anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The global prevalence of obesity has more than doubled over the past four decades, currently affecting more than a billion individuals. Beyond its recognition as a high-risk condition that is causally linked to many chronic illnesses, obesity has been declared a disease per se that results in impaired quality of life and reduced life expectancy. Notably, two-thirds of obesity-related excess mortality is attributable to cardiovascular disease. Despite the increasingly appreciated link between obesity and a broad range of cardiovascular disease manifestations including atherosclerotic disease, heart failure, thromboembolic disease, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death, obesity has been underrecognized and sub-optimally addressed compared with other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. In the view of major repercussions of the obesity epidemic on public health, attention has focused on population-based and personalized approaches to prevent excess weight gain and maintain a healthy body weight from early childhood and throughout adult life, as well as on comprehensive weight loss interventions for persons with established obesity. This clinical consensus statement by the European Society of Cardiology discusses current evidence on the epidemiology and aetiology of obesity; the interplay between obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac conditions; the clinical management of patients with cardiac disease and obesity; and weight loss strategies including lifestyle changes, interventional procedures, and anti-obesity medications with particular focus on their impact on cardiometabolic risk and cardiac outcomes. The document aims to raise awareness on obesity as a major risk factor and provide guidance for implementing evidence-based practices for its prevention and optimal management within the context of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention.
Induction phase: atezolizumab will be given intravenously (iv) at a dose of 1200 mg for 60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Subsequent atezolizumab cycles may be administered for 30 minutes, if there were no perfusion-related toxicity. Pemetrexed will be administered at a dose of 500 mg/m2 IV for 15 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. In addition, folic acid, vitamin B12, and dexamethasone 4 mg will be given the day before and the day after treatment with pemetrexed. Carboplatin will be given at a dose with an area under the 5 curve for 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle, approximately 30 minutes after the pemetrexed infusion is complete. After completing 4 to 6 cycles of Carboplatino plus pemetrexed and atezolizumab, patients will continue with pemetrexed in combination with atezolizumab (maintenance phase) until they have an unacceptable toxicity, progression of the disease, decision of the patient/physician or have Completed 2 years of treatment.
Together with visual and vestibular input the cervical spine is vital for sensorimotor control of head and eye movement control, general body postural stability adjustments and co-ordination. Altered cervical input in persons with neck disorders can lead to signs and symptoms of impaired sensorimotor control across and within several domains. Clinical assessment for differential diagnosis and to direct management of cervical related altered sensorimotor control is clearly required in many patients. This applies not only to patients with neck disorders but also in patients with, for example vestibular disorders or concussion, presenting with signs and symptoms of altered sensorimotor control where the cervical spine may have a role to play. This paper explores the research and current knowledge in relation to clinical measures of cervical related sensorimotor control. The feasibility, responsiveness, comparison to gold standards and potential of clinical measures of cervical related sensorimotor control to assist in differential diagnosis are considered where relevant. Future research directions should examine the full complement of psychometric properties of tests and consideration of any relationships of these measures to pain, dizziness, trauma and functional implications. Development of other measures as well as use in assessing response post management are also important directions. These clinical measures, along with a skilled interview and cervical musculoskeletal examination will enable clinicians to recognise and manage impaired cervical sensorimotor control in patients with neck disorders as well as determine the role of the cervical spine in many patients presenting with signs and symptoms of altered sensorimotor control.
Risk Summary

Based on animal reproduction studies and its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)] , pazopanib can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no available data on pazopanib use in pregnant women to evaluate for a drug-associated risk. In animal developmental and reproductive toxicology studies, oral administration of pazopanib to pregnant rats and rabbits throughout organogenesis resulted in teratogenicity, and abortion at systemic exposures lower than that observed at the MRHD of 800 mg/day (based on AUC) ( see Data). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. 

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects in clinically recognized pregnancies and miscarriage is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

In a female fertility and early embryonic development study, female rats were administered oral pazopanib at least 15 days prior to mating and for 6 days after mating, which resulted in increased pre-implantation loss and early resorptions at dosages greater than or equal to 30 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.4-fold the AUC at the MRHD of 800 mg/day). Total litter resorption was seen at 300 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.8-fold the AUC at the MRHD of 800 mg/day). Postimplantation loss, embryolethality, and decreased fetal body weights were noted in females administered doses greater than or equal to 10 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.3-fold the AUC at the MRHD of 800 mg/day).

