anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
AIMS: Synaptic dysfunction is a hallmark pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is strongly associated with cognitive impairment. Abnormal phagocytosis by the microglia is one of the main causes of synapse loss in AD. Previous studies have shown that the absence of melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome activity is increased in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, but the role of AIM2 in AD remains unclear.
METHODS: Injection of Aβ1-42 into the bilateral hippocampal CA1 was used to mimic an AD mouse model (AD mice). C57BL/6 mice injected with AIM2 overexpression lentivirus and conditional knockout of microglial AIM2 mice were used to confirm the function of AIM2 in AD. Cognitive functions were assessed with novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. The protein and mRNA expression levels were evaluated by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and qRT-PCR. Synaptic structure and function were detected by Golgi staining and electrophysiology.
RESULTS: The expression level of AIM2 was increased in AD mice, and overexpression of AIM2 induced synaptic and cognitive impairments in C57BL/6 mice, similar to AD mice. Elevated expression levels of AIM2 occurred in microglia in AD mice. Conditional knockout of microglial AIM2 rescued cognitive and synaptic dysfunction in AD mice. Excessive microglial phagocytosis activity of synapses was decreased after knockout of microglial AIM2, which was associated with inhibiting complement activation.
CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that microglial AIM2 plays a critical role in regulating synaptic plasticity and memory deficits associated with AD, providing a new direction for developing novel preventative and therapeutic interventions for this disease.
Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an increasing public health problem, affecting one third of the global population. Contrary to conventional wisdom, MAFLD is not exclusive to obese or overweight individuals. Epidemiological studies have revealed a remarkable prevalence among healthy weight individuals, leading investigations into the genetic, lifestyle, and dietary factors that contribute to the development of MAFLD in this population. This shift in perspective requires reconsideration of preventive strategies, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches tailored to address the unique characteristics of MAFLD healthy weight individuals. It also underscores the importance of widespread awareness and education, within the medical community and among the general population, to promote a more inclusive understanding of liver metabolic disorders. With this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive exploration of MAFLD in healthy weight individuals, encompassing epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinical aspects.
Most laryngeal cancers present in early stage and more than two thirds of it occur in the glottic region(T1-T2). Early glottic carcinoma is historically treated with conventional radiotherapy using large box fields (from lower border of hyoid to lower border of cricoid), using wedged parallel opposed photon beams. In spite of good local control rate of more than 90% for T1a glottic cases, the tumor-free contralateral vocal cord, arytenoids, thyroid cartilage, and all muscles responsible for opening and closing the vocal cords, the swallowing muscles, carotid arteries and thyroid gland are exposed to high radiation doses (fully or partially) which could lead to an increased probability of complications that negatively influence the quality of life of these patients. Typical complications have involved voice/ speech impairment, diet problems (swallowing, trismus), arytenoids edema, an increased risk of strokes, and reduced treatment options for previously irradiated patients. Many studies showed that increasing fraction size and shortening the overall treatment time (hypofractionated radiotherapy) could result in better local control of T1 glottic cancer The use of 63Gy/28 Fractions(Fx) showed superior local control compared with conventional use of 66Gy/33Fx with shorter overall treatment time. Based on this study this dose is the standard in our institute. In contrast to the traditional radiotherapy principle to treat the whole larynx, surgical laser excision of T1a glottic cancer involves removal of gross tumor with minimal, often sub-millimeter, excisional margins with good oncological outcome and good quality of voice. Similar to this surgical concept and with modern radiotherapy IMRT/VMAT technique, the approach of single vocal cord irradiation (SVCI) was introduced. A study of 30 patients with T1a glottis cancer treated by image guided vocal cord radiotherapy was published in 2015 and it showed 100% local control at 2 years and with no grade 3 toxicities reported and better quality of voice when compared to historical cohorts Dosimetric analysis showed that IMRT resulted in markedly reducing the dose to contralateral cord, arytenoids, thyroid cartilage, inferior constrictor muscle and carotid arteries. To date no prospective phase 3 trial was done to compare treatment outcome and toxicity profile of vocal cord only hypofractionated radiotherapy vs traditional whole laryngeal radiotherapy.