anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Cerebral radiation necrosis (RN), a severe complication of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), has been shown to significantly decrease patient survival time and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether bevacizumab can prevent or reduce the occurrence of SRT-induced cerebral RN in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of NSCLC patients with brain metastases from March 2013 to June 2023 who were treated with SRT. Patients were divided into two groups: those in the bevacizumab group received SRT with four cycles of bevacizumab, and patients in the control group received SRT only. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was performed based on a multinomial propensity score model to balance the baseline characteristics. The chi-square test was used. A Cox model was used to evaluate overall survival (OS).
RESULTS: A total of 80 patients were enrolled, namely, 28 patients in the bevacizumab group and 52 patients in the control group. The possibility of developing cerebral RN and/or symptomatic edema (RN/SE) was significantly decreased in patients treated with bevacizumab compared to those who did not receive bevacizumab before IPTW (p=0.036) and after IPTW (p=0.015) according to chi-square analysis. The IPTW-adjusted median OS was 47.7 months (95% CI 27.4-80.8) for patients in the bevacizumab group and 44.1 months (95% CI 36.7-68.0) (p=0.364) for patients in the control group.
CONCLUSION: The application of bevacizumab concurrent with SRT may prevent or reduce the occurrence of cerebral RN in NSCLC patients with brain metastases.
BACKGROUND: PA is vital for secondary prevention in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), but their physical activity (PA) levels are low, and the underlying interaction pathways among associated factors are poorly understood. This study aims to identify mediating and moderating effects of determinants on PA behavior in older adults with SCD using the capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior model.
METHODS: Following the STROBE checklist, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among 289 older adults with SCD. Path regression, mediation effects, and moderation effects were used to explore the associated factors of PA behavior and the associations among these variables.
RESULTS: The prevalence of physical inactivity among older adults with SCD was high (40.3%). The path model fit indices were χ2/df = 1.145, GFI = 0.968, CFI = 0.988, and RMSEA = 0.022. Path regression revealed that frailty, physical and social support, PA motivation, and fall history had significant direct association with PA behavior. PA motivation not only partially mediates between frailty and PA behavior but also partially mediates between physical and social support and PA behavior. Additionally, fall history moderated the relationship between frailty and PA behavior.
CONCLUSION: PA behavior in older adults with SCD requires improvement. Healthcare professionals should devise more effective interventions to boost PA behavior by enhancing motivation. Screening for frailty and addressing fall history, while providing sufficient physical and social support, is crucial.
While some of these tools have helped to guide therapy in patients with prostate cancer, they are imperfect and as a result many men undergo unnecessary treatment for a disease that would not have caused their deaths. An improved method to risk stratify men with prostate cancer prior to definitive therapy may reduce the over-treatment rate, while maintaining or improving mortality.

