anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
In clinical trials, diarrhea developed in approximately 8%, 16% and 18% of patients treated with placebo, 100 mg and 200 mg TASMAR tid, respectively. While diarrhea was generally regarded as mild to moderate in severity, approximately 3% to 4% of patients on tolcapone had diarrhea which was regarded as severe. Diarrhea was the adverse event which most commonly led to discontinuation, with approximately 1%, 5% and 6% of patients treated with placebo, 100 mg and 200 mg TASMAR tid, respectively, withdrawing from the trials prematurely. Discontinuing TASMAR for diarrhea was related to the severity of the symptom. Diarrhea resulted in withdrawal in approximately 8%, 40% and 70% of patients with mild, moderate and severe diarrhea, respectively. Although diarrhea generally resolved after discontinuation of TASMAR, it led to hospitalization in 0.3%, 0.7% and 1.7% of patients in the placebo, 100 mg and 200 mg TASMAR tid groups.

Typically, diarrhea presents 6 to 12 weeks after tolcapone is started, but it may appear as early as 2 weeks and as late as many months after the initiation of treatment. Clinical trial data suggested that diarrhea associated with tolcapone use may sometimes be associated with anorexia (decreased appetite).

No consistent description of tolcapone-induced diarrhea has been derived from clinical trial data, and the mechanism of action is currently unknown.

It is recommended that all cases of persistent diarrhea should be followed up with an appropriate work-up (including occult blood samples).
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severely disabling mental disorder. People with schizophrenia may experience hallucinations, delusions, disordered thinking, movement disorders, social withdrawal, and cognitive deficits. Antipsychotic medications have been effective in alleviating many of the symptoms of schizophrenia and improving the lives of people with the disease. It is well established, however, that poor adherence to antipsychotic medications can lead to relapse and rehospitalization. Cognitive deficits often contribute to treatment nonadherence by compromising patients' capacity to establish routines for taking medication. Cognitive adaptation training (CAT) is a treatment approach designed to alter the physical environment of individuals with schizophrenia to compensate for cognitive deficits and improve adaptive function. For example, various environmental supports, such as signs, checklists, and electronic devices, are used to remind patients to take their medication. Studies have shown that CAT's support system led to better treatment outcomes than those produced by standard care in people with schizophrenia. This study will compare the effectiveness of two CAT treatments versus standard treatment in improving medication adherence, symptoms, and function in people with schizophrenia.

