anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Purpose: Preventative strategies and surgical treatments for urolithiasis depend on stone composition. However, stone composition is often unknown until the stone is passed or surgically managed. Given that stone composition likely reflects the physiological parameters during its formation, we used clinical data from stone formers to predict stone composition. Materials and Methods: Data on stone composition, 24-hour urine, serum biochemistry, patient demographics, and medical history were prospectively collected from 777 kidney stone patients. Data were used to train gradient boosted machine and logistic regression models to distinguish calcium vs noncalcium, calcium oxalate monohydrate vs dihydrate, and calcium oxalate vs calcium phosphate vs uric acid stone types. Model performance was evaluated using the kappa score, and the influence of each predictor variable was assessed. Results: The calcium vs noncalcium model differentiated stone types with a kappa of 0.5231. The most influential predictors were 24-hour urine calcium, blood urate, and phosphate. The calcium oxalate monohydrate vs dihydrate model is the first of its kind and could discriminate stone types with a kappa of 0.2042. The key predictors were 24-hour urine urea, calcium, and oxalate. The multiclass model had a kappa of 0.3023 and the top predictors were age and 24-hour urine calcium and creatinine. Conclusions: Clinical data can be leveraged with machine learning algorithms to predict stone composition, which may help urologists determine stone type and guide their management plan before stone treatment. Investigating the most influential predictors of each classifier may improve the understanding of key clinical features of urolithiasis and shed light on pathophysiology.
Subjects who have tested negative for the presence of SARS-COV-2 viral antigen using a rapid test or LAMP/PCR-based molecular nasal pharyngeal self-swab or a swab administered in a clinical setting by a trained clinician. PCR-based testing occurs in an advanced laboratory.
Obesity is a chronic devastating disease and is becoming a major health and socioeconomic issue worldwide. Obesity significantly exacerbates many other chronic illnesses and increases mortality and morbidities of patients.1-2 Although the situation in Asians is less apparent and critical than in Caucasians, the problem is emerging rapidly. In Hong Kong, there are approximately 29% of adults classified as obese according WHO Asian criteria 3 and there is an increasing demand for obesity treatment in Asia-Pacific region.4 The first practical aim of treating obesity nowadays should focus on a sustained body weight loss of 10-15% to alleviate obesity-related illnesses such as hypertension, diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea.

Intragastric balloon (IGB) was initially developed from observing the effects naturally caused by bezoars and the first documentation in human use was reported in 1982.5 However, earlier balloon designs were plagued by high balloon failure rates and serious complications.6-8 Since then, balloon design has undergone several major modifications in terms of material, shape and filling substances. The newer design of balloon (Bioenterics® Intragastric Balloon (BIB®) system) was introduced in 1999 9 and has undergone extensive evaluation recently in Europe with promising results.10-11 It is placed inside the stomach endoscopically for a maximum of 180 days to decrease stomach capacity and gastric emptying. It facilitates patient's compliance to the restricted diet prescribed and together with increasing level of physical activities, most reports have shown moderate body weight loss of 15 % or more.10--12 More importantly, the newer design balloon (BIB) is more reliable and predictable. The reported premature balloon rupture and serious complication is rare if it is removed within the recommended period and followed up carefully by a dedicated obesity team in a multidisciplinary approach.10-12 Sibutramine (Reductil®) is a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor and is one of the FDA approved weight reduction pharmacotherapy. Its central action on neurotransmitters causes an enhancement of satiety (fullness) after eating. In addition, it causes sympathetically mediated thermogenesis, which prevent the reduction in basal metabolic rate (BMR) normally seen in individual on restricted diet and thereby effectively increases resting energy consumption and promotes weight loss. A combination of sibutramine and lifestyle modification program has been shown up to 10 % of body weight loss while intragastric balloon and sibutramine are the two most commonly used non-surgical method for weight reduction. There is lack of randomized controlled trial in comparing these two methods in the treatment of obesity. Since these two types of therapy are most efficient in non-morbid obese patients, we are designing a trial to compare the effect of the two different weight reduction therapies in this group of patients in a double-blind manner.
Part B Cohort 4,5,6 involved healthy participants and was comprised of one period. Single dose of PBO given PO in Period 1.
