anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Claudication is a chronic condition that impairs walking capacity. Lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a frequent cause of claudication. Claudication is suspected to be vascular-type (i.e. of arterial origin) when pain or discomfort occurs in the leg muscles during exercise and is relieved within 10 min of rest. The "maximal walking distance" (MWD; the distance at which pain forces the patient to stop walking) is of great importance for assessing the severity of claudication. Patient interview is the most readily accessible way of estimating walking capacity in routine clinical practice; however, patients with PAD typically poorly estimate their walking capacity. Open questions about the distance a patient can walk before limb pain or discomfort forces them to stop lack standardisation. Questions such as "Because of a health or physical problem, do you have any difficulty walking for one mile?" only allow for a yes/no response. The functional status component of the 86-item PAVK-86 questionnaire appears useful for estimating MWD, but this is a time-consuming tool. The Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ), which was proposed over a decade ago to standardise the estimation of walking capacity by patient interview, is widely used. However, the WIQ is also relatively complex (14 items with 5 possible answers for each item: 70 boxes), which often results in a large number of errors when self-completed by the patient. Furthermore, the WIQ score is difficult to obtain by mental calculation.

The investigators have developed a simple, 4-item questionnaire, called the Estimation of Ambulation Capacity by History Questionnaire (EACH-Q), for estimating walking capacity in patients with symptomatic PAD (vascular-type claudication). The EACH-Q estimates the maximal duration that can be achieved (8 possibilities ranging impossible to 3 hours or more) at 4 different displacement speeds (from slow walking to running). Scores can be obtained easily by multiplying the rank of each possible answer (impossible being zero) by a speed factor. We recently validated the EACH-Q against constant-load treadmill-walking-test performance in patients suffering from vascular-type claudication. However, further research is needed to assess the validity of the EACH-Q against other objective tests of walking capacity (e.g. incremental treadmill-walking test, 6-min walk test), and to assess its reproducibility.

Hence, the aims of this study are: (i) to assess the validity of the EACH-Q against objective measures of walking capacity obtained from the Gardner-Skinner incremental treadmill-walking test and the 6-min walk test, and; (ii) to assess the inter-day reproducibility of the EACH-Q. The results will be compared against those obtained from the WIQ, and the participant cohort will be patients suffering from vascular-type claudication.
A composition for preventing and treating liver disease is provided to ensure the effects of DNA fragmentation suppression, caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity inhibition, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibition and JNK phosphorylation inhibition. A composition for treating and preventing liver disease comprises an oroxylin A of the chemical formula A as an active ingredient. The oroxylin A suppresses the liver cell damage by bilestagnation. The liver disease is selected from autoimmunity liver disease, drug attractancy liver disease, adrenoleukodystrophy, infection liver disease, congenital metabolic liver disease, bile congestion, acute hepatitis, permanent exposure, cirrhosis, steatosis or liver cancer. The composition is contained in a ratio of 0.1-50 weight% based on total weight. A health functional food containing the oroxylin A for preventing liver disease and improving cure thereof is used in a form of powder, granule, tablet, capsule and beverage.
In general, divided daily dosing is recommended for infants and young children (under age 10). In the newborn period, renal clearance of digoxin is diminished and suitable dosage adjustments must be observed. This is especially pronounced in the premature infant. Beyond the immediate newborn period, children generally require proportionally larger doses than adults on the basis of body weight or body surface area. Children over 10 years of age require adult dosages in proportion to their body weight. Some researchers have suggested that infants and young children tolerate slightly higher serum concentrations than do adults. 

Daily maintenance doses for each age group are given in Table 6 and should provide therapeutic effects with minimum risk of toxicity in most patients with heart failure and normal sinus rhythm. These recommendations assume the presence of normal renal function:

In children with renal disease, digoxin must be carefully titrated based upon clinical response.