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a renal carcinogen in rats, and repeated administration induces karyomegaly in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) of the outer stripe of the outer medulla (OSOM) before inducing proliferative lesions. To investigate whether OTA induces micronuclei (MN) in PTECs, we performed an in vitro MN assay using rat renal NRK-52E PTECs after treatment for ≤21 days, and an in vivo OSOM MN assay in rats treated with OTA, other renal carcinogens, or non-carcinogenic renal toxicants for 4 or 13 weeks. The in vitro assay revealed an increased frequency of micronucleated cells from the acceptable dose level for cell viability, even after 21 days of treatment. The in vivo assay also revealed a dose- and treatment period-dependent increase in PTECs with γ-H2AX+ MN. OTA-specific gene expression profiling by OSOM RNA sequencing after week 13 revealed the altered expression of genes related to microtubule-kinetochore binding, the kinesin superfamily, centriole assembly, DNA damage repair, and cell cycle regulation. MN formation was also observed with other renal carcinogens that induce karyomegaly similarly to OTA. These results imply that γ-H2AX+ MN formation by OTA treatment is related to the induction of chromosomal instability accompanying karyomegaly formation before proliferative lesions form, providing a new insight into the carcinogenic mechanism that may be relevant to humans.
Treat 800 mg SP-8008 Prototype Capsule A or matching placebo. 6 out of 8 subjects were administrated SP-8008 and the other two were received Placebo.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and related events and asthma symptom burden in children.
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of baseline data from 147 participants with asthma from a cohort of children enrolled in the Pediatric ACEs Screening and Resiliency Study. Participants completed the PEdiatric ACEs and Related Life Events Screener (PEARLS) tool, a 17-item questionnaire, capturing 3 domains of childhood adversity-child maltreatment, household challenges, and social context. Asthma symptom burden was assessed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood core questionnaire, which asks participants to identify the presence and frequency of severe wheezing that limits speech, wheezing with exercise, nocturnal wheezing, and nocturnal cough in the last 12 months. Using multivariable logistical regression models, we examined the relationship between reported PEARLS and asthma symptoms.
RESULTS: Of children with asthma, 86% reported at least 1 adversity, with 48% reporting 4 or more. The odds of severe wheeze limiting speech increased by 19% with each additional reported adversity captured by the PEARLS tool (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.01-1.41). Increasing PEARLS scores were also associated with 16% increased odds of reporting wheeze with exercise (95% CI 1.03-1.31). Wheezing with exercise was associated with the household challenges domain (odds ratio (OR) 1.34; 95% CI 1.05-1.72), while severe wheeze limiting speech was associated with the social context domain (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.02-3.02).
CONCLUSIONS: Childhood adversities are associated with increased asthma symptom burden, suggesting the tool may be helpful in identifying children at risk for poorly controlled asthma.
Appropriately selected patients with histologically documented recurrence 3 years or more after initial external beam radiotherapy will undergo mpMRI for identification of the site of recurrence. A planning transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) will be obtained for fusion with the mpMRI and transposition of the target volume (GTV=gross tumor volume). A margin of 4.5 cm will be added to the GTV to create a focal planning target volume (PTV). The margin may be cropped at the interface with critical organs. Two fractions of HDR brachytherapy will be delivered, each from a single implant, 2 weeks apart. Following treatment patients will be monitored for toxicity and quality of life using the Expanded Prostate cancer Index (EPIC) questionnaire as well as the International Prostate Symptom score. Efficacy will be evaluated by monitoring the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) and repeat mpMRI at 2 years.
