anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
OBJECTIVE: The frequency and mortality of candidemia remain important. Non-albicans Candida species such as C. auris are increasing.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of adult patients diagnosed with bloodstream infection due to Candida species in the 17 months between July 1, 2020, and December 1, 2021, was performed. Yeast colonies grown in culture were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight. Antifungal susceptibility tests of Candida strains were performed with Sensititre YeastOne (TREK Diagnostic Systems Inc., Westlake, Ohio) kits, and minimum inhibitory concentration values were evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoints.
RESULTS: In total, 217 patients (mean age 64.9±15.7 years) were included. C. albicans was the most common fungus (detected in 82 patients; 37.8%), followed by C. parapsilosis (17.1%), C. glabrata (15.2%), C. tropicalis (15.2%), and C. auris (9%). Candidemia developed in 175 (81.4%) of the cases during their intensive care unit stay. Fluconazole (41.0%) and caspofungin (36.4%) were the two most frequently used antifungal agents in antifungal therapy. There were 114 (52.3%) deaths in the study group. Mortality rates were found to be lower in patients infected with C. parapsilosis or C. auris. Age and previous COVID-19 infection were other important risk factors. When the 217 Candida spp. were examined, resistance and intermediate susceptibility results were higher when EUCAST criteria were used. While the two methods were found to be fully compatible only for fluconazole, a partial agreement was also observed for voriconazole.
CONCLUSIONS: As our study observed, the COVID-19 pandemic brought increasing numbers of immunosuppressed patients, widespread use of antibacterials, and central venous catheters, increasing the frequency and mortality of candidemia cases. All health institutions should be prepared for the diagnosis and treatment of candidemia. In addition, C. auris, the frequency of which has increased in recent years, is a new factor that should be considered in candidemia cases.
Patients received ranibizumab 0.5 mg intravitreally (ivt) once a month for 3 months. If the disease was inactive 4 weeks later, the next visit was postponed 2 weeks to 6 weeks later. If the disease was inactive during subsequent visits, the next visit was postponed an additional 2 weeks to 8 weeks later, the maximum interval between visits. If the disease became active at any visit, the patient received ranibizumab 0.5 mg ivt and the follow-up schedule started over.
Participating clinical microbiology laboratories will flag any Gram-negative bacteria meeting inclusion criteria. Bacteria will be subcultured; one sample will be lysed and shipped to St. Jude; the remaining sample will be stored onsite for the duration of the study. Samples of bacteria from both oncology and non-oncology patients will be included. Whole genome sequencing will be performed on the bacterial samples at St. Jude and the genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance testing (AST) results compared. Genotypic results will additionally be used to describe phylogenetic relationships and potential transmission events both within and between sites.

