anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Plant activators have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional crop protection chemicals for managing crop diseases due to their unique mode of action. By priming the plant's innate immune system, these compounds can induce disease resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens without directly inhibiting their proliferation. Key advantages of plant activators include prolonged defense activity, lower effective dosages, and negligible risk of pathogen resistance development. Among the various defensive pathways targeted, the salicylic acid (SA) signaling cascade has been extensively explored, leading to the successful development of commercial activators of systemic acquired resistance, such as benzothiadiazole, for widespread application in crop protection. While the action sites of many SA-targeting activators have been preliminarily mapped to different steps along the pathway, a comprehensive understanding of their precise mechanisms remains elusive. This review provides a historical perspective on plant activator development and outlines diverse screening strategies employed, from whole-plant bioassays to molecular and transgenic approaches. We elaborate on the various components, biological significance, and regulatory circuits governing the SA pathway while critically examining the structural features, bioactivities, and proposed modes of action of classical activators such as benzothiadiazole derivatives, salicylic acid analogs, and other small molecules. Insights from field trials assessing the practical applicability of such activators are also discussed. Furthermore, we highlight the current status, challenges, and future prospects in the realm of SA-targeting activator development globally, with a focus on recent endeavors in China. Collectively, this comprehensive review aims to describe existing knowledge and provide a roadmap for future research toward developing more potent plant activators that enhance crop health.
PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and efficiency of self-assembled intraocular rare earth magnet and forceps in removing intraocular foreign bodies(IOFBs) undergoing 25-gauge(G) pars plana vitrectomy.
METHODS: A total of 30 patients with metallic IOFB underwent 25-G PPV were enrolled into this study. Self-assembled intraocular rare earth magnet were used in 15 patients(bar group), and forceps were used in 15 patients(forceps group). Success rate of removing IOFB, time taken to remove IOFB, incidence of IOFB slippage and fall, iatrogenic retinal damages were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in success rate of removing IOFBs between the groups(93.3% and 100%, P > 0.99). The median time taken of removing FB was significantly shorter in bar group than in forceps group(112 and 295 s, P = 0.001). None of the patients in bar group had IOFB slippage and fall, or related iatrogenic retinal damage in the process of removal. In forceps group, IOFB slippage and fall during removal were observed in 7 of 15(47.6%) patients, related iatrogenic retinal injuries were recorded in 6 of 15(40.0%) patients, both were significantly higher than bar group(P = 0.003 and P = 0.017, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with forceps, the assembled intraocular magnet can greatly reduce the possibility of IOFB slippage and fall, prevent related iatrogenic retinal damage, and shorten the time taken to remove IOFB. The assembled intraocular magnet can be an useful tool in removing metallic IOFBs in PPV.
Linezolid for oral suspension is supplied as a powder/granule for constitution. Gently tap bottle to loosen powder. Add a total of 123 mL distilled water in two portions. After adding the first half, shake vigorously to wet all of the powder. Then add the second half of the water and shake vigorously to obtain a uniform suspension. After constitution, each 5 mL of the suspension contains 100 mg of linezolid. Before using, gently mix by inverting the bottle 3 to 5 times. Do not shake. Store constituted suspension at room temperature. Use within 21 days after constitution.
Daily use of pedometer for 6 months. Walking goal set based on level of walking during 2 week run-in period. Weekly feedback provided on meeting walking goal - defined as achieving goal number of steps for 5 of 7 days per week. Each week, if pedometer is used and walking goal is met for 5 out of 7 days, participant will be entered in lottery with an approximate 3 in 10 chance of winning $50 and an approximate 3 in 100 chance of winning $200. Financial incentive is terminated after 4 months. Daily use of pedometer continues for an additional 2 months.
PURPOSE:To enhance temp. stability, by preparing an emulsifier composition from organically modified clay mineral obtained by treating water-swellable clay mineral with a quanternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant. CONSTITUTION:Water-swellable clay mineral, an quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactant and a noinoic surfactant are dispersed in water or a low b.p. solvent such as acetone or lower alcohol under stirring to prepare a water in oil type emulsifier composition. The content of the quanternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactant is pref. 5-100g mg equivalent per 100g of water-swellable clay mineral and that of the noinionic surfactant is pref 5-100g per 100g of water-swellable clay mineral. As the water-swellable clay mineral natural one such as montomollilonite, saponite or hectrite is disignated.
