anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a global health concern, and understanding its prevalence among medical students is crucial for shaping targeted interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively assess the prevalence of obesity and overweight among medical students.
METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, in order to identify relevant studies that evaluated obesity and overweight among medical students. Inclusion criteria encompassed published and peer-reviewed studies reporting the prevalence of obesity among medical students.
RESULTS: A total of 1245 studies were screened based on their titles and abstracts, and 99 studies comprised a total sample size of 47,455 medical students across diverse geographical regions were included in this study. The overall pooled prevalence of overweight among medical students was estimated at 18% (95% CI: 17%-20%), with obesity at 9% (95% CI: 7%-11%). The combined prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) was calculated to be 24% (95% CI: 22%-27%). Meta-regression results indicated a significant correlation between study year and overweight/obesity prevalence (p < 0.05), with a trend towards increasing prevalence over time. Male medical students exhibited a higher pooled prevalence, increasing with the percentage of male participants.
CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of obesity among medical students globally. In summary, obesity and overweight present a substantial worldwide health concern, especially among susceptible groups such as medical students, whose prevalence is on the rise. It is crucial to grasp the extent and contributing factors of obesity among medical students to formulate precise interventions aimed at fostering healthier habits and alleviating the adverse impacts of obesity on both physical and mental health.
In this cross-sectional study, we determined the relative impact of long-term occupational exposure to pesticides on physical performance and perception of tiredness. Experimental data was collected in locus from agricultural communities and included surveys to assess the duration of exposure to pesticides, social status, habitual physical activity levels, presence of common mental disorders (CMD), and self-reported tiredness. Plasmatic cholinesterase (PChE), body composition and traditional functional performance tests (Handgrip strength-HGS; Time up and go-TUG; and Sit-to-stand-STS) were obtained. From the 127 individuals tested, cluster analysis yielded 80 individuals divided in Direct Exposed (n = 37) and Indirect Exposed (n = 43); Tired (n = 16), and Not Tired (n = 64). PChE values were within the reference values (5209.64-13943.53 U/L). Pesticide exposure had no influence on PChE levels, CMD or fatigue (p > 0.05), while Self-reported tiredness had (p < 0.05). Principal Component Analyses showed that HGS; STS and TUG (i.e., physical performance variables) are negatively influenced by two independent factors: pesticide exposure and self-reported tiredness. We conclude that chronic pesticide exposure and tiredness can negatively impact physical performance, independently, without clinically significant changes in PChE levels that is a biomarker used to track pesticide intoxication. Functional physical tests can be a useful tool to identify chronic pesticide exposure, and help with the limitations of commonly used parameters (i.e. PChE and CMD). Self-reported tiredness is a confounding variable.
Postoperative pain is common, can be severe, has a negative impact on outcomes after surgery and brings along major economic costs for society. A substantial part of patients may develop persistent post-surgical pain. Severity and duration of pain after surgery appear to have a role in this process but the transition from acute postoperative pain to chronic pain is only partially understood.

Effective treatment of postoperative pain is hampered by several barriers, including the way measurement of pain and registration of pain-scores are carried out by nurses in clinical practice. Modern technology offers new opportunities for pain measurement and direct patient feedback on postoperative pain, during and also after clinical admission. We developed a smartphone application that allows clinical patients to report pain scores and other pain related outcomes on postoperative pain with their own telephone device. Patient reported pain scores \> 3 on a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) 0-10 are immediately passed on to the nurse who receives a message of the reported pain score. This can lead to earlier detection of pain and a more timely treatment resulting in improved patient reported outcomes on postoperative pain
Influenza (flu) viruses cause significant disease and death every year. Influenza vaccines protect against illness but their effectiveness can be limited. The influenza virus is notorious for its continuous mutation and potential to cause pandemics. This essentially creates a moving target for vaccine development, posing a significant challenge for global health. Current vaccines offer a certain degree of protection but are not fully effective due to the virus's ever-changing nature. In response to this, a live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) was developed with the objective of providing a higher degree of protection. This type of vaccine has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in children, surpassing the protection provided by inactivated flu vaccines. This made LAIV a preferred choice for administration to young children.

