anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
It is well accepted that bilateral input can significantly improve speech understanding in noise for patients with cochlear implants. For cochlear implant (CI) recipients who have a CI on only one side, two sided input can be provided with simultaneous use of a hearing aid (HA) or a CROS device on the opposite side. The decision about which device to use depends on the level of residual hearing a recipient has in non CI-implanted ear, and more specifically what level of useable residual hearing s/he has. Access to useable low frequency hearing can not only improve speech understanding in noise, it can also improve sound quality, pitch perception and music perception.

Clinicians can reasonably predict that a recipient with hearing thresholds better than 60 dB HL at low frequencies (below 750 Hz) would benefit from amplification. For recipients with no measurable acoustic hearing in the contralateral ear, CROS would be a reasonable option, especially if bilateral implantation is not feasible or desired. However, it is more difficult to predict the appropriate device in individuals who have some measurable acoustic hearing but may be receiving limited benefit from it. This can be especially challenging because audiometric thresholds are not a reliable predictor of bimodal benefit. Additionally, acoustic hearing can provide subjective benefits which could hold different intrinsic value or significance for different individuals depending on their life style and listening needs.
PURPOSE: Intradetrusor onabotulinum toxin A (BTX-A) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment option for overactive bladder (OAB). However, concerns about frailty and frequent injections may deter its use in the elderly. This study aims to assess the safety, efficacy, and treatment duration of BTX-A in managing OAB in elderly women.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed female patients aged 70 and above who were diagnosed with OAB with predominant urge urinary incontinence and underwent intravesical BTX-A treatment. We collected demographic and clinical data, with repeat BTX-A injections re-administered upon patient-reported symptom recurrence.
RESULTS: Twenty-one female patients, median age 77 (range 71-92), were included. The median time between the first and second injection was 185 (84-448) days, 186 (105-959) days between the second and third injection, and increased to 206.5 (84-256) days between the third and fourth injection. However, the median interval trended downward after the fourth injection (Fig. 1). Patients with four or more injections had a shorter median interval between injections, 154 days, compared to those with fewer injections, 210 days. Two patients (6.9%) experienced urinary retention after the initial treatment, with 1 (2.2%) among a total of 46 subsequent treatments (Table 3). There were ten (13.3%) episodes of UTIs within 2 weeks of treatment. Patients reported improvement in symptoms following 93.3% of the injections.
CONCLUSION: This real-world study demonstrates that BTX-A effectively controls OAB symptoms in elderly women, with just two injections annually. BTX-A appears safe and efficacious for treating OAB in elderly females.
PURPOSE:To obtain a non-biological adsorbent useful for removing useless factor in plasma, by bonding a specific compound to a water-insoluble polymeric compound having hydroxyl group via a compound having >=2 isocyanato groups in the molecule. CONSTITUTION:A compound of formula I (R1-R4 are H or 1-3C alkyl; n is 10-200) (e.g. polyethylene glycol) is bonded to a water-insoluble polymeric compound having hydroxyl group (e.g. agarose, cellulose and dextran) via a compound having >=2 isocyanato groups in the molecule and expressed e.g. by formula I (R is 1-12C aliphatic chain or 6-15C aromatic chain) e.g. hexamethylene diisocyanate). The obtained adsorbent can effectively remove immunogloblin existing as a useless component in body fluid such as blood, IgG of patient of multiple myeloma and rejection reaction factor in organ transplantation.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a sustained release preparation useful as the sustained release preparation of various medicines, bioactive materials and nutrients capable of sustaining the effect over a long time in gastric juice by including an emulsion composition. SOLUTION: This sustained release preparation contains an emulsion composition preferably manifesting sustained lease properties in stomach, and preferably of a W/O emulsion or a W/O/W emulsion. The emulsion composition preferably comprises an oil and fat such as a corn salad oil liquid at a normal temperature, an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving or dispersing a medical material (preferably a yolk antibody and/or a mammal serum antibody), and an emulsifying agent (e.g. a condensed fatty acid ester of a polyglycerin ricinoleate). The content of the oil and fat is preferably 70-90% based on the amount of the preparation. The particle diameters of the emulsified particles of the before emulsified composition are each preferably 5-20 μm.
BACKGROUND: A wide range of opioid misuse motives have been documented in the literature, including to relieve physical pain, feel good/get high, relax, manage feelings/emotions, sleep, and moderate the effects of other substances. Despite a rise in opioid misuse among African Americans over the last 2 decades, their motivations for misuse remain unclear. Much of the research on opioid misuse motivations either rely on samples with little racial diversity or do not stratify their findings by race. As a result, less is known about the specific reasons why African Americans engage in opioid misuse. The objective of this study, therefore, was to identify and explain the most common motives for misusing opioids among African Americans. Qualitative interview data are also presented to explain/contextualize the most prevalent motivations.
