anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
IUDs are the most frequently used method of reversible birth control. The placement procedure is straightforward, but can cause the women cramping and pain. Every woman is advised to take Ibuprofen or acetaminophen prior to her appointment. Gentle techniques and distraction are used to minimize discomfort. However, some women still have measurable pain during and immediately after the procedure.

Investigators have shown that infusion of 5cc of a 2% concentration of liquid lidocaine into the inside of the uterus can reduce the pain that is associated with other procedures, such as biopsies done of the lining of the uterus. The investigators seek to determine if a similar infusion made before IUD placement may reduce pain. Because pain is a subjective complaint and because plastic tubing is being used to sound the uterus instead of the usual metal probe (a uterine sound), the investigators have included a placebo arm with saline infusion. All women will receive oral medication in advance of IUD placement, so no woman will be subject to placebo only.

Those women undergoing routine screening for IUD candidacy will be approached. Medical and social history and routine laboratory testing are to be done. The risks, benefits, and side effects of IUD placement will be explained. They will sign consent forms for the IUD from both the manufacturer and the clinic before evaluation for possible inclusion in this study. Informed consent for the study will be obtained either at that visit or on the day of the IUD placement. All the routine IUD placement steps will be done and she will rate the pain score. A standardized pain scale from 1-10, with 10 being the worst pain in the patient's lifetime, will be used here and at every point in the study. Depth of the uterus will be determined by introducing a plastic tubing into the woman's uterus. This tubing will either be filled with 1.3cc of normal saline or 2% lidocaine. The liquid will be infused at certain points within the cervix and uterus. She will again be asked to rate her pain score for that procedure. The tubing will be removed and the IUD will be placed. After the IUD is in the correct position, but before removal of the tenaculum, she will again be asked to rate her pain score for that procedure. After the IUD placement procedure is complete and the patient is dressed, she will be asked to assign an overall pain score. Pain scores between placebo and study drug used will be compared (mean, median and range). Fisher T tests will be performed to determine statistical significance with the p\< 0.05 as a cutoff. Sub-analysis will be done comparing scores of which women who have never been pregnant to those who have. If possible, comparisons of pain scores will be made for women who have had vaginal deliveries compared to those who delivered by C-section. The risks to the patient for this study intervention are minimal.
UNLABELLED: Actuality. The incidence of urinary stone disease (USD) of the Russian Federation population has increased by approximately in 34,1% with manifestation at the age of 40 to 50 years. There is a high probability of recurrence with up to 50% experiencing a recurrence within 5 years. Despite the existing advances in the field of metaphylaxis of USD, surgical reinterventions are still performed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 300 patients with urolithiasis were performed ureteroscopic interventions at S.S. Yudin City Clinical Hospital between September 2021 and November 2022. Depending on the episode of calculus formation, patients were divided into two groups - 184 (61.3%) patients with a first episode of USD and 116 (38.7%) cases of recurrence urolithiasis. All patients underwent multispiral computed tomography without the introduction of a contrast agent. To assess pain in renal colic, a visual analogue scale, a numeric pain rating scale and a faces pain scale were used.
RESULTS: The median duration of surgery was 30 min in group 1 and 40 min in group 2. Long-term drainage of the urinary tract after removal of the calculus with internal ureteral stent was in 45 (24.5%) individuals of group 1 and in 43 (37.1%) individuals in group 2. Complications were assessed using PULS (Postureteroscopic Lesion Scale), Satava scale and Clavien-Dindo classification. There were no complications in 98,4% cases in patients with a first episode of USD and in 93,1% in patients with recurrence urolithiasis (p=0,03) due to Clavien-Dindo classification, in 97,8% and 87,9 % respectively (p=0,0007) due to Satava scale. The median time period for stent removal in group 1 was 4 days, and for group 2 - 15 days.
CONCLUSION: Ureteroscopic surgeries for patients with recurrent urolithiasis were associated with an increased risk of complications that require long-term drainage and endoscopic reinterventions and hospitalizations. Low patient compliance leads to development of recurrence urolithiasis.
