anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Telomere biology disorders (TBD) encompass several illnesses caused by underlying mutations in telomere maintenance leading to premature telomere attrition and telomere dysfunction. These disorders have unique features but share common disease manifestations including pulmonary fibrosis, cirrhosis, and bone marrow failure. The goals of this article are to provide an overview of the gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of TBD, focusing on their pathophysiology, clinical disease states, and current management strategies.
RECENT FINDINGS: Telomere shortening has been observed in patients with chronic liver disease and is associated with a higher risk of progression to cirrhosis and portal hypertension. While the directionality of the association between telomere dysfunction and senescence on liver disease is not fully understood, research in TBD may provide clarity and could lead to future therapies for this increasingly prevalent disease. While treatment options remain limited in TBD-associated liver disease, recent studies point to the safety and efficacy of liver transplantation among patients with end-stage liver disease.
Approximately 24-48 hours prior to surgical resection or biopsy, patients receive EF5 IV over no more than 2½ hours. Tissue samples are analyzed by immunohistochemistry for EF5 binding. Blood samples are analyzed for genetic markers and cytokines associated with hypoxia and EF5 concentration.
An infusion system to administer fluid is disclosed. The infusion system includes an infusion pump having a pump processor, a pump memory and a pump radio to enable bi-directional communication. The pump memory stores a plurality of fingerprint tokens and security conditions. The infusion system includes a controller with a processor, a controller memory and a controller radio to transmit and receive communication from the pump radio. The controller includes a fingerprint scanner and a graphical user interface (GUI) and controls to manipulate the GUI. The GUI and fingerprint scanner enable the controller to scan and determine tokens based on scanned fingerprints. Additionally, communication between the infusion pump and the controller establish relative proximity between the infusion pump and the controller such that when the relative proximity exceeds a threshold distance at least one of the plurality of security conditions is automatically matched.
In WP1, the investigators will assess the metabolic mechanisms underlying the obesity pathology in adolescents, whereby the involvement of emotional stress, will be of particular interest. To this end, a dual strategy fecal metabolomics will be performed: targeted profiling and untargeted fingerprinting. A major objective in this respect is to metabolically segregate between the overweight/obesity and normal weight condition as well as to reveal metabolic singularities that specifically relate to emotional stress. Fecal material, saliva and a hair sample will be collected from adolescents (11 to 17 years). Assignment of a participant's stress state will be performed post-hoc and based on hair cortisol concentrations and scores from the psychological questionnaires. The samples will be collected at home and have to be frozen immediately after sample collection. The samples will be analyzed using a technique called metabolomics, using UHPLC-HRMS (Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry).

In WP2 the investigators will assess the microbiome and diet as drivers for obesity. Fecal samples will be subjected to DNA extraction and whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing will be performed using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 system (151 bp paired-end reads; Novogene). In order to collect data about both long- and short-term dietary intakes, participants will be provided with a FFQ and a 24-h recall.

Eventually, discovery of metabolite marker signatures and elucidation of mechanistic pathways will offer opportunities to stratify obese adolescents according to emotional stress status, microbial composition and dietary preferences.

