anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
FIELD: chemistry of peptides. SUBSTANCE: claimed method comprises consecutive stages of protection of α--amino group of glutamic acid, activation of α-- carboxy group of glutamic acid by formation of activated rester, reaction with tryptophan of activated ester, detachment of protective groups of hydrogenated product of reaction with tryptophan in the presence of palladium catalyst and hydrogen donor, and recovery of the final product. Protection of α--amino group of glutamic acid is carried out by reacting glutamic acid with excessive amount of carbobenzoxy chloride in alkaline medium. Activation of α--carboxy group of glutamic acid is carried out by reacting benzyloxy-carbonyl-L-glutamic acid with excessive amount of polyformaldehyde to produce 3-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-oxazolidin-5-one-4-yl) propionic acid, and hydrogenation product in alcoholic aqueous solution is treated with equimolar amount of acid or inorganic alkali or alkaline-earth metal compound. Inorganic alkali metal compound includes sodium and potassium bicarbonates and alkaline-earth metal includes magnesium and potassium hydroxides. EFFECT: simpler and cheaper process and increased yield of the desired product. 5 cl
The frequency of liver diseases in the intensive care unit has increased significantly in recent years and is now observed in up to 20% of critically ill patients. The occurrence of liver disease is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Two groups of liver diseases in the intensive care unit can be distinguished. First, the group of "primary hepatic dysfunctions", which includes primary acute liver failure as well as acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with pre-existing liver cirrhosis. The second group of "secondary or acquired liver diseases" includes cholestatic liver diseases, as well as hypoxic liver injury and mixed forms, as well as other rarer liver diseases. Due to the diversity of liver diseases and the very different triggers, sufficient knowledge of the underlying changes (including hemodynamic changes, inflammatory states or drug-related) is essential. Early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of the underlying disease are essential for all liver dysfunction in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. This review article aims to take a closer look at liver diseases in the intensive care unit and provides insight into diagnostics and treatment options.
Threads, cords, ribbons, tubes, and the like are made from a polyvinyl compound which contains no alcoholic radicals or does not contain exclusively alcoholic radicals, or from a mixture of such compounds with one another or with other substances.  The products are intended for use as substitutes for catgut, silk, twine, horsehair, and other surgical materials for sutures.  One or more steps in the manufacture are preferably carried out under sterilizing conditions at temperatures above 100 DEG  C.  A substance may be added to promote resorbtion, e.g. 5--10 per cent of gelatine or gums; starch or the like; electrolytes such as oxalic, malic and lactic acids; sulpho-salicylic acid, benzene sulphonic acid, toluene sulphonic acid, trichlor-acetic acid, glycocoll, asparaginic acid, phenyl - hydrazine hydrochloride, and inorganic electrolytes such as borax, nickel nitrate and potassium bichromate; these additions may be made to the spinning solution. Substances may be added to increase the strength, e.g. sulphocyano compounds, or a sugar.  Further additions of a bactericidal substance, e.g. esters of aromatic acids, salts or sols of metals such as silver, mercury, bismuth and arsenic, and sulphur compounds may be made.  Therapeutically active substances may be incorporated, e.g. substances promoting granulation, or having a vasomotor action, or an astringent or styptic action, tinctures, drugs, antitoxins, sera, radioactive preparations &c. Specifications 386,161 and 393,505 are referred to.ALSO:Threads, cords, ribbons, tubes, and the like are made from a polyvinyl compound which contains no alcoholic radicals or does not contain exclusively alcoholic radicals, or from a mixture of such compounds with one another or with other substances.  The products are intended for use as substitutes for catgut, silk, twine, horsehair, and other surgical materials for sutures.  One or more steps in the manufacture are preferably carried out under sterilizing conditions at temperatures above 100 DEG  C.  A substance may be added to promote resorbtion, e.g. 5-10 per cent of gelatine or gums; starch or the like; electrolytes such as oxalic, malic, and lactic acids; sulpho-salicylic acid, benzene-sulphonic acid, toluene sulphonic acid, trichlor-acetic acid, glycocoll, asparaginic acid, phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride, and inorganic electrolytes such as borax, nickel nitrate and potassium bichromate; these additions may be made to the spinning solution.  Substances may be added to increase the strength, e.g. sulphocyano compounds, or a sugar.  Further additions of a bactericidal substance e.g. esters of aromatic acids, salts or sols of metals such as silver, mercury, bismuth and arsenic, and sulphur compounds may be made.  Therapeutically active substances may be incorporated, e.g. substances promoting granulation, or having a vasomotor action, or an astringent or styptic action, tinctures, drugs, antitoxins, sera, radioactive preparations &c. Specifications 386,161, and 393,505, [Group IV], are referred to.