In this randomized, controlled study, participants will receive two applications of approximately a three-minute duration, one intranasal (active) and one extranasal (control), in randomized sequence at Visit 2 (Day 1). At Visits 3 (Day 15) and 4 (Day 29), participants will undergo two applications of approximately an eight-minute duration, one intranasal (active) and one extranasal (control), in randomized sequence. The Schirmer test is a clinically relevant and accepted measure to assess tear production over a specified time interval, generally five minutes. Tear meniscus height (TMH) and, to a lesser extent, tear meniscus area (TMA) have been reported as measures of tear quantity and/or production and have been used to diagnose dry eye disease (DED). One reliable means of measuring TMH and TMA is via use of optical coherence tomography (OCT), an established medical imaging technique that uses light to capture micrometer-resolution images from within optical scattering media such as biological tissue. Due to the non-invasive nature of the technique, this study was designed to explore the utility of TMH and TMA captured by OCT as a means of evaluating stimulated tear production following use of the study device.
Adults

The recommended starting dose of lurasidone hydrochloride tablets is 20 mg given once daily as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate. Initial dose titration is not required. Lurasidone hydrochloride have been shown to be effective in a dose range of 20 mg per day to 120 mg per day as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]. The maximum recommended dose, as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate, is 120 mg per day. In the monotherapy study, the higher dose range (80 mg to 120 mg per day) did not provide additional efficacy, on average, compared to the lower dose range (20 to 60 mg per day) [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]. 

Pediatric Patients (10 to 17 years)

The recommended starting dose of lurasidone hydrochloride tablets is 20 mg given once daily as monotherapy. Initial dose titration is not required. The dose may be increased after one week based on clinical response. Lurasidone hydrochloride has been shown to be effective in a dose range of 20 mg per day to 80 mg per day as monotherapy. At the end of the clinical study, most of the patients (67%) received 20 mg or 40 mg once daily [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]. The maximum recommended dose is 80 mg per day.

The efficacy of lurasidone hydrochloride tablets in the treatment of mania associated with bipolar disorder has not been established.
BACKGROUND: Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) functions as a contraceptive method by inhibiting the secretion of gonadotropins, which prevents follicular maturation and ovulation, as well as thinning of the endometrium leading to unscheduled vaginal bleeding and subsequent discontinuation of DMPA. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of clomiphene citrate (CC) in stopping bleeding among DMPA users.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We randomly assigned 200 DMPA users using a computer-generated random numbers table in a 1:1 ratio to one of two groups; the study group, which received CC at a dose of 50 mg twice daily for five days (n = 100), and the control group, which received a placebo for five days (n = 100). Our primary outcome measure was the onset and duration of bleeding cessation. Secondary outcomes included endometrial thickness, recurrence of vaginal bleeding, and any reported side effects associated with CC use.
RESULTS: Clomiphene citrate significantly resulted in early cessation of vaginal bleeding in 83 % of the patients, which continued for three months of follow-up. In addition, the recurrence of vaginal bleeding was significantly reduced in the CC group compared to the control group (11 % vs. 67 %; p < 0.001). Endometrial thickness was significantly greater in the CC group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Breast tenderness was more frequently reported in the study group, with no difference in dyspareunia between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Clomiphene citrate is effective in controlling bleeding among DMPA users. Further studies are encouraged to confirm our findings.
Acetaminophen   
There have been post-marketing reports of hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis associated with the use of acetaminophen. Clinical signs included swelling of the face, mouth, and throat, respiratory distress, urticaria, rash, pruritus, and vomiting. There were infrequent reports of life-threatening anaphylaxis requiring emergency medical attention. Discontinue COMBOGESIC IV immediately if symptoms associated with allergy or hypersensitivity occur. Do not use COMBOGESIC IV in patients with acetaminophen allergy.

