anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The role of synapsin II in both the reformation and the maintenance of synaptic connections in cultured hippocampal neurons can be the basis of therapy for neurodegenerative disorder, particularly Alzheimer disease, which involve the disruption of synapses. When synapsin II expression in neurons is blocked by antisense synapsin II oligonucleotides, the ability of hippocampal neurons to reform as well as to maintain synapses is severely disrupted. Antisense suppression of synapsin II after axon formation but immediately before synaptogenesis prevents synapse formation. Suppression of synapsin II after synaptogenesis disrupts the majority of existing synapses. Re-expression of synapsin II in synapsin deficient neurons achieved after removing the antisense oligonucleotides leads to the re-establishment of synaptic connections, providing direct evidence that synapsin II is required for the maintenance and/or restoration of synapses. Thus, therapeutic methods based on the reformation and the maintenance of synapses, including delivery of the synapsin cDNAS or proteins into the patient's nervous system, use of the synapsin cDNAS to promote the synapse forming ability of cells for grafting, and use of agents that increase the expression of, enhancing the activity of, or mimic the activity of, the endogenous synapsins, can provide treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
NARCAN® Naloxone Nasal Spray will be used to determine how the opioid tone shapes VR-induced hypoalgesia. Participants will be stratified for sex and then randomized to naloxone (The dose of naloxone will be 4 mg, so 0.1 mL of 40 mg/ml naloxone solution given intranasally) or saline (0.1 mL 0.9% sodium chloride intranasally), respectively. Investigators, staff, and participants will be blinded to the treatment options.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a formulation, mainly composed of a collagen, in which effect of the collagen is increased.  <P>SOLUTION: This formulation comprises the collagen and a water-soluble decomposed product of a nucleoprotein obtained by hydrolyzing the nucleoprotein with a protease and a nuclease until such an extent as to contain 50-70% fraction having 1,000-3,000 molecular weight. A food product and a cosmetic each comprises the formulation. The nucleoprotein is preferably obtained from fishes, e.g. a salmon, a trout, a herring or a soft roe of a codfish. As a water-soluble property of the water-soluble decomposed product of the nucleoprotein, 8 wt.% aqueous solution of the water-soluble nucleoprotein exhibits ≤2.0 absorbance/10 mm layer at normal temperature and a wavelength of 380 nm.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Prenatal molecular genetic testing for familial variants that cause inherited disorders has been performed for decades and is accepted as standard of care. However, the spectrum of genes considered for prenatal testing is expanding because of genetic testing for hereditary cancer risk (HCR) and inclusion of conditions with associated cancer risk in carrier screening panels. A few of these disorders, such as ataxia telangiectasia and Bloom syndrome, include increased cancer risk as part of the phenotype, already meet professional guidelines for prenatal testing, and may be associated with increased cancer risk in heterozygous carriers. In addition, recent studies implicate heterozygosity for variants in lysosomal storage disease genes in HCR etiology. Currently, there is no specific professional guidance regarding prenatal testing for HCR. To determine the prevalence of such testing, we reviewed 1345 consecutive prenatal specimens received in our laboratory for familial variant-specific testing and identified 65 (4.8%) with a known or likely HCR component, plus 210 (15.6%) for lysosomal storage disease. These specimens were classified into five distinct categories for clarity and to enable evaluation. Our experience assessing prenatal specimens for variants associated with HCR, with or without a constitutional phenotype, provides metrics for and contributes to the points to consider in prenatal testing for HCR.
We conducted a prospective cohort study in patients with newly diagnosed dengue infection at Hospital Posadas in Argentina, between January 1, 2023, and november 1, 2023. Diagnosis was confirmed by IgM serology or PCR. Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium concentration ≤135 mEq/L.
The treatment of pterygium is still quite controversial. There is a lack of consensus in the ophthalmological community about the optimal surgical management of pterygia. The main challenge to successful surgical treatment of pterygium is recurrence, evidenced by fibrovascular growth across the limbus onto the cornea.

Previous studies using a large incision for pterygium excision and a large graft and has reported a very low recurrence rate with the P.E.R.F.E.C.T. technique. However, the P.E.R.F.E.C.T. for PTERYGIUM technique is not that perfect since it is a lengthy procedure, requires meticulous handling of tissue, and is associated with significant postoperative pain and, frequently, transient diplopia. Therefore, we try to evaluate the final outcome of a sutureless amniotic membrane transplant technique combining the extended pterygium excision in hope to avoid the complication of the P.E.R.F.E.C.T. for PTERYGIUM technique. This sutureless technique with the tissue glue may promote increased clinical use of amniotic membrane patch by alleviating patients' pain and shortening surgical time.
