anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is no consensus on the optimal vancomycin dose to achieve pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target in patients with hematologic cancer or in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. A 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) >400 mg*h/L must be achieved early for successful treatment of severe methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Current nomograms derived from general population data are not sufficiently accurate to allow AUC-based model-informed precision dosing. The objective of this study was to characterize vancomycin PK in patients with hematologic cancer or in HSCT recipients and to develop a model-informed dosing tool based on PK/PD target requirements.
METHODS: Pooled retrospective and prospective vancomycin serum concentrations were analyzed using NONMEM® to evaluate the performance of previously published population PK (popPK) models built from hematologic cancer datasets and to develop a novel Bayesian PK model. Patients' characteristics and clinical data were tested as potential covariates. The popPK model was validated internally and externally. Predictions of vancomycin concentrations for different dosing regimens were made using Monte-Carlo simulations, and a nomogram strategy was proposed according to selected probability of target attainment (PTA).
RESULTS: The predictive performance of the published popPK models was found to be suboptimal for our population. A novel popPK model was developed using 240 vancomycin concentrations (60 patients). A two-compartment structural model with an additive error model best described the data. Ideal body weight and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI)] were selected as covariates for volume of distribution (V) and clearance (CL). Bootstrapping confirmed the stability and precision of the popPK parameters. The volume of distribution was V1 = 46.8 L and V2 = 56.1 L, while CL = 5.63 L/h. External validation using 107 vancomycin concentrations (24 patients) demonstrated the predictivity of the model. A nomogram was developed to reach minimally PTA >50% for 400 < AUC < 600 mg*h/L.
CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this study provides the first model-informed AUC-based strategy in North American hematologic cancer patients with or without HSCT. The resulting nomogram generated provides a simplified approach to improving the accuracy of initial vancomycin dosing in this population.
The present invention concerns methods and compositions related to a chelator and a HHRT ligand. In specific embodiments of the invention the chelator is conjugated to the HHRT ligand. In another specific embodiment of the invention, the chelator is chelated to a metal. In a particular embodiment of the invention, there is a metal species that is chelated to a chelator, which is then directly or indirectly conjugated to a HHRT ligand. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a therapeutic agent. In particular cases, the compositions are employed for cancer diagnosis and/or therapy.
A molecular clock network is crucial for daily physiology and maintaining organismal health. We examined the interactions and importance of intratissue clock networks in muscle tissue maintenance. In arrhythmic mice showing premature aging, we created a basic clock module involving a central and a peripheral (muscle) clock. Reconstituting the brain-muscle clock network is sufficient to preserve fundamental daily homeostatic functions and prevent premature muscle aging. However, achieving whole muscle physiology requires contributions from other peripheral clocks. Mechanistically, the muscle peripheral clock acts as a gatekeeper, selectively suppressing detrimental signals from the central clock while integrating important muscle homeostatic functions. Our research reveals the interplay between the central and peripheral clocks in daily muscle function and underscores the impact of eating patterns on these interactions.
The present invention relates to systems and methods for constructing a regional medical data exchange infrastructure that can provide the aggregation and presentation of personal health data that previously exists in different health care organizations in a segmented fashion. More particularly, the present invention relates to systems and methods for establishing a regional medical data exchange infrastructure, identifying patients across multiple different organizations, creating patient medical data pointers and routing tables, and generating comprehensive medical data sets for an enrolled population. One feature of this present invention permits the regional medical data exchange infrastructure to be built without any protected health information (PHI) being stored in any centralized databases. Another feature of the present invention permits the continuous operation of the regional medical data exchange infrastructure even when the centralized facility experiences downtime. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention permit both local and global logging and tracking of data flows and user activities to satisfy HIPAA compliances. Alternative embodiments of the present invention permit the preservation of the data ownership for the participating organizations.
Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The most common ocular adverse reaction observed in controlled clinical studies with RHOPRESSA dosed once daily was conjunctival hyperemia which was reported in 53% of patients. Six percent of patients discontinued therapy due to conjunctival hyperemia. Other common (approximately 20%) ocular adverse reactions reported were: corneal verticillata, instillation site pain, and conjunctival hemorrhage. Instillation site erythema, corneal staining, blurred vision, increased lacrimation, erythema of eyelid, and reduced visual acuity were reported in 5-10% of patients.

Corneal Verticillata

Corneal verticillata occurred in approximately 20% of the patients in controlled clinical studies. The corneal verticillata seen in RHOPRESSA-treated patients were first noted at 4 weeks of daily dosing. This reaction did not result in any apparent visual functional changes in patients. Most corneal verticillata resolved upon discontinuation of treatment.
