anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Absorption: Desmopressin acetate is absorbed through the nasal mucosa. 

Elimination: Desmopressin acetate exhibits a biphasic elimination profile, with half-lives of 7.8 and 75.5 minutes for the initial and terminal phases, respectively. 

Specific Populations

Renal Impairment: Desmopressin acetate is mainly excreted in the urine. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted in subjects with normal renal function and patients with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment (n=24, 6 subjects each group) with a single 2 mcg dose of desmopressin acetate injection (this results in approximately 20 times the exposure of 10 mcg of desmopressin nasal spray). The terminal half-life was 2.8 hours in subjects with normal renal function, 4.0 hours in mild renal impairment, 6.6 hours in moderate renal impairment and 8.7 hours in severe renal impairment. In patients with mild, moderate and severe renal impairment, mean desmopressin exposure was 1.5 fold, 2.4 fold and 3.6 fold higher, respectively compared to that of subjects with normal renal function [see Contraindications (4), Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
This powder, with an age-old formula, closely guarded by Buddhists and made purely from the natural plants with no side effects for human bodies. It aims at the treatment of the internal illness by the external means and the treatment of the illness of the upper body through the lower part of the body.   The formula includes Ginseng, Pseudo-Ginseng, Sparganium, Zedoary, Motherwort, Mahonia leaf etc. more than 30 types of Chinese Herbal medicine.  The main function is to enrich Qi and nourish blood and improve blood circulation.      Use it to wash your feet. It is good to improve his health, enhance immunity and prolong his life.
FIELD: chemical-pharmaceutical industry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to application of the early known methylmethioninesulfonium diaquatrichlorocuprate of the formula (I). Compound shows positive effect on liver and decreases activity of aspartic acid aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin content in animal damaged liver (by 12.12; 32.24 and 52.62%, respectively) and increases total protein level in blood serum by 8.15%. Agent improves result of colloidal-precipitating reaction. Agent can be used as medicinal drug for recovery of morphofunctional liver state, its protein-synthetic and detoxicating functions. Agent shows low toxicity, its LD= 850 mg/kg at intraperitoneal administration to white mice. EFFECT: low toxicity, broad spectrum of therapeutic action, hepatotropic action.
Symptomatic women with angina are more likely to have ischemia with no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) compared to men. In both men and women, the finding of INOCA is not benign and is associated with adverse cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, heart failure and angina hospitalizations. Women with INOCA have more angina and a lower quality of life compared to men, but they are often falsely reassured because of a lack of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and a perception of low risk. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a key pathophysiologic contributor to INOCA, and non-invasive imaging methods are used to detect impaired microvascular flow. Coronary vasospasm is another mechanism of INOCA, and can co-exist with CMD, but usually requires invasive coronary function testing (CFT) with provocation testing for a definitive diagnosis. In addition to traditional heart disease risk factors, inflammatory, hormonal and psychological risk factors that impact microvascular tone are implicated in INOCA. Treatment of risk factors and use of anti-atherosclerotic and anti-anginal medications offer benefit. Increasing awareness and early referral to specialized centers that focus on INOCA management can improve patient-oriented outcomes. However, large, randomized treatment trials to investigate the impact on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) are needed. In this focused review, we discuss the prevalence, pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis and treatment of INOCA.
The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has made extraordinary achievements in tumor treatment. Among them, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors can improve the prognosis of advanced tumors, and have been widely used in clinical practice to treat many types of cancers. However, excessive immune response can also induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs) involving many organs. Of these, immune-related liver injury is the relatively common and carries the highest morbidity, which has attracted the attention of hepatologists all over the world. The incidence of this type of liver injury depends specifically on factors such as the type of drug being combined, viral infection, type of cancer and liver transplantation. Although there is no unanimity on the mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced liver injury, in this review, we also summarize the current evidence that provides insights into the pathogenesis of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced liver injury, including the fact that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors cause reactivation of CTLs, aberrant presentation of autoantigens, hepatic immune tolerance environment is disrupted, and cytokine secretion, among other effects. Patients usually develop liver injury after the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, and clinical symptoms mainly include weakness, muscle pain, nausea and vomiting, and jaundice. Histologically, the main manifestation is lobular hepatitis with lobular inflammatory infiltration. Since the specific biomarkers for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-associated liver injury have not been identified yet, alpha-fetoprotein, IL-6, and IL-33 have the potential to be biomarkers for predicting this type of liver injury in the future, but this requires further research. We also describe the examination and treatment of this type of liver injury, which usually includes eliminating related influencing factors, regularly monitoring liver function, temporarily retaining or permanently stopping ICIs treatment according to the severity of toxicity, and using corticosteroids. This review may provide useful information for the future clinical practice of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
The present invention discloses a method for cleaning and whitening teeth by lasers. The method mainly comprises the steps: covering bleaching glue on the surface of the teeth and irradiating the teeth covered with the bleaching glue by lasers. The bleaching glue comprises the ingredients by volume percent: 40% to 60% of inert silicide, 0.1% to 0.5% of red light complementing indicator, a proper amount of sodium hydroxide causing the pH value of the bleaching glue to be 8 to 11, and a hydrogen peroxide solution with the concentration of 30% to 50% as the rest. The preparation method of the bleaching glue comprises the steps that the water solution of the indicator is uniformly stirred with the inert silicide and the mixture is dried to form granules; the sodium hydroxide is added into the hydrogen peroxide solution; the mixed solution is mixed with the inert silicide granules thoroughly colored to obtain the bleaching glue. The present invention uses a cheap semiconductor laser with the laser wavelength of 805 to 811 nanometers and directly uses circular laser spots output through semiconductor optical fiber coupling to irradiate a single tooth. The present invention has the advantages of high speed, easy operation and high efficiency.
Metformin will be initiated in a step-up fashion on cycle day 1-3 of spontaneously or induced menses. Extended release pills will be utilized as they are associated with fewer gastrointestinal side effects. Subjects will begin with one tablet of metformin every night for 5 days, eventually building up to 4 tablets every night, with the maximum dose of metformin being 2000 mg. Placebo pills will be administered to individuals randomized to metformin only in order to maintain study blinding.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The transition from compensated to decompensated cirrhosis is crucial, drastically reducing prognosis from a median survival of over 10 years to 2 years. There is currently an unmet need to accurately predict decompensation. We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed data regarding biomarker use to predict decompensation in individuals with compensated cirrhosis.
METHODS: PubMed and EMBASE database searches were conducted for all studies from inception until February 2024. The study was carried out according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The Quality of Prognosis Studies framework was used to assess the risk of bias. The meta-analysis was conducted with a random effects model using STATA software.
RESULTS: Of the 652 studies initially identified, 63 studies (n=31 438 patients) were included in the final review, examining 49 biomarkers. 25 studies (40%) were prospective with the majority of studies looking at all-cause decompensation (90%). The most well-studied biomarkers were platelets (n=17), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (n=17) and albumin (n=16). A meta-analysis revealed elevated international normalised ratio was the strongest predictor of decompensation, followed by decreased albumin. However, high statistical heterogeneity was noted (l2 result of 96.3%). Furthermore, 21 studies were assessed as having a low risk of bias (34%), 26 (41%) moderate risk and 16 (25%) high risk.
CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights key biomarkers that should potentially be incorporated into future scoring systems to predict decompensation. However, future biomarker studies should be conducted with rigorous and standardised methodology to ensure robust and comparable data.
Participants received SC injections of Dupilumab at a loading dose of 600 mg on Day 1, followed by 300 mg Q2W for 16 weeks and SCIT titrated up to 4000 BAU for 8 weeks followed by maintenance dose of 4000 BAU for following 8 weeks. Both SCIT and Dupilumab doses were administered with a gap of 1 or 7 days.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a very common skin disorder that is characterized by pruritic inflammatory skin lesions, with patients usually having an individual or family history of atopic diseases in their background (e.g., allergic asthma and rhinitis). Defective skin barrier, immunological dysfunctions (type I and IV allergy), genetic disorders, and psychological factors contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. However, among these factors, CD4+ Th cells are reported to play a particularly crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Phototherapy is among the first-line approaches in the management of AD. In this context, a variety of studies have shown a beneficial effect of natural or artificial UV radiation in AD. Different broadband (BB) UV spectra (BB-UVA, BB-UVB, BB-UVA/BB-UVB) and combined treatment modalities such as balneophototherapy and PUVA have previously been proven to be effective in AD. A small controlled study has previously demonstrated that the combination of UVB/UVA and saltwater baths is superior to phototherapy alone. Previous data from uncontrolled studies also speak for the effectiveness of systemic psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) therapy. A controlled crossover study has shown that systemic PUVA therapy is clearly superior to UVA1 phototherapy both in terms of clinical score (SCORAD) and reduction of response time. Systemic PUVA has in relation to bath PUVA significantly greater adverse effects (eg, nausea, liver enzyme elevation, photocarcinogenesis). A direct comparison between NB-UVB and bath PUVA has only been studied by a half-side comparison in a small number of patients. Both therapies were proved equally effective. In a recent study, it has been shown a clear advantage of NB-UVB plus salt water baths in comparison to NB-UVB alone. Tolerability was comparable; both treatments showed to be safe.

