anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Dermoscopy is a non-invasive, cost-effective tool useful in the assessment of pigmented lesions. The aim of this study was to analyze the dermoscopic features in excised melanomas in a tertiary hospital in Brazil and the influence of Breslow thickness on the dermoscopic features observed.
METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study in which dermoscopic images of 43 melanomas were evaluated. The patients were divided into three groups: in situ, thin invasive melanoma (Breslow thickness <1 mm), and thick invasive melanoma (Breslow thickness ≥1 mm).
RESULTS: We studied 33 patients with 43 melanomas. Twenty-one (48.8%) were melanoma in situ, 16 (37.2%) were thin melanomas, and 6 (14%) were thick melanomas. The most frequent dermoscopic criteria observed in all cases were atypical pigment network, multiple colors (3 or more), asymmetrical blotches, and peripheral asymmetric dots and globules. There was a statistically significant difference in the three groups regarding the frequency of atypical vessels, white scar areas, blue-white veil, shiny white structures, and radial streaming. The group of invasive melanomas presented with a higher frequency and statistical significance (P < 0.05) of atypical vessels, white scar areas, blue-white veil, and shiny white structures when compared to in situ melanomas. The presence of radial streaming and blue-white veil was more frequent in thick invasive melanomas than in thin invasive melanomas. The presence of a higher number of structures was seen in invasive melanomas, with a median of 5 and 7.5 structures for thin and thick invasive tumors, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: In line with prior data, we identified an association between invasive melanomas and structures linked to fibrosis and tumor vascularity. Specifically, we noted the presence of atypical vessels, scar-like white areas, a blue-white veil, and shiny white structures. Also, a higher number of dermoscopic structures was seen in invasive melanomas. In thicker melanomas, we observed additional findings, including a higher frequency of radial streaming and a blue-white veil.
Modafinil produces a unique spectrum of pharmacological effects including enhanced vigilance, arousal, and wakefulness in human subjects (Bastuji and Jouvet 1988). The drug is widely used to treat narcolepsy (Banerjee, Vitiello et al. 2004), but is also effective in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (Biederman, Swanson et al. 2005). Notwithstanding the expanding clinical indications for modafinil, the neurochemical mechanisms that produce therapeutic improvement remain unresolved. Pre-clinically, modafinil is a weak inhibitor of the DAT, and displays no affinity for dopamine receptor subtypes (Mignot, Nishino et al. 1994). Further evidence supporting low dopaminergic activity is the low abuse potential of modafinil (Jasinski 2000). Various theories have been proposed as alternative modes of action including enhancement of glutamate release and inhibition of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release in various brain regions (Ferraro, Antonelli et al. 1997; Ferraro, Antonelli et al. 1997; Ferraro, Antonelli et al. 1999). However, the exact mechanisms of action of modafinil and the principle active metabolite, armodafinil, are unknown. Understanding these mechanisms of action is important in assessing the potential therapeutic role of armodafinil. We will test to see if there are differences in the degree of DAT occupancy and D2 binding of armodafinil compared with that of traditional stimulants.

The main target of typical stimulants in the brain is the dopamine transporter (DAT) (Volkow, Wang et al. 1998). We have an exquisitely sensitive methodology to measure DAT occupancy using C-11 altropane and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) (Fischman, Bonab et al. 2001). Our group has previously documented the central nervous system pharmacokinetics of several psychiatric drugs (including methylphenidate) using similar techniques. (Christian, Livni et al. 1996; Fischman, Bonab et al. 1996; Fischman, Alpert et al. 1997; Salazar and Fischman 1999; Fischman, Alpert et al. 2002; Spencer, Biederman et al. 2006).

Increases in intrasynaptic (extracellular) dopamine concentrations associated with medications are routinely measured by changes in C-11 raclopride binding in PET scans. C-11 raclopride binds to postsynaptic D-2 receptors. If the intrasynaptic concentration of dopamine increases, it competes with raclopride leading to a weaker signal (i.e. decreased raclopride binding to D-2 receptors). After administration of a stimulant, associated increases in intrasynaptic dopamine compete with C-11 raclopride binding in this manner (Volkow, Wang et al. 2002). By using this technology we can document the change in D-2 binding in the intrasynaptic space achieved by armodafinil, and compare it to that achieved by a typical stimulant.

