anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
An alternative to polysomnography (PSG), which is done overnight in a lab, is home sleep apnea testing (HSAT). Also known as out-of-center testing, HSAT has emerged as a more convenient and increasingly widely used method to screen for sleep apnea. HSAT records fewer signals for assessment, is less cumbersome than traditional PSG, and allows patients to spend the night at home, eliminating the need for technical staff to be present during testing. HSAT is considerably less expensive than PSG to perform. Despite its advantages, there are concerns about false-negatives and underestimation of disease severity with HSAT. There is clearly a need to improve the accuracy of less costly screening tools for OSA. Zansors® wireless microsensor is a novel device to screen for sleep apnea, which measures breathing patterns and movement, and which will collect data and communicate with a smartphone via Bluetooth. In this study, investigators are comparing the Zansors microsensor to HSAT and PSG to assess its accuracy. Patients will be asked to wear the device during the clinical HSAT ordered by their doctor, and again at an in-laboratory sleep study. When patients are being trained to use the HSAT equipment, research staff will also show them how to put the Zansors® device on. They will then wear it at home on the night of their HSAT. At a later date, when they come for the in-laboratory sleep study, the device will again be worn overnight while they are being assessed by the full PSG equipment. Together in this study, all these device recordings will help to detect any sleep apnea and researchers will compare the results of the Zansors ® microsensor with HSAT and PSG equipment. If the Zansors ® device is confirmed to detect sleep hypopneas and apneas accurately, it can be used easily and inexpensively by people at home to screen for obstructive sleep apnea.
Lorazepam is in a class of drugs called benzodiazepines that is used to treat seizures. Lorazepam has been widely used to treat children who have repeated or long seizures, a condition known as status epilepticus (SE). However, lorazepam is not currently approved by the FDA for use in children under 18 years of age. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to gather the data needed for FDA approval. Specifically, we will 1) determine the best dose, and 2) evaluate its effectiveness and safety in stopping seizures. Part 1 is a pharmacokinetic study. These are studies designed to identify and describe one or more of the following basic pharmacological concepts in humans: absorption (i.e. how much gets into the body); distribution (i.e. where it goes in the body); and metabolism and elimination (i.e. how the body gets rid of the medication and how long it takes). The study procedures involve taking blood samples from children, taking their vital signs, and conducting physical examinations. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants as required by federal guidelines. Patients will be divided into two groups. The first group will be patients who present to one of the 10 participating Emergency Rooms (ERs) in status epilepticus (repeated or continuous seizures). We will either ask for consent in the ER, or if we know they have a seizure disorder and have frequent visits to the ER, consent them beforehand for future visits to the ER. The second group will include patients who have a known seizure disorder and agree to be electively admitted to the hospital for a dose of lorazepam when they are not having seizures. We will draw blood samples from patients for up to 48 hours and then follow up via telephone for 30 days from the day the medication was given to assess for side effects.
Recent studies suggest that UC is associated with alterations of the microbiota. Further support for targeting the microbiota includes several studies demonstrating that antibiotics might be helpful for severe refractory colitis. Antibiotics may work by reducing pathobionts, by causing niche expansion of beneficial bacteria , and may harm if they do not reduce pathobionts or reduce beneficial commensals Recently, a triple antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin, metronidazole and tetracycline was developed for UC. However, a recent study on the effect of 11 different oral antibiotics on gut bacteria found that seven of them including metronidazole might cause lbacterial translocation . Anaerobes are critical for butyrate production. .