Each participating location will collect limited clinical data corresponding to disease and treatment related factors on the affected patient. This will include sociodemographic variables, oncologic diagnosis, treatment phase, presence of a central venous catheter or other foreign body, antibiotic treatment within the past month, and previous history of colonization or infection by a resistant organism.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric condition, mostly treated with antidepressant drugs, which are limited for issues such as refractoriness and adverse effects. In this context, the researchers investigate a non-pharmacological treatment known as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In a prior clinical trial with 120 patients with MDD, the investigators demonstrated that the combination of tDCS with sertraline 50mg/day had increased, faster effects on depressive symptoms (Brunoni et al., JAMA Psychiatry, 2013). However, although the investigators suggested that tDCS vs. sertraline had similar efficacy, such comparison was compromised due to the low sertraline dose and also because the comparison of sertraline vs. placebo was not significant. To prove that tDCS is similarly effective than antidepressants would have a tremendous impact in clinical psychiatry, since tDCS is virtually absent of adverse effects. Its ease of use, portability and low price are also interesting characteristics for using in primary and secondary health care. Thus, our aim is to compare tDCS against a fully dosed, effective antidepressant. The study will be a non-inferiority, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, three-arm trial comparing active tDCS/placebo pill, sham tDCS/escitalopram 20mg/day and sham tDCS/placebo pill for ten weeks, randomizing 240 patients with MDD in a 3:3:2 ratio (less to placebo). Our primary aim is to show that tDCS is not inferior to escitalopram 20mg/day with a noninferiority margin of at least 50% of the escitalopram-placebo effect. As secondary aims, the researchers will investigate putative biomarkers for tDCS response. This is important considering the large sample size of this study and also the paucity of tDCS studies - therefore, the identification of such biomarkers could generate new hypothesis for future studies and for tDCS' mechanisms of action. The biomarkers will be: genetic polymorphisms (BDNF, SLC6A4, THP1, 5HT2A); serum markers (BDNF); motor cortical excitability (cortical silent period, intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation); heart rate variability; and neuroimaging (structural volume of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex, white matter tracts of the prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex connectivity). This project represents a novel research line in our Institution, and the investigators thereby propose the onset of a new center denominated C.I.N.A. (Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation) that will foment the use and development of projects using neuromodulation techniques. This new center will also interact with other centers on the fields of clinical research, neurosciences and neuropsychiatry.
XLH is a rare, genetic disorder that is serious, chronically debilitating and represents an unmet medical need. XLH is the most common inherited form of rickets and the most common inherited defect in renal tubular phosphate transport. XLH is transmitted as an X-linked dominant disorder. Mutations resulting in the loss of function of PHEX form the genetic basis for XLH. More than 300 different PHEX gene mutations have been identified in patients with XLH (PHEXdb); however, few definitive correlations have been observed between specific mutations and phenotypic severity.

Patients with XLH have hypophosphatemia due to excessive serum FGF23 levels. FGF23 reduces serum phosphorus levels by two distinct mechanisms of action. The primary mechanism is to inhibit phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the kidney. The secondary mechanism is to decrease phosphate absorption by the small intestine through the inhibition of 1,25(OH)2D production in the kidney.