A pro-vitamin D concentrate which has a very high antirachitic activity for chickens in comparison with irradiated ergosterol is prepared from a sterol mixture containing it by esterifying the sterol mixture with an acid which does not mask the relative absorption characteristics of the sterols to any substantial extent, subjecting the ester mixture so obtained to fractional adsorption, then further increasing the concentration of the pro-vitamin ester by fractional crystallization, and finally isolating the sterol by saponification.  The term "masking" indicates the modification of adsorption characteristics by esterification so that the relative adsorption characteristics of the sterol esters no longer resemble the relative adsorption characteristics of the parent sterol residues.  The use of acids which contain strongly polar linkages or marked polar groupings is excluded.  The preferred source of sterols for treatment according to the present invention is invertebrate animals such as salt water mussels, river mussels, periwinkles, mealworms, slugs, whelks, and earth worms.  It is preferred in most cases that the concentration of the pro-vitamin should be raised to 40--50 per cent by adsorption before the final fractional crystallization is attempted.  In the preparation of the sterol mixture from the raw material, the fact that the vitamin is oxygen sensitive has to be taken into account.  A suitable preparative treatment is as follows: the comminuted invertebrate is dried in vacuo at about 50 DEG  C., the fat is extracted by a hydrocarbon solvent, and the solid residue removed by filtration.  The fat is saponified at as low a temperature as possible and the unsaponifiable fraction extracted with ether and recrystallized from alcohol.  In an example of the treatment of the sterol mixture obtained as above, 7 grams of sterol acetate are dissolved in 105 ccs. of a 1 : 1-benzenepetroleum ether mixture, and the solution poured on to an adsorption column prepared according to the Brockmann method from 315 grams of alumina and having a diameter of 33 mms.  The column is washed with further benzene-petroleum ether and then eluted with benzene-methyl alcohol solution, after the removal of the top 2 cms. of material containing impurities.  The eluted fraction contained 2,51 grams, and was again subjected to an adsorption process.  The eluted fraction this time contained 0,78 gram and was subjected to a third adsorption process to yield 224 mgs. of acetate mixture containing about 57 per cent of pro-vitamin acetate.  This was recrystallized three times from methyl alcohol to give 49 mgs. of well crystallized sterol acetate of high activity.
For patients randomized to the 30% ethanol /4 % sodium citrate group, the lock solution will be provided in pre-filled syringes for single use only. After each dialysis session, the locking solution will be instilled into both catheter lumens, the lumens clamped and caps tightly secured to the hubs. Any remaining 30% ethanol/4% sodium citrate solution in each syringe will be discarded. The locking solution will be withdrawn from the catheter lumens before the next dialysis session.
PURPOSE:To provide the titled drug having low toxicity, containing a specific phenylacetic acid derivative as active component, and useful for the remedy and prevention of various diseases caused by immunoreaction. CONSTITUTION:The titled drug contains the compound of formula I [R<1> is H or group of formula II (R<5> is 1-6C alkyl or aryl); R<2> and R<3> are H or 1-4C alkyl; R<4> is H or 1-6C alkyl] or its salt, e.g. p-aminophenylacetic acid ethyl ester. The compound has immunosuppressive activity as well as immunopromoting (activating and promoting) activity, and is useful as a remedy for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, collagen disease, etc., allergic diseases such as asthma, etc., and cancer, infectious diseases, etc. The compound of formula I wherein R<1> is H can be prepared by reducing the nitrobenzene derivative of formula III, and optionally esterifying the product. The obtained compound can be converted to another compound of formula I wherein R<1> is group of formula II by reacting with acid anhydride or carboxylic acid chloride.
