anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Craniosynostosis, a developmental craniofacial anomaly, can impair brain development and cause abnormal skull shape due to premature closure of one or more cranial sutures. Traditional surgical treatments have evolved from open operations to minimally invasive endoscopic techniques. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the endoscopic approach in craniosynostosis correction.
METHODS: Adhering to Cochrane Group standards and the PRISMA framework, this review utilized databases like PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, focusing on clinical and surgical outcomes of endoscopic craniosynostosis operations up to December 2023. Inclusion criteria emphasized studies with at least five patients undergoing endoscopic procedures, while exclusion criteria involved non-English papers, incomplete texts, and overlapping data. Statistical analysis used R software with various packages, and methodological bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I framework.
RESULTS: The review included 30 studies (4 prospective, 26 retrospective) with 2561 patients. The median age at operation was 3.20 months. Findings showed a mean operative time of 68.06 min, median hospital stay of 1.28 days, and mean blood loss of 29.89 ml. Blood transfusion was required in 9.97% of cases. Helmet therapy post-operation was common, with a median duration of 9 months. The rate of postoperative complications was 1.86%, and the reoperation rate was 3.07%. No procedure-related mortality was observed. The study noted substantial variations in the handling of craniosynostosis and a lack of consensus on the optimal timing and surgical approach.
CONCLUSION: Endoscopic techniques for craniosynostosis repair demonstrate safety and effectiveness, characterized by low complication risks and favorable surgical outcomes. However, due to the limitations of observational studies and inherent heterogeneity, further comprehensive and controlled trials are needed to validate these findings and understand the long-term outcomes of the endoscopic approach.
FIELD: hygiene.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to oral care compositions and methods of use thereof. Proposed composition for dental hygiene contains a carrier applicable for oral use; 1% wt. zinc phosphate; 0.454% wt. stannous fluoride; 2 or 4% wt. tetrasodium pyrophosphate and 1.2% wt. citrate buffer relative to composition weight; wherein the amount of water is approximately 12% wt. or more relative to composition weight. Also proposed is a method of treatment or reducing of severity of tooth enamel erosion which includes application of said composition into the oral cavity of subject as needed. Zinc phosphate acts as a stabilizer for stannous fluoride so that stannous fluoride remains dissoluble and stable in solutions containing relatively high amount of water for such long periods of time as 3 months or longer under 40°C.EFFECT: technical result is efficient oral care composition.9 cl, 7 tbl, 8 ex
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) develops slowly and degeneratively (increasing diameter, wall tension, thinning and decreased wall strength, altered compliance) which affects the aortic pressure and wave reflection. In 50% of cases, AAA rupture may lead to death and 50% of the remaining patients referred to hospital die. This results in high costs and preventable loss of lives. AAA can also be detected by pulse wave (PW) analysis. which could enable development of easy to use, affordable and accurate methodology for the detection of AAAs. The measurement system used in the present study is capable of wireless recording of PWs from several different locations utilizing two different sensor modalities (blood-volume related photoplethysmographic (PPG) PWs and dynamic blood pressure PWs). The objective is to study PWs in the detection of AAA and the effects of endovascular repair (EVAR) and whether adverse effects (i.e. endograft failure) can be detected. It is hypothesized that AAA and failure of the operation can be detected by PW features, especially by printed flexible sensors which will improve the usability, patient comfort and safety (hygiene). The technology could make it possible to screen AAAs at lower costs even in the municipal health centers or by the patients themselves, at similar accuracy, without skilled personnel operating the diagnostic devices and therefore improve the cost effectiveness of AAA screening resulting in significant savings, resource reallocation in the healthcare and also improved patient safety and prevention of deaths. It could also enable patient-centered, comfort follow-up for patients treated by EVAR.
Plastics are one of the most pervasive materials on Earth, to which humans are exposed daily. Polystyrene (PS) is a common plastic packaging material. However, the impact of PS on human health remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to identify intestinal damage induced by PS nanoplastics (PS-NPs) in zebrafish larvae which have a high homology with humans. Four days post fertilization (dpf), zebrafish larvae were exposed to 0-, 10-, and 50-ppm PS-NPs for 48 h Initially, to ascertain if 100 nm PS-NPs could accumulate in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of zebrafish larvae, the larvae were exposed to red fluorescence-labeled PS-NPs, and at 6 dpf, the larvae were examined using a fluorescence microscope. Analysis of the fluorescence intensity revealed that the GI tract of larvae exposed to 50-ppm exhibited a significantly stronger fluorescence intensity than the other groups. Nonfluorescent PS-NPs were then used in further studies. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the spherical shape of the PS-NPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis revealed chemical alterations in the PS-NPs before and after exposure to larvae. The polydispersity index (PDI) value derived using a Zetasizer indicated a stable dispersion of PS-NPs in egg water. Whole-mount apoptotic signal analysis via TUNEL assay showed increased apoptosis in zebrafish larval intestines exposed to 50-ppm PS-NPs. Damage to the intestinal tissue was assessed by Alcian blue (AB) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. AB staining revealed increased mucin levels in the zebrafish larval intestines. Thin larval intestinal walls with a decrease in the density of intestinal epithelial cells were revealed by H&E staining. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by PS-NPs were identified and analyzed. In conclusion, exposure to PS-NPs may damage the intestinal barrier of zebrafish larvae due to increased intestinal permeability, and the in vivo gene network may change in larvae exposed to PS-NPs.
