anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Animal personality has established connections with animal performance, resilience, and welfare which are related to stable behavioral patterns. Precision livestock technologies introduce the opportunity to measure these behavior patterns automatically and noninvasively. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to determine if personality traits in dairy calves measured via standardized personality assessments were associated with activity measured via a commercially available accelerometer. Secondary aims of this study were to investigate if personality traits were associated with feeding behaviors measured via an automatic feeding system (AFS) and with average daily gain (ADG). We characterized personality traits of Holstein calves (n = 49) utilizing standardized personality (novel environment, novel person, novel object, and startle) tests. Behaviors from these tests were summarized and 3 factors were extracted from a principal component analysis to represent calf personality traits: fearful, active, and explorative. Factor scores were regressed against behaviors from the accelerometer and AFS and with ADG. We found that calves that were more active were associated with taking more steps in the home environment, consuming more calf starter, and with reaching the benchmark of 1 kg of starter consumed in a day at a younger age. The trait active was also associated with greater ADG throughout the study. In addition, calves that were more explorative in the personality tests were associated with less starter consumed and lower ADG specifically during the weaning period. The findings of this research contribute to the existing literature by further establishing the links between personality traits and the daily behavioral patterns and performance of young calves. This study suggests the potential for using precision technology to assess and characterize personality traits, thereby enhancing their practical applicability on farms. Future research should focus on evaluating how personality traits, as measured through standardized assessments and precision technologies, correlate with deviations in behavior observed in dairy calves during stressors.
Screening: After completion of all screening procedures and confirmation of eligibility, all participants receive a 1- to 2-mL injection of 0.1 mg ertafolide labeled with 20 to 25 mCi of technetium-99m Part A: Induction phase of treatment: Two 4-week cycles; if stable disease or better at week 8 computed tomography (CT), participant may proceed into maintenance phase, comprised of 4-week cycles with CT every 8 weeks. Participants continue on study until they experience disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or attain protocol-defined clinical benefit. Part B: 4-week cycles with CT every 8 weeks. Participants continue until they experience disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or attain protocol-defined clinical benefit.
Background and Objectives: Unstable atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries is one of the main risk factors for cerebral ischemia. Duplex ultrasound is a frequently used diagnostic method, but it has some limitations for microvascularization and neovascularization evaluation. The aim of this review was to evaluate the role of the new multiparametric US method-contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-in atherosclerotic plaque instability verification. Materials and Methods: Original studies, reviews, and meta-analyses were included in this article. A total of 53 studies were retrieved; 29 were included in this study. Results: Carotid artery CEUS as a part of the multiparametric ultrasound method shows promising results and provides additional characteristics of soft- and high-risk atherosclerotic plaques; it can be advised in clinical practice for patients with carotid artery soft- and high-risk plaques. However, there are some limitations, such as extensive calcinosis with important acoustic shadows in carotid atherosclerotic plaque neovascularization diagnostics by CEUS. The added value of CEUS in the characterization of atherosclerotic plaque is that it indicates regions with high neovascularization and visualizes ulcerations on plaque surfaces, suggestive of increased instability risk.
The intervention is the administration of a single dose of approximately 5-10 mCi 18F-TFB (mass \<= 50 μg) for imaging purposes. This will be followed by a 30 minute dynamic PET/CT study immediately after injection, at 60 minutes (+/- 10 min) and 4 hours (+/- 15 min) post injection. The second and third scan will last up to 30 minutes.
BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies indicate that the systemic application of C1-inhibitor, clinically used to treat hereditary angioedema, reduces secondary brain injury after ischemic stroke. This study assessed the effect of C1-inhibitor on secondary brain injury after hemorrhagic stroke.
METHODS: We used an established striatal whole-blood injection mouse model to mimic intracerebral hemorrhage-related secondary brain injury. Based on the spatiotemporal dynamics in our model, we calculated the necessary sample size (n = 24) and determined the most sensitive time point to detect potential group differences (48 h) prior to the experiments. The experimental setup, tissue processing and image analysis adhered to our published protocol. We randomized mice into three groups: C1-inhibitor treatment, placebo, and sham. Histology was standardized by taking eight anatomically predefined slices across the entire lesion. Lesion size, vascular leakage, and inflammatory responses were assessed using automated thresholding and dextran/ICAM1/CD45 intensity mapping. Investigators were blinded to group allocation during the experiment, tissue processing, and image analysis.
RESULTS: Whole blood injection resulted in significantly larger lesion size and more pronounced vascular leakage and cellular inflammation compared to the sham group. However, there was no difference in lesion size or inflammatory markers between the C1-inhibitor and placebo groups. In addition, there was no difference in the inflammatory response of the choroid plexus, which has been identified as a central organ orchestrating inflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage.
CONCLUSION: The protective effect of C1-inhibitor might be isolated to pathophysiological processes with a predominant thromboinflammatory component, as in ischemia-reperfusion, but less so in permanent ischemia or intracerebral hemorrhage.
OBJECTIVE: Cervical epidural steroid injections (ESIs) can provide effective pain management for patients suffering from chronic neck pain due to various pathological changes of the cervical spine. There are several rare adverse effects reported from interventional pain procedures, including persistent hiccups ("singultus"). Based on a limited number of cases, we propose a modified treatment algorithm for this adverse outcome (Fig. 3).
CASE REPORT: Singultus has been documented as an adverse effect of interventional pain procedures, including epidural steroid, facet joint, and sacroiliac joint injections. We describe the case of a general contractor who presented to our clinic with chronic neck pain and central canal stenosis. The patient received an uncomplicated lumbar ESI in the past and was recommended for a cervical interlaminar ESI. After an uneventful C6-C7 interlaminar ESI with dexamethasone, 1% lidocaine, and normal saline the patient developed singultus. Baclofen was sent to his pharmacy, but this was unsuccessful at alleviating his hiccups. The patient was subsequently started on chlorpromazine and found relief from his symptomatology.
CONCLUSION: Persistent hiccups after ESI or interventional pain procedures can be treated with conservative measures and non-pharmacologic methods, with escalation to therapy with baclofen, gabapentin, pregabalin, metoclopramide, chlorpromazine, other antipsychotic or antidopaminergic agents, and possible dual or triple therapy if further indicated.
The UK Biobank is a population-based study of a large prospective longitudinal cohort with information on 500,000 people, who were aged 40-69 when recruited in 2006-2010 from England, Scotland and Wales. The database includes demographic data, online questionnaires, X-rays and scan image of (brain, heart, abdomen, bones and carotid artery), as well as urine and saliva samples and blood biochemistry including: hormones and blood lipid. The online questionnaires (about: diet, cognitive function, work history and digestive health). It aims to improve the following: prevention, diagnosis and treatment for a broad number of diseases including cancer, heart diseases, stroke, diabetes, arthritis, osteoporosis, eye disorders, depression and forms of dementia. This detailed information on participants provide a resource for investigators to conduct research related a particular diseases.