OBJECTIVES: Pain relief and reduced disability are both common treatment targets for persistent disabling low back pain (LBP). Cross-sectional studies show a moderate relationship between functional disability and pain intensity, but little is known about the relationship between changes in pain intensity and functional disability over multiple time points. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between changes in functional disability and pain intensity and whether changes occurred simultaneously or differentially during a course of cognitive functional therapy for people with persistent disabling LBP.
METHODS: Self-reported measures of pain intensity and patient-specific functional disability were collected prior to each treatment session from 40 participants during a 12-week intervention period. Linear mixed modeling was used to assess simultaneous and lagged associations between pain intensity and functional disability over time. Sensitivity analysis using nonparametric subject-specific methods (simulation modeling analysis) was also performed.
RESULTS: Thirty-five participants had sufficient data for analysis. Using the linear mixed-model approach, there was evidence of a moderate and simultaneous association between pain intensity and functional disability over time (regression coefficient = 0.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.44-0.68, p < 0.001). Simulation modeling analysis supported weak to mostly strong associations and supported for simultaneous change in pain and disability for the majority of participants (22 of 35, 64%).
CONCLUSION: Changes in pain intensity and functional disability were moderately related across the intervention. Visual inspection of graphs indicated a very close relationship in some individuals and a decoupling of pain intensity and functional disability in others. The changes in pain intensity and functional disability seem to occur simultaneously in most individuals.
Other approaches in addition to existing treatment of HIV infection need to be evaluated. One approach may be to block HIV infection by interrupting the assembly of the virus within the cell or the budding of virus from the membrane of the infected cell. In addition, blocking the attachment of HIV to its cellular receptor may offer another point of attack. HIV binds to the CD4 receptor on the target T4 lymphocyte and the envelope glycoprotein of the virus (gp120) is capable of high affinity binding to CD4. Any agent that prevents the attachment of gp120 to the CD4 receptor should be able to block virus transmission and spread. Recently, scientists have succeeded in producing highly purified recombinant soluble human CD4. Recombinant CD4 is capable of binding to HIV envelope protein (gp120) and inhibiting HIV infectivity in test tube studies. Potential therapeutic benefit in patients with HIV infection could be derived from either or both of these biologic effects. In order to extend the length of time that rCD4 stays in the body, the compound has been modified by combining it with a human immunoglobulin of the IgG1 class (IgG).

Each patient receives rCd4-IgG at a fixed dose level once weekly by intravenous bolus for 12 weeks. Four patients (two per center) are entered at each dose level starting with the lowest dose. Dose escalation proceeds until a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is defined. AMENDED: Includes, as of 891201, an ancillary study entitled "A Study of Recombinant CD4-Immunoglobulin G (CD4-IgG) Levels in Cerebral Spinal Fluid after rCD4-IgG is Administered by Intravenous Bolus in Patients With AIDS and AIDS-Related Complex". This involves selected patients, at the discretion of the Investigator. AMENDED: 900110 To increase the dose and frequency of administration of rCD4-IgG, based on preliminary results of pharmacokinetic analyses from Phase I studies in humans. Each patient receives rCD4-IgG therapy at a fixed dose level 1x, 2x, or 3x weekly by intravenous bolus for 12 weeks. Follow-up is extended to 8 weeks. Total target accrual is 25 - 28 weeks. AMENDED: 900824 Extension of the Phase I study of the safety and efficacy of CD4-IgG in patients with HIV infection. Each patient receives one of two fixed doses by IV bolus injection twice per week for 12 weeks. 20 to 30 patients to be enrolled. Pharmacokinetics will be evaluated. Clinical safety and antiviral effects will be assayed.
Intervention groups that will receive 12 Arts in Health session. There will be four groups of 15 individuals for reaching the needed sample size.
BACKGROUND: There are few studies about the differences in the composition of moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude polysaccharide and ergothioneine in Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (GLSP) from different origins. As for GLSP after oil extraction (OE-GLSP), there are still lots of bioactive substance in it. It can be seen that OE-GLSP has certain biological activity. The effect of OE-GLSP on the improvement of intestinal barrier function has been less studied.
