anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: Older people with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a less active radiological and clinical presentation, but many still attain significant levels of disability; but what drives worsening disability in this group?
METHODS: We used data from the UK MS Register to characterize demographics and clinical features of late-onset multiple sclerosis (LOMS; symptom onset at ≥50 years), compared with adult-onset MS (AOMS; onset 18-49 years). We performed a pathology study of a separate MS cohort with a later onset (n = 18, mean age of onset 54 years) versus AOMS (n = 23, mean age of onset 29 years).
RESULTS: In the Register cohort, there were 1,608 (9.4%) with LOMS. When compared with AOMS, there was a lower proportion of women, a higher proportion of primary progressive MS, a higher level of disability at diagnosis (median MS impact scale 36.7 vs. 28.3, p < 0.001), and a higher proportion of gait-related initial symptoms. People with LOMS were less likely to receive a high efficacy disease-modifying treatment and attained substantial disability sooner. Controlling for age of death and sex, neuron density in the thalamus and pons decreased with onset-age, whereas actively demyelinating lesions and compartmentalized inflammation was greatest in AOMS. Only neuron density, and not demyelination or the extent of compartmentalized inflammation, correlated with disability outcomes in older-onset MS patients.
INTERPRETATION: The more progressive nature of older-onset MS is associated with significant neurodegeneration, but infrequent inflammatory demyelination. These findings have implications for the assessment and treatment of MS in older people. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:471-486.
Pruritus is a common complaint in dermatology outpatient clinics. It is defined as chronic pruritus if the symptoms last 6 weeks or longer. Fibromyalgia is a chronic, extensive pain syndrome that is well-known for its clinical signs, such as exhaustion, sleeping disorders, and some other pain symptoms. In the present study, it was investigated whether chronic pruritus patients were accompanied by fibromyalgia. The study included 100 patients with chronic pruritus and 100 controls without dermatological disease. All of the individuals were first evaluated in the dermatology clinic, and the patients having any musculoskeletal symptoms were then referred to a physiatrist in terms of accompanying fibromyalgia syndrome. Fibromyalgia was detected in 29 (29%) of 100 chronic pruritus patients and 6 (6%) of 100 patients in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding accompanying FM (p < 0.001). In the chronic pruritus group, pruritus severity, according to VAS and the four-item itch questionnaire score, was statistically significantly higher in patients with fibromyalgia than in patients without fibromyalgia (p = 0.027, p = 0.002, respectively). In addition, the number of patients with severe/very severe chronic pruritus was statistically significantly higher in the group accompanied by fibromyalgia (p = 0.023). It may be suggested that fibromyalgia is a frequent disease that can accompany chronic pruritus. Clinicians should keep in mind that there is a possibility of the coexistence of both diseases. This study calls attention to the complex relationship between chronic itch and pain.
Vascular aging affects multiple organ systems, including the brain, where it can lead to vascular dementia. However, a concrete understanding of how aging specifically affects the brain vasculature, along with molecular readouts, remains vastly incomplete. Here, we demonstrate that aging is associated with a marked decline in Notch3 signaling in both murine and human brain vessels. To clarify the consequences of Notch3 loss in the brain vasculature, we used single-cell transcriptomics and found that Notch3 inactivation alters regulation of calcium and contractile function and promotes a notable increase in extracellular matrix. These alterations adversely impact vascular reactivity, manifesting as dilation, tortuosity, microaneurysms, and decreased cerebral blood flow, as observed by MRI. Combined, these vascular impairments hinder glymphatic flow and result in buildup of glycosaminoglycans within the brain parenchyma. Remarkably, this phenomenon mirrors a key pathological feature found in brains of patients with CADASIL, a hereditary vascular dementia associated with NOTCH3 missense mutations. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing of the neuronal compartment in aging Notch3-null mice unveiled patterns reminiscent of those observed in neurodegenerative diseases. These findings offer direct evidence that age-related NOTCH3 deficiencies trigger a progressive decline in vascular function, subsequently affecting glymphatic flow and culminating in neurodegeneration.
A significant decrease in physical performance is observed in MS patients. The reasons for this can be changes in muscle contractile structures and symptoms such as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is a disorder characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and decrease in muscle strength and physical performance. Loss of muscle mass seen outside of old age is defined as secondary sarcopenia. In recent years, studies on neurological disorders and their relationship with sarcopenia have increased. Early diagnosis of sarcopenia in neurological patients and implementation of applications aimed at this are important from an early stage. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of exercise training in sarcopenic MS patients. In the study, participants will be applied a combined exercise program 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Parameters such as muscle thickness, balance, and fall risk will be evaluated before and after physiotherapy application including aerobic exercise, balance exercises, and strengthening exercises.
Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalizations are a major burden on patients. Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DlCO) is a potential predictor that has not been studied in large cohorts. Objectives: This study used electronic health record data to evaluate whether clinically obtained DlCO predicts COPD hospitalizations. Methods: We performed time-to-event analyses of individuals with COPD and DlCO measurements from the Johns Hopkins COPD Precision Medicine Center of Excellence. Cox proportional hazard methods were used to model time from DlCO measurement to first COPD hospitalization and composite first hospitalization or death, adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking status, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), history of prior COPD hospitalization, and comorbidities. To identify the utility of including DlCO in risk models, area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) values were calculated for models with and without DlCO. Results were externally validated in a separate analogous cohort. Results: Of 2,793 participants, 368 (13%) had a COPD hospitalization within 3 years. In adjusted analyses, for every 10% decrease in DlCO% predicted, risk of COPD hospitalization increased by 10% (hazard ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.2; P < 0.001). Similar associations were observed for COPD hospitalizations or death. The model including demographics, comorbidities, FEV1, DlCO, and prior COPD hospitalizations performed well, with an AUC of 0.85 and an AUC of 0.84 in an external validation cohort. Conclusions: Diffusing capacity is a strong predictor of COPD hospitalizations in a clinical cohort of individuals with COPD, independent of airflow obstruction and prior hospitalizations. These findings support incorporation of DlCO in risk assessment of patients with COPD.
Subjects will be patch tested with 4 experimental doses of ammoniated mercury, 0.013 mg/cm², 0.040 mg/cm², 0.12 mg/cm², and 0.36 mg/cm², a negative control and corresponding reference allergens, 1.0% ammoniated mercury in petrolatum and 0.5% elemental mercury in petrolatum. Patch tests will be worn for 48 hours.
A number of pharmacological drugs have side effects that contribute to the occurrence of atrial fibrillation, the most common type of cardiac rhythm disorders. The clinical use of antihistamines is widespread; however, information regarding their anti- and/or proarrhythmic effects is contradictory. In this work, we studied the effects and mechanisms of the potential proarrhythmic action of the first-generation antihistamine chloropyramine (Suprastin) in the atrial myocardium and pulmonary vein (PV) myocardial tissue. In PV, chloropyramine caused depolarization of the resting potential and led to reduction of excitation wave conduction. These effects are likely due to suppression of the inward rectifier potassium current (IK1). In presence of epinephrine, chloropyramine induced spontaneous automaticity in the PV and could not be suppressed by atrial pacing. Chloropyramine change functional characteristics of PV and contribute to occurrence of atrial fibrillation. It should be noted that chloropyramine does not provoke atrial tachyarrhythmias, but create conditions for their occurrence during physical exercise and sympathetic stimulation.
Treatment was the same for all cohorts: induction therapy was subcutaneous (SC) administration of omacetaxine at 1.25 mg/m\^2 twice a day (BID), administered for 14 consecutive days every 28 (±3) days for up to 6 cycles. Maintenance therapy was subcutaneous (SC) administration of omacetaxine at 1.25 mg/m\^2 twice a day (BID), administered for 7 consecutive days every 28 (±3) days for up to 3 years.
Care must be taken to infuse solutions containing FOSCAVIR only into veins with adequate blood flow to permit rapid dilution and distribution to avoid local irritation (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Local irritation and ulcerations of penile epithelium have been reported in male patients receiving FOSCAVIR, possibly related to the presence of drug in the urine. Cases of male and female genital irritation/ulceration have been reported in patients receiving FOSCAVIR. Adequate hydration with close attention to personal hygiene may minimize the occurrence of such events.

Due to the sodium content of FOSCAVIR (240 micromoles (5.5 mg) of sodium per mL), avoid FOSCAVIR use when intravenous infusion of a large amount of sodium or water may not be tolerated (e.g. in patients with cardiomyopathy). FOSCAVIR should also be avoided in patients on a controlled sodium diet.
UNLABELLED: Backgroundsː The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of gemcitabine as a treatment option for patients diagnosed with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who had previously experienced failure with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy in the last year.
METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 28 patients with recurrent NMIBC after previous intravesical treatment in the last year who declined or were unsuitable for cystectomy between 2021 and 2023. Gemcitabine at 2,000 mg/100 mL was instilled weekly for 6 weeks. Patients were assessed for response after 8 weeks, with subsequent evaluations scheduled every three months to one year.
RESULTS: The findings demonstrated that out of the 28 patients, 20 (71.4%) exhibited a complete response to intravesical gemcitabine treatment, and 8 (28.6%) had no complete response. The average age of the participants was 60.25 years. The study identified significant differences in treatment response based on age but without significant differences based on gender. Furthermore, there was no noteworthy association between tumor stage and grade and treatment response. Moreover, among patients with low-grade tumors, 66.7% achieved a complete response, while 72.7% reached a complete response among those with high-grade tumors. Of the patients who reached a complete response, 28.6% experienced no recurrence during one year of follow-up, and 42.9% developed recurrent disease within one year of treatment initiation. Ten months following treatment, a patient developed muscle-invasive bladder cancer and went on to cystectomy.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the results suggest that intravesical gemcitabine could represent a feasible choice for NMIBC patients unresponsive to BCG therapy and ineligible for or unwilling to undergo cystectomy.
