anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Relative beta 1 selectivity is demonstrated by the following: (1) In healthy subjects, metoprolol is unable to reverse the beta 2-mediated vasodilating effects of epinephrine. This contrasts with the effect of nonselective (beta 1 plus beta 2) beta blockers, which completely reverse the vasodilating effects of epinephrine. (2) In asthmatic patients, metoprolol reduces FEV 1 and FVC significantly less than a nonselective beta blocker, propranolol, at equivalent beta 1-receptor blocking doses. 

Metoprolol has no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, and membrane-stabilizing activity is detectable only at doses much greater than required for beta blockade. Animal and human experiments indicate that metoprolol slows the sinus rate and decreases AV nodal conduction.

When the drug was infused over a 10-minute period, in normal volunteers, maximum beta blockade was achieved at approximately 20 minutes. Equivalent maximal beta-blocking effect is achieved with oral and intravenous doses in the ratio of approximately 2.5:1. There is a linear relationship between the log of plasma levels and reduction of exercise heart rate. 

In several studies of patients with acute myocardial infarction, intravenous followed by oral administration of metoprolol caused a reduction in heart rate, systolic blood pressure and cardiac output. Stroke volume, diastolic blood pressure and pulmonary artery end diastolic pressure remained unchanged.
Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is characterized by repetitive events of apnea and hypopnea. These events are often part of a periodic breathing pattern, in which relative hyperventilation is followed by apnea or hypopnea.

Recently the investigators described the 'double-loop gain' of the respiratory control system as a measure of periodic breathing. This is a frequency-dependent variable which describes 1) the tendency of the respiratory system to oscillate at a given frequency and 2) the degree to which the relation between oscillations in ventilation and oscillations in arterial blood gas values is linear. The underlying hypothesis is that periodic breathing results from negative feedback regulation of arterial O2 and CO2 pressure through the chemoreflexes. The double-loop gain describes the gain in the negative feedback loop under the assumption that accidental changes occur in both ventilation and arterial blood gas pressures. A simple version of the double-loop gain is derived from nasal pressure changes and arterial O2 saturation. From all-night recordings, the 'double-loop index' (DLI) can be derived, which is determined by the time during which the double-loop gain exceeds a given threshold.

