anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Atenolol can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Atenolol crosses the placental barrier and appears in cord blood. Administration of atenolol, starting in the second trimester of pregnancy, has been associated with the birth of infants that are small for gestational age. No studies have been performed on the use of atenolol in the first trimester and the possibility of fetal injury cannot be excluded. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.

Neonates born to mothers who are receiving atenolol at parturition or breastfeeding may be at risk for hypoglycemia and bradycardia. Caution should be exercised when atenolol and chlorthalidone is administered during pregnancy or to a woman who is breastfeeding. (See PRECAUTIONS, Nursing Mothers.)

Atenolol and chlorthalidone was studied for teratogenic potential in the rat and rabbit. Doses of atenolol/chlorthalidone of 8/2 mg/kg/day, 80/20 mg/kg/day, and 240/60 mg/kg/day were administered orally to pregnant rats with no evidence of embryofetotoxicity observed. Two studies were conducted in rabbits. In the first study, pregnant rabbits were dosed with 8/2 mg/kg/day, 80/20 mg/kg/day, and 160/40 mg/kg/day of atenolol/chlorthalidone. No teratogenic effects were noted, but embryonic resorptions were observed at all dose levels (ranging from approximately 5 times to 100 times the maximum recommended human dose*). In the second rabbit study, doses of atenolol/chlorthalidone were 4/1 mg/kg/day, 8/2 mg/kg/day, and 20/5 mg/kg/day. No teratogenic or embryotoxic effects were demonstrated.

Atenolol

Atenolol has been shown to produce a dose-related increase in embryo/fetal resorptions in rats at doses equal to or greater than 50 mg/kg/day or 25 or more times the maximum recommended human antihypertensive dose.* Although similar effects were not seen in rabbits, the compound was not evaluated in rabbits at doses above 25 mg/kg/day or 12.5 times the maximum recommended human antihypertensive dose.*

Chlorthalidone

Thiazides cross the placental barrier and appear in cord blood. The use of chlorthalidone and related drugs in pregnant women requires that the anticipated benefits of the drug be weighed against possible hazards to the fetus. These hazards include fetal or neonatal jaundice, thrombocytopenia and possibly other adverse reactions which have occurred in the adult.

*Based on the maximum dose of 100 mg/day in a 50 kg patient.
The additive central-nervous-system effects of other drugs, such as phenothiazines, narcotic analgesics, barbiturates, antidepressants, scopolamine, and monoamine-oxidase inhibitors, should be borne in mind when these other drugs are used concomitantly with or during the period of recovery from ATIVAN Injection (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and WARNINGS).

Extreme caution must be used when administering ATIVAN Injection to elderly patients, very ill patients, or to patients with limited pulmonary reserve because of the possibility that hypoventilation and/or hypoxic cardiac arrest may occur. Resuscitative equipment for ventilatory support should be readily available (see WARNINGS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

When lorazepam injection is used IV as the premedicant prior to regional or local anesthesia, the possibility of excessive sleepiness or drowsiness may interfere with patient cooperation in determining levels of anesthesia. This is most likely to occur when greater than 0.05 mg/kg is given and when narcotic analgesics are used concomitantly with the recommended dose (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).

As with all benzodiazepines, paradoxical reactions may occur in rare instances and in an unpredictable fashion (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). In these instances, further use of the drug in these patients should be considered with caution.

