anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Abnormal thinking and behavior changes have been reported in patients treated with sedative/hypnotics, including Zolpidem Tartrate Extended-Release Tablets. Some of these changes included decreased inhibition (e.g. aggressiveness and extroversion that seemed out of character), bizarre behavior, agitation and depersonalization. Visual and auditory hallucinations have been reported.

In controlled trials, <1% of adults with insomnia reported hallucinations. In a clinical trial, 7% of pediatric patients treated with zolpidem 0.25 mg/kg taken at bedtime reported hallucinations versus 0% treated with placebo [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].

Complex behaviors such as "sleep-driving" (i.e., driving while not fully awake after ingestion of a sedative-hypnotic, with amnesia for the event) have been reported in sedative-hypnotic-naive as well as in sedative-hypnotic-experienced persons. Although behaviors such as "sleep-driving" have occurred with Zolpidem Tartrate Extended-Release Tablets alone at therapeutic doses, the co-administration of alcohol and other CNS depressants increases the risk of such behaviors, as does the use of Zolpidem Tartrate Extended-Release Tablets at doses exceeding the maximum recommended dose. Due to the risk to the patient and the community, discontinuation of Zolpidem Tartrate Extended-Release Tablets should be strongly considered for patients who report a "sleep-driving" episode.

Other complex behaviors (e.g., preparing and eating food, making phone calls, or having sex) have been reported in patients who are not fully awake after taking a sedative-hypnotic. As with "sleep-driving", patients usually do not remember these events. Amnesia, anxiety and other neuro-psychiatric symptoms may also occur.

It can rarely be determined with certainty whether a particular instance of the abnormal behaviors listed above is drug induced, spontaneous in origin, or a result of an underlying psychiatric or physical disorder. Nonetheless, the emergence of any new behavioral sign or symptom of concern requires careful and immediate evaluation.
BACKGROUND: Women may lack awareness of the existence of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), its benefits, and potential drawbacks. Furthermore, they may be uninformed about the treatability of menopausal symptoms. Consequently, there is a need to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to HRT among menopausal women within the Malaysian population. Presently, no studies have reported on the inside, attitudes, and practices regarding HRT among menopausal women in Kuala Lumpur. This study sought to determine the prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards HRT and its association with socio-demographic characteristics of the study population.
METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted among menopausal women (n = 404) living in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Data was collected using convenient sampling. This research consists of 5 major parts which are (A) Socio-demographic characteristics of participants, (B) HRT knowledge among respondents, (C) Attitudes towards HRT, (D) Practice of HRT, and (E) Menopausal symptoms. All appropriate data from the project was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Ver 26.
RESULTS: A total of 404 participants were recruited in this survey. Overall, participants had good knowledge (n = 254, 62.9%) and negative attitude (n = 213, 52.7%) towards HRT. The majority of them (83.4%) had never taken HRT. The common menopausal symptoms reported were hot flashes (35.4%), irritability/ mood swings (31.9%), and night sweats (29.2%). There was a significant association between knowledge of menopause and HRT and attitude towards HRT use. Participants (68.7%, n = 103) with poor knowledge of menopause and HRT showed a negative attitude towards HRT (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the prevalence of HRT use among the respondents is low. 83.4% of them have never taken HRT before. There was a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude towards HRT use. Healthcare systems should educate the public using various educational tools and social media.
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects reading ability despite normal intelligence and education. In search of core deficits, previous evidence has linked DD with impairments in temporal aspects of perceptual processing, which might underlie phonological deficits as well as inefficient graphemic parsing during reading. However, electrophysiological evidence for atypical temporal processing in DD is still scarce in the visual modality. Here, we investigated the efficiency of both temporal segregation and integration of visual information by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). We confirmed previous evidence of a selective segregation deficit in dyslexia for stimuli presented in rapid succession (<80 ms), despite unaffected integration performance. Importantly, we found a reduced N1 amplitude in DD, a component related to the allocation of attentional resources, which was independent of task demands (i.e., evident in both segregation and integration). In addition, the P3 amplitude, linked to working memory and processing load, was modulated by task demands in controls but not in individuals with DD. These results suggest that atypical attentional sampling in dyslexia might weaken the quality of information stored in visual working memory, leading to behavioral and electrophysiological signatures of atypical temporal segregation. These results are consistent with some existing theories of dyslexia, such as the magnocellular theory and the "Sluggish Attentional Shifting" framework, and represent novel evidence for neural correlates of decreased visual temporal resolution in DD.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject compound useful for the treatment of central nervous diseases, etc., on an industrial scale at a low cost by infecting Coleus forskohlii-Briq. with Agrobacterium rhizogenes MAFF 03-01724 to effect the transformation of the host and culturing the induced hairy roots. SOLUTION: Coleus forskohlii-Briq. is cultured and a specimen including the growing point and axillary bud is cut from the aerial part of the plant, planted to a medium after sterilization and cultured to obtain an aseptic plant. The leaf and stalk of the aseptic plant is incised with a scalpel and infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes MAFF 03-01724 to effect the transformation and the induction of hairy root. The tip part of the obtained hairy root of 3cm long is precultured on a solid medium and the grown hairy root is inoculated into a liquid medium containing 3% sucrose and cultured under shaking in a dark place at 25 deg.C for 5 weeks to obtain the objective forskolin useful e.g. as an agent for the treatment of diseases of central nervous system.
