anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a primary dose-limiting side effect caused by antineoplastic agents, such as paclitaxel. This causes damage to peripheral nerves and the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Currently, there are no effective treatments for CIPN, which can lead to long-term morbidity in patients and survivors. Neuronal-immune interactions occur in CIPN and have been implicated both in the development and progression of the disease and disease resolution. The inventors investigated the potential role of Inducible co-stimulatory molecule (ICOS) in the resolution of CIPN. ICOS is an immune checkpoint molecule that is expressed on the surface of activated T cells and promotes proliferation and differentiation of T cells. They found that intrathecal administration of ICOS agonist antibody (ICOSaa) alleviates mechanical hypersensitivity caused by paclitaxel and facilitates the resolution of pain in female mice without a clear benefit in male mice. Administration of ICOSaa reduced astrocyte-gliosis in the spinal cord and satellite cell gliosis in the DRG of mice previously treated with paclitaxel. Mechanistically, ICOSaa treatment converted T cells in the DRG to an anti-inflammatory phenotype and also promoted pain resolution by increasing cytokine interleukin 10 (IL10) expression. In line with these observations, blocking IL10 activity occluded the effects of ICOSaa treatment on CIPN behavior in female mice. Suggesting a broader activity in neuropathic pain, ICOSaa also partially resolved mechanical hypersensitivity in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model. Our findings support a model wherein ICOSaa, upon engagement with T cells, induces an expansion of IL10 expression to facilitate neuropathic pain relief in female mice. ICOSaa treatment is in clinical development for solid tumors. Given our observation of resident T cells in the human DRG, ICOSaa therapy could be developed for testing in neuropathic pain clinical trials.
NIASPAN should be taken at bedtime, after a low-fat snack, and doses should be individualized according to patient response. Therapy with NIASPAN must be initiated at 500mg at bedtime in order to reduce the incidence and severity of side effects which may occur during early therapy. NIASPAN must be titrated and the dose should not be increased by more than 500 mg every 4 weeks up to a maximum dose of 2000 mg a day. The recommended dose escalation is shown in Table 11 below. Patients already receiving a stable dose of NIASPAN may be switched directly to a niacin-equivalent dose of ADVICOR.

Table 11. Recommended Dosing

### Maintenance Dose: 

The daily dosage of NIASPAN should not be increased by more than 500 mg in any 4-week period. The recommended maintenance dose is 1000 mg (two 500 mg tablets) to 2000 mg (two 1000 mg tablets or four 500 mg tablets) once daily at bedtime.  Doses greater than 2000 mg daily are not recommended. Women may respond at lower NIASPAN doses than men. 

Flushing of the skin (see ADVERSE REACTIONS) may be reduced in frequency or severity by pretreatment with aspirin up to the recommended dose of 325 mg (taken 30 minutes prior to NIASPAN dose). Tolerance to this flushing develops rapidly over the course of several weeks. Flushing, pruritus, and gastrointestinal distress are also greatly reduced by slowly increasing the dose of niacin and avoiding administration on an empty stomach. Concomitant alcoholic, hot drinks or spicy foods may increase the side effects of flushing and pruritus and should be avoided around the time of ADVICOR ingestion.

Equivalent doses of NIASPAN should not be substituted for sustained-release (modified-release, timed-release) niacin preparations or immediate-release (crystalline) niacin (see WARNINGS). Patients previously receiving other niacin products should be started with the recommended NIASPAN titration schedule (see Table 11), and the dose should subsequently be individualized based on patient response. Single-dose bioavailability studies have demonstrated that NIASPAN tablet strengths are not interchangeable. 

If NIASPAN therapy is discontinued for an extended period, reinstitution of therapy should include a titration phase (see Table 11).

