anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Patients with myocardial infarction (MI) frequently experience a heightened incidence of depression, thereby increasing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Consequently, early detection and intervention in depressive symptoms among patients with MI are imperative. Shexiang Baoxin Pills (SBP), a Chinese patent medicine employed for the treatment of MI, exhibits diverse mechanisms targeting this condition. Nevertheless, its therapeutic efficacy on postmyocardial infarction depressive symptoms remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and mechanism of SBP in managing depression during acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
METHODS: A rat model combining MI and depression was established, and the rats were randomly divided into four groups: the model (MOD) group, SBP group, Fluoxetine (FLX) group, and Sham group. After 28 days of drug intervention, cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography while behavior was evaluated through sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST), and open-field test (OFT). Additionally, levels of inflammatory factors in serum and hippocampus were measured along with NLRP3 inflammasome-related protein expression via Western blotting and immunofluorescence.
RESULTS: SBP can enhance cardiac function in rats with AMI and depression, while significantly ameliorating depressive-like behavior. Compared to the Sham group, levels of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, and other inflammatory factors were markedly elevated in the MOD group. However, expressions of these inflammatory factors were reduced to varying degrees following treatment with SBP or FLX. Analysis of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins in the hippocampus revealed a significant upregulation of IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and GSDMD in the MOD group; conversely, these measures were significantly attenuated after SBP intervention.
CONCLUSION: We have observed a significant amelioration in depression-like behavior upon SBP administration during the treatment of AMI, suggesting that this effect may be attributed to the inhibition of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. (The main findings are summarized in the graphical abstract in the supplementary file.).
Patient perspective is essential as medicine progresses to become more patient centered. FACE-Q is a recently developed and validated patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) tool that allows clinicians to assess patient perspectives after skin cancer surgery of the face. The FACE-Q has more than 40 independent scales and checklist each measuring different patient reported outcomes (PRO).

The FACE-Q utilizes five scales to measure the psychometric, QoL, patient experience, and cosmetic outcomes. The FACE-Q was validated in both surgical and non-surgical patients. This is a single-center project to establish a prospective database of clinical information from patients who utilize FACE-Q in a clinical investigation. This database is being established in efforts to promote research in various patient populations Rationale The purpose of this prospective database would be to evaluate levels of satisfaction and QoL across various interventions and patient populations after using the FACE-Q PROM. Long term data collection will include information related to QoL, patient experience, and cosmetic outcomes. Many areas related to patient reported outcomes in the context of facial reconstruction surgery are in their early years. There are many areas of research needed to aid in clinical decision making. The database will allow these questions to be answered using a retrospective model and will provide the background information required to mount larger scale randomized controlled trials, when possible. Information collected in the database will also allow meaningful research to be conducted in a timely and cost-effective manner. For example database information could help answer, "Which patient characteristics are associated with higher FACE-Q scores in non-melanoma facial cancer patients?". The investigators will initiate a line of investigations that will characterize adults who use the FACE-Q in various clinical contexts with the ultimate goal of improving patient outcomes.

The study was designed in concordance with the Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research (EQUATOR) reporting guidelines using: The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE), and Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) statements as well as based off previous prospective studies that used FACE-Q for PROMs.
AKEEGA may cause hypokalemia and fluid retention as a consequence of increased mineralocorticoid levels resulting from CYP17 inhibition [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)] . In post-marketing experience, QT prolongation and Torsades de Pointes have been observed in patients who develop hypokalemia while taking abiraterone acetate, a component of AKEEGA. Hypertension and hypertensive crisis have also been reported in patients treated with niraparib, a component of AKEEGA. 

In MAGNITUDE Cohort 1, which used prednisone 10 mg daily in combination with AKEEGA, Grades 3–4 hypokalemia was detected in 2.7% of patients on the AKEEGA arm and Grades 3–4 hypertension were observed in 14% of patients on the AKEEGA arm.

The safety of AKEEGA in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II to IV heart failure has not been established because these patients were excluded from MAGNITUDE.

Monitor patients for hypertension, hypokalemia, and fluid retention at least weekly for the first two months, then once a month. Closely monitor patients whose underlying medical conditions might be compromised by increases in blood pressure, hypokalemia, or fluid retention, such as those with heart failure, recent myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, or ventricular arrhythmia. Control hypertension and correct hypokalemia before and during treatment with AKEEGA.

