anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
A model construction of systemic acute leukemia is challenging. Herein, we established a systemic leukemia mouse model using highly immunodeficient NPG mice without any immunosuppressive treatments. NPG mice received tail intravenous injection of SHI-1 cells at the concentration of 1×107 cells (group A) or 5×107 cells (group B) and randomly sacrificed each seven days post-inoculation. Tumor development was monitored using nested-PCR, peripheral blood-smear analysis, flow cytometry, pathological examinations, and immunohistochemistry. The median survival of mice in groups A and B were 33.0 and 30.0 days, respectively. Blast cells in peripheral blood appeared on day 14 in group B, and on day 21 in group A. In addition, SHI-1 cell specific MLL-AF6 mRNA was detected in both spleen and bone marrow on day 14 post-inoculation. 21 days after inoculation, we observed human CD45+CD33+ cells with an SH-1-immunophenotype in the peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow, as well as solid neoplasms in multiple organs. Moreover, the histologically infiltrated leukemic cells expressed CD45. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated the normal growth of SHI-1 cells in the NPG mice without immunosuppression, which caused systemic leukemia similar to that observed in acute leukemia patients. We developed an efficient and reproducible model to study leukemia pathogenesis and progression.
INTRODUCTION: Preterm birth (PTB) frequently results from the syndrome of preterm labor (PTL). PTL is linked to an atypical maternal inflammatory response, as well as intrauterine inflammation and/or infection. In this study, we explored the mechanisms involved in nicotine-mediated abnormal macrophage polarization and trophoblast invasion associated with PTL.
METHODS: First, THP-1-M0 macrophages were generated by treating the human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate for a duration of 24 h. Afterward, nicotine treatment was administered, followed by coculturing with the HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cell line (HTR-8) at a ratio of 1:1. Next, we transfected sh-α7nAChR and treated THP-1-M0 macrophages and HTR-8 cells with nicotine. In addition, we transfected THP-1-M0 macrophages with sh-NC or sh-SIRT1 or subjected them to 4 nM nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolic inhibitor FK866 treatment. Moreover, HTR-8 cells were treated with nicotine, after which THP-1-M0 macrophages were cocultured with HTR-8 cells. Finally, we constructed an in vivo RU486-induced PTL rat model to verify the effect of nicotine and the mechanisms involved.
RESULTS: We found that nicotine affected polarization and α7nAChR expression in HTR-8 cocultured THP-1-M0 macrophages. Knocking down α7nAChR blocked the effect of nicotine on the proliferation and invasion of HTR-8 cells. Furthermore, nicotine activated the α7nAChR/SIRT1 axis to regulate THP-1-M0 macrophage polarization through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Additionally, NAD metabolism mediated the role of the α7nAChR/SIRT1 axis in nicotine-induced polarization of HTR-8 cocultured THP-1-M0 macrophages. In vivo experiments demonstrated that nicotine alleviated inflammation in PTL rats, which involved the α7nAChR/SIRT1 axis.
CONCLUSION: Nicotine regulated abnormal macrophage polarization and trophoblast invasion associated with PTL via the α7nAChR/SIRT1 axis.
A hub includes a local area network interface component, first and second system-on-module ("SOM") modules and a processor. The local area network interface component is configured to communicate data with a medical device. The first SOM is configured to interface with a first communications channel. The second SOM is configured to interface with a second communications channel. The processor is configured to package the data from the medical device into at least one packet. A packet of the at least one packet includes a header, and the processor is further configured to operatively communicate with one of the first and second SOMs to communicate the at least one packet over one of the first and second communications channel.
BACKGROUND: The increasing incidence of gastric cancer in the elderly underscores the need for an in-depth understanding of the challenges and risks associated with surgical interventions in this demographic. This study aims to investigate the risk factors and prognostic indicators for non-cancer-related mortality following curative surgery in elderly gastric cancer patients.