NIASPAN tablets should be taken whole and should not be broken, crushed or chewed before swallowing.
The objective of this work is to compare the effects of two balance training programs, one Nintendo Wii Fit-based and the other traditionally-based without the use of a gaming system, motor function, balance and quality of life in chronic stroke patients. It is a prospective, single-blinded, randomized clinical trial performed at Center of Research of the courses of Speech Therapy, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy of São Paulo University. Forty chronic stroke patients are randomly in control and experimental group, 20 each one. Both groups conduct 14 training sessions, twice a week, for seven weeks. Each session will consist a 30 minute-global-exercise series including stretching, muscle strength and axial mobility exercises. After this, both groups will performed more 30 minutes of balance training: the control group will performed balance exercises without external cues, visual or auditory feedbacks or cognitive stimulations; the experimental group will performed the balance training with 8 Wii Fit games which stimulate motor and cognitive functions. The main outcome measures will be: (1) the lower limb subscale of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA-LE); (2); Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest);(3) the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL); (4) 6- minute walk test (6MWT) and (5) The limits of stability (LOS).
Overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) have become prevalent issues in the global public health arena. Serving as a prominent risk factor for various chronic diseases, overweight/obesity not only poses serious threats to people's physical and mental health but also imposes significant medical and economic burdens on society as a whole. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on basic scientific research dedicated to seeking the neural evidence underlying overweight/obesity, aiming to elucidate its causes and effects by revealing functional alterations in brain networks. Among them, dysfunction in the reward network (RN) and executive control network (ECN) during both resting state and task conditions is considered pivotal in neuroscience research on overweight/obesity. Their aberrations contribute to explaining why persons with overweight/obesity exhibit heightened sensitivity to food rewards and eating disinhibition. This review centers on the reward and executive control network by analyzing and organizing the resting-state and task-based fMRI studies of functional brain network alterations in overweight/obesity. Building upon this foundation, the authors further summarize a reward-inhibition dual-system model, with a view to establishing a theoretical framework for future exploration in this field.
This is a phase 3 randomized, multicenter, non-inferiority open-label RCT. 190 eligible APS patients with arterial or venous thrombotic history receiving acenocoumarol will be stratified according the presence of SLE and venous/arterial thrombotic history and randomized (1:1) either to continue vitamin K antagonists (standard of care, normalized ratio (INR) 2-3 or 2.5 to 3.5 in those with recurrent thrombotic episodes) or to switch to rivaroxaban (20 mg/day). The primary efficacy outcome is the development of any thrombotic event during the study period. Secondary efficacy outcomes include time to thrombosis, type of thrombosis (arterial or venous), overall causes of death, evaluation of a prognostic biomarker panel of recurrent thrombosis. The primary safety outcome will be major bleeding. Secondary safety outcomes include any adverse event and minor bleeding.
BACKGROUND: The flow reaching the vocal folds may be lower than that at the output of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) system. This could be due to upper-respiratory obstruction, oxygen leakage, or other factors. The objective of this study was to observe the effect of flow through a nasopharyngeal airway on intrapharyngeal pressure (IPP) in subjects undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB).
METHODS: Patients scheduled for FOB were invited to participate. Measurements were performed at flows of 0-60 L/min; the subjects wore WN-N95 folding medical protective masks (N95) and either underwent FOB or not. IPP at each flow was recorded following 15 s of ventilation, and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric sinus was measured before and after FOB. Hypoxemia, reflux aspiration, and other pertinent events were recorded.
RESULTS: Sixty subjects undergoing FOB at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University participated in this trial from October 2022-September 2023. IPP increased significantly with an increase in flow and also increased after placing the N95 mask with the same flow (P < .001). When results from before to after FOB were compared, the difference in CSA was statistically significant 263.6 (220.7-300.5) mm2 vs 305.5 (275.4-329.5) mm2, P < .001, but the difference in the risk of reflux aspiration was not statistically significant (0% vs 6.7%, P = .13). Complication rates during treatment were 8.3% for hypoxemia, 0% for reflux aspiration, 1.7% for hypertension, 1.7% for hypotension, 6.7% for tachycardia, 5% for bradycardia, and 10% for postoperative nausea and vomiting.
CONCLUSIONS: HFNC can provide effective oxygen therapy for people undergoing FOB, and increases in IPP with flow in the range of 0-60 L/min may not increase the risk of reflux aspiration.
One low dose Arbaclofen Placarbil MR prototype tablet (selected based on review of the data in Part 1) taken under fasting conditions, or a previously dosed MR prototype in the fed state. Part 2 participants receive Regimens F, G, H, I and J in a sequential manner.
WINLEVI (clascoterone) cream contains clascoterone, an androgen receptor inhibitor, in a cream base for topical dermatologic use. WINLEVI cream is a white to almost white cream.

Chemically, clascoterone is cortexolone-17α propionate. Clascoterone is a white to almost white powder, practically insoluble in water. The compound has the empirical formula C24H34O5 and molecular weight of 402.5 g/mol. The structural formula is shown below.

