anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Progressive, involuntary weight and lean mass loss in cancer are linked to cachexia, a prevalent syndrome in gastrointestinal malignancies that impacts quality of life, survival and postoperative complications. Its pathophysiology is complex and believed to involve proinflammatory cytokine-mediated systemic inflammation resulting from tumor-host interaction, oxidative stress, abnormal metabolism and neuroendocrine changes. Therapeutic options for cachexia remain extremely limited, highlighting the need for clinical research targeting new interventions. Thus, this study primarily assesses the effects of grape-seed flour (GSF), rich in polyphenols and fibers, for attenuating perioperative weight loss in colorectal cancer.
METHODS: This is a dual-center, triple-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase II, randomized clinical trial designed to investigate GSF supplementation in subjects with pre- or cachexia associated with colorectal cancer during the perioperative period. Eighty-two participants will receive 8g of GSF or cornstarch (control) for 8 weeks. Assessments are scheduled around surgery: pre-intervention (4 weeks prior), day before, first week after, and post-intervention (4 weeks later). The primary endpoint is the difference in body weight mean change from baseline to week 8. The secondary endpoints describe the harms from 8-week supplementation and assess its superiority to improve body composition, post-surgical complications, quality of life, anorexia, fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, and handgrip strength. The study will also explore its effects on gut bacteria activity and composition, systemic inflammation, and muscle metabolism.
DISCUSSION: The current trial addresses a gap within the field of cancer cachexia, specifically focusing on the potential role of a nutritional intervention during the acute treatment phase. GSF is expected to modulate inflammation and oxidative stress, both involved in muscle and intestinal dysfunction. The research findings hold substantial implications for enhancing the understanding about cachexia pathophysiology and may offer a new clinical approach to managing cachexia at a critical point in treatment, directly impacting clinical outcomes.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC), RBR-5p6nv8b; UTN: U1111-1285-9594. Prospectively registered on February 07, 2023.
The present invention belongs to a therapeutic medicine used for clinically treating mastopathy. A preparation of the present invention comprises capsule No. 1 and capsule No. 2; the present invention adopts a method of simultaneously treating the liver and the kidney, and the medicine of the present invention is taken according to the change of a menses period. Through near infrared ray scan and high-frequency microfocus mammary gland machine examinations before and after the treatment, the total effective rate of the present invention reaches 97.2%, through statistical treatment and control group comparison, P is smaller than 0.005, and significant difference exists. The capsule No. 1 of the present invention comprises the following component: milkvetch root, bupleurum root, largehead atractylodes rhizome, green tangerine peel, deglued antler, herba laminariae, angelica, seaweed, common selfheal fruit-spike, common herons bill herb, szechwan chinaberry fruit and bulbus fritillaria; the capsule No. 2 of the present invention comprises the following component: common curculigo rhizome, medicinal indianmulberry root, sliced cornus cervi, trichosanthis fructus, common selfheal fruit-spike, prepared myrrh, stir-fried fankincense, ginger pinellia, motherwort and green tangerine peel.
This is an open-label, multi-center, single arm, dose-ranging, clinical study. Panitumumab will be administered by intravenous infusion to 4-6 patients per cohort. Three planned cohorts, stratified by age, will be studied at 100% of the recommended panitumumab dose for each treatment schedule as defined in adults. Enrollment will start with a 2.5 mg/kg once weekly administration to the 12 to \< 18 year old patients. Upon demonstration of sufficient safety additional cohorts will open; a 2.5 mg/kg once weekly administration to the 1 to \< 12 year old patients and a 6.0 mg/kg once every two weeks to the 12 to \< 18 year old patients. The decision to advance to the next cohort will be based on observance of ≤ 33% incidence of a dose limiting toxicity during the evaluation period. Subsequent cohorts of 6.0 mg/kg once every two weeks to the 1 to \< 12 year old patients and 9.0 mg/kg once every three weeks to both age groups will open once sufficient safety in each cohort is determined. Participants may stay on study treatment until disease progression.
As the public health sector continues to confront the opioid epidemic, orthopaedic surgeons must revisit pain management protocols to reduce unnecessary opioid prescriptions. The long-term goal is to reduce opioid use and residual opioids in circulation. The purposes are to 1) conduct a double-blinded randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of opioid versus non-opioid medications on post-surgical pain, and 2) examine predictors of opioid usage in individuals following Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Patients will use an innovative Smartphone application to track pain and medication usage. Additionally, patients will complete quality of life and pain catastrophizing questionnaires, as well as undergo pain threshold testing, to be used in a model to determine predictors of greater post-surgical opioid use. This study will provide information on non-opioid alternatives and specific predictors of post-surgical opioid use that can be used to develop prescribing protocols. These findings will help orthopaedic surgeons make informed decisions when tailoring individualized prescriptions for patients following ACL reconstruction. Importantly, findings will be readily translatable into research to reduce opioid use in other orthopaedic surgical cohorts as well. Our ultimate goal is to lessen the burden of the opioid epidemic on not only our orthopaedic patients, but also society, by minimizing the number of opioids left in circulation.
