anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In one clinical trial, the dose of alfentanil required to produce anesthesia, as determined by appearance of delta waves in EEG, was 40% lower in geriatric patients than that needed in healthy young patients. 

The initial dose of Alfentanil HCl Injection should be appropriately reduced in elderly. Patients over the age of 65 have been found to have reduced plasma clearance and extended terminal elimination which may prolong postoperative recovery. 

Elderly patients (aged 65 years or older) may have increased sensitivity to alfentanil. In general, use caution when selecting a dosage for an elderly patient, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. 

Respiratory depression is the chief risk for elderly patients treated with opioids, and has occurred after large initial doses were administered to patients who were not opioid-tolerant or when opioids were co-administered with other agents that depress respiration. Titrate the dosage of Alfentanil HCl Injection slowly in geriatric patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].

This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of mini-track, mini-nephroscopy and mini-ultrasonic probe percutaneous nephrolithotomy (3mPCNL) for the treatment of 1.5-2.5 cm kidney stones.
METHODS: The perioperative data and postoperative follow-up data of a total of 25 patients with about 1.5-2.5 cm kidney stones who underwent 3mPCNL under ultrasound guidance in Peking University People's Hospital from November 2023 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. During the matching period, the 25 patients with 1.5-2.5 cm kidney stones receiving standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (sPCNL) were matched one-to-one according to the criterion that the absolute difference of the maximum diameter of stones between the two groups was less than 1 mm. The operative time, renal function changes, postoperative stone-free rate, hemoglobin changes, and complication rate of the two treatments were compared, and then the effectiveness and safety of 3mPCNL were preliminarily analyzed.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences in mean age, preoperative median creatinine, preoperative mean hemoglobin, preoperative mean hematocrit, median stone maximum diameter, and median stone CT density between the 3mPCNL group and the sPCNL group. The median operation time in the 3mPCNL group was 60.0 (45.0-110.0) min, with no statistical significance compared with the sPCNL group, and all the patients underwent single-channel operations. The mean hemoglobin after operation in the 3mPCNL group was (115.3±15.5) mmol/L, and there was no significant difference between the preoperative group and the sPCNL group, and the mean hemoglobin decreased significantly between the sPCNL group and the sPCNL group [(9.5±2.2) mmol/L vs. (10.1±1.9) mmol/L]. The mean hematocrit after operation was (28.0±5.2)%, and the difference was statistically significant compared with that before operation (t=2.414, P=0.020). The mean hematocrit drop was not statistically signi-ficant compared with the sPCNL group (2.3% vs. 2.7%). The median serum creatinine in the 3mPCNL group was 74.0 (51.0-118.0) μmol/L after operation, and the difference was statistically significant compared with that before operation (Z=-2.980, P=0.005). The stone-free rate in the 3mPCNL group and the sPCNL group was 96.0% and 97.3%, respectively, and the mean hospital stay was (4.3± 1.4) d and (5.5±2.0) d, respectively, with the statistical significance (t=0.192, P=0.025). After the operation, one patient in sPCNL group had massive hemorrhage after the nephrostomy tube was removed, which was improved after selective renal artery embolization. One patient in the 3mPCNL group developed mild perirenal hematoma, which was improved after conservative treatment, and no complications were observed in the other patients.
CONCLUSION: 3mPCNL in the treatment of 1.5-2.5 cm kidney stones can achieve an effective rate comparable to sPCNL, and can achieve the ideal stone-free rate in a shorter operative time with a lower rate of surgery-related complications.
After slow propofol induction and standard monitoring with BIS EEG monitor. The propofol infusion guided by iTIVA simulator (Android / iOS) using Eleveld kinetic model. LOC (defined as loss of response to loud call and shoulder movement-touch), the same concentration of propofol will be maintained for 5 minutes to assess EEG stability. .Intubation will proceed as usual, starting remifentanil at 4.5 ng/ml and rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg/kg. After 5 min and before the start of surgery, propofol will be infused at 15 mg/kg/h until 1% BSR is reached, observed on the BIS monitor, and then return to the rate that represents the LOC concentration. EEG data shall be retrieved from the BIS monitor via USB. Post hoc using the software tivatrainer.com we will simulate the Eleved calculated plasma concentration and the Bis prediction with our BIS real data.
PURPOSE: Our objective is to predict the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) and identify the specific subset within the population undergoing preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) and chromosomal structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) which is likely to exhibit a diminished expected CLBR based on various patient demographics.
METHODS: We performed a single-centre retrospective cohort study including 1522 women undergoing 3130 PGT cycles at a referral centre for PGT. A logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the CLBR per ovarian stimulation in women undergoing PGT-M by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, and in women undergoing PGT-SR by SNP array, array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) or next-generation sequencing (NGS).
RESULTS: The mean age of women was 32.6 years, with a mean AMH of 2.75 µg/L. Female age and AMH significantly affected the expected CLBR irrespective of the inheritance mode or PGT technology. An expected CLBR < 10% was reached above the age of 42 years and AMH ≤ 1.25 µg/L. We found no significant difference in outcome per ovarian stimulation between the different PGT technologies, i.e. PCR, SNP array, array CGH and NGS. Whereas per embryo transfer, we noticed a significantly higher probability of live birth when SNP array, array CGH and NGS were used as compared to PCR.
