anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Efficacy to drugs that are currently available and new antimalarial candidates that are in development are threatened by multidrug resistant (MDR) malaria parasites, widely prevalent in Cambodia. Without effective interventions, MDR malaria can pose a substantial public health threat in the years to come. Therefore, accurate, timely and relevant data on antimalarial drug resistance is of critical importance. Prompt, effective and well-tolerated treatment remains one of the cornerstones in the malaria case management. Recent malaria outbreak in Thailand and rise of malaria cases observed in Cambodia in 2017 has brought to the forefront the urgency with which new drug candidates and new combination drug treatments must be identified; otherwise, patients may be left with ineffective treatments. Lack of available alternatives has a potential to result in significant setback to the recent gains in malaria control and malaria elimination efforts. Innovative approaches to treatment proposed here, using current ACTs in combination with non-ACT drugs, such as atovaquone-proguanil, need to be investigated to assess drug tolerability and overall efficacy when used under combination treatment. By early investment in the studies of drugs such as pyronaridine-artesunate (ASPY), in combination with other antimalarials, and drug combinations proposed under this protocol, this study will try to provide the latest evidence on the interventions that are most likely to work, even in areas of MDR, such as Cambodia, and along the Cambodia-Thai border. It is hoped that our approach for using combination treatments will not only provide more effective treatments, but it might prolong the lifespan of the remaining antimalarials and delay the spread of MDR malaria to neighboring countries.
Black Americans and those of lower socioeconomic position (SEP) are at higher risk for multiple diseases of aging and shorter lifespans. Though these disparities are well-documented, the mechanisms that may account for them are still poorly understood. Low income or Black race do not, themselves, cause individuals to become sick. Instead, the social context and exposures associated with these personal attributes give rise to differential risk (1-3). Black race and lower SEP are overlapping in the United States and race and SEP may share common social exposures that contribute to disease risk because both Blacks and individuals of lower SEP are socially marginalized (e.g., devalued, pushed to the lower margins of society) and thus exposed to more stress associated with lower hierarchical rank (4). However, no studies to our knowledge have been designed to examine whether day-to-day social exposures common across race and SEP may contribute to higher overall disease burden in these groups. In this project, investigators examine whether daily social interaction patterns help to explain how race and SEP may be linked with well-established psychobiological pathways to disease (affect, behavior, and physiology). With respect to each of these pathways, investigators examine the extent to which within-person changes in social processes may be associated with effects that mirror (and thus could explain) between-group differences. For example, interactions in which one experiences a higher degree of disrespect may be associated with momentary changes in affect, behavior, and physiology that confer disease risk. Examination of these within-person processes allows for stronger causal inference and is directly relevant to the development of individual-level interventions (e.g., targeting cognitive, behavioral, and affective processes). These findings can directly inform individual and group interventions for stress reduction in health disparity populations.
Muscle fatigue was a common problem after exercise. When fatigue occured, body functions were affected and changed. Changbai Mountain ginseng had higher anti-fatigue substances than general commercial ginseng. And recent studies had showed that the supplementation of branched chain amino acids (BCAA), including leucine, isoleucine and valine, can increase attention and reduce fatigue. However, its effect on Changbai Mountain ginseng combined with BCAA was still unclear. Subjects were allocated to Gojinsen® drinks and placebo group (1:1 ratio) for 14 days, and then examined by maximal oxygen consumption, time to exhaustion, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), oxygen saturation (SPO2) , blood lactate concentration, and continuous attention performance test (CPT II). The Gojinsen® group significant increased maximal oxygen consumption, time to exhaustion, and attention compared to placebo group. Moreover, the Gojinsen® group significant decreased lactate concentration and fatigue compared to placebo group. By this study, Gojinsen® drinks did not showed absolute anti-fatigue effect but provided the objective evidence of fatigue-related measurement and the therapeutic potential for people suffering from exercise fatigue.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study. Improving the efficiency of diagnosis and detailing the features of the clinic of «potentially malignant» diseases of the oral mucosa.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and laboratory examination of 124 patients of the department of oral mucosa diseases aged 35 to 80 years, among whom there were 75 women and 49 men, with diseases such as erythroplakia - 12 patients, verrucous leukoplakia - 52 patients, erosive form of leukoplakia - 35 patients, cheilitis Manganotti - 25 patients. Histological and immunohistochemical methods of investigation were used as diagnostics. To assess the proliferative activity of epithelial cells, the determination of the Ki-67 index was used. The synthesis of keratin 15 (K15) in epithelial layers was determined as a diagnostic criterion for the severity of neoplasia. The expression of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) antigens and p16INK4a protein in epithelial cells was studied, as well as the expression of p53 protein.
