anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates are at increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. We aimed to investigate the performance of uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) at 19-24 weeks' gestation to predict the delivery of a SGA neonate in a Chinese population.
METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study using data obtained between January 2010 and June 2018. Doppler ultrasonography was performed at 19-24 weeks' gestation. SGA was defined as birth weight below the 10th centile according to the INTERGROWTH-21st fetal growth standards. The performance of UtA-PI to predict the delivery of a SGA neonate was assessed using receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC)-curve analysis.
RESULTS: We included 6964 singleton pregnancies, of which 748 (11%) delivered a SGA neonate, including 115 (15%) women with preterm delivery. Increased UtA-PI was associated with an elevated risk of SGA, both in neonates delivered at or after 37 weeks' gestation (term SGA) and those delivered before 37 weeks (preterm SGA). The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) for UtA-PI were 64.4% (95% CI, 61.5-67.3%) and 75.8% (95% CI, 69.3-82.3%) for term and preterm SGA, respectively. The performance of combined screening by maternal demographic/clinical characteristics and estimated fetal weight in the detection of term and preterm SGA was improved significantly by the addition of UtA-PI, although the increase in AUC was modest (2.4% for term SGA and 4.9% for preterm SGA).
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first Chinese study to evaluate the role of UtA-PI at 19-24 weeks' gestation in the prediction of the delivery of a neonate with SGA. The addition of UtA-PI to traditional risk factors improved the screening performance for SGA, and this improvement was greater in predicting preterm SGA compared with term SGA. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
A pharmaceutical composition of cerebroprotein hydrolysate and applications thereof are disclosed. The composition comprises 15-60 parts by weight of the cerebroprotein hydrolysate, 50-200 parts by weight of ligustrazine hydrochloride, 1-4 parts by weight of sodium DL-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate and 100-400 parts by weight of troxerutin. The ligustrazine hydrochloride, the sodium DL-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate, the troxerutin and the cerebroprotein hydrolysate are combined for the first time and blended through a proper ratio. The composition has good effects of improving disordered brain functions and preventing cerebral infarction, and can be prepared into any clinically or pharmaceutically acceptable preparation form, preferentially an injection. The composition is definite in effective components and definite in contents, and is mainly used for preparing medicines improving brain functions. A preparing process is simple, convenient and feasible. A preparation is high and stable in quality. The composition is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the relationship between Radiographic Residual Vertical Defects (RVDs) and the progression of periodontitis in patients undergoing periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Teeth with RVDs were compared to the same contralateral teeth in the same patient. The study investigated the effect of smoking, diabetes, compliance, disease Stage, and Grade, baseline probing depth (PD), periodontal risk score (PRS), baseline pocket closure (PC) (≤ 4 mm), and tooth mobility on disease progression. We calculated the need for retreatment during PMT and its associated cost. Generalized estimation equations and linear and multilevel logistic regression analyses were employed for data analysis.
RESULTS: Each group had 139 teeth, accounting for 80 patients. Although the group with RVDs had similar PD reduction compared to the control teeth, the prevalence of PC at the last follow-up was reduced to half in the RVDs group (odds ratio OR = 0.5; p-value = 0.028), regardless of PC status at the baseline. RVDs were also significant predictors of tooth loss due to periodontitis (TLP), with an OR of 2.28 (p = 0.043). Patients with diabetes, Stage IV, higher mobility, and higher PRS scores had a higher risk of tooth loss due to periodontitis (OR = 4.71, 3.84, 3.64, and 5.97, respectively (P < 0.01). Incidences of sites requiring retreatment were similar in both groups, but the cost of treatment was 30% higher for teeth with RVDs. Grade C had the most significant influence on receiving retreatments (OR = 18.8, p = 0.005).
CONCLUSION: Teeth with RVDs represent a risk indicator for tooth loss compared to identical contralateral teeth with similar PD in the same patient. Teeth with RVD had more risk of pocket opening during follow-up.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: While teeth with RVDs can be maintained long-term, they have twice the risk of pocket opening and tooth loss due to periodontitis during follow-up. Patients with systemic and local risk factors need to be monitored closely as they are at the highest risk of losing teeth with RVDs. The increased cost of retreatment for teeth with RVDs also has implications in terms of retention versus extraction and replacement.
The study compares the efficiency of diode laser therapy and using only alveogyl to accelerate the healing of dry sockets after tooth extraction in smokers. Smoker patients with dry sockets were enrolled randomly into two different groups. Group 1 received dual wavelength laser diode therapy, three times per week. While group 2 received only a topical application of alveogl. The treatment lasted for two consecutive weeks. The treatment efficiency was evaluated by measuring the volume of the socket using the syringe method. The pain level was measured by the visual analog scale.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate the epidemiological changes in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and assess the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) over the past 15 years in a region endemic to hepatitis B virus (HBV).
METHODS: National Health Insurance Service claims data of hepatitis B patients spanning from 2007 to 2021 was utilized. To compare the characteristics of the hepatitis B group, a control group adjusted for age and gender through propensity score matching analysis was established.
RESULTS: The number of patients with CHB has consistently increased over the past 15 years. The average age of the CHB patient group has shown a yearly rise, while the prevalence of male dominance has gradually diminished. The proportions of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, and decompensation have exhibited a declining pattern, whereas the proportion of liver transplants has continuously risen. Patients with CHB have demonstrated significantly higher medical and medication costs compared to the control group. Moreover, patients with CHB have shown a higher prevalence of comorbidities along with a significantly higher rate of concomitant medication usage. During the COVID period, the HBV group experienced a substantial decrease in the number of outpatient visits and overall medical costs compared to the control group.
CONCLUSION: The epidemiology of CHB has undergone significant changes over the past 15 years, encompassing shifts in prevalence, severity, medical costs, and comorbidities. Furthermore, the impact of COVID-19 has been observed to decrease healthcare utilization among patients with CHB when compared to controls.
To minimize the risk of hypoglycemia, the initial dosing, dose increments and maintenance dosage of DUETACT should be conservative. During initiation of DUETACT therapy and any subsequent dose adjustments, these patients should be observed carefully for hypoglycemia.

