anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Pulmonary injury and fibrosis can be caused by various factors because of their inflammatory nature, both can lead to serious clinical consequences. Inula japonica Thunb. is used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of lung diseases. However, the effect and mechanism of action of the essential oil of I. japonica (EOI) on pulmonary injury and fibrosis are not well understood.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the therapeutic effects of EOI on mice with bleomycin (BLM)-induced acute pulmonary injury and chronic fibrosis formation, as well as its potential mechanism.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A short-term mouse model of pulmonary injury was established by intratracheal injection of BLM to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of EOI, and a long-term model of pulmonary fibrosis was used to explore the anti-fibrosis effect of EOI. High-dose EOI (200 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically, and low-dose (50 mg/kg) was administered by intratracheal injection. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the ingredients in EOI, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed for the preparation of EOI compounds. Western blot and real-time qPCR were used to verify the effects of EOI and its active composition on inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis signaling pathway.
RESULTS: Treatment with EOI significantly reduced the inflammation and oxidative stress by reducing the levels of inflammatory and oxidative cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and malondialdehyde in BLM-treated mice with acute pulmonary injury. EOI treatment could also suppress the formation of fibrous tissue in mice with BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting TGF-β/Smad and PI3K/Akt pathways. Chromatographic analysis and preparation suggested that fatty acid and phenol derivatives are present in EOI. Based on cellular inflammation and fibrosis models, the phenolic compounds in EOI can represent the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of EOI by regulating pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines such as NO, TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β1, and α-SMA.
CONCLUSION: EOI ameliorated BLM-induced pulmonary injury and fibrosis in mice by inhibiting the inflammatory response and regulating the redox equilibrium, as well as by mediating TGFβ/Smad and PI3K/Akt, which suggested that EOI has potential to treat pulmonary diseases.
A method, non-transitory computer readable medium, and pharmaceutical assessment computing device that effectively reformulates and repositions pharmaceutical molecule data. With this technology, therapeutic area data comprising a medical condition and pharmaceutical molecule data corresponding to the medical condition is obtained. The pharmaceutical molecule data comprises pharmaceutical molecule identifiers and usage data parameters with corresponding usage data values for each of the pharmaceutical molecule identifiers. Each of the usage data values is compared to a corresponding usage threshold value. Reformulation opportunities are determined for each of the pharmaceutical molecule identifiers comprising a usage data value that exceeds the corresponding usage threshold value. The reformulation opportunities comprise the usage data parameters and associated usage data values corresponding to the pharmaceutical molecule identifiers which comprise a usage data value that exceeds the corresponding usage threshold value. A pharmaceutical molecule report based on the reformulation opportunities is provided.
The application provides a preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicine composition, decoction and granules for preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, rhizoma gastrodiae calms liver yang, calms wind and stops spasm, dispels wind and unblocks collaterals; rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong has effects in promoting blood circulation, dispelling blood stasis, promoting qi circulation, resolving stagnation, dispelling pathogenic wind, and relieving pain; leech breaks blood and removes stasis, dredge channels and relieve stuffiness; radix tetrastigme has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispelling wind, eliminating phlegm and relieving pain. The four herbs are combined to resolve phlegm-dampness, remove stasis, relieve spasm and unblock collaterals, which are the monarch herbs. The Bulbus Allii Macrostemi and Lumbricus have effects of dispelling pathogenic wind, relieving spasm, eliminating phlegm, dredging collaterals, and resolving hard mass; radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, herba Leonuri, Hirudo and rhizoma Chuanxiong have effects in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis; the gynostemma pentaphylla and the kudzuvine root help the radix tetrastigme to clear away heat and toxic materials and are used as ministerial drugs. Radix astragali, radix Angelicae sinensis, fructus Lycii, fructus Ligustri Lucidi, cortex Cinnamomi, radix Angelicae Pubescentis, semen Cuscutae, rhizoma Curculiginis, rhizoma Dioscoreae, and herba Taxilli for dispelling cold and relieving pain, invigorating qi and blood, and coordinating yin and yang balance of viscera; the hawthorn can promote qi circulation and promote digestion; poria cocos, polygala root and rhizoma acori graminei are all adjuvant drugs for soothing the nerves and improving intelligence. The root of balloonflower moving qi and carrying the drug upward serves as a guiding drug. When used together, the Chinese medicinal composition can cure various diseases, thereby achieving the good effects of preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and treating both principal and secondary aspects of diseases.
The observed incidence of anti-drug antibodies is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Differences in assay methods preclude meaningful comparisons of the incidence of anti-drug antibodies in the studies described below with the incidence of anti-drug antibodies in other studies, including those of ADAKVEO or of other crizanlizumab products.

