anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Pediatric anorexia nervosa (AN) affects 400,000 adolescents in the US with devastating consequences including growth delay, bone density loss, bradycardia, and the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric condition (11.5%), with half of all deaths due to suicide. Early intervention in adolescents is life-saving, making pediatric AN treatment an important public health concern. The goal of pediatric AN treatment is to restore the adolescent back to a healthy weight and reverse the dangerous effects of malnutrition. Family based treatment (FBT) is the gold standard of treatment for pediatric AN; however, 50% of patients do not respond. The consequences of treatment non-response are dire, underscoring the importance of improving treatment via augmentations to address non-response. One barrier to treatment response in pediatric AN is expressed emotion (EE), which is defined as a family's response to an ill patient that is characterized by hostility, critical comments, and emotional overinvolvement. Several studies have highlighted that families with high EE undergoing treatment for their adolescent with AN have poorer outcomes, including higher drop-out rates, lack of weight restoration, and less improvement in eating disorder symptoms. Conversely, parental warmth, a facet of EE, is associated with good outcomes in FBT. Recent parenting interventions focused on emotion coaching (EC) to address high EE have demonstrated success as adjuncts to evidence-based treatments in other pediatric populations (e.g., PTSD, ADHD) but have not been applied to pediatric AN. Given the detrimental effects that high EE has on the re-feeding process and the benefits of parental warmth, emotion coaching has the potential to reduce high EE, increase parental warmth, and improve weight restoration in adolescents with AN. The aim of this R34 pilot effectiveness trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of a FBT + EC parent group intervention in families with high EE. In Stage 1 (Feasibility Stage; Year 1), the investigators will conduct preliminary feasibility and acceptability testing of an EC parent group intervention in 6 patients with pediatric AN and their families who exhibit elevated EE. The data from the Feasibility Stage will be used to modify session content to improve treatment delivery and the uptake of EC skills. Once our manual is refined and finalized, the investigators will conduct a randomized controlled clinical trial (Stage 2) of 50 adolescents and their parents to compare FBT+EC parent group (n=25) versus FBT+support (n=25). The FBT+support condition is a general parent support group that is offered as part of standard care in the CCHMC Eating Disorders Program. FBT will be identical in both the treatment and control conditions, with the EC parent group sessions and parent support group sessions occurring separately from the FBT sessions. If the aims of the project are achieved, this study would have a large impact on pediatric AN with the potential to improve weight restoration outcomes by augmenting FBT for families high in EE.
PURPOSE:To obtain a composition for oral cavity having immediate effects on ordinary foul breath, excellent effects on removal of garlic smell and alcohol smell, etc., comprising crude drug powder such as mint or thyme and an inclusion compound, by adjusting the components to a specific pH. CONSTITUTION:Crude drug powder or water extract selected from mint, thyme, ginger, hydrangea and clove is blended with an inclusion compound (e.g. cyclodextrin and grade of food and drug raw material is used) and optionally dextranase of bacterial plaque decomposing enzyme and adjusted with a pH adjuster such as magnesium oxide or anhydrous calcium hydrogenphosphate to give the title composition. The amount of water extract of the crude drug added to the oral cavity composition is 0.001-20wt.% calculated as solid content based on the whole amounts of the composition and when the crude drug is in powder, the amount is 0.01-50wt.% based on the whole amounts of the composition. The amount of the inclusion compound added is 0.1-50wt.% calculated as solid content based on the whole amounts of the composition. The composition is used as troche, dentifrice, etc.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), a systemic small-vessel vasculitis, could involve multiple tissues and organs. Remission of GPA can be obtained in approximately 80% of the patients with a combination of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. However, relapses are frequent and remain a challenge. The optimal drug for maintenance treatment is not determined. Tofacitinib is a Jak inhibitor which has been proved to be effective in multiple inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. But the efficiency and safety of tofacitinib in treating GPA remains unclear yet. In the present randomized trial, the comparison of MTX (standard regimen) with Tofacitinib in terms of efficacy, i.e. in preventing relapses will be conducted.
Contractile patterns in rectum, puborectalis muscle and anal sphincter must be studied to understand defecation. Six subjects had contractile waveforms studied with Fecobionics. Symptom questionnaires, balloon expulsion test and anorectal manometry were done for reference. The Fecobionics bag was filled in rectum to urge-to-defecate volume and measurements were done for 4 h before the subjects attempted to evacuate the device. Pressures and bend angle (BA) variations were analyzed with Fast Fourier Transformation. Four normal subjects exhibited low frequency waves (< 0.06 Hz) for pressures and BA. The waves were uncoordinated between recordings, except for rear and bag pressures. Peak wave amplitudes occurred at 0.02-0.04 Hz. Pressures and the BA differed for peak 1 (p < 0.001) and peak 2 amplitudes (p < 0.005). The front pressure amplitude was bigger than the others (rear and BA, p < 0.05; bag, p < 0.005) for peak 1, and bigger than bag pressure (p < 0.005) and BA (p < 0.05) for peak 2. One subject was considered constipated with lower front pressure amplitudes compared to normal subjects and increased amplitudes for other parameters. The sixth subject was hyperreactive and differed from the other subjects. In conclusion, the rectum, anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle showed different contraction waves during prolonged measurements. The data call for larger studies to better understand normal defecation, feces-withholding patterns, and the implications on anorectal disorders.
