anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Background & objectives Scrub typhus is an emerging mite-borne zoonotic infection that has been overlooked, despite being one of the most widespread severe vector-borne diseases. With an estimated one billion people at risk worldwide and one million annual cases, it poses a significant public health concern. While various studies have investigated the prevalence of scrub typhus in different regions of India, a comprehensive regional systematic review and meta-analysis on the seropositivity of scrub typhus among acute febrile cases has been lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compile information on the current seroprevalence of scrub typhus in acute febrile illness cases in India. Methods A literature search of multiple databases on prevalence of scrub typhus in acute febrile illness in India, 60 eligible studies out of 573 studies. The prevalence of individual studies was double arcsine transformed, and the pooled prevalence was calculated using inverse variance method. Results In total, these studies encompassed 34,492 febrile cases. The overall seroprevalence of scrub typhus among acute febrile illness cases in India was found to be 26.41 per cent [95% confidence interval (CI): 22.03-31.03]. Additionally, the pooled case fatality rate (based on data from six studies) among scrub typhus-positive cases yielded a case fatality rate of 7.69 per cent (95% CI: 4.37-11.72). Interpretation & conclusions This meta-analysis shows that scrub typhus is a significant health threat in India. Preventive measures to control scrub typhus need to be given priority.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject composition comprising a calcium salt, vitamin D and at least one mineral and useful for supplying the calcium, a fine amount of the mineral, etc., to prevent the disorders of bone loss such as osteoporosis, etc., accompanied by the ageing of adults, especially the menopause of females. SOLUTION: This calcium dietary supplement composition comprises (A) a calcium salt such as calcium gluconate, calcium lactate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium citrate, especially calcium carbonate, (B) vitamin D, and (C) minerals such as the salts of boron, copper, magnesium, manganese or zinc with an anion (e.g. phosphate ion, chloride ion, sulfate ion or nitrate ion). The contents of the component A and the component B are e.g. 1000-2500 mg, and 50-800 I.U., respectively. The component C comprises e.g. 50-3000 μm of a borate salt, 0.1-5.0 mg of a copper salt, 10-150 mg of a magnesium salt, 3-10 mg of a manganese salt and 3-25 mg of a zinc salt.
The researchers will be evaluating baseline indicators of wanting salience and liking between 2 and 6 month olds, with the goal of following up with these families at 24 months and beyond by reviewing the dyads' medical charts. The researchers will also examine direct and indirect associations between reward-driven eating, and maternal and infant characteristics and infant weight-for-length.
This closed cohort study aimed to identify the associations between dairy calf management practices and herd-level perinatal calf mortality risk. From February 2020 to June 2021, predominantly Holstein dairy farms in Québec (n = 1,832) and New Brunswick (n = 52), Canada, that were registered in the dairy herd improvement program were visited once. A questionnaire covering all aspects of precalving, calving, and colostrum management was administered. Data regarding perinatal mortality were retrieved from the dairy herd improvement program database for each farm for 2021. Perinatal mortality was calculated for each farm as the proportion of calves dead at birth or dying within 24 h after birth. A multivariable negative binomial model was used to assess herd-level factors associated with the risk of perinatal mortality. The final model included the lying surface in the calving area, the typical time to first colostrum intake, typical cow-calf contact time, the proportion of males born, the proportion of assisted calvings, and herd size. Herd-level perinatal mortality risk ranged from 0% to 38.1% (mean ± SE = 7.6% ± 0.1%). A greater proportion of males born, a higher proportion of assisted calvings, and delayed colostrum feeding were associated with increased herd-level perinatal mortality. Factors associated with a decreased herd-level perinatal mortality risk were having a typical cow-calf contact time between 7 and 12 h after calving compared with reduced cow-calf contact time, soft lying surfaces in the calving area compared with concrete and mat-lying surfaces, and an increased number of calvings per year. Our results show that although some of the significant risk factors are not well understood (i.e., calving area lying surface, typical cow-calf contact time), Canadian farmers could focus on the factors under their control (i.e., time to first colostrum feeding, proportion of difficult calvings, males born, and calvings per year) to reduce the risk of perinatal mortality. Future work should focus on qualitative research to understand the dairy farmer motivations and limitations to implementing practices identified in this and other studies to reduce perinatal mortality.
