anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Colchicine is an alkaloid obtained from various species of Colchicum. The chemical name for colchicine is (S)\- N-(5,6,7,9-tetrahydro- 1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxobenzo[ a]heptalen-7-yl) acetamide with a molecular formula of C 22H 25NO 6and a molecular weight of 399.4. 

The structural formula of colchicine is provided in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Colchicine Structural Formula

Colchicine consists of pale yellow scales or powder; it darkens on exposure to light. Colchicine is soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol, and slightly soluble in ether.

GLOPERBA is supplied for oral administration as a slightly hazy, red liquid with a cherry odor, containing 0.6 mg/5 mL of the active ingredient colchicine USP. Inactive ingredients: benzyl alcohol, FD&C Red No. 40, artificial cherry flavor, anhydrous citric acid, dibasic sodium phosphate, glycerin, propylene glycol, sucralose, xanthan gum and purified water.
Multiple organ failure (MOF) is a common and deadly condition. Patients with liver cirrhosis with acute-on-chronic liver failure (AOCLF) are particularly susceptible. Excess fluid accumulation in tissues makes routine hemodialysis generally ineffective because of cardiovascular instability. Patients with three or more organ failures face a mortality rate of more than 90%. Many cannot survive liver transplantation. Extracorporeal support systems like MARS (Baxter, Deerfield, IL) and Prometheus (Bad Homburg, Germany) have shown promise but fall short in bridging patients to transplantation. A novel Artificial Multi-organ Replacement System (AMOR) was developed at the University of Washington Medical Center. AMOR removes protein-bound toxins through a combination of albumin dialysis, a charcoal sorbent column, and a novel rinsing method to prevent sorbent column saturation. It removes excess fluid through hemodialysis. Ten AOCLF patients with over three organ failures were treated by the AMOR system. All patients showed significant clinical improvement. Fifty percent of the cohort received liver transplants or recovered liver function. AMOR was successful in removing large amounts of excess body fluid, which regular hemodialysis could not. AMOR is cost-effective and user-friendly. It removes excess fluid, supporting the other vital organs such as liver, kidneys, lungs, and heart. This pilot study's results encourage further exploration of AMOR for treating MOF patients.
Patients will start their pre-conditioning regimen on 8 days before scheduled transplant. Fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) will be administered twice daily on the 6th, 7th, and 8th before transplant. Patients will receive Thiotepa on the 4th and 5th day before transplant, Cyclophosphamide on the 2nd and 3rd day before transplant, and Alemtuzumab on the 1st-5th day(s) before transplant. Then the stem cell infusion will be performed (allogeneic family member or ≥ 8/10 HLA matched adult unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with CD34 Selection using CliniMACS CD34+ Reagent System). GVHD prophylaxis will consist of tacrolimus only. Tacrolimus administration will begin on the day after transplant, and methylprednisolone will start on day -5.
Microglial cells, the immune cells of the central nervous system, are key elements regulating brain development and brain health. These cells are fully responsive to stressors, microenvironmental alterations and are actively involved in the construction of neural circuits in children and the ability to undergo full experience-dependent plasticity in adults. Since neuroinflammation is a known key element in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, one might expect the dysregulation of microglial function to severely impact both functional and structural plasticity, leading to the cognitive sequelae that appear in the pathogenesis of Long COVID. Therefore, understanding this complex scenario is mandatory for establishing the possible molecular mechanisms related to these symptoms. In the present review, we will discuss Long COVID and its association with reduced levels of BDNF, altered crosstalk between circulating immune cells and microglia, increased levels of inflammasomes, cytokines and chemokines, as well as the alterations in signaling pathways that impact neural synaptic remodeling and plasticity, such as fractalkines, the complement system, the expression of SIRPα and CD47 molecules and altered matrix remodeling. Together, these complex mechanisms may help us understand consequences of Long COVID for brain development and its association with altered brain plasticity, impacting learning disabilities, neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as cognitive decline in adults.
