anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of XARACOLL were evaluated in two randomized, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trials in patients undergoing open inguinal repair under general anesthesia.

In Study 1, 298 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 53.2 years (range 19 to 86) and patients were predominantly male (96%). In Study 2, 312 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 49.7 years (range 18 to 85) and patients were predominantly male (98%). In each study, three XARACOLL implants, containing 100 mg bupivacaine HCl each, were cut in half. Three halves were placed into the hernia repair site below the site of mesh placement. The muscle/fascial layer was closed and the remaining three halves were placed between the fascia/muscle closure and the skin closure. The placebo consisted of three implants without bupivacaine HCl, similarly prepared and placed. Use of low-dose lidocaine, administered topically or subcutaneously for intravenous catheter placement, or administered intravenously during the induction of general anesthesia prior to surgery and placement of XARACOLL, was reported.

Pain intensity was rated by the patients using a 0 to 10 numerical rating scale at multiple time points up to 72 hours. Immediately postoperatively, patients were allowed parenteral morphine rescue medication as needed. Once tolerating oral intake, patients received a standard acetaminophen regimen (650 mg orally three times daily) and immediate-release oral morphine (15 mg) was available as needed.

The primary outcome measure was the time-weighted sum of pain intensity from Time 0 through 24 hours (SPI24). The secondary endpoints were total use of opioid analgesia from Time 0 through 24 hours (TOpA24), time-weighted sum of pain intensity from Time 0 through 48 hours (SPI48), total use of opioid analgesia from Time 0 through 48 hours (TOpA48), time-weighted sum of pain intensity from Time 0 through 72 hours (SPI72), and total use of opioid analgesia from Time 0 through 72 hours (TOpA72).

In both Study 1 and Study 2, there was a statistically significant treatment effect for XARACOLL compared to placebo in SPI 24 and TOpA24. There was no statistically significant treatment effect for XARACOLL compared to placebo in SPI72 and TOpA72. Table 3 shows the mean sum of pain intensity over the first 24 hours after surgery.

SD=standard deviation; CI=confidence interval;  
SPI (sum of pain intensity):

