anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
An oral administration form for peptidic medicaments contains at least one peptidic medicament in a matrix capable of dissolving under physiological conditions and consisting of gelatin, fractionated gelatin, collagen hydrolysate or a gelatin deriv. and pharmaceutically conventional carriers and auxilliaries, so that the colloidal or dissolved peptidic medicament has a charge and the molecules of the matrix former have the opposite charge.     The medicament is insulin. The gelatine has m.wt. distribution max. at 104-107 D. The medicament is essentially microencapsulated in the gelatine. The application form is in layer form, with a synthetic or natural coating, esp. in the form of a coated tablet. A slow release form can be combined with a rapid release form, the outermost layer pref. contg. the slow-release form and the second layer or nucleus contg. the acute form.
Patients with acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) generally present with a history of painless visual loss that occurred over several seconds. In some instances amaurosis fugax is also present. At the time of initial examination, visual acuity in 90% of patients with CRAO can vary from counting fingers to light perception. Acute CRAO is considered an emergency situation, and therapy must be started as soon as possible. There are different reports where different treatments were proved for the acute phase for example: ocular massage, anterior chamber paracentesis, intravenous mannitol, acetazolamide, hyperbaric oxygenation, microcatheter urokinase infusion, and carbogen 1,2,3. Electrophysiological occlusion of the ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery occlusion, or central retinal vein has a profound impact on the ERG. ERG can provide an objective assessment of severity if occlusion occurs, the b wave is eliminated and a reduction in the "a" wave can be observed.

In addition, a traumatic optic neuropathy, together with retinal ganglion cell death, can induce a loss of vision which progresses rapidly within several hours l. It is known that the visual prognosis following treatment of acute central retinal artery occlusion is not as good as we would like 2; the patient must go to any emergency department to be treated immediately3, in order to preserve maximal visual function. It has been prove that the retinal function recovers after an ischemic event lasting up to 97 minutes, 4 and irreparable damage may occur after 105 minutes. This is why this study intervene during the chronic phase between 4 hrs and 14 days; where demonstrable clinical improvements in the magnitude of retinal damage where seen5, 6, 7 However recently research reports have shown that, electrical stimulation can rescue injured retinal ganglion cells from death cells and can preserve visual function after an optic nerve crush. 8 There is no ideal treatment in the chronic phase of the CRAO. That is the reason why most recent papers suggest different treatment approaches in the chronic phase of this pathology. One of these treatments that were described is the application of electrical stimulation on the patient's cornea who present with CRAO. It has been reported in the literature that transcorneal, retinal 9,10 or cerebral visual cortex 11 electrical stimulation (ES) results in evoked visual sensations (phosphenes),6,9,10,12 however, this intervention requires surgical electrode implantation.
Mandibular reconstruction using free fibular flap without customized osteotomy guide. CAD/CAM 3D model for mandible will be used.
Dithioamine reducing agents useful for the reduction of disulfide bonds. The reducing agents of this invention are useful, for example, to reduce disulfide bonds, particularly in proteins, or to prevent the formation of disulfide bonds, particularly in proteins and other biological molecules. Reducing agents of this invention can be employed to regulate protein function in proteins in which a sulfhydryl group is associated with biological activity. Reducing agents of this invention can prevent inactivation of a given protein or enhance activation of a given protein or other biological molecule in vitro and/or in vivo. Reducing agents of this invention can prevent or reduce oxidation of cysteine residues in proteins and prevent the formation of reduced activity protein dimers (or other oligomers). Reducing agents of this invention are useful and suitable for application in a variety of biological applications, particularly as research and synthetic reagents.