Hederagenin (HDG), a medical herb, is known for its beneficial activities against diverse diseases. The cardioprotective effect of HDG has been preliminarily disclosed, but the efficacy and underlying mechanism by which HDG protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury have not been elucidated yet. To simulate MI/R injury, the left anterior descending artery was occluded for 30 min and then reperfusion for 120 min in a rat model, and the cellular model of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury was constructed in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Hematoxylin-eosin, Prussian blue, and 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining were conducted to assess the histological injury, iron deposition, and myocardial infarction. Myocardial enzymes and oxidative stress-related factors were detected using their commercial kits. Lipid peroxidation was measured using BODIPY581/591 probe, and iron content was detected. Cell counting kit (CCK)-8, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), and flow cytometry assays were performed to assess cell viability and apoptosis. Protein levels were investigated by western blot. The interaction between HDG and 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) was verified using molecular docking. Our findings indicated that HDG significantly attenuated myocardial dysfunction by reducing infarction and myocardial injury. HDG significantly attenuated myocardial apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, as well as alleviating oxidative stress via reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintaining the balance between antioxidant and oxidant enzymes. Meanwhile, HDG inhibited I/R-induced ferroptosis in myocardium and cardiomyocytes, including reducing lipid peroxidation and iron level. Moreover, the binding relationship between HDG and ALOX5 was verified, and HDG could concentration dependently downregulate ALOX5. Furthermore, ALOX5 overexpression eliminated the inhibition of HDG on H/R-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. HDG ameliorated myocardial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte injury by reducing apoptosis, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis through inhibiting ALOX5, providing a new perspective on the prevention and treatment of MI/R injury.
WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT?: A medicine called sacituzumab govitecan (brand name TRODELVY®) has been proven to be an effective treatment for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC for short). Metastatic breast cancer is cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. In mTNBC, the breast cancer cells do not have 3 common proteins on the cell surface, called receptors. mTNBC is more difficult to treat and more likely to come back than other types of breast cancer. The ASCENT study showed that participants with mTNBC treated with sacituzumab govitecan had a higher likelihood of living longer and delayed progression (worsening) of their cancer than those treated with standard chemotherapy. Here, we summarize the quality of life of participants with mTNBC in the ASCENT study. We compared quality of life between 236 participants treated with sacituzumab govitecan and 183 participants treated with standard chemotherapy. All participants previously received 2 or more chemotherapies that no longer controlled their cancer.
WHAT ARE THE KEY TAKEAWAYS?: This analysis showed that participants treated with sacituzumab govitecan had better overall quality of life than participants treated with standard chemotherapy. They also had better "physical functioning", which is the ability to walk and do physical activities. Participants treated with sacituzumab govitecan maintained their overall quality of life for a longer time than those treated with standard chemotherapy. Participants treated with sacituzumab govitecan had less pain and were less tired than those treated with standard chemotherapy. On the other hand, participants treated with sacituzumab govitecan had worse diarrhea (loose or watery stools) and were more likely to have nausea/vomiting (feel sick or throw up) than participants treated with standard chemotherapy.
WHAT WERE THE MAIN CONCLUSIONS REPORTED BY THE RESEARCHERS?: Participants treated with sacituzumab govitecan had a higher likelihood of living longer and delayed progression (worsening) of their cancer. Participants also had a better overall quality of life, which was maintained (did not get worse) for a longer time. However, they experienced worsening of diarrhea and/or nausea/vomiting.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02574455 (ASCENT) (ClinicalTrials.gov).
A portable eye movement monitor comprises a sensor electrode array for electrooculographic eye movement sensing, a logging unit communicating with the sensor electrode array to capture and store the eye movement data, and a battery power source configured to power the system for a plurality of days to enable substantially continuous multi-day EOG data capture. Electrodes are divided between two mounts 22a, 22b on opposite lateral sides of the subject’s head and substantially outside the user’s field of vision. The logging unit 30 comprises an earpiece or ear clip 36. Both electrode mounts connect to the logging unit via a respective connection port, one of which forms part of a connector or cable that preferably extends around the back of the wearer’s head. Connections between the electrode mounts and logging unit preferably each comprise audio jack type plug and socket connections, one of the stereo jacks forming part of the connector cable. The system senses corneo-retinal potential of the subject and monitors nystagmus over an extended period by identifying and logging instances of dizziness, e.g. persisting or uploading data associated with detected dizziness events. An event marking button 34 may allow the user to manually identify such instances.
In angiographic materials, chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) is present in approximately 15-25% of patients and in 25-50% of those with significant coronary disease. Until recently, because of low procedural success and increased risk of complications, PCI was a problematic treatment in these patients. The introduction of drug eluting stents and a variety of dedicated CTO devices combined with the evolution of specific CTO techniques have made revascularization by PCI a promising treatment.