This invention generally relates to a composition and method of using recombinant microRNAs (miRNA) and their hairpin-like precursors (pre-miRNA) as therapeutic drugs for treating Alzheimer’s diseases (AD). More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of man-made miRNA miR-302 precursors (pre-miR-302) for AD therapy in humans. These pre-miR-302 molecules can be mass produced in prokaryotes as a form of DNA expression-competent DNA vectors and/or hairpin-like RNAs. As prokaryotic cells do not transcribe or process hairpin-like RNAs, the present invention also teaches a method for expressing pre-miRNAs in prokaryotes, i.e. pro-miRNA, using a novel hairpin-like RNA transcription mechanism newly found in prokaryotes. Additionally, since miR-302 is a well-known embryonic stem cell (ESC)-specific factor in humans, our novel findings of this invention can be further used to advance the designs and development of novel regenerative medicine for treating many other ageing-related degenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s diseases, osteoporosis, diabetes, and cancers.
Respondents will receive information on the predicted probability of having a heart attack or stroke within 10 years. The predictions will be obtained from the Globorisk tool (www.globorisk.org). All information will be provided within a risk perceptions module of the baseline survey. Only this module will differ across the two treatment groups (information and lottery) and the control group. Information obtained from earlier modules will be retrieved automatically and used to make predictions of CVD risk consistent with the risk factor profile of the respondent.
Male and female reproductive function and fertility may be impaired in patients being treated with cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide interferes with oogenesis and spermatogenesis. It may cause sterility in both sexes. Development of sterility appears to depend on the dose of cyclophosphamide, duration of therapy, and the state of gonadal function at the time of treatment. Cyclophosphamide-induced sterility may be irreversible in some patients. Advise patients on the potential risks for infertility [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3 and 8.4)].
1. An improved multiparticulate tablet consisting of particles of coated active principle which can be compressed on tablets, and on a mixture of excipients, characterized in that it disintegrates in contact with the saliva in the mouth in less than 40 seconds, and that the ratio of excipient mixture to coated active principle particles being from 0.4 to 6 parts by weight, preferably from 1 to 4 weight parts, the mixture of excipients comprising: - a disintegration agent; - a soluble diluent agent with binding properties which consists of a polyol having less than 13 carbon atoms and being either in the form of with an average particle diameter of from 100 to 500 mkm, or in the form of a powder with an average particle diameter of less than 100 mkm, wherein said polyol is selected from the group comprising mannitol, xylitol, sorbitol and maltitol; - at least one lubricant; - a permeabilizing agent; and - advantageously lubricants, sweeteners, flavourings and colours; the proportion of disintegration agent being from 1 to 15% by weight, preferably from 2 to 7 % by weight and the proportion of soluble agent being from 30 to 90% by weight, preferably from 40 to 70 % by weight, based in each case on the weight of the tablet. 2. A tablet according to claim 1, characterized in that only polyol is used as soluble diluent agent with binding properties, said polyol is selected from the group consisting of mannitol, xylitol, sorbitol and maltitol, and is used in the form of the directly compressible product. 3. A tablet according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture of two polyols is used as soluble diluent agent with binding properties, one of them being in the form of a powder, and the other is in the form of a powder with an average particle diameter of from 100 to 500 mkm, wherein the ratio of directly compressible polyol to powder polyol is from 99/1 to 20/80, preferably from 80/20 to 20/80. 4. A tablet according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the active principle is selected from the group consisting of aspirin, paracetamol and ibuprofen. 5. A tablet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the disintegrating agent is selected from the group consisting of croscarmellose, crospovidone and mixtures thereof. 6. A tablet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the permeabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of silicas with a high affinity for aqueous solvents, maltodextrins, beta-cyclodextrins and mixtures thereof. 7. A tablet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the permeabilizing agent is precipitated silica. 8. A tablet according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the proportion of permeabilizing agent is from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the tablet. 9. A tablet according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of magnesium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid, micronized polyoxyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof.
Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for producing an extract. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus for producing an extract comprises: a pressure container which accommodates a liquid mixture of raw materials and water; a heater which heats the pressure container to evaporate the liquid mixture; a cooling device which generates an extract by liquefying steam of the liquid mixture; a water supply device which supplies water to the pressure container; an oxygen supply device which supplies oxygen to the water supplied to the pressure container to enable the water supplied to the pressure container to generate oxygen water; and an activation device which activates the oxygen water by irradiating the oxygen water supplied to the pressure container with an infrared laser beam and performing diffuse reflection of the infrared laser beam. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method for producing an extract is used to produce an extract by inserting the liquid mixture of the raw materials and the water in the pressure container, generating the steam of the liquid mixture by heating the liquid mixture, and then liquefying the steam of the liquid mixture. Oxygen is supplied to the water supplied to the pressure container to enable the water supplied to the pressure container to generate the oxygen water. The oxygen water supplied to the pressure container is irradiated with the infrared laser beam, and the infrared laser beam is diffuse-reflected to activate the oxygen water supplied to the pressure container. The present invention and method can be used to produce extract using oxygen water with a high dissolution rate of oxygen, and maximizes the sustenance of dissolution rate of oxygen in the oxygen water during the production of extract.
PURPOSE:To obtain a preventive or therapeutic agent for diarrhea, containing a diglyceride as an active ingredient, having inhibitory action on bile acid secretion and effective against not only primary diarrhea but also secondary diarrhea in which grave primary diseases exist. CONSTITUTION:A preventive or therapeutic agent for diarrhea containing a diglyceride, e.g. a compound expressed by the formula (two of R<1> to R<3> are acyl derived from a 12-22C saturated fatty acid or unsaturated fatty acid and the rest is H), preferably a compound having an acyl group derived from a 16-20C unsaturated fatty acid as an active ingredient. The aforementioned diglyceride is obtained by transesterification of, e.g. a mixture of fats and oils (e.g. rapeseed oil) with glycerol in the presence of an alkali (earth) metallic hydroxide or reacting a lipase with a mixture of a fatty acid or its ester with the glycerol and conducting esterifying reaction. The above-mentioned pharmaceutical is useful for preventing diarrhea caused by especially ingestion of lipids and has high safety.
Treatment 2: Hand cleaning with a Supertowel that is damp for 60 seconds The Supertowel will be soaked in water by submersing it completely in a bucket filled with tap water. The water on the Supertowel will then be squeezed out so that it is not dripping. The Supertowel will be weighed before soaking and after squeezing. Volunteers will clean their pre-contaminated hands with the damp Supertowel for 60 seconds.
Tabletted vegetable protease (I) compsns. contg. an inactivation indicator (II) are new. (II) is specifically ascorbic acid (IIa) which has been rendered hydrophobic with a fat and/or a fatty substance of melting range 48-58 degrees. The compsn. may contain usual disintegration aids e.g. alkali (bi)carbonates. The (I) is specifically papain. In the food industry esp. for chillproofing beer. (I) can now be dispersed in dosage forms without measuring or weighing and these tablets are more effective than pure (I) and also improve the reducing properties of the beer so inhibit the undesirable oxidn. of the beer. (IIa) forms a pink or red to brown colour with (I) depending on storage time and temp.; the completely active tablet is white but becomes coloured as deactivation proceeds. A deep pink tablet is no longer useable.