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a novel imaging modality that uses low-intensity, near-infrared light to characterize tissue. DOT analyzes the light being reflected and transmitted through tissue to generate three-dimensional images of chromophores and light scattering. As such, DOT serves as a functional imaging modality, measuring both tissue vascularity and architecture. The investigators believe that DOT will be able to detect prostate cancer in men suspected of the disease and will also be able to risk-stratify patients found to have prostate cancer to help guide treatment options. DOT may be able to directly measure two factors important in the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer: the Gleason score and microvessel density (MVD).
The invention mainly relates to a cancellous bone-reinforcing formula for treating osteoporosis and a preparation technology of the cancellous bone-reinforcing formula. The formula comprises the following active ingredients in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 9-11 parts of radix aconiti lateralis preparata, 16-20 parts of cornu cervi degelatinatum, 15-21 parts of radix polygoni multiflori, 14-16 pars of epimedium brevicornum maxim, 13-17 parts of rhizoma drynariae, 4-6 parts of notoginseng powder and 13-17 parts of radix puerariae. The cancellous bone-reinforcing formula has the effects of tonifying qi and the kidney, strengthening tendons and bones, warming yang and dredging vessels, and regulating qi to alleviate pain, can effectively treat primary and secondary osteoporosis, and has significant curative effects on back and waist or whole body cold pain, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, severe pain in cold weather, pant and weakness, incapability of lifting heavy weights and sitting for a long time, tongue somberness, a white tongue coating, deep and thin pulse, sluggish stringy pulse and the like. In the preparation technology, one half of astragalus membranaceus as well as epimedium brevicornum maxim and rhizoma drynariae is decocted; the other half of astragalus membranaceus as well as radix aconiti lateralis preparata, cornu cervi degelatinatum, radix polygoni multiflori and notoginseng powder are made into powder. Thus, the drug effect of the prepared cancellous bone-reinforcing formula is significant. The cancellous bone-reinforcing formula and the manufacturing technology are suitable for popularization and application.
Accumulating data on early intervention for preterm infants illustrated short-term benefits on enhancing child development and decreasing parental stress, particularly for those of heavier birth weights. However, rare studies had designed early intervention program for small preterm infants and longitudinally examined the effectiveness in various outcome domains. Our research team recently conducted a clinical randomization trial on the effectiveness of three early intervention programs: usual care program (UCP), clinic-based intervention program (CBIP) and home-based intervention program (HBIP) on very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight \<1,500 g) preterm infants from the neonatal period to two years corrected age (CA). The latter two were comprehensive, intensive intervention programs that combined child- and parent-focused services beginning in hospitalization and ending at one year CA as delivered at clinic and home respectively. This three-year research project has extended our previous work to longitudinally examine the effectiveness of the three intervention programs in 180 VLBW preterm infants at 3 and 4 years of age. Sixty full-term infants will also be included to serve as the reference group. Outcome measures will include child (i.e., health, growth, neurodevelopment and behavior), parenting (i.e., parental stress, competency, efficacy and family support) and mother-child transactions (i.e., free-play and frustrating episode). The longitudinal data on the effectiveness of these early intervention programs for VLBW preterm infants will provide important information to help early intervention professionals and public policy makers to develop effective intervention for preterm children at risk for developmental problems.
Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including amikacin should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When amikacin is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by amikacin or other antibacterial drugs in the future. 

Diarrhea is a common problem caused by antibiotics which usually ends when the antibiotic is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibiotics, patients can develop watery and bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever) even as late as two or more months after having taken the last dose of the antibiotic. If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most debilitating age-related disorders that affect people globally. It impacts social and cognitive behavior of the individual and is characterized by phosphorylated tau and Aβ accumulation. Astrocytesmaintain a quiescent, anti-inflammatory state on anatomical level, expressing few cytokines and exhibit phagocytic activity to remove misfolded proteins. But in AD, in response to specific stimuli, astrocytes overstimulate their phagocytic character with overexpressing cytokine gene modules. Upon interaction with generated Aβ and neurofibrillary tangle, astrocytes that are continuously activated release a large number of inflammatory cytokines. This cytokine storm leads to neuroinflammation which is also one of the recognizable features of AD. Astrogliosis eventually promotes cholinergic dysfunction, calcium imbalance, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity. Furthermore, C5aR1, Lcn2/, BDNF/TrkB and PPARα/TFEB signaling dysregulation has a major impact on the disease progression. This review clarifies numerous ways that lead to astrogliosis, which is stimulated by a variety of processes that exacerbate AD pathology and make it a suitable target for AD treatment. Drugs under clinical and preclinical investigations that target several pathways managing astrogliosis and are efficacious in ameliorating the pathology of the disease are also included in this study. D-ALA2GIP, TRAM-34, Genistein, L-serine, MW150 and XPro1595 are examples of few drugs targeting astrogliosis. Therefore, this study may aid in the development of a potent therapeutic agent for ameliorating astrogliosis mediated AD progression.
Over an 8-month period, patients in the Patient-Guided intervention condition will receive four educational modules and twelve transplant education postcards in the mail. Modules will be mailed once every other month and consist of an introductory letter, a transplant video, and printed resources. Transplant education postcard will be mailed every two weeks following the mailing of each module, for a total of three postcards over the course of 6-weeks.
This is a first-in-human (FIH) study of 42037788 (referred to as CNTO 0007), a cell therapy being tested to see if it may be useful in treating patients with ischemic cerebral infarction also known as stroke. Patients will be randomized (assigned by chance) to receive a single dose of CNTO 0007 or placebo (identical in appearance to CNTO 0007 but does not contain cells) by intravenous (IV) infusion (injection directly into a vein). Patients and study staff will not know if patients are assigned CNTO 0007 or the placebo. The study will be conducted in 2 stages (Stage A and Stage B). In Stage A, the highest dose of CNTO 0007 that does not cause unacceptable side effects, referred to as the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) will be determined to and administered to patients in Stage B of the study. In Stage A, 5 (up to 7) cohorts (groups) of 4-8 patients each will be administered a single IV infusion of CNTO 0007 or placebo 1-5 days (depending on cohort) after stroke (the first cohort of patients will receive the lowest dose of CNTO 0007 or placebo and each subsequent cohort will be administered a higher dose of CNTO 0007 or placebo until the MTD is determined). In Stage B, patients will be administered a single IV infusion of the MTD within a specified number of days after stroke.
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease which affects approximately 70,000 patients in Hong Kong and 50 billion people worldwide. Among these patients, one-third remained unresponsive to antiepileptic agents. Continual drug manipulation is an essential therapeutic option for these patients with refractory epilepsy. In particular, rational polytherapy has become the mainstay of treatment for the sub-group of patients who have failed two or more antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).

