anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 pandemic has introduced us to a greater need of virtual learning platforms and has resulted in less clinical exposure for fellows-in-training. Virtual and simulatorbased learning is not widely available in LMIC. It is imperative to analyze feedback of CV fellow-in-training regarding this mode of learning before large scale implementation.

This was an observational study conducted between July-August 2020. A multicentered survey was conducted. Survey questionnaire was disseminated to FIT via Google Forms. The questionnaire contained total of 24 questions about virtual and simulator-based learning during the pandemic.
Chronic low back pain is a chronic pain syndrome in the lower back region, lasting for at least twelve weeks. Chronic low back pain represents the leading cause of disability worldwide and is a major welfare and economic problem. Low back pain represents a major social and economic problem. The prevalence of chronic low back pain is estimated to range from fifteen to forty-five percent in French healthcare workers. Low back pain symptoms can derive from many potential anatomic sources, such as nerve roots, muscle, fascial structures, bones, joints, intervertebral discs, and organs within the abdominal cavity. Moreover, symptoms can also spawn from aberrant neurological pain processing causing neuropathic low back pain. Low back pain has been associated with motor control dysfunction. Indicators of this dysfunction include decreased contraction of the transversus abdominis and multifidus muscles, the reduced cross-sectional area of the multifidus, and fat infiltration. An association of chronic low back pain with altered muscle recruitment patterns and transversus abdominis activation delay was also found, as well as increased back muscle fatigue and altered kinematic patterns in the hips and lumbar area.

This was further supported in two recent systematic reviews that reported that proprioception deficits were found in patients with chronic low back pain compared to healthy controls
PURPOSE: A compound and Sophora flavescens extract containing the same, fraction thereof is provided to prevent or treat diseases. CONSTITUTION: A composition for enhancing immunity through interferon-beta expression induction contains one or more compounds among chemical formulas 1-8 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient. The composition additionally contains Stevia rebaudiana extract or stevioside. A composition contains Sophora flavescens extract or fraction thereof as an active ingredient. A feed additive contains the composition for enhancing immunity. A method for enhancing immunity of an individual with reduced immunity except for human comprises a step of administering the composition to an individual which needs immunity enhancement.
BACKGROUND: Pathogenic copy number variants (pCNVs) are associated with fetal ultrasound anomalies, which can be efficiently identified through chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). The primary objective of the present study was to enhance understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlation in fetuses exhibiting absent or hypoplastic nasal bones using CMA.
METHODS: Enrolled in the present study were 94 cases of fetuses with absent/hypoplastic nasal bone, which were divided into an isolated absent/hypoplastic nasal bone group (n = 49) and a non-isolated group (n = 45). All pregnant women enrolled in the study underwent karyotype analysis and CMA to assess chromosomal abnormalities in the fetuses.
RESULTS: Karyotype analysis and CMA detection were successfully performed in all cases. The results of karyotype and CMA indicate the presence of 11 cases of chromosome aneuploidy, with trisomy 21 being the most prevalent among them. A small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) detected by karyotype analysis was further interpreted as a pCNV by CMA. Additionally, CMA detection elicited three cases of pCNVs, despite normal findings in their karyotype analysis results. Among them, one case of Roche translocation was identified to be a UPD in chromosome 15 with a low proportion of trisomy 15. Further, a significant difference in the detection rate of pCNVs was observed between non-isolated and isolated absent/hypoplastic nasal bone (24.44% vs. 8.16%, p < .05).
CONCLUSION: The present study enhances the utility of CMA in diagnosing the etiology of absent or hypoplastic nasal bone in fetuses. Further, isolated cases of absent or hypoplastic nasal bone strongly suggest the presence of chromosomal abnormalities, necessitating genetic evaluation through CMA.
In three placebo-controlled, 12-week trials, the incidence of consecutive elevations (≥3 X ULN) in serum transaminases was 1.7% overall for patients treated with VYTORIN and appeared to be dose-related with an incidence of 2.6% for patients treated with VYTORIN 10/80. In controlled long-term (48-week) extensions, which included both newly-treated and previously-treated patients, the incidence of consecutive elevations (≥3 X ULN) in serum transaminases was 1.8% overall and 3.6% for patients treated with VYTORIN 10/80. These elevations in transaminases were generally asymptomatic, not associated with cholestasis, and returned to baseline after discontinuation of therapy or with continued treatment.

In SHARP, 9270 patients with chronic kidney disease were allocated to receive VYTORIN 10/20 mg daily (n=4650), or placebo (n=4620). During a median follow-up period of 4.9 years, the incidence of consecutive elevations of transaminases (>3 × ULN) was 0.7% for VYTORIN and 0.6% for placebo.

