anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
While there are no large, well-controlled studies on the use of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in pregnant women, Brumfitt and Pursell,11 in a retrospective study, reported the outcome of 186 pregnancies during which the mother received either placebo or sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. The incidence of congenital abnormalities was 4.5% (3 of 66) in those who received placebo and 3.3% (4 of 120) in those receiving sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. There were no abnormalities in the 10 children whose mothers received the drug during the first trimester. In a separate survey, Brumfitt and Pursell also found no congenital abnormalities in 35 children whose mothers had received oral sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim at the time of conception or shortly thereafter.

Because sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim may interfere with folic acid metabolism, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Teratogenic Effects:

Human Data:

While there are no large prospective, well-controlled studies in pregnant women and their babies, some retrospective epidemiologic studies suggest an association between first trimester exposure to sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim with an increased risk of congenital malformations, particularly neural tube defects, cardiovascular abnormalities, urinary tract defects, oral clefts, and club foot. These studies, however, were limited by the small number of exposed cases and the lack of adjustment for multiple statistical comparisons and confounders. These studies are further limited by recall, selection, and information biases, and by limited generalizability of their findings. Lastly, outcome measures varied between studies, limiting cross-study comparisons. Alternatively, other epidemiologic studies did not detect statistically significant associations between sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim exposure and specific malformations.

Animal Data:

In rats, oral doses of either 533 mg/kg sulfamethoxazole or 200 mg/kg trimethoprim produced teratologic effects manifested mainly as cleft palates. These doses are approximately 5 and 6 times the recommended human total daily dose on a body surface area basis. In two studies in rats, no teratology was observed when 512 mg/kg of sulfamethoxazole was used in combination with 128 mg/kg of trimethoprim. In some rabbit studies, an overall increase in fetal loss (dead and resorbed conceptuses) was associated with doses of trimethoprim 6 times the human therapeutic dose based on body surface area.

Nonteratogenic Effects: See  CONTRAINDICATIONS section.
The treatments will be initiated as soon as possible after randomization (maximum allowed starting time 12h after randomization). Patients in this group will be administered enoxaparin at standard prophylactic dose (i.e., 4000 UI once day, increased to 6000 UI once day for patients weighting more than 90 kg). The treatment with enoxaparin will be initiated as soon as possible after randomization (maximum allowed starting time 12h after randomization). The treatment will be administered subcutaneously, daily up to ICU discharge. After ICU discharge it may be continued or interrupted in the destination ward up to clinical judgement of the attending physician.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Ninjurin 2 (NINJ2) polymorphisms on susceptibility to coronary heart disease (CHD).
METHODS: We conducted a case-control study with 499 CHD cases and 505 age and gender-matched controls. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NINJ2 (rs118050317, rs75750647, rs7307242, rs10849390, and rs11610368) were genotyped by the Agena MassARRAY platform. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analysis to assess the association of NINJ2 polymorphisms and CHD risk-adjusted for age and gender. What's more, risk genes and molecular functions were screened via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and functional enrichment analysis.
RESULTS: Rs118050317 in NINJ2 significantly increased CHD risk in people aged more than 60 years and women. Rs118050317 and rs7307242 had strong relationships with hypertension risk in CHD patients. Additionally, rs75750647 exceedingly raised diabetes risk in cases under multiple models, whereas rs10849390 could protect CHD patients from diabetes in allele, homozygote, and additive models. We also observed two blocks in NINJ2. Further interaction network and enrichment analysis showed that NINJ2 played a greater role in the pathogenesis and progression of CHD.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NINJ2 polymorphisms are associated with CHD risk.
The invention relates to a cellprotective, neuroprotective and retinoprotective composition. In an embodiment of the invention, said composition comprises (i) Ramipril or Ramiprilate and (ii) folic acid. The composition of the invention can be used, in particular, for the prevention of loss of vision, or even for improving visual acuity and visual field in normal subjects, as well as for treating ophthalmologic pathologies, in particular: glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age related macular degeneration, hereditary dystrophy of the retina, uveitis, ammetropia (myopia, presbyopia). This combination of active principles could also be used in general conditions for treating general pathologies (cancer . . . ).
The participants in treatment group had received two consecutive injections of PDRN one day and two days after the surgery. A total 1mL of PDRN was injected along the suture line at distance of 1cm in each session.
Participants with alcohol use disorder randomized to this group will receive pioglitazone. Study procedures include a bronchoscopy at baseline and an additional bronchoscopy after taking the study medication for 2 to 4 weeks.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to be a major cause of death and disability throughout the world. The pathophysiological processes which occur post-TBI are complex and have not been fully elucidated. Penetrating injury, mechanical stress, cceleration-deceleration injury, and shear forces provide the direct trauma-induced damage. Subsequently, the reduced cerebral blood flow deregulates cerebral metabolism and depletes energy stores within the brain. Diffusion barriers to the cellular delivery of oxygen develop and persist. Besides, TBI often leads to intracranial hypertension, which in turn exacerbates diffusion disorders, further reducing cerebral oxygenation, and deteriorates the injury. Ischemia has been implicated as a major cause of secondary brain injury and death following severe brain injury.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) has been used in early treatment of TBI. Studies have shown that increased tissue oxygen delivery is capable of driving an increase in oxygen utilization, leading to improved cerebral aerobic metabolism. By increasing the partial pressure of oxygen in blood, HBO2 increases cerebral oxygen saturation. In addition, HBO2 has been shown in both experimental and clinical studies to reduce intracranial pressure and cerebral edema after severe TBI. HBO2 has been shown to decrease mortality rates and improve functional outcome in severely brain-injured patients.