Patients wear a wrist actigraph and complete a sleep diary and worry record daily in weeks 1 and 5. This is a wait-list comparison, so after six weeks, patients in the control group complete the behavioral (cognitive-behavioral therapy)intervention for worry, uncertainty, and insomnia.
Background: Cholecystectomy has been a subject of debate regarding its timing and utility in cases of mild and moderately severe acute pancreatitis (AP). We aimed to critically evaluate the role of early cholecystectomy in the management of mild and moderate AP, considering patient's characteristics, associated procedures, and overall impact on patient outcomes. Methods: The study compared the outcomes between patients admitted in a tertiary care surgical center undergoing early ( 96h) versus delayed ( 96h) laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for mild and moderately severe acute gallstone pancreatitis between January 2019 and December 2022. Results: The study included 54 cases [mean (standard deviation) age, 59.4 (16.5) years; 31 (57.4%) years females]. All patients underwent LC, with 29 cases undergoing a two-phase therapeutic regimen for common bile duct (CBD) lithiasis, consisting of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography followed by sequential LC. The early cholecystectomy group (EC) comprised 17 patients (31.5%), while the delayed cholecystectomy group (DC) included 37 patients (68.5%). EC was significantly correlated with lower length of stay (p-value 0.0001) and significantly lower rate of ERCP usage during perioperative period. Conclusions: EC in the first 4 days after admission provides significant benefits such as prevention of recurrent pancreatitis, reduction in complications, and decreased length of stay for patients with mild and moderately severe AP.
Recurrent forms of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) pose an unmet challenge to nephrologists, both in terms of understanding the underlying pathophysiology and in terms of identifying an effective management strategy of this disease, which frequently leads to kidney graft loss. In the past few decades, experimental observations both in patients and in animal models have led to the hypothesis of the existence of circulating factors driving the loss of integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier in FSGS. Although different circulating factor candidates have been postulated, none has been unequivocally shown to be pathogenic. In the current study, Shirai et al. propose a new candidate for this role by identifying circulating anti-nephrin autoantibodies in a cohort of patients with post-transplant recurrence of primary FSGS. Recent evidence by Watts et al. has also identified anti-nephrin autoantibodies in the circulation and in the kidney biopsies of patients with minimal change disease. If confirmed, the identification of these autoantibodies would both contribute to identifying the elusive circulating factor in FSGS and increase our understanding of the spectrum of proteinuric glomerular lesions, spanning from minimal change disease to FSGS. The quest for the Holy Grail is perhaps closer to completion.
All participants were treated with Peginterferon alfa-2a+Ribavirin (Pegasys/Copegus) according to the summary of product characteristics and to the investigator's discretion. The daily recommended dose for Pegasys, for the treatment of chronic Hepatitis C, was 180 micrograms once weekly by subcutaneous administration. Copegus was administered orally in doses according to the physician's decision (depending on the participant's weight and genotype). All participants were observed for 12 months.
Mothers of adolescents with type 1 diabetes experience high levels of depressive symptoms, which impair their ability to monitor and manage diabetes treatment effectively. The regimen recommended for type 1 diabetes is complex and demanding, and caregivers - especially mothers - experience stress related to the burden of treatment management. This stress is associated with increased risk for psychosocial problems in caregivers, with rates of clinically significant depressive symptoms evident in up to 61% of parents. Further, maternal depressive symptoms are one of the strongest predictors of negative outcomes in adolescents, including deteriorating glycemic control, problems with adherence, poorer quality of life, and greater risk for depression. Given that adolescents are a high-risk population for suboptimal glycemic control - with only 17% meeting treatment goals - there is a critical need for novel interventions to improve outcomes in adolescents with T1D. Yet, previous behavioral interventions for youth with diabetes have had only modest effects on glycemic control, and none have directly targeted maternal depressive symptoms. Responding to the American Diabetes Association's call to address the psychosocial needs of people with diabetes and their family members, the proposed project has the potential to improve outcomes in both adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their mothers.

Building on effective interventions to treat depression in adults, and our own pilot work in this population, the proposed study will use a rigorous approach to evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for mothers of adolescents with type 1 diabetes to promote the use of adaptive coping strategies and positive parenting practices. The aims of this study are to: 1) evaluate the effects of the Communication \& Coping intervention on diabetes-related outcomes; 2) evaluate the effects of the Communication \& Coping intervention on psychosocial outcomes; and 3) explore the differential impact of the intervention across demographic factors. Mothers who are randomized to the Communication \& Coping Intervention will receive individual cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions by phone, as well as access to a Facebook group to augment the material covered in calls and provide social support. Mothers randomized to the Attention Control condition will receive educational materials and phone check-ins, as well as a Facebook group with educational posts. Adolescents and their mothers will be assessed at baseline and again post-intervention, at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. We hypothesize that the adolescents of mothers who receive the intervention will demonstrate improvements in diabetes outcomes (i.e., glycemic control, adherence), as well as psychosocial outcomes (i.e., improved quality of life, fewer depressive symptoms) compared to those in the attention control condition. This approach is innovative by targeting maternal depressive symptoms and the quality of parental involvement in mothers of adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
* Inject the single-dose epinephrine injection intramuscularly or subcutaneously into the anterolateral aspect of the thigh, through clothing if necessary. Do not inject intravenously, and do not inject into buttocks, into digits, hands or feet [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
  * Instruct caregivers of young children who are prescribed an epinephrine injection and who may be uncooperative and kick or move during an injection to hold the leg firmly in place and limit movement prior to and during an injection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].   

