anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a multifunctional carbohydrate-binding lectin, has emerged as a key player in various biological processes including inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and fibrotic disorders, however it remains unclear if Gal-3 is a bystander or drives lung tissue remodeling (LTR). Persistent exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is the leading cause of oxidative and inflammatory damage to the lung tissues. CS-induced pathological increase in Gal-3 expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various respiratory conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer. We and others have reported that CS induces Gal-3 synthesis and secretion, which modulates the pathological signaling pathways in lung epithelial cells implicating Gal-3 as a novel diagnostic marker and a factor driving LTR in CS-exposed lungs. Therefore, pharmacological interventions targeting Gal-3 and its upstream and downstream signaling pathways can help combat CS-induced LTR. Excitingly, preclinical models have demonstrated the efficacy of interventions such as Gal-3 expression inhibition, Gal-3 receptor blockade, and signaling pathways modulation open up promising avenues for future therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, targeting extracellular vesicles-mediated Gal-3 release and the potential of microRNA-based therapy are emerging as novel therapeutic approaches in CS-induced LTR and have been discussed in this article.
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and chronic pain disorders are pervasive, multifaceted medical conditions that often co-occur. However, their comorbidity is often overlooked, despite its prevalence and clinical relevance. Individuals with AUD are more likely to experience chronic pain than the general population. Conversely, individuals with chronic pain commonly alleviate their pain with alcohol, which may escalate into AUD. This narrative review discusses the intricate relationship between AUD and chronic pain. Based on the literature available, the authors present a theoretical model explaining the reciprocal relationship between AUD and chronic pain across alcohol intoxication and withdrawal. They propose that the use of alcohol for analgesia rapidly gives way to acute tolerance, triggering the need for higher levels of alcohol consumption. Attempts at abstinence lead to alcohol withdrawal syndrome and hyperalgesia, increasing the risk of relapse. Chronic neurobiological changes lead to preoccupation with pain and cravings for alcohol, further entrenching both conditions. To stimulate research in this area, the authors review methodologies to improve the assessment of pain in AUD studies, including self-report and psychophysical methods. Further, they discuss pharmacotherapies and psychotherapies that may target both conditions, potentially improving both AUD and chronic pain outcomes simultaneously. Finally, the authors emphasize the need to manage both conditions concurrently, and encourage both the scientific community and clinicians to ensure that these intertwined conditions are not overlooked given their clinical significance.
A system and method by which medical care providers enter data representing a patient's condition(s), treatments provided and drugs prescribed and other information that may be germane to a patient's condition. The data is transmitted to both a managed-care organization as well as to interconnected centralized service center(s) that receive similar data from multiple participating providers. The service center(s) store, for each patient, all the data. When such data is received from the medical providers treating the patient the service center can create a profile of the patient and compare all of this data with a database or lookup table (LUT) that contains all of the recommended protocols, treatments, follow-up treatments, medications, etc. for a patient. When follow-up treatments, medications, etc. are recommended, the service center(s) can automatically send reminders, recommendations or suggestions to the patient's provider(s) to take recommended steps to ensure the wellness of the patient.
PURPOSE:To provide the subject modified protease composed of a protease bonded to polysaccharide containing a reactive group introduced by BrCN, having a modification ratio of the surface amino group of the bonded substance exceeding a specific level, exhibiting suppressed antigenicity and cutaneous sensitization and having excellent stability. CONSTITUTION:A protease originated preferably from microorganism, especially from genus Bacillus is prepared beforehand. A polysaccharide (preferably dextran, pullulan, etc.) activated by BrCN is bonded to the above protease at a weight ratio of >=3:1 by conventional method. In the above bonding process, the activation reaction of the polysaccharide is preferably carried out at pH10-11 and <=25 deg.C and the bonding reaction is performed preferably at pH8.5-9 and <=5.5 deg.C. The modification ratio of the surface amino group of the obtained modified protease is >=15% measured by TNBS process.
The invention discloses a betaxolol hydrochloride ion-sensitive eye-use in-situ gel. Every 1000 parts of a finished product of the gel comprise: 1-5 parts of betaxolol hydrochloride, 2-10 parts of an ion-sensitive gel material, 22-50 parts of an osmotic pressure conditioning agent, 0.1-5 parts of a bacteriostatic agent, and balance of injection water. Under an in-vitro condition, the eye-use in-situ gel provided by the invention is a solution which can flow freely. When the solution is dropped into eyes, the solution contacts cations such as Na<+>, K<+>, Ca<2+> and the like in tears, and the solution is subjected to gelatinization, such that a non-chemical-crosslinked semisolid preparation is formed. Therefore, the affinity of betaxolol hydrochloride and eye mucosal tissues is effectively ensured, and the retention time of the medicine in eyes is prolonged. Therefore, possible side effect caused by a large amount of medicine which is absorbed into systemic circulation through nasal mucosa or digestive tract is avoided.