To address this question behaviorally and biologically, the investigators will use a, 2-day fear extinction paradigm while measuring behavioral psychophysiology (skin conductance response \[SCR\]) and neurophysiology (electroencephalography \[EEG\]). On Day 1 participants will undergo 1) habituation, 2) fear conditioning, and 3) extinction learning. On Day 2 they will undergo 4) extinction recall, and 5) reinstatement. SCR and EEG will be measured in both sessions. The investigators propose to investigate whether inhibitory tDCS to the pre-SMA before, during, or after fear extinction significantly 1) enhances the recall of extinction learning and 2) reduces fronto-medial theta power during extinction recall. Participants will be randomized to one of the following four conditions: active tDCS before, during, or after extinction learning, or sham tDCS. The fear extinction paradigm serves as a proxy of exposure-based CBT for OCD. Defining the combination protocol that optimally and significantly increases extinction recall behaviorally (psychophysiology) in OCD, will have critical implications for the mechanistically informed development of tDCS-augmented CBT for OCD. EEG measures will provide a response biomarker to characterize target engagement neurophysiologically. This is particularly relevant given EEG's ease of use, relatively low cost, and potential for greater translation to the clinic. Also, the higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of EEG compared to SCR is a strength. Taken together, these data should reveal treatment targets, define optimal therapeutic protocols, and provide the foundation for a future clinical trial to test the synergistic efficacy of combined tDCS-CBT for OCD.
SCOPE: Short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate are produced through the fermentation of dietary fiber by colonic bacteria. Preclinical studies indicate an anticancer potential of butyrate, but clinical evidence shows greater variability. The study hypothesizes the effectiveness of butyrate on reducing colon cancer cell migration and invasion may vary due to the cell-type.
METHODS AND RESULTS: The study determines the efficacy of butyrate (0-4 mM) to inhibit cancer cell migration, invasion, and related signaling proteins in three distinct human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines: HCT116, HT-29, and Caco-2. Butyrate exhibits a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on cancer cell migration and invasion. This inhibitory potential on oncogenic focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and sarcoma (Src) proteins is greater in HCT116 cells (1.1 and 0.8-fold) and HT-29 cells (0.9 and 0.4-fold) compared to Caco-2 cells, respectively. Conversely, E-cadherin protein, a classical epithelial cell marker and potential tumor suppressor, is 2.3-fold greater in HCT116 cells than in HT-29 cells and Caco-2 cells. Moreover, survival analysis from a public cancer database demonstrates that CRC patients with high E-cadherin expression have a 13% greater 5-year survival rate than those with low expression.
CONCLUSION: Collectively, butyrate's anti-cancer efficacy on CRC cells varies depending on cell-type and is linked to the FAK/Src/E-cadherin pathway.
Propofol has become a microtubule-stabilizing drug for prostate cancer (PC) therapy, but propofol resistance impairs the therapeutic effect. This study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of propofol in the pathogenesis of PC through mechanisms involving N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. The changes in PC cell malignancy were evaluated by means of transwell, cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), western blotting and tumour xenograft model assays. Long noncoding RNA TRHDE-AS1 and m6A methyltransferase METTL14 expression levels were determined via reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The m6A modification of TRHDE-AS1 which was mediated by METTL14 was confirmed by conducting methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) assay. We observed that propofol (200 μM) inhibited PC cell malignancy in vivo and in vitro, elucidating that it impaired cell proliferation, migration and tumour growth but induced apoptosis. TRHDE-AS1 expression was observed to be lower in PC cells and tissues, and propofol induced TRHDE-AS1 upregulation in PC cells. Propofol was capable of reversing the tumour-promoting effect of TRHDE-AS1 knockdown in PC cells. Additionally, METTL14 was upstream of TRHDE-AS1 to induce m6A modification of TRHDE-AS1 in PC cells. Collectively, our results show that propofol prevents PC progression by upregulating TRHDE-AS1 expression and METTL14 is involved in the m6A modification of TRHDE-AS1. These findings suggest that TRHDE-AS1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the improvement of propofol's therapeutic effect.
The air pump was turned off before colonoscopy. During the whole procedure of the scope insertion, residual air in lumen was suctioned and 37°C (maintained with a water bath) water was infused with a peristaltic pump to obtain lumen visualization. Air was insufflated until cecum was reached or appendix opening was seen.
A system for medical data governance using large language models is disclosed. The system receives a user input including at least one search query to retrieve first medical data from one or more medical data governance (MDG) databases. The system applies one or more large language models (LLMs) on the received at least one search query, wherein the one or more LLMs are pre-trained models. The system determines metadata associated with the at least one search query based on the application of the one or more LLMs on the received search query. The system queries a first MDG database of the one or more MDG databases based on the determined metadata to retrieve the first medical data. The system outputs the retrieved first medical data.