The proportion of patients who did not receive opioid rescue analgesia through 72 hours in the XARACOLL and placebo treatment groups was 36% and 22%, respectively, in Study 1, and 28% and 12%, respectively, in Study 2. The median time to first opioid rescue analgesia in the XARACOLL and placebo treatment groups was 11 hours and 1 hour, respectively, in Study 1, and 6 hours and 1 hour, respectively in Study 2.
PURPOSE:The titled composition having improved medicinal effect on applied part, having extremely improved dispersion stability of drug without using a specific addition agent, by making a drug insoluble in an oily base into specific particle diameter, adding it to the oily base. CONSTITUTION:A drug essentially insoluble in an oily base, such as an antibacterial agent such as chlorhexidine hydrochloride, DEKARINIUM chloride, etc., an anti-inflammatory such as zinc oxide, indomethacin, etc. is made into fine powder having <=10mu average particle diameter (containing no particles having >15mu particle diameter, having <=7mu average particle diameter), and added to an oily base. The titled composition is prepared by blending a mixture of the powdered drug having about 50mu to be ordinarily fed and the oily base, etc. with a medium (e.g., Ottawa sand, glass, alumina) having 0.1-0.5mm., especially 0.1-0.2mm. particle diameter, pulverizing the drug, removing the medium (filtration under pressure or centrifugation).
BACKGROUND: The University of California Fetal Consortium published that 55% of infants with gastroschisis develop growth faltering by hospital discharge. To address this problem, we developed a nutrition pathway emphasizing (1) early provision of parenteral macronutrients, (2) use of human milk, and (3) growth faltering treatment. This study's goals were to assess adherence to and efficacy of this pathway in infants with gastroschisis across six California hospitals.
METHODS: In 2015, the consortium standardized the care for infants with gastroschisis. To decrease growth faltering rates, between 2019 and 2020, nutrition guidelines were proposed, discussed, revised, and initiated. This study's primary outcome was weight or linear growth faltering (z score decline ≥0.8 in weight or length) at hospital discharge. Adherence measures were assessed.
RESULTS: One hundred twenty-six infants with gastroschisis were born prepathway; 52 were born postpathway. Median gestational age was similar between cohorts. Adherence to components of the pathway ranged from 58% to 95%. The proportion of infants with weight or linear growth faltering at discharge was lower after pathway initiation (59.4% vs 36.2%, P = 0.0068). Adjusting for gestational age and fetal growth restriction, the pathway was associated with decreased weight or linear growth faltering (odds ratio [OR] 0.35 [0.16-0.75], P = 0.0060) and decreased linear growth faltering (OR 0.24 [0.096-0.56], P = 0.0062) at discharge. Hypertriglyceridemia, cholestasis, and days to full feeds were similar to published cohorts.
CONCLUSION: Fewer infants with gastroschisis experienced weight or length growth faltering at hospital discharge following the implementation of a multicenter nutrition pathway.
BACKGROUND: Effective drugs for preventing or treating skin flap necrosis remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of exendin-4 against skin flap ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) through the inhibition of ferroptosis.
METHOD: A rat abdomen was constructed with an island skin flap, and the superficial vascular pedicle of the abdominal wall was closed using a vascular clamp, which was removed after 8 h. Before surgery, RSL3 and ferrostatin-1 solutions were intraperitoneally injected. After the surgery, subcutaneous injections of exendin-4 were administered daily. The number of inflammatory cells, mean vascular density, collagen fiber content, and apoptosis and ferroptosis indicators were quantified 24 h after reperfusion. Survival, contraction rate, and blood perfusion of the skin flap were evaluated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after reperfusion.
RESULTS: The flap survival rate was significantly higher in the exendin-4 group than that in the injury group, whereas the contraction rate was lower. Compared with the injury group, the exendin-4 group showed less inflammatory cell infiltration, higher vascular density, and less collagen fiber loss. At the molecular level, the exendin-4 group demonstrated opposite or elevated expression of apoptosis and ferroptosis indicators than those in the injury group, with significantly increased glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4). Ferroptosis inhibitors and agonists enhanced and reversed the protective effects of exendin-4, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Exendin-4 alleviates skin flap IRI by upregulating Gpx4 expression to inhibit ferroptosis. Therefore, exendin-4 may serve as a novel clinical treatment for skin flap IRI.