Using AEDs with different mechanisms of action is a strategy adopted by many doctors around the world. In this regard, perampanel (PER) is an agent which is first in its class, with specific antagonistic action on ionotropic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptor of post-synaptic neurons. The pharmacokinetics of PER suggested that it has a half-life of approximately 105 hours and the steady-state concentrations that can be reached in 14 days. PER is approximately 95% bound to plasma proteins. This metabolism is mediated by CYP 3A4 or CYP 3A5. The usual dosage of PER is between 2mg and 12 mg. PER can be administered once daily.

A total of five clinical studies demonstrated the efficacy of PER among patients with refractory epilepsy. These were all double-blind studies and all of them evaluated the 50% responder rate as a seizure outcome. The corresponding risk ratio for 50% responder rates for 4mg, 8mg and 12mg were 1.54, 1.8 and 1.72. The most common treatment-emergent adverse effects were dizziness, drowsiness, headache, fatigue, nasopharyngitis. The pooled results suggested that a higher dose was more efficacious if the side effects could be tolerated. There was an on-going study on the use of PER among patients with secondarily generalized seizures. Perampanel has been approved in many countries such as USA, EU, Australia, Canada, Switzerland, Singapore, and Malaysia, as an adjunctive therapy for refractory partial seizures with or without secondary generalisation among patients above 12 years of age.

