anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal absorption of glipizide in man is uniform, rapid, and essentially complete. Peak plasma concentrations occur 1 to 3 hours after a single oral dose. The half-life of elimination ranges from 2 to 4 hours in normal subjects, whether given intravenously or orally. The metabolic and excretory patterns are similar with the two routes of administration, indicating that   
first-pass metabolism is not significant. Glipizide does not accumulate in plasma on repeated oral administration. Total absorption and disposition of an oral dose was unaffected by food in normal volunteers, but absorption was delayed by about 40 minutes. Thus, glipizide was more effective when administered about 30 minutes before, rather than with, a test meal in diabetic patients. Protein binding was studied in serum from volunteers who received either oral or intravenous glipizide and found to be 98 to 99% one hour after either route of administration. The apparent volume of distribution of glipizide after intravenous administration was 11 liters, indicative of localization within the extracellular fluid compartment. In mice, no glipizide or metabolites were detectable autoradiographically in the brain or spinal cord of males or females, nor in the fetuses of pregnant females. In another study, however, very small amounts of radioactivity were detected in the fetuses of rats given labelled drug. 

The metabolism of glipizide is extensive and occurs mainly in the liver. The primary metabolites are inactive hydroxylation products and polar conjugates and are excreted mainly in the urine. Less than 10% unchanged glipizide is found in the urine.
Lancehead snakes of the genus Bothrops are responsible for 90% of the snakebites in Latin America. The objective of this study was to assess the LD50, physical, and hematological manifestations induced by B. atrox venom in male and female mice inoculated by different routes. B. atrox venom was inoculated in male and female mice by intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), intravenous (IV), and intraperitoneal (IP) routes. B. atrox venom LD50 was lower in male than female groups, regardless of the injection route. However, it was the lowest when the venom was inoculated by the IP route. Moreover, comparisons between male and female responses according to the injected venom dose showed higher edema-forming, local hemorrhagic, dermonecrotic, and myotoxic activities in male than in female mice. While the minimal hemorrhagic, and necrotic doses were not statistically different between the two groups, the difference between males and females was more pronounced at high venom doses. Hematological parameter changes were also more significant in male than in female mice. The venom decreased the levels of total leukocytes after 24 h of injection in male and female mice, with a more profound decrease in the male group. The micronucleus test, a tool for genotoxicity assessment, documented the mutagenic effects of B. atrox on leucocytes. We demonstrate the higher susceptibility of male mice to B. atrox venom than females. Sex differences must be considered when conducting experimental studies on snake venoms.
BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is common in older patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and often accompanies a deterioration of their condition. The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is used as an objective indicator to evaluate nutritional status, but relevant research in this area is limited. This study aimed to report the prevalence, clinical correlates, and outcomes of malnutrition in elder patients hospitalized with chronic HF.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 165 eligible patients admitted to the Department of Cardiology at Huadong Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022. Patients were categorized based on their CONUT score into three groups: normal nutrition status, mild risk of malnutrition, and moderate to severe risk of malnutrition. The study examined the nutritional status of this population and its relationship with clinical outcomes.
RESULTS: Findings revealed that malnutrition affected 82% of the older patients, with 28% experiencing moderate to severe risk. Poor nutritional scores were significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay, increased in-hospital mortality and all-cause mortality during readmissions within one year (P < 0.05). The multivariable analysis indicated that moderate to severe malnutrition (CONUT score of 5-12) was significantly associated with a heightened risk of prolonged hospitalization (aOR: 9.17, 95%CI: 2.02-41.7).
CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition, as determined by the CONUT score, is a common issue among HF patients. Utilizing the CONUT score upon admission can effectively predict the potential for prolonged hospital stays.
All pregnant women in the control group were followed up with hospital procedures during labor. From the latent phase until labor, the pregnant woman was followed up with hospital procedures. At the end of the latent and active phases, pain assessment was requested and VAS (Appendix 6) was applied. The 2nd and 3rd stages of labor were performed on a normal delivery table in the lithotomy position.
