anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The gradual deterioration of physiological systems with ageing makes it difficult to maintain skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia), at least partly due to the presence of 'anabolic resistance', resulting in muscle loss. Sarcopenia can be transiently but markedly accelerated through periods of muscle disuse-induced (i.e., unloading) atrophy due to reduced physical activity, sickness, immobilisation or hospitalisation. Periods of disuse are detrimental to older adults' overall quality of life and substantially increase their risk of falls, physical and social dependence, and early mortality. Disuse events induce skeletal muscle atrophy through various mechanisms, including anabolic resistance, inflammation, disturbed proteostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of which tip the scales in favour of a negative net protein balance and subsequent muscle loss. Concerningly, recovery from disuse atrophy is more difficult for older adults than their younger counterparts. Resistance training (RT) is a potent anabolic stimulus that can robustly stimulate muscle protein synthesis and mitigate muscle losses in older adults when implemented before, during and following unloading. RT may take the form of traditional weightlifting-focused RT, bodyweight training and lower- and higher-load RT. When combined with sufficient dietary protein, RT can accelerate older adults' recovery from a disuse event, mitigate frailty and improve mobility; however, few older adults regularly participate in RT. A feasible and practical approach to improving the accessibility and acceptability of RT is through the use of resistance bands. Moving forward, RT must be prescribed to older adults to mitigate the negative consequences of disuse atrophy.
PURPOSE: Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease with global distribution among adults and children which affects daily functioning and ultimately quality of life. Primary care physicians (PCPs) provide an important role for the treatment of severe obesity. Better understanding of obesity and its treatment options may increase patients' referral rates to the various treatment modalities, including metabolic/bariatric surgery (MBS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional study used a self-reported questionnaire among PCPs of Clalit Health Services (CHS) in Northern Israel. The quantitative questionnaire examined the PCP's knowledge, opinions, attitude, and approaches to managing severe obesity.
RESULTS: A total of 246 PCPs from Northern Israel filled the questionnaire (42.9%), the majority were Muslim Arabs (54.5%), who gained their medical degree outside of Israel (73.8%) and practicing for over 10 years (58.8%). 64.3% of PCPs had a high workload (over 100 appointments per week), 77.1% did not know the definition of severe obesity, and 69.17% did not attend educational meetings regarding obesity during the previous year. The referral rate for MBS was 50.4% ± 23.3. Two prognostic factors that had a statistically significant effect on the referral rate for bariatric surgery were the total appointments per week, and the number of practice years. Both had a negative association.
CONCLUSION: The knowledge and referral rates for bariatric surgery are higher among PCPs with lower workload and relatively fewer practice years. Workshops and annual training courses may fortify knowledge and awareness for the treatment of obesity, which in turn could increase the referral rate for MBS.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress the insolubilization of gelatin and improve the dissolution property of an active component by including aminoacetic acid in the agent filled in a capsule. SOLUTION: Aminoacetic acid is included in an agent filled in a hard gelatin capsule. The amount of the aminoacetic acid is preferably 0.5-30 wt.% based on the shell of the capsule. The capsule agent preferably contains a condensed imidazopyridine derivative, etc., such as 2-(isoxazol-3-yl)-1,6,7,9- tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d]pyrano[4,3-b]pyridine as an active pharmaceutical component in an amount of 0.1-40 wt.% based on the whole capsule agent and 5-150 wt.% based on the shell of the capsule. The capsule shell is preferably incorporated with 30-60 wt.% of a disintegration agent (e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose).
The increasing resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) has caused significant medical issue. With limited antimicrobial agents available, it has been an increasing challenge in infection control and disease treatment. Linezolid is the second line antibiotics in the treatment of MRSA and PRSP infections, and it is also the drug of choice for VRE infections. It can be an alternative against multidrug resistant tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis mycobacterium. Linezolid has almost 100% of bioavailability. It has excellent tissue penetration. It metabolized via non-enzymatic oxidation. Two major metabolites, aminoethoxyacetic acid (chemical name) and hydroxyethyl glycine (chemical name), are final forms before excreted through kidneys. Even though the manufacturer does not recommend dosing adjustment for patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction, recent studies demonstrated accumulation of linezolid and 2 metabolites in the body. Patients who receive more than 2 weeks of treatment duration and who have renal dysfunction or severe cirrhosis may present higher plasma linezolid concentration. Patients may experience anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia under long-term use of linezolid. However, there is lack of study on lactic acidosis, peripheral neuropathy, and optic neuropathy due to mitochondrial toxicity.

