anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: While assessment of membrane characteristics is fundamental to peritoneal dialysis (PD) prescription in patients initiating therapy, peritoneal equilibration test has theoretical and practical drawbacks. We wished to determine whether an equation using simple clinical variables could predict fast (above population mean) peritoneal solute transfer rate without dialysate sampling.
METHODS: We measured peritoneal solute transfer rate, as determined by peritoneal equilibration test using the 4-h dialysate to plasma creatinine ratio, in consecutive PD outpatients attending a single tertiary hospital for their first clinical follow-up within 3 months of dialysis initiation. An equation estimating peritoneal solute transfer rate based on readily available clinical variables was generated in a randomly selected modeling group and tested in a distinct validation group.
RESULTS: We included 712 patients, with 562 in the modeling group and 150 in the validation group. Mean age was 58.4 ± 15.9 with 431 (60.5%) men. Mean peritoneal solute transfer rate value was 0.73 ± 0.13. An equation based on gender, race, serum sodium and albumin yielded a receiving operator characteristics (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) to detect fast peritoneal solute transfer rate (> 0.73) of 0.74 (0.67-0.82). Estimated peritoneal solute transfer rate values based on percentiles 15th (> 0.66), 20th (> 0.68), 25th (> 0.69) and 30th (> 0.70) could rule out fast peritoneal solute transfer rate with negative predictive values of 100%, 93.5%, 84.2% and 80.0%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: An equation based on simple clinical variables allows ruling out fast transport in a significant proportion of patients initiating PD with a high degree of confidence without requiring dialysate sampling. This could prove useful in guiding dialysis prescription of PD patients in daily clinical practice, particularly in low-resource settings.
Patients receive carboplatin IV over 30 minutes and pemetrexed disodium IV over 10 minutes on day 1. Patients also receive sorafenib tosylate as in group 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days in the absence of unacceptable toxicity or disease progression.
OBJECTIVE: To review the utility of galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a biomarker for postoperative adverse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
METHOD: This review was conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic database search was conducted in October 2023. Studies that measured pre- and/or postoperative plasma Gal-3 levels in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery were included. Primary outcomes included postoperative morbidity and mortality.
RESULTS: Out of 391 studies screened, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Two of the three studies showed that preoperative plasma levels of Gal-3 were associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery. Two of the three studies reported a significant increase in preoperative Gal-3 levels in patients who developed postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). The addition of Gal-3 to the EuroSCORE II model was found to statistically improve the prediction of both AKI and POAF. Three of the five studies suggested that Gal-3 levels can predict postoperative mortality. Finally, one study suggested that lower preoperative Gal-3 levels was associated with a higher likelihood of achieving left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Gal-3 may play a promising role in predicting adverse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The addition of Gal-3 to clinical risk prediction scores may improve their discriminatory power in this group of patients. Future studies are warranted to justify its incorporation into routine clinical practice.
This crossover intervention study aims to assess the effect of incorporating a hard labial layer to the front zone of a custom-made mouthguard on the degree of satisfaction of rugby players. Twenty-four rugby players will participate in this randomized crossover trial. Three hydrocolloid impressions will be made, two of their maxillary arches and one of their mandibular arches, and the casts will be poured immediately with Type IV dental stone. An interocclusal record will be obtained using an extra hard wax covering the tip of two wooden tongue depressors to assure a near centric relation and a minimum interocclusal distance of approximately 2 mm. Two different custom-made mouth guards will be made for each participant, a Bioplast Xtreme conventional mouthguard (Bioplast Xtreme 4 × 125 + Bioplast 2 x 125; Scheu-Dental Company) and a custom-made Bioplast Xtreme Pro mouthguard (Bioplast Xtreme 4mm × 125 + Duran Layer 0.75mm; Bioplast 2mm x 125). Conventional mouthguard will be fabricated using a pressure molding device and a 4-mm ethyl vinyl acetate foil made at 2 mm from the full depth of the labial sulcus, covering the second maxillary molar, and with the palatal margin extending 2 mm from the cervical line. To fabricate the occlusal adjustment a second 2-mm foil of ethyl vinyl acetate will be formed over the initial 4-mm layer. The maxillary and mandibular casts mounted to an articulator using the inter occlusal record will facilitate the accommodation of the occlusal surface to the antagonistic teeth. Bioplast Xtreme Pro will be made by the same procedure, except the incorporation of an extra layer of Duran between 4mm ethyl vinyl acetate foil and 2 mm ethyl vinyl acetate foil. The participants will be instructed to wear the mouth guards during training sessions and competitions. The sequence of use will be randomized to obtain one half of the participants wearing Xtreme Conventional mouthguard the first and the fourth week and the Xtreme Pro mouthguard the second and the third week. The other half will start wearing the first and the fourth week the Xtreme Pro mouthguard and the second and third week the Xtreme conventional mouthguard. The participants will evaluate using a 10-point scale the discomfort (gag reflex, tight or loose fitting), the level of interference with functions (speeking, breathing, swallowing, aesthetics and athletic performance), the protection, and the general satisfaction after each training session or match.