Discontinue AKEEGA in patients who develop hypertensive crisis or other severe cardiovascular adverse reactions.
BACKGROUND: Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) induces ulcerative colitis (UC), a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that leads to inflammation, swelling, and ulcers in the large intestine. The aim of this experimental study is to examine how sinomenine, a plant-derived alkaloid, can prevent or reduce the damage caused by DSS in the colon and rectum of rats.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Induction of ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats was achieved by orally administering a 2% Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) solution, while the rats concurrently received oral administrations of sinomenine and sulfasalazine. The food, water intake was estimated. The body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length and spleen index estimated. Antioxidant, cytokines, inflammatory parameters and mRNA expression were estimated. The composition of gut microbiota was analyzed at both the phylum and genus levels in the fecal samples obtained from all groups of rats.
RESULTS: Sinomenine treatment enhanced the body weight, colon length and reduced the DAI, spleen index. Sinomenine treatment remarkably suppressed the level of NO, MPO, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 along with alteration of antioxidant parameters such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and MDA. Sinomenine treatment also decreased the cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18 in the serum and colon tissue; inflammatory parameters viz., PAF, COX-2, PGE2, iNOS, NF-κB; matrix metalloproteinases level such as MMP-1 and MMP-2. Sinomenine significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced the level of HO-1 and Nrf2. Sinomenine altered the mRNA expression of RIP1, RIP3, DRP3, NLRP3, IL-1β, caspase-1 and IL-18. Sinomenine remarkably altered the relative abundance of gut microbiota like firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, F/B ratio, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacteria.
CONCLUSION: The results clearly indicate that sinomenine demonstrated a protective effect against DSS-induced inflammation, potentially through the modulation of inflammatory pathways and gut microbiota.
To benchmark the performance of benzathine penicillin in the study population being used for cefixime, the investigators will include a contemporary arm of participants that will receive standard of care treatment with benzathine penicillin according to the Brazil national STI treatment guidelines. The investigators will use a ratio of 2 patients receiving cefixime to 1 patient receiving benzathine penicillin.
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: soluble biologically active copolymers containing additional chemotherapeutic agent and additional photo-sensibilizers linked by means of enzymatically splittable links. The preparation has both anti-cancer remedy and light-activated medicine attached to the copolymeric carriers. The carriers are selectable from a group incorporating a) copolymeric carrier having anti-cancer agent and light-activated medicine attached to it; b) mixture of copolymeric carriers, one of which carries an anti-cancer agent and the other one carries a light-activated medicine; c) combination of a) and b). Anti-cancer agent is attached to a copolymeric carrier by means of lateral chains which are stable in animal blood circulation system but yield to intracellular hydrolysis through lysosomous enzymes. Light-activated medicine is attachable to a copolymeric carrier by means of splittable lateral chain of the same kind or by means of a non-splittable compound. The preparation being introduced and optional delay for giving time for the copolymer to be absorbed in the cancer tissue being hold, corresponding light sources are to be switched on at the beginning of anti-cancer preparation action period. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness in destroying cancer cells; low doses of drugs.
The prevalence of chronic periodontitis is about 40% among the Swedish adult population. The key-factor for the prevention of periodontal disease progression is the establishment of periodontal infection control, by means of adequate daily oral hygiene. Hence, a main task for dental professionals is to educate and motivate the patient to such beneficial behavior. A hypothesis for the current study is that patient centered health promotion programs based on cognitive behavioral theory and principles and with a directive communicative approach, i.e. motivational interviewing techniques, add positive and lasting effects to standard educational interventions on self-performed periodontal infection control.

