anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells on the phenotypic transformation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the effect of HSC activation on the malignant behavior of gastric cancer cells, including its molecular mechanism.
METHODS: Exosomes derived from the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS were extracted and purified by polymer precipitation and ultrafiltration, respectively. The exosomes' morphologic characteristics were observed using transmission electron microscopy, particle size was determined through nanoparticle-tracking analysis, and marker proteins were detected using western blotting. Exosome uptake by LX-2 HSCs was observed through fluorescence-based tracing. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP). Using functional assays, the effects of LX-2 HSC activation on the biological behavior of malignant gastric cancer cells were evaluated. The effects of LX-2 HSC activation on the protein expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes and β-catenin were evaluated via western blotting.
RESULTS: The extracted particles conformed to the definitions of exosomes and were thus considered gastric cancer cell-derived exosomes. Fluorescence-based tracing successfully demonstrated that exosomes were enriched in LX-2 HSCs. RT-qPCR revealed that the mRNA expression of the cancer-associated fibroblast markers α-SMA and FAP was significantly increased. LX-2 HSC activation considerably enhanced gastric cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Western blotting showed that the expression of the EMT-related epithelial marker E-cadherin was significantly downregulated, whereas the expression of interstitial markers (N-cadherin and vimentin) and β-catenin was remarkably upregulated in gastric cancer cells.
CONCLUSION: Exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells promoted phenotypic transformation of HSCs and activated HSCs to become tumor-associated fibroblasts. Gastric cancer cell-derived cells significantly enhanced gastric cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration after HSC activation, which may promote EMT of gastric cancer cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
The present invention is drawn to a transdermal patch for the delivery of a nitroglycerin or other NO donor. The patch can comprise a backing layer, and a nitroglycerin-containing composition or other NO donor-containing composition which is supported at least in part by the backing layer. The transdermal patch can have a drug delivery zone defined by the area where the composition contacts an intact human skin site, and the transdermal patch can be formulated to deliver a nitric oxide donor, such as nitroglycerin, at from about 5 μg/hour to about 70 μg/hour. In one embodiment, the transdermal patch can provide a delivery rate at the drug delivery zone of from about 1 μg/cm2/day to about 600 μg/cm2/day. In another embodiment, the transdermal patch can contain from 6 wt% to 18 wt% of the nitric oxide donor, e.g., nitroglycerin. In each embodiment, the patch can contain at least 450 μg/cm2 of nitroglycerin.
Mutant strain (A) of an Apicomplexa of the family Sarcocystidae contains mutations that inactivate both of the adhesins MIC1 and MIC3. An independent claim is also included for a vaccine that contains (A). ACTIVITY : Protozoacide. MECHANISM OF ACTION : Vaccine. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 20 tachyzoites of T. gondii in which both MIC1 and MIC3 were inactivated, then 1 month later challenged with 70 cysts of the cystogenic strain 76K. Practically no cerebral cysts were formed in the vaccinated animals (99.9 % protection).
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an oral composition which enhances the proliferation and differentiation of cells and mitigates side effects caused by chemotherapy.  <P>SOLUTION: A method of treating osteoporosis comprises administering a pharmaceutical composition containing a fraction of the extract of Dioscorea sp. as an active ingredient to a patient, and a method of mitigating side effects caused by chemotherapy is provided. The extract is prepared by the process comprising a step of extracting the tuber of Dioscorea sp. with an alcohol base solvent and a step of purifying the obtained extract.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
A healthcare model for people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, based on Contingency Behavioral Analysis (CBA). The CCA model was constructed in a Mexican population by Ribes et al. (1986), and later operationalized in manuals by Rodriguez (2002). It has proven to be a suitable alternative for working with people with T2DM (Ocampo et al., 2017; Rodriguez et al., 2015; Rodriguez et al., 2016; Rivera et al., 2008; Rodriguez et al., 2013; Rosales et al., 2021). For this intervention, an application manual aimed at the intervention facilitator was developed and evaluated by a panel of experts in the field of nursing, endocrinology, diabetology and social work with experience in the care of people with T2DM. In general, they were asked to evaluate the congruence and adequacy of the activities proposed in the sessions to improve adherence to treatment in people with T2DM. Additionally, they evaluated whether the number of sessions was adequate for the objectives of the research project.