To this end, using two PET ligands (C-11 altropane and C-11 raclopride), this protocol seeks to compare the DAT receptor occupancy and the increased intrasynaptic dopamine produced by armodafinil to previous studies of methylphenidate. This research will provide novel and unique information toward better understanding the mechanisms of action of armodafinil in comparison to those of typical stimulants.
Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a common surgical complication that can result in bladder overdistension, urinary tract infection and an extended hospital stay. Although neostigmine is an effective therapy for POUR, its usage remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of neostigmine in improving POUR after surgery. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases were reviewed. A methodical search approach was used for data extraction, while meta-analysis and bias analysis employed Review Manager 5.2 and MedCalc. Fourteen studies involving 4196 postoperative patients were included. With an odds ratio (OR) of 1.70, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 1.11-2.60 and an overall effect with p < 0.05, our analysis indicated that the patients receiving neostigmine had a greater effective urine retention rate than after other standard therapies. The subgroup analysis showed that neostigmine recipients had reduced residual urine volume (mean difference (MD) = -1.16, 95% CI: -2.05--0.27, overall p < 0.05, and I2 = 90%) and POUR (standardized MD (SMD) = 3.76, 95% CI: 2.19-5.34, overall p < 0.001, and I2 = 99% using a random effects model) as compared to controls. A random-effects model was utilized due to the substantial heterogeneity between trials. The studies were consistent and had no publication bias. Based on the findings of this meta-analysis, neostigmine can be considered an effective POUR treatment.
The invention discloses a ZNF667 protein short hairpin RNA (ribonucleic acid) interference plasmid and an application method thereof. The ZNF667 protein short hairpin RNA (ZNF667-shRNA) interference plasmid is successfully constructed at the first time and transfected into a hepatoma cell line HepG2, and a cell line for stably transfecting the ZNF667-shRNAinterference plasmid is constructed. Proliferation, infiltration, invasion and migration of HepG2 cells can be inhibited by reducing ZNF667 protein in the HepG2 cells. Nude mouse transplantation tumor experiments confirm that tumor formation can be inhibited from an in-vivo level by reducing ZNF667 expression in the HepG2 cells. The malignant degree of the HepG2 cells is inhibited possibly by promoting P53 and inhibiting Bcl-2 protein in reduction of ZNF667 protein expression in the HepG2 cells. A new clue and path can be provided for treating liver cancer, and the interference plasmid is of great significance.
The shortage of cholesterol gallstones treatment intensifies the need to discover of effective small molecule drugs. Clinical follow-up and studies have found that activation of somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SSTR5) reduce gallbladder contraction and thus increase the risk of cholesterol gallstones, implying that antagonizing SSTR5 may promote gallbladder emptying and reduce the formation of gallstones. Herein, we discovered novel SSTR5 antagonists and firstly investigated its effects on cholesterol gallstone. From loperamide, a reported seed structure with micromole activity, we identified optimal compound 23 as an SSTR5 antagonist exhibiting single-digit nanomolar potency, low hERG inhibition and oral availability. Further in vivo evaluation revealed that 23 significantly promoted gallbladder emptying. Moreover, in a mouse cholesterol gallstone model, 23 (3 mg/kg) effectively reduced the cholesterol gallstones formation, showing better efficacy than the clinical first-line drug UDCA (60 mg/kg), providing a new insight into the development of anti-gallstone drugs.
Aspects of the subject matter described in this specification are embodied in systems and methods that utilize machine-learning techniques to evaluate clinical trial data using one or more learning models trained to identify anomalies representing adverse events associated with a clinical trial investigation. In some implementations, investigation data collected at a clinical trial site is obtained. A set of models corresponding to the clinical trial site is selected. Each model included in the set of models is trained to identify, based on historical investigation data collected at the clinical trial site, a distinct set of one or more indicators that indicate a compliance risk associated with the investigation data. A score for the clinical trial site is determined based on the investigation data relative to the historical investigation data. The score represents a likelihood that the investigation data is associated with at least one indicator representing the compliance risk.
The present invention relates to gastrodia tuber health care sheep bone soup which is prepared by taking sheep bones as main materials and taking the traditional Chinese medicines of gastrodia tuber, Chinese magnoliavine fruit, liquorice and subsidiary flavouring as subsidiary materials, wherein the gastrodia tuber health care sheep bone soup has various raw materials with the use quantity (according to weight share) and has the preparing method that 10 to 30 shares of sheep bones are put in a container in which 100 shares of water are contained after being cleaned by water to be boiled by sharp fire and then are boiled for one to three hours by soft fire; then, a material bag in which 0.3 to 1 shares of fresh tall gastrodia tuber, 0.1 to 0.5 shares of Chinese magnoliavine fruit and 0.1 to 0.5 shares of liquorice are contained is put in. after being boiled by sharp fire, the sheep bones are boiled for one to two hours by soft fire. After being boiled, the sheep bones are canned, bottled or contained by gradable bowls after becoming cold, and then sheep bones can be prepared by the matching of flavouring bags in which a proper quantity of ginger powder, garlic powder, monosodium glutamate, pepper and refined salt are contained. When drinking the gastrodia tuber health care sheep bone soup, a person can drink the gastrodia tuber health care sheep bone soup by opening a flavouring bag and putting the flavouring bag into the sheep bone soup. The present invention has the characteristics of rich nutrients, simple preparing technology, convenient eating and portability. The gastrodia tuber health care sheep bone soup which can be widely used for being eaten in families, restaurants, and travel is an ideal convenient meat food.