Each gram of WINLEVI cream 1% contains 10 mg of clascoterone in a cream base of cetyl alcohol, citric acid monohydrate, edetate disodium, mineral oil, mono- and di-glycerides, polysorbate 80, propylene glycol, purified water, and vitamin E.
High-altitude heart disease (HAHD) is a complex pathophysiological condition related to systemic hypobaric hypoxia in response to transitioning to high altitude. Hypoxia can cause myocardial metabolic dysregulation, leading to an increased risk of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) could regulate myocardial energy metabolism and plays a protective role in various cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to determine the effects of plateau hypoxia (PH) on cardiac metabolism and function, investigate the associated role of ALDH2, and explore potential therapeutic targets. We discovered that PH significantly reduced survival rate and cardiac function. These effects were exacerbated by ALDH2 deficiency. PH also caused a shift in the myocardial fuel source from fatty acids to glucose; ALDH2 deficiency impaired this adaptive metabolic shift. Untargeted/targeted metabolomics and transmission electron microscopy revealed that ALDH2 deficiency promoted myocardial fatty-acid deposition, leading to enhanced fatty-acid transport, lipotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, results showed that ALDH2 attenuated PH-induced impairment of adaptive metabolic programs through 4-HNE/CPT1 signaling, and the CPT1 inhibitor etomoxir significantly ameliorated ALDH2 deficiency-induced cardiac impairment and improved survival in PH mice. Together, our data reveal ALDH2 acts as a key cardiometabolic adaptation regulator in response to PH. CPT1 inhibitor, etomoxir, may attenuate ALDH2 deficiency-induced effects and improved cardiac function in response to PH.
A method of treating HIV or other viral infections by administering a herbicide or fungicide or derivative thereof to an animal or human. The fungicides or herbicides can be used in conjunction with other treatments, e.g. with AZT or protease inhibitors for the treatment of HIV. For example, thiabendazole and chloropropham have been shown to quickly reduce the level of virus production from cell populations chronically infected with HIV-1 and the antiviral effect is maintained with continued compound exposure. This reduction of virus production occurs at concentrations which are non toxic to the host cell and which have no effect on the syntheses of cellular DNA, RNA and protein. Further, chronically infected cells treated for prolonged periods of time with thiabendazole and chloropropham were not super-infected with HIV. A method for inhibiting the growth of tumors and cancers in mammals comprising administering a herbicidal or fungicidal derivative is also disclosed herein. The fungicides or herbicides can be used in conjunction with other treatments, e.g. taxol for the treatment of breast cancer. Potentiators can also be included in the herbicidal or fungicidal composition. This method is particularly effective when the cancer or virus is an animal cell genetically modified by plant or fungus genetic material. A chemotherapeutic agent can also be administered first to significantly reduce the size of the cancer and then the treatment with the herbicide or fungicide is used. These methods are particularly effective when the cancer or virus is a mutated cell comprising plant or fungal genetic material.
Slimming cream or ointment contains (a) lipase and, as stabiliser, (b) a mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidone and leucyl-glycyl-glycine. The stability and activity of the prepn. is further increased by the addition of ox bile (fel tauri). A diffusion-promoting substance (pref. thiomucase or hyaluronidase) is pref. also present. The prepn. is for topical application to exert a slimming action by breaking down fat to its component fatty acids and glycerol. The action is enhanced if heat is applied to the area of application after administration and rubbing-in of the cream or ointment and a negative pressure is applied to the area so as to promote transpiration and removal of liquid lipolysis prodts.
All participants receive both Novolin R (experimental drug) and 14% NaCl (Sodium Chloride) solution (placebo), to be administered in randomly assigned order on two separate testing sessions. During administration of either Novolin R or 14% NaCl, participants will receive 1 spray in each nostril every 3 minutes for a total of 6 sprays. The nasal spray bottle delivers 0.1 ml of liquid per spray. Since the concentration of insulin in Novolin R is 100 IU/mL, six sprays will deliver a 60 IU dose.
Patients receive ixazomib citrate PO QD on days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle and pevonedistat IV over 60 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Impaired olfactory function may be associated with the development of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety; however, knowledge on the mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders is incomplete. A reversible model of olfactory dysfunction, zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) nasal-treated mice, exhibit depression-like behavior accompanying olfactory dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated olfactory function and depression-like behaviors in ZnSO4-treated mice using the buried food finding test and tail suspension test, respectively; investigated the changes in the hippocampal microglial activity and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus by immunohistochemistry; and evaluated the inflammation and microglial polarity related-proteins in the hippocampus using western blot study. On day 14 after treatment, ZnSO4-treated mice showed depression-like behavior in the tail suspension test and recovery of the olfactory function in the buried food finding test. In the hippocampus of ZnSO4-treated mice, expression levels of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), cluster of differentiation 40, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, cleaved caspase-3, as well as the number of Iba1-positive cells and cell body size increased, and arginase-1 expression and neurogenesis decreased. Except for the increased IL-6, these changes were prevented by a microglia activation inhibitor, minocycline. The findings suggest that neuroinflammation due to polarization of M1-type hippocampal microglia is involved in depression accompanied with olfactory dysfunction.
