anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious global health problem. It ranks the fifth in incidence and third in cancer-related mortality at Hong Kong in 2015. The disease has high mortality rate, and surgery is the only curative therapy although only 30% of patients are diagnosed early enough to undergo liver resection or transplantation or radiofrequency ablation (RFA). For inoperable patients with disease limited to liver, trans-arterial chemo-embolization (TACE) is the most commonly used therapy. Previous randomized studies have demonstrated its survival benefit, however it rarely cures the disease; also its efficacy is very limited in patients with sizable tumor or multi-focal diseases. Efforts have been made to improve the response of treatment, but none has consistently demonstrated the benefit. As a result, over the past decade, there is no major advancement in the treatment strategy for intermediate stage HCC patients. Recently, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as one of the promising local therapy of HCC. This advanced radiotherapy technique allows killing of cancer cells by delivering a potent dose of radiation with excellent geometric precision. Data have demonstrated its favorable local control rate and toxicity profile in locally advanced HCC. Further, recent studies, including our series, indicated that combining SBRT and TACE is therapeutically superior. As such, it is postulated that combined TACE+SBRT is a more potent local therapy than TACE in preventing tumor progression, and it may potentially translate into survival benefit.

The recent discovery in immune-oncology represents another breakthrough in management of HCC. Pre-clinical data showed that there is high expression of immunosuppressive cells and up-regulation of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) immune checkpoints in the HCC microenvironment; it provides the rationale for immunotherapy to be used in this setting. This premise was supported by several early phase clinical studies, in which anti-PD-1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy resulted in a durable response and favorable survival. More intriguingly, there are scientific and clinical data in supporting the synergy between immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and SBRT for both local tumor regression and distant control (out-of-the-field abscopal) effect. For high risk HCC, such approach may warrant further exploration.