BACKGROUND: CD70 is commonly overexpressed in renal cell carcinoma and is minimally expressed in normal human tissue, making it a potential therapeutic target for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. The expression frequency of CD70 in metastatic renal cell carcinoma is not well established.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed CD70 immunohistochemistry in 391 primary renal tumors and 72 metastatic renal cell carcinomas on a tissue microarray including 26 sets of paired primary and metastatic tumors.
RESULTS: CD70 was frequently overexpressed in clear cell carcinoma, with a significantly lower expression rate in papillary renal cell carcinoma (P < .0001). No expression of CD70 was detected in other types of renal tumors and normal renal parenchyma. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma, CD70 expression was significantly correlated with hypoxia pathway proteins, corroborating with a recent study suggesting that CD70 is a downstream target gene of hypoxia-inducible factor. While higher expression levels were observed in males and non-Caucasians, CD70 expression was not associated with tumor grade, sarcomatoid differentiation, stage, or cancer-specific survival. Further, analysis of 26 paired primary and metastatic tumors from same individuals revealed a concordance rate of 85%.
CONCLUSION: Our findings validated CD70 as a promising therapeutic target for patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The utility of primary tumor tissue as surrogate samples for metastatic clear cell carcinoma awaits future CD70-targeted clinical trials.
BACKGROUND: Aerobic training is the primary method of rehabilitation for improving respiratory function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in remission. However, the mechanism underlying this improvement is not yet fully understood. The use of transcriptomics in rehabilitation medicine offers a promising strategy for uncovering the ways in which exercise training improves respiratory dysfunction in COPD patients. In this study, lung tissue was analyzed using transcriptomics to investigate the relationship between exercise and lung changes.
METHODS: Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 24 weeks, followed by nine weeks of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise, with a control group for comparison. Pulmonary function and structure were assessed at the end of the intervention and RNA sequencing was performed on the lung tissue.
RESULTS: Exercise training was found to improve airway resistance and lung ventilation indices in individuals exposed to cigarette smoke. However, the effect of this treatment on damaged alveoli was weak. The pair-to-pair comparison revealed numerous differentially expressed genes, that were closely linked to inflammation and metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS: Further research is necessary to confirm the cause-and-effect relationship between the identified biomarkers and the improvement in pulmonary function, as this was not examined in the present study.
This invention discloses a drug identification system, the structure of which includes a syringe platform equipped with roller structures and a motor component. This motor component drives the roller structures to allow the syringe to roll stably. The system also includes a camera for capturing images of the syringe and pills. The identification module performs image recognition by using syringe labels and pill labels, and the identification results are displayed 
by the display element. At the same time, the mobile power supply provides power to the entire system, and the fixed module can fix the system in a specific position. In addition, the wireless communication module can send identification results to the computer device for further management and operation. For pill management, a pill identification platform is introduced. The second motor component drives the rotating platform to rotate the pills, thereby providing more comprehensive image information for identification. Finally, the system includes a linkage structure that can drive the roller structure and the rotating platform in a linked manner, providing more diversified management methods. Through this system, it is possible to accurately manage and control the syringe and pills.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the 10-year preclinical cognitive trajectories of older, non-demented individuals towards the onset of the four most prevalent types of dementia, i.e., Alzheimer's disease(AD), Lewy body(LBD), vascular(VD) and frontotemporal dementia(FTD).
METHODS: Our analysis focused on data from older (≥ 60years) NACC (National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center) participants. Four distinct presymptomatic dementia groups (AD-LBD-VD-FTD) and a comparison group of cognitively unimpaired(CU) participants were formed. Comprehensive cognitive assessments involving verbal episodic memory, semantic verbal fluency, confrontation naming, mental processing speed - attention and executive function - cognitive flexibility were conducted at baseline and on an approximately yearly basis. Descriptive analyses (adjusted general linear models) were performed to determine and compare the yearly cognitive scores of each group throughout the follow-up. Exploratory analyses were conducted to estimate the rates of cognitive decline.