However, due to the different severity of TBI, the clinical situation of early insult is complex and diverse, and a considerable number of patients in the acute stage was accompanied by unstable intracranial hemorrhage, hemodynamic instability, ventilator assisted ventilation and other unpredictable conditions, therefore, ordinarily there was a time delay between TBI and onset of HBO2 treatment averaging more than 2 weeks, especially in patients with severe TBI. Whether the delayed intervention is still effective is controversial.
Purpose: Dhikr and prayer reduce pain and improve a patient's vital signs. However, the interactions among these require further clarification in patients undergoing appendectomy. This study aimed to assess the effects of the combination of dhikr and prayer on pain, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation. Study design: Quasi-experimental design. Method: Pain, pulse, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation were measured via clinical examination immediately after leaving the recovery room at 1 and 2 hr after surgery in both the experimental and control groups. In total, 88 eligible participants were allocated to two groups: participants who received both dhikr and prayer (n  =  44), and those who received routine care without analgesic therapy (n  =  44). The chi-square test, independent t test, and general equation model were employed. Results: Respondents showed a significant interaction between group and time to decrease in pain, pulse, respiratory rate, and improved oxygen saturation, except for pain within 1 hr. The differences in all outcome scores between the groups after 1 and 2 hr were statistically significant, except for oxygen saturation after 1 hr. Conclusion: The combination of dhikr and prayer effectively decreased pain and improved vital signs. This helped nurses implement this procedure by promoting an essential culture of spiritual care for appendectomy patients.
Risk Summary

There are no data available on the use of rubidium Rb 82 chloride in pregnant women. Animal reproductive studies have not been conducted with rubidium Rb 82 chloride injection. However, all radiopharmaceuticals have the potential to cause fetal harm depending on the fetal stage of development and the magnitude of the radiation dose. If considering rubidium Rb 82 chloride injection administration to a pregnant woman, inform the patient about the potential for adverse pregnancy outcomes based on the radiation dose from rubidium Rb 82 and the gestational timing of exposure.

