anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Infectious diseases are among the most frequent causes of hospital admission and a substantial contributor to morbidity and mortality. These diseases pose a persistent concern, particularly within the pediatric population, where delays or inappropriate management can result in serious harm. Additionally, infectious diseases contribute to overcrowding in pediatric emergency departments (EDs). This study aimed to explore the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostics, outcome, and social and behavioral impacts of infectious diseases on child health. We conducted a retrospective, single-hospital study at a tertiary care center that is publicly funded and owned to serve the entire community. Pediatric patients with at least one or more chief complaints related to the respiratory system or infectious etiology were included. Data analysis was performed using SPSS to assess relationships between variables. A total of 15,106 patients were included, with a mean age of 3.80 years. The largest age group was toddlers (42.8%). Most cases (71.9%) were classified as urgent (Priority 3). Regarding patient outcomes, 76.1% were discharged after receiving appropriate treatment in the ED, and 22.9% required admission for further management. Nearly 38% of patients presented with a single complaint. Fever was the most frequent complaint across all groups. In summary, this study provides insights into the presentation of pediatric respiratory infectious diseases in the emergency room. The study revealed that toddlers were the most affected age group, with fever and cough being the common symptoms.
Adolescence is a crucial period for noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors, and interventions to reduce the NCD burden must target this age group. This study aimed to evaluate the NCD behavioural risk factors in adolescents attending state secondary schools in an urban setting in Cameroon. We conducted a cross-sectional survey using adapted structured questionnaires to assess the prevalence and correlates of NCD behavioural risk factors among adolescents attending selected urban state secondary schools in Douala IV, one of the six subdivisions in Douala, Cameroon. Of the 645 students who completed the study questionnaires, half of them did not have adequate knowledge about NCDs and their risk factors. Only 20% met recommended physical activity levels, nearly half lived sedentary lifestyles, and only 7% ate a healthy diet. Almost half of all participants reported drinking alcohol during the month, while 3% reported cigarette smoking. Participants with inadequate knowledge of NCDs were more likely to have elevated blood pressure values, and males had increased odds of high blood pressure. Contrarily, being male appeared to be protective against overweight and obesity. The odds of being sedentary decreased with age, and the odds of alcohol drinking seemed to grow with a higher maternal level of education. Our survey shows inadequate knowledge about NCDs and a high prevalence of NCD behavioural risk factors in adolescents in urban state secondary schools in Cameroon. These findings predict a higher NCD burden in future adults in the country, reinforcing the need for urgent public health interventions, especially regarding knowledge and sedentary living. Further research is needed to establish the transition of adolescent risk factors to adult disease through life course approaches in these settings.
Adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is recommended for routine use in patients with stages IIA, IIB, and IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after complete resection. Cisplatin and vinorelbine combination is the standard of care in adjuvant setting. The BR. 19 trial reported adjuvant gefitinib after complete resection of early stage NSCLC(stage IB 49%, II 38%, III 13%) did not confer disease free survival(DFS) or overall survival(OS) advantage in overall population. While the median gefitinib treatment time is only 4.8 months. There are only 76 patients with EGFR mutations included in this analysis. The study closed prematurely in 2005.

Activating somatic mutations of the tyrosine kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been characterized in a subset of patients with advanced NSCLC.The EGFR mutation rate was 30% in Chinese NSCLC. Patients harboring these mutations in their tumors show excellent response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). This randomized phase III trial is studying gefitinib to see how well it works compared to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in treating patients who have undergone surgery for stage II-IIIA(N1-N2) NSCLC with EGFR activating mutation in Asian population.
PURPOSE:To provide a plaster having an improved adhesion between a tacky adhesive layer and a drug layer of an adhesive sheet. CONSTITUTION:A tacky adhesive layer 2 is coated on the supporting member 1. A drug supporting member 4 consisting of meshy cloth is stuck on the tacky adhesive layer 2 leaving its periphery not-covered and those are integrally formed. A drug layer 5 is coated on the drug supporting member 4. The objective plaster is obtained by integrally forming the drug layer 5, the tacky adhesive layer 2 whose periphery is not covered by the drug layer 5 and a release paper which covers the drug layer 5 and the periphery of the tacky adhesive layer. As the meshy cloth of the drug supporting member 4, nonwoven fabric is preferable, especially a combination of 90% of a rayon fiber having high stickiness with 10% of polyester fiber having high strength. Nonwoven fabric having 10-100g/mm in weight and 0.05-1.0mm in thickness is applicable. Either of the tacky adhesive layer 2 or drug layer 5 gets into mesh holes 7 of the drug supporting member 4 and comes out to the other side of the mesh. The adhesive agent or drug works as hook and is engaged with the mesh holes 7. This enhances adhesion between the tacky adhesive sheet and the drug layer.
SEPAGES is a new type of longitudinal couple-child cohort with repeated clinical examinations during pregnancy and childhood, extensive collection of repeated biological samples from both parents and the child, use of new technologies to assess exposure to air pollution (GPS, personal dosimeter etc.) Throughout the study (during pregnancy and the first years of the child's life), clinical examination and many biological tests (urine, blood, hair) are performed. Exposure to different environmental factors are made several times during pregnancy and the first years of the child's life thanks to personal dosimeters, GPS and accelerometers. During labor and childbirth a number of samples are taken (placenta, tissues, blood, urines, hair, meconium and breast milk). Finally, during the study a number of evaluation questionnaires are given to volunteers via a computer platform in order to have a better understanding of the environment in which they are living.