There have been reports of possible propylene glycol toxicity (e.g., lactic acidosis, hyperosmolality, hypotension) and possible polyethylene glycol toxicity (e.g., acute tubular necrosis) during administration of ATIVAN Injection at higher than recommended doses. Symptoms may be more likely to develop in patients with renal impairment.
Following the 12-week training regimen, patients will have the option to decide whether they wish to continue their exercise training. This group will include individuals who choose to persist with their exercise routine.
The study lasts 10 days for each patient. During the treatment, All the participants are provided with the rehabilitation therapy. Based on this, the patients in the experimental group are provided with Stellate Ganglion Block , using 1.5ml of 2% Lidocaine hydrochloride (1ml: 0.5mg) and 500ug of Vitamin B12 (1ml: 0.5g), once a day.
BACKGROUND: Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used to predict the prognosis of numerous diseases. This retrospective analysis aimed to develop a prediction model using ML algorithms and to identify predictors associated with the recurrence of hallux valgus (HV) following surgery.
METHODS: A total of 198 symptomatic feet that underwent chevron osteotomy combined with a distal soft tissue procedure were enrolled and analyzed from 2 independent medical centers. The feet were grouped according to nonrecurrence or recurrence based on 1-year follow-up outcomes. Preoperative weightbearing radiographs and immediate postoperative nonweightbearing radiographs were obtained for each HV foot. Radiographic measurements (eg, HV angle and intermetatarsal angle) were acquired and used for ML model training. A total of 9 commonly used ML models were trained on the data obtained from one institute (108 feet), and tested on the other data set from another independent institute (90 feet) for external validation. Optimal feature sets for each model were identified based on a 2000-resample bootstrap-based internal validation via an exhaustive search. The performance of each model was then tested on the external validation set. The area under the curve (AUC), classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of each model were calculated to evaluate the performance of each model.
RESULTS: The support vector machine (SVM) model showed the highest predictive accuracy compared to other methods, with an AUC of 0.88 and an accuracy of 75.6%. Preoperative hallux valgus angle, tibial sesamoid position, postoperative intermetatarsal angle, and postoperative tibial sesamoid position were identified as the most selected features by several ML models.
CONCLUSION: ML classifiers such as SVM could predict the recurrence of HV (an HVA >20 degrees) at a 1-year follow-up while identifying associated predictors in a multivariate manner. This study holds the potential for foot and ankle surgeons to effectively identify individuals at higher risk of HV recurrence postsurgery.
PURPOSE:The titled remedy, containing a deacylated orosomucoid as an active constituent, capable of improving the tissue of the damaged liver by repair, regeneration and absorption of fibers, and useful for treating hepatopathy, e.g. chronic hepatitis or hepatocirrhosis, etc. CONSTITUTION:A remedy for hepatopathy containing a deacylated orosomucoid as an active constituent. The orosomucoid is one kind of glycoprotein within the alpha-globulin region, consists of 181 amino acids in one polypeptide chain and is a substance having 40,000-44,000 molecular weight, and can be deacylated by the general chemical hydrolysis or enzymolysis method. The above-mentioned deacylated orosomucoid has tissue improving effect of damaged liver in hepatopathy, e.g. chronic hepatitis or hepatocirrhosis, etc., and orally or parenterally administered in several mg/kg - several tens of mg/kg dose to various patients with hepatopathy. Usually, the orosomucoid having >=10% deacylation degree is used as the active constituent.
BACKGROUND: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, is characterized by fat accumulation and inflammation of the liver and may result in progression to cirrhosis and liver-related events.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the impact of cirrhosis and progression to liver-related events on costs and health care resource use (HCRU) among MASH patients in the United States.
METHODS: The study cohort included patients with diagnosed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification code K75.81) in Optum's deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database (October 2015 to December 2022) and were stratified by baseline cirrhosis status. Among those without cirrhosis at baseline, patients were further stratified by status of progression to cirrhosis during follow-up. Total HCRU and costs per-person per-year (PPPY) were estimated and compared descriptively between the cohorts. In addition, gamma generalized linear models were used to compare costs PPPY between those with vs without cirrhosis at baseline, as well as with vs without progression during follow-up, while adjusting for baseline patient and disease characteristics. Annual costs per person were also longitudinally modeled using gamma generalized linear mixed models to understand longitudinal changes in costs PPPY while accounting for time correlations within individual patients. Lastly, a series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the impact of study design features and clinical variations of total costs PPPY.
