anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
This study will be a prospective observational study of women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. To date, there is little data in the literature assessing and comparing the outcomes associated with breast cancer surgical procedures. Information of satisfaction of patients with treatment, result, and breast cancer education they receive is particularly deficient. Therefore, breast cancer female patients will be recruited at Henry Ford Health System. Participants will voluntarily complete surveys electronically at specific points during their treatment and recovery process. Responses and satisfaction of quality of life will be collected and analyzed.

The BREAST-Q survey will be used to obtain patient reported outcomes.The surveys will be given preoperatively, at six months, one year, two years, and five years. Specific surveys will be given to the patients based on the treatment modality they receive.The groups are breast conserving therapy, mastectomy along, and mastectomy with reconstruction.The mastectomy with reconstruction group will be further subdivided based on implant or autologous tissue reconstruction. A survey adapted from the 'Patient Satisfaction with Cancer Treatment Education (PS-CaTE)' questionnaire will be administered at the preoperative and one year time point to evaluate satisfaction with their breast cancer education. PS-CaTE consists of two parts. Part one evaluates the patient's perception of the breast cancer education. Part two serves to elucidate the primary information sources the patients utilized by the patients. A demographic survey will also be given to patients preoperatively and postoperatively. Survey results will be analyzed to detect differences in health-related quality of life among the different treatments.

BREAST-Q surveys are health-related quality of life survey instruments developed to allow validated and reliable acquisition of patient reported outcomes.These surveys were meticulously crafted following internationally accepted guidelines as established by the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Medical Outcomes Trust and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The item list of this survey was developed from patient interviews, focus groups, expert panels, and literature review. Separate modules were developed for each treatment modality and include BREAST-Q Breast Conserving Therapy, BREAST-Q Mastectomy, BREAST-Q Reconstruction. These surveys have been used in major trials including the United Kingdom's National Health Service survey of 8,000 patients with mastectomy and mastectomy with reconstruction and FDA surveillance and longitudinal follow-up of patients with silicone breast implants.
Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a poultry intestinal disease caused by virulent strains of the bacterium Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). This anaerobic bacterium produces a wide range of enzymes and toxins in the gut which leads to NE development. It is generally accepted by the poultry veterinarians that netB-positive C. perfringens strains are virulent and netB-negative strains do not cause NE. However, NE pathogenesis remains unclear as contradictory results have been reported. The use of experimental in vivo models is a valuable tool to understand the pathogenesis of a disease. In this study, a chicken ligated loop model was used to determine the virulence status of 79 C. perfringens strains from various geographical locations, sources, and genotype profiles. According to our model and based on histologic lesion scoring, 9 C. perfringens strains were classified as commensal, 35 as virulent, and 34 as highly virulent. The virulence of only 1 C. perfringens strain could not be classified as its lesion score was variable (from <10 to >15). In general, NE lesions were more severe in intestinal loops inoculated with netB-positive C. perfringens strains than those inoculated with netB-negative strains. The prevalence of netB among strains classified as commensal, virulent, and highly virulent was 56% (5/9), 54%, (19/35), and 59% (20/34). These results suggest that NetB is not required to cause NE lesions and that other factors are also involved. The classification of the virulence status of C. perfringens strains should not be based solely on the presence or absence of this toxin. Therefore, the use of an in vivo model is essential to distinguish commensal from virulent strains of C. perfringens.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a cosmetic composition excellent in float of oil, wet feeling and spread of cream and further, spreading in makeup and resistance to massy makeup when used as a primer cream, by blending borage oil with a specific component. SOLUTION: This composition is obtained by blending oil (borage oil) obtained from borage grass with at least one kind, preferably three kinds of compounds selected from among δ-tocopherol, an ascorbic ester and tocopherol and lecithin. δ-Tocopherol and ascorbic ester are used in a weight ratio of (1 to 10)/(1 to 2) and δ-Tocopherol and lecithin are sued in a weight ratio of (1 to 5)/(1 to 5) and ascorbic ester and lecithin are sued in a weight ratio of (1 to 2)/(1 to 10). δ-Tocopherol, ascorbic ester and tocopherol and lecithin are especially preferably used in a blend ratio of (30 to 60)/(10 to 30)/(30 to 60). The composition can be used for various fields, e.g. foods, cosmetics, medicines, clothes. The composition is extremely effective as a cosmetic composition, especially in these fields.
After the second computer task, a single dry needling session will be performed with the subject lying on the non painful side. After palpation of a taut band and detection of MTrP 2 in the upper trapezius muscle, a trained physiotherapist will penetrate the needle into the MTrP and will move the needle up and down in multiple directions. When local twitch responses are elicited, this will be repeated until the local twitch responses are extinct.
Subjects in this arm will receive amino acid supplementation (23.7g) 3 times daily for 28 days. Amino acids will be provided in powder form to be dissolved in 8oz of water. Participants will also undergo single-leg immobilization (Breg brace) for 7 days (days 8-15) during the 28 day study period.
Adult:

The maximum recommended single dose of Lidocaine Hydrochloride Oral Topical Solution 2% (Viscous) for healthy adults should be such that the dose of lidocaine does not exceed 4.5 mg/kg or 2 mg/lb body weight and does not in any case exceed a total of 300 mg.

