anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
We have investigated whether inflammasomes and pyroptosis are activated in maternal nicotine exposure (MNE) offspring mice and whether they are involved in MNE-promoted metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in adult offspring. We injected pregnant mice subcutaneously with saline vehicle or nicotine twice a day on gestational days 11-21. Offspring mice from both groups were fed with a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 months at postnatal day 21 to develop the MAFLD model. Serum biochemical indices were analyzed, and liver histology was performed. The expression levels of inflammasome and pyroptosis proteins were detected by western blot. We found MNE significantly aggravated the injury of MAFLD in adult offspring mice. MNE activated inflammasomes and pyroptosis in both infant and adult offspring mice. HFD treatment activated inflammasomes but not pyroptosis at 3 months, while it showed no effect at 6 months. However, pyroptosis was more severe in MNE-HFD mice than in MNE-ND mice at 6 months. Taken together, our data suggest MNE promotes MAFLD progression in adult offspring mice. MNE also induces NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in both infant and adult offspring mice, which may be involved in MNE-promoted progression of MAFLD.
Pharmacokinetic parameters following the administration of 4 mg/kg pentamidine isethionate as a single two-hour intravenous infusion or after a single intramuscular injection to 12 patients with AIDS are presented in the following table: 

In seven patients treated with daily IM doses of pentamidine at 4 mg/kg for 10 to 12 days, plasma concentrations were between 300 to 500 ng/mL. The concentrations did not appreciably change with time after injection or from day to day. Higher plasma concentrations were encountered in patients with an elevated blood urea nitrogen. The patients continued to excrete decreasing amounts of pentamidine in urine up to 6 to 8 weeks after cessation of the treatment.

Following multiple intravenous administration of pentamidine isethionate (3.7 to 4 mg/kg/day infused over 4 hours) to 6 patients with AIDS being treated for PCP, the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained on Days 1,4 and 7 are summarized in the following table:

  


*derived from Lidman

Compared to the mean AUC on Day 1, AUC on Day 4 and Day 7 were about 2 and 3 fold higher, respectively, suggesting that steady state was not achieved by Day 7 of dosing.

In other published reports of pharmacokinetics of pentamidine following daily intravenous doses of 2 to 4 mg/kg/day, clearance ranged from 30 to 40 mL/min/kg and Vdss ranged from 200 to 400 L/kg. Reported values for terminal half-lives of 2.8 to 12 days is suggestive of a deep peripheral compartment. In the urine, up to 12% of the administered dose has been recovered during a dosing interval as unchanged pentamidine.

Tissue distribution was studied in mice given a single intraperitoneal injection of pentamidine at 10 mg/kg. The concentration was highest in the kidneys followed by the liver. In mice, pentamidine was excreted unchanged, primarily via the kidneys with some elimination in the feces. The ratio of amounts excreted in the urine and feces (4:1) was constant over the period of study.

