anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Surgery and management of rectal cancer have made significant progress in recent decades. However, there is still no coloanal anastomosis technique that offers a good compromise between functionality and low morbidity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficiency of the modified delayed coloanal anastomosis (mDCA). In this retrospective study, we analyzed the morbi-mortality as well as functional outcomes of 19 patients treated with mDCA, out of 73 colorectal cancer patients treated at our institution from September 2021 to June 2023. The inclusion criteria were cancer of the mid and low rectum (tumor less than 10 cm from the anal verge). Morbidity represented by complications of Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher was estimated at 5.2%. Only one patient experienced an asymptomatic anastomotic leak (AL) grade A. Ischemia of the colonic stump occurred in one patient, taken back to the OR on the 5th postoperative day. No stump retraction was noted. Anastomotic stenosis appeared in one patient (5.2%) during the 90-day postoperative period, and was treated by instrumental dilation. Perioperative mortality was nil. The mean St Marks incontinence score at 90 days was 13.2 points. At the 3-month follow-up, 15 patients (78.9%) had major low anterior resection syndrome (LARS), three (15.7%) had minor LARS, and one patient (5.2%) had no LARS. None of the patients had a diversion loop ileostomy. The mDCA, by decreasing the rate of AL, without the need for diversion ileostomy, might be an interesting alternative to the conventional immediate coloanal anastomosis (ICA), for restoring the GI tract after proctectomy for cancer.
Administer the entire EMPLICITI infusion with an infusion set and a sterile, nonpyrogenic, low-protein-binding filter (with a pore size of 0.2 to 1.2 micrometer) using an automated infusion pump.

Initiate EMPLICITI infusion at a rate of 0.5 mL per minute for 10 mg/kg dose. The infusion rate may be increased in a stepwise fashion as described in Table 3 if no infusion reactions develop. The maximum infusion rate should not exceed 5 mL per minute.

Initiate EMPLICITI infusion rate at 3 mL per minute for 20 mg/kg dose. The infusion rate may be increased in a stepwise fashion as described in Table 4 if no infusion reactions develop. The maximum infusion rate should not exceed 5 mL per minute.

Patients who have escalated to 5 mL/min at 10 mg/kg dose must decrease the rate to 3 mL/min at the first infusion at 20 mg/kg.

Adjust the infusion rate following a Grade 2 or higher infusion reaction [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].

