anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Nephrolithiasis is a global healthcare problem with a current lifetime risk of 18.8% in men and 9.4% in women. Without specific treatment, 5- and 20-year recurrence rates are 40% and 75%, respectively. Given the high cost of medical treatments and surgical interventions as well as the morbidity related to symptomatic stone disease, medical prophylaxis for stone recurrence is an attractive approach.

About 80-90% of stones are composed of calcium oxalate with various admixtures of calcium phosphate. Increased excretion of calcium in the urine, hypercalciuria, is the most common metabolic abnormality encountered in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis. Thiazide diuretics have been the cornerstone of pharmacologic metaphylaxis for more than 40 years. The effect of thiazides to reduce the risk of stone recurrence has been attributed to their ability to decrease urinary calcium excretion. However, other factors, such as reduction of urinary pH and urinary oxalate excretion, probably contribute to this effect. Efficacy of thiazides on recurrence prevention of calcareous nephrolithiasis was tested in 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). With the exception of two trials, thiazides significantly reduced stone recurrence. Most of these trials are from the 1980's and 90's and the cumulative number of patients studied is remarkably low for such a prevalent disease. Our systematic review of these RCTs revealed major methodological deficiencies in all trials, including: lack of double-blinding and intention-to-treat analysis, unclear allocation concealment, lack of adverse event and drop out reporting and unknown baseline risk of disease severity. Furthermore, high doses of thiazides were employed in all trials, in the case of the best studied thiazide, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), up to 100 mg daily. At such high doses, side effects occur frequently. Nowadays, thiazides are widely used in the treatment of recurrent nephrolithiasis and arterial hypertension, but at significantly lower doses. In the case of recurrent nephrolithiasis, however, this practice is not supported by randomized evidence and consequently, the investigators do not know whether the currently employed low dose thiazide regimens are effective in reducing the risk for stone recurrence.

Thus, evidence for benefits and harms of thiazide diuretics in the prevention of calcium-containing kidney stones in general remains unclear. In addition, the efficacy of the currently employed low dose thiazide regimens to prevent stone recurrence is not known.
OBJECTIVES: This study was a retrospective study to investigate factors related to difficult tracheostomy decannulation, and to evaluate outcomes of tracheostomized neurosurgical patients.
METHODS: All consecutive tracheostomized neurosurgical patients in the Prince of Wales Hospital between 1st September 2016 and 31st August 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were grouped into easy decannulation and difficult decannulation groups using 3 months as cut-off time. Risk factors were analysed and outcomes were compared.
RESULTS: One hundred thirty-one patients were included. In univariate analyses, male gender, GCS less than or equal to 8 on admission, the presence of vocal cord palsy at 3 months, and pneumonia within 1-month post-tracheostomy were associated with difficult decannulation. In multivariable logistic regression for difficult decannulation, GCS on admission, the presence of vocal cord palsy at 3 months, and the presence of pneumonia within 1-month post-tracheostomy remained statistically significant. The easy decannulation group had a shorter length of in-patient stay, higher survival rate, and more favourable neurological outcome (GOS 4-5) than the difficult decannulation group at both 6 months and 1 year. The majority of easy decannulation group patients (54%) were discharged to home, while the majority of the difficult decannulation group (42%) of patients were discharged to the infirmary.
CONCLUSION: GCS less than or equal to 8 on admission, the presence of vocal cord palsy, and the presence of pneumonia were associated with difficult tracheostomy decannulation in neurosurgical patients. Difficult decannulation is associated with a longer length of in-patient stay and poor neurological outcomes.
Healthy middle aged (40-55y) (n = 40). This group will be used to assess the development of paratonia in healthy conditions.
Start with Stage 1 HERS intervention; patient attends baseline colposcopy appointment, no Stage 2 intervention. Continue with Stage 3 HERS intervention; patient does not attend 12-month follow-up appointment, continue with Stage 4 HERS+HC intervention.