A substantial amount of research has shown that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA) may play a key role in the pathophysiology of several neurological diseases, including epilepsy. Animal models of epilepsy and clinical studies demonstrate that NMDA receptors activity and expression can be altered in association with epilepsy and particularly in some specific seizure types. NMDA receptor antagonists have been shown to have antiepileptic effects in both clinical and preclinical studies. There is some evidence that conventional antiepileptic drugs may also affect NMDA receptor function.
BACKGROUND: Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (RIR) is implicated in various forms of optic neuropathies, yet effective treatments are lacking. RIR leads to the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and subsequent vision loss, posing detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. Apigenin (API), derived from a wide range of sources, has been reported to exert protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injuries in various organs, such as the brain, kidney, myocardium, and liver. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of API and its underlying mechanisms on RGC degeneration induced by retinal ischemia/reperfusion (RIR).
METHODS: An in vivo model was induced by anterior chamber perfusion following intravitreal injection of API one day prior to the procedure. Meanwhile, an in vitro model was established through 1% oxygen and glucose deprivation. The neuroprotective effects of API were evaluated using H&E staining, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), Fluoro-Gold retrograde labeling, and Photopic negative response (PhNR). Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to observe mitochondrial crista morphology and integrity. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of API, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, flow cytometry assay, western blot, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, JC-1 kit assay, dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay, as well as TMRE and Mito-tracker staining were conducted.
RESULTS: API treatment protected retinal inner plexiform layer (IPL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC), and improved the function of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Additionally, API reduced RGC apoptosis and decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release by upregulating Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, while downregulating Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression. Furthermore, API increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decreased extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These effects were achieved by enhancing mitochondrial function, restoring mitochondrial cristae morphology and integrity, and regulating the expression of OPA1, MFN2, and DRP1, thereby regulating mitochondrial dynamics involving fusion and fission.
CONCLUSION: API protects RGCs against RIR injury by modulating mitochondrial dynamics, promoting mitochondrial fusion and fission.
Enfortumab vedotin-ejfv is an ADC. The antibody is a human IgG1 kappa directed against Nectin-4, an adhesion protein located on the surface of cells. The small molecule, MMAE, is a microtubule-disrupting agent, attached to the antibody via a protease-cleavable linker. Nonclinical data suggest that the anticancer activity of enfortumab vedotin-ejfv is due to the binding of the ADC to Nectin-4-expressing cells, followed by internalization of the ADC-Nectin-4 complex, and the release of MMAE via proteolytic cleavage. Release of MMAE disrupts the microtubule network within the cell, subsequently inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The combination of enfortumab vedotin-ejfv with a PD-1 blocking antibody resulted in up-regulation of immune function and increased anti-tumor activity in syngeneic mouse tumor models expressing Nectin-4.
Alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD) is a non-absorbable and soluble fiber that causes weight loss. We studied whether this is due to an effect on GLP-1 secretion. In GLUTag cells, α-CD increased GLP-1 secretion up to 170% via adenylyl cyclase, phospholipase C, and L-type calcium channels dependent processes. In rat isolated colon perfusions, luminal α-CD increased GLP-1 secretion with 20%. In lean mice, once daily α-CD versus saline caused weight loss and lowered the peak in glucose after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In obese mice, α-CD added to high-fat diet caused weight loss similar to the control group (receiving cellulose). However, compared to cellulose, the α-CD group ate less. During an OGTT, no differences were observed in glucose, insulin and GLP-1. Thus, α-CD increases GLP-1 secretion in a dose-dependent manner and could be a safe and easy addition to food products to help reduce body weight.
Ciprofloxacin Injection, USP is a synthetic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent for intravenous (I.V.) administration. Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid. Its empirical formula is C17H18FN3O3 and its chemical structure is:

Ciprofloxacin is a faint to light yellow crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 331.4. It is soluble in dilute (0.1N) hydrochloric acid and is practically insoluble in water and ethanol. Ciprofloxacin Injection, USP is available as a sterile 1% aqueous concentrate, which is intended for dilution prior to administration. The formula contains lactic acid as a solubilizing agent and hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment. The pH range for the 1% aqueous concentrate in vials is 3.3 to 3.9.
The impact of stroke is shared between the stroke survivor and their spousal/partner caregiver (carepartner). An estimated 30-50% of stroke survivors and carepartners experience depressive or anxiety symptoms that negatively affect rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life. Yet, interventions to support couples post-stroke are largely insufficient or inaccessible. To address this need, we developed a novel remotely-delivered dyadic intervention to promote Resilience in Stroke survivor-carepartner Dyads (ReStoreD), in which couples learn and practice goal-setting, communication strategies, and positive psychology activities like expressing gratitude, finding meaning, and fostering connections. Preliminary pilot study results were promising, showing reduced depressive symptoms and increased resilience in participants. The purpose of the current study is to conduct a Stage II efficacy trial of the 8-week ReStoreD intervention with a sample of 200 dyads (n=400) consisting of one individual who has sustained an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke between 3 months and 3 years prior to enrollment and a cohabitating carepartner. Using a fully-powered, randomized waitlist-control design, we will determine efficacy of ReStoreD to reduce emotional distress in both dyad members (Aim 1). We will also examine effects of ReStoreD on secondary outcomes (resilience, relationship quality, stress-related stroke, meaningful activity engagement) as potential mediators (Aim 2), and explore moderators to determine whether certain subgroups respond better to the intervention (Aim 3). All participants will complete standardized, validated assessments at baseline, 8 weeks, 16 weeks, and 6-month follow up. All aspects of the study, including intervention activities and assessments, are conducted remotely, online.

This is the first rigorously designed efficacy trial to test a positive psychology intervention for stroke survivors and their carepartners. When the aims of this study are realized, we will 1) have a remotely-delivered, dyadic intervention to support couples post-stroke; 2) have a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the intervention's effect on emotional distress, and can use this information to inform future interventions; and 3) be able to identify a more specific target population for whom the intervention works best. Ultimately, if found efficacious, this intervention will offer sustainable and accessible support for couples who are coping with stroke to improve rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life.