Do not mix EMPLICITI with, or administer as an infusion with, other medicinal products. No physical or biochemical compatibility studies have been conducted to evaluate the coadministration of EMPLICITI with other agents.
2092996 9206068 PCTABS00011 Applicants describe the synthesis of tamoxifen derivatives, most particularly halo, halo alkyl and hydroxy tamoxifen derivatives, wherein with the native tamoxifen molecule includes a substituted chemical group positioned on the aliphatic chain of the tamoxifen molecule. Particular halogenated tamoxifen derivatives of the invention include chloro, bromo, iodo and fluoro tamoxifen derivatives, and corresponding lower alkyl halogenated forms. The halogenated tamoxifen derivatives possess superior binding affinities for estrogen receptor rich tissues, such as uterine tissue and breast tissue, relative to unsubstituted native tamoxifen. In particular, the fluoro and bromo tamoxifen derivatives have potential use in imaging estrogen receptors by PET whereas the iodinated tamoxifens have potential use in imaging estrogen receptors by SPECT. The bromomethyl tamoxifen derivatives are demonstrated to bind estrogen receptors with the greatest enhancement of binding affinity over native tamoxifen. Rapid and efficient methods of preparing the tamoxifen derivatives having high specific activity (>6 ci/.mu.mol) are also disclosed. Aliphatic chain substituted tamoxifen derivatives are shown to possess greater estrogen receptor binding affinity and more potent tumor cell inhibition than tamoxifen or tamoxifen derivatives substituted at other locations on the molecule (i.e., non-aliphatic chain substituted tamoxifen). The tamoxifen derivatives of the present invention may advantageously be used as anticancer therapeutic agents to halt estrogen-receptor positive tumors, such as those of breast and uterine tissue.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of atropine sulfate. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Most of the side effects of atropine are directly related to its antimuscarinic action. Dryness of the mouth, blurred vision, photophobia and tachycardia commonly occur. Anhidrosis can produce heat intolerance. Constipation and difficulty in micturition may occur in elderly patients. Occasional hypersensitivity reactions have been observed, especially skin rashes which in some instances progressed to exfoliation.
The present invention relates to a gatiflxacin eye gel based on HPMC media and a preparing method thereof. The intermiscibility of the gel is good. The gatiflxacin eye gel based on HPMC media uses gatiflxacin as active substances and uses hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) which is hydrophilicity high molecular material as media. Simultaneously, preservative agents, isoosmotic adjusting agents, penetration enhancers, pH regulating agents and water are added, and the gatiflxacin eye gel based on HPMC media is prepared. The gatiflxacin dissolves in water, and the media, the preservative agents, the isoosmotic adjusting agents and the penetration enhancers are added to be stirred and dissolved. The pH value is regulated to be from 5 to 9 with the pH regulating agents. Solution is filtered with a microporous filtering film, and water is added from a filter until the total amount is reached. The gatiflxacin eye gel is suitable for treating ocular infection, such as blepharitis, hordeolum, conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis, keratitis, keratohelcosis, trachoma, etc. The gel is a flowing semisolid. The use is convenient, the retention time of the gel in eyes is long, the gel does not easily run off, the effective treatment concentration can be kept, the treatment effect can be strengthened, the toxicity is low, the stimulation is little, the gatiflxacin eye gel is an effective novel medicament on eyes, and the clinical application prospect is good.
Some previously proposed classification methods of skin lesions may lead to misclassifications. Disclosed herein is a system for classifying skin lesions. The system comprises a feature extraction module (204) that determines feature information from an image of a skin lesion. The system comprises a transformer (206, 208) that determines relationships between classifiers classifying distinct parameters of the skin lesion. The system comprises a hierarchical classifier (210) having at least two of the classifiers ordered based on the number of classification categories in each classifier. The classifiers classify distinct parameters in parallel with each other based on the feature information and the relationships between classifiers.
Studies have indicated that stress-related symptoms can lead to hormonal and neural changes, affecting the pain threshold and nociceptive behaviors. The precise role of orexin receptors (OX1r and OX2r) in stress-induced analgesia (SIA) remains an inquiry yet to be comprehensively elucidated. The current investigation aimed to assess the impact of acute immobilization restraint stress on pain-related behavioral responses after administering antagonists targeting OX1r and OX2r in a rat model using the tail-flick test. After a period of five to seven days post-stereotaxic surgery in CA1, the baseline tail-flick latency (TFL) was recorded for each animal. Subsequently, rats were unilaterally administered varying doses of the OX1r antagonist (SB334867; 1, 3, 10, and 30 nmol), the OX2r antagonist (TCS OX2 29; 1, 3, 10, and 30 nmol), or a vehicle (0.5 μl solution containing 12% DMSO) through an implanted cannula. Following a 5-min interval, the animals were subjected to a restraint stress (RS) lasting for 3 h. The tail-flick test was conducted after the stress exposure, and the TFLs were assessed at 60-min intervals. The findings of this study revealed that RS elicits antinociceptive responses in the tail-flick test. Microinjection of OX1r and OX2r antagonists into the CA1 attenuated RS-induced analgesia during the tail-flick test. Furthermore, the results underscored the preeminent role of OX2 receptors in modulating SIA. In conclusion, the orexin system localized within the hippocampal CA1 region may, in part, contribute to the manifestation of SIA in the context of acute pain.
Participants in this group will receive 6-9 servings of whole grain daily to replace the refined grains typically included in the average American diet. Number of servings will depend upon calorie assignment.
Please refer patient to the Medication Guide. 