In WP3, the new data from WP1/2 will be translated in personalized dietary recommendations. The investigators will assess the potential of dietary interventions focused on nutrient quality (not energy-reduced) to affect the stress-obesity axis directly or by gut microbial modulation. After ethical approval, the dietary intervention study will include up to 20 individuals that were allocated to the overweight/obesity group. In our 3-month personalized intervention, separate menus for each participant will be prepared by our dietician. Based on WP1/2 and literature evidence, appropriate changes in nutrients will be aimed for. At different points in time, fecal samples will be collected, aliquoted and biobanked at -80°C. Fecal samples will be used for polar metabolomics and lipidomics analyses and microbiome metasequencing. At the start and after the 3-months intervention, fasting blood samples will be taken for clinical biomarkers (glucose, insulin, cholesterol, cytokines, ...). In addition, indirect calorimetry will determine resting energy expenditure. Anthropometric measures include BMI, waist and fat%. Questionnaires cover emotional eating (DEBQ), satiety, physical activity, sleep and quality-of-life (KINDL). Study volunteers will be asked to fill out an FFQ and 3-day 24-h recall to assess dietary habits prior to the trial.
FIELD: medicine; hygiene.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to a tooth whitening composition and a method for use thereof. Disclosed tooth whitening composition contains: a bleaching complex, where the bleaching complex comprises a bleaching agent in complex with a polymer or copolymer, wherein the bleaching agent is hydrogen peroxide, and the polymer is a cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone; blue pigment, having a blue to blue-violet colour, with a colour tone angle in the CIELAB system in range of 200 to 320 degrees; zinc oxide; linear polyvinylpyrrolidone or additional cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, wherein the additional cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone is not in complex with the bleaching agent; and carrier medium acceptable for oral cavity application. Total amount of hydrogen peroxide from weight of composition ranges from 0.05 wt. % to 4 wt. % and zinc oxide is present in composition in amount of 0.2 wt. % to 2 wt. % of composition weight. Disclosed also is a method of whitening a dental surface in a human or animal, comprising using said whitening composition for cleaning teeth on tooth surface.EFFECT: composition of composition provides improved bleaching both in comparison with composition without zinc oxide and in comparison with composition without zinc oxide and without pigment; wherein the composition exhibits stability with respect to preservation of hydrogen peroxide during storage of the agent.10 cl, 3 tbl, 2 ex
Myopia or nearsightedness, a condition that results in the inability to see distant objects clearly, affects one in four Americans and is the most common eye disorder in the world with an enormous public health and economic impact. Depending on epidemiologic definition, 3-19% of acquired blindness has been ascribed to myopia. Evidence exists that myopia is a complex disorder with a significant genetic component as well as potential environmental influences. Implicating genetic factors, Sorsby et al. found that the trait correlation for monozygotic twins was nearly twice that for dizygotic twins and zero for control pairs. A study, by Chen et al., of Chinese twin pairs found a higher concordance rate of myopia (92.2%) for monozygotic twins with concordant close-work habits, or differences of less than one hour per day spent studying or reading, as compared to monozygotic twins with discordant close-work habits (79.3%). The two studies suggest additive interaction between zygosity and close-work habits.

Since there is a tendency of myopia to cluster in families, studying families with myopia opens the possibility to identify any gene(s) responsible for the pathogenesis of myopia. These genes could provide molecular tools for investigation of inherited myopia and may also provide a starting point for elucidating mechanisms for the influence of near work on the progression of myopia. The goal of this proposal is to identify regions of the human genome that contain the genes responsible for non-syndromic myopia utilizing pedigrees identified by the Myopia Family Study and genotypes generated by Dr. Dwight Stambolian's laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania as well as by the Center for Inherited Disease Research. Pedigree collection is ongoing in several geographic regions including Lakewood, NJ, for the collection of Orthodox Jewish families, Lancaster County, PA for the collection of Amish families, and Philadelphia, for recruitment of families of African American or Chinese American background. Pedigrees of Caucasian descent have also been collected in Philadelphia. All data collection is under the direction of Dr. Stambolian and funded by his grant from the NEI; no NHGRI funds are being used for data collection, and NHGRI investigators do not have any contact with study subjects. Because this disorder is complex and has a high likelihood of being caused by multiple loci, multiple parametric and non-parametric methods of analysis will be employed. Heterogeneity will be taken into account during these analyses, as will environmental covariates, such as the effect of near work, when possible.
OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the maximum tolerated dose of paclitaxel when combined with high dose cyclophosphamide and thiotepa followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and radiotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer. II. Assess the overall safety and toxicity of this regimen in these patients.