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has emerged as the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Several pathological hallmarks have been identified, including neuroinflammation. A comprehensive insight into the underlying mechanisms that can fuel the development of novel therapeutic approaches is necessary because of the alarmingly rapid increase in the frequency of incidence. Recently, NLRP3 inflammasome was identified as a critical mediator of neuroinflammation. Activation of nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles, impaired autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress, triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. Subsequently, these cytokines can promote neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. It is well established that genetic or pharmacological ablation of NLRP3 alleviates AD-related pathological features in in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, several synthetic and natural compounds have been identified that exhibit the potential to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome and alleviate AD-associated pathology. The current review article will highlight the various mechanisms by which activation of NLRP3 inflammation occurs during Alzheimer's disease, and how it influences neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Moreover, we will summarise the different small molecules that possess the potential to inhibit NLRP3 and can pave the path for developing novel therapeutic interventions for AD.
PURPOSE: An antibacterial composition containing a light-irradiated material of a Ficus carica L. extract or a fraction thereof is provided to reduce side effects using natural plants and to show antibacterial activity, thereby being used in a pharmaceutical product, a cleansing agent, or a cosmetic material. CONSTITUTION: An antibacterial composition contains a light-irradiating material of a Ficus carica L. extract or a fraction thereof as an active ingredient. An antibacterial pharmaceutical composition contains the light-irradiated material as an active ingredient. An antibacterial cleansing composition contains the light-irradiated material as an active ingredient. A cosmetic composition contains the light-irradiated material as an active ingredient. The extract or the fraction is irradiated by light at 2000-18000 lux for 1-24 hours.
Functional connectivity patterns in the human brain, like the friction ridges of a fingerprint, can uniquely identify individuals. Does this "brain fingerprint" remain distinct even during Alzheimer's disease (AD)? Using fMRI data from healthy and pathologically ageing subjects, we find that individual functional connectivity profiles remain unique and highly heterogeneous during mild cognitive impairment and AD. However, the patterns that make individuals identifiable change with disease progression, revealing a reconfiguration of the brain fingerprint. Notably, connectivity shifts towards functional system connections in AD and lower-order cognitive functions in early disease stages. These findings emphasize the importance of focusing on individual variability rather than group differences in AD studies. Individual functional connectomes could be instrumental in creating personalized models of AD progression, predicting disease course, and optimizing treatments, paving the way for personalized medicine in AD management.
This is an 8 week, arts-based session that includes educational \& experiential components. Topics include: Introduction to Arts \& Health; Music, Well-Being, \& Resilience; Movement \& Physical Activity; Art \& Well-Being; Writing \& Communication/Self-Expression; Theater \& Socialization; Art Appreciation \& a Healthy Brain; \& Summary/Integration of the Arts into Daily Lives.
Use in Uncomplicated Hypertensive Patients: In patients with essential hypertension, the recommended initial dose is 4 mg once a day. The dose may be titrated, as needed to a maximum of 16 mg per day. The usual maintenance dose range is 4 mg to 8 mg administered as a single daily dose or in two divided doses.

Use in Elderly Patients: The recommended initial daily dosage of ACEON for the elderly is 4 mg daily, given in one or two divided doses. Experience with ACEON is limited in the elderly at doses exceeding 8 mg. Dosages above 8 mg should be administered with careful blood pressure monitoring and dose titration [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)].

Use with Diuretics: In patients who are currently being treated with a diuretic, symptomatic hypotension can occur following the initial dose of ACEON. Consider reducing the dose of diuretic prior to starting ACEON [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
The "Post-TKA Care Navigator" proof of concept intervention will be implemented as a randomized controlled trial. The investigators aim to identify and enroll a cohort of up to 300 subjects who have decided to undergo total knee replacement (TKA) at BWH. Subjects will be patients of the five orthopedic surgeons at Brigham and Women's Hospital who perform the most TKAs: Drs. Wright, Brick, Ready, Martin and Thornhill. Subjects will be followed from about two weeks prior to the operation to six months after discharge.

The investigators will assign patients into two groups, at random: 1) receiving current standard of post-operative care and 2) adding "Post-TKA Care Navigator". The role of the Care Navigator will be to follow up with patients via frequent telephone conversations, ranging from weekly during the first month to bi-weekly for the next 6 weeks to monthly by the 14th week post op. subjects assigned to the care navigator will receive up to 10 telephone calls over a period of 5 months. The goal of the Care Navigator would be to ensure or encourage compliance with physical therapy, triage patient concerns, questions and complaints, and identify those patients that require a call from a clinician to address a problem in the recovery process. For those issues that can be resolved easily at home the navigator would suggest strategies. The value of the post-TKA Care Navigator will be assessed by comparing functional status, satisfaction with surgery, utilization of health care, adherence to physical therapy, range of knee motion and intervention costs across the two randomized groups.
Participants complete a Current Medical Conditions Form, the CogState web-based cognitive assessment, and a Self-Report Questionnaire administration over 45-60 minutes containing measures of work ability and other work-related measures, cognitive, physical, and psychosocial symptoms, and characteristics of workplace environment. Self-report measures of individual and family characteristics, resources, and demands are also included.
