anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
UNLABELLED: In a musical wind instrument, sound is produced by vibration of air, typically created by the player blowing into the instrument. Many researchers believe that wind instrumentalists have vocal and laryngeal problems related to playing their instruments. In this study, wind instrumentalists were defined as those who had a history (1 year or more) of studying a wind instrument (flute, clarinet, saxophone, oboe, bassoon, trumpet, trombone, tuba, or French horn) at any time in their lives. Laryngeal electromyography (L EMG) had been obtained because vocal fold paresis was suspected clinically. Data analysis indicated that wind instrument players appear to experience greater levels of decreased nerve recruitment than non-instrumentalist singers do who present with paresis.
METHODOLOGY: Voice patients who underwent laryngeal EMG for clinically suspected vocal fold paresis between 2019 and 2021 were included in the study. Subjects were divided into two groups depending on history of playing wind instruments. Only patients with insufficient information in their medical records were excluded. All data were reviewed retrospectively. Percentage of nerve recruitment, the recruitment rating scale used in previous studies, wind instrument played, gender, age, and laryngeal Myasthenia Gravis diagnosis were variables included in the descriptive statistics, correlational, and regression analyses used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: Data analysis indicated that in the 103 subjects included (47 wind instrumentalists and 56 non-wind instrumentalists) that wind instrument players, past and present, experience levels of greater decreased nerve recruitment that non-instrumentalist singers do when presenting with paresis. Kind of wind instrument played was statistically significant but moderately correlated to the RRS (Recruitment Rating Scale) of the left PCA. Sex was correlated moderately and statistically significantly with right CT recruitment.
CONCLUSION: Playing wind instruments in voice patients diagnosed with paresis might be associated with increased severity of laryngeal nerve damage. Further research is needed to confirm or refute these findings.
FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves administering 0.1% oil solution of estradiol benzoate at an empiric dose of 0.2 ml into the skin of internal surface of a forearm. The injection is repeated in 6 and 24 hours to examine the retarded allergenic reaction on haptens. The response starts manifesting in 6 h, the maximum time for reaction to arise being equal to 24 h. The reaction is considered to be positive if the papule grows from 5-6 mm in diameter to 10-12 mm, skin reddening and itch appears in the region of injection. The reaction is considered to be negative, if the papule does not change in size (5-6 mm diameter). The positive reaction is considered to confirm the hyperestrogenemia diagnosis, whereas the negative one witnesses in favour of the normoestrogenemia. EFFECT: enhanced accuracy in making diagnosis.
Viral infections in the normal host are usually self-limited as the innate and acquired immune systems mount successful antiviral responses. However, in some instances, apparently immunocompetent persons manifest infections with viruses that would otherwise be observed only in severely immunocompromised hosts. For example, cases of herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis, esophagitis orgastritis, cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis, adenovirus hepatitis or pneumonitis, recurrent or persistent skin infections caused by HSV or varicella zoster virus (VZV), severe warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), recurrent respiratory papillomatosis caused by HPV, severe influenza or respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) due to JC polyomavirus have been described in apparently immunocompetent patients. While a variety of case reports have described severe viral infections in immunocompetent hosts, the pathogenesis of the vast majority of these cases is not understood, and therapy can be unsuccessful.

In this protocol, we will evaluate patients without known immunocompromise, who have severe, persistent, or treatment-refractory viral infections caused by herpesviruses, adenoviruses, polyoma viruses, papillomaviruses, or other viral infections. We will investigate whether certain host or virologic factors predispose these individuals to severe disease. We will also determine the usefulness of various microbiologic tests (e.g., cultures, serology, molecular assays) for following the course of infection in these patients. The physicians in the Clinical Center will provide optimal therapy for these patients, as part of standard of care. Identification of virologic or host factors that predispose these patients to severe viral infections may have important implications for elucidating the pathogenesis of infection and for the development of novel therapies.
Electronic, programmable, portable infusion pumps will be used to administer perineural study solution at fixed rates for over 6 days. Subjects will receive a total of 1,100 mL of normal saline placebo fluid from either one (upper extremity) or two (lower extremity) pump and external reservoir combinations. The continuous basal infusion rate will be determined by catheter location: femoral 2.5 mL/h; popliteal-sciatic 5 mL/h; and infraclavicular 7.5 mL/h (37.5 mg/h for both upper and lower extremity subjects). No patient-controlled bolus dose will be included. Subjects assigned this treatment for their initial infusion will have the option of returning 4-16 weeks later for a second infusion of the alternate treatment: ropivacaine 0.5%.
