anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
All EUS-GE procedures were performed under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. A forward-viewing gastroscope or side-viewing duodenoscope is first inserted into the site of the obstruction and a 0.025- or 0.035-inch stiff GW is placed down-stream of the jejunum beyond the obstruction as far as possible. Then, oral enteral tube is placed where the jejunum intended for stent placement under fluoroscopic guidance. After exchanging to EUS endoscope, the target jejunum is visualized by EUS after continuously injection of mixed saline and contrast medium. Finally, the gastrojejunostomy stent is directly advanced from the gastric wall into the target jejunum by AXIOS-EC delivery system.
Carcinogenesis 

Orally administered spironolactone has been shown to be a tumorigen in dietary administration studies performed in Sprague Dawley rats, with its proliferative effects manifested on endocrine organs and the liver. In an 18-month study using doses of about 50, 150, and 500 mg/kg/day, there were statistically significant increases in benign adenomas of the thyroid and testes and, in male rats, a dose-related increase in proliferative changes in the liver (including hepatocytomegaly and hyperplastic nodules). In 24-month studies in which rats were the same strain of rat was administered doses of about 10, 30, 100, and 150 mg spironolactone/kg/day, the range of proliferative effects included significant increases in hepatocellular adenomas and testicular interstitial cell tumors in males, and significant increases in thyroid follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas in both sexes. There was also a statistically significant, increase in benign uterine endometrial stromal polyps in females. 

Mutagenesis 

Neither spironolactone nor potassium canrenoate produced mutagenic effects in tests using bacteria or yeast. In the absence of metabolic activation, neither spironolactone nor potassium canrenoate has been shown to be mutagenic in mammalian tests in vitro. In the presence of metabolic activation, spironolactone has been reported to be negative in some mammalian mutagenicity tests in vitro and inconclusive (but slightly positive) for mutagenicity in other mammalian tests in vitro. In the presence of metabolic activation, potassium canrenoate has been reported to test positive for mutagenicity in some mammalian tests in vitro, inconclusive in others, and negative in still others. 

Impairment of Fertility 

In a three-litter reproduction study in which female rats received dietary doses of 15 mg and 50 mg spironolactone/kg/day, there were no effects on mating and fertility, but there was a small increase in incidence of stillborn pups at 50 mg/kg/day. When injected into female rats (100 mg/kg/day for 7 days, i.p.), spironolactone was found to increase the length of the estrous cycle by prolonging diestrus during treatment and inducing constant diestrus during a two-week post-treatment observation period. These effects were associated with retarded ovarian follicle development and a reduction in circulating estrogen levels, which would be expected to impair mating, fertility, and fecundity. Spironolactone (100 mg/kg/day), administered i.p. to female mice during a two-week cohabitation period with untreated males, decreased the number of mated mice that conceived (effect shown to be caused by an inhibition of ovulation) and decreased the number of implanted embryos in those that became pregnant (effect shown to be caused by an inhibition of implantation), and at 200 mg/kg, also increased the latency period to mating.
BACKGROUND: The hypothalamus may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Investigating hypothalamus dysfunction in schizophrenia and probing how it is related to symptoms and responds to antipsychotic medication is crucial for understanding the potential mechanism of hypothalamus dysfunction under the long-term illness.
METHODS: We recruited 216 patients with schizophrenia, including 140 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients (FES, including 44 patients with 1-year follow-up data), 76 chronically treated schizophrenia (CTS), and 210 healthy controls (HC). Hypothalamic seed-based functional connectivity (FC) was calculated and compared among the FES, CTS, and HC groups using analysis of covariance. Exploratory analysis was conducted between the FES patients at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. Significantly altered hypothalamic FCs were then related to clinical symptomology, while age- and illness-related regression analyses were also conducted and compared between diagnostic groups.
RESULTS: The FES patients showed decreased hypothalamic FCs with the midbrain and right thalamus, whereas the CTS patients showed more severe decreased hypothalamic FCs with the midbrain, right thalamus, left putamen, right caudate, and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex compared to HCs. These abnormalities were not correlated to the symptomology or illness duration, or not reversed by the antipsychotic treatment. Age-related hypothalamic FC decrease was also identified in the abovementioned regions, and a faster age-related decline of the hypothalamic FC was observed with the left putamen and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex.
CONCLUSION: Age-related hypothalamic FC decrease extends the functional alterations that characterize the neurodegenerative nature of schizophrenia. Future studies are required to further probe the hormonal or endocrinal underpinnings of such alterations and trace the precise progressive trajectories.
Semaglutide, added to standard of care, starting dose of 0.25mg titrated up to 1mg dose. for a total of 16 weeks.
A system 10 for supporting a user's life style such as their fitness or medical condition includes a plurality of users' communications end stations 12, 18, 22 connected through at least two communications bearers such as wireless operators 14, telecom operators 20 or internet 24 to a proactive service server 28 by means of a communications bearers gateway 16, the server having a geographic location unit. A user profile, which is associated with a user upon registering to the service, is preferably periodically updated based on messages received from the user who wishes to be supported in following up an individual regimen tailored for him. Messages reporting the condition in which the user is being are received also from care service providers associated with the user. A set of supporting measures and a set of respective thresholds accommodated to the user are associated with a user according to his profile. The user profile is preferably periodically updated and analyzed, trends and deviations from the anticipated levels derived in accordance with the updated user profiles are automatically estimated. If deviations from the planned levels exceed respective thresholds the system preferably automatically activates respective supporting measures addressed to the respective user. The supporting measures provided could include notices, encouragements, winning a prize, warnings and alerts communicated to the user and/or to respective care service providers and are preferably tailored according to the location of the user.
Patients randomized to Control group will receive placebo (D5W) in addition to N-acetylcysteine. Study participants will receive study drug (fomepizole or placebo) throughout the study.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world, and the prevalence is increasing in the United States. Hepatectomy is still considered as the potentially curative treatment for HCC. Unfortunately, long-term survival after hepatectomy is still unsatisfactory because of the high incidence of tumor recurrence, especially intrahepatic recurrence.