CONCLUSION: In a PGT-setting, couples with an unfavourable female age and AMH should be informed of the prognosis to allow other reproductive choices. The heatmap produced in this study can be used as a visual tool for PGT couples.
Inclusion criteria will be infants 30-34 weeks gestation. Exclusion criteria will be any infants with evidence of pre-existing skin condition, breakdown, rashes, or problems with skin integrity. Infants with a known neurological condition (hydrocephalus, Dandy Walker malformation, craniosynostosis, arteriovenous malformation) will be excluded as well. Also, secondary to the nature of the device and the surface area it takes up, infants on continuous positive airway pressure will be excluded as well.
Each patient shall receive a total of 3 treatments. Each treatment shall consist of applying the ultrasound device for 30 minutes to the skin surface, working the device methodically over the abdominal area. The device shall be set at the maximum emission level, have an intensity of approximately 1.0 watt/cm\^2.
PURPOSE: To assess the association between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) samples and disease recurrence.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included women aged 18 years and older who underwent treatment between January 2007 and December 2020. Male patients, individuals diagnosed with invasive or microinvasive disease based on anatomopathological examination of surgical specimens, and those with a personal history of any other cancers were excluded. Additionally, the presence of "touching TILs" (lymphocytes in direct contact with tumor cells) and periductal desmoplasia were evaluated as complementary methods to represent the immunological microenvironment. The primary outcome was relapse-free survival based on TIL quantification adjusted for potential confounders. Pathologists assessed TILs in the sample with the highest tumor representation and quantified them as a percentage. Survival was evaluated using Kaplan‒Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox regression models.
RESULTS: A total of 191 patients met the eligibility criteria. The mean follow-up duration was 77.2 months, with a recurrence rate of 9.2%. Patients with TILs ≥ 17% had a greater risk of recurrence (HR 2.97, 95% CI 1.17-7.51; p = 0.02). Additionally, focal necrosis (HR 6.4, 95% CI 1.39-34.71; p = 0.018) or comedonecrosis (HR 4.53, 95% CI 1.34-15.28; p = 0.015) were associated with increased recurrence risk. According to the multivariate model, comedonecrosis and TILs ≥ 17% were significantly associated with recurrence (p = 0.034 and p = 0.035, respectively). Regarding the evaluations of "touching TILs" and periductal desmoplasia, no statistical significance was found when assessing their association with disease recurrence.
CONCLUSION: In our cohort, a high percentage of TILs (≥ 17%) and the presence of comedonecrosis were independently associated with DCIS recurrence.
In Canada, most people prefer to die at home. However, the proportion of deaths that occur in hospital has increased over time. This study examined mortality rates and proportionate mortality in Innu communities in Labrador, and compared patterns to other communities in Labrador and Newfoundland. We conducted a cross-sectional ecological study with mortality data from the vital statistics system. This included information about all deaths in Newfoundland and Labrador from 1993 to 2018. We used descriptive statistics and rates to examine patterns by age, sex, cause and location. During the 2003 to 2018 period the leading cause of death in the Innu communities (excluding external causes) was cancer, followed by circulatory disease and respiratory disease. Between 1993 and 2018, there was a lower percentage of hospital deaths and a higher percentage of at home deaths in Innu communities than in the rest of the province. The majority of deaths among Innu were due to cancer and chronic diseases. We found a higher percentage of at home deaths in Innu communities compared to the rest of the province.
Overdosage of sulfonylureas including GLIPIZIDE XL can produce severe hypoglycemia. Mild hypoglycemic symptoms without loss of consciousness or neurologic findings should be treated with oral glucose. Severe hypoglycemic reactions with coma, seizure, or other neurological impairment are medical emergencies requiring immediate treatment. The patient should be treated with glucagon or intravenous glucose. Patients should be closely monitored for a minimum of 24 to 48 hours since hypoglycemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery. Clearance of glipizide from plasma may be prolonged in persons with liver disease. Because of the extensive protein binding of glipizide, dialysis is unlikely to be of benefit.
All subjects enrolled had to be consecutively evaluated in a routine peri-implant maintenance t with dental implants for fixed prosthesis rehabilitation with a minimum period of 12 months after final prosthesis delivery. Patients were contacted and informed to participate in a cross-sectional assessment to identify the presence of peri-implant diseases. Eligible implants had to be in an ideal prosthetically driven position, otherwise they were excluded from the analysis. Moreover, implants that could not be accurately recorded the probing depth due to inadequate prosthesis design were further excluded. Baseline periapical x-ray at time of prosthesis delivery was retrospective assessed to exclude implants with early peri-implant bone loss before function. A detailed description of risk factors and indicators of peri-implant disease were explained at the same stage. Additionally, patients were thoroughly instructed on plaque control home care strategies including but not limited to interdental brushes with nylon-coated core wire, soft toothbrushes (manual and power) and floss with stiffened end to clean under multiple units fixed-prosthesis. Moreover, treated patients were encouraged to routinely enroll in a peri-implant maintenance therapy program.

