anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Beyond being a pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with extrapulmonary manifestations including reduced cognitive, cardiovascular, and muscle function. While exercise training is the cornerstone in the non-pharmacological treatment of COPD, there is a need for new exercise training methods due to suboptimal adaptations when following traditional exercise guidelines, often applying moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). In people with COPD, short-duration high-intensity interval training (HIIT) holds the potential to induce a more optimal stimulus for training adaptations while circumventing the ventilatory burden often associated with MICT in people with COPD. We aim to determine the effects of supramaximal HIIT and MICT on extrapulmonary manifestations in people with COPD compared to matched healthy controls.
METHODS: COPD-HIIT is a prospective, multi-centre, randomized, controlled trial with blinded assessors and data analysts, employing a parallel-group designed trial. In phase 1, we will investigate the effects and mechanisms of a 12-week intervention of supramaximal HIIT compared to MICT in people with COPD (n = 92) and matched healthy controls (n = 70). Participants will perform watt-based cycling two to three times weekly. In phase 2, we will determine how exercise training and inflammation impact the trajectories of neurodegeneration, in people with COPD, over 24 months. In addition to the 92 participants with COPD performing HIIT or MICT, a usual care group (n = 46) is included in phase 2. In both phases, the primary outcomes are a change from baseline in cognitive function, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscle power. Key secondary outcomes include change from baseline exercise tolerance, brain structure, and function measured by MRI, neuroinflammation measured by PET/CT, systemic inflammation, and intramuscular adaptations. Feasibility of the interventions will be comprehensively investigated.
DISCUSSION: The COPD-HIIT trial will determine the effects of supramaximal HIIT compared to MICT in people with COPD and healthy controls. We will provide evidence for a novel exercise modality that might overcome the barriers associated with MICT in people with COPD. We will also shed light on the impact of exercise at different intensities to reduce neurodegeneration. The goal of the COPD-HIIT trial is to improve the treatment of extrapulmonary manifestations of the disease.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT06068322. Prospectively registered on 2023-09-28.
Participants will receive the non-industrialized-type diet for 3 weeks, followed by a crossover to 3 weeks of consuming their usual diet after a 3-week washout period. Participants will be provided with a one-time dose of L. reuteri PB-W1 strain on day 4 of each diet period. The L. reuteri PB-W1 strain will be provided as a drinkable solution (approximately 2.25x10\^10 viable cells will be provided in 50 ml of water).
The invention relates to an irregular-shape space-time scanning method aiming at disease prediction, and belongs to the technical field of information processing. The method comprises the steps of dividing a total research area in space, counting the number of cases and the number of population of each sub-area in the whole time range respectively, taking the ratio of the number of cases to the number of population of each sub-area as an attribute value of the area, and taking the corresponding ratio of the total research area as a reference value. For a specific area, whether the diseased condition of the area is close to that of the peripheral area of the area is determined by using a dispersion product method according to the spatial adjacency relation. If so, it is merged with the peripheral region into a larger region as the bottom surface of the scanning window. Then, whether the merging region and the peripheral region can be merged continuously is judged in the same way according to the new spatial adjacency relation. And finally, calculating the scanning statistic of each window, and finding out the space-time aggregation area of the disease according to the size of the scanning statistic.
Mitoxantrone Injection, USP is indicated for reducing neurologic disability and/or the frequency of clinical relapses in patients with secondary (chronic) progressive, progressive relapsing, or worsening relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (i.e., patients whose neurologic status is significantly abnormal between relapses). Mitoxantrone Injection, USP is not indicated in the treatment of patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. 

The clinical patterns of multiple sclerosis in the studies were characterized as follows: secondary progressive and progressive relapsing disease were characterized by gradual increasing disability with or without superimposed clinical relapses, and worsening relapsing-remitting disease was characterized by clinical relapses resulting in a step-wise worsening of disability. 

Mitoxantrone Injection, USP in combination with corticosteroids is indicated as initial chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with pain related to advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer. 