This randomized clinical field study involves 30 professionals (dental hygienists) and about 350 adolescent patients at 16 dental clinics in the Västra Götaland Region, Sweden. The approach in the evaluation is on patient-centered outcomes and health economics.
Patients with acute on chronic liver failure will receive CytoSorb treatment for 72 hours. The aim is to remove the molecules that drive systemic inflammation.
The ventilator mode was changed from SIMV to PSV before LRM. After that, the abdominal pressure cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR-LW100) instrument was adopted and adsorbed on the epigastrium of patients. The LRM was performed by pulling up (tension of 20-30 kg) and compressing downward (tension\<10 kg) alternately on the abdomen of the patients with a frequency of 12 times per minute to support and maintain breathing. The whole LRM procedure lasted for 3 minutes in total . After LRM, the ventilator mode was changed to its baseline settings.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the study design and procedures of the incontinence post robot- assisted radical prostatectomy, anatomical and functional causes (IPA) trial. This trial aims to identify and study patient and procedure specific factors leading to urinary incontinence post robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The IPA study is a prospective, multicentre, open non-randomised surgical trial, including patients prior to RALP and registered on-line (ISRCTN67297115). IPA is administered from the Department of Urology at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Patients undergo an anatomical and functional evaluation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), urodynamics including cystometry, pressure-flow and urethral pressure profile, and dynamic transrectal ultrasound prior to and 3 months after RALP. The incontinence data are gathered using patient reported outcome measure questionnaires. The primary endpoint is incontinence at 3 months after RALP, defined as need of any pad. The secondary endpoints are incontinence 12 months post RALP defined as need of any pad, and 3- and 12-months post RALP, defined as use of more than a safety pad.
RESULTS: Until October 2023, 207 patients have been included of the stipulated 1,000, with an increasing rate of accrual. Out of these patients,187 have had a pre- and post-operative MRI and 177 have undergone pre- and post-operative urodynamics.
CONCLUSIONS: The design of the IPA study, together with promising accrual and coming multicentre inclusion, will hopefully result in the identification, and deeper understanding, of the various risk-factors for post-RALP incontinence. This could improve information and decision making regarding adequate treatment for patients with prostate cancer.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the validity of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) treated with surgery.
BACKGROUND: The ODI is a patient-reported outcome measure of low back pain and disability. Although nearly ubiquitous in ASD research, the measure has not been validated in this patient population.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A registry of patients with ASD was queried for baseline and 1-year PROM data, including the ODI, the Scoliosis Research Society-22r (SRS-22r), and the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Pain Interference (PI) and Physical Function (PF) CATs. Internal reliability was assessed with Cronbach alpha, where values ≥0.7 are considered reliable. Validity was assessed with Spearman correlation coefficients calculated for the ODI against validated Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-PI and PF, and legacy measures SRS-Pain and SRS-Activity. Responsiveness to change was measured with the adjusted effect size.
RESULTS: A total of 325 patients were enrolled, with 208 completing baseline and 1-year patient-reported outcome measures. The majority (149, 72%) were females and White (193, 93%), median Charlson Comorbidity Index 0 (interquartile range: 0-2). The majority of cases included sagittal plane deformity [mean T1PA: 24.2° (13.9)]. Cronbach alpha showed excellent internal reliability (baseline = 0.89, 1 yr = 0.90). ODI was valid, with strong correlations between PROMIS-PI, PROMIS-PF, SRS-Pain, and SRS-Activity at baseline and 1-year follow-up. All measures were responsive to change, with the ODI showing greater responsiveness than PROMIS-PI, PROMIS-PF, and SRS-Activity.
CONCLUSIONS: The ODI is a valid measure of disability as measured by pain and function in patients with ASD. It is responsive to change in a manner not different from validated PROMIS-CAT or the SRS-22r legacy measure. It is multidimensional, however, as it assesses both pain and function simultaneously. It does not measure disability related to self-image and may not account for all disease-related disability in patients with ASD.
A major depressive episode may be the initial presentation of bipolar disorder. It is generally believed (though not established in controlled trials) that treating such an episode with an antidepressant alone may increase the likelihood of precipitation of a mixed/manic episode in patients at risk for bipolar disorder. Whether any of the symptoms described above represent such a conversion is unknown. However, prior to initiating treatment with an antidepressant, patients with depressive symptoms should be adequately screened to determine if they are at risk for bipolar disorder; such screening should include a detailed psychiatric history, including a family history of suicide, bipolar disorder, and depression. It should be noted that Aplenzin is not approved for use in treating bipolar depression.