It cannot be overemphasized that both the adult and pediatric dosage guidelines provided are based upon average patient response and substantial individual variation can be expected. Accordingly, ultimate dosage selection must be based upon clinical assessment of the patient.
Fat-soluble vitamins, especially vitamin A contained in fish liver oils or fractions thereof, but including also the tocophenols, are concentrated by reacting a glyceride fat containing such substance with a primary or secondary monamine or diamine or a quaternary ammonium base, including substituted compounds such as ethanolamine or 1-amino-2-butanol, preferably under nitrogen or carbon dioxide and the separating the vitamin from the reaction products.  The temperature range preferred is from 80 DEG  to 150 DEG  C. with an optimum of 100 DEG  C. and reaction usually requires from about 2 to 20 hours to complete.  At least one molecular equivalent of amine should be used, based on the fatty acid content of the glyceride treated, and preferably a slight excess.  The reaction products may be treated with an acylating agent, e.g. acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride, to obtain vitamin esters prior to distillation, solvent extraction or filtration of the desired "unsaponifiable" fraction. Numerous examples are given.
PURPOSE:To obtain a suppository having excellent rectal absorbability of active agent by using a specific benzylic acid and/or its salt as an absorbefacient. CONSTITUTION:The rectal absorbability of an agent in a suppository can be remarkably improved by adding a benzylic acid of formula I (R<1> and R<2> are H, hydroxy, lower alkoxy or lower alkyl) or its salt (especially the benzylic acid of formula II) to the suppository. The agent to be used in the present suppository is preferably peptide hormones, polysaccharides (e.g. heparin), enzymes (e.g. urokinase), prostaglandins, carcinostatic agents (e.g. carboquone), etc., especially peptide hormones. The amount of the absorbefacient is preferably 0.1-20wt.%, especially 0.5-10wt.% based on the total suppository.
Cardiac fibrosis stands as one of the most critical conditions leading to lethal cardiac arrhythmias. Identifying the precise location of cardiac fibrosis is crucial for planning clinical interventions in patients with various forms of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. As fibrosis impedes and alters the path of electrical waves, detecting fibrosis in the heart can be achieved through analyzing electrical signals recorded from its surface. In current clinical practices, it has become feasible to record electrical activity from both the endocardial and epicardial surfaces of the heart. This paper presents a computational method for reconstructing 3D fibrosis using unipolar electrograms obtained from both surfaces of the ventricles. The proposed method calculates the percentage of fibrosis in various ventricular segments by analyzing the local activation times and peak-to-peak amplitudes of the electrograms. Initially, the method was tested using simulated data representing idealized fibrosis in a heart segment; subsequently, it was validated in the left ventricle with fibrosis obtained from a patient with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. The method successfully determined the location and extent of fibrosis in 204 segments of the left ventricle model with an average error of 0.0±4.3% (N = 204). Moreover, the method effectively detected fibrotic scars in the mid-myocardial region, a region known to present challenges in accurate detection using electrogram amplitude as the primary criterion.
The invention provides medicine for curing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and a preparation method thereof. The medicine is prepared from traditional Chinese medicine as raw materials, and the ingredients of the raw materials are mainly radix astragali, semen coicis, rhizoma alismatis, seaweed, dandelion, radix salviae miltiorrhizae, polygonum cuspidatum, hawthorn, radix bupleuri, folium nelumbinis and polygonum multiflorum. The medicine is prepared into a water-honeyed pill, namely a dampness-dispelling stasis-dispersing fat-fighting pill. The traditional Chinese medicine is selected according to three-method combination of clearing heat and dampness, activating blood and dissolving stasis, and soothing liver and strengthening spleen, and a prescription is formed according to a principle of dispelling dampness, removing stasis and strengthening spleen, so that the effects of removing fat, dropping enzyme and repairing damaged liver cells can be achieved. Animal acute toxicity tests and pharmacodynamic tests prove that the medicine has good safety, can obviously control blood fat and improve the fatty liver, and has an obvious effect of losing weight. The medicine is clinically applied, the basic cure rate is 57.5 percent, the total effective rate is 94.3 percent, and the curative effect is higher than that of national medicine 'simvastatin' approved by the state and the current medicine for curing the fatty liver in China.
OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the percentage of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who are disease free or who have minimal disease 3 months after thorough transurethral resection (TURB) and escalated dose methotrexate/vinblastine/doxorubicin/cisplatin (M-VAC) chemotherapy. II. Evaluate the combination of thorough TURB and escalated dose M-VAC followed by radiotherapy with respect to bladder preservation for patients who respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. III. Evaluate the proportion of patients remaining disease free and not requiring cystectomy at 1 year. IV. Evaluate the feasibility and morbidity of this treatment schedule in multiple institutions applied by urologists of possibly varying endoscopic ability.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients undergo a local transurethral resection. Patients then receive methotrexate IV on day 1, followed by vinblastine IV, doxorubicin IV, and cisplatin IV on day 2. Filgrastim (G-CSF) is administered on days 4-10. Chemotherapy is repeated every 14 days for 3 courses. After the end of chemotherapy, patients undergo another local transurethral resection in order to define response to treatment. Patients with minimal or no disease are treated with radiotherapy. Patients who still have disease undergo a cystectomy. Patients are followed every 3 months for the first 2 years, and then every 6 months until death.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 29-73 patients will be accrued for this study.
It is believed that respiratory muscle abnormalities develop earlier and more extensively than extremity muscle abnormalities in heart failure. Diaphragm dysfunction contributes to decreased quality of life while simultaneously increasing morbidity and mortality. Inspiratory muscle weakness is observed in 30-50% of patients, with the severity of weakness increasing as the disease progresses. Heart failure patients exhibit increased airway resistance and ventilatory response during exercise. Fatigue and dyspnea are common symptoms associated with exercise intolerance and decreased quality of life in heart failure patients.There is no study in the literature comparing functional exercise capacity, pulmonary function, peripheral muscle strength, dyspnea, fatigue, quality of life and physical activity level in heart failure patients with and without inspiratory muscle weakness (IMW). The aim of the study was to compare functional exercise capacity, pulmonary function, peripheral muscle strength, dyspnea, fatigue, quality of life and physical activity level in heart failure patients with and without IMW and healthy controls.

The study was planned as a cross-sectional, retrospective. Heart failure patient were divided into IMW group or not IMW group due to their MIP values. Also healthy controls who were matched for age-gender were included.
PURPOSE:To obtain a new compound capable of suppressing inflammatory reaction caused by a leukocyte at the initial stage of inflammation and inhibiting the adhesion of an activated leukocyte on cells at affected sites and accordingly capable of suppressing inflammation at any stage of an inflammatory disease caused by a leukocyte. CONSTITUTION:This is a compound of formula I (R is H, a 1-10C normal alkyl, phenethyl, etc.) or its salt, e.g. 2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-)-6-n- propoxypurine. The compound is obtained as follows. 4-Amino-5- imidazolecarboxamide is made to react with benzaldehyde to obtain a compound of formula II and the obtained product is made to react with benzyl chloride. The reaction product is subjected to an acid treatment and the product is made to react with 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-methoxymethyloxybenzoyl chloride to obtain a compound of formula III. The obtained compound is treated with a base and further made to react with a p-toluenesulfonic acid alkyl eater, etc., to obtain a compound of formula IV. Finally, the obtained product is treated with an acid and then subjected to reduction to obtain the objective compound.