It is recommended that liver function tests be performed before the initiation of treatment with VYTORIN, and thereafter when clinically indicated. There have been rare postmarketing reports of fatal and non-fatal hepatic failure in patients taking statins, including simvastatin. If serious liver injury with clinical symptoms and/or hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice occurs during treatment with VYTORIN, promptly interrupt therapy. If an alternate etiology is not found do not restart VYTORIN. Note that ALT may emanate from muscle, therefore ALT rising with CK may indicate myopathy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

VYTORIN should be used with caution in patients who consume substantial quantities of alcohol and/or have a past history of liver disease. Active liver diseases or unexplained persistent transaminase elevations are contraindications to the use of VYTORIN.
This was a Phase 2, open-label study in male participants with Fabry disease. The study consisted of a 4-week screening period during which participants' genotype was assessed for α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) activity in response to migalastat via an in vitro assay. Participants were required to have α-Gal A activity responsive to migalastat. The study consisted of a 12-week treatment period, followed by an optional 36-week extension period. Participants received migalastat 150 milligrams (mg) once every other day (QOD) for 12 weeks during the treatment period. Participants could then opt to participate in the extension period.
Oligonucleotides (ODNs) include a sequence that is complementary to a target sequence in single stranded RNA, or single or double stranded DNA, and an alkylating function which after hybridization alkylates the target sequence. ODNs adapted for alkylating single stranded RNA, such as messenger RNA, are complementary to the target sequence in the Watson Crick sense. ODNs adapted for alkylating double stranded DNA have at least two alkylating functions and are complementary to the target sequence in the Hoogsteen or reverse Hoogsteen sense. With these ODNs both strands of the target sequence are alkylated. A third class of ODNs have at least approximately 26 nucleotide units in a continuous sequence which are complementary to the target sequence of double stranded DNA, and the alkylating function is covalently attached to a nucleotide unit in the continuous sequence. Alkylation or cross-linking with this class of ODNs occurs in the presence of a recombinase enzyme.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of cancer occurrence and progression, as well as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the potential mechanisms of circRNAs implicated in lymph node (LN) metastasis of gastric cancer remain unclear. Herein, we identify a novel N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modified circRNA, circPAK2, which is significantly upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and metastatic LN tissues. Functionally, circPAK2 enhances the migration, invasion, lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circPAK2 is exported by YTH domain-containing protein 1 (YTHDC1) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in an m6A methylation-dependent manner. Moreover, increased cytoplasmic circPAK2 interacts with Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA-Binding Proteins (IGF2BPs) and forms a circPAK2/IGF2BPs/VEGFA complex to stabilize VEGFA mRNA, which contributes to gastric cancer vasculature formation and aggressiveness. Clinically, high circPAK2 expression is positively associated with LN metastasis and poor prognosis in gastric cancer. This study highlights m6A-modified circPAK2 as a key regulator of LN metastasis of gastric cancer, thus supporting circPAK2 as a promising therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer.
As with all therapeutic proteins, there is the potential for immunogenicity. In clinical trials, treatment-emergent anti-necitumumab antibodies (ADA) were detected in 4.1% (33/814) of patients using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 1.4% (11/814) of patients post exposure to PORTRAZZA. No relationship was found between the presence of ADA and incidence of infusion-related reactions. The impact of ADA on efficacy (overall survival) could not be assessed due to the limited number of patients with treatment-emergent ADA. In Study 1, the exposure to necitumumab was lower in patients with ADA post-treatment than in patients without detectable ADA [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. 