Mitoxantrone Injection, USP in combination with other approved drug(s) is indicated in the initial therapy of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) in adults. This category includes myelogenous, promyelocytic, monocytic, and erythroid acute leukemias.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize current insights on the immune pathology of bursitis caused by rheumatic inflammatory diseases, degenerative conditions, or mechanical stress and identify knowledge gaps in this field. Data on tenosynovitis pathology was included for comparison.
METHODS: We performed a systematic review encompassing an electronic database search of all published literatures in PubMed/MEDLINE from inception to February 13, 2023, investigating the immunological changes occurring in the bursa of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, degenerative conditions or mechanical stress (e.g., impingement syndrome).
RESULTS: Thirty-two articles provided data on the immune pathology of bursal tissue inflammation were identified. Histological and immunological perturbations included alterations of tissue morphology, infiltration of macrophages and some T cells, and enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). These changes were described for all three underlying causes, although studies on bursitis associated with rheumatic inflammatory diseases were rare. Fibrosis was only reported in subacromial bursitis caused by mechanical stress within our included studies.
CONCLUSION: Current insights on bursitis were outdated and studies on bursitis associated with rheumatic inflammatory diseases are particularly lacking. Substantial overlap of enhanced expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and infiltrating macrophages were found in bursitis irrespective of the underlying cause. In depth investigation on bursitis such as high throughput multi-omics are urgently needed to guide disease-specific therapeutic management.
The invention discloses a construction method of a tumor specific adenovirus vector carrying a p21ras single-chain antibody gene and application of the tumor specific adenovirus vector to CIK (cytokine induced killer) cells by loading. The prepared conditionally replicating tumor specific adenovirus has double targeting and can infect the CIK cells. The tumor specific adenovirus KGHV500 carrying the p21ras single-chain antibody gene is prepared by cloning a p21ras single-chain antibody and a GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene into a recombinant adenovirus shuttle plasmid pXC2P simultaneously. The prepared recombinant adenovirus can specifically recognize tumor cells and has low toxicity towards normal cells. The p21ras single-chain antibody gene carried by the virus can be expressed for a long term along with virus replication, and the virus shows good anti-tumor effects through in vitro and vivo experiments. The tumor specific adenovirus vector can be used for researching and developing drug preparations of related tumors caused by p21ras protein over-expression, such as breast tumors and the like.
Gastrointestinal bleeding scintigraphy is a noninvasive study used to determine the presence of active bleeding, localize the bleeding site, and estimate the bleeding volume for prognostic purposes in patients with suspected gastrointestinal bleeding. However, it is important to note that false-positive results can occur due to various reasons. In this case, we present the scenario of a middle-aged woman who exhibited symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding and underwent 99m Tc-RBC scintigraphy. The imaging revealed an accumulation of radiotracer in the hypogastric region, which was later determined to be caused by an omental hernia on SPECT/CT images. The herniated structure caused congestion in the mesenteric vessels, leading to the accumulation of 99m Tc-RBC. This case highlights the significance of considering anatomical anomalies and nonbleeding pathologies when interpreting the 99m Tc-RBC scintigraphy results for gastrointestinal bleeding.
The objective of dose titration is to identify an effective and tolerable maintenance dose for ongoing management of breakthrough cancer pain episodes. The effective and tolerable dose of ABSTRAL will be determined by dose titration in individual patients.

Carefully supervise patients until a dose that provides adequate analgesia with tolerable side effects is reached for breakthrough pain control.

Starting Dose: Individually titrate ABSTRAL to a dose that provides adequate analgesia with tolerable side effects. Begin titration of all patients with an initial dose of ABSTRAL of 100 mcg. Due to differences in the pharmacokinetic properties and individual variability, even patients switching from other fentanyl containing products to ABSTRAL must start with the 100 mcg dose. ABSTRAL is not equivalent on a mcg per mcg basis with all other fentanyl products, therefore, do not switch patients on a mcg per mcg basis from any other fentanyl product. ABSTRAL is NOT a generic version of any other fentanyl product.

Start all patients with a single 100 mcg tablet.

  * If adequate analgesia is obtained within 30 minutes of administration of the 100 mcg tablet, continue to treat subsequent episodes of breakthrough pain with this dose.
  * If adequate analgesia is not obtained after ABSTRAL, the patient may use a second ABSTRAL dose (after 30 minutes) as directed by their health care provider. No more than two doses of ABSTRAL may be used to treat an episode of breakthrough pain.
  * Patients must wait at least 2 hours before treating another episode of breakthrough pain with ABSTRAL.



Titration Steps: If adequate analgesia was not obtained with the first 100 mcg dose, continue dose escalation in a stepwise manner over consecutive breakthrough episodes until adequate analgesia with tolerable side effects is achieved. Increase the dose by 100 mcg multiples up to 400 mcg as needed. If adequate analgesia is not obtained with a 400 mcg dose, the next titration step is 600 mcg. If adequate analgesia is not obtained with a 600 mcg dose, the next titration step is 800 mcg. During titration, patients can be instructed to use multiples of 100 mcg tablets and/or 200 mcg tablets for any single dose. Instruct patients not to use more than 4 tablets at one time. If adequate analgesia is not obtained 30 minutes after the use of ABSTRAL, the patient may repeat the same dose of ABSTRAL. No more than two doses of ABSTRAL may be used to treat an episode of breakthrough pain. Rescue medication as directed by the health care provider can be used if adequate analgesia is not achieved after use of ABSTRAL.

The efficacy and safety of doses higher than 800 mcg have not been evaluated in clinical studies in patients.

