anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Sugar sweetened beverage consumption has been suggested as a risk factor for childhood asthma symptoms. We examined whether the UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL), announced in March 2016 and implemented in April 2018, was associated with changes in National Health Service hospital admission rates for asthma in children, 22 months post-implementation of SDIL. We conducted interrupted time series analyses (2012-2020) to measure changes in monthly incidence rates of hospital admissions. Sub-analysis was by age-group (5-9,10-14,15-18 years) and neighbourhood deprivation quintiles. Changes were relative to counterfactual scenarios where the SDIL wasn't announced, or implemented. Overall, incidence rates reduced by 20.9% (95%CI: 29.6-12.2). Reductions were similar across age-groups and deprivation quintiles. These findings give support to the idea that implementation of a UK tax intended to reduce childhood obesity may have contributed to a significant unexpected and additional public health benefit in the form of reduced hospital admissions for childhood asthma.
BACKGROUND: Phthalates are synthetic chemicals widely used in consumer products and have been identified to contribute to preterm birth. Existing studies have methodological limitations and potential effects of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) replacements are poorly characterised. Attributable fractions and costs have not been quantified, limiting the ability to weigh trade-offs involved in ongoing use. We aimed to leverage a large, diverse US cohort to study associations of phthalate metabolites with birthweight and gestational age, and estimate attributable adverse birth outcomes and associated costs.
METHODS: In this prospective analysis we used extant data in the US National Institutes of Health Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program from 1998 to 2022 to study associations of 20 phthalate metabolites with gestational age at birth, birthweight, birth length, and birthweight for gestational age z-scores. We also estimated attributable adverse birth outcomes and associated costs. Mother-child dyads were included in the study if there were one or more urinary phthalate measurements during the index pregnancy; data on child's gestational age and birthweight; and singleton delivery.
FINDINGS: We identified 5006 mother-child dyads from 13 cohorts in the ECHO Program. Phthalic acid, diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) were most strongly associated with gestational age, birth length, and birthweight, especially compared with DEHP or other metabolite groupings. Although DEHP was associated with preterm birth (odds ratio 1·45 [95% CI 1·05-2·01]), the risks per log10 increase were higher for phthalic acid (2·71 [1·91-3·83]), DiNP (2·25 [1·67-3·00]), DiDP (1·69 [1·25-2·28]), and DnOP (2·90 [1·96-4·23]). We estimated 56 595 (sensitivity analyses 24 003-120 116) phthalate-attributable preterm birth cases in 2018 with associated costs of US$3·84 billion (sensitivity analysis 1·63- 8·14 billion).
INTERPRETATION: In a large, diverse sample of US births, exposure to DEHP, DiDP, DiNP, and DnOP were associated with decreased gestational age and increased risk of preterm birth, suggesting substantial opportunities for prevention. This finding suggests the adverse consequences of substitution of DEHP with chemically similar phthalates and need to regulate chemicals with similar properties as a class.
FUNDING: National Institutes of Health.
BACKGROUND: Psychosomatic complaints have increased among adolescents in recent decades, as have overweight and obesity rates. Both of these trends are regarded as public health concerns. However, the associations between weight status and psychosomatic complaints are not yet clear, necessitating further research. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between weight status and psychosomatic complaints in Swedish adolescent boys and girls, as well as to explore the potential buffering effect of family support.
METHODS: The data was obtained from the cross-sectional Swedish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2017/18, which involved 3,135 students aged 11, 13, and 15 years. Weight status was based on self-reported information on weight and height, which allowed for the calculation of body mass index (BMI) and the categorisation of participants into three groups: non-overweight, overweight, and obese. Psychosomatic complaints were assessed based on information regarding the frequency of eight different complaints, which were summed into an index. Family support was measured using three items describing the level of perceived emotional support, and an index was created, which was dichotomised into low and high family support. Gender stratified linear regression models were run to examine the associations between weight status and psychosomatic complaints. Age and family affluence were included as covariates. Interaction terms were included to evaluate whether family support moderated the main association.
RESULTS: Obesity was associated with higher levels of psychosomatic complaints in both boys and girls when compared to being non-overweight (boys: b = 2.56, 95% CI 0.32, 4.79; girls: b = 3.35, 95% CI 0.77, 5.94), while being overweight did not show any statistically significant associations with the outcome (boys: b = 0.21, 95% CI -0.72, 1.15; girls: b = 0.78, 95% CI -0.42, 1.98). In girls, a statistically significant interaction effect between family support and weight status was observed (p = 0.031), indicating that family support buffered against psychosomatic complaints in girls with obesity. No statistically significant interaction was found for boys (p = 0.642).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study highlight the importance of public health initiatives aimed at preventing childhood obesity. They also underscore the significant role of family support in reducing psychosomatic complaints among adolescents with obesity. Further research is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of these relationships.
