anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Balance and gait problems cause severe impairments for people with Parkinson's disease and significantly affect their quality of life. Several changes occur in the brains of Parkinson's disease patients. The hallmark change is a loss of a neurotransmitter ("chemical messenger" between brain cells) called dopamine. To alleviate Parkinson's disease symptoms doctors prescribe dopamine replacement therapy, for example Sinemet (levodopa). Although effective for some of the symptoms, it typically does not sufficiently alleviate balance and gait problems. This study focuses on other changes in the brain that occur in Parkinson's disease that may contribute to balance and gait problems. In particular we will be looking at another neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. In some Parkinson's disease patients we see a loss of acetylcholine in the brain. In previous studies we have shown that this loss of acetylcholine is related to impaired balance and gait function in Parkinson's disease. In this study we will take a closer look at this finding.
A placebo that is identical in capsule size and colour to the active probiotic capsule will be used. This will ensure participants and experimenters are masked during each intervention period. Participants will be required to take one capsule a day for 28 days.
To combine tACS and the iTBS protocol, a customized circuit is developed in-house to phase-lock the TMS pulses to the waveform generated by tACS. TMS pulses were delivered using two figure-of-eight shaped coils (double 70 mm, PMD coil type; Mag and More GmbH, Munich, Germany). For the stimulation, the center of the TMS coils are placed over the two prefrontal tACS electrodes (F3 and F4 electrode positions) with an orientation of 45 degrees to the midline and the handles pointing backward. Using the customized circuit, TMS pulses will be delivered at the trough of the tACS wave.
INTRODUCTION: Failure to achieve planned same-day discharge (SDD) primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA) occurs in as many as 7% to 49% of patients in the United States. This study evaluated the association between 43 perioperative risk factors and SDD failure rates.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 466 primary TJAs with planned SDD to home was performed. Surgeries were performed at an academic tertiary care center comprising a hospital facility and a stand-alone ambulatory surgery center (ASC) on the same campus. Factors associated with failed SDD were identified using a multivariable analysis.
RESULTS: Only one of 316 (0.3%) patients who underwent surgery in the ASC failed planned SDD ( P < 0.001) compared with 33.3% of 150 patients who underwent surgery in the hospital. The ASC failure was because of pain that interfered with physical therapy. Sixty-two percent (n = 31) of hospital failures were attributed to medical complications, 24% (n = 12) to physical therapy clearance, 8% (n = 4) to not being seen by internal medicine or therapy on the day of surgery, and 6% (n = 3) to unknown causes. Failure was increased in patients with preoperative anemia ( P = 0.003), nonwhite patients ( P = 0.002), patients taking depression/anxiety medication ( P = 0.015), and for every 10-morphine milligram equivalent increase in opioids consumed per hour in the postacute care unit ( P = 0.030).
DISCUSSION: Risk stratification methods used to allocate patients to ASC versus hospital outpatient TJA surgery predicted SDD success. Most failures were secondary to medical causes. The findings of this study may be used to improve perioperative protocols enabling the safe planning and selection of patients for SDD pathways.
Migraine is most common among patients who seek medical care for headache. The prevalence of migraine is around 10 % in Iran. The many studies of migraine pathophysiology imply that the brain of migraine patient is impaired in term of cerebral circulation and baseline activity of brain stem, monoaminergic system and cortex. Then headache is only a sign of the changes that occur in the brain to rid hazardous conditions. Based on this theory many electrophysiological and imaging abnormalities that were appeared in the brain before the aura or the headache were diminished in the early phases of the attack. It means the changes concurrent with headache are associated with a quasi normalization of cortical information processing. The different pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have proposed for migraine management. But some patients do not satisfactorily respond to or cannot tolerate current evidence-based treatments. This group of patients is often said to have refractory migraine (RM). Thus according to the enigmatic pathophysiology of migraine, a comprehensive treatment that affected all contributing factors in the migraine with minimal side effects is not provided yet.

Extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MFs) as non-pharmacological treatment of migraine had good effect with weak evidence in the control of migraine. Recently based on extensive studies in the bioeffects of the low frequency electromagnetic field we can hope that this method can respond to many human disorders is unsolvable. The purpose of this study is to apply the best effective treatment protocol of ELF-MF on brain and circulatory system is extracted by using the latest findings of studies of low-frequency electromagnetic fields as intervention and apply it for refractory migraine patients in the form of a randomized one-blind placebo- controlled trial study. The evaluation of interventions is done subjectively (migraine dairy and MIDAS). Also we consider follow up period to confirm results.
Long-lasting COVID-19 (long COVID) diseases constitute a real life-changing burden for many patients around the globe and, overall, can be considered societal and economic issues. They include a variety of symptoms, such as fatigue, loss of smell (anosmia), and neurological-cognitive sequelae, such as memory loss, anxiety, brain fog, acute encephalitis, and stroke, collectively called long neuro-COVID-19 (long neuro-COVID). They also include cardiopulmonary sequelae, such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary damage, fibrosis, gastrointestinal dysregulation, renal failure, and vascular endothelial dysregulation, and the onset of new diabetes, with each symptom usually being treated individually. The main unmet challenge is to understand the mechanisms of the pathophysiologic sequelae, in particular the neurological symptoms. This mini-review presents the main mechanistic hypotheses considered to explain the multiple long neuro-COVID symptoms, namely immune dysregulation and prolonged inflammation, persistent viral reservoirs, vascular and endothelial dysfunction, and the disruption of the neurotransmitter signaling along various paths. We suggest that the nucleoprotein N of SARS-CoV-2 constitutes a "hub" between the virus and the host inflammation, immunity, and neurotransmission.
Dry eye disease (DED) affects tears and the front surface of the eye. Patients who have DED can experience symptoms of discomfort, blurry vision, redness, and pain. DED can also cause tears to become unstable which could result in damage to the front surface of the eye.