Based on all these, a hypothesis is made that combined TACE+SBRT followed by immunotherapy is a promising strategy in treating unresectable HCC. In this single-arm prospective phase II study, it is aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of this treatment regime.
Individuals will be provided with menus prescribed at 70% of calculated energy requirements every day for 8 weeks. The menus will encourage breakfast and after-dinner consumption of the snack to eat over at least a 12 hour time frame per day (e.g. 8:00 - 20:00), except 1 evening meal per week off the program (i.e. Saturday nights) to assist with overall adherence.
BACKGROUND: Patients with cirrhosis have increased risk of perioperative complications, and surgical management of concomitant rectal prolapse poses a challenge in these patients. Given the paucity of data informing this, our study aimed to evaluate postoperative outcomes.
METHODS: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients undergoing rectal prolapse repair from 2011 to 2019. Patients were stratified by cirrhosis (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease ≥10) and no cirrhosis. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were used to compare comorbidities, repair types, and identify predictors of postoperative outcomes.
RESULTS: We identified 2,234 patients: 332 patients with cirrhosis (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease 14 [10-34]). Patients with cirrhosis were older (76 ± 12 years vs 69 ± 17, P < .001) with increased comorbidities (eg, heart failure, lung disease), greater mortality (3.6% vs 0.8%, P < .001), and complication rates compared with patients without cirrhosis. Readmission rates and longer hospital stays also were observed in patients with cirrhosis. A total of 52% of NCPs underwent abdominal repair compared with 62% of patients with cirrhosis who received perineal repair; greater complication rates were observed for abdominal repairs in both groups (patients without cirrhosis 11.4%, patients with cirrhosis 25%). Predictors of greater complication rates in patients with cirrhosis included abdominal repair (odds ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.4-5, P = .002) and presence of ascites (odds ratio 4.6, 95% confidence interval 1.1-20, P = .04).
CONCLUSION: Overall, abdominal repairs have greater complication rates even when controlling for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score and presence of ascites. The Delorme procedure had the lowest complication rates. Additional evidence is needed to recommend a preferred surgical approach to rectal prolapse repair in patients with cirrhosis.
PURPOSE: To obtain a new and safe beauty component effective to prevent or improve a spot or a freckle, etc., having a beauty skin effect by including hydroxytyrosol having a strong melanin generation-suppressing action and lipoperoxide generation-suppressing action as an active component. CONSTITUTION: This melanin generation-suppressing agent or a lipoperoxide generation-suppressing agent for mixing in a skin external medicine contains hydroxytyrosol expressed by formula I, i.e., 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol as an active component. This skin external medicine or a bathing agent has the object to prevent or improve troubles of skin such as chromatosis, e.g. a spot, a freckle or chapping or dryness of skin. The hydroxytyrosol of the formula I is obtained by extraction of olive oil, etc. Otherwise, the hydroxytyrosol is also obtained from 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid of formula II through 3,4- dihydroxyphenylacetic acid of formula III.
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of metformin use. It typically occurs in patients who are diabetic and also have other risk factors for lactic acidosis, including kidney and liver conditions, malignancy, or use of certain medications. We report a case of MALA in a man in his 70s with diabetes who presented with gradually worsening gastrointestinal symptoms, including severe abdominal pain and nausea. He reported these symptoms in the setting of metformin use with an acute kidney injury (AKI), likely brought on by poor oral intake and excessive antibiotic use for a urinary tract infection. He was promptly started on intravenous fluids with a bicarbonate drip to concurrently treat his prerenal AKI and lactic acidosis, which resulted in rapid resolution of his symptoms. Renal function normalised within 12 days of admission. Since diabetic patients commonly use metformin and are also at higher risk of renal dysfunction, this case highlights the vulnerability of this group of patients and the need for increased knowledge and awareness of MALA.
