anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The chosen methodology is a randomised clinical trial where participants are allocated into one of two conditions; Contingency Management and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CM+), or Cognitive Behavioural Therapy alone (CBT) for the treatment of disordered gambling. Participants will experience a battery of tests pre- and post-treatment examining clinical, psychological, and behavioural issues, including co-morbid substance use. Alberta Rural Development Network (ARDN) affiliates will be provided with information regarding how participants can access the Qualtrics study site (e.g., an on-line survey hosting company) and will be individually directed to the study site by the principal investigator to complete the consent form and the base-line assessments. Counselling will be provided free of charge using Skype or Facetime video-conferencing internet applications. Participation in each condition will last 14 weeks: 12 weeks for treatment, and 2 weeks of assessments (one week prior to treatment and one week post treatment). Pre-treatment assessments (including demographic information) will take approximately 30-45 minutes, as will the post-treatment assessments. The progress check-ups by the Principal Investigator will take 5 to 10 minutes. A subset of treatment seekers, counsellors, and community/project stakeholders (e.g., ARDN affiliates) will also be chosen to participate in qualitative interviews to explore their experiences as well as their perceptions regarding the utility of the program for residents of rural and remote areas. The qualitative interviews will take approximately 30-60 minutes.
BACKGROUND: Oronasal fistula at the anterior hard palate is one of the common sequelae after cleft surgery, and the leakage negatively affects the patient's quality of life. Although several surgical techniques have been proposed for reconstruction, it remains challenging because of the scarred regional tissue with a high rate of fistula recurrence. In this study, we present the anterior oronasal fistula repair using a two-flap technique with an interpositional dermofat graft (DFG).
METHODS: A retrospective review of anterior oronasal fistula repair performed by the senior author between April 2018 and August 2022 at the Craniofacial Center was conducted. Patients who underwent a fistula repair using the technique were further identified and investigated.
RESULTS: Thirty-four operations were performed using the technique, and 31 fistulas were completely closed, with a success rate of 91.2%. The fistula symptom improved but persisted postoperatively in 3 patients, of whom 2 patients underwent a second fistula repair using the same procedure, resulting in successful closure. Fistula recurrence was significantly correlated with fistula size (p = 0.04). The DFG was simultaneously utilized for nasal dorsum and/or vermillion reconstruction in 28 cases.
CONCLUSION: The two-flap technique enabled tension-free approximation, and the interpositional DFG facilitated watertight closure of the fistula, resulting in a high success rate of anterior oronasal fistula repair. The fistula closure could be combined with other revisional procedures for cleft-related deformities, where the DFG was simultaneously utilized.
Delirium is common complications in postoperative critically ill patients. Although the mechanism of postoperative delirium is not well understood, there are several studies to report alternation of plasma melatonin levels after general anesthesia and suggest the link between delirium and abnormal tryptophan-serotonin-melatonin metabolism. However, there are few studies to assess the association of perioperative plasma melatonin levels with postoperative delirium and/or general anesthetics.