The immunogenicity of ADAKVEO was evaluated using a validated bridging immunoassay for the detection of binding anti-crizanlizumab-tmca antibodies. In a single arm, open label multiple dose study, 0 of the 45 patients with sickle cell disease treated with ADAKVEO 5 mg/kg tested positive for treatment-induced anti-crizanlizumab-tmca antibodies. In a single-dose study in healthy subjects, 1 of the 61 (1.6%) evaluable subjects tested positive for a treatment-induced anti-crizanlizumab-tmca antibodies. No treatment induced anti-crizanlizumab-tmca antibodies were detected (0 of 84 patients) in a Phase 3 study at 5 mg/kg over the 52 week time period (samples collected at baseline, Weeks 3, 15, 19, 27, and 51). Therefore, no significant effect on pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics has been observed or is expected.
Sarcomatoid transformation occurs in ∼8% of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) and is associated with aggressive clinical behavior. In recent years, several studies have identified genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic correlates of aggressive behavior in chRCC; however, the molecular mechanisms associated with sarcomatoid transformation remain incompletely understood. In this study, we analyzed paired conventional and sarcomatoid histologic components of individual chRCC to elucidate the genomic alterations that underlie sarcomatoid transformation in this tumor type. Massively parallel sequencing was performed on paired (conventional and sarcomatoid) components from 8 chRCCs. All cases harbored TP53 variants (87.5% showing TP53 variants in both components and 12.5% only in the sarcomatoid component). Intratumor comparisons revealed that TP53 variants were concordant in 71% and discordant in 29% of cases. Additional recurrent single-nucleotide variants were found in RB1 (37.5% of cases) and PTEN (25% of cases), with the remaining single-nucleotide variants detected in these tumors (PBRM1, NF1, and ASXL1) being nonrecurrent. Copy number variant analysis showed the characteristic pattern of chromosomal losses associated with chRCC (1, 2, 6, 10, 13, 17, and 21) in the conventional histologic components only. Interestingly, the sarcomatoid components of these tumors demonstrated widespread loss of heterozygosity but lacked the above chromosomal losses, likely as a consequence of whole-genome duplication/imbalanced chromosomal duplication events. Overall, the findings suggest that TP53 variants followed by whole-genome duplication/imbalanced chromosomal duplication events underlie sarcomatoid transformation in chRCC.
Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006) is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor with effects on tumor proliferation and angiogenesis. Sorafenib is approved for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cancer and unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The recommended daily dose of Sorafenib is 400 mg (2 x 200 mg tablets) taken twice daily without food (at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal). Studies of single-agent sorafenib showed treatment was well-tolerated with manageable side effects. The results seen with sorafenib in the Phase III (SHARP) trial suggest that VEGF and RAF kinase inhibition prolong survival in patients with advanced HCC. It is not known whether a drug which is considered primarily cytostatic will be effective in preventing cancer recurrences in the setting of minimal residual disease.

This is a phase I, single center, open-label, dose-escalation study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and overall safety profile of daily sorafenib as therapy to prevent HCC recurrence in liver transplant subjects with high-risk HCC. For each subject, the study will consist of two phases: a treatment phase and an extension phase.
SERNIVO Spray can produce reversible hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression with the potential for glucocorticosteroid insufficiency. This may occur during or after withdrawal of treatment. Factors that predispose to HPA axis suppression include the use of high-potency corticosteroids, large treatment surface areas, prolonged use, use of occlusive dressings, altered skin barrier, liver failure, and young age.

Evaluation for HPA axis suppression may be done by using the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test.

In a study including 48 evaluable subjects 18 years of age or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, abnormal ACTH stimulation test results suggestive of adrenal suppression were identified in 5 out of 24 (20.8%) subjects after treatment with SERNIVO Spray twice daily for 15 days. No subject (0 out of 24) had abnormal ACTH stimulation test results after treatment with SERNIVO Spray twice daily for 29 days [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].

If HPA axis suppression is documented, gradually withdraw the drug, reduce the frequency of application, or substitute with a less potent corticosteroid. If signs and symptoms of steroid withdrawal occur, supplemental systemic corticosteroids may be required.

Systemic effects of topical corticosteroids may also manifest as Cushing’s syndrome, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria. These events are rare and generally occur after prolonged exposure to larger than recommended doses, particularly with high-potency topical corticosteroids.

Minimize the unwanted risks from endocrine effects by mitigating the risk factors favoring increased systemic bioavailability and by using the product as recommended [see Dosage and Administration (2)].