Standard 2-year carcinogenicity studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of insulin degludec. In a 52-week study including human insulin (NPH insulin) as comparator (6.7 units/kg/day), Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed subcutaneously with insulin degludec at 3.3, 6.7, and 10 units/kg/day, resulting in 5 times the human exposure (AUC) when compared to a human subcutaneous dosage of 0.75 units/kg/day. Human insulin was dosed at 6.7 units/kg/day. No treatment-related increases in incidences of hyperplasia, benign or malignant tumors were recorded in female mammary glands from rats dosed with insulin degludec and no treatment related changes in the female mammary gland cell proliferation were found using BrdU incorporation. Further, no treatment related changes in the occurrence of hyperplastic or neoplastic lesions were seen in other tissues in animals dosed with insulin degludec when compared to vehicle or human insulin.

Genotoxicity testing of insulin degludec was not performed.

In a combined fertility and embryo-fetal study in male and female rats, treatment with insulin degludec up to 21 units/kg/day (approximately 5 times the human subcutaneous dose of 0.75 units/kg/day, based on units/body surface area) prior to mating and in female rats during gestation had no effect on mating performance and fertility.
An increase in urinary bladder tumors was observed in mice given topiramate (20, 75, and 300 mg/kg) in the diet for 21 months. The elevated bladder tumor incidence, which was statistically significant in males and females receiving 300 mg/kg, was primarily due to the increased occurrence of a smooth muscle tumor considered histomorphologically unique to mice. Plasma exposures in mice receiving 300 mg/kg were approximately 0.5 to 1 times steady-state exposures measured in patients receiving topiramate monotherapy at the recommended human dose (RHD) of 400 mg, and 1.5 to 2 times steady-state topiramate exposures in patients receiving 400 mg of topiramate plus phenytoin. The relevance of this finding to human carcinogenic risk is uncertain. No evidence of carcinogenicity was seen in rats following oral administration of topiramate for 2 years at doses up to 120 mg/kg (approximately 3 times the RHD on a mg/m2 basis).

Topiramate did not demonstrate genotoxic potential when tested in a battery of in vitro and in vivo assays. Topiramate was not mutagenic in the Ames test or the in vitro mouse lymphoma assay; it did not increase unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes in vitro; and it did not increase chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vitro or in rat bone marrow in vivo.

No adverse effects on male or female fertility were observed in rats at doses up to 100 mg/kg (2.5 times the RHD on a mg/m2 basis).
With population aging, national health systems face difficult trade-offs in allocating resources. The World Bank launched the Healthy Longevity Initiative to generate evidence for investing in policies that can improve healthy longevity and human capital. As part of this initiative, we quantified the economic value of reducing avoidable mortality from major noncommunicable diseases and injuries. We estimated avoidable mortality-the difference between lowest-achieved mortality frontiers and projected mortality trajectories-for each cause of death, for 2000, 2019 and 2050, and for geographic regions, with high-income countries, India and China considered separately; we applied economic values to these estimates. The economic value of reducing cardiovascular disease avoidable mortality would be large for both sexes in all regions, reaching 2-8% of annual income in 2019. For cancers, it would be 5-6% of annual income in high-income countries and China, and for injuries, it would be around 5% in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean. Despite the large uncertainty surrounding our estimates, we offer economic values for reducing avoidable mortality by cause and metrics comparable to annual incomes, which enable multisectoral priority setting and are relevant for high-level policy discussions around budget and resource allocations.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject cosmetic excellent in sustainability of perfume and pleasant sensation by incorporating 2 typeS of perfumes, one included by a cyclodextrin (CD) and the other not. SOLUTION: The cosmetic contains 0.05 to 20wt.% of a perfume unclouded by a CD and 0.0001 to 10wt.% of a perfume not included by a CD. The CD- included perfume contains, at 15wt.% or higher as the essential component, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an 8-12C aldehyde, e.g. citral, an 8-12C alcohol, e.g. linalool, an 8-12C ketone, e.g. menthone, and an acetic ester of a 7-10C alcohol, e.g. benzyl acetate, each of which is easily included by a CD, keeps its fragrance for a long time and emits strong fragrance. The perfume not included by a CD is not limited, and an 8-12C hydrocarbon, e.g. limoente, is cited as one of the examples. It is preferable to apply the cosmetic in powder aerosol as an underarm deodorant. The cosmetic emits pleasant fragrance immediately after it is applied, which lasts at least for 2h without causing sticky sensation.