Participants in the experimental group will undergo Speed, Agility, and Quickness (SAQ) training three times per week, with each session lasting 60 minutes, for a duration of 12 weeks. The training intensity will range from 70% to 100% of the participants' maximum effort. This program is designed to enhance physical fitness, cognitive abilities, and soccer-specific skills.
Physical activity (PA) has pluripotential beneficial effects on body functions. These benefits include reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and death. In addition to these effects, PA exerts significant beneficial effects on sleep onset, duration and quality, which add to its beneficial effects. In contrast, lack of sleep has been associated with increased incidence of CVD complications and death. In this regard, PA serves as a non-pharmacologic means for sleep improvement especially in older people, who frequently have difficulties in falling asleep. Regarding the timing of exercise and its effect on sleep, there has been no difference between morning and evening exercise on the onset and quality of sleep. With respect the beneficial cardiovascular effects of PA on sleep, there has been a debate among several investigators with some reporting significant beneficial effects of PA, and others reporting not significant beneficial effects. In order to get a better perspective on the effects of PA on quality of sleep, and its cardiovascular beneficial effects, a Medline search of the English literature was conducted between 2017 and 2023 using the terms exercise, sleep, cardiovascular disease, death and 36 pertinent papers were selected (Figure 1). The findings from these papers together with collateral literature will be discussed in this review.
Drug delivery systems based on biomimetic peptide nanoparticles are steadily gaining prominence in the treatment of diverse medical conditions. This study focused on the development of peptides that depend on ligand-receptor interactions to load rapamycin (RAPA). Furthermore, a multifunctional peptide was engineered to target oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) within atherosclerotic plaques, facilitating the localized delivery of RAPA. The interactions between peptides and RAPA/oxLDL were analyzed by simulations and experimental approaches. Results show that the main amino acid residues on the mammalian target of rapamycin that bind to RAPA are constructed as peptides (P1 and P2), which have specific interactions with RAPA and can effectively improve the loading efficiency of RAPA. The encapsulation and drug loading efficiencies of P1/P2 were 68.0/47.9% and 48.3/36.5%, respectively. In addition, the interaction force of the multifunctional peptide (P3) and oxLDL surpassed that of their interaction with human umbilical vein endothelial cells by a factor of 3.6, conclusively establishing the specific targeting of oxLDL by these nanoparticles. The encapsulation and drug loading efficiencies of P3 for RAPA were determined to be 60.2% and 41.5%. P3 can effectively load RAPA and target oxLDL within the plaque, suggesting that P3 has potential as a therapeutic agent for atherosclerotic disease.
A computer implemented image retrieval method is disclosed. An image descriptor of a query image indicating a medical abnormality and non-image patient data is received. For each of a plurality of candidate images stored in a database, an image descriptor of the candidate image and data about a medical abnormality known to be indicated by the candidate image is received. A similarity metric between the image descriptors of the query image the candidate image is determined for each candidate image. A first probability of the query image medical abnormality being the candidate image medical abnormality given the non-image patient data associated with the query image is determined for each candidate image. A score is determined for each candidate image based on the determined similarity metric and the determined first probability. One or more of the candidate images are retrieved from the database in accordance with the determined scores.
Sjögren's syndrome patients were screened in the rheumatology outpatient departments and Center for Traditional Medicine at Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and were enrolled with the inclusion criteria: (1) aged between 20 and 75 years; (2) fulfilled the 2002 American-European Consensus Criteria for SS (AECG). Exclusion Criteria: NA.
Patients receive abiraterone acetate orally once daily and prednisone orally twice daily on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Background: Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is characterized by partial or complete flattening of the longitudinal medial arch, which develops after maturity. AAFD secondary to posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is one of professional athletes' most common foot and ankle pathologies. Different modalities and procedures can be used to establish the diagnosis of AAFD and PTTD. However, imaging measurements such as the calcaneal inclination index and ultrasonography (US) of the posterior tibialis tendon (PTT) in professional athletes with medial ankle and focal pain along the PTT have yet to be widely studied. This study investigates the correlation of PTT ultrasound for evaluating PTTD with calcaneal inclination angle (CIA) for evaluating AAFD in professional athletes with medial ankle and focal pain along the PTT. Through this study, clinicians and radiologists may benefit from considering AAFD in athletes with PTTD. Methods: 112 Indonesian professional athletes with medial ankle or foot pain and focal pain along the direction of the PTT underwent foot radiography using the CIA and ankle ultrasound to observe PTT abnormalities. Results: A negative correlation between fluid thickness surrounding the PTT and the CIA (p<0.001; 95% CI - 0.945, - 0.885), as well as a negative correlation between PTT thickness and CIA (p<0.001, 95% CI - 0.926, - 0.845), with a correlation coefficient (r) of - 0.921 and - 0.892, respectively. No significant correlation was found between PTT tear and CIA (p = 0.728; 95% CI -0.223, - 0.159; r - 0.033). Conclusion: This study showed a negative correlation between PTTD and AAFD via ultrasound and CIA in professional athletes with medial ankle and focal pain along the PTT. A better understanding of PTTD and AAFD imaging will lead to more effective management and prompt treatment.
ELIQUIS increases the risk of bleeding and can cause serious, potentially fatal, bleeding [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Adverse Reactions (6.1)] . 