As many as one in three older adults may experience insomnia. Older adults are the most frequent users of hypnotic medications. Although safer, use of even the latest "sleeping pills" can lead to cognitive impairment and risk of falls. Thus, it is not surprising that non-pharmacological treatments for insomnia have been pursued as alternatives to medications, with some suggesting they should be the "first line of therapy". We propose a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the relative efficacy and effectiveness of specific components of cognitive behavioral therapies for insomnia (CBT-I): sleep restriction (SR) and cognitive therapy (CT) in comparison to combined SR and CT (SR+CT). We hypothesize that because the proposed mechanisms of action of CT versus SR substantially differ, their combination may have additive effects. Even though the mechanisms of action of SR and CT may differ, no data exists to document that the addition of one to the other provides more overall clinical benefit than either intervention alone. Finally, to better understand "how" and "in whom" SR and CT work, we plan to formally evaluate selected mediators and moderators of the clinical effect including physiological measures of anxiety and arousal. Three treatments (SR, CT, and SR+CT) will be compared in a randomized clinical trial with a parallel groups design. Efficacy and effectiveness data will be collected prior to the beginning of treatment, after 6 weeks of treatment, and at the end of a 6-month follow-up. These efforts follow the National Institute of Mental Health Strategic Plan Strategy 3.1 to develop innovative interventions and designs for intervention studies, in this case, to promote a new intervention trial that focuses on the mediators and moderators of treatment response.
A sample (e.g. saliva and/or blood) may be takes from a test subject (e.g. a human patient). The sample may be processes to extract a testable substance. The testable substance may be processed by a mass spectrometer in order to generate a mass spectrometry profile of the sample. If the sample includes an infectious disease, then the infectious disease may be reflected in the mass spectrometry profile. The mass spectrometry profile may be compared to a database of mass spectrometry profiles from samples of test subjects whom have already be diagnoses with a particular infectious disease. If the mass spectrometry profile of the test subject being diagnosed is substantially similar to one or more mass spectrometry profiles in the predetermined database, then a diagnosis of an infection disease may be made in an accurate, efficient, and time sensitive manner.
New born population aged 37 Weeks of Amenorrhea (SA) to 42 Weeks of Amenorrhea (SA) will be included. Their cries will be longitudinally registered.
Exposure to triclocarban (TCC), a commonly used antibacterial agent, has been shown to induce significant intestine injuries and colonic inflammation in mice. However, the detailed mechanisms by which TCC exposure triggered enterotoxicity remain largely unclear. Herein, intestinal toxicity effects of long-term and chronic TCC exposure were investigated using a combination of histopathological assessments, metagenomics, targeted metabolomics, and biological assays. Mechanically, TCC exposure caused induction of intestinal aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its transcriptional target cytochrome P4501A1 (Cyp1a1) leading to dysfunction of the gut barrier and disruption of the gut microbial community. A large number of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are released from the gut lumen into blood circulation owing to the markedly increased permeability and gut leakage. Consequently, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and NF-κB signaling pathways were activated by high levels of LPS. Simultaneously, classic macrophage phenotypes were switched by TCC, shown with marked upregulation of macrophage M1 and downregulation of macrophage M2 that was accompanied by striking upregulation of proinflammatory factors such as Il-1β, Il-6, Il-17, and Tnf-α in the intestinal lamina propria. These findings provide new evidence for the TCC-induced enterotoxicity.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a dental plaque stain which effectively stains dental plaque to make it sufficiently visually recognizable, scarcely stains parts other than the dental plaque or is amenable to destaining by brushing, and is effective for use in a dental stain liquid for inspection.  <P>SOLUTION: The first dental plaque stain contains Monascus Yellow, and the second dental plaque stain contains at least one member selected from among Monascus Yellow, Gardenia Yellow, and Red radish color. These stains can stain dental plaque to form stained plaque which can be easily destained by e.g., brushing. The visual recognizability of stained plaque can be improved by adding a red tar pigment to the dental plaque stain containing Monascus Yellow. The third dental plaque stain containing a red tar pigment and a turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract and/or curcumin can selectively stain dental plaque to give stained dental plaque having visual recognizabiliy better than that of plaque stained with a turmeric extract or curcumin alone.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the interaction among dietary restraint, social desirability, and food type ("healthy" vs. "unhealthy") on the accuracy of reporting consumption of a laboratory meal during a 24-hour dietary recall. The automated multiple-pass method (AMPM) of 24-hour dietary recall is considered the gold standard of dietary assessment however the potential for error and biases is widely acknowledged with a tendency towards underreporting. Underreporting has been linked to many factors including two individual characteristics, dietary restraint and social desirability. Both dietary restraint and social desirability have been extensively studied however the influence of their interaction on reported dietary intake is not fully understood. In addition, a relationship to the types of foods (healthy vs. unhealthy) has also been found. For this study, 40 normal-weight female participants will be recruited at The University of Tennessee using flyers inviting volunteers. Participants will be categorized by dietary restraint, high or low, and social desirability, high or low, based on questions during the initial screening. In a laboratory setting participants will consume a meal of pre-weighed foods, including both "healthy" and "unhealthy" foods. The following day, an AMPM 24-hr dietary recall will be conducted with the participant over the telephone. Accuracy of the reported dietary intake of the laboratory meal will be determined by the equation \[(reported intake - measured intake)\]/measured intake\] x100 for amount (weight or volume) and energy (kilocalories) with comparisons between groups and within food types using mixed factorial analysis of variance.