Pediatric patients may be more susceptible to systemic toxicity due to their larger skin surface to body mass ratios. Use of SERNIVO Spray is not recommended in pediatric patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].
Disease-causing microorganisms such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are among the primary contributors to morbidity and mortality of diarrhea in humans. Considering the challenges associated with antibiotic use, including antimicrobial resistance, this study aimed to develop a novel zinc-based agent for bacterial inactivation. To this end, zinc caproate (ZnCA) was synthesized using caproic acid (CA) and zinc oxide (ZnO) in anhydrous ethanol via the solvothermal method. Structural characterization techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealed the bidentate bridging coordination of zinc atoms with CA. The resulting two-dimensional ZnCA network was found to be composed of a distinct lamellar pattern, without any evident inter-layer interactions. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis, and melting point analysis confirmed that ZnCA had an average particle size of 1.320 µm, a melting point of 147.2 °C, and a purity exceeding 98 %. Remarkably, ZnCA demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, which exceeded the antibacterial efficacy of ZnO. ZnCA exerted its antibacterial effects by inhibiting biofilm formation, disrupting cell membrane integrity, increasing cell membrane permeability, and altering intracellular Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity. These findings highlight the potential of ZnCA as a promising antibiotic substitute for the treatment of diarrhea in humans.
The subject invention pertains to methods to enhance the therapeutic effects of cellular or drug treatment in various diseases and disorders. More particularly, the present invention provides methods of treating disorders by administering CTX0E03 cells to the patient, intravenously or intraarterially. The treatment is useful for neurodegenerative diseases, such as stroke. The CTX0E03 cells may be cryopreserved and/or passaged before administration into the patient. Administration of the CTX0E03 cells into stroke rat models was at or within 48 hours after stroke. Testing of the rat models through elevated body swing test to measure of neurobehavioral status at the time of transplant and repeated triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining as a measure of infarct volume showed short term survival that provided significant protection from the stroke.
Patients meeting clinical and anatomical pre-requisites will undergo TAVI with the LOTUS or Acurate Neo heart valve system (or subsequent CE marked iterations) and LAA closure with the WATCHMAN device in the same setting. Dual antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel and acetylsalicylic acid) will be prescribed for 6 months followed acetylsalicylic acid indefinitely. Follow-up will be performed after 1 month, 6 months and 1 year.
IIn this group the SCS DTM™ workflow will be programmed. Each SCS DTM™ program group has at least two programs with different pulse rate in the 20 to 1,200 Hz range and each having a maximum pulse width of 1ms.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare a preparation capable of being administered in a small dose and useful for treatment of pain by including a calcium-channel antagonist and a specific analgesic in combination. SOLUTION: This preparation includes both tramadol of an analgesic in a form of a free base or a physiologically acceptable salt and at least one kind of calcium channel antagonist in separated formulations or a same formulation. The tramadol is preferably used in a form of a hydrochloride. The calcium- channel antagonist of dihydropyridine-type, benzothiazepine-type, etc., is suitable. The preparation includes 10-800mg, especially 20-400mg of the tramadol hydrochloride, and 1/4 of the minimum effective dose to the maximum daily dose, especially 1/4 of the minimum effective dose to 1/2 of the maximum daily dose of the calcium-channel antagonist. The preparation does not cause a remarkable respiratory depression and has low possibility of causing tolerance to drug, dependence and abuse.
Hydrogels based on natural polymers have lightened the path of novel drug delivery systems, wound healing, and tissue engineering fields because they are renewable, non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable. Furthermore, applying modified hydrogels can upgrade their biological activity. Herein, Chitosan (CS) was used to create a hydrogel using terephthaloyl thiourea as a cross-linker. Silk fibroin (SF) and carbon nitride (CN) were added to the hydrogel to enhance its strength and biocompatibility. Finally, CS hydrogel/SF/CN was in situ magnetized using Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and manufactured as a nanobiocomposite for improved hyperthermia. The structural properties of the nanobiocomposite were assessed using several analytical techniques, including VSM, FTIR, TGA, EDX, XRD, and FESEM. The saturation magnetization of this magnetic nanocomposite was 23.94 emu/g. The hemolytic experiment on the nanobiocomposite resulted in ca. 98 % cell survival, with a hemolysis rate of 1.69 %. Anticancer property is confirmed by a 20.0 % reduction in cell viability of BT549 cells at 1.75 mg/mL concentration compared to 0.015 mg/mL. The nanocomposite is non-toxic to the human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293T), indicating its potential for biomedical applications. Finally, the magnetic nanocomposite's hyperthermia behavior was examined using a specific absorption rate (SAR), achieving the highest value of 47.44 W/g at 200.0 kHz. When subjected to an alternating magnetic field, the nanobiocomposite may perform well in hyperthermia therapy. These results indicate that the magnetic nanobiocomposite has the potential to perform well in hyperthermia therapy when subjected to an alternating magnetic field.