RESULTS: A high prevalence of p53 mutations was observed in patients with erythroplakia. In leukoplakia, the expression of the Ki-67 protein was detected in the cell nuclei in both the basal and parabasal layers of the multilayer squamous epithelium, in 77% of cases, the expression of the p16INK4a protein in the epithelial nuclei with varying degrees of dysplastic changes was noted, and a positive reaction to HPV16 was also observed in the cell nuclei and cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the basal, parabasal and spiny epithelial layers. The appearance of K15 in the cytoplasm of cells above the basal layer with abrasive precancerous cheilitis was found in 48% of cases.
CONCLUSION: To diagnose early manifestations of neoplastic processes in «potentially malignant» diseases of the oral mucosa, it is necessary to use both classical histological and immunohistochemical methods of investigation with various markers.
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a group of rare genetic eye conditions that cause blindness. Despite progress in identifying genes associated with IRDs, improvements are necessary for classifying rare autosomal dominant (AD) disorders. AD diseases are highly heterogenous, with causal variants being restricted to specific amino acid changes within certain protein domains, making AD conditions difficult to classify. Here, we aim to determine the top-performing in-silico tools for predicting the pathogenicity of AD IRD variants. We annotated variants from ClinVar and benchmarked 39 variant classifier tools on IRD genes, split by inheritance pattern. Using area-under-the-curve (AUC) analysis, we determined the top-performing tools and defined thresholds for variant pathogenicity. Top-performing tools were assessed using genome sequencing on a cohort of participants with IRDs of unknown etiology. MutScore achieved the highest accuracy within AD genes, yielding an AUC of 0.969. When filtering for AD gain-of-function and dominant negative variants, BayesDel had the highest accuracy with an AUC of 0.997. Five participants with variants in NR2E3, RHO, GUCA1A, and GUCY2D were confirmed to have dominantly inherited disease based on pedigree, phenotype, and segregation analysis. We identified two uncharacterized variants in GUCA1A (c.428T>A, p.Ile143Thr) and RHO (c.631C>G, p.His211Asp) in three participants. Our findings support using a multi-classifier approach comprised of new missense classifier tools to identify pathogenic variants in participants with AD IRDs. Our results provide a foundation for improved genetic diagnosis for people with IRDs.
Estrogenic extracts of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. from the Liliaceae Family are provided. Also provided are methods of using said extracts to achieve an estrogenic effect, especially in a human, e.g. a female human. In some embodiments, the methods include treatment of climacteric symptoms. In some embodiments, the methods include treatment of estrogen receptor positive cancer, such as estrogen responsive breast cancer. In some embodiments, the methods include treatment or prevention of osteoporosis.
Hemodialysis patients experience higher rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than the general population and many populations with other chronic diseases. This exceptional risk is explained in part by known risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and other uremia-related factors, including vascular calcification and stiffness, autonomic dysfunction, and a high burden of circulating inflammatory mediators. However, additional unidentified risk factors also likely contribute to the disproportionately high prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity in hemodialysis patients. Blood pressure variability may represent one plausible cardiovascular risk factor. Data from nonuremic human populations show an association between greater blood pressure variability and cardiovascular events,nonfatal cardiovascular events,stroke,and increased left ventricular mass. There has been comparatively little work examining the causes and effects of blood pressure variability in hemodialysis populations. So the purpose of this study is to explore the factors associated with interdialytic blood pressure variability in maintenance hemodialysis patients, especially the association between volume status and blood pressure variability.