The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of incidence of antibodies to PORTRAZZA with the incidences of antibodies to other products may be misleading.
An exercise programme will be administered 3 times a week for up to an 16 week period of time in a school setting. Each exercise class will last 60 minutes. The exercise classes will involve aspects of fundamental movement skills and will be fun for the students to participate in.
The percutaneous nerve discharger (model GM350PP) of APEX low-frequency therapeutic device is used for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of acupoints. The approved number of medical equipment license for this product is: Department of Health Medical Device No. 006696, and the use mode of intervention measures is P5 Disperse -Dense Modulation mode (discharge frequency 2Hz/wave width 260μs/duration 3sec and discharge frequency 100 Hz/wavewidth 140μs/continuation 3sec alternately, maximum discharge volume 80mA), stimulate Neiguan (PC6), Hegu (LI4), Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Taichong (LR3) points, twice a day, 30 minutes each time, for 4 weeks, the intensity is divided into 10-25 mA for hands and 25-40 mA for feet, depending on personal tolerance Adjust flexibly within the interval, and evaluate the severity of neuropathy symptoms of the test every week.
BACKGROUND: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a post-processing technique that creates brain susceptibility maps reflecting metal burden through tissue magnetic susceptibility. We assessed topographic differences in magnetic susceptibility between participants with and without Wilson's disease (WD), correlating these findings with clinical severity, brain volume, and biofluid copper and iron indices.
METHODS: A total of 43 patients with WD and 20 unaffected controls, were recruited. QSM images were derived from a 3T MRI scanner. Clinical severity was defined using the minimal Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale (M-UWDRS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scoring. Differences in magnetic susceptibilities between groups were evaluated using general linear regression models, adjusting for age and sex. Correlations between the susceptibilities and clinical scores were analyzed using Spearman's method.
RESULTS: In age- and sex-adjusted analyses, magnetic susceptibility values were increased in WD patients compared with controls, including caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra (all p < 0.01). Putaminal susceptibility was greater with an initial neuropsychiatric presentation (n = 25) than with initial hepatic dysfunction (n = 18; p = 0.04). Susceptibility changes correlated negatively with regional brain volume in almost all topographic regions. Serum ferritin, but not serum copper or ceruloplasmin, correlated positively with magnetic susceptibility level in the caudate nucleus (p = 0.04), putamen (p = 0.04) and the hippocampus (p = 0.03). The dominance of magnetic susceptibility in cortical over subcortical regions correlated with M-UWDRS scores (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The magnetic susceptibility changes could serve as a surrogate marker for patients with WD.
Patients in this group will have 10 repetitions of slow diaphragmatic deep breathing exercises followed by core stabilization exercises. Then, IMT will be applied with a respiratory muscle training device. In this training, the difficulty of the exercise will be increased by starting from 40% of the MIP value measured during the evaluation and following the values of 60% and 80% according to tolerance. In addition to physical therapy sessions three days a week for eight weeks, patients will be asked to do this exercise five days a week in the morning and evening.
The invention relates to devices for measuring bioelectrical potential for use mainly in medical diagnosis instruments. An electrode device comprises a dielectric porous contact element, the complete volume of which is filled with silver nanoparticles coated with a silver chloride layer, and is impregnated with electrolyte. A dielectric porous contact element is coated with a silver layer from the side opposite to the working surface. From one end a flexible current-collecting silver element is electrically connected to the dielectric porous contact element positioned in the center, wherein from the other end it is electrically connected to a contact made from a dielectric porous material either in the form of a low cylinder stepped tapered upwards having a projection as a sphere of a counterpart of a key connector, or in the form of a cylinder stepped tapered upwards having a side hole for current-collecting pin. The contact element is coated with a silver layer and disposed eccentrically relative to the dielectric porous contact element. The dielectric porous contact element, the current-collecting silver element and the contact element are rigidly fixed between two plastic plates using either an adhesive ring, or an adhesive strip. From the adhesive base side the adhesive ring or the adhesive strip are protected by an antiadhesive film, in which arranged is a foam plastic packing, contacting with the working surface of the dielectric porous contact element and impregnated with a liquid electrolyte composition, comprising, wt.%: water - 31-35; potassium chloride - 10-13; glycerin - the rest. The technical result provides improved metrological characteristics of the electrode device for registration of long-term daily measurements of bioelectrical potential of different human organs and tissues.
The magnetic device prototype primarily comprises 2 matched pairs of one near-infrared light-emitting diode and one photodiode sensor, a permanent electromagnetic actuator, an iron sheet (for affixing to the paralytic upper eyelid), and a biosignal acquisition module along with a power supply unit providing a wired connection with optical sensors and a permanent electromagnetic actuator. Before the study, the differences between the affected and unaffected palpebral fissure heights were directly measured using a ruler. During the test after the wearing of the prototype, the distance of the paralytic eyelid lift was documented and the corrected distance (gain) of the paralytic upper eyelid was calculated. The efficacy and safety of the device prototype were assessed. The efficacy was evaluated according to the synchronous blinks and gain of paralytic eyelid lifts. Subjective sensation and complications were assessed by visual axis obstruction, blurred vision, foreign body sensation over the cornea, burning or hot sensation over facial skin, and erythema or pruritus over the eyelid. After the completion of the study procedure, the eyelid skin integrity, subjective sensation and discomfort were examined.
Partial breast irradiation (PBI) is becoming a new paradigm for breast cancer radiation. No type I or II evidence is currently available to demonstrate equivalence to standard whole breast radiotherapy, and a prospective randomized trial jointly sponsored by NSABP and Radiation therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) (NSABP B-39 and RTOG 0413) has completed accruing patients, comparing whole breast radiotherapy to PBI, either by brachytherapy or external beam techniques (EB): results of this trial are pending. Until results of this or similar trials are available, PBI remains a research domain, and it should be offered to patients only in the context of a clinical experimental protocol. Despite the fact that less extensive experience than that of brachytherapy is available, PBI delivery through an external-beam has many advantages. First of all, it is likely to be more acceptable to the patient since it is non-invasive and it does not require a surgical procedure or anesthesia. Moreover, since it is delivered after surgery, the pathological analysis of the segmental mastectomy specimen is available to inform the selection of the best candidates. In addition, EB-PBI is likely to become more widely reproducible, since it does not rely on the experience and skills of the radiation oncologist performing the brachytherapy implant. Besides, once the technique is established, it can be widely applied at any facility provided with a linear accelerator, without the risk presented by some brachytherapy approaches that cannot be completed because of the unfavorable interplay of patient's anatomy with the technical limitations of the applicator. Finally, in terms of health care economics, an external beam approach spares the costs of an extra surgical procedure and several days as inpatient (in the case of Low dose Rate (LDR) brachytherapy).