METHODS: This retrospective analysis examined 684 patients with pathological Stage I-III gastric cancer who underwent curative resection between January 2012 and December 2021. The study focused on patients aged 70 years and above, evaluating various clinical and pathological variables. Univariate analysis was utilized to identify potential risk factors with to non-cancer-related mortality and to access prognostic outcomes.
RESULTS: Out of the initial 684 patients, 244 elderly patients were included in the analysis, with 33 succumbing to non-cancer-related causes. Univariate analysis identified advanced age (≥ 80 years), low body mass index (BMI) (< 18.5), high Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and the presence of overall surgical complications as significant potential risk factors for non-cancer related mortality. These factors also correlated with poorer overall survival and prognosis. The most common cause of non-cancer-related deaths were respiratory issues and heart failure.
CONCLUSION: In elderly gastric cancer patients, managing advanced age, low BMI, high CCI, and minimizing postoperative complications are essential for reducing non-cancer-related mortality following curative surgery.
Solid abdominal organ transplantation is fraught with variable rates of rejection and graft versus host disease (GVHD). We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of an advanced extracellular vesicle (EV) investigational product (IP) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the transplant patient population. Seven separate emergency investigational new drug (eNIDs) were filed with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the emergency treatment of rejection of an isolated intestinal graft (n = 2), liver allograft graft (n = 2), modified multivisceral graft (n = 3), and GVHD in isolated intestinal transplant patients (n = 2). Fifteen milliliters of IP was administered intravenously on Day 0, 2, 4, and this treatment cycle was repeated up to four times in each patient depending on the treatment protocol allowed by the FDA. Safety (adverse event reporting) and efficacy (clinical status, serologies, and histopathology) were evaluated. There were no adverse events related to IP. All patients had improvement in clinical symptoms within 24 h, improved serologic laboratory evaluation, improved pulmonary symptoms and dermatologic manifestations of GVHD, and complete histologic resolution of graft inflammation/rejection within 7 days of IP administration. Systemic use of a MSC-derived EV IP was successful in achieving histological clearance of intestinal, liver, and multivisceral graft inflammation, and skin and pulmonary manifestations of GVHD.
OBJECTIVES: An increasing number of pediatric patients undergo tracheostomy placement annually. Despite advances in care, these patients remain at high risk for postoperative complications, including respiratory infections. The risk factors for positive respiratory cultures and the impact of culture positivity on overall morbidity and mortality in this population is not fully characterized.
STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of all patients within a single tertiary care institution who underwent tracheostomy placement from January 1, 2019 to 12/31/2021.
METHODS: We collected patient demographic information, comorbidities, primary indication for tracheostomy placement, and respiratory culture information preoperatively and postoperatively. The primary outcome measure was positive bacterial respiratory culture with speciation within 1, 3, or 6 months of tracheostomy placement. The secondary outcome measure was all-cause mortality within the study period.
RESULTS: A total of 180 patients with median (IQR) age of 5.2 (3.4-31.0) months at time of tracheostomy placement were included in the study. Nearly half of patients had a positive culture within 1 month (n = 81,47.4 %) while 63.7 % of patients were positive within 6 months of tracheostomy placement (n = 109). Risk factors included respiratory and/or cardiac comorbidities. Positive respiratory cultures within 6 months of surgery and cardiac and/or neurologic comorbidities were associated with increased all-cause mortality following tracheostomy placement.
CONCLUSIONS: Positive respiratory cultures are common following tracheostomy placement, more so in patients with cardiac and pulmonary comorbid conditions. Positive cultures are associated with increased all-cause mortality. More work is necessary to determine optimal screening frequency and treatment protocols for positive cultures in this population.
The control, low-fat diet will contain 55:25:20 %energy from CHO: protein: fat based on the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) My Plate Daily Food Plan and our groups previous work. For example, an 1800 kcal/d plan will include 5 ounces lean meats, 3 cups low-fat dairy, 6 ounces of whole grains, 1 ½ cups fruit, 2 ½ cups vegetables (starchy and non-starchy) and limited fats.
