anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reactions rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The adverse reaction information from clinical trials does, however, provide a basis for identifying the adverse events that appear to be related to drug use and for approximating rates.

Hypertension

Diovan HCT (valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide, USP) has been evaluated for safety in more than 5700 patients, including over 990 treated for over 6 months, and over 370 for over 1 year. Adverse experiences have generally been mild and transient in nature and have only infrequently required discontinuation of therapy. The overall incidence of adverse reactions with Diovan HCT was comparable to placebo.

The overall frequency of adverse reactions was neither dose-related nor related to gender, age, or race. In controlled clinical trials, discontinuation of therapy due to side effects was required in 2.3% of valsartan-hydrochlorothiazide patients and 3.1% of placebo patients. The most common reasons for discontinuation of therapy with Diovan HCT were headache and dizziness.

The only adverse reaction that occurred in controlled clinical trials in at least 2% of patients treated with Diovan HCT and at a higher incidence in valsartan-hydrochlorothiazide (n = 4372) than placebo (n = 262) patients was nasopharyngitis (2.4% vs. 1.9%).

Dose-related orthostatic effects were seen in fewer than 1% of patients. In individual trials, a dose-related increase in the incidence of dizziness was observed in patients treated with Diovan HCT.

Initial Therapy-Hypertension

In a clinical study in patients with severe hypertension (diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mmHg and systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg), the overall pattern of adverse reactions reported through 6 weeks of follow-up was similar in patients treated with Diovan HCT as initial therapy and in patients treated with valsartan as initial therapy. Comparing the groups treated with Diovan HCT (force-titrated to 320/25 mg) and valsartan (force-titrated to 320 mg), dizziness was observed in 6% and 2% of patients, respectively. Hypotension was observed in 1% of those patients receiving Diovan HCT and 0% of patients receiving valsartan. There were no reported cases of syncope in either treatment group. Laboratory changes with Diovan HCT as initial therapy in patients with severe hypertension were similar to those reported with Diovan HCT in patients with less severe hypertension [see Clinical Studies (14.2), Drug Interactions (7)].

Valsartan: In trials in which valsartan was compared to an ACE inhibitor with or without placebo, the incidence of dry cough was significantly greater in the ACE inhibitor group (7.9%) than in the groups who received valsartan (2.6%) or placebo (1.5%). In a 129-patient trial limited to patients who had had dry cough when they had previously received ACE inhibitors, the incidences of cough in patients who received valsartan, hydrochlorothiazide, or lisinopril were 20%, 19%, 69%, respectively (p < 0.001).
The study is a randomized, controlled trial where the intervention is the evidence-based eConsult model in which consults are submitted by electronic, secure messaging to a specialist for review and "virtual" consultation. Primary Care Providers will be randomized to the control or intervention group. In the intervention group, ALL new, non urgent, adult cardiology referrals will be submitted to the eConsult Cardiology team for an eConsult. Consults for children (age \<18) and consults for patients who already have an established relationship with another cardiologist will not be eligible for an eConsult. Urgent consults, such as those for patients with active chest pain or other acute conditions, will not be submitted for eConsult and should instead be handled by the on-site care team as per the standard protocol. For eConsults, the consult will be submitted using the eConsult pathway within the electronic health record. eConsults will be created in the same way that standard referrals are created, with attachment of a treatment summary, EKG, relevant results, and specification of the consultative question. The eConsult will be received by the intervention Cardiology team and reviewed within 2 business days. One cardiologist per day will be assigned to review and respond to eConsults.

The result will be received by the primary care provider who will be responsible for acting appropriately on the cardiologist's recommendations. Recommendations will be case specific and may include one of three broad areas of suggestion: 1) suggestions for ongoing management by the primary care provider, 2) suggestions for additional testing in advance of a cardiology face to face appointment or to better determine a next course of action, and 3) immediate cardiology referral.