Currently, the presence of sleep-apnea is determined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), using in-hospital sleep recording. With a growing number of referrals, waiting lists for sleep registration are emerging. Screening for SAS using home-measurement of nasal pressure and SaO2 seems to be a good alternative. The investigators hypothesize that the DLI derived from these signals gives a better reflection of the pathophysiology of the disease than the AHI. As a result, the investigators expect that the DLI improves the distinction between healthy and diseased subjects in comparison to the simple counting of apneas and hypopneas. This is reflected in a higher area under the ROC curve, which describes the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
PURPOSE:A method for sealing animal free cells in a capsule of shape close to a round having uniform and dense surface and uniform grain diameter without damaging the cells. CONSTITUTION:Cells or microorganisms are suspended in an aqueous solution of sodium alginate (obtained by adding one or two or more of 1-50pts.wt. horse blood serum, bovine blood serum, calf blood serum or bovine fetal blood serum, 10<-7>-10<-10>mol/l insulin and 10<-4>-10<-7>mol/l dexamethasone to 100pts.wt. solution prepared by dissolving sodium alginate in one liquid culture medium selected from the group of minimum essential medium, Williams E, Ham's F-12 or F-199, Leiboviz-15, etc.) at 1:0.01-1:1 mixing ratio, adjusting the viscosity to 1- 100 poises (37 deg.C), dropping the adjusted suspension into an aqueous solution of calcium ions, and coagulating and encapsulating the animal free cells. The resultant capsule has hardness withstanding filling in a column, and is capable of realizing survival rate of the internal animal cells for a long time and maintaining high metabolic activity.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Idiopathic dendriform pulmonary ossification (DPO) is mostly asymptomatic, and detected incidentally in lung CT. There have been no reports on the precise CT-pathologic correlation and the prevalence of idiopathic DPO. This study aimed to clarify the histological background and prevalence of idiopathic DPO.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients with histologically confirmed idiopathic DPO (12 men and 4 women; mean age, 38.8 years; range 22-56 years) were identified in a nationwide epidemiological survey. Local HRCT findings of pre-biopsy examinations, such as branching, round, linear structures with or without high attenuation were compared side by side with histological findings. The attenuation of branching, round, and linear structures was classified into three-point levels on bone window images (width, 2500 HU; level, 500 HU). Furthermore, we collected continuous pulmonary CT images of 8111 cases for checking up metastasis from extrathoracic malignancy at a single institution, and evaluated the prevalence of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) and DPO.
RESULTS: In all 16 cases, branching (n = 15, 93%), round (n = 5, 31%), or linear (n = 5, 31%) structures were identified, histologically corresponding to dendriform ossification and cicatricial organizing pneumonia (OP)/fibrosis. Histologically, ossification was confirmed in all the 16 patients. However, in two cases, a highly attenuated structure could not be detected on the pre-biopsy CT of the same area. Regarding the prevalence of idiopathic DPO, 283 (3.5%) of 8111 patients had ILAs, of which a total of 26 (0.3% of all cases, 9.2% of ILAs cases) had DPO.
CONCLUSION: Idiopathic DPO showed linear or branching structures with or without high attenuation on CT, corresponded to ossification, cicatricial OP/fibrosis. DPO was seen in 9.2% of ILAs cases. Idiopathic DPO is one of pathologic phenotypes of ILAs.