Stage IIIA hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) include multiple tumors more than 5 cm or tumor involving a major branch of the portal or hepatic vein(s) in the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM staging for liver tumors, sixth edition 2002. Until now there are controversies in the management of Stage IIIA HCC. According to the Barcelona -Clinic-Liver-Cancer (BCLC) proposal, Stage IIIA HCC represented as intermediate or advanced disease. The European Association for Study of the Liver (EASL) and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) recommended randomized controlled trials of chemoembolization or new agents for such stage of disease. Whereas in Asian areas, such as China or Japan, partial hepatectomy or reductive surgery (with or without adjuvant therapy) was performed for multiple advanced HCC or tumor with a major branch of the portal or hepatic vein(s) invasion, although no prospective study to assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety. On the other hand, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most widely used primary treatment for unresectable HCC. It was also used as the optional treatment of relapsed disease. However, the efficacy of TACE used as adjuvant therapy following hepatectomy remains controversial. Neither are there large randomized controlled trials to address this field. Therefore, a randomized controlled trial was performed in our cancer center to compare hepatectomy with adjuvant TACE and hepatectomy alone for the Stage IIIA HCC.
A phase II randomized trial 3:2 with short course radiotherapy followed by mFOLFOX chemotherapy prior to trans abdominal resection with or without an antiCD40 agonist antibody (APX005M). There will be continuous safety assessment for at least 6 patients. Planned accrual of 58 patients. An interim analysis after 30 patients have completed treatment and there will be early stopping criteria for futility or efficacy. Short course radiotherapy will consist of 5Gy x 5 to the pelvis and patients on APX005M arm will receive one infusion during radiotherapy course, have a two week break, then start FOLFOX with APX005M in conjunction with five out of six cycles of chemotherapy. Patients will be restaged and then undergo definitive surgery.
SCIO-469 belongs to a new class of treatment that inhibits p38 MAP kinase. p38 MAPK activation controls the production of TNF-a, VEGF, and IL-1b. As an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, SCIO-469 blocks the synthesis of these molecules, as well as TNF-a activity. This randomized, open-label, modified dose-ascension study is designed to assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of oral SCIO-469 in the treatment of patients with MDS. This patient group was selected because of the inhibitory effect of SCIO-469 on the expression and activity of cytokines that play a role in the progression of MDS. The treatment arms will be 30, 60 , 90, or 120 mg tid with 15 subjects per arm (total of 60 subjects) and each arm may expand to 25 subjects per arm (maximum total of 100 subjects). Initially, subjects will be randomly assigned to one of the lowest two treatment arms (30 mg tid or 60 mg tid). When 6 subjects per arm (at least 12 subjects total) have received study drug for at least 4 weeks, predefined criteria will be used to determine whether to open randomization into the third arm (i.e., 90 mg tid). The criteria will be based on the number of subjects who have had to suspend study drug due to drug-related toxicity. The 120-mg tid arm will be open for enrollment after 15 subjects have been enrolled into each of the first three treatment arms; the decision to open enrollment will be similar to the criteria used to open the third arm. Subjects will be evaluated at least monthly for safety and some efficacy measurements (AE reporting, safety labs and vitals). Subjects will receive study drug for 16 weeks. Subjects who demonstrate hematologic improvement (erythroid, platelet, or neutrophil response by IWG criteria) at week 16 will be eligible to continue treatment at the same dose of study drug for up to 36 additional weeks (52 weeks of total drug exposure). Subjects who do not meet the IWG criteria for hematologic improvement at week 16 but who, in the judgment of the investigator, experience clinical benefit may also receive up to 36 additional weeks of treatment. The same judgments for treatment extensions of additional 26 weeks in responding subjects will be made at 52 weeks and 78 weeks; maximum total drug exposure will be 104 weeks. All subjects will be followed for 4 weeks after the last study drug treatment for safety assessments or until resolution of Grade 3 or greater treatment-related toxicity as defined by NCI CTCAE (v. 3.0).