Single port, select-a-flow pump and two 750mL ON-Q balls filled with bupivacaine 0.125% saphenous (adductor canal) nerve block and single port, fixed flow pump and two 400mL ON-Q ball with bupivacaine 0.125% wide field posterior knee block to provide analgesia from surgery up to 7 days post-operative. The second ball for each location will be provided pre-operatively, along with patient education for connection.
Dexmedetomidine is a promising alternative sedative agent for moderate-severe Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Although the data are limited, the posited benefits of dexmedetomidine in this population are a reduction in secondary brain injury compared with current standard sedative regimens. In this scoping review, we critically appraised the literature to examine the effects of dexmedetomidine in patients with moderate-severe TBI to examine the safety, efficacy, and cerebral and systemic physiological outcomes within this population. We sought to identify gaps in the literature and generate directions for future research. Two researchers and a librarian queried PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and APA PsycINFO databases. Of 920 studies imported for screening, 11 were identified for inclusion in the review. The primary outcomes in the included studied were cerebral physiology, systemic hemodynamics, sedation levels and delirium, and the presence of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity. Dexmedetomidine dosing ranged from 0.2 to 1 ug/kg/h, with 3 studies using initial boluses of 0.8 to 1.0 ug/kg over 10 minutes. Dexmedetomidine used independently or as an adjunct seems to exhibit a similar hemodynamic safety profile compared with standard sedation regimens, albeit with transient episodes of bradycardia and hypotension, decrease episodes of agitation and may serve to alleviate symptoms of sympathetic hyperactivity. This scoping review suggests that dexmedetomidine is a safe and efficacious sedation strategy in patients with TBI. Given its rapid onset of action and anxiolytic properties, dexmedetomidine may serve as a feasible sedative for TBI patients.
113,483. Elias, O. A. Feb. 22, 1917. Radio-active preparations.-A cotton or other absorbing medium wound on a cartridge or receptacle which is preferably secured to the tube of a siphon bottle, as described in Specification 26992/13, is impregnated with a solution of a radio-active salt, dried, treated to render the radio-active material insoluble, and rendered impervious to water by treatment with an alcoholic solution of a phenol-formaldehyjde condensation product and by stoving for two hours at 110‹ C. The cartridge may be rendered self-luminous by coating with zinc sulphide. Instead of using a separate cartridge, the cotton may be wound directly on the siphon tube. Specification 10926/05 also is referred to.
Basketball is a physically demanding and high-paced sport that requires balance, strength, stability, and agility. Kinesio taping, a method commonly used in athlete health where physiotherapists are involved, will be examined for its effect on the lower extremities of young basketball players. Kinesio tape allows for approximately 50-60% elongation of its own length and has a thickness similar to that of the epidermis layer of the skin. It can be applied with appropriate technique and tension to reduce pain, swelling, and muscle spasms, as well as to correct mechanical issues. In this study, researchers aimed to investigate the effect of kinesio taping on adolescent male basketball players. Kinesio taping will be applied to two different areas: the ankle and knee regions. The overall goal of this application is to increase stability and balance. The results of the applied tests will be evaluated. The effects of kinesio taping on balance, agility, and jumping performance in basketball players will be examined. In the research, parameters of balance, agility, and jumping performance will be examined. Researchers have specific tests for these parameters, including the Star Balance Test for balance, the T-Agility Test for agility, and the Vertical Jump Test for jumping performance. In the Star Balance Test, lines are drawn on the ground. The individual stands on their dominant foot and reaches out with the tip of the contralateral foot to touch these lines, and points are recorded. In the T-Agility Test, a course is set up, and the participant is asked to complete it as quickly as possible, with time being recorded.

