anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
This is a non-randomized (the study drug is not assigned by chance), single arm, multicenter (when more than one hospital or medical school team work on a medical research study) 6-month study. Participants can be transitioned to an effective dose of paliperidone ER from any oral antipsychotic medication due to lack of efficacy, lack of tolerability or safety, lack of compliance or other reason. A transition period of maximum 4 weeks will be allowed. Throughout the study, participants will receive flexible dose of 3 to 12 milligram (mg) of paliperidone once daily orally for 6 months. Adjustment of the dosage will be done at Investigator's discretion, based on the individual participant's clinical response and tolerability of the study drug dosages. Participants who complete this 6-month study and would like to continue will be eligible to be enrolled in an extension phase until paliperidone ER is available. The starting dose of the extension phase will be the same as at the end of the 6-month study and may be changed throughout the extension period. The extension phase will consist of a main extension phase (ending with an End of Main Extension Phase Visit) and a modified extension phase (ending with an End of Study Visit). Efficacy will primarily be evaluated by positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Safety will primarily be evaluated by Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS).
A method of enhancing detection for a specific object in a body. A nanoparticulate is administered to the body for location in an area to be explored for detection of the object, if present. The nanoparticulate is at least partially metallic, has a formed non-spherical shape having a minimal characteristic dimension in the range from about 1 to about 3000 nanometers, and has a formed composition capable of producing thermal pressure either in the nanoparticulate or in the object greater than the object could produce in the absence of the nanoparticulate. Electromagnetic radiation is directed into the body. The electromagnetic radiation has a specific wavelength or spectrum of wavelengths in the range from 300 nm to 300 mm selected so that the wavelength or wavelength spectrum is longer by a factor of at least 3 than the minimum characteristic dimension of the nanoparticulate. The nanoparticulate absorbs the electromagnetic radiation more than would one or more non-aggregated spherically shaped particles of the same total volume with a composition identical to the nanoparticulate. The nanoparticulate produces an enhanced optoacoustic signal resulting from the absorption that is received and converted into an electronic signal and presented for assessment of the at least one parameter by a human or a machine.
A pharmaceutical composition comprising about 1 wt. % to about 80 wt. % of an ACE inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, about 1 wt. % to about 70 wt. % of an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate, and about 1 wt. % to about 80 wt. % of hydroxypropyl cellulose, wherein the weight percents are based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is stable, and the formation of an internal cyclization product, and/or ester hydrolysis product, and/or oxidation product within the composition, has been reduced or eliminated. The ACE inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of quinapril, enalapril, spirapril, ramipril, perindopril, indolapril, lisinopril, alacepril, trandolapril, benazapril, libenzapril, delapril, cilazapril and combinations thereof. Advantageously, the stabilized pharmaceutical compositions of the invention preserve the ACE inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof present in the compositions from degradation.
This paper proposes an information-theoretic measure for discriminating epileptic patterns in short-term electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Considering nonlinearity and nonstationarity in EEG signals, quantifying complexity has been preferred. To decipher abnormal epileptic EEGs, i.e., ictal and interictal EEGs, via short-term EEG recordings, a distribution entropy (DE) is used, motivated by its robustness on the signal length. In addition, to reflect the dynamic complexity inherent in EEGs, a multiscale entropy analysis is incorporated. Here, two multiscale distribution entropy (MDE) methods using the coarse-graining and moving-average procedures are presented. Using two popular epileptic EEG datasets, i.e., the Bonn and the Bern-Barcelona datasets, the performance of the proposed MDEs is verified. Experimental results show that the proposed MDEs are robust to the length of EEGs, thus reflecting complexity over multiple time scales. In addition, the proposed MDEs are consistent irrespective of the selection of short-term EEGs from the entire EEG recording. By evaluating the Man-Whitney U test and classification performance, the proposed MDEs can better discriminate epileptic EEGs than the existing methods. Moreover, the proposed MDE with the moving-average procedure performs marginally better than one with the coarse-graining. The experimental results suggest that the proposed MDEs are applicable to practical seizure detection applications.
OBJECTIVE: YWHAG variant alleles have been associated with a rare disease trait whose clinical synopsis includes an early onset epileptic encephalopathy with predominantly myoclonic seizures, developmental delay/intellectual disability, and facial dysmorphisms. Through description of a large cohort, which doubles the number of reported patients, we further delineate the spectrum of YWHAG-related epilepsy.
METHODS: We included in this study 24 patients, 21 new and three previously described, with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in YWHAG. We extended the analysis of clinical, electroencephalographic, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and molecular genetic information to 24 previously published patients.
