anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
STUDY DESIGN: Double-center retrospective study.
PURPOSE: Utilization trends in interventional treatment for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) have not yet been examined. Furthermore, limited information is currently available on motor recovery with condoliase therapy. Therefore, the present study investigated utilization trends in treatment for LDH and the effects of condoliase therapy on muscle weakness.
METHODS: This retrospective, double-center study involved patients with leg pain caused by LDH who received interventional treatment between September 2017 and August 2022. LDH patients were divided into two groups: an operative treatment group and condoliase therapy group. The period between September 2017 and August 2022 was divided into 5 equal parts and changes in the percentage of intervention treatment were examined. Motor recovery was also assessed in the two groups. Patients receiving condoliase therapy were divided into two groups: an effective group and non-effective group. Sex, age, the body mass index, duration of symptoms, herniation level, neurological and radiographic findings, a visual analog scale for leg pain, and the Oswestry disability index were examined in the two groups.
RESULTS: Subjects included 226 males and 115 females with a mean age of 49.2 years, mean BMI of 22.8, and mean duration of symptoms of 5.0 months. The utilization of condoliase therapy for LDH surpassed surgery in the third year after its introduction. In the fourth year, condoliase therapy became the main treatment for LDH. Lower limb muscle strength improved in 76 % of cases receiving condoliase therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: Condoliase therapy has become an intermediate treatment before surgery in our institutions. Motor recovery in patients receiving condoliase therapy was not inferior to that after surgery; however, in cases with severe muscle weakness with manual muscle test ≤3, the improvement rate was approximately 60 %. These results will be useful for clinicians when providing informed consent and selecting condoliase therapy.
Dopamine Hydrochloride and 5% Dextrose Injection, USP is administered intravenously through a suitable intravenous catheter or needle. An IV drip chamber or other suitable metering device is essential for controlling the rate of flow in drops/minute. Each patient must be individually titrated to the desired hemodynamic and/or renal response with dopamine hydrochloride. In titrating to the desired increase in systolic blood pressure, the optimum dosage rate for renal response may be exceeded, thus necessitating a reduction in rate after the hemodynamic condition is stabilized.

Administration of dopamine hydrochloride at rates greater than 50 mcg/kg/min has safely been used in advanced circulatory decompensation states. If unnecessary fluid expansion is of concern, use of a more concentrated solution may be preferred over increasing the flow rate of a less concentrated solution.
OBJECTIVE: To create the prognostic scale based on some biomarkers after thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic repair.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 114 patients with aortic aneurysm/dissection. The following biomarkers were studied: proadrenomedullin, NT-proBNP, procalcitonin, interleukins 6, 8, 10, tumor necrosis factor, presepsin, highly sensitive troponin I. Stages of the study: before induction of anesthesia, at the end of surgery and 6 hours later.
RESULTS: The most informative predictors of postoperative complications were identified using comparative and ROC analyses: baseline presepsin≥204 pg/ml and interleukin 6 ≥4.3 pg/ml. The scale based on assessment of presepsin and troponin I at the end of surgery and preoperative risk allows analysis of the risk of complicated postoperative period. If all three predictors are present, the risk of complicated postoperative period increases by 1.96 times. The equation based on serum presepsin, interleukin-8 and interleukin-6/interleukin-10 ratio in 6 hours after surgery is characterized by acceptable characteristics (AUC 0.785, 95% CI 0.700-0.870).
CONCLUSION: An algorithm based on risk stratification consisting of 3 prognostic scales at various stages of perioperative period determines the probability of postoperative complications with sensitivity 67.2% and specificity 94.6%. The total share of correct predictions in this sample was 80.7±3.7%.
INTRODUCTION: Platelet transfusions are frequently used in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but contemporary epidemiological data are sparse. We aim to present contemporary international data on the use of platelet transfusions in adult ICU patients with thrombocytopenia.
METHODS: This is a protocol and statistical analysis plan for a post hoc sub-study of 504 thrombocytopenic patients from the 'Thrombocytopenia and platelet transfusions in ICU patients: an international inception cohort study (PLOT-ICU)'. The primary outcome will be the number of patients receiving platelet transfusion in the ICU reported according to the type of product received (apheresis-derived versus pooled whole-blood-derived transfusions). Secondary platelet transfusion outcomes will include platelet transfusion volumes; timing of platelet transfusion; approach to platelet transfusion dosing (fixed dosing versus weight-based dosing) and platelet count increments for prophylactic transfusions. Secondary clinical outcomes will include the number of patients receiving red blood cell- and plasma transfusions during ICU stay; the number of patients who bled in the ICU, the number of patients who had a new thrombosis in the ICU, and the number of patients who died. The duration of follow-up was 90 days. Baseline characteristics and secondary clinical outcomes will be stratified according to platelet transfusion status in the ICU and severity of thrombocytopenia. Data will be presented descriptively.
CONCLUSIONS: The outlined study will provide detailed epidemiological data on the use of platelet transfusions in adult ICU patients with thrombocytopenia using data from the large international PLOT-ICU cohort study. The findings will inform the design of future randomised trials evaluating platelet transfusions in ICU patients.
Scopolamine transdermal system is designed for continuous release of scopolamine following application to an area of intact skin on the head, behind the ear. Each system contains 1.237 mg of scopolamine base. Scopolamine is (9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate. The molecular formula is C17H21NO4 and its structural formula is:

Scopolamine has a molecular weight of 303.4 and a pKa of 7.55-7.81. The scopolamine transdermal system is a circular, 0.2 mm thick, 1.57 cm2 film with four layers. Proceeding from the visible surface towards the surface attached to the skin, these layers are: (1) a backing layer of tan-colored polyethylene/polyester film; (2) a drug layer of scopolamine, povidone and silicone adhesive; (3) a microporous polypropylene membrane that controls the rate of delivery of scopolamine from the system to the skin surface; and (4) a contact layer formulation of scopolamine, povidone and silicone adhesive. A protective, oversized release liner of fluorosilicone-coated polyester, which covers the adhesive formulation layer, is removed before the system is used.

Scopolamine transdermal systems are packaged with an additional piece of protective film covering the system within each pouch. This piece of protective film is removed and discarded at the time of use.

Cross section of the system:
Because impairments in executive functions (EFs), such as working memory, are associated with functional impairments in youth with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, strategies that target EFs are critical. Neuroplasticity-based cognitive training has been found to improve cognition in youth with ADHD and in adults with schizophrenia. In this trial, the investigators seek to extend the relevance of computerized cognitive training to youth with comorbid ADHD and Tourette Syndrome. Given the literature, the investigators hypothesize that computerized working memory training will produce gains in untrained cognitive tasks and behavioral ratings of executive functions in youth with ADHD+TS. The investigators will assess aspects of attention and executive functions in 30 affected youth and randomize them 1:1 to either neuroplasticity-based cognitive training or enjoyable age-appropriate computer games not intended to improve cognition. Cognition will be assessed again after 30 training sessions over 6 weeks and then again at a one-month follow-up.
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is acknowledged as a disease continuum. Despite catheter ablation being recommended as a primary therapy for AF, the high recurrence rates have tempered the initial enthusiasm. Insulin resistance (IR) has been established as an independent predictor for the onset of AF. However, the correlation between non-insulin-based IR indices and late AF recurrence in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation remains unknown.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 910 AF patients who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation was included in the analysis. The primary endpoint was late AF recurrence during the follow-up period after a defined blank period. The relationship between non-insulin-based IR indices and the primary endpoint was assessed using multivariate Cox hazards regression models and restricted cubic splines (RCS). Additionally, the net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement index were calculated to further evaluate the additional predictive value of the four IR indices beyond established risk factors for the primary outcome.
RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 12.00 months, 189 patients (20.77%) experienced late AF recurrence, which was more prevalent among patients with higher levels of IR. The multivariate Cox hazards regression analysis revealed a significant association between these IR indices and late AF recurrence. Among the four indices, METS-IR provided the most significant incremental effect on the basic model for predicting late AF recurrence. Multivariable-adjusted RCS curves illustrated a nonlinear correlation between METS-IR and late AF recurrence. In subgroup analysis, METS-IR exhibited a significant correlation with late AF recurrence in patients with diabetes mellitus (HR: 1.697, 95% CI 1.397 - 2.063, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: All the four non-insulin-based IR indices were significantly associated with late AF recurrence in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation. Addressing IR could potentially serve as a viable strategy for reducing the late AF recurrence rate.
PURPOSE:To prevent a microcapsule from transformation to jelly material after absorbing water, and to enable to adjust its water retention, i.e., its controlled release, freely by encompassing a polymer absorbent 1 such as a crosslinked polymer of polyacrylic acid, etc., with a hydrophilic porous wall material 2. CONSTITUTION:Water is absorbed by a powdery or granular polymer absorbent such as a crosslinked polymer of polyacrylic acid such as 'Aquakeep 4S (R)', and generated gel is mixed with amine, alcohol acid, or a compd. contg. an active hydrogen such as mercaptan. The mixture is dispersed uniformly in a water-insoluble org. solvent. An interfacial poycondensation (plyaddition) is carried out by adding an isocyanate or an epoxy compd., etc., to the liquid dispersion. After separating formed capsule-shaped product encompassing the polymer absorbent by filtration, etc., porous microcapsules having 5mum-10mm particle size are obtd. by drying the separated produce. Thus, porous microcapsules are obtd. without impairing water absorption of encompassed polymer absorbent. Problems concerning jellification after absorbing water are eliminated, and the water retention of the product is optionally adjustable. Accordingly, the product is utilizable as a release controllable carrier, etc.