This study has two parts. This study will analysis the medical charts in NTUH from 2011 to 2016 to get the population demographics who use linezolid and the occurrence rate of myelosuppression, neuropathy and lactic acidosis. Then, followed by a prospective study which aim is to monitor the plasma peak and trough concentration of linezolid (total and free drug) and 2 metabolites by different sample collecting method (plasma, dry blood spot; DBS). If clinical necessity, the investigators may also monitor tissue fluid concentration. Clinical response and toxicity were monitored by liquid chromatography (LC) analysis. The investigators plan to evaluate the association between plasma concentration and toxicity including bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, and lactic acidosis. It is important to determine if dose adjustment in patients with renal and/or hepatic dysfunction is required. Simultaneously, the investigators want to develop DBS method which can ease patients' uncomfortable sense and simplify the drug monitor process. The result of this study will provide physicians more information to prevent concentration-dependent adverse effects.
Participants in the Control arm receive 2 therapy sessions on LifeSteps and sexual decision-making. Participants then participate in 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-up assessments.
Studies in women taking levothyroxine sodium during pregnancy have not shown an increased risk of congenital abnormalities. Therefore, the possibility of fetal harm appears remote. Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets, USP should not be discontinued during pregnancy and hypothyroidism diagnosed during pregnancy should be promptly treated.

Hypothyroidism during pregnancy is associated with a higher rate of complications, including spontaneous abortion, pre-eclampsia, stillbirth and premature delivery. Maternal hypothyroidism may have an adverse effect on fetal and childhood growth and development. During pregnancy, serum T4 levels may decrease and serum TSH levels increase to values outside the normal range. Since elevations in serum TSH may occur as early as 4 weeks gestation, pregnant women taking Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets, USP should have their TSH measured during each trimester. An elevated serum TSH level should be corrected by an increase in the dose of Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets, USP. Since postpartum TSH levels are similar to preconception values, the Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets, USP dosage should return to the pre-pregnancy dose immediately after delivery. A serum TSH level should be obtained 6-8 weeks postpartum.

Thyroid hormones cross the placental barrier to some extent as evidenced by levels in cord blood of athyroceotic fetuses being approximately one third maternal levels. Transfer of thyroid hormone from the mother to the fetus, however, may not be adequate to prevent in utero, hypothyroidism.
The participants received a caloric restriction of 20% of total energy estimated with Mifflin formula plus a structured, planned, and controlled resistance exercise program by a personal trained. The participant received the exercise program instructions every week and they performed by the own, and record the heart rate of each session on a paper format. All the appointment were once a month by trained nutritionists, and all the participants received a nutritional recommendation for the obesity management and a balanced food plan.
The RaniPill device is capsule-like ingestible device, which injects a microneedle containing a microtablet (payload/drug) into the intestinal wall. This is a phase I (first-in-human) open-label study in healthy volunteers. In 6 subjects, 100 mcg of octreotide (Sandostatin®) will be injected intravenously. Three versions of the RaniPill (A, B and C) will be tested in additional three groups of healthy volunteers (N=20 each). All devices will contain 100 mcg of octreotide. The bioavailability of octreotide will be determined by serial blood sampling in Groups A and B. Performance of the RaniPill will be evaluated in all groups.
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease leads to cardiac remodelling of multifactorial origin known as "uraemic cardiomyopathy", the reversibility of which after kidney transplantation (KT) remains controversial. Our objectives were to assess, in the modern era, changes in echocardiographic parameters following KT and identify predictive clinical and biological factors associated with echocardiographic changes.
METHODS: One hundred six patients (mean age 48 ± 16, 73% male) who underwent KT at the University Hospital of Nancy between 2007 and 2018 were retrospectively investigated. Pre- and post-KT echocardiography findings (8.6 months before and 22 months after KT on average, respectively) were centralised, blind-reviewed and compared.
RESULTS: A majority of patients (60%) had either a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction < 50%, at least moderately abnormal LV mass index or left atrial (LA) dilatation at pretransplanted echocardiography. After KT, LV remodelling and diastolic doppler indices did not significantly change whereas LA volume index (LAVI) increased (35.9 mL/m2 post-KT vs. 30.9 mL/m2 pre-KT, p = 0.006). Advancing age, cardiac valvular disease, delayed graft function, lower post-KT haemoglobin, and more severe post-KT hypertension were associated with higher LAVI after KT. Higher post-KT serum creatinine, more severe post-KT hypertension and lower pre-KT blood calcium levels were associated with a deterioration in LAVI after KT.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Adverse remodelling of the left atrial volume occurred after KT, predominantly in patients with lower pre-KT blood calcium, poorer graft function and post-KT hypertension. These results suggest that a better management of modifiable factors such as pre-KT hyperparathyroidism or post-KT hypertension could limit post-KT cardiac remodelling.
