anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Rationale: Bronchiectasis is characterized by acute exacerbations, but the biological mechanisms underlying these events are poorly characterized. Objectives: To investigate the inflammatory and microbial characteristics of exacerbations of bronchiectasis. Methods: A total of 120 patients with bronchiectasis were enrolled and presented with acute exacerbations within 12 months. Spontaneous sputum samples were obtained during a period of clinical stability and again at exacerbation before receipt of antibiotic treatment. A validated rapid PCR assay for bacteria and viruses was used to classify exacerbations as bacterial, viral, or both. Sputum inflammatory assessments included label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and measurement of sputum cytokines and neutrophil elastase activity. 16 s rRNA sequencing was used to characterize the microbiome. Measurements and Main Results: Bronchiectasis exacerbations showed profound molecular heterogeneity. At least one bacterium was identified in 103 samples (86%), and a high bacterial load (total bacterial load > 107 copies/g) was observed in 81 patients (68%). Respiratory viruses were identified in 55 (46%) patients, with rhinovirus being the most common virus (31%). PCR testing was more sensitive than culture. No consistent change in the microbiome was observed at exacerbation. Exacerbations were associated with increased neutrophil elastase, proteinase-3, IL-1β, and CXCL8. These markers were particularly associated with bacterial and bacterial plus viral exacerbations. Distinct inflammatory and microbiome profiles were seen between different exacerbation subtypes, including bacterial, viral, and eosinophilic events in both hypothesis-led and hypothesis-free analysis using integrated microbiome and proteomics, demonstrating four subtypes of exacerbation. Conclusions: Bronchiectasis exacerbations are heterogeneous events with contributions from bacteria, viruses, and inflammatory dysregulation.
A Hudson nebulizer will be loaded with 3 mls of normal saline and operated at 7 L/min of wall air for 3 minutes with each scenario with a 5-minute interval between interfaces. The interfaces that will be used are: tight mask, the angled PediNeb, the B\&B adapter, mask placed at 2 cm from the face, the PediNeb T-piece, and a capped corrugated tubing placed 2 cm away from the face.
This is a single-center prospective cohort study in which patients were evaluated by inclusion and exclusion criteria before total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aims to recruit 200 patients across a single centre over 1 year. Eligible patients will be included in this study after signing the informed consent form. Before TKA, the patients will be randomly assigned to either an experimental group ("The medially pedicled IPFP flap" group) or a control group ("complete IPFP removal" group) and administered different management of the IPFP during surgery. Assessment of knee function will be performed at baseline, preoperatively, and during the 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months postoperative follow-up periods to evaluate the patients' prognostic outcomes. The primary outcomes are the intraoperative bleeding, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Secondary outcomes include American Knee Society Knee Score (KSS), Insall-Salvati Ratio (ISR) and knee joint range of motion (ROM). All patients voluntarily participated in the study and signed informed consent. During the treatment period, all prospective patients underwent clinical evaluation at the end of total knee arthroplasty and 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months later, aimed at comparing the postoperative pain and inflammatory response between "The medially pedicled IPFP flap" group and "complete IPFP removal" group, to explore the optimal perioperative analgesic modality for TKA. Statistical analyses utilizing regression models and survival analysis will be conducted to assess the relationships between the management of the IPFP and postoperative efficacy.
Patients with cART. Grouping in patients without and with low-level-viremia (LLV) defined as two consecutive viral loads between 40 copies/ml and 200 copies/ml, 400 copies/ml, 500 copies/ml and 1000 copies/ml, respectively.
Patients will be randomized to any of the 2 arms. In Citalopram arm, patients will be taking Citalopram (20mg) daily for the duration of the study.
1368232 Azetidino-thiazolidine compounds GLAXO LABORATORIES Ltd 30 July 1971 [31 July 1970] 37187/70 Heading C2C Novel compounds of the formula in which R<SP>1</SP> is the residue of an acyl group R<SP>1</SP>CO- having 1-21 carbon atoms, R<SP>3</SP> is H, halocarbonyl or a selectively removable group serving to protect a secondary nitrogen atom, and R<SP>4</SP> is H or an esterified malonate group, or a group where R is a carboxyl group or esterified carboxyl group or a protected hydroxyl or amino group (e.g. an ether or methane group), may be obtained by reacting a compound of the formula with a reducing agent serving to reduce an imino-thioether to an amino-thioether, e.g. dissolving metal reducing agents such as Zn in acid or aluminium amalgam in the presence of water, optionally followed by reaction of the product (in which R 3  = H) with a reagent capable of introducing the protecting group, e.g. (i) by reaction with phosgene to form the compound in which R 3  is halocarbonyl then reacting the latter with an alcohol or phenol, or (ii) by reaction with a haloformic acid. The protecting groups may subsequently removed, e.g. by mild acidic or basic hydrolysis, enzymic hydrolysis or hydrogenolysis. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 1,271,180.
Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and is currently one of the fastest-growing causes of cancer incidence and mortality in developed countries. Although next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) have revolutionized cancer and immuno-genomic research in various tumor types, a limited amount of clinical research has been developed to investigate the expression and the functional characterization of genomic data in ASCC. Herein, we comprehensively assess recent advancements in "omics" research, including a systematic analysis of genome-based studies, aiming to identify the most relevant ASCC cancer driver gene expressions and their associated signaling pathways. We also highlight the most significant biomarkers associated with anal cancer progression, gene expression of potential diagnostic biomarkers, expression of therapeutic drug targets, and emerging treatment opportunities. This review stresses the urgent need for developing target-specific therapies in ASCC. By illuminating the molecular characteristics and drug-target expression in ASCC, this study aims to provide insights for the development of precision medicine in anal cancer.
Maintenance of adult tissues depends on stem cell self-renewal in local niches. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) are germline adult stem cells necessary for spermatogenesis and fertility. The present invention relates utilization of testicular endothelial cells (TECs) in the SSC niche producing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and other factors to support human and mammal SSCs in long-term culture. The present invention also relates to utilization of five factors sufficient for long-term maintenance of human and mammal SSC colonies in feeder-free cultures. Male cancer survivors after chemotherapy are often infertile since SSCs are highly susceptible to cytotoxic injury. Transplantation of TECs alone is used to restore spermatogenesis in mice after chemotherapy-induced depletion of SSCs.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in older individuals. PD may involve a variety of symptoms, but the predominant manifestation is impaired physical function, including muscle atrophy and weakness, bradykinesia, and reduced endurance. Older PD patients frequently present with, or develop, greater loss of muscle mass than expected from aging alone (sarcopenia). Sarcopenia results in inactivity, chronic inflammation, and neurodegeneration, all of which compound the loss of muscle function due to PD. L-DOPA/carbidopa is the most common drug therapy for PD and can mitigate some of the physical problems with PD, but progression of the disease usually ultimately results in severe reduction of quality of life.

The metabolic basis for loss of muscle mass with sarcopenia is anabolic resistance, defined as a diminished stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by dietary protein. Reduced muscle protein synthesis in response to dietary protein consumption not only contributes to the loss of muscle mass, but also to impaired single muscle fiber function, decreased mitochondrial biogenesis, and reduced neuromuscular junction stability, all of which contribute to impaired physical function. The consequences of anabolic resistance of muscle protein in PD is often compounded by the recommendation for reduced consumption of dietary protein due to the potential interference of absorbed dietary amino acids with the transport of L-DOPA from the intestine into the blood and from the blood into the brain.

We have developed an EAA-based nutritional supplement called AMS2434 designed to stimulate muscle protein synthesis in older individuals with PD and to promote dopamine production in the brain. AMS2434 is cleared rapidly from the blood after consumption, thereby minimally interfering with the transport of L-DOPA/carbidopa. In addition, AMS2434 contains tyrosine to enhance the brain production of dopamine. AMS2434 also decreases plasma tryptophan, which in turn reduces its degradation product kynurenine, which may be involved in the development of sarcopenia. We have previously shown that a 10g dose of EAAs maximally stimulates muscle protein synthesis in healthy elderly. In the current protocol we will determine if 10g of a mixture of a specifically designed mixture of EAAs (AMS2434) will robustly stimulate muscle protein synthesis in anabolic resistant individuals with Parkinson's disease. In addition, we will determine if AMS2434 stimulates brain dopamine synthesis from tyrosine.
BACKGROUND: Antibiotics are one of the most frequently prescribed medication classes worldwide. Inappropriate prescription of antibiotics has increased the risk of drug-resistant infections and associated mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the patterns of intravenous antibiotics prescribing in emergency and outpatient departments of a tertiary children's hospital in China.
METHODS: Data on intravenous prescriptions dispensed by the emergency and outpatient department from January 1, 2015 to May 31, 2016 were extracted from the information system of the Children's Hospital of Fudan University. Prevalence of intravenous antibiotics use and the suitability of intravenous antibiotic prescription were evaluated on the basis of a completed microbiological examination, antibiotics susceptibility testing, and dose prescribed for patients diagnosed with pneumonia, acute bronchitis, fever, and acute upper respiratory infection (AURI) patients. The prescription rate was expressed as the number of intravenous antibiotic prescriptions per total number of prescriptions.
