anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Nasotracheal intubation (NTI) is necessary during surgeries requiring clear access to the surgical field and in patients with respiratory issues. This study investigates the pre-NTI nasal disinfection efficacy of different cotton swab sizes, hypothesizing that smaller swabs could minimize bleeding while maintaining disinfection efficacy.
METHODS: Patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists-physical status (ASA-PS) class 1 or 2 scheduled for general anesthesia with NTI were randomly assigned to either a large cotton swabs (LCS) or fine cotton swabs (FCS) group in this randomized controlled trial (RCT)." After anesthesia, a fine cotton swab was inserted into the inferior nasal meatus in both groups to collect bacteria (sample A). Next, the nasal cavity was disinfected with LCS or FCS according to the patient group. Bacteria were collected by inserting a fine cotton swab into the inferior nasal meatus (sample B). After surgery, bacteria were collected from the endotracheal tube tip using a fine cotton swab in both groups (sample C). The samples were cultured for 24 hours, and the colonies from samples A-C were counted. The changes in bacteria count between samples A and B and samples A and C were determined. Nasal bleeding from cotton swab insertion was assessed as a secondary outcome. Student's t-tests, a chi-square independence test, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for the statistical analysis. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS: Between samples A and B, the change in bacteria count was 7.2% (1.4-26.1%) (median[interquartile range]) in the LCS group and 6.9% (0.9-22%) in the FCS group (p = 0.90). Between samples A and C, the change in bacteria count was 7.5% (0.2-44%) in the LCS group and 8.3% (0.3-39%) in the FCS group (p = 0.55). We examined 62 subjects in each group (LCS and FCS), and samples A, B, and C were collected from all participants in both groups. Nasal bleeding occurred in 42/62 in the LCS group and 22/62 in the FCS group (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Cotton swab thickness did not impact disinfection efficacy, but large swabs increased the risk of nasal bleeding. We recommend FCS for nasal disinfection prior to NTI in ASA 1-2 patients, as they reduce bleeding risk without compromising disinfection.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN-CTR (registration no. UMIN000051495), June 30, 2023.
BACKGROUND: Published guidelines to reduce the use and misuse of opioids in pediatrics are limited. After the implementation of an opioid stewardship program, we aimed to investigate the prescribing patterns in pediatric surgery.
METHODS: A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients who underwent general pediatric surgery procedures at a single institution between July 2021 and July 2023 was conducted. Demographics, procedure details, and opioid prescriptions at discharge were collected. The Texas Prescription Monitoring Program was cross-referenced for prescription-filled data. Descriptive statistics were performed.
RESULTS: Of the 4,323 patients included, 9% (391) received an opioid prescription at the time of discharge. Among these, 82% were for burns, 7% for trauma, and 4% for pectus excavatum. Appendectomy, inguinal hernia repair, umbilical hernia repair, and circumcision did not receive any opioid prescriptions. In those who received a prescription, the median age was 4.2 years (interquartile range (IQR) 1.6, 10.4), with 58.6% being male. A total of 82.6% of patients also received prescriptions for nonopioid analgesics. The median number of prescribed doses was 13 (IQR 7, 15) for burns, 12 (IQR 9, 15) for trauma, and 12 (IQR 10, 12) for pectus excavatum. In total, 87% of prescriptions were filled.
CONCLUSION: A small proportion of pediatric patients who underwent general surgery received opioid prescriptions at the time of discharge and were limited to a few conditions. Common pediatric operations received no opioid prescriptions in the 2-year study period. A total of 13% of the written prescriptions were unfilled. Future studies are needed to optimize the target pediatric patient population for opioid prescribing.
1,187,568. Treating hair. UNILEVER Ltd. 17 April, 1967 [18 April, 1966], N.o, 16872/66. Heading D1P. Hair is waved or straightened by contacting it with an aqueous alkaline solution of homocysteine thiolactone - (2-amino 4-mercaptobutyric acid-γ-thiolactone) or a salt or a N- substituted derivative thereof and confining it in a desired configuration, and subsequently subjecting it in the confined condition to oxidising conditions. The N-substituted derivatives of homocysteine thiolactone may be lower (C 1  to C 4 ) N-alkanoyl, N-aroyl or N- (alkyl-aroyl) derivatives and the salt may be the hydrochloride salt. The homocysteine thiolactone compound and base may be applied to the hair separately or together either before or after it has been confined in the desired configuration e.g. wound on rollers. The treating composition preferably has a pH of not more than 11 and may be prepared by mixing the homocysteine thiolactone compound either as a powder or aqueous solution with a solution of a base having a pH of 9-11. The base may be sodium, potassium, calcium or ammonium hydroxide, a lower alkylamine, monoethanolamine, isopropanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino,2.methyl-propan-1, 3-diol, guanidine carbonate or morpholine, and the pH of the composition may be adjusted to the desired value by the addition of lactic, succinic, citric or acetic acid. The treating composition may be contacted with the hair for not more than 30 minutes and the hair rinsed, oxidised by exposure to the air, or by treatment with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, sodium bromate or sodium perborate, rinsed and dried. The homocysteine thiolactone compound solution may also contain wetting agents, buffering agents, swelling agents, opacifiers and thickening agents. The reagents may be supplied as a two component pack comprising first container containing the solid homocysteine thiolaotone compound and a second container containing an aqueous solution of a base having a pH of at least 9 which when the entire contents of the first container are dissolved in the entire contents of the second container provides an aqueous alkaline solution containing 5-30% by weight of the homocysteine thiolactone compound for use in the hair treatment process.