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) combined with remifentanil on emergence agitation (EA) during awakening from sevoflurane anesthesia for pediatric liver surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty children who underwent liver surgery in our hospital were prospectively selected and randomly allocated into group A (placebo+remifentanil+sevoflurane) or group B (Dex+remifentanil+sevoflurane). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) at different time points, agitation score during awakening, behavioral status, pain level, and the incidence of postoperative adverse effects were compared in both groups. RESULTS Children in group B had lower HR and MAP levels immediately after tracheal extubation and 5 min after tracheal extubation than those in group A. The Aono's scores, PAED agitation scores, and CHIPP scores at 15 min and 30 min of admission to the PACU were lower in group B than in group A. The incidence of agitation during postoperative anesthesia awakening was lower in group B in contrast to group A. There was no significant difference in postoperative adverse reactions between group A and group B. CONCLUSIONS In pediatric liver surgery, the use of Dex+remifentanil+sevoflurane anesthesia can reduce the incidence of EA during the awakening period, stabilize hemodynamic levels, and relieve postoperative pain, and has fewer postoperative adverse effects, which warrants clinical application.
NEW MATERIAL:The quinone derivative of formula I [A is group of formula IIor formula III (X and Y are same or different OH, methoxy or H); n is 1-5] and its salt. EXAMPLE:6-(7-Carboxy-3-methyl-2,6-octadienyl)-2,3,4-trimethoxy-5-methy lphenol. USE:It has phospholipase-inhibiting and antithrombocyte activities and is useful as an antiplatelet, antithrombotic and remedy for cardiopathy. For example, it is useful for the remedy and prevention, etc. of cerebrovascular disorder such as transient cerebroischemic fit, cerebral infarction, cerebroarteriosclerosis, etc., peripheral blood flow disorder caused by the blocking or constriction of the vessels of the limbs, such as operation of blood vessel, blood disorder, asterioscrerosis obliterans, Raynaud's disease, etc. PREPARATION:The compound of formula I can be prepared by condensing the compound of formula IV with the compound of formula V (R is H or lower alkyl) in the presence of a catalyst such as silica alumina catalyst.
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare, often fatal idiopathic disease, which has no effective therapy. One of the most major complications of systematic sclerosis is pulmonary hypertension (PHT), which is now the cause of all scleroderma related deaths. New therapeutic advances have improved short-term management of pulmonary hypertension in scleroderma, but long-term outcomes are unknown. With this in mind, Dr. Steen has developed Pulmonary Hypertension Assessment Registry of Scleroderma (PHAROS), a preventive, multi-center, web based observational study that looks at the natural history and outcome of scleroderma patients who are at high risk or have early pulmonary hypertension. Patients entered into the registry will be followed in prospective fashion noting the clinical course of disease by both scheduled and event driven follow up. A thorough baseline history will be collected to determine key prognostic and correlative factors for both disease prevalence and progression. Yearly follow up consisting of questionnaires, pulmonary function tests, echocardiogram, 6 minute walk tests and predefined patient characteristics will also be conducted to further understand and note the progression of scleroderma related PAH. Event driven follow up will occur to record findings and record specific predetermined events in the clinical course of disease.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject complex excellent in water dispersibility and capable of readily emulsifying and solubilizing by removing an organic solvent from an organic solvent solution in which sphingolipid, etc., and a surfactant are uniformly dissolved in the organic solvent to simultaneously deposit the sphingolipid and the surfactant. SOLUTION: This complex is obtained by removing an organic solvent from an organic solvent solution obtained by uniformly dissolving a sphingolipid (e.g. ceramide or cerebroside) or a substance having a structure analogous to the lipid and a surfactant into the organic solvent. The surfactant is preferably lecithin (e.g. soybean lecithin or yolk lecithin), a saccharide fatty acid ester (e.g. saccharide monoplamitate), a di-long chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt type cation (e.g. distearyldimethyl ammonium chloride). The compounding ratio of the sphingolipid to the surfactant in the complex is preferably (1-70):(30-99) wt.%.
After 1 week washout period using provided Dove® Soap without any moisturizer, participants in the skin care regimen group will receive Vaseline® Moisturizer, Dove® Soap, and application log. These participants will be asked to apply the Vaseline® Moisturizer twice a day and use Dove® Soap daily for 2 weeks. All applications should be reported in the application log by the participants. A demonstration and verbal instructions for how and where to apply the products will be provided to the subjects along with the application log for daily use.