After providing a blood sample, participants in this single-blind study will be randomly assigned to Full-CAT, Pharm-CAT, or treatment as usual for 9 months. Participants receiving treatment as usual will not receive CAT support. Full-CAT will entail a comprehensive use of environmental supports to improve multiple areas of adaptive functioning. Pharm-CAT will provide support for medication adherence only. Participants assigned to one of the two CAT groups will receive weekly treatments in their homes. All participants will report to the study site once every 3 months to assess medication adherence, symptomatology, and adaptive functioning. Participants will be interviewed by the study physician for 2 to 3 hours at each visit. A member of the study staff will also visit each participant's home at a random, unannounced time once every 3 months to obtain a blood sample. Follow-up visits will occur 3 and 6 months following the end of treatment.
Recent studies have shown that transmembrane-type tight junction proteins are upregulated in various cancers compared with their levels in normal tissues and are involved in cancer progression, suggesting that they are potential therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrated the expression profile and a novel role of junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) in breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry of surgical specimens showed that JAM-A was highly expressed from carcinoma in situ lesions, as in other adenocarcinomas, with higher expression in invasive carcinomas. High expression of JAM-A contributed to malignant aspects such as lymph node metastasis and lymphatic involvement positivity. In breast cancer cells, JAM-A expression status affects malignant potentials including proliferation and migration. Multilayered proteomics revealed that JAM-A interacts with the amino acid transporter LAT1 in breast cancer cells. JAM-A regulates the expression of LAT1 and interacts with it on the whole cell membrane, leading to enhanced amino acid uptake to promote tumor growth. Double high expression of JAM-A and LAT1 predicts poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Of note, an antibody against an extracellular domain of JAM-A suppressed the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Our findings indicate the possibility of JAM-A-targeted therapy ideally combined with LAT1-targeted therapy as a new therapeutic strategy against breast cancer.
PURPOSE: Renal cysts are typically a benign condition, and parapelvic cysts are a type of renal cyst that occur adjacent to the renal pelvis or renal sinus. Parapelvic cysts can increase the risk for injury to adjacent organs or urine leakage during laparoscopic surgery. Flexible ureteroscopes with laser assistance were used to make internal incisions in cysts. Perioperative outcomes of this method were compared with those of laparoscopic surgery.
METHODS: Eight-three patients, who underwent surgical treatment for renal cysts at the authors' medical center between January 2019 and June 2022, were evaluated. Two patients were excluded because they originally opted for RIRS but subsequently converted to laparoscopic surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on surgery type: laparoscopic; and RIRS for internal incision. Outcomes in both groups were analyzed.
RESULTS: Of the 81 patients analyzed, 60 [74% (group 1)] underwent laparoscopic surgery and 21 [26% (group 2)] underwent RIRS for internal incision. The median operative durations for groups 1 and 2 were 87 and 56 min, respectively (p < 0.001). Relative to RIRS, laparoscopic surgery resulted in greater postoperative painkiller use (laparoscopic surgery versus [vs.] RIRS, 43% vs. 19%; p = 0.047). The median length of hospital stay was 2 and 1 days, respectively (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: RIRS demonstrated several advantages over laparoscopic surgery for the internal incision of parapelvic cysts, including shorter operative duration, shorter hospital stay, and less postoperative pain control. These findings may guide the selection of appropriate surgical approaches for patients with renal cysts.
Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

BiDil has been evaluated for safety in 517 heart failure patients in A-HeFT. A total of 317 of these patients received BiDil for at least 6 months, and 220 received BiDil for at least 12 months. In A-HeFT, 21% of the patients discontinued BiDil for adverse reactions compared to 12% who discontinued placebo. Overall, adverse reactions were more common in BiDil -treated than in placebo-treated patients. Table 1 lists adverse reactions reported with an incidence, after rounding, ≥ 2% higher on BiDil than on placebo in A-HeFT, regardless of causality. The most common reasons for discontinuing BiDil in the A-HeFT trial was headache (7%).

In the V-HeFT I and II clinical studies, a total of 587 patients with heart failure were treated with the combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine hydrochloride. The type, pattern, frequency and severity of adverse reactions reported in these studies were similar to those reported in A-HeFT, described above and no unusual adverse reactions were reported.
Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category C. There are no adequate and well-controlled trials with fluticasone propionate nasal spray, USP in pregnant women. Corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic in laboratory animals when administered systemically at relatively low dosage levels. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, fluticasone propionate nasal spray, USP should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Women should be advised to contact their physicians if they become pregnant while taking fluticasone propionate nasal spray, USP.

Mice and rats at fluticasone propionate doses approximately 1 and 4 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human daily intranasal dose (MRHDID) for adults (on a mg/m2 basis at maternal subcutaneous doses of 45 and 100 mcg/kg/day, respectively) showed fetal toxicity characteristic of potent corticosteroid compounds, including embryonic growth retardation, omphalocele, cleft palate, and retarded cranial ossification. No teratogenicity was seen in rats at doses up to 3 times the MRHDID (on a mg/m2 basis at maternal inhalation doses up to 68.7 mcg/kg/day).

