Owing to the massive outbreak of COVID-19, as of March 9, 2020, the virus has reportedly caused 108,618 infections and 3,800 deaths globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 disease a public health emergency of international concern. As there has yet been specific therapeutic or vaccine for the condition, rigorous implementation of traditional public health measures including isolation, quarantine, social distancing, and community containment is the principle strategy to control the COVID-19 epidemic. In addition to the isolation of confirmed COVID-19 infected patients from noninfected population, it is equally if not more important to quarantine asymptomatic individuals with possible exposure to COVID-19 in order to reduce the viral spread. Indeed, quarantine measures have been initiated in many countries and regions, which restrict movements of asymptomatic individuals with COVID-19 exposure often with fever and symptom surveillance at home or designated facilities for the presumed incubation period (14 days). While conceptually attractive, the intermittency and high dependency of selfdiscipline for body temperature and symptom surveillance undermine the practicality and effectiveness of the approach. Furthermore, it has been reported that as many as 50% of COVID-19 infected patients had not had fever until the full-blown disease, thereby body temperature surveillance per se may not be sufficient to detect early disease progression.

In the past few decades, advances in sensor technology miniaturize electronic physiological sensors that could be incorporated into wearable devices allowing continuous monitoring of physiological parameters such as skin temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, perspiration and activity of ambulatory subjects in a 24/7 basis. Together with current telecommunication platform capable of instantaneous and multi-directional massive data transfer, it is possible to remotely monitor a large number of individual subjects' physiological parameters in a real-time manner, and relay to managing physicians for timely intervention. Nonetheless, such potentials have not been fully explored in the real-world disease management. The current study will assess the impact of remote continuous real-time physiological monitoring using wearable armband device Everion® (Biofourmis, Singapore) and artificial intelligence-powered analytical platform Biovitals® Sentinel (Biofourmis, Singapore) on detection of disease progression in asymptomatic subjects with COVID-19 exposure under mandatory quarantine at designated facilities in Hong Kong. The research hypothesis is that by processing continuous physiological data collected using wearable device Everion® and patient reported outcomes with a cloud-based analytics platform Biovitals® Sentinel, it will possible to detect physiological changes and other clinically meaningful alerts that indicate early clinical progression in quarantined subjects with COVID-19 exposure.

The wearable vital sign monitor Everion® is capable to track multiple vitals sings including heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pulse variation, respiration rate under rest, activity, steps, skin temperature and etc. It is Bluetooth connected to a dedicated study-smartphone that allows remote transfer of all the physiological data captured by the wearable device in real time. A specially-designed application (APP) on the study-smartphone enables the patient to participate in health monitoring by reporting symptoms regularly and make aware of his/her physical and physiological patterns via the monitoring displays on the smart-phone. The patient's passive physiological data from the device and the active data on the symptoms and outcomes from Biovitals® analytics platform are automatically transferred to the monitoring console on the cloud. Thus, the Biofourmis platform solution is proposed to allow the monitoring team to effectively and remotely monitor COVID-19 patients and evaluate the disease progression. Leveraging Everion, the smartphone APP, Biovitals® analytics platform and the caregiver dashboard, biofourmis has built an end to end solution, Biovitals® Sentinel to remote monitor and manage the suspected subjects.