anthonyyazdaniml/gliner-biomed-curated-corpus huggingface dataset:
BACKGROUND: High-dose long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) has been associated with increased mortality and hospitalizations. Therefore, the evidence-based German guideline on LTOT for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) recommends to only exceed the maximum daily dose (MDD) of opioids in exceptional cases. This study aimed to determine the portion of LTOT patients who exceeded the guideline-recommended MDD and identify predictors of exceeding in administrative claims data.
METHODS: The retrospective observational analysis of opioid prescriptions in patients receiving LTOT for CNCP was based on administrative claims by a large German statutory health insurance company. Patients with at least two quarters of opioid prescriptions between January 2018 and June 2019 were included and followed up for two years. Predictors were identified by logistic regression. In addition, the number of patients still in opioid therapy and the extent of exceeded MDDs were analyzed over time.
RESULTS: The sample consisted of 113,475 patients. Overall, 10.5% of the patients exceeded the guideline-recommended MDD averaged over the observation period. Strong predictors for exceeding the MDD were receiving opioid prescriptions from > 7 physicians (OR = 7.66, p < .001), receiving predominantly strong opioids (OR = 6.79, p < .001) and receiving opioids for at least one year prior to inclusion (OR = 5.35, p < .001). Within the non-exceeding group, 28.1% discontinued opioid therapy. In contrast, 9.9% of patients in the exceeding group discontinued opioid therapy, whereas the vast majority remained on treatment until the end of the observation period. Furthermore, a slight increase in prescribed doses was observed over time.
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that a moderate proportion of patients exceeded the guideline-recommended MDD. However, certain patient groups were more likely to receive high doses. This applied in particular to those who were already on treatment at the time of inclusion and continued to receive opioids until the end of the observation period. Further research should examine whether the continuous opioid therapy among the patients with exceeding the guideline-recommended MDD might be related to specific indications, a lack of therapeutic options or avoidance of withdrawal.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register (drks.de/search/en). Identifier: DRKS00024854. Registered 28 April 2021.
Refractive surgeries are widely used in patients with ametropia. Refractive surgery is most commonly performed in patients with myopia. These patients often have a predilection for developing other conditions in the posterior segment of the eye, like myopic maculopathy or glaucoma which require monitoring with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Since OCT is a light-based test and changes in the refractive status of the eye (in the cornea or the lens) can potentially affect the results of the OCT measurements. Literature review reveals that the effect of significant changes in refractive power of the eye on the parameters of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has not been sufficiently studied. Some authors simulated the effect of refractive surgery using a contact lens but had diverging results. This prospective pilot study aims at studying the potential change in OCT parameters in the eye after undergoing refractive surgery.
The invention provides medicinal liquor for removing rheumatism. By mass weight, the medicinal liquor for removing the rheumatism comprises the following raw materials: 1400-1600 parts of ginger, 240-280 parts of peach seeds, 380-420 parts of rheum, 1400-1800 parts of ricepaperplant pith, and 1800-2200 parts of double steamed wine. An electric hair dryer is preferably used to blow affected parts hot and boil the medicinal liquor hot to enable the medicinal liquor to come into play. The three different application methods are strong in penetration force, and can exert drug efficacy of the medicinal liquor. The three different application methods are free of toxic and side effect, and are a good helper for rheumatism. The medicinal liquor for removing rheumatism has wide application prospect.
It is particularly important to administer Aplenzin Tablets in a manner most likely to minimize the risk of seizure [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS: Seizures (5.4)]. Gradual escalation in dosage is also important if agitation, motor restlessness, and insomnia, often seen during the initial days of treatment, are to be minimized. If necessary, these effects may be managed by temporary reduction of dose or the short-term administration of an intermediate to long-acting sedative hypnotic. A sedative hypnotic usually is not required beyond the first week of treatment. Insomnia may also be minimized by avoiding bedtime doses. If distressing, untoward effects supervene, dose escalation should be stopped. Aplenzin should be swallowed whole and not crushed, divided, or chewed. Aplenzin may be taken without regard to meals.