A multiple-dose titration study was conducted in 16 patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment using doses ranging from 1 mg to 8 mg daily for three months. Baseline creatinine clearance ranged from 10 to 60 mL/min. The pharmacokinetics of glimepiride were evaluated in the multiple-dose titration study and the results were consistent with those observed in patients enrolled in a single-dose study. In both studies, the relative total clearance of glimepiride increased when kidney function was impaired. Both studies also demonstrated that the elimination of the two major metabolites was reduced in patients with renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common health disorders in humans and has a major impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Of the many factors contributing to the etiology of CRS, less is known about the correlation between CRS and bacterial biofilms and their impact on HRQoL.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the relationship between biofilm-producing bacteria and patients' objective findings and HRQoL.
METHODS: Forty-eight patients with CRSwNP were enrolled in a 12-month prospective study. The Lund-Mackay (LM) CT and endoscopic Lund-Kennedy (LK) scores were obtained before endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), and patients completed the HRQoL instruments: the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), the 36-item Short Questionnaire (SF-36), and the visual analog scale (VAS). A sinus culture was obtained at ESS, bacteria were isolated, and in vitro quantification of the biofilm was performed. The LK score and HRQoL were determined postoperatively at months 1, 3, 6, and 12.
RESULTS: The most common bacterial isolates in patients with CRSwNP were Staphylococcus aureus (28%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (52%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8%). Preoperatively, the highest LM and LK scores were found in patients with strong biofilm producers. Postoperative LK scores were significantly reduced in all patients. Postoperative VAS scores were significantly reduced from month 1 to month 12 postoperatively. Patients with strong biofilm producers had significantly worse nasal blockage, secretion, headache, facial pressure and pain, and loss of smell preoperatively, compared to patients with low biofilm producers. The most significant reduction in preoperative scores SNOT-22 and SF-36 (excluding physical functioning) was seen in patients with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with strong biofilm producers had higher LK and LM scores preoperatively, and greater improvement in LK and HRQoL scores postoperatively. Microbiologic surveillance of all CRS patients is recommended.
PURPOSE:To provide the titled bath agent having synergistically improved blood flow promoting effect and giving refresh feeling after bath, by compounding a refreshing agent to a bath agent containing a carbonate and an acid and giving weakly acidic pH to the bath water. CONSTITUTION:A carbonate (e.g. NaHCO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3, etc.) is mixed with an acid (e.g. straight-chain fatty acid such as formic acid, dicarboxylic acid such as succinic acid, acidic amino acid such as aspartic acid, and inorganic acid such as phosphoric acid) at a ratio to give a weakly acidic bath water when added to the bath (the pH of the 0.01wt% aqueous solution of the bath agent is 4-7, preferably 6.0-6.7), and the mixture is added with a refreshing agent [e.g. l-menthol, the compound of formula I (R is 1-8C alkyl, etc.), the compound of formula II (R' and R'' are H, 1-8C alkyl, etc.) etc.] to obtain the objective weakly acidic bath agent. The amount of the refreshing agent is 0.001-10% of the whole composition. The activity of the agent can be further improved by adding a crude drug, etc.
The concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids increases the risk of respiratory depression because of actions at different receptor sites in the CNS that control respiration. Benzodiazepines interact at GABA A sites and opioids interact primarily at mµ receptors. When benzodiazepines and opioids are combined, the potential for benzodiazepines to significantly worsen opioid-related respiratory depression exists. Limit dosage and duration of concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids, and monitor patients closely for respiratory depression and sedation. 

