anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: An increasing number of studies investigate various human microbiotas and their roles in the development of diseases, maintenance of health states, and balanced signaling towards the brain. Current data demonstrate that the nasal microbiota contains a unique and highly variable array of commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens. However, we need to understand how to harness current knowledge, enrich nasal microbiota with beneficial microorganisms, and prevent pathogenic developments.
RESULTS: In this study, we have obtained nasal, nasopharyngeal, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from healthy volunteers and patients suffering from chronic respiratory tract diseases for full-length 16 S rRNA sequencing analysis using Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Demographic and clinical data were collected simultaneously. The microbiome analysis of 97 people from Lithuania suffering from chronic inflammatory respiratory tract disease and healthy volunteers revealed that the human nasal microbiome represents the microbiome of the upper airways well.
CONCLUSIONS: The nasal microbiota of patients was enriched with opportunistic pathogens, which could be used as indicators of respiratory tract conditions. In addition, we observed that a healthy human nasal microbiome contained several plant- and bee-associated species, suggesting the possibility of enriching human nasal microbiota via such exposures when needed. These candidate probiotics should be investigated for their modulating effects on airway and lung epithelia, immunogenic properties, neurotransmitter content, and roles in maintaining respiratory health and nose-brain interrelationships.
Segmental instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by bronchoscopy safely induces transient airway inflammation in human lungs. This model enables investigation of pulmonary inflammatory mechanisms as well as pharmacodynamic analysis of investigational drugs. The aim of this work was to describe the transcriptomic profile of human segmental LPS challenge with contextualization to major respiratory diseases. Pre-challenge bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and biopsies were sampled from 28 smoking, healthy participants, followed by segmental instillation of LPS and saline as control. Twenty-four hours post instillation, BAL and biopsies were collected from challenged lung segments. Total RNA of cells from BAL and biopsy samples were sequenced and analysed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After challenge with LPS compared with saline, 6316 DEGs were upregulated and 241 were downregulated in BAL, but only one DEG was downregulated in biopsy samples. Upregulated DEGs in BAL were related to molecular functions such as "Inflammatory response" or "chemokine receptor activity", and upregulated pro-inflammatory pathways such as "Wnt-"/"Ras-"/"JAK-STAT" "-signaling pathway". Furthermore, the segmental LPS challenge model resembled aspects of the five most prevalent respiratory diseases chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, tuberculosis and lung cancer and featured similarities with acute exacerbations in COPD (AECOPD) and community-acquired pneumonia. Overall, our study provides extensive information about the transcriptomic profile from BAL cells and mucosal biopsies following LPS challenge in healthy smokers. It expands the knowledge about the LPS challenge model providing potential overlap with respiratory diseases in general and infection-triggered respiratory insults such as AECOPD in particular.
Previously untreated chronic hepatitis C patients undergoing therapy with peginterferon alfa and ribavirin have a very poor probability of achieving a sustained virologic response if they either do not have a 100-fold or greater reduction in their plasma HCV RNA levels at the 12th week of treatment or have detectable plasma HCV RNA at the 24th week of treatment. ISIS 14803 is an experimental antiviral medication for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C that has been given to chronic hepatitis C patients in two previous single-agent clinical trials (approximately 70 patients).

In this clinical research study, 12 weeks of ISIS 14803 treatment will be added to the peginterferon alfa and ribavirin treatment regimen of previously untreated chronic hepatitis C patients who have a very poor probability of achieving a sustained virologic response based upon either of the above two criteria. Enrolled patients must continue to be treated with peginterferon alfa and ribavirin and must begin ISIS 14803 treatment within four weeks of their HCV RNA result report date. ISIS 14803 will be given as a two-hour intravenous infusion, two times each week, for 12 weeks. Depending on their HCV response to the three-drug combination, patients may continue treatment with peginterferon alfa and ribavirin after the end of ISIS 14803 treatment. Patients will be monitored for at least eight weeks (for safety) after the end of ISIS 14803 treatment and possibly for longer (for sustained virologic response). Two dose levels of ISIS 14803 will be studied in this trial, 3 and 6 mg/kg ideal body weight.
Atracurium besylate infusion solutions may be prepared by admixing atracurium besylate injection with an appropriate diluent such as 5% Dextrose Injection, 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, or 5% Dextrose and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection. Infusion solutions should be used within 24 hours of preparation. Unused solutions should be discarded. Solutions containing 0.2 mg/mL or 0.5 mg/mL atracurium besylate in the above diluents may be stored either under refrigeration or at room temperature for 24 hours without significant loss of potency. Care should be taken during admixture to prevent inadvertent contamination. Visually inspect prior to administration. 