Subjects will be provided with information about this research study by the following means: a member of the research team- Inova Medical Group (IMG) Nurse Practitioners will discuss the research study during the patient's second pre-operative visit; study information will be uploaded to their MyChart portal; and flyers will be available in the IMG office (refer to appendix A: IMG office flyer). Interested patients will be able to fill out a brief form (refer to appendix B: Interested patient card) requesting to be contacted for further information, this form will be placed in a secure box at the reception desk or the patients can indicate interest by contacting one of the research team members. A member of the research team may need to access medical record information in order to confirm potential patient's phone number and or email address for further contact. A member of the research team will contact any interested patients and answer any questions regarding the research study. Consent will be obtained while the patient is in the peri-operative holding area on day of surgery by a member of the research team, excluding the IMG Nurse Practitioners. The research team member will determine if the patient is eligible for the study, discuss the study, answer any questions, and obtain consent (refer to appendix C: Consent). All members of the research team have completed Informed Consent Training. Once the consented post-operative bariatric patient complains of initial nausea on the Surgical Unit, the direct care nurse or research team member will ask the patient to rate their nausea level using a VAS on a 0-3 scale. Patients will be provided with either product A or B based on randomization scheme calculated by SAS (ver.9.4, Cary, NC). The patient will receive a one-time aromatherapy intervention. Nausea levels will be reassessed 5 minutes after the aromatherapy intervention. If the nausea level does not improve after the study drug intervention an antiemetic medication will be offered (refer to appendix D: Data Collection Form A).
Beginning 1 week prior to the next scheduled standard of care immunotherapy infusion, patients undergo core biopsy of the lesion to be ablated and a non-ablated lesion and also undergo cryoablation. Patients undergo a mandatory second core biopsy of the non-ablated lesion at 4 weeks after cryoablation.
Hemodynamic instability during the first 24-hours of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission is associated with increased risk of subsequent morbidity and mortality. Goal-directed hemodynamic support has been successfully used in a variety of patients to improve outcome. In contrast, a similar therapeutic approach applied later, or in patients with established multi-organ failure, has no beneficial effect and may even worsen the outcome.

It is conceivable that there is a window of opportunity during the phases of hemodynamic instability where therapeutic interventions have the greatest potential to influence the subsequent course of critical illness. Large scale uses of therapeutic protocols for early intervention have been hampered by logistic problems. The burden of installing invasive hemodynamic monitoring and protocols is labor intensive and requires a continuous presence of personnel with a thorough understanding of complex physiology. Various techniques have been introduced for monitoring cardiac output, stroke volume, or their surrogates. The disadvantage of these technologies so far have included user dependence of measurements results, need for calibration, and limitations in applicability. Edwards Lifesciences has developed a new algorithm for the determination of cardiac output using arterial pressure data. The FloTrac™ system, which includes the FloTrac™ sensor and Vigileo™ monitor, is utilized to capture the arterial pressure-based cardiac output measurement, which will be hereinafter referred to as APCO (Arterial Pressure Cardiac Output). This system uses an existing arterial catheter (placed in the femoral or radial artery) and does not require calibration by an external reference method. We hypothesize that using the FloTrac™ system to continuously monitor cardiac output, in addition to traditional vital signs, cardiovascular instability will be identified earlier and result in earlier intervention. In addition, following earlier diagnosis, more precise intervention will be available. If this can be achieved, patients will likely show better outcomes by reduced length of hospital stay, ICU time, Mechanical Ventilation time, incidence of renal compromise, and other related morbidity/mortality and need less ICUresources.
The surgical schedule will follow unaltered standard protocol for immediate reconstruction right after the patient's mastectomy. Patients will complete a quality of life questionnaire (Breast-Q) both pre-operatively and at different time points during the follow up. The patient's chart will be followed from the mastectomy surgery onwards until 1 year post-final reconstructive surgery for determining complications and hospital costs.
Once logged into the website, participants in the control group will navigate health information through a structured one-page guide (see Appendix 1) that does not include pre-appraisal information. Instead it will list the main organizations in the field that produce citizen content with descriptions of the type of content they produce with links to their individual websites. This will be presented to participants when they login to the platform. None of the citizen content produced specifically for the study will be provided to them prior to crossing-over.
Infants in the PIOMI group will receive a 5-minute PIOMI 30 minutes before feeding time. PIOMI will be applied once daily for 14 days.