A portable programmable medication alarm device (32) for aiding in the administration of medication or pharmaceuticals in accordance with a prescribed medication dosage schedule, in a first embodiment is manually programmed with data representative of a prescribed medication dosage schedule specifying a prescribed administration time, dosage amount, administration route, and medication instructions for each medication dosage to be administered to the patient. In response to the timed occurrence of each programmed administration time, an audible dosage alarm signal is generated and graphical representations of the programmed data are displayed in predefined visual display fields. (Fig. 8B) In a second embodiment, the alarm device (32) is programmed by loading prescribed dosage schedule data from a computer system (Fig. 7) into the memory of the medication alarm device using an automated data communication process. Also disclosed is a programmed medication alarm device (32) which attaches to a conventional medication container (96, 106, 107).
For almost two decades, 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been the only class I recommendation on DAPT in American and European guidelines, which has resulted in 12-month durations of DAPT therapy being the most frequently implemented in ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) across the globe. Twelve-month DAPT was initially grounded in the results of the CURE (Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events) trial, which, by design, studied DAPT versus no DAPT rather than the optimal DAPT duration. The average DAPT duration in this study was 9 months, not 12 months. Subsequent ACS studies, which were not designed to assess DAPT duration, rather its composition (aspirin with prasugrel or ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel) were further interpreted as supportive evidence for 12-month DAPT duration. In these studies, the median DAPT duration was 9 or 15 months for ticagrelor and prasugrel, respectively. Several subsequent studies questioned the 12-month regimen and suggested that DAPT duration should either be fewer than 12 months in patients at high bleeding risk or more than 12 months in patients at high ischemic risk who can safely tolerate the treatment. Bleeding, rather than ischemic risk assessment, has emerged as a treatment modifier for maximizing the net clinical benefit of DAPT, due to excessive bleeding and no clear benefit of prolonged treatment regimens in high bleeding risk patients. Multiple DAPT de-escalation treatment strategies, including switching from prasugrel or ticagrelor to clopidogrel, reducing the dose of prasugrel or ticagrelor, and shortening DAPT duration while maintaining monotherapy with ticagrelor, have been consistently shown to reduce bleeding without increasing fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular or cerebral ischemic risks compared with 12-month DAPT. However, 12-month DAPT remains the only class-I DAPT recommendation for patients with ACS despite the lack of prospectively established evidence, leading to unnecessary and potentially harmful overtreatment in many patients. It is time for clinical practice and guideline recommendations to be updated to reflect the totality of the evidence regarding the optimal DAPT duration in ACS.
The three pathophysiologic contributors to septic shock include varying combinations of hypovolemia (relative > absolute), decreased vascular tone or vasoplegia, and myocardial dysfunction. The three pillars of hemodynamic support include fluid boluses, vasopressors with or without inotrope infusions. The three end-points of hemodynamic resuscitation include an adequate cardiac output (CO), adequate mean arterial pressure (MAP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) for organ perfusion, and avoiding congestion (worse filling) parameters. Only 33-50% of septic patients show post-fluid bolus CO improvements; this may be sustained in ≥10% on account of sepsis-mediated glycocalyx injury. A pragmatic approach is to administer a small bolus (10 mL/kg over 20-30 min) and judge the response based on clinical perfusion markers, pressure elements, and congestive features. Vasoplegia marked by low DBP is a major contributor to hypotension in septic shock. Hence, a strategy of restricted fluid bolus with early low-dose norepinephrine (NE) (0.05-0.1 µg/kg/min) can be helpful. NE may also be useful in septic myocardial dysfunction (SMD) as an initial agent to maintain adequate coronary perfusion and DBP while minimizing tachycardia and providing inotropy. Severe SMD may benefit from additional inotropy (epinephrine/dobutamine). Except vasopressin, most vasoactive drugs may safely be administered via a peripheral route. The lowest MAP (5th centile for age) may be an acceptable target, provided end-organ perfusion is satisfactory. A clinical individualized approach combining the history, serial physical examination, laboratory analyses, available monitoring tools, and repeated assessment to individualize circulatory support may to lead to better outcomes than one-size-fits-all algorithms.