There are two types of DED. The one the investigators are studying is called evaporative dry eye disease. This type of DED occurs because the pores on the eyelids are not functioning properly. In preliminary studies, a new treatment called Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) has shown promise to reduce signs and symptoms of evaporative DED. IPL is a non-invasive and non-laser light treatment that was approved in 1995 by the FDA for dermatology. It is commonly used for treatment of facial rosacea, acne, and hair, wrinkle and lesion removal. It is not currently approved for the treatment of dry eye disease. This treatment is thought to provide relief of evaporative DED symptoms and improve the expression of the pores on the edge of the eyelid.
INTRODUCTION: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is the most used tool in clinical practice to evaluate body composition in patients with obesity. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) defined by BIA has been proposed for the identification of sarcopenia, but there are currently no univocal cutoffs for this condition. In this study, we aimed: 1) to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with severe obesity using the current cutoffs of SMI; 2) to define new specific cutoffs; 3) to validate the new cutoffs; and 4) to re-determine the prevalence of sarcopenia.
METHODS: A total of 300 patients, 74% women and 26% men (mean age = 42.6 ±; 9 years), with morbid obesity (mean BMI = 46.7 ±; 6.5 kg/m2) followed by the Unit of Endocrinology from January 2014 to December 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. SMI was calculated as the skeletal muscle mass normalized for squared height through the BIA equation by Janssen et al.
RESULTS: The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity calculated using the cutoff points reported by De Rosa et al. (7.3 kg/h2 for women and 9.5 kg/h2 for men) was 2.3%. The prevalence of sarcopenia was calculated using the new cutoffs: with the cutoff obtained from the standard deviation method (8.2 kg/h2 for women and 10.2 kg/h2 for men), a prevalence of 14.7% was observed, whereas the prevalence reached 47.6% when using the cutoff calculated through the K-means unsupervised cluster (9.2 kg/h2 for women and 11.3 kg/h2 for men). The new cutoffs were validated with a second sample consisting of 300 patients with morbid obesity (BMI = 44.9 ±; 6.7 kg/m2): the rate of sarcopenic patients was still higher than that observed in the training cohort (56%). After the matching procedure (by BMI and age), the rates of sarcopenic patients were similar in both groups (50.2% in the validation group and 53% in the training group, p = 0.6).
CONCLUSION: The new cutoffs calculated with cluster analysis could better identify sarcopenia in morbidly obese patients. However, further studies are needed to validate these cutoffs in different patient cohorts.
Active agents, compositions, and methods for inhibiting and reversing platelet function are provided herein. In particular embodiments, the active agents provided herein inhibit or reverse platelet function. In particular embodiments, the compositions described herein are pharmaceutical formulations. Methods of inhibiting and reversing platelet function are also provided herein. In particular embodiments, methods as described herein include administration of a Sema3E polypeptide. Further, methods of treating pathologic conditions associated with platelet function (i.e., platelet activation) and methods of screening active agent candidates are also provided.
OBJECTIVES: Delirium is most often reported as present or absent. Patients with symptoms falling short of the diagnostic criteria for delirium fall into 'no delirium' or 'control' groups. This binary classification neglects individual symptoms and may be hindering identification of the pathophysiology underlying delirium. This systematic review investigates which individual symptoms of delirium are reported by studies of postoperative delirium in adults.
METHODS: Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched on 03 June 2021 and 06 April 2023. Two reviewers independently examined titles and abstracts. Each paper was screened in duplicate and conflicting decisions settled by consensus discussion. Data were extracted, qualitatively synthesised and narratively reported. All included studies were quality assessed.
RESULTS: These searches yielded 4,367 results. After title and abstract screening, 694 full-text studies were reviewed, and 62 deemed eligible for inclusion. This review details 11,377 patients including 2,049 patients with delirium. In total, 78 differently described delirium symptoms were reported. The most reported symptoms were inattention (N = 29), disorientation (N = 27), psychomotor agitation/retardation (N = 22), hallucination (N = 22) and memory impairment (N = 18). Notably, psychomotor agitation and hallucinations are not listed in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-5-Text Revision delirium definition.
CONCLUSIONS: The 78 symptoms reported in this systematic review cover domains of attention, awareness, disorientation and other cognitive changes. There is a lack of standardisation of terms, and many recorded symptoms are synonyms of each other. This systematic review provides a library of individual delirium symptoms, which may be used to inform future reporting.
TPVB will be performed in the sitting position A high frequency linear ultrasound probe will be applied in the parasagittal plane approximately 2-3 cm lateral to the midline till identification of the 3rd thoracic vertebra (T3) in the same side of surgery. Then the transducer will be moved progressively more medially until transverse processes are identified.The image acquired will have the transverse process located superiorly and an image of lower rib located inferiorly on the screen.The needle tip is to be observed to enter through the superior costotransverse ligament and loss of resistance sensation will be experienced. After confirming the anterior displacement of pleura with 2-3 mL of local anesthetic (LA), 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and 4 mg dexamethasone will be administered for the block.
Tricaprilin will be administered for 5-21 days. The total daily dose (individual per subject up to a maximum of 10g/kg/day) will be split into 4 doses administered orally, approximately every 6 hours.
BACKGROUND: The spirochaete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, which causes the infectious disease syphilis, can be spread through sexual contact or perinatal transmission. In recent years, cases of syphilis have increased, especially among individuals engaging in behaviour that makes them more vulnerable (condomless sex and multiple sexual partners). Condylomata acuminata (external genital warts) is one of the most common viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Individuals who are behaviourally vulnerable are also highly prone to two or more STIs. Our case exemplifies the occurrence of two STIs in a young man who was behaviourally vulnerable to acquiring STIs.
CASE: We report a case of a 21-year-old year old heterosexual man presenting with concomitant primary syphilis and genital warts. He presented with a painless genital ulcer and warty growths on his glans penis. Examination showed a painless indurated ulcer and multiple genital warts. Serology was positive for quantitative Venereal disease research laboratory test (1:16 titre). The patient was diagnosed with two concomitant STIs. He was treated as per the latest Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for primary syphilis and podophyllin resin for genital warts. After four weeks, the genital ulcer showed complete healing and there was a significant reduction of genital warts.
CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with multiple sexual partners engaging in sexual activity without the use of prevention tools are at a greater chance of acquiring two or more STIs. To reduce concomitant transmission, preventive measures against genital ulcer diseases like syphilis, herpes, and chancroid, such as early identification and treatment, and condom distribution, must be strengthened as part of national STI prevention. Patients with two or more STIs should be followed regularly to assess the progress of infection and should be offered timely medical treatment.
