anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
This was a prospective, randomized, crossover study to assess the tidal volume delivered using a standard and modified bag valve mask (BVM) device in a manikin airway model. Data was collected from July 2015 through October 2015 at the San Antonio Military Medical Center. Emergency medicine providers (physicians, physician assistants, residents, nurses, medics) were randomized to device order. Prior to participation each participant filled out a survey indicating their job status, gender, years of medical experience, and experience level with BVM ventilation. Hand grip strength and size (length, width, span) were measured. Each participant was then asked to provide BVM ventilation using the assigned devices at a rate of 10 breaths per minute for 3 minutes for a total of 30 breaths. Tidal volume of each delivered breath was recorded in milliliters. After a 3 minute rest period, testing was repeated with the second device. After ventilation with each device, participants completed an anonymous questionnaire that used a Likert scale to assess perceived qualities of the modified device including ease of use, ability to provide a superior mask seal, willingness to use in an emergency situation, and overall preference between the two devices. Each participant served as his/her own control.
Antihistamines are well-absorbed following oral administration. Chlorpheniramine maleate, clemastine fumarate, and diphenhydramine hydrochloride achieve peak blood levels within 2-5 hours following oral administration. The absorption of antihistamines is often partially delayed by the use of controlled release dosage forms. In these instances, plasma concentrations from identical doses of the immediate and controlled release dosage forms will not be similar. Tissue distribution of the antihistamines in humans has not been established.

Antihistamines appear to be metabolized in the liver chiefly via mono- and didemethylation and glucuronide conjugation. Antihistamine metabolites and small amounts of unchanged drug are excreted in the urine. Small amounts of the drugs may also be excreted in breast milk.

In normal human subjects who received histamine injections over a 24-hour period, the antihistaminic activity of clemastine fumarate reached a peak at 5-7 hours, persisted for 10-12 hours and, in some cases, for as long as 24 hours. Pharmacokinetic studies in man utilizing 3H and 14C labeled compound demonstrates that: clemastine fumarate is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, peak plasma concentrations are attained in 2-4 hours, and urinary excretion is the major mode of elimination.
Introduction: Obesity in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may worsen their prognosis. Bariatric surgery in these patients can be associated with complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemic episodes. Closed-loop insulin delivery could be a solution to avoid them. Case Report: A 45-year-old woman with T1D and obesity (body mass index of 38.4 kg/m2) was included in our preoperative course of bariatric surgery. Three months before surgery, a closed-loop insulin delivery was instituted due to one prior severe hypoglycemia. Patient did not have immediate or late postoperative hypoglycemia despite consuming a weak amount of carbohydrate. Three months after surgery glycemic control was on target with 86% of time in range 70-180 mg/dL and no time below 70 mg/dL. Conclusion: This case report shows that the use of a closed-loop insulin delivery made it possible to perform bariatric surgery in complete safety for our patient.
Participants are invited to use a version of the app for 21 days. Participants receive the Thoughts app module, but do not attend coaching calls.
Defects in mitochondrial β-oxidation and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) oxidation are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other conditions such as Huntington's disease and maple syrup urine disease. Because of these defective mitochondrial pathways, production of TCA cycle intermediates can be limited and obesity worsen the condition of the disease. Interestingly, supplying precursors for the TCA cycle such as propionyl CoA can promote anaplerosis through a pathway that is independent of the defective pathway. Therefore, we hypothesize that providing oral isoleucine, a branched-chain amino acid, which is commonly used for other conditions, will promote anaplerosis by supplying the precursor, propionyl CoA for the TCA cycle intermediate succinyl CoA to muscle of T2D patients. This innovative approach is intended to improve TCA function and insulin resistance in obese T2D and could serve as a model for other nutritional interventions.