PURPOSE:To provide the subject dermatic agent for external use, containing an aromatic carboxylic acid salt of a lightly depolymerized chitosan as an active component, having tyrosinase-inhibiting action and exhibiting ultraviolet- shielding effect and melanogenesis-suppressing effect. CONSTITUTION:The objective agent can be prepared by using an aromatic carboxylic acid salt of a lightly depolymerized chitosan obtained by the deacetylation of chitin as an active component, properly compounding the active component with conventional components and forming to a desired form by conventional procedure. The tyrosinase-inhibiting action of chitosan depends upon its molecular weight and, accordingly, a high molecular weight chitosan is depolymerized to a molecular weight of 5,000-50,000 for increasing the activity. The chitosan can be produced by the decomposition reaction with chitosanase of a mold of genus Monascus. Melanin lacks the action for shielding ultraviolet ray in sunlight. The UV-shielding action of melanin can be increased by forming a salt with aromatic carboxylic acid and chitosan.
Information relevant to parenting a young child with ASD (e.g. parent advocacy, developmental changes in ASD, treatment options) delivered via telehealth in 15 remote-delivered treatment sessions -12 weekly and 3 booster treatment sessions over 6 month period.
To promote improved trial design in upcoming randomized clinical trials in childhood chronic kidney disease (CKD), insight in the within- and inter-patient variability of uremic toxins with its nutritional, treatment- and patient-related confounding factors is of utmost importance. In this study, the within- and inter-patient variability of a selection of uremic toxins in a longitudinal cohort of children diagnosed with CKD was assessed, using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the within-patient coefficient of variation (CV). Subsequently, the contribution of anthropometry, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), dietary fiber and protein, and use of (prophylactic) antibiotics to uremic toxin variability was evaluated. Based on 403 observations from 62 children (median seven visits per patient; 9.4 ± 5.3 years; 68% males; eGFR 38.5 [23.1; 64.0] mL/min/1.73 m2) collected over a maximum of 2 years, we found that the within-patient variability is high for especially protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) (ICC < 0.7; within-patient CV 37-67%). Moreover, eGFR was identified as a predominant contributor to the within- and inter-patient variability for the majority of solutes, while the impact of the child's anthropometry, fiber and protein intake, and antibiotics on the variability of uremic toxin concentrations was limited. Based on these findings, we would recommend future intervention studies that attempt to decrease uremic toxin levels to select a (non-dialysis) CKD study population with a narrow eGFR range. As the expected effect of the selected intervention should exceed the inter-patient variability of the selected uremic toxins, a narrow eGFR range might aid in improving the trial design.
Participants will have their three hour sitting period interrupted with high intensity interval cycling exercise (HIIE) at 30, 90 and 150 minutes into the intervention. In each exercise bout, they will cycle at 90% peak power for 3 x 60 second periods with 75 seconds of recovery in-between.
Experimental: intervention group The patients were interviewed 3 times, initially at the 1st month and at the 3rd month. All forms were initially administered to patients in the intervention group. Patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group and participated in a one-on-one Roy Adaptation Model-based training program consisting of an initial 30-45 minute session. Hemodialysis Patient Education Manual prepared by the researchers was applied to the patients in the intervention group during the training. All forms were re-administered to the patients in the intervention group in the 1st and 3rd months.
Patients in the Group 2 received physical therapy modalities including hot packs, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and deep heater ultrasound to the shoulder. The hot packs were preserved at 71°C, then application of hot packs were done at a temperature of 40-43°C with TENS (4 cannulated electrodes) adjusted at 60-100 Hz for 20 minutes. Therapeutic deep heater ultrasound was applied to warm up subcutaneous tissues for 10 minutes at 1.5 watts/cm2. Until follow-up process was over, no medications other than paracetamol were allowed.
Patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria and volunteer to participate will be randomly assigned to "Active CES Therapy" and "Sham CES Therapy" groups. Before start of the treatment (active or sham), their medication details or any other form of treatment they are on will be noted down. These patients will be assessed on self-rated Beck Depression Inventory and clinician rated Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. They will be also assessed on neuropsychological functions of attention, executive functions, memory, information processing and emotional processing evaluation using Emotional Test Battery. In addition, 25 patients from each group will undergo EEG recording whilst they perform computer based tasks. These assessments will take place at 4 time points (Pre-treatment, 1 month after treatment, at 3 months, and at 6 months after treatment).

The study will use scalp based electroencephalogram (EEG) to record the brain activity of participants whilst they perform computer based tasks. The aim is to understand if there would be changes in the neural signals following cranial electrotherapy stimulation. Investigators propose to use EEG to investigate if CES therapy will modulate brain responses in a way that leads to better information processing as a mechanism to improve depression. Furthermore, researchers will also investigate changes in EEG based brain connectivity patterns following CES therapy. Therefore, as a mechanism of action for CES therapy could be changes in the functional brain connectivity for efficient information processing. EEG investigation will be helpful to understand this connectivity based mechanism following CES.
