anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Status epilepticus is a common and potentially life-threatening neurological emergency with a high risk for cognitive and neurobiological impairment. Our aim was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of centrally administered irisin and acute exhausting exercise against oxidative brain injury and memory dysfunction due to a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced single seizure. Male Sprague Dawley rats with intracerebroventricular (icv) cannulas were randomly divided into intraperitoneally (ip) saline-injected control and PTZ-injected (45 mg/kg) seizure groups. Both the control and PTZ groups were then treated with irisin (7.5 µg/kg, 2 µl, icv), saline (2 µl, icv) or were forced to an acute bout of strenuous exercise before the ip injection of saline (control) or PTZ. Seizures were evaluated using the Racine score. To evaluate memory performance, a passive avoidance test was performed before and after PTZ injection. Following euthanasia at the 24th hour of seizure induction, brain tissues were removed for histopathological examination and for evaluating oxidative damage, antioxidant capacity, and neurotransmitter levels.
RESULTS: Glutamate/GABA imbalance observed in PTZ rats was corrected by irisin administration (p < 0.001/p < 0.01), while irisin prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05 - 0.001) and replenished the antioxidant catalase and glutathione levels (p < 0.01-0.01) in the cerebral tissue, and reduced the histologically evident neuronal injury due to a single seizure (p < 0.05 - 0.01). Irisin also delayed the onset of seizures (p < 0.05) and improved memory dysfunction (p < 0.05), but did not affect the severity of seizures. The acute exhaustive swimming exercise completed before PTZ-seizure depressed glutamate level (p < 0.001), maintained the oxidant/antioxidant balance, alleviated neuronal injury (p < 0.05 - 0.01) and upregulated cerebral BDNF expression (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, acute high-intensity exercise or exogenously administered irisin provides neuroprotection by maintaining the balance of excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters and oxidant/antioxidant systems.
Alkaloids are natural compounds useful as scaffolds for discovering new bioactive molecules. This study utilized alkaloid gramine to synthesize two groups of C3-substituted indole derivatives, which were either functionalized at N1 or not. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. The protective effects of the new compounds against in vitro oxidative hemolysis induced by standard oxidant 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane dihydro chloride (AAPH) on human erythrocytes as a cell model were investigated. Additionally, the compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity. The results indicated that most of the indole derivatives devoid of the N1 substitution exhibited strong cytoprotective properties. The docking studies supported the affinities of selected indole-based ligands as potential antioxidants. Furthermore, the derivatives obtained exhibited potent fungicidal properties. The structures of the eight derivatives possessing indole moiety bridged to the imidazole-, benzimidazole-, thiazole-, benzothiazole-, and 5-methylbenzothiazoline-2-thiones were determined by X-ray diffraction. The C=S bond lengths in the thioamide fragment pointed to the involvement of zwitterionic structures of varying contribution. The predominance of zwitterionic mesomers may explain the lack of cytoprotective properties, while steric effects, which limit multiple the hydrogen-bond acceptor properties of a thione sulfur, seem to be responsible for the high hemolytic activity.
The most frequent adverse reactions seen in controlled trials were supine and sitting hypertension; paresthesia and pruritus, mainly of the scalp; goosebumps; chills; urinary urge; urinary retention and urinary frequency.

The frequency of these events in a 3-week placebo-controlled trial is shown in the following table:

Less frequent adverse reactions were headache; feeling of pressure/fullness in the head; vasodilation/flushing face; confusion/thinking abnormality; dry mouth; nervousness/anxiety and rash. Other adverse reactions that occurred rarely were visual field defect; dizziness; skin hyperesthesia; insomnia; somnolence; erythema multiforme; canker sore; dry skin; dysuria; impaired urination; asthenia; backache; pyrosis; nausea; gastrointestinal distress; flatulence and leg cramps.