In CTO patients, clinically significant arrhythmia seems to be an important and a poorly investigated problem. The arrhythmia prevalence in an all-comer CTO-population is unknown, but in ICD-populations with ischemic heart disease, a CTO may be found in half of patients with life-threatening arrhythmia. Further, in patients with ischemic heart disease receiving ICDs as primary prevention, presence of a CTO was an independent predictor of occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias, and in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the risk of ventricular arrhythmias was found to be increased in patients with a chronic total coronary occlusion. Nevertheless, the genesis of arrhythmia in CTO-patients is likely to be multifactorial. It has been documented, that ischemic heart disease patients who present with a chronic occlusion of at least one coronary artery are older and have additional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and more frequent myocardial infarction, i.e. a higher Chads2Vasc score (risk score for stroke in atrial fibrillation patients). Although LVEF is lower in patients with a chronic coronary occlusion, less than 1/3 are potential ICD candidates with an LVEF \<35%. However, a recent study in consecutive post-AMI survivors documented the highest incidence of sudden cardiac death in patients with a relatively preserved LVEF.

The purpose of the CTO-ARRHYTHMIA study, is to investigate the incidence of clinically significant arrhythmias in CTO patients using an implantable loop recorder. Further, the investogators intend to identify predictors for arrhythmias as well as the impact on arrhythmia of optimized pharmacological treatment and revascularization in CTO patients. Here, CTO patients with failed PCI may be individuals with a particularly high risk of severe arrhythmias.
BACKGROUND: Pain in multiple body sites is common and often persistent. The purpose of this prospective study was to examine the change in the number of pain sites (NPS) over time and to evaluate to which extent clinical, demographic, lifestyle and health-related factors predict a change in NPS.
METHODS: This was a population-based longitudinal cohort study of adults (n = 2,357). Data on pain, demographic, lifestyle, and health-related variables were collected by questionnaires in 2008 and 2020 and register data from 2006 to 2017. Data was analysed with linear regression.
RESULTS: We found a mean decrease in NPS over the 12-year follow-up period (-0.36 (95% CI; -0.44; -0.27) and 56% of this sample reported no change or only one pain site increase/decrease over 12 years. While participants reporting pain for less than 3 months at baseline had almost no change in NPS (-0.04 (95% CI; -0.18; 0.10)), participants with pain for longer than 3 months decreased by -0.51 (95% CI; -0.62; -0.41). Age at baseline (20-49 years), pain intensity, and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) were associated with an increase in NPS over the follow-up period.
CONCLUSIONS: NPS is relatively stable over time. We found a small mean decrease in NPS over 12 years varying between participants with pain for longer than 3 months and pain for less than 3 months respectively. The results also indicate that pain intensity, age, and obesity could be relevant factors to consider when predicting change in NPS.
Previous studies clearly established clinical benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) however uptake and completion rate of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs by these patients is limited by multiple barriers. The study team developed a Comprehensive Health Informatics Engagement Framework for Pulmonary Rehabilitation which facilitates patient referral and promotes adherence with pulmonary rehabilitation program using innovative multi-pronged approach. It includes computer-mediated patient counseling to increase patient motivation in joining PR program followed by ongoing home-based support of PR by a telerehabilitation system that monitors patients' progress and allows remote oversight by clinical PR team. The goal of this project is to systematically evaluate impact of Comprehensive Health Informatics Engagement Framework for Pulmonary Rehabilitation (CHIEF-PR) in a randomized controlled trial. The study team's main hypothesis is that CHIEF-PR will result in significantly higher rates of completion of a comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program. The study team will enroll 120 COPD patients within 4 weeks of acute exacerbation of COPD into a randomized controlled trial and follow them for 12 months. Patients will be randomly assigned to intervention (CHIEF-PR) and control (best available standard of care) groups. Primary outcome will be completion rate of a comprehensive 3-month PR program. Secondary outcomes will include relevant clinical and patient-reported parameters.
Participants will be asked to maintain their normal physical activity and dietary habits during the 12-week intervention. Physical activity, diet, urine and blood samples will be collected every 4 weeks. Each participant will consume 3 placebo capsules (calcium lactate), twice a day with a meal or snack for a total of 6 capsules per day. Placebo capsules match the size, color, weight, and number of capsules per dose compared to the β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Plus Vitamin D (VitD) capsules.
Mechanisms of abdominal obesity GWAS variants have remained largely unknown. To elucidate these mechanisms, we leveraged subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) single nucleus RNA-sequencing and genomics data. After discovering that heritability of abdominal obesity is enriched in adipocytes, we focused on a SAT unique adipocyte marker gene, the transcription factor TBX15, and its abdominal obesity-associated deleterious missense variant, rs10494217. The allele frequency of rs10494217 revealed a north-to-south decreasing gradient, with consistent significant FST values observed for 25 different populations when compared to Finns, a population with a history of genetic isolation. Given the role of Tbx15 in mouse thermogenesis, the frequency may have increased as an adaptation to cold in Finns. Our selection analysis provided significant evidence of selection for the abdominal obesity risk allele T of rs10494217 in Finns, with a north-to-south decreasing trend in other populations, and demonstrated that latitude significantly predicts the allele frequency. We also discovered that the risk allele status significantly affects SAT adipocyte expression of multiple adipocyte marker genes in trans in two cohorts. Two of these trans genes have been connected to thermogenesis, supporting the thermogenic effect of the TBX15 missense variant as a possible cause of its selection. Adipose expression of one trans gene, a lncRNA, AC002066.1, was strongly associated with adipocyte size, implicating it in metabolically unhealthy adipocyte hypertrophy. In summary, the abdominal obesity variant rs10494217 was selected in Finns, and individuals with the risk allele have trans effects on adipocyte expression of genes relating to thermogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy.
A cognitive behavioral therapy practice called Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) focuses on acceptance rather than control of thoughts, emotions and physical sensations, regardless of their quality. The crux of ACT is teaching patients to separate themselves from their thoughts (e.g., cognitive defusion) and thus decrease the importance placed on them. ACT has been successful in treating psychological disorders and emotional disturbances alone or when associated with physical illnesses, those that cause pain in particular. While ACT is effective, it may not be feasible for busy orthopedic practices. However, simple exercises that teach patients to deemphasize the importance they place on thoughts might be feasible in orthopedic settings where patients present with pain and strong emotions. An ACT exercise, delivered before the orthopedic appointment, has the potential to set the tone for a more positive experience for both patient and provider, by lowering a patient's pain intensity, state anxiety (e.g., anxiety symptoms in the present moment) as measured comprehensively by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire, distress, depression, anger, and anxiety, all four measured by 1 item emotional thermometers (visual scales used to rate different emotions). This exercise might help patients see ACT exercises as a helpful part of their recovery. Some might be motivated to learn more and to continue using them at home. This could improve their recovery from and adjustment to the medical condition.
This review discusses the potential of targeting the kynurenine pathway (KP) in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The KP, responsible for the catabolism of the amino acid tryptophan (TRP), produces metabolites that regulate various physiological processes, including inflammation, cell cycle, and neurotransmission. These metabolites, although necessary to maintain immune balance, may accumulate excessively during inflammation, leading to systemic disorders. Key KP enzymes such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) have been considered promising therapeutic targets. It was highlighted that both inhibition and activation of these enzymes may be beneficial, depending on the specific inflammatory disorder. Several inflammatory conditions, including autoimmune diseases, for which modulation of KP activity holds therapeutic promise, have been described in detail. Preclinical studies suggest that this modulation may be an effective treatment strategy for diseases for which treatment options are currently limited. Taken together, this review highlights the importance of further research on the clinical application of KP enzyme modulation in the development of new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases.
When multidose vials are used, special care to prevent contamination of the contents is essential. A povidone-iodine solution or similar product is recommended to cleanse the vial top prior to aspiration of contents. (See WARNINGS.)