Objective: To understand the passive smoking exposure status in adults aged ≥40 years in China. Methods: Local residents aged ≥40 years were enrolled as study subjects from 125 areas of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) surveillance during 2014-2015 and 2019-2020 in 31 provinces of China. A total of 74 559 adults aged ≥40 years were selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling for a face to face questionnaire survey and the data from 64 142 study subjects were used for the analysis. The passive smoking exposure rate, the proportions of the adults reporting passive smoking exposure at four types of places and the proportion of the adults living with daily smokers were described by using complicated sampling weighting method, the related factors were analyzed and the results were compared with the data of COPD surveillance during 2014-2015. Results: The passive smoking exposure rate in the adults aged ≥40 years was 46.4% (95%CI: 44.1%-48.8%) in China during 2019-2020, and the rate was higher in women (47.2%, 95%CI:44.8%-49.7%) than in men (44.8%, 95%CI:42.0%-47.6%) and lower in the older people. The office workers had the highest passive smoking exposure rate. The proportions of those reporting passive smoking exposure at homes, workplaces, restaurants, and public transports were 24.3% (95%CI:22.2%-26.4%)、23.3% (95%CI:21.1%-25.5%)、6.6% (95%CI:5.3%-7.9%) and 2.2% (95%CI:1.6%-2.7%). The higher education level the adults had, the less passive smoking exposure at home they reported. The proportions of those living with daily smokers before 14 years old and since 14 years old were 56.4% and 59.2%. Compared with the data during 2014-2015, the overall passive smoking exposure rate in the adults aged ≥40 years during 2019-2020 showed an increase, and the difference was not significant (P=0.356); The passive smoking exposure rate at homes declined, but the exposure rate at workplaces increased, with the biggest increase found in those being engaged in farming, forestry, husbandry, fishery and water conservancy. Multivariate analysis indicated that the factors influencing the passive smoking exposure and the exposure proportions at different places included gender, age, occupation, and education level. Conclusions: The passive smoking exposure rate in China is still high, especially in those being engaged in farming, forestry, husbandry, fishery and water conservancy. It is necessary to strengthen supervision of the enforcement of current smoking bans in public places and promote the legislation of ban smoking in public places. More attention should be paid to smoking ban and protection against passive smoking exposure in women, people with lower education level and people being engaged in in farming, forestry, husbandry, fishery and water conservancy.
Individuals participated in the 2-month outpatient aerobic exercise training program, which consisted of 40 training sessions on a cycle ergometer 5 times/week for 40 min. Then during motivational consultation, individuals received recommendations for healthy lifestyle and home-based training. After that, study subjects participated in the 6-month home-based aerobic exercise program using wearable device (heart rate monitor), which was connected to the smartphone via Bluetooth. A special smartphone application enabled participants to keep their training heart rate during home-based exercises (or workouts).
The invention relates to an application of compound double-gold hemorrhoid ointment in preparing a medicine for treating acne, belonging to the technical field of biological medicine. The compound double-gold hemorrhoids ointment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of pepper, 115 parts of honeysuckle, 100 parts of rheum officinale, 85 parts of gardenia and 1.5 parts of rhizoma cibotii. The research shows that the compound double-gold hemorrhoid ointment has an inhibiting effect on propionibacteria, staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus aureus, and has a strong effect on propionibacteria. The compound double-gold hemorrhoid ointment can improve the main appearance index and pathological changes of the ear acne, and has therapeutic effect. The compound double-gold hemorrhoid ointment can inhibit inflammatory reaction of human epidermis immortalized keratinocyte and rabbit ear skin injury tissue and activation of TLR2/NF- κB pathway. The invention has the advantages of new use of the old medicine, new increase of the efficacy, expansion of the indication of the compound double-gold hemorrhoids ointment, great shortening of the time of marketing of the new medicine with new functions and saving of the investment of manpower, material resources and financial resources.
Habit is an unintentionally performed repeated activity. Development of habit is considered a part of the natural progression of maturation in children between infancy and three years of age, after this period, it is assumed to be unnatural. The most familiar and earliest noted habit is thumb sucking. It develops during infancy as a rooting reflex, after it ceases around three years of age .