Diabetes is a growing problem worldwide and has lead to 1.5 million deaths in 2012 and it's prevalence has increased to 9% in 2014, most like related to the steep increase in obesity rates. Research has shown that a combination of increased acetyl-carnitine and reduced propionyl- and isovaleryl-carnitine and elevated blood BCAA in T2D suggests reduced BCAA oxidation to propionyl-CoA, which can cause TCA cycle a malfunction. During homeostasis, transamination of valine and isoleucine leads to α-keto-isovalerate (KIV) and α-keto-methylvalerate (KMV) production, which can be further converted to propionyl CoA and the TCA cycle intermediate succinyl-CoA. Therefore, increased valine and isoleucine transamination can promote anaplerosis and stimulate mitochondrial energetic flux. Because of this, we believe that there is a critical need to identify therapies that can be used to restore TCA function in obese T2D.

Furthermore, Type 2 diabetes causes and contributes to a variety of central nervous system (CNS) complications. CNS complications with type 2 diabetes include cognitive and motor dysfunction. There have been a number of studies investigating the association between diabetes and cognitive decline indicating deficits in psychomotor speed, executive function, memory, and attention. Research has also indicated motor deficits with complex motor skills, motor coordination, balance, and muscle strength in type 2 diabetics. However, the majority of research investigating motor dysfunction in type 2 diabetes has focused on lower body dysfunction (balance/gait) and muscular strength (grip) using gross motor control. It is not clear from the literature how type 2 diabetes influences upper body coordination and fine motor control. Chronic inflammatory states, such as obesity, congestive heart failure, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease are also linked to changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) mitochondrial respiration values\]. PBMC isolation is a non-invasive way to measure mitochondrial function through high-resolution respirometry.
The second part will involve distributing 132,000 electronic questionnaires to community health service centers through convenient sampling. This method will allow us to obtain a large volume of questionnaire data more conveniently, thereby enhancing our investigation and analysis of chronic rhinitis. Each of the six centers will need to complete 22,000 online questionnaires.
Manual microscopy of Gram stains from positive blood cultures (PBCs) is crucial for diagnosing bloodstream infections but remains labor intensive, time consuming, and subjective. This study aimed to evaluate a scan and analysis system that combines fully automated digital microscopy with deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to assist the interpretation of Gram stains from PBCs for routine laboratory use. The CNN was trained to classify images of Gram stains based on staining and morphology into seven different classes: background/false-positive, Gram-positive cocci in clusters (GPCCL), Gram-positive cocci in pairs (GPCP), Gram-positive cocci in chains (GPCC), rod-shaped bacilli (RSB), yeasts, and polymicrobial specimens. A total of 1,555 Gram-stained slides of PBCs were scanned, pre-classified, and reviewed by medical professionals. The results of assisted Gram stain interpretation were compared to those of manual microscopy and cultural species identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The comparison of assisted Gram stain interpretation and manual microscopy yielded positive/negative percent agreement values of 95.8%/98.0% (GPCCL), 87.6%/99.3% (GPCP/GPCC), 97.4%/97.8% (RSB), 83.3%/99.3% (yeasts), and 87.0%/98.5% (negative/false positive). The assisted Gram stain interpretation, when compared to MALDI-TOF MS species identification, also yielded similar results. During the analytical performance study, assisted interpretation showed excellent reproducibility and repeatability. Any microorganism in PBCs should be detectable at the determined limit of detection of 105 CFU/mL. Although the CNN-based interpretation of Gram stains from PBCs is not yet ready for clinical implementation, it has potential for future integration and advancement.
Various embodiments provide methods, systems, apparatuses, computer program products, and/or the like for electroporation and cargo loading (e.g., transfection) of EVs and exosomes on a sub-cellular scale. In particular, various embodiments involve the use of droplets that contain EVs/exosomes as well as biomolecular cargo to be loaded into the EVs/exosomes. In various embodiments, the droplets are formed to include the EVs/exosomes and the biomolecular cargo. The droplets are then flowed through a microfluidic channel, which is adjacent and/or interfacing with electrodes configured to generate a uniformly distributed electric potential across the microfluidic channel. The electrodes are specifically configured to cause electric current to affect multiple droplets positioned within the microfluidic channel, such that multiple droplets and their contents may be electroporated at substantially the same time. The droplets may accordingly flow through the microfluidic channel for electroporation.
