anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Liver surgery during the perioperative period often leads to a significant complication known as hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Hepatic I/R injury is linked to the innate immune response. The cGAS-STING pathway triggers the activation of innate immune through the detection of DNA within cells. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism and significance of the cGAS-STING pathway in hepatic I/R injury are yet to be investigated.
METHODS: Mouse model of hepatic I/R injury was used in the C57BL/6 WT mice and the STING knockout (STING-KO) mice. In addition, purified primary hepatocytes were used to construct oxygen-glucose deprivation reperfusion (OGD-Rep) treatment models.
RESULTS: Our research revealed a notable increase in mRNA and protein levels of cGAS and STING in liver during I/R injury. Interestingly, the lack of STING exhibited a safeguarding impact on hepatic I/R injury by suppressing the elevation of liver enzymes, liver cell death, and inflammation. Furthermore, pharmacological cGAS and STING inhibition recapitulated these phenomena. Macrophages play a crucial role in the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway during hepatic I/R injury. The cGAS-STING pathway experiences a significant decrease in activity and hepatic I/R injury is greatly diminished following the elimination of macrophages. Significantly, we demonstrate that the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway is primarily caused by the liberation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) rather than nuclear DNA (nDNA). Moreover, the safeguarding of the liver against I/R injury is also attributed to the hindrance of mtDNA release through the utilization of inhibitors targeting mPTP and VDAC oligomerization.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that the release of mtDNA plays a significant role in causing damage to liver by activating the cGAS-STING pathway during I/R injury. Furthermore, inhibiting the release of mtDNA can provide effective protection against hepatic I/R injury.
Phenobarbital may be habit-forming. Tolerance and psychological and physical dependence may occur with continued use ( see Drug Abuse and Dependence and Pharmacokinetics under Clinical Pharmacology). Patients who have psychologic dependence on barbiturates may increase the dosage or decrease the dosage interval without consulting a physician and may subsequently develop a physical dependence on barbiturates. In order to minimize the possibility of overdosage or the development of dependence, the prescribing and dispensing of sedative-hypnotic barbiturates should be limited to the amount required for the interval until the next appointment. Abrupt cessation after prolonged use in a person who is dependent on the drug may result in withdrawal symptoms, including delirium, convulsions, and possibly death. Barbiturates should be withdrawn gradually from any patient known to be taking excessive doses over long periods of time ( see Drug Abuse and Dependence).
Currently, cardiovascular risk stratification to guide preventive therapy relies on clinical scores based on cardiovascular risk factors. However, the discriminative power of these scores is relatively modest. The use of coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and coronary CT angiography (CCTA) has surfaced as methods for enhancing the estimation of risk and potentially providing insights for personalized treatment in individual patients. CACS improves overall cardiovascular risk prediction and may be used to improve the yield of statin therapy in primary prevention, and possibly identify patients with a favorable risk/benefit relationship for antiplatelet therapies. CCTA holds promise to guide anti-atherosclerotic therapies and to monitor individual response to these treatments by assessing individual plaque features, quantifying total plaque volume and composition, and assessing peri-coronary adipose tissue. In this review, we aim to summarize current evidence regarding the use of CACS and CCTA for guiding lipid-lowering and antiplatelet therapy and discuss the possibility of using plaque burden and plaque phenotyping to monitor response to anti-atherosclerotic therapies.
The present invention provides for novel reagents whose fluorescence in-creases in the presence of specific proteases. The reagents comprise a characteris-tically folded peptide backbone each end of which is conjugated to a fluorophore. When the folded peptide is cleaved, as by digestion with a protease, the fluo-rophores provide a high intensity fluorescent signal at a visible wavelength. These protease indicators are particularly well suited for detection of protease activity in biological samples, in particular in frozen tissue sections, because of their high fluorescence signal in the visible wavelengths. Figure 1 shows an HPLC analysis of the D-NorFES-A protease indicator comprising 5'-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (C2211) as a donor fluorophore and rhodamine X acetamide (R492) as an acceptor fluorophore so that Figure 1 (A) illustrates HPLC of the intact indicator molecule before the addition of elastase; Figure 1 (B) illustrates HPLC where both fluo-rophores absorb after the addition of elastase and Figure 1(C) illustrates HPLC after the addition of elastase where rhodamine X acetamide (R492) absorbs max-imally. This invention also provides for methods of detecting protease activity in situ in frozen sections.
The Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ) is a self-administered functional assessment that provides information on the patient's physical, psychological, social and role functions. The Functional Status Questionnaire is easier and more feasible to complete in short duration of time than the long forms. The FSQ was originally developed in English. It has been translated and validated in several languages and showed excellent reliability and responsiveness. The FSQ questionnaire is translated in Urdu to assess general health, ADLs and functional status of Post Coronary artery bypass graft surgery(CABG) patients. Translation will be performed by two independent translators going through all the steps following the guidelines. The two synthesized translations and the two back translations will be merged into one pre- final version of Urdu FSQ. The expert panel will then compare the conceptual equivalence, experiential equivalence, linguistic equivalence and metric equivalence. After this the final version of Urdu FSQ will be evaluated for validity in 50 Post CABG patients after getting their informed consent to participate in the study and their demographic characteristics. Inclusion criteria involves male and female patients of age between 40 to 60 years (ambulatory). Exclusion criteria includes patients with disability that prevent independent walking, acute cardiac condition, neurological conditions, cognitive impaired problem etc. Reliability and validity of FSQ Urdu version will be evaluated. It has been translated and validated in several languages and showed excellent reliability and responsiveness. However up to-date there is no validated Urdu version of the FSQ available. So, it is essential to translate FSQ in Urdu language to make it more comprehensive for local population who doesn't have command on English language. The purpose of this study is cross-cultural translation of the FSQ into Urdu language and to validate it into Urdu speaking population.

