anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Acute renal failure is a major and serious complication of more than 200,000 cardiovascular surgeries performed on adult Americans annually (www.sts.org). The incidence of acute renal failure (ARF) after cardiac surgery (depending on criteria used to define ARF) is 1-5%, in the absence of preexisting renal dysfunction. The subset of patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery have a higher risk for the development of postoperative ARF (25-40% - ARF defined as doubling of serum creatinine; 13% - ARF defined as requirement for dialysis). This risk is further increased by various peri-operative factors, especially cardiopulmonary bypass time.

The overall postoperative mortality rate for cardiovascular surgery is 2.2%, but is much higher for thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery (8-10% for elective repair, 25-50% for ruptured thoracic aorta aneurysm repair). The major risk factor for thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery related mortality is post-operative ARF requiring dialysis. When thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery is complicated by acute renal failure, the mortality rate worsens to 50%. Thus, identifying ways to prevent acute renal failure may have a major impact on the outcome of cardiovascular surgery. A retrospective study of the use of nesiritide in cardiovascular surgery patients by our group has demonstrated a tendency towards a decreased incidence of renal failure and mortality, when the medication is used prophylactically.
A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly called a heart attack, results in the death of cardiomyocytes (CMs) in the heart. Tissue engineering provides a promising strategy for the treatment of MI, but the maturation of human engineered cardiac tissue (hECT) still requires improvement. Conductive polymers and nanomaterials have been incorporated into the extracellular matrix to enhance the mechanical and electrical coupling between cardiac cells. Here we report a simple approach to incorporate gold nanorods (GNRs) into the fibrin hydrogel to form a GNR-fibrin matrix, which is used as the major component of the extracellular matrix for forming a 3D hECT construct suspended between two flexible posts. The hECTs made with GNR-fibrin hydrogel showed markers of maturation such as higher twitch force, synchronous beating activity, sarcomere maturation and alignment, t-tubule network development, and calcium handling improvement. Most importantly, the GNR-hECTs can survive over 9 months. We envision that the hECT with GNRs holds the potential to restore the functionality of the infarcted heart.
BACKGROUND: Myocardial bridging is a cardiac anomaly where a segment of epicardial coronary arteries runs through the myocardium and can rarely cause MI. Takotsubo syndrome is a stress-induced cardiomyopathy that can mimic MI. Catecholamine surge during stress can contribute to Takotsubo syndrome, but whether this surge can trigger an inconspicuous myocardial bridging to manifest symptomatically remains unclear, and alternately, whether a myocardial bridge might cause worsening of Takotsubo syndrome is also a matter that needs further research.
CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a patient who initially presented with features of acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis and subsequently developed symptoms and ECG features suggestive of acute myocardial infarction. Echocardiography revealed features of takotsubo syndrome, and complete myocardial bridging was revealed via coronary angiography. The patient was managed conservatively with pharmacological treatment, and after a few days, echocardiographic features were reversed. As such, the diagnosis shifted toward Takotsubo syndrome with myocardial stunning due to co-existent myocardial bridging.
CONCLUSION: We report a rare case of a patient with acute bronchiectasis exacerbation with features suggestive of acute myocardial infarction who had findings of Takotsubo syndrome and complete myocardial bridging. In the beginning, it was difficult to determine whether the symptoms arose due to acute MI resulting from myocardial bridging or were solely due to takotsubo syndrome because of stress from bronchiectasis. Although myocardial bridging is often overlooked as an etiology for acute MI, this case highlights the importance of expanding the differential diagnosis to myocardial bridging in the work-up for the cause of acute MI and how Takotsubo syndrome can mimic acute MI and pose a diagnostic challenge.
BACKGROUND: People with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) commonly experience social and self-stigma. This study sought to understand the impacts of CHB-related stigma and a functional cure on stigma.
METHODS: Adults with CHB with a wide range of age and education were recruited from 5 countries and participated in 90-minute qualitative, semi-structured interviews to explore concepts related to CHB-associated stigma and its impact. Participants answered open-ended concept-elicitation questions regarding their experience of social and self-stigma, and the potential impact of reduced CHB-related stigma.
RESULTS: Sixty-three participants aged 25 to 71 years (15 from the United States and 12 each from China, Germany, Italy, and Japan) reported emotional, lifestyle, and social impacts of living with CHB, including prejudice, marginalization, and negative relationship and work experiences. Self-stigma led to low self-esteem, concealment of CHB status, and social withdrawal. Most participants stated a functional cure for hepatitis B would reduce self-stigma.
CONCLUSIONS: CHB-related social and self-stigma are widely prevalent and affect many aspects of life. A functional cure for hepatitis B may reduce social and self-stigma and substantially improve the health-related quality of life of people with CHB. Incorporating stigma into guidelines along with infectivity considerations may broaden the patient groups who should receive treatment.
Dopamine, a sympathomimetic amine vasopressor, is the naturally occurring immediate precursor of norepinephrine. Dopamine hydrochloride is a white to off-white crystalline powder, which may have a slight odor of hydrochloric acid. It is freely soluble in water and soluble in alcohol. Dopamine HCl is sensitive to alkalies, iron salts, and oxidizing agents. Chemically it is designated as 4-(2-aminoethyl) pyrocatechol hydrochloride, and its molecular formula is C8H11NO2 • HCl.