However, when it comes to adults (individuals over 18 years of age), the scenario is markedly different. Recent studies have indicated a significant decline in LAIV's effectiveness in adults compared to children. Various clinical trials have reported that LAIV exhibits approximately 85% efficacy in children under the age of 18, which dramatically decreases to around 40%-60% in adults (aged 18-49 years). This suggests that adults do not respond as well to LAIV as children do. In adults, the LAIV-induced immunity appears to be short-lived, often lasting for only one influenza season, while in children LAIV has shown to provide long-lasting protection even against mismatched strains. Understanding the factors behind this discrepancy is critical to improve the protective efficacy of influenza vaccines across all age brackets. Unraveling this mystery could open the doors to the development of a superior flu vaccine, one that offers robust protection across all age groups.

This study will enroll healthy adult (age 18-49) participants who have not received the influenza vaccine recently. Participants will be asked to come in for 3 visits over 1 month. Participants will receive the FDA-approved live attenuated influenza vaccine, given as a nasal spray. Study staff will collect baseline and follow-up biologic samples to compare how the immune system reacts. The biologic samples will be collected from the blood and nose to look at immune cells in these parts of the body.
Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) is a major cause of fetal growth restriction (FGR). Leptin, an adipokine, has been shown to play a vital role in fetal organogenesis. There is evidence reporting leptin deficiency in preterm and growth-restricted fetuses. In this issue of Pediatric Research, Yuliana et al. report leptin expression and lung development in UPI-induced FGR rats. UPI-induced FGR rats expressed decreased lung leptin and had impaired lung development, as shown by decreased surface area and lung volume. They also found a significant association between lung radial alveolar count, serum leptin, von Willebrand factor, and specific metabolites on metabolomic analyses. Previous studies on leptin supplementation in vivo have been associated with improvement in lung maturation; supporting the evidence, that leptin improves lung growth and development in FGR and may have future therapeutic potential in the improvement of respiratory outcomes in these infants. Future studies to support evidence of this association in humans are warranted.
The present disclosure is directed to reducing resource consumption via information technology infrastructure. A server of the present disclosure receives one or more data packets including data indicating a healthcare transaction event. The server selects healthcare trend model trained by the server using previously received data packets. The server determines a correlation coefficient between each of a plurality of healthcare related recommendations and the selected healthcare trend model. The server retrieves a notification template from a notification data structure that maps to the highest ranking healthcare related recommendation. The server generates a request to deliver the notification corresponding to the highest ranking healthcare related recommendation at a destination address of a computing device of a participant.
This is a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase I/II clinical study with a dose-escalation stage (part 1) and a dose-expansion stage (part 2). In part 1, patients with treatment-naïve, relapsed/refractory extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (nasal type) will be assigned to receive sequentially higher doses of liposomal mitoxantrone hydrochloride plus a standard dose of pegaspargase every 21 days (a cycle). The dose escalation initially will follow an accelerated titration design for the first two dosing groups, then follow a classic 3+3 design. All dose-escalation decisions will be based on the safety data generated from the currently highest dose group. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of liposomal mitoxantrone hydrochloride will be determined in part 1. In part 2, additional patients will be recruited into two groups,the treatment-naïve group and the relapsed or refractory group, to receive liposomal mitoxantrone hydrochloride at the RP2D combined with a standard dose of pegaspargase. All patients will receive the treatment until disease progression, or observation of unacceptable grade 3 drug-related adverse events (a maximum of 6 cycles).
This report describes the case of a middle-aged man who attempted suicide, which resulted in laryngeal webbing and pharyngeal stenosis. The patient was compromised at the level of respiration, necessitating a tracheostomy. Alimentation was also affected, and feeding was done through a gastrostomy tube. Unfortunately, the fibrous tissues were resistant to dilatation and laser treatment. Hence, he underwent a modified partial horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy (PHSL) and pharyngectomy to excise all of the fibrous tissues formed after the incident. The resulting defect was closed with a radial forearm flap (RFF), which is an innovative means of reconstruction after PHSL. The postoperative results were satisfactory. The patient could achieve full oral intake without aspiration at 10 days and the cannula was removed at 3 weeks. This surgical technique could be applied in supraglottic cancers with extension to the pharynx, with repair of the defect by RFF, thus preserving the function of the larynx.