PURPOSE:A gelatinous composition suitable for cosmetic or medical use, having low viscosity and high volatility, obtained by blending a specific cyclic dimethylpolysiloxane with an ester of a higher fatty acid and an aliphatic alcohol as a saponifying agent. CONSTITUTION:(A) 30-90pts.wt., preferably 40-85pts. preferably 40-85pts.wt. cyclic dimethylpolysiloxane shown by formula I (n is 3-6) is blended with (B) 5-50pts.wt., preferably 7-45pts.wt. one or mixture of esters of 8-24C fatty acid and 1-24C aliphatic alcohol or 10-40C aliphatic hydrocarbon and (C) 5-30pts.wt., preferably 7-25pts.wt. dextrin phosphoric acid ester shown by formula II (A is H or 8-20C acyl; l is 20-30).
BACKGROUND: Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is one of the most common complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). DGE represents impaired gastric motility without significant mechanical obstruction and is associated with an increased length of hospital stay, increased healthcare costs, and a high readmission rate. We reviewed published studies on various technical modifications to reduce the incidence of DGE.
DATA SOURCES: Studies were identified by searching PubMed for relevant articles published up to December 2022. The following search terms were used: "pancreaticoduodenectomy", "pancreaticojejunostomy", "pancreaticogastrostomy", "gastric emptying", "gastroparesis" and "postoperative complications". The search was limited to English publications. Additional articles were identified by a manual search of references from key articles.
RESULTS: In recent years, various surgical procedures and techniques have been explored to reduce the incidence of DGE. Pyloric resection, Billroth II reconstruction, Braun's enteroenterostomy, and antecolic reconstruction may be associated with a decreased incidence of DGE, but more high-powered studies are needed in the future. Neither laparoscopic nor robotic surgery has demonstrated superiority in preventing DGE, and the use of staplers is controversial regarding whether they can reduce the incidence of DGE.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite many innovations in surgical techniques, there is no surgical procedure that is superior to others to reduce DGE. Further larger prospective randomized studies are needed.
HIV-infected subjects who are at least 18 years of age, with no ART in the previous 3 months, and with plasma HIV-1 RNA \>20,000 copies/mL. Group B will not undergo continuous CSF sampling, but will undergo sparse CSF sampling by lumbar punctures.
Scalar translocation is a severe form of intra-cochlear trauma during cochlear implant (CI) electrode insertion. This study explored the hypothesis that the dimensions of the cochlear basal turn and orientation of its inferior segment relative to surgically relevant anatomical structures influence the scalar translocation rates of a pre-curved CI electrode. In a cohort of 40 patients implanted with the Advanced Bionics Mid-Scala electrode array, the scalar translocation group (40%) had a significantly smaller mean distance A of the cochlear basal turn (p < 0.001) and wider horizontal angle between the inferior segment of the cochlear basal turn and the mastoid facial nerve (p = 0.040). A logistic regression model incorporating distance A (p = 0.003) and horizontal facial nerve angle (p = 0.017) explained 44.0-59.9% of the variance in scalar translocation and correctly classified 82.5% of cases. Every 1mm decrease in distance A was associated with a 99.2% increase in odds of translocation [95% confidence interval 80.3%, 100%], whilst every 1-degree increase in the horizontal facial nerve angle was associated with an 18.1% increase in odds of translocation [95% CI 3.0%, 35.5%]. The study findings provide an evidence-based argument for the development of a navigation system for optimal angulation of electrode insertion during CI surgery to reduce intra-cochlear trauma.
Various forms of anti-clog suction tips apparatus are disclosed. An exemplary anti-clog suction tip apparatus includes a suction tip assembly having a suction tip with a suction opening at a first end thereof for removing debris through suction, a hose attachment portion for attaching the suction tip assembly to a suction source, and an ejection wire channel. The apparatus further includes an ejection wire assembly having an ejection wire extending within the channel and an ejection button integral with or connected to the ejection wire. Applying a force to the ejection button advances the ejection wire through the channel such that an end portion of the ejection wire enters the suction tip and dislodges debris clogging the suction tip. The ejection wire may include an enlarged end portion such as, for example a ball tip. One or more of the components of the apparatus may be single-use and disposable.
