anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating hormone secreted from the gastric mucosa in the fasting state, and secretion decreases in response to food intake. After sleeve gastrectomy (SG), plasma concentrations of ghrelin decrease markedly. Whether this affects appetite and glucose tolerance postoperatively is unknown. We investigated the effects of ghrelin infusion on appetite and glucose tolerance in individuals with obesity before and 3 mo after SG. Twelve participants scheduled for SG were included. Before and 3 mo after surgery, a mixed-meal test followed by an ad libitum meal test was performed with concomitant infusions of acyl-ghrelin (1 pmol/kg/min) or placebo. Infusions began 60 min before meal intake to reach a steady state before the mixed-meal and were continued throughout the study day. Two additional experimental days with 0.25 pmol/kg/min and 10 pmol/kg/min of acyl-ghrelin infusions were conducted 3 mo after surgery. Both before and after SG, postprandial glucose concentrations increased dose dependently during ghrelin infusions compared with placebo. Ghrelin infusions inhibited basal and postprandial insulin secretion rates, resulting in lowered measures of β-cell function, but no effect on insulin sensitivity was seen. Ad libitum meal intake was unaffected by the administration of ghrelin. In conclusion, ghrelin infusion increases postprandial plasma glucose concentrations and impairs β-cell function before and after SG but has no effect on ad libitum meal intake. We speculate that the lower concentration of ghrelin after SG may impact glucose metabolism following this procedure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ghrelin's effect on glucose tolerance and food intake following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) was evaluated. Acyl-ghrelin was infused during a mixed-meal and ad libitum meals before and 3 mo after surgery. Postprandial glucose concentrations increased during ghrelin infusions, both before and after surgery, while insulin production was inhibited. However, ad libitum meal intake did not differ during ghrelin administration compared with placebo. The decreased ghrelin concentration following SG may contribute to the glycemic control after surgery.
An inverse correlation between stature and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been observed in several epidemiologic studies, and recent Mendelian randomization (MR) experiments have suggested causal association. However, the extent to which the effect estimated by MR can be explained by cardiovascular, anthropometric, lung function, and lifestyle-related risk factors is unclear, with a recent report suggesting that lung function traits could fully explain the height-CAD effect. To clarify this relationship, we utilized a well-powered set of genetic instruments for human stature, comprising >1,800 genetic variants for height and CAD. In univariable analysis, we confirmed that a one standard deviation decrease in height (~6.5 cm) was associated with a 12.0% increase in the risk of CAD, consistent with previous reports. In multivariable analysis accounting for effects from up to 12 established risk factors, we observed a >3-fold attenuation in the causal effect of height on CAD susceptibility (3.7%, p = 0.02). However, multivariable analyses demonstrated independent effects of height on other cardiovascular traits beyond CAD, consistent with epidemiologic associations and univariable MR experiments. In contrast with published reports, we observed minimal effects of lung function traits on CAD risk in our analyses, indicating that these traits are unlikely to explain the residual association between height and CAD risk. In sum, these results suggest the impact of height on CAD risk beyond previously established cardiovascular risk factors is minimal and not explained by lung function measures.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial chronic disease characterized with functional gastrointestinal disorder which affects the quality of life of the patient. Until now the pathophysiology of IBS was not completely understood but it has been related to multiple mechanisms like: visceral hypersensitivity, Brain-gut axis, post infectious inflammation and genetic abnormalities.(1) Many demographic and environmental factors are considered risk factors for the condition like: sex, age, BMI, social status and life style(2). IBS outspreaded all over the world varying between 14.7% to 16.5% in east Asian countries(3,4). As IBS is diagnosed mainly clinically, many scales have been developed to provide the best sensitivity for diagnosing the condition. The recent common criteria for diagnosing are ROME III and ROME VI. A meta-analysis conducted by Oka et al the pooled prevalence of IBS in 53 surveys that used the Rome III criteria from 38 countries was 9.2% (95% CI 7.6-10.8; I2 = 99.7%). Contrary, the pooled IBS prevalence among the 6 surveys that used the Rome IV criteria from 34 countries was 3.8% (95% CI 3.1-4.5; I2 = 96.6%)(5). The different prevalence rates are probably justified by the multifactorial nature of the disease and the various social status and environments from a country to another. However, there wasn't enough studies could define the prevalence of IBS among middle-eastern countries. The prevalence of IBS varies depending on socioeconomic factors, sex, and age. University students in the Middle East and North Africa are affected by many Lifestyle factors that participate in IBS by one way or another such as unhealthy eating habits (junk or fast food), cigarette smoking, physical inactivity and the fact that they're living low-income countries. IBS has also been associated with psychological factors such as stress, depression, and anxiety. Additionally, as their young age genetic factors and positive family history are implicated. Medical students, are more likely exposed to IBS risk factors as they have limited access to healthy meals, financial constraints, and a excessive exposure to stress secondary to their exceedingly demanding education and frequent examinations. Thus, they are more probably to develop IBS than other population subgroups.