Prior to initiation of dofetilide therapy, the patient should be advised to read the Medication Guide and reread it each time therapy is renewed in case the patient’s status has changed. The patient should be fully instructed on the need for compliance with the recommended dosing of dofetilide and the potential for drug interactions, and the need for periodic monitoring of QTc and renal function to minimize the risk of serious abnormal rhythms. 

Medications and Supplements: Assessment of patients’ medication history should include all over-the-counter, prescription, and herbal/natural preparations with emphasis on preparations that may affect the pharmacokinetics of dofetilide such as cimetidine (see CONTRAINDICATIONS), trimethoprim alone or in combination with sulfamethoxazole (see WARNINGS, CONTRAINDICATIONS), prochlorperazine (see WARNINGS, CONTRAINDICATIONS), megestrol (see WARNINGS, CONTRAINDICATIONS), ketoconazole (see WARNINGS, CONTRAINDICATIONS), dolutegravir (see CONTRAINDICATIONS), hydrochlorothiazide (alone or in combinations such as with triamterene) (see CONTRAINDICATIONS), other cardiovascular drugs (especially verapamil – see CONTRAINDICATIONS), phenothiazines, and tricyclic antidepressants (see WARNINGS). If a patient is taking dofetilide and requires anti-ulcer therapy, omeprazole, ranitidine, or antacids (aluminum and magnesium hydroxides) should be used as alternatives to cimetidine, as these agents have no effect on the pharmacokinetics of dofetilide. Patients should be instructed to notify their health care providers of any change in over-the-counter, prescription, or supplement use. If a patient is hospitalized or is prescribed a new medication for any condition, the patient must inform the health care provider of ongoing dofetilide therapy. Patients should also check with their health care provider and/or pharmacist prior to taking a new over-the-counter preparation. 

Electrolyte Imbalance: If patients experience symptoms that may be associated with altered electrolyte balance, such as excessive or prolonged diarrhea, sweating, or vomiting or loss of appetite or thirst, these conditions should immediately be reported to their health care provider.

Dosing Schedule: Patients should be instructed NOT to double the next dose if a dose is missed. The next dose should be taken at the usual time.
BACKGROUND: Uric acid (UA), the terminal breakdown product of purine metabolism, possesses contradictory roles, functioning both as an inflammatory mediator and as an antioxidant. Its clinical relevance, particularly in geriatric populations, remains a topic of ongoing debate. Aiming to elucidate whether circulating UA is detrimental or beneficial to human health, we investigate the association between serum UA concentrations and the frailty index-a comprehensive measure of biological aging in a nationally representative cohort of community-dwelling older adults.
METHODS: We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study utilizing data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The sample included 4268 participants aged 65 years and above. A deficit accumulation frailty index (FI) was constructed using 38 items that assess physical, cognitive, psychological, and social domains. Based on the FI, participants were categorized into non-frail (FI ≤ 0.15), pre-frail (0.15 < FI ≤ 0.25), or frail (FI > 0.25). Serum UA levels were quantified through a colorimetric enzymatic assay.
RESULTS: After controlling for confounders such as age, sex, socioeconomic status (including income and education level), lifestyle factors (smoking status), and medical history (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, cardiovascular diseases), and body mass index, serum UA levels were observed to be significantly higher in frail participants compared with their non-frail counterparts (P < 0.001). Furthermore, serum UA concentrations demonstrated a positive correlation with the FI (P < 0.001), and the odds ratio for frailty per 1 mg/dL increase in serum UA was 1.22 (P < 0.001). Additionally, older adults in the highest quartile of UA levels exhibited a significantly higher FI and 1.66-fold increased odds of frailty compared with those in the lowest quartile (P = 0.011 and P = 0.005, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that elevated circulating UA levels may act as a pro-aging factor rather than an anti-aging one in older adults, highlighting its potential role in accelerating biological aging. The data further support the utility of serum UA as a potential blood-based biomarker for frailty in this demographic, contributing to the expanding evidence on its significance in geriatric health assessments.
The SCAMP is a clinical decision support tool. See Mendu et al. CJASN 2017.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is strictly linked to chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, loss of epithelial barrier integrity, and often with abnormal new blood vessel development. In this study, the retinal epithelial cell line ARPE-19 was treated with pro-inflammatory transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) to investigate the activity of vitamin D (VD) and sulforaphane (SF) in abating the consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation. The administration of VD and SF lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and abated the related expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 induced by TGF-β. We evaluated mitochondrial respiration as a source of ROS production, and we discovered that the increased transcription of respiratory elements triggered by TGF-β was prevented by VD and SF. In this model of inflamed epithelium, the treatment with VD and SF also reduced the secretion of VEGF, a key angiogenic factor, and restored the markers of epithelial integrity. Remarkably, all the observed biological effects were potentiated by the co-stimulation with the two compounds and were not mediated by VD receptor expression but rather by the ERK 1/2 pathway. Altogether, the results of this study reveal the powerful synergistic anti-inflammatory activity of SF and VD and lay the foundation for future clinical assessment of their efficacy in AMD.
In femoral sciatic group, the femoral and sciatic nerve are located using ultrasound and 0.2% ropivacain is injected. A catheter is inserted to femoral nerve. From the end of operation, 0.2% ropivacaine was infused through the femoral catheter at a rate of 5ml/hr.
The recommended dose of teriflunomide tablets is 7mg or 14 mg orally once daily. Teriflunomide tablets can be taken with or without food. Monitoring to Assess Safety.