RESULTS: A total of 28,576 adults were included, and 9,157 (32.0%) had baseline cirrhosis; of the 19,419 without baseline cirrhosis, a total of 4,235 (21.8%) progressed over follow-up. Mean (SD) HCRU and costs PPPY were higher among patients with cirrhosis ($110,403 [$226,037]) than without ($28,340 [$61,472]; P < 0.01) and among those with progression ($58,128 [$102,626]) than without ($20,031 [$39,740]; P < 0.01). Costs remained significantly greater when adjusted for covariates, with a risk ratio (95% CI) of 1.99 (1.89-2.09) when comparing with vs without baseline cirrhosis and 2.28 (2.15-2.42) when comparing with vs without progression over follow-up. Costs increased with each subsequent year, to 21% by year 6 among those with cirrhosis at baseline and 49% among those without baseline cirrhosis who progressed.
CONCLUSIONS: The financial burden of MASH is substantial and significantly greater among those with cirrhosis or disease progression. Although patients without cirrhosis incur lower burden, the increase over time is greater and associated with progression. Therapies that slow progression may help alleviate the financial burden, and strategies are needed to identify patients with MASH at risk of progressing to cirrhosis.
A study was conducted to evaluate adipokines, metabolic hormones and serum biochemicals of broiler chicken administered with essential oils (EO) of turmeric, ginger, cinnamon and garlic. EO of the four spices were extracted by steam distillation using standard procedures. The EO were administered to 200 one- day-old unsexed broiler birds randomly allotted to five treatment groups (each of the four spices EO plus a control group) replicated 10 times in a completely randomized design. The spices EO were added to water consumed by the birds at 30 ml/L and standard diets were fed in a 42-day feed trial to determine weight changes and feed consumption. At the end of the trial, blood samples were collected, serum obtained and were assayed for metabolic and biochemical indicators. Results obtained indicates that the weight gain trends shows that birds on cinnamon EO and garlic EO were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those on turmeric EO. Abdominal fat of birds on EO were significantly (p < 0.05) lesser than birds on control. Cholesterol of birds on EOs-based treatments were significantly (p < 0.05) lesser than birds on control. Triiodothyronine of birds were not significantly influenced by EOs. Insulin of birds on EOs were statistically (p < 0.05) reduced compared with those on control. Consumption of cinnamon EO significantly (p < 0.05) increased adiponectin of birds compared with garlic EO. Intake of garlic EO significantly (p < 0.05) enhance leptin of birds compared with cinnamon EO. This study suggests that cinnamon and garlic EO are potent oral phytogenic supplements to promote growth and lean yield in broiler chicken.
At the end of the surgery, the application of the EOIP block involves the patient being in a supine position, with either the clavicle or mid-axillary line palpated to locate the 6th rib. An ultrasound probe is placed 1-2 cm lateral to the midclavicular line over the 6th rib. Under aseptic conditions, a 22-gauge 25-50 mm block needle is advanced to the 6th rib using the in-plane technique. Two ml of saline is injected for hydrodissection to ensure accurate placement. Avoiding subperiosteal injection, hydrodissection is performed between the external oblique muscle and the 6th rib. Subsequently, 20-30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine is injected into this area. The block is then repeated on the other side.After apply EOIPB intravascular analgesia will be administered with PCA.
Participants in Sequence 3 will receive Treatment A (intravenous placebo and intranasal placebo) on Day 1 of period 1, Treatment D (intravenous placebo and intranasal 112 milligram (mg) of esketamine as 4 devices, each with 28 mg esketamine) on Day 1 of period 2, Treatment B (0.5 mg/kg of intravenous racemic ketamine and intranasal placebo) on Day 1 of period 3, Treatment C (intravenous placebo and intranasal 84 mg esketamine as 3 devices, each with 28 mg esketamine followed by 1 device with placebo) on Day 1 of period 4. Periods 1, 2, 3 and 4 will be separated by 7 to 14 days.
GROWell incorporates 4 elements: phone coaching, goal setting, self-monitoring of behavior and skills training. These interactions take place on a study subject's cell phone, through text messaging, and phone calls with a dietician coach. At study initiation, the subject takes a short survey, after which the intervention algorithm assigns up to 4 tailored behavior change goals from the GROWell library. Goals are tailored to the subject's needs as indicated by the initial survey. Subjects self-monitor adherence weekly via text, responding to prompts from the system regarding their level of success with a given goal. Via text they receive immediate tailored feedback regarding their current adherence and long-term progress.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial consisted of two 10-week outpatient treatment periods. Patients with refractory partial-onset seizures who were receiving phenytoin and carbamazepine at therapeutic levels were administered Felbatol® (felbamate) as add-on therapy at a starting dosage of 1400 mg/day in three divided doses, which was increased to 2600 mg/day in three divided doses. Among the 56 patients who completed the study, the baseline seizure frequency was 20 per month. Patients treated with Felbatol® had fewer seizures than patients treated with placebo for each treatment sequence. There was a 23% (P=.018) difference in percentage seizure frequency reduction in favor of Felbatol®.