YL202 is provided as the lyophilized powder, 200 mg/vial. Locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients will be given YL202 by intravenously once every 3 weeks (Q3W) as a cycle.
Communication is a core component of a clinician's role; however, when clinicians conduct research, communicating the emerging findings and recommendations to different types of stakeholders can be unfamiliar territory. Communicating research to advocate for change can be even more challenging. Clinician researchers seeking to be agents for change need to conceive and craft specific, evidence-based messages and communicate these effectively to different stakeholders to negotiate action. As part of a global health research program, we developed and tested a novel game-based model to strengthen the communication skills of clinician researchers, from 4 countries, for improving services for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This model focused on communication with 3 key stakeholder groups for knowledge translation: Patients/carers, healthcare providers and policy makers/healthcare managers. Delivered through a series of facilitated, online meetings, this model consisted of 2 parts: developing and rehearsing advocacy messages with coaching support, and then testing them with a panel of 3 representative stakeholders, and an audience of fellow researchers. All the country teams reported increased confidence in crafting advocacy messages for specific stakeholders and have applied lessons learned from the model. Delivering this model within a global health research program requires mentoring, time, commitment, resources and translation support to address language barriers. It offers an exemplar to build the communication skills of clinician and non-clinician researchers so that they can go beyond dissemination toward translation of evidence into policy and practice.
Genomic characterization is an essential part of the clinical management of hematological malignancies for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Although CBA and FISH are still the gold standard in hematology for the detection of CNA and SV, some alternative technologies are intended to complement their deficiencies or even replace them in the more or less near future. In this article, we provide a technological overview of these alternatives. CMA is the historical and well established technique for the high-resolution detection of CNA. For SV detection, there are emerging techniques based on the study of chromatin conformation and more established ones such as RTMLPA for the detection of fusion transcripts and RNA-seq to reveal the molecular consequences of SV. Comprehensive techniques that detect both CNA and SV are the most interesting because they provide all the information in a single examination. Among these, OGM is a promising emerging higher-solution technique that offers a complete solution at a contained cost, at the expense of a relatively low throughput per machine. WGS remains the most adaptable solution, with long-read approaches enabling very high-resolution detection of CAs, but requiring a heavy bioinformatics installation and at a still high cost. However, the development of high-resolution genome-wide detection techniques for CAs allows for a much better description of chromoanagenesis. Therefore, we have included in this review an update on the various existing mechanisms and their consequences and implications, especially prognostic, in hematological malignancies.
One eye drop of Placebo comparator to MC-1101. Placebo contains all components of MC-1101 except for the active ingredient.
rectal foreign bodies have been reported to result in a varying range of complications. According to the Rectal Organ Injury Scale (ROIS) proposed by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, injuries caused by rectal foreign bodies range from Grade I to Grade V. Grade I injury is defined as hematoma without devascularization. Grade II injury includes partial thickness laceration less than 50% of circumference while Grade III injury demonstrates partial thickness laceration greater than 50% of circumference. Grade IV injury is noted as a full-thickness laceration extending into the perineum. Grade V injury demonstrates devascularized segment. Colonic organ injury scale grading is very similar to the ROIS with differences consisting of transection of the colon in grade IV and transection of the colon with devascularized segment and tissue loss in grade V. Prior studies suggest that most injuries resulting from inserted objects are classified as Grade I injuries.

Investigators from two separate studies suggested a nearly 10% complication rate in cases of attempted transanal bedside removals in the ED. The most commonly reported complications of bedside procedures were perforation of the rectum, followed by the rectal mucosal injury. One particular study noted that 17% of patients sustained perforation of colon. The underlying cause for such high rates of complications may be multifactorial, including the status of the patients, the presence of comorbidities, and delays in presentation to the hospital. To reduce the rate of complication various extraction methods such as the use of sigmoidoscopy. With the increased incidence of rectal foreign bodies and the associated complications, it is imperative to explore and determine a set of standards for the safe and effective removal of rectal foreign bodies. However, current literature is not clear as to the ideal setting. This study aims to further explore various methods of extraction, outcomes and complications associated with bedside attempts at removal of rectal foreign bodies.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject preparation or suppository capable of administering an antidemential agent hardly absorbable from the skin or being subjected to intrarectal administration or intravaginal administration, useful for a demented patient unable to orally administer a medicine, by including an antidemential agent. SOLUTION: This preparation or suppository contains an antidemential agent. For example, donepezil [namely, 1-benzyl-4-(5,6-dimethoxyindanon-6-yl) methylpiperidine] may be cited as the antidemential agent. In the case of percutaneous preparation, the preparation or suppository is preferably formulated with a higher alcohol such as decanol or a higher alcohol lactic acid ester such as cetyl lactate as a percutaneous absorption promoter, etc. The amount of the substance formulated is preferably 0.5-3 pts.wt. based on 1 pt.wt. of the antidemential agent. The content of the medicine in the preparation is preferably 0.1-5 wt.%. generally. In the case of suppository, the antidemential agent is formulated with a fatty acid triglyceride and/or a water-soluble polymer base.