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.
The control group will receive treatment as usual (e.g. medication, counselling) but no neurofeedback training during the study period. Patients in the control group will be invited for four behavioural assessment sessions (baseline assessment, follow-up assessments 4/8/12 months after baseline).
PURPOSE: A safe and effective inhibitor of Helicobacter pylori colonization in the stomach and a food containing the inhibitor is provided. CONSTITUTION: Mucin is a giant polymer having an ultra-high molecular weight of 10¬6-10¬7, and comprises 10-20% by weight of proteins and 80-90% by weight of carbohydrates. Mucin-type glycoprotein, which is a constitutive ingredient of mucin, is a conjugated protein in which sugar chains comprising D-galactose, sialic acid, L- fucose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, etc. are bound to peptides and which is characterized in that the sugar chains are bound to peptides by the binding of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine to hydroxyl groups of serine or threonine through O-glycosidic linkage. Part of the sugar chain contains a sulfate group. The mucin may be any mucin other than a mucin derived from a mammalian alimentary canal, and includes mucins prepared from mammalian milk, and albumen, chalaza and vitelline membrane of poultry eggs. Preferably, mucins derived from the milk of a cow (hereinafter referred to as milk) or the albumen of chicken eggs are used in view of their effect.
INTRODUCTION: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe childhood-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by treatment-refractory seizures, including tonic/atonic 'drop' seizures, and intellectual impairment and slow spike-wave discharges on the electroencephalogram. Fenfluramine, previously prescribed as a weight-loss drug but then withdrawn, has recently been approved in the US, EU, and UK for the adjunct treatment of seizures associated with LGS.
AREAS COVERED: The authors review the efficacy and safety findings from clinical trials of fenfluramine in LGS. The authors then discuss the evidence for adverse effects that may be of particular concern to fenfluramine, namely cardiac abnormalities, and weight loss, in the context of the use of fenfluramine for the treatment of the refractory seizures in LGS.
EXPERT OPINION: Fenfluramine has demonstrated efficacy in reducing the frequency of seizures in LGS, notably drop seizures, in short-term and long-term clinical trials. Valvular heart disease and pulmonary hypertension have not been reported at the low doses (≤26 mg/day) used in these studies, however, data are limited. Due to its novel mechanism of action, fenfluramine may be of benefit in LGS which has not responded adequately to other antiseizure medications. However, none of these medications, including fenfluramine, achieves the ultimate goal of seizure freedom in most cases.
Antiretroviral drug exposure is directly linked to individual host factors which include age, weight, diet, and genetics. However, the main factor impacting long-term drug exposure is drug adherence. Adherence is a strong predictor of HIV treatment outcomes, but measuring adherence is difficult due to the inaccuracy of self-reporting and other commonly used monitoring methods. To date, no gold standard measure to monitor antiretroviral exposure and adherence has been applied in clinical practice. Tenofovir (TFV) and its active metabolite, tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP), have distinctive pharmacological characteristics that make them ideal candidates for drug adherence and exposure monitoring. The long half life (\~14-17 days) of TFV-DP in red blood cells (RBC) are properties well suited for monitoring average dose exposure over time. Based on these, the investigators propose that RBC levels of TFV-DP are an accurate and precise measure of long-term drug exposure in HIV-infected individuals. In addition, the investigators aim to quantify TFV-DP in dried blood spots (DBS) as a simple method to measure drug exposure.

