anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The initial dose of levothyroxine sodium varies with age and body weight. Dosing adjustments are based on an assessment of the individual patient's clinical and laboratory parameters [see Dosage and Administration (2.3, 2.4)] . 

In children in whom a diagnosis of permanent hypothyroidism has not been established, discontinue levothyroxine sodium administration for a trial period, but only after the child is at least 3 years of age. Obtain serum T4 and TSH levels at the end of the trial period, and use laboratory test results and clinical assessment to guide diagnosis and treatment, if warranted.

Congenital Hypothyroidism[See Dosage and Administration ( 2.3, 2.4)] 

Rapid restoration of normal serum T4 concentrations is essential for preventing the adverse effects of congenital hypothyroidism on intellectual development as well as on overall physical growth and maturation. Therefore, initiate levothyroxine sodium therapy immediately upon diagnosis. Levothyroxine is generally continued for life in these patients.

Closely monitor infants during the first 2 weeks of levothyroxine sodium therapy for cardiac overload, arrhythmias, and aspiration from avid suckling.

Closely monitor patients to avoid undertreatment or overtreatment. Undertreatment may have deleterious effects on intellectual development and linear growth. Overtreatment is associated with craniosynostosis in infants, may adversely affect the tempo of brain maturation, and may accelerate the bone age and result in premature epiphyseal closure and compromised adult stature.

Acquired Hypothyroidism in Pediatric Patients

Closely monitor patients to avoid undertreatment and overtreatment. Undertreatment may result in poor school performance due to impaired concentration and slowed mentation and in reduced adult height. Overtreatment may accelerate the bone age and result in premature epiphyseal closure and compromised adult stature.

Treated children may manifest a period of catch-up growth, which may be adequate in some cases to normalize adult height. In children with severe or prolonged hypothyroidism, catch-up growth may not be adequate to normalize adult height.
PURPOSE: To obtain a new intermediate which is important to synthesize the compd. of the title as a testosterone 5α-reductase inhibitor useful for treatment for acne, seborrhea, female hirsutisum and prostatomegaly.  
     CONSTITUTION: This compd. is expressed by formula I (R 2  is thiopyridyl; R 3  is 1 to 4C alkoxycarbonyl, 1 to 4C alkoxy or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy), and for example, the compd. is 17β-(2-pyridylthiocarbonyl)-androsta-3,5-diene- carboxylic acid methyl ester. The compd. of the purpose is obtd. by treating a steroid acid expressed by formula II with trifluoromethylsulfonyl anhydride and tertiary amine, treating the obtd. product with 2,2-dithiopyridyl and triphenylphosphine(TPP) to obtain a compd. expressed by formula III, allowing the obtd. compd. to react with Grignard reagent to obtain a compd. expressed by formula IV (R is same as R 3 ), allowing the obtd. compd. to react with TPP in the presence of a palladium acetate catalyst and a tertiary org. amine, and then finally treating the obtd. product with NaOH. 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO
The new stripe rust resistance gene Yr4EL in tetraploid Th. elongatum was identified and transferred into common wheat via 4EL translocation lines. Tetraploid Thinopyrum elongatum is a valuable genetic resource for improving the resistance of wheat to diseases such as stripe rust, powdery mildew, and Fusarium head blight. We previously reported that chromosome 4E of the 4E (4D) substitution line carries all-stage stripe rust resistance genes. To optimize the utility of these genes in wheat breeding programs, we developed translocation lines by inducing chromosomal structural changes through 60Co-γ irradiation and developing monosomic substitution lines. In total, 53 plants with different 4E chromosomal structural changes were identified. Three homozygous translocation lines (T4DS·4EL, T5AL·4EL, and T3BL·4EL) and an addition translocation line (T5DS·4EL) were confirmed by the genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), FISH-painting, and wheat 55 K SNP array analyses. These four translocation lines, which contained chromosome arm 4EL, exhibited high stripe rust resistance. Thus, a resistance gene (tentatively named Yr4EL) was localized to the chromosome arm 4EL of tetraploid Th. elongatum. For the application of marker-assisted selection (MAS), 32 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed, showing specific amplification on the chromosome arm 4EL and co-segregation with Yr4EL. Furthermore, the 4DS·4EL line could be selected as a good pre-breeding line that better agronomic traits than other translocation lines. We transferred Yr4EL into three wheat cultivars SM482, CM42, and SM51, and their progenies were all resistant to stripe rust, which can be used in future wheat resistance breeding programs.
Although HIV disease can be medically well-managed, the chronicity of the disease nevertheless takes a toll on persistent inflammation, comorbid medical and mental health conditions, and poor psychosocial functioning. Therefore, it is necessary to identify barriers to optimal health-related outcomes and quality of life. One such barrier may be alexithymia, which is poor internal emotional awareness that is elevated in the context of many chronic conditions, including HIV. Subsequent persistent dysregulation of negative emotional states and stress has been linked to worse HIV disease progression and management, and poor psychosocial functioning. The present study will evaluate whether treatment with cannabidiol (CBD) will reduce or compensate for elevated alexithymia among people living with HIV (PLWH), and whether targeting alexithymia with CBD treatment twill be associated with improved health-related outcomes in this population. Prior studies suggest that alexithymia can indeed be improved with behavioral intervention, with subsequent benefits for health outcomes. Limited evidence is available for pharmacological intervention. CBD may be a useful therapeutic tool due to its proposed role in enhancing circulating anandamide (AEA), an endogenous cannabinoid associated with social-emotional benefits.