Brucella abortus (B.abortus) is a zoonotic bacterial pathogen that causes chronic host infections. The eradication of brucellosis using antibiotic therapy is often incomplete or slow. In a mouse model, the predominance of alternatively activated macrophages (also known as M2) plays an essential role in sustaining chronic infection. The underlying functional mechanism by which M2 sustains chronic infection remains unclear. Here, we show that B. abortus can enter M2 via triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and promotes the upregulation of TREM2 expression of M2 in a type IV secretion system (T4SS)-dependent manner. Increased TREM2 enhances B. abortus growth within M2 by suppressing intracellular ROS production, preventing M2 pyroptosis via suppression of mitochondrial ROS (mROS), and promoting M2 proliferation by increasing β-catenin expression. In line with these results, downregulation of TREM2 expression suppressed B. abortus intracellular growth and M2 proliferation and induced M2 pyroptosis. In our mouse model, upregulation of TREM2 expression sustained the accumulation of M2 and B. abortus chronic infection, whereas downregulation of TREM2 expression restricted M2 proliferation and chronic infection. Collectively, our results suggest that targeting TREM2 may be a potential adjunct to antibiotic therapy for the prevention of chronic Brucella infection.
Methods and compositions for treating or preventing inflammatory disorders are provided. The compositions of the invention comprise recombinant bacteria genetically modified to reduce the display of lipoteichoic acid on the cell surface. The methods of the invention comprise administering to a subject a recombinant bacterium modified to reduce the display of lipoteichoic acid on the cell surface. Administration of the recombinant bacteria promotes a desired therapeutic response. The recombinant bacteria may be administered in a single dose or in a series of doses. The methods of the invention find use in the treatment or prevention of a variety of inflammatory conditions, including, for example, the treatment or prevention of inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, or crohn's disease.
All participants enrolled will receive pembrolizumab as standard of care (SOC) combined with axitinib. Axitinib will be self-administered orally twice daily at 5 mg. On days when both drugs are administered, axitinib will be administered first, followed by pembrolizumab. Treatment will continue until disease progression or unacceptable grade 3/4 toxicities. For patients with a complete response to therapy, maintenance therapy with both drugs will be continued for 12 months.
BACKGROUND: Giant falcine meningiomas are surgically complex as they are deep in location, concealed by normal brain parenchyma, in close proximity to various neurovascular structures, and frequently involve the falx bilaterally. Although classically accessed using a bifrontal craniotomy and interhemispheric approach, little data exist on alternative operative corridors for these challenging tumors. We evaluated perioperative and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing transcortical resection of giant bilateral falcine meningiomas.
METHODS: From 2013 to 2022, fourteen patients with giant bilateral falcine meningiomas treated via a transcortical approach at our institution were identified. Perioperative and long-term outcomes were evaluated to determine predictors of adverse events. Corticectomy depth was also analyzed to determine if it correlated with increased postoperative seizure rates.
RESULTS: 57.1% of cases were WHO grade 2 meningiomas. Average tumor volume was 77.8 ± 46.5 cm3 and near/gross total resection was achieved in 78.6% of patients. No patient developed a venous infarct or had seizures in the 6 months after surgery. Average corticectomy depth was 0.83 ± 0.71 cm and increasing corticectomy depth did not correlate with higher risk of postoperative seizures (P = 0.44). Increasing extent of tumor resection correlated with lower tumor grade (P = 0.011) and only 1 patient required repeat resection during a median follow-period of 24.9 months.
CONCLUSIONS: The transcortical approach is a safe alternative corridor for accessing giant, falcine meningiomas, and postoperative seizures were not found to correlate with increasing corticectomy depth. Further prospective studies are necessary to determine the best approach to these surgically complex lesions.