Felbatol® 3600 mg/day given QID and placebo were compared in a 28-day double-blind add-on trial in patients who had their standard antiepileptic drugs reduced while undergoing evaluations for surgery of intractable epilepsy. All patients had confirmed partial-onset seizures with or without generalization, seizure frequency during surgical evaluation not exceeding an average of four partial seizures per day or more than one generalized seizure per day, and a minimum average of one partial or generalized tonic-clonic seizure per day for the last 3 days of the surgical evaluation. The primary efficacy variable was time to fourth seizure after randomization to treatment with Felbatol® or placebo. Thirteen (46%) of 28 patients in the Felbatol® group versus 29 (88%) of 33 patients in the placebo group experienced a fourth seizure. The median times to fourth seizure were greater than 28 days in the Felbatol® group and 5 days in the placebo group. The difference between Felbatol® and placebo in time to fourth seizure was statistically significant (P=.002) in favor of Felbatol®.
OBJECTIVES: Ultrasound guidance endoscopic surgery (ES) has been widely used in the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage in recent years, but relevant research articles are still scarce. Our study aims to investigate the effect of ES compared with conventional craniotomy (CC) on the postoperative complications, and prognosis of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical data of 1201 patients with ICH treated in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were collected. The t-test, Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the clinical baseline data. Among 1021 spontaneous ICH patients, 193 patients who underwent hematoma evacuation were included in the present analysis.
RESULTS: The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at 6 months had a favorable prognosis in ES group (p = 0.003). ES group had fewer postoperative complications compared with CC group. Operating time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly lower in ES group than CC group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that receiving ES improved the prognosis of ICH patients. Additionally, endoscopic surgery diminishes operative time, and intraoperative blood loss and reduces the incidence of postoperative complications.
The recommended initial dose of TARGRETIN is 300 mg/m2/day (see Table 1). TARGRETIN should be taken as a single oral daily dose with a meal. For precautions to prevent pregnancy and birth defects in women of child-bearing potential [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Dose Modification Guidelines: The 300 mg/m2/day dose level of TARGRETIN may be adjusted to 200 mg/m2/day then to 100 mg/m2/day, or temporarily suspended, if necessitated by toxicity. When toxicity is controlled, doses may be carefully readjusted upward. If there is no tumor response after 8 weeks of treatment and if the initial dose of 300 mg/m2/day is well tolerated, the dose may be escalated to 400 mg/m2/day with careful monitoring.