The involvement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in atherogenesis has been well-documented in clinical and pathological studies, as well as in many animal experiments. Epidemiological and clinical studies have established that high LDL-C and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are both associated with coronary heart disease. However, the risk of developing coronary heart disease is continuous and graded over the range of cholesterol levels and many coronary events do occur in patients with total cholesterol (total-C) and LDL-C in the lower end of this range.

Lovastatin has been shown to reduce elevated LDL-C concentrations. LDL is formed from very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and is catabolized predominantly by the high affinity LDL receptor. The mechanism of the LDL-lowering effect of lovastatin may involve both reduction of VLDL-C concentration, and induction of the LDL receptor, leading to reduced production and /or increased catabolism of LDL-C. Apolipoprotein B also falls during treatment with lovastatin. 

Lovastatin is a specific inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate. The conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate is an early step in the biosynthetic pathway for cholesterol.
Disclosed in the present invention are a pharmaceutical formulation and use thereof. The formulation comprises a first active component, a second active component and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant. The first active component is at least one selected from neutral endopeptidase inhibitors and precursors, active metabolites, stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and solvates thereof. The second active component is at least one selected from compounds represented by formula (I) or precursors, active metabolites, stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and a solvates thereof. The pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant comprises one or more disintegrants and/or one or more fillers. The formulation can ameliorate the problem that conventional adjuvants cannot dissolve out active ingredients effectively.
Liver fibrosis, a critical predictor of the prognosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is traditionally diagnosed via biopsy. Nevertheless, non-invasive alternatives, such as serum biomarkers, vibration-controlled transient elastography, and magnetic resonance elastography, have become prominent because of the limitations of biopsies. Serum biomarkers, such as fibrosis-4 index and NFS Score, are also used widely, offering reliable diagnostic performance for advanced fibrosis. Vibration-controlled transient elastography and shear wave elastography provide further non-invasive evaluations with high diagnostic accuracy, particularly for advanced fibrosis, but the results may be affected by factors such as obesity. Magnetic resonance elastography, with superior diagnostic accuracy and operator independence, is a promising method, but its high cost and limited availability restrict its widespread use. Emerging algorithms, such as NIS4, FAST, or MAST score, have strong potential in identifying high-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis patients. The integration of multiple non-invasive methods can optimize diagnostic accuracy, reducing the need for invasive biopsies while identifying patients at risk of liver-related complications. Further research is needed to refine these diagnostic tools and improve accessibility.
Particular embodiments disclosed herein provide an apparatus and corresponding methods for guiding ophthalmic surgery and enabling a surgeon to switch, after initiating surgery, between a primary treatment plan and one or more backup plans. Switching between a first plan and a second plan may be performed while omitting presentation of steps of the second plan compatible with implemented steps of the first plan. A treatment plan may include guides imposed on a live video of an eye of the patient that has been registered with respect to a pre-operative image. When switching between plans, initiating registration with respect to the pre-operative image is omitted. A treatment plan may define steps for placement of an IOL such as incision, rhexis, LRI, crystalline lens removal, placement of an IOL, alignment of a toric IOL, and post-operative data collection. Upon switching between first and second, previously implemented compatible steps are omitted from presentation of the second plan.
Schistosoma infection is one of the major causes of liver fibrosis. Emerging roles of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis have been identified. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism underlying the role of HPCs in liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis remains unclear. This study examined how autophagy in HPCs affects schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis by modulating exosomal miRNAs. The activation of HPCs was verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining in fibrotic liver from patients and mice with Schistosoma japonicum infection. By coculturing HPCs with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and assessing the autophagy level in HPCs by proteomic analysis and in vitro phenotypic assays, we found that impaired autophagy degradation in these activated HPCs was mediated by lysosomal dysfunction. Blocking autophagy by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) significantly diminished liver fibrosis and granuloma formation in S. japonicum-infected mice. HPC-secreted extracellular vehicles (EVs) were further isolated and studied by miRNA sequencing. miR-1306-3p, miR-493-3p, and miR-34a-5p were identified, and their distribution into EVs was inhibited due to impaired autophagy in HPCs, which contributed to suppressing HSC activation. In conclusion, we showed that the altered autophagy process upon HPC activation may prevent liver fibrosis by modulating exosomal miRNA release and inhibiting HSC activation in schistosomiasis. Targeting the autophagy degradation process may be a therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis during Schistosoma infection.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To explore a view of the human microbiome as an interconnected, functional, dynamic system that may be linked to the pathogenesis and progression of glaucoma.