The contamination of water due to heavy metals (HMs) is a big concern for humankind; particularly in developing countries. This research is a systematic review, conducted by searching google scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Springer, and Scopus databases for related published papers from 2010 to July 2021, resulting in including 40 articles. Among the analyzed HMs in the presented review, the average content of Cr, Pb, Ba, Al, As, Zn, and Cd exceeded the permissible limits suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) and 1,053 Iranian standards. Also, the rank order of Hazard Quotient (HQ) of HMs was defined as Cd>As>Cr>Pb>Li for children which means Cd has the highest non-carcinogenic risk and Li has the least. This verifies to the current order As>Cr>Pb>Fe=Zn=Cu>Cd for adults. The corresponded values of HQ and Hazard Index (HI) in most cities and villages were investigated and the results indicated a lower than 1 value, which means consumers are not at non-carcinogenic risk (HQ). Carcinogenic risk (CR) of As in the adult and children consumers in most of the samples (58.82% of samples for both groups) were investigated too, and it was more than>1.00E-04 value, which determines that consumers are at significant CR.
Randomized patients are given 15 mg of pioglitazone daily, increased to 60 mg after 12 weeks. Adherence is evaluated and after the first phase, the arm is opened. Fasting plasma glucose concentration, body weight, and blood pressure, fasting plasma lipids (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol), HbA1c are measured during the initial and final week of treatment. Dietary adherence is reinforced.
Dementia is a chronic, progressive brain disease that may involve a number of symptoms, including memory loss and changes in personality, behavior, judgment, attention span, language and thought. The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease. Over time, patients with Alzheimer's disease may lose ability to perform daily tasks related to personal care (for example bathing, dressing, eating) and may be unable to handle money or travel to familiar places. Previous short-term studies have shown galantamine to be safe and effective in treating patients with Alzheimer's disease, however the long-term safety and effectiveness of galantamine have not been examined. This multicenter, randomized study will assess whether long-term treatment with galantamine will delay the onset of symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease and examine the safety and effectiveness of long-term treatment with galantamine. Patients will receive 12 months of open-label treatment with galantamine, followed by 24 months of double-blind treatment with galantamine or placebo. Safety evaluations (incidence of adverse events, physical examinations, 12 lead ECGs, vital signs, laboratory tests) will be performed throughout the study. Effectiveness will be determined using standard tests and rating scales to assess mental status, functioning, thinking, behavior, judgment and language (Mini Mental Status Exam \[MMSE\], Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale \[ADAS-cog\]; Disability Assessment for Dementia \[DAD\], and Clinician's Interview Based Impression of Changes plus Family Input \[CIBIC-plus\]). After the first 4 weeks, assessments will be performed every 3 months during the open-label phase (first 12 months) and then every 6 months during the double-blind phase (13-36 months). Patients whose symptoms worsen as defined by an increase of \> or = to 4 points in their ADAS-cog score from the start of the double-blind phase will be withdrawn from the study. The study hypothesis is that long-term treatment with galantamine will be effective in delaying the cognitive deterioration in patients with Alzheimer's disease and that galantamine is well-tolerated with long term treatment. Galantamine 4 milligrams twice daily by mouth for 4 weeks, then 8 milligrams twice daily for 48 weeks. Thereafter, galantamine will be given as 8 milligrams twice daily for an additional 24 months.
The invention belongs to fields of chemistry and a medicine, and relates to a novel peptide active antineoplastic cyclopeptide compound. The molecular formula of the structure of the compound is C51H91N9O9. The compound of GG-8 has six isomerides consisting of residues of leucine, isoleucine, valine, and proline. The structure of one isomeride is represented by cyclo-(leu1-leu2-leu3-leu4-val1-leu5-val2-il-pro). Experiments show that GG-8 expresses relatively high inhibitory activity to experimental cell strains of the human liver cancer and stomach cancer. The compound related in the invention is prepared through a polypeptide organic synthetic method, or may result from extraction separation of annonaceae plants. The GG-8 can be individually applied to preparation of anti-cancer drugs and can form a plurality of types of anti-cancer drugs and anti-cancer drug compositions together with other pharmaceutical excipients.