PURPOSE:To obtain dried root of NANBAN-KARASU-URI (Momordica cochinchinensis) having excellent expectorant activity and free from irritation of pharyngeal mucosa, preventing the decomposition of momordin II, by contacting raw root of NANBAN-KARASU-URI or its cut pieces with an aqueous solution of an acid. CONSTITUTION:A raw root or cut raw root of NANBAN-KARASU-URI is immersed in an aqueous solution of a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc. The pH of the aqueous solution of the acid is <=2.7, preferably <=0.5 and the root is made to contact with the solution at -10-+40 deg.C for 0.5-40hr, preferably at 0-35 deg.C for 1-4hr. The treated root is made to contact with an aqueous solution of a base (e.g. ammonia) to neutralize the acid and is dried to obtain the objective product. The aqueous solution of base has 7.5-12pH and is made to contact with the root at -10-+40 deg.C for 2-40hr.
BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction has been suggested as a diagnostic and discriminative biomarker in some neurodegenerative disorders. However, there are few studies regarding the olfactory status in rare diseases including neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders.
METHODS: Genetically-confirmed NBIA patients were enrolled. Neurological and cognitive examinations were conducted according to the Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration-Disease Rating Scale (PKAN-DRS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire, respectively. Olfaction was assessed in three domains of odor threshold (OT), odor discrimination (OD), odor identification (OI), and total sum (TDI) score by the Sniffin' Sticks test. The olfactory scores were compared to a control group and a normative data set.
RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients, including 22 PKAN, 6 Kufor Rakeb syndrome, 4 Mitochondrial membrane Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration (MPAN), 5 cases of other 4 subtypes, and 37 controls were enrolled. The mean PKAN-DRS score was 51.83±24.93. Sixteen patients (55.2%) had normal cognition based on MMSE. NBIA patients had significantly lower olfactory scores compared to the controls in TDI and all three subtests, and 60% of them were hyposmic according to the normative data. Including only the cognitively-normal patients, still, OI and TDI scores were significantly lower compared to the controls. The phospholipase A2-Associated Neurodegeneration (PLAN) and MPAN patients had a significantly lower OI score compared to the cognitively-matched PKAN patients.
CONCLUSION: Olfactory impairment as a common finding in various subtypes of NBIA disorder can potentially be considered a discriminative biomarker. Better OI in PKAN compared to PLAN and MPAN patients may be related to the different underlying pathologies.
PURPOSE: To provide a novel pradimicin antibiotic that has antifungal activity and antiviral activity and is useful as a therapeutic agent for fungal infectious diseases or virus infectious diseases.  
     CONSTITUTION: The compd. of the formula (R 9  is H, hydroxy; R 6  is H, methyl; Ala or Ser residue has D orientation) or its salt. This compd. is produced by culturing Actinomadura SP. AA0851 (ACTCC55138) or its variant in a medium having assimilatable carbon and nitrogen sources generally for 5 to 14 days preferably at a culture temp. of 25 to 32°C and neutral pH. The culture is recommended to be executed under aerobic conditions deep in the aq. nutritive medium. Ferrous sulfate or ferric sulfate is preferably added at a sulfur compd. into the medium. The concn. of the ferrous sulfate is preferably 0.1 to 4% and the concn. of the ferric sulfate is preferably 0.1%. 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To streamline the input of information on findings.  <P>SOLUTION: A display part 14 displays finding input screens and finding-related information input screens. The finding input screens include a schema input screen 2000. The finding-related information input screens include an order information input screen 3000, a summary information screen 4000 and a practice schedule screen 5000. A storage part 12 stores correspondence information 120 associating finding entries and finding-related information entries. When an operator inputs a finding into the finding input screen, a control part 11 specifies the finding-related information entry corresponding to the finding entry according to the correspondence information 120, and displays the specified entry on the display part 14.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
After completion of Week 8 in the double-blind phase, patients who received Acthar may choose to participate in the optional open-label phase where they will receive an Acthar maintenance regimen for 44 weeks. The initial Acthar regimen will be assigned based on the study medication regimen the patient received at the completion of the double-blind phase (Visit 6, Week 8). Acthar regimen may be adjusted based on the Investigator's judgment with the goal of achieving a stable Acthar regimen no later than Week 28. Once the stable Acthar regimen is achieved, the Investigator should consider tapering the steroid regimen to a low daily dose or completely discontinue.