Chronic wound management is affected by three primary challenges: bacterial infection, oxidative stress and inflammation, and impaired regenerative capacity. Conventional treatment methods typically fail to deliver optimal outcomes, thus highlighting the urgency to develop innovative materials that can address these issues and improve efficacy. Recent advances in DNA nanotechnology have garnered significant interest, particularly in the field of functional nucleic acid (FNA) nanomaterials, owing to their exceptional biocompatibility, programmability, and therapeutic potential. Among them, FNAs with unique nanostructures have garnered considerable attention. First, they inherit the biological properties of FNAs, including biocompatibility, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capabilities, and modulation of cellular functions. Second, based on a precise design, these nanostructures exhibit superior physical properties, stability, and cellular uptake. Third, by leveraging the programmability of DNA strands, FNA nanostructures can be customized to accommodate therapeutic nucleic acids, peptides, and small-molecule drugs, thereby enabling a stable and controlled drug delivery system. These unique characteristics enable the use of FNA nanostructures to effectively address the major challenges in chronic wound management. This review focuses on various FNA nanostructures, including tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), DNA hydrogels, DNA origami, and rolling-circle amplification (RCA) DNA assembly. Additionally, a summary of recent advancements in their design and application for chronic wound management as well as insights for future research in this field are provided.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are known as potential pharmaceutical carriers because of their structure. Here, we evaluated the sub-acute administrations of MOF-5 on behavioral parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation levels in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats received four injections of saline or MOF-5 at different doses which were 1, 10, and 50 mg/kg via caudal vein. Y-Maze and Morris-Water Maze (MWM) tests were used to explore working memory and spatial learning and memory, respectively. The antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress level of brain samples were assessed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and thiobarbituric acid-reacting substance (TBARS) assay, respectively. The expression levels of GFAP, IL-1β, and TNF-α were also measured by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Sub-acute administration of MOF-5 reduced the spatial learning and memory as well as working memory, dose-dependently. The levels of FRAP were significantly reduced in rats treated with MOF-5 at higher doses. The Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased at the dose of 50 mg/kg. Additionally, the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly elevated in the rats' brains that were treated with MOF-5. Our findings indicate that sub-acute administration of MOF-5 induces cognitive impairment dose-dependently which might be partly mediated by increasing oxidative stress and inflammation.
INTRODUCTION: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is a severe inflammatory condition with onset in childhood. It is sporadic, but elements of its stereotypical innate immune responses are likely genetically encoded by both common variants with small effect sizes and rare variants with larger effects.
AREAS COVERED: Genomic investigations have defined the unique genetic architecture of sJIA. Identification of the class II HLA locus as the strongest sJIA risk factor for the first time brought attention to T lymphocytes and adaptive immune mechanisms in sJIA. The importance of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus was reinforced by recognition that HLA-DRB1*15 alleles are strongly associated with development of drug reactions and sJIA-associated lung disease (sJIA-LD). At the IL1RN locus, genetic variation relates to both risk of sJIA and may also predict non-response to anakinra. Finally, rare genetic variants may have critical roles in disease complications, such as homozygous LACC1 mutations in families with an sJIA-like illness, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) gene variants in some children with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS).
EXPERT OPINION: Genetic and genomic analysis of sJIA holds great promise for both basic discovery of the course and complications of sJIA, and may help guide personalized medicine and therapeutic decision-making.
PURPOSE:A carcinostatic agent containing saikosaponin a or saikosaponin d as a main component. CONSTITUTION:A carcinostatic agent containing a compound shown by the formula I or formula II as a main component. A dose is 200-300mg/person daily, 1-3 times daily preferably by oral administration. A solution, powder, granule, tablet, suppository, enteric agent, capsule, etc. may be used as the dosage form. The compound shown by the formula I or formula II is obtained by extracting root of Bupleurum falcatum L. with an aqueous medium such as an alcohol (e.g, methanol, ethanol, etc.), distilling away the solvent from the extracted solution, blending the essence with an ether, heating it, removing the ether layer to give the residue, partitioning the residue with a water- insoluble organic solvent (e.g., n-butanol, ethyl acetate, etc.) and water, subjecting the water-insoluble organic solvent layer to high-speed liquid chromatography, to give the compound shown by the formula I after 14 minutes and the compound shown by the formula II after 36 minutes.