The primary objective will be addressed by testing two hypotheses aimed at assessing whether hIVIG + standard of care (SOC) is superior to placebo + SOC for the primary ordinal endpoint at Day 7. These hypotheses will be tested for the following two groups: a) among all randomized participants (stratum 1 and 2), and b) among only participants enrolled in stratum 1. For the primary analysis, overall type 1 error will be controlled at 5% by using a 2-sided significance level of 0.035 for each hypothesis. This significance level was obtained using the correlation between the test statistics for the proportional log odds ratio for all randomized participants and for this log odds ratio for those in stratum 1. This correlation was determined to be 0.895. With this approach hIVIG will be considered superior to placebo if either of the two hypotheses is rejected.

Participants will be randomized to a single infusion of an hIVIG product or placebo in a 1:1 allocation. Randomization will be stratified by study site pharmacy and the two SOC strata.
The invention comprises compounds of formula <FORM:1032880/C2/1> wherein R1, R4 and R5 are C1- 7\t alkyl groups, and one of R2 and R3 is a hydrogen atom and the other is a C1- 7 alkyl group, and derivatives thereof wherein the nitrogen atom carrying the R1 substituent also carries a benzyl radical, and acid addition salts thereof, and the preparation of compounds (I) by (a) debenzylation of the N-benzyl derivatives by catalytic hydrogenolysis, (b) reaction of an appropriate halo-compound with an amine R1NH, (c) reduction of a compound containing the group R6CONR1-wherein R6 is a hydrogen atom or a C1- 7 alkyl, C1- 7 alkoxy or C1- 7 carboxyalkyl group, or, to prepare the N-benzyl compounds, (d) reacting a substituted-p-N-benzyl aminoethoxybenzylamine with a substituted benzoyl halide or (e) reacting a substituted N-p-hydroxybenzyl benzamide with a substituted b -N-benzylamino-ethyl halide.  Compounds of formula <FORM:1032880/C2/2> are prepared by oxidation of a m-OR5-p-OR4-benzaldehyde or by etherification -of m,p-dihydroxybenzoic acid to form a m-OR5-p-OR4-benzoic acid, converting this to its acid halide, reacting this with p-hydroxybenzylamine to give a N - p - hydroxybenzyl - m - OR4 - p - OR5 benzamide, and reacting this with a compound of formula R6CONR1CHR2CHR3Hal, wherein Hal is a halogen atom.  Compounds of formula <FORM:1032880/C2/3> wherein Z is a halogen atom are prepared by reaction of an N-p-hydroxybenzyl-m-OR4-p-OR5-benzamide with (a) an ethylene or substituted ethylene dihalide or (b) a compound of formula Z-CHR2CHR3X where X is a p-toluenesulphonyloxy group. Compounds of formula PhCH2NR1CHR2CHR3Hal wherein Ph is a phenyl group and Hal is a halogen atom are prepared by (a) N-alkylation of an N-benzyl-aminoalcohol, (b) reaction of a compound of formula PhCH2NHR1 with an alkylene oxide, or (c) reaction of benzaldehyde with an aminoalcohol under reducing conditions to give a compound of formula PhCH2NR1CHR2CHR3OH, and treating this with thionyl chloride. Compounds of formula <FORM:1032880/C2/4> are prepared by reaction of an N-benzyl-b -haloalkylamine with p - hydroxy - benzaldehyde to form a p-b -N-benzylaminoalkoxybenzaldehyde, and reacting this with ammonia under reducing conditions.  m - Propoxy - p - methoxy - benzaldehyde is prepared by m-alkylation with propyl bromide.  The compounds (I) have anti-emetic activity and may be used in pharmaceutical compositions in combination with a carrier, for example in forms suitable for oral, parenteral or rectal administration.
Participants in will be asked to begin the Peak Human Labs calorie mimetic supplement. They will also begin on day 1 the 5 day Fasting Mimicking Diet Program. Participants will continue the supplementation for the 90 days and repeat the 5 day Fasting Mimicking Diet Program on days 1, 29 and 57. Starting at day 91, they will return to their usual daily routine.