Angiogenesis significantly correlates with tumor microenvironment remodeling and immunotherapy response. Our study aimed to construct a prognostic angiogenesis-related model for gastric cancer. Using public database, a angiogenetic related five-gene (FGF1, GRB14, PAK3, PDGFRA, and PRKD1) model was identified. The top 25 % of patients were defined as high-risk, and the remaining as low-risk. The area under the curve for 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) were 0.646, 0.711, and 0.793, respectively. Survival analysis showed a better 10-year OS in low-risk patients in the construction (HR = 0.57, p = 0.002) and validation cohorts. GO and GSEA revealed that DEGs were enriched in extracellular matrix receptor interactions, dendritic cell antigen processing/presentation regulation, and angiogenesis pathways. CIBERSORT analysis revealed abundant naïve B cells, resting mast cells, resting CD4+ memory T cells, M2 macrophages, and monocytes in high-risk subgroups. The TIMER database showed strong positive correlations between PAK3, FGF1, PRKD1, and PDGFRA expression levels and the infiltration of CD4+ T cells and macrophages. The IOBR analysis revealed an immunosuppressive environment in the high-risk subgroup. Low-risk patients show a higher response rate to anti-PD1 treatment. TMA showed that FGF1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis and CD4+ T cells and macrophage infiltration. In vivo study based on the 615 mice indicated that inhibiting FGF1 function could suppress tumor growth and enhance anti-PD1 therapeutic efficacy. In summary, we established a five-angiogenesis-related gene model to predict survival outcomes and immunotherapy responses in patients with gastric cancer and identified FGF1 as a prognostic gene and potential target for improving immune treatment.
BACKGROUND: Local anesthetic puncture is often related to the experience of pain. This study aimed to systematically analyze the literature on changes in pain perception during the anesthetic puncture of dental local anesthesia after Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic search was performed in eight primary databases (Embase, LILACS, BBO, LIVIVO, MedLine via PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science) and three additional ones (EASY, Google Scholar, and OATD) to partially capture the "gray literature". The PICO strategy was used to identify randomized clinical trials evaluating the analgesic effect of PBMT in the anesthetic puncture site of dental local anesthesia compared to placebo or control groups, without restrictions on publication language and year. Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed the individual risk of bias of the eligible studies using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool version 2.0.
RESULTS: The electronic search found 3,485 records, of which eight met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The studies were published from 2011 to 2022. None of the included studies had a low risk of bias. PBMT groups showed no significant difference in pain scores compared to placebo and control groups of most studies.
CONCLUSION: Based on a low to very low certainty of evidence, PBMT seems to have no effect on pain perception during anesthetic puncture in patients undergoing dental local anesthesia.
One important goal in anesthetic management during ocular surgery is to provide adequate control of intraocular pressure (IOP). An increase in IOP may be catastrophic in patients with glaucoma or a penetrating open-eye injury. There is an ongoing debate over the effect of anesthetic agents on the IOP. Anesthetic regimens in this surgical field commonly consist of short-acting anesthetic agents, such as propofol and sevoflurane, usually combined with short-acting analgesics, such as remifentanil. Both propofol and sevoflurane are known to reduce the IOP. Previous studies have compared these two anesthetics protocols in order to determine which provides superior control of the IOP. Propofol produced significantly lower IOP measurements compared to sevoflurane (both combined with remifentanil), in cataract surgery, whereas in non-ophthalmic surgery propofol and sevoflurane caused a comparable decrease in IOP. Sevoflurane, an inhalational anesthetic, has a rapid onset of action faster recovery time and is also suitable for inhalation induction because it does not irritate the airway. A prospective randomized clinical trial compared the effects of ketamine and sevoflurane on IOP during the eight minutes after induction of anesthesia (in 2-minute intervals) in children with suspected or diagnosed glaucoma undergoing EUA. During these 8 minutes the IOP decreased significantly only in the sevoflurane group. This finding contradicted claims that measurements immediately after induction are relatively unaffected by anesthetics and suggested that variations in sevoflurane concentration do affect the IOP. Yoshitake et al showed that the remarkable reductions of IOP after inductions are probably caused by induction agents, suggesting that sevoflurane is a useful anesthetic for elderly patients receiving ophthalmic surgeries. To this end there is no data in the literature to support or disprove this finding.

