anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Disclosed herein are systems and methods for the mass testing of a population for an infection. Pooled sampling may be used to reduce the number of tests needed for effective community surveillance. Individual members may be sorted into pools via a probability of infection to minimize the tests needed to identify positive individuals. The detection limits of testing assays may be used to help determine an appropriate pool size. Taxonomy tables characterizing the solution space of the total tests needed based on different variables may be generated and/or used to make testing decisions. Simulations of mass testing schemes may be used to facilitate testing decisions. Systems may be used to coordinate data and/or automate one or more steps of the testing process. Long-term community surveillance strategies may use prevalence testing, periodic mass testing via sample pooling, and/or periodic single sample testing to contain the spread of a contagion.
The adrenal gland is a vital endocrine organ, and adrenal steroid synthesis and secretion are closely regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to various stimuli. Surgery or trauma can activate the HPA axis and induce the secretion of cortisol. Different cortisol responses vary with the grade of surgery. Perioperative medications have the potential to decrease the cortisol level in the body, and both excessive and insufficient cortisol levels after surgery are disadvantageous. The effect of perioperative medications on the HPA response to surgery can be divided into three levels: "adrenal insufficiency (AI)", "stress response inhibition", and "uncertainty". The clinical presentation of AI includes fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle cramps, hypotension, hypovolemic shock and prerenal failure, which may result in fatal consequences. Stress response inhibition can reduce postoperative complications, such as pain and cognitive dysfunction. This is protective to patients during perioperative and postoperative periods. The aim of the present review is to shed light on current evidence regarding the exact effects and mechanisms of perioperative medications on the HPA response to surgical injury and provide the applicable guidance on clinical anesthesia.
Evidence increasingly suggests molybdenum exposure at environmental levels is still associated with adverse human health, emphasizing the necessity to establish a more protective reference dose (RfD). Herein, we conducted a study measuring 15 urinary metals and 30 clinical health indicators in 2267 participants residing near chemical enterprises across 11 Chinese provinces to investigate their relationships. The kidney and cystatin-C emerged as the most sensitive organ and critical effect indicator of molybdenum exposure, respectively. Odds of cystatin-C-defined chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the highest quantile of molybdenum exposure significantly increased by 133.5% (odds ratio [OR]: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.78, 3.11) and 75.8% (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.49) before and after adjusting for urinary 14 metals, respectively. Intriguingly, cystatin-C significantly mediated 15.9-89.5% of molybdenum's impacts on liver and lung function, suggesting nephrotoxicity from molybdenum exposure may trigger hepatotoxicity and pulmonary toxicity. We derived a new RfD for molybdenum exposure (0.87 μg/kg-day) based on cystatin-C-defined estimated glomerular filtration rate by employing Bayesian Benchmark Dose modeling analysis. This RfD is significantly lower than current exposure guidance values (5-30 μg/kg-day). Remarkably, >90% of participants exceeded the new RfD, underscoring the significant health impacts of environmental molybdenum exposure on populations in industrial regions of China.
BACKGROUND: An estimated 20% of patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC) have micrometastases (Mi) or isolated tumor cells (ITC) in the cervical lymph nodes that evade detection by standard histological evaluation of lymph node sections. Lymph node Mi and ITC could be one reason for regional recurrence after neck dissection. The aim of this study was to review the existing data regarding the impact of Mi on the survival of patients with OOSCC.
METHODS: PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles reporting the impact of Mi and ITC on patient survival. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality of retrieved studies using the Downs and Black index. Data were also extracted on study type, number of included patients, mode of histological analysis, statistical analysis, and prognostic impact.