The I-BMS intervention will be conducted face-to-face and in group format. It comprises four 3-hour sessions within one month. Two registered social workers who are professionally trained on I-BMS intervention model will deliver the intervention.
After giving the normal potassium content vegetables for 2 weeks, the serum potassium concentration was recorded; after 2 weeks of washing time, the low potassium content vegetables use for 2 weeks, then the serum potassium level was recorded at the time. The test was terminated.
BACKGROUND: Casual sex during travel is a major preventable factor in the global transmission of sexually transmissible infections (STI). Pre-travel consults present an excellent opportunity for practitioners to educate travellers about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and safety. This scoping review aims to explore and understand the extent to which SRH is included in pre-travel consultations.
METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Medline and Web of Science were systematically searched for primary research articles exploring whether health care practitioners (HCP) included SRH in pre-travel consultations. Extracted findings were synthesized and presented in narrative form.
RESULTS: Findings across 13 articles suggest HCPs infrequently broached SRH in pre-travel consultations with HCP discomfort, and lack of time and resources presented as key barriers. Urban practice settings, HCP experience, training in travel medicine and traveller characteristics such as sexual orientation were positively associated with discussions about SRH. SRH advice reported was general in nature, primarily focusing on safer sex, condoms or unspecified STI advice. Risk assessments based solely on age or stereotypes around sexual preferences led to key aspects of SRH care being missed for some (e.g. SRH was less likely to be discussed with older travellers).
CONCLUSIONS: HCPs frequently miss opportunities to integrate SRH into pre-travel consultations. Strategies to promote HCP confidence and awareness present a promising means to boost the frequency and quality of SRH advice disseminated. Integrating culturally safe and responsive SRH history-taking and advice into pre-travel consultations may contribute to global reductions in STI transmission and promote traveller SRH well-being.
Pathophysiology of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in cirrhosis is still not entirely understood. Elevated levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in portal circulation are significantly associated with hypercoagulation, increased platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction. The aim of the study was to investigate if LPS was associated with reduced portal venous flow, the third component of Virchow's triad, and the underlying mechanism. Serum nitrite/nitrate, as a marker of nitric oxide (NO) generation, and LPS were measured in the portal and systemic circulation of 20 patients with cirrhosis undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure; portal venous flow velocity (PVV) was also measured in each patient and correlated with NO and LPS levels. Serum nitrite/nitrate and LPS were significantly higher in the portal compared to systemic circulation; a significant correlation was found between LPS and serum nitrite/nitrate (R = 0.421; p < 0.01). Median PVV before and after TIPS was 15 cm/s (6-40) and 31 cm/s (14-79), respectively. Correlation analysis of PVV with NO and LPS showed a statistically significant negative correlation of PVV with portal venous NO concentration (R = - 0.576; p = 0.020), but not with LPS. In vitro study with endothelial cells showed that LPS enhanced endothelial NO biosynthesis, which was inhibited by L-NAME, an inhibitor of NO synthase, or TAK-242, an inhibitor of TLR4, the LPS receptor; this effect was accomplished by up-regulation of eNOS and iNOS. The study shows that in cirrhosis, endotoxemia may be responsible for reduced portal venous flow via overgeneration of NO and, therefore, contribute to the development of PVT.
PURPOSE: A protein with antibacterial activity isolated from human amniotic fluid is provided to show antibacterial activity against harmful bacteria and to be used as a cosmetic product and a pharmaceutical preservative. CONSTITUTION: An antibacterial and antiseptic composition contains a protein of sequence number 1 with antibacterial activity as an active ingredient. The protein is derived from human amniotic fluid. The protein has antibacterial activity against one selected among Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Salmonella typhimurium. An agrochemical formulation contains the proteins as an active ingredient. A cosmetic composition with antibacterial activity contains the proteins as an active ingredient.