BACKGROUND: The effect of the addition of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors to endocrine therapy in terms of molecular downstaging remains undetermined. Switching from a high-risk to a low risk Recurrence Score (RS) group could provide useful information to identify patients who might not require chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the biological and clinical activity of letrozole plus palbociclib as neoadjuvant treatment for patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative early breast cancer with an initial Oncotype DX RS ≥18.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Participants were women aged ≥18 years with HR-positive/HER2-negative, Ki67 ≥ 20%, stage II-IIIB early breast cancer with a baseline RS ≥18. Eligible patients with a pretreatment RS 18-25 (cohort A) and 26-100 (cohort B) received six 28-day cycles of letrozole (2.5 mg per day; plus goserelin if pre- or perimenopausal) plus palbociclib (125 mg per day; 3/1 schedule) before surgery. The primary endpoint for both cohorts was the proportion of patients who achieved an RS ≤25 at surgery or a pathological complete response (pCR).
RESULTS: A total of 67 patients were enrolled, among which 65 were assessable for the primary endpoint (32 patients in cohort A and 33 in cohort B). At surgery, 22 (68.8%) patients in cohort A and 18 (54.5%) patients in cohort B had an RS ≤25 or a pCR [only 1 (3.0%) patient in cohort B], meeting the primary endpoint in cohort B (P < 0.01), but not in cohort A (P = 0.98). No new safety signals were identified.
CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment with letrozole plus palbociclib does not seem to depend on pretreatment RS for patients with RS ≥18. However, around half of patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative early breast cancer with an RS 26-100 at baseline achieved molecular downstaging with this regimen.
BACKGROUND: In daily surgical practice, inguinal hernioplasty is a frequent procedure that is frequently accompanied by severe postoperative pain. Multiple regional blocks have been described for analgesia after such operations. Retrolaminar block (RLB) is a paravertebral block (PVB) variant that provides excellent analgesia and reduces the risk of complications. This prospective trial compared the analgesic efficacy of PVB and RLB in the inguinal hernioplasty.
METHODS: The 56 patients included were randomly assigned into two equal groups according to the block performed under ultrasound guidance at the T12 level: PVB group (28 patients) and RLB (28 patients). Time until the first rescue analgesia was our primary outcome. Other outcomes included the time to perform the block, changes in intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, postoperative VAS, 24-h morphine consumption, the level of patient satisfaction, and the incidence of block-related complications.
RESULTS: Demographic data were comparable in the two groups. However, the time needed for the block was significantly shortened with the RLB (p < 0.001). Patients in the PVB groups expressed better pain scores and lower opioid consumption. Additionally, the time to the first call for opioid analgesia showed a significant prolongation in association with the PVB. There was no discernible difference in the frequency of adverse events and recorded MAP and HR.
CONCLUSION: The PVB has a superior perioperative analgesic profile compared to the RLB, which manifested in the prolonged duration to the first rescue analgesics, better pain scores, and less opioid consumption, with no significant increase in block-related complications.
Use of competitive progesterone antagonists is claimed for inhibitor of development of endometrial glands whose function allows implentation of fertilised eggs in the uterus. a dosage unit is given in the follicular follicle (prior to ovulation) and in the lateral phase (after ovulation). The dosage is not sufficient to inhibit ovulation or act as an abortifacient. USE/ADVANTAGE - The process gives an excellent contraceptive effect, even for women with an irregular menstrual cycle. Admin. is local, topical, enteral, transdermal or parenteral, esp. oral, in doses of 0.25-20 mg. Application is every 4-10 days, beginning at any time prior to ovulation. Treatment does not affect the length of the menstrual cycle.
The usual maintenance dose is in the range of 1.25 to 20 mg daily, which may be given as a single dose or in divided doses (see Dosage Interval section). Dosage increases should be made in increments of no more than 2.5 mg at weekly intervals based upon the patient’s blood glucose response. 

No exact dosage relationship exists between glyburide tablets and the other oral hypoglycemic agents. Although patients may be transferred from the maximum dose of other sulfonylureas, the maximum starting dose of 5 mg of glyburide tablets should be observed. A maintenance dose of 5 mg of glyburide tablets provides approximately the same degree of blood glucose control as 250 to 375 mg chlorpropamide, 250 to 375 mg tolazamide, 500 to 750 mg acetohexamide, or 1000 to 1500 mg tolbutamide.