As implied by its name, cones are placed in a T-shape for the T-Agility Test, and the individual is required to touch the cones and return to the starting point as quickly as possible. In the Vertical Jump Test, the individual is asked to jump as high as possible against a wall-mounted ruler, and the highest point reached is recorded. The Kinesio tape used in the study is designed to reflect the characteristics of the skin and allow for approximately 55-60% elongation of its original length. These tests are first conducted without Kinesio tape and then repeated with Kinesio tape applied. Rest intervals are provided between tests.

All participants will be asked to fill out a sociodemographic form and a consent form
Patients in this study arm will receive 50 mg of mirabegron daily in the form of tablets, which is used to treat OAB according to current treatment guidelines. Additionally they will twice a week receive an actual extracorporeal electromagnetic stimulation in the duration of 20 minutes, for 8 weeks.
A mathematical model, and membranes and devices based upon that model, to optimize protocols for the addition or removal of cryoprotectant to or from biological cells. This disclosure describes the use of four equations to predict optimal protocols to add or remove cryoprotectant to or from biological cells. The equations particularly require experimentally found data, specific to cell-type and species, regarding the osmotic tolerance of the cells, where osmotic tolerance refers to the cells ability to shrink or swell to various changes in osmolality without injury. The equations further require the cryoprotectant permeability coefficient and the water permeability coefficient of the particular cells' plasma membrane. These coefficients are found with experimental data of the knetic volume change of the cell-type to a known concentration and temperature of cryoprotectant. Also disclosed are particularly preferred methods and devices to add or remove cryoprotectant to or from these cells based upon these equations.
The investigators will conduct a pilot dose-response evaluation of a single dose of the anti-psychotic drug ziprasidone (Geodon). The investigators will start with a single 20mg pill given to (3) subjects and will increase the dosage in sequential subjects until the desired sedation effect is achieved (i.e. 40 and 60mg tablets). If Ziprasidone causes the desired sedation effect additional healthy subjects will be recruited to take the medication and have an electroencephalogram (EEG) taken.
Poststroke inflammation is essential in the mechanism of secondary injury, and it is orchestrated by resident microglia, astrocytes, and circulating immune cells. Edaravone dexborneol (EDB) is a combination of edaravone and borneol that has been identified as a clinical protectant for stroke management. In this study, we verified the anti-inflammatory effect of EDB in the mouse model of ischemia and investigated its modulatory action on inflammation-related cells. C57BL/6 male mice, which had the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), were treated (i.p.) with EDB (15 mg/kg). EDB administration significantly reduced the brain infarction and improved the sensorimotor function after stroke. And EDB alleviated the neuroinflammation by restraining the polarization of microglia/macrophages and astrocyte toward proinflammatory phenotype and inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) and chemokines (including MCP-1 and CXCL1). Furthermore, EDB ameliorated the MCAO-induced impairment of Blood-brain barrier (BBB) by suppressing the degradation of tight junction protein and attenuated the accumulation of peripheral leukocytes in the ischemic brain. Additionally, systemic EDB administration inhibited the macrophage phenotypic shift toward the M1 phenotype and the macrophage-dependent inflammatory response in the spleen and blood. Collectively, EDB protects against ischemic stroke injury by inhibiting the proinflammatory activation of microglia/macrophages and astrocytes and through reduction by invasion of circulating immune cells, which reduces central and peripheral inflammation following stroke.
BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressive therapy is essential for to prevent graft rejection in renal transplant patients; however, it is associated with elevating the risk of several pathologies in these patients particularly infectious and neoplastic conditions. In this study, we explore the diagnosis and treatment of skin lesions in renal transplant patients.
METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 12 renal transplant recipients referred to plastic and reconstructive surgery with skin lesions from 2000 to 2020 was performed.
RESULTS: The mean age of the 12 patients was 49.6 years. Time to plastic surgery after renal transplantation ranged between 1 and 16 years. Nine cases of basal cell carcinoma, 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 case of skin and soft tissue infection of the lower extremity and cutaneous extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type was observed. Flaps, skin grafts, and artificial dermis grafts constitute the main reconstructive methods. There were no postoperative infections or wound dehiscence.
CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous infections and skin malignancy account for most of the skin lesions developing after renal transplantation. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder warrants equal attention and should not be disregarded. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve prognosis as patients with longer duration of transplant were found to have more aggressive tumors. Plastic and reconstructive surgery offers a safe therapeutic method of treatment in these cases.