FIELD: medicine. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to antler deer farming. A haemostatic preparation after velvet antler cutting contains burnt potassium alum, anesthesin, microcellulose and camphor in the following ratio, wt %: burnt potassium alum 35-45; anesthesin 14-16; microcellulose 35-45; camphor 4-6. The preparation forms a protective layer with high absorbing, anaesthetising and repellent properties on a section surface. ^ EFFECT: invention provides effective haemostasis in a velvet antler cut-off and safety of the personnel in the use. ^ 2 tbl, 1 ex
Participants will attend 3-8 sessions with the researcher. In session one, the intrusive memories will be logged for monitoring their frequency in a daily diary for the following weeks. Baseline assessment questionnaires will also administered. In the second session, a memory will be selected and targeted with the intervention (memory reminder followed by 25 min gameplay with mental rotation) followed by monitoring the frequency of both the targeted and non-targeted intrusive memories. Participants will also complete self-rated questions concerning the impact of their intrusive memories. The intervention session will be repeated for other intrusive memories (maximum 6 intervention sessions). In the last intervention session, participants will be asked to complete questionnaires and self-rated questions assessing the impact of their intrusive memories. Participants will be asked to complete measures at 1 month follow-up and at 3 month follow-up. In the 1 month follow-up, participants complete questionnaires and monitor the frequency of intrusive memories for one week in the daily diary.

The previous version of the CTR incorrectly stated that at the 3 month time point the measure of intrusions will be: 'Questions about the frequency of intrusive memories for the past day/week (for each intrusive memory, to be tallied to arrive at a mean frequency for the memories for the previous day and for the week)'. We changed this measure at the study start to using the same diary as we used for the earlier time points (i.e., daily diary with the same level of detail as the ones used at e.g. at 1 month), but failed to update this in the CTR. The measure has been updated retrospectively in the CTR for this timepoint, and should be interpreted with caution accordingly.
Some drugs or chemicals exhibit different safety profiles in newborns/young children compared to adults. Polyhexamethyleneguanidine phosphate (PHMG-P) has been implicated in the humidifier disinfectant tragedy in 2011. There are limited reports on the toxicity of PHMG-P in neonatal animals. This study aimed to assess the toxicity of PHMG-P in neonates and to compare toxicity between young and adult mice. Mice aged 7-10 days and 8 weeks were anesthetized with isoflurane and then intranasally instilled with 0.9 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg PHMG-P once weekly for 4 weeks. The control group was given a corresponding volume of saline intranasally. Approximately 20 h after the 4th instillation, all mice (juveniles aged 28‒31 days and adults aged 11 weeks) were euthanized. Assessments included body weights, organ weights, cytokine production, and histopathological examinations. Both juvenile and adult mice exhibited significant pulmonary toxicity. There were no significant changes in body weight in either male or female juveniles, whereas adult mice experienced 5.0‒22.2% weight loss. However, lung weights increased in both age groups, accompanied by rises in cytokines and chemokines. Histopathological analyses revealed significant lung changes in both juvenile and adult mice, including immune cell infiltration, foamy macrophage, and granulomatous inflammation. PHMG-P is known to cause inflammation and fibrotic changes in rodents and humans that persist even during long recovery periods. Further research is required to explore the long-term health effects of PHMG-P following repeated early-life exposure.
BACKGROUND Pediatric burn injuries are a global health concern, particularly in infants and toddlers, who face increased risks owing to their higher water content. Despite substantial medical treatment, the mortality rates remain challenging, especially in severe cases. This study explored non-surgical interventions for pediatric burn injuries, aiming to enhance care and alleviate the burden on affected children. CASE REPORT A 16-month-old boy with 30% mixed second- and third-degree burns presented with a scald injury. Initial measures included dressing and analgesia. The Plastic Surgery team led the treatment. Upon admission, the patient experienced convulsions due to hyponatremia in the burn unit and was subsequently transferred to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Burn care management included the use of hyaluronic acid and occupational therapy. Scheduled dressing changes, including the use of glycerin-based dressings, resulted in satisfactory wound healing. Split skin grafting from the right thigh was performed to prevent elbow joint contracture. Preventive measures against hypertrophic scarring were also implemented. The patient was discharged after follow-up appointments. Consent for publication of case details and photographs was obtained from the patient's father. CONCLUSIONS The presented non-surgical approach, incorporating hyaluronic acid, Bactigras, Elasto-Gel, and a multidisciplinary team, can effectively treat mixed partial- and full-thickness burn injuries in pediatric populations. Split-thickness grafts may be required in functional areas. Therefore, a comprehensive management strategy that considers tissue damage, electrolyte balance, and infection is crucial. This report underscores the importance of meticulous assessment and correction of overall patient condition, especially in pediatric cases of electrolyte imbalance.
