anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Sexual and gender minorities assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB) experience high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV), with negative effects on health and well-being. Disclosure of and help-seeking for IPV can support the well-being of IPV survivors, yet are understudied among SGM-AFAB people. To better understand the IPV disclosure and help-seeking experiences in this population, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 41 SGM-AFAB young adults who experienced physical, sexual, or severe psychological IPV. Qualitative analyses explored to whom SGM-AFAB disclosed IPV, barriers to disclosure/help-seeking, the types of responses received, and perceived helpfulness of responses. Exploratory mixed methods analyses assessed frequency of code endorsement, demographic differences, and associations among codes. Three-quarters of participants disclosed IPV, though rates were lower for sexual and physical than psychological IPV and very few sought help from formal sources. The most common barriers to disclosure were not viewing the IPV as abuse and anticipation of negative responses, often due to stigma; other participants described inability to access formal help and concerns about SGM incompetence in those services. Most actual responses received were considered helpful, including emotional support, labeling the IPV as unhealthy, nonjudgmental listening, actions to stop the IPV, and practical support. Minimizing IPV or criticizing the victim was common unhelpful response; advice to end the relationship was considered helpful and unhelpful. Whereas 92% of friend responses were described as helpful, around half of family (56%) and therapist (62%) responses were helpful. Findings suggest that efforts to increase access to culturally affirmative services and educate SGM youth to recognize IPV in their relationships may help promote help-seeking and well-being among SGM-AFAB IPV survivors.
BACKGROUND: Critically ill pediatric patients are frequently initiated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) active antibiotics during infection evaluation even though MRSA infections are rare in many patient populations. The MRSA nasal swab polymerase chain reaction assay (MRSA-NS-PCR) is a test that has been shown to have a high negative predictive value (NPV) for MRSA infection in adults. This study evaluated the diagnostic test characteristics of the MRSA-NS-PCR in predicting the presence of MRSA infection in critically ill pediatric patients.
STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study was performed in a 44-bed pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between 2013 and 2017. 3860 pediatric patients (54% male, median age 4 years [IQR 1-11 years]) admitted to the PICU who met pediatric systemic inflammatory response syndrome (pSIRS) criteria, were screened with a MRSA-NS-PCR, and had cultures obtained within seven days of MRSA-NS-PCR collection were included. Predictive values and post-test probabilities of the MRSA-NS-PCR for MRSA infection were calculated.
RESULTS: MRSA-NS-PCR was positive in 8.6% of patients. MRSA infection was identified in 40 patients, equaling an incidence rate of 2 per 1000 patient days. The MRSA-NS-PCR demonstrated a positive predictive value (PPV) of 9.7%, a NPV of 99.8%, and a post-test probability for a negative test of 0.2% for MRSA infection.
CONCLUSIONS: The MRSA-NS-PCR has a poor PPV but a high NPV for MRSA infection in PICU patients when the incidence of MRSA infection is low. Creation of protocols to guide antimicrobial selection based on MRSA-NS-PCR results may lead to improved antimicrobial stewardship and significant risk reduction.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and common causes of ocular pathology experienced by vulnerable women with marginalized housing and/or a history of abuse, violence, and trafficking.
METHODS: Using a stratified random sampling technique, we recruited 93 women living in 10 randomly selected women's shelters in Toronto, Canada between May and November of 2018. All English-speaking females older than the age of 18 were eligible to participate. Data on demographics, medical or ocular history, subjective visual acuity, and access to eye care were obtained. Comprehensive visual screening and dilated fundoscopy were performed for each participant.
