anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
The impact of bladder filling rate on cystometric outcomes remains unclear. Clinically, faster bladder filling is believed to increase the likelihood of observing detrusor overactivity (DO) in those with bladder dysfunction, although evidence of this is lacking. We executed this study to clarify how changes in bladder filling rate impact cystometric parameters. Urethane-anesthetized female CD rats (n = 19) underwent bladder filling at five different fill rates, a baseline rate scaled to have a filling phase of ∼7 min (in line with our previous work) and scaled rates of 1/3×, 2×, 4×, and 8× that speed. Contrary to expectations, filling at faster rates decreased the likelihood of observing detrusor overactivity, with 4× and 8× filling rates demonstrating less detrusor overactivity than the baseline (1×) rate (P = 0.0091 for 4× and P = 0.019 for 8×). However, faster filling rates did decrease bladder compliance. Filling at 4× and 8× demonstrated decreased bladder compliance compared to 1× (P = 0.032 for 4× and P < 0.0001 for 8×). Finally, increasing the filling rate led to increases in bladder capacity at 4× (P = 0.034) and 8× (P = 0.0066) relative to 1×. These results suggest that, contrary to expectations, faster filling may not be more effective at eliciting detrusor overactivity (i.e., not a better diagnostic approach). As reductions in detrusor overactivity and increases in bladder capacity are critical parameters for evaluating preclinical therapeutics, faster filling may impair the ability to demonstrate further improvements.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Little is known about the effects of different bladder filling rates on cystometric results. Various sources have suggested that faster filling is "provocative" to the bladder. However, in this study we varied bladder filling rates in anesthetized rats and observed less detrusor overactivity with faster filling, not more. We explain this discrepancy as a miscommunication about what being provocative means, where faster filling leads to worse bladder compliance (as we observed), not more detrusor overactivity.
A process for manufacturing an active substance-containing product from strip tape. A broad web material roll is mounted, loosely rotatable, on a take-up mandrel. The web of material is drawn, in its entire width and without tensile stress, from the roll of material by a vacuum roll, and is separated into individual strips in the negative pressure zone of the vacuum roll by rolling a multiple circular knife roll. At the end of the negative pressure zone of the vacuum roll, each strip is drawn from the vacuum roll and is introduced in a take-up channel and continuously conveyed by negative pressure. Each strip is turned on its way to or through the channel by about 90°. At the end of the channels the strips are led at least two at a time, and conveyed further in a groove for further processing to form the finished product.
Humans carry on the order of 100 trillion microbial cells (the microbiota),which play a major role in normal health as well as disease pathogenesis. In the gut, the microbiota interact with the intestinal epithelium and immune system to regulate inflammation and metabolism. The impact of the microbiota on GVHD and other clinical outcomes may be mediated by bacterial metabolites such as short chain fatty acid (SCFAs). In particular, the SCFA butyrate has been shown to be a preferred fuel source of human colonic epithelial cells and essential for normal differentiation of regulatory immune cells in the intestine, which in turn may decrease GVHD. This is supported by murine studies, in which manipulating the gut microbiota to increase microbial SCFA production or by direct administration (oral gavage) of butyrate has been shown to improve HCT outcomes, including protection from GVHD

Manipulating the gut microbiota in HCT to decrease the risk of GVHD could potentially be done using several methods, namely prebiotics (dietary carbohydrates or fibers), probiotics (live bacteria), and fecal transplantation. In contrast to live bacteria, prebiotics are dietary carbohydrates classified as nutritional supplements that can sustain gut bacteria, regulate gastrointestinal transit time, and foster cooperative metabolic networks between enteric microbes. Because prebiotics encourage the growth of existing bacteria rather than introducing new organisms, they may be safer. Moreover, bacterial fermentation of prebiotics may yield SCFA.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the carbohydrate prebiotic (dietary supplement) known as galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) can modulate the microbiome (the bacteria in the gut) and help prevent graft-versus host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplant. The study has two two parts. In phase 1, three dose levels 0.75g/day (25% maximum dose, D1), 1.5g/day (50% maximum dose D2), and 2.9g/day (maximum dose, D3) will be evaluated to find out the provisional maximum tolerated dose (pMTD) of GOS to be used in phase 2. In phase 2, using pMTD of GOS, participants will be randomized to receive GOS or a placebo (maltodextrin, a common food additive that is not known to affect the microbiome) so that the effect of GOS can be determined. Note that if the pMTD is D3, there will be a D1 and D2 lead-in period similar to the Phase 1 study however if the pMTD is D2, there will only be a lead-in with D1 and if pMTD is D1, there will only be one dose with no lead-in. The study will generate important data on gut microbiota responses to help tailor or personalize future prebiotic therapies to patients and their microbiota.