Many reports demonstrate improved outcomes in critically ill adults who develop hyperglycemia by rigorous glycemic. Medical oversight committees (including the Institutes of Healthcare Improvement, the American Diabetes Association, and Society of Critical Care Medicine, among others) recommend routine glycemic control during critical illness. Some studies show high rates of hypoglycemia and have highlighted the concern of this approach to care. Little data exists on how hyperglycemia and glycemic control affects critically ill children. Our practice group has developed a regular approach to glycemic control that appears effective and safe and controlling hyperglycemia and the investigators believe that due to our unique experience and expertise in this field, the investigators are well-poised to conduct further much needed studies regarding glycemic control in children. To specifically address the void of knowledge regarding glycemic control in critically ill children, the investigators will conduct a single-center randomized controlled trial to ascertain whether there is vital organ system, outcome, and resource utilization benefit to strict glycemic control vs. more conservative control in children requiring intensive care. The "PedETrol" (the "Pediatric ICUs at Emory-Children's Center Glycemic Control) Trial will study 1,004 children admitted to the ICU for medical, surgical, or cardiac conditions requiring mechanical ventilation and/or vasopressor/i support who develop hyperglycemia, defined as persistent blood glucose \>140 mg/dL). Participants will be randomized to either receive strict glycemic control (80-140 mg/dL) or more conservative control (190-220 mg/dL). Insulin infusions will be used to maintain blood glucose in these ranges. In addition to assessing organ and outcome specific efficacy parameters, the investigators will meticulously evaluate for untoward effects including hypoglycemia, and determine the impact of this practice on costly medical resources. All children \<1 year old and 25% of those \>1 year old, will be able to receive continuous glucose monitoring via interstitial glucometry. This appears to be the first glycemic control trial in any critical care population to make use of continuous glucose monitoring.
OBJECTIVE: Perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with poor patient outcomes. The epidemiology of perioperative AKI is characterized in children and to a lesser extent in neonates with cardiac disease. We hypothesized that the prevalence of noncardiac perioperative AKI in neonates is higher than in older children. We also hypothesized that certain neonatal characteristics and comorbidities increase the risk of perioperative AKI and hospital mortality. We aimed to characterize the epidemiology and risk factors of perioperative AKI in neonates undergoing noncardiac surgeries and outline the associated mortality risk factors.
STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective study of neonates ≤28 days old who underwent inpatient noncardiac surgery in 46 U.S. children's hospitals participating in the Pediatric Hospital Information System between 2016 and 2021. AKI was evaluated throughout the surgical admission encounter. AKI was defined using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) versions 9 and 10 codes. Comorbid risk factors are chronic and longstanding diagnoses and were selected using ICD-9 and ICD-10 diagnostic and procedure codes.
RESULTS: Perioperative AKI occurred in 10% of neonates undergoing noncardiac surgeries. Comorbidities associated with high risk of perioperative AKI included metabolic, hematologic/immunologic, cardiovascular, and renal disorders. The relative risk of mortality in perioperative AKI was highest in infants with low birthweight (relative risk = 1.49, 1.14-1.94) and those with hematologic (1.46, 1.12-1.90), renal (1.24, 1.01-1.52), and respiratory comorbidities (1.35, 1.09-1.67).
CONCLUSION: Perioperative AKI is common in neonates undergoing noncardiac surgeries. Infants with high-risk comorbidity profiles for the development of perioperative AKI and mortality may benefit from close surveillance of their kidney function in the perioperative period. Although retrospective, the findings of our study could inform clinicians to tailor neonatal perioperative kidney care to improve short- and long-term outcomes.
KEY POINTS: · AKI is common in neonates undergoing noncardiac surgeries.. · Extremely preterm and very low birth weight neonates have the highest rates of perioperative AKI.. · Renal, hematologic, and respiratory comorbidities increase mortality risk in neonates with perioperative AKI..
SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA) retrotransposons can regulate expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) of coding and noncoding genes including transposable elements (TEs) distributed throughout the human genome. Previously, we reported that expressed SVAs and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II genotypes on chromosome 6 were associated significantly with Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, our aim was to follow-up our previous study and evaluate the SVA associations and their regulatory effects on the transcription of TEs within the HLA class II genomic region. We reanalyzed the transcriptome data of peripheral blood cells from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) for 1530 subjects for TE and gene RNAs with publicly available computing packages. Four structurally polymorphic SVAs regulate the transcription of 20 distinct clusters of 235 TE loci represented by LINES (37%), SINES (28%), LTR/ERVs (23%), and ancient transposon DNA elements (12%) that are located in close proximity to HLA genes. The transcribed TEs were mostly short length, with an average size of 389 nucleotides. The numbers, types and profiles of positive and negative regulation of TE transcription varied markedly between the four regulatory SVAs. The expressed SVA and TE RNAs in blood cells appear to be enhancer-like elements that are coordinated differentially in the regulation of HLA class II genes. Future work on the mechanisms underlying their regulation and potential impact is essential for elucidating their roles in normal cellular processes and disease pathogenesis.