RESULTS: Sixteen articles with a total of 2064 patients were included in the review. Among the 16 included studies, eight revealed a statistically significant impact of Mi on at least one endpoint in the Kaplan-Meier and/or multivariate analysis. Three studies regarded Mi as Ma, while five studies found no impact of Mi on survival. Only one study demonstrated an impact of ITC on patient's prognosis in the univariate but not in the multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSION: The majority of cases included in the review were patients with oral cancer. The findings provide low-certainty evidence that Mi negatively impacts survival. Data on ITC were scarcer, so no conclusions can be drawn about their effect on survival. The lower threshold to discriminate between Mi and ITC should be defined for OOSCC since the existing thresholds are based on data from different tumors. The histological, immunohistological, and anatomical characteristics of Mi and ITC in OOSCC as well as the effect of radiotherapy on Mi should be further investigated separately for oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas.
PURPOSE: To obtain a bathing agent having improving effect on reduction in metabolic rotation rate of collagen with aging, excellent skin beautifying effect and no cohesiveness in terms of commodity, containing a silicic acid alkyl ester for promoting procollagnase production of cell. CONSTITUTION: This bathing agent contains 0.1-20wt.% of a silicic acid alkyl ester (e.g. ethyl silicate) as a procollagnase production promoting substance and 0.001-10wt.% of ascorbic acid for promoting the synthesis of the silicic acid alkyl ester and collagen or its derivative (e.g. ascorbic acid phosphate). The bathing agent is properly mixed with an inorganic salt (e.g. sodium chloride), an organic acid (e.g. benzoic acid), fats and oils (e.g. olive oil), a binder (e.g. glycerol), a surfactant (e.g. sodium polyethylene lauryl ether sulfate), a perfume, a crude medicine, a fungicide, a vitamin and a coloring matter and pharmaceutically manufactured. Bathing in 1-200mg/l concentration per day for 10-30 minutes is effective.
Infertile women with endometriosis will be recruited from those attending Dept of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility after clinical diagnosis on the basis of sonographic findings of chocolate cyst with or without dysmenorrhea. After evaluating for eligibility criteria and taking informed consent she will be randomized to either cabergoline group or to dydrogesterone group. Women assigned to cabergoline group will receive 0.5 mg cabergoline twice weekly (fridays and tuesdays), after meal at night for 6 months. The dydrogesterone group will receive 10 mg of dydrogesterone twice daily from day 5 to day 25 of menstrual cycle for six months. She will be followed up every month to check for compliance or any side effects. The couple will have intercourse timed with LH kit or intercourse on alternate days from day 10 to day 15 of the cycle if the LH kit is not available. She will visit 3 months and 6 months after the beginning of treatment. At each follow up visit, she will be assessed for pregnancy, visual analog scale for pain and transvaginal sonogram to measure the chocolate cyst. Estimation of serum CA125 and any side effects will be noted.
BACKGROUND: In this study, our objective was to investigate the predictive value of serum and urine fluctuations of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipid transporters (NGAL) in relation to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with septic associated AKI (SA-AKI).
METHODS: A total of 425 SA-AKI patients were enrolled in this study and divided into the recovery group (n = 320) and the AKI-to-CKD group (n = 105) based on 3-month follow-up data. The serum and urine NGAL levels on the day of AKI diagnosis (T0) and 48 h after anti-AKI treatment (T1) were recorded and calculated.
RESULTS: The levels of NGAL in serum and urine were found to be higher in the AKI-to-CKD group compared to the recovery group at T1 point (P < 0.05). The reductions of NGAL at 48 h in serum and urine were lower in the AKI-to-CKD group than those observed in the recovery group (P < 0.05). In comparison to T0, a significant decrease was noted for both serum and urine NGAL levels on T1 among patients who recovered from AKI (P < 0.05), whereas no such trend was observed among those with AKI-to-CKD transition (P > 0.05). After adjusting age, sex, and BMI through partial correlation analysis, the reduction of serum NGAL was found to be most strongly associated with the transition from AKI to CKD. ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.832 for serum NGAL reduction, with a cut-off value of - 111.24 ng/ml and sensitivity and rates of 76.2% and 81.2%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated that a reduction of serum NGAL ≥ - 111.24 ng/ml was the early warning indicator for the progression of CKD in SA-AKI patients.