Physical activity is important in the self-management of long-term conditions (LTCs). However, implementing physical activity into clinical practice is challenging, due to complex barriers including access to programmes, time pressures, and transport costs, for people with comorbidities, managing multiple responsibilities. Various digital tools exist to overcome these barriers and support wide-scale implementation to help people stay physically active. We explored the experiences, needs and preferences of healthcare professionals and commissioners, regarding the use of digital tools to support people with LTCs to self-manage using physical activity. This included barriers and facilitators to implementing digital tools to support people with LTCs in NHS settings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted (April 2021 to January 2022) in Wessex, southern England, UK. Purposive sampling was used to recruit general practitioners and healthcare professionals, and convenience sampling to recruit commissioners (n = 15). Transcripts were coded to develop conceptual themes allowing comparisons between and among perspectives, with the Normalisation Process Theory (NPT)'s four constructs used to aid interpretation. Results showed that most digital tools supporting physical activity for LTCs, are not well implemented clinically. Current digital tools were seen to lack condition-specificity, usability/acceptability evidence-base, and voluntary sector involvement (i.e., NPT: coherence or 'making sense'). Healthcare professionals and commissioners were unlikely to engage with use of digital tools unless they were integrated into health service IT systems and professional networks (i.e., NPT: cognitive participation), or adaptable to the digital literacy levels of service users and staff (i.e., NPT: collective action-needs for implementation). In practice, this meant being technically, easy to use and culturally accessible (i.e., NPT: collective action-promoting healthcare work). COVID-19 changed professional attitudes towards digital tools, in that they saw them being viable, feasible and critical options in a way they had not done before the pandemic. Implementation was also influenced by endorsement and trustworthiness enhancing the perception of them as secure and evidence-based (i.e., NPT: reflective monitoring). Our findings highlight that consideration must be given to ensuring that digital tools are accessible to both healthcare professionals and patients, have usability/acceptability, and are adaptable to specific LTCs. To promote clinical engagement, digital tools must be evidence-based, endorsed by professional networks, and integrated into existing health systems. Digital literacy of patients and professionals is also crucial for cross-service implementation.
BACKGROUND: Despite increased use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with advanced melanoma, little is known about patient experiences during this treatment. This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of experiences and unmet care needs of patients treated in the adjuvant or metastatic setting for advanced melanoma regarding their ICI treatment trajectory.
METHODS: Interviews and focus groups were conducted among 35 patients treated with ICIs in the adjuvant setting for completely resected stage III (n = 14), or in the metastatic setting for irresectable stage IV (n = 21) melanoma. A thorough thematic content analysis was conducted.
RESULTS: Three main themes were identified. When (1) dealing with uncertainty in the decision-making process, adjuvant patients explored the pros and cons, whereas metastatic patients considered immunotherapy their only viable option. Both groups expressed the need for additional guidance. In (2) navigating the immunotherapy course, both perceived the trajectory as intense, experienced a major impact on their and their (close) relatives' lives, and felt the need to (re)gain control. When (3) looking back on the immunotherapy experience, metastatic patients generally felt relieved, while among adjuvant patients, feelings of doubt regarding their choice for ICIs were also reported.
CONCLUSIONS: ICI treatment is perceived as intensive for both patient groups, facing both comparable and distinct challenges throughout the treatment trajectory, underscoring the need for stage-specific, individualised guidance. Options regarding flexible follow-ups, low-threshold contact and psychosocial support throughout the treatment trajectory should be explored.
T-acute lymphoblast leukemia (T-ALL) accounts for 15-20% of all ALL cases. It is a neoplastic lymphoid leukemia characterized by the proliferation of immature precursor T cells. T-ALL is a highly aggressive tumor. Adults need intensive chemotherapy, and the cure rate is \<50%, even with stem cell transplantation. The prognosis is also very poor. The combined chemotherapy has significantly improved the prognosis of T-acute lymphoblast leukemia/lymphoma. However, once the disease appears to be relapsed/refractory, there is limited treatment options, and the overall prognosis is extremely poor. Therefore, exploring safe and effective treatments is a critical unmet medical need. Since 95% of T-ALLs express CD7, this might provide an effective targeting approach for the vast majority of T-ALL cases.
Participants receive 3 x 30 Minutes of Fascial Stretch Therapy (FST). FST is designed to enhance flexibility and functional range of motion. During these sessions, participant will be lying down comfortably while a trained therapist gently stretches their body. The therapist will use a mix of pulling, gentle movements, and controlled stretches to loosen up the connective tissue around your muscles and joints.
Relevance of a study genetic variant observed in diagnostic subject genetic data that is associated by a clinical study with a phenotype characteristic is assessed as follows. A set of polymorphisms functionally related to the study genetic variant are identified. A foreground distribution is computed of variants observed in the diagnostic subject genetic data for the set of polymorphisms. A background distribution is computed of variants observed in genetic data of subjects of the clinical study for the set of polymorphisms. A comparison metric is computed comparing the foreground distribution and the background distribution. Relevance of the study variant to the diagnostic subject is quantified based on the comparison metric, with higher similarity of the foreground and background distributions corresponding to higher relevance.
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets are extended-release tablets for oral administration that contain venlafaxine hydrochloride, USP a structurally novel antidepressant. Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). It is designated (R/S)-1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] cyclohexanol hydrochloride or (±)-1-[α- [(dimethylamino)methyl]-p-methoxybenzyl] cyclohexanol hydrochloride and has the empirical formula of C17H27NO2 HCl. Its molecular weight is 313.87. The structural formula is shown below.

Venlafaxine hydrochloride

Venlafaxine hydrochloride, USP is white to off-white crystalline solid with a solubility of 572 mg/ mL in water (adjusted to ionic strength of 0.2 M with sodium chloride). Its octanol:water (0.2 sodium chloride) patition coefficient is 0.43.

Venlafaxine Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets are formulated as extended-release tablet for once-a-day oral administration.

Venlafaxine Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets is comprised of a matrix system containing.hydrophilic polymers surrounded by an insoluble but permeable coat. After administaration, the soluble components of the coat dissolve and fluid from the gastrointestinal tract enters the tablet through the porous coat, causing the polymers to hydrate and swell. Drug is released slowly from the dosage form by a process of diffusion and erosion of the polymeric matrix

Tablets contain venlafaxine hydrochloride, USP equivalent to 150 mg, or 225 mg venlafaxine. Inactive ingredients consist of colloidal silicon dioxide, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, maltodextrin, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, opadry, polyethylene glycol, surelease clear,talc, titanium dioxide, triacetin and xanthan gum.