Oral SCIO-469 given for 16 weeks to patients with MDS. Subjects will receive a total daily dose of SCIO-469 of 90 mg, 180 mg, 270 mg, or 360 mg. The treatment arms will be 30-mg tablet tid, 60-mg tablet tid, 90-mg tablet tid, or 120 mg (i.e., two 60-mg tablets) tid with 15 subjects per arm (total of 60 subjects). Responding subjects may dose for up to 104 weeks total drug exposure.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently extract an effective component from Melia Azadirachta at a low temperature in a short time by subjecting the bark, leaves, blossoms, fruits or root part of the Melia Azadirachta to extraction treatment with a supercritical fluid. SOLUTION: The medicinal properties are extracted from MELIA Azadirachta with a supercritical fluid such as carbon dioxide, ethylene or propane gas. Supercritical carbon dioxide is preferably used in consideration of operability, toxicity and the handling of an extract. Since supercritical carbon dioxide has a density close to that of liquefied carbon dioxide, high solvent power and a high diffusion coefficient, a high extraction rate is attained, and rapid extraction is enabled because of low viscosity. Since supercritical carbon dioxide becomes gas at normal temperature and normal pressure, solvent treatment operation after extraction is unnecessary. Extraction temperature is preferably in the range of 32-80 deg.C and the extraction pressure is preferably in the range of 73-250 kg/m2. Extraction is efficiently carried out in about 16-60 min.  After extraction, an expansion nozzle is released to give normal temperature and normal pressure and the extract can easily be collected.
As the population ages and the number of prevalent strokes increases recurrent stroke is becoming an increasingly important health care burden. National and local data strongly suggest that this burden falls disproportionately on minority populations, notably Blacks and Hispanics. This study seeks to determine the factors that contribute to that disparity and design and implement a novel intervention tailored to alleviate the factors identified. Specifically it will focus on causes of under-use of stroke preventive measures demonstrated in randomized clinical trials to be efficacious, but not appropriately utilized in urban, minority populations.