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), caused by the initial interruption and subsequent restoration of coronary artery blood, results in further damage to cardiac function, affecting the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, superoxide-driven, non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death that is involved in the pathogenesis of MIRI. Ferroptosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides (LOOH) and redox disequilibrium. Free iron ions can induce lipid oxidative stress as a substrate of the Fenton reaction and lipoxygenase (LOX) and participate in the inactivation of a variety of lipid antioxidants including CoQ10 and GPX4, destroying the redox balance and causing cell death. The metabolism of amino acid, iron, and lipids, including associated pathways, is considered as a specific hallmark of ferroptosis. This review systematically summarizes the latest research progress on the mechanisms of ferroptosis and discusses and analyzes the therapeutic approaches targeting ferroptosis to alleviate MIRI.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Propofol, a widely used sedative in GI endoscopic procedures, is associated with cardiorespiratory suppression. Remimazolam is a novel ultrashort-acting benzodiazepine sedative with rapid onset and minimal cardiorespiratory depression. This study compared the safety and efficacy of remimazolam and propofol during EUS procedures.
METHODS: A multicenter randomized controlled study was conducted between October 2022 and March 2023 in patients who underwent EUS procedures. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either remimazolam or propofol as a sedative agent. The primary endpoint was cardiorespiratory adverse events (AEs) during the procedure, including desaturation, respiratory depression, hypotension, and tachycardia. Secondary endpoints were the time to achieve sedation, recovery time, quality of sedation, pain at the injection site, and satisfaction of both endoscopists and patients.
RESULTS: Four hundred patients enrolled in the study: 200 received remimazolam (10.8 ± 7.7 mg) and 200 received propofol (88.0 ± 49.1 mg). For cardiorespiratory AEs, the remimazolam group experienced fewer occurrences than the propofol group (8.5% vs 16%, P = .022). A nonsignificant trend was found toward less oxygen desaturation (1.0% vs 3.5%, P = .09), respiratory depression (.5% vs 1.5%, P = .62), hypotension (2.5% vs 5.5%, P = .12), and tachycardia (4.5% vs 5.5%, P = .68) with remimazolam than with propofol. Remimazolam showed a shorter induction time than propofol while maintaining comparable awakening and recovery times. Injection site pain was significantly lower in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group. The remimazolam group demonstrated a significantly higher quality of sedation and satisfaction scores than the propofol group, as evaluated by both endoscopists and patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Remimazolam was superior to propofol in terms of safety and efficacy during EUS examinations. (Clinical trial registration number: KCT 0007643.).
AMPION™, up to 3 mL, single intra-articular injection. Ampion is the ultrafiltrate of 5% HSA.
AIMS: Cardiovascular pathology is the main cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. CKD is associated with the accumulation of uremic toxins in the bloodstream, and indoxyl sulfate (IS) is one of the most abundant uremic toxins found in the blood of CKD patients. We conducted an in vitro study to assess the mechanisms underlying the IS-induced endothelial dysfunction that could lead to cardiovascular diseases. We also studied their extracellular vesicles (EVs) owing to their capacity to act as messengers that transmit signals through their cargo.
MAIN METHODS: EVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and tetraspanin expression. Cell lysates and isolated EVs were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, followed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to identify the altered pathways.
KEY FINDINGS: Proteomic analysis of endothelial cells revealed that IS causes an increase in proteins related to adipogenesis, inflammation, and xenobiotic metabolism and a decrease in proliferation. Extracellular matrix elements, as well as proteins associated with myogenesis, response to UV irradiation, and inflammation, were found to be downregulated in IS-treated EVs. Fatty acid metabolism was also found to be increased along with adipogenesis and inflammation observed in cells.
SIGNIFICANCE: The treatment of endothelial cells with IS increased the expression of proteins related to adipogenesis, inflammation, and xenobiotic metabolism and was less associated with proliferation. Furthermore, EVs from cells treated with IS may mediate endothelial dysfunction, since they present fewer extracellular matrix elements, myogenesis, inflammatory factors, and proteins downregulated in response to UV radiation.