Hence, this study is aimed to produce the Urdu version for Urdu speaking countries, it will have a great significance for the physiotherapists, researchers and educators to assess CABG patients general health, QoL, functional status and ADLs where time is short because FSQ makes it easier to collect data from large populations in comparatively lesser time than long assessment forms.
One or both of epilepsy seizure detection and prediction at least by performing the following: running multiple input signals from sensors for epilepsy seizure detection through multiple classification models, and applying weights to outputs of each of the classification models to create a final classification output. The weights are adjusted to tune relative output contribution from each classifier model in order that accuracy of the final classification output is improved, while power consumption of all the classification models is reduced. One or both of epilepsy seizure detection and prediction are performed with the adjusted weights. Another method uses streams from sensors for epilepsy seizure detection to train and create the classification models, with fixed weights once trained. Information defining the classification models with fixed weights is communicated to wearable computer platforms for epilepsy seizure detection and prediction. The streams may be from multiple people and applied to an individual person.
Patients may self-administer icatibant injection upon recognition of an HAE attack after training under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Patients with laryngeal symptoms should seek medical attention immediately in an appropriate healthcare facility after administration of icatibant injection [  see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. 

Injection site reactions are reported in most patients after administration of icatibant injection. Other adverse reactions reported after administration of icatibant injection include pyrexia, increase in transaminases, dizziness, and rash [  see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ]. 