The proposed study is a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of CBD for alexithymia and health-related outcomes. The study will enroll 15 HIV+ individuals in each treatment arm (drug vs placebo), and participants will be eligible for the study if they screen positive for elevated alexithymia and are not current cannabis users. They will be evaluated at two time points, five weeks apart, to compare the study outcomes pre- and post-treatment. For one week they will titrate up to the maintenance dose of 600 mg/day of Purysis, a synthetic, liquid form of CBD, which they will continue for 4 weeks. Upon completion of the 4-week trial, they will be re-assessed, followed by one week of titrating down to discontinuation. The pre- and post-treatment assessments will measure alexithymia and health-related outcomes, and samples will be collected (i.e., plasma, cerebrospinal fluid) to measure central and peripheral levels of AEA.

With this approach the investigators will test our hypothesis that treatment with CBD will decrease alexithymia, which will be associated with better organic disease outcomes (e.g., lower inflammation), reduced physical and mental health symptom reporting, and improvement in maladaptive behaviors (e.g., psychosocial functioning). The investigators will also determine whether AEA is indeed associated with alexithymia, and investigate the possibility that CBD reduces alexithymia via increasing circulating AEA.
Participants randomized to this group will receive 60 regular Tampax tampons and will be instructed to use them each time they run over a 12-week period. The tampon should be used only while running and removed and discarded when the training is over.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a medical adhesive composition which is well-balanced between adhesive and cohesive strengths and less irritating the skin; and transdermal-absorptive formulations or cosmetic sheets using the same.  <P>SOLUTION: The adhesive composition comprises 100 pts.wt. of an acrylic copolymer containing (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylic hydroxy ethyl, and vinylpyrrolidone as essential ingredients and 20 to 50 pts.wt. of a plasticizer. The adhesive sheet for medical and cosmetic has an adhesive layer comprising the adhesive composition and dermatologically valuable materials such as on one face of a support, medicines, cosmetic materials.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
PURPOSE:To obtain human antibody, by using hybrid cell obtained by the cell fusion of a cell strain which is a tumorified human B cell having immunoglobulin at the cell surface with a uncancerated cells capable of producing human antibody. CONSTITUTION:An immunoglobulin originated from uncancerated cells capable of producing antibody, is prepared by using a hybrid cell strain obtained by the cell fusion of (A) a cell strain which is a tumorified human B cell having immunoglobulin at the cell surface [B cell strain (e.g. ATCC CRL 8118, etc.) obtained by the long-term cultivation of peripheral blood lymphocyte, etc.] and (B) an uncancerated cell capable of producing human antibody (e.g. peripheral blood lymphocyte, lymph node, etc.). The average number of the chromosomes of the B cell strain preferably coincides with that of the normal human diploid, i.e. 46 or falls within the range of 40-50. By the use of B cell strain, the cytotoxicity caused by the contact with 45% polyethylene glycol solution for about 10min can be remarkably decreased and the proliferation of the hybrid cell can be carried out easily.
BACKGROUND: Given the low incidence of patients with advanced chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), comprehensive clinical characteristics and outcomes of cohort studies of patients diagnosed with blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia (BP-CML) are limited. We examined the clinical features of blast phase CML, including the TKI selection, treatment response, and whether they have had hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or not.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study, including BP-CML patients diagnosed in our center from January 2013 to December 2022. Clinical features, treatment therapy, and overall survival (OS) were investigated.