The present case-control study will be conducted in accordance with the Helsinki declaration of human studies and received approval from the ethics committee from the University of Extremadura (Badajoz, Spain). An informed written consent was signed from each subject enrolled in the present study.
Patients receive 177Lu-PSMA-617 IV on day 1 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 6 weeks for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also receive gallium Ga 68 gozetotide IV and undergo PET/CT at screening and on study, undergo SPECT/CT on study, and undergo collection of blood samples throughout the trial.
AIMS: The aim of this study was to report the long-term follow-up of cemented short Exeter femoral components when used in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).
METHODS: We included all primary 394 THAs with a cemented short Exeter femoral component (≤ 125 mm) used in our tertiary referral centre between October 1993 and December 2021. A total of 83 patients (21%) were male. The median age of the patients at the time of surgery was 42 years (interquartile range (IQR) 30 to 55). The main indication for THA was a childhood hip disease (202; 51%). The median follow-up was 6.7 years (IQR 3.1 to 11.0). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed to determine the rates of survival with femoral revision for any indication, for septic loosening, for fracture of the femoral component and for aseptic loosening as endpoints. The indications for revision were evaluated. Fractures of the femoral component were described in detail.
RESULTS: The 20-year rate of survival was 85.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 73.9 to 92.0) with revision for any indication, 96.2% (95% CI 90.5 to 98.5) with revision for septic loosening and 92.7% (95% CI 78.5 to 97.6) with revision for fracture of the femoral component. No femoral components were revised for aseptic loosening. There were 21 revisions of the femoral component; most (seven) as part of a two-stage management of infection. Fracture of the femoral component occurred in four THAs (1.0%) at 6.6, 11.6, 16.5, and 18.2 years of follow-up, respectively. Three of these were transverse fractures and occurred at the level of the lesser trochanter. In one THA, there was a fracture of the neck of the component.
CONCLUSION: THAs using cemented short Exeter femoral components showed acceptable rates of survival of the femoral component at long-term follow-up, in this young cohort of patients. Although fracture is a rare complication of these components, surgeons should be aware of their incidence and possible risk factors.
PURPOSE:To provide a non-irritative skin external agent containing urea and glycyrrhetic acid as active ingredients, good in stability, excellent in using touch, and useful for the therapy of skin hyperkeratosis and drying skin pruritus. CONSTITUTION:The skin external agent contains glycyrrhetic acid and urea in amounts of 0.1-0.5wt.% and 8-25wt.%, respectively, as active ingredients in the whole composition. 40-80wt.% of water and an oily base material component, an antiseptic agent, a neutralizing agent, a chelating agent, etc., are further added in suitable amounts, respectively, and prepared into the skin external agent by a conventional method. The skin external agent is preferably prepared into an emulsion, and 0.1-4wt.% of an emulsifier (e.g. sorbitan monostearate) is therein added for the emulsification of the raw materials. Finely ground glycyrrhetic acid having an average particle diameter of <=40mum is preferably used as the glycyrrhetic acid. The skin external agent has excellent moisture- retaining action, corneum-softening action, antipruritic action, and inflammatory action, and is useful for the therapy of infant xeroderma, senile xeroderma, shagreen skin, etc.
Risk Summary

Use of opioid analgesics for an extended period of time during pregnancy may cause neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]. Available data with meperidine is insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. Formal animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with meperidine. Neural tube defects (exencephaly and cranioschisis) have been reported in hamsters administered a single bolus dose of meperidine during a critical period of organogenesis at 0.85 and 1.5 times the total human daily dose of 1,200 mg [see Data].