OCAT-sham: An active placebo training, consisting of 10 sessions of ±12 minutes each (during an intervention period of two weeks), will be administered. The training task is an undirected Scrambled Sentences Test (SST) with mouse-gaze contingent feedback.
Reduced hemispheric asymmetries, as well as their behavioral manifestation in the form of atypical handedness (i.e., non-right, left-, or mixed-handedness), are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, and several psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. One neurodevelopmental disorder that is associated with reduced hemispheric asymmetries, but for which findings on behavioral laterality are conflicting, is stuttering. Here, we report a series of meta-analyses of studies that report handedness (assessed as hand preference) levels in individuals who stutter (otherwise healthy) compared to controls. For this purpose, articles were identified via a search in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycInfo (13 June 2023). On the basis of k = 52 identified studies totaling n = 2590 individuals who stutter and n = 17,148 controls, five random effects meta-analyses were conducted: four using the odds ratio [left-handers (forced choice); left-handers (extreme); mixed-handers; non-right-handers vs. total)] and one using the standardized difference in means as the effect size. We did not find evidence of a left (extreme)- or mixed-handedness difference or a difference in mean handedness scores, but evidence did emerge, when it came to left-handedness (forced-choice) and (inconclusively for) non-right-handedness. Risk-of-bias analysis was not deemed necessary in the context of these meta-analyses. Differences in hand skill or strength of handedness could not be assessed as no pertinent studies were located. Severity of stuttering could not be used s a moderator, as too few studies broke down their data according to severity. Our findings do not allow for firm conclusions to be drawn on whether stuttering is associated with reduced hemispheric asymmetries, at least when it comes to their behavioral manifestation.
Participants randomized to the control group will wear for two 60-minute sessions (morning and afternoon) customized dim-red light (RL) control Re-Timer® light glasses (wavelength peak at 632nm, light intensity \< 3 lux). Participants will be instructed to wear the light glasses in habitual indoor environments, without engaging in strenuous activities. Throughout the intervention, participants will keep a diary to monitor daily use of the glasses. Participants will have weekly phone calls with the research team to encourage compliance and monitor potential side effects.
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been employed as a therapy against both acute and chronic skin lesions, contaminated or not, and has effects on angiogenesis and reepithelialization promoting healing. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a CAP jet associated with pharmacological treatment described by the 2015 AAHA/AAFP pain management guidelines and the 2022 WSAVA guidelines for the recognition, assessment, and treatment of pain, on the healing of chronic skin lesions caused by a pruritic reaction resulting from post-surgical neuropathic pain. To this end, a single CAP application was performed on a feline patient with a 6 months old recurrent contaminated cervical skin lesions along with administration of ketamine (10 µg/kg/min) following the prescription of prednisone (1 mg/kg, SID, 6 days), gabapentin (8 mg/kg, BID, 60 days) and amitriptyline (0.5 mg /kg, SID, 60 days). A single application of plasma associated with an NMDA antagonist, anti-inflammatory steroid, tricyclic antidepressant and gabapentinoid thus provided a significant improvement in the macroscopic appearance of the lesion within 10 days, and the owner reported the cessation of intense itching within the first four hours after treatment and a consequent improvement in the animal's quality of life. The medical treatment was finished almost a year since the writing of this paper, without clinical or reported recurrent signs of the condition. Therefore, we observed that single dose CAP application associated with ketamine, gabapentin, amitriptyline and prednisone leads to significant healing of chronically infected skin lesions resulting from post-surgical neuropathic pain.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) imposes a major burden on affected individuals, their caregivers and health-care systems alike. Though quite many risk factors for disease progression have been identified, there is a lack of prospective studies investigating the interplay and predictive value of a wide variety of patient variables associated with cognitive deterioration (defined as key feature of AD progression). Study participants were patients with probable and possible AD, that were assessed at four time points over a period of two years (T1-T4). The main results were threefold: (i) over time, significant changes were observed regarding patients' cognitive functioning, activities of daily living and caregiver load (but not depression, pain, neuropsychiatric symptoms); (ii) intercorrelations between caregiver load and patients' cognitive and functional variables were high, correlation patterns remaining rather stable across time; (iii) cognitive functioning at T4 was best predicted by patients' age, sex, atrial fibrillation and activities of daily living at T1; and (iv) across all four assessment points, cognitive functioning was best predicted by time (i.e., disease duration), age, sex, activities of daily living and depression. Overall, even in early stages of AD and during a short two-year period, functional changes were significant and tightly intertwined with caregiver load, thus stressing the need to consider caregiver load when diagnosing and treating patients with AD. A novel and clinically relevant finding is that even in early stages of AD, cognitive deterioration was best predicted by a combination of patients' demographic, somatic and functional variables.