The structural formula is:

and the molecular weight is 189.64.

Dopamine hydrochloride injection is a clear, practically colorless, sterile, pyrogen-free, aqueous solution of dopamine HCl for intravenous infusion after dilution. Each milliliter of the 40 mg/mL preparation contains 40 mg of dopamine hydrochloride (equivalent to 32.31 mg of dopamine base). Each milliliter of the 80 mg/mL preparation contains 80 mg of dopamine hydrochloride (equivalent to 64.62 mg of dopamine base). Each milliliter of both preparations contains the following: Sodium metabisulfite 9 mg added as an antioxidant; citric acid, anhydrous 10 mg; and sodium citrate, dihydrate 5 mg added as a buffer. May contain additional citric acid and/or sodium citrate for pH adjustment. pH is 3.3 (2.5 to 5.0).

Dopamine must be diluted in an appropriate sterile parenteral solution before intravenous administration. ( See Dosage and Administration)
Efavirenz tablets USP are an HIV-1 specific, non-nucleoside, reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Efavirenz is chemically described as (S)-6-chloro-4-(cyclopropylethynyl)-1,4-dihydro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one. Its empirical formula is C 14H 9ClF 3NO 2 and its structural formula is: 

Efavirenz is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular mass of 315.68. It is practically insoluble in water (<10 microgram/mL).

Efavirenz tablet USP is available as capsule shaped film-coated tablets imprinted with "600" on one side and plain on other side for oral administration containing 600 mg of efavirenz and the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and sodium lauryl sulfate. The film coating contains Instacoat Universal. Instacoat Universal contains HPMC 2910/Hypromellose, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, red iron oxide, black iron oxide and yellow iron oxide. Opacode black ink contains propylene glycol, shellac glaze and ferrosoferric oxide.
Patients who were scheduled for elective percutaneous nephrolithotomy were randomized into two groups: Group TAP and Group IV. General anesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg, fentanyl 1 mcgr/kg and rocuronium 0,6 mg/kg and maintained with sevoflurane 2% in 40%:60% oxygen/air mixture and fentanyl 0,5 mcgr/kg and rocuronium 10 mg, if necessary. Unilateral Transversus abdominis plane block was performed with total of 30 ml volume of local anesthetic solution (20ml Bupivacaine 0,125% and 10ml Lidocaine 1%) after intubation but before surgery to the Group TAP patients. Paracetamol 1 gr, iv was given to the Group IV 20 minutes before the end of the surgery. Also 100mg Tramadol,iv was administered 20 minutes before the end of the surgery to the both groups. Morphine iv patient controlled analgesia was applied to both groups. Perioperative fentanyl consumption; postoperative Verbal Analog Scale, morphine consumption and additional analgesic drug requirement were determined. Data of perioperative complications and adverse effects were also collected. Chi square with Yates correction and Mann Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis.
Patients receive GTI-2040 IV continuously on days 1-6 and high-dose cytarabine IV over 4 hours once daily on days 2-6. In both strata, treatment continues in the absence of unacceptable toxicity.
Identification of areas of high disease risk has been one of the top goals for infectious disease public health surveillance. Accurate prediction of these regions leads to effective resource allocation and faster intervention. This paper proposes a novel prediction surveillance metric based on a Bayesian spatio-temporal model for infectious disease outbreaks. Exceedance probability, which has been commonly used for cluster detection in statistical epidemiology, was extended to predict areas of high risk. The proposed metric consists of three components: the area's risk profile, temporal risk trend, and spatial neighborhood influence. We also introduce a weighting scheme to balance these three components, which accommodates the characteristics of the infectious disease outbreak, spatial properties, and disease trends. Thorough simulation studies were conducted to identify the optimal weighting scheme and evaluate the performance of the proposed prediction surveillance metric. Results indicate that the area's own risk and the neighborhood influence play an important role in making a highly sensitive metric, and the risk trend term is important for the specificity and accuracy of prediction. The proposed prediction metric was applied to the COVID-19 case data of South Carolina from March 12, 2020, and the subsequent 30 weeks of data.
A method for combating unwanted conditions downstream of the mouth with adhering troches. A method to treat or reduce replication of a virus in throat tissues by releasing an anti-viral from an adhering disc. A method to treat sore throat with time release of Glycyrrhiza extract or collagen from an adhering disc. A method to treat sore throat with topically applied cobalamin. An adhering troche that releases antacid, alginate, bismuth subsalicylate, soluble zinc, such as zinc gluconate, bioactive vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin), antibiotic, or anti-viral. A method to combat bacterial effects downstream of the mouth with topically applied xylitol.
This will be a phase 2, open-label study to assess the humoral and cellular immune response to the FDA-approved 9-valent HPV recombinant vaccine in transgender persons assigned male at birth (TG-AMAB). At baseline, TG-AMAB with HIV and HIV negative assigned male at birth (AMAB) controls will provide blood samples and anal swabs for evaluation of HPV immunity, anal HPV and anal dysplasia. All participants will undergo a 3-dose vaccine series of the Gardasil vaccine (at Day 0, Month 2 and Month 6). Participants will then return one month after completion of third vaccine (Month 7) to provide repeat blood samples and anal swabs. Samples will be compared pre and post vaccination and in-between participants based on HIV and gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) status.