The SEPAGES cohort follows the rule of the biomedical research. Informed consents are signed by both the father and the mother during the inclusion visit which takes place in the hospital. All ethical and data privacy agreements had been obtained : a favorable opinion was issued by the Comité de Protection des Personnes (CPP) on November 13th, 201 and by the CCTIRS (Comité Consultatif sur le Traitement de l'Information en matière de Recherche dans le domaine de la Santé) on January 09th, 2014. The study was authorised by the Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament(ANSM), on Decmber 17th, 2013 and by the Comité Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) on June 26th, 2014.
Colorectal cancer patients enrolled in the 'Internet Plus' post-treatment management platform use the digital medical quality management system based on the 'COLORECTUM+' model for quality evaluation and continuous improvement. The platform integrates AI, using natural language processing and machine learning to analyze patient-reported symptoms, automatically assess severity, and generate alerts. Alerts are classified as yellow, orange, or red. Yellow indicates mild issues with self-care recommendations; consecutive yellow alerts prompt doctor contact within 24 hours. Orange indicates moderate severity, requiring doctor intervention within 24 hours. Red alerts signify serious symptoms or high-risk medication errors, prompting immediate notification of the doctor and emergency team. The system monitors symptom changes and updates alerts to support treatment optimization.
Data Collection: This study retrospectively collected clinical and ultrasound examination data from patients who underwent breast lesion surgery at our hospital from January 2020 to June 2023. Inclusion criteria included patients with complete clinical information and available ultrasound image data. Parameters extracted from this data included age, 2D ultrasound images, Doppler ultrasound images, and ultrasound diagnostic reports. Feature extraction from ultrasound images included 2D lesion information (maximum diameter, orientation, echogenicity, morphology, margins, calcification type, ductal changes), Doppler information (blood flow pattern, resistance index), and BI-RADS classification based on suspicious ultrasound findings by physicians.

Model Development: Firstly, we conducted multicollinearity analysis using Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) to select variables with VIF less than 5, aiming to reduce the impact of collinearity. We used post-operative pathological results of breast lesions as the gold standard for model development. In the R programming language, we utilized the caret package to randomly split the final samples into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio based on the outcome variable (benign or malignant breast lesions) while setting a random seed (set.seed) for result reproducibility. Subsequently, we performed univariate logistic regression analysis on binary variables in the training set, retaining variables with P \< 0.05, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of breast lesion malignancy.