In the first phase of the study, charts of acute stroke patients in 4 large urban hospitals that serve the 3 racial/ethnic groups under study (Blacks, Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites) will be reviewed to determine the magnitude of under-use of these measures. Simultaneously, a panel of local expert physicians will finalize the proposed criteria for appropriate attention to risk factor assessment and modification. In the second phase of the proposed work, we will conduct a randomized trial intervention strategy that will include a control arm, and a patient educational arm where participants will be enrolled in a Chronic Disease Self Management Program. The program is designed to teach patients tools for managing their chronic illness which will empower them to improve their overall health. The program will be specifically tailored for patients living with asymptomatic chronic illnesses and will emphasize communication with health care providers. The educational intervention will be accompanied by a two-phased chart abstraction to measure clinical markers pre and post intervention. In the final phase of the study, the results of the trial will be analyzed and the results disseminated
Elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) within pathological tissues (e.g., tumors, obstructed kidneys, and cirrhotic livers) creates a significant hindrance to the transport of nanomedicine, ultimately impairing the therapeutic efficiency. Among these tissues, solid tumors present the most challenging scenario. While several strategies through reducing tumor IFP have been devised to enhance nanoparticle delivery, few approaches focus on modulating the intrinsic properties of nanoparticles to effectively counteract IFP during extravasation and penetration, which are precisely the stages obstructed by elevated IFP. Herein, we propose an innovative solution by engineering nanoparticles with a fusiform shape of high curvature, enabling efficient surmounting of IFP barriers during extravasation and penetration within tumor tissues. Through experimental and theoretical analyses, we demonstrate that the elongated nanoparticles with the highest mean curvature outperform spherical and rod-shaped counterparts against elevated IFP, leading to superior intratumoral accumulation and antitumor efficacy. Super-resolution microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations uncover the underlying mechanisms in which the high curvature contributes to diminished drag force in surmounting high-pressure differentials during extravasation. Simultaneously, the facilitated rotational movement augments the hopping frequency during penetration. This study effectively addresses the limitations posed by high-pressure impediments, uncovers the mutual interactions between the physical properties of NPs and their environment, and presents a promising avenue for advancing cancer treatment through nanomedicine.
OBJECTIVE: Real-world data on cardiopulmonary events among pregnant women receiving β-agonist therapy are scarce. In the present study, we aimed to examine the absolute and relative risks of maternal cardiopulmonary events associated with the use of β-agonist ritodrine during pregnancy.
METHODS: By linking Taiwan's National Birth Certificate Application Database with National Health Insurance data, 1 831 564 pregnancies at ≥20 weeks' gestation were identified. Age-standardized incidence rates of cardiopulmonary events among pregnant women exposed to ritodrine were estimated. Nested case-control analyses were conducted to evaluate the relative risk of pulmonary edema, heart failure, and arrhythmia associated with prior ritodrine use. Cases and controls were matched using risk set sampling, and adjusted odds ratios were estimated using conditional logistic regression models.
RESULTS: A total of 189 cases of pulmonary edema, 126 cases of heart failure, and 162 cases of arrhythmia were identified (corresponding age-standardized incidence rates: 20.90, 8.35, and 16.63 per 100 000 among pregnant women only exposed to oral ritodrine; 91.28, 36.01, and 14.61 per 100 000 among those ever exposed to intravenous ritodrine). Exposure to oral ritodrine was associated with a lower increased risk of pulmonary edema (aOR 1.76; 95% CI: 1.12-2.76) and arrhythmia (2.21; 1.47-3.32) whereas exposure to ritodrine injection was associated with a significantly higher risk of pulmonary edema (10.56; 6.39-17.45), arrhythmia (4.15; 1.99-8.64), and heart failure (5.58; 2.27-13.74).
CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women receiving intravenous ritodrine therapy had higher cardiopulmonary risks and should be intensively monitored. While the relative risk associated with oral ritodrine is not pronounced, it should be used judiciously among pregnant women as well.
A predetermined configuration is imparted to human hair by contacting it before it is confined or after it is confined in the predetermined configuration with an aqueous solution containing 3-20% by weight of an N-alkanoyl cysteine having up to 10 carbon atoms in the alkanoyl radical or an N-aroylcysterine having up to 12 carbon atoms in the aroyl radical and having a pH of 7-9.5 for from 10 minutes to 12 hours and then subjecting it to oxidizing conditions.  The N-alkanoyl-cysteine may be N-acetylcysteine, N-butyrylcysteine, N-valerylcysteine, N-caproylcysteine or N-heptenoylcysteine and the N-aryolcysteine may be N-benzoyl cysteine, N-toluoylcysteine, N-ethylbenzoyl cysteine or N-propylbenzoylcysteine.  The solution may be adjusted to the desired pH by the addition of sodium hydroxide, ammonia, potassium hydroxide, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, manoethanolamine, ethylenediamine, piperazine, tetramethylenediamine, or the sodium, potassium or ammonium salts of lactic, acetic, carbonic or citric acids.  The solution may also contain welting agents, e.g. sodium and potassium salts of alkyl sulphuric, alkyl sulphonic or aralkylsulphonic acids having at least 12 carbon atoms, polyethylene oxides and polypropylene oxides and the ethers and esters thereof, swelling agents, e.g. urea, thiourea, methylurea, ethylurea and thermineral acid salts of guanidine, thickeners, e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylates, polystyrene, emulsified oils, lanolin, chlorinated hydrocarbons, pectins and gums, perfumes, silicones, dyes, disodium ethylene diamine tetracetic acid and agents preventing over processing of the hair, e.g. ammonium chloride, sulphate and phosphate.  The fixing may be effected by exposure of the hair to air for a prolonged period or by the use of hydrogen peroxide or an alkali metal bromate, iodate or perborate.  Straight hair may be curled and curled hair straightened by the process.
Weight gain has been observed with atypical antipsychotic use. Clinical monitoring of weight is recommended. 