Mecanical cervical ripening will be done by transcervical balloon (Teleflex French Dufour catheter CH20 reference 174000). Oxytocin will be started 6 hours after balloon insertion. At H12 balloon will be removed and induction continued by oxytocin alone.
1,195,128. Pharmaceutical gels. RICHARDSON-MERRELL Inc. 4 March, 1968, No. 10479/68. Heading A5B. Clear gels for pharmaceutical use comprise 43-60% by weight of water, 5-25% of aromatic oils (e.g. menthol, camphor, eucalyptus oil, oil of nutmeg, oil of cedar leaf, thymol and methyl salicylate), 3-10% 'by weight of a polyoxyethylene ether of stearyl, palmityl, myristyl or oleyl alcohol (or a mixture thereof) and 15-26% of a polyoxyethylene ether of cetyl or lauryl alcohol, both ethers comprising 10 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol. Alternatively, the two ethers may be replaced by a single mixed ether containing the above components in the same relative amounts. A mineral oil may also be present. The gets may be made by slowly mixing the oils with the molten surfactant and water and cooling.
This will be a coffee group and will drink Starbuck's K-cup Breakfast Blend. This will be mixed according to packing instructions and will be given at a dose of 2mg caffeine/kg body weight (equivalent to approximately one 11 ounce cup of coffee for a person weighing 75 kg).
Subjects in this arm will receive placebo injections which will contain only dextrose water. They will also receive 6 injections on a weekly basis and the injection vials will be covered with foil to ensure masking.
BACKGROUND: There is increased emphasis on incorporating patient perspectives and patient-relevant endpoints in drug development. We developed a conceptual model of the impact of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on patients' lives and evaluated the content validity of the Hepatitis B Quality of Life (HBQOL) instrument, a patient-reported outcome tool for use in clinical studies, as a patient-relevant endpoint to measure health-related quality of life in patients with CHB.
METHODS: A literature review of qualitative studies of patient experience with CHB and concept elicitation telephone interviews with patients with CHB in the United Kingdom were used to develop a conceptual model of the experience and impact of living with CHB. The content validity of the HBQOL was evaluated using cognitive debriefing techniques.
RESULTS: The qualitative literature review (N = 43 publications) showed that patients with CHB experience emotional/psychological impacts. During concept elicitation interviews (N = 24), fatigue was the most commonly reported symptom, and most participants were worried/anxious about virus transmission and disease progression/death. A conceptual model of patients' experiences with CHB was developed. The conceptual relevance and comprehensibility of the HBQOL were supported, though limitations, including the lack of a self-stigma item and recall period, were noted for future improvement.
CONCLUSIONS: The conceptual model shows that patients with CHB experience emotional/psychological impacts that affect their lifestyles, relationships, and work/schooling. The cognitive debriefing interviews support the content validity of the HBQOL as a conceptually relevant patient-reported outcome measure of health-related quality of life.
OBJECTIVES: Preoperative malnutrition is a risk factor for postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with lung cancer. Assessing the preoperative nutritional status should be considered essential for patients scheduled to undergo lung surgery. This prospective study aimed to investigate whether preoperative nutritional intervention improves the nutritional conditions and short-term postoperative outcomes.
METHODS: The primary endpoints included safety, feasibility and short-term therapeutic efficacy of preoperative nutritional intervention. Patients with clinical stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer (histologically proven or suspected) were screened. Patient enrollment was conducted between January 2021 and December 2022. A total of 15 patients were included in the analysis. Patients with a preoperative prognostic nutritional index of < 45 were considered eligible. All participants received preoperative nutritional intervention. The trajectories of prognostic nutritional index and the incidence of postoperative complication rates in the intervention group were investigated.