CONCLUSION: The reduction of serum NGAL following 48 h of anti-AKI therapy represents a distinct hazard factor for the advancement of CKD in patients with SA-AKI, independent of other variables.
Patients will undergo the global thrombosis test (GTT), thromboelastography (TEG) and thrombin generation assays before and after stabilisation(4 weeks) of their anticoagulation. This will allow to compare the effect of apixaban on endogenous fibrinolysis before and after treatment.
This patient visited our hospital for the purpose of detailed examination of prostate cancer in his seventies. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)revealed a low-density mass of 2 cm in the pancreatic head. He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed after 2 courses of gemcitabine and S-1 therapy were performed as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. An intraoperative clamp test of the gastroduodenal artery showed that the pulsation of the common hepatic artery and the proper hepatic artery was weak but sufficient, so the gastroduodenal artery was cut and the operation was completed as planned. A blood test on the 1st day after the operation showed elevated levels of AST 537 U/L, ALT 616 U/L, and 7 hours later blood sampling showed further increases in AST 1,455 U/L, ALT 1,314 U/L. After a detailed review of the preoperative CT, celiac artery stenosis due to compression of the arcuate ligament was suspected, and urgent median arcuate ligament release was performed on the same day. Dissection of the arcuate ligament significantly improved the pulsation of the common hepatic artery and proper hepatic artery. Postoperatively, hepatic enzymes improved and ISGPS showed Grade B pancreatic juice leakage, but the patient was discharged from the hospital on the 49th postoperative day without any other complications. He took S-1 as adjuvant chemotherapy, and no signs of recurrence have been observed 9 months after the operation.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combined with endoscopic papillary sphinctomy (EST) is the preferred clinical treatment for common bile duct stones, and this minimally invasive treatment technique has been widely used in clinical practice for decades. However, even after successful stone removal by EST combined with various methods, the incidence of postoperative recurrent bile duct stones can still be as high as 9.8%\~30% . The emergence of these long-term complications after EST surgery is currently thought to be related to the loss of Oddi sphincter function. EST sphincterotomy results in destruction of the Oddi sphincter structure, which in turn causes dysfunction and reflux of intestinal contents into the biliary tract (biliary reflux). In clinical practice, the investigators tried a new method to repair the Oddi sphincter, that is, after ERCP+EST stone removal, a metal clip was inserted into the endoscopic clamp through the duodenoscopy, and clamp precisely on both lateral edges of the nipple after incision. Initial explorations in animal and human trials showed good results, with 3 weeks after clipping of the incised nipple not only showing scar repair of the nipple shape and structure, but also confirmed the recovery of sphincter function by Oddi sphincter manometry, the Oddi's sphincter basal pressure, contraction frequency and contraction amplitude were able to return to the pre-EST level.

the investigators designed a single-center randomized controlled trial to explore and verify the clinical effect of ECPP on the prevention of recurrent bile duct stones within one year by comparing the incidence of recurrent bile duct stones within one year after EST surgery. This prospective study will be performed at 1 tertiary hospitals in China. The investigators will recruit patients according to admission criteria and exclusion criteria. The patients will be randomized (at a 1:1 ratio) to endoscopic papillary sphinctomy (EST) group (control group) and endoscopic nipple clipping (ECPP) group (experimental group). The control groups will be followed by routine EST stone removal, the patient's postoperative nipple is in a post-incision state; The experimental group underwent ECPP after EST. The primary endpoint is the incidence of recurrent bile duct stones. The secondary outcomes include the mortality of each group, adverse events and the rate of technical success.