Tiredness, drowsiness, and dizziness have been reported following the use of icatibant injection. Patients should be advised not to drive or use machinery if they feel tired or dizzy.
OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on changes of ventricular structure and function in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), so as to explore its potential mechanisms underlying improvement of ventricular remodeling after MIRI.
METHODS: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:sham operation group, model group, EA group and medication (sacubactril valsartan, LCZ696) group, with 10 rats in each group. The MIRI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and reperfusion. EA (2 Hz/100 Hz, 2 mA) was applied to bilateral "Neiguan" (PC6) for 20 min, once every other day for 21 d. Rats of the medication group received gavage of LCZ696 (60 mg·kg-1·d-1). After the intervention, echocardiography was used to detect the ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) of the left ventricle, and the contents of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed after HE staining. The Masson staining was used to evaluate the myocardial collagen deposition and myocardial fibrosis. The mRNA expression levels of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the myocardial tissue were detected by quantitative real-time PCR, and the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: In contrast to the sham operation group, the EF and FS levels of the left ventricle were ob-viously decreased (P<0.001), while the contents of serum TNF-α, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, the proportion of myocardial fibrosis area, the mRNA expression levels of myocardial collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and CTGF, the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly increased (P<0.001, P<0.000 1, P<0.05, P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the EF and FS levels were remarkably increased (P<0.01), whereas the contents of serum TNF-α, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, the proportion of myocardial fibrosis area, the mRNA expression levels of myocardial collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and CTGF, and the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly down-regulated (P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05) in both the medication and EA groups. No significant differences were found between the EA and medication groups in all the indexes mentioned above.
CONCLUSIONS: EA can improve the left-ventricular fibrosis and function, delay or reverse ventricular remodeling in MIRI rats, which may be related to its functions in down-regulating myocardial inflammatory response and mRNA expression levels of myocardial collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and CTGF.
The PT reflects the depression of vitamin K dependent Factors VII, X and II. A system of standardizing the PT in oral anticoagulant control was introduced by the World Health Organization in 1983. It is based upon the determination of an International Normalized Ratio (INR) which provides a common basis for communication of PT results and interpretations of therapeutic ranges.24The PT should be determined daily after the administration of the initial dose until PT/INR results stabilize in the therapeutic range. Intervals between subsequent PT/INR determinations should be based upon the physician's judgment of the patient's reliability and response to warfarin sodium tablets, USP in order to maintain the individual within the therapeutic range. Acceptable intervals for PT/INR determinations are normally within the range of one to four weeks after a stable dosage has been determined. To ensure adequate control, it is recommended that additional PT tests be done when other warfarin products are interchanged with warfarin sodium tablets, USP, as well as whenever other medications are initiated, discontinued, or taken irregularly (see PRECAUTIONS).Safety and efficacy of warfarin therapy can be improved by increasing the quality of laboratory control. Reports suggest that in usual care monitoring, patients are in therapeutic range only 33%-64% of the time. Time in therapeutic range is significantly greater (56%-93%) in patients managed by anticoagulation clinics, among self-testing and self-monitoring patients, and in patients managed with the help of computer programs.25Self-testing patients had fewer bleeding events than patients in usual care.25
PURPOSE: To obtain a medicinal composition improved in anticoagulative effect, containing an anticoagulant or its analog and divalent cation(s). CONSTITUTION: This medicinal composition contains an anticoagulant selected from annexins and derivatives therefrom naturally occurring, or produced by chemical synthesis or genetic engineering technique and analogues thereof, and at lest one kind of divalent cation selected from the group consisting of Ca2+ , Cd2+ , Zn2+ , Mo2+ and Co2+ , and, if circumstances require, a vehicle, carrier and/or stabilizer. The concentration of the cation(s) is 0.01-100mM (pref. 0.03-10mM, that of Zn2+ being 0.1-100 (pref. 18-30)μm for exhibiting its synergistic effect. In the case of calcium and/or zinc deficiency, the relevant concentration is adjusted to its (their) normal plasma level(s) or higher.
The invention relates to novel materials based on biodegradable polyamino acids, particularly useful for the vectorisation of active principals (PA). The invention further relates to novel, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, dietary or phytosanitary compositions based on said polyamino acids. The aim of the invention is to provide a novel polymeric raw material, for use in the vectorisation of PA and with an optimal match for all the requirements of the type: biocompatibility, biodegradability, stability, ability to easily associate with numerous active principals or to solubilise the same and to liberate said active principals in vivo. Said aim is achieved with polyamino acids comprising aspartic and/or glutamate units, some of which carry at least one graft, characterised in that at least one of said grafts is bonded to an aspartic or glutamate unit by means of an amino acid spacer based on Leu, and/or Ileu, and/or Val, and/or Phe and a hydrophobic group with C6-C30 is connected by an ester bond to the spacer. Said specific amino acid spacers guarantee an improved stability to hydrolysis and a higher association quotient with proteins when compared with conventional analogous products. Said polymers have the advantage of easily and economically being transformed into vectorisation particles for active principals said particles being themselves able to form stable aqueous colloidal suspensions.
BACKGROUND Crossed cerebellar diaschisis is a rare phenomenon characterized by reduction of hemispheric cerebellar blood flow and metabolism that occurs contralateral to supratentorial injury. This finding is generally detected after ischemic stroke, but can also be observed during status epilepticus. CASE REPORT A 45-year-old woman with a history of focal epilepsy and alcohol abuse presented with an episode of seizure with initial stroke-mimicking changes and no epileptiform activity on electroencephalogram. Upon further examination, the radiological findings revealed a broad cytotoxic edema in the left hemisphere and a smaller lesion in the right cerebellum, showing a rare phenomenon of crossed cerebellar diaschisis. Later, diagnosis of status epilepticus was established. Although the initial trend of the patient's condition was negative, after weeks of therapy and intensive care, the patient slightly improved in her condition and there was a partially reversible lesion in the left cerebral hemisphere and right cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to detect seizures in patients with stroke-like changes on unenhanced computed tomography examination, and especially in cases in which there are no arterial occlusion on computed tomography angiography and asymmetric arterial vasodilatation are seen. Status epilepticus can mimic stroke, establishing this as a major diagnostic challenge. Although the radiological findings in the left cerebral hemisphere lesion and the right cerebellar hemisphere were similar, its characteristics on diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient value differed, raising an important question of the exact mechanics of how crossed cerebellar diaschisis occurs, as it seems to be a rare phenomenon.
The present invention relates to biodegradable biocompatible polyketals, methods for their preparation, and methods for treating animals by administration of biodegradable biocompatible polyketals. In one aspect, a method for forming the biodegradable biocompatible polyketals comprises combining a glycol-specific oxidizing agent with a polysaccharide to form an aldehyde intermediate, which is combined with a reducing agent to form the biodegradable biocompatible polyketal. The resultant biodegradable biocompatible polyketals can be chemically modified to incorporate additional hydrophilic moieties. A method for treating animals includes the administration of the biodegradable biocompatible polyketal in which biologically active compounds or diagnostic labels can be disposed. The present invention also relates to chiral polyketals, methods for their preparation, and methods for use in chromatographic applications, specifically in chiral separations. A method for forming the chiral polyketals comprises combining a glycol-specific oxidizing agent with a polysaccharide to form an aldehyde intermediate, which is combined with a suitable reagent to form the chiral polyketal. A method for use in chiral separations includes the incorporation of the chiral polyketals in the mobile phase during a chromatographic separation, or into chiral stationary phases such as gels. The present invention further relates to chiral polyketals as a source for chiral compounds, and methods for generating such chiral compounds.
The intervention group will have scheduled structured postpartum visits at 3, 6, and 12 months with obstetric care providers. These structured visits will be targeted at both managing current hypertensive and/or diabetes disorders and decreasing the risk of developing these disorders. Additional postpartum and primary care concerns will also be addressed as they arise.
This is a natural history study designed to investigate forms of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs), and to better define both new and previously described forms of PID, including severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), combined immunodeficiency, natural killer (NK) cell deficiency, and other disorders. Patients with clinical and/or laboratory evidence of PID will be recruited at Children s National Health System (CNHS) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Infants identified at birth with a positive newborn screening for SCID and confirmed to have T-cell lymphocytopenia will also be recruited at CNHS. Subjects with a known or unknown PID and infants with T-cell lymphocytopenia will provide one or more blood samples during the course of the study to enable immunologic and genetic investigations of immune pathways contributing to PIDs. These subjects will also be followed clinically to longitudinally assess the natural history of novel and known PIDs. Subjects will be followed over time with regard to their immunologic phenotype, clinical disease (including incidence of infections, autoimmune phenomena, allergic disease, or malignancies), and response to both preventative and definitive therapies. Biological relatives who do not have PID and healthy adult volunteers will also be eligible to serve as controls for this study.
The following adverse reactions have been observed in patients receiving tetracyclines:

