anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Zinc salts of callicrein are precipitated from an aqueous solution of the hormone at pH 4 to 7 by addition of a solution of a soluble zinc salt e.g. acetate, sulphate, nitrate or chloride, in the presence of a water miscible organic solvent e.g. alcohol, acetone, dioxane, glycol or mixtures thereof, and zinc salt of callicrein recovered from the precipitate by treatment with water or a neutral salt solution e.g. normal saline solution. Callicrein may be obtained by contacting the extract with an ion-exchanger to remove the zinc and precipitating the hormone from the percolate.  The zinc salt may be added to the aqueous solution of callicrein, and after separating the precipitated inactive materials, the hormone salt is precipitated by addition of the organic solvent to a concentration of thirty per cent.  If the starting material contains a large concentration of inactive material the organic solvent is added before the addition of the zinc salt.  Specification 757,095 is referred to.
Abstract of the Disclosure Styrylamidines are prepared by treating styryl-sulfonylamidines with base.  The styrylamidines are effec-tive in the prevention of aggregation of blood platelets and as analgesics.  Compounds of the invention are also useful as anticonvulsants, diuretics and antihypertensive agents.  The styrylsulfonylamidines of the invention which serve as precursors to the styrylamidines also have anal-gesic properties.  Illustrative of the styrylamidines of the present invention are 4-amino-N-(4-aminostyryl)benza-midine and N-(3,4-dichlorostyryl)acetamidine.  An example of a styrylsulfonylamidine is N-(styrylsulfonyl)acetamidine.
Patients may be enrolled on study either before or after the first thoracotomy procedure. For the first thoracotomy, patients undergo surgical procedure unilateral thoracotomy. Patients receive initial inhalation therapy inhaled GM-CSF, as soon as possible after recovery from first thoracotomy, twice daily on days 1-7. Treatment repeats every other week every 14 days for a total of 2 courses. Patients undergo surgical procedure contralateral thoracotomy on day 22. Beginning on day 29, or as soon as possible, patients begin post-thoracotomy inhalation therapy as above for up to 12 additional courses. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients are followed every 2 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 3 years, and then annually thereafter.
Accumulating evidence from both cross-sectional and cue-reactivity studies supports the application of the Ambivalence Model of Craving (AMC) from the substance use literature to food craving. The focus of this extant work has been on the association between the two dimensions of food craving (approach and avoidance) and disordered eating behaviors. The present study extended existing validity data by investigating approach and avoidance food craving profiles and their associations with 1) disordered eating behaviors and 2) thinness/restriction and eating expectancies - a risk factor for disordered eating that is explicitly described by the AMC. It was anticipated that food craving profiles would parallel those defined by the AMC (i.e., approach oriented, avoidance oriented, ambivalent, indifferent) and that profiles defined by high avoidance food craving would be higher in compensatory behaviors, restricting behaviors, and thinness/restriction expectancies, while those defined by high approach food craving would be higher in binge eating and eating expectancies. A sample of 407 undergraduate students (54% female, 47% non-Hispanic White; Mage = 21 years) reported demographics, food craving disordered eating behaviors, and thinness/restriction and eating expectancies via an anonymous online survey. Latent profile analysis was used to test hypotheses. Hypotheses were partially supported. Four profiles were identified, but similar levels of approach and avoidance food craving were observed in each profile, with the intensity of the cravings increasing across the four profiles. Endorsement of disordered eating behaviors and expectancies also increased in intensity across the profiles. Findings suggest an additive, rather than interactive, effect of food craving.
BACKGROUND: Post natal adaptation syndrome is well reported but early presentation of neurological symptoms severe enough to warrant detailed neurological work up is rare. Our aim was to evaluate and describe abnormal early neurological symptoms in infants following in-utero exposure to a varying combination of selective serotonin uptake inhibitor medication and other psychotropic medications, with negative seizure work-up.
METHOD: Descriptive case series of infant exposed to selective serotonin uptake inhibitor medication and other psychotropic medications, presenting with early neurologic signs and symptoms within the first 24 hours of life concerning for seizures, who underwent an extensive neurologic evaluation.
RESULTS: Five infants met criteria. Infant #1 : 39-weeks gestational age (GA), with escitalopram, clonazepam, gabapentin, methadone exposure, presented with generalized hypertonia and intermittent back-arching. #2 : 40-weeks GA with escitalopram and hydroxyzine exposure, with bilateral arm stiffening and sucking mouth movements. #3 : 34-weeks GA with fluoxetine, quetiapine and clonazepam exposure, presented with decerebrate posturing. #4 : 38-weeks GA with fluoxetine, clonazepam, clonidine, quetiapine and gabapentin exposure, presented with asynchronous tremoring of all extremities. #5 : 35-weeks GA with citalopram, quetiapine exposure, presented with increased tone and posturing of upper extremities. Electroencephalogram was negative for seizures in all infants.
CONCLUSION: In-utero exposure to selective serotonin uptake inhibitor medication, especially in combination with other psychotropic medications, may be associated with significant abnormal neurological symptoms, which may not represent true seizures.
Upper extremity hemiparesis is the most common post-stroke disability. Longitudinal studies have indicated that 30 to 66 percent of stroke survivors do not have full arm function six months post-stroke. Bilateral arm training has been investigated as a potential rehabilitation intervention for individuals not eligible for constraint induced movement therapy.