This is a prospective observational study. This study will not dictate vaccine administration, nor the vaccine product to be used. It will collect data in St Jude patients who will receive the vaccine as part of their clinical care per institutional guidelines. Research participants will receive two doses of inactivated H1N1 swine-origin monovalent influenza vaccine administered 28 days apart as part of clinical care. Each dose contains 15 mcg of hemagglutinin antigen (HA).Follow-up visits will be scheduled 28 days after each dose and at day 208+/- 14 days for blood work. The day of administration of the first vaccine dose is counted as day 0. At each of these visits, blood will be collected to assess for immunogenicity. Research participants will be given a diary card to record symptoms for 28 days . They will be asked to bring this diary back at the next visit. Other vaccine-related adverse events will also be collected by retrospective chart review.

Children and young adults between the ages of 6 months and 21 years and 13 kg or greater in body weight who have an underlying diagnosis of cancer, HIV, sickle cell disease or receipt of a stem cell transplant more than a year prior to study entry and who will receive inactivated H1N1 swine-origin monovalent influenza vaccine in the winter/fall of 2009-2010 as part of their routine clinical care.
The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of the newly developed Trial My App platform to conduct an efficient RCT of an mHealth app that targets hypertension, a CV risk factor, without the need for in-person visits. Trial stages, including screening, consent, randomization, and collection of patient-important outcomes, will be performed virtually using the TMA platform. A combination of passive and active recruitment will begin in fall 2020 after ethics approval. A variety of recruitment materials will be distributed by a research assistant to partner newsletters, websites, community practices and primary care or speciality clinic waiting rooms. These materials include videos, paper and online posters/postcards, emails, as well as posts advertising on social media. Social media recruitment will consist of general posts and targeted ads. The primary goal at this stage is to determine whether TMA, the innovative, efficient, web-based methodology, can be used to conduct RCTs evaluating mHealth interventions. The primary feasibility outcome is study completion. Other feasibility outcomes are recruitment rate, eligibility rates, consent rates, retention rates, intervention adherence, and appropriateness of data collection processes. Descriptive analysis will be performed on the dataset using appropriate statistical methods. The secondary objective is to test the clinical efficacy of the chosen mHealth app in reducing BP in patients with sub-optimally controlled hypertension when compared with an educational control group. Efficacy outcomes include clinical assessment changes, self-management adherence, and patient-reported outcomes. This is a pilot, non-blinded, feasibility RCT, comparing use of a hypertension tracking app versus an education control in participants with hypertension that is sub optimally controlled. The investigators will later include a sub-study to validate the blood pressure data inputted into the online platform through in-person blood pressure measurements. Participants will be asked to register on the TMA site and will complete user profile and screening questionnaires and consent for participation in the pilot trial. The participants that meet inclusion criteria will be asked to electronically consent to take part in the pilot trial, and input clinical and patient-important data at 0, 1, 3, and 6 months into the web application.
Maladaptive inflammation underlies the formation and rupture of human intracranial aneurysms. There is a growing body of evidence that anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals may beneficially modulate this process. Clopidogrel (Plavix) is a commonly used irreversible P2Y12 receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory activity. In this paper, we investigate whether clopidogrel is associated with the likelihood of aneurysm rupture in a multi-institutional propensity-matched cohort analysis. Patients presenting for endovascular treatment of their unruptured intracranial aneurysms and those presenting with aneurysm rupture between 2015 and 2019 were prospectively identified at two quaternary referral centers. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and medication usage at the time of presentation were collected. Patients taking clopidogrel or not taking clopidogrel were matched in a 1:1 fashion with respect to location, age, smoking status, aneurysm size, aspirin usage, and hypertension. A total of 1048 patients with electively treated aneurysms or subarachnoid hemorrhages were prospectively identified. Nine hundred twenty-one patients were confirmed to harbor aneurysms during catheter-based diagnostic angiography. A total of 172/921 (19%) patients were actively taking clopidogrel at the time of presentation. Three hundred thirty-two patients were matched in a 1:1 fashion. A smaller proportion of patients taking clopidogrel at presentation had ruptured aneurysms than those who were not taking clopidogrel (6.6% vs 23.5%, p < .0001). Estimated treatment effect analysis demonstrated that clopidogrel usage decreased aneurysm rupture risk by 15%. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first large-scale multi-institutional analysis suggesting clopidogrel use is protective against intracranial aneurysm rupture. It is our hope that these data will guide future investigation, revealing the pathophysiologic underpinning of this association.