There are four phases of assessment in UK Biobank. The first phase was the UK Biobank Pilot assessment that included 3798 participants from Stockport only in 2006. Then, the second phase was the initial assessment visit that started in 2007 until 2010. This was the baseline assessment and included approximately 500000 participants. After that, the third phase was conducted and called the first repeat assessment visit which took place between 2012-2013 and included 20346 participants. Lastly, the imaging visit which is considered the fourth phase started in 2014 until present.
The invention provides streptococcus paracasei F278, the preservation number of which is CGMCC No. 17578. Streptococcus paracasei F278 was gavaged with human breast milk collected by the inventors to 8-week-old sterile mice grown in sterile bags, and each mouse was gavaged twice every other day with the same breast milk. Mice were kept on sterile bags for 8 weeks after the gavage was completed. And (4) performing bacterial isolation by using the feces of the mice at the 8 th week. Streptococcus paracasei F278, which can be used as probiotic preparation, food additive, or effective component of medicine, especially for the case of streptococcus deficiency in infant breast milk, breast milk substitute, infant formula, dairy product or related products.
Patients randomized to Arm 1 will undergo appropriate therapy as determined by their oncologist. These patients will either continue their current therapy or be transitioned to a new standard of care therapy at the discretion of the treating oncologist. If randomized to Arm 1, these patients may undergo palliative RT for progressive, painful lesions (a skeletal related event) at time of symptom development (not upfront palliative RT).
Risk Summary   


Based on findings in animals and its mechanism of action, Xgeva can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. There are insufficient data with denosumab use in pregnant women to inform any drug associated risks for adverse developmental outcomes. In utero denosumab exposure from cynomolgus monkeys dosed monthly with denosumab throughout pregnancy at a dose 25-fold higher than the recommended human dose of Xgeva based on body weight resulted in increased fetal loss, stillbirths, and postnatal mortality; and absent lymph nodes, abnormal bone growth, and decreased neonatal growth [see Data]. 

Apprise pregnant women of the potential risk to the fetus. 

The background rate of major birth defects and miscarriage is unknown for the indicated population. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.

Data   


Animal Data   


The effects of denosumab on prenatal development have been studied in both cynomolgus monkeys and genetically engineered mice in which RANK ligand (RANKL) expression was turned off by gene removal (a “knockout mouse”). In cynomolgus monkeys dosed subcutaneously with denosumab throughout pregnancy starting at gestational day 20 and at a pharmacologically active dose 25-fold higher than the recommended human dose of Xgeva based on body weight, there was increased fetal loss during gestation, stillbirths, and postnatal mortality. Other findings in offspring included absence of axillary, inguinal, mandibular, and mesenteric lymph nodes; abnormal bone growth, reduced bone strength, reduced hematopoiesis, dental dysplasia, and tooth malalignment; and decreased neonatal growth. At birth out to one month of age, infants had measurable blood levels of denosumab (22-621% of maternal levels).