  * Obtain transaminase and bilirubin levels within 6 months before initiation of teriflunomide tablet therapy. Monitor ALT levels at least monthly for six months after starting teriflunomide tablets [see Warnings and Precautions(5.1)] . 
  * Obtain a complete blood cell count (CBC) within 6 months before the initiation of treatment with teriflunomide tablets. Further monitoring should be based on signs and symptoms of infection [see Warnings and Precautions(5.4)] . 
  * Prior to initiating teriflunomide tablets, screen patients for latent tuberculosis infection with a tuberculin skin test or blood test for mycobacterium tuberculosis infection [see Warnings and Precautions(5.4)].    

  * Exclude pregnancy prior to initiation of treatment with teriflunomide tablets in females of reproductive potential [see  Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].    

  * Check blood pressure before start of teriflunomide tablet treatment and periodically thereafter [see  Warnings and Precautions (5.9)].
Genetic susceptibility to familial colorectal cancer (CRC), including for individuals classified as Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X (FCCTX), remains poorly understood. We describe a multi-generation CRC-affected family segregating pathogenic variants in both BRCA1, a gene associated with breast and ovarian cancer and RNF43, a gene associated with Serrated Polyposis Syndrome (SPS). A single family out of 105 families meeting the criteria for FCCTX (Amsterdam I family history criteria with mismatch repair (MMR)-proficient CRCs) recruited to the Australasian Colorectal Cancer Family Registry (ACCFR; 1998-2008) that underwent whole exome sequencing (WES), was selected for further testing. CRC and polyp tissue from four carriers were molecularly characterized including a single CRC that underwent WES to determine tumor mutational signatures and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events. Ten carriers of a germline pathogenic variant BRCA1:c.2681_2682delAA p.Lys894ThrfsTer8 and eight carriers of a germline pathogenic variant RNF43:c.988 C > T p.Arg330Ter were identified in this family. Seven members carried both variants, four of which developed CRC. A single carrier of the RNF43 variant met the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO2019) criteria for SPS, developing a BRAF p.V600 wildtype CRC. Loss of the wildtype allele for both BRCA1 and RNF43 variants was observed in three CRC tumors while a LOH event across chromosome 17q encompassing both genes was observed in a CRC. Tumor mutational signature analysis identified the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-associated COSMIC signatures SBS3 and ID6 in a CRC for a carrier of both variants. Our findings show digenic inheritance of pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and RNF43 segregating with CRC in a FCCTX family. LOH and evidence of BRCA1-associated HRD supports the importance of both these tumor suppressor genes in CRC tumorigenesis.
Whole body vibration application will be done with Compex® Winplate device. During this application, patients will be asked to continue static semi-squat position with 5 minutes of vibration and then 5 minutes of vibration.Vibration frequency, 30 Hz amplitude will be selected 2 mm.
The treatment of infants with antiepileptic medications after the resolution of neonatal seizures is highly variable and controversial. Infants are commonly treated with phenobarbital after their seizures have resolved to prevent recurrence. Data to support this practice are lacking but animal models suggest that the neonatal brain is vulnerable to repeated seizures. Yet exposure of the developing brain to phenobarbital for prolonged periods may have deleterious consequences. We are proposing a multi-center, randomized, clinical trial (RCT) to determine if continued treatment with phenobarbital reduces seizure recurrence without adversely affecting neurodevelopmental outcome or if infants' outcomes are improved if no prophylactic medication is given. We will identify infants with seizures beginning in the first week that resolve within 7 days and randomize them to receive phenobarbital or placebo daily for four months. Via visits and frequent telephone contacts over the first six months, we will determine the rate of seizure recurrence. The primary outcome, neurodevelopmental status, will be assessed at 18-22 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Additional subgroup analyses are planned to determine the contribution of seizure etiology to outcome and predictive value of initial EEG classification. The trial will be conducted at 18 - 20 sites, chosen for their experience and proven track record for enrollment and retention in this specific population. The trial will be coordinated by the Clinical Trials Coordination Center at the University of Rochester and overseen by a Steering Committee composed of experienced trialists representing neonatology and pediatric neurology, biostatistics, and clinical trial administration.