The investigators designed a prospective observational study to investigate the association of perioperative plasma melatonin levels with postoperative delirium and general anesthesia. The investigators included 33 patients required intensive care more than 48 hours after sevoflurane anesthesia in an academic tertiary care hospital. The investigators measured plasma melatonin levels and assessed postoperative delirium using Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU). The investigators compared perioperative plasma melatonin levels between patients with and without delirium, and assessed associations of patients' demographics and anesthesia with plasma melatonin levels.
Post isometric relaxation group (PIR group) will receive Oscillatory mobilization with post isometric relaxation technique. Treatment will be provided for 2 session/week for 3 weeks with 40 minutes/session. Patient will be assessed at baseline and after 3rd week of intervention.
The mega capsule can be prescribed by any physician, and in particular those professionals in the psychiatric field. The mega capsule will be a form of medication designed for a specific patient in mind. The capsule will help the patients understand their medications better and make it easier for them to take. The patient may only have to take the mega capsule once or twice a day and by doing that, the patient will feel more in control of their prescriptions. By inventing the mega capsule, we may lower the cost significantly for the patients. Altogether, it will make life easier for the patients and the physicians.
Patients receive XK469R IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1, 3, and 5. Courses repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Subjects will receive durvalumab and tremelimumab both via intravenous infusion once per day for every 28 day cycles (+ 7 days). Participants will receive tremelimumab for up to 4 cycles (4 doses). Beginning with cycle 5 day 1, subjects will continue to receive durvalumab alone, until clinical or radiological progression.
Nicotine Pouches represent a rapidly growing category in the U.S. tobacco market, but little is known about their health effects (including addiction) or effects on cigarette smoking. The investigators propose to use a randomized controlled trial methodology to inform FDA on the effects of nicotine pouch use in smokers interested in reducing their smoking but not quitting smoking. The specific aim of this proposal is to recruit a cohort of 330 current daily smokers with an interest in reducing smoking, and to measure a comprehensive battery of behavioral and health indicators at baseline, and over 16 weeks after being randomized to use Nicotine Pouches containing either 0mg, 3mg or 6mg nicotine in "Smooth" or Wintergreen flavors in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The trial will be conducted at two sites: Penn State Hershey and M.D. Anderson in Texas in order to recruit a diverse sample of smokers. This trial therefore addresses the scientific domain of Product Composition and Design (specifically nicotine content and flavor additives). The central hypothesis is that key markers of toxicity and health effects (e.g. urine NNAL, exhaled carbon monoxide \[CO\], measures of cigarette addiction \[e.g. Penn State Cigarette Dependence Index\], oxidative stress and oral B(a)P DNA adducts) will be significantly reduced in smokers who are provided high nicotine (6mg) Nicotine Pouches, relative to 0mg pouches. The investigators will also assess the effects of Nicotine Pouch content on Nicotine Pouch addiction, and the effects of pouch nicotine dose on cigarette and other tobacco product consumption. Lastly, investigators will also compare the effects in those randomized to "Smooth" versus Wintergreen flavors. After the 16-week randomized phase, participants will be encouraged to quit smoking and connected to telephone cessation services and then followed-up 4 weeks later (week 20) in order to ascertain whether the nicotine content of the pouches influenced intention and ability to quit smoking. At the completion of this rigorous double-blind randomized trial investigators will have a better understanding of the effects of Nicotine Pouches (and their nicotine content and flavor characteristics) on cigarette consumption and the resulting changes to markers of health risks, oral health and nicotine addiction.
The tangible outcome of this research will be measured in a comparative study. The investigators will compare the 3D printed models, resulting from the development of this iterative process of generating models from ultra-high resolution medical images and review by all parties, to radiological images and pathological data. The study team will employ non-biased methods to quantify the results of this comparative study. There will be no randomization and all subjects will receive the same treatments and all outcomes are data focused. Models will not be used for patient treatment and will be used only as to aid preparation and will not be used as a therapeutic device. For this reason, the study team will not prospectively consent subjects.
Additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store.

Some opacity of the plastic due to moisture absorption during sterilization process may be observed. This is normal and does not affect the solution quality or safety. The opacity will diminish gradually.