The block will be performed by an experienced anesthesiologist in block applications under USG guidance. After the antisepsis of the area to be blocked, a 22G 50 mm stimulator needle will be used for the block . Intermittent negative aspiration will be performed during all procedures to detect possible vascular puncture. 20 ml of bupivacaine(Buvicaine HCl %0.5) and prilocaine(Priloc HCl %2) 1:1 mixture will be prepared in a way that there will be 5mcg adrenaline per ml.(9ml bupivacaine, 9ml prilocaine and 2ml saline with 50 mcg adrenaline per ml) Local anesthetic mixture will be administered by multi injection method between the nerve groups seen in the sonoanatomical image.
Patients in the TM+ condition will be randomized to receive 5 text messages in scheduled succession. These messages will be either an autonomy supportive message, or a directive motivational message.
Despite the harm that cocaine can cause to the body, its abuse is widespread. It is the cause of more visits to hospital emergency rooms nationwide than any other illegal drug. Effective treatments for cocaine and opiate addictions are essential to the decline of cocaine- and opiate-related disorders. Unfortunately, cocaine use remains prevalent among participants in many opioid maintenance programs. The addition of other medications to methadone maintenance may prove helpful in reducing cocaine use. Disulfiram, a drug used to treat chronic alcoholism, causes unpleasant effects when even small amounts of alcohol are consumed. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of three different doses of disulfiram in treating cocaine dependence in opioid- and cocaine-dependent individuals maintained on methadone.

Participants in this double blind study will be randomly assigned to receive either disulfiram at one of three dosage levels (62.5, 125, 250 mg/day) or placebo for 14 weeks. During the first 2 weeks, doses of methadone plus either disulfiram or placebo will be administered until the assigned maintenance dose is achieved. This dosage level will be maintained for the duration of the study. Participants will be required to report to the study site Monday through Saturday of each week for assessments and to receive medication. They will receive a take-home dose of medication for Sunday. In addition, participants will receive a weekly session of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Urine samples will be collected three times a week to assess drug use. At the end of the study, participants will undergo a 4- to 6-week detoxification period in which they will gradually discontinue the use of methadone and disulfiram. All participants have the option to request transfer to a local methadone maintenance program instead of undergoing detoxification.

Enrollment has been completed and no subjects are active. Data analyses are being conducted at this time.
The present invention belongs to the technical field of a Chinese patent medicine. At present, oral medicines for treating piles in the medicinal material market have poor effects and high relapse rate; in order to solve the problem, the present invention provides a specific oral medicine for treating piles. The present invention is composed of eight medicines such as rhubarb, heterophylly falsestarwort root, pig's bile, liquorice root, Chinese honeylocust fruit (Chinese honeylocust abnormal fruit), zheshu, common aucklandia root and gypsum. In the 'Chinese Medicine Dictionary' and school books in high medicine colleges, the eight medicines are not used for treating piles, but the present invention integrates the medicines into a prescription for treating piles, which truly obtains special effects, and the relapse rate is very low. The present invention can be used for treating internal piles, external piles, mixed piles and piles fistulas. The medicine has the advantages of low toxicity, safety, reliability, wide medicine source, low cost and simple production technology and is suitable for extensive patients. The formula of the medicine is characterized in that the contrary medicine of the Chinese honeylocust fruit (the Chinese honeylocust abnormal fruit) can be reused. The present invention truly has the advantages of high novelty, creativity and practicability.
Reclipsen™ (desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol tablets USP) is indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect to use oral contraceptives as a method of contraception.

Oral contraceptives are highly effective. Table 1 lists the typical accidental pregnancy rates for users of combined oral contraceptives and other methods of contraception. The efficacy of these contraceptive methods, except sterilization, the IUD, and the Norplant System depends upon the reliability with which they are used. Correct and consistent use of these methods can result in lower failure rates.

In a clinical trial with Reclipsen (desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol tablets USP), 1,195 subjects completed 11,656 cycles and a total of 10 pregnancies were reported. This represents an overall user-efficacy (typical user-efficacy) pregnancy rate of 1.12 per 100 women-years. This rate includes patients who did not take the drug correctly.