Although seizures may be brought under control promptly, a significant proportion of patients experience a return to seizure activity, presumably due to the short-lived effect of diazepam after intravenous administration. The physician should be prepared to re-administer the drug. However, diazepam is not recommended for maintenance, and once seizures are brought under control, consideration should be given to the administration of agents useful in longer term control of seizures.

If diazepam is to be combined with other psychotropic agents or anticonvulsant drugs, careful consideration should be given to the pharmacology of the agents to be employed—particularly with known compounds which may potentiate the action of diazepam, such as phenothiazines, narcotics, barbiturates, MAO inhibitors and other antidepressants. In highly anxious patients with evidence of accompanying depression, particularly those who may have suicidal tendencies, protective measures may be necessary.

The usual precautions in treating patients with impaired hepatic function should be observed. Metabolites of diazepam are excreted by the kidney; to avoid their excess accumulation, caution should be exercised in the administration to patients with compromised kidney function.

Since an increase in cough reflex and laryngospasm may occur with peroral endoscopic procedures, the use of a topical anesthetic agent and the availability of necessary countermeasures are recommended.

Until additional information is available, diazepam injection is not recommended for obstetrical use.

Diazepam injection has produced hypotension or muscular weakness in some patients particularly when used with narcotics, barbiturates or alcohol.

Lower doses (usually 2 mg to 5 mg) should be used for elderly and debilitated patients.