Extrapolation from the results of an RCT of phenobarbital prophylaxis after febrile seizures in children suggests that phenobarbital may adversely affect brain development and may be ineffective in preventing seizures. Based on this previous RCT that resulted in near universal change in practice (the elimination of prolonged use of phenobarbital after simple febrile seizures), we anticipate that the data we generate may have a similar impact on standard of care for infants with neonatal seizures.
Introduction Intubated critically ill patients are susceptible to secretion accumulation because of compromised airway clearance. Various airway clearance interventions are employed to prevent complication arising from mucus retention. This Delphi study aims to collect global opinions on the usefulness of these various airway clearance interventions. The diverse expertise of the panel will provide valuable insights for refining airway care for intubated critically ill patients, eventually improving outcomes.

Methods The steering committee, comprising of 10 healthcare professionals working in intensive care including two Delphi methodologists, performed a focused literature search on airway clearance methods and drafted statements. Statements are grouped into two distinct parts: (1) Humidification and Nebulization, and (2) Suctioning and Secretion mobilization techniques. For each Delphi part a diverse panel of 35-40 experts will be selected, with concerted effort to involve experts from various medical specialties involved in airway clearance methods inclusive of, but not limited to ICU nurses, respiratory therapists, physiotherapists, intensive care physicians. The identity of these experts will stay anonymized from each other until the end of the Delphi process. Multiple choice questions (MCQs) or 7-point Likert-scale statements will be used in the iterative Delphi rounds to reach consensus on various airway clearance interventions. Comments and feedback from experts will be collected during each Delphi round. Anonymized survey report and comments will be shared with other experts along with link for the consecutive survey. The Delphi rounds will be continued until a stable agreement or disagreement is achieved for all statements. The steering committee will not participate in the voting process during Delphi rounds.

Analysis Consensus will be deemed achieved when a choice in MCQs or a Likert-scale statement achieves ≥ 75% agreement or disagreement. Starting from the second round of the Delphi process, stability will be assessed using non-parametric χ2 tests or Kruskal-Wallis tests. Stability will be defined by a P-value of ≥ 0.05.

Ethics and dissemination The study will be conducted in strict accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and reported following ACCORD guidelines. An ethical approval waiver has been granted, due to the nature of the research. Participation in the study is voluntary, and completing and returning the survey will be considered as explicit consent to take part in the study. The study results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Patients' representatives will be involved to ensure their perspectives are considered throughout the research process.