The MASTER study is a phase IV, randomized, open label, cross-over, intervention study. Study subjects who are on stable abacavir-containing regimen will be randomized into two arms. In arm A maraviroc will be added to their regimen at baseline, while study subjects in arm B will continue their abacavir-containing regimen. After 8 weeks, cross-over of the study arms will be performed. Subjects in arm A will then stop maraviroc, while in subjects in arm B maraviroc will be added to their regimen (for 8 weeks again). The total duration of the study will be 16 weeks.
All participants will be assigned to a single intervention arm. The intervention includes weekly delivery of type 2 diabetes-appropriate food boxes that include diabetes self-management education materials.
The first case was a 75-year-old woman with intermittent sensory impairment of the left hand. FLAIR of the head MRI revealed hyperintensity along the pia mater in the right parieto-temporal lobe with few microbleeds. Our second case was a 78-year-old man who presented with motor aphasia. His MRI showed swollen cortex on FLAIR and cortical hemosiderosis on T2* weighted imaging of the right cerebral hemisphere. Pathological findings indicated the first case as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)-related inflammation and the second case as CAA. Additionally, after brain biopsy, widespread white matter lesions were detected in the area surrounding the biopsy site. However, both patients showed improvement without immunotherapy. Therefore, it is important to consider whether immunotherapy is required when white matter lesions appear in the area surrounding the biopsy site.
This is a first-in-human, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, ascending single oral dose study. NCO-48 Fumarate will be assessed in healthy subjects (6 groups of 8 subjects each). Subjects will receive a single oral dose of NCO-48 Fumarate or placebo capsules in 1 or 2 periods, depending on the dose group, under fasting conditions (unless otherwise indicated) and will be followed for a 1-week observation period. Safety assessments will be performed and NCO-48 Fumarate and TFV PK will be assessed. The planned doses for this study are 2, 10, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg. Each group of 8 subjects (Groups 1 to 6) will be randomized in a 3:1 ratio to receive either NCO-48 Fumarate or placebo (6 subjects to receive active drug and 2 subjects to receive placebo) as a single dose on Day 1 of Period 1 in the fasted state. A preliminary assessment of food effect will be conducted in Group 3. Subjects in Group 3 will receive study drug in Period 1 under fasted conditions and return after a minimum of 14 days to receive study drug under fed conditions. There will be a Screening Period of up to 30 days. All subjects (Periods 1 and 2) will be observed through the morning of Day 3 (48-hour post-dose assessment). Safety assessments and NCO-48 Fumarate and TFV PK sample collection (blood and urine) will occur during this time. Subjects will be discharged from the study site after the 48 hour assessments and return to the study site on Days 5 and 7 (final visit) for follow-up procedures. After the Day 7 follow-up procedures for each group, evaluation of all safety and tolerability data collected during the period, and evaluation of any available PK data, the dose for the next group of subjects will be determined by the Safety Monitoring Panel (SMP).
All tests and exercises are pain free, easy to perform, non-intrusive, and not high demanding. Subjects will have to undergo an assessment via a movement protocol as well as clinical outcome tests. In both cases the type of assessment does not differ from the normal assessment at a rehabilitation centre. The training is assisted using a robotic device called the Haptic Master (HM). The participant's arm is attached to the HM via a gimbal. The HM has a number of safety features to avoid overload on the participant's arm. Any potential risk for overload is minimised by a) careful build-up of the training regime; b) regular check-ups; and c) checking the participant's status prior to the next training session.
Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are chronic conditions with significant personal, societal, and economic impacts. Expanding on existing trial evidence, the NHS piloted a 52-week low-calorie diet programme for T2DM, delivered by private providers using total diet replacement products and behaviour change support. This study aimed to determine the extent to which providers and coaches adhered to the service specification outlined by NHS England. An observational qualitative study was conducted to examine the delivery of both one-to-one and group-based delivery of programme sessions. Observations of 122 sessions across eight programme delivery samples and two service providers were completed. Adherence to the service specification was stronger for those outcomes that were easily measurable, such as weight and blood glucose, while less tangible elements of the specification, such as empowering service users, and person-centred delivery were less consistently observed. One-to-one sessions were more successful in their person-centred delivery, and the skills of the coaches delivering the sessions had a strong impact on adherence to the specification. Overall, the results show that there was variability by provider and delivery mode in the extent to which sessions of the NHS Low-Calorie Diet Programme reflected the intended service specification. In subsequent programmes it is recommended that one-to-one sessions are used, with accompanying peer support, and that providers improve standardised training and quality assurance to ensure specification adherence.