For each of these options, the primary care provider will be responsible for following up and implementing the recommendations made by the Cardiologist. When referral is recommended the primary care provider will refer the patient to the cardiologist of their choice based on their location and the patient's preference. While not required, they may refer the patient to the eConsult cardiology team at University of Connecticut for face to face care if desirable, but may also refer to other Cardiologists. The intervention will last one year. Providers randomized to the control group will provide standard care which involves a traditional referral for an in-person cardiology visit.
Embodiments of the invention can include or be used in conjunction with implantable medical devices and various in vitro applications. In an embodiment, an implantable medical device is included herein. The device can include a frame having an inner lumen; the frame comprising a copolymer formed from monomers comprising N-isopropylacrylamide or a thermally responsive derivative thereof and a second monomeric species including one or more of a heteroatom or a charged moiety. In an embodiment, a method of isolating a component of a mixture is included herein. The method can include mixing a sample with a copolymer formed from monomers comprising N-isopropylacrylamide or a thermally responsive derivative thereof and a second monomeric species including one or more of a heteroatom or a charged moiety to form a reagent mixture, the copolymer further comprising a moiety exhibiting affinity for an analyte in the sample. The method can further include raising the temperature of the reagent mixture to high enough for the copolymer to form a hydrogel. Other embodiments are also included herein.
A point-of-care bedside genetic test for CYP2C19\*2 and CYP2C19\*3 using a buccal swab will be conducted.2 P2Y12 inhibitory drug therapy will be then be directed based on a risk algorithm (integrating genotyping and clinical variables). Patients with "high ischemic risk" are defined as having (\*2 or \*3) and/or diabetes and/or (having age\>65 AND BMI\>=28). "High-risk" patients will be switched to prasugrel at 10mg daily, while "low ischemic risk" patients be kept on clopidogrel 75 daily. For patients \>age 75 or wt \< 60 kg, prasugrel will be reduced to 5mg daily.
BACKGROUND: Although COVID-19 infection has been associated with a number of clinical and environmental risk factors, host genetic variation has also been associated with the incidence and morbidity of infection. The CRP gene codes for a critical component of the innate immune system and CRP variants have been reported associated with infectious disease and vaccination outcomes. We investigated possible associations between COVID-19 outcome and a limited number of candidate gene variants including rs1205.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The Strong Heart and Strong Heart Family studies have accumulated detailed genetic, cardiovascular risk and event data in geographically dispersed American Indian communities since 1988. Genotypic data and 91 COVID-19 adjudicated deaths or hospitalizations from 2/1/20 through 3/1/23 were identified among 3,780 participants in two subsets. Among 21 candidate variants including genes in the interferon response pathway, APOE, TMPRSS2, TLR3, the HLA complex and the ABO blood group, only rs1205, a 3' untranslated region variant in the CRP gene, showed nominally significant association in T-dominant model analyses (odds ratio 1.859, 95%CI 1.001-3.453, p = 0.049) after adjustment for age, sex, center, body mass index, and a history of cardiovascular disease. Within the younger subset, association with the rs1205 T-Dom genotype was stronger, both in the same adjusted logistic model and in the SOLAR analysis also adjusting for other genetic relatedness.
CONCLUSION: A T-dominant genotype of rs1205 in the CRP gene is associated with COVID-19 death or hospitalization, even after adjustment for relevant clinical factors and potential participant relatedness. Additional study of other populations and genetic variants of this gene are warranted.
The application provides a medical information processing method and device, and relates to the technical field of medical information. The medical information processing method includes: after receiving the identification of a second patient receiving user aiming at the preset patient and sent by the patient receiving client of the first patient receiving user and the content of the patient receiving permission, configuring the patient receiving permission aiming at the preset patient for the second patient receiving user according to the content of the patient receiving permission. And sending a diagnosis receiving prompt message to a diagnosis receiving client of the second diagnosis receiving user so as to instruct the second diagnosis receiving user to carry out diagnosis and treatment operation on the preset diagnosis personnel according to the diagnosis receiving permission content. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment cooperation of the reception user across the ward is realized, and the order issuing, setting and the like can be free from the limit of the ward. In addition, flexible control of at least one permission of the preset medical staff is realized by configuring the content of the permission of the patient receiving. In addition, the prompt message is sent to the diagnosis and treatment client of the second patient-receiving user, so that the diagnosis and treatment method is clear and intuitive, and the inter-ward cooperation efficiency of the patient-receiving user is improved.
PURPOSE: To obtain a pharmaceutical aerosol preparation containing a drug, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, a surfactant, etc., scarcely containing chlorofluorocarbons and suitable for the topical administration to the lung, nose, etc. CONSTITUTION: This aerosol preparation contains a drug (e.g. phenylephrine or neomycin), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (abbreviated as propellant 134a), a surfactant (e.g. corn oil, olive oil, sorbitan trioleate or synthetic lecithin) and at least one kind of compound having higher polarity than propellant 134a (abbreviated as adjuvant). The adjuvant is preferably ethyl alcohol, propane, butane, etc. A mixture capable of dissolving a large amount of surfactant compared with the single use of propellant 134a can be obtained by the addition of the adjuvant. The presence of the surfactant enables the preparation of a stable and uniform suspension of drug particles (preferably having a particle diameter of <=10μm).
Use of the 10% Happier app to complete at least one meditation daily -with the possibility of exceeding this goal by choosing additional meditations- for 4 weeks. Participants will be asked to complete "The Basics" and "The Basics II" courses to familiarize themselves with the principles of mindfulness meditation. Each audio-recorded session begins with a short video providing psychoeducation around mindfulness meditation and teaching specific techniques (e.g., using the breath as an anchor, redirecting attention, noting thoughts and emotions). For the last two weeks of the program, participants will be invited to complete the "Essential Advice" course. This additional course is composed of 14 sessions ranging in length from 15 to 18 minutes.
SPTD is closely related to a premature cervical ripening. The scientific basis for the proposed project is that the elasticity modulus of a cervix is a more sensitive parameter characterizing the stage of cervical ripening. The main component of the cervical tissue is collagen. Cervical ripening is the result of realignment of collagen, degradation of collagen cross-linking due to proteolytic enzymes. These processes affect the elasticity modulus of the cervical tissue. Therefore, assessment of cervix by a device (CM) measuring cervical elasticity (stiffness) and cervical length (effacement) appears to be an adequate approach for identifying pregnant women at high risk of SPTD. The CM is based on measuring applied pressure to the cervix by a tactile sensor array (stress data) and ultrasound measurement of cervix length (strain data). Tactile and ultrasound sensors are allocated on the tip of the measuring part of vaginal probe. The discovery of novel bio markers that could reliably identify women who will subsequently deliver preterm, may allow for timely medical intervention and targeted therapeutic treatments aimed at improving maternal and fetal outcomes.
The potassium ion is the principal intracellular cation of most body tissues. Potassium ions participate in a number of essential physiological processes including the maintenance of intracellular tonicity; the transmission of nerve impulses; the contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle; and the maintenance of normal renal function.