When transferring patients receiving more than 40 units of insulin daily, they may be started on a daily dose of glyburide tablets 5 mg concomitantly with a 50% reduction in insulin dose. Progressive withdrawal of insulin and increase of glyburide tablets in increments of 1.25 to 2.5 mg every 2 to 10 days is then carried out. During this conversion period when both insulin and glyburide tablets are being used, hypoglycemia may occur. During insulin withdrawal, patients should test their urine for glucose and acetone at least three times daily and report results to their physician. The appearance of persistent acetonuria with glycosuria indicates that the patient is a Type I diabetic who requires insulin therapy.

### Concomitant Glyburide and Metformin Therapy

Glyburide tablets should be added gradually to the dosing regimen of patients who have not responded to the maximum dose of metformin monotherapy after four weeks (see Usual Starting Dose and Titration to Maintenance Dose). Refer to metformin package insert. 

With concomitant glyburide and metformin therapy, the desired control of blood glucose may be obtained by adjusting the dose of each drug. However, attempts should be made to identify the optimal dose of each drug needed to achieve this goal. With concomitant glyburide and metformin therapy, the risk of hypoglycemia associated with sulfonylurea therapy continues and may be increased. Appropriate precautions should be taken (see PRECAUTIONS section).
The invention discloses a medicine for treating infantile asthma, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines. The medicine for treating the infantile asthma comprises a medicine for oral administration and a medicine for external pasting. The medicine for oral administration is prepared from ginseng, lilium brownie, Chinese yam, fructus lycii, bighead atractylodes rhizome, dried tangerine, Chinese dates, radix ophiopogonis, prepared rehmannia roots, Semen sesami nigrum and brown sugar. The medicine for external pasting is prepared from codonopsis pilosula, astragalus membranaceus, radix asteris, fritillaria cirrhosa, lilium brownie, the root bark of white mulberry, as arum, schisandra chinensis, rhizoma polygonati, fresh ginger and honey. The medicine for oral administration is decocted and then made into particles, the medicine for external pasting is decocted, evenly stirred and pasted on fei shu acupoints on the two sides, Fenglong acupoints on the two sides and Chize acupoints on the two sides. By the adoption of oral administration and external pasting, measures are taken in two respects, not only can the lung, the spleen and the kidney of an infant be nursed, but also the effects of fending off the cold, soothing the lung, dissolving sputum and promoting the secretion of saliva are achieved, and therefore the asthma is treated effectively.
Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) poses a significant health, diagnostic, and economic challenges. Transcatheter embolisation has emerged as a promising treatment for PCS. A systematic review was performed in order to assess the safety and efficacy of transcatheter embolisation in the treatment of PCS. A systematic search of electronic databases was performed using 'PubMed', 'Embase', 'Medline (OVID)', and 'Web of Science', for articles pertaining to efficacy of embolotherapy for the treatment of pelvic congestion syndrome. A total of 25 studies were included in this systematic review with a combined total of 2038 patients. All patients included were female with a mean average age of 37.65 (31-51). Of the 25 studies, 18/25 studies reported pre- and post-procedural pelvic pain outcomes using a visual analogue scale (VAS). All studies showed a reduction in VAS post-procedure. Transcatheter embolisation had a high technical success rate (94%) and an overall complication rate of 9.0%, of which 10.4% were major and 89.6% were minor. Fifteen out of 19 (78.9%) major complications required a subsequent intervention. Transcatheter embolisation using various techniques is effective and safe in treating PCS. A low quality of evidence limits the currently available literature; however, embolisation has shown to improve symptoms in the majority of patients with low complication rates and recurrence rates.
The present invention provides a method of inhibiting an androgen receptor by administering a compound of Formula I: or a compound of Formula II: wherein R1, R2, R3 and R8 are each independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl. R4 is absent or is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 alkyl-OH. R5 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or —NR6R7. R6 and R7 are each independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl, or are combined with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl having from 5 to 7 ring members. L is a linker of C1-6 alkylene, C2-6 alkenylene, C2-6 alkynylene or C3-6 cycloalkylene. The compounds of Formula I include the salts, hydrates and prodrugs thereof. Each R9 is H, C1-6 alkyl, —OH or —O—C1-6 alkyl. The compounds of Formulas I and II include the salts, hydrates and prodrugs thereof. By administering the compound of Formula I or II, the method inhibits the androgen receptor.