RESULTS: The phenotypic spectrum of YWHAG-related disorders ranges from mild developmental delay to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). Epilepsy onset is in the first 2 years of life. Seizure freedom can be achieved in half of the patients (13/24, 54%). Intellectual disability (23/24, 96%), behavioral disorders (18/24, 75%), neurological signs (13/24, 54%), and dysmorphisms (6/24, 25%) are common. A genotype-phenotype correlation emerged, as DEE is more represented in patients with missense variants located in the ligand-binding domain than in those with truncating or missense variants in other domains (90% vs. 19%, p < .001).
SIGNIFICANCE: This study suggests that pathogenic YWHAG variants cause a wide range of clinical presentations with variable severity, ranging from mild developmental delay to DEE. In this allelic series, a genotype-phenotype correlation begins to emerge, potentially providing prognostic information for clinical management and genetic counseling.
Although ART has reduced the morbidity and mortality from HIV-1 infection, most individuals who stop ART experience rapid viral rebound. Effective ART can suppress viral load to less than 50 copies/ml; however, current treatment regimens cannot completely eliminate the infection. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the ability of the HIV-1 integrase inhibitor, raltegravir, to reduce viral load when added to ART regimens of HIV-1 infected patients who have achieved viral suppression to less than 50 copies/ml.

The study lasted 24 weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two arms. Participants in Arm A were administered raltegravir in addition to their usual ART regimen from study entry until Week 12. At Week 12, subjects halted raltegravir use and received a placebo until Week 24. Participants in Arm B were administered the placebo in addition to their usual ART regimen from study entry until Week 12. At Week 12, subjects halted the placebo and received raltegravir until Week 24. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) single copy assay (SCA) capable of detecting 1 copy of HIV RNA was used to assay viral load. The cross-over design allowed assessment of the effect of intensification with raltegravir between the two arms at Weeks 10/12 and every participant enrolled in the study receiving raltegravir for 12 weeks. Primary analysis focused on weeks 10/12 measurement and with no washout period, typical analysis of cross-over design was not intended.

All participants had scheduled visits at Weeks 0, 2, 4, 10, 12, 14, 16, 22, and 24. A targeted physical exam occurred at all visits. Blood and urine collection occurred at selected visits. A medical/medication assessment occurred at trial entry. Drug dispensing and an adherence questionnaire occurred at some visits. A pregnancy test occurred at select visits. Participants' background ART medications were not provided by the study.
Methods and devices for effectively treating aphthous ulcers are disclosed. The invention employs the removal of the plaque layer of the aphthous ulcer to accelerate healing. Before the plaque layer is removed, the ulcer may be initially anesthetized, by rubbing with an appropriate material and/or compound. Subsequently, an appropriate medicament may be applied to accelerate healing, if desired. The invention teaches the structure and use of applicator/dispenser system employing easily crushable ampoules, containing an aesthetic, and other appropriate medicaments. The invention further teaches the application of slippery surfaces to teeth, teeth appliances, and oral cavity surfaces to inhibit the generation of aphthous ulcers, and to speed their healing. The application, in the form a gel or film, may include a sustained release medicament. Finally, the invention contemplates the use of replaceable and disposable tips for power toothbrushes and the like to aid the treatment of the aphthous ulcers, and the use of dendrimer technology to provide sustained and concentrated local drug action.
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a non-physiological bone formation where soft tissue progenitor cells differentiate into chondrogenic cells. In fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare genetic disease characterized by progressive and systemic HO, the Activin A/mutated ACVR1/mTORC1 cascade induces HO in progenitors in muscle tissues. The relevant biological processes aberrantly regulated by activated mTORC1 remain unclear, however. RNA-sequencing analyses revealed the enrichment of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during Activin A-induced chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells derived from FOP patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. Functional analyses showed a metabolic transition from glycolysis to OXPHOS during chondrogenesis, along with increased mitochondrial biogenesis. mTORC1 inhibition by rapamycin suppressed OXPHOS, whereas OXPHOS inhibitor IACS-010759 inhibited cartilage matrix formation in vitro, indicating that OXPHOS is principally involved in mTORC1-induced chondrogenesis. Furthermore, IACS-010759 inhibited the muscle injury-induced enrichment of fibro/adipogenic progenitor genes and HO in transgenic mice carrying the mutated human ACVR1. These data indicated that OXPHOS is a critical downstream mediator of mTORC1 signaling in chondrogenesis and therefore is a potential FOP therapeutic target.