RESULTS: The results showed that there were significant differences for GLSP from five different origins (Anhui, Jilin, Jiangxi, Shandong and Zhejiang) in moisture (0.065-0.113%), ash (0.603-0.955%), crude fat (42.444-44.773%), crude polysaccharide (2.977-4.127%), crude protein (14.761-17.639%) and ergothioneine (0.552-1.816 mg g-1) (P < 0.05). The monosaccharides of GLSP polysaccharide mainly consist of glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, etc. Moreover, the effects of OE-GLSP supplementation on the regulation of organ index, colonic tissue and intestinal microbiota in C57BL/6J mice were investigated. The supplement of OE-GLSP could restore the organ index and weight loss of antibiotic-treated mice. Moreover, OE-GLSP led to the improvement of intestinal dysbiosis by enriching Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Lactobacillus and Roseburia, and increasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. In addition, OE-GLSP intervention repaired intestinal barrier dysfunction by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins (Occludin, Claudin-1 and E-cadherin).
CONCLUSION: Different GLSP from five origins exhibited significant differences in microstructure and contents of crude polysaccharide, crude protein, crude fat, water, ash and ergothioneine. Moreover, it was found that OE-GLSP could improve the intestinal barrier function and induce potentially beneficial changes in intestinal flora. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Patients using Triamcinolone Acetonide Topical Aerosol, USP should receive the following information and instructions:  
  
1\. This medication is to be used as directed by the physician. It is for external use only; avoid contact with the eyes and inhalation of the spray.  
2\. Patients should be advised not to use this medication for any disorder other than for which it was prescribed.  
3\. The treated skin area should not be bandaged or otherwise covered or wrapped as to be occlusive unless directed by the physician.  
4\. Patients should report any signs of local adverse reactions.  
5\. Parents of pediatric patients should be advised not to use tight-fitting diapers or plastic pants on a child being treated in the diaper area, as these garmentsmay constitute occlusive dressings.  
6\. Do not use Triamcinolone Acetonide Topical Aerosol, USP on the underarms or groin areas unless directed by your physician.  
7\. If no improvement is seen within 2 weeks, contact your physician.  
8\. Do not use other corticosteroid-containing products while using Triamcinolone Acetonide Topical Aerosol, USP without first consulting your physician.  
9\. Triamcinolone Acetonide Topical Aerosol, USP is flammable. Avoid heat, flames or smoking when applying Triamcinolone Acetonide Topical Aerosol, USP.
The present invention to provide methods, pharmaceutical formulations, and devices for the transdermal delivery of 5-substituted-6-cyclic-5,6,7,8,-tetrahydronaphthalene2-o1 compounds ("lasofoxifene" or "CP-336,156") and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The invention also provides transdermal compositions of CP-336,156 or its salts dissolved or dispersed in a suitable carrier vehicle, optionally containing permeation enhancers and other excipients. The carrier vehicle may be a pressure sensitive adhesive, polymeric reservoir, or a fluid of controlled viscosity. The carrier vehicle may be contained in a device for purposes of holding the composition against the skin surface. Such devices may be in the form of matrix patches (drug in adhesive) or reservoir patches (drug in a liquid or polymeric reservoir with peripheral, in-line, or over-layed pressure sensitive adhesive). Further provided by this invention are methods for treating pathologies associated with the binding of lasofoxifene with the human estrogen receptor-alpha. For example, the invention formulations and devices are useful to treat or prevent bone loss, obesity, breast cancer, endometriosis, cardiovascular disease and prostatic disease.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide at least one strand of a double-stranded oligoribonucleotide (double-stranded RNA) designed to inhibit the expression of a target gene.  <P>SOLUTION: At least one part of the one strand of the double-stranded RNA is complementary to the target gene. The target gene can be selected from the following group: cancer genes, cytokine genes, Id protein genes, developmental genes and prion genes. The target gene can express in a pathogenic organism (especially, Plasmodium). The target gene may be a part of virus or viroid which is preferably pathogenic to human.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
MTN-009 is a multi-site, cross-sectional study that will provide an estimate of the prevalence of ARV resistance in the population of women who present to study sites to be pre-screened or screened for participation in an HIV prevention trial. To date, a comprehensive surveillance of HIV drug resistance in newly diagnosed women of reproductive age has yet to be undertaken. The primary goal of MTN-009 is to assess the frequency of HIV drug resistance mutations among women who test HIV-positive when presenting to screen for participation in HIV prevention trials. Secondary aims include the identification and evaluation of behavioral indicators including self or sexual partner(s) exposures to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs as risk factors for drug resistant HIV infection, as well as the characterization of the degree of immunodeficiency and risk of disease progression by quantifying plasma HIV-1 RNA and CD4-positive T cells among women who test HIV-positive when presenting to screen for participation in an HIV prevention trial. Exploratory aims include the identification of polymorphic or subtype-specific sequence changes in HIV-1 that may impact susceptibility to ARVs, and the estimation of the proportion of HIV-positive women who have chronic versus recent HIV infection.