OUTLINE: This is a dose escalation study of paclitaxel. Mobilization and harvest: Patients undergo mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) according to the protocol currently used or patients may be mobilized using cytokines alone or chemomobilization at the discretion of the attending physician. PBSC are harvested and selected for CD34+ cells. If an adequate number of CD34+ cells are not harvested, autologous bone marrow may be used. Preparative regimen: Patients receive paclitaxel IV over 24 hours on day -5 and high dose thiotepa IV over 2 hours and high dose cyclophosphamide IV over 2 hours on day -6, day -4 following paclitaxel infusion, and day -2. Cohorts of 3-6 patients receive escalating doses of paclitaxel until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is determined. The MTD is defined as the dose preceding that at which 2 of 3 or 3 of 6 patients experience dose limiting toxicity. Transplantation: PBSC are reinfused on day 0 or a minimum of 48 hours after completion of chemotherapy. Patients receive filgrastim (G-CSF) subcutaneously beginning on day 0 and continuing until 3 days after blood counts have recovered. Sites of pretransplantation metastases greater than 3 cm are irradiated beginning after PBSC transplantation and after blood counts recover. Patients are followed every month for 1 year, then every 3 months thereafter.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: Approximately 20 patients will be accrued for this study within 1 year.
BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a serious disease of pregnancy that lacks early diagnosis methods or effective treatment, except delivery. Dysregulated uterine immune cells and spiral arteries are implicated in preeclampsia, but the mechanistic link remains unclear.
METHODS: Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics were used to identify immune cell subsets associated with preeclampsia. Cell-based studies and animal models including conditional knockout mice and a new preeclampsia mouse model induced by recombinant mouse galectin-9 were applied to validate the pathogenic role of a CD11chigh subpopulation of decidual macrophages (dMφ) and to determine its underlying regulatory mechanisms in preeclampsia. A retrospective preeclampsia cohort study was performed to determine the value of circulating galectin-9 in predicting preeclampsia.
RESULTS: We discovered a distinct CD11chigh dMφ subset that inhibits spiral artery remodeling in preeclampsia. The proinflammatory CD11chigh dMφ exhibits perivascular enrichment in the decidua from patients with preeclampsia. We also showed that trophoblast-derived galectin-9 activates CD11chigh dMφ by means of CD44 binding to suppress spiral artery remodeling. In 3 independent preeclampsia mouse models, placental and plasma galectin-9 levels were elevated. Galectin-9 administration in mice induces preeclampsia-like phenotypes with increased CD11chigh dMφ and defective spiral arteries, whereas galectin-9 blockade or macrophage-specific CD44 deletion prevents such phenotypes. In pregnant women, increased circulating galectin-9 levels in the first trimester and at 16 to 20 gestational weeks can predict subsequent preeclampsia onset.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight a key role of a distinct perivascular inflammatory CD11chigh dMφ subpopulation in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. CD11chigh dMφ activated by increased galectin-9 from trophoblasts suppresses uterine spiral artery remodeling, contributing to preeclampsia. Increased circulating galectin-9 may be a biomarker for preeclampsia prediction and intervention.
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major public health concern, affecting over 16 million Americans. Peripheral nerve stimulation via acupuncture has been shown to directly decrease alcohol craving and self-administration. TheraNova has developed the Empower Neuromodulation System, a non-invasive, portable transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) device intended to stimulate peripheral nerves for the treatment of AUD. In this study, we will conduct a cross-over, home-use study in participants with AUD. Participants will have a one-week control period with no treatment followed by two weeks of twice daily treatment with the Empower device. We will evaluate endpoints for safety and effectiveness.
The p21-activated kinase (PAK) family of proteins regulates various processes requiring dynamic cytoskeleton organization such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Among the six members of the protein family, PAK2 is specifically involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, or the development of endothelial cells. We report a novel de novo heterozygous missense PAK2 variant, p.(Thr406Met), found in a newborn with clinical manifestations of Knobloch syndrome. In vitro experiments indicated that this and another reported variant, p.(Asp425Asn), result in substantially impaired protein kinase activity. Similar findings were described previously for the PAK2 p.(Glu435Lys) variant found in two siblings with proposed Knobloch syndrome type 2 (KNO2). These new variants support the association of PAK2 kinase deficiency with a second, autosomal dominant form of Knobloch syndrome: KNO2.
Every year, new molecular agents enter the market with more and more patients receiving these treatments, especially in the metastatic setting. These molecular agents could correspond to immunotherapy and modulators of signaling pathways. More than 50% of cancer patients will receive radiation therapy during the course of their illness, including radiotherapy aimed a palliating symptoms secondary to metastatic diseases. Therefore, there will be an increasing number of patients who will be receiving radiotherapy while they are still receiving molecular agents. A better understanding of the interaction of these two treatment modalities is needed.