Table 1 lists treatment-emergent signs and symptoms that occurred in > 1% of patients enrolled in parallel-group, placebo-controlled trials and were numerically more common in the diazepam rectal gel group. Adverse events were usually mild or moderate in intensity.

The prescriber should be aware that these figures, obtained when diazepam rectal gel was added to concurrent antiepileptic drug therapy, cannot be used to predict the frequency of adverse events in the course of usual medical practice when patient characteristics and other factors may differ from those prevailing during clinical studies. Similarly, the cited frequencies cannot be directly compared with figures obtained from other clinical investigations involving different treatments, uses, or investigators. An inspection of these frequencies, however, does provide the prescribing physician with one basis to estimate the relative contribution of drug and non-drug factors to the adverse event incidences in the population studied.

TABLE 1: Treatment-Emergent Signs And Symptoms That Occurred In > 1% Of Patients Enrolled In Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Trials And Were Numerically More Common In The Diazepam Rectal Gel Group

Other events reported by 1% or more of patients treated in controlled trials but equally or more frequent in the placebo group than in the diazepam rectal gel group were abdominal pain, pain, nervousness, and rhinitis. Other events reported by fewer than 1% of patients were infection, anorexia, vomiting, anemia, lymphadenopathy, grand mal convulsion, hyperkinesia, cough increased, pruritus, sweating, mydriasis, and urinary tract infection.

The pattern of adverse events was similar for different age, race and gender groups.
Patients receive docetaxel IV over 1 hour on day 1 and oral erlotinib hydrochloride once on days 2, 9, and 16. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 6 courses in the absence of unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. Patients may then continue to receive erlotinib hydrochloride alone in the absence of unacceptable toxicity or disease progression.
Patients randomized to an amiodarone arm will receive a bolus of 150mg IV in the first 10 minutes and a maintenance dose of 0.5-1mg/min for 24 hours. If the patient has a recurrence of atrial fibrillation, the dosage can be adjusted according to the patient's condition, but the total dosage administered within 24 hours should not exceed 2g. Amiodarone is administered for 24 hours unless meeting the criteria for discontinuation.
This is a unique adaptive coping skills intervention developed over years of research that targets patients hospitalized for cardiorespiratory conditions. Participants will receive 4 weeks of different Blueprint content through a mobile app. Each week's session includes a within-app HADS survey for safety monitoring. A printed or PDF workbook with complementary content and QR links to app videos is provided.
In this study, we investigated the role of LINC00520 in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. We analyzed LINC00520 expression in 15 pairs of CRC tissues and adjacent tissues using qRT-PCR, revealing significantly elevated levels in CRC tissues and cell lines. Lentivirus-mediated up/down-regulation of LINC00520 in CRC cell lines demonstrated that increased LINC00520 expression enhanced cell invasiveness, as confirmed by transwell and wound healing assays. Bioinformatics analysis identified a regulatory axis involving LINC00520, microRNA-195-3p, and NAT2. Luciferase assays confirmed direct binding between LINC00520 and microRNA-195-3p, as well as microRNA-195-3p and NAT2. Overexpression of NAT2 reversed the inhibitory effects on invasion and migration induced by LINC00520 silencing. This suggests that LINC00520, highly expressed in CRC tissues, may modulate tumor biological functions through the microRNA-195-3p/NAT2 axis. Our findings provide insights into the mechanism underlying CRC progression, highlighting the potential of LINC00520 as a therapeutic target.