As with all therapeutic proteins, there is potential for immunogenicity. The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies in the studies described below with the incidence of antibodies to loncastuximab tesirine-lpyl in other studies or to other products may be misleading.

In LOTIS-2, 0 of 134 patients tested positive for antibodies against loncastuximab tesirine-lpyl after treatment. The potential effect of anti-drug antibodies to ZYNLONTA on pharmacokinetics, efficacy, or safety is unknown.
General anaesthesia: Patients will be induced and intubated as per the choice of consultant anaesthetist. Anaesthesia will be maintained with inhalational agent and paralysis maintained with atracurium infusion or bolus so as to keep train of four counts \<2 twitches using peripheral nerve stimulator throughout surgery. Conventional ventilation was standardised with mode as pressure control ventilation, pressure inspired targeted to either tidal ventilation of 6-8 ml/kg or end tidal carbon di oxide concentration of 40-50 mmHg and positive end expiratory pressure limited to 5 cm of water. Fraction of inspiratory oxygen was adjusted to keep oxygen saturation \> 95%. No recruitment manoeuvres were permitted unless, patient is desaturating actively, and in which case patient will be excluded from the study. Abdominal cavity was insufflated with carbon dioxide with initial high flow and pressure, but later the pressure was maintained at 15cm water.

Esophageal balloon catheter insertion, placement and removal: After applying topical anaesthetic (10% lidocaine spray) to patient's nasopharynx and water-soluble lubricant jelly to distal end of esophageal catheter, it is inserted into patient's esophagus via nasal cavity or oropharyngeal cavity. Estimated depth of catheter insertion is calculated as: patient's height (in cm) X 0.288. Once the esophageal balloon catheter is inserted to estimated depth, balloon is inflated with 4 ml of air and pressure on the stomach is applied to look for positive deflection of oesophageal pressure reading. Once convinced, 2 ml air was taken out and catheter was slowly withdrawn till cardiac oscillations are visible. Occlusion test is performed to confirm the placement of catheter in lower thoracic region. In occlusion test, patient is briefly disconnected from ventilator, endotracheal tube is blocked and pressure is applied on to chest wall. Simultaneous increase in oesophageal balloon pressure and airway pressure is noted. (Change is oesophageal pressure/ change in airway pressure on application of external pressure should be close to 1). Stylet is removed and Oesophageal balloon catheter is secured at this position on nostril or angle of mouth similar to nasogastric tube and connected to pressure transducer to do necessary measurements. Catheter is removed at the end of surgery before extubation after complete deflation of cuff.

Measurements: Soon after confirmation of position, patient is subjected to end inspiratory hold to record the end inspiratory pleural pressure and plateau airway pressure. Patient is then subjected to end expiratory hold to record end expiratory pleural pressure and positive end expiratory pressure. Similar steps are repeated once pneumoperitoneum is achieved and patient is placed in trendelenburg or reverse trendelenburg position and once pneumoperitoneum deflated. Problems encountered during insertion and measurement of esophageal balloon catheter will be resolved using manufacturer's recommendation.
PURPOSE: A composition for promoting migration of vascular endothelial precursor cells, containing substance-P is provided to promote vasculogenesis and to treat vasculogenesis-associated diseases. CONSTITUTION: An agent for promoting migration of vascular endothelial precursor cells contains active amount of substance-P. The vascular endothelial precursor cells are migrated to blood or injured blood vessel. A composition for promoting vasculogenesis contains substance-P as an active ingredient. A composition containing substance-P is used for preventing or treating ischemic blood vessel injury or traumatic blood vessel injury. The composition is used for treating or preventing myocardial infarction, angina, ischemic stroke, vascular dementia, cerebral infarction, brain-damaged sequel, cerebral infarction sequela, peripheral nerve trouble, presbyopia, anaplasia dysecoia, brain operation sequela or diabetic ulcer.