RESULTS: The median age was 40 years (interquartile range, 30.5-54 years) and the median duration of homelessness was 8 months (interquartile range, 2.25-20.5 months); 63.4% of participants reported a history of abuse, 44.9% experienced head trauma, 15.9% experienced eye trauma, 22.5% identified as refugees, and 2.17% (2 of 92) had been victims of human trafficking. The above variables were not significantly related to vision problem severity on univariate analysis. Based on the presenting visual acuity, 27.8% of participants (95% CI [18.9-38.2]) were found to have visual impairment. Visual impairment was mainly related to refractive error (54.8% [51 of 93]), however, nonrefractive pathology was also observed. Of all the participants, 64.5% had one or more abnormal findings during the vision screening, and 40.9% needed follow-up by an ophthalmologist. Most participants (96.7%) expressed interest in accessing free eye examinations.
CONCLUSIONS: Visual impairment is highly prevalent among homeless women living in Toronto. Routine vision-screening programs present an opportunity to improve the ocular health of this vulnerable population.
PURPOSE: To provide an insulin-contg. pharmaceutical prepn. for topical application which improves and accelerates wound heeling and cell regeneration. CONSTITUTION: This prepn. contains any of bovine insulin, porcine insulin or human insulin of the amt. having a pharmaceutical effect to topical application in an emulsion, suspension, cream agent, ointment, gelatinous agent of plaster. Further, the prepn. contains a substrate like monosaccharide, electrolyte, auxiliary factors, such as peptide, exclusive of the insulin, proteolytic enzyme inhibitor for protection against inactivation and decomposition and antioxidant for the purpose of improving the effect of the local insulin-contg. pharmaceutical prepn. A vehicle having special wound adhesiveness is used for internal topical application.
This group will receive the weekly group exercise which will be delivered online initially, and in the community clubs once they are allowed to reconvene according to government guidance. The duration of the intervention is 12 weeks.
Recurrent C. difficile infection (rCDI) is an urgent public health threat, for which the last resort and lifesaving treatment is a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT). However, the exact mechanisms that mediate a successful FMT are not well-understood. Here, we use longitudinal stool samples collected from patients undergoing FMT to evaluate intra-individual changes in the microbiome, metabolome, and lipidome after successful FMTs relative to their baselines pre-FMT. We show changes in the abundance of many lipids, specifically a decrease in acylcarnitines post-FMT, and a shift from conjugated bile acids pre-FMT to deconjugated secondary bile acids post-FMT. These changes correlate with a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae, which encode carnitine metabolism genes, and an increase in Lachnospiraceae, which encode bile acid altering genes such as bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) and the bile acid-inducible (bai) operon, post-FMT. We also show changes in gut microbe-encoded amino acid biosynthesis genes, of which Enterobacteriaceae was the primary contributor to amino acids C. difficile is auxotrophic for. Liquid chromatography, ion mobility spectrometry, and mass spectrometry (LC-IMS-MS) revealed a shift from microbial conjugation of primary bile acids pre-FMT to secondary bile acids post-FMT. Here, we define the structural and functional changes associated with a successful FMT and generate hypotheses that require further experimental validation. This information is meant to help guide the development of new microbiota-focused therapeutics to treat rCDI.IMPORTANCERecurrent C. difficile infection is an urgent public health threat, for which the last resort and lifesaving treatment is a fecal microbiota transplant. However, the exact mechanisms that mediate a successful FMT are not well-understood. Here, we show changes in the abundance of many lipids, specifically acylcarnitines and bile acids, in response to FMT. These changes correlate with Enterobacteriaceae pre-FMT, which encodes carnitine metabolism genes, and Lachnospiraceae post-FMT, which encodes bile salt hydrolases and baiA genes. There was also a shift from microbial conjugation of primary bile acids pre-FMT to secondary bile acids post-FMT. Here, we define the structural and functional changes associated with a successful FMT, which we hope will help aid in the development of new microbiota-focused therapeutics to treat rCDI.