Spontaneous degradation of atracurium besylate has been demonstrated to occur more rapidly in Lactated Ringer's solution than in 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Therefore, it is recommended that Lactated Ringer's Injection not be used as a diluent in preparing solutions of atracurium besylate injection for infusion. 

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. 

### Risk of Medication Errors 

Accidental administration of neuromuscular blocking agents may be fatal. Store atracurium besylate injection with the cap and ferrule intact and in a manner that minimizes the possibility of selecting the wrong product.
Diagnostic stewardship (DxS) for infectious disease testing requires a multi-disciplinary approach to optimize test selection, performance, interpretation and patient treatment. Nucleic acid amplification-based tests for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, or "molecular microbiology tests," have rapidly expanded over the past two decades. With the increased availability and complexity of these tests, there is also an increased need for collaborative approaches to optimize test use to promote positive impacts on patient care, while mitigating potential negative impact or resource waste. In this review, we provide recommendations on building collaborative DxS teams, including microbiologists and the diverse stakeholders that use and interpret molecular microbiology tests. We then detail approaches to identify high-priority molecular microbiology tests that may need utilization assessment, select appropriate diagnostic stewardship interventions, and monitor the impact of implemented interventions. This strategic process may be employed by laboratories to realize optimal testing for selected tests at their institution.
The study was a parallel randomized controlled trial on patients having impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM) extraction. This study was performed at the Department of Minor Oral Surgery in the National Hospital of Odonto - Stomatology in HCM City from October 2019 to April 2021. All patients who had IMTM extraction were examined by the dentists at the Department of Minor Oral Surgery. If IMTM were Montero≥2(7), patients would be referred to the research team. After reviewing the criteria for inclusion and exclusion, the investigators explained to all patients the information about the operation, healing time, and possible complications, and the investigators obtained their informed consent before surgery.