Patients scheduled to have total knee arthroplasty will typically receive a single shot adductor canal block to serve as the primary anesthetic and as part of a multi-modal post-operative analgesic plan. The use of adductor canal block is still limited to where trained anesthesiologists in regional anesthesia are available. There are other nonopioid analgesic adjuncts, such as Lidocaine, which is is widely available and is a very commonly used local anesthetic. A major advantage of lidocaine is that it is not associated with a significant side effect profile. Intravenous lidocaine which can be administered during surgery and/or after surgery has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects and can significantly decrease the reliance on opioid use for adequate pain management in abdominal and spine surgeries. The addition of systemic lidocaine infusion as part of a multimodal analgesia strategy to minimize opioid related side effects might prove to be a useful combination for clinicians where adductor canal blocks are not a viable option. However, the level of evidence comparing the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine versus adductor canal block to reduce postoperative opioid consumption in patients undergoing TKA is limited. We hypothesized that there will be no meaningful clinical difference between systemic lidocaine and ultrasound-guided adductor canal block in the 24-hour postoperative analgesia period.
BACKGROUND: The wellbeing and safety of international tourists is a paramount concern for governments and stakeholders. Mortality among travellers and the causes of death serve as a significant metric of destination safety. We describe the epidemiology and causes of death among international travellers in Peru.
METHODS: Data retrieved from the Peruvian government's deaths certificates registry included all non-residents who died between January 2017 and December 2021. We analysed the national incidence and causes of death among international travellers in Peru. Causes of death were classified into non-communicable diseases (NCD), communicable diseases and injuries. We classified fatalities according to the existence of preventive measures that could be provided during the travel medicine consultation to decrease the risk.
RESULTS: We obtained records from 1514 deaths among international travellers (973 males, 64%). The incidence increased from 0.2 deaths per 10 000 travellers in 2017 to 9.9 in 2021. NCDs were the most common causes of death (n = 560, 37%), followed by communicable diseases (n = 487, 32%), and injuries (n = 321, 21%). Causes of death were unknown in 9.7% of the records. The leading causes of death in these categories were cancer, cardiovascular disease, COVID-19 and trauma. We found similar sex distribution of NCDs in travellers aged >50 years and higher rates of communicable diseases among males across all ages. Injury-associated deaths were significantly higher among males aged 18-29 years (P < 0.001) compared with other sex-age groups. We estimated that for 57.7% of deaths risk could have been decreased through pre-travel advice.
CONCLUSION: Rates of deaths among travellers to Peru increased over time. Most deaths were due to NCDs, followed by communicable diseases and injuries. Pre-travel medical optimization and effective advice focused on age-sex and destination specific risks could reduce risk among travellers. Increased awareness among travel medicine practitioners and improvement of emergency medical response systems in Peru could decrease mortality.
The invention relates to a method for processing bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae. The method comprises three steps, namely drying, cleansing, and redrying. The steps are characterized by the cleansing method: (1) preparation of cleansing liquid: preparing hypochlorite aqueous solution with 3 to 10 percent of mass concentration. (2) cleansing the dried bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae in the cleansing liquid for 3 to 5 minutes and taking dried bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae out. The bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae medicinal product obtained from the method is milk white and does not have any parti-colours. The colour is even so that the overall appearance is improved. The bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae processed by this method is free from excessive sulphur content, and the quality of the product is also improved.
In 2017-2018, the study team worked closely with the Rwanda Ministry of Health (MOH) to develop and pilot test a theory-based, multi-level intervention targeting postpartum family planning (PPFP) supply and demand in 4 government health facilities in Kigali, the capital. This innovative PPFP intervention was informed by clients, clinic providers, champions, and Community Health Workers. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), the intrauterine device (PPIUD) and implant, are fundamental to PPFP programs. LARCs are highly effective and are the only reversible methods that may be safely used in early postpartum period by breastfeeding women. During the pilot, LARC uptake among postpartum women increased significantly (172% for PP implant, 2,687% for PPIUD), PPFP feasibility and acceptability were high among providers and clients, and side-effects were rare.