BACKGROUND: The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has prompted the development of numerous ethical guidelines, while the involvement of patients in the creation of these documents lags behind. As part of the European PROFID project we explore patient perspectives on the ethical implications of AI in care for patients at increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD).
AIM: Explore perspectives of patients on the ethical use of AI, particularly in clinical decision-making regarding the implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
METHODS: Semi-structured, future scenario-based interviews were conducted among patients who had either an ICD and/or a heart condition with increased risk of SCD in Germany (n = 9) and the Netherlands (n = 15). We used the principles of the European Commission's Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI to structure the interviews.
RESULTS: Six themes arose from the interviews: the ability of AI to rectify human doctors' limitations; the objectivity of data; whether AI can serve as second opinion; AI explainability and patient trust; the importance of the 'human touch'; and the personalization of care. Overall, our results reveal a strong desire among patients for more personalized and patient-centered care in the context of ICD implantation. Participants in our study express significant concerns about the further loss of the 'human touch' in healthcare when AI is introduced in clinical settings. They believe that this aspect of care is currently inadequately recognized in clinical practice. Participants attribute to doctors the responsibility of evaluating AI recommendations for clinical relevance and aligning them with patients' individual contexts and values, in consultation with the patient.
CONCLUSION: The 'human touch' patients exclusively ascribe to human medical practitioners extends beyond sympathy and kindness, and has clinical relevance in medical decision-making. Because this cannot be replaced by AI, we suggest that normative research into the 'right to a human doctor' is needed. Furthermore, policies on patient-centered AI integration in clinical practice should encompass the ethics of everyday practice rather than only principle-based ethics. We suggest that an empirical ethics approach grounded in ethnographic research is exceptionally well-suited to pave the way forward.
A novel mindfulness-based well-being training for preservice teachers will be employed. The intervention will be held once a week for 8-10 weeks. Two 4-hour "days of mindfulness" will also be implemented during the intervention period. The intervention will involve training in a range of attentional and constructive (Dahl, Lutz, \& Davidson) contemplative practices. During the follow-up period participants will receive weekly 15 minute "booster" trainings.
BACKGROUND: The HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) excluding HIV among the elderly population urgently require more attention and in-depth study. We aimed to present and predict the worldwide of its burden from 1990 to 2030 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.
METHODS: Leveraging the 2019 GBD study, we investigated the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of HIV and other STI in incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates for individuals aged 50-69 across different age groups, genders, sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, and nations. The incidence of STI in the population from 2020 to 2030 was explored by Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) prediction model.
RESULTS: The HIV incidence rate experienced its fastest growth 1990-1992, peaked in 1996, and gradually declined thereafter, with the 2019 rate being lower than that of 1990. The prevalence rate didn't present a sharp turning point. After 2006, its growth rate accelerated. Both DALYs and mortality rates plateaued high between 2002 and 2005, followed by a decline. The decline was steepest from 2005-2012, yet the rate of decrease slowed noticeably from 2012-2019.When segmented by age, HIV was more prevalent among those aged 55-59 and 50-54, with the 50-54 age group witnessing the fastest decline in incidence rates. However, the fastest growth in prevalence rates was seen among the 60-64 and 65-69 age groups. The other STI incidence rate declined from 1990-1996, increased up to 2006, declined until 2015, and then saw a resurgence with accelerated growth thereafter. The prevalence rate showcased varied trends, with a notable increase in the past five years. The highest growth in incidence rate was among the 65-69 age group. We predict that the incidence rate of STI will increase in the future.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, despite the evident decline in incidence, mortality rates, and DALYs, the prevalence of HIV and other STI among the elderly is rising, and both demonstrated significant trend variations across different ages, genders, SDI regions, and nations. Comprehensive sexual health education, clinical care and adjustments in health service strategies based on the evolving trends of HIV and other STI among the elderly are paramount.