It is within this context that this registry was set up to gather information from physicians and patients treated with molecular agents and radiation therapy. The information being collected include diagnosis, doses received, type of targeted therapy, side effects, etc. Through this registry, we wish to determine whether there are more Grade 3 or above side effects than what is reported in the literature for these treatment modalities, when given alone or in combination. Participating patients will also describe their perceived side effects and quality of life.
Random Cycle Sequence - Cycle 1: Clinoleic (baseline), 50g/per day, 42 days Clinoleic + Omegaven, 40g + 10g/per day, 28 days. Cycle 2: Lipoplus (baseline), 50g/per day, 42 days Lipoplus + Omegaven, 40g + 10g/per day, 28 days. Cycle 3: SMOFlipid (baseline), 50g/per day, 42 days SMOFlipid + Omegaven, 40g + 10g/per day, 28 days.
Accidental intravascular injection of Articaine HCl and Epinephrine may be associated with convulsions, followed by central nervous system or cardiorespiratory depression and coma, progressing ultimately to respiratory arrest. Dental practitioners who employ local anesthetic agents including Articaine HCl and Epinephrine should be well versed in diagnosis and management of emergencies that may arise from their use. Resuscitative equipment, oxygen, and other resuscitative drugs should be available for immediate use. To avoid intravascular injection, aspiration should be performed before Articaine HCl and Epinephrine is injected. The needle must be repositioned until no return of blood can be elicited by aspiration. Note, however, that the absence of blood in the syringe does not guarantee that intravascular injection has been avoided.