Based on recent research with a power of 80% and α=5%, the investigators calculated the minimum sample size for comparing 2 mean values. The result is each group needs a minimum of 36 participants. The initial sample consisted of 85 in both groups intended to participate in this study at the Department of Minor Oral Surgery in the National Hospital of Odonto - Stomatology in HCM City from October 2019 to April 2021. One patient was excluded from this study because of the ASA PS Index\>2. After randomization, one patient in the study group could not collect blood for centrifugation; seven patients were excluded due to lack of compliance (four in the control group, three in the study group). Finally, 76 samples remained in this study (Male 23, Female 53).
BACKGROUND: Melanoma is a highly heterogeneous cancer, in which frequent changes in activation of signaling pathways lead to a high adaptability to ever changing tumor microenvironments. The elucidation of cancer specific signaling pathways is of great importance, as demonstrated by the inhibitor of the common BrafV600E mutation PLX4032 in melanoma treatment. We therefore investigated signaling pathways that were influenced by neurotrophin NRN1, which has been shown to be upregulated in melanoma.
METHODS: Using a cell culture model system with an NRN1 overexpression, we investigated the influence of NRN1 on melanoma cells' functionality and signaling. We employed real time cell analysis and spheroid formation assays, while for investigation of molecular mechanisms we used a kinase phosphorylation kit as well as promotor activity analysis followed by mRNA and protein analysis.
RESULTS: We revealed that NRN1 interacts directly with the cleaved intracellular domain (NICD) of Notch1 and Notch3, causing a potential retention of NICD in the cytoplasm and thereby reducing the expression of its direct downstream target Hes1. This leads to decreased sequestration of JAK and STAT3 in a Hes1-driven phosphorylation complex. Consequently, our data shows less phosphorylation of STAT3 while presenting an accumulation of total protein levels of STAT3 in association with NRN1 overexpression. The potential of the STAT3 signaling pathway to act in both a tumor suppressive and oncogenic manner led us to investigate specific downstream targets - namely Vegf A, Mdr1, cMet - which were found to be upregulated under oncogenic levels of NRN1.
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we were able to show that NRN1 links oncogenic signaling events between Notch and STAT3 in melanoma. We also suggest that in future research more attention should be payed to cellular regulation of signaling molecules outside of the classically known phosphorylation events.
Across many fields, scenario modeling has become an important tool for exploring long-term projections and how they might depend on potential interventions and critical uncertainties, with relevance to both decision makers and scientists. In the past decade, and especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, the field of epidemiology has seen substantial growth in the use of scenario projections. Multiple scenarios are often projected at the same time, allowing important comparisons that can guide the choice of intervention, the prioritization of research topics, or public communication. The design of the scenarios is central to their ability to inform important questions. In this paper, we draw on the fields of decision analysis and statistical design of experiments to propose a framework for scenario design in epidemiology, with relevance also to other fields. We identify six different fundamental purposes for scenario designs (decision making, sensitivity analysis, situational awareness, horizon scanning, forecasting, and value of information) and discuss how those purposes guide the structure of scenarios. We discuss other aspects of the content and process of scenario design, broadly for all settings and specifically for multi-model ensemble projections. As an illustrative case study, we examine the first 17 rounds of scenarios from the U.S. COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub, then reflect on future advancements that could improve the design of scenarios in epidemiological settings.
Placebo injection monthly for 12 months. Alendronate 70mg PO weekly starting at Month 12 through 24 months.
BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the oral cavity encompasses different anatomical subsites, it is unclear whether subsite localization of carcinoma influences outcome.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study examined overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and local recurrence-free survival (L-RFS) at different subsites by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to investigate the impact of subsite on overall death, locoregional recurrence, and local recurrence.
RESULTS: The cohort included 1702 patients treated with curative intent for OSCC according to standardized national guidelines. The 5-year OS was superior in oral tongue to retromolar trigone as well as in both oral tongue and floor-of-mouth (FOM) compared to tumors involving multiple locations. The 3-year RFS in oral tongue and FOM was superior to tumors involving multiple locations, and in FOM compared to retromolar trigone. The 3-year L-RFS in oral tongue and FOM was higher than gingiva, retromolar trigone and tumors involving multiple locations. Adjusting for relevant covariables using oral tongue as reference, tumors involving multiple locations was the only category presenting higher risk for locoregional recurrence, while risk of local recurrence was higher in gingiva, retromolar trigone, hard palate and to tumors involving multiple locations. The study found no difference in risk of death between subsites.
CONCLUSION: The study found differences in survival outcomes between subsites. After adjusting for covariables, subsite mainly had significant impact on local recurrence, with no distinct pattern of influence on overall death or locoregional recurrence.
Colorectal cancer(CRC) kills more than 700,000 patients every year, which is nowadays the world's 3rd common and the 4th deadly tumor. About 50% CRC patients will finally develop colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). Among the CRLM patients, 20-25% of CRC are found with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCRLM) at the first visit. Meanwhile, about 20-30% CRC patients suffer by metachronous colorectal liver metastasis (MCRLM) even after radical resection of primary tumor. It is nowadays admitted that the R0 resection of both primary and secondary tumors in SCRLM and R0 resection of MCRLM represents a feasible and potential curative treatment in patients with resectable CRLM(RCRLM). However, the treatment strategy for some RCRLM (tumor number≤3 and tumor size≤3.0cm), such as whether to choose hepatectomy or local ablation, still remains in debate. In primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), local ablation has been proved to has similar curative effect to that of hepatectomy. Compared to hepatectomy, local ablation has less trauma and more rapid recovery and possible lower hospitalization cost. The curative effect of local ablation is mainly influenced by tumor site and tumor size. On the other side, some RCRLM might develop repeat recurrences even after "R0" resection due to the imaging undetectable micro metastasis. Thus, local ablation might be more suitable for some repeat recurrent CRLM. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy/safety of local ablation with hepatectomy for RCRLM (tumor number≤3, tumor size≤3.0cm), including both SCRLM and MCRLM. Patients are randomized to CRLM resection group and local ablation group. The primary endpoint is overall survival. Secondary endpoints evaluate the rate of patients with at least one severe complication within 30 days after surgery/ablation and long-term clinical outcomes, in particular disease-free survival.
Because selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are commonly prescribed to treat depression, it is vital to understand how these antidepressants affect hypoglycemia- the most feared complication in diabetes. This study's aim is to determine whether individuals who are chronically taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have a reduced ability to defend against hypoglycemia compared to individuals not taking the medication, thus leaving them more susceptible to hypoglycemia. Both healthy volunteers and volunteers with type 1 diabetes mellitus will be studied. The results could potentially be important to diabetic patients, by demonstrating to physicians how to modify therapy for those taking antidepressants in order to avoid hypoglycemia.