This is a multi-center (when more than one hospital or medical school team work on a medical research study), double-blind (test or experiment in which neither the person giving the treatment nor the participant knows which treatment the participant is receiving), placebo-controlled (an inactive substance; a pretend treatment \[with no drug in it\] that is compared in a clinical trial with a drug to test if the drug has a real effect), parallel group comparison study. The total duration of the study will be 11 weeks and consists of 4 periods; a pre-observation period (4 weeks), open-label period (2 weeks), double-blind period (4 weeks) and follow-up period (1 week). Participants will receive tramadol hydrochloride plus acetaminophen tablets orally 4 times daily for 2 weeks with no less than 4-hour intervals (up to 8 tablets per day) during the open-label period and the dose will be fixed for each participant in the latter 1 week. During the double-period participants will receive tramadol hydrochloride plus acetaminophen tablets or placebo at the same dose as used for the latter 1 week of the open-label period for up to 4 weeks. Efficacy will be primarily evaluated by number of participants with insufficient pain relief after the start of double-blind period. Participant's safety will be monitored throughout the study.
533,513. Vitamins. JACKSON, L. MELLERSH.- (St. Louis University, President & Board of Trustees of). Aug. 10, 1939, No. 23129. [Class 2 (iii)] The anti-haemorrhagic vitamin K is concentrated by adsorption in a base-exchange silicate and description by a solvent and further concentration may be effected by repeating the process with the same or a different adsorbent such as carbon or by high vacuum distillation or crystallization. Vitamin K is said to comprise two distinct chemically related bodies, K, obtained by strongly chilling an acetone or alcohol solution of the vitamin from alfalfa, and K 2 obtained from putrified fish meal. The base exchange silicate known as Decalso (Na 2 O : Al 2 O 3  : SiO 2  = 1 : 1 : 6) is preferred for the first concentration and the silicate sold under the Registered Trade Mark "Permutit" is preferred for further fractionation and for isolating vitamin K  2 . In examples (1) Alfalfa is extracted with petroleum ether and the extract is passed through a column of Decalso, the column then being washed with four portions of petroleum ether, the third and fourth washings which contain most of the vitamin being then further fractionated with Decalso or "Permutit"; still further concentration may be effected by adsorption on "Permutit" or charcoal or by high vacuum distillation ; (2) Sardine meal is extracted with isopropyl ether, dried, moistened with water and putrefied at 35‹C. for two or three weeks ; the product is dried and extracted with petroleum ether, the residue being caused to putrefy a second and subsequently a third time ; the extract is adsorbed on Decalso and desorbed by petroleum ether and benzene-petroleum ether, yielding vitamin K  2 . Specification 527,798 is referred to.
PURPOSE:To provide an external dermatic agent containing an alkylthiamine disulfide as an active component, useful for the remedy of dermatopathy such as eczema, pemphigus, pimple, bite, etc., having low irritation to the sink and free from side effect. CONSTITUTION:The objective remedy contains the compound of formula (R1 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc.; R2 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, allyl, etc.) (general name: alkylthiamine disulfide) as an active component. The compound known as a substance having vitamin B1 activity exhibits excellent antibacterial and antipuritic effect as a remedy for dermatopathy and is harmless and nonirritant. It is supposed that the compound exhibits its activity as a remedy for dermatopathy because the compound forms thiamine and an alkyl sulfoxide in the body and the alkyl sulfoxide makes itchiness-causing histamine harmless by its excellent antibacterial activity and remarkable oxidizing power.