Tissue distribution has also been studied in normal and in renally impaired dogs (N = 3 each) given 13 mg/kg of pentamidine IV, in 2 doses separated by five weeks. The concentration of pentamidine was highest in the liver followed by kidneys and lungs. Pentamidine was concentrated in these organs approximately 70 to 1000 times that of the peak serum concentration. Similar findings were reported in normal and in renally impaired dogs (N = 2 each) given 97.5 mg/kg of pentamidine IV, in 15 daily doses. After repeated doses, the organs showed a further 3 to 7 fold accumulation while serum concentrations remained unchanged.
PURPOSE: A composition containing citrus junos sieb extract is provided to prevent or treat various cerebrovascular diseases. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cerebral infarction contains citrus junos sieb extract as an active ingredient. The extract is an organic solvent extract or water extract. The organic solvent is low alcohol of C1-C4. A health food for relieving cerebral infarction contains citrus junos sieb extract as an active ingredient. The composition is manufactured in the form of a tablet, pill, powder, capsule, suspension, emulsion, syrup, sterilizer solution, and suppository. The daily dose of the extract is 10-3,000 mg/kg.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pain is a major clinical challenge, and understanding the pathophysiology is critical for optimal management. The autonomic nervous system reacts to pain stimuli, and autonomic dysfunction may predict pain sensation. The most used assessment of autonomic function is based on electrocardiographic measures, and the ability of such measures to predict pain was investigated.
DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT: English articles indexed in PubMed and EMBASE were reviewed for eligibility and included when they reported electrocardiographic-derived measures' ability to predict pain response. The quality in prognostic studies (QUIPS) tool was used to assess the quality of the included articles.
RESULTS: The search revealed 15 publications, five on experimental pain, five on postoperative pain, and five on longitudinal clinical pain changes, investigating a total of 1069 patients. All studies used electrocardiographically derived parameters to predict pain assessed with pain thresholds using quantitative sensory testing or different scales. Across all study modalities, electrocardiographic measures were able to predict pain. Higher parasympathetic activity predicted decreased experimental, postoperative, and long-term pain in most cases while changes in sympathetic activity did not consistently predict pain.
CONCLUSIONS: Most studies demonstrated that parasympathetic activity could predict acute and chronic pain intensity. In the clinic, this may be used to identify which patients need more intensive care to prevent, for example postoperative pain and develop personalized chronic pain management.
SIGNIFICANCE: Pain is a debilitating problem, and the ability to predict occurrence and severity would be a useful clinical tool. Basal autonomic tone has been suggested to influence pain perception. This systematic review investigated electrocardiographic-derived autonomic tone and found that increased parasympathetic tone could predict pain reduction in different types of pain.
BACKGROUND: Cardiac iron overload and ferroptosis greatly contribute to the poor prognosis of myocardial infarction (MI). Iron chelator is one of the most promising strategies for scavenging excessive iron and alleviating cardiac dysfunction post MI. However, various side effects of existing chemical iron chelators restrict their clinical application, which calls for a more viable and safer approach to protect against iron injury in ischemic hearts.
RESULTS: In this study, we isolated macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and identified macrophage-derived EVs as a novel endogenous biological chelator for iron. The administration of macrophage-derived EVs effectively reduced iron overload in hypoxia-treated cardiomyocytes and hearts post MI. Moreover, the oxidative stress and ferroptosis induced by excessive iron were considerably suppressed by application of macrophage-derived EVs. Mechanistically, transferrin receptor (TfR), which was inherited from macrophage to the surface of EVs, endowed EVs with the ability to bind to transferrin and remove excess protein-bound iron. EVs with TfR deficiency exhibited a loss of function in preventing MI-induced iron overload and protecting the heart from MI injury. Furthermore, the iron-chelating EVs were ultimately captured and processed by macrophages in the liver.
CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the potential of macrophage-derived EVs as a powerful endogenous candidate for iron chelation therapy, offering a novel and promising therapeutic approach to protect against iron overload-induced injury in MI and other cardiovascular diseases.
OBJECTIVE: Cloninger's temperament dimensions have been studied widely in relation to genetics. In this study, we examined Cloninger's temperament dimensions grouped with cluster analyses and their association with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This study included 212 genotyped Finnish patients from the Ostrobothnia Depression Study.
METHODS: The temperament clusters were analysed at baseline and at six weeks from the beginning of the depression intervention study. We selected depression-related catecholamine and serotonin genes based on a literature search, and 59 SNPs from ten different genes were analysed. The associations of single SNPs with temperament clusters were studied. Using the selected genes, genetic risk score (GRS) analyses were conducted considering appropriate confounding factors.
RESULTS: No single SNP had a significant association with the temperament clusters. Associations between GRSs and temperament clusters were observed in multivariate models that were significant after permutation analyses. Two SNPs from the DRD3 gene, two SNPs from the SLC6A2 gene, one SNP from the SLC6A4 gene, and one SNP from the HTR2A gene associated with the HHA/LRD/LP (high harm avoidance, low reward dependence, low persistence) cluster at baseline. Two SNPs from the HTR2A gene were associated with the HHA/LRD/LP cluster at six weeks. Two SNPs from the HTR2A gene and two SNPs from the COMT gene were associated with the HP (high persistence) cluster at six weeks.