Table 1: PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN EXPERIENCING AN UNINTENDED PREGNANCY DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF TYPICAL USE AND THE FIRST YEAR OF PERFECT USE OF CONTRACEPTION AND THE PERCENTAGE CONTINUING USE AT THE END OF THE FIRST YEAR. UNITED STATES. 

Reclipsen (desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol tablets USP) has not been studied for and is not indicated for use in emergency contraception.
A process for modifying the configuration of hair and other fibres, e.g. wool, comprises constraining the hair or other fibre in the desired manner and applying thereto a freshly prepared aqueous alkaline dispersion of a methyl silyl mercaptoacetate of the general formula <FORM:0827419/IV(c)/1> where n is 1, 2 or 3, together with a compound which retards precipitation of the organo-silicon hydrolysis product, e.g. a lower alkanol or an emulsifying agent.  The alkanol, e.g. ethyl alcohol, may comprise 50% of the aqueous alcohol mixture. Ammonia is a suitable alkaline material.  Specified emulsifying agents are an oleic acid-ethylene oxide condensation product and a polyoxyalkylene derivative of sorbitan mono-oleate.  The silyl mercapto acetates hydrolyse in the aqueous media to form a mixture of thioglycollic acid, which reduces the keratin of the fibre, and methylpolysiloxane, which encloses the fibre in a thin, elastic film.ALSO:The invention comprises methylsilyl mercaptoacetates of the general formula <FORM:0827419/IV (a)/1> where n is 1, 2 or 3; the compounds being useful in aqueous alkaline solutions for the treatment of live hair and similar fibres.  They are prepared by reacting a methyl chlorosilane with excess alkali metal thioglycollate under anhydrous conditions, preferably in the absence of oxygen and in an inert solvent such as diethyl ether or benzene. For treating hair, the compounds are dissolved in water together with an anti-precipitating agent, e.g. a lower alkanol or an emulsifying agent, and ammonia, to form a mixture of methylpolysiloxane and thioglycollic acid.
BACKGROUND: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) represent a public health threat due to the few available treatments. Such alarm has triggered worldwide initiatives to develop effective antimicrobial compounds and novel delivery and therapeutic strategies. vanA operon is responsible for most cases of acquired vancomycin resistance in enterococci.
OBJECTIVES: Development of a transcription factor decoy (TFD) system as a vanA gene transcription-inhibitor.
METHODS: Vancomycin MIC was determined in the presence of TFD-lipoplexes. Additionally, the effect of TFD-lipoplexes on the expression level of the vanA gene and the growth pattern of E. faecalis was evaluated. The haemolytic activity of the developed TFD-lipoplexes and their cytotoxicity were examined. TFD-lipoplexes efficiency in treating vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VREF) infection was tested in vivo using a systemic mice infection model.
RESULTS: A reduction in vancomycin MIC against VRE from 256 mg/L (resistant) to 16 mg/L (intermediate susceptible), in the presence of TFD-lipoplexes, was recorded. The developed TFD-lipoplexes lacked any effect on E. faecalis growth and significantly reduced the transcription level of the vanA gene by about 3-fold. In an initial evaluation of the safety of TFD-lipoplexes, they were found not to be overtly haemolytic to human blood or cytotoxic to human skin fibroblast cells. The co-administration of TFD-lipoplexes and vancomycin efficiently eradicated VREF infection in vivo.
CONCLUSIONS: The developed TFD-lipoplexes successfully restored vancomycin activity against VREF. They offer a safe effective unconventional therapy against this stubborn organism and present a revolution in gene therapy that can be applied to other resistance-encoding genes in various organisms.
A method for the removal of cholesterol, triglycerides and other lipids from animal plasma, serum or other suitable blood fractions, as a discontinuous flow system, the method comprising withdrawing blood from a subject, separating the required fraction from the blood and mixing with a solvent mixture which extracts the lipids from the fraction, after which the delipidated fraction is recombined with the blood cells and returned to the subject, wherein the solvent extraction step is carried out separately and remote from the subject. The delipidated fraction is washed with a second solvent before being recombined with the blood cells. To ensure that the delipidated fraction is free from all extraction solvent, the fraction is mixed with an absorbent specific for the solvent that is being removed. The preferred absorbent is a macroporous polymeric bead contained in the pores of a sintered glass or plastic sphere, the being capable of absorbing organic molecules from an aqueous solution. By treating the plasma, serum or other suitable blood fraction of a patient by these methods, the blood rheology of a patient with impaired blood circulation can be improved. Further, a rapid regression of coronary atherosclerosis occurs.