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by neuroinflammation, progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, and accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) into insoluble aggregates called Lewy pathology. The Line 61 α-Syn mouse is an established preclinical model of PD; Thy-1 is used to promote human α-Syn expression, and features of sporadic PD develop at 9-18 months of age. To accelerate the PD phenotypes, we injected sonicated human α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the striatum, which produced phospho-Syn (p-α-Syn) inclusions in the substantia nigra pars compacta and significantly increased MHC Class II-positive immune cells. Additionally, there was enhanced infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells in the midbrain. We then used this new model, Line 61-PFF, to investigate the effect of inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which is critical for regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. After administration of the JAK1/2 inhibitor AZD1480, immunofluorescence staining showed a significant decrease in p-α-Syn inclusions and MHC Class II expression. Flow cytometry showed reduced infiltration of CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, CD19+ B-cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and endogenous microglia into the midbrain. Importantly, single-cell RNA-Sequencing analysis of CD45+ cells from the midbrain identified 9 microglia clusters, 5 monocyte/macrophage (MM) clusters, and 5 T-cell (T) clusters, in which potentially pathogenic MM4 and T3 clusters were associated with neuroinflammatory responses in Line 61-PFF mice. AZD1480 treatment reduced cell numbers and cluster-specific expression of the antigen-presentation genes H2-Eb1, H2-Aa, H2-Ab1, and Cd74 in the MM4 cluster and proinflammatory genes such as Tnf, Il1b, C1qa, and C1qc in the T3 cluster. Together, these results indicate that inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway suppresses the activation and infiltration of innate and adaptive cells, reducing neuroinflammation in the Line 61-PFF mouse model.
Rationale: Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-tumor efficacy of gemcitabine and trastuzumab against metastatic breast cancer when given alone and in combination. Yet, research indicates that the two drugs given together work more effectively than either alone. Laboratory studies testing the combination of trastuzumab and cisplatin have shown synergistic anti-tumor activity with the two drugs. In addition, clinical studies suggest a high level of anti-tumor activity with the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin. Researchers are testing the triple drug combination of gemcitabine, trastuzumab, and cisplatin in the current study to evaluate the potential for enhanced responsiveness in patients with Her-2/neu overexpressing breast cancer as well as comparing it to the double drug combination of gemcitabine and trastuzumab.

Purpose: This study will measure patient responses and compare the efficacy of a double drug combination (gemcitabine and trastuzumab) with a triple drug combination (gemcitabine, trastuzumab, and cisplatin) in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Side effects will be carefully assessed in patients.

Treatment: Patients in this study will receive one of two treatment combinations. A computer will randomly assign patients to a treatment group. Group one will be given gemcitabine and trastuzumab. Gemcitabine will be given to patients on days 1 and 8, and trastuzumab on days 1, 8, and 15. Group two will receive gemcitabine, trastuzumab, and cisplatin. Gemcitabine and cisplatin will both be administered on days 1 and 8, and trastuzumab on days 1, 8, and 15. Each treatment cycle (for both groups) will last a total of 21 days. All study drugs will be administered through intravenous infusions. Several tests and exams will be given throughout the study to closely monitor patients. Thorough patient exams will be given at the beginning of each treatment cycle. Imaging tests will be done every two cycles for the first eight cycles and then every three cycles until study completion. Study treatment will be discontinued due to disease growth or unacceptable side effects.
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are a relatively uncommon medical condition, affecting roughly 1 in every 2500 individuals. Of those suffering from pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 80% have an underlying genetic condition: hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 20-year-old Pakistani male with a history of persistent slower-onset frontal headaches that increased in severity within the course of the day. His hemoglobin was 18 g/dl, indicating polycythemia, for which he had undergone seven venesections in a month previously. His physical examination was unremarkable. His computed tomography scan depicted multiple dilated tortuous vessels with branching linear opacities in the right lower lobe of the lungs. The multiple feeding arteries were supplied by the right main pulmonary artery, and the large draining veins led to the right inferior pulmonary vein. This was identified as a diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. He was recommended for a right pulmonary artery angiogram. It showed multiple tortuous vessels with a nidus and large draining veins-features of a diffuse arteriovenous malformation in the right lower lobe of the lung consistent with the computed tomography scan. Embolization of two of these vessels feeding the arteriovenous malformation was conducted, using Amplatzer Vascular plug 2, whereas multiple pushable coils (five coils) were used for embolizing the third feeding vessel. This achieved 70-80% successful embolization of right pulmonary AVM; however, some residual flow was still seen in the arteriovenous malformation given the complexity of the lesion. Immediately after, his oxygen saturation improved from 78% to 96%.