In rabbits, fetal weight reduction and cleft palate were observed at a fluticasone propionate dose approximately 0.3 times the MRHDID for adults (on a mg/m2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 4 mcg/kg/day). However, no teratogenic effects were reported at fluticasone propionate doses up to approximately 20 times the MRHDID for adults (on a mg/m2 basis at a maternal oral dose up to 300 mcg/kg/day). No fluticasone propionate was detected in the plasma in this study, consistent with the established low bioavailability following oral administration [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Fluticasone propionate crossed the placenta following subcutaneous administration to mice and rats and oral administration to rabbits.

Experience with oral corticosteroids since their introduction in pharmacologic, as opposed to physiologic, doses suggests that rodents are more prone to teratogenic effects from corticosteroids than humans. In addition, because there is a natural increase in corticosteroid production during pregnancy, most women will require a lower exogenous corticosteroid dose and many will not need corticosteroid treatment during pregnancy.

Nonteratogenic Effects

Hypoadrenalism may occur in infants born of mothers receiving corticosteroids during pregnancy. Such infants should be carefully monitored.
Controlled release compositions for controlling release of a GnRH molecule or a GnRH analog are provided. The compositions include a GnRH molecule or GnRH analog as an active agent, and a controlled release component for controlling release of the GnRH molecule or GnRH analog from the composition. The compositions provide a sustained mean steady state plasma concentration (Css) of the active agent of at least about 1.5 ng/mL for a period of at least about 48 hours when the composition is administered to a subject. In addition, the use of a controlled release component in the manufacture of a composition for the controlled release of a GnRH molecule or GnRH analog is provided. The controlled release component'is capable of providing a sustained mean steady state plasma concentration (C38) of the active agent of at. least about 1.5 ng/mL for a period of at least about 48 hours when the manufactured composition is administered to a subject. The controlled release component can include a polymeric material and/or a non-polymeric material. When the compositions are administered to a subject, for example when implanted, the compositions release the active agent in a controlled fashion. Methods for producing the compositions are also provided, as are methods of using the compositions to provide for controlled release of the GnRH molecule or GnRH analog in a subject. Preferred polymeric material is PLG or a copolymer of PLG and a PEG derivative such as methoxy PEG. Preferred non-polymeric material can be SAIB.
A polymer composition used for forming the denture base of an artificial denture comprises a uniform mixture of acrylic material and silicone elastomeric material in a respective ratio of 6 to 1 to 1 to 10 parts by volume.  The term "acrylic" embraces polymers of any ester, nitrile or amide of acrylic, methacrylic or ethacrylic acids, and the polymers may also contain polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyvinyl acetate.  The silicone elastomers are room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubbers, generally being hydroxy - end - blocked polydimethylsiloxane polymers with fillers and sometimes including fluorosilicones; the preferred elastomer is "Silastic 390" (Registered Trade Mark).  The preferred mixture comprises one part of acrylic material to three parts of silicone.  The mixture is cured at room temperature or curing may be accelerated by heating the mould, e.g. in boiling water.ALSO:An artificial denture comprises a denture base member, contoured to fit the gum of the wearer and made of a uniform mixture of silicone elastomer and acrylic material, and at least one rigid artificial tooth partially embedded therein; the denture is made by drilling or otherwise indenting the parts of the teeth to be embedded, packing denture base material around these parts to fill the dents, and filling a mould in which the teeth are set with further such material so that the teeth become an integral part of the base.  The ratio of acrylic material to silicone elastomer is preferably within the range 6:1 to 1:10 by volume, whereby a flexible but sufficiently strong base is produced.
Pioglitazone and metformin hydrochloride tablets, USP are a thiazolidinediones and biguanide combination product that contains two oral antidiabetic medications: pioglitazone and metformin hydrochloride.

Pioglitazone [(±)-5-[[4-[2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridinyl) ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2,4-] thiazolidinedione monohydrochloride contains one asymmetric carbon, and the compound is synthesized and used as the racemic mixture. The two enantiomers of pioglitazone interconvert in vivo. No differences were found in the pharmacologic activity between the two enantiomers. The structural formula is as shown:

Pioglitazone hydrochloride is an odorless white to off white crystalline powder that has a molecular formula of C19H20N2O3S•HCl and a molecular weight of 392.91. It is soluble in N,N-dimethylformamide, slightly soluble in anhydrous ethanol, very slightly soluble in acetone and acetonitrile, practically insoluble in water, and insoluble in ether.