The intracellular concentration of potassium is approximately 150 to 160 mEq per liter. The normal adult plasma concentration is 3.5 to 5 mEq per liter. An active ion transport system maintains this gradient across the plasma membrane.

Potassium is a normal dietary constituent and under steady-state conditions the amount of potassium absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is equal to the amount excreted in the urine. The usual dietary intake of potassium is 50 to 100 mEq per day.

Potassium depletion will occur whenever the rate of potassium loss through renal excretion and/or loss from the gastrointestinal tract exceeds the rate of potassium intake. Such depletion usually develops as a consequence of therapy with diuretics, primary or secondary hyperaldosteronism, diabetic ketoacidosis, or inadequate replacement of potassium in patients on prolonged parenteral nutrition. Depletion can develop rapidly with severe diarrhea, especially if associated with vomiting. Potassium depletion due to these causes is usually accompanied by a concomitant loss of chloride and is manifested by hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. Potassium depletion may produce weakness, fatigue, disturbances or cardiac rhythm (primarily ectopic beats), prominent U-waves in the electrocardiogram, and in advanced cases, flaccid paralysis and/or impaired ability to concentrate urine.

If potassium depletion associated with metabolic alkalosis cannot be managed by correcting the fundamental cause of the deficiency, e.g., where the patient requires long-term diuretic therapy, supplemental potassium in the form of high-potassium food or potassium chloride may be able to restore normal potassium levels.

