anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
A U.S., multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid at a dose of 13 to 15 mg/kg/day, administered in 3 or 4 divided doses in 180 patients with PBC (78% received four times a day dosage). Upon completion of the double-blind portion, all patients entered an open-label active treatment extension phase.

Treatment failure, the main efficacy endpoint measured during this study, was defined as death, need for liver transplantation, histologic progression by two stages or to cirrhosis, development of varices, ascites or encephalopathy, marked worsening of fatigue or pruritus, inability to tolerate the drug, doubling of serum bilirubin and voluntary withdrawal. After two years of double-blind treatment, the incidence of treatment failure was significantly (p<0.01) reduced in the ursodiol tablets, 250 mg group (20 of 86 (23%) as compared to the placebo group (40 of 86 (47%). Time to treatment failure, which excluded doubling of serum bilirubin and voluntary withdrawal, was also significantly (p<0.001) delayed in the ursodiol tablets, 250 mg treated group (n=86, 803.8±24.9 d vs. 641.1±24.4 d for the placebo group (n=86) on average) regardless of either histologic stage or baseline bilirubin levels (>1.8 or ≤1.8 mg/dL).

Using a definition of treatment failure, which excluded doubling of serum bilirubin and voluntary withdrawal, time to treatment failure was significantly delayed in the ursodiol tablets, 250 mg group. In comparison with placebo, treatment with ursodiol tablets, 250 mg resulted in a significant improvement in the following serum hepatic biochemistries when compared to baseline: total bilirubin, SGOT, alkaline phosphatase and IgM.
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. As a natural phenolic acid, protocatechuic acid (PCA) is abundant in various plant foods. The present study investigated the effect of PCA on TMAO-aggravated atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. The mice were randomly divided into five groups and fed one of the following five diets for 12 weeks: namely a low-fat diet (LFD), a western diet (WD), a WD + 0.2% TMAO diet (WDT), a WDT + 0.5% PCA diet (WDT + LPCA), and a WDT + 1.0% PCA diet (WDT + HPCA). Results demonstrated that dietary TMAO exacerbated the development of atherosclerosis by eliciting inflammation and disturbing lipid metabolism. The diet with PCA at 1% reduced TMAO-induced aortic plaque by 30% and decreased the levels of plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines. PCA also improved lipid metabolism by up-regulating the hepatic gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). In addition, PCA supplementation enhanced fecal excretion of fatty acids and decreased hepatic fat accumulation. PCA supplementation favorably modulated gut microbiota by increasing the α-diversity with an increase in the abundance of beneficial genera (Rikenella, Turicibacter, Clostridium_sensu_stricto and Bifidobacterium) and a decrease in the abundance of the harmful Helicobacter genus. In summary, PCA could alleviate the TMAO-exacerbated atherosclerosis and inflammation, improve the lipid metabolism, and modulate gut microbiota.
This invention refers to a linear single chain recombinant trispecific antibody (scTsAb). This trispecific antibody is composed of an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), an anti-CD3, and an anti-CD28 (CEA-scTsAb). More specifically, a Fc linking peptide fuses the anti-CEA single chain fragment (scFv) to the anti-CD3 scFv, and an HSA linking peptide fuses the anti CD3 scFv to the anti-CD28 heavy variable chain (V H) in tandem. A c-myc-tag and/or (His) 6-tag is attached to the C terminal of the CEA-scTsAb either alternatively or simultaneously. This invention also refers DNA sequence coding for the said scTsAbs, plasmids containing the said sequences, and host cells containing the said plasmids. These invented scTsAbs are intended for use in the development of therapeutic drug candidate for treatment of human colon cancer.
Protection against endothelial damage is recognized as a frontline approach to preventing the progression of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes vascular endothelial damage during CRS, although the molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Targeting IL-6 receptor signaling delays CRS progression; however, current options are limited by persistent inhibition of the immune system. Here, we show that endothelial IL-6 trans-signaling promoted vascular damage and inflammatory responses via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α)-induced glycolysis. Using pharmacological inhibitors targeting HIF1α activity or mice with the genetic ablation of gp130 in the endothelium, we found that inhibition of IL-6R (IL-6 receptor)-HIF1α signaling in endothelial cells protected against vascular injury caused by septic damage and provided survival benefit in a mouse model of sepsis. In addition, we developed a short half-life anti-IL-6R antibody (silent anti-IL-6R antibody) and found that it was highly effective at augmenting survival for sepsis and severe burn by strengthening the endothelial glycocalyx and reducing cytokine storm, and vascular leakage. Together, our data advance the role of endothelial IL-6 trans-signaling in the progression of CRS and indicate a potential therapeutic approach for burns and sepsis.
Remote-access thyroid surgery has gained popularity and has advanced significantly over the past two decades, given the patient desire to avoid cosmetically displeasing scarring. The mostly recently introduced remote thyroid surgery is the transoral endoscopic thyroid surgery via vestibular approach (TOETVA). Because of the several advantages comparing with other removeaccess thyroid surgery, making it nowadays growing in popularity since 2016. However, TOETVA carry some inherent risks, including mental nerve injury, tumor seeding and local recurrence, fibrosis-induced long-lasting pulling sensation below the lower jaws, and surgical site infection coming from the clean-contaminated environment of oral incision.