BACKGROUND: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogenous multi-system syndrome with limited efficacious treatment options. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise and predisposes patients to HFpEF, and HFpEF remains one of the biggest challenges in cardiovascular medicine today. Novel therapeutic targets are required to meet this important clinical need. Deep phenotyping studies including -OMIC analyses can provide important pathogenic information to aid the identification of such targets. The aims of this study were to determine; 1) the impact of a low-energy diet on plasma sphingolipid/ceramide profiles in people with T2D compared to healthy controls and, 2) if the change in sphingolipid/ceramide profile is associated with reverse cardiovascular remodelling.
METHODS: Post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial (NCT02590822) including adults with T2D with no cardiovascular disease who completed a 12-week low-energy (∼810 kcal/day) meal-replacement plan (MRP) and matched healthy controls (HC). Echocardiography, cardiac MRI and a fasting blood for lipidomics were undertaken pre/post-intervention. Candidate biomarkers were identified from case-control comparison (fold change > 1.5 and statistical significance p < 0.05) and their response to the MRP reported. Association between change in biomarkers and change indices of cardiac remodelling were explored.
RESULTS: Twenty-four people with T2D (15 males, age 51.1 ± 5.7 years), and 25 HC (15 male, 48.3 ± 6.6 years) were included. Subjects with T2D had increased left ventricular (LV) mass:volume ratio (0.84 ± 0.13 vs. 0.70 ± 0.08, p < 0.001), increased systolic function but impaired diastolic function compared to HC. Twelve long-chain polyunsaturated sphingolipids, including four ceramides, were downregulated in subjects with T2D at baseline. Three sphingomyelin species and all ceramides were inversely associated with LV mass:volume. There was a significant increase in all species and shift towards HC following the MRP, however, none of these changes were associated with reverse cardiac remodelling.
CONCLUSION: The lack of association between change in sphingolipids/ceramides and reverse cardiac remodelling following the MRP casts doubt on a causative role of sphingolipids/ceramides in the progression of heart failure in T2D.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02590822.
One change associated with human aging is a reduction in "fitness", both in terms of how far or quickly a person can run/cycle/swim and also in how well their blood vessels work. Additionally a person's metabolic fitness decreases; this is how well the body copes with nutrition and is why, for example, older people have a higher risk of diseases like type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have shown that as people become less fit, they are at increased risk of suffering a complication whilst undergoing surgery. It has also been shown that measuring how fit someone is, is better at predicting the risk of a surgical complication than purely using a person's age alone. Lots of research has shown that exercise can potentially reverse some of the age-related declines in fitness, however most has used long sessions of continuous exercise over a long period of time. High-intensity interval training (HIT), whereby people cycle on an exercise bike very hard for a minute, followed by a short rest, repeated over the course of 15 minutes can rapidly improve a person's fitness. However not everyone will be able to, or indeed want to participate in exercise this strenuous; therefore this research seeks to explore whether other options, such as dietary supplements can improve aspects of fitness

This study intends to examine the effect of giving a dietary supplement on the way a person's body handles the glucose (from carbohydrates/ sugars) in a meal. Previous work has shown that taking a beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplement may improve may improve a patient's response to glucose, however the evidence is not clear. HMB is a commercially available nutritional supplement providing a compound that the body produces each time protein is consumed, and is most commonly used by bodybuilders to help gain muscle.
Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute exanthematous febrile pediatric illness involving systemic non-specific inflammatory reactions in small- and medium-sized arteries, poses a significant risk of coronary artery and myocardial inflammatory injury. Developing new KD treatments with improved safety and fewer side-effects is highly desirable. Forsythoside B (FTS-B), extracted from the Forsythia suspensa plant, exerts anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NF-κB, which is regulated by SIRT1, the reduced expression of which is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease. However, it has yet to be established whether FTS-B influences KD-related inflammatory damage. In this study, we investigated the effects of FTS-B on inflammation in cellular and murine models of KD. Our findings revealed that KD is associated with cardiac dysfunction and inflammatory injury to myocardial and human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), resulting in a pyroptosis-feedback loop. Both cellular and KD models were characterized by reduced SIRT1 expression and increased NF-κB p65 expression. Contrastingly, the rates of pyroptosis in both murine model myocardial tissues and HCAECs were significantly alleviated in response to FTS-B treatment. Also in both models, we detected an increase of SIRT1 expression and a decrease in the expression of p65. Further examination of the protective mechanism of FTS-B using the SIRT1-specific inhibitor, EX 527, revealed that this inhibitor blocked the palliative effects of FTS-B on inflammatory injury-induced pyroptosis. These results highlight the potential utility of the SIRT1-NF-κB-p65 pathway as a therapeutic target for KD treatment and demonstrate that FTS-B can alleviate KD-induced cardiac and HCAEC inflammatory injury via inhibition of pyroptosis.