BACKGROUND: Errors using inhaled delivery systems for COPD are common and it is assumed that these lead to worse clinical outcomes. Previous systematic reviews have included patients with both asthma and COPD and much of the evidence related to asthma. More studies in COPD have now been published. Through systematic review, the relationship between errors using inhalers and clinical outcomes in COPD, including the importance of specific errors, was assessed.MethodsElectronic databases were searched on 27 October 2023 to identify cohort, case-control or randomised controlled studies, which included patients with COPD, an objective assessment of inhaler errors and data on at least one outcome of interest (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, (FEV1), dyspnoea, health status and exacerbations). Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle and Ottawa scales. A narrative synthesis of the results was performed as there was insufficient detail in the publications to allow quantitative synthesis. There was no funding for the review.
RESULTS: 19 publications were included (7 cohort and 12 case-control) reporting outcomes on 6487 patients. 15 were considered low quality, and most were confounded by the absence of adherence data. There was weak evidence that lower error rates are associated with better FEV1, symptoms and health status and fewer exacerbations. Only one considered the effects of individual errors and found that only some were related to worse outcomes.
CONCLUSION: Evidence about the importance of specific errors using inhalers and outcomes would optimise the education and training of patients with COPD. Prospective studies, including objective monitoring of inhalation technique and adherence, are needed.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023393120.
Postoperative complications after pancreatic surgery are frequent and can be life-threatening. Current clinical diagnostic strategies involve time-consuming quantification of α-amylase activity in abdominal drain fluid, which is performed on the first and third postoperative day. The lack of real-time monitoring may delay adjustment of medical treatment upon complications and worsen prognosis for patients. We report a bedside portable droplet-based millifluidic device enabling real-time sensing of drain α-amylase activity for postoperative monitoring of patients undergoing pancreatic surgery. Here, a tiny amount of drain liquid of patient samples is continuously collected and co-encapsulated with a starch reagent in nanoliter-sized droplets to track the fluorescence intensity released upon reaction with α-amylase. Comparing the α-amylase levels of 32 patients, 97 % of the results of the droplet-based millifluidic system matched the clinical data. Our method reduces the α-amylase assay duration to approximately 3 min with the limit of detection 7 nmol/s·L, enabling amylase activity monitoring at the bedside in clinical real-time. The presented droplet-based platform can be extended for analysis of different body fluids, diseases, and towards a broader range of biomarkers, including lipase, bilirubin, lactate, inflammation, or liquid biopsy markers, paving the way towards new standards in postoperative patient monitoring.
Endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) using endobronchial valves (EBV) is a treatment option for a subset of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), suffering from emphysema and hyperinflation. In this pilot study, we aimed to determine the presence of bacterial biofilm infections on EBV and investigate their involvement in lack of clinical benefits, worsening symptomatology, and increased exacerbations that lead to the decision to remove EBVs. We analyzed ten COPD patients with ELVR who underwent EBV removal. Clinical data were compared to the microbiological findings from conventional EBV culture. In addition, EBV were analyzed by FISHseq, a combination of Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with PCR and sequencing, for visualization and identification of microorganisms and biofilms. All ten patients presented with clinical symptoms, including pneumonia and recurrent exacerbations. Microbiological cultures from EBV detected several microorganisms in all ten patients. FISHseq showed either mixed or monospecies colonization on the EBV, including oropharyngeal bacterial flora, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp., and Fusobacterium sp. On 5/10 EBV, FISHseq visualized biofilms, on 1/10 microbial microcolonies, on 3/10 single microorganisms, and on 1/10 no microorganisms. The results of the study demonstrate the presence of biofilms on EBV for the first time and its potential involvement in increased exacerbations and clinical worsening in patients with ELVR. However, further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of biofilm formation on EBV and appropriate treatment options to avoid infections in patients with ELVR.
TEST SET AND METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FREE SPECIES            Abstract of the Disclosure Disclosed is a process for determining the con-centration of an unbound species, e.g., thyroxine, cortisol, testosterone, or digoxin, in a liquid sample containing the species and protein.  The sample is incubated with antibody spe-cific to the species to be detected and a distinguishable analo-gue of the species, both of which are separated from the sample by semipermeable membranes capable of excluding the passage of natural protein and antibody but which allow passage of the spe-cies and its analogue.  Preferably, the antibody and analogue are contained in semipermeable microcapsules.  Free species in the sample permeates the membranes and competes for sites of attach-ment to the antibody with the analogue.  The antibody and free species are then separated.  The amount of analogue present either in association with the antibody or in the remainder of the reaction system is indicative of the level of free species originally present in the sample.