Alcohol is the leading cause of recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis, which greatly elevates the risk of pancreatic cancer. Reducing alcohol intake in patients with a history of alcoholic pancreatitis prevents progression of pancreatitis. Provider-based education on alcohol reduction has not translated to sustainable behaviors change, and more effective and scalable interventions are needed. Wearable alcohol sensors can empower patient-directed behavior change through real-time feedback on alcohol levels in the blood. BACtrack Skyn, the winner of NIAAA's Wearable Alcohol Biosensor Challenge, is a validated transdermal alcohol sensor that estimates blood alcohol concentration. In this pilot study, the investigators aim to (a) determine the feasibility and acceptability of using BACtrack Skyn to monitor changes in blood alcohol concentration among patients at risk for pancreatitis, (b) assess correlations between alcohol levels measured with BACtrack Skyn, breathalyzer, patient-reported alcohol consumption, and urine alcohol metabolite levels, (c) explore whether the use of a wearable alcohol sensor results in a decrease in alcohol consumption over a two-week period. Sixteen participants with known history of alcoholic pancreatitis will be assigned to wearing BACtrack Skyn for 2 weeks with the goal of not exceeding a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08%. Patient-reported drinking history, urine will be collected to correlate reported drinking levels and alcohol metabolic levels with the blood alcohol concentration readings in BACtrack Skyn. Findings from this study will be used as preliminary data to support and optimize subsequent grant applications and inform larger, randomized trials. The proposed study aligns closely with the mission of Cedars-Sinai and contributes to the growing body of research focusing on novel technologies for cancer prevention and control, as well as translational studies on alcoholic gastrointestinal diseases.
The invention provides an antiepileptic medicine and a preparation method thereof. The antiepileptic medicine adopts azurite ore, Formosan white ant, and levetiracetam as effective components. The medicine comprises the components of, by weight, 15-20 parts of azurite ore, 18-24 parts of Formosan white ant, 10-18 parts of levetiracetam, 5-9 parts of an antioxidant, 6-11 parts of a sweetening agent, and 100-120 parts of water. The preparation method comprises the steps that: azurite ore and Formosan white ant are crushed and well mixed; the mixture is added into an extraction kettle; water is added into the extraction kettle, and the kettle is sealed; the kettle is heated, a pressure is 0.3-0.6MPa, and the state is maintained for 8-10min; the temperature is reduced to room temperature, and centrifugation is carried out, such that an extraction liquid is obtained; the extraction liquid is heated to 50 DEG C; the antioxidant, the sweetening agent, and levetiracetam are added, and the mixture is stirred until completely dissolved; wet sterilization is carried out, and the product is cooled, such that the antiepileptic oral liquid is obtained. The antiepileptic medicine provided by the invention has broad-spectrum resistance, and substantial antiepileptic effect. The medicine can be taken for a long time, and causes no severe or chronic adverse reaction.
The invention provides glucan/adriamycin conjugate drug nano-particles. The nano-particles comprise a first repeat unit as shown in a formula I and a second repeat unit as shown in a formula II; in the formula II, R1 and R2 are from anyone independently selected from groups as shown in formulae 1-3. The invention further provides a method for preparing the glucan/adriamycin conjugate drug nano-particles. The method is simple and practical, and can be used for forming the glucan/adriamycin conjugate drug nano-particles with pH value sensitivity by using the anti-tumor drug adriamycin as a hydrophobic segment and an unconjugated glucan chain as a hydrophilic segment in a self-assembly mode. The conjugate drug nano-particles have excellent biocompatibility and EPR effect in the tumor position. Furthermore, when cRGDfk is introduced, the conjugate drug nano-particles have a function of active targeting, and can be used for efficiently transferring drugs.