Following a recovery period from birth out to 6 months of age, the effects on bone quality and strength returned to normal; there were no adverse effects on tooth eruption, though dental dysplasia was still apparent; axillary and inguinal lymph nodes remained absent, while mandibular and mesenteric lymph nodes were present, though small; and minimal to moderate mineralization in multiple tissues was seen in one recovery animal. There was no evidence of maternal harm prior to labor; adverse maternal effects occurred infrequently during labor. Maternal mammary gland development was normal. There was no fetal NOAEL (no observable adverse effect level) established for this study because only one dose of 50 mg/kg was evaluated. Mammary gland histopathology at 6 months of age was normal in female offspring exposed to denosumab in utero; however, development and lactation have not been fully evaluated.

In RANKL knockout mice, absence of RANKL (the target of denosumab) also caused fetal lymph node agenesis and led to postnatal impairment of dentition and bone growth. Pregnant RANKL knockout mice showed altered maturation of the maternal mammary gland, leading to impaired lactation [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3) and Nonclinical Toxicology (13.2)].
Participants in this arm will use the air up® drinking system with a peach-flavored pod. The intervention aims to test if the flavored scent encourages increased water intake, which will be assessed by self-reported questionnaires and hydration-related health outcomes over 12 weeks.
The safety of ZYVOX formulations was evaluated in 215 pediatric patients ranging in age from birth through 11 years, and in 248 pediatric patients aged 5 through 17 years (146 of these 248 were age 5 through 11 and 102 were age 12 to 17). These patients were enrolled in two Phase 3 comparator-controlled clinical trials and were treated for up to 28 days. In these studies, 83% and 99%, respectively, of the adverse events reported with ZYVOX were described as mild to moderate in intensity. In the study of hospitalized pediatric patients (birth through 11 years) with Gram-positive infections, who were randomized 2 to 1 (linezolid:vancomycin), mortality was 6.0% (13/215) in the linezolid arm and 3.0% (3/101) in the vancomycin arm. However, given the severe underlying illness in the patient population, no causality could be established. Table 8 shows the incidence of adverse events reported in at least 2% of pediatric patients treated with ZYVOX in these trials.