RESULTS: There were 3343 participants who developed AD, 247 LBD, 108 FTD, 155 VD and 3398 composed the CU group. Participants with AD performed worse on episodic memory than those with VD and LBD for about 3 to 4 years prior to dementia onset (the FTD group documented an intermediate course). Presymptomatic verbal fluency and confrontation naming trajectories differentiated quite well between the FTD group and the remaining dementia entities. Participants with incident LBD and VD performed worse than those with AD on executive functions and mental processing speed-attention since about 5 years prior to the onset of dementia, and worse than those with FTD more proximally to the diagnosis of the disorder.
CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneous cognitive trajectories characterize the presymptomatic courses of the most prevalent dementia entities.
Generally, packages for an analyte monitoring device are provided. The packages include a container for containing an analyte monitoring device. The container includes a bottom wall, a front wall, a rear wall, and two sidewalls extending from sides of the bottom wall to an open top end of the container. The front wall is shorter in height than the rear wall, and is on an opposite side of the bottom wall than the rear wall. The two sidewalls are on opposite sides of the bottom wall, and extend from the front wall to the rear wall. The package also includes an inner panel disposed between the front wall and the rear wall. A front compartment is formed between the inner panel and the front wall, and a rear compartment is formed between the inner panel and the rear wall. The opening of the rear compartment is at the top end of the container, and an opening of the front compartment is at the top end of the container. Analyte monitoring kits and methods relating thereto are also provided.
OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to explore the outcomes of primary implant placement in patients who have undergone enucleation on either a planned or emergent basis.
METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of 128 enucleations with at least a 1-year postoperative follow-up between November 2008 and May 2019 by a single oculoplastic surgeon at Albany Medical Center. Emergent cases were categorized as those with an active, unclosed globe perforation, secondary to either acute trauma, dehiscence or failed closure of a previously opposed wound, or exposure of a surgical site with dehiscence of the underlying sclera. Patient demographics, clinical features, and postoperative findings were recorded. The incidence of implant exposure was used as an indication of patient outcomes, and the data were subsequently analyzed using t tests.
RESULTS: Of the 128 enucleations performed, 32 (25%) were carried out on an emergent basis, of which 2 patients (6.25%) developed implant exposure. In contrast, of the 96 enucleations that were carried out in a planned, nonemergent manner, 3 patients (3.1%) developed implant exposure. There was no significant relationship between implant exposure rates in the acute and planned enucleation groups (p = 0.4047).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the implications of globe perforation, our analysis suggests no significant correlation of implant exposures in acute versus planned enucleations with primary orbital implants. As such, physicians may confidently place a primary implant at the time of enucleation in both groups, and they may use these data to counsel their patients about the risks of postoperative complications.
Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT's) are essential tools in antiretroviral treatment (ART) scale up. An important drawback to RDTs is the risk of false positive results. In 2005, MSF-Holland has therefore changed the testing algorithm to introduce a confirmation test. This proposal outlines an evaluation study of the results of the new confirmatory testing algorithm. It aims to compare the confirmatory algorithm employed by MSF-OCA to the MoH serial algorithm which is based on WHO recommendations. A secondary objective of the study is to determine if there is a correlation between kala-azar infection and risk of false positive HIV RDT results as clinicians in the projects suspect such a correlation. Furthermore, the study will look at the positive predictive value of weak test lines, which have been associated with higher risk of false positive results. Finally, the study aims to evaluate the results of a new simplified confirmation test, the dilution testing. Clients for the study will be recruited at two counseling and testing sites in Abdurafi and Humera, aiming to reach a sample size of 200 serial-algorithm positive and 200 negative samples in each site.
BACKGROUND: Refractory cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with high mortality rates, and the use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) as a therapeutic option has generated discussions. Therefore, its cost-effectiveness, especially in low- and middle-income countries like Brazil, remains uncertain.Objectives: To conduct a cost-utility analysis from the Brazilian Unified Health System perspective to assess the cost-effectiveness of VA-ECMO combined with standard care compared to standard care alone in adult refractory CS patients.
METHODS: We followed a cohort of refractory CS patients treated with VA-ECMO in tertiary care centers located in Southern Brazilian. We collected data on hospital outcomes and costs. We conducted a systematic review to supplement our data and utilized a Markov model to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and per life-year gained.