Prepn. having a coating of film-forming enteric polymer and, as plasticiser, a mono- and/or di-ester of glycerol with a 6-10C satd. aliphatic carboxylic acid is new. The plasticisers are highly effective in aq. and in organic solvent based systems for appln. of the polymer coating to granules, pills, capsules, tablets, powders, etc., to give enterically coated prods.. Pref. the acid has 6, 8 or 10C and it is esp. octanoic acid. The polymer may be carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, methyl acrylate -methacrylic acid copolymer, starch acetate phthalate, cellulose acetatesuccinate, styrenemaleic acid copolymer, starch polyacetate, cellulose benzoate phthalate, methylcellulose phthalate, ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose phthalte, cellulose acetate maleate, etc..
BACKGROUND: It's unclear if excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass in individuals with prediabetes can be countered by adherence to a Mediterranean lifestyle (MEDLIFE). We aimed to examine VAT mass, MEDLIFE adherence, and their impact on type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic microvascular complications (DMC) in individuals with prediabetes.
METHODS: 11,267 individuals with prediabetes from the UK Biobank cohort were included. VAT mass was predicted using a non-linear model, and adherence to the MEDLIFE was evaluated using the 25-item MEDLIFE index, encompassing categories such as "Mediterranean food consumption," "Mediterranean dietary habits," and "Physical activity, rest, social habits, and conviviality." Both VAT and MEDLIFE were categorized into quartiles, resulting in 16 combinations. Incident cases of T2D and related DMC were identified through clinical records. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were employed to examine associations, adjusting for potential confounding factors.
RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 13.77 years, we observed 1408 incident cases of T2D and 714 cases of any DMC. High adherence to the MEDLIFE, compared to the lowest quartile, reduced a 16% risk of incident T2D (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71-0.98) and 31% for incident DMC (0.69, 0.56-0.86). Conversely, compared to the lowest quartile of VAT, the highest quartile increased the risk of T2D (5.95, 4.72-7.49) and incident any DMC (1.79, 1.36-2.35). We observed an inverse dose-response relationship between MEDLIFE and T2D/DMC, and a dose-response relationship between VAT and all outcomes (P for trend < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a nearly linear dose-response pattern across all associations. Compared to individuals with the lowest MEDLIFE quartile and highest VAT quartile, those with the lowest T2D risk had the lowest VAT and highest MEDLIFE (0.12, 0.08-0.19). High MEDLIFE was linked to reduced T2D risk across all VAT categories, except in those with the highest VAT quartile. Similar trends were seen for DMC.
CONCLUSION: High adherence to MEDLIFE reduced T2D and MDC risk in individuals with prediabetes, while high VAT mass increases it, but MEDLIFE adherence may offset VAT's risk partly. The Mediterranean lifestyle's adaptability to diverse populations suggests promise for preventing T2D.
The increasing attention towards age-related diseases has generated significant interest in the concept of cognitive dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Certain limitations are associated with the current therapies, and flavonoids have been reported to exhibit multiple biological activities and anti-AD effects in several AD models owing to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic properties. In this study, we performed an initial in silico predictions of the pharmacokinetic properties of three flavonoids (rhoifolin, baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether and agathisflavone). Subsequently, we evaluated the antiamnesic and antioxidant potential of flavonoids in concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 μg/L in scopolamine (100 μM)-induced amnesic zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Zebrafish behavior was analyzed by novel tank diving test (NTT), Y-maze, and novel object recognition test (NOR). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, brain antioxidant status and the expression of bdnf, npy, egr1, nrf2α, creb1 genes, and CREB-1 protein level was measured to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action. Our flavonoids improved memory and decreased anxiety-like behavior of scopolamine-induced amnesia in zebrafish. Also, the studied flavonoids reduced AChE activity and brain oxidative stress and upregulated the gene expression, collectively contributing to neuroprotective properties. The results of our study add new perspectives on the properties of flavonoids to regulate the evolution of neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD, by modulating the expression of genes involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, and guidance, sympathetic and vagal transmission, the antioxidant response and cell proliferation and growth.
The investigators gave patients subcutaneous bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 on days 1, 8,15, and 22; oral lenalidomide 25mg on days 1 to 21; and oral dexamethasone 40mg on days 1, 8, 15 and 12 of a 28-day cycle.Patients are allowed to proceed to stem-cell transplantation after four cycles of VRD at the discretion of the treating physician.Two months after hematologic recovery, nonprogressive patients are to receive consolidation therapy comprising two cycles of VRD.Patients who do not proceed to stem-cell transplantation receive more two induction cycles after obtaining maximum response but no less than six cycles totally. Responding patients could receive maintenance therapy comprising 4-week cycles of bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 on days 1 and 15 and lenalidomide on days 1 to 21 at the dose level of 10mg.