In Period 1 : Subjects will receive via a prefilled syringe an active dose equivalent to 1.0ml of Etanercept solution once weekly SC once weekly. Additionally they will continue to take the background non steroidal anti inflammatory drug(NSAID) in the tolerated dose agreed upon by the attending Physician.
AIM: To present symptoms and surgical results of patients operated on with the diagnosis of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in adulthood.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 20 patients older than 18 years were evaluated. There were 17 female and 3 male patients. Patient demographics, clinical and surgical results were evaluated.
RESULTS: The mean age was 29.9 years and the mean follow-up period was 30 months. Of the 20 patients with low back and leg pain, 16 had relief. Two were partially benefited and 2 were unchanged. In nine patients, carrying heavy loads, excessive exercise, childbirth, and walking too long before the onset of symptoms were detected. Complaint of urinary incontinance was improved only in one patient. Three of them continued with frequent urination. There was no change in two of them. There was no improvement in sensory dysfunction and sphincter dysfunction.
CONCLUSION: In patients diagnosed with TCS in adulthood, symptoms may begin with physical activity, and clinical recovery is better when early surgery is performed.
Described is a flowable composition suitable for use as a controlled release implant. The flowable composition comprising biodegradable thermoplastic polyester that is insoluble in aqueous medium or body fluids. The flowable composition also comprises biocompatible polar aprotic solvent. Biocompatible polar aprotic solvent is miscible to dispersible in aqueous medium or body fluids. The flowable composition also comprises leuprolide acetate.  The invention directly deals with a method for forming the flowable composition. The invention is also focused on biodegradable implant formed in situ, in a patient body. The biodegradable implant is prepared by the process of injecting a flowable composition within the body of the patient and, where is allowing the polar aprotic solvent to dissipate and so to produce a solid biodegradable implant. Further is described the solid implant comprising a biocompatible thermoplastic polyester and leuprolide acetate. The solid imlant has a solid or gelatinous matrix, wherein the matrix being a core surrounded by a skin. The solid implant may furher contain a biocompatible organic solvent.
OBJECTIVE: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a prevalent condition in reproductive-aged women that significantly decreases the quality of life. A thorough history is necessary to determine the causes of AUB, which were categorized by the AUB System 2 (PALM-COEIN). AUB has been associated with retained intrauterine objects. However, studies regarding AUB caused by retained stitches of the cervical cerclage were limited.
CASE REPORT: We present two cases of AUB caused by retained stitches of the cervical cerclage. Both cases were successfully treated by removing the retained stitches by hysteroscopy.
CONCLUSION: A comprehensive history is crucial to AUB evaluation, especially a previous history of iatrogenic processes, such as intrauterine device placement, retained cerclage stitches, or other foreign bodies.
PURPOSE:To obtain a hydrogel which can release or hold physiologically active materials by a suitable external stimulus by subjecting a copolymer consisting of an ionizable monomer selected from N-isopropyl acrylamide, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and a crosslinking agent to alkaline hydrolysis. CONSTITUTION:The N-isopropyl acrylamide and the acrylic acid or methacrylic acid are copolymerized in the presence of the crosslinking agent and the resulted copolymer is hydrolyzed by the alkali, by which the hydrogel is produced. The anionic monomer, such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, is preferably brought into reaction at 10 to 50 pts.wt. ratio per 100 pts. wt. N-isopropyl acrylamide at the time of the reaction of the N-isopropyl acrylamide and the acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, etc., are used as the crosslinking agent to be made copresent in the reaction system at this time and are used preferably at 2 to 15 pts.wt. per 100 pts.wt. N-isopropyl acrylamide.
Valproic acid is a carboxylic acid designated as 2-propylpentanoic acid. It is also known as dipropylacetic acid. Valproic acid has the following structure:

Valproic acid (pKa 4.8) has a molecular weight of 144 and occurs as a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. It is slightly soluble in water (1.3 mg/mL) and very soluble in organic solvents.

Valproic acid oral solution is an antiepileptic for oral administration. The oral solution contains the equivalent of 250 mg valproic acid per 5 mL as the sodium salt.

Inactive Ingredients

Oral Solution: Glycerin, methylparaben, propylparaben, sodium hydroxide, sorbitol, sucrose, purified water, FD&C Red No. 40 and flavor wild cherry.
Risk Summary

Limited data from published literature reports the presence of risperidone and its metabolite, 9-hydroxyrisperidone, in human breast milk at relative infant dose ranging between 2.3% and 4.7% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage. There are reports of sedation, failure to thrive, jitteriness, and extrapyramidal symptoms (tremors and abnormal muscle movements) in breastfed infants exposed to risperidone (see Clinical Considerations). Risperidone has been detected in plasma in adult subjects up to 8 weeks after a single-dose administration of RISPERDAL CONSTA [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] , and the clinical significance on the breastfed infant is not known. There is no information on the effects of risperidone on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for RISPERDAL CONSTA and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from RISPERDAL CONSTA or from the mother's underlying condition. 

Clinical Considerations

Infants exposed to RISPERDAL CONSTA through breastmilk should be monitored for excess sedation, failure to thrive, jitteriness, and extrapyramidal symptoms (tremors and abnormal muscle movements).
PURPOSE: Provided is a method for separating and refining hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, which prevents particles from lumping and removes phthalic anhydride, phthalic acid, and an acetic acid solvent effectively. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the steps of: adding 2-4pts.wt.(based on hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose of 1pts.wt.) of a fluidizing solvent selected from water or C1-C5 low alcohol to a produced mixture of the hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate obtained by reacting the hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, alkali acetate, phthalic anhydride, alkali chlorate in the acetic acid solvent; injecting the resultant into 10-20pts.wt. of water through a spray nozzle with an air or nitrogen press velocity of 3-8l/min; stirring, filtering, and drying. The refined hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate has a particle size of 50-300mesh(300-50um).
A device e.g. for sub-cutaneous implantation comprises a chamber containing an active ingredient which is released through a capillary bore, the rate of release being governed by the length and diameter of the bore. The active material can be i.e. a pharmaceutical, fungicide or nematocide. The device may be constructed from a cylindrical tube, one or both ends of which are closed with a piece of plastic capillary tube. Exemplified active ingredients are melatonin, insulin, oestradiol, pepsin and salbutanol.
Glipizide is an oral glucose-lowering medication that is beneficial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This study compiles exhaustively all accessible information on glipizide, from preclinical to clinical studies. Glipizide may be used in concert with TRAIL to treat cancer cells; in vitro studies have shown that it suppresses angiogenesis and vasculogenesis while shielding cells from glycation-induced damage. Anticonvulsant effects and modifications in the pharmacokinetics of other medications, such as Divalproex Sodium, were seen in glipizide in vivo experiments. Propranolol amplifies glipizide's hypoglycemic effect briefly in normal animals but consistently enhances it in diabetic ones. In the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative poly(Q) illnesses, glipizide has demonstrated to offer potential therapeutic advantages. It is ineffective in preventing DENA-induced liver cancer and may cause DNA damage over time. The way glipizide interacts with genetic variants may increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Combining Syzygium cumini and ARBE to glipizide may enhance glycemic and lipid control in type 2 diabetes. Individuals with coronary artery disease who take glipizide or glyburide have an increased risk of death. The risk of muscular responses and acute pancreatitis is minimal when glipizide and dulaglutide are combined. In conclusion, glipizide has shown promising therapeutic efficacy across a variety of disorders.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Head and neck cancer patients undergoing boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) often experience BNCT-induced nausea and vomiting (BINV). This study aimed to construct a BINV risk prediction model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 237 patients were randomly divided into a training and test cohort. In the training cohort, a univariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with BINV. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors and calculate coefficients for the model. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to assess the goodness of fit, and receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to evaluate the accuracy of the model. For both the training and test cohort, the predictive model was used to generate the scores and calculate the sensitivity and specificity.
RESULTS: The incidence of nausea and vomiting was 50% and 18%, respectively. Female sex, younger age, non-squamous cell carcinoma, no prior chemotherapy, and beam entry from the face/lateral region were associated with the occurrence of BINV. The prediction model showed a good fit (P = 0.96) and performance (area under the curve = 0.75). The sensitivity and specificity were 83% and45 % for the training cohort (n = 193) and 86% and 59% for the test cohort (n = 44), respectively.