Thumb sucking is defined as the placement of the thumb or one or more fingers in different depths into the mouth ). It emerges in two forms: nutritive and non-nutritive, where the first gives nourishment and the second implements a sense of security and amenity. It is common in children and is reported to be harmless for up to five years of age .

There is an association between the habit of thumb sucking and the development of skeletal open-bite among children. Anterior open bites (AOBs) are defined as an occlusion in which the lower incisors are not overlapped in the vertical plane by the upper incisors and do not occlude with them when the posterior teeth are in maximum intercuspation . Anterior open bite due to thumb sucking, and a secondary tongue thrust exaggerates the condition . If identified early, this can be avoided and appropriate treatment is delivered.

Approaches for habit intervention include counseling, positive reinforcement, a calendar with rewards, an adhesive bandage, bitter nail polish, long sleeves, and appliance therapy. It is recommended to start with the least invasive methods before using habit-breaking appliances. Habit-breaking appliances are either fixed or removable. Fixed appliance therapy may be considered after the age of 4 years. Appliances consisting of cribs in the anterior region are very efficient as reminders and physical restrainers . The palatal crib works as an obstacle in non-nutritive sucking and maintains the tongue in a more retruded position, halting its interposition between the incisors. Spur appliances change tongue action, close the open bite, and boost treatment stability, as it induces a permanent modification of the tongue's anterior rest posture by altering orofacial function, resulting in a change in form. Finally, the spur adjusts the sensory input to the brain. This proprioceptive change leads to an altered motor response, resulting in a new normal tongue rest posture (change in function) that allows the incisors to erupt.
Systems and method are provided for treatment of an eye. The systems generally include controlled release implantable elements including a therapeutic component and a substantially inactive matrix component. The systems include such elements having controlled porosities and/or controlled surface roughness. The elements are typically bioerodible and structured to be implantable into a desired location of an eye to provide delivery of the therapeutic component to the eye. The elements exhibit relatively more controllable, more predictable, drug release rate profile . in comparison to substantially identical elements without such controlled porosities and/or surface roughness.
BACKGROUND: Fibrosis with unrelieved chronic inflammation is an important pathological change in keloids. Mitochondrial autophagy plays a crucial role in reducing inflammation and inhibiting fibrosis. Adipose stem cell-derived exosomes, a product of adipose stem cell paracrine secretion, have pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects, and mediate autophagy. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the function and mechanism of adipose stem cell exosomes in the treatment of keloids.
METHOD: We isolated adipose stem cell exosomes under normoxic and hypoxic condition to detect their effects on keloid fibroblast proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis. Meanwhile, 740YPDGFR (PI3K/AKT activator) was applied to detect the changes in autophagic flow levels and mitochondrial morphology and function in keloid fibroblasts. We constructed a human keloid mouse model by transplanting human keloid tissues into six-week-old (20-22 g; female) BALB/c nude mice, meanwhile, we applied adipose stem cell exosomes to treat the mouse model and observed the retention and effect of ADSC exosomes in vivo.
RESULTS: ADSC exosomes can inhibit the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The exosomes of ADSCs decreased the inflammatory level of KFs, enhanced the interaction between P62 and LC3, and restored the mitochondrial membrane potential. In the human keloid mouse model, ADSC exosomes can exist stably, promote mitochondrial autophagy in keloid tissue, improve mitochondrial morphology, reduce inflammatory reaction and fibrosis. Meanwhile, At the same time, the exosomes derived from hypoxic adipose stem cells have played a more effective role in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
CONCLUSIONS: Adipose stem cell exosomes inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, activated mitochondrial autophagy, and alleviated keloid scars.
A method for adjusting/monitoring an orthodontic appliance worn by a patient. Creating a numerical three-dimensional reference model of at least a part of a patient's arch. Creating a numerical three-dimensional reference model of the teeth of the at least a part of the patient's arch. Acquiring at least one updated image, under actual acquisition conditions, and searching, by deformation of the initial reference model, for an updated reference model corresponding to the positioning of the teeth during the acquisition of the updated image. Determining, depending a comparison model corresponding to an anticipated positioning of the teeth, a comparison model. Comparing the updated reference model with the comparison model. If comparison leads to an unsatisfactory result, creation of a replacement orthodontic appliance, by modification of the orthodontic appliance worn or by creation of a new orthodontic appliance, the replacement orthodontic appliance being configured accordingly.
In adult observational studies, TV viewing has been positively related to overweight and obesity. It is theorized that TV watching influences eating and activity behaviors, such that with greater TV watching less physical activity and greater consumption of energy occurs, producing a positive energy balance state. While no experimental research has been conducted with adults examining the influence of reducing TV watching on weight status, experimental research conducted with children does indicate that lower levels of TV watching can produce reduced energy intake and greater levels of physical activity. Most importantly, family-based, behavioral childhood obesity interventions that have targeted reducing sedentary behaviors (which includes TV watching) have found that as compared to targeting increasing physical activity during treatment, similar increases in activity and fitness occur, but that greater weight loss and greater increases in liking for physical activity occur when sedentary behaviors, as compared to physical activity, are targeted in family-based behavioral childhood weight control programs.