RESULTS: Out of the 11 patients, 2 were myeloid type, eight patients were B-lymphoid, and one was T-lymphoid. Four patients suffered from chromosome abnormalities. Four patients were identified with BCR-ABL1 kinase domain mutation, including T315I, E255K, M244v, and E279K. The overall CR, CRi, PR, and MLFS rates were 9%, 54%, 27%, and 9%, respectively. The median follow-up was 21 months (9.5 - 33 months). At the end of the follow-up time, seven patients died. CML patients with lymphoids tended to get a better OS than patients with a type of myeloid, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Patients who received HSCT had an improved OS by two years compared to those who had not received HSCT.
CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of BP-CML patients was poor. Given the rarity of BP-CML and the limitation of clinical trial data, large-scale multi-center prospective studies are urgently needed to confirm and improve the treatment of patients with BP-CML in the future.
PURPOSE: Incorporating coronary CT angiographic (CCTA) imaging into emergency department (ED) workflows has been limited by the need for 24/7 real-time postprocessing. The aim of this study was to determine whether interpretation of transaxial CCTA images alone (limited axial interpretation [LI]) is noninferior to interpretation of combined transaxial and multiplanar reformation images (full interpretation [FI]) in assessing patients with acute chest pain in the ED.
METHODS: CCTA examinations from 74 patients were evaluated by two radiologists, one without dedicated CCTA training and one with basic CCTA experience. Each examination was evaluated three times in separate sessions, once by LI and twice by FI, in random order. Nineteen coronary artery segments were rated as having significant stenoses (≥50%) or not. Interreader agreement was assessed using Cohen's κ statistic. The primary analysis was whether the accuracy of LI for detecting significant stenosis was noninferior to that of FI at the patient level (margin = -10%). Secondary analyses included similar analyses of sensitivity and specificity, at both the patient and vessel levels.
RESULTS: Interreader agreement for significant stenosis was good for both LI and FI (κ = 0.72 vs 0.70, P = .74). Average accuracy for significant stenosis at the patient level was 90.5% for LI and 91.9% for FI, with a difference of -1.4%. The accuracy of LI was noninferior to FI, because the confidence interval did not include the noninferiority margin. Noninferiority was also found for patient-level sensitivity and for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity at the vessel level.
CONCLUSIONS: LI of the coronary arteries using transaxial CCTA images may be sufficient for the detection of significant coronary artery disease in the ED setting.
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) and Neurofeedback (NF) both rely on the technology to capture brain activity. However, the literature lacks a clear distinction between the two, with some scholars categorizing NF as a special case of BCI while others view BCI as a natural extension of NF, or classify them as fundamentally different entities. This ambiguity hinders the flow of information and expertise among scholars and can cause confusion. To address this issue, we conducted a study comparing BCI and NF from two perspectives: the background and context within which BCI and NF developed, and their system design. We utilized Functional Flow Block Diagram (FFBD) as a system modelling approach to visualize inputs, functions, and outputs to compare BCI and NF at a conceptual level. Our analysis revealed that while NF is a subset of the biofeedback method that requires data from the brain to be extracted and processed, the device performing these tasks is a BCI system by definition. Therefore, we conclude that NF should be considered a specific application of BCI technology. By clarifying the relationship between BCI and NF, we hope to facilitate better communication and collaboration among scholars in these fields.