  * Each epinephrine injection is a single-dose of epinephrine injection for single use. Since the doses of epinephrine delivered from epinephrine injection are fixed, consider using other forms of injectable epinephrine if doses lower than 0.15 mg are deemed necessary. 
  * With severe persistent anaphylaxis, repeat injections with an additional epinephrine injection may be necessary. More than two sequential doses of epinephrine should only be administered under direct medical supervision [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. 
  * The epinephrine solution in the viewing window of epinephrine injection should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration.
Although most commonly associated with infection, elevated temperature and fever also occur in a variety of critically ill populations. Prior studies have suggested that fever and elevated temperature may be detrimental to critically ill patients and can lead to poor outcomes, but the evidence surrounding the association of fever with outcomes is rapidly evolving. To broadly assess potential associations of elevated temperature and fever with outcomes in critically ill adult patients, we performed a systematic literature review focusing on traumatic brain injury, stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic), cardiac arrest, sepsis, and general intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Searches were conducted in Embase® and PubMed® from 2016 to 2021, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, including dual-screening of abstracts, full texts, and extracted data. In total, 60 studies assessing traumatic brain injury and stroke (24), cardiac arrest (8), sepsis (22), and general ICU (6) patients were included. Mortality, functional, or neurological status and length of stay were the most frequently reported outcomes. Elevated temperature and fever were associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury, stroke, and cardiac arrest but not in patients with sepsis. Although a causal relationship between elevated temperature and poor outcomes cannot be definitively established, the association observed in this systematic literature review supports the concept that management of elevated temperature may factor in avoidance of detrimental outcomes in multiple critically ill populations. The analysis also highlights gaps in our understanding of fever and elevated temperature in critically ill adult patients.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an anhydrous composition capable of giving a bleaching composition having considerably improved property to keep constant viscosity with time by including a specific nonionic amphiphatic polymer and a water-soluble thickening polymer. SOLUTION: (A) A water-soluble thickening polymer (e.g. guar gum) and (B) a nonionic amphiphatic polymer having aliphatic chain (e.g. a 10-20C alkyl polyurethane) are included in an anhydrous bleaching composition containing an alkaline agent (e.g. an alkali metal metasilicate) and a peroxide salt (e.g. sodium persulfate). The compounding amount of the component A and the component B is preferably 0.03-30 wt.% each and the weight ratio of A/B is preferably 10/1 to 1/10. The composition may further contain an anionic amphiphatic polymer having aliphatic chain [e.g. Pemulen TR1 (commercial name)] in an amount of 0.03-30 wt.%.
Prednisone 40 mg days 1 to 4. Then Prednisone 20 mg days 5 to 8.