The placement of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) is an important component of medical care for a variety of patients. Current practice requires radiographic confirmation of catheter tip placement prior to use of the line for administration of medications. Often the final catheter tip position may be uncertain based on radiographic imaging. Other times, the catheter is malpositioned and requires adjustment and repeat radiographic imaging. In adult patients, a system of confirmation that is based on electrocardiographic activity has been implemented and is FDA approved. This study will enroll up to 192 children less than 18 years of age who will receive electrocardiographic guidance for placement of a PICC, in addition to radiography done as standard care. The investigators will determine the location of the PICC tip from both ECG and radiograph, and then measure the degree of correlation between the two methods.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a transparent eyewash with a low viscosity capable of immediately using for particularly treating dry eye syndromes. SOLUTION: This eyewash contains a gelling polyanionic polymer, a buffer and a polyvinyl-pyrrolidone. The gelling polyanionic polymer comprises a particularly crosslinked acrylic acid polymer (e.g. trademark carbopol) and 0.1-1wt.% of it are contained in the eyewash. The buffer contains a sufficient amount of e.g. sodium phosphate buffer to reduce a viscosity of the eyewash to 10-60mPa.s. In order to make the eye wash transparent, 1wt.% of the polyvinylpyrrolidone is added. Moreover, the eyewash is adjusted to pH 6-8 with sodium hydroxide or the like.
BACKGROUND: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), vascular calcification (VC) is common and is associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Shh, one ligand for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, participates in osteogenesis and several cardiovascular diseases. However, it remains unclear whether Shh is implicated in the development of VC.
METHODS: Inorganic phosphorus 2.6 mM was used to induce vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification. Mice were fed with adenine diet supplement with 1.2% phosphorus to induce VC.
RESULTS: Shh was decreased in VSMCs exposed to inorganic phosphorus, calcified arteries in mice fed with an adenine diet, as well as radial arteries from patients with CKD presenting VC. Overexpression of Shh inhibited VSMCs ostosteoblastic differentiation and calcification, whereas its silencing accelerated these processes. Likewise, mice treated with smoothened agonist (SAG; Hh signaling agonist) showed alleviated VC, and mice treated with cyclopamine (CPN; Hh signaling antagonist) exhibited severe VC. Additionally, overexpression of Gli2 significantly reversed the pro-calcification effect of Shh silencing on VSMCs, suggesting that Shh inhibited VC via Gli2. Mechanistically, Gli2 interacted with Runx2 and promoted its ubiquitin proteasomal degradation, therefore protecting against VC. Of interest, the pro-degradation effect of Gli2 on Runx2 was independent of Smurf1 and Cullin4B.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study provided deeper insight to the pathogenesis of VC, and Shh might be a novel potential target for VC treatment.
PURPOSE: The concomitant diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is rare. The aim of the study was to report our experience of patients with both diagnoses.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with MG and PD, seen at Neurology Department, Modena, Italy from 2000 to 2020. We encountered 12 patients with both diagnoses. All had late onset MG (LOMG) and low Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) severity scores at baseline. In respect of PD assessement, clinical signs were followed and summarized with modified Hoehn and Yahr staging (mHY). Patients were ranked as progressive or non-progressive, according to any change in mHY staging. We compared characteristics and outcome of the patients with age matched myasthenic subjects without PD.
RESULTS: The male gender significantly prevailed (p < 0.01) as well as the presence of multiple comorbidities (p < 0.001) in patients with MG associated with PD. In respect of clinical course, MG was benign as most of cases remained stable (66.7%). Six cases showed worsening of mHY scores; only one subject became wheelchair bound by the end of follow up. This uneven progression, at least in our hands, might suggest that MG and PD can evolve independently.
CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be alert about the association of PD and MG since early diagnosis and treatment are essential.
Corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) is a congenital brain malformation that occurs when the development of the corpus callosum is disrupted, either partially or completely. The cognitive outcomes in individuals with CCD vary greatly, but generally the neuropsychological profile is characterised by slow processing speed, poor transfer of interhemispheric sensory-motor information, and impaired complex problem solving. Core language skills are often preserved in CCD, but there is some evidence that complex language may be impaired. Thus, the current study sought to examine whether spontaneous speech output was reduced in a cohort of individuals with CCD compared to age-matched controls. We further explored a series of factors that may be contributing to poor spontaneous speech in CCD, such as difficulties generating, selecting, and sequencing ideas for expression, as well as apathy and slowed processing speed. A cohort of 25 individuals with CCD and 39 neurotypical controls were enrolled in this study. Participants completed a picture description task to measure spontaneous speech output, alongside a series of cognitive and language baseline tests. Verbal and nonverbal fluency tasks gauged idea generation and sequencing, and sentence-level selection tasks measured idea selection. We found that, despite having largely intact core language skills, individuals with CCD produced significantly less spontaneous speech on the picture description task than controls. This language profile may be described as "adynamic". Further, we found that poor spontaneous speech output in CCD was related to problems generating ideas for expression, as individuals with CCD performed below controls on the verbal and nonverbal fluency tasks. Exploratory analyses revealed that apathy and slowed processing speed may be contributing factors. Adynamia in CCD is a novel finding that may be an intervention target for improving communication skills in this population.
Participants in Arm A will be scheduled for a single set of intra-articular injections of allogeneic, culture-expanded BM-MSCs at the dose 10 x106 in 1 ml per facet joint, for a total of 2 joints to be injected. BM-MSC injections will be performed using fluoroscopic guidance.
Windlass Tourniquet with a 3.8 cm (1.5 inch) wide strap is representative of the typical use device in civilian prehospital and military combat environments. In accordance with current prehospital guidelines: If distal perfusion is observed after One Windlass Tourniquet is applied then a second windlass tourniquet will be applied immediately proximal to the first windlass tourniquet so that the participant has Two Windlass Tourniquets applied.
Paclitaxel: 80 mg/m² i.v. given weekly on day 1 q day 8 for 16 weeks. Cisplatin: 25 mg/m² weekly on day 1 ,8,and 15 q day 28 for 4 cycles.
This is a phase II, single institution open label randomized trial of induction carboplatin and paclitaxel plus/minus daily oral OSI-774 in patients with potentially resectable NSCLC that is stage IIIA and IIIB (T4 satellite nodules or invasion into T4 structures but no malignant effusion.) N3 disease is excluded. Patients will be required to have pathologically demonstrated N2 disease via mediastinoscopy. Forty patients will be treated with 3 courses of chemotherapy followed by surgery. Ten of these patients will be randomized to chemotherapy alone and 30 patients to chemotherapy plus OSI-774. The 10 patients will serve as a chemotherapy alone control for molecular endpoint analysis. OSI-774 will be stopped the night before surgery. At the time of surgery, pathologic response will be determined. Following surgery, patients will be treated with consolidation radiation therapy if there are positive margins or N2 lymph nodes at the time of resection. Patients who have no N2 disease at surgery will have the option of consolidation radiation therapy but will not be required to have it done. Patients not able to tolerate radiation even if they have N2 disease or positive margins at surgery may continue on this study. This will be followed by maintenance OSI-774 for patients from both arms of the study. OSI-774 will be continued as maintenance to a maximum of 2 years following surgery. Tissue for molecular studies will be obtained pretreatment either at the time of diagnostic biopsy or mediastinoscopy. Post-treatment tissue will be obtained at the time of surgery. This tissue will be assayed for defined molecular endpoints using immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation and mRNA expression analysis. Blood, urine, hair follicles, and skin samples will also be collected from patients who consent to provide these.