DOATS score and DOAT score, COVID-19 progression prediction tools we have developed, utilize clinical information such as presence of diabetes/obesity (DO), age (A), body temperature (T), and oxygen saturation (S). They showed good predictive power, but their scoring calculation was slightly complex, leading us to develop simplified versions. This report discusses the ability of the simplified versions to assess deterioration risk in unvaccinated, mild/moderate COVID-19 patients aged <65 years. Logistic regression analysis identified independent risk factors for deterioration, to which points were assigned in order to derive overall prediction scores. The simplified versions showed high discriminating power, with the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for DOATS and DOAT being 0.79 and 0.77, respectively, indicating their clinical utility. Although the original versions have a slightly higher predictive power, the new versions are easier to use in emergency situations; thus, importantly, selecting the appropriate version depends on the situation.
Disclosed is a description and methods for formulating oral films containing lipophilic active ingredient(s), more particularly lipophilic active having a positive logP. The method involves dispersing the lipophilic active(s) in a carrier oil and uniformly distributing them as emulsified oil droplets into a polymer matrix. The methods reported here produce oral films containing a stable emulsion with up to 40% oil phase. The oil phase consists of the carrier oil and lipophilic active(s). This offers the possibility to enhance the amount of lipophilic actives to be included in the film formulation while preserving the film characteristics. The resulting oral films offer a standardized dosage form for lipophiloic actives as well as easier and more convenient administration, transportation, handling, and storage.
The risk-benefit profile of COVID-19 vaccination in children remains uncertain. A self-controlled case-series study was conducted using linked data of 5.1 million children in England to compare risks of hospitalisation from vaccine safety outcomes after COVID-19 vaccination and infection. In 5-11-year-olds, we found no increased risks of adverse events 1-42 days following vaccination with BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 or ChAdOX1. In 12-17-year-olds, we estimated 3 (95%CI 0-5) and 5 (95%CI 3-6) additional cases of myocarditis per million following a first and second dose with BNT162b2, respectively. An additional 12 (95%CI 0-23) hospitalisations with epilepsy and 4 (95%CI 0-6) with demyelinating disease (in females only, mainly optic neuritis) were estimated per million following a second dose with BNT162b2. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with increased risks of hospitalisation from seven outcomes including multisystem inflammatory syndrome and myocarditis, but these risks were largely absent in those vaccinated prior to infection. We report a favourable safety profile of COVID-19 vaccination in under-18s.
1,207,372. Aryl sulphones. ROUSSEL UCLAF. 29 Aug., 1967 [26 Aug., 1966(2); 24 Feb., 1967; 16 June, 1967; 19 July, 1967], No. 8367/70. Divided out of 1,207,371. Heading C2C. The invention comprises aryl sulphones of the general formula: H-A-SO 2 -Ar wherein Ar is an aryl group having either one or two aromatic rings which may be substituted with one or more C 1 -C 2  alkyl, alkoxy, halogenomethyl and/or nitro groups or halogen atoms and A is either the radical: or the radical: or the radical in which R 1  is a hydrogen atom or a lower C 1 -C 4  alkyl radical, R 2  and R 3  which may be the same or different are each alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, or heterocyclic radical, R 3  having at least 2 carbon atoms, or R 2  and R 3  together with the intervening carbon atom form a saturated carbocyclic ring with 3 to 7 carbon atoms or an unsaturated carbocyclic ring, e.g. a cyclohexene or cyclopentadiene ring, such carbocyclic rings if desired being substituted by one or more methyl, ethyl and/or methoxy or ethoxy groups, or R 2  and R 3  together with the intervening carbon atom form a polynuclear aromatic system such as fluorene, or a heterocycle which may be substituted by one or more methyl, ethyl and/or methoxy or ethoxy groups, R 4  is a methyl or ethyl group, R 5  is a hydrogen atom or methyl or ethyl group, or R 4  and R 5  form together with the two intervening carbon atoms a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic or carbocyclic ring, Y is -CH 2 - or a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain and Y<SP>1</SP> is a methine group or a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain. They may be obtained by reacting ArSO 2 M wherein M is an alkali metal, e.g. Na or K, with an allylic type derivative HAX wherein X is Cl, Br or I or a methane sulphonyloxy or toluene-psulphonyloxy group, advantageously in the presence of a solvent and in the presence of a basic reagent. In a modification the products are obtained by reacting the compounds ArSO 2 M with an alcohol HA-OH in the presence of formic acid. 3 - Ethyl - 1 - penten - 3 - ol is obtained from the reaction of pentan-3-one with vinyl magnesium chloride in tetrahydrofuran and then treating with water and is converted into 1 - bromo - 3 - ethyl - 2 - pentene by reaction with PBr 3  in petroleum ether. Several other analogous unsaturated alcohols and unsaturated bromo compounds of the type HABr are also specified and are obtained similarly starting with the appropriate unsaturated ketone. 3 - Methyl - 2 - cyclohexen - 1 - ol is obtained by the action of lithium aluminium hydride on 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen- 1-one in tetrahydrofuran.