Electroprocessed polymers are used to form specifically-shaped shoes, clothing or other related garments. A mandrel having a preselected shape is used as the target in the electroprocessing step. The resulting product has a polymer matrix of exactly the shape of the mandrel. In practice, a person's foot or other body part is used to create the predetermined shape. The polymer may include a material that changes color in response to stretch and compression. That material may include a polyurethane containing polydiacetylene segments. The matrix may further comprise piezoelectric material. In a further alternative embodiment, the invention includes method of making manufactured leather comprising electroprocessing a matrix of collagen. That method may further include the step of treating the collagen matrix with a crosslinking agent.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Controversy persists regarding the treatment of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), thereby highlighting the demand for safer more effective therapeutic drugs. Although supplementary treatment using Yi-Shen-Hua-Shi (YSHS) granules has distinct advantages with respect to improving renal function in IgAN, a lack of clarity regarding the underlying mechanisms limits their clinical application.
AIM OF THE STUDY: In this study, we aimed to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms underlying the efficacy of YSHS granules in the treatment of IgAN.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A rat model of IgAN was established based on lipopolysaccharide, carbon tetrachloride, and bovine serum albumin induction. In order to evaluate the effects of YSHS granules, we performed a range of techniques, including immunofluorescence assays, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and flow cytometry, to assess inflammation, immunity, and other relevant factors. Direct data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) analysis and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) were used for functional characterization and quantitative validation of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and Western blot analysis is used to identify downstream proteins associated with DEPs.
RESULTS: Compared with the model group, the levels of proteinuria, urine red blood cells, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and pathological kidney damage were reduced in the YSHS group. A high dose of YSHS granules was found to raise the levels of CD8 T cells and reduce the CD4/CD8 ratio in the peripheral serum. To examine the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects YSHS granules, we performed direct DIA-MS analysis to identify proteins that were differentially expressed among the model, YSHS, and control groups. A total of 29 proteins were identified as being commonly expressed in all three groups. Further KEGG and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that YSHS granules can contribute to the regulation of N-glycosylation-associated proteins, such as ALG3 and STT3A, in rats with IgAN. Detected changes in the expression of ALG3 and STT3A were consistent with the PRM results. We also established that the administration of YSHS granules can contribute to regulation of the ALG3-associated PPAR-γ/NF-κB signaling pathway.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in this study provide evidence to indicate the efficacy of YSHS granules in the treatment of IgAN, the putative underlying mechanisms of which involve the modulation of N-glycosylation, mediated via the PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by inflammatory activity with distinct rhythmic fluctuations. However, the precise mechanisms governing these inflammatory rhythms remain elusive. Here, we explore the interaction between dietary patterns, gut microbiota diurnal oscillations, and the rhythmicity of RA in both collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice and patients with RA and highlight the significance of dietary timing in modulating RA inflammatory rhythms linked to gut microbiota. Specifically, we discovered that Parabacteroides distasonis (P. distasonis) uses β-glucosidase (β-GC) to release glycitein (GLY) from the diet in response to daily nutritional cues, influencing RA inflammatory rhythms dependent on the sirtuin 5-nuclear factor-κB (SIRT5-NF-κB) axis. Notably, we validated the daily fluctuations of P. distasonis-β-GC-GLY in patients with RA through continuous sampling across day-night cycles. These findings underscore the crucial role of dietary timing in RA rhythmicity and propose potential clinical implications for novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate arthritis.
Purpose: Manual therapy is used as a conservative treatment for people with low back pain (LBP). The scale of the problem encourages the search for the most effective methods to assess of manual treatment. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate magnitude of changes in muscle endurance using the Biering-Sorensen test (BST) and to analyse balance in patients with LBP treated with ERS and FRS muscle energy techniques (MET). Methods: The study included fifteen men with LBP (mean age: 42 years) working as automotive assemblers. Endurance of the biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GM) and erector spinae (ES) muscles were analysed using sEMG during the BST. The level of experienced pain, degree of disability and postural stability were also examined. Results before and after a three-week treatment cycle using MET were compared. Results: The MET therapy resulted in a reduction in pain ( p = 0.001), an improvement in the degree of disability ( p < 0.001) and an increase in the duration of the BST ( p < 0.001). After therapy, the values of the NMFs parameter indicating the degree of fatigue increased, i.e., ES muscle endurance increased, both right ( p = 0.004) and left ( p < 0.001). There was also a statistically significant decrease in the centre of pressure (COP) movement velocity in balance tests. Conclusions: The use of MET in patients with LBP increases muscle endurance, improves postural balance, and reduces pain levels on the VAS and disability levels according to the ODI. MET appears to be a good tool for preventing LBP.