The intervention group will undergo standard pre-operative care and will also be enrolled in a 12-week exercise program at the Reh-Fit Centre in Winnipeg. The Reh-Fit Centre is a non-profit organization with the mission to enhance the health and wellbeing of its members and the community by providing innovative health and fitness services. The intervention will be offered at no cost to the patient. It will involve regular supervised exercise sessions at the Reh-fit centre three times per week. Most patients will complete the intervention prior to commencing the liquid diet but will otherwise discontinue the program while on the diet two weeks prior to surgery.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under regional anesthesia alone has been reported only occasionally in the past; all these reports included patients unfit to receive general anesthesia, mainly patients with severe chronic obstructive airway disease. Regional anesthesia has been used for laparoscopy in fit patients almost exclusively in combination with general anesthesia, in order to extend the analgesic effect during the early postoperative period. Surprisingly, in the era of minimally invasive medicine, regional anesthesia has not gained popularity, and has not been routinely used as a sole method of anesthesia in laparoscopic procedures. It is generally accepted that all laparoscopic procedures are merely a change in access and still require general anesthetic; hence the difference from conventional surgery is likely to be small. This statement is predominantly based on the assumption that laparoscopy necessitates endotracheal intubation to prevent aspiration and respiratory embarrassment secondary to the induction of CO2 pneumoperitoneum which in turn is not well tolerated in a patient who is awake during the procedure. However, it is surprising that regional anesthesia has been successfully used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients unfit to have the procedure under general anesthesia, but has not been tested in fit patients, in whom any presumed risk would be, theoretically, much lower. We have recently shown in a pilot study the feasibility to perform successfully and safely laparoscopic cholecystectomy with low pressure CO2 pneumoperitoneum under spinal anesthesia alone, in fit patients with symptomatic gallstone disease. We have also noticed that spinal anesthesia results in exceptionally minimal postoperative pain. After this pilot study, we designed a controlled randomized trial in order to compare spinal anesthesia with the standard general anesthesia for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in fit patients.
Starting dose of Temsirolimus 25 mg by vein weekly. Metformin titrated over 3 weeks at 500 mg by mouth daily. Four weeks of treatment constitute 1 cycle. Cycle one (1) however, will be 6 weeks long to allow for metformin titration.
Patients receive venetoclax PO QD on days 2-14, ibrutinib PO QD on days 1-14, prednisone PO QD on days 1-7, obinutuzumab IV on days 1 and 2, and Revlimid PO QD on days 1-14 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo blood sample collection, PET, CT and/or MRI and optional tumor biopsy and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy throughout the study.
Pulmonary fibrosis involves destruction of the lung parenchyma and extracellular matrix deposition. Effective treatments for pulmonary fibrosis are lacking and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Studies have found that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) plays an important role in progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, an in-depth exploration of its mechanism might identify new therapeutic targets. In this study, we revealed that a novel circular RNA, MKLN1 (circMKLN1), was significantly elevated in two pulmonary fibrosis models (intraperitoneally with PQ, 50 mg/kg for 7 days, and intratracheally with BLM, 5 mg/kg for 28 days). Additionally, circMKLN1 was positively correlated with the severity of pulmonary fibrosis. Inhibition of circMKLN1 expression significantly reduced collagen deposition and inhibited EMT in AECs. EMT was aggravated after circMKLN1 overexpression in AECs. MiR-26a-5p/miR-26b-5p (miR-26a/b), the targets of circMKLN1, were confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. CircMKLN1 inhibition elevated miR-26a/b expression. Significantly decreased expression of CDK8 (one of the miR-26a/b targets) was observed after inhibition of circMKLN1. EMT was exacerbated again, and CDK8 expression was significantly increased after circMKLN1 inhibition and cotransfection of miR-26a/b inhibitors in AECs. Our research indicated that circMKLN1 promoted CDK8 expression through sponge adsorption of miR-26a/b, which regulates EMT and pulmonary fibrosis. This study provides a theoretical basis for finding new targets or biomarkers in pulmonary fibrosis.
Participants will attend the Horizons HIV Prevention Program with an extra workshop on nutrition health promotion. Participants will attend a total of two (2) 5-hour workshops over 2 consecutive Saturdays. They will be led by African American health educators, and have about 8-12 other young women participants. The workshops will discuss gender and ethnic pride, self-esteem, good role models, and how to reduce risky sexual behavior. The nutrition health promotion workshop will give ideas on healthy nutrition and exercise. Participants will be asked to rate the workshop anonymously.
Parallel group comparison, single p.o. dose escalation (3 dose levels) of 4 forms investigational study drug and placebo administered to two sequential cohorts. Dose Level 1 will be administered to the first cohort. Dose Levels 2 and 3 will be administered to a subsequent cohort. Dose levels in this cohort are separated by a 7-day washout period. Doses to be determined by review of data from Part 1.
Individually titrate tramadol hydrochloride extended-release tablets by 100 mg every five days to a dose that provides adequate analgesia and minimizes adverse reactions. The maximum daily dose of tramadol hydrochloride extended-release tablets is 300 mg per day.