The invention relates to a Chinese traditional medicine preparation for treating breast diseases and a preparing method thereof. The Chinese traditional medicine preparation is prepared from the following materials by weight portion: 25-35 portions of ginseng, 15-25 portions of astragalus, 10-20 portions of bupleurum, 9-12 portions of salvia, 9-12 portions of angelica, 9-12 portions of turtle shell, 9-12 portions of cimicifuga foetida, 9-12 portions of prunella vulgaris, 9-12 portions of tangerine, 9-12 portions of atractylodes, macrocephala Koidez., 9-15 portions of dandelion and 9-12 portions of pangolin scales. The preparation can be powder, piles, piles and capsules. The preparing method comprises the steps of pulverizing medicines, screening the medicines to obtain undersized materials, and sterilizing the undersized materials to obtain a powder preparation. The prepared powder preparation can be prepared into piles, piles and capsules. The medicines can be prepared into water extract fluid which can be prepared into an oral liquid; or the extract fluid is dried, pulverized and screened to obtain undersized material which is a powder preparation, and the powder preparation can be prepared into medicinal granules or capsules. The Chinese traditional medicine preparation adopts pure Chinese traditional medicines to regulate physical functions, nourish the lung, the spleen, the stomach and the kidney, accelerate blood circulation of breasts and promote breast development. The Chinese traditional medicine preparation is mainly suitable for treating breast dysplasia, breast drooping, breast shrinkage, hyperplasia of mammary glands, and the like, also can be used for treating mammary swelling pain before and during a menstrual period, and has obvious efficacy on breast shrinkage. The invention has convenient use and is safe and reliable for long-term use.
The use of Dantrium Intravenous in the management of malignant hyperthermia crisis is not a substitute for previously known supportive measures. These measures must be individualized, but it will usually be necessary to discontinue the suspect triggering agents, attend to increased oxygen requirements, manage the metabolic acidosis, institute cooling when necessary, monitor urinary output, and monitor for electrolyte imbalance.

Since the effect of disease state and other drugs on Dantrium-related skeletal muscle weakness, including possible respiratory depression, cannot be predicted, patients who receive Dantrium Intravenous preoperatively should have vital signs monitored.

If patients judged malignant hyperthermia susceptible are administered intravenous or oral Dantrium preoperatively, anesthetic preparation must still follow a standard malignant hyperthermia susceptible regimen, including the avoidance of known triggering agents. Monitoring for early clinical and metabolic signs of malignant hyperthermia is indicated because attenuation of malignant hyperthermia, rather than prevention, is possible. These signs usually call for the administration of additional intravenous dantrolene.
The tolerability and safety of CT125A cells will be assessed according to the "3+3" dose escalation design. There will be three dose levels, 1×10\^6, 2×10\^6, and 3×10\^6, CAR+T cells/kg. For each level, 1-3 subjects will be enrolled. If no dose limited toxicity (DLT) occurs, next level will be assessed for DLT. If DLT occurs in one subject, 3 more subjects will be enrolled in this cohort for the evaluation of DLT. If DLT occurs in ≤ 1/6 subjects, next level will be assessed for DLT. If DLT occurs in ≥ 2 subjects, no more subjects will be enrolled in this cohort and dose escalation will be canceled. For each cohort, following subjects can only receive CT125A infusion at least 14 days after the first subject received CT125A infusion. If DLT occurs in 2 subjects at Dose Level 1, whether to explore a lower dose will be determined by the investigator. After dose escalation phase is completed, the dose for extension phase will be determined based on safety and PK data.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) relapses in approximately 40% of patients following frontline therapy. We reported that STAT6D419 mutations are enriched in relapsed/refractory DLBCL (rrDLBCL) samples, suggesting that JAK/STAT signaling plays a role in therapeutic resistance. We hypothesized that STAT6D419 mutations can improve DLBCL cell survival by reprogramming the microenvironment to sustain STAT6 activation. Thus, we investigated the role of STAT6D419 mutations on DLBCL cell growth and its microenvironment. We found that phospho-STAT6D419N was retained in the nucleus longer than phospho-STAT6WT following IL-4 stimulation, and STAT6D419N recognized a more restricted DNA-consensus sequence than STAT6WT. Upon IL-4 induction, STAT6D419N expression led to a higher magnitude of gene expression changes, but in a more selective list of gene targets compared with STATWT. The most significantly expressed genes induced by STAT6D419N were those implicated in survival, proliferation, migration, and chemotaxis, in particular CCL17. This chemokine, also known as TARC, attracts helper T-cells to the tumor microenvironment, especially in Hodgkin's lymphoma. To this end, in DLBCL, phospho-STAT6+ rrDLBCL cells had a greater proportion of infiltrating CD4+ T-cells than phospho-STAT6- tumors. Our findings suggest that STAT6D419 mutations in DLBCL lead to cell autonomous changes, enhanced signaling, and altered composition of the tumor microenvironment.