Adverse outcomes in pregnancy can occur regardless of the health of the mother or the use of medications. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

Clinical Considerations

Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions: Use of opioid analgesics for an extended period of time during pregnancy for medical or nonmedical purposes can result in physical dependence in the neonate and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome shortly after birth.

Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome presents as irritability, hyperactivity and abnormal sleep pattern, high pitched cry, tremor, vomiting, diarrhea, and failure to gain weight. The onset, duration, and severity of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome vary based on the specific opioid used, duration of use, timing and amount of last maternal use, and rate of elimination of the drug by the newborn. Observe newborns for symptoms of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and manage accordingly [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].

Labor and Delivery: Opioids cross the placenta and may produce respiratory depression and psycho-physiologic effects in neonates. Resuscitation may be required [see Overdose (10)]. An opioid antagonist, such as naloxone, must be available for reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression in the neonate. Meperidine is not recommended for use in pregnant women during or immediately prior to labor, when other analgesic techniques are more appropriate. Opioid analgesics, including meperidine, can prolong labor through actions which temporarily reduce the strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions. However, this effect is not consistent and may be offset by an increased rate of cervical dilation, which tends to shorten labor. Monitor neonates exposed to opioid analgesics during labor for signs of excess sedation and respiratory depression.

Data

Animal Data: Formal reproductive and developmental toxicology studies for meperidine have not been completed.

In a published study, neural tube defects (exencephaly and cranioschisis) were noted following subcutaneous administration of meperidine hydrochloride (127 and 218 mg/kg, respectively) on Gestation Day 8 to pregnant hamsters (0.85 and 1.5 times the total daily dose of 1,200 mg/day based on body surface area). The findings cannot be clearly attributed to maternal toxicity.
As one of the commonly used therapies for pain-related diseases in clinical practice, electroacupuncture (EA) has been proven to be effective. In chronic pain, neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) have been reported to be hyperactive, while the mechanism by which cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) in the ACC are involved in EA-mediated analgesic mechanisms remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the potential central mechanism of EA analgesia. A combination of techniques was used to detect the expression and function of CB1R, including quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR), western blot (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and in vivo multichannel optical fibre recording, and neuronal activity was examined by in vivo two-photon imaging and in vivo electrophysiological recording. We found that the hyperactivity of pyramidal neurons in the ACC during chronic inflammatory pain is associated with impairment of the endocannabinoid system. EA at the Zusanli acupoint (ST36) can reduce the hyperactivity of pyramidal neurons and exert analgesic effects by increasing the endocannabinoid ligands anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and CB1R. More importantly, CB1R in the ACC is one of the necessary conditions for the EA-mediated analgesia effect, which may be related to the negative regulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) by the activation of CB1R downregulating NR1 subunits of NMDAR (NR1) via histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1). Our study suggested that the endocannabinoid system in the ACC plays an important role in acupuncture analgesia and provides evidence for a central mechanism of EA-mediated analgesia.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review critically examines the role of hypoxia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). While traditionally viewed as detrimental, recent insights suggest a more nuanced understanding of hypoxia's role during renal disease.
RECENT FINDINGS: Emerging evidence challenges the traditional view that hypoxia is universally harmful in CKD context. We review here the recent evidence about hypoxia and HIF activation in CKD. We also discuss the effect of hypoxia on the renal tissue, and the relative inhibition of different HIF isoforms. Recent advancements in therapies, such as HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors seem to target the HIF pathway. These drugs impact anemia associated with CKDbut also renoprotection, hinting at a more complex interplay between hypoxia, HIF activation, and renal health.
SUMMARY: A certain level of hypoxia and specific HIF pathway activation, especially HIF-α, can be beneficial in CKD progression. Therapeutic strategies targeting HIF stabilization, such as with HIF-PHIs and SGLT2 inhibitors, offer promising avenues for enhancing renal protection. Future investigations should aim at better understanding the precise effects on HIF pathway and optimize their clinical application to improve outcomes for CKD patients.
Important pharmacological agents for treatment of chronic neuropathic pain such as ketamine block NMDA receptors. Nitrous oxide, an inhalant agent used extensively In anesthesia, also have antagonist property of NMDA receptors. The investigators hypothesize that prolonged treatment with N2O can alleviate chronic neuropathic pain of different causes (e.g. diabetic neuropathy, post herpetic neuralgia etc.). In order to examine our theory we Will recruit 40 patients aged 18-65 that suffer from chronic neuropathic pain. The patients will be divided to two groups of which half will receive treatment with N2O and half with placebo (pure O2) as a repeated weekly treatment for 4 weeks. At the beginning of the each session the patient will be asked to fill questionnaires regarding their pain quality and severity