Patients should be made aware that Aplenzin contains bupropion, the same active ingredient found in ZYBAN, used as an aid to smoking cessation treatment, and that Aplenzin should not be used in combination with ZYBAN, or any other medications that contain bupropion, such as WELLBUTRIN XL® (bupropion hydrochloride extended-release formulation), WELLBUTRIN SR (bupropion hydrochloride sustained-release formulation), or WELLBUTRIN (bupropion hydrochloride immediate-release formulation). [See also PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION (17)]
Written and verbal consent will be obtained by explaining the purpose of the study at the first interview with the couples in the pregnant outpatient clinic. Then, from the couples, "Personal Information Form-Female (PIF-F), Personal Information Form-Male (PIF-M)", "Antenatal Mother Attachment Scale (PAAS)", "Antenatal Father Attachment Scale (PABB)", Pre-test data will be obtained through the "Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Scale (RCAS)" and "State Anxiety Inventory (DQS)". After the attempt to imagine the baby by listening to the fetal heart beats for 5 consecutive nights, the measurement tools will be obtained at the end of the 5th night by re-measurements. A total of 2 measurements, one pre-test and one post-intervention post-test, will be performed, and it is planned to take approximately 15 minutes for each couple to apply the measurement tools.
For idiopathic overactive bladder, 100 units of onabotulinumtoxinA mixed in 10mL of injectable saline injected in 5 sites with 2mL per injection in an "X" configuration on posterior wall of the bladder above the trigone. For neurogenic overactive bladder, 200 units of onabotulinumtoxinA mixed in 10mL of injectable saline injected in 5 sites with 2mL per injection in an "X" configuration on posterior wall of the bladder above the trigone.
Chronic neuropathic pain and comorbid depression syndrome (CDS) is a major worldwide health problem that affects the quality of life of patients and imposes a tremendous socioeconomic burden. More than half of patients with chronic neuropathic pain also suffer from moderate or severe depression. Due to the complex pathogenesis of CDS, there are no effective therapeutic drugs available. The lack of research on the neural circuit mechanisms of CDS limits the development of treatments. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the various circuits involved in CDS. Notably, activating some neural circuits can alleviate pain and/or depression, while activating other circuits can exacerbate these conditions. Moreover, we discuss current and emerging pharmacotherapies for CDS, such as ketamine. Understanding the circuit mechanisms of CDS may provide clues for the development of novel drug treatments for improved CDS management.
Patients, older than 18 years, with diagnosed HNSCC, attending the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery or ENT Department at Charité for a treatment with curative intension ( primary surgery +/- combined with adjuvant (R(C)T)). All patients received as pretherapeutic diagnostic method a 18F-Fluorodesoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
Arachnoid cysts are sacs within the arachnoid membrane, filled with cerebrospinal fluid, and overwhelmingly asymptomatic; however, they can also lead to neurological symptoms such as epilepsy. The dependence of AC on epilepsy has been a subject of controversy because of studies with mixed results on whether AC contributes to seizure activity. This is a narrative review for the synthesis of available present research on the pathophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy, clinical presentation, and treatment options in patients with epilepsy and ACs. Some find no impactful association between ACs and seizures, while others point out the probable role of ACs in Epileptogenesis. Endoscopic fenestration and similar surgical interventions were found quite effective at reducing the frequency of seizures for selected patients, although not all of them achieve complete seizure control. Such a decision needs to be tailored on the basis of considerations such as localization and size of cysts and general health conditions. Future research should investigate the genetic and molecular basis of ACs and, based on large prospective long-term studies, define the AC-epilepsy relationship and refine treatment strategies in affected individuals.
3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is strongly believed to be an irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial complex II, leading to neural damage. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of silymarin against 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity in male mice. Six-week-old mice received subacute doses of 3-NP intraperitoneally for 17 days. Mice were given silymarin (70 mg/kg/day, P.O.) for 2 weeks before 3-NP administration or for 4 weeks after 3-NP administration. At the end of the treatment schedule, animals were evaluated for behavioral alterations. Subsequently, neuronal damage in the hippocampus region of the brain tissues, oxidative stress-related parameters (lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity), and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-1β) levels were evaluated. Our results indicated that 3-NP treatment significantly (p < 0.05) tended to reduce motor coordination, memory, and neuronal antioxidant status while increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. However, silymarin in both treatment and pretreatment protocols markedly (p < 0.05) attenuated the behavioral deficits, oxidative stress status, and neuroinflammation. The results of the current study suggest that the neuroprotective effect of silymarin against 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity might be due to the mitigation of oxidative stress status and provide insight into the therapeutic potential of silymarin.
The present study establishes a link between blood flow energy transformations in coronary atherosclerotic lesions and clinical outcomes. The predictive capacity for future myocardial infarction (MI) was compared with that of established quantitative coronary angiography (QCA)-derived predictors. Angiography-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed on 80 human coronary lesions culprit of MI within 5 years and 108 non-culprit lesions for future MI. Blood flow energy transformations were assessed in the converging flow segment of the lesion as ratios of kinetic and rotational energy values (KER and RER, respectively) at the QCA-identified minimum lumen area and proximal lesion sections. The anatomical and functional lesion severity were evaluated with QCA to derive percentage area stenosis (%AS), vessel fractional flow reserve (vFFR), and translesional vFFR (ΔvFFR). Wall shear stress profiles were investigated in terms of topological shear variation index (TSVI). KER and RER predicted MI at 5 years (AUC = 0.73, 95% CI 0.65-0.80, and AUC = 0.76, 95% CI 0.70-0.83, respectively; p < 0.0001 for both). The predictive capacity for future MI of KER and RER was significantly stronger than vFFR (p = 0.0391 and p = 0.0045, respectively). RER predictive capacity was significantly stronger than %AS and ΔvFFR (p = 0.0041 and p = 0.0059, respectively). The predictive capacity for future MI of KER and RER did not differ significantly from TSVI. Blood flow kinetic and rotational energy transformations were significant predictors for MI at 5 years (p < 0.0001). The findings of this study support the hypothesis of a biomechanical contribution to the process of plaque destabilization/rupture leading to MI.