Model Validation: To validate the model's performance, we constructed a nomogram based on the weight allocation of each independent predictor. Then, we comprehensively validated the model in the validation set, including calculating sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and concordance. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to determine the optimal threshold for quantitatively predicting the probability of breast cancer occurrence in patients. Additionally, we performed Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) to assess the net clinical benefit of the model at different patient decision thresholds. DCA helps determine the practical utility of the model in clinical decision-making and identifies the optimal threshold for predicting the probability of disease occurrence, aiding physicians in making better decisions. These validation metrics were used to evaluate the model's performance, accuracy, and potential application in real clinical practice.
For patients assigned to undergo AF ablation with standard radiofrequency ablation group, point-by-point circumferential pulmonary vein ablation will be performed using the ST catheter under standard radiofrequency ablation settings (Radiofrequency energy is set up at a power of 30 to 35 W, temperature of 43 °C, contact force of 5-20 gram, and flow rate of 17 to 30 mL/min. Target ablation index is set to 500 at the anterior wall and 350 at the posterior wall of left atrium).
Following 10 minutes of supine rest, participants will switch to an upright sitting position and remain seated for 10 minutes. Following the 10 minutes quiet rest the participants will be subjected to a 5 minute mental arithmetic test. Following a 2-5 day wash-out period, participants will be exposed to the other condition (prolonged sitting, followed by mental stress). For this condition participants will rest in the supine position for 10 minutes, then will be switched to an upright seated position. Participants will sit quietly for 120 min while watching a documentary, following which the participants will be subjected to a 5 minute mental arithmetic test.
Disclosed herein are polypeptides or their derivatives and their application. The polypeptides and their derivatives can treat or prevent cancer. The polypeptides of the invention have significant lethality to the cancer cells when used alone. When its clinical commonly used chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin in combination, it can significantly increase the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic agents on cancer cells, to enhance its lethality of cancer cells, to reduce the dosage. The peptides can kill a variety of cancer cells, but without apparent toxicity enhancing effect on normal cells. The prepared peptides of the present invention can be chemically synthesized, high-purity, low molecular weight, specificity, non-immunogenic, safe and reliable.
IPF is a chronic disease with progressive scarring of the lung tissue (fibrosis), resulting in a poor prognosis and a devastating impact on the lives of patients and their families. Progressive shortness of breath, cough and fatigue are major factors influencing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with IPF. Recently two anti-fibrotic drugs became available that slow down disease progression. The availability of effective drugs for this devastating disease has importantly changed daily care and research in IPF. Currently, one of the major challenges in daily IPF care is the evaluation of how individual patients objectively and subjectively experience treatment and benefit from treatment. The use of information communication technology in health care, also named e-health, is a promising solution to improve the quality of care. E-health allows remote exchange of data between patients and health care professionals which enables monitoring, research and management of long term conditions. Also communication between patients and physicians, and physicians mutually, becomes more accessible. This creates an opportunity for earlier intervention by health care professionals, which may prevent a hospital admission. This might improve quality of life and reduce costs. Patients easily get access to up-to-date and tailored information, in an interactive way. By providing these tools, patients may better understand their health conditions and become actively involved in management of their own health care, which may lead to a better health status. An 'internet tool' for patients with IPF have been developed, providing information and enabling them to keep track of their own symptoms, HRQOL scores, medication use and lung function results.

In this study it will be investigated whether a home monitoring program improves disease-specific HRQOL for IPF patients through appropriate medication use and subsequently results in better objective and subjective outcomes.
Antifungals based on dolastatin 10 and four structural modifications thereof (herein "peptides") and methods of treating a host afflicted with a fungi-induced infection are herein described. In broth macrodilution assays, these peptides were fungicidal for ATCC strains and clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. Speficitity for C. neoformans was also demonstrated in the solid-phase disk diffusion assay, and fungicidal activity confirmed in killing kinetics experiments. Broth macrodilution minimum inhibitory and minimum fungicidal concentrations for the most potent modification ranged from 0.0975-1.56  mu g/ml, and 0.0975-6.24  mu g/ml, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were nearly identical in the presence of human serum, but increased with lowered pH. Suitable dosage forms for use of the novel antifungals are also described.
Unintended pregnancy rates in the United States are among the highest of developed nations. These high rates can largely be attributed to incorrect or under contraception of women. One focus of decreasing unintended pregnancy and abortion rates has centered on expanding access to and use of long acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods which include intrauterine devices (IUDs) and subdermal implants. Emergency contraception, or post-coital contraception, offers significant reductions in the chance of pregnancy following an act of unprotected or under-protected vaginal intercourse. The most common methods of emergency contraception used in the United States are the oral levonorgestrel regimen and oral ulipristal acetate (Ella) regimen which reduce pregnancy risk by up to 89%. More effective, but rarely used, is the Cu T-380 intrauterine device (Copper IUD). The IUD has the added benefit of providing extended contraceptive use beyond the single episode of unprotected intercourse. The Cu-T380 has been associated with heavier and more crampy menses however, likely dissuading women from use. Among all IUD users, the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) has gained popularity over the Cu-T380, perhaps because it offers the potential to improve menstrual related symptoms. There is no data however on the efficacy of the LNG-IUS as a form of emergency contraception. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the LNG-IUS as a method of emergency contraception. Participants will be randomized to receive either the most common method, oral emergency contraception, or the LNG-IUS. Participants will then be evaluated 5-6 weeks following method allocation for pregnancy. Lastly, participants will be asked to complete a telephone surveys at 6 and 12 months following method allocation assessing their use of a consistent contraceptive method, their satisfaction with their contraceptive method, any use of emergency contraception since their enrollment in the study, and lastly any unintended pregnancies experienced since enrollment in the study. If we could show that the LNG-IUS is as effective as the most commonly prescribed method of emergency contraception, we would be introducing another opportunity for LARC initiation and subsequently impacting unintended pregnancy and abortion rates.
Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent serious chronic illness that affects 6.5 million American. Among HF patients, prevalence of attention impairment is reported as 15-27%. Attention is fundamental to human activities including HF self-care. However, cognitive interventions focusing on attention are scarce in HF. The investigators developed a new cognitive intervention with immersive virtual reality technology and created a prototype of the virtual reality-based natural restorative environment intervention (Nature-VR). The prototype was feasible and showed larger effects in improving attention among 10 HF patients.