This training study included 24 hours of treatment over eight weeks. The protocol consisted of reaching activities with rhythmic auditory cueing emphasizing the proximal arm. Subjects assigned to the bilateral group performed bilateral symmetrical activities while subjects in the unilateral group performed the same activity with the affected arm only. The Motor Assessment Scale-Upper Limb Item and the Motor Status Scale are used as primary outcome measures. The Reaching Performance Scale and strength measures are secondary outcome measures. Assessments are administered pre-/ and post-training by a blind rater.
These subjects will receive Standard Diet according to routine care and practice. The standard diet will be distributed with 55-60% of carbohydrates (45-50% complex and no more than 10% refined and processed sugars), 25-30% lipids and 15% proteins, and will be performedin accordance with the calories of an isocaloric balanced diet calculated throughout the Italian LARN Guidelines for age and gender (Società Italiana di Nutrizione Umana, 2014), inspired to Mediterranean pyramid.
For most patients, the recommended starting dose of LEVITRA is 10 mg, taken orally approximately 60 minutes before sexual activity. The dose may be increased to a maximum recommended dose of 20 mg or decreased to 5 mg based on efficacy and side effects. The maximum recommended dosing frequency is once per day. LEVITRA can be taken with or without food. Sexual stimulation is required for a response to treatment.

Geriatrics: A starting dose of 5 mg LEVITRA should be considered in patients ≥65 years of age (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Pharmacokinetics in Special Populations and PRECAUTIONS).

Hepatic Impairment: For patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh A), no dose adjustment of LEVITRA is required. Vardenafil clearance is reduced in patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B), and a starting dose of 5 mg LEVITRA is recommended. The maximum dose in patients with moderate hepatic impairment should not exceed 10 mg. LEVITRA has not been evaluated in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C) (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Metabolism and ExcretionWARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS).

Renal Impairment: For patients with mild (CLcr = 50-80 ml/min), moderate (CLcr = 30-50 ml/min), or severe (CLcr<30 ml/min) renal impairment, no dose adjustment is required. LEVITRA has not been evaluated in patients on renal dialysis (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Metabolism and Excretion and PRECAUTIONS).