Despite the considerable body of research addressing sciatica and various therapeutic interventions, there remains a significant gap in understanding the comparative effectiveness of combining somatosensory motor control exercises with myofascial release techniques specifically for this condition.

The role of somatosensory motor control in managing sciatica has gained considerable attention in the last decade.The author conducted research on neural mobilization and somatosensory motor control training on individual with persistent low back pain (2023). They involved forty-five individuals that have been classified into three groups and applying different treatment strategies on study groups. Neural mobilization and somatosensory training are effective in relief of pain and improve lumbar range of motion. They concluded that adding the neural mobilization and somatosensory training to routine physical therapy were equally effective on sciattica. The other author stated that patients with sciatica often exhibit impaired motor control, which contributes to pain and functional limitations. Their study suggested that targeted exercises to improve somatosensory motor control could alleviate symptoms and enhance lumbar function. This finding has been supported by subsequent studies, which emphasized the importance of neuromuscular re-education in sciatica management. The research was conducted by Faraz et al. (2024) to check the effectiveness of myofascial release technique on range of motion and functional disability for patients with piriformis syndrome. They include sixty-six participants with deep gluteal syndrome. They showed that between group analysis showed MFR technique along with conventional therapy was more effective in alleviating pain and functional disability as compared to routine physical therapy .

This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the combined effects of somatosensory motor control and myofascial release on pain reduction, lumbar range of motion, and functional disability in sciatica patients. Most studies have focused either on general low back pain or on single interventions without evaluating the synergistic effects of comprehensive treatment protocols. Furthermore, limited research exists on the implementation of these combined therapies within the Pakistani population, where cultural, socioeconomic, and healthcare access factors may influence treatment outcomes.
Participants will attend their first study visit at a clinic at UBC. They will be randomized to the cranberry capsule or placebo. Participants will be instructed to consume the assigned supplement for the next 12 months. A calendar will be provided to record compliance and recurrent UTI. Participants will also record any side effects. They will be phoned each month to encourage participation and adherence. At 8 weeks and 6 months, they will be asked to return to the clinic to complete a midline questionnaire which will ask about any recurrent UTIs experienced. More supplements will be provided at their 6-month visit. At 12 months, participants will return to the clinic to complete an endline questionnaire. They will return any leftover supplements, calendar and side effect diary. If participants withdraw from the study, they will still be encouraged to return at 12 months to complete the survey to allow for intent-to-treat analysis.
Nociplastic pain, characterized by abnormal pain processing without an identifiable organic cause, affects a significant portion of the global population. Unfortunately, current pharmacological treatments for this condition often prove ineffective, prompting the need to explore new potential targets for inducing analgesic effects in patients with nociplastic pain. In this context, toll-like receptors (TLRs), known for their role in the immune response to infections, represent promising opportunities for pharmacological intervention because they play a relevant role in both the development and maintenance of pain. Although TLRs have been extensively studied in neuropathic and inflammatory pain, their specific contributions to nociplastic pain remain less clear, demanding further investigation. This review consolidates current evidence on the connection between TLRs and nociplastic pain, with a specific focus on prevalent conditions like fibromyalgia, stress-induced pain, sleep deprivation-related pain, and irritable bowel syndrome. In addition, we explore the association between nociplastic pain and psychiatric comorbidities, proposing that modulating TLRs can potentially alleviate both pain syndromes and related psychiatric disorders. Finally, we discuss the potential sex differences in TLR signaling, considering the higher prevalence of nociplastic pain among women. Altogether, this review aims to shed light on nociplastic pain, its underlying mechanisms, and its intriguing relationship with TLR signaling pathways, ultimately framing the potential therapeutic role of TLRs in addressing this challenging condition.