The clearance of diazepam and certain other benzodiazepines can be delayed in association with cimetidine administration. The clinical significance of this is unclear.
PURPOSE: An antagonistic composition containing an extract of Cocculus trilobus D.C. as a main component is provided. The composition interrupts the action on a signal transduction pathway related with a xenobiotic response element of a dioxin-like compound and has a low adverse effect on a human body. Therefore, it can be used in foods and drugs. CONSTITUTION: The pharmaceutical composition for prevention and treatment of diseases caused by toxicity of a dioxin-like compound contains a pharmaceutically effective amount of a Cocculus trilobus D.C. extract and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. And antagonistic health food contains the Cocculus trilobus D.C. extract as an effective ingredient. For an example, 1g of Cocculus trilobus D.C. is distilled in 4ml of distilled water at 121deg.C for 30min, 80ml of Cocculus trilobus D.C. extract is mixed with 10ml of liquid fructose, 0.5ml of citric acid and 9.5ml of licorice extract.
The diagnostic biomarkers associated with ischemic stroke (IS) that may have clinical utility remain elucidated. Thus, the potential functional lncRNAs in IS were explored. The Gene Expression Omnibus database provided the transcriptome profile of IS for download. WGCNA analysis and integrated bioinformatics were used to find genes that were differentially expressed (DEGs). The Starbase database created the lncRNA-based ceRNA network. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism and involved pathways of DEGs in IS, functional enrichment analysis was carried out. Using qRT-PCR, lncRNAs identified as putative IS biomarkers were confirmed to be expressed in a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Using the annexin V/PI apoptosis test, the amount of apoptosis in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cells was measured. A total of 1600 common differentially expressed - protein-coding RNA (DE-pcRNAs) and 26 DE-lncRNAs were identified. The results of enrichment analysis indicate that the cytokine may be regulated by common DE-pcRNAs and are vital in the progress of IS. A lncRNAs-mediated ceRNA network including lncRNAs AU020206, Brip1os, F630028O10Rik and 9530082P21Rik was constructed. The expression of these lncRNAs was significantly increased in MCAO model. Knockdown of lncRNA AU020206 inhibited microglia apoptosis in OGD cell model. We constructed a lncRNAs-mediated ceRNA network and found that lncRNA AU020206 inhibited microglia apoptosis in OGD cell model. These findings provided further evidence for the diagnosis and a novel avenue for targeted therapy of IS.
Schizophrenia is recognized as one of the leading causes of medical disability worldwide, ranked 9th overall by the World Health Organization, and affects more than 2 million Americans per year. There is considerable evidence to suggest that disability status in schizophrenia relates more directly to cognitive Impairment, involving attention, reasoning, and memory, than to characteristic symptoms of psychosis. Accordingly, the evaluation and advancement of interventions designed to restore cognitive function, generally termed cognitive remediation, is of critical importance to our rehabilitation mission. Recent randomized controlled trials of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia have found moderate gains in cognitive function and improved outcomes in important areas of community living. However, despite these encouraging findings, there remains sparse evidence in support of assumptions that (1) cognitive outcomes represent benefits of training-induced adaptive learning, (2) that training effects are specific to method of intervention, or (3) that change in cognitive test performance occurs through restoration of impaired neural circuitry in schizophrenia. This project will begin to address these issues by examining modality-specific effects of computer-based cognitive training on psychophysiological measures of sensory information processing. Training will be administered using two commercially available computer-based software packages, separately targeting auditory and visually-mediated processes using principles of bottom-up perceptual learning. Two psychophysiological paradigms, mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300 generation, will be administered as tests of early visual and auditory processing. MMN and P300 have been studied extensively in human neuroscience as probes of sensory echoic memory and attention engagement to contextually relevant information. Furthermore, reductions in MMN and P300 generation are reliably observed in schizophrenia, follow the course of a progressive neuropathological process, and correlate with severity of cognitive impairment. The specific aims of this study are to determine: (1) whether training selectively influences bottom-up (MMN) or top-down (P300) information processing, (2) whether training effects are modality (auditory vs. visual) specific, (3) whether baseline MMN and P300 predict, or rate-limit, training progress, and (4) whether pre-post change in cognitive test performance is mediated by neural-level change in MMN and P300 generation. Answers to these questions will provide information needed to structure cognitive training for maximum benefit in schizophrenia.