Based on these recent studies, it would appear that tetracycline and amoxicillin are more likely to cause the beneficial effect, while metronidazole might actually be detrimental. Thus by removing metronidazole the investigators might actually have a better effect both for efficacy and safety.
BACKGROUND: Patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) may also have cervical radiculopathy (CR) or vice versa, potentially requiring carpal tunnel release (CTR) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). This study evaluates whether there is an increased risk of complications following CTR or ACDF in patients with concurrent CTS and CR (CTS-CR) compared with those with only CTS or CR.
METHODS: A multipayer database was used to identify patients with CTS-CR. From this cohort, patients who underwent CTR and/or ACDF were identified. Patients with CTS-CR undergoing surgery were compared with those undergoing surgery with only CTS or CR. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare matched populations to assess postoperative complications and risk of undergoing both procedures.
RESULTS: A total of 110 379 patients with CTS-CR were identified. Carpal tunnel release was performed in 21 152 patients (19.2%) with CTS-CR, from which 835 (0.76%) underwent ACDF. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion was performed in 6960 patients (6.31%) with CTS-CR followed by CTR in 1098 patients (0.99%). Patients with CTS-CR were at greater risk of reoperation and complex regional pain syndrome following CTR. In ACDF, patients with CTS-CR were at greater risk of reoperation. Obesity and tobacco use were significant risk factors in patients with CTS-CR who underwent both CTR and ACDF rather than a single surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Examination of more than 100 000 patients with CTS-CR found a greater likelihood of reoperation and perioperative complications following surgery than those without concurrent diagnoses. Obesity and smoking increased the risk for patients undergoing both procedures. Patients presenting with CTS-CR are high risk and should be counseled on risk of complication and reoperation and optimized to reduce risk of undergoing both CTR and ACDF.
PURPOSE: Transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted surgery (TULS) mixed benefits of laparoscopic and open surgeries. Transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy (TULAA) is a well-known procedure, accepted and currently used by pediatric surgeons for treatment of uncomplicated appendicitis (UA). There is no current agreement in its use for the complicated appendiceal infections (CA). We reported our results using TULAA for both UA and CA.
METHODS: We retrospectively collected TULAA performed between April 2017 and April 2022. Appendicitis were classified in UA and CA. We analyzed conversion rate, operative time, length of stay, surgical site infections (SSIs) rate, postoperative intra-abdominal abscess and costs.
RESULTS: Over 5 years, 316 children underwent TULAA. Conversion rate was 3%. Mean age at surgery was 9.36 years (IQR 2-16). Forty-nine appendicitis were CA. Operative time and hospital stay was higher in CA than in UA group (38.33 vs. 60.73 min, p < 0.00001; 4 vs. 7 days, p < 0.00001). SSIs rate showed no statistically significant difference between two groups. Incidence of postoperative intra-abdominal collections was 11% in CA and 1% in UA. TULAA's cost was 192.07 €.
CONCLUSION: In our series, TULAA seems to be safe, feasible and cost-effective for both uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis, with no disadvantage in terms of outcomes compared to what is reported in literature for CLS.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to enhance the accessibility and quality of mobility-assistive technology by investigating and bridging knowledge gaps between mobility-assistive technology providers and consumers with ambulatory limitations.
DESIGN: A survey was conducted among mobility-assistive technology providers in the United States, consisting of sections on awareness, knowledge importance and desire, and knowledge sources. The responses were compared to data collected from consumers in a previous study.
RESULTS: A total of 144 mobility-assistive technology providers participated, with 60% having received academic or professional training in relevant fields. Analysis revealed significant knowledge gaps between providers and consumers, particularly in assistive technology assessment tools and knowledge sources. Moderate gaps were also observed in areas such as clinical practice guidelines, desired mobility-assistive technology information, and knowledge sources. However, the gaps in other areas were relatively small.
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the knowledge gaps between mobility-assistive technology providers and consumers, hindering the optimal utilization and fulfillment of user needs. Providers possess valuable information that consumers may lack, positioning them as primary knowledge sources. Addressing these gaps through targeted interventions, improved communication channels, and enhanced education can enhance the utilization of mobility-assistive technology and improve outcomes for individuals with ambulatory limitations.
PURPOSE: To obtain the short chain saponin expected to have a new pharmacological effect different from those of conventional saponins by a specific tissue- culture method from a medicinal ginseng plant body. CONSTITUTION: A callus induced from a medicinal ginseng plant body is held in a dedifferentiation state for a constant period or longer, cultured in a dedifferentiation state, and subjected to the removal of dedifferentiated cell lumps to obtain the saponin exhibiting a high multiplication property, establishing the homogenous culture cell systems of dediffentiated cell lumps, and producing the dedifferentiated culture cells. Namely, the tissue of the medicinal ginseng plant body is subcultured in a culture medium for inducing the callus, and the obtained calluses are again subcultured in a culture medium for inducing the dedifferentiation. The dedifferentiated cell lumps are removed, and the obtained undedifferentiated cell lumps are cultured and subsequently subjected to the extraction of ingredients to obtain the saponins.  The medicinal ginseng plant body is suitably Panax japonicus. Saponins of formulas I (R1 is H, 1-hexose), II (R2 is the same as R1 ), and III are obtained. The saponins can stably be supplied by the method.
The present disclosure discloses a degradable microbead and a preparation method and application thereof, in which the degradable microbead is a degradable plastic outer layer coated with inorganic nanoparticles. An average particle size D50 of the degradable microbead is 1 μm to 3000 μm. A content of the inorganic nanoparticles is 5wt% to 15wt%. A sphericity of the degradable microbead is greater than 0.86. A particle distribution span is 0.6 to 2.5, in which the particle distribution is narrow and the particle fluidity is good. A waste-reducing and non-toxic manufacturing method of a biodegradable microbead is also provided.
ONIVYDE can cause severe and life-threatening diarrhea. Do not administer ONIVYDE to patients with a bowel obstruction. Severe or life-threatening diarrhea can follow one of two patterns: late onset diarrhea (onset more than 24 hours following chemotherapy) and early onset diarrhea (onset within 24 hours of chemotherapy, sometimes occurring with other symptoms of cholinergic reaction) [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. An individual patient may experience both early and late-onset diarrhea.