Concomitant use of drugs affecting hemostasis increases the risk of bleeding. These include aspirin and other antiplatelet agents, other anticoagulants, heparin, thrombolytic agents, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [see Drug Interactions (7.3)] . 

Advise patients of signs and symptoms of blood loss and to report them immediately or go to an emergency room. Discontinue ELIQUIS in patients with active pathological hemorrhage.

### Reversal of Anticoagulant Effect 

An agent to reverse the anti-factor Xa activity of apixaban is available. The pharmacodynamic effect of ELIQUIS can be expected to persist for at least 24 hours after the last dose, i.e., for about two drug half-lives. Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC), activated prothrombin complex concentrate or recombinant factor VIIa may be considered, but have not been evaluated in clinical studies  [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)] . When PCCs are used, monitoring for the anticoagulation effect of apixaban using a clotting test (PT, INR, or aPTT) or anti-factor Xa (FXa) activity is not useful and is not recommended. Activated oral charcoal reduces absorption of apixaban, thereby lowering apixaban plasma concentration [see Overdosage (10)].

Hemodialysis does not appear to have a substantial impact on apixaban exposure [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] . Protamine sulfate and vitamin K are not expected to affect the anticoagulant activity of apixaban. There is no experience with antifibrinolytic agents (tranexamic acid, aminocaproic acid) in individuals receiving apixaban. There is no experience with systemic hemostatics (desmopressin and aprotinin) in individuals receiving apixaban, and they are not expected to be effective as a reversal agent.
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) is a common complication after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, characterised by a broad disease spectrum that can affect virtually any organ. Although pulmonary cGvHD is a less common manifestation, it is of great concern due to its severity and poor prognosis. Optimal management of patients with pulmonary cGvHD is complicated and no standardised approach is available. The purpose of this joint European Respiratory Society (ERS) and European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation task force was to develop evidence-based recommendations regarding the treatment of pulmonary cGvHD phenotype bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in adults. A multidisciplinary group representing specialists in haematology, respiratory medicine and methodology, as well as patient advocates, formulated eight PICO (patient, intervention, comparison, outcome) and two narrative questions. Following the ERS standardised methodology, we conducted systematic reviews to address these questions and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to develop recommendations. The resulting guideline addresses common therapeutic options (inhalation therapy, fluticasone-azithromycin-montelukast, imatinib, ibrutinib, ruxolitinib, belumosudil, extracorporeal photopheresis and lung transplantation), as well as other aspects of general management, such as lung functional and radiological follow-up and pulmonary rehabilitation, for adults with pulmonary cGvHD phenotype bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. These recommendations include important advancements that could be incorporated in the management of adults with pulmonary cGvHD, primarily aimed at improving and standardising treatment and improving outcomes.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical activity and the risk of premenstrual syndrome among college students.
METHODS: Eligible studies were searched from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. The link between physical activity and the risk of premenstrual syndrome was evaluated using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The heterogeneity of the included studies was tested and their sources were explored by subgroup analysis. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effect of a single study on the pooled results. The included studies were evaluated for publication bias. Five moderate-quality studies were included in this meta-analysis.
RESULTS: Physical activity levels were negatively associated with risk of premenstrual syndrome among college students (OR [95%CI] = 1.46 [1.09, 1.96], P = .011). The pooled results were not influenced after being stratified by the study region and whether multi-factor correction was performed or not. Publication bias was not observed in the included studies.
CONCLUSION: A high level of physical activity is dramatically associated with a reduced risk of premenstrual syndrome among female college students.