA using Cell Saver (CS group). Based on sex, age, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, preoperative laboratory results, and other factors, 118 of the 296 recipients who did not undergo IBSA were matched using propensity score (non-CS group). The primary outcome was the amount of intraoperative allogenic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Comparisons were made between the two groups regarding the amount of other blood components transfused and postoperative laboratory findings.
RESULTS: The transfused allogeneic RBC for the CS group was significantly lower than that of the non-CS group (1,506.0 vs. 1,957.5 ml, P = 0.026). No significant differences in the transfused total fresh frozen plasma, platelets, cryoprecipitate, and estimated blood loss were observed between the two groups. The postoperative allogeneic RBC transfusion was significantly lower in the CS group than in the non-CS group (1,500.0 vs. 2,100.0 ml, P = 0.039). No significant differences in postoperative laboratory findings were observed at postoperative day 1 and discharge.
CONCLUSIONS: Using IBSA during LT can effectively reduce the need for perioperative allogeneic blood transfusions without causing subsequent coagulopathy.
Oxidative stress and inflammation play pivotal roles in the progression of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Fisetin has demonstrated promising pharmacological features; however, its underlying mechanisms in DVT remain elusive. In our study, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of Fisetin on a DVT mouse model. The protective effects of Fisetin on DVT were evaluated by comparing the size of thrombosis and detecting the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. After that, the biological processes were studied via transcriptomics after Fisetin administration. The antioxidant effect was evaluated and explained via NRF2 signaling pathway. Finally, the anti-inflammatory effect was explained according to KEGG analysis and the final mechanism was verified via Western blot. Our results found that the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were inhibited by Fisetin. Moreover, transcriptomic studies suggested that MAPK signaling pathway may be associated with the anti-inflammatory activity of Fisetin. Then, we confirmed that Fisetin administration significantly inhibited the activation of typical pro-inflammatory signaling pathways via Western blot. Finally, the results of Western blot showed that Fisetin significantly activated NRF2 signaling pathway and induced the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes. Our findings suggested that Fisetin exhibits potential therapeutic effects on DVT through its ability to attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress. The underlying mechanism may involve the suppression of MAPK-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway and activation of NRF2-mediated antioxidant signaling pathway.
PURPOSE: Neuronal activity in the brain has been reported to promote the malignant progression of glioma cells via nonsynaptic paracrine and electrical synaptic integration mechanisms. However, the interaction between neuronal activity and the immune microenvironment in glioblastoma (GBM) remains largely unclear.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: By applying chemogenetic techniques, we enhanced and inhibited neuronal activity in vitro and in a mouse model to study how neuronal activity regulates microglial polarization and affects GBM progression.
RESULTS: We demonstrate that hypoxia drove glioma stem cells (GSC) to produce higher levels of glutamate, which activated local neurons. Neuronal activity promoted GBM progression by facilitating microglial M2 polarization through enriching miR-200c-3p in neuron-derived exosomes, which decreased the expression of the m6A writer zinc finger CCCH-type containing 13 (ZC3H13) in microglia, impairing methylation of dual specificity phosphatase 9 (DUSP9) mRNA. Downregulation of DUSP9 promoted ERK pathway activation, which subsequently induced microglial M2 polarization. In the mouse model, cortical neuronal activation promoted microglial M2 polarization whereas cortical neuronal inhibition decreased microglial M2 polarization in GBM xenografts. miR-200c-3p knockdown in cortical neurons impaired microglial M2 polarization and GBM xenograft growth, even when cortical neurons were activated. Treatment with the anti-seizure medication levetiracetam impaired neuronal activation and subsequently reduced neuron-mediated microglial M2 polarization.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that hypoxic GSC-induced neuron activation promotes GBM progression by polarizing microglia via the exosomal miR-200c-3p/ZC3H13/DUSP9/p-ERK pathway. Levetiracetam, an antiepileptic drug, blocks the abnormal activation of neurons in GBM and impairs activity-dependent GBM progression. See related commentary by Cui et al., p. 1073.