For symptomatic treatment of irritated or inflamed mucous membranes of the mouth and pharynx, the usual adult dose is one 15 mL undiluted. For use in the mouth, the solution should be swished around in the mouth and spit out. For use in the pharynx, the undiluted solution should be gargled and may be swallowed. This dose should not be administered at intervals of less than three hours, and not more than eight doses should be given in a 24-hour period. The dosage should be adjusted commensurate with the patient's age, weight and physical condition (see PRECAUTIONS). 

Pediatric:

Care must be taken to ensure correct dosage in all pediatric patients as there have been cases of overdose due to inappropriate dosing.

It is difficult to recommend a maximum dose of any drug for children since this varies as a function of age and weight. For children over 3 years of age who have a normal lean body mass and normal body development, the maximum dose is determined by the child's weight or age. For example: in a child of 5 years weighing 50 lbs., the dose of lidocaine hydrochloride should not exceed 75 to 100 mg (3.7 to 5 mL of Lidocaine Hydrochloride Oral Topical Solution 2% Viscous).

For infants and in children under 3 years of age, the solution should be accurately measured and no more than 1.2 mL be applied to the immediate area with a cotton-tipped applicator. Wait at least 3 hours before giving the next dose; a maximum of four doses may be given in a 12-hour period. Lidocaine Hydrochloride Oral Topical Solution 2% (Viscous) should only be used if the underlying condition requires treatment with a volume of product that is less than or equal to 1.2 mL.
After an initial enrollment message, participants will receive no contact from study staff except for 1-month and 7-month follow-up assessments. At the end of the study data collection period, they will receive information on how to sign up for This is Quitting if they are interested in the program.
BACKGROUND: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most common episodic vestibular disorder, although it is often quiescent by the time patients visit a specialist clinic, making the diagnosis difficult to confirm. Patients fear the consequences of a relapse and it is not clear what follow up should be provided.
OBJECTIVE: This evaluation reviewed the results of an open access pathway that offered priority appointments to patients with a history of positional vertigo.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In total, 664 patients were included in the analysis, 52 per cent of whom had unconfirmed benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Open follow up improved diagnostic rates by approximately 40 per cent. The rate of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo recurrence was 34 per cent in patients with follow up of at least one year, 41 per cent with follow up of one to two years, and 53 per cent with follow up of two years or more. One in five recurrences occurred in a different semi-circular canal. These results suggest that specialist follow up is required for management of recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
The effectiveness of Glipizide XL extended-release tablets in type 2 diabetes at doses from 5–60 mg once daily has been evaluated in 4 therapeutic clinical trials each with long-term open extensions involving a total of 598 patients. Once daily administration of 5, 10 and 20 mg produced statistically significant reductions from placebo in hemoglobin A1C, fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose in patients with mild to severe type 2 diabetes. In a pooled analysis of the patients treated with 5 mg and 20 mg, the relationship between dose and Glipizide XL's effect of reducing hemoglobin A1C was not established. However, in the case of fasting plasma glucose patients treated with 20 mg had a statistically significant reduction of fasting plasma glucose compared to the 5 mg-treated group.

The reductions in hemoglobin A1C and fasting plasma glucose were similar in younger and older patients. Efficacy of Glipizide XL was not affected by gender, race or weight (as assessed by body mass index). In long term extension trials, efficacy of Glipizide XL was maintained in 81% of patients for up to 12 months.

In an open, two-way crossover study 132 patients were randomly assigned to either Glipizide XL or glipizide tablets for 8 weeks and then crossed over to the other drug for an additional 8 weeks. Glipizide XL administration resulted in significantly lower fasting plasma glucose levels and equivalent hemoglobin A1C levels, as compared to glipizide.