A randomized observer-blinded controlled crossover trial is conducted in which patients with AD receive a 4-week course of both NB-UVB and bath-PUVA or NB-UVB plus salt water baths. Clinical efficacy is assessed using the Six Area, Six Sign, Atopic Dermatitis (SASSAD) score and a visual analogue scale for pruritus. Assessment of health-related quality of life was performed using the Skindex-29. Moreover, immunohistochemical, RT-PCR and serological studies are planned.
A biodegradable particulate vector for transporting biologically active molecules is prepared containing a nucleus for containing a biologically active molecule, a first layer of fatty acid compounds covalently bonded to the nucleus and a second layer of phospholipids hydrophobically bonded to the first layer. The nucleus is between 10 nm and 10  mu m in size and is formed of a cross-linked polysaccharide or oligosaccharide matrix onto which ionic ligands are uniformly grafted. The cross-linked polysaccharide may be dextran, cellulose or starch cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. The ligand may be an acidic compound selected from succinic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid, or a basic compound such as choline, hydroxycholine, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol or 2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine fastened onto the matrix via the acidic compound. The polysaccharide or oligosaccharide may be co-cross-linked with a protein such as keratin/collagen or elastase. The vector may be prepared by reacting succinic acid monochloride in aqueous solution with a cross-linked polysaccharide or oligosaccharide matrix to graft succinic acid onto the matrix to form the nucleus, grinding the nucleus to a size between 10 nm and 10  mu m, drying the ground nucleus, coupling fatty acid compounds to the nucleus to form a first layer and hydrophobically bonding phospholipids to the first layer to form a second layer. The succinic acid monochloride is preferably prepared by reacting succinic acid dichloride with free succinic acid to form pure crystalline succinic acid monochloride.
PURPOSE:To make it possible to get rid of liq. sagging on the skin and greasiness and to obtain a clean feeling when used by compounding specified powder and surface active agent in an aerosol compsn. CONSTITUTION:A compsn. for an aerosol consisting of a water-contg. base liquid for the aerosol and an aerosol propellant which exhibits and adhesive characteristic in an ice-bound shape or a fallen-snow shape on a coating face when this compsn. is ejected and wherein one or more powders selected from the group consisting of starch, hydrophilic anhydrous silicate and crystalline cellulose and a surface active agent are compounded. As the surface active agent, no limitation exists and any surface active agent that can make a uniform emulsified state or dispersed state when the water-contg. base liquid and the propellant are shaked and mixed can be used. It is preferable that 0.1-30 pts.wt. above described powder and 0.1-5 pts.wt. surface active agent are compounded with 100 pts.wt. water-contg. base liquid.
An online prescreen will determine eligibility. Participants that 1) are under 18, 2) are not students currently enrolled at UW-Madison 3) have previous mediation experience 4) obtain a high PROMIS depression or anxiety score, or 5) have been diagnosed with one or more psychiatric disorders by a healthcare professional that will be listed in the pre-screen survey will be excluded.