Voltage-gated calcium channels regulate neuronal excitability. The Cav3.2 isoform of the T-type voltage-activated calcium channel is expressed in sensory neurons and is implicated in pain transmission. However, its role in itch remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that Cav3.2 is expressed by mechanosensory and peptidergic subsets of mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons and colocalized with TRPV1 and receptors for type 2 cytokines. Cav3.2-positive neurons innervate human skin. A deficiency of Cav3.2 reduces histamine, IL-4/IL-13, and TSLP-induced itch in mice. Cav3.2 channels were upregulated in the dorsal root ganglia of an atopic dermatitis (AD)-like mouse model and mediated neuronal excitability. Genetic knockout of Cav3.2 or T-type calcium channel blocker mibefradil treatment reduced spontaneous and mechanically induced scratching behaviors and skin inflammation in an AD-like mouse model. Substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide levels were increased in the trigeminal ganglia from AD-like mouse model, and genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of Cav3.2 reduced their gene expression. Cav3.2 knockout also attenuated the pathologic changes in ex vivo skin explants cocultured with trigeminal ganglia neurons from AD-induced mice. Our study identifies the role of Cav3.2 in both histaminergic and nonhistaminergic acute itch. Cav3.2 channel also contributes to AD-related chronic itch and neuroinflammation.
Rare eosinophil-associated disorders (EADs), including hypereosinophilic syndrome, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, are a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by blood and/or tissue hypereosinophilia and eosinophil-related clinical manifestations. Although the recent availability of biologic therapies that directly and indirectly target eosinophils has the potential to dramatically improve treatment options for all EADs, clinical trials addressing their safety and efficacy in rare EADs have been relatively few. Consequently, patient access to therapy is limited for many biologics, and the establishment of evidence-based treatment guidelines has been extremely difficult. In this regard, multicenter retrospective collaborative studies focusing on disease manifestations and treatment responses in rare EADs have provided invaluable data for physicians managing patients with these conditions and helped identify important questions for future translational research. During the Clinical Pre-Meeting Workshop held in association with the July 2023 biennial meeting of the International Eosinophil Society in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, the successes and limitations of pivotal multicenter retrospective studies in EADs were summarized and unmet needs regarding the establishment of guidelines for use of biologics in rare EADs were discussed. Key topics of interest included (1) clinical outcome measures, (2) minimally invasive biomarkers of disease activity, (3) predictors of response to biologic agents, and (4) long-term safety of eosinophil depletion. Herein, we report a summary of these discussions, presenting a state-of-the-art overview of data currently available for each of these topics, the limitations of the data, and avenues for future data generation through implementation of multidisciplinary and multicenter studies.
There is evidence that lenalidomide has single agent activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic leukemia (SLL). Optimal dosing of lenalidomide in CLL has not been established yet. A pilot clinical trial in CLL studied single agent lenalidomide cycled every 4 weeks with 25 mg for three weeks on and one week off drug. In this trial dose reductions have been necessary secondary to prolonged neutropenia or thrombocytopenia in a majority of patients. However, there was also remarkable efficacy and evidence for an immune stimulatory effect of lenalidomide. Therefore, we propose this phase II trial using 20 mg lenalidomide (Revlimid(Registered Trademark)) 3 weeks on and 3 weeks off for 4 cycles in subjects who have been previously treated for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic leukemia (SLL). Subjects with at least partial response (PR) may go on to receive 4 additional cycles.

The primary objective of the trial is to test the efficacy of a more tolerable dosing scheme of lenalidomide.
PURPOSE: A composition containing a promoting agent for clusterin expression or activation for preventing and treating fatty liver is provided. CONSTITUTION: A composition for preventing and treating fatty liver contains a promoting agent for clusterin expression or activation. The fatty liver is a non-alcoholic fatty liver. The promoting agent is a nucleic acid encoding clusterin. The nucleic acid is a recombinant vector containing a nucleic acid encoding clusterin. The vector is an adenovirus vector.