RESULTS: No adverse events were observed during the nutritional intervention. The pre-intervention and post-intervention prognostic nutritional indices were 42.2 (39.8-44.5), and 43.1 (41.4-45.9), respectively (p = 0.04). The postoperative complication rate was 26.7% (n = 15).
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first prospective study to report the preoperative trajectories of prognostic nutritional index in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery. Our results suggest the safety and feasibility of preoperative nutritional intervention. Further research, such as randomized clinical trials, is warranted to investigate clinical efficacy and optimal nutritional interventions for lung surgery for malignant tumors.
Participants will use one chapter of the web-based workbook each week for 10 weeks. The workbook consists of stress management education, cognitive behavioral interventions and relaxation training exercises.
Perindopril of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may be made from a protected precursor compound of formula (II) <EMI ID=1.1 HE=52 WI=157 LX=281 LY=1016 TI=CF> <PC>wherein R comprises a carboxyl protecting group, by subjecting a compound of formula (II) to deprotection of the carboxylic group -COOR, in the presence of a base. R is preferably aralkyl, such as benzyl, and the deprotection preferably comprises hydrogenolysis in the presence of a noble metal catalyst, such as palladium-on-charcoal. The base preferably is one which forms a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt with perindopril and t-butyl amine is especially preferred, thus yielding perindopril erbumine. A monohydrate of perindopril, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is also claimed and may be prepared by hydrating perindopril, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, by way of addition of water or by drying in air. Perindopril erbumine monohydrate is a preferred compound, especially the crystalline form thereof having the X-ray diffractogram set out in figure 1. Perindopril monohydrates may be used as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (CEBPB) has been associated with sepsis. However, its role in sepsis-induced myocardial injury (SIMI) remains ill-defined. This research was designed to illustrate the involvement of CEBPB in SIMI and its upstream modifier. The transcriptomic changes in heart biopsies of mice that had undergone polymicrobial sepsis were downloaded from the GEO dataset for KEGG enrichment analysis. CEBPB, on the TNF signaling pathway, was significantly enhanced in the myocardial tissues of mice with SIMI. Downregulation of CEBPB alleviated SIMI, as evidenced by minor myocardial injury and inflammatory manifestations. Moreover, ubiquitination modification of CEBPB by constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 homolog (COP1) led to the degradation of CEBPB and inhibited inflammatory responses in macrophages. Upregulation of COP1 protected against SIMI in mice overexpressing CEBPB. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that COP1 protected the heart against SIMI through the ubiquitination modification of CEBPB, which might be a novel therapeutic approach in the future.
Patients receive enzalutamide PO QD for 6 months. Beginning 2 weeks after start of enzalutamide, patients receive LHRH agonist therapy with goserelin acetate SC or leuprolide acetate IM or SC for 6 months (intermediate risk patients) or 24 months (high risk patients) post-radiation therapy. Beginning 8 weeks after the start of LHRH therapy, patients undergo either IMRT or VMAT daily five days a week for 8 weeks.
Artificial intelligence systems and methods for training a learning model for medical diagnosis are provided. The artificial intelligence system includes a storage device, a processor, and a communication interface. The storage device is configured to store a sample patient description of a patient and a known disease of the patient. The processor is configured to train the learning model, including a first sub-model and a second sub-model. A first symptom feature matrix is determined based on the sample patient description and input the first symptom feature matrix to the first sub-model. A second symptom feature matrix is determined based on the known disease and input the second symptom feature matrix to the second sub-model. the first sub-model and the second sub-model are jointly optimized. The communication interface is configured to provide the learning model for automatically diagnosing a disease from a patient description.