In 12 week, well-controlled studies there was a maximal average net reduction in hemoglobin A1c of 1.7% in absolute units between placebo-treated and GLIPIZIDE XL-treated patients.
The invention relates to a gastric ulcer medicament capsule for treating peptic ulcer with deficiency-cold symptoms. The gastric ulcer medicament capsule is prepared by seven pure Chinese medicine materials, i.e. ginseng, Rhizoma atractylodis Macrocephalae, bletilla, white paeony root, cuttlebone, calcined ark shell and calcined oyster. The gastric ulcer medicament capsule can treat the following deficiency-cold symptoms of the peptic ulcer diagnosed by the traditional Chinese medical science: gastric cavity burning aches, warmth fondness and massage fondness, exacerbation under cold environments, severe pain when the belly is empty, pain reduction when foods are eaten, abdominal distension after eating, tiredness and acratia, spirit fatigue and no speaking desire, intolerance to cold and cold limbs, loose and thin stool, pale tongue and white fur, and slow and sunken pulse. According to years of clinical experiments, the total effective rate is 95 percent and the cure rate is 90 percent. The invention has the advantages of no toxic side effect and exact curative effect.
This study investigated the factors associated with end-of-life health care use and spending in Korea. Chronically ill decedents, who were hospitalized for one of nine chronic conditions during the year before death, were identified from the National Health Insurance Database in 2017. For comparison, the end-of-life care spending for all decedents and the annual health care spending for the general population were analyzed. The inpatient and outpatient end-of-life care spending for the chronically ill decedents were sixteen and seven times the annual inpatient and outpatient spending for the general population respectively. The regional income level was positively associated with both inpatient and outpatient spending among the decedents with a stronger association in the chronically ill decedents, while a negative association was found in the general population. No significant association was found between the inpatient spending and the number of hospital beds for the chronically ill decedents, whereas the number of beds in small to medium-sized hospitals was positively associated with inpatient spending for the total decedents and the general population. The findings suggest that hospitalization for end-of-life care depends more on the income of the patients, while the inpatient spending for total decedents and the general population are more likely to be affected by the supply of beds.
OBJECTIVE: The term source (or focus) control encompasses all those physical measures that can be used to reduce the inoculum and modify those factors in the infectious medium that promote microbial growth or foreign antimicrobial defenses of the host. The main objective of this systematic review (SR) is to know and compare whether early detection and control of the focus (in less than 6 hours) in adult patients treated in the ED for severe infection or sepsis, compared to not controlling the focus or delayed focus control (more than 12 hours) is more effective and safer (improves clinical evolution, mortality, complications, hospital stay or need for ICU admission).
METHODS: A systematic review is carried out following the PRISMA regulations in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Lilacs, Cochrane, Epistemonikos, Tripdatabase and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 2000 to December 31, 2023 without language restrictions and using a combination of MESH terms: "Source Control", "Early" "Infection OR Bacterial Infection OR Sepsis", "Emergencies OR Emergency OR Emergency Department" and "Adults". Observational cohort studies were included. No meta-analysis techniques were performed, but results were compared narratively.
RESULTS: A total of 1,658 articles were identified, of which 2 that met the inclusion criteria and were classified as high quality were finally analyzed. The included studies represent a total of 2,404 patients with 678 cases in which an intervention was performed to control the focus (28.20%). In the first study, 28-day mortality was lower in patients who underwent an intervention to control the focus (12.3% vs. 22.5%; P <0.001), with an adjusted HR of 0.538 (95% CI: 0.389-0.744; P<0.001). In the second, it was demonstrated that the time elapsed from when the patient was evaluated for the first time and was hemodynamically stabilized, until the start of surgery was associated with his survival at 60 days with an OR of 0.31 (95% CI: 0.19-0.45; P <0.0001). In fact, for each hour of delay an adjusted OR of 0.29 (95% CI: 0.16-0.47; P<0.0001) is established. So if the intervention is performed before 2 hours at 60 days, 98% of the patients are still alive, if it is performed between 2-4 hours it is reduced to 78%, if it is between 4-6 hours it drops to 55%, but if it is done for more than 6 hours there will be no survivors at 60 days.
CONCLUSIONS: This review shows that source control carried out after the evaluation of patients attending the ED reduces short-term mortality (30-60 days) and that it would be advisable to implement any required source control intervention as soon as possible, ideally early (within 6 hours).
Corticosteroids decrease bone formation and increase bone resorption both through their effect on calcium regulation (i.e., decreasing absorption and increasing excretion) and inhibition of osteoblast function. This, together with a decrease in the protein matrix of the bone secondary to an increase in protein catabolism, and reduced sex hormone production, may lead to inhibition of bone growth in pediatric patients and the development of osteoporosis at any age. Growth and development of infants and children on prolonged corticosteroid therapy should be carefully observed. Special consideration should be given to patients at increased risk of osteoporosis (e.g., postmenopausal women) before initiating corticosteroid therapy.