Investigators will determine the clinical efficacy of CoQ10 in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over study. Primary outcome will include determination of muscle function based on a 3 minute step test which showed good sensitivity in the investigators' pilot study. Secondary outcomes will determine effects on muscle power (maximal vertical jump), strength (hand grip), endurance (6 Minute Walk Test), fatigue (PedsQL quality of life scale), physical activity level (3DPAR), attention (ADHDT), cognition (MOCA), and physical function (CHAQ). The investigators' subaim is to elucidate the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which clinical improvements are mediated through interrogation of underlying mitochondrial dysfunction to optimize therapies. This will include determination of total aerobic capacity (maximal graded cycle ergometry), muscle metabolic function (31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of muscle to evaluate high energy phosphagen, anaerobic and aerobic exercise metabolism), mitochondrial function (serum lactate, carnitine, acylcarnitines, lactate/pyruvate ratio), and blood and urine oxidative stress markers of lipid, protein and DNA peroxidation. Investigators hypothesize that CoQ10 will lead to a clinically significant improvement in motor function, power, fatigue, habitual activity, attention span \& thereby quality of life in PWS.
1. Cortical evoked potentials:A probe with 2 ring electrodes is placed in anus and rectum. A small amount of electrical current is passed. The cortical evoked responses to the anal and rectal electrical stimulation is measured from the scalp using a neurophysiology recorder.
2. Motor evoked potentials: A magnetic coil is placed on the scalp at the anorectal cortical site and discharged using magnetic energy. The anal and rectal motor evoked potentials are then measured using a probe with 2 ring electrodes.
Obesity is a major public health issue due to its association with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular risks. The BBSome, a complex of eight conserved Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) proteins, has emerged as a key regulator of energy and glucose homeostasis as well as cardiovascular function. However, the importance of adipocyte BBSome in controlling these physiological processes is not clear. Here, we show that adipocyte-specific constitutive disruption of the BBSome through selective deletion of the Bbs1 gene adiponectin (AdipoCre/Bbs1fl/fl mice) does not affect body weight under normal chow or high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD). However, constitutive BBSome deficiency caused impairment in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Similar phenotypes were observed after inducible adipocyte-specific disruption of the BBSome (AdipoCreERT2/Bbs1fl/fl mice). Interestingly, a significant increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity, measured using multifiber recording in the conscious state, was observed in AdipoCre/Bbs1fl/fl mice on both chow and HFHSD. A significant increase in tail-cuff arterial pressure was also observed in chow-fed AdipoCre/Bbs1fl/fl mice, but this was not reproduced when arterial pressure was measured by radiotelemetry. Moreover, AdipoCre/Bbs1fl/fl mice had no significant alterations in vascular reactivity. On the other hand, AdipoCre/Bbs1fl/fl mice displayed impaired baroreceptor reflex sensitivity when fed HFHSD, but not on normal chow. Taken together, these data highlight the relevance of the adipocyte BBSome for the regulation of glucose homeostasis and sympathetic traffic. The BBSome also contributes to baroreflex sensitivity under HFHSD, but not normal chow.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The current study show how genetic manipulation of fat cells impacts various functions of the body including sensitivity to the hormone insulin.
The day-time treatment sequence consists of two Treatment periods (Period 1 and Period 2) with each period consisting of a single dose of IMP. The two Treatment periods are separated by a least 6-8-day wash-out phase between IMP administration in Period 1 and 2.
Study Aim: This pilot study aims to investigate platelet function after switching from clopidogrel to ticagrelor in patients with critical limb ischemia.

Fifty patients with diagnosis of CLI (Rutherford class IV-VI) treated with clopidogrel 75 mg and aspirin 81 mg daily will be tested for inhibition of platelet aggregation using the VerifyNow P2Y12 and VASP assays before and 6±1 hours after their daily clopidogrel dose. All patients will then be switched from clopidogrel to ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily for two weeks and the VerifyNow and Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP) platelet reactivity assays repeated, samples will be collected before and 6±1 hours after the last ticagrelor dose. For exploratory analysis, patients will be divided in two groups based on the P2Y12 reaction units (PRU): Group 1. High on treatment platelet reactivity on clopidogrel (HPR), defined as P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) ≥208 and Group 2. Appropriate platelet inhibition on clopidogrel (API), defined as P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) \<208. If subjects are withdrawn from the study prior to completion due to the high co-morbidity rate of this population, additional subjects will be enrolled to reach a total of 50 completed subjects for data analysis.
A method for a mobile therapy provider to provide mobile therapy to a patient is disclosed. The mobile therapy provider receives an authorized prescription to provide therapy services, such as water therapy services, to the patient. The mobile therapy provider also verifies that medical insurance is available to the patient to cover the cost of the therapy. An appointment is scheduled with the patient to provide the mobile therapy services at an agreed upon location. A mobile therapy vehicle having therapy equipment is dispatched to the location agreed upon with the patient. An attending therapist provides the patient with the required type and scope of therapy in the mobile therapy vehicle. The results of therapy session are sent by the mobile provider to the insurance provider for payment and to the licensed health care professional.