Patients inhaled indacaterol 150 μg once daily in the morning between 8:00 and 11:00 AM via a single-dose dry-powder inhaler (SDDPI) for 12 weeks. Patients also inhaled placebo to salmeterol twice daily, once in the morning between 8:00 and 11:00 AM and once in the evening between 8:00 and 11:00 PM via the manufacturer's proprietary multi-dose dry-powder inhaler (MDDPI, \[DISKUS\]) for 12 weeks. Daily inhaled corticosteroid treatment (if applicable) was to remain stable throughout the study. The short-acting β2-agonist salbutamol/albuterol was available for rescue use throughout the study.
The adenovirus-mediated somatic transfer of the embryonic T-box transcription factor 18 (TBX18) gene can convert chamber cardiomyocytes into induced pacemaker cells. However, the translation of therapeutic TBX18-induced cardiac pacing faces safety challenges. Here we show that the myocardial expression of synthetic TBX18 mRNA in animals generates de novo pacing and limits innate and inflammatory immune responses. In rats, intramyocardially injected mRNA remained localized, whereas direct myocardial injection of an adenovirus carrying a reporter gene resulted in diffuse expression and in substantial spillover to the liver, spleen and lungs. Transient expression of TBX18 mRNA in rats led to de novo automaticity and pacemaker properties and, compared with the injection of adenovirus, to substantial reductions in the expression of inflammatory genes and in activated macrophage populations. In rodent and clinically relevant porcine models of complete heart block, intramyocardially injected TBX18 mRNA provided rate-adaptive cardiac pacing for one month that strongly correlated with the animal's sinus rhythm and physical activity. TBX18 mRNA may aid the development of biological pacemakers.
A receiver tunable to a plurality of frequency channels includes a reference frequency generator, a downconverter, an analog-to-digital converter, and a processor. The reference frequency generator generates a reference frequency signal, and the downconverter downconverts received signals to provide intermediate frequency signals. Moreover, the downconverter is synchronized to the reference frequency signal. The analog-to-digital converter generates a plurality of complex numbers representative of the received signals including interference components responsive to the intermediate frequency signals wherein the analog-to-digital converter is synchronized to the reference frequency signal. The processor estimates an origin point for the plurality of complex numbers and subtracts the origin point from each of the complex numbers thereby producing interference-compensated complex numbers representative of the received signals with reduced internally generated interference. Moreover, the processor processes the interference-compensated complex numbers to obtain desired signaling information. Related methods are also discussed.
The experimental group will receive Careing4Dementia downloadable on their smartphone or tablet. Caring4Dementia will tell and show caregivers of a person living with dementia how to 1) manage difficult behaviors, 2) deal with refusal, 3) deal with tensions and 4) manage work-life demands. The app is self-administered and self-paced and contains surveys referring to the outcome measurements tools used in the study. The intervention will be for 30 days without any restriction or limitation in terms of timing, location or frequency of use.
The present disclosure involves a method of entering data in a portable electronic device. A request is received from a healthcare professional to perform data entry in an input field. The request is received via a touch-sensitive user interface of the portable electronic device. In response to the request, a plurality of predefined suggestions is displayed as candidates for the data entry. A selection of one of the plurality of predefined suggestions by the healthcare professional is then detected. Thereafter, the selected predefined suggestion is automatically entered as the data entry in the input field.
The study drug target dose is Atomoxetine (ATM) 80 milligram (mg) per day; given as a once daily dose of an 80mg capsule. Patients will titrate up to target dose by starting on ATM 40mg capsules: 1 capsule daily for 14 days. Following study visit 3 (after 2 weeks on the titration dose), patients will increase the dose of ATM to 80mg daily.
Patients with DMD who have a genotypically confirmed deletion of exon(s) not amenable to treatment by exon 53 skipping, but who otherwise meet the same eligibility criteria as treated patients newly recruited to Part 2, will undergo the same study assessments as treated Patients (except for pharmacokinetic \[PK\] sampling and muscle biopsies), but at a reduced schedule through Week 144. The untreated patients are not considered as control group.
Patients clinically diagnosed as severe pneumonia are diagnosed according to the Guidelines for the diagnosis and Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in Adults (2019 edition) formulated by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), who meet 1 of the following major criteria or ≥3 minor criteria can be diagnosed. The diagnostic criteria for severe pneumonia in children were adopted by the British Thoracic Society (BTS) in 2011.