Participants will bring into clinic their first voided urine of the day on assigned days 1, 4 and 7 in a urinary collection kit that will be given. A urine dip stick will be performed on the samples. Each time they bring in a sample, they will have a serum blood draw for estradiol and FSH. The participants will then be started on EstroGel© for 14 days from day 7-21. During that time that they are on EstroGel©, the participants will bring into clinic their first voided urine of the day on assigned days 15, 18, and 21 in a urinary collection kit that will be given. A urine dip stick will be performed on the samples. Each time they bring in a sample, they will have a serum blood draw for estradiol and FSH. After the last urinary collection and blood draw, they will discontinue the EstroGel and be started on micronized progesterone if they have a uterus for 12 days.
BACKGROUND: While studies have suggested an association between periodontal disease and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, the strength of this association and its specific links to various types of cardiovascular disease have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to examine how gingivitis and tooth loss affect cardiovascular diseases, probing their individual impacts.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, encompassing 3,779,490 individuals with no history of cardiovascular disease, utilizing data from the National Health Examination and the Korean National Health Insurance database from 2006 to 2019. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate the association between tooth loss, gingivitis, and cardiovascular disease.
RESULTS: Following a median follow-up of 10.38 years, 17,942 new cardiovascular disease cases were identified, comprising 10,224 cases of angina pectoris, 6,182 cases of acute myocardial infarction, and 9,536 cases of stroke. It was observed that the risk of stroke was significantly higher in the tooth loss group compared to the control group (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.15). In the group with gingivitis and tooth loss, the risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease was significantly higher than in the control group (aHR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.20; aHR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.14). The gingivitis group exhibited a higher risk associated with stroke (aHR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.10) among individuals aged 50 and above. However, statistically significant associations between periodontal disease and angina pectoris were not observed, nor between periodontal disease and acute myocardial infarction except among those aged above 50. Furthermore, the association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease was found to be stronger among individuals over the age of 50, males, those with obesity, and smokers compared to the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results emphasize the association of tooth loss and gingivitis with cardiovascular disease, specifically stroke, underlining the critical need for preventive oral healthcare. Tailored interventions are necessary to reduce the heightened risk of cardiovascular disease events, especially stroke, among older, obese individuals and smokers.
The Investigators preliminary evidence indicates that people with DS have metabolic biomarkers associated with oxidative stress (GSH/GSSG) and reduced methylation capacity (SAM/SAH) as well as abnormal DNA methylation (epigenetics). The investigative team hypothesize that these abnormal metabolic processes contribute to abnormalities in behavior and development associated with trisomy 21; this connection has never been investigated. Confirming and expanding on the preliminary data would provide new understanding of the biological and functional etiology of the behavioral and developmental delays associated with Trisomy 21. Further, establishing the underlying relationship between metabolic abnormalities and behavioral/cognitive function over the age spectrum can provide strong support for the design of future treatments of individuals with DS aimed at improving their behavior and development. In addition, these biomarkers may also prove to be predictive biomarkers for the risk of developing ASD like behaviors or Alzheimer's disease in this population. Finally, examining the modulating role of diet in the severity of biological abnormalities will provide new information for lifestyle guidance to improve biomarkers and potentially minimize the medical co-morbidities associated with trisomy 21.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a cell activator for skin preparations for external use having excellent animal cell proliferation action and humidifying action and capable of improving chapped skin and preventing aging of skin such as fine wrinkles by using a specific extract containing ang-khak useful also as a health food as a raw material. SOLUTION: This cell activator is obtained by using ang-khak, especially an enzymatically decomposed and extracted material of ang-khak obtained by culturing filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Monascus in grains. A fungus selected from among Monascus purpreus, Monascus pilosus and Monascus anka is used as the filamentous fungus. Grain selected from among rice, wheat, adlay, foxtail millet, Panicum crus-galli, Panicum miliaceum and corn is preferably used as the grains. Amylase or protease is preferably used as the decomposing enzyme. Rice ang-khak containing 2.0-5.0mg/g glucosamine is preferably used as the raw material. This new skin preparation for external use is obtained by using the cell activator. The skin preparation for external use has a form of liquid, emulsion, gel, cream, paste, solid, powder or sheet.
Exposure of the perineum to the vapor of the active comparator, 2 ml peppermint oil. The perineum will NOT come into contact with the oil directly.
The present invention is a method of conducting clinical trials (172). Each clinical trial includes members comprising trial administrators, trial monitor, trial investigators, and trial participants or patients. The present invention allows the conduct of the clinical trial to take place over a network, e.g., the Internet or the telephone grid. The participants use computing devices connected to the network to perform transactions of the clinical trial. Each of these tests comprises one or more periods of execution or intervals (174), test elements (178), and a plurality of exception (180) limits. All the trial participants are listed in a database and are assigned access and validation levels. The executed transactions are stored in a database. Any time during the performance of the clinical trial the stored transactions can be queried at random to assure veracity of the clinical trial and to notify the trial administrator of discrepancy to prevent fraud.