BACKGROUND: Future Health Today (FHT) is a technology program that integrates with general practice clinical software to provide point of care (PoC) clinical decision support and a quality improvement dashboard. This qualitative study looks at the use of FHT in the context of cardiovascular disease risk in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore factors influencing clinical implementation of the FHT module focusing on cardiovascular risk in CKD, from the perspectives of participating general practitioner staff.
METHODS: Practices in Victoria were recruited to participate in a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial using FHT, of which 19 practices were randomly assigned to use FHT's cardiovascular risk in CKD program. A total of 13 semistructured interviews were undertaken with a nominated general practitioner (n=7) or practice nurse (n=6) from 10 participating practices. Interview questions focused on the clinical usefulness of the tool and its place in clinical workflows. Qualitative data were coded by 2 researchers and analyzed using framework analysis and Clinical Performance Feedback Intervention Theory.
RESULTS: All 13 interviewees had used the FHT PoC tool, and feedback was largely positive. Overall, clinicians described engaging with the tool as a "prompt" or "reminder" system. Themes reflected that the tool's goals and clinical content were aligned with clinician's existing priorities and knowledge, and the tool's design facilitated easy integration into existing workflows. The main barrier to implementation identified by 2 clinicians was notification fatigue. A total of 7 interviewees had used the FHT dashboard tool. The main barriers to use were its limited integration into clinical workflows, such that some participants did not know of its existence; clinicians' competing clinical priorities; and limited time to learn and use the tool.
CONCLUSIONS: This study identified many facilitators for the successful use of the FHT PoC program, in the context of cardiovascular risk in CKD, and barriers to the use of the dashboard program. This work will be used to inform the wider implementation of FHT, as well as the development of future modules of FHT for other risk or disease states.
Maintaining patients' temperature during surgery is beneficial since hypothermia has been linked with perioperative complications. Laparoscopic surgery involves the insufflation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the peritoneal cavity and has become the standard in many surgical indications since it is associated with better and faster recovery. However, the use of cold and dry CO2 insufflation can lead to perioperative hypothermia. We aimed to assess the difference between intraperitoneal and core temperatures during laparoscopic surgery and evaluate the influence of duration and CO2 insufflation volume by fitting a mixed generalized additive model. In this prospective observational single-center cohort trial, we included patients aged over 17 with American Society of Anesthesiology risk scores I to III undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Anesthesia, ventilation, and analgesia followed standard protocols, while patients received active warming using blankets and warmed fluids. Temperature data, CO2 ventilation parameters, and intraabdominal pressure were collected. We recruited 51 patients. The core temperature was maintained above 36 °C and progressively raised toward 37 °C as pneumoperitoneum time passed. In contrast, the intraperitoneal temperature decreased, thus creating a widening difference from 0.4 [25th-75th percentile: 0.2-0.8] °C at the beginning to 2.3 [2.1-2.3] °C after 240 min. Pneumoperitoneum duration and CO2 insufflation volume significantly increased this temperature difference (P < 0.001 for both parameters). Core vs. intraperitoneal temperature difference increased linearly by 0.01 T °C per minute of pneumoperitoneum time up to 120 min and then 0.05 T °C per minute. Each insufflated liter per unit of time, i.e. every 10 min, increased the temperature difference by approximately 0.009 T °C. Our findings highlight the impact of pneumoperitoneum duration and CO2 insufflation volume on the difference between core and intraperitoneal temperatures. Implementing adequate external warming during laparoscopic surgery effectively maintains core temperature despite the use of dry and unwarmed CO2 gases, but peritoneal hypothermia remains a concern, suggesting the importance of further research into regional effects.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04294758.
The invention is in the field of cancer treatment. In particular, the present invention provides pharmaceutical compounds capable of interacting with mutant and non-mutant forms of cancer-related regulatory proteins such that the mutant protein regains the capacitv to properly interact with other macromolecules thereby restoring or stabilizing all or a portion of its wild type activity. Regulatory proteins include members of the p53 protein family such as. for example, p53, p63 and p73. The compounds of the invention are useful for cancer treatment. Methods for screening for such pharmacological compounds are also provided.