METHODS: A literature review was undertaken that included publications from 1966 to 2023.
RESULTS: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) activate toll-like receptors (TLR) and mediate the human immune response. The LPS-TLR4 pathway is a potential avenue for the ocular, gut, and oral microbiomes to interface and/or influence ocular disease. Studies of gut dysbiosis have shown that alterations in the healthy microbiota can predispose the host to immune-mediated inflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions, while oral and ocular surface dysbiosis has been correlated with glaucoma. While developmental exposure to commensal microflora has shown to be necessary for the autoimmune and neurodegenerative responses to elevated intraocular pressure to take place, commensal bacterial products like short-chain fatty acids have regulatory effects protective against glaucoma.
SUMMARY: Alterations to human microbiotas have been associated with changes in intestinal permeability, gene regulation, immune cell differentiation, and neural functioning, which may predispose the host to glaucoma. Select microbes have been highlighted for their potential contributions to glaucoma disease progression or protection, raising the potential for microbiota-based treatment modalities. Current topical glaucoma treatments may disrupt the ocular surface microbiota, potentially having ramifications on host health. Further study of the relationships between human microbiome and glaucoma is needed.
This study aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of microneedling (MN), both alone and in combination with other treatments, to refine the approach for treating acne scars using MN. We systematically searched Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials examining MN or its combinations in patients with acne scars. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 18 software. A total of 24 studies involving 1546 participants were included. The analysis revealed that MN combined with chemical peels (CP) exhibited the best results in terms of degree of improvement, patient satisfaction, and treatment efficacy compared to other treatments examined, including MN alone, MN with hyaluronic acid (HA), MN with botulinum toxin‑A (TA), MN with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), PRP alone, CP, and laser therapy. The results for MN combined with additional treatments were obviously better than for MN alone. Side effects such as erythema, pain, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation showed no significant differences across all treatments assessed.
Novel compounds of the Formula (I):- in which Ar represents a phenyl group containing at least one CF 3 group or at least two halogen atoms, Hy represents a hydrazo group, and R 1 and R 2 each represents a hydrogen atom or an organic residue, or, when taken together, a bivalent organic residue, and salts thereof, are obtained by reacting together compounds of the formula Ar-HyH and in which Z represents a chlorothiocarbonyl group, or, when taken together with Z 1 , a thiocarbonyl group, or a salt thereof. N1 - Ethyl - N - (3,5 - bis - trifluoromethyl. phenyl)-hydrazine is obtained by reacting 3,5- bis - trifluoromethyl - phenylhydrazine, acetic anhydride and triethylamine to form N-(3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenyl)- N1 - acetylhydrazine, then reducing the latter with LiAlH 4 to form the above product. 5 - Chloro - 3 - trifluoromethyl - phenylhydrazine is obtained by diazotizing 5- chloro-3-trifluoromethylaniline then reducing the diazonium salt with SnCl 2 and HCl. Pharmaceutical compositions, useful as birth control agents, anti-oestrogens and as antiphlogistics, comprise a compound of Formula (I) above together with a pharmaceutical carrier, in forms suitable for enteral or parenteral administration. The compounds may also be used in veterinary medicine as well as in animal feedstuffs and feed additives.
This study is a two-arm crossover study with two subgroups. Subjects will initially be assessed for their headache symptoms (Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) questionnaire) and then are provided an updated refractive prescription and will wear them for 35 ± 5 days. Symptoms will be reassessed after the 35-day control break in. If the subject's symptoms have subsided, they will be exited from the study and will keep their lenses. Provided the subject has symptoms (HIT questionnaire score ≥ 56) after their 35-day use of their updated prescription and they continue to meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria they will proceed to the evaluation portion of the protocol. The first arm receiving neurolens first and the second arm receiving the control first. The control is a single vision or PAL lens which yields the BCDVA and BCNVA of a test subject with no prismatic correction. The neurolens prescribed prism will be based on the practitioner's Rx using the subject's best response to a prism trial lens and must be within a half prism diopter of the neurolens value output of the neurolens Measurement Device and providing the subject's BCDVA and BCNVA. Participants will come back after 35 day wear of their first test lens and the symptom questionnaire is reassessed. They will be now be crossed over to the second pair of study lenses (i.e. subjects in the first arm will not receive control lens and the ones in the second arm will not receive neurolens). Participants will come back after 35 day wear of their second test lens and the symptom questionnaire is reassessed for the final time.