Concomitant Medications: The dosage of LEVITRA may require adjustment in patients receiving potent CYP3A4 inhibitors such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir, indinavir, saquinavir, atazanavir, and clarithromycin as well as in other patients receiving moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors such as erythromycin (see WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions). For ritonavir, a single dose of 2.5 mg LEVITRA should not be exceeded in a 72-hour period. For indinavir, saquinavir, atazanavir, ketoconazole 400 mg daily, itraconazole 400 mg daily, and clarithromycin, a single dose of 2.5 mg LEVITRA should not be exceeded in a 24-hour period. For ketoconazole 200 mg daily, itraconazole 200 mg daily, and erythromycin, a single dose of 5 mg LEVITRA should not be exceeded in a 24-hour period. For alpha-blockers, caution is advised when PDE5 inhibitors, including LEVITRA, are used concomitantly with alpha-blockers because of the potential for an additive effect on blood pressure. In some patients, concomitant use of these two drug classes can lower blood pressure significantly (see PRECAUTIONS,Alpha-blockers  and Drug Interactions) leading to symptomatic hypotension (e.g., fainting). Concomitant treatment should be initiated only if the patient is stable on his alpha blocker therapy. In those patients who are stable on alpha-blocker therapy, LEVITRA should be initiated at a dose of 5 mg (2.5 mg when used concomitantly with certain CYP3A4 inhibitors - see Drug Interactions).
This study aims to confirm the comparative effectiveness of pharmacopuncture by conducting a pragmatic randomized controlled clinical trial with 128 patients suffering from chronic neck pain. The trial will compare patients treated with a pharmacopuncture-based strategy (64 patients) to those treated with an acupuncture-based strategy (64 patients). As this is a pragmatic clinical trial, participants will be randomly assigned to either the pharmacopuncture or acupuncture groups. However, the specific methods of pharmacopuncture and acupuncture to be used will not be predetermined. Instead, they will be determined based on the clinical judgment of the traditional Korean medicine doctor according to the patient's condition. All methods used will be recorded in the CRF (Case Report Form).
RATIONALE: Major depression has been an area of extensive research during the last decades, for it represents a leading cause of disability and suicide. The stark rise of depression rates influenced by life stressors, economic threats, pandemic era, and resistance to classical treatments, has made the disorder rather challenging. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity are particularly sensitive to the dynamic interplay between autophagy and inflammation. In fact, the intricate balance between the two processes contributes to neuronal homeostasis and survival.
OBJECTIVES: Having demonstrated promising potentials in AMPK activation, a major metabolic sensor and autophagy regulator, empagliflozin (Empa) was investigated for possible antidepressant properties in the reserpine rat model of depression.
RESULTS: While the reserpine protocol elicited behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological changes relevant to depression, Empa outstandingly hindered these pathological perturbations. Importantly, hippocampal autophagic response markedly declined with reserpine which disrupted the AMPK/mTOR/Beclin1/LC3B machinery and, conversely, neuro-inflammation prevailed under the influence of the NLRP3 inflammasome together with oxidative/nitrative stress. Consequently, AMPK-mediated neurotrophins secretion obviously deteriorated through PKCζ/NF-κB/BDNF/CREB signal restriction. Empa restored hippocampal monoamines and autophagy/inflammation balance, driven by AMPK activation. By promoting the atypical PKCζ phosphorylation (Thr403) which subsequently phosphorylates NF-κB at Ser311, AMPK successfully reinforced BDNF/CREB signal and hippocampal neuroplasticity. The latter finding was supported by hippocampal CA3 toluidine blue staining to reveal intact neurons.
CONCLUSION: The current study highlights an interesting role for Empa as a regulator of autophagic and inflammatory responses in the pathology of depression. The study also pinpoints an unusual contribution for NF-κB in neurotrophins secretion via AMPK/PKCζ/NF-κB/BDNF/CREB signal transduction. Accordingly, Empa can have special benefits in diabetic patients with depressive symptoms.
LIMITATIONS: The influence of p-NF-κB (Ser311) on NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation has not been investigated, which can represent an interesting point for further research.
Efficacy studies of levofloxacin could not be conducted in humans with pneumonic plague for ethical and feasibility reasons. Therefore, approval of this indication was based on an efficacy study conducted in animals. 

The mean plasma concentrations of levofloxacin associated with a statistically significant improvement in survival over placebo in an African green monkey model of pneumonic plague are reached or exceeded in adult and pediatric patients receiving the recommended oral and intravenous dosage regimens [see Indications and Usage (1.14) and Dosage and Administration (2.1), (2.2)]. 