In order to minimize the risk of ABSTRAL-related adverse reactions and to identify the appropriate dose, it is imperative that patients be supervised closely by health professionals during the titration process.
The role of scapular dyskinesis as a risk factor of shoulder injury has been largely discussed. However, most studies have focused on symptomatic patients and less is known on the asymptomatic dyskinetic scapula. Removing the confounding effects of the pathologies could contribute to better characterize the scapula dyskinesis. As muscle properties (strength, fatigue, nerve injury …) have been identified as causative factors of scapular dyskinesis, this study focuses specifically on characterizing the protractor and retractor muscles of the dyskinetic scapula. Thirteen asymptomatic dyskinetic volunteers were compared to eleven asymptomatic non-dyskinetic control volunteers. Muscle characteristics were evaluated in terms of maximal strength, fatigue resistance and electromyographic activity during a functional closed-chained task. The results did not identify kinematic or muscle activity significant differences between the dyskinetic and the control group even in fatigue conditions. However, the results demonstrated that protractors vs. retractors fatigue resistance ratios were imbalanced (<0.8) in the dyskinetic group and significantly lower than in the non-dyskinetic one. Our study suggests that that strength imbalances are not necessarily related to the presence of pain at the shoulder joint. These results demonstrated the importance to complete the clinical assessments of the scapula with strength evaluations even for asymptomatic sport practitioners.
Polyp detection is a challenging task in the diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer (CRC), and it demands clinical expertise due to the diverse nature of polyps. The recent years have witnessed the development of automated polyp detection systems to assist the experts in early diagnosis, considerably reducing the time consumption and diagnostic errors. In automated CRC diagnosis, polyp segmentation is an important step which is carried out with deep learning segmentation models. Recently, Vision Transformers (ViT) are slowly replacing these models due to their ability to capture long range dependencies among image patches. However, the existing ViTs for polyp do not harness the inherent self-attention abilities and incorporate complex attention mechanisms. This paper presents Polyp-Vision Transformer (Polyp-ViT), a novel Transformer model based on the conventional Transformer architecture, which is enhanced with adaptive mechanisms for feature extraction and positional embedding. Polyp-ViT is tested on the Kvasir-seg and CVC-Clinic DB Datasets achieving segmentation accuracies of 0.9891 ± 0.01 and 0.9875 ± 0.71 respectively, outperforming state-of-the-art models. Polyp-ViT is a prospective tool for polyp segmentation which can be adapted to other medical image segmentation tasks as well due to its ability to generalize well.
In the treatment of adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, daunorubicin hydrochloride, used as a single agent, has produced complete remission rates of 40 to 50%, and in combination with cytarabine, has produced complete remission rates of 53 to 65%.

The addition of daunorubicin hydrochloride to the two-drug induction regimen of vincristine-prednisone in the treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia does not increase the rate of complete remission. In children receiving identical CNS prophylaxis and maintenance therapy (without consolidation), there is prolongation of complete remission duration (statistically significant, p<0.02) in those children induced with the three drug (daunorubicin-vincristine-prednisone) regimen as compared to two drugs. There is no evidence of any impact of daunorubicin hydrochloride on the duration of complete remission when a consolidation (intensification) phase is employed as part of a total treatment program.