CONCLUSION: We developed a simple model that predicts BINV. This will enable appropriate care to be implemented based on increased risk to prevent its occurrence.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accurately discriminate a mechanism in a discrimination of thinning hair and dehairing due to the mechanism except testosterone.  <P>SOLUTION: A manifestation state of cycline T1 in a hair-related cell under the presence and the absence of a specimen, is used for an index, and an influence on the hair due to the specimen is discriminated. The specimen, a hair papilla cell and/or a combined tissue sheath cell coexist on a specimen plate. A vehicle coexists on a control plate. They are synchronously cultured and discriminated by using a compared result of the manifestation state of the cycline T1 as the index.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
A wire-retractable input device including housing, a wire-winding mechanism and a connecting wire is provided. The wire-winding mechanism having a wire-passing chamber therein is disposed in the housing. The wire-winding mechanism includes a base and a rotary shaft that is pivotally connected to the base. The base and the rotary shaft respectively have a first through hole and a second through hole. The two through holes individually communicate with the wire-passing chamber and the outside of the wire-winding mechanism. The connecting wire passes through the wire-winding mechanism via the first through hole, the wire-passing chamber and the second through hole. When the rotary shaft pivots in proportion to the base, the connecting wire is coiled around the rotary shaft.
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the tolerance of escalating doses of ADSVF, one month after intramuscular injection in the finger flexors, in the non-dominant forearm. The second objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy in term of muscle repair (regenerative properties of ADSVF) and in term of muscle inflammation control, during 6 months, by functional strength tests, quantitative MRI and PBMC monitoring. This research is a phase I trial evaluating first the tolerance and second the efficacy of 3 escalating doses of ADSVF intramuscularly injected in the non-dominant forearm. The volume of injection will be of 1 ml in each of the 5 sites of the finger flexoses, in line at 1 cm apart, for a total dose of 5 millions (low dose) or 10 millions (intermediate dose) or 20 millions (high dose) of viable nucleated cells.These doses are chosen because of the perfect tolerance of intra-muscle injection of (in average) one million ADSVF per millilitre, with a total dose of viable nucleated cells injected between 2.5 and 8.6 millions.The cell treatment will be prepared from autologous uncultured Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction (ADSVF) isolated by centrifugation of adipose tissue obtain by liposuction. The study population will be adult patients suffering of an Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM) fulfilling the Lloyd criteria treated by sirolimus since at least 6 months (but still disabled) - who are part of group 1 or currently (for at least 3 months) without specific treatment for inclusion myositis - who are part of group 2. The main inclusion criteria are : Patients: with an age ≥ 45 and ≤ 80 years old, with IBM defined by the Lloyd criteria: muscle weakness of finger flexors or quadriceps, and endomysial inflammatory infiltrates on muscle biopsy, and presence of invaded fibers or rimmed vacuoles on muscle biopsy, who gave their written informed consent, affiliated to a social security regime (expected AME) ; and for: group 1: treated by sirolimus since at least 6 months (but still disabled ) - group 2: currently (for at least 3 months) without specific treatment for inclusion myositis - group 2. The duration of participation of the patients will be 7 months, included one month between maximum the inclusion visit and the injection visit, and 6 month of follow-up periof after ADSVF injection.
This is a Treatment clinical trial, randomized, controlled, parallel, double-blinded, with two groups, that aims to evaluate the best application strategy when using a flowable bulk fill composite (Opus Bulk Fill Flow APS, FGM, Brazil) in class II cavities. Volunteers will be selected and recruited, following inclusion criteria and pre-established exclusion criteria. All volunteers will be informed and sign a term of clarification and consent. All 38 enrolled patients will receive 76 Class II dental restorations, made in two different ways, one from each experimental group. All patients must have at only 20 teeth in function, must have at only 2 carious lesion in proximo-occlusal face in posterior teeth or old restorations in the same faces, with problems, that need to be changed. Those lesions must be more than 3 mm deep in occlusal area and more than 5 mm deep in at only one proximal area, should have exposed dentin, and must have at only 50% of margins in enamel. Teeth should not present periodontal mobility. Firstly, the patient will be anesthetized locally with 3% Mepivacaine solution, followed by prophylaxis with pumice powder and water. All cavities will be washed and dried after these procedures for optimal selection of color, using a color scale. Then, the rubber dam isolation of the teeth to be restored will be held. Proximo-occlusal lesions will receive the self-etch adhesive system Ambar Universal APS with selective acid etching, according to the manufacturers instrucions. Then, 2 different restorative protocols will be performed divided in two groups. Group Bulk Flow Proximal (BP): Opus Bulk Fill Flow APS resin will be used in the bulk technique with up to 5mm depth increments, leaving 1 mm in the occlusal for incremental Vittra APS composite resin, that will be used with the traditional incremental technique. Both composites will be light-cured with VALO light-cure unit (Ultradent, USA) for 40 seconds; Group Incremental Proximal (IP): Initially, proximal wall will be completely restored with Vittra APS composite resin, using the triangular incremental traditional technique described for classe II restorations. Then, Opus Bulk Fill Flow APS will be used in the bulk technique with up to 5mm depth increments, leaving 1 mm in the occlusal for incremental Vittra APS composite resin, that will be used with the traditional incremental technique. Both composites will be light-cured with VALO light-cure unit (Ultradent, USA) for 40 seconds. Immediate post-operative tooth sensitivity will be evaluated after one week. Restorations will be evaluated every 6 months for pain assessment, shape, fractures, staining, or recurrent caries, using scores. To determine in which group each tooth will be enrolled, the authors will randomize the teeth.