Continually reevaluate patients receiving tramadol hydrochloride extended-release tablets to assess the maintenance of pain control, signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal, and other adverse reactions as well as to reassess for the development of addiction, abuse, or misuse [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.18)]. Frequent communication is important among the prescriber, other members of the healthcare team, the patient, and the caregiver/family during periods of changing analgesic requirements, including initial titration. During use of opioid therapy for an extended period of time, periodically reassess the continued need for the use of opioid analgesics.

Patients who experience breakthrough pain may require a dosage adjustment of tramadol hydrochloride extended-release tablets, or may need rescue medication with an appropriate dose of an immediate-release analgesic. If the level of pain increases after dosage stabilization, attempt to identify the source of increased pain before increasing the tramadol hydrochloride extended-release tablets dosage.

If after increasing the dosage, unacceptable opioid-related adverse reactions are observed (including an increase in pain after dosage increase), consider reducing the dosage [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]. Adjust the dosage to obtain an appropriate balance between management of pain and opioid-related adverse reactions.
Children will receive a virtual reality rehabilitation protocol for their most affected upper limb for four weeks, on the basis of three sessions a week, in addition to their usual care. Virtual reality will be applied to participants for 30 minutes and will be based on two perceptual-motor tasks.
Safety and effectiveness in the pediatric population has not been established [see  Boxed Warning and  Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . 

Decreased appetite and weight loss have been observed in association with the use of SSRIs and SNRIs. Perform regular monitoring of weight and growth in children and adolescents treated with an SNRI such as Duloxetine Delayed-release Capsules.

Duloxetine administration to young rats from post-natal day 21 (weaning) through post-natal day 90 (adult) resulted in decreased body weights that persisted into adulthood, but recovered when drug treatment was discontinued; slightly delayed (~1.5 days) sexual maturation in females, without any effect on fertility; and a delay in learning a complex task in adulthood, which was not observed after drug treatment was discontinued. These effects were observed at the high dose of 45 mg/kg/day; the no-effect-level was 20 mg/kg/day.

Information describing two additional clinical studies performed by Eli Lilly and Company that failed to demonstrate pediatric efficacy is approved for Eli Lilly and Company's Duloxetine Delayed-release Capsules. However, due to Eli Lilly and Company's marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that pediatric information.
(1) Background: Sequels of facial palsy lead to major psychosocial repercussions, disrupting patients' quality of life (QoL). Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections can permit us to treat long-standing facial palsy, improving facial symmetry and functional signs including synkinesis and contractures. (2) Methods: The main aim of this study was to assess the evolution of the QoL for patients with long-standing facial palsy before, at 1 month, and at 4 months after BoNT injections by using three questionnaires (HFS-30, FaCE, and HAD). The other goals were to find clinical factors associated with the improvement in the QoL and to assess the HFS-30 questionnaire for patients with unilateral facial palsy (3) Results: Eighty-eight patients were included in this study. There was a statistically significant improvement in QoL at 1 month after injections, assessed using the three questionnaires. This improvement was sustained at 4 months after the injections, with a statistically significant difference for the HFS-30 and FaCE questionnaires. (4) Conclusions: This study showed that the BoNT injections lead to a significant increase in the QoL of patients with unilateral facial palsy. This improvement is sustained 4 months after the injections.
Jojoba alcohol, a mixture of long chain monounsaturated alcohols, is an oily liquid at moderate ambient temperatures. It is readily absorbed by human skin where it relieves irritation and inhibits the formation of lesions caused by viruses. The inhibitory action is applicable to enveloped viruses such as herpes simplex, which express as sores at dermal surfaces in humans. When applied topically to an incipent herpes episode, it will quickly penetrate the epidermis to the subdermal vascular cells and suppress viral replication which leads to inflammation and the formation of blisters on the face, genital and other skin and mucosal areas. Compositions of certain low molecular weight organic acids in jojoba alcohol enhance antiviral activity. Jojoba alcohol is a carrier and transdermal delivery system for these and other pharmacologically active agents for the relief of pain and treatment of other conditions which occur at or under the surface of the skin. Topically applied jojoba alcohol is non-toxic and safe for animals and humans.
Patients who are currently under the care of a physician for treatment of RP, currently on treatment for RP, and have had an episode (recurrence of typical pericarditis pain associated with supportive objective evidence of pericarditis) in the last 3 years prior to enrollment. Once included in the registry, these patients will have both retrospective and prospective follow-up and data collection (hybrid design).