Opioid use disorders (OUDs) are common among Veterans. Despite the availability of opioid replacement therapies, many individuals continue to abuse opioids and relapse rates remain high. Veterans are nearly twice as likely to die from accidental opioid overdose than the general population. Approximately 60% of Veterans returning from the Middle East and more than 50% of older Veterans in the VA health care system have chronic pain. Further, post-traumatic stress disorder, a common comorbidity in the Veteran population, has been shown to negatively impact early engagement and retention of individuals in OUD treatment. As is the case with other substance use disorders, opioid craving is commonly described by abstinent patients whether or not they are stabilized on buprenorphine. Subsequently, a treatment that reduces pain and craving, while also improving early engagement and retention in treatment, would improve recovery from opioid addiction. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is capable of non-invasively altering cortical function. rTMS is an FDA-approved treatment for major depressive disorder. Preliminary evidence suggests that rTMS can also reduce pain in chronic pain conditions and craving in substance use disorders. Single sessions of rTMS produce small temporary effects, while multiple sessions of rTMS result in larger, more durable effects. The investigators' group recently completed a blinded, sham-controlled crossover trial in non-treatment seeking OUD participants. A single session of rTMS reduced cue-induced craving and increased thermal pain thresholds. Given that multiple sessions of rTMS produce larger and more durable treatment effects than single sessions of rTMS, it follows that multiple treatment sessions applied to OUD patients may result in a clinically relevant reduction in pain and cue-induced craving, which could improve clinical and functional outcomes.

In this SPiRE pilot proposal, the investigators will perform a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial delivering an accelerated course of rTMS to a cohort of OUD Veterans with chronic pain receiving treatment through the Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center Substance Treatment and Recovery program. The goal of this proposal is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of delivering rTMS to the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex in Veterans with OUD and chronic pain. The investigators will also preliminarily explore the feasibility of evaluating potential outcome measurements in preparation for a larger trial, including abstinence, treatment retention, community reintegration and functional outcomes, pain, and opioid craving. Positive results from this pilot project will inform a future MERIT application and have the potential to significantly improve treatment outcomes in this difficult to treat Veteran population.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Vascular invasion (VI) in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is an independent prognostic feature and a high-risk indicator for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II CRC. This study evaluated the effect of elastic staining on VI detection.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The VI was assessed using elastic staining in 154 patients with CRC. Based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, cases were classified into three groups: absent (n=80), equivocal (n=23), and suspected (n=51). Two sections per case were evaluated for VI using elastic staining, and the presence of VI on one or both slides was confirmed. Finally, the correlation between the VI and other clinicopathological factors was analyzed.
RESULTS: The overall detection rate of VI using elastic staining was 67/154 (51.4%). VI was detected in 17/80 (21.3%), 3/23 (13.0 %), and 47/51 (92.2%) patients in the absent, equivocal, and suspected groups, respectively. VI was detected in both sections of the elastic staining slides in 28 cases, and in only one section in 38 cases. The VI was significantly associated with perineural invasion, M stage, and synchronous metastasis.
CONCLUSION: VI detection using H&E staining alone is not reliable, emphasizing the importance of elastic staining in improving VI detection. Therefore, we recommend the incorporation of elastic staining into routine pathological practice for all pT3 and pT4 CRC cases.
Currently, obesity and its complications have become increasingly serious health issues. Bariatric surgery is an effective method of treating obesity and related metabolic complications. Among them, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is still considered the "gold standard" procedure for bariatric surgery. Small bowel obstruction is one of the possible complications after RYGB, and in addition to the formation of intra-abdominal hernias, kinking of the jejunojejunal anastomosis is an important cause of small bowel obstruction. The early clinical symptoms of kinking of the jejunojejunal anastomosis often lack clarity in the early stages. Therefore, early diagnosis, prevention, and effective treatment of kinking of the jejunojejunal anastomosis are challenging but crucial. The occurrence of kinking of the jejunojejunal anastomosis may be related to surgical techniques and the surgeon's experience. The use of anti-obstruction stitch, mesenteric division, and bidirectional jejunojejunal anastomosis may be beneficial in preventing kinking of the jejunojejunal anastomosis. If kinking of the jejunojejunal anastomosis occurs, timely abdominal CT scans and endoscopic examinations should be performed. Gastric and intestinal decompression should be initiated immediately, and exploratory surgery should be prepared.
The invention relates to a method for extracting and processing medicinal fungus water, which comprises the steps of medicinal fungus sporophore pulverizing, pre-soaking, hot boiling, condensing, squeezing and dewatering, concentrating and sponging drying processes. After being pulverized, medicinal fungus sporophores are added in a boiling pot with the water-powder ratio thereof to be 10:1. The boiling pot is provided with a pot cover. Then after being presoaked, the mixture is heated and boiled. During boiling, the pot cover is locked to be kept closed and the cooking liquor in the boiling pot is subjected to forced circulation through a circulating pump. Meanwhile, volatile substances generated in the boiling pot flow back to the boiling pot after being processed through a steam condenser (2). The invention provided by the method has the advantages of sufficient precipitation of effective ingredient, improved quality, improved yield; un-deleted volatile constituent; low-temperature heating concentration, fast concentration, non-destructive effective ingredient; and the feed liquid can be atomized into fine mist, which is dried into powder immediately when contacting hot air, so the method is especially suitable for extracting medicinal fungus water.