A cohort of 160 women will be enrolled from the control clinics, from 28 weeks gestation onward. At these sites, the antenatal zidovudine will be offered, with provision of single-dose nevirapine for self-administration in labor. This practice is in accordance with the current standard of care recommended by the Zambian National Guidelines for PMTCT.
This is a proof-of-concept, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-way, complete crossover William's design, multiple dose study to investigate the efficacy, PK, safety, and tolerability of 2 dose levels of AZD8871 and placebo, administered using a dry powder inhaler (DPI) device once daily, for 2 weeks, in patients with moderate to severe COPD. AZD8871 is a new chemical entity with the combined properties of a LAMA and a LABA in a single molecule. AZD8871 is being developed as an inhaled long-acting bronchodilator for the maintenance treatment of COPD.

The objective of the study is to assess the efficacy, safety and PK of AZD8871 after a 14-day treatment period at 2 different doses in patients with moderate to severe COPD. The target population includes male and female (non-childbearing potential) adult patients with clinical diagnosis of moderate to severe COPD. The crossover design has been chosen to avoid inter-patient variability and optimize sample size. By randomly assigning treatment sequence, differences in baseline characteristics of the treatment groups will be minimised. The inclusion of a placebo arm is considered the most reliable method to minimise patient and Investigator bias. The proposed dose levels of AZD8871 in this study are 100 and 600 µg of AZD8871 given by inhalation once daily for 14 days through a single dose DPI. Doses have been selected based on the safety, tolerability, PK and pharmacodynamics (PD) information generated in previous clinical trials with AZD8871. The wash-out period proposed for this current study is a minimum of 28 days and up to 35 days in order to avoid any carry over effect between periods. The broad dose range selected (6 fold range from 100 to 600 µg) has been chosen to span the likely therapeutic dose and facilitate the dose selection for future studies. Considering the expected efficacy in patients with COPD and the available data to date, it is anticipated the benefits will outweigh the risks and support the continued investigation of AZD8871 in clinical studies.
Acute bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization among infants in Finland, with its primary etiology being the RS- virus. Acute bronchiolitis is defined in Finland as an infant's first respiratory distress before the age of 1. There is no effective pharmacological treatment for acute bronchiolitis. High-flow nasal cannula therapy has been shown in large randomized trials to reduce the risk of intensive care unit admission for children. High-flow nasal cannulas are typically used at a flow rate of 2 liters per kilogram per minute. Despite widespread use, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether high-flow therapy should be discontinued abruptly or gradually tapered. Observational studies indicate that the majority of units opt for abrupt discontinuation. Common criteria for discontinuation include weaning off supplemental oxygen and maintaining normal oxygenation on room air for 4-6 hours. Gradual weaning has been shown in observational studies to prolong hospitalization compared to immediate cessation of therapy. In a randomized controlled trial conducted in a pediatric intensive care unit, direct discontinuation shortened the duration of treatment by up to two days. However, there have been no previous randomized trials conducted on bronchiolitis patients.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a devastating inherited hemoglobin disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of pain and chronic hemolytic anemia. Chronic anemia contributes to multi-organ damage and decreased life expectancy in SCD. However, there are limited treatment options for anemia in SCD. Erythropoietin (EPO) is the standard of care for treatment of anemia related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is also used ad hoc in patients with SCD. However, there is limited data on the safety and efficacy of EPO in patients with SCD, especially in combination with hydroxyurea. Therefore, this study aims to treat patients on stable hydroxyurea therapy with subcutaneous EPO, with the goal of assessing the safety of EPO therapy and its effect on chronic anemia in SCD.

