anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Infection with neurotropic viruses may result in changes in host behavior, which are closely associated with degenerative changes in neurons. The lyssavirus genus comprises highly neurotropic viruses, including the rabies virus (RABV), which has been shown to induce degenerative changes in neurons, marked by the self-destruction of axons. The underlying mechanism by which the RABV degrades neuronal cytoskeletal proteins remains incomplete. In this study, we show that infection with RABV or overexpression of its M protein can disrupt mitochondrial metabolism by binding to Slc25a4. This leads to a reduction in NAD+ production and a subsequent influx of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria into the cytoplasm of neuronal cell lines, activating Ca2+-dependent proteinase calpains that degrade α-tubulin. We further screened the M proteins of different lyssaviruses and discovered that the M protein of the dog-derived RABV strain (DRV) does not degrade α-tubulin. Sequence analysis of the DRV M protein and that of the lab-attenuated RABV strain CVS revealed that the 57th amino acid is vital for M-induced microtubule degradation. We generated a recombinant RABV with a mutation at the 57th amino acid position in its M protein and showed that this mutation reduces α-tubulin degradation in vitro and axonal degeneration in vivo. This study elucidates the mechanism by which lyssavirus induces neuron degeneration.IMPORTANCEPrevious studies have suggested that RABV (rabies virus, the representative of lyssavirus) infection induces structural abnormalities in neurons. But there are few articles on the mechanism of lyssavirus' effect on neurons, and the mechanism of how RABV infection induces neurological dysfunction remains incomplete. The M protein of lyssavirus can downregulate cellular ATP levels by interacting with Slc25a4, and this decrease in ATP leads to a decrease in the level of NAD+ in the cytosol, which results in the release of Ca2+ from the intracellular calcium pool, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. The presence of large amounts of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm activates Ca2+-dependent proteases and degrades microtubule proteins. The amino acid 57 of M protein is the key site determining its disruption of mitochondrial metabolism and subsequent neuron degeneration.
NEW MATERIAL:The compound of formula I (Az is imidazolyl or triazolyl; R is H or alkyl; R<1>-R<3> are H or halogen) or its salt. EXAMPLE:1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-(isoxazol-3-yl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) ethanol. USE:A medicine for human or animal. An antimycotic agent for oral administration or injection or an agricultural or industrial fungicide. PREPARATION:A compound of formula I wherein R<3> is H can be produced by reacting an acid chloride of formula II with a (substituted) benzene of formula V in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as AlCl3 at 0-100 deg.C, subjecting the resultant compound of formula III to oxirane-formation reaction to obtain an ethylene oxide of formula IV and reacting the oxide with the compound of formula M-Az (M is H or alkali metal). The obtained compound of formula I can be converted to another compound of formula I wherein R<3> is halogen by halogenation.
Patients receive XL092 PO QD on days 1-14 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 14 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo ECHO or MUGA at screening and then as clinically indicated, and blood sample collection on study and CT throughout the study.
Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder reflecting a problem with the programming and/or planning of speech. AOS is well recognized in the context of stroke where onset is acute and the condition improves or is stable and chronic. AOS that is insidious in onset and progresses over time because of neurodegeneration is less well recognized and understood. For the past decade the investigators have been studying patients with primary progressive apraxia of speech (PAOS). They have demonstrated that it can be the earliest manifestation of an underlying neurodegenerative disease and have recently reported that the profile of PAOS characteristics can differ among affected patients. In some instances, the speech pattern is dominated by distorted sound substitutions and additions, and other features attributable to articulatory difficulty, while in other instances the pattern is dominated by slow, prosodically segmented speech. We have designated the first profile as Phonetic PAOS (Ph-PAOS) and the second as Prosodic PAOS (Pr-PAOS; previously referred to in our studies as type 1 and 2, respectively). Importantly, it appears that the AOS pattern type may have prognostic implications. In a recent longitudinal study, the investigators observed that in some PAOS patients, the AOS remained the most salient feature over an average of seven years of the neurodegenerative disease. Other patients developed a severe extrapyramidal syndrome, resembling progressive supranuclear palsy, within five years, causing significant morbidity, including the inability to ambulate and a shortened life span; interestingly, this more aggressive course was associated with the Pr- PAOS type. At present, little is known about these types. To address the main aim to better understand the neurobiology and clinical associations of PAOS types, they will perform longitudinal speech, language, and neurocognitive testing, acoustic analyses, neuroimaging, and autopsy in a cohort of 47 new PAOS patients (for 80 PAOS patients total) and healthy controls.
Participants will first undergo an initial pharmacokinetic (PK) assessment. Following the PK assessment participants will be randomized to one of 2 dosing regimens.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide arachidonic acid oil and fat excellent in oxidation stability.  <P>SOLUTION: A composition containing an arachidonic acid is used for adding arachidonic acid or enhancing its content. The composition contains tocopherol and a rosemary extract together with arachidonic acid. The arachidonic acid may be an alcohol ester of arachidonic acid or triglyceride, phospholipid, or glycolipid arachidonic acid whose part or whole of the constituent fatty acid is arachidonic acid. It is desirable that the composition contain 1 wt.% or above of arachidonic acid. The rosemary extract is preferably an oil soluble extract, more preferably carnosic acid. The composition is added to food and drink-favorite food, bait and feed, health care-medicine, or cosmetics so as to add arachidonic acid or enhance its content.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
PURPOSE:Patch for external use having proper water vapor transmission and improved sealing effect, using a substrate comprising a resin composition consisting of a vinyl chloride.ethylene copolymer and an ethylene.carbon monoxide.vinyl acetate copolymer as a main component. CONSTITUTION:A substrate comprises a resin composition consisting of a vinyl chloride.ethylene copolymer and an ethylene.carbon monoxide.vinyl acetate copolymer (the amount of EVACO is 5-200pts.wt. based on 100pts.wt. vinyl chloride.ethylene copolymer; ethylene content of vinyl chloride.ethylene copolymer is 3-12wt%; composition ratio of EVACO of ethylene: vinyl acetate: carbon monoxide is 100:10-90:3-50) as a main component. A solution of pressure- sensitive adhesive is optionally blended with a drug, cast on a release paper and dried. The substrate and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer are bonded to give to give patch for external use. Skin irritation during application is minimized by synergistic effect of improved flexibility and proper water vapor transmission of the substrate.
Value-based care (VBC) aims to improve patient health outcomes relative to the cost of care by shifting from traditional fee-for-service models to patient-centered, outcome-driven approaches. This framework is particularly important in nephrology, where high costs associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage kidney disease have prompted the adoption of new care models. Key programs such as the Comprehensive End-Stage Renal Disease Care Model and the Kidney Care Choices program have introduced multidisciplinary teams and early-stage CKD interventions to improve patient outcomes and reduce costs. This article highlights the essential role of interdisciplinary collaboration in VBC, with registered nurses, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, social workers, dietitians, and physicians coordinating care to address clinical and non-clinical needs. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of coordinated efforts in medication management, patient education, and addressing social determinants of health. These examples underscore the potential for VBC to significantly improve patient outcomes in kidney care while addressing health care inequities and reducing overall costs. Findings emphasize the importance of early interventions, interdisciplinary teamwork, and targeted support for patients with CKD in achieving VBC outcomes.
Bone and soft tissue tumors (BST) are a highly heterogeneous group largely classified by their line of differentiation, based on their resemblance to their normal counterpart in adult tissue. Yet, rendering a specific diagnosis can be challenging, primarily due to their rarity and overlapping histopathologic features or clinical presentations. Over the past few decades, seemingly histogenetic-specific gene fusions/translocations and amplifications have been discovered, aiding in a more nuanced classification, leading to well-established objective diagnostic criteria and the development of specific surrogate ancillary tests targeting these genetic aberrations (e.g., immunohistochemistry). Ironically, the same research also has revealed that some specific tumor subtypes may be the result of differing and often multiple gene fusions/translocations, but, more interestingly, identical gene fusions may be present in more than one phenotypically and biologically distinct neoplasm, sometimes with entirely different clinical behavior. Prime examples include, EWSR1::ATF1 and, less commonly, EWSR1::CREB1 gene fusions present in both clear cell sarcoma, a malignant high-grade tumor with melanocytic differentiation, and angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, a mesenchymal neoplasm of intermediate malignancy with a generally indolent course. Similarly, MDM2 amplification, once deemed to be pathognomonic for atypical lipomatous tumor/well differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma, has been documented in a range of additional distinct tumors, including low grade osteosarcomas (e.g. low grade central and surface parosteal) and high-grade intimal sarcomas, amongst others. Such findings reinforce the importance of careful attention to morphological and clinicoradiological features and correlation with molecular testing before rendering a specific diagnosis. Future classification systems in BST neoplasms cannot be solely based on molecular events and ideally will balance morphologic features with molecular analysis. Herein, we provide a narrative literature review of the more common BST neoplasms with shared genetic events but differing demographics, morphology, immunophenotype, and clinical behavior, re-emphasizing the importance of the hematoxylin and eosin slide and the "eye" of the practicing pathologist.