The finding of significant resistance, or lack thereof, to ARV-based study products delivered vaginally or taken orally may guide decisions related to future microbicide and PrEP studies. In addition, MTN-009 will provide valuable comparison data for the resistance data obtained in MTN-015, the MTN seroconverter study.
PURPOSE:To obtain an antiallergic fat and oil composition having extremely inhibitory action on allergy, orally administrable and comprising fats and oils containing a specific fatty acid as a constituent fatty acid and a tea extract as active ingredients. CONSTITUTION:Fats and oils containing a fatty acid selected from alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid as a constituent fatty acid are blended with a tea extract to give the objective substance. The objective substance contains >=20wt.% fatty acid and 0.02 to 2wt.% tea extract. The objective substance can be administered in capsule, tablet, emulsion, injection, etc., or may be administered in the form of food by blending the substance with a salad oil, margarine, etc. A does is 0.5 to 30g per adult daily. Fats and oils having high content of unsaturated fatty acid have poor stability. The tea extract is effective as an antioxidant for fats and oils containing highly unsaturated fatty acid and antiallergic properties are enhanced by addition of the tea extract.
Atropine Sulfate Injection, USP is a sterile solution of atropine sulfate in Water for Injection. Each mL contains Atropine Sulfate 0.4 mg; Sodium Chloride 9 mg; Benzyl Alcohol 9 mg; Water for Injection qs; pH may be adjusted with Sulfuric Acid if necessary. pH 3.0-6.5.   
Atropine Sulfate Injection, USP may be given intramuscularly, intravenously or subcutaneously. Atropine is a white crystalline alkaloid which may be extracted from belladonna root or may be produced synthetically. It is used as atropine sulfate because this compound has much greater solubility.   
Atropine sulfate is an anticholinergic drug. The empirical formula of atropine sulfate is (C17H23NO3)2•H2SO4•H2O.   
The structural formula is:
Villoglandular adenocarcinoma (VGA) of the uterine cervix is a rare subtype of endocervical adenocarcinoma in young women. Between 2007 and 2020, all women with endocervical adenocarcinoma were retrospectively reviewed to find patients with VGA. Eight patients in whom pure VGA had been diagnosed were included. The mean age at initial diagnosis was 36.3 years (range 24-46). After surgical treatment, patients were followed up for 59 months (range 16-150). To date, all patients are alive with no evidence of disease. Neither lymph node involvement nor lymphovascular invasion was found. Furthermore, we examined the samples with a focus on morphological invasion pattern (Silva), stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs), and immunohistochemical programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression. PD-L1 expression was observed in 7/8 using the combined positive score (cutoff≥1%), 1/8 of VGAs using the tumor proportion score (cutoff≥1%), and 7/8 using the immune cell (cutoff≥1%). Using combined positive score and immune cell, PD-L1 expression was seen in 7/8 of pattern B and C tumors, with significantly higher expression in tumors with destructive-type patterns ( P <0.05, A vs. B+C). Using tumor proportion score, no significant difference in PD-L1 expression was seen between VGAs with different invasion patterns. VGAs demonstrated twice higher sTILs in tumors with destructive-type invasion patterns. Our observations suggest that PD-L1 expression, tumor invasion patterns, and sTILs do not correlate with the excellent prognosis of pure VGA.