Slip-related falls often cause catastrophic injury for both frail and healthy older persons. Investigators have shown that, with motor training by repeated exposure to slips during walking, young adults are able to traverse a potential slipping hazard without losing their balance, regardless of whether a slip actually occurs or not. It is highly unlikely that these effects could be attributed to education or heightened awareness of the slipping threat alone. Furthermore, investigators have demonstrated that these improved motor skills acquired from a single session can be retained 4-6 months or longer upon re-testing, making such intervention highly attractive. Of greater interest, however, is the extent to which older adults can acquire and retain similar protective skills upon such training. This has not been tested to date. Also unknown is how potential confounding factors such as an older adult's functional status might interact with the training. These issues are of importance in that establishing a retainable preventive training regimen against slip-related falls would, without doubt, have major public health implications.

In this study, investigators will demonstrate that older adults can significantly reduce their near-term risk of backward balance loss and falls through motor training by repeated exposure to simulated slips interspersed with no-slip trials. Investigators will verify that awareness or observational learning alone cannot substitute for motor training through an awareness-control group. Investigators will then determine the extent to which adaptive improvements are retained over the course of a year. Finally, investigators will verify that although a single slip exposure may yield some retainable effect, this intensity control group will exhibit significantly less favorable long-term effect on the control of center of mass stability, body weight support, balance loss and fall upon slipping than the motor training group with repeated slips. In addition, investigator expect that the intensity-control group will also have a higher self-reported incidence of falls during the 12-month period than the motor training group with multiple slip exposure.
Subjects with metastatic ER+/HER2- breast cancer with disease progression on Fulvestrant, for whom continuation of endocrine therapy would be an appropriate treatment, will be treated with the combination of MLN9708 (proteasome inhibitor) and Fulvestrant (anti-estrogen). Subjects with visceral or soft tissue disease will have a tumor biopsy while on treatment with Fulvestrant but prior to initiation of MLN9708 to confirm ER/PR/HER2 status, and to provide a baseline specimen for molecular analysis. A biopsy of the same tumor will be obtained after 2 days of treatment with MLN9708 plus Fulvestrant (i.e. on day 3). Patients with bone-only disease will be eligible for the study, but will not be biopsied.

The Investigators propose a 3x3 dose-escalation trial to assess the safety and efficacy of Fulvestrant and three dose levels of MLN9708 (2.3, 3, and 4mg) Subjects will be treated with Fulvestrant (500mg) once every four weeks on day 1. The dose of MLN9708 will start at 2.3mg, which is about 50% of the phase 3 dose in another ongoing study. If 2.3mg MLN9708 does not induce any grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity, or any grade 4 hematologic toxicity by CTCAE v4.0 (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0) in any of the 3 subjects treated for 1 cycle, the Investigators will treat another 3 subjects with the combination of Fulvestrant and MLN9708 (3mg); and if no grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity, or any grade 4 hematologic toxicity by CTCAE v4.0 is seen over the first cycle, the Investigators will treat another 3 subjects with Fulvestrant and MLN9708 (4mg, which is the phase 3 dose). If dose-limiting toxicity is observed in 1/3 subjects, the Investigators will treat an additional 3 subjects at that same dose. If dose-limiting toxicity is seen in 2 of 6 subjects at any dose level, that dose level will be considered the maximum tolerated dose, and a total of 6 subjects will be treated at the prior dose. Plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of MLN9708 will be determined over 21 days after the first dose of the combination.

Pre- and post- treatment tumor biopsies will be formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded. Tissue sections will be analyzed by H\&E (Hematoxylin and eosin) staining and immunohistochemistry using antibodies against markers of proliferation, apoptosis, estrogen receptor alpha activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and polyubiquitin. Proteasome activity of whole blood will be determined using samples acquired prior to treatment initiation, and on day 3. Tumor-specific plasma DNA will also be measured prior to treatment initiation and after the first two doses of MLN9708.