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is the most frequent acquired glomerulopathy in children. The initial treatment relies on steroids, which enables remission of proteinuria in 90% of children. However, 80 % of steroid-sensitive patients will relapse, and 2/3 will become steroid-dependant with a long lasting disease over years. In this situation, immunosuppressive drugs are added as steroid-sparing agents. There is no international consensus on the second line treatment strategy after initial steroid therapy. RCT have demonstrated the efficacy of rituximab (RTX) to maintain remission in FR/SDNS after oral treatments withdrawal, however most patients relapse within 2 years, and some patients are resistant or allergic to Rituximab. Obinutuzumab (OBI) is a second generation antiCD20 mAb, that has been designed to overcome rituximab resistance in B-cell malignancies. Additional mechanisms of rituximab failure support the hypothesis that B-cell depletion could be optimized with OBI in autoimmune diseases. OBI has met its primary endpoint in lupus nephritis and a few randomized controlled trials are currently ongoing in nephrology for lupus nephritis and membranous nephropathy. We believe that a single infusion of OBI could reduce the risk of subsequent relapse in FR/SDNS and the cumulative exposure to immunosuppressive drugs.
Patients diagnosed as low ovarian reserve were recruited to the study who have Antimüllerian Hormone level of 1 ng/ml or lower. Patients with low ovarian reserve were diagnosed after normal standard infertility evaluation according to the guideline of The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine which consist of the assesment of spermiogram, ovulation, hysterosalpingogram and if indicated ovarian reserve tests and laparoscopy. Male infertility is an exclusion.
This study will be randomized prospectively and conducted in Sancaktepe Prof.Dr. Dr. İlhan Varank Training and Research Hospital Endoscopy Unit. After the approval from institute ethics committee, and obtaining written informed consent, sixty patients with ASA I-II who underwent lumbar spinal surgery between 18 and 65 years of age were included in the study. Patients with existing heart and lung disease, liver and kidney failure, morbidly obese, using psychiatric drugs, having malignancy, pregnant and lactating patients will not be included in the study. All patients admitted to the endoscopy unit will be monitorized for noninvasive arterial blood and BiS (Bispectral Index) monitorization. Some of the patients will undergo standard monitoring HR (heart rate) and SpO2 (peripheral oxygen saturation). Other patients will be placed in appropriate nasal cannula Capnostream 20p / Coviden for etCO2 (End tidal CO2), RR (Respitarory rate), SpO2 and PR (heart rate) monitorization. Prior to endoscopic intervention, fentanyl 1mcgr/kg iv and propofol 1mg/kg iv will be administered to patients for sedation. During the procedure, the BiS value will be arranged 60-85 and propofol 10-30 mg will be administered intravenously if necessary. If sedation is insufficient, fentanyl 25 mcg iv will be added. After baseline values are recorded mean arterial pressure, BiS values, etCO2, RR, SpO2, PR, iPi (Integrated Pulmonary Index) score values will be recorded at 5 minute intervals after the procedure has started. At the end of the procedure, ODI (Oxygenesaturation Index), A/Hr (hourly apnea) values will be recorded.

Undesirable events like apnea, desaturation will be intervened and duration of it will be recorded. Apnea is described as the breathing stops (ETCO2 = 0mmHg, RR = 0 ) for more than 30 seconds and desaturation is described the fall in SpO2 value below 4% of initial value lasting for at least 4 minutes. When apnea and desaturation are seen, verbal stimulation, jaw lifting maneuver and oxygen flow will be increased. If the apnea and desaturation periods of the patients are prolonged or the SpO2 value falls below 10% of the initial value despite the interventions, the procedure will be terminated and necessary procedures will be performed to ensure airway safety and the study will be terminated.