Metformin hydrochloride (N,N-dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide hydrochloride) is a white to almost white crystalline powder with a molecular formula of C4H11N5•HCl and a molecular weight of 165.62. Metformin hydrochloride is freely soluble in water and is practically insoluble in acetone, ether, and chloroform. The pKa of metformin is 12.4. The pH of a 1% aqueous solution of metformin hydrochloride is 6.68. The structural formula is as shown:

Pioglitazone and metformin hydrochloride tablets, USP are available for oral administration containing 15 mg pioglitazone (as the base) with 500 mg metformin hydrochloride (15 mg/500 mg) or 15 mg pioglitazone (as the base) with 850 mg metformin hydrochloride (15 mg/850 mg) formulated with the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropylcellulose, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, povidone, talc, and titanium dioxide.
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancies with high mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in human cancers, including ESCC. However, the detailed mechanisms of lncRNAs in the regulation of ESCC progression remain incompletely understood. LUESCC was upregulated in ESCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, which was associated with gender, deep invasion, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of ESCC patients. LUESCC was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of ESCC cells. Knockdown of LUESCC inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic investigation indicated that LUESCC functions as a ceRNA by sponging miR-6785-5p to enhance NRSN2 expression, which is critical for the malignant behaviors of ESCC. Furthermore, ASO targeting LUESCC substantially suppressed ESCC both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these data demonstrate that LUESCC may exerts its oncogenic role by sponging miR-6785-5p to promote NRSN2 expression in ESCC, providing a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for ESCC patients.
In modern anesthesia a variety of volatile anesthetics is available. In cardiac anesthesiology both isoflurane and sevoflurane are frequently used. At present the number of studies comparing the influence of isoflurane and sevoflurane on blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance is limited. Moreover, the results presented in the available literature are inconsistent. The decision as to which of both volatiles should be used during cardiac surgery is not evidence-based, but is based on personal preference of the anesthesist. The most reliable way to compare the effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance is a randomized controlled trial in patients during Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
Transport of cell cultures and skin grafts from the culture site to the user-hospital comprises using pressurized sterile carbon dioxide gas bubbles, distributed in isothermal containers, is new. The method ensures optimum transport of human cell cultures (HCC), especially skin grafts composed of layers of epidermis. (HCC) are placed over a semi-solid medium formed of natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic polymer dehydratable or re-hydratable in culture medium, to avoid rubbing between basal cultures and consequent damage. Cultured epidermis or epithelia are clipped with non-adherent non-invasive dressing, and epidermis layers are packed, under laminar flux, into watertight double sterile bubbles whose interiors are injected with CO2-containing gas to stimulate proliferation of epidermic cells. Sterile bubbles of pressurized carbon dioxide gas, are conditioned inside isothermal container-box, with specific nodules which can absorb and/or create heat. After transport, the cells or grafts are extracted with sterile pincers. Transport of cell cultures and grafts is preferably effected in watertight (airtight) double bubbles, and especially in hollow thermo-sealable container-boats. Upper surface of bubble is positioned and maintained in place by means of sterile pealable film of appropriate dimensions. Alternatively, the bubbles fit between the walls owing to charge of CO2 gas whose content in bubble is 5-15%. Container-boats are disposed within large isothermal boat-container having its interior temperature controlled preferably by means of nodules or balls previously heated or refrigerated.