AIM: Both hyperuricemia and anemia are not only the manifestation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) but also related to its occurrence and development. A recent study has found that there was a synergetic effect between hyperuricemia and anemia on new-onset CKD. Herein we aimed to explore the roles of hyperuricemia and anemia in the all-cause mortality in patients with CKD.
METHODS: Data of adult patients with CKD were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) database in 2009-2018 in this retrospective cohort study. Weighted univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were used to investigate the associations of hyperuricemia and anemia with all-cause mortality, and the evaluation indexes were hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The interaction effect between hyperuricemia and anemia on the risk of all-cause mortality was assessed via relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion of interaction (AP). Subgroup analyses of age, gender, CVD, hypertension, DM, and cancer were also performed to assess this interaction effect.
RESULTS: Among 3,678 eligible patients, 819 died from all causes. After adjusting for covariables, we found that CKD patients with anemia (HR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.42-2.09) or hyperuricemia (HR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.01-11.45) had a higher risk of all-cause mortality. There was a potential synergetic effect between anemia and hyperuricemia on all-cause mortality, with RERI of 0.630 and AP of 0.291. Moreover, this synergetic effect was also observed in ≥65 years old (AP = 0.330), male (AP = 0.355), hypertension (AP = 0.736), non-hypertension (AP = 0.281), DM (AP = 0.371), and cancer (AP = 0.391) subgroups.
CONCLUSION: A potential synergetic effect between anemia and hyperuricemia on all-cause mortality was found in patients with CKD. However, further studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship between them.
A system and method for estimating blood pressure (BP) using photoplethysmogram (PPG) has been explained. The PPG is captured from a PPG sensor (102). For preparing training model, a pulse oximeter is used for capturing PPG. For testing, a smartphone camera is used for capturing the PPG signal. A plurality of features are extracted from the preprocessed PPG signal. A BP distribution is then generated using the plurality of features and the training model. The BP distribution is part of a set of BP distributions generated from different subjects. Finally, a post-processing methodology have been used to reject inconsistent data out of the set of BP distributions and BP value is estimated only for the remaining BP distributions and a statistical average is provided as the blood pressure estimate.
Leptin was previously demonstrated to exert potent immune modulatory properties in several immune mediated disorders. The aim of the study was to determine leptin's anti-tumor effect in a murine model of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In vivo, Athymic T cell deficient (nude) mice transplanted with 1×10 6  human Hep3B cells, followed by administration of two daily intraperitoneal doses of 0.5 mg/gram leptin for 6 weeks. Leptin administration induced a significant reduction in tumor size and improved survival in nude mice. Histologically, tumors of leptin-administered mice featured increased inflammatory exudate in interphase areas. Leptin-induced tumor suppression was associated with a significant increase in peripheral natural killer (NK) cell number. Splenocytes from leptin-treated mice featured decreased expression of CIS mRNA. To determine which lymphocyte subset is a prerequisite for the anti tumor effect of leptin, T&B cell deficient (Scid) mice and T,B& NK deficient (Scid-Beige) mice were subcutaneously implanted with Hep3B tumor cells, with and without the daily intraperitoneal administration of 0.5 mg/gram leptin for 6 weeks. SCID mice featured leptin-associated tumor suppression similar to those of nude mice. In contrast, NK-deficient SCID-Beige mice developed larger tumors. To further establish natural killer cell's central role in mediation of leptin's anti-tumor effect, NK cells were incubated in vitro with increasing doses of leptin, demonstrating a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxic activity. Incubation of leptin with hepatoma cell line was found to induce a dose-dependent reduction in hepatoma cell proliferation, suggesting an additive direct anti-tumor effect. Further synergism in inhibition of hepatoma cell proliferation in vitro was achieved following addition of natural killer cells. HCC cells expressed leptin receptor mRNA, while addition of leptin induced increased mRMA expression of STAT2 and SOCS1 on tumor cell lines. Leptin administration induces a significant suppression of human HCC. This effect is mediated by induction of natural killer cell proliferation and activation, and by direct inhibition of tumor growth. Decreased natural killer cell expression of inhibitory CIS protein and over expression of the anti-proliferative STAT2 and SOCS1 proteins in HCC lines may underline both anti cancerous effects of leptin.
PURPOSE: To obtain a new cyclic inulooligosaccharide deriv. which is excellent in stability and functional characteristics and useful as cosmetics safe for a human body by esterifying a cyclic inulooligosaccharide with a specific compd. CONSTITUTION: This cyclic inulooligosaccharide deriv. is an ester of a cyclic inulooligosaccharide and at least one acid selected from among an 8-22C fatty acid, benzoic acid, and phthalic acid and is obtd. e.g. by thermally dissolving a cyclic inulooligosaccharide in a solvent, adding a halide or anhydride of the above-mentioned acid, if necessary together with a catalyst, to the resulting soln. to conduct the reaction, and if necessary purifying the reaction product by washing, extraction, recrystallization, etc. The esterification is carried out in such a manner that the degree of substitution, i.e., the average number of hydroxyl groups substituted out of three hydroxyl groups of the molecule of fruit sugar constituting the cyclic inulooligosaccharide, reaches 1.0-3.0.