Table 9 shows the incidence of drug-related adverse events reported in more than 1% of pediatric patients (and more than 1 patient) in either treatment group in the comparator-controlled Phase 3 trials.
OBJECTIVES: Anaemia during pregnancy is a major health challenge affecting pregnancy outcome worldwide. The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of severe-moderate anaemia in the first trimester, as well as changes in haemoglobin during pregnancy among non-anaemic women, on foetal weight, placental blood flow and newborn anthropometrics.
METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, 346 women residing in rural Tanzania were followed throughout pregnancy with serial ultrasound and newborn anthropometrics assessed within 24 h of delivery. Associations between placental blood flow, foetal weight and newborn anthropometrics with either first trimester severe-moderate anaemia (haemoglobin≤9.5 g/dL) or changes in haemoglobin from the first to the third trimester among non-anaemic women, were assessed by mixed model regression and multiple linear regression, adjusting for maternal and foetal co-variables. Foetal weights and birthweight were converted to z-scores using a population based sex-specific weight reference.
RESULTS: Severe-moderate anaemia in the first trimester was associated with significantly reduced foetal weight z-scores (adjusted mean difference (aMD) -0.44 (95% CI -0.81, -0.07)) and newborn anthropometric indices (birth weight z-score aMD -0.55 (-0.9, -0.13), abdominal circumference aMD -11 mm (95% CI -20, -3)). There were no association between first trimester severe-moderate anaemia and placental blood flow. Among women who were non-anaemic in the first trimester, women with the least reduction in haemoglobin (Δ ≥ -0.3 g/dL) delivered significantly smaller newborns (birthweight z-score aMD -0.55 (-0.91, -0.20), abdominal circumference aMD -10 mm (95% CI -17, -3), compared to women with the greatest reduction (Δ haemoglobin ≤ -1.4 g/dL)).
CONCLUSIONS: Severe-moderate anaemia in early pregnancy was associated with smaller newborn anthropometrics which was reflected in smaller mean foetal weights in the second and third trimester. Furthermore, among women who were non-anaemic in the first trimester, there was an association between smaller newborn anthropometrics and limited haemoglobin decrease during pregnancy, possibly reflecting insufficient plasma expansion.
The positive clinical threshold of human papillomavirus (HPV) tests validated for primary cervical cancer screening (CCS) is designed to offer an optimal balance between clinical sensitivity and specificity. However, there may be a gap between the analytical sensitivity of the test and the positive clinical threshold, referred to here as the "gray-zone." This study aims to determine the prevalence and significance of HPV results obtained in the gray-zone in routine practice. Cervical samples obtained in our institution for CCS over a 22-month-period were tested with the Alinity m HR-HPV Assay (Abbott). Clinical and biological data, including cytological results and patients' HPV history were collected. Of the 6101 samples collected, 1.7% had an HPV result in the gray-zone (102 patients). The proportion of gray-zone results varied according to HPV genotype, reaching 11.8% of samples with detectable HPV DNA in the case of HPV31/33/52/58 genotypes. Reflex cytologies showed no abnormalities or Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance results in 74.6% and 17.9% of cases, respectively. A previous or subsequent HPV-positive result with a (possibly) identical genotype was observed in 58% and 38% of cases, respectively. Two women with a history of persistent HPV detection had a CIN2+ lesion 1 year after the gray-zone result. In conclusion, the proportion of HPV results in the gray-zone varies according to genotype. No cytological abnormality is observed in the majority of cases, but a few rare patients with a history of persistent HPV infection should be closely monitored even if the HPV result is transiently located in the gray-zone.
PURPOSE:To obtain a pharmaceutical agent for dermatosis such as athlete's foot exhibiting remarkable suppressing action on pathogen of athlete's foot, i.e. trichophytons, and essentially free from toxicity by using a component extracted from shrub althea, especially from its bark as an active component. CONSTITUTION:A component extracted from shrub althea (preferably its bark), especially a component produced by extracting the dried powder of the bark with ethanol, is used as an active component of the present drug. For example, 2 liters of 70-100% ethanol is added to 1kg of the dried powder of the bark, left standing for 1 week and filtered. 60 Grams of benzoic acid having emollient effect and wet sore suppressing action and 120g of salicylic acid are dissolved in 1 liter of the above filtrate and the solution is applied to the lesion. The actions mitigating symptoms of the obtained agent on dermatosis such as bleb and sore, reduction of itchiness and quick curing of the disease are superior to those of commercially available medicines.
Heart failure is a complex condition which affects the hearts' ability to pump blood around the body properly. Due to this complexity, it often affects multiple systems in the body and can impact the quality of life. A proportion of heart failure patients also have muscle weakness, where one can feel fatigued, and weak, and may have trouble balancing and standing. To characterise muscle weakness, it is important to look at skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function. The study will focus on the prevalence of reduced muscle strength or function, using a variety of assessments within patients with heart failure. The prevalence of muscle weakness will be investigated by running assessments to look into muscle strength, a series of simple exercise tests will be run of the calf and thigh, in addition to a walking test, a balance test and a standing test to assess whole body performance. To look at the quality of skeletal muscle, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy session will allow us to investigate the quality of the thigh muscle and the energetics in the calf. Finally, a muscle biopsy will be performed to understand differences in muscle tissue in people with different types of heart failure.

Overall, this study will provide us with unique information on skeletal muscle strength, composition and energetics within patients with heart failure, by looking at the main factors which characterise muscle weakness.
The invention discloses a gastrodia elata derivative crystal form as well as a preparation method, a preparation and an application thereof. In a powder X-ray diffraction pattern, the gastrodia elata derivative crystal form shows characteristic diffraction peaks at reflection angles 2thea+/-0.2 degrees, namely 4.7+/-0.2, 8.1+/-0.2, 9.9+/-0.2, 17.8+/-0.2, 19.6+/-0.2, 22.6+/-0.2 and 23.4+/-0.2 degrees. The preparation method of the gastrodia elata derivative crystal form comprises the following steps: adding an inorganic solvent with mass-to-volume ratio in g/ml of 1:(10-200) into a gastrodia elata derivative crude product, refluxing for 0.5-3 hours at the temperature of 60-90 DEG C, cooling to 0-30 DEG C, standing for 1-5 hours, carrying out crystallization, carrying out suction filtration, washing a filter cake, and carrying out reduced pressure drying at the temperature of 40-80 DEG C, so that the gastrodia elata derivative crystal form target product is obtained. The preparation can be tablets, capsules, granules, freeze-dried powder injection and injection prepared by adding pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and auxiliary materials into the gastrodia elata derivative crystal form. The application is namely application of the gastrodia elata derivative crystal form in preparation of a medicine used for treating central nervous system diseases. The gastrodia elata derivative crystal form has extremely high quality stability, the preparation method of the gastrodia elata derivative crystal form is easy to operate, production cost is low, industrial production can be easily realized, and product purity is high and can reach up to more than 99%.