The known effects of SSRI on the hypothalamo pituitary axis(HPA)may be important to the counterregulation of hypoglycemia. Prior research has demonstrated in healthy volunteers that antecedent increases in plasma cortisol result in significant blunting of neuroendocrine and autonomic responses to subsequent hypoglycemia. Thus, by activating the HPA axis, SSRIs could cause blunting of the counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia.
BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) often arises in infancy, and gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with the development of AD. However, less is known about specific changes in early-life gut microbiome associated with AD and AD severity. This study aims to reveal the gut microbial composition and function profiles associated with the severity of AD in infants.
METHODS: Sixty-two infants (mean [SD] age, 4.7[1.9] months) with different severities of AD were enrolled and divided into three groups (mild, moderate and severe) according to the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. The profiles of gut microbial composition and function were analysed by sequencing 16S ribosomal RNA amplicons. Quality of life on children and the family was evaluated using published questionnaires.
RESULTS: Decreased levels of Clostridium sensu stricto, Collinsella and increased level of Parabacteroides presented in the severe AD group compared with the mild AD group after adjusting potential confounders (p < 0.05). There were strong positive correlations between the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index and the relative abundance (RA) of Bacteroides and functional pathways for metabolism of sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids (p < 0.05). The SCORAD index was negatively correlated with the RA of Clostridium sensu stricto (p < 0.05), and was also positively correlated with the index of quality of life on children and the family (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Discrepancies in gut microbial composition and functional pathways were observed in infants with mild-to-severe AD. Alterations in butyrate-producing bacteria (Clostridium sensu stricto), sphingolipid-producing bacteria (Parabacteroides, Bacteroides), and related functional pathways were associated with the severity of AD infants.
Systems and methods are provided for indicating recommended settings for data acquisition in a medical scanner. A scan protocol including a first parameter is identified. A first subset of values is determined for the first parameter as a function of the scan protocol. A first plurality of values is displayed for the first parameter with the first subset of values highlighted. A first selection is received of a first selected value for the first parameter. Image data is generated using the first selection.
1,141,530. Salicyclic acid derivatives. J. P. M. RAUDNITZ, and H. WAHL. 19 July, 1966, [20 July, 1965], No. 32437/66. Heading C2C. Novel compounds of formula in which n is an integer of at least 3, X is - NRR<SP>1</SP> and R and R<SP>1</SP> are each hydrogen or lower alkyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are prepared by reacting the required salicylamide with an alkane sultone in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide to form an alkali metal salt of an above novel compound, converting the salt to a corresponding novel free acid and treating the acid with a base to form a salt thereof. Therapeutic compositions used in the relief of pain contain the above novel compounds and may be in a form suitable for oral or parenteral administration.
The dose of cefazolin and Ceftazidime co-administered were 20 mg /kg，and were given once daily in the fourth bag. Total treatment duration was 2 weeks.
Recent national trends in the United States indicate a significant increase in childhood obesity, a major public health concern with documented physical and mental comorbidities and sociodemographic disparities. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among youth in New York City (NYC) before the COVID-19 pandemic and examine time trends overall and by key characteristics. We included all valid height and weight measurements of kindergarten through 8th grade public school students aged 5 to 15 from school years 2011-12 through 2019-20 (N = 1,370,890 unique students; 5,254,058 observations). Obesity and severe obesity were determined using age- and sex-specific body mass index percentiles based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Analyses were performed using multivariate logistic regression models with repeated cross-sectional observations weighted to represent the student population for each year and clustered by student and school. Among youth attending public elementary and middle schools in NYC, we estimate that 20.9% and 6.4% had obesity and severe obesity, respectively, in 2019-20. While consistent declines in prevalence were observed overall from 2011-12 to 2019-20 (2.8% relative decrease in obesity and 0.2% in severe obesity, p<0.001), increasing trends were observed among Black, Hispanic, and foreign-born students, suggesting widening disparities. Extending previous work reporting prevalence estimates in this population, nearly all groups experienced significant increases in obesity and severe obesity from 2016-17 to 2019-20 (relative change = 3.5% and 6.7%, respectively, overall; p<0.001). Yet, some of the largest increases in obesity were observed among those already bearing the greatest burden, such as Black and Hispanic students and youth living in poverty. These findings highlight the need for greater implementation of equity-centered obesity prevention efforts. Future research should consider the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in clinical guidance on childhood obesity and severe obesity in NYC.
PURPOSE: To obtain a therapeutic agent for reducing a blood uric acid concentration, showing excellent and effective uric acid excreting effects in human with a low dose, containing 3-(4-bromo-2fluorobenzyl)-4-oxo 3H-phthalazin-1-ylacetic acid or its salt. CONSTITUTION: This therapeutic agent contains 3-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-4-oxo3 H-phthalazin-1-ylacetic acid of the formula or its salt (e.g. an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt). The compound of the formula is usually administered in an oral administration form (e.g. tablet, capsule, etc.). Generally and typically the compound is orally administered in a range of 0.5-30mg/kg/day so as to obtain the total of daily dose of an active ingredient in the range of 25-600mg (e.g. 50-400mg) per individual (person).
All subjects will be performing this procedure. WBPA in spinal axis (pGz) will be administered with a platform that resembles a bed. The platform moves in a repetitive head-to-foot direction at 140 times a minute, producing 0.22 g.
Run-in Period: azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg placebo-matching tablets, azilsartan medoxomil 80 mg placebo-matching tablets, and valsartan two 80 mg placebo-matching capsules, orally, once daily, for 2 weeks prior to the start of the treatment period. Treatment Period: azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg tablets, orally, once daily, azilsartan medoxomil 80 mg placebo-matching tablets, orally, once daily, and valsartan two 80 mg placebo-matching capsules, orally, once daily, for up to 8 weeks.