The subject of the invention is a method for synthesis of magnetic liposomes consisting of a phospholipid bubble, i.e. a vesicle, and of magnetic nanoparticles trapped into the phospholipid layer. The procedure according to the invention comprises the procedure of electroformation of phospholipid vesicles, i.e. liposomes, in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles. The electric field enhances the formation of magnetic liposomes from the mixture of a nonpolar solvent, lipids, cholesterol, saccharose and magnetic nanoparticles. Because this kind of magnetic liposomes can be guided by means of a suitable exterior magnetic field, they are of interest for applications in medicine for therapeutic purposes, e.g. as drug carriers to specific locations of disease or for the use in immune tests for isolation and detection of specific molecules from solutions.
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a highly contagious, fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by infectious prions (PrPCWD) affecting wild and captive cervids. Although experimental feeding studies have demonstrated prions in feces of crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), coyotes (Canis latrans), and cougars (Puma concolor), the role of scavengers and predators in CWD epidemiology remains poorly understood. Here we applied the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay to detect PrPCWD in feces from cervid consumers, to advance surveillance approaches, which could be used to improve disease research and adaptive management of CWD. We assessed recovery and detection of PrPCWD by experimental spiking of PrPCWD into carnivore feces from 9 species sourced from CWD-free populations or captive facilities. We then applied this technique to detect PrPCWD from feces of predators and scavengers in free-ranging populations. Our results demonstrate that spiked PrPCWD is detectable from feces of free-ranging mammalian and avian carnivores using RT-QuIC. Results show that PrPCWD acquired in natural settings is detectable in feces from free-ranging carnivores, and that PrPCWD rates of detection in carnivore feces reflect relative prevalence estimates observed in the corresponding cervid populations. This study adapts an important diagnostic tool for CWD, allowing investigation of the epidemiology of CWD at the community-level.
Exposure to dietary molecules during adulthood creates an epigenetic memory in immune cells affecting disease risk in later years of life. Many nutritional molecules have a direct effect on the human genome and/or epigenome, since they (or their metabolites) activate transcription factors or chromatin modifiers. This process is the mechanistic basis of the discipline nutrigenomics. Thus, the daily diet of humans leads to changes in the transcriptome and epigenome of many tissues and cell types. In this way, many physiological functions of the human body, such as a well-responding immune system, are influenced by diet. Some of these effects are not only transient but may lead to persistent changes of the epigenome in many different tissues. However, the mechanistic details of this dietary programming of the epigenome are not well understood. Therefore, in this study, the investigators will study this process at the example of epigenetic programming of primary human immune cells with the micronutrient vitamin D3. They will use the approach to follow a small but sufficient number of healthy adult volunteers (based on power calculation of self-controlled longitudinal studies) individually over time while measuring per individual a large number of molecular and dynamic parameters that will be used for mechanistic modeling, instead of investigating only few parameters from a large number of participants for statistical modeling. The main hypothesis of the investigators is that nutritional components, such as vitamin D3, have a direct effect on the epigenome of the different cell types of the immune system. Using complementary in vivo, in vitro and in silico approaches, they will investigate the mechanistic basis of this dietary epigenetic programming process and how it creates memory.
As we age, we lose muscle strength and power, a condition commonly referred to as sarcopenia (ICD-10-CM code (M62.84)). The prevalence of sarcopenia is about 5-10% of the elderly population, resulting in varying degrees of disability. In this review we emphasise that sarcopenia does not occur suddenly. It is an aging-induced deterioration that occurs over time and is only recognised as a disease when it manifests clinically in the 6th-7th decade of life. Evidence from animal studies, elite athletes and longitudinal population studies all confirms that the underlying process has been ongoing for decades once sarcopenia has manifested. We present hypotheses about the mechanism(s) underlying this process and their supporting evidence. We briefly review various proposals to impede sarcopenia, including cell therapy, reducing senescent cells and their secretome, utilising targets revealed by the skeletal muscle secretome, and muscle innervation. We conclude that although there are potential candidates and ongoing preclinical and clinical trials with drug treatments, the only evidence-based intervention today for humans is exercise. We present different exercise programmes and discuss to what extent the interindividual susceptibility to developing sarcopenia is due to our genetic predisposition or lifestyle factors.