Relevant to the third part of the study. 30 Children between 1 and 17 years of age from internal medicine department will undergo a complete evaluation by an investigating dietician and assessment by the STAMP tool in order to determine the extent of the nutritional risk on a numerical scale.
A combine has an upper sieve and a lower sieve connected to each other at the front and rear ends by front and rear linkages. Each linkage has a rock lever, and two vertically extending links connected to the respective sieves. The rock lever is fulcrumed in walls of the combine casing. The rear end of the upper sieve is driven by a first crank and the front end of the lower sieve is driven by a second crank of less radius. The vertical crank motion of the rear end of the upper sieve is transmitted to the rear end of the lower sieve by the rear linkage, and the crank vertical motion of the front end of the lower sieve is transmitted to the front end of the upper sieve by the front linkage. The front end of the upper sieve has elliptical orbiting motion, and the whole of the lower sieve and a rear part of the upper sieve have circular orbiting motion.
Ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VTA) are frequent arrhythmias in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Representing a major risk factor for sudden cardiac death, Holter ECG at first clinical presentation appears insufficient. This study aims to investigate the ability of routinely obtained parameters associated with myocardial remodeling in stratifying for VTA in HCM. In this monocentric analysis, patients with HCM underwent 12-channel electrocardiography and echocardiography, including tissue doppler imaging. The study's primary endpoint was the documentation of non-sustained and sustained ventricular tachycardia-summarized as ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTA) on Holter ECG or active devices. The occurrence of VTA was exploratory. Based on our collective, we developed a risk model regarding VTA. Of 140 HCM patients, 38 (27.1%) had an episode of VTA. Patients with VTA were likelier to have a history of atrial fibrillation (p < 0.001), a thicker interventricular septum (p < 0.001) and lower peak systolic mitral annular velocity (p < 0.001). The parameters were independently associated with endpoint in univariate and multivariate logistic regression. We created a logistic equation and calculated a cut-off value. The resulting ROC curve revealed a discriminative ability with AUC of 0.80 (sensitivity, 63%; specificity, 88%). Our risk model including these widely available parameters is able to distinguish low and high-risk of VTA in patients with HCM.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, disabling, and costly disease, and the knee is one of the most affected joints. The predominant symptom is pain. Effective and lasting non-invasive treatment approaches are missing. MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) is a new minimally invasive technique which may represent a valid solution providing several advantages. The primary aim of this work will be to assess the efficacy of MRgFUS in the treatment of pain caused by knee OA in 80 patients candidate for arthroplasty in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Different parameters related to pain, quality of life, function, and imaging will be collected and analyzed in a 12-month follow-up. The secondary aims will be focused on a) the evaluation of the effects on the joint organ and changes of biological features in response to MRgFUS, and b) the impact of selective ablation of nociceptors on OA pain, based on the analysis of resected joint tissues.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a wet-adhesive composition which makes it possible to remove cornoid lamella from the skin and visually easily recognize the removed cornoid lamella, and to provide a sheet-like member.  <P>SOLUTION: This wet-adhesive composition is characterized by comprising a water-soluble polymer, a liquid plasticizer soluble in the water-soluble polymer, and a black pigment, wherein the black pigment is contained in an amount of 3 to 20 pts. wt. per 100 pts. wt. of the water-soluble polymer. The black pigment is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon black, black iron oxide, black titanium oxide, and medicinal carbon. It is preferable to further contain a filler. The sheet-like adhesive member has an adhesive layer formed from the wet-adhesive composition on one side of a substrate.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
An apparatus in the form of a patch to efficiently store cannabinoids and control the flow of cannabis chemicals into the bloodstream of a user. The patch may have an adhesive and medication reservoir. The patch may function as a peel and stick medication patch. The medication reservoir may be sealed with a peel away protective covering. The patch may have a permeation enhancer for allowing penetration of the active ingredients such as THC and CBD through a user's skin. An image of a marijuana leaf may be presented on the outside of the patch.
Oxazepam Capsules are classified by the Drug Enforcement Administration as a schedule IV controlled substance.

Withdrawal symptoms, similar in character to those noted with barbiturates and alcohol (convulsions, tremor, abdominal and muscle cramps, vomiting, and sweating), have occurred following abrupt discontinuance of oxazepam. The more severe withdrawal symptoms have usually been limited to those patients who received excessive doses over an extended period of time. Generally milder withdrawal symptoms (e.g., dysphoria and insomnia) have been reported following abrupt discontinuance of benzodiazepines taken continuously at therapeutic levels for several months. Consequently, after extended therapy, abrupt discontinuation should generally be avoided and a gradual dosage-tapering schedule followed. Addiction-prone individuals (such as drug addicts or alcoholics) should be under careful surveillance when receiving oxazepam or other psychotropic agents because of the predisposition of such patients to habituation and dependence.