RESULTS: In the base-case analysis, VA-ECMO yielded an ICER of Int$ 37,491 per QALY. Sensitivity analyses identified hospitalization cost, relative risk of survival, and VA-ECMO group survival as key drivers of results. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis favored VA-ECMO, with a 78% probability of cost-effectiveness at the recommended willingness-to-pay threshold.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that, within the Brazilian Health System framework, VA-ECMO may be a cost-effective therapy for refractory CS. However, limited efficacy data and recent trials questioning its benefit in specific patient subsets highlight the need for further research. Rigorous clinical trials, encompassing diverse patient profiles, are essential to confirm cost-effectiveness and ensure equitable access to advanced medical interventions within healthcare systems, particularly in socio-economically diverse countries like Brazil.
BACKGROUND: 48, XXYY syndrome is a rare sex chromosome aneuploidy with severe systemic features. Ophthalmic manifestation of 48, XXYY syndrome include hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, hooded eye lids, strabismus, retinitis pigmentosa and Duane's syndrome.
CASE: We present mild foveal hypoplasia in a 12-year-old boy with 48, XXYY syndrome using swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The boy was referred for assessment of strabismus and poor visual acuity. OCT revealed persistence of inner retinal layers, and thinning of the outer nuclear layer in the perifoveal region with thickening of the outer plexiform layer. OCTA revealed increased vessel density with reduced foveal avascular zone.
CONCLUSION: We described novel OCT and OCTA features of bilateral foveal hypoplasia and reduction of FAZ in a case of 48, XXYY syndrome based on detailed clinical observation and thorough genetic testing. This case expanded the current literature of this rare sex chromosome abnormality and suggest the importance of retinal examinations in 48, XXYY syndrome.
The present invention regards a vaginal composition based on alkyl polyglycosides, in particular for the treatment of Streptococcus agalactiae infections and other pathogens. In particular, the invention regards a compound belonging to the class of the alkyl glucosides or alkyl polyglucosides for use in the prevention and in the treatment of bacterial infections of the vaginal tract, in particular Streptococcus agalactiae infections and other pathogens. There is also provided for the use of such compound in association to a further active ingredient selected within the category of the middle-chain saturated fatty acids or the glycerol ester derivatives thereof and relative mixture for use as a bacteriaostatic or bactericidal agent in the prevention and in the treatment of the bacterial infections of the vaginal tract. Examples of middle-chain saturated fatty acids or the glycerol ester derivatives thereof which can be used for the subject of the invention are: lauric acid, capric acid, caprylic acid and caproic acid and the glycerol ester derivatives thereof. These substances are commonly available in the market. Lauric acid and monolaurate (monoglycerol ester of lauric acid) and mixtures thereof shall be used in the preferred formulate. The formulations of the invention are preferably vaginal gels, ointments, vaginal mousse, vaginal tablets, hard and soft vaginal capsules, or vaginal lavages.
Subjects in this arm (N=8) receive neoadjuvant immunotherapy INCMGA00012 (500mg) + INCAGN01876 (300mg) + SRS. Subjects then undergo surgery. Postoperatively, the immunotherapy combination of INCMGA00012 (500 mg IV every 4 weeks) and INCAGN01876 (300mg IV every 2 weeks) is resumed and continued until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or for 2 years, whichever occurs first.
Rationale: Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotype with important prognostic implications. Identifying blood-based biomarkers of emphysema will facilitate early diagnosis and development of targeted therapies. Objectives: To discover blood omics biomarkers for chest computed tomography-quantified emphysema and develop predictive biomarker panels. Methods: Emphysema blood biomarker discovery was performed using differential gene expression, alternative splicing, and protein association analyses in a training sample of 2,370 COPDGene participants with available blood RNA sequencing, plasma proteomics, and clinical data. Internal validation was conducted in a COPDGene testing sample (n = 1,016), and external validation was done in the ECLIPSE study (n = 526). Because low body mass index (BMI) and emphysema often co-occur, we performed a mediation analysis to quantify the effect of BMI on gene and protein associations with emphysema. Elastic net models with bootstrapping were also developed in the training sample sequentially using clinical, blood cell proportions, RNA-sequencing, and proteomic biomarkers to predict quantitative emphysema. Model accuracy was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for subjects stratified into tertiles of emphysema severity. Measurements and Main Results: Totals of 3,829 genes, 942 isoforms, 260 exons, and 714 proteins were significantly associated with emphysema (false discovery rate, 5%) and yielded 11 biological pathways. Seventy-four percent of these genes and 62% of these proteins showed mediation by BMI. Our prediction models demonstrated reasonable predictive performance in both COPDGene and ECLIPSE. The highest-performing model used clinical, blood cell, and protein data (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in COPDGene testing, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.85-0.90). Conclusions: Blood transcriptome and proteome-wide analyses revealed key biological pathways of emphysema and enhanced the prediction of emphysema.