FIELD: medicine; pharmaceuticals.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to pharmacy, in particular to microspheres for controlled release of protein and methods for production thereof. Microsphere contains a biodegradable polymer selected from a group consisting of polylactide; polyglycolide; poly(d,1-lactide-co-glycolide); polycaprolactone; polyorthoester; copolymer of polyether and polyether; and polylactide and polyethylene glycol copolymer; and a protein mixture selected from a group consisting of: protein-polyethylene glycol conjugate and hydrophobic anion of organic acid; protein and hydrophobic anion of organic acid; combinations thereof, wherein the organic acid includes pamoic acid, dioctyl sulphosuccinic acid, furoic acid or mixtures thereof; and where the microsphere is formed by a method comprising: adding an organic acid to a protein-polyethylene glycol or protein conjugate in a water-immiscible solvent in an organic phase to form a water-immiscible solution, wherein addition takes place without presence of water. Also disclosed is a method of producing a salt of a protein-polyethylene glycol conjugate with high hydrophobicity and a method of producing a microsphere which provides controlled release of an active agent which contains a salt of a protein-polyethylene glycol conjugate. This method involves preparing an aqueous protein solution. Aqueous protein solution contains protein and a buffer solution providing a certain pH. Method also involves reacting polyethylene glycol with protein to form a protein-polyethylene glycol conjugate. Method also includes protonation of amino group in protein-polyethylene glycol conjugate due to hydrophobic organic acid in organic phase. As a result of said protonation, a salt of a protein-polyethylene glycol conjugate is formed, which contains a hydrophobic anion, which increases hydrophobicity of the salt of the protein-polyethylene glycol conjugate.EFFECT: group of inventions provides preparing drug preparations with a constant profile of protein release.40 cl, 11 dwg, 2 tbl, 14 ex
Dulaglutide 0.75 mg administered subcutaneously (SC) once weekly for 4 weeks in period 1 followed by placebo administered SC once weekly for 4 weeks in Period 2. There is a 4 to 6 week washout period between Period 1 and Period 2.
Hair ageing is a major age-related consumer issue (hair loss, thinning hair, loss of shine, increased number of grey hairs, etc). Biological routes for hair growth or preventing hair greying provide effective opportunities to target consumer hair issues. Currently, Minoxidil ™ and Finasteride™ are the only clinically proven, mildly effective products available for hair growth and both are classified as medicines and therefore not suitable for cosmetic use. The identification of cosmetic ingredients which are able to boost hair growth, maintain anagen and/or prevent catagen may prove to be effective anti ageing treatments to prevent or attenuate some of the symptoms associated with hair ageing. This invention relates to a method of treating hair ageing. In particular the method relates to treating hair ageing through application to hair fibres of a composition comprising a nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (also known as NFE2L2or Nrf2) agonist.
Molecular cloning and expression of a prostaglandin F2.alpha. receptor which is linked to the signal transduction pathways via guanine nucleotide binding regulatory (G) proteins and measured by, for example, cAMP, IP3 or intracellular calcium. By constructing cell tines that express a prostaglandin F2.alpha. receptor, the affinities and efficacies of agonist and antagonist drugs with the receptor can be assessed. A recombinant DNA construct includes a vector and a DNA fragment encoding a prostaglandin F2.alpha. receptor. A host cell is transformed with a recombinant DNA construct, so that the DNA-fragment is expressed and a prostaglandin F2.alpha. receptor is produced. Suitable host system includes euk~tic and prokaryotic cells, especially mammalian cells such as rat or human. Additionally, for diagnostic purposes, antibodies ~ prostaglandin F2.alpha. receptor can be prepared by producing all or a portion of the receptor protein and injecting these into various types of mammals. Using the resulting antibodies, expression of an F2.alpha. receptor cDNA, i.e. receptor protein in tissue and cells can be measured.