PURPOSE:To provide a water-soluble dietary fiber-containing food and drink excellent in texture, physiologically active effects, etc., by extracting a vegetable fibrous raw material with an alkali, treating the resultant extract with an enzyme and adding the produced partial hydrolyzate of hemicellulose to a food and drink. CONSTITUTION:A vegetable fibrous raw material, such as exodermis of corn, rice bran, wheat bran, barley bran, malt root or wood, is extracted with an alkali. The resultant extract is then treated with an enzyme (e.g. xylanase or cellulase) to prepare a partial hydrolyzate of the hemicellulose, which is added to a food and drink, such as juice, lactic acid beverage, ice cream, bread or cookie, to produce a water-soluble dietary fiber-containing food and drink. Thereby, the partial hydrolyzate of the hemicellulose is soluble in water and capable of imparting excellent physiological activity with a small amount and the aqueous solution thereof has a low viscosity. As a result, neither increase in viscosity of the food and drink nor deterioration in texture thereof, etc., will occur.
Four weekly group mindfulness attention training sessions of a 1.5-hour duration. Participants provided with audio recordings, readings, and homework assignments consisting of various mindfulness practices.
Traditional administration of oxytocin at Lutheran Medical Center involves the use of two 20 IU / 1000 mL bags hung sequentially at a flow rate of 125 mL / hour each after the delivery of the anterior shoulder. This will total no more than 16 hours.
Under X-ray guidance, a 23-gauge radiofrequency top-pole needle with an active tip of 5 mm is inserted for test blockade. The needle is directed at the facet joint of the 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae.The needle is introduced parallel to the radiographic projection and is projected as a dot approximately 1 cm anterior to the spine. The radiographic projection is then changed to lateral, and the needle is slowly advanced until the tip was situated at the anterior border of the third cervical vertebra. On the anteroposterior projection, the tip of the needle is projected over the lateral part of the facetal column. When the tip of the needle is in position, 0.3 mL of Omnipaque is injected. On the transverse projection, the contrast is distinctly anterior to anterior border of the vertebral bodies, and in the anteroposterior projection, the contrast is seen spreading in a space overlying the facetal column in a cranial as well as caudal direction.
Abstract Botulinum toxin type A (Btx-A) has been extensively studied and used clinically for its muscle paralyzing effects, but there is a growing body of evidence to support a role in pain modulation. Symptomatic osteoarthritis is a leading cause of pain, functional impairment, and disability, with significant indirect costs to society. Preliminary evidence suggests that Btx-A has a significant nociceptive effect, when injected intra-articularly, in to painful joints. The proposed study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of Btx-A injected intra-articularly in 60 subjects with moderate pain and functional impairment secondary to knee osteoarthritis, in a randomized, cortisone-controlled, double blind study, over a 6 month follow up period. If Btx-A is shown to be of equal or greater efficacy than cortisone in this patient population, it may be an excellent second line treatment for osteoarthritis, in multiple joints, where surgery is contraindicated or deferred due to age, comorbidities, or patient preference. Further studies examining the mechanism of action at the biochemical level, the clinical effect of Btx-A in other joints (in both osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis), the efficacy of Btx-A compared to hyaluronic acid (the only currently available injectable alternative to cortisone), and the side effect profile (effect on adjacent muscle strength, joint position sense, and long-term outcomes) would be indicated.
High blood pressure affects a third of the United States population; it is one of the most common health problems in this country. With proper treatment, including weight loss, diet, exercise, or medication, individuals can usually maintain adequate blood pressure control. A large percentage of people, however, do not have their blood pressure under sufficient control. Prompting individuals to ask their doctors specific medical questions has proven effective in improving overall preventive medical care, but its effect on blood pressure control among hypertensive individuals has not been evaluated. "My Expert Doctor" is a web-based program that helps patients to ask the right questions regarding specific tests and treatments during their doctor visits. Upon entering medication and treatment information into the web site, patients are provided with individualized feedback and recommended questions to ask their doctor. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the individualized, web-based intervention in improving blood pressure control in individuals with high blood pressure.

Both physicians and their patients will be enrolled in this 1-year study. Participating physicians will be randomly assigned to either the web-based intervention group or a control group. Recruitment materials describing the study will be mailed to their patients who have high blood pressure. Eligible patient participants will attend a baseline study visit, which will include blood pressure measurements and self-report questionnaires. Patient participants in the intervention group will receive access to the interactive section of the web site for 1 year. They will have the ability to enter their medication history, blood pressure measurements, and blood test results. This information will then be analyzed against a database containing the National Institutes of Health (NIH) blood pressure control guidelines. Questions that participants may want to ask their physician, reasons for asking the questions, and links to reputable web sites (e.g., American Heart Association) will then be displayed. Automated email reminders will encourage participants to use the web site on a monthly basis and prior to any doctor visits. Participants in the control group will be given access to an area of the web site that does not provide individualized feedback, but does contain information related to the prevention of high blood pressure. Baseline evaluations will be repeated at a Year 1 study visit. Study researchers will review participants' medical records to analyze serum creatinine test results and blood pressure measurements during the 1-year study and 1 year prior to the study.
Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas (HMO) disease, also known as 'Hereditary Multiple Exostosis', is a rare autosomal dominant musculoskeletal disorder whose prevalence is estimated at 1:50000. It is characterised by benign osteo-cartilaginous tumours called 'osteochondromas' or 'exostoses', cartilage capped bony outgrowths that originate from the perichondrium of long bones and from the surface of flat bones. The development and growth of exostoses occur in parallel with the growth of the subject and then stop at skeletal maturity. HMO is characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity and the most important complication is malignant transformation of osteochondroma towards secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma, which is estimated to occur in 0.5-5%. In most case, the disease is characterized by a broad-spectrum of mutations in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes coding for transmembrane glycoproteins with glycosyl-transferase activity.

Patients with HMO are subject to functional and postural alterations of the musculoskeletal system caused by bone deformities that begin to appear at an early age. The characterization and monitoring of residual mobility is essential to objectively quantify the motor and morphological deficit and to understand the mechanisms of action and evolution of this pathology. To date, there are no studies in the literature on the instrumental characterisation of OM. Furthermore, although skeletal structure deformities are one of the main causes of functional alterations, studies on the description and instrumental characterisation of macroscopic morphological alterations are limited. The expected results are morphological data (shape, position, size and numerosity) of osteochondromas and functional data (range of motion of the joints affected by the pathology). Other expected results are: accuracy and repeatability of the instruments to be used for monitoring pathology; an overall evaluation of the experience by means of an evaluation questionnaire; information on the feasibility of the pilot study for the implementation of a study on a larger cohort; identification of new prevention and treatment strategies in patients with rare diseases clinically similar to OM (e.g. metachondromatosis) or for other skeletal diseases that are not rare but widespread (e.g. osteoarthritis).
UNLABELLED: Imbalanced gut microbiota (GM) and abnormal fecal bile acid (BA) are thought to be the key factors for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we explore the influence of the GM-BA-Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) axis on IBS-D. Twenty-five IBS-D patients and fifteen healthy controls were recruited to perform BA-related metabolic and metagenomic analyses. Further, the microbiota-humanized IBS-D rat model was established by fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) to investigate the GM-BA-TGR5 axis effects on the colonic barrier and visceral hypersensitivity (VH) in IBS-D. Finally, we used chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), an important BA screened out by metabolome, to evaluate whether it affected diarrhea and VH via the TGR5 pathway. Clinical research showed that GM associated with bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity such as Bacteroides ovatus was markedly reduced in the GM of IBS-D, accompanied by elevated total and primary BA levels. Moreover, we found that CDCA not only was increased as the most important primary BA in IBS-D patients but also could induce VH through upregulating TGR5 in the colon and ileum of normal rats. TGR5 inhibitor could reverse the phenotype, depression-like behaviors, pathological change, and level of fecal BSH in a microbiota-humanized IBS-D rat model. Our findings proved that human-associated FMT could successfully induce the IBS-D rat model, and the imbalanced GM-BA-TGR5 axis may promote colonic mucosal barrier dysfunction and enhance VH in IBS-D.
IMPORTANCE: Visceral hypersensitivity and intestinal mucosal barrier damage are important factors that cause abnormal brain-gut interaction in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Recently, it was found that the imbalance of the gut microbiota-bile acid axis is closely related to them. Therefore, understanding the structure and function of the gut microbiota and bile acids and the underlying mechanisms by which they shape visceral hypersensitivity and mucosal barrier damage in IBS-D is critical. An examination of intestinal feces from IBS-D patients revealed that alterations in gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism underlie IBS-D and symptom onset. We also expanded beyond existing knowledge of well-studied gut microbiota and bile acid and found that Bacteroides ovatus and chenodeoxycholic acid may be potential bacteria and bile acid involved in the pathogenesis of IBS-D. Moreover, our data integration reveals the influence of the microbiota-bile acid-TGR5 axis on barrier function and visceral hypersensitivity.