In rare circumstances (e.g., patients with renal tubular acidosis) potassium depletion may be associated with metabolic acidosis and hyperchloremia. In such patients potassium replacement should be accomplished with potassium salts other than the chloride, such as potassium bicarbonate, potassium citrate, potassium acetate, or potassium gluconate.
BACKGROUND: Neck pain is a highly prevalent condition that leads to considerable pain, disability, and economic cost. We present the most current estimates of neck pain prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) by age, sex, and location, with forecasted prevalence to 2050.
METHODS: Systematic reviews identified population-representative surveys used to estimate the prevalence of and YLDs from neck pain in 204 countries and territories, spanning from 1990 to 2020, with additional data from opportunistic review. Medical claims data from Taiwan (province of China) were also included. Input data were pooled using DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool. Prevalence was forecast to 2050 using a mixed-effects model using Socio-demographic Index as a predictor and multiplying by projected population estimates. We present 95% UIs for every metric based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of 100 draws of the posterior distribution.
FINDINGS: Globally, in 2020, neck pain affected 203 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 163-253) people. The global age-standardised prevalence rate of neck pain was estimated to be 2450 (1960-3040) per 100 000 population and global age-standardised YLD rate was estimated to be 244 (165-346) per 100 000. The age-standardised prevalence rate remained stable between 1990 and 2020 (percentage change 0·2% [-1·3 to 1·7]). Globally, females had a higher age-standardised prevalence rate (2890 [2330-3620] per 100 000) than males (2000 [1600-2480] per 100 000), with the prevalence peaking between 45 years and 74 years in male and female sexes. By 2050, the estimated global number of neck pain cases is projected to be 269 million (219-322), with an increase of 32·5% (23·9-42·3) from 2020 to 2050. Decomposition analysis of the projections showed population growth was the primary contributing factor, followed by population ageing.
INTERPRETATION: Although age-standardised rates of neck pain have remained stable over the past three decades, by 2050 the projected case numbers are expected to rise. With the highest prevalence in older adults (higher in females than males), a larger effect expected in low-income and middle-income countries, and a rapidly ageing global population, neck pain continues to pose a challenge in terms of disability burden worldwide. For future planning, it is essential we improve our mechanistic understanding of the different causes and risk factors for neck pain and prioritise the consistent collection of global neck pain data and increase the number of countries with data on neck pain.
FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health.
In one aspect, the invention provides methods for treating, inhibiting, reducing or preventing acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia or some other pulmonary manifestation of coronavirus infection or other manifestation such as thrombosis in a mammalian subject infected with a coronavirus such as SARS-CoV-2. The method comprises the step of administering an amount of a MASP-2 inhibitor effective to inhibit MASP-2 dependent complement activation to a subject infected with a coronavirus. In one embodiment, the MASP-2 inhibitor is a MASP-2 monoclonal antibody or fragment thereof that specifically binds to a portion of SEQ ID NO. 6. In one embodiment, the MASP-2 inhibitor is a small molecule MASP-2 inhibitory compound. In one embodiment, the subject is a human subject having COVID-19-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and is in need of oxygen supplementation prior to treatment, and the MASP-2 inhibitor is administered in an amount sufficient to discontinue the need for oxygen supplementation.
A cryopreservation procedure that yields high percentages of normal births after rapid thawing of frozen embryos and implantation into recipient females. The techniques have been successfully used to cryopreserve mouse, rabbit and bovine embryos. In vitro success rates ranged from 75 to 90 % survival to the mature blastocyst stage for mice and rabbits. In vivo rates for implantation and survival of embryos ranged from 15 to 30 % and 40 to 50 % for mice and rabbits, respectively. Embryos are obtained by flushing the oviduct and uterus of donor females following prescribed periods post hCG using rehydration/recovery medium. These are equilibrated with equilibration medium for between five and ten minutes, preferably for seven minutes. Artificial insemination straws are prepared containing layers of vitrification medium separated by air barriers, loaded with the embryos in as small a volume of equilibration medium as possible with additional vitrification medium added after the final air barrier. Sealant/identification rods are placed on the open end of the straws which are then vitrified by progressive immersion into liquid nitrogen. Embryos are recovered by removing the straw from the liquid nitrogen and immediately immersing it into a room temperature water bath for five to ten seconds, unsealing both ends of the straw, and emptying the contents into a dish of dilution medium for five minutes. Following dilution, rehydration occurs when the embryos are placed into a volume of rehydration/recovery medium for fifteen minutes. After the proper incubation time, the embryos can be implanted into recipient females.
The current recommended adult oral dosage of ranitidine for duodenal ulcer is 150 mg twice daily. An alternative dosage of 300 mg once daily after the evening meal or at bedtime can be used for patients in whom dosing convenience is important. The advantages of one treatment regimen compared to the other in a particular patient population have yet to be demonstrated (see Clinical Trials: Active Duodenal Ulcer: ). Smaller doses have been shown to be equally effective in inhibiting gastric acid secretion in US studies, and several foreign trials have been shown that 100 mg b.i.d. is as effective as the 150 mg dose.

Antacid should be given as needed for relief of pain (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY:Pharmacokinetics).
Patients meeting criteria for MCI will be initially randomized to one of the 3 conditions. Participants will complete cognitive training exercises on their home or clinic-provided computers for 60 minutes per day, 5 days per week. Compliance and performance will be monitored on a weekly basis and at completion of the study. Outcome measures will be collected one week before initiation of the intervention and within one week completion of the intervention. Neuropsychological functioning, including tests of processing speed, attention, and executive functioning, will serve as primary outcome measures. Patient reported outcomes, including measures of overall QOL and disease-specific QOL, and support-person reported outcomes (if applicable), including measures of overall QOL and caregiver burden, will be secondary outcome measures. This pilot study promises to evaluate computer-based cognitive training in a novel population and expand access to cognitive rehabilitation services, and is designed to improve cognitive functioning and QOL among a wide range of individuals with PD.