Levofloxacin pharmacokinetics have been evaluated in adult and pediatric patients. The mean (±SD) steady state peak plasma concentration in human adults receiving 500 mg orally or intravenously once daily is 5.7±1.4 and 6.4±0.8 mcg/mL, respectively; and the corresponding total plasma exposure (AUC0-24) is 47.5±6.7 and 54.6±11.1 mcg.h/mL, respectively. The predicted steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters in pediatric patients ranging in age from 6 months to 17 years receiving 8 mg/kg orally every 12 hours (not to exceed 250 mg per dose) were calculated to be comparable to those observed in adults receiving 500 mg orally once daily [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Levofloxacin tablets can only be administered to pediatric patients with inhalational anthrax (post-exposure) or plague who are 30 kg or greater due to the limitations of the available strengths [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

A placebo-controlled animal study in African green monkeys exposed to an inhaled mean dose of 65 LD50 (range 3 to 145 LD50) of Yersinia pestis (CO92 strain) was conducted. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of levofloxacin for the Y. pestis strain used in this study was 0.03 mcg/mL. Mean plasma concentrations of levofloxacin achieved at the end of a single 30-min infusion ranged from 2.84 to 3.50 mcg/mL in African green monkeys. Trough concentrations at 24 hours post-dose ranged from <0.03 to 0.06 mcg/mL. Mean (SD) AUC0-24 was 11.9 (3.1) mcg.h/mL (range 9.50 to 16.86 mcg.h/mL). Animals were randomized to receive either a 10-day regimen of i.v. levofloxacin or placebo beginning within 6 hrs of the onset of telemetered fever (≥39°C for more than 1 hour). Mortality in the levofloxacin group was significantly lower (1/17) compared to the placebo group (7/7) [p<0.001, Fisher’s Exact Test; exact 95% confidence interval (-99.9%, -55.5%) for the difference in mortality]. One levofloxacin-treated animal was euthanized on Day 9 post-exposure to Y. pestis due to a gastric complication; it had a blood culture positive for Y. pestis on Day 3 and all subsequent daily blood cultures from Day 4 through Day 7 were negative.
Each participant will consume 25 mL/day during 6 months of a Functional olive oil prepared with the same Optimized oil and enriched with triterpenic acids obtained from the olive tree (approx. 490 ppm of polyphenols and 380 ppm of triterpenic acids).
BACKGROUND: Frailty is increasingly becoming a public health concern, especially among vulnerable populations. Older migrants from Low- and Middle-Income Countries to High Income Countries present with poorer health and are at increased risk of becoming frail. This review aims to explore the prevalence, perceptions, and experiences of frailty among older migrants from Low- and Middle-Income Countries to High Income Countries.
METHODS: This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Five electronic databases were comprehensively searched for relevant literature published from January 1, 2000, to April 30, 2023. Quality appraisal for the quantitative studies was done with the Joanna Brigg's critical appraisal tool for analytic cross-sectional studies, and the qualitative studies were assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skill Program tool for qualitative studies.
RESULT: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Frailty was assessed using modified versions of the Frailty Phenotype and Frailty Index. The prevalence of frailty using the Frailty Phenotype was 16.6 %, and 17 % to 61.9 % according to the Frailty Index. The perceptions and experiences of frailty were characterised by chronic ill-health and a review of healthy pre-migration and early migration lives.
CONCLUSION: Despite the variation in frailty assessment methods, the high prevalence of frailty among older migrants was highlighted across the included studies. The perceptions and experiences of frailty reflect a state of resignation which can complicate the state of frailty. There is the need for ongoing research among migrant groups to identify their predisposition to frailty for early intervention.
OBJECTIVES: Vasospasm is a complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) that can change the trajectory of recovery and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Earlier detection of vasospasm could improve patient outcomes. Our objective is to evaluate the accuracy of smartphone-based quantitative pupillometry in the detection of radiographic vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aSAH.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively collected pupillary light reflex (PLR) parameters from patients with aSAH admitted to a neurocritical care unit at a single hospital twice daily using quantitative smartphone pupillometry recordings. PLR parameters included: Maximum pupil diameter, minimum pupil diameter, percent change in pupil diameter, latency in beginning of pupil constriction to light, mean constriction velocity, maximum constriction velocity, and mean dilation velocity. Two-tailed t-tests for independent samples were performed to determine changes in average concurrent PLR parameter values between the following comparisons: (1) patients with and without radiographic vasospasm (defined by angiography with the need for endovascular intervention) and (2) patients with and without DCI.
RESULTS: 49 subjects with aSAH underwent 323 total PLR recordings. For PLR recordings taken with (n=35) and without (n=241) radiographic vasospasm, significant differences were observed in MIN (35.0 ± 7.5 pixels with vasospasm versus 31.6 ± 6.2 pixels without; p=0.002). For PLR recordings taken with (n=43) and without (n=241) DCI, significant differences were observed in MAX (48.9 ± 14.3 pixels with DCI versus 42.5 ± 9.2 pixels without; p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative smartphone pupillometry has the potential to be used to detect radiographic vasospasm and DCI after aSAH.
Published studies in animals demonstrate that the use of anesthetic agents during the period of rapid brain growth or synaptogenesis results in widespread neuronal and oligodendrocyte cell loss in the developing brain and alterations in synaptic morphology and neurogenesis. Based on comparisons across species, the window of vulnerability to these changes is believed to correlate with exposures in the third trimester through the first several months of life, but may extend out to approximately 3 years of age in humans.