CONCLUSION: GRSs seem to associate with an individual's temperament profile, which can be observed in the clusters used. Further research needs to be conducted on these types of clusters and their clinical applicability.
A system and method for communicating and validating patient information including medication delivery information in a care-giving facility is provided. A medical transaction carrier is used to communicate information regarding medication delivery and other patient information between a control system in communication with the care-giving facility's other information systems and a patient specific asset such as an infusion pump. All information carried by the medical transaction carrier is validated both at the patient specific asset and at the control system. This validation allows for positive control of all transactions even if a medical transaction carrier is lost. The medical transaction carrier may be a smartcard, a PDA such as a Palm™ Pilot, laptop computer, pager, mobile phone, or other device capable of storing and communicating information. The system may use either wired or wireless connections to communicate information between the components of the system.
FIELD: medicine, oncology. SUBSTANCE: invention proposes the use of flavanolignans taken among silimarine, silibine (silibinine), silidianine, silicristine, their mixture or extracts containing thereof and complexes with phospholipids for treatment and prophylaxis of tumors of uterus, ovary and mammary glands. These flavanolignans have been used in therapy for treatment of liver diseases of different etiology early and showed suddenly the expressed affinity to cellular lines of tumors of uterus, ovary and mammary glands. Invention proposes also the combination of composition containing indicated flavanolignans and antitumor agents as an active component. EFFECT: broadened arsenal of antitumor agents. 5 cl, 5 tbl, 1 dwg, 4 ex
The investigators used a Low Level Laser Therapy, diode laser (DMC, São Paulo, Brazil) InGaAlP (indium phosphide, gallium and aluminum), with 100mW, 4J/cm ², with an area of 0.24 cm ². The laser was daily applied by a dentist and touched the mucosa of the lips, right and left buccal mucosa, left and right lateral tongue border, buccal floor and ventral tongue, totaling nine points per region.
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is prevalent worldwide and causes significant economic losses. Gut microbiota is a large microbial community and has a variety of biological functions. However, whether there is a correlation between gut microbiota and BVDV infection and what kind of relation between them have not been reported. Here, we found that gut microbiota composition changed in normal mice after infecting with BVDV, but mainly the low abundance microbe was affected. Interestingly, BVDV infection significantly reduced the diversity of gut microbiota and changed its composition in gut microbiota-dysbiosis mice. Furthermore, compared with normal mice of BVDV infection, there were more viral loads in the duodenum, jejunum, spleen, and liver of the gut microbiota-dysbiosis mice. However, feces microbiota transplantation (FMT) reversed these effects. The data above indicated that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota was a key factor in the high infection rate of BVDV. It is found that the IFN-I signal was involved by investigating the underlying mechanisms. The inhibition of the proliferation and increase in the apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were also observed. However, FMT treatment reversed these changes by regulating PI3K/Akt, ERK, and Caspase-9/Caspase-3 pathways. Furthermore, the involvement of butyrate in the pathogenesis of BVDV was also further confirmed. Our results showed for the first time that gut microbiota acts as a key endogenous defense mechanism against BVDV infection; moreover, targeting regulation of gut microbiota structure and abundance may serve as a new strategy to prevent and control the disease.IMPORTANCEWhether the high infection rate of BVDV is related to gut microbiota has not been reported. In addition, most studies on BVDV focus on in vitro experiments, which limits the study of its prevention and control strategy and its pathogenic mechanism. In this study, we successfully confirmed the causal relationship between gut microbiota and BVDV infection as well as the potential molecular mechanism based on a mouse model of BVDV infection and a mouse model of gut microbiota dysbiosis. Meanwhile, a mouse model which is more susceptible to BVDV provided in this study lays an important foundation for further research on prevention and control strategy of BVDV and its pathogenesis. In addition, the antiviral effect of butyrate, the metabolites of butyrate-producing bacteria, has been further revealed. Overall, our findings provide a promising prevention and control strategy to treat this infectious disease which is distributed worldwide.
An antiskid breathable massage sickbed for bedsores comprises a bed frame. Upper installation rods are arranged on the left side and the right side of the bed frame respectively. Lifting tables are arranged on the left side and the right side of the bed frame respectively. A supporting cylinder is connected to the outer ends of the upper installation rods. A row of installation grooves which are formed at intervals are formed in the upper installation rods and the bed frame. Supporting springs are arranged at the bottoms of the installation grooves. Supporting blocks are fixed to the supporting springs and are in slide fit with the installation grooves. Shock absorption pads wrap the supporting blocks. Installation holes are formed in the tops of the supporting blocks. A set of supporting rollers are arranged between the supporting blocks on the left side and the right side of the bed frame. A vibration device is arranged on one side of the bed frame. Positioning rods are fixed to the right ends of supporting shafts. Slide rods are arranged on the bed frame. Clamping grooves are formed in the slide rods at intervals. The positioning rods are inserted in the clamping grooves. The slide rods are connected with a slide cylinder. The tops of the lifting tables are each in a protruding arc shape. The lifting tables are arranged on the bed frame in a sliding mode and supported by the ends of the supporting shafts. A lifting cylinder is connected with the bottoms of the lifting tables. Traditional Chinese medicine bags are arranged outside the supporting shafts.
BACKGROUND: Many institutions have developed operation-specific guidelines for opioid prescribing. These guidelines rarely incorporate in-hospital opioid consumption, which is highly correlated with consumption. We compare outcomes of several patient-centered approaches to prescribing that are derived from in-hospital consumption, including several experimental, rule-based prescribing guidelines and our current institutional guideline.
STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective, cohort study of all adults undergoing surgery at a single-academic medical center. Several rule-based guidelines, derived from in-hospital consumption (quantity of opioids consumed within 24 hours of discharge), were used to specify the theoretical quantity of opioid prescribed on discharge. The efficacy of the experimental guidelines was compared with 3 references: an approximation of our institution's tailored prescribing guideline; prescribing all patients the typical quantity of opioids consumed for patients undergoing the same operation; and a representative rule-based, tiered framework. For each scenario, we calculated the penalized residual sum of squares (reflecting the composite deviation from actual patient consumption, with 15% penalty for overprescribing) and the proportion of opioids consumed relative to prescribed.
RESULTS: A total of 1,048 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean (SD) and median (interquartile range [IQR]) quantity of opioids consumed within 24 hours of discharge were 11.2 (26.9) morphine milligram equivalents and 0 (0 to 15) morphine milligram equivalents. Median (IQR) postdischarge consumption was 16 (0 to 150) morphine milligram equivalents. Our institutional guideline and the previously validated rule-based guideline outperform alternate approaches, with median (IQR) differences in prescribed vs consumed opioids of 0 (-60 to 27.25) and 37.5 (-37.5 to 37.5), respectively, corresponding to penalized residual sum of squares of 39,817,602 and 38,336,895, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Rather than relying on fixed quantities for defined operations, rule-based guidelines offer a simple yet effective method for tailoring opioid prescribing to in-hospital consumption.
Provided herein are methods of preparing macrolides by the coupling of an eastern and western half, followed by macrocyclization, to provide macrolides, including both known and novel macrolides. Intermediates in the synthesis of macrolides including the eastern and western halves are also provided. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating infectious diseases and inflammatory conditions using the inventive macrolides are also provided. A general diastereoselective aldol methodology used in the synthesis of the western half is further provided. See Fig. 2. WO 2014/165792 3 / 4 PCT/US2014/033025 arylalky) sidechain engages in rTstacking and H boxing four oxyen aaomas face the hydrophfhic tonne ir: CS and 12 mthy groups make hydrophobic contact desosamine sugar lies in \0- a cribt ca binding pocket C241urine akes hydrphoic cntat C4metyt i 3 A fom 205 (a site frequentlkuaedt / ordmehlte yar ehyae IWFigureF2
PURPOSE:To obtain the titled preparation having decreased fear of the infection with e.g. hepatitis virus, by heating a virus-contaminated immunoglobuline in dried state preferably in the presence of a specific stabilizing agent until the virus is inactivated. CONSTITUTION:An immunoglobulin possibly contaminated with virus, e.g. hu man-, equine- or mouse-originated monoclonal aor polyclonal antibody is heat- treated in dried state, preferably under total humidity of <=3% in the presence of a stabilizing agent (e.g. glycineA) until the virus is inactivated to obtain the titled immunoglobulin preparation. The concentrtion of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01-2w/v% for the 0.01-2w/v% solution of monoclonal immuno globulin or 2-8w/v% solution of polyclonal immunoglobulin. An immunoglobulin having excellent stability and water-solubility can be prepared at the some time to the inactivation of the contaminant virus.
PURPOSE: Kringle proteins, which have inhibitory effect on endothelial cell growth, abiogenesis, and formation of prothrombinase complex, can be used in treating cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, and diseases caused by blood clotting. CONSTITUTION: Human prothrombin kringle protein-1 and -2 are isolated and purified from hydrolysat of prothrombin protein with factor Xa. The prothrombin protein is isolated from human blood plasma and purified using ion chromatography. Amino acid sequence of N-terminal of purified kringle proteins are confirmed by amino acid sequencing. cDNAs of each kringle protein-1 and -2 are amplified with PCR using human prothrombin as a cDNA template and cloned into expression vector of E.coli. The inhibition activities of kringle proteins are identified by analysis of chick chorioallantoin membrane and growth experiment of BCE cell.
The Investigator aims to elicit the patient and provider experiences through conducting a 90-minute interview, using an interview guide the research team has developed, using established qualitative research methods for in-depth individual interviews. The team will structure the interviews with broad, open-ended questions to elicit personal thoughts, emotions and experiences regarding decision making for urinary diversion. The team will use the information collected from this interview to make a tool valuable in developing a patient decision aid. For patients who have not undergone surgery yet, the team will ask the patient if it is okay to contact after their surgery to reassess the patients responses to the same questions from the first interview.