Subjects in this arm will receive TIV by standard 10%/90% 2-step graded challenge split of the age appropriate dose, separated by 30 minutes. For children receiving a 0.25ml dose, a 20%/80% split will be used for ease of administration in drawing up the dose.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is a disease of the adrenal cortex characterized by cortisol deficiency with or without aldosterone deficiency, and androgen excess. The severe or classic form occurs in 1 in 15,000 births worldwide, while the mild non-classic form is a common cause of hyperandrogenism. The discovery of glucocorticoid therapy as a treatment for CAH occurred in the 1950's resulting in patients with classic CAH surviving to live a normal lifespan. However, existing treatment is suboptimal and many unresolved clinical problems exist. Standard hormone replacement often fails to normalize the growth and development of children with CAH, and adults may experience iatrogenic Cushing syndrome, hyperandrogenism, infertility or the development of the metabolic syndrome. Chronocort, a newly-developed formulation of hydrocortisone, results in a slow release of hydrocortisone that is designed to mimic the normal cortisol circadian rhythm. This new medical strategy, physiologic cortisol replacement, offers the prospect of an improved outcome of treatment. Chronocort has been safely given to healthy adult males in pharmacokinetic studies. This first ever study in patients with CAH is a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study comparing Chronocort to Cortef, the conventional immediate-release form of hydrocortisone.
PURPOSE:An endermic absorption preparation having highly hydrous properties, capable of swelling keratin layer of the skin and controlling pharmaceutically active substance, comprising hydrous gel of PVA containing a pharmaceutically active substance, optionally an absorption auxiliary, and a tackifier. CONSTITUTION:Hydrous gel of PVA containing a pharmaceutically active sub stance or the pharmaceutically active substance, its absorption auxiliary (e.g., alcohol, ester, etc.) and a tackifier (e.g., PVA with low degree of saponification, gelatin, starch, etc.) is used as a base, to given an endermic absorption prepara tion having improved endermic absorption. The hydrous gel of PVA, for exam ple, can be obtained by freezing an aqueous solution of PVA containing the pharmaceutically active substance, auxiliary, etc., at a temperature <= the ice point, separating the gel into an ice phase and a PVA high polymer phase, and crystallizing the high polymer phase at >= the ice point. The hydrous gel uses neither a crosslinking agent nor a catalyst, etc., and is safe to organisms. Absorption ratio can also be controlled by adjusting PVA concentration, etc.
Germinal gland hormones are isolated from extracts containing them by treating said extracts with acylating agents under anhydrous conditions, separating the esterified products from the non-esterified parts by physical methods, saponifying the purified esters and isolating the hormones.  The process is applied particularly to the purification of male hormone and to the separation of mixtures of various hormones and like substances such as pregnandiol.  The physical methods used for isolating the esterified hormones include fractional crystallization from dilute alcohol or dilute acetone, fractional distillation in very high vacuum, and extraction with pure organic solvents such as alcohol, ethyl acetate or acetone.  Acylating agents referred to are acetic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, p-toluene sulphonic acid chloride, anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid chloride and salicylic acid chloride. When acid chlorides are used the reaction may take place in presence of an agent such as pyridin serving to combine with the hydrochloric acid produced.  The hormone-containing extracts employed may be prepared from urine or from organs, and may be crude or may have been pre-treated by known purifying processes.  According to examples: (1) an extract from male urine is treated with toluene sulphochloride in solution in toluene containing also pyridin, the precipitated pyridin hydrochloride is removed and the esterified products separated and saponified; (2) an extract from the urine of pregnant women is acylated as in (1) and a fraction obtained by distillation is saponified, the saponification solution is largely diluted and extracted with ether, the ethereal extract is shaken with concentrated alkali hydroxide to remove follicle hormone and is then concentrated by evaporation so that pregnandiol separates in crystals and the male hormone remains as an oily residue; follicle hormone hydrate remaining in the saponification liquid when the latter is extracted by ether is recovered by neutralizing with CO2 and extraction with ether.  Specifications 432,435, 432,474, and 432,851 are referred to.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 391,686.ALSO:A product obtained by acylating an extract of urine and separating the esters produced from non-esterified products is treated to obtain the individual hormones by a process comprising saponification by means of alkali, extraction of the diluted alkaline solution with ether, shaking the ethereal extract with concentrated alkali hydroxide solution to extract follicle hormone, concentrating the remaining ethereal extract to cause separation of pregnandiol crystals and finally to leave the male hormone as an oily residue, and recovery of follicle hormone hydrate from the initial alkaline saponification liquid by neutralization with carbon dioxide and extraction with ether. Specifications 432,435, 432,474, and 432,851 are referred to.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 391,686.