anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Signs and Symptoms–The onset of symptoms following a toxic oral exposure to phenobarbital may not occur until several hours following ingestion. The toxic dose of barbiturates varies considerably. In general, an oral dose of 1 g of most barbiturates produces serious poisoning in an adult. Death commonly occurs after 2 to 10 g of ingested barbiturate. The sedated, therapeutic blood levels of phenobarbital range between 5 to 40 mcg/mL; the usual lethal blood level ranges from 100 to 200 mcg/mL. Barbiturate intoxication may be confused with alcoholism, bromide intoxication, and various neurologic disorders. Potential tolerance must be considered when evaluating significance of dose and plasma concentration. 

The manifestations of a long-acting barbiturate in overdose include nystagmus, ataxia, CNS depression, respiratory depression, hypothermia, and hypotension. Other findings may include absent or depressed reflexes and erythematous or hemorrhagic blisters (primarily at pressure points). Following massive exposure to phenobarbital, pulmonary edema, circulatory collapse with loss of peripheral vascular tone, cardiac arrest, and death may occur.

In extreme overdose, all electrical activity in the brain may cease, in which case a "flat" EEG normally equated with clinical death should not be accepted. This effect is fully reversible unless hypoxic damage occurs.

Consideration should be given to the possibility of barbiturate intoxication even in situations that appear to involve trauma.

Complications such as pneumonia, pulmonary edema, cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, and renal failure may occur. Uremia may increase CNS sensitivity to barbiturates if renal function is impaired. Differential diagnosis should include hypoglycemia, head trauma, cerebrovascular accidents, convulsive states and diabetic coma.

Treatment–To obtain up-to-date information about the treatment of overdose, a good resource is your certified Regional Poison Control Center. Telephone numbers of certified poison control centers are listed in the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR). In managing overdosage, consider the possibility of multiple drug overdoses, interaction among drugs, and unusual drug kinetics in your patient. 

Protect the patient’s airway and support ventilation and perfusion. Meticulously monitor and maintain, within acceptable limits, the patient’s vital signs, blood gases, serum electrolytes, etc. Absorption of drugs from the gastrointestinal tract may be decreased by giving activated charcoal, which, in many cases, is more effective than emesis or lavage; consider charcoal instead of or in addition to gastric emptying. Repeated doses of charcoal over time may hasten elimination of some drugs that have been absorbed. Safeguard the patient’s airway when employing gastric emptying or charcoal.

Alkalinization of urine hastens phenobarbital excretion, but dialysis and hemoperfusion are more effective and cause less troublesome alterations in electrolyte equilibrium. If the patient has chronically abused sedatives, withdrawal reactions may be manifest following acute overdose.
Saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) peramygdalin infiltration (in each loca). Single dosage pre-incisional. 4 syringes must be prepared, two for each of the tonsil sites.
Background and Objectives: Despite the fact that biologic drugs have transformed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment, addressing fibrosis-related strictures remains a research gap. This study explored the roles of cytokines, macrophages, and Krüppel-like factors (KLFs), specifically KLF4, in intestinal fibrosis, as well as the interplay of KLF4 with various gut components. Materials and Methods: This study examined macrophage subtypes, their KLF4 expression, and the effects of KLF4 knockdown on macrophage polarization and cytokine expression using THP-1 monocyte models. Co-culture experiments with stromal myofibroblasts and a conditioned medium from macrophage subtype cultures were conducted to study the role of these cells in intestinal fibrosis. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal organoids were used to confirm inflammatory and fibrotic responses in the human small intestinal epithelium. Results: Each macrophage subtype exhibited distinct phenotypes and KLF4 expression. Knockdown of KLF4 induced inflammatory cytokine expression in M0, M2a, and M2c cells. M2b exerted anti-fibrotic effects via interleukin (IL)-10. M0 and M2b cells showed a high migratory capacity toward activated stromal myofibroblasts. M0 cells interacting with activated stromal myofibroblasts transformed into inflammatory macrophages, thereby increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. The expression of IL-36α, linked to fibrosis, was upregulated. Conclusions: This study elucidated the role of KLF4 in macrophage polarization and the intricate interactions between macrophages, stromal myofibroblasts, and cytokines in experimental in vitro models of intestinal fibrosis. The obtained results may suggest the mechanism of fibrosis formation in clinical IBD.