Thus, this investigation will involve an 8-week pilot study to examine the effects of two different leisure-time activity prescriptions. All participants in the investigation will receive a standard 8-week behavioral obesity intervention. The intervention will include a reduced caloric prescription (1200-1500 kcal/day) and fat gram prescription (30% or less kcals from fat). One condition will receive an activity goal (200 minutes/week of moderate-intense physical activity \[Physical Activity\]), while the other condition will receive a TV watching goal (10 hours/week \[ TV Watching\]). Participants will be assessed at 0 and 9 weeks (pre- and post-intervention) on measures of dietary intake, physical activity, TV watching, liking of physical activity and TV watching, and weight.
The human receptor H4-1BB has been isolated, sequenced and disclosed herein. The cDNA of the human receptor H4-1BB is about 65% homologous to the mouse cDNA 4-1BB and was isolated by using probes derived from cDNA 4-1BB. A fusion protein for detecting cell membrane ligands to human receptor protein H4-1BB was developed. It comprises the extracellular portion of the receptor protein H4-1BB and a detection protein (alkaline phosphatase) bound to the portion of the receptor protein H4-1BB. B-cells that have expressed a ligand to receptor protein H4-1BB can be treated with cells that have expressed receptor protein H4-1BB and B-cell proliferation may be induced. The use of H4-1BB to block H4-1BB ligand binding has practical application in the suppression of the immune system during organ transplantation. A monoclonal antibody against H4-1BB can be used to enhance T-cell proliferation by treating T-cells that have expressed receptor protein H4-1BB with the anti H4-1BB monoclonal antibody. Tumors transfected with H4-1BBL may be capable of delivering antigen-specific signals as well as the co-stimulatory signals and can be killed by human cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
This comprehensive review explores the intricate mechanisms of PANoptosis and its implications in cancer. PANoptosis, a convergence of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, plays a crucial role in cell death and immune response regulation. The study delves into the molecular pathways of each cell death mechanism and their crosstalk within PANoptosis, emphasizing the shared components like caspases and the PANoptosome complex. It highlights the significant role of PANoptosis in various cancers, including respiratory, digestive, genitourinary, gliomas, and breast cancers, showing its impact on tumorigenesis and patient survival rates. We further discuss the interwoven relationship between PANoptosis and the tumor microenvironment (TME), illustrating how PANoptosis influences immune cell behavior and tumor progression. It underscores the dynamic interplay between tumors and their microenvironments, focusing on the roles of different immune cells and their interactions with cancer cells. Moreover, the review presents new breakthroughs in cancer therapy, emphasizing the potential of targeting PANoptosis to enhance anti-tumor immunity. It outlines various strategies to manipulate PANoptosis pathways for therapeutic purposes, such as targeting key signaling molecules like caspases, NLRP3, RIPK1, and RIPK3. The potential of novel treatments like immunogenic PANoptosis-initiated therapies and nanoparticle-based strategies is also explored.
In controlled clinical trials, the most frequent adverse reactions reported for clobetasol propionate cream were burning and stinging sensation in 1% of treated patients. Less frequent adverse reactions were itching, skin atrophy, and cracking and fissuring of the skin.

Cushing syndrome has been reported in infants and adults as a result of prolonged use of topical clobetasol propionate formulations.

The following additional local adverse reactions have been reported with topical corticosteroids, and they may occur more frequently with the use of occlusive dressings and higher potency corticosteroids. These reactions are listed in an approximately decreasing order of occurrence: dryness, acneiform eruptions, hypopigmentation, perioral dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, secondary infection, irritation, striae, and miliaria.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
BACKGROUND: Surgical site drainage is important to prevent hematoma, seroma, and abscess formation. However, the placement of drain placement also predispose patients to several postoperative complications. The aim of this study is to clarify the risk-benefit profile of surgical drain placement.
METHODS: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) Procedure-Targeted Databases were used to identify patients who underwent hepatectomy, pancreatectomy, nephrectomy, cystectomy, and prostatectomy. Patients who underwent each procedure were divided into 2 groups based on intraoperative drain placement. Propensity score-matched cohorts of these 2 groups were compared in terms of postoperative adverse events, readmission, reoperation, and length of stay.
RESULTS: Hepatectomy patients with drains experienced organ space infections (P < .001), sepsis (P < .001), and readmission (P = .021) more often than patients without drains. Patients who underwent pancreatectomy and had drains placed experienced wound dehiscence less frequently than those without drains (P = .04). For hepatectomy, pancreatectomy, nephrectomy, and prostatectomy populations, patients with drains had longer lengths of stay (P < .05). Matched populations across all procedures did not differ in terms of reoperation rate.
DISCUSSION: Prophylactic surgical drain placement may be associated with increased infectious complications and prolonged length of stay. Further studies are needed to elucidate the complete adverse event profile of surgical drains. Nonetheless, outcomes may be improved with better patient selection or advancements in drain technology.
Betaine supplementation for 8 weeks, daily dose of 3 g/d, taken twice a day in a capsulated form. One capsule will contain 500 mg betaine. Daily number of capsules will be 2 x 3 = 6.