Any participant with human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) and/or anal dysplasia on anal cytology at any point will be referred to high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) for clinical management. Anal biopsies will be procured from different pathology laboratories - after clinical evaluation has been complete - for research analysis, including confocal microscopy. Those who had anal dysplasia at study entry will undergo repeat HRA, as clinically indicated, and will have an optional study visit following their repeat HRA to provide blood draw and anal swabs.
OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular diseases are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children with chronic renal failure. Cardiac evaluation and followup are crucial for these patients before and after renal transplant. Echocardiography is a noninvasive imaging modality that allows for the assessment of cardiac structure and function.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively investigated pretransplant and posttransplant echocardiography findings for 55 pediatric patients who had underwent kidney transplant. We recorded patient characteristics before and after transplant, including age, sex, follow-up period, etiology of renal failure, left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameters and the associated z scores, left ventricular mass indexes and z scores, ejection fraction and fractional shortening, aortic valve and atrioventricular valve insufficiencies, presence of pulmonary hypertension, and pericardial effusion (if any) in echocardiography. All participants underwent echocardiography at baseline and after 6 months following the transplant procedure.
RESULTS: Posttransplant echocardiography evaluations showed that the z scores of left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameters decreased significantly, mitral regurgitation decreased, and left ventricular systolic functions and left ventricular mass index increased.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that kidney transplant has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular status of patients with end-stage renal disease, as shown by improvements in both structural and functional echocardiographic features. Cardiac functions must be monitored regularly before and after transplant. Transplantation is the optimal treatment option for preservation and improvement of cardiovascular functions.
Stem cell therapy (SCT) is a promising solution for addressing health challenges in Africa, particularly non-communicable diseases (NCDs). With their regenerative potential, stem cells have the inherent capacity to differentiate into numerous cell types for tissue repair. Despite infrastructural, ethical, and legal challenges, SCT holds immense promise for managing chronic illnesses and deep-seated tissue injuries. The rising prevalence of NCDs in Africa highlights the need for innovative strategies and treatment options. SCT offers hope in combating conditions like burns, osteoarthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, heart failure and cancer, potentially reducing the burden of NCDs on the continent. Despite SCT's opportunities in Africa, there are significant obstacles. However, published research on SCT in Africa is scarce, but recent initiatives such as the Basic School on Neural Stem Cells (NSC) express interest in developing NSC research in Africa. SCT research in African regions, notably on neurogenesis, demonstrates a concentration on studying neurological processes in indigenous settings. While progress has been made in South Africa and Nigeria, issues such as brain drain and impediments to innovation remain. Clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of stem cell treatments, emphasising both potential benefits and limitations in implementing these therapies efficiently. Financing research, developing regulatory frameworks, and resolving affordability concerns are critical steps toward realizing the potential of stem cell treatment in Africa.
Biliary strictures afterlivertransplant are amenable to endoscopic dilatation or percutaneous dilatation and stenting in most cases. In rare cases, for recurrence or tight stricture, surgery is required, and hepaticojejunostomy is the favored procedure. We report a case of posttransplant stricture in a duct-to-duct anastomosis that could not be accessed due to prior gastric bypass. Despite multiple percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography dilatations, the stricture recurred, and the patient was taken up for bilioenteric bypass. During surgery, dense adhesions in the infracolic compartment with chronically twisted jejunal loops, due to prior mini gastric bypass, were encountered, which prevented the creation of a jejunal Roux limb. Hepaticoduodenostomy was performed with no recurrence of stricture at 12 months. Hepaticoduodenostomy is a viable option for surgical management of recurrent biliary strictures, especially in a setting of prior bariatric/diversion procedures.