The most potentially serious adverse reaction associated with Midodrine hydrochloride therapy is supine hypertension. The feelings of paresthesia, pruritus, piloerection and chills are pilomotor reactions associated with the action of midodrine on the alpha-adrenergic receptors of the hair follicles. Feelings of urinary urgency, retention and frequency are associated with the action of midodrine on the alpha-receptors of the bladder neck.
Premixed bioceramic sealer was applied and previously described. Pre-heated carrier was inserted in the canal at WL-0.5mm. The carrier excess was removed with a Thermacut bur.
Determine appropriate genetic counseling referral rates (as defined by NCCN guidelines) per patient (across all sites) in the pre-intervention 6-month period. Only referrals to Michigan Medicine (MM) genetics clinics will be included in the statistical analysis. Having access to MM health records, we will be able to assess the appropriateness of the referrals.
AIMS: Histology is widely used for diagnosis of persistent infection during reimplantation in two-stage revision hip and knee arthroplasty, although data on its utility remain scarce. Therefore, this study aims to assess the predictive value of permanent sections at reimplantation in relation to reinfection risk, and to compare results of permanent and frozen sections.
METHODS: We retrospectively collected data from 226 patients (90 hips, 136 knees) with periprosthetic joint infection who underwent two-stage revision between August 2011 and September 2021, with a minimum follow-up of one year. Histology was assessed via the SLIM classification. First, we analyzed whether patients with positive permanent sections at reimplantation had higher reinfection rates than patients with negative histology. Further, we compared permanent and frozen section results, and assessed the influence of anatomical regions (knee versus hip), low- versus high-grade infections, as well as first revision versus multiple prior revisions on the histological result at reimplantation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), chi-squared tests, and Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated.
RESULTS: Overall, the reinfection rate was 18%. A total of 14 out of 82 patients (17%) with positive permanent sections at reimplantation experienced reinfection, compared to 26 of 144 patients (18%) with negative results (p = 0.996). Neither permanent sections nor fresh frozen sections were significantly associated with reinfection, with a sensitivity of 0.35, specificity of 0.63, PPV of 0.17, NPV of 0.81, and accuracy of 58%. Histology was not significantly associated with reinfection or survival time for any of the analyzed sub-groups. Permanent and frozen section results were in agreement for 91% of cases.
CONCLUSION: Permanent and fresh frozen sections at reimplantation in two-stage revision do not serve as a reliable predictor for reinfection.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The safety of LOCAMETZ has been established based on three prospective studies of gallium Ga 68 gozetotide in patients with prostate cancer [see Clinical Studies (14)]. Adverse reactions from these studies are reported below.

In the PSMA-PreRP and PSMA-BCR studies using another formulation of gallium Ga 68 gozetotide, nine-hundred sixty (960) patients received one dose of gallium Ga 68 gozetotide intravenously with the amount (mean ± SD) of radioactivity 188.7 ± 40.7 MBq (5.1 ± 1.1 mCi) [see Clinical Studies (14.1, 14.2)]. The most commonly reported adverse reactions were nausea, diarrhea and dizziness, occurring at a rate of < 1%.

In the VISION study, one thousand and three (1003) patients received one dose of gallium Ga 68 gozetotide intravenously with the amount of radioactivity 167.1 ± 23.1 MBq (4.52 ± 0.62 mCi) [see Clinical Studies (14.3)]. Adverse reactions occurring at ≥ 0.5% in patients with metastatic prostate cancer who received gallium Ga 68 gozetotide injection are presented in Table 3.

Adverse reactions occurring at a rate of < 0.5% in the VISION study were diarrhea, dry mouth, injection site reactions, including injection site hematoma and injection site warmth and chills.
BACKGROUND: Medication non-adherence is a significant public health concern in managing patients with chronic diseases, and community pharmacists are on the frontline in the management of chronic medications. Chronic diseases require lifelong pharmacotherapy and understanding the determinants of medication adherence has paramount importance to develop strategies that improve medication adherence and treatment outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of medication non-adherence and its contributing factors among patients with chronic diseases attending community pharmacies in South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.
METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted at community pharmacies in South Gondar Zone from September 01 to October 30, 2023. Medication adherence was assessed using a structured questionnaire using the Adherence in Chronic Diseases Scale (ACDS). Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used for analysis. Association between the outcome variable and independent variables was performed using binary logistic regression and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: Among three hundred and eighty six (386) study participants recruited in this study, more than half of them 222 (57.51%, 95%CI: 52.4% - 62.5%) were low adherent to their medications. Concerning determinants of medication non-adherence; the presence of side effects (AOR =2.1, 95%CI=1.33-3.29), unable to get ever counseling from community pharmacists (AOR=2.3, 95%CI= 1.46-3.58), and poor about their medications (AOR=3.1, 95% CI= 1.96-4.82) were significantly associated with patients' non-adherence to medications.
CONCLUSION: The medication adherence level in this study was suboptimal, with a significant proportion of the patients being non-adherent to their medications. The presence of side effects, unable to get ever counseling, and poor knowledge about their medications were statistically significant factors of poorer medication adherence. Hence, healthcare professionals, especially community pharmacists, have a crucial role in designing the schedule for health education concerning the needs of these patients in community pharmacy settings.
A non-oxidative hair colouring composition, comprises ceramide or functionally similar related material, in the absence of phytantriol. The invention also provides a method of improving the colouring effects of non-oxidative hair colouring compositions, comprising application to the hair (during or after dyeing) of ceramide or functionally similar related material, in the absence of phytantriol. The invention also covers use of ceramide or functionally similar related material for the purpose of improving the colouring effects of a non-oxidative hair dye. The invention can be put into effect by incorporating ceramide or functionally similar related material into a hair care composition for use during non-oxidative dying of hair, where it acts to improve dye deposition onto hair, or into a composition for use on hair after dyeing by a non-oxidative method, e.g. a shampoo or conditioner composition, to help maintain the colour of dyed hair. Good results have been obtained with the ceramide materials Questamide H, Ceramide II and Questamix H.
Obesity and excess adiposity at midlife are risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD). Visceral fat is known to be associated with insulin resistance and a pro-inflammatory state, the two mechanisms involved in AD pathology. We assessed the association of obesity, MRI-determined abdominal adipose tissue volumes, and insulin resistance with PET-determined amyloid and tau uptake in default mode network areas, and MRI-determined brain volume and cortical thickness in AD cortical signature in the cognitively normal midlife population. Thirty-two middle-aged (age: 51.27±6.12 years, 15 males, body mass index (BMI): 32.28±6.39 kg/m2) cognitively normal participants, underwent bloodwork, brain and abdominal MRI, and amyloid and tau PET scan. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT, SAT) were semi-automatically segmented using VOXel Analysis Suite (Voxa). FreeSurfer was used to automatically segment brain regions using a probabilistic atlas. PET scans were acquired using [11C]PiB and AV-1451 tracers and were analyzed using PET unified pipeline. The association of brain volumes, cortical thicknesses, and PiB and AV-1451 standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) with BMI, VAT/SAT ratio, and insulin resistance were assessed using Spearman's partial correlation. VAT/SAT ratio was associated significantly with PiB SUVRs in the right precuneus cortex (p=0.034) overall, controlling for sex. This association was significant only in males (p=0.044), not females (p=0.166). Higher VAT/SAT ratio and PiB SUVRs in the right precuneus cortex were associated with lower cortical thickness in AD-signature areas predominantly including bilateral temporal cortices, parahippocampal, medial orbitofrontal, and cingulate cortices, with age and sex as covariates. Also, higher BMI and insulin resistance were associated with lower cortical thickness in bilateral temporal poles. In midlife cognitively normal adults, we demonstrated higher amyloid pathology in the right precuneus cortex in individuals with a higher VAT/SAT ratio, a marker of visceral obesity, along with a lower cortical thickness in AD-signature areas associated with higher visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and amyloid pathology.