In embryo-fetal developmental toxicity studies in rats and rabbits, oral pazopanib was administered to pregnant animals during organogenesis. In rats, dose levels of greater than or equal to 3 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.1-fold the AUC at the MRHD of 800 mg/day) resulted in teratogenic effects, including cardiovascular malformations (retroesophageal subclavian artery, missing innominate artery, changes in the aortic arch), incomplete or absent ossification, increases in postimplantation loss, embryolethality and reduced fetal body weight. In rabbits, maternal toxicity, increased postimplantation loss and abortion were observed at doses greater than or equal to 30 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.007-fold the AUC at the MRHD of 800 mg/day). In addition, severe maternal body weight loss and 100% litter loss were observed at doses greater than or equal to 100 mg/kg/day (0.02-fold the AUC at the MRHD of 800 mg/day), while fetal weight was reduced at doses greater than or equal to 3 mg/kg/day (AUC not calculated).
Standard American Diet with meat source: chicken. Diet adheres to 2015-2020 Guidelines for Americans.
Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of mefenamic acid and other treatment options before deciding to use mefenamic acid. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see Warnings; Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation).

After observing the response to initial therapy with mefenamic acid, the dose and frequency should be adjusted to suit an individual patient's needs.

For the relief of acute pain in adults and adolescents ≥14 years of age, the recommended dose is 500 mg as an initial dose followed by 250 mg every 6 hours as needed, usually not to exceed one week.

For the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea, the recommended dose is 500 mg as an initial dose followed by 250 mg every 6 hours, given orally, starting with the onset of bleeding and associated symptoms. Clinical studies indicate that effective treatment can be initiated with the start of menses and should not be necessary for more than 2 to 3 days.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that causes demyelination of the central nervous system accompanied by a wide range of symptoms. The high prevalence of falls among patients diagnosed with MS within the initial six months highlights the importance of this issue. The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with falls in MS patients in order to increase awareness and reduce the risk of falls. This scoping review used specific Mesh terms to formulate the literature search around falls and MS using Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase search engines. English papers published between 2012 and 2022, studies with a clear definition of falls, McDonald's diagnostic criteria for MS, and those with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) or Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) scores were included. Critical data from the selected articles were extracted and classified according to the different factors associated with falls in MS patients. Eighteen articles were included in this review. The most important factors associated with falls in MS patients identified were the severity and progression of the disease, mobility and balance problems, bladder dysfunction, fear of falling, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction. In conclusion, this scoping review yielded the most common factors associated with falls in patients with MS. Study findings can be used to develop future interventions focusing on improving mobility, proprioception, and balance to decrease fall risk and injury amongst MS patients.
A method, formulation, and steroid drug delivery system for the administration of sex steroids for menstrual cycle regulation is disclosed. The invention is useful in clinical applications for pregnancy spacing and treatment of menstrual dysfunction. Progestin and estrogen are administered in a treatment cycle mimicking sex steroid hormones in the normal menstrual cycle. The steroid treatment cycle is divided into arbitrary and discrete follicular and luteal phase segments beginning with the onset of menstruation. In the early segment of the follicular phase no exogenous steroid is administered. Depending on the clinical and/or physiologic situation of a patient, unopposed progestin or estrogen is then administered. In the preferred embodiment an early luteal phase follows with low dose administration of combination estrogen/progestin; mid luteal estrogen and progestin is administered in a dose adequate to suppress pituitary FSH and LH and to maintain the endometrium; and terminally, a reduced dosage of combination estrogen/progestin is administered. The clinical success of the method and formulation depends not only upon the biologic potency of the progestin molecule administered but also depends upon the dose and temporal relationship of administration of exogenous estrogen, progestin, and combination estrogen/progestin. As a consequence, any FDA approved synthetic estrogen or progestin, in pharmacologically appropriate dosage is suitable for formulation in accordance with the present invention. Menstrual cycle regulation and effective contraception is achieved by hypothalamic-pituitary dysrhythmia rather than sustained FSH, LH, endogenous estrogen suppression. A reduced exposure to the adverse endocrine and metabolic effects of high dose estrogen and progestin administered concurrently is accomplished. Upon discontinuation of the administration of the present invention, prompt FSH and subsequent LH recovery ensue, providing for an appropriate return of ovulation and appropriate menstruation in the prior to drug normal ovulating patient. The method and formulation further allow the physician to take physiologic corrective measures in menstrual dysfunction patients who may or may not seek contraception and present as hypoestrogen, euestrogen, or hyperestrogen ovulation dysfunction or anovulatory.
PURPOSE: An immunoenhancer composition containing a Canavalia gladiate fermentation is provided to promote macrophage proliferation and to enhance immunity. CONSTITUTION: An immunoenhancer composition contains: a fermentation which is prepared by sealing a mixture of Canavalia gladiata and ethanol solution and fermenting at room temperature(20-30°C) for 50-70 days; or a fermentation prepared by maturing the fermented material at low temperature(3-10°C) for 40-50 days. The composition additionally contains Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. Leaf extract. The ethanol solution contains 20-40%(v/v) of ethanol. The composition is a pharmaceutical or food composition.
This prospective randomized controlled study compares the analgesic effects and dermatomal blockade distributions of single and double injection bilateral thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) techniques in patients undergoing reduction mammaplasty.