In primates, exposure to 3 hours of an anesthetic regimen that produced a light surgical plane of anesthesia did not increase neuronal cell loss, however, treatment regimens of 5 hours or longer increased neuronal cell loss. Data in rodents and in primates suggest that the neuronal and oligodendrocyte cell losses are associated with subtle but prolonged cognitive deficits in learning and memory. The clinical significance of these nonclinical findings is not known, and healthcare providers should balance the benefits of appropriate anesthesia in neonates and young children who require procedures against the potential risks suggested by the nonclinical data (see WARNINGS, Pediatric Neurotoxicity and PRECAUTIONS, Pregnancy and Pediatric Use).

For more information concerning this drug, please call 1-800-438-1985 or visit WWW.PFIZER.COM.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, please call 1-800-438-1985 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Paradoxical reaction in non-HIV tuberculosis (TB) is a clinical and/or radiologic worsening of a patient s pre-existing TB while receiving anti-TB medications. This phenomenon has been clinically well described for many years and is thought to occur in 10%-25% of HIV-negative patients starting treatment for TB. Paradoxical reactions are diagnosed by excluding other possible causes for worsening of TB signs and symptoms, such as a second infection or treatment failure. However, challenges in culturing TB can complicate early diagnosis of paradoxical reactions.

This is an observational study intended to improve understanding of the pathogenesis of paradoxical response to treatment in TB-infected patients who do not have HIV. We plan to follow up to 20 patients with TB who have already initiated or have previously completed treatment and are suspected to have paradoxical reactions, as well as about 40 patients taking TB treatment without signs of paradoxical reactions (controls). All participants will have regular study visits for clinical assessments, blood and sputum collections, positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) scans, and optional leukapheresis. Radiography and laboratory evaluations will be performed to identify biomarkers, clinical signs, and molecular explanations for paradoxical reactions. Better understanding of characteristics of paradoxical reactions will assist in earlier diagnosis or even prediction.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new concept patch agent of crude medicine not only making the pain easier by adhering to the diseased part but also free from side effects even adhering to the skin because the agent uses natural products as the active ingredient. SOLUTION: This patch agent of the crude medicine uses natural products as the active ingredient. The agent uses gardenia crest and raw Rehmannia glutinosa and additionally formulates Miso (fermented soybean paste), flour and green tea in a specific ratio. The patch agent is prepared by packaging a mixture of 100 pts.wt. of the gardenia crest, 50 to 200 pts.wt. of the raw Rehmannia glutinosa, 30 to 120 pts.wt. of the Miso and 10 to 120 pts.wt. of the flour This patch agent prevents side effects caused to the use of an organic compound and has maximization effect of the crude medicine by using each crude medicine in a state close to natural state without subjecting to a chemical treatment.