WARNING: Do not use flexible container in series connections.
BACKGROUND: Repair of an umbilical hernia is most often considered the less important condition when concomitant with other abdominal surgery. Despite this, the evidence for a concomitant umbilical hernia repair is sparse. The aim of this nationwide cohort study is to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of primary umbilical hernia repair and umbilical hernia repair concomitant with other abdominal surgery.
METHOD: Data from the Danish Hernia Database and the National Patients Registry from January 2007 to December 2018 was merged, resulting in identification of patients receiving umbilical hernia concomitant to another abdominal surgery (laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and laparoscopic appendectomy). This group was propensity score matched with patients undergoing umbilical hernia repair as a primary procedure. Outcome data included 90-day readmission, 90-day reoperation, and operation for recurrence.
RESULTS: A total of 3365 primary umbilical hernia repairs and 2418 umbilical hernia repairs concomitant to other abdominal surgery were included. Readmission (10.5%, 255/2418) and reoperation (3.8%, 93/2418) rates within 90 days were decreased for umbilical hernia repairs concomitant to other abdominal surgery, compared with primary umbilical hernia repairs (22.7%, 765/3365) and (10.5%, 255/3365), P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively. The rate of operation for recurrence was significantly increased for primary repairs (4.2%, 141/3365), compared with repairs concomitant to other abdominal surgery (3.2%, 77/2418), P = 0.014.
CONCLUSION: Outcome in umbilical hernia repair performed concomitant to laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, elective or emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy, or laparoscopic appendectomy is comparable to umbilical hernia repair without concomitant surgery.
The coflex device was designed to address the clinical needs of spinal stenosis patients by providing stabilization of the affected level without fusion. The coflex is an interspinous process functional dynamic implant designed to impart a stabilizing effect at the treated level(s). The coflex device was approved by FDA in 2012.
Sham rTMS is applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The individual DLPFC is located using the Beam F3 method. The stimulation intensity is 20% of the resting motor threshold of the left primary motor cortex, which is deemed completely ineffective in modulating brain excitability. We apply 6-session sham rTMS, with 2-3 times per week.
BACKGROUND: Adverse intrauterine environment was believed to have deleterious effects on the gonadal function. However, the association between impaired intrauterine growth and fertility in adult males has not been established.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the reproductive rates of males born small for gestational age (SGA), with low birth weight (LBW) or very low birth weight (VLBW) with control groups.
METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed to search PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases from inception to June 16, 2023. Cohort studies investigating the reproductive rates of males born SGA, with LBW or VLBW were included. A random or fixed effects model was used for different exposures.
RESULTS: A total of 10 studies out of 3,801 records were included. Males born SGA showed a higher risk of infertility than the control group (odds ratio, OR = 0.91, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.89-0.93, p = 0.000). The reproductive rates of individuals born with LBW or VLBW were lower than the control group (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.94, p = 0.001; OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.40-0.81, p = 0.002, respectively). Participants were further divided into two age groups of 18-35 and 35-45 years. In both subgroups, the reproductive rates were lower in males born SGA, with LBW or VLBW compared with controls. Sensitivity analysis showed the robustness of the pooled estimates among LBW and VLBW.
CONCLUSION: In summary, SGA, LBW, and VLBW were associated with a higher risk of male infertility in both early and middle adulthood. Achieving optimal intrauterine growth would be helpful to prevent male infertility.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex disorder that causes a gradual loss of kidney function, affecting approximately 9.1% of the world's population. Here, we use a soft-clustering algorithm to deconstruct its genetic heterogeneity. First, we selected 322 CKD-associated independent genetic variants from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and added association results for 229 traits from the GWAS catalog. We then applied nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) to discover overlapping clusters of related traits and variants. We computed cluster-specific polygenic scores and validated each cluster with a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) on the BioMe biobank (n = 31,701). NMF identified nine clusters that reflect different aspects of CKD, with the top-weighted traits signifying areas such as kidney function, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and body weight. For most clusters, the top-weighted traits were confirmed in the PheWAS analysis. Results were found to be more significant in the cross-ancestry analysis, although significant ancestry-specific associations were also identified. While all alleles were associated with a decreased kidney function, associations with CKD-related diseases (e.g., T2D) were found only for a smaller subset of variants and differed across genetic ancestry groups. Our findings leverage genetics to gain insights into the underlying biology of CKD and investigate population-specific associations.
Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category C  
Tramadol has been shown to be embryotoxic and fetotoxic in mice, (120 mg/kg or 360 mg/m2), rats (mg/kg or 150 mg/m2) and rabbits (mg/kg or 900 mg/m2) at maternally toxic dosages, but was not teratogenic at these dose levels. These dosages on a mg/m2 basis are 1.4,andtimes the maximum daily human dosage (246 mg/m2) for mouse, rat and rabbit, respectively.  
No drug-related teratogenic effects were observed in progeny of mice (up to 140 mg/kg or 420 mg/m2), rats (up to 80 mg/kg or 480 mg/m2) or rabbits (up to 300 mg/kg or 3600 mg/m2) treated with tramadol by various routes. Embryo and fetal toxicity consisted primarily of decreased fetal weights, skeletal ossification and increased supernumerary ribs at maternally toxic dose levels. Transient delays in developmental or behavioral parameters were also seen in pups from rat dams allowed to deliver. Embryo and fetal lethality were reported only in one rabbit study at 300 mg/kg (3600 mg/m2), a dose that would cause extreme maternal toxicity in the rabbit. The dosages listed for mouse, rat and rabbit are 1.7, 1.9 and 14.6 times the maximum daily human dosage (246 mg/m2), respectively.  
  
Non-teratogenic Effects  
Tramadol was evaluated in peri- and post-natal studies in rats. Progeny of dams receiving oral (gavage) dose levels of 50 mg/kg (300 mg/m2 or 1.2 times the maximum daily human tramadol dosage) or greater had decreased weights, and pup survival was decreased early in lactation at 80 mg/kg (480 mg/m2 or 1.9 and higher the maximum daily human dose).  
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Tramadol Hydrochloride should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Neonatal seizures, neonatal withdrawal syndrome, fetal death and still birth have been reported during post-marketing.
Morphine sulfate extended-release tablets can be administered as the initial oral morphine drug product; in this case, however, particular care must be exercised in the conversion process. Because of uncertainty about, and intersubject variation in, relative estimates of opioid potency and cross tolerance, initial dosing regimens should be conservative. It is better to underestimate the 24-hour oral morphine requirement than to overestimate. To this end, initial individual doses of morphine sulfate extended-release tablets should be estimated conservatively. In patients whose daily morphine requirements are expected to be less than or equal to 120 mg per day, the 30 mg tablet strength is recommended for the initial titration period. Once a stable dose regimen is reached, the patient can be converted to the 60 mg or 100 mg tablet strength, or an appropriate combination of tablet strengths, if desired.