In recognition of the need to develop novel therapeutic agents, the present invention provides novel histone deacetylase inhibitors. These compounds include an ester bond making them sensitive to deactivation by esterases. Therefore, these compounds are particularly useful in the treatment of skin disorders. When the compounds reaches the bloodstream, an esterase or an enzyme with esterase activity cleaves the compound into biologically inactive fragments or fragments with greatly reduced activity Ideally these degradation products exhibit a short serum and/or systemic half-life and are eliminated rapidly. These compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof are particularly useful in treating cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, neurofibromatosis, psoriasis, hair loss, skin pigmentation, and dermatitis, for exmaple. The present invention also provides methods for preparing compounds of the invention and intermediates thereto.
The high-throughput fabrication of microparticles based on the double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique for screening and optimizing microparticle formulations for particular characteristics allows for the preparation of multiple microparticle formulations in parallel. The system involves the formation of an emulsion containing aqueous bubbles with the payload in an organic phase containing the polymer or polymer blend being.used for the microparticles. This first emulsion is then transferred to a larger aqueous phase, and a second waterin-oil-in water emulsion is formed. The organic solvent is then removed, and the resulting particles are optionally washed and/or freeze dried. The resulting microparticles are similar or better than microparticles prepared using the traditional one formulation at a time approach. The high-throughput fabrication of microparticles is particularly useful in optimizing microparticles formulations for drug delivery.
The invention discloses application of Bend5 protein to acceleration of induced differentiation of embryonic stem cells into primitive reproductive progenitor-like cells. An amino acid sequence of the Bend5 protein is shown as SEQ ID NO.1. A primary structure of the protein comprises a Coiled-coil structure domain and a BEN structure domain. Specifically, excessive expression of the Bend5 can accelerate differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into similar ectoderm-like cells; the excessive expression of the Bend5 also can accelerate differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into primitive reproductive progenitor-like cells. Furthermore, research results show that transcription factor protein Bend5 is combined with Stella gene with dependence on BEN structure domain protein, and Tet1 and Oct4 are recruited to activate expression of the Stella gene, so that the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into primitive reproductive progenitor-like cells can be accelerated. The Bend5 protein has a good application prospect in treatment of infertility.
The antihypertensive effects of aliskiren have been demonstrated in 6 randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled, 8-week clinical trials in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. The placebo response and placebo-subtracted changes from baseline in seated trough cuff blood pressure are shown in Table 2. 

The studies included approximately 2,730 patients given doses of 75 mg to 600 mg of aliskiren and 1,231 patients given placebo. As shown in Table 2, there is some increase in response with administered dose in all studies, with reasonable effects seen at 150 mg to 300 mg, and no clear further increase at 600 mg. A substantial proportion (85% to 90%) of the blood pressure lowering effect was observed within 2 weeks of treatment. 

Studies with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring showed reasonable control throughout the interdosing interval, e.g., the ratios of mean daytime to mean nighttime ambulatory BP ranged from 0.6 to 0.9. 

Patients in the placebo-controlled trials continued open-label aliskiren for up to 1 year. A persistent blood pressure lowering effect was demonstrated by a randomized withdrawal study (patients randomized to continued drug or placebo), which showed a statistically significant difference between patients kept on aliskiren and those randomized to placebo. With cessation of treatment, blood pressure gradually returned toward baseline levels over a period of several weeks. There was no evidence of rebound hypertension after abrupt cessation of therapy. 

The effectiveness of aliskiren was demonstrated across all demographic subgroups, although black patients tended to have smaller reductions in blood pressure than Caucasians and Asians, as has been seen with ACE inhibitors and ARBs.
Cardiac aortic surgery is an extremely complicated procedure that often requires large volume blood transfusions during the operation. Currently, it is not possible to accurately estimate the intraoperative blood transfusion volume before surgery. Therefore, in this study, to determine the clinically precise usage of blood for intraoperative blood transfusions during aortic surgery, we established a predictive model based on machine learning algorithms. We performed a retrospective analysis on 4,285 patients who received aortic surgery in Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 2018 and September 2022. Ultimately, 3,654 patients were included in the study, including 2,557 in the training set and 1,097 in the testing set. By utilizing 13 current mainstream models and a large-scale cardiac aortic surgery dataset, we built a novel machine learning model for accurately predicting intraoperative red blood cell transfusion volume. Based on the transfusion-related risk factors that the model identified, we also established the relevant variables that affected the results. The results revealed that decision tree models were the most suitable for predicting the blood transfusion volume during aortic surgery. In particular, the mean absolute error for the best-performing extremely randomized forest model was 1.17 U, while the R2 value was 0.50. Further exploration into intraoperative blood transfusion during aortic surgery identified erythrocytes, estimated operation duration, body weight, sex, red blood cell count, and D-dimer as the six most significant risk factors. These factors were subsequently analyzed for their influence on intraoperative blood transfusion volume in relevant patients, as well as the protective threshold for prediction. The novel intraoperative blood transfusion prediction model for cardiac aorta surgery in this study effectively assists clinicians in accurately calculating blood transfusion volumes and achieving effective utilization of blood resources. Furthermore, we utilize interpretability technology to reveal the influence of critical risk factors on intraoperative blood transfusion volume, which provides an important reference for physicians to provide timely and effective interventions. It also enables personalized and precise intraoperative blood usage.