After obtaining ethics committee approval; 60 patients scheduled for elective bilateral reduction mammoplasty and gave written informed consent, were included in the study. The inclusion criteria were female gender, aging between 18 and 70 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of 1-3, capable of consenting, understanding the instructions for using the NRS pain scores and replying the study-based questions, lack of contraindications to regional anesthesia (allergy to a LA, local infection, and coagulopathy) and especially TPVB, absence of mental/psychiatric disorders, chronic analgesic/opioid use and alcohol/illicit drug use. The patients were randomized in one of single (Group S: T3-T4-bupivacaine 0.375% 20 mL/injection) or double injections (Group D: T2-T3\&T4-T5-bupivacaine 0.375% 10 mL/injection) bilateral TPVB groups using the sealed envelopes technique. All patients' dermatomal (sensorial) blockade distributions (T2-T6) were tested bilaterally between T2 and T6 dermatomal levels on the midclavicular line in every 5 minutes through the first 30 minutes after TPVB performances, by using the pin-prick test, and then they were given standard general anesthesia. Before extubation, 1 g IV paracetamol was applied to all. The NRS pain scores (0: no pain and 10: worst pain imaginable), and the dermatomal blockade distribution/numbers of blocked dermatomes of all patients on both sides were asked and documented on postoperative 0th min, 1st, 2nd, 6th, 12th, 24th and 48th hours. Postoperatively, patients in both groups received IV paracetamol 1 g when NRS pain score ≥4, and also tramadol 1 mg/kg if they defined NRS≥4 again after 1 h. The primary endpoint was NRS pain score at 12th hour. The secondary endpoints included the NRS pain scores and the dermatomal blockade distribution/numbers of blocked dermatomes through the postoperative first 48 hours, block application times, number of patients experienced hypotension or required fentanyl intraoperatively, length of stay in postoperative care unit (PACU), postoperative time until first pain (NRS≥4), the total numbers of paracetamol and tramadol requirements, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and duration of sleep on postoperative days 1 and 2, patient and surgeon satisfaction scores.
The invention provides methods and artificial-intelligence (Al) systems that predict disease risk from samples. In particular, Al systems predict diseases risk from samples such as whole slide images (WSIs). When those Al-predicted risks do not match risk scores calculated in laboratory assays, methods of the invention give the Al system further, additional training on select samples. In particular, the samples for additional training are selected for their representation of biological processes implicated in discordance between Al-predicted risk scores and laboratory calculated risk scores. The additional training from the select sample provides a correction model ensuring the Al-predicted disease risk is highly accurate and precise. Al systems of the invention and classify breast cancer risk from WSIs of stained breast tissue with sensitivity and specificity rivaling prior microarray assays.
Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), the intravenous vehicle of Voriconazole for injection, is eliminated through glomerular filtration. Therefore, in patients with moderate to severe renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance <50 mL/min), accumulation of HPβCD occurs. Serum creatinine (Scr) levels should be closely monitored in patients with renal impairment. If increases in Scr occur, consideration should be given to changing to alternate antifungal therapy with similar coverage, unless an assessment of the benefit/risk to the patient justifies the continued use of intravenous Voriconazole for injection [see Dosage and Administration (2.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. 

Acute renal failure has been observed in patients undergoing treatment with Voriconazole for injection. Patients being treated with voriconazole are likely to be treated concomitantly with nephrotoxic medications and may have concurrent conditions that may result in decreased renal function.