RESULTS: Overall, 94.2% of pediatric patients and 78.5% of issued intravenous prescriptions were for antibiotics. beta-lactam antibacterial (90.5%) and macrolides (18.5%) were the most commonly used categories of antibiotics, while cefuroxime (28.8%) was the most used antibiotic. Besides, pneumonia (31.3%), acute bronchitis (14.1%), fever (6.5%), and AURI (5.5%) were the most commonly recorded infections. However, in these four diseases, the rate of conducting microbiological examination was 0.3%, 0.2%, 2.1%, and 2.8%, respectively. Approximately, 52.1%, 40.0%, 40.4%, and 30.5% of intravenous antibiotic prescriptions were inappropriately used in pneumonia, acute bronchitis, fever, and AURI, respectively. Doses higher and lower than the recommended were often for each of these four diseases.
CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of intravenous antibiotic prescription was high in pediatric emergency and outpatient departments. Inappropriate use of intravenous antibiotics commonly occurred in pneumonia, acute bronchitis, fever, and AURI. Appropriate interventions and prevention strategies need to be developed to curtail inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics.
The present invention relates to twenty-four flavor ice cream which relates to cooling drink food, particularly to an ice cream product. The ice cream product is prepared from 1 portion of ice cream powder and 2 to 2.5 portions of flavoring liquid, wherein the flavoring liquid can have flavoring liquid with more kinds of taste, such as twenty-four flavoring liquid, summer Sangju flavoring liquid, grosvenor momordica fruit flavoring liquid, etc. The ice cream preparation technology and equipment of the present invention are simple, which is suitable for industrial large-scale production lines, commercial small-size production lines and families to prepare hard ice cream and soft ice cream. The present invention provides cooling tea ice cream having the effect of clearing summer heat, and customers can absorb the combined benefit of the east and the west at the same time. The bitterness of traditional cooling tea completely disappears in cooling tea ice cream with low carbohydrate, and sweet, fragrant and clear mouth feelings are remained in the mouth. Thus, the present invention enables the consumers not only to have the enjoyment of eating ice cream, but also to have the effects of heatstroke prevention and health care of drinking cooling tea.
Class I cavities will be finished by AquaCare Air Abrasion Device using bioactive glass air-abrasion particles (a mix of 30-60-90 μm particles). The nozzle of the air abrasion device will be 0.6 in diameter and angulated at 90° to the occlusal surface with a distance away from the tooth about 2-3 mm. The device will be used in a dynamic motion with 60 psi (4 Bar) adjusted pressure for 3 seconds.
Methods, systems, and computer-readable media are disclosed herein for automated susceptibility identification and alerting. An occurrence of an outbreak of an infectious disease occurring at a particular time or time range and at a particular location is determined. In response to determining the occurrence of the outbreak, patient information comprising location information and medical history information is automatically scanned. Patients who are within a predetermined range of the particular location of the outbreak and who have at least one high risk factor corresponding to the outbreak are identified using the patient information. A notification to at least one of the patients who are within the predetermined range and who have the at least one high risk factor corresponding to the outbreak is provided. The notification comprises a representation of an increased risk to the outbreak.
AIM: To analyse the effect of ultrasonic irrigant activation (UIA) and the GentleWave (GW) multisonic irrigation (GW) with minimal instrumentation on the root canal microbial diversity in an ex vivo model that used extracted molars with a history of pulp necrosis.
METHODOLOGY: Twenty-three mandibular molars were prepared ex vivo for collection of superficial (surface control), pre-treatment and post-treatment samples 24 h after extraction. Samples were divided into two groups: UIA using 6% NaOCl (n = 11) and GW group (n = 12). All samples were processed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing to measure microbial diversity before and after the antimicrobial treatment. For qPCR, a t-test (α = .05) was used to compare the log10 reduction. The Chao1 and Shannon indices evaluated alpha diversity. Differences in community composition (beta diversity) were evaluated by analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni corrections was performed to evaluate the differences in abundances genera in the samples.
RESULTS: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed an estimated 1.6 and 2.6 log10 reduction for UIA and GW groups respectively (p = .048). An average of 5 ± 4 and 3 ± 5 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found in surface's samples in the UIA and GW group respectively. These values were significantly lower (p < .001) compared to the number of preoperative OTUs in those groups (155 ± 79 and 187 ± 121). In assessing beta diversity, there were no significant differences found in pre-treatment samples (R = .090, p = .070 ANOSIM with Bonferroni corrections). Also, no significant differences in community composition were observed in post-treatment samples (R = -.05, p = .829). After treatment, there was a significant reduction of Eubacterium using conventional treatment with UIA and a significant reduction of Prevotella using minimal instrumentation with GW irrigation (p = .007 and p = .002 respectively).