Leukapheresis procedure will be performed to manufacture CAR-GPRC5D chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells. Bridging therapy is allowed between PBMC collection and lymphodepletion. Lymphodepletion with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide was performed for three consecutive days. After 1-day rest, subjects will receive a single dose infusion of CAR-GPRC5D at 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 x 10\^6 CAR+ T cells/Kg. Subjects will be followed in the study for a minimum of 2 years after infusion. Long-term follow-up for lentiviral vector safety will be followed for up to 15 years after infusion.
SCOPE: To analyze the effects of fexaramine (FEX), as an intestinal FXR agonist, on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and ileum of mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Three-month-old C57Bl/6 male mice are divided into two groups and received a control (C, 10% of energy from lipids) or HF (50% of energy from lipids) diet for 12 weeks. They are subdivided into the C, C + FEX, HF, and HF + FEX groups. FEX is administered (FEX-5 mg kg-1 ) via orogastric gavage for three weeks. Body mass (BM), glucose metabolism, qPCR 16S rRNA gene expression, and ileum gene expression, bile acids (BAs), tight junctions (TJs), and incretin are analyzed. FEX reduces BM and glucose intolerance, reduces plasma lipid concentrations and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increases the Lactobacillus sp. and Prevotella sp. abundance, and reduces the Escherichia coli abundance. Consequently, the ileal gene expression of Fxr-Fgf15, Tgr5-Glp1, and Cldn-Ocldn-Zo1 is increased, and Tlr4-Il6-Il1beta is decreased.
CONCLUSION: FEX stimulates intestinal FXR and improves dysbiosis, intestinal TJs, and the release of incretins, mitigating glucose intolerance and BM increases induced by an HF diet. However, FEX results in glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and reduces intestinal TJs in a control group, thus demonstrating limitations to this dietary model.
Patients with hypertension have a higher risk of having constipation and vice versa. The causal association between these 2 variables is not proven. We performed a retrospective Mendelian randomization analysis to determine the causal association between constipation and hypertension. Two-sample 2-way Mendelian randomization analysis was used. Genetic variants for constipation were derived from genome-wide association study data of European origin (15,902 cases and 395,721 controls). Corresponding genetic associations for hypertension were derived from European ancestry GWAS data (54,358 cases and 408,652 controls). Genetic susceptibility to hypertension was associated with an increased risk of constipation (OR: 3.459, 95% CI: 1.820-6.573, P < .001). In an inverse Mendelian randomization analysis, no causal effect of constipation on hypertension was found (OR: 0.999, 95% CI: 0.987-1.011, P = .834). In sensitivity analyses, these associations persisted and no multiple effects were found. This study suggests that there is a causal relationship between hypertension and constipation and that hypertension may increase the risk of developing constipation.
Air pollution exposure during pregnancy may affect fetal growth. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with reduced lung function in children that can persist into adulthood. Using an established model of asymmetrical FGR in Long-Evans rats, this study investigated sex differences in effects of early life ozone exposure on lung development and maturation. Adverse health effects for i) gestational exposure (with impacts on primary alveolarization), ii) peri-adolescent exposure (with impacts on secondary alveolarization), and iii) cumulative exposure across both periods were evaluated. Notably, female offspring were most affected by gestational ozone exposure, likely because of impaired angiogenesis and corresponding decreases in primary alveolarization. Females had diminished lung capacity, fewer mature alveoli, and medial hypertrophy of small and large pulmonary arteries. Males, especially FGR-prone offspring, were more affected by peri-adolescent ozone exposure. Males had increased ductal areas, likely due to disrupted secondary alveolarization. Altered lung development may increase risk of developing diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonary arterial hypertension disproportionately affects women. In the United States, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence is increasing, especially in women; and prevalence for both men and women is highest in urbanized areas. This investigation underlines the importance of evaluating results separately by sex, and provides biologic plausibility for later consequences of early-life exposure to ozone, a ubiquitous urban air pollutant.