Burosumab has the potential to block or reduce FGF23 action and improve phosphate homeostasis in XLH patients. Burosumab binds the amino-terminal domain of FGF23 that interacts with the FGF-binding portion of the combination FGFR1/Klotho receptor, preventing FGF23 from binding to and signaling from its receptor. Both intact and fragmented FGF23 polypeptides are immunoprecipitated with burosumab. By inhibiting FGF23, burosumab restores tubular reabsorption of phosphate (as measured by the ratio of renal tubular maximum reabsorption rate of phosphate to glomerular filtration rate \[TmP/GFR\]) from the kidney and increases the production of 1,25(OH)2D that also enhances intestinal absorption of phosphate. The dual action on kidney reabsorption and intestinal absorption improves serum phosphorus levels, which is expected to improve bone mineralization and reduce the diverse bone and non-bone manifestations associated with hypophosphatemia in XLH patients.
FIELD: food and medicinal industries. SUBSTANCE: crude velvet antlers were ground, extracted with water, prepared mixture is separated for fractions and liquid fraction is dried by lyophilization. From the dried extract bioactive substances were isolated by two procedures. At the first isolation method the dried extract is dissolved in water acidified to pH 2.0-6.5, ethanol is added up to the concentration 30-60% and obtained aqueous-spirituous extract is kept at (+4)-(-20) C followed by separation for fractions: spirituous extract of bioactive substance and the precipitate - food addition. At the second isolation method 30-60% ethanol is added to the dried extract acidified to pH 2.0-6.5, extracted at stirring at (+4)-(-20) C followed by separation for fractions: liquid - bioactive substances and precipitate - food addition. EFFECT: improved method of bioactive substances preparing. 3 cl, 2 tbl
BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent age-related disease characterized by the gradual deterioration of cartilage. The involvement of chondrocyte senescence is crucial in the pathogenesis of OA. Desferoxamine (DFO) is an iron chelator with therapeutic potential in various diseases. However, the relationship of chondrocyte senescence and iron homeostasis is largely unknown.
METHODS: Chondrocyte senescence was induced using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), and the impact of DFO on chondrocyte senescence and iron metabolism was assessed through techniques such as western blotting, qRT-PCR, and β-Galactosidase staining. To assess the impact of DFO on chondrocyte senescence and the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), the surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus model was established.
RESULTS: In chondrocytes, TBHP administration resulted in elevated expression of P16, P21, and P53, as well as alterations in SA-β-gal staining. Nevertheless, DFO effectively mitigated chondrocyte senescence induced by TBHP, and reversed the decrease in collagen II expression and increase in MMP13 expression caused by TBHP. Mechanismly, TBHP induced NCOA4 expression and iron release in chondrocytes. Excessive iron could induce chondrocyte senescence, whereas, DFO could inhibit NCOA4 expression and restore ferritin level, and chelate excessive iron. Importantly, intra-articular injection of DFO enhanced collagen II expression and reduced expression of P16, P21, and MMP13 of cartilage in OA mice, and delayed cartilage degeneration.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study provides evidence that DFO has the potential to alleviate chondrocyte senescence induced by TBHP and slow down the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) by effectively chelating excessive iron. These findings suggest that iron chelation could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating OA.
While breast carcinoma is the most feared pathology in women with breast lumps, infections continue to be an important aetiology, especially in countries with low to middle socio-economic status. The breast infections or mastitis can present as acute painful breast or recurrent episodes of breast lumps with or without pain. The common causes include puerperal, non-puerperal, and idiopathic mastitis whereas uncommon causes like tuberculosis, filariasis, hydatid and other parasitic infections are still seen in developing countries. Imaging with digital mammography may be difficult due to pain or inadequate due to increased breast density. Ultrasound serves as the modality of choice for detailed assessment in these patients. Since the imaging features are often overlapping with malignancy, biopsy is almost always indicated. However, there are certain imaging findings that may point to the diagnosis of mastitis and can help in accurate radiologic-pathologic correlation. This article aims to illustrate the varied clinico-radiological features of patients with tropical breast infections.
The invention provides a CAR T cell, and the sequence for encoding the CAR comprises a sequence shown as SEQ ID NO. 1 and a sequence shown as SEQ ID NO. 3 in sequence. The CAR-T cell constructed by the invention has good proliferation capability, can generate more CD69 and CD62L under the stimulation of tumor cells, can secrete more inflammatory factors IL-2 and TNF alpha, and has higher killing efficiency and cytotoxicity to target cells. Animal experiments show that the CAR-T cells further inhibit proliferation of tumor cells in vivo, promote apoptosis of the tumor cells and prevent formation of tumor microvessels. The CAR-T cell has more remarkable effects in inhibiting the growth of mouse tumors and prolonging the survival period of mice.
The safety and effectiveness of AGAMREE for the treatment of DMD have been established in patients 2 years of age and older. Use of AGAMREE in pediatric patients is supported by a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled study in 121 males 4 to less than 7 years of age [see Clinical Studies (14)]. Use of AGAMREE in patients 2 years to less than 4 years of age and 7 to less than 18 years of age is supported by findings of efficacy and safety in patients 4 to less than 7 years of age with DMD, and by pharmacokinetic and safety data from patients 2 to 4 years of age and 7 to less than 18 years of age [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. 

The safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 2 years have not been established. 