A prone approach for partial breast radiation has been tested at NYU in a clinical trial sponsored by an IDEA grant of the Department of Defense (NYU 00-23). Results of the first 47 patient accrued originally demonstrated feasibility. Eligibility to this study was limited to post-menopausal women with non-palpable, mammographically detected tumors. In addition, the protocol required patients to have first refused to undergo standard six-week radiotherapy. Five fractions of 6 Gy were delivered to the Planning Target Volume (PTV) over ten days (Monday-Wednesday-Friday, Monday-Wednesday). The dose and fractionation was based on radiobiological modeling, aimed at determining a dose to deliver in five fractions that would achieve equivalence to the tumor control estimates of 50 Gy in 25 fractions, while maintaining a risk of fibrosis at the tumor bed comparable to that of a standard regimen of 60 Gy in 30 fractions. An α/β = 4 for tumor control was used, and its validity has been recently confirmed by the results of a prospective randomized trial comparing accelerated to standard whole breast radiotherapy.
24 individuals under the age of 18 diagnosed with headache and 24 healthy controls will be included in the study. Age, height, weight characteristics and parafunctional habits of individuals will be recorded. The severity of headache and its effect on daily life, temporamandibular joint pain severity will be evaluated. Temporamandibular joint dysfunction severity will be determined and mouth openings will be measured.

Participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be included in the study group. Healthy volunteers without headache complaints will also be included in the study as a control group.In this study, which is planned to include those who meet the inclusion criteria and agree to participate in the study, written informed consent form will be obtained from all individuals and from their parents for those under the age of 18. The study will be carried out in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study will be done through a questionnaire form and with anthropetric measurements. No invasive procedure will be applied. A p value of ≤0.05 will be considered significant in all statistics.
Signs and Symptoms — If overdosage occurs, nausea, vomiting, gastric hypotonicity, and diarrhea would be expected without causing consequential toxicity.

Intravenous administration of glucagon has been shown to have positive inotropic and chronotropic effects. A transient increase in both blood pressure and pulse rate may occur following the administration of glucagon. Patients taking β-blockers might be expected to have a greater increase in both pulse and blood pressure, an increase of which will be transient because of glucagon's short half-life. The increase in blood pressure and pulse rate may require therapy in patients with pheochromocytoma or coronary artery disease.

When glucagon was given in large doses to patients with cardiac disease, investigators reported a positive inotropic effect. These investigators administered glucagon in doses of 0.5 to 16 mg/hour by continuous infusion for periods of 5 to 166 hours. Total doses ranged from 25 to 996 mg, and a 21-month-old infant received approximately 8.25 mg in 165 hours. Side effects included nausea, vomiting, and decreasing serum potassium concentration. Serum potassium concentration could be maintained within normal limits with supplemental potassium.

The intravenous median lethal dose for glucagon in mice and rats is approximately 300 mg/kg and 38.6 mg/kg, respectively.

Because glucagon is a polypeptide, it would be rapidly destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract if it were to be accidentally ingested.

Treatment  — To obtain up-to-date information about the treatment of overdose, a good resource is your certified Regional Poison Control Center. Telephone numbers of certified poison control centers are listed in the Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR). In managing overdosage, consider the possibility of multiple drug overdoses, interaction among drugs, and unusual drug kinetics in your patient.

In view of the extremely short half-life of glucagon and its prompt destruction and excretion, the treatment of overdosage is symptomatic, primarily for nausea, vomiting, and possible hypokalemia.

If the patient develops a dramatic increase in blood pressure, 5 to 10 mg of phentolamine mesylate has been shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure for the short time that control would be needed.

Forced diuresis, peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, or charcoal hemoperfusion have not been established as beneficial for an overdose of glucagon; it is extremely unlikely that one of these procedures would ever be indicated.
Subjects on GSK monotherapy who have been treated for 24 weeks or greater in their parent study. Also, subjects entering this study from any GSK1120212 combo trial.