This is an observational, 48-week prospective study of HIV-infected individuals treated with TFV in which the investigators will compare DBS TFV-DP levels in virologically suppressed vs. non-suppressed individuals and evaluate the utility of TFV-DP in DBS to predict virologic failure and also drug toxicity. To accomplish this, the investigators will approach HIV-infected patients currently taking TFV (which is being prescribed by a primary care physician) and who present to the clinic for regular HIV care. After informed consent is obtained, the investigators will collect extra blood samples for DBS TFV-DP and obtain information on drug adherence. The investigators will also collect extra blood samples for DBS TFV-DP at each subject's subsequent visit for approximately 3 visits in a 48 week period of time.
This will be a prospective diagnostic trial of screening for prostate cancer among men with genetic predisposition. The target population is males (40-70 year old) carrying a BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 germ line mutation. They will be identified via our Genetic counseling unit. All men after signing an informed consent will undergo the following tests: PSA, free to total PSA, MRI of prostate and prostate biopsy. The primary endpoint will be to estimate the prevalence, stage and grade of prostate cancer in this population. Additionally, the study aims to estimate the impact of these germ line mutations on benign prostatic hyperplasia. Furthermore, this study aims to create a bio-bank of tissue, urine and serum of this unique cohort for future investigations. Finally, this study will identify an inception cohort for future interventional studies of primary and secondary prevention.
Use of a peptide comprising the N-terminal sequence or any allelic variant or its derivative, where the peptide has the biological property of matching the inducible vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin binding motif on the B beta -chain of human fibrin, for producing a pharmaceutical composition to treat shock, preferably hemorrhagic shock. Use of a peptide comprising the N-terminal sequence Gly-His-Arg-Pro-Leu-Asp-Lys-Lys-Arg-Glu-Glu-Ala-Pro-Ser-Leu-Arg-Pro-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ile-Ser-Gly-Gly-Gly-Tyr-Arg or any allelic variant or its derivative, where the peptide has the biological property of matching the inducible vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin binding motif on the B beta -chain (i.e. Bbeta 1 5 - 4 2) of human fibrin, for producing a pharmaceutical composition to treat shock, preferably hemorrhagic shock. An independent claim is included for a procedure for the determination of the inflammation inhibiting effects of the peptide through measurement of the inhibition of the releasing of interleukin-6 (IL-6) of the endothelial cell after an exposition at the fibrin E fragment. ACTIVITY : Vasotropic; Antiinflammatory; Respiratory-Gen; Hepatotropic. MECHANISM OF ACTION : Interleukin-6 inhibitor.
PCT No. PCT/DE88/00478 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 9, 1989 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 9, 1989 PCT Filed Aug. 3, 1988 PCT Pub. No. WO89/01788 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 9, 1989.The invention relates to an apparatus for the controlled delivery or release of nitroglycerin to the human or animal skin, preferably in plaster form with a nitroglycerin-impermeable backing layer, a one or multiple-part reservoir containing a pressure sensitive adhesive nitroglycerin in uniform or irregular distribution and optionally a removable protective layer impermeable for nitroglycerin, the reservoir being produced using hol melt pressure sensitive adhesives with a processing temperature of 40 DEG  to 80 DEG  C., preferably 40 DEG to 60 DEG  C. and in particularly preferred manner 40 DEG  to 45 DEG C., a process for the production thereof and the use of the apparatus for therapeutic purposes in human and veterinary medicine.
The deregulation of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated fatty acids (MUFAs, PUFAs, SFAs) from de novo synthesis and hypoxia are central metabolic features of breast tumour. Early response markers for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) are critical for stratified treatment for patients with breast cancer, and restoration of lipid metabolism and normoxia might precede observable structural change. In this study, we hypothesised that peri-tumoural lipid composition and hypoxia might be predictive and early response markers in patients with breast cancer undergoing NACT. Female patients with breast cancer were scanned on a 3T clinical MRI scanner at baseline and Cycle1, with acquisition of lipid composition maps of MUFAs, PUFAs, and SFAs, and hypoxia maps of effective transverse relaxation rate R2*. The percentage change in lipid composition and hypoxia at Cycle1 was calculated with reference to baseline. Tumour-associated macrophages were analysed based on immunostaining of CD163 from biopsy and resection, with the percentage change in the resected tumour calculated across the entire NACT. We found no significant difference in lipid composition and R2* between good and poor responders at baseline and Cycle1; however, the correlation between the percentage change in MUFAs and PUFAs against CD163 suggested the modulation in lipids with altered immune response might support the development of targeted therapies.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adults treated surgically for lumbar disc herniation in adolescence have a higher degree of lumbar disc degeneration than controls. We aimed to establish whether the degree of lumbar degeneration differs at diagnosis or at follow-up between surgically and non-surgically treated individuals.
METHODS: We identified individuals with a lumbar disc herniation in adolescence diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contacted them for follow-up MRI. Lumbar degeneration was assessed according to Pfirrmann, Modic, and total end plate score (TEP score). Patient-reported outcome measures at follow-up comprised the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EQ-5D-3-level version, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for back and leg pain. Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U tests, Wilcoxon tests, and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: MRIs were available at diagnosis and after a mean of 11.9 years in 17 surgically treated individuals and 14 non-surgically treated individuals. Lumbar degeneration was similar at diagnosis (P = 0.2) and at follow-up, with the exception of higher TEP scores in surgically treated individuals at levels L4-L5 and L5-S1 at follow-up (P ≤ 0.03), but this difference did not remain after adjustment for age and sex (P ≥ 0.8). There were no significant differences in patient-reported outcome measures between the groups at follow-up (all P ≥ 0.2).
CONCLUSION: Adolescents with a lumbar disc herniation have, irrespective of treatment, a similar degree of lumbar degeneration at the time of diagnosis, and similar lumbar degeneration and patient-reported outcomes at long-term follow-up.
PURPOSE: The use of angiography in postmortem CT angiography (PMCTA) has several advantages. In adults, femoral vascular access is well established. Due to the small and specific anatomy in fetuses and infants, the technique has to be adapted, especially regarding the vascular access. The aim of this study was to evaluate vascular access for pediatric PMCTA (pedPMCTA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten pedPMCTAs were performed in stillbirths, babies, and one toddler. A femoral approach by cannulation of the femoral artery and vein, an umbilical approach by cannulation of the umbilical vessels, and an intraosseous approach by an intraosseous needle were evaluated by handling and resulting imaging.
RESULTS: The insertion of a cannula with a size of 18-20 G in the femoral vessels was possible in babies. An umbilical access with peripheral venous cannulas with a size of 14-20 G was feasible in stillbirths and newborns. An intraosseous access is advisable as equal alternative to umbilical and in cases where a femoral access is not possible. The most significant problem with the vascular access is the extravasation of contrast media, but this can be reduced significantly with practice.
CONCLUSION: When performing pedPMCTA, an umbilical vascular access is recommended if an umbilical cord with open vessels is still present. Otherwise, a bone marrow access should be preferred in the presence of an arteriovenous shunt or if only the venous system needs to be shown. If that is not the case, the femoral access with the possibility to separate venous and arterial scan should be used.