Small doses of local anesthetics injected in dental blocks may produce adverse reactions similar to systemic toxicity seen with unintentional intravascular injections of larger doses. Confusion, convulsions, respiratory depression or respiratory arrest, and cardiovascular stimulation or depression have been reported. These reactions may be due to intra-arterial injection of the local anesthetic with retrograde flow to the cerebral circulation. Patients receiving these blocks should be observed constantly. Resuscitative equipment and personnel for treating adverse reactions should be immediately available. Dosage recommendations should not be exceeded [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social deficits, repetitive behaviours and lack of empathy. Its significant genetic heritability and potential comorbidities often lead to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This review addresses the biological basis of ASD, focusing on the sex differences in gene expression and hormonal influences. ASD is more commonly diagnosed in males at a ratio of 4:1, indicating a potential oversight in female-specific ASD research and a risk of underdiagnosis in females. We consider how ASD manifests differently across sexes by exploring differential gene expression in female and male brains and consider how variations in steroid hormones influence ASD characteristics. Synaptic function, including excitation/inhibition ratio imbalance, is influenced by gene mutations and this is explored as a key factor in the cognitive and behavioural manifestations of ASD. We also discuss the role of micro RNAs (miRNAs) and highlight a novel mutation in miRNA-873, which affects a suite of key synaptic genes, neurexin, neuroligin, SHANK and post-synaptic density proteins, implicated in the pathology of ASD. Our review suggests that genetic predisposition, sex differences in brain gene expression, and hormonal factors significantly contribute to the presentation, identification and severity of ASD, necessitating sex-specific considerations in diagnosis and treatments. These findings advocate for personalized interventions to improve the outcomes for individuals with ASD.
PURPOSE:To provide the titled agent containing esterase as an active component, and effective to improve the abnormal dermatic metabolism causing the sclerema, pigmentation of the keratinized facial skin, excess secretion of lipid, etc. CONSTITUTION:The objective agent contains esterase as an active component. Esterase is an enzyme effective to specifically decomposing a water-insoluble scleroprotein elastin. A beta-lipoproteinase activity and lipoprotein lipase activity can be detected by biochemical means, and the enzyme has the activity to normalize the abnormal lipid metabolism in the serum and tissue. It has been found by the examination of the activity of the enzyme to the skin, that the enzyme is effective to improve the abnormal skin metabolism causing the sclerema, pigmentation of the keratinized facial skin, excess secretion of lipid, drying and chapping of the labial mucosa, etc. It can be administered by the direct application to the diseased skin. The content of the esterase in the drug is preferably 0.05-0.2W/V%.
Endogenous androgens are responsible for the normal growth and development of the male sex organs and for maintenance of secondary sex characteristics. These effects include the growth and maturation of prostate, seminal vesicles, penis and scrotum; the development of male hair distribution such as beard, pubic, chest and axillary hair, laryngeal enlargements, vocal cord thickening, alterations in body musculature and fat distribution. Drugs in this class can also cause retention of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and decreased urinary excretion of calcium.

Androgens have been reported to increase protein anabolism and decrease protein catabolism.

Nitrogen balance is improved only when there is sufficient intake of calories and protein.

Androgens are responsible for the growth spurt of adolescence and for the eventual termination of linear growth which is brought about by the fusion of the epiphyseal growth centers. In children, exogenous androgens accelerate linear growth rates, but may cause a disproportionate advancement in bone maturation. Use over long periods may result in fusion of the epiphyseal growth centers and termination of growth process. Androgens have been reported to stimulate the production of red blood cells by enhancing the production of erythropoietic stimulating factor.

During exogenous administration of androgens, endogenous testosterone release is inhibited through feedback inhibition of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH). At large doses of exogenous androgens, spermatogenesis may also be suppressed through feedback inhibition of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).

There is a lack of substantial evidence that androgens are effective in fractures, surgery, convalescence, and functional uterine bleeding.

PHARMACOKINETICS

Testosterone in plasma is 98 percent bound to a specific testosterone-estradiol binding globulin, and about 2 percent is free. Generally, the amount of this sex-hormone binding globulin in the plasma will determine the distribution of testosterone between the free and bound forms, and the free testosterone concentration will determine its half-life.

About 90 percent of a dose of testosterone is excreted as glucuronic and sulfuric acid conjugates of testosterone and its metabolites; about 6 percent of a dose is excreted in feces, mostly in the unconjugated form. Inactivation of testosterone occurs primarily in the liver. Testosterone is metabolized to various 17-keto steroids through two different pathways. There are considerable variations of the half-life as reported in the literature, ranging from 10-100 minutes.

In many tissues the activity of testosterone appears to depend on reduction to dihydrotestosterone, which binds to cytosol receptor proteins. The steroid-receptor complex is transported to the nucleus where it initiates transcription events and cellular changes related to androgen action.
The TENS electrodes will be applied on the medial and lateral superior, as well as the medial and lateral inferior, borders of the patella. Care will be taken not to place TENS electrodes on the quadriceps muscles or muscles of the anterior leg. The TENS unit will be set to deliver a continuous TENS biphasic pulsatile current at 150 Hz, with a phase duration of 150 microseconds. The TENS unit will be worn during all exercise testing and for the first 30 minutes of quadriceps force output and activation testing. After the 30 minute post-intervention measures (Post30) are obtained, the TENS unit will be turned off.