Study Hypothesis Variations in the end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations have no significant effect on the IOP.
Each dollar invested in maternal, child health (MCH) yields a nine-fold benefit. Home visiting has been repeatedly demonstrated efficacious in improving MCH outcomes, including when delivered by CHW in low and middle income countries (LMIC). However, when home visiting programs are scaled, they are not effective. Africa has particular challenges with broad implementation of effective interventions often associated with the poorly trained and poorly monitored health personnel, in this case, CHW who are perinatal home visitors.

The investigators have shown that with training, supervision, and accountability, CHW home visits are effective in a successful randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted in peri-urban townships in Cape Town, South Africa. CHW were trained to address HIV, alcohol, and malnutrition among all pregnant women in a neighborhood - to avoid stigma and to address multiple challenges concurrently. The visits significantly improved maternal and child outcomes over three years. Based on these results, the Philani Intervention Model served as one model for re-engineering primary health care for 65,000 CHW in South Africa. The Mthatha Provincial Government has agreed for the Philani Program to train, monitor, and supervise their already-hired CHW. This RCT will evaluate whether routinely implementing training and monitoring CHW behavior and MCH outcomes with mobile phones, and providing data-informed supervision, will result in CHW becoming more effective. Stellenbosch University interviewers will independently assess outcomes of each mother at pregnancy, and of the mothers and infants within two weeks of post-birth, 6 months, 15 months, and 24 months later. The primary outcome will be maternal HIV/TB testing, linkage to care, treatment adherence and retention in medical regimens, depression, and parenting; and her child's physical growth, cognitive functioning, and behavior adjustment.
On November 17-18, 2023, the VII Scientific and Practical Conference "Clinical Somnology" was held in Moscow. The conference was organized by the all-Russian public organization "Russian Society of Somnologists" (ROS). The forum discussed the issues of diagnostics and treatment of sleep disorders, also presented the topics of fundamental research, discussed new ways of studying sleep and the prospects of development of somnology as a science. The conference was attended by more than 250 participants from 38 regions. Broadcasting of the sessions of the first day of the event was watched by more than 270 listeners. Within 2 days of the conference 14 symposiums were held and 52 reports were presented.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. Circular RNA (circRNA)-IARS acts as an oncogene in multiple human tumors. However, the circ-IARS function in OS is unclear. This research aimed to elucidate the roles and mechanisms of circ-IARS in OS. In this study, circ-IARS expressions were raised in OS tissues and cells. circ-IARS expressions were closely related to clinical stage and distant metastasis. Furthermore, overall survival rates were reduced in OS patients with high circ-IARS levels. Also, silencing circ-IARS weakened OS cell proliferation and invasion, yet enhanced cell ferroptosis. Mechanistically, circ-IARS targeted miR-188-5p to regulate RAB14 expressions in OS cells. Moreover, circ-IARS knockdown repressed OS cell proliferation, invasion, and induced ferroptosis, yet these impacts were abolished by co-transfection with anti-miR-188-5p or pcDNA-RAB14. Meanwhile, interference with circ-IARS reduced OS cell proliferation, and decreased RAB14 (a member of the RAS oncogene family), GPX4, and xCT (crucial ferroptosis regulators) expressions in vivo. In conclusion, circ-IARS facilitated OS progression via miR-188-5p/RAB14.
BACKGROUND Cases involving penetrating abdominal trauma may be complex and often involve damage to multiple organ systems. Synthetic, biologic, and reinforced biologic matrices/reinforced tissue matrices (RBMs/RTMs) are frequently used in hernia repair and other surgical procedures requiring reinforcement, including trauma cases that require abdominal repair. CASE REPORT The first case was a 35-year-old male patient with a stab wound (SW) to the right side of the chest and the abdomen resulting in damage to the diaphragm, epicardium, liver, and duodenum. The second case was a 22-year-old male patient who suffered multiple traumas after an automated trencher accident, including a skull fracture with exposed brain and major lacerations to the shoulder and abdomen causing a large right-flank hernia. In both cases, OviTex® (TELA Bio, Inc., Malvern, PA), a reinforced tissue matrix (RTM), was used to help obtain and maintain abdominal wall closure. We also present an institutional economic analysis using data from the author's institution with average case cost and future projections for procedure volume and product usage volume through 2021. CONCLUSIONS We report favorable outcomes in a series of patients with contaminated (CDC Wound Class III) surgical fields who underwent abdominal wall closure and reinforcement with OviTex RTM. Our work adds to the growing body of literature suggesting that reinforced biologics offer a potential alternative to biological meshes in the setting of a contaminated surgical field. Additionally, in comparison to other commonly available biologic matrices, use of OviTex RTM may be a cost-effective option to achieve abdominal wall closure even in complex cases.