Ibuprofen   
NSAIDS, including the ibuprofen in COMBOGESIC IV, has been associated with anaphylactic reactions in patients with and without known hypersensitivity to ibuprofen and in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.9)]. Discontinue COMBOGESIC IV immediately if symptoms associated with allergy or hypersensitivity occur.
Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are independent risk factors for insulin resistance, systemic hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Both obesity and OSA are associated with increased sympathetic activity, inflammatory activity, and oxidative stress, the presumed mediators of their shared clinical consequences. Due to the conflicting results of previous intervention studies treating OSA patients with CPAP, the investigators still do not know if treatment of obese OSA patients has a substantial benefit on these risk factors. In Aim 1, to determine the effects of obesity on the response to CPAP treatment in OSA patients, the investigators will compare responses in daytime sleepiness, insulin resistance, and arterial blood pressure following CPAP treatment in obese and lean OSA patients, stratified by the amount of abdominal visceral adipose tissue, a fat depot associated with increased sympathetic activity, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and a more powerful predictor than BMI of adverse cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes. Aim 2 will determine the effect of CPAP treatment in these two patients groups on sympathetic activity, and inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. The overall hypothesis is that, adjusting for OSA severity and obtaining normative data from non-OSA subjects with comparable amounts of visceral adiposity (Aim 3), the two OSA groups will have comparable improvements in daytime sleepiness, but that the cardiovascular and metabolic improvements following CPAP therapy will be decreased in OSA patients with increased visceral adipose tissue. The investigators anticipate that, although there will be a greater absolute change in markers of sympathetic activity, inflammation and oxidative stress in obese compared to lean OSA patients following CPAP treatment, the levels will still be abnormally high in the obese patients resulting in the decreased improvements in insulin resistance, arterial blood pressure, and vascular health in obese versus lean OSA patients. Relevance: Obese patients are at increased risk of developing sleep apnea. Both obesity and sleep apnea are felt to increase the risk of diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The proposed research will begin to determine if treating obese patients with sleep apnea helps to reduce these risks. If the beneficial effects of CPAP treatment are reduced in obese compared to lean patients with sleep apnea, then treatment of sleep apnea in obese patients needs to be combined with effective management of their obesity.
In Cohort 2 - NACT + Interval Surgery, subjects must already have received three (3) cycles of paclitaxel and carboplatin neoadjuvant therapy. Subjects in Cohort 2 - NACT + Interval Surgery will receive three (3) cycles of chemotherapy with placebo comparator given at four (4) cycles (Cycle 4, Cycle 6, Cycle 6 plus 6 weeks and Cycle 6 plus 18 weeks).
N-Dodecyl -L-piperidyl carbonyl-L-transmethyl prolyl cyclopeptide of formula (I) and its acid addn. salts are new. (I) is prepd. by reaction of the cyclopeptide (II) with N-dodecyl piperidine -2- carboxylic acid (III) or a reactive deriv. of this acid. This reaction may be effected in the presence of a carbodiimide such as dicylohexyl carbodiimide and 1-hydroxy benzotriazole in an organic solvent at 0-30 deg.C. Reactive derivs. of (III) that may be used include the azide, esters, and mixed anhydrides. Cpds. (I) are anti-tubercular agents and Gram positive and negative bactericides.
Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) is the most commonly mutated oncogene in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We have previously reported the interactions between microsatellite instability (MSI), DNA promoter methylation, and gene expression. In this study, we looked for associations between KRAS mutation, gene expression, and methylation that may help with precision medicine. Genome-wide gene expression and DNA methylation were done in paired CRC tumor and surrounding healthy tissues. The results suggested that (a) the magnitude of dysregulation of many major gene pathways in CRC was significantly greater in patients with the KRAS mutation, (b) the up- and down-regulation of these dysregulated gene pathways could be correlated with the corresponding hypo- and hyper-methylation, and (c) the up-regulation of CDKN2A was more pronounced in tumors with the KRAS mutation. A recent cell line study showed that there were higher CDKN2A levels in 5-FU-resistant CRC cells and that these could be down-regulated by Villosol. Our findings suggest the possibility of a better response to anti-CDKN2A therapy with Villosol in KRAS-mutant CRC. Also, the more marked up-regulation of genes in the proteasome pathway in CRC tissue, especially with the KRAS mutation and MSI, may suggest a potential role of a proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib, carfilzomib, or ixazomib) in selected CRC patients if necessary.