CONCLUSION: Quantitative PCR analysis revealed a significant reduction in microbial load for GW group. Overall, diversity changes were similar between UIA and GW irrigation in this ex vivo model that used extracted teeth with a history of pulp necrosis. OTUs obtained from the surface sample were negligible and did not affect the statistical outcome of the study.
Starting dose of DTGM fusion protein 2 mcg/kg/day as a short (30 min) intravenous infusion, three times /week (M,W,F) for two consecutive weeks. In absence of defined grade 3/4 nonhematological toxicities in the first 0/3 or 1/6 patients, the dose will be escalated by 1 mcg/kg/day for the next patient cohort.
To coordinate cellular physiology, cells rely on the rapid exchange of molecules at specialized organelle-organelle contact sites. Lipid droplets (LDs) and nuclear membrane (NM) contact sites are particularly vital communication hubs, playing key roles in the exchange of signaling molecules, lipids, and metabolites. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the specific morphology of the contact sites. Here, we combine advanced three-dimensional (3D) imaging with a high-brightness fluorescent probe specifically targeting LDs to map the structural landscape of LD-NM contact sites. The probe exhibits exceptional photophysical properties, making it highly suitable for visualizing the changes occurring in LDs during the apoptosis process. In addition, we utilize the advantages of the probe to accurately monitor the overexpression of abnormal LDs in cirrhosis by 3D imaging for the first time. The outcomes of this investigation highlight that the probe has potential as a robust imaging tool to investigate intricate biological functions of LDs and their implications in related diseases.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) significantly reduces quality of life and increases reliance on healthcare resources. Despite many individuals opting for vitamin D supplementation to alleviate CLBP, its efficacy remains debatable. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation in treating this condition.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in adults with CLBP, focusing exclusively on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A comprehensive literature search was conducted up to May 2024 across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.
RESULTS: Ten RCTs meeting our inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results indicated that vitamin D supplementation did not significantly reduce pain scores compared to control groups (SMD: -0.130, 95%CI=-0.260 to 0.000; I2=0%), regardless of participants' baseline vitamin D levels. Moreover, long-term supplementation showed no notable improvement in CLBP outcomes (SMD: -0.097, 95%CI=-0.290 to -0.097; I2=19.878%). Additionally, supplementation with active forms of vitamin D (SMD: -0.321, 95%CI=-0.670 to 0.028; I2=0.000%) did not result in significant pain relief for chronic lower back pain.
CONCLUSION: Vitamin D supplementation does not substantially alleviate CLBP. Nevertheless, it may still be considered as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. Further research is necessary to explore its long-term effects and the underlying mechanisms that may explain the observed lack of benefit.
1. Solutions of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m which contain oxidizing agents (i.e., sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide) should not be used.  
NOTE: Do not use Tc 99m eluate more than 6 hours after its elution from the generator. 
  2. All transfers and vial stopper entries must be done using aseptic technique. 
  3. The water bath used for heating the contents of the reaction vial must be at a continuous rolling boil during the heating step of the preparation procedure. The vial should be in direct contact with the rolling boil water of the bath, and the level of the bath must be at least even with the level of the contents of the vial. 
  4. The temperature of a lead incubation shield should be allowed to reach the temperature of the water bath before incubating the reaction vial. The shield should be designed so that water flows through the interior of the shield.



Note 1: Wear waterproof gloves during the entire preparation procedure and during subsequent patient dose withdrawals from the reaction vial.

Note 2: Make all transfers of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m solution during the preparation procedure with an adequately shielded syringe.

Note 3: Keep the radioactive preparation in the lead shield described below (with cap in place) during the useful life of the radioactive preparation. Maintain adequate shielding during the life of the product and use a shielded, sterile syringe for withdrawing and injecting the preparation.
Depression is a major psychiatric disorder globally, including in India. One of the most effective approaches to treat depression is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), but its reach is limited by the dearth of trained psychiatrists, especially in remote areas, and the high costs and stigma associated with visits to a psychiatric clinic. Delivering CBT through a computer, with limited or no intervention from a psychiatrist, could address these limitations. Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CCBT) is thus emerging as a more accessible and economical alternative to CBT. Despite some evidence of its efficacy, CCBT use is limited because the existing software programs used to deliver the therapy provide a much lower level of personalization and engagement than in-person therapy. The objective of this study is to assess if the new algorithm makes CCBT more efficacious, acceptable and engaging to users. Depression severity as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is expected to reduce over the duration of the study, more significantly in the treatment group compared to the control group. Participants will be recruited online through a website that will check compatibility with inclusion/exclusion criteria and get the informed consent.