CONCLUSION: Diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, as seen in this patient, are rare, accounting for less than 5% of total pulmonary arteriovenous malformations diagnosed. The patient presented with a complaint of progressive frontal headaches, which can be attributed to low oxygen saturation or the presence of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation. There was no history of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in the patient's family. Furthermore, although most patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and hence pulmonary arteriovenous malformation have complaints of iron-deficiency anemia, our patient in contrast was suffering from polycythemia. This can be explained as a compensatory mechanism in hypoxemic conditions. Moreover, the patient had no complaint of hemoptysis or epistaxis, giving a varied presentation in comparison with a typical pulmonary arteriovenous malformation.
PURPOSE: Previous studies have suggested that obesity defined by body mass index(BMI) is a protective factor for bone mineral density(BMD), but have overlooked the potential influence of different types of obesity. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between abdominal obesity index A Body Shape Index(ABSI) and adolescent bone density, and analyze the relationship between abdominal obesity and bone metabolism.
METHODS: A total of 1557 adolescent participants were included in NHANES from 2007 to 2018. Calculate the ABSI using a specific formula that takes into account waist circumference and BMI. A weighted multiple linear regression model is used to evaluate the linear correlation between ABSI and BMD. Forest plots are used to analyze the correlations between subgroups, and cubic splines are limited to evaluate the nonlinear correlations and saturation effects between ABSI and BMD.
RESULTS: After adjusting for confounding factors, there was a significant linear correlation (P < 0.01) between ABSI and femoral BMD, both as a continuous variable and an ordered categorical variable. The restrictive cubic spline curve indicates a significant nonlinear correlation and saturation effect between adolescent ABSI and BMD.
CONCLUSION: Research has shown a significant negative correlation between ABSI and BMD at the four detection sites of the femur, and this correlation may vary slightly due to age, race, family income, and different detection sites. The research results indicate that compared to overall body weight, fat distribution and content may be more closely related to bone metabolism.
Participants received 150 mg migalastat orally QOD during the 18-month randomized treatment period and the optional 12-month OLE period. Participants received an inactive reminder capsule on alternate days during both treatment periods.
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a lethal inherited disease that primarily affects the lungs but also confers a high risk of diabetes, with up to 40-50% of adults experiencing Cystic Fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD). CFRD is associated with an accelerated decline in lung function, nutritional status and survival and despite treatment mortality in patients with CFRD remains high. Airway inflammation and susceptibility to infections caused by hyperglycemia, and the catabolic effect of insulin deficiency are posited mechanisms of CFRD-associated morbidity. Respiratory failure caused by airway disease is well known but the contribution of respiratory muscle dysfunction may be critical. In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) glucose and insulin defects are closely correlated with muscle function. The pulmonary muscles are crucial to respiration and airway clearance in CF. Muscle function is dependent on its mass, composition, and energy metabolism. Lean body mass (LBM) deficits are present in CF and improvement in LBM improves pulmonary function. Using T2DM as a model for muscle dysfunction, the study hypothesis is that glucose intolerance exacerbates LBM deficits, negatively affects muscle composition, and alters muscle metabolism leading to respiratory muscle dysfunction and a decline in pulmonary function.

CF subjects without CFRD and healthy controls will undergo 3 study visits (baseline then annually for 2 years) and CFRD subjects will undergo 2 study visits (baseline and 6 months after baseline). Evaluations will include neurologic exams, anthropometric assessments, 3-day dietary recall, MRI scans, oral glucose tolerance tests (CF subjects only), blood work, pulmonary function testing, muscle strength testing, exercise testing, bone density scans, and adverse event assessment.