The selection of appropriate treatment modalities based on the presence or absence of mutations in KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and the microsatellite instability (MSI) status has become a crucial consensus in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. However, the distribution pattern of these genetic mutations and the prevalence of MSI status in Chinese stage I-III CRCs remain unclear. We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological features, mutations in the KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF genes, as well as MSI status of 411 patients with stage I-III CRC who underwent surgery from June 2020 to December 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The mutation rates of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF were 48.9%, 2.2%, and 3.2%, respectively, and the microsatellite instability-high rate was 9.5%. KRAS mutation was independently associated with mucinous adenocarcinoma. Multivariate analysis suggested that tumor location and mucinous adenocarcinoma were independently associated with BRAF mutation. Only T stage was associated with NRAS mutations in the univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that factors such as larger tumor size, tumor location, younger age, and poor differentiation were independently associated with microsatellite instability-high status. The results illustrate the mutation frequencies of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF genes and MSI status in stage I-III CRC from the eastern region of China. These findings further validate the associations between these genes status and various clinicopathological characteristics.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject coating agent which comprises an anionic polymer having a specific carboxy group content, hydrophilifys the surfaces of teeth and artificial teeth, facilitates the easy removal of the formed stains by simple brushing operations, can prevent the accumulation of the stains, and can control the coloration. SOLUTION: This coating agent comprises an anionic polymer having a carboxy group content of >=11.5 moles per kg of the polymer compound and/or the salt of the polymer. The anionic polymer has a mol.wt. of 20,000-4,000,000 and a concentration of 0.1-5%. An unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer forming the anionic polymer is preferably a monocarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid (for example, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid). The coating agent can be added to compositions for oral cavities and artificial teeth (for example, toothpastes, mouthwashes or dental creams).
The invention relates to a statin medicine preparation method, and belongs to the field of medicine production and preparation. According to the invention, liquid comprising polyvinyl alcohol is adopted as a wetting liquid, and is added into a statin medicine mixture during wet granulation; drying and granule trimming are carried out, and additional auxiliary materials are added, such that statin granules are prepared. The polyvinyl alcohol solution is dissolved or dispersed in the liquid, and the liquid comprising polyvinyl alcohol is used as the wetting liquid for preparing the statin medicine granules. According to the invention, polyvinyl alcohol is adopted as water-soluble high molecules. In pharmacy industries, polyvinyl alcohol is commonly used as a moisture proof agent for a thin-film-coated system. The moisture proof effect is substantially better than common high-molecular materials with certain viscosity. According to the invention, polyvinyl alcohol is not used in a coated system, but is used in granulation, and is used for preparing statin medicine granules with certain moisture proof performance. According to the invention, polyvinyl alcohol is added into water or organic solvent comprising water, such that a homogenous solution is formed and is adopted as a wetting agent or adhesive liquid for preparing the statin medicine granules.
Present invention relates to disclosure of application of some innovative techniques useful for substantially improving process efficiency of production of chlorinated sucrose including their intermediates and derivatives. Application of mild methods of drying has been made for recovery of chlorinated sucrose or their intermediates and derivatives, in substantially pure form or with other solid chemical impurities, obtained at various stages in the process of production of chlorinated sucrose. Mild methods of drying included agitated thin film drying, spray drying, freeze drying and super critical extraction. Use of alkoxides has been introduced for deacylation instead of alkali hydroxides or alkaline earth hydroxides. Deacylation has been shown to be effective both, either before or after drying of the reaction mixture. Extraction and purification of desired products i.e. of chlorinated sucrose or its intermediates or derivatives, from dried solid mixtures could be achieved by using appropriate extraction method, including but not limited to solvent extraction and super critical extraction. Further purification of such extracts can be done by crystallization or direct drying under mild conditions.
The invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical preparations and food and cosmetic additives, providing salvianolic acid or salt phospholipid complex of the salvianolic acid and a preparation method of the salvianolic acid. The invention adopts salvianolic acid or the salt of the salvianolic acid as an active component with phospholipid to make a complex whose biofilm has high permeability. The physicochemical properties of the prepared complex are changed; the prepared complex increases the lipophilia of the salvianolic acid and the salt of the salvianolic acid; and the prepared complex utilizes the high  compatibility between the phospholipid and membranes to promote the combination between the salvianolic acid and salt molecules and the membranes so as to increase the permeability of the biofilm of the prepared complex. The salvianolic acid and salt phospholipid complex of the salvianolic acid are dissolved in a middle and long chain fatty glyceride or plural middle and long chain fatty glycerides to prepare a combined substance. Animal tests show that the invention can remarkably improve the bioavailability of the salvianolic acid. With simple preparation process and good reproducibility, the invention is applicable to improving the absorption of other drugs similar to hydrophilicity molecules.
Objective: Exendin-4 (or exenatide) is a medication currently used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). Exendin-4 has generated promising results as an agent protecting neurons from a number of assaults both in the laboratory and in studies on animals. Specifically, there is pre-clinical evidence that Exendin-4 may be a treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on these facts, we conducted a pilot Phase II double blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical study to assess the safety and provide proof of concept for exendin-4 treatment in early Alzheimer's disease (AD), by demonstrating a response of disease biomarkers to the intervention. Our main hypothesis is that long-term administration of Exendin-4 in participants with amnestic MCI/early AD in FDA-approved doses is safe and will induce a change over time in AD biomarkers. Subject population: We intend to screen up to 100 potential participants in order to ensure that at least 40 participants (enrolled based on a clinical diagnosis of amnestic MCI/early AD and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) biomarker evidence of AD) will be enrolled into treatment and complete the study. Design: Enrolled participants will be randomly assigned into one of two groups (Exendin-4 vs. Placebo) and will be followed at regular intervals for 18 months. Outcome measures: Safety and tolerability will be the primary outcomes. In addition, we will measure and assess the change over time of a number of exploratory outcomes with the intervention, including CSF and plasma biomarkers (such as CSF A42, tau, p181-tau and plasma A42/A40), cognitive performance measures (such as the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment scale, cognitive sub-scale, and other tests), clinical progression of dementia measures (such as the Clinical Dementia Rating scale sum-of-boxes), volumetric changes on structural brain MRI and changes in resting fMRI. All research will be performed on the National Institute on Aging (NIA) Clinical Research Unit located on the 5th floor of Harbor Hospital.
The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines and particularly relates to metformin hydrochloride dry suspension and a preparation method thereof. The metformin hydrochloride dry suspension is used for type-2 diabetes mellitus patients unsatisfied with pure diet control, particularly for obese patients accompanied by hyperinsulinemia, has the effect of reducing blood sugar and possibly has the effects of reducing weight and alleviating the hyperinsulinemia. The metformin hydrochloride dry suspension can take effect for certain patients with poor sulfonylurea curative effect. If the metformin hydrochloride dry suspension is used together with sulfonylurea, small intestine glycosidase inhibitors or thiazolidinediones hypoglycemic drugs, the effect is better than the effect achieved by single application. The metformin hydrochloride dry suspension can also be used for patients receiving insulin treatment so as to reduce the dosage of insulin. The metformin hydrochloride dry suspension has relatively good taste, is particularly suitable for child patients and fills in the blank of domestic child diabetes medication. The preparation technology of the metformin hydrochloride dry suspension is simple, convenient and practical.
The ESWT group received shock waves with low-energy flux density (0.05-0.30 mJ/mm2). The interval between treatments is a 1-week. To evaluate the effect of ESWT, we reviewed the skin test results (thickness, melanin, erythema, TEWL, sebum, and skin elasticity levels) immediately before ESWT and immediately after the sixth session. And also the ESWT group received the standard treatment, which involved medication, scar lubrication, burn rehabilitation massage therapy, and physical therapy.
All patients received monthly 0.5 mg aflibercept intravitreal injections for 3 months, after which monthly injections were administered pro re nata. Moreover, patients also self- administered one drop of pranoprofen (Pranoflog; Sifi SpA, Aci Sant'Antonio, CT, Italy) three times a day for 12 months. All patients were followed up for 12 months.
Percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis (PEA) is an effective treatment for patients with lumbar radiculopathy unresponsive to single steroid injections. Various approaches and instruments have been developed to access these lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of a retrodiscal approach for epidural adhesiolysis using a WHIP catheter®. This retrospective study was conducted at Bundang Seoul National University Hospital, reviewing cases from January to December 2022. Forty-seven patients diagnosed with lumbar radiculopathy, aged 20 to 80 years, who underwent PEA with the WHIP catheter® were included. Outcomes assessed Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, Patients' Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scores, and the incidence of procedure-related complications. Follow-up evaluations occurred at 1, 3, and 6 months post-procedure. Among 47 patients, 41 completed the study, showing significant pain reduction at all follow-up points: 1 month (N = 41, 1.32 ± 1.68, P < .001), 3 months (N = 31, 1.90 ± 2.14, P < .001), and 6 months (N = 30, 2.50 ± 2.30, P < .001). PGIC scores indicated that 40% of the patients reported substantial improvement at one-month post-procedure. The complications were minimal, with only one case of intradiscal injection and 2 cases of vascular uptake. The retrodiscal approach PEA using the WHIP catheter® demonstrated significant efficacy in pain reduction with minimal safety concerns for patients with lumbar radiculopathy. These findings suggest that this procedure is a viable option for patients who are unresponsive to conservative treatment. However, the retrospective nature of this study and its small sample size necessitate further prospective controlled studies to confirm our results and establish long-term outcomes.
The participants will see fruit drinks with the nutrition claim "100% Vitamin C daily value" (task 1). They will see a snack with a text warning "WARNING: High in added sugar" (task 2).
BACKGROUND: The inflammation-based modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) combines serum levels of C-reactive protein and albumin and was shown to predict survival in advanced cancer. We aimed to elucidate the prognostic impact of mGPS on survival as well as its predictive value when combined with gender in unselected metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients receiving first-line chemotherapy in the randomized phase III XELAVIRI trial.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: In XELAVIRI, mCRC patients were treated with either fluoropyrimidine/bevacizumab followed by additional irinotecan at first progression (sequential treatment arm; Arm A) or upfront combination of fluoropyrimidine/bevacizumab/irinotecan (intensive treatment arm; Arm B). In the present post hoc analysis, survival was evaluated with respect to the assorted mGPS categories 0, 1 or 2. Interaction between mGPS and gender was analyzed.
RESULTS: Out of 421 mCRC patients treated in XELAVIRI, 362 [119 women (32.9%) and 243 men (67.1%)] were assessable. For the entire study population a significant association between mGPS and overall survival (OS) was observed [mGPS = 0: median 28.9 months, 95% confidence interval (CI) 25.9-33.6 months; mGPS = 1: median 21.4 months, 95% CI 17.6-26.1 months; mGPS = 2: median 16.8 months, 95% CI 14.3-21.2 months; P < 0.00001]. Similar results were found when comparing progression-free survival between groups. The effect of mGPS on survival did not depend on the applied treatment regimen (P = 0.21). In female patients, a trend towards longer OS was observed in Arm A versus Arm B, with this effect being clearly more pronounced in the mGPS cohort 0 (41.6 versus 25.5 months; P = 0.056). By contrast, median OS was longer in male patients with an mGPS of 1-2 treated in Arm B versus Arm A (20.8 versus 17.4 months; P = 0.022).