BACKGROUND: Preventable blindness is a global public health problem. In South Africa (SA) the prevalence of blindness is increasing, with a higher proportion of cataracts than the global norm, and a large rural population with limited access to specialised eye-care services.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of knowledge regarding preventable blindness and treatment options within a rural and urban population.
SETTING: Rural and urban areas in the Eastern Cape, SA.
METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 309 participants. Questionnaires were administered by fieldworkers at the different sites. Proportions were calculated and χ2 tests done to determine whether there was any significant relationship between the categorical variables. Data analysis was done using Stata version 15.
RESULTS: Participants were almost equally distributed among the urban (49.2%) and rural areas (50.8%). Both groups had a similar composition of males and females. Most participants had completed high school. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the urban and rural participants' knowledge about the causes of blindness: refractive error χ 2 (1, N=30) = 8.20, p<0.05, and cataract χ2 (1, N=28) = 8.64, p<0.05. The top two differences in the views between urban and rural participants regarding symptoms associated with eye problems (p<0.05) were: 'people who need spectacles have double vision', χ2 (1, N=122) = 28.19; and 'people who need spectacles squint their eyes', χ2 (1, N=124) = 17.37. The majority of urban participants reported opting to go to a private optometrist for eye health services, while the majority of rural participants would go to a pharmacy. Both groups were aware of the role of ageing in blindness.
CONCLUSION: Urban participants in this study appeared to be more knowledgeable than rural participants about the causes and symptoms of blindness and its treatment options. These findings should provide some value to those who provide primary healthcare services in rural areas as there is a clear opportunity for patient education and health promotion regarding the causes and symptoms of these common preventable causes of blindness. Addressing this knowledge gap regarding the causes and symptoms of blindness and the treatment options is a critical first step for awareness programmes in rural areas. Without this, there will be little demand for any treatment or service. Future studies are needed to understand which health promotion interventions are effective in preventable blindness in rural populations.
Individuals at risk for metS and those with metS went through an 8-week dietary intervention called FRUVEDomics to increase fruit and vegetable consumption measuring metabolome and microbiome markers with health-related behaviors. In this arm, individuals were assigned to a diet of 50% fruit and vegetables plus low fat.
In a process for obtaining tamarind seed jellose from an aqueous extract obtained by treating seeds of Tamarindus indica Linn. with hot water, one or more of sodium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, magnesium sulphate and aluminium sulphate is added to the extract, thereby coagulating the jellose, the resulting coagulate is separated, and jellose is recovered therefrom.  The aqueous extract of jellose may be obtained by blowing steam into an aqueous dispersion of ground, bleached seeds.  The sulphate may be added in solid form or as a concentrated aqueous solution, to the aqueous extract at 70 DEG  C.  The coagulated jellose may be separated by sieving, and occluded salt is preferably removed from the coagulate by washing with an aqueous lower aliphatic alcohol, e.g. ethanol alcohol concentration 20-40% by weight.  The salt-free coagulate may be centrifuged and dried.
The invention relates to the process for producing a novel multi-purpose agglomerated cellulosic excipient. This excipient replaces many ingredients in the production of tablets due to the fact that it functions as a diluent, a disintegrating agent and an agglutinant, all in the same material. This material is therefore ideal for producing tablets in a dry process such as direct compression and dry granulation, saving production times and costs, especially in humidity- and heat-sensitive drugs. The tablets produced using said excipient disintegrate rapidly by explosion when they come into contact with water. In addition, said excipient can be used to produce loose and compact make-up powders due to its self-agglutinating and sensory properties on the skin, and also functions as a dispersant agent that can be used in the production of semisolid products. It can further be used to produce granules and beads or as a diluent in formulations of hard gelatin capsules, and since it is a source of high fibre, it is a good replacement for insoluble dietary fibre.
329,605. Schering-Kahlbaum Akt.- Ges. Oct. 13, 1928, [Convention date]. Medicines for internal use.-The hormone which occurs in the anterior lobe of the hypophysis is obtained from the urine of pregnant warmblooded animals by precipitating lime from the filtered urine by addition of alkali or ammonium oxalate or other salt of an acid which forms a difficultly soluble calcium salt. After separation of the precipitate, the liquid is treated with an organic liquid such as alcohol to precipitate the hormone. Specification 295,680 is referred to.