Cardio-oncology, a burgeoning subspecialty, addresses the complex interplay between cardiology and oncology, particularly in light of increased cardiovascular (CV) disease mortality in cancer patients. This review provides a comprehensive overview of cardio-oncology with a focus on the therapies used in hematological malignancies. We explore the bidirectional relationship between heart failure and cancer, emphasizing the need for collaborative care. The review discusses risk stratification, highlighting the importance of baseline CV risk assessment and personalized surveillance regimens. Primary and secondary prevention strategies, including pharmacological interventions, are outlined. The review also delves into the cardiotoxicity associated with hematological cancer therapies, focusing on anthracyclines, Bruton kinase inhibitors, BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, multiple myeloma treatments, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We then highlight the high risk of venous and arterial thromboembolisms in cancer patients and the challenges of anticoagulation management in cardio-oncology. Finally, the review touches on the importance of long-term follow-up and appropriate screening in cancer survivors at high risk of CV morbidity and mortality, based on their CV risk profile and the type and dose of cardiotoxic therapies they received such as anthracyclines or high radiation doses.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain coated SiO2 particles having high UV absorbing or reflecting characteristic, transmitting visible light and suitable for use as a filler in an org. matrix material by coating spherical SiO2 particles with particles of oxide of a specified element. SOLUTION: Each of spherical Sin. particles having 5-500nm particle diameter is coated with metal oxide particles each having <60nm particle diameter to obtain the objective coated SiO2 particles. The metal oxide is preferably TiO2 , Fe2 O3 , ZrO2 or a mixture of these metal oxides. The metal oxide content of the coated SiO2 particles is preferably 20-75wt.%.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the perioperative and long-term functional outcomes of laparoscopic (LPN) and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) in comparison to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) in obese patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma.
METHODS: Clinical data of 4325 consecutive patients from The Italian REgistry of COnservative and Radical Surgery for cortical renal tumor Disease (RECORD 2 Project) were gathered. Only patients treated with transperitoneal LPN, RAPN, or LRN with Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, clinical T1 renal tumor and preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min, were included. Perioperative, and long-term functional outcomes were examined.
RESULTS: Overall, 388 patients were included, of these 123 (31.7%), 120 (30.9%) and 145 (37.4%) patients were treated with LRN, LPN, and RAPN, respectively. No significant difference was observed in preoperative characteristics. Overall, intra and postoperative complication rates were comparable among the groups. The LRN group had a significantly increased occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared to LPN and RAPN (40.6% vs. 15.3% vs. 7.6%, P=0.001). Laparoscopic RN showed a statistically significant higher renal function decline at 60-month follow-up assessment compared to LPN and RAPN. A significant renal function loss was recorded in 30.1% of patients treated with LRN compared to 16.7% and 10.3% of patients treated with LPN and RAPN (P=0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: In obese patients, both LPN and RAPN showcased comparable complication rates and higher renal function preservation than LRN. These findings highlighted the potential benefits of minimally invasive PN over radical surgery in the context of obese individuals.
The invention relates to a manufacturing apparatus for photo-energized water, and more particularly comprises a light emitting device and a container disposed below the light emitting device. The light emitting device is composed of one or more different colors light emitting units and each light emitting unit emits lights with different wavelengths. Therefore, the light emitting device irradiates the water in the container so that the water absorbs the energy of the light wave energy. After absorbing energy from the lights, the water molecule generates a predetermined vibration energy. After people drink the water, human organ cells absorb the energy where the organs have matching bio-wavelengths with the lights. Therefore, bio-wavelengths of human organ cells can be modulate, cancel or resonate to activate the human organ cells to further improve body conditions and keep health.