Point mutations of the NADP + -dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1 and IDH2) occur early in the pathogenesis of gliomas. When mutated, IDH1 and IDH2 gain the ability to produce the metabolite (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), but the downstream effects of mutant IDH1 and IDH2 proteins or of 2HG on cellular metabolism are unknown. Here, we profiled >200 metabolites in human oligodendroglioma cell line (HOG) cells to determine the effects of expression of IDH1 and IDH2 mutants. Levels of amino acids, glutathione metabolites, choline derivatives, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates were altered in both mutant IDH1- and IDH2-expressing cells. These changes were similar to those identified after treatment of the cells with 2HG. Remarkably, N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), a common dipeptide in brain, was 50-fold reduced in cells expressing IDH1 mutants and 8.3-fold reduced in cells expressing IDH2 mutants. NAAG was also significantly lower in human glioma tissues containing IDH mutations than in gliomas without such mutations.
Hyperuricemia is prevalent globally and potentially linked to environmental pollution. As a typical persistent organic pollutant, phenanthrene (Phe) poses threats to human health through biomagnification. Although studies have reported Phe-induced toxicities to multiple organs, its impact on uric acid (UA) metabolism remains unclear. In this study, data mining on NHANES 2001-2016 indicated a positive correlation between Phe exposure and the occurrence of hyperuricemia in population. Subsequently, adolescent Balb/c male mice were orally exposed to Phe at a dosage of 10 mg/kg bw every second day for 7 weeks, resulting in dysfunction of intestinal UA excretion and disruption of the intestinal barrier. Utilizing intestinal organoids, 16S rRNA sequencing of gut microbiota, and targeted metabolomic analysis, we further revealed that an imbalance in bile acid metabolism derived from gut microbiota might mediate the intestinal barrier damage. Additionally, the tea extract theabrownin (TB) effectively improved Phe-induced hyperuricemia and intestinal dysfunction at a dose of 320 mg/kg bw per day. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Phe exposure is positively associated with hyperuricemia and intestinal damage, which provides new insights into the toxic effects induced by Phe. Furthermore, the present study proposes that supplementation with TB would be a healthy and effective improvement strategy for patients with hyperuricemia and intestinal injury caused by environmental factors.
OBJECTIVE: Study of the association between smoking and pain intensity has produced conflicting results; with less focus on pain interference. Different pain constructs could have varying associations with smoking behaviors. This study sought to investigate the association between smoking history and not only pain intensity, but also pain interference, symptom distribution and physical function.
METHODS: Smoking history (current, past, or none), pain interference (Pain, Enjoyment of Life, and General Activity scale), symptom distribution and physical function scores were extracted from medical records of patients seen in physical therapy for common sites of musculoskeletal pain (lumbar and cervical spine, knee, or hip). Generalized linear models assessed the relationship between smoking history and pain/function.
RESULTS: 833 patients from an integrated healthcare system were included (mean: 57.6 years, SD=16.3; 43 % male). After controlling for several variables, current smokers had significantly higher baseline pain interference scores compared to never and former smokers (beta [B]: 0.65, 95 %CI: 0.13 to 1.18, P=.02). Smoking was not a significant predictor of symptom distribution at baseline [B: 0.17, 95 %CI -0.06 to 0.42, P=.16] or physical function scores at discharge [B: -0.03, 95 %CI: -0.08 to 0.02, P=.25].
CONCLUSION: Smokers experienced a greater impact of pain at baseline. However, symptom distribution at intake and function upon discharge were similar between all smoking groups. These findings suggest smoking cessation and abstinence may be important recommendations to help curb pain interference.
Samples of tumor and normal tissue are obtained from CALGB 8896 patients. The samples are tested for somatic mutations and tumor replication error (RER) tumor status. Patients do not receive the results of the genetic testing and the results do not influence the type or duration of treatment.