anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), such as infant regurgitation, infant colic, and functional constipation, are common and typically physiological phenomena during the early months of an infant's life and account for frequent consultations with pediatricians. Various infant formulas are marketed for their management and are frequently given by parents to infants before a medical consultation. However, the evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited and some have altered nutritional compositions when compared to standard formulas. Thus, these products should only be used under medical supervision and upon medical advice. Marketing and over-the-counter sales do not ensure proper medical guidance and supervision. The aim of this position paper is to review the current evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of formulas specifically formulated for addressing regurgitation, colic, and constipation, recognized as FGID. The objective is to provide guidance for clinical management based on the highest quality of available evidence. A wide search using Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was performed including the MESH terms infant formula, colic, constipation, regurgitation, reflux, palmitate, lactase, lactose, magnesium, hydrolyzed protein, prebiotics or probiotics. 752 papers were identified and screened. Finally, 72 papers were included in the paper. In the absence of evidence, recommendations reflect the authors' combined expert opinion. Final consensus was obtained by multiple e-mail exchange and meetings of the Nutrition Committee. (1) For breastfed infants experiencing FGID such as regurgitation, colic, or constipation, transitioning from breastfeeding to commercial formulas is not recommended. (2) In general, whether an infant is breastfed or formula-fed, it's crucial to reassure parents that FGIDs are normal and typically do not necessitate treatment or change to a special formula. (3) Thickened formulas, often termed anti-reflux formulas, may be considered in specific cases of regurgitation. (4) The usage of specialized formulas for infants with colic is not advised due to a lack of clinical evidence. (5) In the case of constipation in infants, the use of formulas enriched with high β-palmitate and increased magnesium content may be considered to soften the stool. Generally, there is limited evidence supporting the use of specialized formulas for FGID. Breastfeeding should never be discontinued in favor of formula feeding.
INTRODUCTION: It is estimated that nearly 5%-10% of Indian schoolchildren have hidden problems, with about 80%-85% of them having dyslexia. Failing to diagnose and address learning disabilities on time can lead to adverse outcomes, such as school dropouts and mental health issues. In this context, the study was designed to assess educators' knowledge regarding LD, its detection, and provisions for its management.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 randomly selected English, Hindi, Marathi, and Urdu medium schools under Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation from June 2018 to December 2019. The study participants were primary, upper primary, and high schoolteachers whose knowledge and practices regarding LD were assessed using a validated questionnaire.
RESULTS: From the ten selected schools, 150 teachers were interviewed. The knowledge regarding LD was poor, with only 26.67% of the teachers expressing the inability of the child to learn in only one particular tenet of their studies as a learning disability, which was incorrect. Nearly 24.67% of the teachers expressed the correct opinion that children who had problems with two or more learning domains were found to have LD. Most of them were unaware of the provisions for children with LD. The most common factors influencing learning disability among children were the environment at home (approximately 40%), followed by health and frequent illness of a child (28.67%).
CONCLUSION: LD criteria, screening, provision, and referral should have been better understood by schoolteachers. Most of their expertise came from teacher training programs. Teachers closely study their pupils and can spot even modest changes in academic performance or behavior, making them the first screening medium for learning disabilities. Therefore, teachers must be trained to recognize LD and informed about available services such as urban rehabilitation centers for children with LD.
BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive transcervical oesophagectomy is a surgical technique that offers radical oesophagectomy without the need for transthoracic access. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the minimally invasive transcervical oesophagectomy procedure and to report the refinement of this technique in a Western cohort.
METHODS: A single-centre prospective cohort study was designed as an IDEAL stage 2A study. Patients with oesophageal cancer (cT1b-4a N0-3 M0) who were scheduled for oesophagectomy with curative intent were eligible for inclusion in the study. The main outcome parameter was the postoperative pulmonary complication rate and the secondary outcomes were the anastomotic leakage, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, and R0 resection rates, as well as the lymph node yield.
RESULTS: In total, 75 patients underwent minimally invasive transcervical oesophagectomy between January 2021 and November 2023. Several modifications to the surgical technique were registered, evaluated, and implemented in the context of IDEAL stage 2A. A total of 12 patients (16%) had postoperative pulmonary complications, including pneumonia (4 patients) and pleural effusion with drainage or aspiration (8 patients). Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was observed in 33 of 75 patients (44%), with recovery in 30 of 33 patients (91%). A total of 5 of 75 patients (7%) had anastomotic leakage. The median number of resected lymph nodes was 29 (interquartile range 22-37) and the R0 resection rate was 96% (72 patients).
CONCLUSION: Introducing minimally invasive transcervical oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer in a Dutch institution is associated with a low rate of postoperative pulmonary complications and a high rate of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy.
BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation is responsible for neuropsychiatric dysfunction following acute brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. This study describes how a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PHD) inhibitor FG-4592 prevents the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute neuroinflammation in microglia.
METHODS: The distribution of FG-4592 in mouse brain tissues was determined by collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. Microglial activation in the hippocampus was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Moreover, we determined the activation of HIF-1 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, proinflammatory responses using molecular biological techniques. Transcriptome sequencing and BNIP3 silencing were conducted to explore signaling pathway and molecular mechanisms underlying FG-4592 anti-inflammatory activity.
RESULTS: FG-4592 was transported into the brain tissues and LPS increased its transportation. FG-4592 promoted the expression of HIF-1α and induced the downstream gene transcription in the hippocampus. Administration with FG-4592 significantly inhibited microglial hyperactivation and decreased proinflammatory cytokine levels following LPS treatment in the hippocampus. The LPS-induced inflammatory responses and the NF-κB signaling pathway were also downregulated by FG-4592 pretreatment in microglial cells. Mechanistically, Venn diagram analysis of transcriptomic changes of BV2 cells identified that BNIP3 was a shared and common differentially expressed gene among different treatment groups. FG-4592 markedly upregulated the protein levels of BNIP3 in microglia. Importantly, BNIP3 knockdown aggravated the LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses and partially reversed the protection of FG-4592 against microglial inflammatory signaling and microglial activation in the mouse hippocampus.
CONCLUSIONS: FG-4592 alleviates neuroinflammation through facilitating microglial HIF-1/BNIP3 signaling pathway in mice. Targeting HIF-PHD/HIF-1/BNIP3 axis is a promising strategy for the development of anti-neuroinflammation drugs.
BACKGROUND: Postoperative ileus (POI) continues to be a major cause of morbidity following colorectal surgery. Despite best efforts, the incidence of POI in colorectal surgery remains high (~30%). This study aimed to investigate machine learning techniques to identify risk factors for POI in colorectal surgery patients, to help guide further preventative strategies.
METHODS: A TRIPOD-guideline-compliant retrospective study was conducted for major colorectal surgery patients at a single tertial care centre (2018-2022). The primary outcome was the occurrence of POI, defined as not achieving GI-2 (outcome measure of time to first stool and tolerance of oral diet) by day four. Multivariate logistic regression, decision trees, radial basis function and multilayer perceptron (MLP) models were trained using a random allocation of patients to training/testing data sets (80/20). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves were used to evaluate model performance.
RESULTS: Of 504 colorectal surgery patients, 183 (36%) experienced POI. Multivariate logistic regression, decision trees, radial basis function and MLP models returned an AUROC of 0.722, 0.706, 0.712 and 0.800, respectively. The MLP model had the highest sensitivity and specificity values. In addition to well-known risk factors for POI, such as postoperative hypokalaemia, surgical approach, and opioid use, the MLP model identified sarcopenia (ranked 4/30) as a potentially modifiable risk factor for POI.
CONCLUSION: MLP outperformed other models in predicting POI. Machine learning can provide valuable insights into the importance and ranking of specific predictive variables for POI. Further research into the predictive value of preoperative sarcopenia for POI is required.
PURPOSE:To provide a composition to prevent the adsorption of peptide, containing benzalkonium chloride or benzethonium chloride as an essential component and effective to prevent the adsorption of peptide useful as a physiologically active substance to a glass wall, etc., at an extremely low concentration. CONSTITUTION:The objective composition to prevent the adsorption of peptide (e.g. P-substance, angiotensin I, bradikinin, calcitosin, ACTH, insulin, etc.) is produced by using benzalkonium chloride or benzethonium chloride as an essential component. The amount of the essential component in an aqueous solution or suspension of the peptide-containing composition is preferably 0.001-1%. The present invention has been derived from the fact that benzalkonium chloride or benzethonium chloride exhibits preventive effect to the adsorption of peptide to a glass wall.
Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis, characterized by recurrent oral aphthae, genital ulcers, uveitis, skin lesions, arthritis, gastrointestinal and neurologic manifestations. There has been a growing interest in research on the pathogenesis of the disease. Eosinophils has been implicated in the vascular injury associated with several vasculitis syndromes like Churg Strauss syndrome, temporal arteritis and Henoch-Schonlein purpura. In Behçet patients, serum IgE and eosinophils have been reported to be comparable with the controls but eosinophil activity has not been studied extensively. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is a matrix protein of specific granules of eosinophils with considerable capacity to damage tissue and cells and has been reported to reflect eosinophil activity. Increased serum levels of ECP has been reported in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Several immunomodulatory features of ECP has been reported, such as inhibition of the proliferative T-lymphocyte response to antigen, immunoglobulin production, proliferation of plasma cell lines and upregulation of ICAM-1. Procoagulant effects of ECP has also been reported. The present study was conducted in patients without usage of any confounding drugs that can effect serum ECP levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum ECP levels in BD and its relation to the clinical activity.