Estimates of the relative potency of opioids are only approximate and are influenced by route of administration, individual patient differences, and possibly, by an individual’s medical condition. Consequently, it is difficult to recommend any fixed rule for converting a patient to morphine sulfate extended-release tablets directly. The following general points should be considered, however.

  1. Parenteral to Oral Morphine Ratio – Estimates of the oral to parenteral potency of morphine vary. Some authorities suggest that a dose of oral morphine only three times the daily parenteral morphine requirement may be sufficient in chronic use settings.
  2. Other Parenteral or Oral Opioids to Oral Morphine – Because there is lack of systematic evidence bearing on these types of analgesic substitutions, specific recommendations are not possible.



Physicians are advised to refer to published relative potency data, keeping in mind that such ratios are only approximate. In general, it is safer to underestimate the daily dose of morphine sulfate extended-release tablets required and rely upon ad hoc supplementation to deal with inadequate analgesia. (See discussion which follows.)
A composite vaccine for the immunization of dogs or foxes against distemper and Hepatitis contagiosa canis (H.C.C.) is prepared by mixing an aqueous suspension of an apathogenic distemper virus obtained from developing thick embryos with an aqueous suspension of H.C.C. virus which has been isolated from the liver and/or spleen of dogs or from tissue cultures and has been inactivated with an excess of formaldehyde, the excess of formaldehyde being chemically bound after inactivation of the virus by adding 1 1/2 to 2 times the stoichiometric quantity of an acid salt of sulphurous acid especially sodium bisulphite. The vaccine contains (a) 50% of the distemper component consisting of 50% chlorio-allantoic material containing distemper virus, 40% beef nutrient broth of pH 7.6 and 10% aqueous glucose and (b) 50% H.C.C. component preferably consisting of 75% aqueous suspension of inactivated H.C.C. virus and 25% aqueous aluminium hydroxide suspension.  The chlorio-allantoic membranes of chick eggs are inoculated with a 4% aqueous suspension of a modified distemper virus in aqueous phosphate buffer of pH 7.6, incubated 5 days at 37 DEG  C., the chlorio-allantoic membranes removed, homogenized in ice and diluted with the above beef tea and glucose. H.C.C. containing liver and spleen of dogs is homogenized in ice, suspended in water and treated with 35% formaldehyde for one hour. After storage for one week at 4 DEG  C., the supernatant liquid is mixed with 2% aqueous sodium bisulphite and excess free formaldehyde is fixed with sodium bisulphite.  H.C.C. is also obtained from a tissue culture of dog kidney cells.  The mixed vaccine is lyophilised and may be used in admixture with pharmaceutical diluents.
Affecting 5%-10% of the world population, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is firmly established as one of the major health burdens of modern society. People with T2DM require long-term therapies to reduce blood glucose, an approach that can mitigate the vascular complications. However, fewer than half of those living with T2DM reach their glycaemic targets despite the availability of multiple oral and injectable medications. Adherence and access to medications are major barriers contributing to suboptimal diabetes treatment. The gastrointestinal tract has recently emerged as a target for treating T2DM and altering the underlying disease course. Preclinical and clinical analyses have elucidated changes in the mucosal layer of the duodenum potentially caused by dietary excess and obesity, which seem to be prevalent among individuals with metabolic disease. Supporting these findings, gastric bypass, a surgical procedure which removes the duodenum from the intestinal nutrient flow, has remarkable effects that improve, and often cause remission of, diabetes. From this perspective, we explore the rationale for targeting the duodenum with duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR). We examine the underlying physiology of the duodenum and its emerging role in T2DM pathogenesis, the rationale for targeting the duodenum by DMR as a potential treatment for T2DM, and current data surrounding DMR. Importantly, DMR has been demonstrated to change mucosal abnormalities common in those with obesity and diabetes. Given the multifactorial aetiology of T2DM, understanding proximate contributors to disease pathogenesis opens the door to rethinking therapeutic approaches to T2DM, from symptom management toward disease modification.
The tetracycline transactivator (tTA) system provides controllable transgene expression through oral administration of the broad-spectrum antibiotic doxycycline. Antibiotic treatment for transgene control in mouse models of disease might have undesirable systemic effects resulting from changes in the gut microbiome. Here we assessed the impact of doxycycline on gut microbiome diversity in a tTA-controlled model of Alzheimer's disease and then examined neuroimmune effects of these microbiome alterations following acute LPS challenge. We show that doxycycline decreased microbiome diversity in both transgenic and wild-type mice and that these changes persisted long after drug withdrawal. Despite the change in microbiome composition, doxycycline treatment had minimal effect on basal transcriptional signatures of inflammation the brain or on the neuroimmune response to LPS challenge. Our findings suggest that central neuroimmune responses may be less affected by doxycycline at doses needed for transgene control than by antibiotic cocktails at doses used for experimental microbiome disruption.