Patients should be monitored for the development of abnormal renal function. This should include laboratory evaluation of serum creatinine [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) and Dosage and Administration (2.6)].
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to efficiently and rapidly adsorb and remove an activated complement by using a water-insoluble high-molecular compound obtained by reacting a high-molecular compound having a hydroxyl group selected from agarose, cellulose, dextran, or the like, with a compound having isocyanate group. SOLUTION: The adsorber is composed from the water-insoluble high- molecular compound obtained by reacting the high-molecular compound having the hydroxyl group selected from the agarose, cellulose, dextran and polyvinyl alcohol and the compound having the isocyanate group. The compound having >=2 pieces of the isocyanate groups is used for the compound having the isocyanate group. The high-molecular compound having the hydroxyl group selected from the crosslinked agarose and crosslinked cellulose is used for the compound having the hydroxy group. Further, the water-insoluble high- molecular compound is specified in a nitrogen content in a dry stage of 3.0 to 9.0 wt.%. On the other hand, the activated complement is interleukin 1, or the like.
This application relates to a multi-layer drug delivery device and a method of manufacture. The device comprises a substrate; at least one first layer on the substrate containing the drug and a first solvent; and at least one second layer applied to the first layer to regulate release of the drug from the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises a polymer. The first solvent substantially prevents direct contact between the drug and the polymer.      When applied to the first layer, the polymer is preferably dissolved in a second solvent which is immiscible with the first solvent to substantially prevent inter-diffusion between the first and second layers. In one application the substrate is a medical device, such as an implantable stent, having a biocompatible outer surface. The second layer is preferably biodegradable, bioabsorbable and/or bioresolvable in vivo to permit gradual exposure of the first layer and elution of the drug therefrom.
Patients will receive two 20 minute cycle ergometry sessions separated by at least 4 hours in addition to usual care. The cycle will be set to a gear of zero and will begin in passive mode, the patient will be able to actively cycle if patients are able.
Although naproxen itself is well absorbed, the sodium salt form is more rapidly absorbed, resulting in higher peak plasma levels for a given dose. Approximately 30% of the total naproxen sodium dose in NAPRELAN® Tablets is present in the dosage form as an immediate release component. The remaining naproxen sodium is coated as microparticles to provide sustained release properties. After oral administration, plasma levels of naproxen are detected within 30 minutes of dosing, with peak plasma levels occurring approximately 5 hours after dosing. The observed terminal elimination half-life of naproxen from both immediate release naproxen sodium and NAPRELAN® Tablets is approximately 15 hours. Steady state levels of naproxen are achieved in 3 days and the degree of naproxen accumulation in the blood is consistent with this.

Plasma Naproxen Concentrations Mean of 24 Subjects (+/-2SD) (Steady State, Day 5)
Infusion reactions, including hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis, may occur. Symptoms may include chest tightness, headaches, abdominal pain, lightheadedness, flu-like symptoms, shivering, flushing, rash, and hypertension. Closely monitor patients for signs or symptoms of an infusion reaction throughout the infusion period and for at least 3 hours after end of infusion. Do not infuse the product faster than 500 mL/hour [see Adverse Reactions (6)].

In the event of an infusion reaction during administration, the infusion may be slowed or stopped. If the infusion is stopped, restart at a slower rate when the infusion reaction has resolved. Consider treatment with a corticosteroid or antihistamine for management of an infusion reaction [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
PURPOSE:To obtain the subject promoter excellent in the effect of promoting the activity of a keratinizing enzyme, and to obtain a cosmetic containing this promoter, such as a hair cosmetic excellent in hair quality-improving and depilation-remedying effects or a skin cosmetic excellent in remedying effects for skin quality such as skin chapping. CONSTITUTION:This keratinizing enzyme activity promoter consists of a compound of the formula (R is a short chain alkyl) and/or a salt thereof (esp. organic amine salt), e.g. 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-2(1H)-hydrin monoethanolamine salt. The other objective cosmetic having the above advantages is prepared by formulating a cosmetic base with 0.001-10 (pref. 0.01-1) wt.% of this promoter. Use of this promoter in the above cosmetic presents the following advantages: the activity of a keratinizing enzyme is adequately promoted, resulting in advancing the biosyntheses of cuticle and cortex in the hair to form the thick and tough hair, or resulting in promoting keratinization in the skin, advancing the biosyntheses of skin stratum corneum and developing skin dampishness and firm texture or improving skin elasticity.
A simulated treatment will take place before the patient receives study treatment, during week 1 and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of study treatment period. The dialysis solution generated by the simulated treatment will be collected from the system in the heater bag and used to evaluate the chemical composition of the final dialysis solution produced by patients using the AMIA APD Solution Generation System. Also, product water from the Water Device (pre-sterilizing filters) will be collected and tested at each visit.