Patients receive CA-4948 orally PO BID on days 1-21 and pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo blood sample collection, CT, MRI, or PET throughout the study. Additionally, patients may undergo a tumor biopsy on study.
Enhanced standard of care (ESoC). Each patient will be provided education on the symptoms to watch for and when to call their healthcare provider. Patients will be scheduled for a comprehensive postpartum visit around 6 weeks postpartum and any additional care deemed necessary by their health care providers.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the progressive form of liver disease that can lead to cirrhosis and liver-related mortality in persons who drink little or no alcohol. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents the more severe end of this spectrum and is characterized by steatosis, ballooning degeneration and lobular inflammation with or without fibrosis. The etiology of NASH is not completely understood, but it is often associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. Lipotoxicity, insulin resistance and oxidative stress appear to be central to the pathogenesis of NASH. Currently, there is no FDA approved treatment for NAFLD/NASH. Weight loss and exercise are the recommended but often difficult maintain these lifestyle changes in the long term and therefore therapeutic agents have been investigated. Ezetimibe is an LDL lowering agent that works through inhibition of the fat absorption from the small intestine. In this study, we propose to treat 50 patients with NASH with either Ezetimibe or placebo for 24 weeks. After an initial evaluation for insulin sensitivity, MRI liver fat distribution and liver biopsy, patients will receive either 10 mg/day of Ezetimibe or placebo. Patients will be monitored at regular intervals for symptoms of liver disease, side effects of Ezetimibe and serum biochemical and metabolic indices. At the end of 24-weeks, patients will have a repeat medical evaluation, liver MRI and liver biopsy. Pre and post treatment MRI-derived liver fat content, liver histology and insulin sensitivity will be compared. The primary end point of successful therapy will be improvement in hepatic steatosis measured by MRI. Secondary end points will be improvement in insulin sensitivity, liver histology and liver biochemistry.
Clear Care used as specified in the protocol for contact lens care. In this crossover study, Clear Care was dispensed in randomized order with Complete Easy Rub and ReNu MultiPlus. Each product was used for one week with a fresh pair of Acuvue Oasys contact lenses. A 36-hour washout preceded each usage period.
Knee osteoarthritis (KO) is the most common musculoskeletal problem worldwide, leading to pain and loss of locomotor function. The Framingham Osteoarthritis Study shows that 19% of adults have radiographic effects on the knee joint. Individuals with advanced symptomatic KO have difficulties in their daily life activities. Among all diseases, KO most affects activities such as walking, climbing stairs and housework. A wide range of physiotherapy treatment methods are available in KO treatment such as strengthening exercises, aquatic exercises, aerobic exercises, proprioception exercise, orthotics, taping methods and the use of electrophysiological agents. High-quality evidences suggests that land-based exercise therapy maintains its positive effect on pain, quality of life and functionality for 2-6 months after the treatment. The dosage of exercise therapy can be adjusted by the duration, frequency, or resistance of the exercise. However, evidence-based information on exercise dosage is limited in KO treatment. While KO is treated in physiotherapy clinics, it is also supported by home exercises during and after treatment. However, it is a clinical problem that patients show low adherence to home exercise. With this study, it is aimed to compare the exercise adherence of patients who are given home exercise with different exercise dosages and to show their functional results. Participants with KO aged between 40-85 years will be included in the study and randomly divided into two groups. The number of repetitions of the high dosage exercise group will be 2 times more than standard exercise group. Participants will be asked to apply home exercise programs 4 times a week. Exercise adherence, pain, kinesiophobia and functionality will be evaluated. Our study will be the first to demonstrate the effect of different home exercise dosages on exercise adherence. The information to be obtained with this study is thought to contribute to the preparation of a better home exercise program. With the information to be obtained through this study, it can contribute to the preparation of a better home exercise program.The planned study has 2 main objectives:

* To examine the effects of different exercise dosages on exercise dependence
* To investigate the effect of different exercise dosages on pain and functional results
BACKGROUND: Hearing loss has not been thoroughly investigated as a comorbidity in larger cohorts with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).