Subjective perception of time is altered during vigorous exercise. This could be due in part to the fatigue associated with physical activity at high intensities. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fatigue, specifically, on subjective time perception. Twenty-six healthy, untrained subjects (17 men/9 women; age = 26.0 ± 4.3 years;   V ˙ O 2  peak = 38.13 ± 5.62 mL/kg/min) completed a maximal aerobic exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Time perception was assessed before (PRE) and after (POST) the exercise test using a time production task wherein subjects started a stopwatch and stopped it once they believed a designated time period had passed. This time produced with the stopwatch was the estimate of the target time that was compared to the target time interval. Relative error of the timing task was significantly higher for POST (0.112 ± 0.260) than for PRE (0.028 ± 0.173), p = .032, η2 = .178. Subjects produced ~ 8.4% more time than the target intervals when fatigued, which is indicative of a slower sense of time perception. A shift in attentional focus from timing to the sensations associated with fatigue is a possible factor to explain this result. Future studies which investigate the effects of exercise on time perception should consider the impact of fatigue experienced during exercise.
Patients receive cediranib maleate PO QD and olaparib PO BID on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo ECHO or MUGA during screening and as clinically indicated on study. Patients also undergo CT or MRI as well as blood sample collection on the trial. Patients may also optionally undergo a tissue biopsy on the trial.
Participants will take the supplement over a 12 week period. There will be both biomarker outcomes and subjective outcomes reported by the participants via questionnaires.
NEW MATERIAL:The isoindoline derivative of formula I (R<1> is H or lower alkyl; R<2> is H, lower alkyl or acyl). EXAMPLE:N-4-(isoindolyl-2-one)-salicylic acid. USE:A medicinal drug having especially high anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activities as well as analgesic action and antipyretic action. PREPARATION:The compound of formula I can be produced economically in high yield, by (1) reacting the compound of formula II (R<3> is alcohol residue) with the compound of formula III in an alcohol solvent (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc.) at room temperature or under heating to obtain the compound of formula IV, (2) cooling the reaction mixture solution on an ice bath without separating the produced compound from the solution and adding 1-3mol of sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride as a reducing agent based on 1mol of the compound of formula IV, and (3) carrying out the reaction of the components at room temperature for 0.5-10hr after the addition of the reducing agent.
INTRODUCTION: Despite the notable success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a subset of patients experiences resistance, or relapse after discontinuation. This challenge is attributed to the Ph+ leukemia stem cells (LSCs) pool not fully involved in the inhibition process due to the current therapeutic approach.
AREAS COVERED: Current pharmacological advancements in CML therapy focus on targeting LSCs, intervening in self-renewal pathways, and exploiting biological vulnerabilities. Beyond BCR::ABL1 inhibition, innovative approaches include immunotherapy, epigenetic modulation, and interference with microenvironmental mechanisms.
EXPERT OPINION: Diverse therapeutic strategies beyond TKIs are under investigation. Immunotherapy with interferon-α (IFN-α) shows some biological effects, although further research is needed for optimal application in enhancing discontinuation rates. Other compounds were able to mobilize Ph+ LSCs from the bone marrow niche (DPP-IV inhibitor vildagliptin or PAI-1 inhibitor TM5614) increasing the LSC clearance or target the CD26, a Ph+ specific surface receptor. It is noteworthy that the majority of these alternative strategies still incorporate TKIs. In conclusion, novel therapeutic perspectives are emerging for CML, holding the potential for substantial advancements in disease treatment.
Part C: Participants will be administered a single oral dose of avatrombopag (20-mg) on Day 1 of Treatment Period 1. In Treatment Period 2, rifampin (600-mg) will be administered once daily on Days 1 to 16. In order to avoid a food-effect on rifampin absorption, each dose will be administered 1 hour before participants consume a meal. On Day 7 of Treatment Period 2, rifampin (600-mg) and avatrombopag (20-mg) will be administered 1 hour before meal and 30 minutes after starting meal consumption.