Participants deemed eligible following prescreen will schedule a lab visit. At the beginning of the lab visit, participants will be provided a consent document and time to ask questions. After signing the consent form, researchers will place ECG leads and a respiration belt on participants, and then complete the baseline survey battery. Participants will then sit at rest for 5 minutes of baseline heart rate and respiration data collection. Next, participants will be randomly assigned in a counterbalanced order to nostril focus first or belly focus first and asked to follow a brief (\~5 minute) guided practice. After the practice, participants will complete a second battery of self-reports and then have a 10-minute period of rest/recovery. They will then complete the second practice (\~5 minutes) followed by a final survey. The entire session will take about an hour.
The invention comprises non-toxic, acidaddition salts of pyrrolidine bases of the formula <FORM:0915456/IV (b)/1> wherein X is aryl, furyl or thienyl, Y is hydrogen, aryl, furyl or thienyl and R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or alkyl radicals each containing at most 4 carbon atoms.  They may be prepared in any convenient manner and a process, which also comprises part of the invention, for the preparation of the pure salts comprises filtering a hot solution of a crude salt of the base with a strong mineral acid, making the filtrate alkaline to liberate the free base and reacting this with the desired acid to yield the desired salt.  The invention also comprises a method for the separation of the cis and trans isomers of the pyrrolidine bases of the above formula in which the salts of the invention are fractionally crystallized to yield salts of the required isomers. Examples of all the aspects of the invention are provided, salts with mineral acids and lactic, citric, tartaric, salicylic, acetic, formic, benzoic, succinic, ascorbic, gluconic and methanesulphonic acids being described or referred to. 2,5-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-pyrrolidine is prepared from benzalacetone and nitroethane by alkaline condensation at 80 DEG C. and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation.  2-Methyl-3,4-diphenylpyrrolidine is prepared by reacting a -phenylbenzalacetone with acetone cyanhydrin to give a ,b -diphenyl-laevulinic acid nitrile and then catalytically hydrogenating this, with concomitant ring-closure.ALSO:Pharmaceutical compositions comprise non-toxic, acid-addition salts of pyrrolidine bases of the formula <FORM:0915456/VI/1> (wherein X is aryl, furyl or thienyl, Y is hydrogen, aryl, furyl or thienyl and R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and are hydrogen atoms or alkyl radicals each containing at most four carbon atoms) and carriers or diluents therefor.  They may take the form of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, syrups, elixirs, drops, suppositories or injection solutions and may contain dispersing, sweetening, flavouring or buffering agents, and other therapeutic substances such as anti-histamines, barbiturates and vitamins.  Examples of most of the above forms are provided, and these include dragees containing, inter alia, 3-phenyl-5-methyl-pyrrolidine hydrochloride and N-phenyl-N-2-pyridyl-N1,N1-dimethylethylenediamine hydrochloride of a mixture of Vitamins B1, B2, B6 and B12, calcium pantothenate, nicotinamide and ascorbic acid; and tablets containing 3-phenyl-2,5 dimethyl-pyrrolidine hydrochloride and 5-ethyl-5-isoamylbarbituric acid.  Other salt-forming acids referred to are other mineral acids and organic acids.  The compositions are stated to be useful in the treatment of depression and obesity, and also to have an analeptic effect.
Among patients undergoing oncologic gynecological procedures, such as those for vulvar cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer, the incidence of frailty has been observed to range from 14% to 45%. Frailty directly influences the metabolism of anesthetic agents and intraoperative management. Furthermore, the prevalence of residual neuromuscular blocking agents following surgery can be as high as 26% to 53%. No prior research has investigated the correlation between residual muscle relaxants and frailty in gynecologic oncology patients. This study is designed to assess the prevalence of residual muscle relaxants in these patients with frailty. Additionally, data on the incidence of frailty and its impact on postoperative outcomes and prognosis in patients undergoing gynecologic oncology surgery will be collected and reported.
Patients in this group will be offered pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation program using PHENIX Neuromuscular Stimulation Therapy System device. The participants will start therapy once a week 42 days after delivery, and last 8 weeks.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a rapid disintegrative solid preparation which is rapidly disintegrated in the oral cavity, possesses a moderate strength in the production and distribution process and, in particular, is useful as an intraoral disintegrative solid preparation by including a medicinal ingredient, a saccharide and a specific low substituted bydroxypropyl cellulose. SOLUTION: This preparation is obtained by including (A) a medicinal ingredient (e.g. an antiulcer agent such as lansoprazole, voglibose, a drug for diabetes such as pioglitazone hydrochloride, manidipine hydrochloride, a hypotensive agent such as candesartan cilexetil, or the like), (B) a saccharide, preferably a sugar alcohol (e.g. erythritol, mannitol or the like), and (C) a low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose which contains hydroxypropyl groups in an amount of 5-7 wt.% and possesses an average particle diameter of preferably 5-60 μm. The components A, B and C are preferably included in proportions of 0.01-70 pts.wt., 5-97 pts.wt. and 3-50 pts.wt., respectively, based on 100 pts.wt. of the above preparation.
The development of a potentially life-threatening serotonin syndrome has been reported with SNRIs and SSRIs, including escitalopram oxalate, alone but particularly with concomitant use of other serotonergic drugs (including triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, amphetamines, and St. John’s Wort) and with drugs that impair metabolism of serotonin (in particular, MAOIs, both those intended to treat psychiatric disorders and also others, such as linezolid and intravenous methylene blue). 

Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, delirium, and coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, hyperthermia), neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, incoordination) seizures, and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Patients should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. 

The concomitant use of escitalopram oxalate with MAOIs intended to treat psychiatric disorders is contraindicated. Escitalopram oxalate should also not be started in a patient who is being treated with MAOIs such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue. All reports with methylene blue that provided information on the route of administration involved intravenous administration in the dose range of 1 mg/kg to 8 mg/kg. No reports involved the administration of methylene blue by other routes (such as oral tablets or local tissue injection) or at lower doses. There may be circumstances when it is necessary to initiate treatment with an MAOI such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue in a patient taking escitalopram oxalate. Escitalopram oxalate should be discontinued before initiating treatment with the MAOI [  see Contraindications ( 4.1) and Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 and 2.6) ]. 

If concomitant use of escitalopram oxalate with other serotonergic drugs including, triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, buspirone, tryptophan, amphetamine, and St. John’s Wort is clinically warranted, patients should be made aware of a potential increased risk for serotonin syndrome, particularly during treatment initiation and dose increases.

Treatment with escitalopram oxalate and any concomitant serotonergic agents, should be discontinued immediately if the above events occur and supportive symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
The participants in the second group will receive contextualized Hearth messages through on-going PDH programs in addition to the basic standard of care (Group 2). The Hearth messages are contextualized messages on child feeding practices that women in the community have found helpful to successfully prevent child malnutrition. This program will be delivered through in person community meetings.