METHODS: Available audiometric data were reviewed from patients with NF1 seen at a tertiary pediatric hospital to assess prevalence and risk factors for hearing loss.
RESULTS: Of 1172 patients with NF1 seen between 2010 and 2022, 90 had available audiometric data and 48 of 90 patients (53%) had one or more audiogram revealing hearing loss. Those not referred to audiology were presumed to have normal hearing, resulting in a conservative hearing loss estimate of 4% for children and young adults with NF1. Of 90 patients with audiograms, 29 (32%) had conductive loss (CHL), 15 (17%) had sensorineural loss (SNHL), and 3 (3%) had mixed hearing loss. Hearing loss type was undetermined for one patient. For children with CHL, six had permanent CHL secondary to plexiform neurofibroma, 19 CHL were transient due to active middle ear dysfunction, and four CHL cases were indeterminate in etiology. For three children with SNHL or mixed hearing loss, etiology included history of ototoxic chemotherapy and/or family history of SNHL. In the 16 patients with SNHL or mixed hearing loss with more than one audiogram over time, progressive hearing decline was noted in eight of 16, and 26 of 178 hearing thresholds (15%) progressed.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that audiometric evaluations should be considered for at least a subset of children with NF1, given the higher-than-expected rate of hearing loss in patients with NF1 compared with the general population.
This condition will use an established sleep education control protocol modified for nightshift workers based on the "Plain Language about Shiftwork" published by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Sleep duration recommendations will be equivalent to the CBT group (8 hours of sleep opportunity) to ensure that outcomes are not confounded by time in bed. Materials in the sleep education control condition will be separated into weekly electronic materials monitored for engagement and completion.
Adverse events, regardless of causality, that occurred in at least 10% of patients treated with TARCEVA 100 mg plus gemcitabine in the randomized trial of patients with pancreatic cancer are summarized by NCI-CTC (version 2.0) Grade in Table 2.

The most common adverse reactions in pancreatic cancer patients receiving TARCEVA 100 mg plus gemcitabine were fatigue, rash, nausea, anorexia and diarrhea. In the TARCEVA plus gemcitabine arm, Grade 3/4 rash and diarrhea were each reported in 5% of TARCEVA plus gemcitabine-treated patients. The median time to onset of rash and diarrhea was 10 days and 15 days, respectively. Rash and diarrhea each resulted in dose reductions in 2% of patients, and resulted in study discontinuation in up to 1% of patients receiving TARCEVA plus gemcitabine. The 150 mg cohort was associated with a higher rate of certain class-specific adverse reactions including rash and required more frequent dose reduction or interruption. 

In the pancreatic carcinoma trial, 10 patients in the TARCEVA/gemcitabine group developed deep venous thrombosis (incidence: 3.9%). In comparison, 3 patients in the placebo/gemcitabine group developed deep venous thrombosis (incidence 1.2%). The overall incidence of grade 3 or 4 thrombotic events, including deep venous thrombosis, was similar in the two treatment arms: 11% for TARCEVA plus gemcitabine and 9% for placebo plus gemcitabine.

No differences in Grade 3 or Grade 4 hematologic laboratory toxicities were detected between the TARCEVA plus gemcitabine group compared to the placebo plus gemcitabine group.

Severe adverse events (≥grade 3 NCI-CTC) in the TARCEVA plus gemcitabine group with incidences < 5% included syncope, arrhythmias, ileus, pancreatitis, hemolytic anemia including microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with thrombocytopenia, myocardial infarction/ischemia, cerebrovascular accidents including cerebral hemorrhage, and renal insufficiency [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]. 

Liver function test abnormalities (including elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and bilirubin) have been observed following the administration of TARCEVA plus gemcitabine in patients with pancreatic cancer. Table 3 displays the most severe NCI-CTC grade of liver function abnormalities that developed. TARCEVA dosing should be interrupted or discontinued if changes in liver function are severe [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].