Acupuncture on bilateral acupoints, that are PC6 and LI4. The pericardium meridian PC6 point (Neiguan) is defined as follows. The patient's four fingerbreadths will be placed on the medial aspect of their forearm with the edge of the 4th finger on the wrist crease. This is then subtracted from the width of the interphalangeal joint of her thumb. The point between the tendons of extensor carpi radialis and palmaris longus was the pericardium meridian PC6 point (Neiguan). The large intestine LI4 point (Hegu) located on the dorsum of the hand, between the first and second metacarpal bones, at the midpoint of the second metacarpal bone and close to its radial border.
The trial was designed as a six month, randomized, prospective, interventional pilot study of children with uncontrolled (HgbA1c \> 8.5%) diabetes who were between the ages of 7-17 years of age. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect in glycemic control as measured by HgbA1c with use of iPro™ CGM at regularly scheduled clinic appointments. Recruitment for this study was limited to patients at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio Pediatric Diabetes Clinic from May 2011 to March 2013. Subjects were randomized into Group1 or Group 2 using sequentially numbered, opaque sealed envelopes (SNOSE).

All subjects had point-of-care HgbA1c (standard of care) and CGM data collected at time points 0, 3 months, and 6 months. After a regularly scheduled clinic appointment, all subjects and families at time 0 were counseled by a registered dietician regarding carbohydrate counting with a focus on minimizing errors in carbohydrate estimation, as is standard of care for patients with poorly controlled diabetes in our clinic. At time 0, subjects in both Group 1 and 2 had CGM placement after meeting with the dietician. Group 1 subjects were blinded to the first CGM data, meaning that they did not review the CGM download data. Group 2 was scheduled to return to clinic within 2 weeks of placement to meet with a pediatric endocrinologist involved in the study to interpret the CGM results and make adjustments to insulin regimen if appropriate. Both Groups 1 and 2 were not blinded to CGM data at 3 months and 6 months. Again, the CGM was placed after their regularly scheduled diabetes clinic appointments and all families returned within 2 weeks of these visits to meet with the pediatric endocrinologist to interpret the data and adjust the insulin regimen if necessary.

The iPro™ CGM was worn for a minimum of 48 hours (2 days), maximum 96 hours (4 days). Participants were instructed to complete a minimum of 4 SMBG records daily while wearing the iPro™ CGM for system calibration purposes. Subjects documented SMBGs, meal times, carbohydrate intake, insulin doses, exercise, and any hypoglycemic symptoms in a log book for correlation to CGM data.
TDS patch delivers 1.5 mg of scopolamine over a 72-hour period. TDS arm will apply two TDS patches over the six treatment days.
PURPOSE:To provide a stable antibacterial agent composed of a compound having lactam ring, hydrophobic colloidal silicon dioxide, and an oleaginous base. CONSTITUTION:The objective antibacterial agent can be prepared by mixing an oleaginous base (e.g. glyceride of saturated fatty acid, liquid paraffin, polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil, etc.) with (A) 1.0-30.0W/W% compound having beta-lactam ring selected from the penicillin compound of formula I (e.g. propicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, etc.) or the cephem compound of formula II (e.g. cephalexin, cephalothin, etc.) and (B) 0.5-10.0W/W% hydrophobic colloidal silicon dioxide. It is applied in the form of ointment for local application, infusion for animal mammitis, agent for rectal infusion, or agent for vaginal or intrauterine infusion.
Bortezomib is administered as a 5 second IV bolus on days 1, 4, 8,11 or 1,8 and 15 of a 21-35 days cycle (Depending on the Dosing schedule). The dosage will be calculated based on actual weight of the patient unless the actual weight is greater than 40% above the ideal body weight. In this instance the dosage will be based on the adjusted ideal body weight. The Adjusted IBW (kg) = IBW + 0.25 x (actual body weight - IBW). The dosage will be adjusted based on the safety and toxicity profile, until a MTD is determined.