In NAPOLI 3, Grade 3 and 4 diarrhea (early and late-onset) occurred in 20% receiving ONIVYDE in combination with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (NALIRIFOX). In NAPOLI-1, Grade 3 or 4 diarrhea occurred in 13% receiving ONIVYDE/FU/LV. The incidence of Grade 3 or 4 late onset diarrhea was 9% in patients receiving ONIVYDE/FU/LV. The incidence of Grade 3 or 4 early onset diarrhea was 3% in patients receiving ONIVYDE/FU/LV. Of patients receiving ONIVYDE/FU/LV in NAPOLI-1, 34% received loperamide for late-onset diarrhea and 26% received atropine for early-onset diarrhea.

To reduce the risk of severe diarrhea, patients should stop lactose-containing products, eat a low-fat diet and maintain hydration during treatment with ONIVYDE. Withhold ONIVYDE for Grade 2-4 diarrhea. Administer intravenous or subcutaneous atropine 0.25 to 1 mg (unless clinically contraindicated) for early onset diarrhea of any severity. Initiate loperamide for late onset diarrhea of any severity. Local institutional guidelines should be followed for the treatment of diarrhea that does not improve within 48 hours and may include the addition of diphenoxylate hydrochloride plus atropine sulfate or octreotide. Following recovery to Grade 1 diarrhea, resume ONIVYDE at a reduced dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].
Risk Summary

Contraceptive hormones and/or metabolites are present in human milk. COCs can reduce milk production in breast-feeding females. This reduction can occur at any time but is less likely to occur once breast-feeding is well established. When possible, advise the nursing woman to use other methods of contraception until she discontinues breast-feeding [see also Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. The developmental and health benefits of breast-feeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for NEXTSTELLIS and any potential adverse effects on the breast-fed child from NEXTSTELLIS or from the underlying maternal condition.

After oral administration of DRSP 3 mg/EE 30 µg, about 0.02% of the DRSP dose was excreted into the breast milk of postpartum females within 24 hours. This results in a potential maximal daily dose of less than 1 µg DRSP in an infant.
PURPOSE: To investigate circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness, pupillary function and diameter after phacoemulsification and lens implantation alone or combined with endothelial keratoplasty (EK).
METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of data from a randomized, single-masked trial, that included 72 patients with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy and cataract, equally allocated (1:1) to ultrathin Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty or Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty. The cataract extraction (CE) group included 40 patients undergoing cataract surgery only. All patients were treated with phacoemulsification and lens implantation.
RESULTS: RNFL thickness was significantly lower in the CE group than after EK for the global (p < 0.01), nasal (p = 0.04), and temporal sectors (p = 0.01) 12 months after surgery. RNFL thickness was comparable between patients treated with rebubbling and others (p ≥ 0.16 for all comparisons) after 12 months. The CE group and patients treated with EK demonstrated a comparable scotopic (p = 0.34) and photopic pupil diameter (p = 0.95) as well as a comparable maximum (p = 0.83) and average pupillary constriction velocity (p = 0.95) after 12 months. In contrast, patients treated with rebubbling had a significantly smaller scotopic pupil diameter (p = 0.04).
CONCLUSION: In this study, no evidence was found indicating a negative impact on the RNFL thickness after EK when compared to CE 12 months after surgery. Iris function and pupil diameter were comparable between the CE group and patients treated with EK after 12 months.
The efficacy of venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release capsules as a treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder (also known as Social Phobia) was established in two double-blind, parallel group, 12-week, multicenter, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose studies in adult outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder. Patients received doses in a range of 75 to 225 mg/day. Efficacy was assessed with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). In these two trials, venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release capsules were significantly more effective than placebo on change from baseline to endpoint on the LSAS total score.   
Examination of subsets of the population studied did not reveal any differential responsiveness on the basis of gender. There was insufficient information to determine the effect of age or race on outcome in these studies.
BACKGROUND: Porcine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is one of the novel pathogens responsible for piglet diarrhea, contributing to substantial economic losses in the farming sector. The broad host range of SADS-CoV raises concerns regarding its potential for cross-species transmission. Currently, there are no effective means of preventing or treating SADS-CoV infection, underscoring the urgent need for identifying efficient antiviral drugs. This study focuses on evaluating quercetin as an antiviral agent against SADS-CoV.
RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that quercetin inhibited SADS-CoV proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, targeting the adsorption and replication stages of the viral life cycle. Furthermore, quercetin disrupts the regulation of the P53 gene by the virus and inhibits host cell cycle progression induced by SADS-CoV infection. In vivo experiments revealed that quercetin effectively alleviated the clinical symptoms and intestinal pathological damage caused by SADS-CoV-infected piglets, leading to reduced expression levels of inflammatory factors such as TLR3, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α.
CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, this study provides compelling evidence that quercetin has great potential and promising applications for anti- SADS-CoV action.
BACKGROUND: Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS) has a significant impact on the physical well-being and body image of the patient. Since DCS often responds poorly to conventional treatments, there is a need to identify alternative treatment strategies. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in treating DCS.
METHODS: Twelve male patients with DCS treated solely with ALA-PDT between June 2022 and June 2023 at our institution were enrolled in this study. Two patients underwent a biopsy before and after treatment for comparison. The efficacy of the treatments was assessed 10 days after treatment by evaluating the symptom scores recorded on medical records and by assessing the photographs acquired before and after treatment. In addition, the impact of the treatment on pain relief and median recurrence rate were also extracted.
RESULTS: Out of the 12 enrolled patients, the majority of the patients (75%) had a significant reduction in the nodules or abscesses. The pain relief was significant in 3 patients (25%), and moderate in 7 patients (58.3%). For the subcutaneous sinus tract symptoms, 3 patients (27.3%) showed moderate improvement, and 7 (63.6%) had a mild improvement. Six patients (75%) had mild improvement in their alopecia. The pathology results showed a decrease in the number of lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils within the skin lesions following the administration of ALA-PDT.
CONCLUSION: ALA-PDT can effectively reduce the DCS symptoms and the number of lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils within the skin lesions.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a skin lotion that has the effect of inhibiting the production of interleukin 4 and is useful for prevention and amelioration of allergic diseases, particularly atopic dermatitis by using a specific compound as an active ingredient. SOLUTION: The objective skin lotion includes a compound of formula I as an active ingredient. The compound of formula I is synthesized through known chemical processes, a commercially available product as it is, or extracts from a plant of Myrtaceae, for example, Eucalyptus gloulus or Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and the like. In one embodiment, the compounds of formulas II and III and the like can be cited as a compound of formula I. This skin lotion is used in ointment, toilet water, cream, milky lotion, pack, cosmetic foundation, in addition in bathing agent. Further, a base for external use and other pharmaceutical components can be formulated to this skin preparation.
ROXICODONE contains oxycodone, a Schedule II controlled substance. As an opioid, ROXICODONE exposes users to the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse [see Drug Abuse and Dependence (9)].