The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) serves as a pivotal site for managing chronic pain through dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG-S). In recent years, the DRG-S has emerged as an attractive modality in the armamentarium of neuromodulation therapy due to its accessibility and efficacy in alleviating chronic pain refractory to conventional treatments. Despite its therapeutic advantages, the precise mechanisms underlying DRG-S-induced analgesia remain elusive, attributed in part to the diverse sensory neuron population within the DRG and its modulation of both peripheral and central sensory processing pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that DRG-S may alleviate pain by several mechanisms, including the reduction of nociceptive signals at the T-junction of sensory neurons, modulation of pain gating pathways within the dorsal horn, and regulation of neuronal excitability within the DRG itself. However, elucidating the full extent of DRG-S mechanisms necessitates further exploration, particularly regarding its supraspinal effects and its interactions with cognitive and affective networks. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for optimizing neurostimulation technologies and improving clinical outcomes of DRG-S for chronic pain management. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the DRG anatomy, mechanisms of action of the DRG-S, and its significance in neuromodulation therapy for chronic pain.
BACKGROUND: Individual outcomes may not accurately reflect the quality of perioperative care. Textbook outcomes (TOs) are composite metrics that provide a comprehensive evaluation of hospital performance and surgical quality. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and predictors of TOs in a multi-institutional cohort of patients who underwent breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps.
METHODS: For autologous reconstruction, a TO was previously defined as a procedure without intraoperative complications, reoperation, infection requiring intravenous antibiotics, readmission, mortality, systemic complications, operative duration ≤12 hours for bilateral and ≤10 hours for unilateral/stacked reconstruction, and length of stay (LOS) ≤5 days. We investigated associations between patient-level factors and achieving a TO using multivariable regression analysis.
RESULTS: Of 1000 patients, most (73.2%) met a TO. The most common reasons for deviation from a TO were reoperation (9.6%), prolonged operative time (9.5%), and prolonged LOS (9.2%). On univariate analysis, tobacco use, obesity, widowed/divorced marital status, and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy or bilateral reconstruction were associated with a lower likelihood of TOs (P < 0.05). After adjustment, bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (odds ratio [OR], 5.71; P = 0.029) and hormonal therapy (OR, 1.53; P = 0.050) were associated with a higher likelihood of TOs; higher body mass index (OR, 0.91; P = <0.001) was associated with a lower likelihood.
CONCLUSION: Approximately 30% of patients did not achieve a TO, and the likelihood of achieving a TO was influenced by patient and procedural factors. Future studies should investigate how this metric may be used to evaluate patient and hospital-level performance to improve the quality of care in reconstructive surgery.
AIMS: To verify the hypothesis that an enriched environment (EE) alleviates sleep deprivation-induced fear memory impairment by modulating the basal forebrain (BF) PIEZO1/calpain/autophagy pathway.
METHODS: Eight-week-old male mice were housed in a closed, isolated environment (CE) or an EE, before 6-h total sleep deprivation. Changes in fear memory after sleep deprivation were observed using an inhibitory avoidance test. Alterations in BF PIEZO1/calpain/autophagy signaling were detected. The PIEZO1 agonist Yoda1 or inhibitor GsMTx4, the calpain inhibitor PD151746, and the autophagy inducer rapamycin or inhibitor 3-MA were injected into the bilateral BF to investigate the pathways involved in the memory-maintaining role of EE in sleep-deprived mice.
RESULTS: Mice housed in EE performed better than CE mice in short- and long-term fear memory tests after sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation resulted in increased PIEZO1 expression, full-length tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB-FL) degradation, and autophagy, as reflected by increased LC3 II/I ratio, enhanced p62 degradation, increased TFEB expression and nuclear translocation, and decreased TFEB phosphorylation. These molecular changes were partially reversed by EE treatment. Microinjection of Yoda1 or rapamycin into the bilateral basal forebrain induced excessive autophagy and eliminated the cognition-protective effects of EE. Bilateral basal forebrain microinjection of GsMTx4, PD151746, or 3-MA mimicked the cognitive protective and autophagy inhibitory effects of EE in sleep-deprived mice.
CONCLUSIONS: EE combats sleep deprivation-induced fear memory impairments by inhibiting the BF PIEZO1/calpain/autophagy pathway.