The invention relates to self-assembled nanofibres of chitosan and bioactive compounds, which can be used as nutraceuticals or drugs. The bioactive compounds suitable for the nanofibres of the invention are molecules of a low molecular size with acid or lactone groups, aromatic rings and hydroxyls, such as small polyphenols and mixtures thereof. The nanofibres of the invention are absorbed, without degradation, at the level of the small intestine, containing and protecting the bioactive compounds until they reach the various target organs. The nanofibres also cross the blood-brain barrier, allowing the compounds to reach the brain where they act as a controlled release system. If the bioactive compounds are neuroprotectors, such as antioxidants, the nanofibres of the invention can be used to treat or prevent neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as well as she strokes and other diseases related to aging or associated with oxidative stress. The invention also relates to the method for obtaining the nanofibres, which comprises mixing chitosan with the bioactive compounds and allowing self-assembly. The invention further relates to the dosage form containing the nanofibres of the invention, particularly for oral administration, such as tablets, coated tablets, powders, capsules, syrups, or others.
The present invention discloses an absorbable artificial biologic cannula guiding and promoting the effective regeneration of nerves and a production method thereof. A chitosan hollow circular tube with desired size and physical and mechanical properties is formed by a hollow fiber spinning and drawing technology by the raw materials of chitosan. The chitosan hollow circular tube is acetylated, and the chitin biologic cannula with partial deacetylation and the deacetylation degree of 15 to 45% is obtained. A sodium alginate water solution is used as a carrier for promoting nerve growth factors, and is attached to the cannula wall of the chitin cannula with partial deacetylation. The biologic cannula containing medicine is obtained after solidification. The absorbable artificial biologic cannula has the advantages of good biocompatibility, no toxicity or inflammation reaction to organisms, easy degradation and absorption in vivo, appropriate degradation and absorption period, and artificial regulation and control. The absorbable artificial biologic cannula is capable of promoting the growth of Schwann cells and restraining the growth of fibroblasts, and consequently, the absorbable artificial biologic cannula has good effects for guiding and promoting the effective regeneration of nerves.
PURPOSE:To obtain a cosmetic resistance to the transfer of the color from the skin to material contacting to the skin and capable of being easily wiped off from the skin, by using a powder particle having a specific diameter as a core and successively covering the core with a pigment, a transparent in organic substance, a synthetic resin, etc., each having respective specific particle size. CONSTITUTION:A powder particle having a particle diameter of 0.1-20mum (e.g. inorganic substance, synthetic resin, wool, etc.) is covered with a pigment having particle diameter of 0.01-1mum and the circumference of the covered material is further covered with transparent inorganic substance, synthetic resin, fibrous substance, etc., having particle diameter of 0.05-5mum. The amount of the pigment can be decreased and the color tone of the cosmetic can be controlled by adjusting the amount and thickness of the coating layer on the surface of the pigment. Since the particle size is uniformized in the above process, a smooth and easily spreadable cosmetic can be produced.
Breast cancer patients presenting to single center in Karachi over the period of 10 years. The aim was to look for ethnic predisposition of population, age of breast cancer, stage at arrival and menopausal status specific to our population. No intervention done.
The gel composition according to the present invention comprises an amphiphilic block polymer that comprises a hydrophilic block chain having 20 or more sarcosine units and a hydrophobic block chain having 10 or more lactate units. The gel composition of the present invention has an excellent sustained releasability of a water-soluble drug, etc. and places a reduced burden on the living body. The gel composition may be provided in the form of an organogel, hydrogel or xerogel. A xerogel can be obtained by removing a dispersion medium from an organogel. A hydrogel can be obtained by wetting a xerogel with water or an aqueous solution.
The invention relates to a fiber magnetic drug and relative preparation. Wherein, it uses the ultra-fine polymer fiber whose diameter is 50nm-10mum as the package layer; the package layer contains drug and magnetic particles. And the preparation comprises that preparing the mixture of polymer, drug and magnetic particles; then using high-voltage static spin method to spin, to pack the drug and magnetic particles in the polymer fiber; then drying, cutting and packing the polymer fiber, to obtain the final product. The inventive drug has directional magnetic force. And it has simple process, low cost, control drug release and better repeat property. The invention can be used to treat cancer, etc.
Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a structurally novel antidepressant for oral administration. It is designated (R/S)-1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] cyclohexanol hydrochloride or (±)-1-[α-[(dimethyl-amino)methyl]-p-methoxybenzyl] cyclohexanol hydrochloride and has the molecular formula of C17H27NO2 HCl. Its molecular weight is 313.87. The structural formula is shown below.

Venlafaxine hydrochloride

Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a white crystalline powder. It is freely soluble in water and dilute hydrochloric acid, soluble in ethanol and chloroform and insoluble in ether.

Each venlafaxine hydrochloride tablet intended for oral administration contains venlafaxine hydrochloride equivalent to 25 mg or 37.5 mg or 50 mg or 75 mg or 100 mg of venlafaxine. In addition, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: ferric oxide yellow, ferric oxide red, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium starch glycolate.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an ongoing inflammatory condition that affects the joints and can lead to severe damage to cartilage and bones, resulting in significant disability. This condition occurs when the immune system becomes overactive, causing osteoclasts, cells responsible for breaking down bone, to become more active than necessary, leading to bone breakdown. RA disrupts the equilibrium between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, resulting in serious complications such as localized bone erosion, weakened bones surrounding the joints, and even widespread osteoporosis. Antibodies against the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), a crucial stimulator of osteoclast differentiation, have shown great effectiveness both in laboratory settings and actual patient cases. Researchers are increasingly focusing on osteoclasts as significant contributors to bone erosion in RA. Given that RA involves an overactive immune system, T cells and B cells play a pivotal role by intensifying the immune response. The imbalance between Th17 cells and Treg cells, premature aging of T cells, and excessive production of antibodies by B cells not only exacerbate inflammation but also accelerate bone destruction. Understanding the connection between the immune system and osteoclasts is crucial for comprehending the impact of RA on bone health. By delving into the immune mechanisms that lead to joint damage, exploring the interactions between the immune system and osteoclasts, and investigating new biomarkers for RA, we can significantly improve early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this condition.
BACKGROUND: Maternal undernutrition is the most common cause of fetal growth restriction (FGR) worldwide. FGR increases morbidity and mortality during infancy, as well as contributes to adult-onset diseases including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The role of the maternal or offspring microbiome in growth outcomes following FGR is not well understood.
METHODS: FGR was induced by 30% maternal calorie restriction (CR) during the second half of gestation in C57BL/6 mice. Pup weights were obtained on day of life 0, 1, and 7 and ages 3, 4 and 16 weeks. Fecal pellets were collected from pregnant dams at gestational day 18.5 and from offspring at ages 3 and 4 weeks of age. Bacterial genomic DNA was used for amplification of the V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Multivariable associations between maternal CR and taxonomic abundance were assessed using the MaAsLin2 package. Associations between microbial taxa and offspring outcomes were performed using distance-based redundancy analysis and Pearson correlations.
RESULTS: FGR pups weighed about 20% less than controls. Beta but not alpha diversity differed between control and CR dam microbiomes. CR dams had lower relative abundance of Turicibacter, Flexispira, and Rikenella, and increased relative abundance of Parabacteroides and Prevotella. Control and FGR offspring microbiota differed by beta diversity at ages 3 and 4 weeks. At 3 weeks, FGR offspring had decreased relative abundance of Akkermansia and Sutterella and increased relative abundance of Anaerostipes and Paraprevotella. At 4 weeks, FGR animals had decreased relative abundance of Allobaculum, Sutterella, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus, among others, and increased relative abundance of Turcibacter, Dorea, and Roseburia. Maternal Helicobacter abundance was positively associated with offspring weight. Akkermansia abundance at age 3 and 4 weeks was negatively associated with adult weight.
CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate gut microbial dysbiosis in pregnant dams and offspring at two timepoints following maternal calorie restriction. Additional research is needed to test for functional roles of the microbiome in offspring growth outcomes.