Due to its localization in the cerebello-pontine angle, the vestibulo-cochlear nerve is at risk to damage during surgery performed nearby, e.g. when removing an epidermoid cyst, treating a neuro-vascular conflict of the trigeminal nerve or resecting a petroclival meningeoma. Intense vertigo and dizziness accompanied by spontaneous nystagmus following Alexander's law, nausea and gait imbalance may be noted in these patients along with cochlear hypofunction (hearing loss). In most cases, peripheral-cochleovestibular hypofunction recovers over the following weeks as the mechanism of damage is rather demyelination than axonal damage. The rate, intensity and extent of recovery of such perioperative peripheral-vestibular damage is not known. Besides peripheral-vestibular hypofunction, transient cerebellar hypofunction may arise, presenting with similar complaints (vertigo, nausea, gait imbalance), however, distinct subtle ocular motor findings.

The aim of this study is to characterize the frequency and pattern of iatrogenic peripheral-vestibular and cochlear hypofunction and to follow-up on the speed and extent of recovery. The investigators hypothesize that peripheral-vestibular and cochlear damage may be observed in a significant fraction of neurosurgical treatments in the posterior fossa including the cerebello-pontine angle. While initially deficits may be major, recovery is expected to be substantial or even complete due to peripheral restoration. As an important differential diagnosis, the investigators will evaluate also for potential (transient) cerebellar loss of function.

In order to quantify peripheral-vestibular function the investigators will use a CE-certified videooculography device to record responses to the head-impulse test before and in the days following elective skull base surgery. the video-head impulse test (vHIT) allows a quantitative video-based assessment of the functional integrity of all semicircular canals (MacDougall et al. 2013). By use of a high-speed video-camera mounted on goggles this test quantifies the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), which is the fastest human reflex and allows the recognition and visual fixation of objects while head turns or ambulation. This test is used on a routine basis in our clinic and includes brief and fast, but small amplitude head turns (10-15° excursion) in the planes of the different semi-circular canals (SCCs). The SCCs are tested in three pairs in the horizontal, RALP (right anterior, left posterior) and LARP (left anterior, right posterior) plane (Weber et al. 2008). During testing the participant is asked to fixate a visual target straight ahead. Duration of this test: about 15 minutes.
Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia. Incompatibility of admixed components can produce precipitates which may cause particulate emboli.

Hyperosmolar syndrome, resulting from excessively rapid administration of concentrated dextrose may cause hypovolemia, dehydration, mental confusion and/or loss of consciousness. Too rapid infusion of hypertonic solutions may cause local pain and venous irritation. Rate of administration should be adjusted according to tolerance. Use of the largest peripheral vein and a small bore needle is recommended. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.)

Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and chills.

If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures, and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
The invention discloses a method for preparing an N-(2)-L-alanyl-L-glutamine compound. The N-(2)-L-alanyl-L-glutamine compound is prepared by adopting a particle process crystal product molecule assembly and form optimization technique. The compound has the characteristics of high purity, high yield, low hygroscopicity and good stability. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a pharmaceutical composition prepared from the alanyl glutamine prepared by the method. The pharmaceutical composition is prepared through the steps of preparing the alanyl glutamine into a 10-30% aqueous solution, adsorbing the aqueous solution with medicinal activated charcoal according to the ratio (w/v) of 0.1-0.5%, then, carrying out big-dish freeze-drying, and carrying out aseptic packaging. The whole preparation process is simple in operation and does not need any excipient, and the product has better stability compared with the products in the past.
INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer, although the second most common malignancy in women in the United States, is rare in patients under the age of 40 y. However, this young patient population has high recurrence and mortality rates, with chemotherapy frequently used as adjuvant treatment. We aimed to determine whether age is an independent predictor of chemotherapy recommendation and subsequent treatment and the relationship to Oncotype Dx (ODX) recurrence score (RS).
METHODS: The National Cancer Database was retrospectively reviewed from 2010-2016 to identify women with early-stage (pT1-pT3, pN0-pN1mic, M0), hormone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative breast cancer who underwent ODX RS testing.
RESULTS: Of 95,382 patients who met the inclusion criteria, risk groups using the traditional ODX RS cutoffs were 59% low, 33% intermediate, and 8% high. Using Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment RS cutoffs, risk groups were 23% low, 62% intermediate, and 15% high. Chemotherapy recommendation decreased as age at diagnosis increased (P < 0.001). Increasing age was associated with decreased odds of chemotherapy recommendation in univariate models both continuously (odds ratio: 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.97-0.98; P < 0.001) and categorically by decade (P < 0.001). Age by decade remained an independent prognosticator of chemotherapy recommendation (P < 0.001), adjusted for risk groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy recommendation and treatment differs by age among patients with early-stage hormone receptor positive breast cancer who undergo ODX testing. While molecular profiling has been shown to accurately predict the benefit of chemotherapy, younger age at diagnosis is a risk factor for discordant use of ODX RS for treatment strategies in breast cancer; with patients aged 18-39 disproportionately affected.