Forty-seven consecutive patients with BD (22 active, 25 inactive) meeting International Study Group Criteria , 21 age and sex matched patients with allergic rhinitis and 21 apparently healthy controls were evaluated prospectively in Rheumatology-Immunology Outpatient Clinic. Clinical activity was defined according to the criteria proposed by "Behcet's Disease Research Committee of Japan" . Activity scoring was made according to the "Behçet's Disease Research Committee of Japan" which was proposed in 1994. Organ involvements of the patients were summarized.

Patients on corticosteroids or immunosuppressives were excluded. Colchicine was stopped 10 days prior to the blood collection in inactive patients. Blood was drawn from the active patients before starting treatment. Cases with any allergy history or parasitosis were excluded.
Provided is a cultured cartilage tissue material which enables formation of cartilage tissue being substantially the same as the cartilage tissue actually in the living body, and which is large in volume. The cultured cartilage tissue material is to be used for cartilage regeneration and comprises chondrocytes, and is a mixed body of chondrocytes in a concentration of 1×10 7  to 1×10 9  cells/cm 3 , and a bioabsorbable polymer. A thickness of the thinnest part of the cultured cartilage tissue material is 2.2 to 100 mm. A volume ratio between the chondrocytes and the bioabsorbable polymer is 7:3 to 9.5:0.5. A production amount of glycosaminoglycan is 0.001 to 0.2 ng per unit cell. A content ratio between type I collagen and type II collagen is 10:90 to 1:99. A content of type II collagen is 0.01 to 0.65 mg per 1 mg of dry weight of tissue.
Following colonic inflammation, the uninjured bladder afferent neurons are also activated. The mechanisms and pathways underlying this sensory neuron cross-activation (from injured neurons to uninjured neurons) are not fully understood. Colonic and bladder afferent neurons reside in the same spinal segments and are separated by satellite glial cells (SGCs) and extracellular matrix in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). SGCs communicate with sensory neurons in a bidirectional fashion. This review summarizes the differentially regulated genes/proteins in the injured and uninjured DRG neurons and explores the role of SGCs in regulation of sensory neuron crosstalk in visceral cross-organ sensitization. The review also highlights the paracrine pathways in mediating neuron-SGC and SGC-neuron coupling with an emphasis on the neurotrophins and purinergic systems. Finally, I discuss the results from recent RNAseq profiling of SGCs to reveal useful molecular markers for characterization, functional study, and therapeutic targets of SGCs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are the largest glial subtypes in sensory ganglia and play a critical role in mediating sensory neuron crosstalk, an underlying mechanism in colon-bladder cross-sensitization. Identification of novel and unique molecular markers of SGCs can advance the discovery of therapeutic targets in treatment of chronic pain including visceral pain comorbidity.
A method for diagnosing the alcoholic nephropathy comprises the enzyme assay in the peripheral blood neutrophils. Dehydrogenases are measured in the incubation mixture containing the substrate, the co-enzyme, and the dye. The mixture is incubated at the temperature of 37 °С for 45-60 minutes, and the mean cytochemical index (MCI) is calculated. When MCI for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is within 1.58-1.52 conv. units and MCI for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is within 2.11-2.17 conv. units, the mild alcoholic nephropathy is diagnosed. When SDH MCI is within 1.34-1.28 conv. units and LDH MCI is within 2.53-2.58 conv. units, the moderate alcoholic nephropathy is diagnosed. When SDH MCI is within 1.29-1.33 conv. units and LDH MCI is within 2.69-2.75 conv. units, the severe alcoholic nephropathy is diagnosed.
Methods which increase the bioavailability of beneficial gases in the circulatory system are provided. The methods involve administering agents that changes the binding affinity of a medicinal gas such as NO, CO, H 2 S, N 2 O, SO, SO 2  and O 2  for Hb and/or hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). The change results in increased release of gases carried by Hb and HBOCs. As a result, the concentration of the gases in circulation is raised, and they are more available to exert their beneficial effects, e.g. in the treatment of disease or conditions caused by low levels of the gases. The methods are optionally used together with administration of medicinal gases and/or administration of HBOCs and/or other non-HBOC gas carriers such as PFC, and as (or in conjunction with) diagnostic methods.