INTRODUCTION: Auditory-verbal hallucinatory experiences (AVH) have a 12% prevalence in the general pediatric population. Literature reports a higher risk of developing AVH in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The persistence of AVHs during adolescence represents a risk of evolution into psychotic disorders. Social cognition and emotional markers could be considered prodromes markers of this evolution. The objectives of this prospective observational study are to observe social cognition and emotional markers correlation with the presence and persistence of AVH over two years and with the evolution of PTSD and psychotic diagnosis.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This prospective case-control study, longitudinal over two years (with an interim reassessment at six months and one year), will include 40 participants aged 8 to 16 years old with a diagnosis of PTSD and without a diagnosis of psychosis according to the criteria of DSM-5 (K-SADS-PL). Subjects included are divided into two groups with AVH and without AVH matched by gender, age and diagnosis. The primary outcome measure will be the correlation between social cognition and emotional makers and the presence of AVH in the PTSD pediatric population without psychotic disorders. The social cognition marker is assessed with the NEPSY II test. The emotional marker is assessed with the Differential Emotion Scale IV and the Revised Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire. The secondary outcome measures are the correlation of these markers with the persistence of AVH and the evolution of the patient's initial diagnosis two years later.
DISCUSSION: The originality of our protocol is to explore the potential progression to psychosis from PTSD by cognitive biases. This study supports the hypothesis of connections between PTSD and AVH through sensory, emotional and cognitive biases. It proposes a continuum model from PTSD to psychotic disorder due to impaired perception like AVH.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03356028.
Rationale: Existing work suggests that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (pwCOPD) presented less frequently to the emergency department and were less likely to be hospitalized during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, but it is unclear if this was due to improved health and disease management or to increased barriers and/or avoidance of health care. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of the pandemic on inpatient and outpatient healthcare use, disease incidence, and mortality rates in pwCOPD. Methods: A retrospective population-based analysis using linked administrative datasets from Alberta, Canada 18 months before and after March 12, 2020 was conducted to measure hospitalization, emergency department and outpatient visits, and COPD outpatient exacerbations during these time periods. Mortality data were also analyzed before versus after the pandemic, taking confirmed COVID-19 infection within 30 days into account. Subgroup analysis based on COPD exacerbation risk stratification was undertaken to determine if healthcare use differed based on exacerbation risk. Finally, sex-based analysis of healthcare use during the pandemic was also completed. Results: Hospitalization or emergency department visits and outpatient treatment for acute exacerbations of COPD dropped, whereas total outpatient COPD visits, including both virtual and in person, increased during the pandemic for pwCOPD. The mortality rate increased even after adjusting for COVID-19-associated deaths. Sex-based subgroup analysis showed a greater drop in acute care use for females, but the rise in mortality was seen for both sexes, with men experiencing a greater rate of mortality than women. Conclusions: Overall, pwCOPD accessed acute care resources less during the pandemic, which may have contributed to a rise in non-COVID-19 all-cause mortality.
Patients who undergo a direct brow lift may participate in this study. Participants will receive laser treatment on one of the two surgical wounds (side of treatment will be chosen randomly by an independent source). Treatment parameters will be 500 spots and 10-14 megajoules (mJ) depending on skin type. The opposite side brow scar will not be treated until 1 month after the study is completed (if the patient elects to treat the contralateral brow after study completion this will be done at no charge to the patient). This treatment will be given at 2-4 week intervals for 6 treatments. Photographs will be taken at each visit, and they will be assessed based on different parameters by an examiner, as well as judged by the patient based on overall appearance.
PURPOSE:To obtain a cosmetic capable of imparting a skin with excellent moisturizing effect and emollient effect, suppressing tyrosinase activity and exhibiting general cosmetic effect such as humectant effect and skin-beautifying effect by compounding an extract obtained from a gastropod. CONSTITUTION:A gastropod such as spiny top shell, Japanese abalone and sea slug (excluding the guts) is cut into small pieces, immersed in a solvent such as water or ethanol and extracted by warming at 30-70 deg.C. The extract is used as an active component and properly compounded with conventional cosmetic components such as vehicle, perfume, oil and fat, surfactant, humectant, pH-conditioner, thickener, antioxidant and UV absorber to obtain the objective cosmetic. The amount of the extract is 0.01-90pts.wt. (in terms of solid) based on 100pts.wt. of the cosmetic. It can be used in the form of cream, lotion, milky lotion, face lotion, pack, lipstick, foundation, body soap, soap, bathing agent, etc.