Embodiments described herein provide various examples of automatically processing surgical videos to detect surgical tools and tool-related events, and extract surgical-tool usage information. In one aspect, a process for automatically tracking usages of robotic surgery tools is disclosed. This process can begin by receiving a surgical video captured during a robotic surgery. The process then processes the surgical video to detect a surgical tool in the surgical video. Next, the process determines whether the detected surgical tool has been engaged in the robotic surgery. If so, the process further determines whether the detected surgical tool is engaged for a first time in the robotic surgery. If the detected surgical tool is engaged for the first time, the process subsequently increments a total-engagement count of the detected surgical tool. Otherwise, the process continues monitoring the detected surgical tool in the surgical video.
INTRODUCTION: Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible is an unfortunate potential sequela of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. In advanced cases of ORN, mandibulectomy, and free fibula flap reconstruction are required. We hypothesized that patients undergoing fibula free flap reconstruction and mandibulectomy for ORN pose unique challenges and experience more complications than patients undergoing fibula free flaps after oncologic mandibulectomy.
METHODS: After IRB approval, we created a database of all free fibula flaps for mandible reconstruction from April 2005 through February 2019. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patient and surgical characteristics and postoperative outcomes.
RESULTS: Four-hundred seventy-nine patients met the inclusion criteria (168 ORN vs. 311 non-ORN patients). Propensity-matching was performed based on age, BMI, smoking status, preoperative chemotherapy, and virtual surgery planning use, which yielded 159 patients in each group. ORN patients received more double-skin-island fibula flaps than non-OR patients (20.8% vs. 5.7%, p < 0.001). Recipient artery other than the facial artery was utilized more commonly in ORN patients (42.1% vs. 17.0%, p < 0.001). In the unmatched cohort, ORN patients had higher rates of delayed wound healing (26.2% vs. 16.8%, p = 0.01) and surgical site infections (21.4% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.02). Rates of flap loss, return to the operating room, hematoma, operative time, and length of stay were similar between the groups. On logistic regression analysis, osteoradionecrosis was an independent risk factor for delayed wound healing.
CONCLUSION: Based on these data, mandibular reconstruction with fibula flaps for osteoradionecrosis appears more complicated than mandible reconstruction following de novo cancer resection. Surgeons should anticipate employing two skin islands for intraoral and extraoral resurfacing, utilizing unconventional recipient vessels, and managing the delayed wound healing that ensues more commonly than non-ORN patients.
A computer-implemented method, system, and computer program product are provided for Autism Spectrum Disorder assessment and intervention. The method includes receiving, by a processor device, behavioral phenomenon from a child. The method also includes generating, by the processor device, a similarity score for the child based on a similarity between the behavioral phenomenon and ASD profiles. The method additionally includes evaluating, by the processor device, the similarity score against applied behavior analysis (ABA) training courses. The method further includes determining, by the processor device, a dynamic ABA protocol from a sorted list of the ABA training courses. The method also includes controlling an operation of an interactive training device to deliver the dynamic ABA protocol to the child.
Participants will complete a 9-question quiz that will assess knowledge of colposcopy. They will then view the colposcopy educational material and answer the same 9-question quiz to assess their knowledge of colposcopy. Participants will complete the Acceptability Intervention Measure, the Intervention Appropriateness Measure, and the Feasibility of Intervention Measure. Participants will also be asked whether the educational material influences their intention to adhere to colposcopy.
Spinal injection through a 25 Gauge needle of Levobupivacaine 2.5mg and Sufentanyl 2.5 mcg in a total volume of 2 mL, placing an epidural catheter through a Tuohy 18 Gauge needle. The epidural medication consists of Levobupivacaine 0.0625% and Sufentanyl 0.25 mcg/mL. The epidural medication is administered on a programmed intermittent bolus mode (PIB) and patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). An initial fractioned bolus of 20 mL will be administered epidurally 30 min after the intrathecal injection, then automatic intermittent bolus of 10 mL will be administered, the first one after 30 min and then every 40 min. PCEA pump will allow 10 mL every 20min, all along the dilatation and expulsion period.