This product, like many other steroid formulations, is sensitive to heat. Therefore, it should not be autoclaved when it is desirable to sterilize the outside of the vial.

The lowest possible dose of corticosteroid should be used to control the condition under treatment. When reduction in dosage is possible, the reduction should be gradual.

Since complications of treatment with glucocorticoids are dependent on the size of the dose and duration of treatment, a risk/benefit decision must be made in each individual case as to dose and duration of treatment and as to whether daily or intermittent therapy should be used.

Kaposi’s sarcoma has been reported to occur in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy, most often for chronic conditions. Discontinuation of corticosteroids may result in clinical improvement.
Used for Treatment. All patients will receive edoxaban 60 mg once a day, with open-label design, for 4 weeks. Edoxaban daily dose will be reduced to 30 mg/day in case of: body weight ≤60 kg, or concomitant therapy with verapamil/quinidine/dronedarone.
BACKGROUND: The nose is a common site for the development of skin cancers. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a highly curative treatment for skin cancer of the nose. Reconstruction of MMS defects on the nose, especially on the distal aspect, can be challenging given the proximity of multiple subunits and limited adjacent tissue reservoirs. Our goal was to describe our experience using a nasal tip rotation flap (NTRF) for MMS defects on the distal nose.
METHODS: A retrospective review of all MMS cases at multiple institutions between June 2018 and June 2022 was undertaken. Cases that used an NTRF to repair the MMS defect(s) were selected, and data were collected on patient demographics, tumor type, anatomical location of the tumor, preoperative and postoperative size, number of stages needed to clear the tumor, repair dimensions, and any postoperative complications.
RESULTS: A total of 66 cases that utilized an NTRF for reconstruction were included. The mean preoperative tumor size was 0.8 cm (range: 0.3-1.6 cm), and the mean defect size was 1.2 cm (range: 0.7-1.9 cm). The defects were most commonly on the nasal tip. There were no significant complications observed.
CONCLUSIONS: The nasal tip rotation flap is a reliable reconstruction option for MMS defects of the distal nose. This flap can be used for defects that involve the nasal tip, soft triangle, and/or portions of the ala, including the alar rim.