A bactericidal substance is obtained by subjecting a non-saponifiable fraction of fatty material to the action of ultra-violet rays until the product has an activity such that 2 to 7 milligrams in one cubic centimeter of maize oil is fatal to yeast.  The material obtained may be mixed with inert oils, e.g. maize oil, olive oil, &c. or a fatty material e.g. lanolin, to form medicinal preparations or may be added to cosmetics or shaving soaps.  Specification 236,197, [Class 1 (i)], is referred to.ALSO:A bactericidal substance is obtained by subjecting a non-saponifiable fraction of fatty material to the action of ultra-violet rays until the product has an activity such that 2 to 7 milligrams in one cubic centimeter of maize oil is fatal to yeast.  The material obtained may be mixed with inert oils, e.g. maize oil, olive oil &c. or with a fatty material e.g. lanolin to form medicinal preparations for application to the skin or may be added to cosmetics or shaving soaps.  Specification 236,197, [Class 81 (i)], is referred to.
OBJECTIVES: Nigeria ranks second in the global prevalence of diarrhoea with most cases concentrated in the Northern-region of the country. This research explored the antidiarrhoeal efficacy of the hydroethanolic extract of Piliostigma thonningii leaves (HEPTL), locally used to manage diarrhoeal conditions in Kebbi State, Nigeria.
METHODS: P. thonningii leaves were screened for their secondary metabolites and mineral constituents. Using 3 standard-diarrhoea models, female Wistar rats completely-randomised into six-groups of six animals each were utilised for probing the antidiarrhoeal activity of HEPTL. Animals in groups I and II served as the negative and positive controls, whereas the rats in groups III, IV and V respectively received 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight-(bw) of HEPTL.
RESULTS: Six secondary metabolites and eight minerals were found in the extract, with flavonoids and calcium being the most abundant while steroids and zinc were the least prevalent, respectively. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of 19 bioactive substances. Furthermore, there was a significant (p<0.05) and dose-related reduction in diarrhoea onset, water content, and wet faeces count. Similarly, the amount of intestinal fluid and average distance traversed by the charcoal-meal were decreased dose-dependently by the HEPTL with a commensurate rise in the suppression of intestinal fluid accrual and peristalsis. Acetylcholinesterase, Na+/K+-ATPase, reduced glutathione, intestinal-alkaline phosphatase and protein levels increased significantly (p<0.05) whereas superoxide-dismutase, catalase, intestinal-nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels all fell significantly (p<0.05). However, the level of intestinal glucose was not significantly altered.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the HEPTL exhibited a profound effect in the alleviation of the severity of diarrhoea, notably at 200 mg/kg bw.
Veterans frequently need assistance because of injuries and chronic conditions, but also serve as caregivers to family and friends. Our aim was to describe the prevalence of characteristics and experiences of women veterans who serve as caregivers and compare them with non-veteran women. We measured caregiving prevalence caregiving among women veterans (N = 4,179) and women non-veterans (n = 160,307) using population-based data from 48 jurisdictions in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 2021 to 2022. We calculated weighted prevalence estimates and adjusted prevalence ratios [PR] for the association between veteran status and three health outcomes adjusted for age, race and ethnicity, and caregiving activities. Similar proportions (∼23%) of women veterans (n = 1,000) and non-veterans (n = 36,929) were caregivers. Among women caregivers, veterans were more likely than non-veterans to have had a chronic health condition (63 vs. 57%), disability (39 vs. 35%), and current frequent mental distress (27 vs. 22%), although all were quite prevalent in both groups. In adjusted models, the only significant difference was in current frequent mental distress among women veterans compared with non-veteran women caregivers age 18-44 (PR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.20 - 1.85). Women veterans provide similar care as non-veteran women. However, younger women veteran caregivers more frequently experience mental distress, suggesting the importance of routine assessment of caregiving status to initiate support. This may be a result of military experiences (e.g., combat, trauma) and related comorbidities (e.g., traumatic brain injury, PTSD) that could enhance caregiving burden, making caregiver support, chronic disease self-management programs, and mental health services priorities for women veteran caregivers.
The present invention relates to a peptide specifically bound to neuropilin 1 (NRP1), not to neuropilin 2 (NRP2), a fusion protein created through the fusion of the peptide, small molecule drugs, nanoparticles, or a liposome, a pharmaceutical composition containing the same for treating or preventing cancers or neovascular diseases, and a composition for diagnosis. In addition, the present invention provides a polynuceoltide coding the peptide specifically binding to NRP1. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method for screening the peptide specifically bound to NRP1. A heavy chain invariable region of an antibody, wherein the peptide specifically bound to NRP1 in accordance with the present invention is fused, has a character of specifically bound to the NRP1, thereby: being selectively accumulated on tumor tissue; widening the gaps between tumor vascular endothelial cells to increase extravasation; and increasing penetration into the tumor tissue. In addition, the heavy chain invariable region of the antibody, wherein the peptide specifically bound to NRP1 in accordance with the present invention is fused, prevents the NRP1 from being bound to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thereby having an ability to inhibit angiogenesis in the tumor tissue. Therefore, the heavy chain invariable region of the antibody, wherein the peptide in accordance with the present invention is fused, has a tumor inhibitory activity.