1. Use of 2-(2-[4-1(4-chlorophenyl)phenylmethyl]- 1 -piperazinyl]ethoxy]-acetic acid, an individual optical isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient for the production of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of diseases induced by the respiratory-syncytial-virus. 2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a dose containing from 5 mg to 50 mg of the active ingredient. 3. Use according to claim 1, wherein the disease to be treated is selected from acute bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia. 4. Use according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. 5. Use according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in a form suitable for oral use. 6. Use according to claim 5, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, elixirs, syrups, solutions or suspensions. 7. Use according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in a form suitable for rectal use. 8. Use according to claim 7, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of suppositories. 9. Use according to claim 6, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a solution or suspension containing at least 0.1% by weight of the active ingredient. 10. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of diseases induced by the repiratory-syncytial-virus containing 2-[2-[4-[(4-chlorophenyl)phenylmethyl]- l-piperazinyl]ethoxy]-acetic acid, an individual optical isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as active ingredient in a therapeutically effective amount and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for the treatment of diseases induced by the respiratory-syncytial-virus.
This protocol is designed as an adjunct to other National Institutes of Health (NIH) IRB approved protocols that allow for genetic testing, which may include those that are screening protocols for patients with rare primary immunodeficiency or immunodysregulation disorders. Patients deemed of sufficient research interest after review of outside medical records, clinical evaluation, and testing, may be invited to participate in this study. Healthy volunteers and relatives of patients will also be invited to participate as a source of control samples for research testing. After consent and enrollment into this study, skin punch biopsies will be obtained to establish dermal fibroblast cell lines for research studies directed at understanding the genetic and biochemical bases of these diseases. Cell lines will also be used to investigate the utility of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) for lymphocyte derivation and targeted gene correction. The nasal epithelial scrapings will be used for research purposes to grow out primary nasal respiratory epithelial cell lines. These cell lines will be used for functional studies by testing virus replication in them. These functional studies will allow us to identify new primary immunodeficiencies that may present primarily as recurrent or persistent lower respiratory tract virus infections. Results with the potential to impact medical care will be relayed to the referring physicians and where applicable patients will be referred to other appropriate NIH protocols for additional clinical evaluation and treatment.

The study will enroll up to 200 patients and healthy volunteers over the next 15 years.
To challenge the invasion of various pathogens, plants re-direct their resources from plant growth to an innate immune defence system. However, the underlying mechanism that coordinates the induction of the host immune response and the suppression of plant growth remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that an auxin response factor, CaARF9, has dual roles in enhancing the immune resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum infection and in retarding plant growth by repressing the expression of its target genes as exemplified by Casmc4, CaLBD37, CaAPK1b and CaRROP1. The expression of these target genes not only stimulates plant growth but also negatively impacts pepper resistance to R. solanacearum. Under normal conditions, the expression of Casmc4, CaLBD37, CaAPK1b and CaRROP1 is active when promoter-bound CaARF9 is complexed with CaIAA2. Under R. solanacearum infection, however, degradation of CaIAA2 is triggered by SA and JA-mediated signalling defence by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which enables CaARF9 in the absence of CaIAA2 to repress the expression of Casmc4, CaLBD37, CaAPK1b and CaRROP1 and, in turn, impeding plant growth while facilitating plant defence to R. solanacearum infection. Our findings uncover an exquisite mechanism underlying the trade-off between plant growth and immunity mediated by the transcriptional repressor CaARF9 and its deactivation when complexed with CaIAA2.
Chronic cocaine exposure is associated with an intensified and broadened pattern of neural reactivity to cocaine and cocaine cues; prolonged use is also associated with prefrontal abnormalities during response inhibition. Limited research suggests that recreational cocaine use has similar, but attenuated, effects on neural functioning. Unfortunately, very little research has directly compared cocaine dependent individuals and recreational cocaine users in terms of their neural reactivity to cocaine cues and response inhibition. Such comparisons could help to elucidate the pathological neuroplasticity associated with the transition from cocaine use to dependence. The proposed study will assess neural reactivity to cocaine cues and response inhibition in recreational cocaine users using fMRI. These data will be compared to data from the baseline visit of an ongoing IRB approved investigation (NCT00759473) in cocaine dependent individuals that is using the same experimental procedures as the proposed study.