The present invention discloses pinecone chrysanthemum polysaccharide, a preparing method thereof, a medicinal preparation containing the pinecone chrysanthemum polysaccharide and an application of the medicinal preparation to the preparation of medicines for treating various inflammation, promoting immunity and resisting viruses, bacteria and SARS particularly. The pinecone chrysanthemum polysaccharide is extracted from pinecone chrysanthemum as raw material, the content of total sugar is from 75 to 95%, and the average molecular weight is between 30000 and 80000. Monosaccharide in the total sugar comprises 30 to 75% of glucose, 10 to 60% of fructose and 5 to 20% of arabinose. The preparing method comprises: pinecone chrysanthemum is boiled in water and precipitated by alcohol, and concentrated extract solution after the water boiling of the pinecone chrysanthemum is dissolved in a polar solvent to removing protein and other impurities; after the polar solvent is removed, alcohol is used for precipitation, and precipitates are collected; the precipitates are separated to obtain the pinecone chrysanthemum polysaccharide with the molecular weight of 3000 to 130000, and power of the pinecone chrysanthemum polysaccharide can be obtained through further treatment. The pinecone chrysanthemum polysaccharide does not contain other impurities and is directly prepared into medicines, so that the dosage is greatly reduced, the therapeutic effect is specific, and no toxic or side effect exists. The product quality is stable and is easy to control.
PURPOSE: To obtain a cholecystokinin secretion-stimulating agent useful for treating diseases such as pancreatitis and cystic dyskinesia and having a cholagogic action. CONSTITUTION: The cholecystokinin secretion-stimulating agent contains one or more kinds of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Platycodon grandiflorum DC., platycodin D and glycyrrhizin as active ingredients. The agent is used in a form such as an extract obtained by extracting the materials or a powder obtained by grinding the materials, but may also be used in any form. The extract includes various hydrocarbon solvent extracts, but are preferably water extracts. The platycodin D and the glycyrrhizin are obtained by extracting and isolating from the Platycodon grandiflorum DC., and the Glycyrrhiza glabra L., respectively. When used as the active ingredients, the Glycyrrhiza glabra L., and Platycodon grandiflorum DC. are preferably used in amounts of 2.5-3.5 pts.wt. and 1.5-2.5 pts.wt., respectively.
Objective:To analyze the clinical feature, diagnosis and treatment of Anca-associated vasculitis with ear symptoms. Methods:In this retrospective study, we summarized the clinical and laboratory examination, pure tone audiometry, aural immittance measurement, CT scan of temporal bone and treatment of 40 patients in the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital. Results:A total of 11 cases(27.5%) had the initial symptom in the ear. The most common symptoms were hearing loss, and the other symptoms included a sense of ear fullness, otorrhea and tinnitus. There were 35 cases with hearing loss: 19 cases with conductive hearing loss(47.5%), 9 cases with sensorineural hearing loss(22.5%), and 7 cases with mixed hearing loss(17.5%). 5 cases had a sense of ear fullness or tinnitus, and the results of the hearing test were normal(12.5%). All of the 40 patients had multi-system involvement, and respiratory system accounted for the most. All patients had a positive result of Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA). Treatment included systemic hormonal, immunosuppressive, or biologic therapy. There were 3 cases recovered(7.5%), 22 cases with alleviated ear symptoms(55.0%), 6 cases with recurrent hearing loss(15%) and 9 cases had no significant improvement(22.5%). Conclusion:Conductive deafness(secretory otitis media) can be the first manifestation in the early stage of otitis media with AAV(OMAAV), later it may turn to binaural mixed deafness. Otolaryngologists need to consider OMAAV diagnosis when diagnosing and treating patients with recurrent secretory otitis media. Multi-system symptom consultation and ANCA examination can help identify. Early systemic medication and the application of immunosuppressants or biological agents can help relieve the ear symptoms.
Radical therapy (radiotherapy or prostatectomy \[radiotherapy can be external beam or brachytherapy\]). In patients undergoing radiotherapy a maximum of 6-months neo-adjuvant hormonal therapy will be allowed. In patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, cytoreduction of maximum 6 months with medication will be permissible, provided this is part of local practice.
The present invention relates to high surface area lyophilized compositions containing arsenic for oral administration in a patient. And in particular to the treatment of malignant tumors such as tumors or cancers by oral administration of a lyophilized composition comprising arsenic to a subject in need thereof. Malignant tumors include various hematological malignant tumors such as Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) (including Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), multiple Myeloma (MM) and lymphoma, and solid tumors including glioblastoma multiforme and breast cancer. Arsenic treatment has shown great promise in the treatment of several cancers, but requires daily Intravenous (IV) administration. The present invention relates to a novel formulation comprising a lyophilized composition comprising arsenic. As a result, the formulation achieves systemic bioavailability comparable to Intravenous (IV) administration of arsenic trioxide, which is currently being practiced. The invention also relates to a method for lyophilizing arsenic trioxide, preparing an oral formulation comprising a lyophilized composition comprising arsenic, and a method for treating a subject suffering from a malignancy using the oral formulation.