OBJECTIVES: I. Compare the progression-free survival and survival of patients with advanced cervical cancer limited to the pelvis receiving either radiotherapy alone, or radiotherapy plus weekly cisplatin, or radiotherapy plus prolonged venous infusion (PVI) of fluorouracil. \[Radiotherapy alone regimen closed 8/18/98\] II. Determine the relative toxic effects of radiation therapy plus chemotherapy with either weekly cisplatin or PVI fluorouracil compared to radiation alone. \[Radiotherapy alone regimen closed 8/18/98\] IV. Compare the progression-free survival and survival of patients with advanced cervical cancer limited to the pelvis and who smoke at the time of diagnosis versus non-smokers and those who smoke during radiation therapy versus those who quit.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized study. Patients are stratified by stage, performance of para-aortic lymphadenectomy, and brachytherapy method (HDR vs LDR). Prior to treatment patients complete a questionnaire regarding past and present smoking history and exposure to secondhand smoke. In arm I, patients undergo external radiation therapy to the pelvis once daily 5 times a week for 5 weeks. Then, patients receive either low dose rate or high dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy in one or two applications or 5 fractions once or twice a week, respectively. If intracavitary radiation therapy cannot be performed, then shrinking field technique is executed. In addition, patients receive parametrial boost once daily for 3 to 5 days during intracavitary brachytherapy. Concurrently, patients receive IV cisplatin once a week for 5 weeks beginning on day 1 of external radiation therapy and once during the parametrial boost. Patients in arm II receive external radiation therapy and brachytherapy as previously described. \[Arm II closed 8/18/98\] In arm III, patients undergo external radiation therapy as described in arm I. In addition, patients receive prolonged venous infusion (PVI) fluorouracil daily for 5 days during external beam radiation therapy (whole pelvis and parametrial boost). If all 6 courses of cisplatin or fluorouracil cannot be administered during external radiation therapy, then the sixth course of chemotherapy will be given during brachytherapy. Patients are followed every 3 months for the first 2 years, then every 6 months for the next 3 years, then annually until death.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: This study will accrue a maximum of 870 patients over 66 months.
The invention discloses a pig compound interferon for emergently preventing African swine fever. The invention provides a protein (porcine gamma interferon-connecting peptide-porcine antibacterial peptide fragment fusion protein) as shown in a sequence 7 of a sequence table. The gene encoding the protein also belongs to the protection scope of the invention. The invention also protects a complex comprising the protein and lentinan; in the compound, each 1.0 × 10 ‑9 The mol protein proportion is 15 mu g lentinan. The invention also protects the application of the protein or the compound in preparing the African swine fever vaccine. The invention also protects an African swine fever vaccine, and the active ingredient of the African swine fever vaccine is the protein or the compound. The protein and the compound provided by the invention have good immune protection effect and high stability (can be stored at room temperature and has long storage period). The invention has great application and popularization value for prevention and control of African swine fever.
Metabolites produced by the human gut microbiota play an important role in fighting and intervening in inflammatory diseases. It remains unknown whether immune homeostasis is influenced by increasing concentrations of air pollutants such as oil mist particulate matters (OMPM). Herein, we report that OMPM exposure induces a hyperlipidemia-related phenotype through microbiota dysregulation-mediated downregulation of the anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-GPR43 axis and activation of the inflammatory pathway. A rat model showed that exposure to OMPM promoted visceral and serum lipid accumulation and inflammatory cytokine upregulation. Furthermore, our research indicated a reduction in both the "healthy" microbiome and the production of SCFAs in the intestinal contents following exposure to OMPM. The SCFA receptor GPR43 was downregulated in both the ileum and white adipose tissues (WATs). The OMPM treatment mechanism was as follows: the gut barrier was compromised, leading to increased levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This increase activated the Toll-like receptor 4 Nuclear Factor-κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling pathway in WATs, consequently fueling hyperlipidemia-related inflammation through a positive-feedback circuit. Our findings thus imply that OMPM pollution leads to hyperlipemia-related inflammation through impairing the microbiota-SCFAs-GPR43 pathway and activating the LSP-induced TLR4-NF-κB cascade; our findings also suggest that OMPM pollution is a potential threat to humanmicrobiota dysregulation and the occurrence of inflammatory diseases.