Data on mean changes in body weight and the proportion of subjects meeting a weight gain criterion of 7% or greater of body weight from seven placebo-controlled, 3- to 8- week, fixed- or flexible-dose studies in adult subjects with schizophrenia or bipolar mania are presented in Table 6.

In longer term, controlled and uncontrolled studies, risperidone was associated with a mean change in weight of +4.3 kg at Week 24 (n = 395) and +5.3 kg at Week 48 (n = 203). 

Data on mean changes in body weight and the proportion of subjects meeting the criterion of ≥7% gain in body weight from nine placebo-controlled, 3- to 8-week, fixed-dose studies in children and adolescents with schizophrenia (13 to 17 years of age), bipolar mania (10 to 17 years of age), autistic disorder (5 to 17 years of age), or other psychiatric disorders (5 to 17 years of age) are presented in Table 7.

In longer term, uncontrolled, open-label extension pediatric studies, risperidone was associated with a mean change in weight of +5.5 kg at Week 24 (n = 748) and +8 kg at Week 48 (n = 242).

In a long-term, open-label extension study in adolescent patients with schizophrenia, weight increase was reported as a treatment-emergent adverse event in 14% of patients. In 103 adolescent patients with schizophrenia, a mean increase of 9 kg was observed after 8 months of risperidone treatment. The majority of that increase was observed within the first 6 months. The average percentiles at baseline and 8 months, respectively, were 56 and 72 for weight, 55 and 58 for height, and 51 and 71 for body mass index. 

In long-term, open-label trials (studies in patients with autistic disorder or other psychiatric disorders), a mean increase of 7.5 kg after 12 months of risperidone treatment was observed, which was higher than the expected normal weight gain (approximately 3 to 3.5 kg per year adjusted for age, based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention normative data). The majority of that increase occurred within the first 6 months of exposure to risperidone. The average percentiles at baseline and 12 months, respectively, were 49 and 60 for weight, 48 and 53 for height, and 50 and 62 for body mass index. 

In one 3-week, placebo-controlled trial in children and adolescent patients with acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder, increases in body weight were higher in the risperidone groups than the placebo group, but not dose related (1.90 kg in the risperidone 0.5 mg to 2.5 mg group, 1.44 kg in the risperidone 3 mg to 6 mg group, and 0.65 kg in the placebo group). A similar trend was observed in the mean change from baseline in body mass index. 

When treating pediatric patients with risperidone for any indication, weight gain should be assessed against that expected with normal growth.