The study team now proposes to use an implementation science framework to evaluate the effectiveness of different PPFP demand creation strategies and test the hypothesis that our PPFP intervention is adaptable to large-scale implementation, cost-effective, and sustainable. In a Type 2 effectiveness-implementation hybrid study, we will evaluate facility organizational readiness prior to implementing the PPFP intervention in a clinic randomized trial in 10 high-volume health facilities in Kigali, Rwanda (Aim 1). Adaptability and sustainability within government facilities is a critical aspect of the proposal, and the MOH and other local stakeholders will be engaged from the outset. It is expected that this project will deliver PPFP counseling to over 21,000 women/couples during the project period. They will then evaluate the PPFP intervention effectiveness and implementation processes using RE-AIM (Aim 2). The team hypothesizes that the PPFP intervention will significantly increase the number of stakeholders engaged, PPFP providers and promoters, couples/clients receiving information about PPFP (reach), and LARC uptake (effectiveness) comparing intervention versus standard of care. It is expected that PPFP client satisfaction will be high and side-effects will be rare. The independent effectiveness of each demand creation strategy on LARC uptake will be estimated. Assessment of measures of PPFP intervention adoption, implementation, and maintenance at the patient-, provider- and stakeholder-level to assess PPFP intervention sustainability will be completed by the study team. Finally, this project will evaluate PPFP intervention cost-effectiveness and develop a national costed implementation plan to guide Rwandan MOH decision-making for nationwide roll-out of PPFP services (Aim 3). This trial hypothesizes that the PPFP intervention will be cost-saving relative to standard of care.

This intervention represents an important contribution to the Rwanda Family Planning 2020 goals and the MOH are enthusiastic to see our successful pilot efforts expanded to a larger number of facilities for greater and sustained impact. The new PPFP implementation model is designed to be replicable and expandable to other countries in the region which similarly have high unmet need for PPFP.
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a characteristic feature of the asthmatic condition in humans. There is an association between AHR and eosinophilic airway inflammation. However, even though eosinophilic inflammation can be abolished with appropriate therapy, it is typical that AHR improves only modestly with treatment. The determinants of AHR are poorly understood. Recent data implicate mediators such as the cytokine Interleukin-13 (IL-13), structural changes to the airway wall (remodeling), increased contractility of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) and loss of mechanical connections or tethering, as potential factors contributing to AHR.

There is also uncertainty around the site of airway narrowing in asthma. In normal airways, bronchii around the 4th order have the greatest contribution to total resistance. It is hypothesized that the site of greatest resistance is moved distally in asthma and might even involve quite small airways close to the level of terminal bronchioles. Non-invasive methods to assess airway caliber in vivo are still unproven. One untested concern is that the airways of subjects with severe AHR have the potential to close completely putting them at risk of severe and even fatal airflow obstruction.

We propose to study AHR in humans with asthma: we will determine the relationships between AHR and (i) eosinophilic inflammation in the airway (sputum cellularity) via sputum induction, (ii) soluble mediators of inflammation (IL-13, IL-4, IL-5), (iii) remodeling of the airway wall (sub-epithelial fibrosis, ASMC accumulation)via biopsy. In addition we will compare measurements of AHR assessed by inhalation challenge with the results of direct, local installation of methacholine. At bronchoscopy, methacholine is delivered to the airway and bronchoconstriction is assessed directly. This method will allow study of proximal and distal airways, identification of heterogeneity of responses among airways and the extent to which human airways can constrict in vivo.
A multistep continuous flow synthesis method, suitable for producing a yield greater than 90 %, for the manufacture of isonicotinyl-hydrazide (Isoniazid) comprising reacting 4-cyano pyridine with sodium hydroxide in a molar ratio of 1:0.1 to 1:0.7 and at a temperature of 90 °C to 105 °C to form an intermediate isonicotinamide and then reacting the pyridine-4-carboxamide with hydrazine hydrate in a molar ratio of 1:1.75 – 1:2.50 at a temp. of 100 °C – 120 °C. The reaction of 4-cyano pyridine with NaOH has a residence time of 9 to 32 minutes and the reaction of isonicotinamide with hydrazine hydrate has a residence time of 10 to 25 minutes. Preferably, the first step is performed in aqueous methanol and at 95 degC. Most preferably, the second step is carried out at 105 degC with a residence time of 10 minutes. The yield of isoniazid from 4-cyanopyridine may be up to 96 %.
BACKGROUND: Most previous studies of frailty trajectories in older adults focus on the average trajectory and ignore death. Longitudinal quantile analysis of frailty trajectories permits the definition of reference curves, and the application of mortal cohort inference provides more realistic estimates than models that ignore death.
METHODS: Using data from individuals aged 65 or older (n = 25 446) from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) from 2004 to 2020, we derived repeated values of the Frailty Index (FI) based on the accumulation of health deficits. We applied weighted Generalized Estimating Equations to estimate the quantiles of the FI trajectory, adjusting for sample attrition due to death, sex, education, and cohort.
RESULTS: The FI quantiles increased with age and progressed faster for those with the highest level of frailty (β^a0.9 = 0.0229, p < .001; β^a0.5 = 0.0067, p < .001; H0: βa0.5=βa0.9, p < .001). Education was consistently associated with a slower progression of the FI in all quantiles (β^ae0.1 = -0.0001, p < .001; β^ae0.5 =-0.0004, p < .001; β^ae0.9 = -0.0003, p < .001) but sex differences varied across the quantiles. Women with the highest level of frailty showed a slower progression of the FI than men when considering death. Finally, no cohort effects were observed for the FI progression.