A non-diabetic woman in her 80s presented 1 week following uncomplicated left eye cataract surgery complaining of decreased vision, gritty sensation and photophobia in the same eye. Postoperative treatment included G. Acular (Ketorolac Tromethamine 0.5%, NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and G. Tobradex (Tobramycin 0.3% and Dexamethasone 0.1%, antibiotic and steroid, respectively) each prescribed four times a day for 2 weeks. On examination, the patient had a corneal epithelial defect which progressed to a full-thickness perforation despite ceasing the NSAID drops. Cyanoacrylate glue application with a plastic drape patch failed to seal the perforation, and a full-thickness tectonic corneal transplant was performed. On investigation, the patient had positive anti-RO and anti-LA antibodies, suggesting a diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. We advocate for careful preoperative assessment prior to cataract surgery, patient education, close follow-up and cautious medication use postoperatively including avoiding NSAID drops in patients with risk factors for postoperative dry eye disease.
Mastitis is a global concern in the dairy sector, demanding innovative solutions for effective management for quality lifetime milk production. In this study, infrared thermography (IRT) as a non-invasive technology was integrated into routine farm activities for continuous health monitoring of animals. For 30 days, we systematically monitored the udder health status in 40 Sahiwal cows (160 quarters), employing IRT along with the California Mastitis Test (CMT). We also assessed somatic cell count (SCC), microbial identification, and milk quality parameters of representative samples. The thermal imaging data was analyzed, considering both backward propagation from the 0th day to the -10th day and forward propagation from the 0th day to the +10th day. Our findings revealed that on the 0th day, the mean temperatures of the udder surface skin temperature (USST) and teat skin surface temperature (TSST) exhibited differences (p < 0.05) between the quarters affected by sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM) in comparison to the healthy quarters, with the highest degree of difference observed. The observed temperature differences between CM and SCM quarters compared to healthy ranged from 1.8 to 3.62 °C and 0.98 to 3.23 °C for USST, and from 1.68 to 3.16 °C and 0.56 to 2.32 °C for TSST, respectively. Furthermore, our observations indicated that both udder and teat quarters responded differently to mastitis. A temperature rise of 1.37 °C in SCM quarters and 1.75 °C in CM quarters was observed between the -10th and -8th day relative to day 0, with the increase being more pronounced in the morning hours. Also, a notable temperature surge occurred during the -2nd and -1st days relative to the 0th day. The log10SCC values and milk quality parameters significantly differed (p < 0.05) between mastitis-affected and healthy samples. In addition, Staphylococcus spp. was identified as the predominant mastitis-causing pathogen in the bacteriological identification conducted in this study. Therefore, IRT efficiently assesses the initiation point of udder infection in Sahiwal cows, aiding in effective udder health management.
BACKGROUND: Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) can lead to acute kidney injury and result in high disability and mortality rates. Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)-produced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been confirmed to play a protective role in renal IRI. While autophagy is involved in renal IRI, its role in the regulation by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has not been considered. Our study explored the role of CSE/H2S in protecting against renal IRI by regulating ERS-induced autophagy.
METHODS: C57/BL6 mice were subjected to 30-min renal ischemia followed by .24-h reperfusion injury (IRI). The H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide hydrate (NaHS) or the CSE inhibitor D,L-propargylglycine (PAG) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) into the mice. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were analyzed to evaluate renal function. Renal tubule epithelial cell damage was measured by HE and PAS staining. ERS and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) autophagy (LC3-I to LC3-II conversion) were analyzed by using western blotting.
RESULTS: In a C57/BL6 mouse model of acute renal IRI, the application of IRI impaired the renal function, which was accompanied by elevated serum creatinine (P < 0.001) and urea nitrogen levels (P < 0.001). While NaHS pretreatment dramatically attenuated renal IRI, PAG administration exacerbated renal IRI (P < 0.001). Furthermore, NaHS treatment inhibited the ERS-induced increased LC3II/I protein ratio (P < 0.001); increased Beclin-1 protein expression (P < 0.001); PAG pretreatment exacerbated the effects of ERS on both the LC3II/I ratio (P < 0.001) and the Beclin-1 protein expression (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the CSE/H2S system is an important therapeutic target for protecting against renal IRI, and it may protect renal tubule epithelial cells from IRI by suppressing ERS-induced autophagy.