Juvenile Animal Toxicity Data

Oral administration of vamorolone (0, 15, 30, or 100 mg/kg/day) to juvenile mice from postnatal days 21 to 81 resulted in no adverse effects on neurobehavioral function, sexual maturation, or reproductive function. Atrophy of the adrenal cortex, degeneration/necrosis of the liver, and decreased lymphocytes in lymphatic tissues were observed at all doses. A no-effect dose for general toxicity was not identified. Plasma exposures (AUC) at the lowest dose tested (15 mg/kg/day) were lower than that in humans at the maximum recommended human dose (300 mg/day).
Dexamethasone 16mg will be added to local anesthetic solution for TAP blocks. 4mg will be injected at 4 anterior abdominal wall sites in a laparoscopically-administered TAP block. This is a single intraoperative dose.
Patients receive vaccination comprising tyrosinase peptide, gp100 antigen, and MART-1 antigen emulsified with Montanide ISA-51 and ISA-51 VG as in arm I. Patients also receive sargramostim (GM-CSF) SC on days 1-5 of weeks 0, 26, 52, 78, and 104.
In 92 patients who received ELEVIDYS in clinical studies, micro-dystrophin protein expression from muscle biopsies (gastrocnemius or biceps brachii) was quantified by western blot and localized by immunofluorescence staining (fiber intensity and percentage micro-dystrophin). 

Micro-dystrophin expression (expressed as change from baseline) in ELEVIDYS-treated patients as measured by western blot was the primary objective of Study 1 and Study 2, and a key secondary objective for Study 3. Muscle biopsies were obtained at baseline prior to ELEVIDYS infusion and at Week 12 after ELEVIDYS infusion in all patients. The absolute quantity of micro-dystrophin was measured by western blot assay, adjusted by muscle content and expressed as a percent of control (levels of wild-type dystrophin in patients without DMD or Becker muscular dystrophy) in muscle biopsy samples. Study 1 and 2 results of patients receiving 1.33 × 1014 vg/kg ELEVIDYS are presented in Table 5. 

A clear association between Week 12 micro-dystrophin expression and clinical outcome (assessed by change from baseline on the Performance of Upper Limb version 2.0 assessment; Table 7) in non-ambulatory patients has not been established. 

In Study 3 Part 1, muscle biopsies were obtained at Week 12 in 31 patients. For the ELEVIDYS-treated patients, the mean micro-dystrophin expression at Week 12 was 34.3% (N=17, SD: 41.0%), compared to placebo patients of 0% (N=14, SD: 0%). 