CONCLUSIONS: Quantile FI trajectories varied by age, sex, education, and cohort. These differences could inform the practice of interventions aimed at older adults with the highest level of frailty.
The usual maintenance dose of miglitol tablets is 50 mg taken 3 times daily, although some patients may benefit from increasing the dose to 100 mg 3 times daily. To allow adaptation to potential gastrointestinal adverse effects, it is recommended that miglitol tablets therapy be initiated at a dosage of 25 mg 3 times daily, then gradually titrated upward to allow adaptation. After 4 to 8 weeks of the 25 mg 3 times daily regimen, the dosage should be increased to 50 mg 3 times daily for approximately three months, following which a glycosylated hemoglobin level should be measured to assess therapeutic response. If at that time, the glycosylated hemoglobin level is not satisfactory, the dosage may be further increased to 100 mg 3 times daily, the maximum recommended dosage. Pooled data from controlled studies suggest a dose-response for both HbA1c and one-hour postprandial plasma glucose throughout the recommended dosage range. However, no single study has examined the effect on glycemic control of titrating patients' doses upwards within the same study. If no further reduction in postprandial glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin levels is observed with titration to 100 mg 3 times daily, consideration should be given to lowering the dose. Once an effective and tolerated dosage is established, it should be maintained.
The invention discloses an antibacterial peptide ATMP7 mutant for improving the antioxidant stress capability of animals after toxicity attack and application thereof. The mutants are respectively A7-S1, A7-S2 and A7-S3, the amino acid sequences of which are shown as SEQ ID NO. 2, SEQ ID NO. 21 and SEQ ID NO. 22. The mutant disclosed by the invention is convenient to artificially synthesize, low in cost, and superior to ATMP7 in antibacterial activity and application effect, and has better acid resistance. The mutant can improve the oxidation resistance of the white feather broiler after toxin attack, and the clostridium welchii and escherichia coli are adopted to attack the toxin of the white feather broiler, so that the organism generates oxidative stress, and the addition of the mutant can relieve the oxidative stress of the white feather broiler after toxin attack, improve the immunity of the organism, recover the jejunum morphological structure, adjust the intestinal flora structure and improve the intestinal barrier function, thereby providing a reference basis for the antimicrobial peptide in the breeding application.
INTRODUCTION: Over the last few years, there has been a substantial increase in the data available about the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in improving cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Very little new information is available for the other groups of glucose-lowering drugs.
AREAS COVERED: This brief report summarizes the recent information about the respective benefits of the two newer groups of glucose-lowering drugs and the effects on cardiovascular risk factors that may be involved in these benefits. The articles reviewed were identified by a Medline search.
EXPERT OPINION: Recent guidelines recommend SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 RAs with proven cardiovascular disease benefits as potential first line treatment for patients with T2D and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or those with high risk of ASCVD or with chronic kidney disease or heart failure. Both groups of drugs have been shown to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events, but the mechanisms vary between them. SGLT2 inhibitors are preferred for the treatment and prevention of heart failure and chronic kidney disease, whereas GLP-1 RAs are more effective in reducing body weight and improving glycemic control in patients with T2D.
BACKGROUND: The potential health effects of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been insufficiently examined in Asian contexts. This study aimed to assess the impact of SSB taxation on the prevalence of obesity/overweight and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Hong Kong using a willingness-to-pay (WTP) survey and simulation analysis.
METHODS: A random telephone survey was conducted with 1000 adults from May to June 2020. We used a contingent valuation approach to assess individuals' WTP for SSBs under four tax payment scenarios (5%, 10%, 40%, and 50% of the current market price). Based on the WTP, a simulation analysis was conducted to project changes in SSB purchase and associated reductions in the prevalence of obesity/overweight and T2DM over a 10-year simulation period.
FINDINGS: When 5% and 10% taxation rates were introduced, approximately one-third of the population were unwilling to maintain their SSB purchase. Our simulation demonstrated a gradual decline in the prevalence of obesity/overweight and diabetes with a more pronounced decrease when higher taxation rates were introduced. 10% taxation resulted in a mean reduction of 1532.7 cases of overweight/obesity per 100 thousand population at the sixth year, while T2DM prevalence decreased by 267.1 (0.3%).
CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the effects of an SSB tax on purchase behaviors and health outcomes in an affluent Asia setting, with a more pronounced influence on adult population. These findings are expected to inform policymakers in making decisions regarding an effective and equitable tax rate on SSBs.