We describe a strategy that combines histologic and molecular mapping that permits interrogation of the chronology of changes associated with cancer development on a whole-organ scale. Using this approach, we present the sequence of alterations around RB1 in the development of bladder cancer. We show that RB1 is not involved in initial expansion of the preneoplastic clone. Instead, we found a set of contiguous genes that we term "forerunner" genes whose silencing is associated with the development of plaque-like field effects initiating carcinogenesis. Specifically, we identified five candidate forerunner genes (ITM2B, LPAR6, MLNR, CAB39L, and ARL11) mapping near RB1. Two of these genes, LPAR6 and CAB39L, are preferentially downregulated in the luminal and basal subtypes of bladder cancer, respectively. Their loss of function dysregulates urothelial differentiation, sensitizing the urothelium to N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine-induced cancers, which recapitulate the luminal and basal subtypes of human bladder cancer.
PURPOSE:To obtain a sensitive reagent capable of easily detecting early syphilis as well as late syphilis, by sensitizing a carrier by using a refined TP antigen stock solution prepared by removing a fraction having a specific gravity below a specified value from a Treponema pallidum culture. CONSTITUTION:Treponema pallidum (TP) is inoculated on rabbit testicles and cultured. TP germs thus obtained are treated according to the density gradient of sodium diatrizoate. Then, the suspension of the TP germs is stratified and subjected to the centrifugal separation, etc. for removing a fraction having a specific gravity less than 1.01, and thereby a refined TP antigen stock solution is obtained. At this time, it is preferable to remove a fraction having a specific gravity larger than 1.20 together. Germ bodies in the refined TP antigen stock solution thus obtained is crushed, and antigens are sensitized on carriers such as sheep red corpuscles. By using these sensitized carriers, a reagent kit for inspection of syphilis is prepared. This reagent enables the same sensitive detection of early infection with syphilis within a month as that of the late infection therewith.
Voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV) inhibitors are used to treat neurological disorders of hyperexcitability such as epilepsy. These drugs act by attenuating neuronal action potential firing to reduce excitability in the brain. However, all currently available NaV-targeting antiseizure medications nonselectively inhibit the brain channels NaV1.1, NaV1.2, and NaV1.6, which potentially limits the efficacy and therapeutic safety margins of these drugs. Here, we report on XPC-7724 and XPC-5462, which represent a new class of small molecule NaV-targeting compounds. These compounds specifically target inhibition of the NaV1.6 and NaV1.2 channels, which are abundantly expressed in excitatory pyramidal neurons. They have a > 100-fold molecular selectivity against NaV1.1 channels, which are predominantly expressed in inhibitory neurons. Sparing NaV1.1 preserves the inhibitory activity in the brain. These compounds bind to and stabilize the inactivated state of the channels thereby reducing the activity of excitatory neurons. They have higher potency, with longer residency times and slower off-rates, than the clinically used antiseizure medications carbamazepine and phenytoin. The neuronal selectivity of these compounds is demonstrated in brain slices by inhibition of firing in cortical excitatory pyramidal neurons, without impacting fast spiking inhibitory interneurons. XPC-5462 also suppresses epileptiform activity in an ex vivo brain slice seizure model, whereas XPC-7224 does not, suggesting a possible requirement of Nav1.2 inhibition in 0-Mg2+- or 4-AP-induced brain slice seizure models. The profiles of these compounds will facilitate pharmacological dissection of the physiological roles of NaV1.2 and NaV1.6 in neurons and help define the role of specific channels in disease states. This unique selectivity profile provides a new approach to potentially treat disorders of neuronal hyperexcitability by selectively downregulating excitatory circuits.
Patients receive FL118 PO on days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo collection of blood samples and CT or MRI throughout the trial. Patients may optionally undergo biopsy at screening and on study.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects a significant number of combat soldiers, with some studies suggesting 20% have PTSD. PTSD is related to a number of other detrimental effects, on the individual, such as mood disorders and alcohol abuse, on family members, and on society at large. Although effective treatments for PTSD exist, primarily types of cognitive behavior therapy, their uptake is very low. Studies have shown that a variety of factors act as barriers to care. These include not having the time for therapy, no therapy being locally available, and general stigma about therapy. In military populations, this stigma includes worries about the attitudes of unit members and commanding officers. As a result, many combat veterans do not seek therapy. Recently, it has been suggested that providing therapy in non-conventional settings might overcome some of these barriers. Studies over the last decade have shown that using Virtual Reality is a potential option. Virtual reality is a computer based environment that allows the therapist complete control over its multimedia components. VR is easily adaptable to exposure based treatments, where patients gradually come into contact with feared situations. VR for PTSD following combat, terror and motor vehicle accidents have all shown to be effective treatments. The studies so far are few, involve a small number of patients, and have often not adhered to gold standards of controlled trials. In addition, VR for combat in Israel has never been developed or tested.

The current study is a randomized controlled trial, that will compare traditional face-to-face treatment with Virtual Reality, for combat related PTSD. Blind assessors will examine levels of PTSD and other disorders before treatment, immediately after treatment, and at 6 month follow up.