Inclusion of therapy for osteoporosis prevention or treatment should be considered. To minimize the risk of glucocortoicoid-induced bone loss, the smallest possible effective dosage and duration should be used. Lifestyle modification to reduce the risk of osteoporosis (e.g., cigarette smoking cessation, limitation of alcohol consumption, participation in weight-bearing exercise for 30-60 minutes daily) should be encouraged. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation, bisphosphonate (e.g., alendronate, risedronate), and a weight-bearing exercise program that maintains muscle mass are suitable first-line therapies aimed at reducing the risk of adverse bone effects. Current recommendations suggest that all interventions be initiated in any patient in whom glucocorticoid therapy with at least the equivalent of 5 mg of prednisone for at least 3 months is anticipated; in addition, sex hormone replacement therapy (combined estrogen and progestin in women; testosterone in men) should be offered to such patients who are hypogonadal or in whom replacement is otherwise clinically indicated and biphosphonate therapy should be initiated (if not already) if bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and/or hip is below normal.
PURPOSE:To enhance the diagnostic performance by applying different picture processing to each difference signal from a soft part picture and a bone part picture, adding the difference signals of both 3 pictures and reproducing a radiant ray picture of an object based on the added picture signal. CONSTITUTION:For example, pictures A, B resulting from picking up a chest at high and low energy are stored respectively in files 17A, 17B. Then two kinds of subtraction pictures are obtained from digital picture signals logSA, logSB from the files 17A, 17B. The two kinds of the picture signals logSA, logSB are respectively stored in files 19A, 19B once and then inputted to a picture processing circuit 20. Proper picture processing is applied respectively to one or both of soft picture 29A and a bone picture 20B and a picture signal S is inputted to a picture display device 21 such as a CRT. Thus, the diseased part in the picture 20A or the like is observed in a background of the picture 20B while making the relation of position clear.
BACKGROUND: PM2.5, a known public health risk, is increasingly linked to intestinal disorders, however, the mechanisms of its impact are not fully understood.
PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the impact of chronic PM2.5 exposure on intestinal barrier integrity and to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms.
METHODS: C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to either concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CPM) or filtered air (FA) for six months to simulate urban pollution conditions. We evaluated intestinal barrier damage, microbial shifts, and metabolic changes through histopathology, metagenomics, and metabolomics. Analysis of the TLR signaling pathway was also conducted.
RESULTS: The mean concentration of PM2.5 in the CPM exposure chamber was consistently measured at 70.9 ± 26.8 μg/m³ throughout the study period. Our findings show that chronic CPM exposure significantly compromises intestinal barrier integrity, as indicated by reduced expression of the key tight junction proteins Occludin and Tjp1/Zo-1. Metagenomic sequencing revealed significant shifts in the microbial landscape, identifying 35 differentially abundant species. Notably, there was an increase in pro-inflammatory nongastric Helicobacter species and a decrease in beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus intestinalis, Lactobacillus sp. ASF360, and Eubacterium rectale. Metabolomic analysis further identified 26 significantly altered metabolites commonly associated with intestinal diseases. A strong correlation between altered bacterial species and metabolites was also observed. For example, 4 Helicobacter species all showed positive correlations with 13 metabolites, including Lactate, Bile acids, Pyruvate and Glutamate. Additionally, increased expression levels of TLR2, TLR5, Myd88, and NLRP3 proteins were noted, and their expression patterns showed a strong correlation, suggesting a possible involvement of the TLR2/5-MyD88-NLRP3 signaling pathway.
CONCLUSIONS: Chronic CPM exposure induces intestinal barrier dysfunction, microbial dysbiosis, metabolic imbalance, and activation of the TLR2/5-MyD88-NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings highlight the urgent need for intervention strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of air pollution on intestinal health and identify potential therapeutic targets.
Hypertension (HPT) is a very common disease, expensive to treat with serious morbidity and mortality. In Malaysia, from the NHMS III conducted in 2006, HPT affects more than 36% of adults. Essential HPT (HPT with no identifiable cause) accounts for approximately 85% of cases, whereas 15% have identifiable conditions (secondary cause). The detection of a secondary cause of HPT is important as the condition is reversible when detected early. Primary aldosteronism (PA) has been identified as the commonest cause of secondary HPT. At present, PA has been regarded as the commonest and potentially curable, with a prevalence of 5-13% \[1-7\]. If this condition is detected early, the chances of cure from hypertension have been reported up to 80% of cases.

This will translate to a major impact to the Malaysian health-care budget. The costs spent on life-long BP medications and complications related to HPT can be reduced enormously. PA is a type of hormonal disorder that leads to high blood pressure (BP). In PA, the adrenal glands produce too much aldosterone causing sodium retention and potassium excretion. The excess sodium then increased the blood volume and BP.

Diagnosis and treatment of this condition are of paramount importance because people with this form of high BP have a higher risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney impairment, metabolic abnormality and reduce quality of life compared to patients with high BP not due to this condition. More importantly, the high BP associated with PA may be curable. This research will be conducted as a multicenter nation-wide study in Malaysia. The research aimed to study the prevalence of this disease in the investigators Malaysian population, determine the underlying mechanisms why this disease is associated with higher complication rate through cardiovascular and inflammatory markers, and identify the genes causing this disease, hence provide a more rapid diagnostic test and possibility of curing the disease with genetic therapy