(Note: Outcome measure changes were in place prior to study initiation.)
The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating the qi-yin deficiency type chronic fatigue syndrome. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is characterized by being prepared from, by weight, 50-60 parts of rhizomes or all-grass of potentilla reptans L., 10-15 parts of coronate paraphlomis herb, 12-15 parts of fomitopsis ulmaria(SOW.ex Fr.)Bond.et Sing.[Fomes ulmarius(Fr.)Gill.], 15-20 parts of unpleasant swallowwort herb, 6-10 parts of diversifolious physaliastrum roots, 12-15 parts of conical silene herb, 12-15 parts of dwarf lilyturf roots, 15-20 parts of ladybell roots, 20-25 parts of all-grass of paraphlomis rugosa Benth. var. coronata (Van.) C. Y. Wu, 20-30 parts of blighted wheat, 6-9 parts of fruits or roots or stems of schisandra henryi Clarke var. yunnanensis A. C. Smith, 10-15 parts of burdock stem leaves, 50-60 parts of sericeous cinquefoil roots, 12-15 parts of rhizomes of smilaxperfoliata Lour and 3-6 parts of licorice roots. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is high in effective rate, reliable in treatment effect and capable of avoiding relapse after a patient is cured when used for treating the qi-yin deficiency type chronic fatigue syndrome.
The treatment of excessive anticoagulation is based on the level of the INR, the presence or absence of bleeding, and clinical circumstances. Reversal of JANTOVEN anticoagulation may be obtained by discontinuing JANTOVEN therapy and, if necessary, by administration of oral or parenteral vitamin K1.

The use of vitamin K1 reduces response to subsequent JANTOVEN therapy and patients may return to a pretreatment thrombotic status following the rapid reversal of a prolonged INR. Resumption of JANTOVEN administration reverses the effect of vitamin K, and a therapeutic INR can again be obtained by careful dosage adjustment. If rapid re-anticoagulation is indicated, heparin may be preferable for initial therapy.

Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC), fresh frozen plasma, or activated Factor VII treatment may be considered if the requirement to reverse the effects of JANTOVEN is urgent. A risk of hepatitis and other viral diseases is associated with the use of blood products; PCC and activated Factor VII are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. Therefore, these preparations should be used only in exceptional or life-threatening bleeding episodes secondary to JANTOVEN overdosage.
The continuation of bone-modifying agents (BMAs) in patients with established medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a common concern among dentists and oncologists. There is little evidence supporting or refuting the continued use of BMAs or drug holidays and their impact on established MRONJ. This paper evaluates the outcome of continued BMAs use on the patient's MRONJ status. A retrospective review of 29 oncology patients undergoing active cancer care for either metastatic disease or multiple myeloma was conducted. Data on demographics, oncological status, BMA history and MRONJ status were collected. In total, 90% of patients were judged to have healed or stable MRONJ while continuing BMAs. Most patients (69%) continued the same BMA regime (three- or four-weekly) that they were on before developing MRONJ. The average number of BMAs doses received after an MRONJ diagnosis was 12 (range 1-48). Three patients (10.3%) were found to have MRONJ progression, with two patients developing new sites of necrosis. This real-world dataset suggests that the majority of MRONJ cases remain stable and will not worsen with the continuation of BMAs.