OBJECTIVE: Auditory hallucinations (hearing voices) have been associated with a range of altered cognitive functions, pertaining to signal detection, source-monitoring, memory, inhibition and language processes. Yet, empirical results are inconsistent. Despite this, several theoretical models of auditory hallucinations persist, alongside increasing emphasis on the utility of a multidimensional framework. Thus, clarification of current evidence across the broad scope of proposed mechanisms is warranted.
METHOD: A systematic search of the Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted. Records were screened to confirm the use of an objective behavioural cognitive task, and valid measurement of hallucinations specific to the auditory modality.
RESULTS: Auditory hallucinations were primarily associated with difficulties in perceptual decision-making (i.e. reduced sensitivity/accuracy for signal-noise discrimination; liberal responding to ambiguity), source-monitoring (i.e. self-other and temporal context confusion), working memory and language function (i.e. reduced verbal fluency). Mixed or limited support was observed for perceptual feature discrimination, imagery vividness/illusion susceptibility, source-monitoring for stimulus form and spatial context, recognition and recall memory, executive functions (e.g. attention, inhibition), emotion processing and language comprehension/hemispheric organisation.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings were considered within predictive coding and self-monitoring frameworks. Of concern was the portion of studies which - despite offering auditory-hallucination-specific aims and inferences - employed modality-general measures, and/or diagnostic-based contrasts with psychologically healthy individuals. This review highlights disparities within the literature between theoretical conceptualisations of auditory hallucinations and the body of rigorous empirical evidence supporting such inferences. Future cognitive investigations, beyond the schizophrenia-spectrum, which explicitly define and measure the timeframe and sensory modality of hallucinations, are recommended.
BACKGROUND: Agitation/delirium is commonly seen in children after anesthesia, and a proper dose of dexmedetomidine can prevent this complication. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) on agitation/delirium and other complications in anesthetized children, providing clinical evidence for dose recommendations of DEX.
METHODS: This study was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A systematic search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Two independent researchers performed literature screening, data extraction, and assessed the methodological quality. Data analysis was conducted using R and STATA 16.0.
RESULTS: In the final analysis, 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 2521 children were included. The results showed that in comparison to normal saline, 1 µg/kg, 1.5 µg/kg, and 2 µg/kg intranasal DEX significantly reduced the incidence of post-anesthetic emergence agitation in children with the most effective dose being 2 µg/kg (SUCRA = 0.91). Compared with normal saline, 1 µg/kg, 1.5 µg/kg, and 2 µg/kg intranasal DEX reduced patient's need for postoperative analgesia, with the most effective dose being 1.5 µg/kg (SUCRA = 0.78). However, 1 µg/kg DEX performed the best in reducing Pediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) Scale score (SUCRA = 0.88).
CONCLUSION: Compared with normal saline, intranasal administration of 2 µg/kg DEX and 1.5 µg/kg DEX are the optimal doses to reduce the incidence of agitation and the need for postoperative pain relief in children under general anesthesia. Given effectiveness and safety, intranasal use of 1 µg/kg DEX appears to be the most effective dosage for anesthetized children.
PURPOSE:To obtain the result of measurement with good accuracy by absorbing once a sample to be measured in a dried porous material, disposing the same near a carrier for electrophoresis and introducing a sample thereto. CONSTITUTION:The sample is dropped through a sample injecting nozzle 2 onto a sample absorber 1 consisting of dry filter paper. A trisglycine buffer soln. is then poured through an injecting nozzle 3 and an injecting port 4 into an upper electrolytic cell 5 and a lower electrolytic cell 6 to prepare an upper electrolyte 7 and a lower electrolyte 8. A DC voltage is impressed between platinum electrodes (cathode) 10 and (anode) 11 from a DC power source. The various components in the sample absorber 1 are migrated to an antibody immo bilized film 12 fixed with the antibody for the component desired to be measured and only the measuring component is trapped in the film 12. The other com ponents pass through the film 12 and migrate into the lower electrolyte 8. An antibody soln. labeling luminol is then injected from a nozzle 13 onto the film 12 and the DC voltage is impressed thereto. The electrolytes 7, 8 are discharged and a soln. of a hypochlorous acid and H2O3 is injected onto the film 12. The quantity of the light emitted from the film 12 is measured by a photocounter.
The investigators have found that theanine, an amino acid in green tea, has anti-stress and anti-aging effects using experimental animals. Mice, under chronic psychosocial stress, showed shortened longevity and brain dysfunction. However, when the mice ingested theanine, they showed normal longevity and brain function even though the mice were under psychosocial stress. These data showed that theanine has a significant anti-stress effect on mice. In addition, theanine has been reported to have an anti-stress effect on humans against short-term stress by measuring salivary amylase activity. However, the efficacy of theanine against chronic stress has not been examined. Long-term pharmacy practices might induce chronic stress in students. Based on this background, the investigators designed a randomized study to evaluate the clinical efficacy of theanine ingestion in suppressing chronic stress in students during long-term pharmacy practices.