This study will be conducted in three phases. The initial phase, 1a, will enroll up to 12 subjects and include a total of one dose escalation per patient. Once pre-defined criteria for starting phase 1b monotherapy has been met among the enrolled patients in phase 1a, the next phase of the study will be initiated. Phase 1b monotherapy will enroll up to 30 patients in a 3+3 design with interpatient dose escalations. All dose escalation decisions will be made by a safety review committee that will meet regularly during the study conduct. When the MTD has been established, the SRC will provide a RP2D for monotherapy. Phase 1b combination constitutes an interpatient dose escalation to identify the RP2D for MIV-818 when used in combination with 1) lenvatinib and 2) pembrolizumab therapy. This part of the study will enroll up to 36 patients in a 3+3 design with interpatient dose escalations. Safety review will be performed by the SRC to determine the RP2D of MIV 818 for use in combination with lenvatinib and pembrolizumab. The SRC may recommend that the selected dose of MIV-818 is further evaluated in up to 30 patients in the Phase 2a expansion part of the study.
Participants will receive weekly tips and weekly feedback for months 1-6 and will be observed without intervention in Phase II (months 7-12). The weekly feedback will pertain to whether or not the participant met his/her goal of weighing at least 6/7 days. The weekly tips will give information and suggestions on how to make it easier to weigh-in most days of the week. No financial incentive other than for the midpoint and end of study surveys will be given.
Two hundred (200) subjects of which about 50 subjects in each of the four mental illnesses will be initially drug naïve (i.e. currently not taking psychotropic drugs) at the beginning of the study and continue to be drug naïve until the end of the study (6 months) as they receive counseling for their mental illness.
The study group received antipsychotic drugs Clozapine combined with Computerized Cognitive Remediation Therapy for 4 times/week for 45 minutes each time. For a total of 12 weeks. Clozapine, dosage, dosage form, and frequency :300\~600 mg/d; po; duration: 12 week.
Preparations are disclosed containing the 3R-3'R stereoisomer of zeaxanthin as a sole detectable isomer, packaged for oral ingestion by humans as a therapeutic drug or nutritional supplement. Zeaxanthin is a yellow carotenoid pigment found in the macula (in the center of the human retina), which helps protect retinal cells against phototoxic damage. The pure R-R stereoisomer can be prepared by fermenting cells, such as Flavobacterium multivorum (ATCC 55238), which do not create any detectable quantity of the undesired and potentially toxic S-S or S-R isomers, and which do not synthesize any other carotenoids. The R-R isomer can be concentrated, in large quantities and at low cost, into a viscous oily fluid containing about 5 to 20% zeaxanthin, by means of a simple solvent extraction process. This oily fluid can be mixed with a carrier such as vegetable oil and enclosed within a digestible capsule, comparable to a conventional capsule containing Vitamin E. Alternately, a zeaxanthin fluid can be added to various types of foods, such as margarine, dairy products, syrup, cookie dough, and certain types of meat preparations which are not subjected to harsh cooking. Additional purification steps can also be used to purify zeaxanthin to a granular or powdered state which contains nearly pure zeaxanthin. Such processing can be used to create formulations such as ingestible tablets, and particulate formulations that can be added to soups, salads, drinks, or other foods. Preferred stabilizers and anti-oxidants are also disclosed herein. When consumed by humans in any of these modes, the purified R-R stereoisomer of zeaxanthin can help treat and prevent macular degeneration, one of the leading causes of blindness and vision loss, especially among the elderly.