The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a non-gelatin hard capsule shell. The hard capsule shell is made by a heat-melting method which involves heating a capsule forming composition (preferably in powdery form) in a mold, followed by inserting a pestle into the mold to coat the melted capsule forming composition onto the pestle. The hard capsule shell thus formed, after hardened and dried, is removed from the pestle. This method has the advantages over the conventional "dip molding method" for not requiring the capsule forming composition to be pre-dissolved in solution so that no solvent is used in preparing the capsule forming composition. Also, by inserting a pestle into a mold, a pressure is imposed so as to ensure uniform coating of the capsule forming composition to the pestle. The present invention also provides a capsule forming composition which comprises a polymer and optionally a plasticizer and an apparatus for making the non-gelatin hard capsule shell.
Systems and methods to generate artificial intelligence models with synthetic data are disclosed. An example system includes a deep neural network (DNN) generator to generate a first DNN model using first real data. The example system includes a synthetic data generator to generate first synthetic data from the first real data, the first synthetic data to be used by the DNN generator to generate a second DNN model. The example system includes an evaluator to evaluate performance of the first and second DNN models to determine whether to generate second synthetic data. The example system includes a synthetic data aggregator to aggregate third synthetic data and fourth synthetic data from a plurality of sites to form a synthetic data set. The example system includes an artificial intelligence model deployment processor to deploy an artificial intelligence model trained and tested using the synthetic data set.
PURPOSE: Atelectasis otitis media (AtOM) is a chronic condition where the tympanic membrane (TM) becomes retracted towards the middle ear and the ossicular chain. Surgical treatment for this condition could be indicated based on stage of atelectasis, patient's clinical condition and hearing loss. Over the years, AtOM has been treated with various types of tympanoplasty under microscopic view. The aim of this study is to present the results of endoscopic ear surgery in AtOM.
METHODS: Forty-five patients who underwent endoscopic trans-canal tympanoplasty were included in the study. Preoperative features, intraoperative findings and postoperative outcomes were collected.
RESULTS: Preoperatively, none of the study's patients were classified with a Sadè Grade I, whereas grades II, III and IV were 3 (6.6%), 23 (32.1%) and 19 (67.8%) respectively. The 3 patients with Sadè grade II showed a conductive hearing loss higher than 20 dB and a continuous ear fullness, therefore they were surgically treated. The postoperative graft success rate was estimated at 95.5%. During follow-up, 2 patients showed a TM perforation (at 6 and 12 months after surgery) whereas 1 patient experienced a recurrence of atelectasis in the TM (16 months after surgery). The overall success rate at the final follow-up was calculated at 88.8%. The average preoperative air-conduction threshold was 51.1 ± 21.5, which reduced to 34.6 ± 22.1 (p = 0.04) at follow-up. The preoperative air-bone gap decreased from 28 ± 7.2 to 11.8 ± 10 (p = 0.002) after surgery.
CONCLUSION: Atelectasis otitis media might be suitable for exclusive endoscopic surgical treatment, as it appears to exhibit a low recurrence rate and promising audiological outcomes.
PURPOSE: To obtain a new peptide having specific amino acid sequences, capable of inhibiting an intercellular adhesion by inhibiting the formation of desmosome which is a cell to cell adhesion device, useful for the prevention and therapy of dermal diseases, and the improvement of troubles in corneum. CONSTITUTION: This intercellular adhesion inhibiting peptide is a peptide or its salt, having amino acid sequences selected from formulas I to IV equivalent to the partial sequences of amino acid sequences of a desmocollin and formula V equivalent to the partial sequences of amino acid sequences of a desmoglein. The peptide is preferably obtained by using a known peptide synthetic method such as a solid phase method and a liquid phase method. The above peptide can be used as a dermal preparation for external use, and blending it by 0.01-30wt.% in the dermal preparation for external use is preferable. As a base used for preparing the dermal preparation for external use, e.g. a vaseline, a paraffin, a polyethylene glycol and water are cited. Also, an emulsifying agent, a suspending agent, a preserving agent, a stabilizing agent, etc., can be blended as necessary.