The study was designed according to the recommendations of the CONSORT statement for randomised trials of non-pharmacologic treatment. The study commenced in November 2009 after obtaining the ethical approvals from relevant authorities, and the trial has been registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01246687). After being screened for eligibility, 128 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) from the outpatient clinics at these hospitals were recruited into the study with informed consent. After the baseline data collection, the participants were randomised into the e-intervention (n=66) or the control (n=62) group. The e-intervention group received an intensive six-month dietary intervention through the study website, which was developed based on various established guidelines and recommendations but personalised according to the participants' DSOC, in addition to the usual standard treatment at the outpatient clinics. In contrast, the control group received the usual standard treatment given to patients with T2DM, and did not receive the website login information, or any reinforcement via e-mail or SMS. Data were collected at baseline, six months post-intervention and at 12 months follow-up. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used for this purpose. The anthropometry measurements, blood pressure and resting heart rate were measured at data collection. Details on the blood biomarkers were obtained from the hospital medical records. The statistical analysis revealed that myDIDeA was successful in improving overall DKAB score by improving the diabetes-related dietary knowledge and attitude of the participants. Besides, the intervention programme also have successfully improved the DSOC score of the intervention group, suggesting the participants were indeed making small but significant progress in changing their dietary behaviour. Improvement in the diet quality (improvement in vegetable intake and reduction in carbohydrate and protein intake), glycaemic control and total cholesterol have added credibility to this web-delivered intervention. The process evaluation of the study website revealed that on the average each participant logged in the website once a week and spent 11 minutes at the website per visit. The usability (facilitating conditions) scored the highest, while the acceptability (anxiety) scored the lowest.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicine for treating hypopyon caused by heat toxin, which belongs to the traditional Chinese medicine preparation method technical field. Currently, the treatment for treating hypopyon caused by heat toxin generally employs sulfonamides and antibiotics, and if penicillin is employed, skin test should be carried out in advance, and the usage of penicillin is forbidden if the result of the skin test presents positive. An allergic reaction is easily generated with penicillin. A technical scheme is characterized in that Ilextrotunda thumb, radices stellariae dichotomae, creeping oxalis, sandalwood, Veronicastrum Herb, Daghestan sweet clover Herb, coffee senna, common alstonia bark leaf, Herba Lopatheri, butterflybush flower, mung bean, dandelion, red-spotted stonecrop, Coptis Chinensis, Breynia fruticosa, small-leaved desmodium, wintercherry, Jeffersonia dubia, olive, Taenitis carnosa Mett, Creeping Rostellularia Herb, garcinia hanburyi, potentilla discolor, mulberry leaf, chrysanthemum, mint, periostracum cicadae, prunella vulgaris, cassia seed, Broomjutre Sida Herb and licorice are taken, the above 32 traditional Chinese medicines are placed in water for immersing, and then decocted by slow fire, filtered to remove the slag, and the decocted soup is the traditional Chinese medicine for treating hypopyon caused by heat toxin. The prepared traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages of small toxic and side effects, short treatment course and high cure rate. Different raw materials have different functions, and combination of the raw materials is proper and right.
Cardiac Electrophysiology

The effect of 10 mg and 30 mg solifenacin succinate (three times the maximum recommended dose) on the QT interval was evaluated at the time of peak plasma concentration of solifenacin in a multi-dose, randomized, double-blind, placebo and positive-controlled (moxifloxacin 400 mg) trial [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]. After receiving placebo and moxifloxacin sequentially, subjects were randomized to one of two treatment groups. One group (n=51) completed 3 additional sequential periods of dosing with solifenacin succinate 10, 20 and 30 mg while the second group (n=25) in parallel completed a sequence of placebo and moxifloxacin. Study subjects were female volunteers aged 19 to 79 years. The 30 mg dose of solifenacin succinate (three times the highest recommended dose) was chosen for use in this study because this dose results in a solifenacin exposure that covers those observed upon coadministration of 10 mg solifenacin succinate with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, 400 mg). Due to the sequential dose escalating nature of the study, baseline ECG measurements were separated from the final QT assessment (of the 30 mg dose level) by 33 days.

The median difference from baseline in heart rate associated with the 10 and 30 mg doses of solifenacin succinate compared to placebo was -2 and 0 beats/minute, respectively. Because a significant period effect on QTc was observed, the QTc effects were analyzed utilizing the parallel placebo control arm rather than the pre-specified intra-patient analysis. Representative results are shown in Table 2.

Moxifloxacin was included as a positive control in this study and, given the length of the study, its effect on the QT interval was evaluated in 3 different sessions. The placebo-subtracted mean changes (90% CI) in QTcF for moxifloxacin in the three sessions were 11 (7, 14), 12 (8, 17) and 16 (12, 21), respectively.

The QT interval prolonging effect of the highest solifenacin succinate dose (three times the maximum therapeutic dose) studied was not as large as that of the positive control moxifloxacin at its recommended dose. However, the confidence intervals overlapped and this study was not designed to draw direct statistical conclusions between the drugs or the dose levels.
BACKGROUND: Intra-thoracic organ bleeding and chest wall injury following chest trauma can easily lead to life-threatening emergencies and a delay in treatment may lead to fatal outcomes. Interestingly, the optimal timing, indications, and surgical techniques have not been standardized.
METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed 35 patients who underwent surgical treatment for chest trauma.
RESULTS: All patients with penetrating trauma (n=4) underwent emergency surgery for a hemothorax. There were no postoperative complications or hospital deaths. All patients with blunt trauma( n= 31) had multiple rib fractures;rib fixation was performed in 29 patients( 94%). Eight patients( 26%) had flail chest. The duration from injury to surgery averaged 7.5 days. The prognosis was generally favorable with no postoperative complications, but two patients died in the hospital due to multiple organ failure caused by high-energy trauma. Patients with flail chest or multiple organ injury had prolonged postoperative hospital stays.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients who sustain chest trauma follow various clinical courses. Appropriate timing of surgical intervention at an early stage after injury can be life saving and hasten a functional recovery.