The study investigated a profile of chemokines and growth factors in the aqueous humor (AH) of eyes with Fuch's endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and cataracts in comparison with cataract patients as a control group. A total of 52 AH samples (26 FECD + cataract and 26 cataract/control) were collected before cataract surgery. None of the patients had any clinically apparent inflammation at the time of AH collection. The AH levels of MCP-1 (CCL2), MIP-1α (CCL3), MIP-1β(CCL4), RANTES (CCL5), eotaxin (CCL11), IP-10 (CXCL10), FGF basic, G-CSF, GM-CSF, PDGF-bb, and VEGF were compared between the groups. The analyses were performed using the Bio-Plex 200 System from Bio-Rad. Among the studied parameters, the AH levels of RANTES, eotaxin, and IP-10 significantly increased in the FECD + cataract eyes, compared with the cataract controls (p < 0.05). Elevated levels of the RANTES, Eotaxin, and IP-10 indicate more intense inflammation in the eyes of patients in the FECD + cataract group. Moreover, these factors exhibit potential as predictive biomarkers for early detection of FECD in cataract patients. The discovery of elevated concentrations of biochemical markers in a patient, who has not yet received a clinical diagnosis, may suggest the need for heightened observation of the other eye to monitor the potential development of FECD.
Via a user interface of an electronic device, virtual representations of an implantable pulse generator (IPG), an external pulse generator (EPG), and an implantable lead are displayed. A detection is made that the EPG has been selected. In response to the selection of the EPG, a first workflow is made automatically available. The first workflow is associated with using a Percutaneous Nerve Evaluation (PNE) needle to investigate an optimum location for implanting the implantable lead. A detection is made that the implantable lead has been coupled to the IPG or the EPG. In response to the coupling of the implantable lead to the IPG or the EPG, a second workflow is made automatically available. The second workflow is associated with evaluating a patient physiological response at least in part by using the implantable lead to deliver electrical stimulation to the patient.
Depression is a life-threatening neurodegenerative disease lacking a complete cure. Cajaninstilbene acid (CSA), a potent stilbene compound, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects, however, studies on its antidepressant mechanisms are still scarce. This study examined the effects of CSA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression in mice, investigating its mechanisms related to inflammation and autophagy. Mice were treated with CSA (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg) daily for 3 weeks before intraperitoneal LPS injection (0.8 mg/kg). Another cohort underwent the same doses of CSA (7.5-30 mg/kg) daily for 6 weeks in accompany with CUMS stimulation. Behavioral assessments were conducted, and cortical samples were collected for molecular analysis. Findings indicate that CSA ameliorated depressive behaviors induced by both LPS and CUMS. Notably, CSA (15 mg/kg) reversed despair behavior in mice more persistently than amitriptyline, indicating that optimal doses of CSA may effectively decelerate the procession of mood despair and yield a good compliance. CSA countered CUMS-induced activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway and the reduction in autophagy levels. Furthermore, CSA attenuated the CUMS-induced decline in neuroplasticity. Collectively, these findings suggest that CSA mitigates depression-like behaviors in mice by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammation and enhancing autophagy. This research provides further insights into CSA's mechanisms of action in ameliorating depressive behaviors, offering a scientific foundation for developing CSA-based antidepressants.