CONCLUSION: We demonstrate the role of mGPS as an independent predictor of OS regardless of the treatment regimen in mCRC patients receiving first-line treatment. mGPS may help identify gender-specific subgroups that benefit more or less from upfront intensive therapy.
Montelukast is an orally active compound which binds with high affinity and selectivity to the CysLT1 receptor. Montelukast inhibits physiologic actions of LTD4 at the CysLT1 receptor without any agonist activity. As a result, bronchoconstriction is inhibited with decreased airway and blood eosinophil's leading to improved control over asthma and allergic rhinitis.
The invention discloses coumarin lignans, a preparation method and application thereof. The coumarinolignoids are specifically 6 compounds separated from Sapium discolor (Champ. ex Benth.) Muell. Arg.). The test of the applicant shows that the compound can obviously inhibit NO release of BV2 microglia stimulated by LPS under the condition of not influencing the survival rate of BV2 microglia, wherein the inhibition effect of the compound 2a is slightly stronger than that of minocycline which is a clinical commonly used drug, so that the compound has better potential medicinal value and is expected to be used for preparing neurodegenerative disease drugs.
Opioids dependence is a chronic brain disease, with a much higher rate of relapse rate. Relapse prevention is important for opioid dependence treatment. Thienorphine hydrochloride, derivatives of buprenorphine, is one of the receptor partial agonists. Previous research indicated that, it may be a safe and effective treatment for the prevention of opioid dependent patients after detoxification. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase Ⅱb clinical trial, we are aimed to evaluate the efficacy of thienorphine hydrochloride tablets for anti-relapse therapy after opioid dependence detoxification treatment, determining the optimal dose of thienorphine hydrochloride tablets, and further evaluate the safety of thienorphine hydrochloride for patients with opioid dependence. 180 eligible patients are going to be recruited and randomly assigned to 0.2mg/day group, 0.5mg/day group and placebo control group after they provided their consent forms. Subjects in each group would receive assigned treatment for 12 weeks. Primary outcome measure was retention time of each participants during these 12 weeks. Urine test for opioids, changing of withdrawal score and craving, self-reported euphoria after using heroin, subjects and researchers' overall evaluation of treatment efficacy are secondary outcome measures.
The present invention discloses a fermenting production process of HirsuteZla hepiali Chen & Shen for industrial purpose. It contains steps: a. Isolating new stain from original source ; b. identifing whether the stain can grow stroma or not ; c. culturing the strain in solid medium for rejuvenescence purpose; d. Secondly culturing the strain in liquid culture medium; e. fermenting. The said method provides a fermenting production process, which can continually identify whether the anamorphic fungi related to Chinese cordyceps sinensis change or not, whether it retains the property of original strain or not. It also can be modified continually. According to these process, the quality of the obtained product will be stable and the property will be retained stable for quite a long time. Therefore this method overcome the problems exist in the art that change of the strain, instability of quality of the product and so on.
FIELD: medicine, biochemistry, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention proposes percutaneous therapeutic plaster comprising self-gluing matrix layer based on organosilicon compound or polyacrylate with at least one active substance as an inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA-reductase being a matrix layer is covered with backing that is impermeable for the active substance. The substance with structural elements of tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyrane (for example, lovastatin) is used as an inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA-reductase. Invention provides the sustained-release of active substance with absolute availability. EFFECT: valuable properties medicinal and pharmaceutical of composition. 9 cl, 3 ex
This study is a prospective, single-blind study including case and control groups. Before the study started, participants were informed about the benefits and risks of the study. Participants were randomly divided into four different groups (MD, GFD, MGFD and control group). The intervention groups (MD group (n=10)) were administered weekly diets by a dietitian for 12 weeks according to individual-specific and daily energy needs and weight loss was not targeted. Patients were interviewed weekly to assess adherence to the study protocol and food consumption was recorded at each interview; those who complied with the weekly planned menus by less than eighty percent were excluded from the study.