METHODS: This study used data from the Florida Minority Health Survey, a mixed-methods project that included online surveys (n = 303) and qualitative in-depth interviews (n = 30) of African Americans. Data collection was conducted from August 2021 to February 2022 throughout Southwest Florida.
RESULTS: Analyses revealed that while some (33.9%) misused opioids for purposes of recreation/sensation seeking (eg, feel good/get high), the majority (66.1%) were attempting to self-treat perceived medical symptoms (eg, physical pain, anxiety/trauma, withdrawals, insomnia).
CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to a better understanding of why some African Americans engage in opioid misuse and findings highlight the need for interventions to be trauma informed and address unmanaged physical pain among African Americans. Given that most studies on motivations are quantitative in nature, the study contributes to the literature by capturing the voices of African Americans who use drugs.
Brain imaging will be conducted three times during this study. Study participants will travel to IND for \[123I\]ß-CIT and SPECT imaging (scan 1). Subjects will be randomized to no treatment, treatment with either levodopa, or treatment with Mirapex and undergo treatment for a period of 12 weeks. Subjects will return to IND for \[123I\]ß-CIT and SPECT imaging (scan 2) after 12 weeks of treatment and withdraw from the medication following the scan. Eight to 12 weeks after medication withdrawal, a final \[123I\]ß-CIT and SPECT imaging study (scan 3) will be performed at IND. The imaging outcome, striatal uptake of \[123I\]ß-CIT, from scan 1 (untreated) and scan 2 (treated with levodopa or pramipexole) will be compared to determine if there is a significant change in the uptake of the marker that may be attributed to levodopa or pramipexole treatment. In addition, scan 3 will be compared to scan 2 to determine the duration and reversibility of any regulatory effect that occurs. The subjects will be randomized, but not blinded to study drug assignment. The imaging technologist and all imaging analyses will be performed by investigators blinded to study drug assignment.
Diagnostic manuals describe insomnia disorder (ID) characterised by fatigue and sleepiness as diurnal consequences of nocturnal symptoms. However, patients with ID do not frequently report sleepiness in the clinical setting. The present study aimed to investigate subjective sleepiness in ID measured through the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and its independence towards daytime functioning and fatigue, and to evaluate cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) improvement in daytime consequences and their relationship to sleepiness and fatigue. We retrospectively collected the ESS evaluation in a large sample of 105 healthy controls (HCs), 671 patients with ID, and 602 patients with sleep disorders characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Moreover, we conducted a pre-post evaluation of the ESS in a sub-sample of patients with ID who underwent CBT-I. Component 2 of the Insomnia Severity Index and Profile of Mood States-Fatigue Inertia Scale was used to evaluate daytime functioning and fatigue. Patients with ID reported ESS levels comparable to that observed in HCs and significantly lower than the EDS group. No significant correlation arose between ESS and the diurnal impact of the disorder, suggesting the independence between daytime functioning and sleepiness in ID. Contrarily, insomnia severity and diurnal impact significantly correlated with fatigue. Data showed a statistically significant increase in sleepiness after CBT-I, despite significantly improving daytime consequences and fatigue. Although diagnostic manuals report sleepiness and fatigue as daytime consequences of sleep symptoms in patients with ID, these retrospective data indicate a dissociation between these entities. This evidence aligns with the core feature of ID: the hyperarousal status that pervades patients also during wakefulness.
BACKGROUND: Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most common neurological problems occurring in the perinatal period. However, there still is not a promising approach to reduce long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of HIE. Recently, itaconate has been found to exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the therapeutic efficacy of itaconate in HIE remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in HIE as well as the potential therapeutic role of a derivative of itaconate, 4-octyl itaconate (4OI).
METHODS: We used 7-day-old mice to induce hypoxic-ischemic (HI) model by right common carotid artery ligation followed by 1 h of hypoxia. Behavioral experiments including the Y-maze and novel object recognition test were performed on HI mice at P60 to evaluate long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. We employed an approach combining non-targeted metabolomics with transcriptomics to screen alterations in metabolic profiles and gene expression in the hippocampal tissue of the mice at 8 h after hypoxia. Immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR were used to evaluate the pathological changes in brain tissue cells and the expression of mRNA and proteins. 4OI was intraperitoneally injected into HI model mice to assess its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. BV2 and C8D1A cells were cultured in vitro to study the effect of 4OI on the expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. We also used Nrf2-siRNA to further validate 4OI-induced Nrf2 pathway in astrocytes.