A patch for treatment of lower limb phlebophlogosis comprises a medicine patch and an independent wetting bag, wherein the medicine patch comprises an adhesion layer, a medicine layer and a protective layer. The medicine layer is composed of annular medicine belts which are regularly distributed, and the annular medicine belts are disposed on surfaces of the adhesion layer. The adhesion layer between the annular medicine belts is provided with air holes, two sides of the adhesion layer are provided with reinforcement belts, and the reinforcement belts are provided with air holes. The independent wetting bag exists independently, and an inner side of the independent wetting bag is provided with wetting agents. Each annular medicine belt is composed of a layer of a thick non-woven fabric and a layer of a thin non-woven fabric, edges are pressed or seamed to form a cavity gap, high quality absorbent cotton is arranged inside the cavity gap, medicine powder is evenly scattered on the absorbent cotton in the production process, the wetting agents inside the wetting bag are evenly poured on the surfaces of the annular medicine belts when the patch is used, the wetting agents can be quickly absorbed by the absorbent cotton, and the powder is adequately wet. Compared with the prior art, the patch for the treatment of the lower limb phlebophlogosis has the advantages of being good in breathability, few in anaphylactic reactions, uniform in powder distribution, free of leaking, good in treatment effect, material-saving, and the like.
INTRODUCTION: Five of the neglected tropical diseases use a strategy of preventative chemotherapy distributed via mass drug administration (MDA) for all eligible people living in endemic areas. To be successful, high coverage must be sustained over multiple rounds. Therefore, it will be difficult to reach elimination as a public health problem using MDA if there remain clusters of people who have never been treated. The study aims to explore the reasons why people with high mobility report being never treated during MDA and to provide evidence to support the development of standardised questions for data collection using qualitative research tools.
METHODS: We conducted an exploratory study using qualitative methods among displaced people, nomads/transhumants and economic migrants who self-reported that they had never been treated during MDA in the health districts of Tominian and Kalabancoro in Mali. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions. Nvivo V.14 software was used for data management and analysis.
RESULTS: The main reasons reported for never treatment included: geographical mobility, lack of awareness/information, negative rumours, fear of side effects, conflict and insecurity and logistical difficulties faced in reaching these populations. Proposed solutions included involving communities in the MDA, increasing awareness and information campaigns, effectively managing side effects, and designing and implementing flexible and effective interventions.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights that there are people with high mobility who may never have been treated during any round of MDA. The reasons for never treatment highlight the challenges faced when reaching particular groups during MDA activities/interventions. Suggested remedies will require programmes to implement more flexible and tailored interventions. Customised approaches based on the context are essential to guarantee fair access to preventive chemotherapy. Effective interventions must consider the supply and demand side in crafting interventions. This research adds to the evidence base to understand never treatment, particularly among highly mobile population groups and in schistosomiasis elimination programmes.
Patients receive broxuridine IV over 30 minutes on day -1. Approximately 12-96 hours later, patients undergo surgery to remove the prostate.Tumor tissue is examined by immunostaining for the presence of broxuridine to determine doubling times of the tumor.
Six participants were bonded with 0.022 × 0.028 inch slot brackets (Ortho Smile) using pre-adjusted edgewise appliance with 0.022 MBT prescriptions. Local periodontal injection of dimethylsulfoxide at weekly interval (3 times). The gingival fluid volume will measured befor and after 1-1.5 hours after first injection. the same is done visit at the second and third visits. Pain during injection and treatment will be assessed using the FLACC scale and face scale.
This investigation is a single-center, two-phase, single-arm study. In order to detect a potential placebo effect, the treatment phase will be preceded by a single-blinded two-week placebo run-in phase, followed by a 12 week open-label treatment phase.
Participants receive their usual brand of smokeless tobacco at study visit 1, ZYN brand nicotine patch at study visit 2, and Rogue brand nicotine patch at study visit 3. Participants also undergo IV line insertion and collection of blood on study.
Aflibercept 2mg (Eylea) is intravitreally applied. The first treatment interval with aflibercept will be 4 weeks and corresponding to the treat and extend regime intervals will be increased in 2-weeks-steps.
Adults who were in the age group of 20 - 30 years was the first group. There were made two separate same age group one for rural and one for urban areas adults. Each areas age group consist 50 adults of 20-30 years.