Comparing with clean wound via the traditional open surgery, TOETVA carry the potential risk of infection. Based on the author's recommendation, prophylactic antibiotic (augmentin) will be administered 30 minutes before incision at operative room, followed by 2-day course of intravenous antibiotic, then shift to 5-day course of oral antibiotic finally. Up to date, only few case complicating postoperative infection were reported with extremely low infection rate (\<1%). Therefore, the investigators want to study the short-course (2 days) of antibiotic coverage is also effective to prevent surgical site infection. It was proved in the preliminary study, comprising 5 patients in each group (2-day course in the study group and 7-day course in the control group). Later, the investigators will recruit more patients (n=100) to confirm this study.
The invention relates to a chitosamine hydrochloride pellet preparation and its preparation method. By using glucosamine extracted from marine organism as an active ingredient, the chitosamine hydrochloride pellet preparation comprises glucosamine pellets and a coating layer. The glucosamine pellets contain the following materials, by weight, 70-90% of chitosamine hydrochloride with the particle size being 30-100 microns, 10-20% of blank drug core pellets with the particle size being 0.2-1 mm, 2-10% of a binder and 0.1-1% of a flow aid. According to the chitosamine hydrochloride pellet preparation, as the whole drug release body is composed of multiple drug release units, abnormal drug release behaviors of an individual unit will not influence the whole situation. Thus, an ideal overall drug release rate can be obtained, and an expected blood concentration can be achieved. Therefore, an ideal curative effect is achieved, and the irritant effect on the gastrointestinal tract can be reduced.
Hyponatremia has occurred as a result of treatment with clomipramine. In many cases, hyponatremia appears to be the result of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Elderly patients may be at greater risk of developing hyponatremia with a serotonergic antidepressant. Also, patients taking diuretics or who are otherwise volume-depleted can be at greater risk. Discontinuation of clomipramine hydrochloride in patients with symptomatic hyponatremia and appropriate medical intervention should be instituted. Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia include headache, difficulty concentrating, memory impairment, confusion, weakness, and unsteadiness, which can lead to falls. More severe and/or acute cases have included hallucination, syncope, seizure, coma, respiratory arrest, and death.
Heart valves help control blood flow through the heart and, if diseased, may need to be replaced. After having a heart valve replaced, patients have a higher risk of death than people who have not had a valve replaced. In young adult patients, replacing the aortic heart valve with a mechanical valve halves their life-span compared to other people their age. Mechanical valves tend to form blood clots so they need long-term blood thinners that increase risk of bleeding and lower quality of life. Animal tissue valves reduce clotting and bleeding risks but wear out sooner and shorten patient life-span. An operation, called the Ross procedure, replaces a patient's diseased aortic valve with his/her own pulmonary valve and uses a donor valve in the pulmonary position which receives less stress than the aortic valve. The Ross procedure aims to improve valve durability with less clotting, avoiding use of blood thinners. Patients and physicians need a large, high-quality study comparing the Ross procedure and standard valve replacement to know if either approach is better.

The investigators will perform a 3-year feasibility study in seven sites, in Canada and abroad, to test the study design and ability to do a larger, conclusive study comparing the impact of the Ross procedure to standard valve replacement on survival without valve-related life-threatening complications. Patients will be randomized, like flipping a coin, to receive the Ross or standard valve surgery. The goals are 1) to evaluate if the investigators can recruit 6 patients per site per year, 2) to test if the assigned procedure is performed in over 90% of study patients, and 3) to see how many mechanical vs. tissue valves are used in the standard valve group. Patients eligible but not enrolled in the trial will be asked if the investigators can collect some data on how they do after their surgery. If the investigators show the study is feasible, they will proceed to the full study and will include the feasibility patients in the full study.
Subjects will receive ASP1235 (AGS62P1) as an intravenous infusion every other week of a 4-week cycle (Q2W) to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or recommended Phase 2 dose. A cycle is 28 days.
PURPOSE: A composition containing a BLT2 inhibitor for blocking UV ray is provided to suppress apoptosis and to protect skin or hair from UV ray. CONSTITUTION: A composition for blocking UV ray contains a BLT2 inhibitor as an active ingredient. The UV ray is UVB. The BLT2 inhibitor is LY255283, BLT2 siRNA, or BLT2 antibody. The BLT2 siRNA has a sequence of sequence number 1. A pharmaceutical composition for protecting skin or hair from UV ray contains the BLT2 inhibitor as an active ingredient. The pharmaceutical composition is used for preventing or treating skin inflammation, sensitive pigmentation, melanoma, or non-melanoma skin cancer. A cosmetic composition for protecting skin or hair form UV ray contains the BLT2 inhibitor as an active ingredient. The cosmetic composition further contains molecular or granular UV blocking agent, or mixture thereof.
Patients will receive FKB327 40 mg every other week by subcutaneous injection. The treatment period will continue for 22 weeks.
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a composition excellent in hair growing effect. SOLUTION: This hair growing composition is obtained by blending 0.001-10% minoxidil with an extract of Jatova (a leguminous plant, Hymenaea courbaril) and/or an extract of Betula in an amount of 0.001-10% expressed in terms of dried solid material. The minoxidil has a chemical name of 2,4-diamino-6- piperidinopyrimidine-3-oxide and is commercialized as an agent for treating hypertension and hirsutism phenomenon is known as adverse effect of minoxidil. Jatova is Hymenaea courbaril which is a leguminous plant grown in Brazil and Betula is Betula alnoides which is a betulaceous plant grown in Thailand. These crude medicines are each used by extracting these plants with an aqueous or organic solvent (e.g. ethanol).  These crude medicines are each blended with a base such as lotion, tonic, cream, ointment or aerosol and the resultant preparation is used by applying to scalp once or several times daily.
This study aimed to explore the associations between constitutions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and common disease (CD). A large-scale, community-based, cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the associations. A total of 3748 participants were available for analysis in this study. The assessment of constitution of TCM was based on recommendations of Association Chinese Medicine in China. In this study, the diagnosis of CD was based on self-reported medical history. The associations were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression (MLR).
BACKGROUND: Frailty is a severe, common co-morbidity associated with congestive heart failure (CHF). This retrospective cohort study assesses the association between frailty and the risk of mortality in critically ill CHF patients.
METHODS: Eligible patients with CHF from the Medical Information Base for Intensive Care IV database were retrospectively analyzed. The frailty index based on laboratory tests (FI_Lab) index was calculated using 33 variables to assess frailty status. The primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and one-year mortality. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and the administration of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with concurrent AKI. Survival disparities among the FI_Lab subgroups were estimated with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The association between the FI_Lab index and mortality was examined with Cox proportional risk modeling.
RESULTS: A total of 3273 adult patients aged 18 years and older were enrolled in the study, with 1820 men and 1453 women included. The incidence rates of in-hospital mortality and one-year mortality rate were 0.96 per 1,000 person-days and 263.8 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis identified baseline FI_Lab > 0.45 as an independent risk factor predicting in-hospital mortality (odds ratio = 3.221, 95% CI 2.341-4.432, p < 0.001) and one-year mortality (hazard ratio=2.152, 95% CI: 1.730-2.678, p < 0.001). In terms of predicting mortality, adding FI_Lab to the six disease severity scores significantly improved the overall performance of the model (all p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: We established a positive correlation between the baseline FI_Lab and the likelihood of adverse outcomes in critical CHF patients. Given its potential as a reliable prognostic tool for such patients, further validation of FI_Lab across multiple centers is recommended for future research.
Invasive species are one of the main threats to global biodiversity and, within marine ecosystems, tunicates feature some prominent examples. Styela plicata is an ascidian species inhabiting harbours in all temperate oceans and seas, thus being considered a thriving invasive species. However, this species' adaptive mechanisms, introduction history, and population structure have never been completely elucidated. Here, by genotyping 87 S. plicata individuals from 18 localities worldwide with 2b-RADseq, we confirm the global presence of four chromosome inversions, demonstrate population structuring on this species, detect local adaptation signals, and infer historical demographic events. We show that North Carolina individuals constitute an unrelated population, Atlanto-Mediterranean and Pacific localities form their own genetic clusters with substructuring, being the most evident the split between northern and southern Atlantic localities. The locality of South Carolina presents an intermediate genetic position between North Carolina and the other two groups pointing to a hybrid origin with recurrent gene flow. We generate and test demographic models, providing evidence of two independent introduction events to the Atlantic and Pacific, and an admixture that originated the population of South Carolina. Finally, we identify candidate loci for adaptation, with functions involved with cell processes, metabolism, development, and ion transport, among others. Overall, this study highlights the complex historical processes of S. plicata, which have led this species to its current distribution, population structure, and local adaptation footprint in oceans worldwide.
Many of the approximately 25,000 American Indian (AI) students enrolled in tribal colleges/universities in the US arrive there as smokers. A 2011 study of high school seniors reported that the smoking prevalence among AI students is approximately 40%, the highest rate among all racial and ethnic groups studied. Although prevalence data on smoking among AI college students are limited, studies have shown that the majority of smokers in high school continue to smoke once they reach college. Prohibited from marketing to adolescents and children, the tobacco industry in recent years has shifted its most intense marketing to college students, resulting in increases in smoking rates among them. The transition to college provides amble opportunities for young adults to acquire new and harmful habits. Many of these habits do not seem so alien to young AIs: Cigarette smoking is the number one cause of preventable death among AIs. Cancer is the second leading cause of death among AIs, and lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths for both AI men and women. Cultural factors, socioeconomic circumstances, and lack of culturally-tailored cessation programs for American Indian tribal college students have prevented access to effective interventions that promote smoking cessation. To date, few studies have focused on methods to encourage smoking cessation among tribal college students and no randomized clinical trials have yet been conducted. To address this public health deficit, we propose an innovative, effective, culturally and individually-tailored smoking cessation programs to promote cessation.

Primary aim is to: To test the effectiveness of a culturally-tailored internet-based smoking cessation intervention (I-ANBL) compared to an internet-based heart healthy diet (I-FV:fruit/vegetable) control condition in a randomized controlled trial with Tribal College students. Our hypothesis is that American Indian tribal college students randomized to the culturally-tailored smoking cessation arm will have significantly higher 7-day point prevalence abstinence (defined as no cigarettes in the past 7 days, biochemically verified) rates at 6 months than those receiving the heart healthy diet intervention.
A full VYXEOS course consists of 1-2 cycles of Induction and up to 2 cycles of Consolidation at the dose and schedule listed in Table 1. Prior to initiating each cycle of VYXEOS, calculate the prior cumulative anthracycline exposure for the patient [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. Administer prophylactic anti-emetics before treatment with VYXEOS.

a Only for patients failing to achieve a response with the first induction cycle.

For the first cycle of induction, the recommended dose of VYXEOS is (daunorubicin 44 mg/m2 and cytarabine 100 mg/m2) liposome administered via intravenous infusion over 90 minutes on days 1, 3, and 5. Prior to initiating induction, assess cardiac function and obtain liver and renal function studies. For patients who do not achieve remission with the first induction cycle, a second induction cycle may be administered 2 to 5 weeks after the first if there was no unacceptable toxicity with VYXEOS. The recommended dose for the second induction cycle of VYXEOS is (daunorubicin 44 mg/m2 and cytarabine 100 mg/m2) liposome administered via intravenous infusion over 90 minutes on days 1 and 3.

Administer the first consolidation cycle 5 to 8 weeks after the start of the last induction. The recommended dose for each cycle of consolidation therapy is VYXEOS (daunorubicin 29 mg/m2 and cytarabine 65 mg/m2) liposome administered via intravenous infusion over 90 minutes on days 1 and 3.

Assess cardiac function, complete blood counts, liver and renal function before each consolidation cycle. Do not start VYXEOS consolidation until the absolute neutrophil count recovers to greater than 0.5 Gi/L and the platelet count recovers to greater than 50 Gi/L in the absence of unacceptable toxicity. Administer the second consolidation cycle 5 to 8 weeks after the start of the first consolidation cycle in patients who do not show disease progression or unacceptable toxicity to VYXEOS.
BACKGROUND: Tranexamic acid is a recommended treatment for women with a clinical diagnosis of postpartum haemorrhage, but whether it can prevent bleeding is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in women giving birth.
METHODS: In this systematic review and IPD meta-analysis, we searched the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from database inception to Aug 4, 2024 for randomised trials that assessed the effects of tranexamic acid in women giving birth. Trials were eligible if they were prospectively registered, placebo-controlled, included more than 500 women, and had a low risk of bias for random sequence generation and allocation concealment. IPD were requested from the trial investigators. The primary outcomes were the numbers of women with life-threatening bleeding and thromboembolic events. We used a one-stage model to analyse the data and explored whether the effect of tranexamic acid varied by the underlying risk of life-threatening bleeding, type of birth, presence of moderate or severe anaemia, or timing of administration (before or after a diagnosis of postpartum haemorrhage). This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022345775.
FINDINGS: We analysed data on 54 404 women from five trials. We obtained IPD for 43 409 women from four trials and aggregate data on 10 995 women from one trial. All trials had a low risk of bias. Life-threatening bleeding occurred in 178 (0·65%) of 27 300 women in the tranexamic acid group versus 230 (0·85%) of 27 093 women in the placebo group (pooled odds ratio [OR] 0·77 [95% CI 0·63-0·93]; p=0·008). There was no evidence that the effect of tranexamic acid varied by the underlying risk of life-threatening bleeding, type of birth, presence of moderate or severe anaemia or timing of administration. No significant difference was identified between tranexamic acid and placebo groups with regard to thromboembolic events: 50 (0·2%) of 26 571 women in the tranexamic acid group had fatal or non-fatal thromboembolic events versus 52 (0·2%) of 26 373 women in the placebo group (pooled OR 0·96 [0·65-1·41]; p=0·82) with no significant heterogeneity identified in the subgroup analyses.
INTERPRETATION: Tranexamic acid reduces the risk of life-threatening postpartum bleeding. We found no evidence that tranexamic acid increases the risk of thrombosis. Although we do not recommend the use of tranexamic acid in all women giving birth, consideration should be given to its use before a diagnosis of postpartum haemorrhage in women at high risk of death.
FUNDING: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
PrEP service providers randomized to the Control Group will give transgender women enrolled in this study a standard of care PrEP explanation. This explanation follows the 2021 CDC PrEP Clinical Guidelines, which have been updated to include information about CAB-LA.