In Aim 2, the team will complete part one of the Ottawa decision framework by assessing the patients' and urologists' determinates of decisions for urinary diversion and identify support needs. Using established qualitative research methods for in-depth individual interviews, the team will structure the interviews with broad, open-ended questions to elicit personal thoughts, emotions and experiences regarding decision making for urinary diversion.

Informed by Aim 2 the team will develop a web-based development of a decision aid. The development process will use both the Ottawa decision support and IPDAS to center the design empathetic to the user. The aim will be consistent with principles where the users take priority in the IPDAS guidelines framework and the needs assessment framework. The team will develop a decision support tailored to patients needs who are undergoing urinary diversion and then evaluate the decision making process. The decision aid will use the preferences from the themes of the individual interviews to give patients a preferred method of urinary diversion. The team will perform this in a pre-post fashion.

As mentioned previously, patients will be recruited from the urologists' clinical work. The Indiana and Neobladder patients may have different vantage points in the perioperative period, however at 6-months this should no longer be different. In addition, the team will have patients use the decision aid at 1-month postoperatively to obtain feedback. Getting patient feedback from the group will be critical with such a large number of patients recruited. The research assistant will identify eligible patients prior to their clinic encounter and obtain informed consent. Patients will then complete the decision aid prior to the visit with the surgeon and bring the completed tool into the clinical encounter. After completing the visit, the patient and research assistant will complete the questionnaires assessing acceptability, knowledge, treatment decision and decisional conflict. One month after surgery, our team will also complete the same questionnaires, as well as patient satisfaction and regret at the 6-month follow-up visit. If patients are not available for the visit, our team will attempt to complete telehealth or telephone interviews.