RESULTS: We found that in the acute phase of HI, there was an accumulation of pyruvate and lactate in the hippocampal tissue, accompanied by oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory, as well as increased expression of antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory genes. Treatment of 4OI could inhibit activation and proliferation of microglial cells and astrocytes, reduce neuronal death and relieve cognitive dysfunction in HI mice. Furthermore, 4OI enhanced nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nfe2l2; Nrf2) expression and nuclear translocation in astrocytes, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and increased antioxidant enzyme expression.
CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that 4OI has a potential therapeutic effect on neuronal damage and cognitive deficits in HIE, potentially through the modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress pathways by Nrf2 in astrocytes.
BACKGROUND: Catheter removal is essential for treating catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI); however, clinicians are sometimes hesitant to remove catheters in pediatric patients due to the difficulty of securing vascular access. Confirming the diagnosis of CRBSI is important to justify catheter removal. The purpose of this study was to describe the sonographic findings of CRBSI.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included patients with a central venous catheter (CVC) or peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) who had a positive blood culture and underwent ultrasound. The patients were classified as with or without CRBSI. Sonographic findings, such as the presence/absence of thrombus, venous wall thickening, hyperechogenicity, and fluid collection around the vein were compared using Fisher's exact test.
RESULTS: Of the 58 patients, 38 (66%) were diagnosed with CRBSI. The presence of thrombus (19/38 vs 3/20, P = .011); and hyperechogenicity around the vein (14/38 vs 2/20, P = .035) differed significantly, but There was no significant difference in the presence of venous wall thickening (10/38 vs 1/20, P = .077), and fluid collection around the vein (5/38 vs 0/20, P = .153), did not differ significantly in patients with and without CRBSI, respectively. One-third of patients with CRBSI, including 11 (42.3%) patients with CVC, and 2 (16.7%) patients with PICC, did not have abnormal sonographic findings.
CONCLUSION: Ultrasound findings are useful for diagnosing CRBSI. However, the sensitivity of sonographic findings is low and abnormal sonographic findings are sometimes absent in children with CRBSI; therefore, physicians should not rule out CRBSI based on normal sonographic findings, especially in patients a CVC and a positive blood culture.
A system for rendering delivery services is provided which includes a portable data collection device. The portable data collection device includes an integrated location determination system and also includes a processor, physical memory, an input device, and a wireless communication system. A trip schedule for an individual or item including a pickup location and a drop off location is provided to the portable data collection device. A respective location identifier is associated with the pickup and drop off locations. The trip schedule is displayed to an individual via the portable data collection device. The occurrence of a pickup is noted utilizing the portable data collection device. The location determination system of the portable data collection device provides a location of the portable data collection device at the occurrence of the pickup. The occurrence of a drop off is noted utilizing the portable data collection device. The location determination system of the portable data collection device provides a location of the portable data collection device at the occurrence of the drop off. The location identifiers associated with the pickup and drop off locations are compared with the location of the portable data collection device at the pickup and drop off locations.
There is no known antidote for overdosage of dopamine agonists. In case of suspected overdose, the excess transdermal system(s) should immediately be removed from the patient. Concentrations of rotigotine decrease after patch removal. The terminal half-life of rotigotine is 5 to 7 hours. The pharmacokinetic profile showed a biphasic elimination with an initial half-life of 3 hours. The patient's heart rate, heart rhythm, and blood pressure should be monitored. As shown in a study of renally impaired patients, dialysis is not expected to be beneficial. Treatment of overdose may require general supportive measures to maintain vital signs. If it is necessary to discontinue use of rotigotine after overdose, it should be discontinued gradually to prevent hyperpyrexia and confusion [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.14)].
INTRODUCTION: Glaucoma is a prevalent cause of irreversible vision impairment, characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) loss, with no currently available effective treatment. Rapamycin (RAPA), an autophagy inducer, has been reported to treat glaucoma in rodent models by promoting RGC survival, but its limited water solubility, systemic toxicity, and pre-treatment requirements hinder its potential clinical applications.
METHODS: Chitosan (CS)-RAPA carbon dot (CRCD) was synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization of CS and RAPA and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. In vitro assays on human umbilical cord vein endothelial and rat retinal cell line examined its biocompatibility and anti-oxidative capabilities, while lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine microglia (BV2) assays measured its effects on microglial polarization. In vivo, using a mouse retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model by acute intraocular pressure elevation, the effects of CRCD on visual function, RGC apoptosis, oxidative stress, and M2 microglial polarization were examined.
RESULTS: CRCD exhibited good water solubility and anti-oxidative capabilities, in the form of free radical scavenging. In vitro, CRCD was bio-compatible and lowered oxidative stress, which was also found in vivo in the retinal I/R model. Additionally, both in vitro with lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells and in vivo with the I/R model, CRCD was able to promote M2 microglial polarization by activating autophagy, which, in turn, down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and TGF-β. All these anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects ultimately aided in preserving RGCs, and subsequently, improved visual function.