Chronic knee pain due to osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease. Many therapeutic options have been used to manage this pain . Although there are many pharmacological and surgical treatment options for knee osteoarthritis, these entail a number of concerns. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used for the initial management of osteoarthritis . Intra-articular corticosteroid injection is another option suggested in the guidelines for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis . Surgical procedures are generally performed in cases unresponsive to the conservative treatment options. Joint replacement is the most commonly performed surgical procedure .Genicular nerve ablation with radiofrequency (RF) has recently become a promising treatment option in the management of osteoarthritis related knee pain. In conventional monopolar radiofrequency ablation (MRFA) technique, the localisation of genicular nerves is done through sensory stimulation at the junction of epicondyle with the shaft of femur bone near periosteum. Added to this, the procedure can be distressing when during localisation of genicular nerves the RF cannula comes in contact with pain-sensitive structures such as the periosteum and ligament insertion sites . Bipolar radiofrequency ablation Two radiofrequency cannula are advanced towards the nerve. The novel idea to use bipolar RFA in this study was to produce a larger lesion, thus may minimize the chance to miss the lesion of genicular nerves. Also Placing two electrodes avoids manipulation required to localise the genicular nerves with inadvertent stimulation of pain-sensitive periosteum . So investigaters need to see experimentally if bipolar radiofrequency ablation (BRFA) near the target nerve area without manipulation for localisation of genicular nerves has the ability to reduce the procedural pain than Monopolar radiofrequency.
Disclosed in the present invention are an  18 F-PET/CT tracer comprising 7-deazaadenine base as a parent nucleus and a preparation method therefor. Disclosed in the present invention are a compound represented by formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 1  and R 2  are each independently selected from H or C 1 -C 5  alkyl; and X is independently selected from  11 C,  18 F,  15 O or  13 N. Also disclosed in the present invention are a preparation method for and use of the compound represented by formula I. The present invention successfully prepares an  18 F-PET/CT tracer comprising 7-deazaadenine base as a parent nucleus:  18 F-HX tracer. Experimental results show that the  18 F-HX tracer prepared in the present invention can be taken up stably in tumors, which is three times higher than that in muscle tissue. Thus, the  18 F-PET/CT tracer of the present invention is desirably applied to PET/CT imaging, and changes the situation wherein there is a lack of tracers for lung cancer. (I)
PURPOSE: Trauma has the potential to cause haemorrhage, tissue damage, pain, visceral manipulation and psychological distress. Each of these consequences of trauma can cause changes in autonomic outflow, which dictates a patient's vital signs. Patients who are hypotensive and bradycardic due to a vagally mediated parasympathetic response to pain, psychological distress and visceral manipulation may be confused with those who exhibit bradycardia and hypotension following significant blood volume loss.
METHODS: This review summarises literature that describes specific stimuli, patterns of injury and patient characteristics that are associated with a non-haemorrhagic vagal response to trauma.
RESULTS: Twenty-six records described predominantly parasympathetic responses to trauma (both blunt and penetrating) and surgery ("iatrogenic trauma"). Such a non-haemorrhagic vagal response occurs following a wide variety of injury patterns. Patient age and sex are poor predictors of the likelihood of a non-haemorrhagic vagal response. The development and resolution of a non-haemorrhagic vagal response occurs over a heterogenous time period. It is unclear whether speed of onset and resolution is linked to the pattern of injury or other factors causing a predominantly parasympathetic response following non-haemorrhagic trauma.
CONCLUSION: The pattern of injury, patient demographic and speed of onset / resolution associated with the non-haemorrhagic vagal response to trauma may is heterogenous. It is therefore challenging to clinically distinguish between the hypotensive bradycardia due to hypovolaemia secondary to haemorrhage, or a parasympathetic response to trauma in the absence of bleeding.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a liposome preparation effective for preventing and treating arteriosclerosis and hyperlipoproteinemia, having no adverse effect on plasminogen playing an important role on thromboclasis, by using ribozyme, esp. a specific kind of ribozyme. SOLUTION: This liposome preparation comprises, as active ingredient, ribozyme capable of effectively acting intracellularly, pref. a kind of ribozyme capable of decomposing the mRNA of apoprotein(a). (or pref. a kind of liposome treated with Sendai virus or a treated product thereof), specifically, pref. a kind of ribozyme as a new RNA strand (or its analogue) of the formula [X is any nucleotide; Xn and Xm are each any oligonucleotide, being joined into a stem loop, or forming the complementary sequence of the mRNA of apoprotein(a) together with 3'-(Y)CA(Z)-5'; (Y) and (Z) are each a tri- or higher basic nucleotide].
NKTR-102 (Topoisomerase I Inhibitor Polymer Conjugate) is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugate of irinotecan. Irinotecan is a topoisomerase I inhibitor approved worldwide. In the US, irinotecan is indicated as a component of first-line therapy in combination with 5 fluorouracil (5 FU) and leucovorin for patients with metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum. Irinotecan is also indicated for patients with metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum whose disease has recurred or progressed following initial fluorouracil-based therapy.

Second-line therapy for colorectal cancer typically involves cetuximab and irinotecan. However, growing evidence indicates that cetuximab (or other EGFR inhibitors) is not appropriate therapy for patients with mutant KRAS. For these patients, irinotecan may be appropriate as a single agent, and a new therapy that could improve upon efficacy and safety would provide an important option for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.