In this 2-group randomized controlled pilot study, specific aims are to: 1) examine preliminary efficacy of Nature-VR compared with Urban-VR on improving attention; 2) examine preliminary efficacy of Nature-VR compared with Urban-VR on HF self-care and health-related quality of life; and 3) explore possible biomarkers of attention in HF. This study is important and novel because this is the first intervention study targeting attention using virtual reality technology and investigating possible biomarkers associated with attention in HF patients.
Sarcopenia is a major contributor to frailty and increases the risk of falls, physical dependence, disability and mortality in older adults. It advances slowly with healthy aging. However, diseases or other insults and injuries can accelerate sarcopenia and lead to catastrophic declines in mobility and independence. For example, chronic diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are associated with accelerated loss of muscle mass and function in seniors; hospitalization with bed rest inactivity acutely accelerates sarcopenia. What it is not know is how concurrent diseases, inactivity or other insults and injuries accelerate sarcopenia in older adults. This knowledge gap hinders the development of innovative, targeted treatments for this disabling condition. The objective of this research is to examine the basic mechanisms that underlie accelerated sarcopenia in older adults and identify potential targets for interventions. The central hypothesis is that a global and fundamental mechanism of acute or chronic acceleration of sarcopenia is a reduction in skeletal muscle amino acid transport, which decreases muscle protein anabolism, and can be reversed by activation of the mammalian/mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling with a non-amino acid stimulus, such as exercise. Amino acid transport is an active process that controls intracellular amino acid availability and the activation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. It is regulated by amino acid concentrations and non-amino acid stimuli that activate mTORC1 signaling, such as resistance exercise and insulin.The central hypothesis will be tested with the following specific aims: 1) Determine the effect of T2DM on the sensitivity of skeletal muscle amino acid transport to dietary amino acids. 2) Determine the effect of short-term bed rest inactivity on the sensitivity of skeletal muscle amino acid transport to dietary amino acids. 3) Determine the effect of resistance exercise on the sensitivity of amino acid transport to dietary amino acids in acute and chronic accelerated sarcopenia induced by inactivity or T2DM. Amino acid transport and protein metabolism in muscle will be measured using integrative molecular, imaging and stable isotope methodologies, identifying specific upstream regulators involved in the anabolic resistance of accelerated sarcopenia that can be targeted with novel treatments to reduce sarcopenia and improve independence in older adults.
Most studies and guidelines regarding insulin dose adjustments have focused on basal insulin modification rather than boluses or timing of meals. There hasn't been so far any study that examines a specific dose reduction or timing that is best to avoid early day (post Suhoor) hypo or hyperglycemia, and the advised dose reductions are based on expert opinion with small observational studies that used certain dose changes.

The timing of sleep and meals are different during Ramadan and therefore have a direct impact on blood glucose levels, we demonstrated in a previous prospective cohort of 156 T1DM patients contrary to other studies, the post suhoor and early day period had the highest incidence time for hypoglycemia in the Saudi population. It is therefore necessary to understand how adjustments to the timing of the meals and their doses can achieve better glycemic control during fastin Ramadan. Current guidelines recomend that the Suhoor meal is delayed as much as possible in order to reduce the fasting duration to be taken with a claculated insulin dose. However, the concern is that this would not allow patients to correct the hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic events related to miscalculation of Suhoor insulin dose if they occur as the fasting time begins and they must break their fast to correct their blood glucose levels. Many people with T1DM do not count meal carbohydrates correctly, therefore, there is a need for an approach that allows patients to correct their blood glucose levels after having a large meal that requires insulin administration without having to break their fast, as well as the ability to have a snack or a late Suhoor without the need for insulin administration to minimize the fasting period and insure that the blood glucose is in range before starting to fast. The approach that we are proposing will allow patients to do that by having the Suhoor meal with its bolus at least two hours before fasting begins, and having a low carbohydrate snack - late suhoor- just before starting to fast without the need for insulin administration (regimen 1). It is going to be compared with having the Suhoor with its insulin bolus just before the start of fasting (regimen 2).