Although the risk of addiction in any individual is unknown, it can occur in patients appropriately prescribed ROXICODONE. Addiction can occur at recommended dosages and if the drug is misused or abused.

Assess each patient’s risk for opioid addiction, abuse, or misuse prior to prescribing ROXICODONE, and reassess all patients receiving ROXICODONE for the development of these behaviors and conditions. Risks are increased in patients with a personal or family history of substance abuse (including drug or alcohol abuse or addiction) or mental illness (e.g., major depression). The potential for these risks should not, however, prevent the proper management of pain in any given patient. Patients at increased risk may be prescribed opioids such as ROXICODONE, but use in such patients necessitates intensive counseling about the risks and proper use of ROXICODONE along with frequent reevaluation for signs of addiction, abuse, and misuse. Consider prescribing naloxone for the emergency treatment of opioid overdose [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

Opioids are sought for nonmedical use and are subject to diversion from legitimate prescribed use. Consider these risks when prescribing or dispensing ROXICODONE. Strategies to reduce these risks include prescribing the drug in the smallest appropriate quantity and advising the patient on careful storage of the drug during the course of treatment and on the proper disposal of unused drugs. Contact local state professional licensing board or state-controlled substances authority for information on how to prevent and detect abuse or diversion of this product.
The prior art has the problem that exacerbation risk is predicted on the basis of biological information from a period of rest, which includes a period of sleep, without consideration for biological information from a period of exertion, and therefore the exacerbation risk cannot be predicted sufficiently. An exacerbation risk prediction system (1) predicts the exacerbation risk of a patient (P) having a respiratory disease. The exacerbation risk prediction system (1) comprises an acquisition unit, a storage unit, and a prediction unit. The acquisition unit acquires first information that includes biological information and patient information. The biological information is from a period of exertion and period of rest of the patient (P). The patient information relates to the symptoms of the patient (P). The storage unit stores the first information. The prediction unit predicts the exacerbation risk on the basis of the first information.
Following nasopharyngeal anesthesia, the fiberoptic bronchoscope will then be passed into a pulmonary segment or subsegment. During SBP-Ag challenge, 15% of the Ag-PD20 allergenic extract will be instilled into the segment.