O - Desacetyl - O - carbamoyl - 7 - acylamino-cephalosporanic acids have the formula <FORM:1073828/C2/1> wherein the acyl is a carboxylic acid radical whose CO group is bonded to a carbon atom and R1 is acyl or an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbon radical.  They are prepared by reacting O - desacetyl - 7 - aminocephahlosporanic acid, whose 7-amino group is substituted by (a) a carboxylic acid radical whose Co group is bonded to a carbon atom or (b) an eliminable radical which is not acyl, with an isocyanic acid ester of formula R1-N = C = O wherein R1 has the meaning above. Radicals (b) are t-butyloxycarbonyl, trityl and carbobenzoxy and may be substituted with nitrohalogen or alkoxy.  After the main reaction, the eliminable radical is removed by hydrolysis or hydrogenolysis and the resulting compound with a free 7-amino group is acylated.  The compounds may be converted to therapeutically active salts e.g. alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and organic base salts.  They may be used medicinally, as additive to animal feed, in preservation of foodstuffs and as a disinfectant.  A pharmaceutical composition for oral parenteral or topical use comprises a carrier and an O - desacetyl - O - carbamoyl - 7 - acylamino cephalosporanic acid of Formula I, or a salt thereof.
Lapatinib starting oral dose of 500 mg daily for 21 day cycle. Sirolimus starting oral dose 1 mg daily.
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that over 200,000 children every year are admitted to emergency rooms due to playground related injuries sustained at school. The National Association for Playground Safety recommends not only improving surface materials and equipment, but also improving adult supervision of children while at play. Yet, there are limited empirical studies in the literature that have examined the impact of a comprehensive training program to improve playground safety by improving supervisor knowledge and attitudes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a comprehensive, stand-alone interactive multimedia computer-based training program for elementary school faculty to implement a school-wide behavior management program for playground environments. To do this, a randomized control trial comparing the experiences of playground supervisors, students, and staff from schools of a large urban school district was carried out. School was both the unit of randomization and the unit of analysis. The comparisons were measured by pre, post and follow-up assessments conducted by the investigators. Results suggest significant positive differences due to treatment in knowledge, beliefs and attitudes for playground supervisors, students, and staff.
A cold plasma hand/object sanitizer to safely and effectively deliver plasma vapor for a variety of applications, including the sanitation of hands and objects. The device uses can be powered directly from any standard plug or can be battery-powered for portable applications. Low-cost and proven electronics can provide all device functions. The feeding gas is ambient air from the local environment but can also include seed gases if desired. The liquid used by the device can be water from any source but alternative liquids and additives can be used as desired. The use of room temperature plasma vapor technology could revolutionize surface and hand/object sanitation and could also be considered for the many promising applications for cold atmospheric plasmas.
After a 1 week baseline, volunteers will consume two packets of grape powder stirred into water for three weeks. Each packet will contain the equivalent of approximately 2 servings of fresh grapes (46 grams of powder). Following a two week washout period, volunteers will cross-over to a placebo powder.
A class of quinolinic sulfide derivatives of formula I are potent and specific antagonists at the strychnine insensitive glycine bitding site on the NMDA receptor complex with an pharmacological advantageous profile. They may be useful in treatment or prevention of neuro-degenerative disorders. Particularly, the compounds included in the present invention are especially useful for minimizing damage of the central nervous system arising as a consequence of ischemic or hypoxic condition such as stroke, hypoglycemia, cerebral ischemia, cardiac arrest, and physical trauma. They are also useful in prevention of chronic neurodegenerative disorders including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinsonism. By virtue of their NMDA receptor antagonist properties, the present compounds may also use as anticonvulsant, analgesic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, and antischizophrenic agent. Formula I wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R are defined in specification.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a spray product for preventing influenza virus infection.  <P>SOLUTION: The spray product for preventing influenza virus infection is obtained by filling (1) an antiviral solution and (2) a propellant in a spray can. Here, the antiviral solution is an aqueous solution or a water-alcohol solution containing a mixture comprising hinokitiol and zinc chloride in an amount corresponding to 0.4-0.6 molar equivalent of hinokitiol, provided that the water-alcohol solution has an alcohol content of 10-60%, and the amount of the mixture contained in the solution is 0.001-1 mass% based on the mass of the antiviral solution. The volume ratio of the antiviral solution to the propellant is within the range of from 30:70 to 50:50. The spray can is equipped with a spraying means continuously sprayable and is made of aluminum or is made of tin with an anticorrosive resin coating provided on an inner surface of the can.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT