anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
Pioglitazone

During controlled clinical trials, one case of overdose with pioglitazone was reported. A male patient took 120 mg per day for four days, then 180 mg per day for seven days. The patient denied any clinical symptoms during this period.

In the event of overdosage, appropriate supportive treatment should be initiated according to the patient’s clinical signs and symptoms.

Glimepiride

An overdosage of glimepiride, as with other sulfonylureas, can produce severe hypoglycemia. Mild episodes of hypoglycemia can be treated with oral glucose. Severe hypoglycemic reactions constitute medical emergencies requiring immediate treatment. Severe hypoglycemia with coma, seizure, or neurological impairment can be treated with glucagon or intravenous glucose. Continued observation and additional carbohydrate intake may be necessary because hypoglycemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
The present invention relates generally to the field of human genetics. Specifically, the present invention relates to methods and materials used to isolate and detect human diabetes mellitus predisposing gene, specifically the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, some mutant alleles of which cause susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) . More specifically, the invention relates to germline mutations in the AGT gene and their use in the diagnosis of predisposition to diabetes. The invention also relates to the prophylaxis and/or therapy of diabetes associated with a mutation in the AGT gene. The invention further relates to the screening of drugs for diabetes therapy. Finally, the invention relates to the screening of the AGT gene for mutations, which are useful for diagnosing the predisposition to diabetes.
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a manufacturing method of a scrub agent-containing soap composition including a large amount of a scrub agent made of a water-insoluble inorganic salt powder, capable of preventing falling-apart to water and obtaining abundant viscous creme-like foam, efficiently in frame-kneading while dramatically improving the workability in casting for a preferable flowability for enabling homogeneous mixing.  <P>SOLUTION: The manufacturing method of a scrub agent-containing soap composition comprises a step of blending 25-40 pts.wt. of an aliphatic acid, 0.2-3.0 pts.wt. of a water-soluble inorganic salt, 15-40 pts.wt. of a polyol, 0.5-5 pts.wt. of a medium chain fatty acid ester, 2-20 pts.wt. of a scrub agent made of a water-insoluble inorganic salt powder and water, heating the composition while agitating and mixing for melting the aliphatic acid, neutralizing the aliphatic acid by adding 3-9 pts.wt. of a mixture of a sodium hydroxide and a potassium hydroxide, obtaining a homogeneous molten mixture with 13-20 pts.wt. moisture content at a 75-100°C temperature, and casting the molten mixture into a mold for cooling solidification.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
The clinical heterogeneity in cystic fibrosis (CF) is only partly explained by mutations in the CFTR gene. Most CF patients have evidence of liver dysfunction and focal biliary cirrhosis (fibrosis), and a subset of these patients (5-7%) progresses to severe liver disease (CFLD), as defined by portal hypertension and multilobular cirrhosis. The development of CFLD has no relationship to specific CFTR mutations or other biomarkers, and there is currently no way to identify which CF infants will develop severe liver disease.

The central hypothesis of this proposal is that the development of CFLD reflects the influence of non-CFTR "modifier" alleles (genes). This project is designed to identify associations between non-CFTR genes and CFLD, and test the biological effect of selected alleles on hepatic fibrosis in transgenic murine models. We hypothesize that polymorphisms in multiple genes, each with a conceptual or mechanistic link to liver disease, increase the risk for developing end-stage CF liver disease, and that interactions among these risk factors will define the pathophysiology of this disorder. To achieve our goals, we will study 400 CF patients with well-documented severe liver disease and portal hypertension, and 400 gender and genotype-matched CF patients \> age 15 years who have no evidence of CFLD. We propose to identify heritable risk factors for the development of CFLD by evaluation of functional sequence variants within, and single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with, multiple genes associated with CFLD pathogenesis. To test ("validate") the biological effects (impact) of selected genetic alleles on liver fibrosis, we will develop transgenic mice homozygous for DeltaF508 (DF508), who are also expressing an additional candidate gene modifier allele. Better definition of the complex genotypes that increase risk for severe liver disease in CF will allow early identification of CF infants predisposed to develop end-stage liver disease, and thereby allow testing of currently available therapies. Better understanding of the pathobiology of hepatic fibrosis in CF will identify novel targets to prevent (or reduce) the development of CFLD.
The present invention relates to the application of the grease of a cockroach on health care food and medicines and a preparation method thereof. The application is characterized in that after a dry polypide is adopted to be pulverized, grease is extracted in a solvent extraction mode, a proper amount of vitamin E is added to the grease, and a cockroach grease soft capsule is made. The preparation method comprises: the living polypide of a fresh cockroach is quickly frozen for 1 to 3 hours at-10 DEG C, and is killed; a killed polypide enters a vacuum drying oven, temperature is kept below 60 DEG C, and pressure is reduced by a mercury column of 300 millimeters; the killed polypide is dried for 6 to 12 hours, and a water content is kept below 5%; after a dry polypide is adopted to be pulverized, the grease of a cockroach is extracted in a solvent extraction mode; a grease soft capsule is made. The grease is used for synthesizing prostaglandin. The grease soft capsule improves the metabolism functions of the liver and the gall bladder, regulates the metabolism of cholesterol, controls the content of lipid in blood serum, regulates an immunological function and blood sugar, promotes the absorption of grease and fat-soluble vitamins, kills and inhibits malignant tumour cells, prevents cardiovascular disease, and resists rheumatism and rheumatoid disease. The application of the grease of a cockroach of the present invention changes an injurant into a valuable. The large biological resource treasure house of cockroaches can be used for bringing great advantages and benefits to the environment and the body health of humans.
The Australian Commission of Safety and Quality in Health Care mandates the application of the eight National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards to minimise high-risk adverse events in hospital settings for all Australian patients. It acknowledges that adults with intellectual disability require reasonable adjustments to the application of the standards to optimise the impact of the quality and safety measures for this group. The paper proposes a system whereby reasonable adjustments can be developed for this population. First, particular criteria, items or actions of a standard are selected for the formulation of reasonable adjustments. Second, the adjustments are broken down into categories of alterations to usual knowledge, process, content and organisation involved in compliance with the chosen aspect of the standard. Third, the categories of reasonable adjustments are simultaneously influenced and shaped by aspects of living with intellectual disability, disability supports and a health-disability sectoral interface.
This is a phase-I dose escalation clinical trial testing the safety and MTD of IV administration of AAV8-hCocH to subjects with a history of cocaine use disorder-sustained remission. Subjects who provide written informed consent, meet entry criteria, and do not have transduction inhibition to AAV8 (pre-existing AAV8 antibodies) will be eligible. Subjects will be enrolled sequentially every 2-3 months or longer between cohorts. Dose escalation may be initiated after a single subject has been safely dosed; maximum enzyme expression is anticipated at week 3-4. This escalation paradigm is intended to minimize the number of subjects exposed to sub-therapeutic doses. The starting dose is based on the expression and safety of AAV8-CocH in mice, rats and NHP, and previous human experience using AAV8-FVIII IV in hemophilia patients. The starting dose has a large safety margin (15-fold) from the NOAEL in NHP. Approximately 7 weeks after an injection, a decision to escalate to the next dose level will be made based on a review of safety parameters and CocH levels by the investigative team.
BACKGROUND: Accurate estimates of the COVID-19 pandemic's indirect impacts are crucial, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to update estimates of excess maternal deaths in Brazil during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: This was an exploratory mixed ecological study using the counterfactual approach. The observed maternal deaths were gathered from the Mortality Information System (SIM) for the period between March 2015 and February 2022. Expected deaths from March 2020 to February 2022 were estimated using quasipoisson generalized additive models, considering quadrimester, age group, and their interaction as predictor variables. Analyses were performed in R version 4.1.2, RStudio, version 2023.03.1+446 and carried out with support from the "mgcv" and "plot_model" libraries.
RESULTS: A total of 5,040 maternal deaths were reported, with varying excess mortality across regions and age groups, resulting in 69% excess maternal mortality throughout Brazil during the first two years of the pandemic. The Southeast region had 50% excess mortality throughout the first two years and 76% excess in the second year. The North region had 69% excess mortality, increasing in the second year, particularly among women aged 20-34. The Northeast region showed 80% excess mortality, with a significant increase in the second year, especially among women aged 35-49. The Central-West region had 75% excess mortality, higher in the second year and statistically significant among women aged 35-49. The South region showed 117% excess mortality, reaching 203% in the second year among women aged 20-34, but no excess mortality in the 10-19 age category.
CONCLUSIONS: Over two years, Brazil saw a significant impact on maternal excess deaths, regardless of region and pandemic year. The highest peak occurred between March and June 2021, emphasizing the importance of timely and effective epidemic responses to prevent avoidable deaths and prepare for new crises.
Patients referred to the sleep unit and randomized to Hospital group. Participants will be diagnosed in the hospital either by Polysomnography , Respiratory Polygraphy or one night Home Respiratory Polygraphy. In case of requiring CPAP treatment, the titration and adjustment of patient's will be accomplished at the hospital. This patient's will be monitored during 3 months of the study at the hospital.
A lactate/albumin ratio (LAR) greater than 0.5 measured early in the course of pediatric critical illness is associated with greater mortality. Whether the elevated LAR can be explained by microcirculation disorders in children with sepsis is not known. In this longitudinal retrospective study (January 2021-January 2024), serum albumin and lactate were measured on admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), with sublingual video microscopy performed simultaneously to measure microcirculation. A total of 178 children were included, 37% of whom had septic shock measured with the Phoenix Sepsis Score. Patients with remote sepsis had greater odds of an elevated LAR (aOR 6.87: 95% CI 1.98-23.73; p < 0.01). Children with an elevated LAR had more microvascular blood flow abnormalities (aOR 1.31 95% CI 1.08-1.58; p < 0.01), lower 4-6-micron capillary density (aOR 1.03 95% CI 1.01-1.05; p < 0.01) and greater odds of dying (aOR 3.55 95% CI 1.21-10.38; p = 0.02) compared to those with a low LAR. We found no association between LAR and endothelial glycocalyx degradation. A normal LAR is associated with less risk of microcirculatory injury (aOR 0.77 95% CI 0.65-0.93; p < 0.01). In children with sepsis, an elevated LAR is associated with microcirculation abnormalities (microvascular density and flow). The lactate/albumin ratio is a potentially useful biomarker for microcirculatory injury in sepsis.
Test Arm 1: T-SPOT.TB test using density gradient isolation (Leucosep) For each subject recruited in the study, cells will be isolated using Leucosep Tubes and T-Cell Xtend reagent according to package insert. For each subject recruited in the study, the T-SPOT.TB assay will be run according to the assay package insert.
Eyes will undergo phacoemulsification cataract surgery combined with iStent or iStent inject implantation according to standard clinical practice. From baseline through 3 months postoperatively, participants will complete subjective and objective assessments of ocular surface disease.
GSK-3β, IKK-β, and ROCK-1 kinases are implicated in the pathomechanism of Alzheimer's disease due to their involvement in the misfolding and accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and tau proteins, as well as inflammatory processes. Among these kinases, GSK-3β plays the most crucial role. In this study, we present compound 62, a novel, remarkably potent, competitive GSK-3β inhibitor (IC50 = 8 nM, Ki = 2 nM) that also exhibits additional ROCK-1 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.3 µM) and demonstrates anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Compound 62 effectively suppresses the production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lipopolysaccharide-induced model of inflammation in the microglial BV-2 cell line. Furthermore, it shows neuroprotective effects in an okadaic-acid-induced tau hyperphosphorylation cell model of neurodegeneration. The compound also demonstrates the potential for further development, characterized by its chemical and metabolic stability in mouse microsomes and fair solubility.
This evaluator-blinded, randomized, prospective, controlled trial enrolled consecutive patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Patients were stratified into four strata according to the side of the lesion and the surgical approach. A set of numbered envelopes containing cards indicating the allocated group was prepared for each stratum. When a new eligible participant was registered, an envelope was randomly drawn, and the therapist was informed of group allocation.

To ensure consistent intervention, two certified occupational therapists were trained by two primary investigators to administer the intervention and control group protocols independently. The two trained occupational therapists recorded outcome measurements at the baseline and immediately after the intervention. The evaluators were blinded to group allocation, and participants were blinded to the study hypotheses.
BACKGROUND: Undernutrition and underweight are osteoporosis risk factors. Therefore, improving the health of underweight young women in Japan is an important medical issue. However, few studies have evaluated the association between being preconception underweight and postnatal osteoporotic fractures in young women.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used a Japanese nationwide claims database (JMDC Inc.) to evaluate the effect of preconception underweight on the incidence of osteoporotic fracture within two years after delivery. Data from 16,684 mothers who delivered their first singleton babies between January 2006 and December 2020 were analysed. The combination of disease codes of fractures at sites associated with osteoporosis and medical procedures for fractures was defined as the incidence of osteoporotic fractures, whereas the body mass index (BMI) recorded 12-36 months before delivery was used as the exposure. We estimated the incidence of osteoporotic fractures by BMI category using a Kaplan-Meier curve and examined the fracture risk using Cox hazard regression analyses.
RESULTS: Fifty-one women (0.31%) were affected by osteoporotic fractures within two years of delivery. More than 80% of these were rib fractures, and approximately 65% of fractures occurred after the first year postpartum. Preconception underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) was significantly associated with the incidence of postpartum osteoporotic fractures. There was no significant association between low BMI and postnatal fractures, as analysed via multiple categorical logistic regression analysis.
CONCLUSION: Appropriate control of preconception weight might be critical to improving the postpartum quality of life, subsequent bone health, and neonatal care environment.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most widely used medications. It is becoming increasingly common for patients to take these potent acid suppressants on a long-term and continuous basis for erosive esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus and protection against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related gastropathy. PPI therapy leads to elevated serum gastrin levels and may impair the absorption of calcium and food-bound vitamin B12. PPI-induced hypergastrinemia has a direct trophic effect on the parathyroid glands, leading to parathyroid hyperplasia, increased parathyroid hormone secretion and bone loss. Furthermore, both calcium malabsorption and vitamin B12 deficiency are associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased osteoporotic fracture risk. Consistent with these data, recent studies revealed a positive association between PPI therapy and the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) can provide a three-dimensional structural analysis of trabecular and cortical volumetric BMD (vBMD) and dimensions. These data are imperative for a valid assessment of the effect of chronic PPI therapy on bone strength. The investigators hypothesize that PPI therapy leads to decreased cortical and trabecular vBMD, cortical dimensions and bone strength.
A data processing technique is provided. In one embodiment, a computer-implemented method includes accessing patient deviation data of a structural difference between a patient anatomical feature and a standardized anatomical feature. The method may also include comparing the patient deviation data to reference deviation data sets representative of multiple disease types. Each reference deviation data set may be representative of an expected deviation from the standardized anatomical feature for a particular disease type. The method may further include automatically identifying one or more potential patient disease types based at least in part on the comparison. Additional methods, systems, and manufactures are also disclosed.
No carcinogenicity or mutagenicity studies have been conducted with sotatercept-csrk.

In a fertility and early embryonic development study in female rats, sotatercept-csrk was administered SC once weekly at doses of 5, 15, and 50 mg/kg beginning 2 weeks prior to mating and through gestation day 7. At doses ≥15 mg/kg (≥9 fold the MRHD, based on estimated AUC), pregnancy rates were decreased and there were increases in preimplantation and postimplantation loss and reductions in live litter size. Increased estrous cycle duration occurred at 50 mg/kg only (21-fold the MRHD, based on estimated AUC).

In a fertility study in male rats, sotatercept-csrk was administered SC once weekly at doses of 0.3, 3, and 30 mg/kg for 13 weeks (beginning 10 weeks prior to mating). A subset of animals was examined after a 13-week recovery period. At ≥0.3 mg/kg (0.5-fold the MRHD, based on estimated AUC) there were non-reversible histologic changes in the efferent ducts, testes, and epididymides. Reversible decreases in functional fertility endpoints occurred at 30 mg/kg (20-fold the MRHD, based on estimated AUC).
BACKGROUND: The potential impact of elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on residual renal function (RRF) has not been determined. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between IAP and the rate of RRF decline in newly initiated peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and to identify the optimal IAP threshold value for delaying the deterioration of RRF.
METHODS: A cohort of 62 newly initiated PD patients who completed both 6- and 12-month follow-up evaluations was obtained using the Durand method. A logistic regression model was used to identify variables associated with a rapid decline in RRF. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to determine the optimal threshold value. Another retrospective cohort analysis was performed to validate the identified critical value.
RESULTS: For each 1 cmH2O increase in IAP, the risk of a rapid decline in the RRF increased by a factor of 1.679. Subsequent analysis revealed that patients in the high IAP group had more significant decreases in residual renal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (Z = -3.694, p < 0.001) and urine volume (Z = -3.121, p < 0.001) than did those in the non-high IAP group. Furthermore, an IAP ≥15.65 cmH2O was a robust discriminator for the prediction of the rate of RRF decline.
CONCLUSION: Patients in the high IAP group experienced a more rapid decline in RRF. Additionally, an optimal critical pressure of 15.65 cmH2O was identified for predicting the rate of RRF decline. IAP, as one of the factors contributing to the rapid decline in RRF in the first year of PD, should be given due attention.
The trial will enroll 9 patients with leukemia and 9 patients with lymphoma. Each disease has 3 dose-levels.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and deadliest cancer globally. Regimens using 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and Oxaliplatin (OXA) are the first-line treatment for CRC, but tumor recurrence is frequent. It is plausible to hypothesize that differential cellular responses are triggered after treatments depending on the genetic background of CRC cells and that the rational modulation of cell tolerance mechanisms like autophagy may reduce the regrowth of CRC cells. This study proposes investigating the cellular mechanisms triggered by CRC cells exposed to 5FU and OXA using a preclinical experimental design mimicking one cycle of the clinical regimen (i.e., 48 h of treatment repeated every 2 weeks). To test this, we treated CRC human cell lines HCT116 and HT29 with the 5FU and OXA, combined or not, for 48 h, followed by analysis for two additional weeks. Compared to single-drug treatments, the co-treatment reduced tumor cell regrowth, clonogenicity and stemness, phenotypes associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in clinics. This effect was exerted by the induction of apoptosis and senescence only in the co-treatment. However, a week after treatment, cells that tolerated the treatment had high levels of autophagy features and restored the proliferative phenotype, resembling tumor recurrence. The pharmacologic suppression of early autophagy during its peak of occurrence, but not concomitant with chemotherapeutics, strongly reduced cell regrowth. Overall, our experimental model provides new insights into the cellular mechanisms that underlie the response and tolerance of CRC cells to 5FU and OXA, suggesting optimized, time-specific autophagy inhibition as a new avenue for improving the efficacy of current treatments.