A pasty dental alginate impression material composition having features that fluidity of a mixture is changeable by changing mixing ratio of both pastes, sufficient working time can be kept, and liquid separation in abase material paste does not occur during storage, comprises the base material paste composed mainly of 1-20 wt. % alginate and water, and a setting material paste composed mainly of 10-60 wt. % calcium sulfate and a liquid component unreactive with the calcium sulfate, wherein the base material paste does not contain a filler substantially, but contains 0.01-5 wt. % carbonate of sodium or potassium as a retarder and 0.01-15 wt. % one or more polysaccharides such as carrageenan, pullulan, curdlan, xanthan gum, pectin, konjak glucomannan, and locust bean gum, and the setting material paste contain 0.01-10 wt. % phosphate of sodium or potassium as a retarder, and 0.5-30 wt. % polybutene.
Neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis play a crucial role in the progression of secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Although studies have highlighted the important functions of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) in various experimental models, its precise role and mechanism in ICH remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of DNA-PKcs on N2A cells under a hemin-induced hemorrhagic state in vitro and a rat model of collagenase-induced ICH in vivo. The results revealed a notable increase in DNA-PKcs levels during the acute phase of ICH. As anticipated, DNA-PKcs and γ-H2AX had consistent upregulations after ICH. Administration of NU7441, a selective inhibitor of DNA-PKcs, alleviated neurological impairment, histological damage, and ipsilateral brain edema in vivo. Mechanistically, NU7441 attenuated neuronal apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro, alleviated oxidative stress by decreasing ROS levels, and suppressed ferroptosis by enhancing GPX4 activity. These results suggest that inhibition of DNA-PKcs is a promising therapeutic target for ICH.
A waitlist (WL) control condition was chosen considering the pilot nature of the study, feasibility, and the overall goal of assessing treatment's promise. Participants will be assessed for drinking and suicidal urges in the same manner as in the cDBT condition. After 8 weeks, subjects will be able to enroll in the intervention.
All patients will have enoxaparin prophylaxis or placebo initiated at 8 hours after surgery. Prophylaxis or placebo will be provided every 24 hours and will be continued for the duration of inpatient stay.
OBJECTIVES: I. Compare the safety and efficacy of levofloxacin versus cefepime in cancer patients with fever and neutropenia. II. Compare the percentage of patients whose fever defervesces and who have no signs or symptoms of infection with and without therapeutic modification. III. Compare the percentage of survival of patients treated with these 2 regimens with no therapeutic modifications. IV. Compare the overall survival of patients treated with these 2 regimens regardless of therapeutic modifications. V. Compare the time to resolution of fever in patients treated with these regimens. VI. Compare the microbiologic response by pathogen and site of infection in patients treated with these regimens. VII. Compare the percentage of patients whose fever defervesces only after resolution of neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count at least 500/mm3) with no therapeutic modification.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to type of malignancy (solid tumor, including lymphoma vs leukemia), prior prophylactic antibiotics (yes vs no), and participating center. Patients are randomized to one of two treatment arms. Arm I: Patients receive levofloxacin IV over 90 minutes once daily for 14-28 days. Arm II: Patients receive cefepime IV over 30 minutes every 8 hours for 14-28 days. Patients may receive additional antifungal, antibacterial, or antiviral therapy if condition has deteriorated, no response is seen in 72 hours, or and infection is suspected or documented. Patients are followed at 1-3 and 7-12 days and then at 3-4 weeks.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: Approximately 260-400 patients (130-200 per treatment arm) will be accrued for this study.
The instant invention provides an article of manufacture comprising providing a computer program operable within a virtual reality device which is designed for perfecting mental visualization within the mind of a subject sufficient alone to effect a desired neurological and/or physiological change within the body of said subject, even in the substantial absence of any physical movement by said subject. It also provides the program in combination with a virtual reality device and a method of using the same. The steps of the method include: operatively interfacing the program with the device and mounting the device on the subject; and, running the program. The program can be designed to communicate a metaphoric or real, or combined real and metaphoric scenario to the subject which is designed for perfecting mental visualization within the mind of the subject sufficient alone to effect a desired neurological and/or physiological change within the body of said subject, even in the substantial absence of any physical movement by said subject. It can also be further designed to effect preconditioning of the subject's mind, such as inducing a state of meditation or hypnosis, or combinations thereof. The scenario of the program can be designed to exist in real time, real space, compressed time, compressed space, expanded time, expanded space, or any combination thereof; real or metaphoric or any combination of real and metaphoric. Optionally the program is further designed to enable (motor) interaction between the subject and/or an operator external to the preconditioning and the device.
The inflammation and coagulopathy during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) impairs the efficiency of the current stroke treatments. Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) has shown potential in recent years to protect the brain and other organs against pathological conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of RIC in brain infarct size using TTC staining and lung injury reduction by H&E staining during the hyper-inflammatory response in rats. The inflammation and coagulopathy were assessed by sedimentation rate, haematocrit, systemic oxidative stress and clotting time. Moreover, we observed changes in the cytokine profile. The results of the first part of the experiment showed that the inflammation and lung injury are fully developed after 24 h of intratracheal LPS administration. At this time, we induced focal brain ischaemia and examined the effect of RIC pre- and post-treatment. Our results showed that RIPre-C reduced the infarct size by about 23%, while RIPost-C by about 30%. The lung injury was also reduced following both treatments. Moreover, RIC modulated systemic inflammation. The level of chemokines CINC-1, LIX and RANTES decreased after 24 h of post-ischaemic reperfusion in treated animals compared to non-treated. The RIC-mediated decrease of inflammation was reflected in improved sedimentation rate and hematocrit, as well as reduced systemic oxidative stress. The results of this work showed neuroprotective and lung protective effects of RIC with a decrease in inflammation response. On the basis of our results, we assume that immunomodulation through the chemokines CINC-1, LIX, and RANTES play a role in RIC-mediated protection.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a testosterone-5α-reductase inhibitor containing an extract of Nostoc flagelliforme and a hair grower. SOLUTION: This testosterone-5α-reductase inhibitor comprises an extract of Nostoc flagelliforme. This hair grower comprises an extract of Nostoc flagelliforme. The Nostoc flagelliforme is a terrestrial alga of the genus Nostoc. Nostoc commune Vauch. var. flagelliforme, Nostoc commune Vauch., etc., may be cited as the Nostoc flagelliforme.
In this cohort study, all consenting pediatric sickle-cell patients between 10 and 25 years old who were cared for at UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland (UCSFBCHO) presenting to the emergency department for VOC were enrolled in the study. Patients were compared to themselves in a time series, pre and post exposure to the study intervention (low-dose ketamine bolus at 0.2 mg/kg x 1 prior to second dose of IV opiate). The pediatric FACES pain scale was used to measure pain scales at pre-designated time points in the ED per standard nursing protocol (FACES for younger kids, visual analog scale in adolescents/young adults). Opiate usage was summed in the ED, converted to mg/kg/hour of morphine equivalents (since different opioids agents were given to different patients based on individual historical efficacy, and since length of stay in the emergency room could affect total morphine equivalents received), and compared between the pre and post-intervention groups. In addition, length of stay, time to 50% pain control, presentation and discharge pain scores, and likelihood of discharge from the ED were compared. Data was be collected via chart review in the UCSFBCHO system by study investigators. Pre-intervention data from the past three patient encounters (e.g., the mean of the mg/kg/hour of morphine equivalents used in the last three patient encounters prior to receipt of ketamine) was compared to the post intervention data. In addition, a survey, which is attached, was given to patients/families at the time of the drug administration to attempt to discern if patients subjectively experienced improvement in their pain and if they experienced any negative side effects due to the drug administration. Monitoring for adverse events was recorded for each patient encounter.