Assessment of micro-dystrophin levels can be meaningfully influenced by differences in sample processing, analytical technique, reference materials, and quantitation methodologies. Therefore, valid comparisons of micro-dystrophin measurements obtained from different assays cannot be made.
BACKGROUND: The etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is multifactorial. The most important challenge of research is the identification of potential biomarkers associated with AD pathogenesis that may significantly contribute to early diagnosis of the disease. We aim to explore an eventual association of the C677T and A1298C genetic polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene with AD risk in an Algerian population.
METHODS: This case-control study involved comparing a group of 106 patients that had developed AD to another group of 104 non-demented individuals. The MTHFR genotypes were determined using PCR-RFLP method. Additionally, the homocysteine level was evaluated.
RESULTS: Genotypes analysis did not show an association for both MTHFR677CT and 677TT variants with AD risk (OR = 1.12; p = 0.66; OR = 1.76; p = 0.09) respectively. As expected, the 677CC wild type genotype showed a protective role against AD (OR = 0.52; p = 0.03). For 1298AC MTHFR variant, the distribution of different genotypes did not show a statistical significant difference between the two cohorts. However the silmutaneous carrier, CT/AC presented association with AD (OR = 5.96; p = 0.05). On the other hand, carrier-state of MTHFR T allele showed a relationship with AD (OR = 1.98; p = 0.02). Additionally, hyperhomocysteinemia seems to be a risk factor for AD (OR = 1.08; p = 0.02).
CONCLUSION: Our exploration reveals that the silmutaneous carrier, CT/AC, carrier-state of MTHFR T allele, and hyperhomocysteinemia seem to be risk factors for AD.
1500846 Antibiotics BAYER AG 8 March 1976 [8 March 1975] 09181/76 Heading C2A A novel antibiotic is characterized in the following manner: (a) it consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; (b) it is soluble in water, (C 1 -C 4 ) alcohols, chloroform and acetone and is sparingly soluble in diethyl ether, petroleum ether and cyclohexane; (c) it is a neutral substance and does not migrate on electrophoresis; (d) it eliminates reducing sugars on acid hydrolysis and (e) it exhibits a pronounced band at 267 nm. in the U.V. spectrum. The antibiotic is further characterized by the spectra indicated in Figs 1 to 4 (not shown). The antibiotic may be prepared by culturing one or both Actinoplanes strains SE73 (ATCC 31058) and SE 73/B (ATCC 31060) under aerobic conditions in a culture medium containing assimilable sources of carbon, nitrogen and mineral substances. The antibiotic may be incorporated into pharmaceutical and animal feed compositions.
Participants in this condition receive education conducted in one office session followed by 4 cell-phone-based sessions. The education sessions focus on raising awareness of health services and health improvement strategies.
PURPOSE: To obtain a new compd. useful as an inhibitor for reverse transcriptase of virus for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by retroviruses.  
     CONSTITUTION: This compd. is expressed by formula I (R is H or a blocking group; A is H, OH, a halogen, SH, NH 2  or azide; B is a (deoxy)nucleoside base; (n) is 0 to 30). The compd. is obtd., for example, in the following processes. First, 5'-O-dimethoxytrimethyl-N4-benzoyldeoxycytidine is reacted with bis- pyrrolidinyl chlorophosphine and 4-chlorobenzylmercaptan to obtain deoxycytidine phosphorothioamidide expressed by formula II. The obtd. compd and a dried acetonitrile soln. of tetrazole are reacted with a deoxynucleoside on a silica expressed by formula III ((P) is a silica base body). The obtd. product is oxidized with sulfur, and successively subjected to acylation and detritylation of unreacted deoxynucleoside. Then the produced compd. expressed by formula IV is used to extend oligonucleotide. 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO
The compositions disclosed herein are of use for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. In particular, the compositions provide oxytocin and oxytocin analogs in sustained release formulations. In particular embodiments, the disclosed compositions concern oxytocin and oxytocin analogs, each of which may be associated with a biodegradable polymer and/or attached to a hydrophilic polymer. The methods include treatment of a wide variety of diseases and conditions. In particular, the methods include treatment of sexual dysfunction and disorders associated with repetitive behaviors, such as autism. The usefulness of the present invention is that the oxytocin, oxytocin analogs and mixtures thereof can be administered in a pharmaceutical formulation that increases their half-life and also provides for sustained release.
The qualitative phase of the sub-study will consist of semi-structured interviews. During the semi-structured interviews, 10 eligible women will be recruited to identify barriers and facilitators to accessing virtual mental health services during the pandemic. This information will be used to adapt an evidence-based patient navigation intervention for virtual use. Investigators will also use information from this qualitative study to adapt a measure of engagement in early intervention services for use among women with postpartum depression to measure engagement with mental health services.
OBJECTIVES: Donor safety is paramount in living donor liver transplantation. However, there remains a risk of postoperative complications for some donors. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of donor morbidity by a single team with 17 years of experience at a single center.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 453 donor hepatectomies of living donor liver transplants at Kumamoto University from August 2000 to March 2017. Posterior segment graft cases were excluded in this study.
RESULTS: The donors were classified by graft type as follows: right lobe (n = 173), left lobe (n = 149), and left lateral segment (n = 131). The overall complication rate was 29.8%, and the severe complication (Clavien-Dindo grade IIIa or higher) rate was 9.1%. The most frequent complication was bile leakage, with an overall incidence of 13.9% and severe incidence of 4.6%. Among the 3 types of graft, there were no significant differences in bile leakage with any Clavien-Dindo grade. However, upper gastrointestinal complications, such as a duodenal ulcer and gastric stasis, were related to left lobe donation.
CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative donor complications, except upper gastrointestinal complications, among the 3 types of graft.
Intervention: Consuming diets rich in fiber, rich in sugar, and rich in fat during treatment periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Treatment periods are separated by one week of habitual diet.