Gastrointestinal: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis, and inflammatory lesions (with vaginal candidiasis) in the anogenital region. Hepatotoxicity has been reported rarely. Rare instances of esophagitis and esophageal ulcerations have been reported in patients receiving the capsule forms of the drugs in the tetracycline class. Most of these patients took medications immediately before going to bed. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Section). 

Skin: maculopapular and erythematous rashes. Exfoliative dermatitis has been reported but is uncommon. Photosensitivity is discussed above. (See WARNINGS Section). 

Renal toxicity: Rise in BUN has been reported and is apparently dose related. (See WARNINGS Section). 

Hypersensitivity reactions: urticaria, angioneurotic edema, anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid purpura, serum sickness, pericarditis, and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Blood: Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and eosinophilia have been reported.
The present invention relates to novel inhibitors of the efflux pump of gram negative bacteria. The invention also relates to the use of inhibitors of the efflux pump of gram-negative bacteria for the prevention and/or treatment of antibiotic resistance by enhancing the activity of the antibiotic. Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR) gram negative bacterial infections are a major threat to global health. The inventors have discovered a novel class of drug-resistant nodular cell differentiation-efflux pump inhibitors. The inventors tested the effect of these inhibitors on the growth inhibition of different bacteria and their effect on the enhancement of antibiotic activity in different bacteria. In particular, the inventors tested the effect of these inhibitors on E.coli, acinetobacter baumannii, klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Recently, considerable attention has been directed toward innate-like T cells (ITCs) and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) owing to their indispensable contributions to immune responses, tissue homeostasis, and inflammation. Innate-like T cells include NKT cells, MAIT cells, and γδ T cells, whereas ILCs include NK cells, type 1 ILCs (ILC1s), type 2 ILCs (ILC2s), and type 3 ILCs (ILC3s). Many of these ITCs and ILCs are distributed to specific tissues and remain tissue-resident, while others, such as NK cells and some γδ T cells, circulate through the bloodstream. Nevertheless, recent research has shed light on novel subsets of innate immune cells that exhibit characteristics intermediate between tissue-resident and circulating states under normal and pathological conditions. The local microenvironment frequently influences the development, distribution, and function of these innate immune cells. This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge on the functional heterogeneity of ITCs and ILCs, shaped by local environmental cues, with particular emphasis on IL-15, which governs the activities of the innate immune cells involved in type 1 immune responses.