Patients who have completed the endoscopic intervention will be taken to the recovery unit and the Fast-tracking recovery score will be calculated at 10 minute intervals in the first hour. The time that the fast-tracking score is 14 will be recorded. Patients with two consecutive Fast-tracking recovery score values 14 will be discharged. Patients will be called after 24-48 hours and questioned if they have symptoms such as abdominal distension, fever, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and weakness. The satisfaction score to the patient will be questioned; 1:not satisfied at all, 2: not satisfied, 3: neutral, 4:satisfied, 5: very satisfied.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex and life-threatening condition lacking specific and efficient clinical treatments. Extracellular histones, identified as a novel type of damage-associated molecular patterns, have been implicated in the inflammatory process of ALI. However, further elucidation is needed regarding the precise mechanism through which extracellular histones induce inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether extracellular histones can activate NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation in alveolar macrophages (AMs) by affecting TWIK2-dependent potassium efflux.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted experiments using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) C57BL/6 mice and extracellular histone-stimulated LPS-primed MH-S cells. The results demonstrated a significant increase in the levels of extracellular histones in the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of CLP mice. Furthermore, neutralizing extracellular histone mitigated lung injury and inflammation in CLP-induced ALI mice. In vitro studies confirmed that extracellular histones upregulated the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation-related proteins in MH-S cells, and this effect was dependent on increased potassium efflux mediated by the TWIK2 channel on the plasma membrane. Moreover, extracellular histones directly triggered a substantial influx of calcium, leading to increased Rab11 activity and facilitating the trafficking and location of TWIK2 to the plasma membrane.
CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the critical role of extracellular histone-induced upregulation of TWIK2 expression on the plasma membrane of alveolar macrophages (AMs). This upregulation leads to potassium efflux and subsequent activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, ultimately exacerbating lung inflammation and injury during sepsis.
Patients receive cisplatin IV over 1-2 hours once weekly for weeks 1-6 and pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes every 3 weeks in weeks 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21. Patients also undergo IMRT in weeks 1-6. Patients may also receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes in weeks 3, 6, 24, and 27.
BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with an increased incidence and mortality of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonias. This might be partly due to age-dependent increases in inflammatory mediators, referred to as inflamm-aging and a decline in immune functions, known as immunosenescence. Still, the impact of dysregulated immune responses on lung infection during aging is poorly understood. Here, we aimed to mimic inflamm-aging using ex vivo precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) and neutrophils - as important effector cells of innate immunity - from young and old mice and investigated the influence of aging on inflammation upon infection with P. aeruginosa bacteria.
METHODS: Murine PCLS were infected with the P. aeruginosa standard lab strain PAO1 and a clinical P. aeruginosa isolate D61. After infection, whole-transcriptome analysis of the tissue as well as cytokine expression in supernatants and tissue lysates were performed. Responses of isolated neutrophils towards the bacteria were investigated by quantifying neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, cytokine secretion, and analyzing expression of surface activation markers using flow cytometry.
RESULTS: Inflamm-aging was observed by transcriptome analysis, showing an enrichment of biological processes related to inflammation, innate immune response, and chemotaxis in uninfected PCLS of old compared with young mice. Upon P. aeruginosa infection, the age-dependent pro-inflammatory response was even further promoted as shown by increased production of cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, TNF-α, and IL-17A. In neutrophil cultures, aging did not influence NET formation or cytokine secretion during P. aeruginosa infection. However, expression of receptors associated with inflammatory responses such as complement, adhesion, phagocytosis, and degranulation was lower in neutrophils stimulated with bacteria from old mice as compared to young animals.
CONCLUSIONS: By using PCLS and neutrophils from young and old mice as immunocompetent ex vivo test systems, we could mimic dysregulated immune responses upon aging on levels of gene expression, cytokine production, and receptor expression. The results furthermore reflect the exacerbation of inflammation upon P. aeruginosa lung infection as a result of inflamm-aging in old age.