Duration of Therapy: In clinical trials in CTCL, TARGRETIN was administered for up to 97 weeks.

TARGRETIN should be continued as long as the patient is deriving benefit.
Tuberculosis-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, irreversible interstitial lung disease, which severely affects lung ventilation and air exchange, leading to respiratory distress, impaired lung function, and ultimately death. As previously reported, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC II) are two critical processes that contributes to the initiation and progression of tuberculosis-related PF, but the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, through performing Real-Time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining assay, we confirmed that the expression levels of EMT and fibrosis-related biomarkers were significantly increased in lung tissues with tuberculosis-associated PF in vivo and Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strain-infected AEC II cells in vitro. Besides, we noticed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase 19 (MAP3K19) was aberrantly overexpressed in PF models, and silencing of MAP3K19 significantly reduced the expression levels of fibronectin, collagen type I, and alpha-smooth muscle actin to decrease fibrosis, and upregulated E-cadherin and downregulated vimentin to suppress EMT in BCG-treated AEC II cells. Then, we uncovered the underlying mechanisms and found that BCG synergized with MAP3K19 to activate the pro-inflammatory transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Smad2 signal pathway in AEC II cells, and BCG-induced EMT process and fibrosis in AEC II cells were all abrogated by co-treating cells with TGF-β/Smad2 signal pathway inhibitor LY2109761. In summary, our results uncovered the underlying mechanisms by which the MAP3K19/TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway regulated EMT and fibrotic phenotypes of AEC II cells to facilitate the development of tuberculosis-associated PF, and these findings will provide new ideas and biomarkers to ameliorate tuberculosis-induced PF in clinic.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce a hepatic protecting medicine, comprising ginsenoside Re/ginsenoside Rg1 which are hepatic protecting active ingredients, having high therapeutic effects regardless of causes (viruses, medicinal poisonings, alcohols, etc.) of hepatopathy and capable of manifesting safe preventing and therapeutic effects without any adverse effects even by continuing the administration for a long period and provide a method for producing the ingredients. SOLUTION: This hepatic protecting medicine comprises ginsenoside Re/ ginsenoside Rg1 which are hepatic protecting active ingredients is obtained by carrying out the extraction, separation and purification from Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. and relative plants of the same genus. The method for producing the ginsenoside Re/ginsenoside Rg1 is to carry out the extraction from the Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. and the relative plants of the same genus with water or a polar solvent or a mixed solvent thereof under neutral conditions, concentrating the resulatnt extract solution, separating and purifying the prepared fraction.
The invention belongs to the technical field of biology and particularly relates to composition for preventing and controlling pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and a preparation method thereof, aiming to solve the technical problem that the pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is safely and effectively prevented and controlled. The invention provides a pseudomonas aeruginosa infection immunogen and (or) an antibody. The pseudomonas aeruginosa infection immunogen is a polysaccharide protein combination immunogen formed by combining pseudomonas aeruginosa O specific polysaccharide and carrier protein in a covalent way. The pseudomonas aeruginosa O specific polysaccharide (O-SP) is combined with the suitable protein thereby the immunogenicity and the protective performance are improved. The T cell independent form polysaccharide antigen is converted into T cell dependent form combined antigen, thereby the antibody with lasting immunity and taking IgG as the main is generated. The invention has good prospect.
Patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 with and without diabetic retinopathy who needs cataract surgery by phacoemulsification. All patients will undergo OCT angiography examination prior to their cataract surgery and 4 weeks after the cataract surgery.
Both intestinal secretory IgA (SIgA) and serum IgG specific for the O-antigen (O-Ag), the polysaccharide part of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are elicited upon Shigella infection, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery. We have addressed here the protective role of the anti-LPS IgG response, using the marine model of pulmonary infection. Upon intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunization writh killed Shigella flexneri 2a bacteria, mice were shown to elicit a serum, but not a local, anti-LPS IgG response that conferred only partial protection against intranasal (i.n.) challenge with the homologous virulent strain.  However. mice intranasally administered with, prior to in challenge, an anti-LPS IgG  polyclonal serum from i.p. immunized mice, showed a significant antibody dose-dependent decrease of the lung-bacterial load in comparison to mice that received preimmune serum. Using marine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of the G isotype (mIgG) representative of the different IgG subclasses and specific for serotype-specific determinants on the O-Ag, we showed that each IgG subclass exhibited a similar serotype-specific protective capacity, with significant reduction of the lung-bacterial load and of subsequent inflammation and tissue destruction. In contrast, different subclasses of mIgG specific for the invasins IpaB or IpaC  did riot confer protection. In conclusion, the IgG-mediated systemic response to serotype-specific determinants contributes to protection against homologous Shigella infection, if the effectors are present locally at the time of mucosal infection.