DISCUSSION: CRCD could serve as a potential novel treatment strategy for glaucoma, via incorporating RAPA into CDs, in turn not only mitigating its toxic side effects but also enhancing its therapeutic efficacy.
Deflazacort is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory drug. We used deflazacort 30 mg tablet. Patient took a pill once preoperatively (1 hour ago) in third molar surgery.
Subjects will receive escalating doses of (+)-epicatechin starting at 75 mg/day and progressing to 150 mg/day and 225 mg/day with 2 months treatment duration for each dose. Subjects will continue treatment on the individual's maximum tolerated dose for another 6 months.
PRISM care is a multidisciplinary program that includes sessions with a hospital pharmacist about the oral chemotherapy: information is given to the patient on adverse events occurrence and management, optimizing drug dosage plan, including drug-drug interactions. Physical sessions will be planned at the beginning of month 1, month 2 and month 3 after the inclusion, then telephone interviews of physical sessions will be planned at month 4, month 5 and month 6. During all these sessions and during the final physical session at the end of month 6, data will be recorded for outcomes assessment.
The invention relates to the technical field of medicines on the digestive system, in particular to a nanometer carbon powder and application thereof. The dispersion ratio of the nanometer carbon powder in water is 99.17 percent, and the particle size of more than 95 percent of particles is smaller than or equal to 5 nm. After being applied to the field of medicines and prepared into preparations, the nanometer carbon powder has good effects on gastric ulcer, helicobacter pylori, gastritis, duodenal ulcer, ulcerative colitis, dysentery, enteric infectious diseases and spread of cancer cells and can significantly improve the life quality of people. For treatment of gastric ulcer, the effect is superior to that of sucralfate positive drugs. For inhibition of helicobacter pylori, the effect is superior to that of omeprazole but is inferior to clarithromycin. When the usage amount of the nanometer carbon powder is small than 50 mg/kg, the nanometer carbon powder is nontoxic.
This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the surgical technique versus the per cutaneous computed tomographic guided technique of celiac plexus neurolysis for pain management in unresectable pancreatic cancer . all patients suffering from pain of pancreatic cancer with VAS≥5 undergoing laparotomy and proved to be unresectable either undergoing biopsy or bypass surgery will receive celiac plexus neurolysis either intraoperative or post operative CT guided . All patients will be managed by systemic analgesic if the block not sufficient . In this study we will give the patient the analgesic according to WHO recommendation as starting by non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs as diclofenac sodium, if it is not sufficient we will give them opioids as tramadol, and for neuropathic pain gabapentin. All drugs will be given with escalating dose . Failed block defined as change in VAS between VAS BASELINE AND ONE MONTH ≤ 3 may need to repeat the block by percutaneous technique .
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To safely produce the subject compound having excellent vasodilator actions and useful for an improvement, etc., of cerebral vasospasm after a surgical operation on subarachnoid hemorrhage in a good yield by reacting an isoquinolinesulfonyl halide compound hydrohalide with homopiperazine in an ethereal solvent, etc. SOLUTION: (A) A 5-isoquiholinesulfonyl halide compound hydrohalide represented by formula I (X is a halogen) (e.g. 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl chloride hydrochloride) is reacted with (B) a homopiperazine represented by formula II in a molar amount of 2-4 times based on the component A with an ethereal solvent (preferably t-butyl methyl ether, etc.), an ester-based solvent (preferably ethyl acetate, etc.), or an aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvent (preferably anisole, etc.), preferably in the presence of a tertiary amine, etc., such as triethylamine, preferably at 0-10 deg.C temperature to afford the objective compound represented by formula III.
The invention discloses a method of extracting Alpha amylase inhibitor from kidney beans. The method is as follows: the crushed kidney beans are first dispersed in a buffer solution with a definite pH value, and then shifted into an ultrasonic device for ultrasonic extraction, and then conducted enzyme elimination, centrifugalization, dialysis and ethanol sediment, dried and finally the Alpha amylase inhibitor is obtained. The Alpha amylase inhibitor extracted from kidney beans in the invention is a white solid powder with a protein content of 80 to 95 percent and an inhibitory activity of 5,000 to 50,000 U/g. Compared with the prior method of lixiviation and extraction, the method of extracting Alpha amylase inhibitor from kidney beans has the characteristics of high speed, high efficiency, energy conservation and small pollution. The one-time extracted Alpha amylase inhibitor has high content and strong activity, thereby avoiding the fact that circulative extractions consume a large quantity of water and energy. The method of extracting Alpha amylase inhibitor from kidney beans is a novel green environment-friendly technology with a wide range of application prospects.