AIMS: Cardiac conduction disorders are common in haemodialysis patients, with a relatively high rate of pacemaker implantations. Pacemaker-related complications, especially lead infections and central venous stenosis, pose significant challenges in this population. This study aims to compare single-chamber leadless pacemaker to single-chamber transvenous pacemakers in terms of survival and related complications in haemodialysis patients.
METHODS AND RESULTS: This retrospective study included adult haemodialysis patients who received a first single-chamber transvenous or leadless pacemaker between January 2017 and December 2020. Data were obtained from the French national REIN registry matched to the national health databases (Système National des Données de Santé). Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline characteristics. Survival and complications were compared between groups by Cox regression and by competitive risk models, respectively. One hundred and seventy-eight patients were included after propensity score matching, with 89 patients in each group. The median follow-up time was 24 (range 7-37) months. Leadless pacemakers were associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality rates compared to transvenous pacemakers [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.47-0.99)]. Device-related infections are significantly lower with leadless pacemakers throughout the follow-up period (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.86). Leadless pacemaker recipients also required fewer vascular access interventions [odds ratio 0.53, 95% CI (0.33-0.68)] on arteriovenous fistula.
CONCLUSION: With the limitations of its observational design, this study suggests that leadless pacemakers are associated with a lower rate of complications and better survival as compared with transvenous VVI pacemakers in haemodialysis patients, supporting to consider their preferential use in this population.
The present invention relates to a method for extracting a sugar component from Hydrangea serrata Seringe var. thumbergii Sugimoto, for extracting phyllodulcin, which is the main component of the sweet taste of Hydrangea serrata Seringe var. thumbergii Sugimoto, wherein the method is characterized by comprising: a drying step for drying Hydrangea serrata Seringe var. thumbergii Sugimoto leaves with cold air; a crushing step for crushing the dried Hydrangea serrata Seringe var. thumbergii Sugimoto leaves into a particle size of 0.2 to 2 mm; a heating step for heating a mixture of 4 to 6g of the crushed Hydrangea serrata Seringe var. thumbergii Sugimoto leaves on the basis of 1000ml of water at a temperature of 100℃ for 2 to 4 minutes; and a purification step for purifying the mixture heated in the heating step.
This invention is about intracellular polysaccharides. We aimed to provide a kind of fungus polysaccharides with high bioavailability and used it in the reserche on biologically active substance. We isolated Isaria farinose and obtain water-soluble intracellular polysaccharide from submerged cultuse. The intracellular polysaccharide contains mannose, galactose and glucose at the mole ratio of 8.0:4.8:1, and a litter bit of protein. Bioactivity experiments prove its antineoplastic activity, oxidation resistance, immunological enhancement and immunological suppression to cyclophosphamide. Animal experiments prove its safty. The purified intracellular polysaccharides from Isaria farinose could be oral liquid, electuary, tablet, capsule, powder injection and injection.