In adult acute lymphocytic leukemia, in contrast to childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia, daunorubicin hydrochloride during induction significantly increases the rate of complete remission, but not remission duration, compared to that obtained with vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase alone. The use of daunorubicin hydrochloride in combination with vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase has produced complete remission rates of 83% in contrast to a 47% remission in patients not receiving daunorubicin hydrochloride.
OBJECTIVES: Cross-sectional evidence has shown that frailty is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there is limited evidence of the longitudinal associations between frailty, genetic predisposition to CKD, and the risk of CKD in the general population. Therefore, this study aimed to examine such associations among participants in the UK Biobank.
STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective cohort study included 370,965 middle-aged and older adults from the UK Biobank. Physical frailty was assessed using a modified version of the Fried phenotype classification. A weighted genetic risk score was built using 263 variants associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident CKD was identified from hospital inpatient records.
RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 12.3 years, we documented a total of 11,121 incident CKD cases. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression models indicated that individuals with frailty (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.94, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.81-2.08) and pre-frailty (HR: 1.27, 95 % CI: 1.22-1.33) had an increased risk of developing CKD, compared with non-frail individuals. No significant interaction between frailty and genetic risk score was observed (P for interaction = 0.41). The highest risk was observed among the individuals with high genetic risk and frailty (HR: 2.31, 95 % CI: 2.00-2.68).
CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that frailty and pre-frailty were associated with increased risk of incident CKD in middle-age and older adults, regardless of genetic risk of CKD. Our study underscores the importance of frailty screening and intervention as a potential strategy to prevent CKD. Future clinical trials are needed to validate our findings.
This study is being conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting EpCAM in treating patients with EpCAM positive cancer. In the research, the investigators design a novel CAR consists of a EpCAM targeting antibody scFv with two intracellular signaling domains derived from CD3 zeta and CD28. Autologous T cells will be gene-engineered with the CAR gene using a lentivirus vector. Prior to T cell infusion, the patients will be subjected to preconditioning treatment. The infusion dose is (1-10)×106 EpCAM-CAR positive T cells/kg, and the specific cells numbers depends on the situation of individual CAR-T cells preparation. The way of infusion is vascular interventional mediated or endoscopy, and the cells perfusion process would lasts 15min to 30min, and the specific time depends on patent's tumor-burdened state. After T cell infusion, the patients will be evaluated for 24 months for adverse reactions, persistence of CAR T cells and efficacy.
Patient is close to or currently at 18 doses or more of interferon beta-1a or glatiramer acetate. If interested patient consented and assigned to Group D. Patient will have their blood drawn once: Day 0.
Weekly dosing schedule of Everolimus 30mg plus Paclitaxel plus Trastuzumab. PT = Paclitaxel \& Trastuzumab.
Control arm will be for 4 weeks. Blood pressure, blood glucose and indoor air pollution level will be recorded similarly as in the intervention group on day 0, end of week 2 and week 4. The participant will be provided an air purifier and a N-95 mask (of the same manufacturer), with the filter removed. At the end of two weeks, the health worker will make dummy adjustments to the mask and indoor air purifier, to maintain blinding of the participant.
Medical students in the medical schools randomized to the MME will receive four interventions during the course of their medical education. The four interventions/components are: 1) web-based curriculum on tobacco dependence treatment; 2)tobacco counseling role play; 3) preceptor training and teaching medical students, preceptor modeling the 5As, student observation, and student feedback; and 4)booster session.
Surgical arm.The approach for total thyroidectomy will be a complete removal of all visible, and immunological active thyroid tissue with a high accuracy, with a special focus on three sites; 1) The angle where the recurrent laryngeal nerve enters the cricothyroid membrane, 2) The pyramidal lobe and 3) The hilus where the superior vessels are entering the field. Standard Thyroxine supplementation maintained as in the control group.
During acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) the application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) prevents expiratory alveolar collapse. However, it can induce a predominant recruitment effect or, on the contrary, alveolar overdistension. The recruitment/overdistension ratio can be easily assessed using R/I ratio (or recruitment-to-inflation ratio). However, PEEP is likely to lower cardiac output and contribute to the cardiovascular failure that often occurs in patients with ARDS. Among its hemodynamic effects, PEEP is likely to increase pulmonary vascular resistance and, thus, right ventricular afterload. In theory, this effect should only occur if PEEP over-distends the lung volume, compressing the "extra-alveolar" vessels and increasing their resistance. However, this different effect of PEEP on pulmonary vascular resistance depending on the degree of recruitment or overdistension has never been demonstrated during ARDS in humans.

We retrospectively studied data collected from patients with ARDS, monitored by pulmonary artery catheter (PAC), to eventually find a correlation between the high PEEP-induced PVR increase and recruitement/overdistension profile.
Subjects will receive oral melatonin tablets 2.5-10mg nightly for 2 weeks. All will receive melatonin 5mg for one week, then at the 1 week visit, the dose can be continued at 5mg or adjusted to 2.5mg or 10mg nightly based on clinical assessment of patient response and side effects.
Tourniquet Tape 5 cm wide is a highly elastic transparent occlusive tape that is expected to create sufficient circumferential pressure to occlude arterial blood flow when tightly wrapped around a limb. The tape should be applied in mostly overlapping layers. The final wrap should be applied without tension to prevent the elastic tension from causing the tape to unwind itself.
Diagnoses and medications are confirmed from medical records provided by the couples. Charlson's comorbidity index is calculated to assess the severity and prognostic value of the participants' disease burden . Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the patients is assessed by using the 15D instrument Dementia patients are also assessed with the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) Other measurements include activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) The presence of advance directives, such as a living will, are inquired about. Clinical measurements include height, weight, blood pressure and hand grip strength. The spousal caregivers are asked questions concerning the impact of their spouse's dementia diagnosis and they are assessed by the RAND-36 HRQoL instrument, 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) the randomization is performed by telephone to a randomization center. Couples are randomly allocated by means of computer-generated random numbers. Every randomization result will appear in the program after the participants name has been written and the person executing the randomization has confirmed the process with her initials. Participating couples are assessed by two study nurses three times over nine months: at baseline, three, and nine months. Use of health services, institutionalizations and mortality of both patients and caregivers will be retrieved from the central registers until 24 months from the baseline measurements.