PURPOSE:To obtain the subject highly safe inhibitor having activity to improve blood lipid level balance, thus excellent in effect of inhibiting arteriosclerosis. CONSTITUTION:This arteriosclerosis inhibitor consisting of an extract from bark of Schinopsis lerentzii. The extract can be obtained by the following processes: bark of Schinopsis lerentzii, pref. its root rich in medicinal ingredient(s) is dried and cut into fine pieces, and then immersed in water and/or a polar organic solvent at room temperature for 1-3 days, or at the boiling point of the extraction solvent for 1-5hr, followed by, if needed, removing insolubles through filtration, or concentration under reduced pressures or by ultrafiltration and then evaporating the solvent to dryness. The extract can be pref. obtained by warm water extraction, filtration and then lyophilization. This inhibitor is used as a medicinal composition for treating circulatory diseases, or as a health food or functional food.
An adverse fetal environment characterized by low birth weight (LBW) plays a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The investigators recently demonstrated a 3-fold increase in liver fat in 26 early middle-aged LBW compared to 22 normal birth weight (NBW) men, and 20% of the LBW - but none of the normal birth weight (NBW) - men had previously unknown non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The investigators hypothesize that ectopic fat deposition and NAFLD is among the earliest disease manifestations and on the critical path to the development of more severe cardiometabolic disease in LBW. The investigators furthermore hypothesize, that LBW individuals exhibit ectopic liver fat due to reduced capacity to store fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) depot, and that early detection and subsequent intensive caloric restriction, in middle-aged LBW individuals with overt NAFLD, may represent a targeted and highly efficient way forward to prevent more severe cardiometabolic disease manifestations in LBW subjects. To further explore the recent findings, the investigators aim to perform an extended nested case-control screening study for NAFLD in 250 early middle-aged non-obese LBW men and women, and subsequently to conduct a deep-phenotyping, proof-of-principle 4 week time-restricted eating (TRE) intervention study in 12 LBW subjects with NAFLD including measures of hepatic fat content, glucose, insulin and lipid metabolism, as well as 24h metabolic profiles using respiratory chambers. Finally, the investigators will provide extended in-depth mechanistic insight into transcriptional, epigenetic as well as functional SAT and preadipocyte perturbations underlying impaired SAT expandability in LBW individuals with and without NAFLD and NBW controls studied before and after different dietary interventions including TRE and high carbohydrate overfeeding.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a colored powder which is useful as a raw material for cosmetics having stabilized colors of blue, green, yellow or the like in no need of dyes and pigments by forming multi-layers of thin films different in refractive index on the surface of powdery nuclear particles and adjusting the form of interfacial waves of the reflection light in the multi-layer film. SOLUTION: On the surface of powdery nuclear particles 1, a plurality of coating layers 2, 3 different in refractive index are formed. As the powdery nuclear particles, are prelerably an organic substance, for example, spherical acrylic resin particles. The material constituting the coating layers may be arbitrarily selected from inorganic metal compounds, metals or their alloys and organic substances. The inorganic metal compounds are, for example, oxides or multiple oxides of Fe, Ni, Cr or the like, or iron nitride. The elementary metal is, for example, metallic silver, metallic cobalt or the like. The metal alloy is, for example, iron-nickel alloy, iron-cobalt alloy or the like. As an orgtrnic substance, are cited cellulose, polyamide and the like. The particle size of this powder is 0.01μm to several mm.  The bulk powder particles of this cosmetic can maintain clear colors for a long period of time.
Placebo consists of oat hull. Participants receive a daily oral dose of a placebo matching the appearance and dosage form of ResArgin for 90 days.
A composition for preventing and treating eczema and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of daily necessities. The composition takes the belvedere fruit, the lightyellow sophora root, the densefruit pittany root-bark and the amur corktree bark as effective traditional Chinese medicine raw materials, can effectively clear heat, dry dampness, relieve itching and relieve and treat eczema symptoms of infants. And the schizonepeta and the divaricate saposhnikovia root are used for expelling and discharging herpes viruses, so that eczema is easy to send out, and the effects of relieving and treating the eczema are further achieved. Furthermore, the eupatorium and the mint with cool smell and special aromatic smell are used as raw materials, so that parents and infants feel pleasurable in bathing centers and experience is good. In addition, the mulberry leaves and the chrysanthemum raw materials can ensure that the cleaning effect of the composition is better. In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the composition, which can prepare the mild and non-irritant composition for preventing and treating eczema in a simple and convenient manner, has low preparation cost and is suitable for popularization and use.