Treatment Cycle 1: One solifenacin placebo capsule taken orally once daily starting at Day 1 for up to 24 weeks with an intradetrusor injection of BOTOX placebo at Day 1. After a minimum of 12 weeks, patients could request/qualify for a BOTOX injection.
Intrahepatic bile duct mucinous adenocarcinoma (IHBDMAC) is a rare pathological subtype of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC), and its tumor biological features and survival outcomes have rarely been explored, especially when compared to the most common subtype, intrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinoma (IHBDAC). Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the clinical features and survival outcomes of IHBDAC and IHBDMAC using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2000 to 2021. A total of 1,126 patients were included, with 1,083 diagnosed with IHBDAC and 43 diagnosed with IHBDMAC. Patients with IHBDMAC presented with a more advanced T stage (55.8% vs. 36.9%, P = 0.012) and higher rate of lymph node metastasis (37.2% vs. 24.9%, P = 0.070). Cox regression identified advanced T stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis as poor survival predictors, while chemotherapy and surgery were protective factors. Survival analyses revealed significantly worse overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for IHBDMAC compared to IHBDAC (P < 0.05). Even after matching, patients with IHBDMAC still had a worse prognosis than those with IHBDAC. These findings highlight the aggressive nature of IHBDMAC and the need for tailored therapeutic strategies. Future research should focus on prospective studies and molecular insights to develop targeted treatments for IHBDMAC.
Behavioural disturbances are often observed, but (to our knowledge) not systematically assessed, in children who are in post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Therefore, we aimed to develop a prototype scale that measures the full range of behavioural disturbances exhibited by school-aged children in PTA. Quantitative and qualitative feedback was collected via online surveys. First, experts (n = 7) evaluated the relevance and developmental appropriateness of 37 behavioural items, extracted from the scoping literature review. Second, clinicians (n = 20) evaluated the preliminary scale for its suitability (acceptability, feasibility and usability). Analyses included descriptive statistics and qualitative analyses. First, experts eliminated nine items, adjusted the wording of three retained items and categorised 18 of the remaining 28 items into one of eight categories. Ten items were not consistently categorised. All experts highlighted that the scale needed to be short and easy to administer. Hence, categorised items were bundled, arriving at an 18-item preliminary scale. Second, clinicians deemed the preliminary scale highly suitable, easy to implement and addressing a gap in current clinical practice. The layout of the scale and wording of three items was modified according to qualitative feedback, arriving at an 18-item prototype. To our knowledge, this is the first scale designed to assess the full range of behavioural disturbances in children in PTA. The scale has the potential to systematically assess behaviour and streamline documentation of behavioural recovery in this population, inform management and rehabilitation, track responses to interventions and facilitate discussion with affected families.
Malalignment of the knee joint causes arthritis in later life. Currently there are three surgical ways to treat knee arthritis: total knee replacement, partial knee replacement, and high tibial osteotomy (HTO). The former two very much focus on treating the effect of malalignment, i.e. removing the arthritic joint. However, HTO addresses the cause of the arthritis, namely the joint malalignment. This preserves the patient's joint and it means that a patient will start using the unaffected part of the knee joint more.

HTO involves cutting a wedge out the tibia to correct the alignment of that bone with the knee joint, to redistribute load from the affected medial part to lateral part. To keep the tibia in the new position, a medical nail device is attached to keep it in place and allow new bone to regenerate within the wedge. Currently, the market leader for HTO is the TomoFix (by DePuySynthes company) plate and nail device. As the name suggests, TomoFix is fixed at surgery and therefore the change in bone angle cannot be changed afterwards. It does mean that patients can be weight-bearing on the affected leg soon after the HTO procedure. A new CE-marked device is being tested in an interventional trial; it is produced by Ellipse Technologies. This device is an extendable nail and inserted intramedullary; following surgery the nail is tend slowly extended over a period of time until the bone correction is satisfactory.

The CISKO imaging study will assess whether there is a difference between the TomoFix and Ellipse system in terms of bone regeneration in the tibial wedge by performing a CT-scan at 3 and 6 months post-operatively. This will be quantified by two independent radiological reports. A secondary objective is to investigate patient satisfaction and also patient pain levels at these time intervals. The degree of bone healing is usually the main factor holding clinicians back when it comes to advising patients on what activities they can return to post-operatively. A difference in bone healing between the two systems may impact on the advice clinicians can give patients regarding recommencing more intense activities such as recreational sports, which ultimately could positively impact patients' health and well-being.