The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the treatment effects of semantic feature analysis (SFA) and phonological components analysis (PCA) on word retrieval processing in persons with aphasia (PWAs). After identifying the locus of the breakdown in lexical retrieval processing, 15 monolingual native Persian speakers with aphasia were divided into two groups. After three naming trials, participants with dominant semantic deficits received SFA, and participants with primary phonological deficits were provided with PCA three times a week for eight weeks. Both approaches improved participants' naming and performance on language tests, including spontaneous speech, repetition, comprehension, and semantic processing. However, the correct naming of treated and untreated items was higher in mild-to-moderate participants, with mostly circumlocution and semantic paraphasias in the SFA group. The same holds for mild-to-moderate participants with mostly phonemic paraphasia who received PCA therapy. Moreover, the results showed that participants' baseline naming performance and semantic abilities could be associated with the treatment outcomes. Although limited by a lack of a control group, this study provided evidence supporting the possible benefits of focusing on the locus of the breakdown for treating anomia through SFA and PCA approaches, specifically in participants with mild to moderate aphasia. However, for those with severe aphasia, the treatment choice may not be as straightforward because several variables are likely to contribute to this population's word-finding difficulties. Replication with larger, well-stratified samples, use of a within-subjects alternating treatment design and consideration of treatments' long-term effects are required to better ascertain the effects of focusing on the locus of breakdown for treatment of anomia.
Cigarette smoking continues to be a very difficult addiction to break. Therefore, improved approaches to smoking cessation are necessary. The electronic-cigarette (e-Cigarette), a battery-powered electronic nicotine delivery device (ENDD) resembling a cigarette, may help smokers to remain abstinent during their quit attempt or to reduce cigarette consumption. The efficacy of these devices in smoking cessation and/or smoking reduction studies has never been investigated.

In this prospective proof-of-concept study we monitored possible modifications in smoking habits of 40 smokers (unwilling to quit) experimenting the 'Categoria' e-Cigarette focusing on smoking reduction and smoking abstinence. Study participants were invited to attend four study visits: at baseline, week-4, week-8, and week-12. Product use, number of cigarettes smoked, and exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) levels were measured at each visit. Smoking reduction and abstinence rates were calculated. Adverse events and product preferences were also reviewed.
FIELD: medicine. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to haematology and endocrinology, and concerns normalisation of thrombocyte sensitivity to aggregation inducing factors in the patients with arterial hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance. That is ensured by the integrated treatment including graduated physical activity, including daily swimming in a pool for at least 20 minutes a day, and administration of lisinopril in dosage 10 mg once a day in the morning and metformin in dosage 500 mg once a day. The therapeutic course is at least 5 weeks. ^ EFFECT: complex of specific medical products and physical activity combined with empirically prescribed length of treatment provides complete normalisation of thrombocyte sensitivity to aggregation inducing factors that in turn reduces risk of thrombolytic complications in the given group of patients. ^ 1 ex, 3 dwg, 2 tbl
Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare, but highly curative form of cancer, primarily afflicting adolescents and young adults. Despite multiple seminal trials over the past twenty years, there is no single consensus-based treatment approach beyond use of multi-agency chemotherapy with curative intent. The use of radiation continues to be debated in early-stage disease, as part of combined modality treatment, as well as in salvage, as an important form of consolidation. While short-term disease outcomes have varied little across these different approaches across both early and advanced stage disease, the potential risk of severe, longer-term risk has varied considerably. Over the past decade novel therapeutics have been employed in the retrieval setting in preparation to and as consolidation after autologous stem cell transplant. More recently, these novel therapeutics have moved to the frontline setting, initially compared to standard-of-care treatment and later in a direct head-to-head comparison combined with multi-agent chemotherapy. In 2018, we established the HoLISTIC Consortium, bringing together disease and methods experts to develop clinical decision models based on individual patient data to guide providers, patients, and caregivers in decision-making. In this review, we detail the steps we followed to create the master database of individual patient data from patients treated over the past 20 years, using principles of data science. We then describe different methodological approaches we are taking to clinical decision making, beginning with clinical prediction tools at the time of diagnosis, to multi-state models, incorporating treatments and their response. Finally, we describe how simulation modeling can be used to estimate risks of late effects, based on cumulative exposure from frontline and salvage treatment. The resultant database and tools employed are dynamic with the expectation that they will be updated as better and more complete information becomes available.
PURPOSE: To elucidate the clinical impact of the novel oxytocin protocol using a syringe pump with a stratified dose compared with the conventional practice of putting oxytocin into the bag.
METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study. We collected the data of the patients who underwent elective cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia between June 2019 and May 2020. The patients were allocated to two groups according to oxytocin administration methods; the control group (the attending anesthesiologist put oxytocin 5-10 units in the infusion bag and adjusted manually after childbirth) and the protocol group (the oxytocin protocol gave oxytocin bolus 1 or 3 units depending on the PPH risk, followed by 5 or 10 unit h-1 via a syringe pump). We compared the total amount of oxytocin within 24 h postpartum, estimated blood loss, and adverse clinical events within 24 h postpartum between the two groups.
RESULTS: During the study period, 262 parturients were included. Oxytocin doses of intraoperative and postoperative were significantly lower in the protocol group (9.7 vs. 11.7 units, intraoperative, 15.9 vs. 18 units, postoperative). The subgroup analyses showed that the impact was more remarkable in the low PPH risk than in the high PPH risk. The multivariate linear regression analyses also confirmed the difference. The groups had no significant difference in blood loss, requirement of additional uterotonics, and other adverse events.
CONCLUSIONS: Our oxytocin infusion protocol significantly reduced oxytocin requirements in elective cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia without increasing blood loss. However, we could not find other clinical benefits of the novel protocol.
Yinyanghuo, a famous herb, includes the folium of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. and Epimedium sagittatum Maxim. It is believed that their processed products, the prepared slices of the folium of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. (PFEB) and Epimedium sagittatum Maxim. (PFES) have greater efficacy in tonifying kidney Yang to treat kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome (KDS). However, there are few studies comparing the pharmacological effects of PFEB and PFES, and the underlying mechanisms. This study compared their effects on improving hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, immune system and sexual characteristic, as well as repairing liver injury complications in the KDS model mice. Additionally, the mechanisms of the effects relevance to their main components were explored. It was found that PFEB was more effective than PFES in increasing cAMP/cGMP ratio, SOD activity, CRH and ACTH levels, eNOS and testosterone levels, splenic lymphocytes proliferation, while in decreasing MDA content, atrophy of spleen and thymus, splenic lymphocytes apoptosis, and PDE5 level. PFES showed stronger protection than PFEB in decreasing triglyceride and hepatic lipid. The contents of baohuoside I and epimedin A, B were much higher in PFEB, while Epimedin C, Icariin, 2-O″-rhamnosylicaridide II were higher in PFES. Consequently, PFEB exhibits superior efficacy over PFES in tonifying the kidney-Yang by improving the neuroendocrine-immune network, including HPA axis, immune systems, and corpus cavernosum. However, PFES has better recovery effect on mild hepatic lipid caused by KDS. The efficacy difference between PFEB and PFES in kidney-Yang and liver may be attributed to the content variations of baohuoside I.
* The SKYTROFA cartridge has been designed for use only with the SKYTROFA Auto-Injector.
  * If refrigerated, the SKYTROFA cartridge must be kept at room temperature for 15 minutes before use.
  * The SKYTROFA Auto-Injector provides a fully automated reconstitution of the lyophilized drug product which is followed by a manual mixing step controlled by the device. When the injection needle is inserted into the skin, the device automatically delivers the drug product. The built-in electronics and software assist the user during the entire preparation and injection sequence and provide confirmation that the full dose has been delivered.
  * The mixed solution should be clear and colorless to opalescent and may occasionally contain air bubbles. DO NOT inject if the solution is cloudy or contains particulate matter.
  * Use SKYTROFA cartridges within 4 hours after reconstitution. Discard reconstituted SKYTROFA cartridges after 4 hours when stored at room temperature up to 86°F (30°C).
  * Inject SKYTROFA subcutaneously into the abdomen, buttock, or thigh. Rotate injection sites between and within regions to reduce the risk of lipoatrophy.
  * Refer to the Instructions for Use for complete administration instructions with illustrations. The instructions can also be found on www.Skytrofa.com/IFU.
Antineoplaston therapy (Atengenal + Astugenal) by IV infusion every four hours for at least 24 months. Study subjects receive increasing dosages of Atengenal and Astugenal until the maximum tolerated dose is reached.Study subjects also receive a single daily radiation fraction of 180cGy, 5 days a week, for the 2 weeks of the QT/QTc study and for 6 weeks overall to a total radiation dose of 1600 cGy and 5400cGy, respectively.
A skin dressing comprises a first dressing component ( 16 ) carrying oxidoreductase enzyme in dried condition; and a second dressing component ( 18 ) carrying a source of water, such that when the first and second dressing components are placed in fluid communication with each other, water migrates from the second component towards the first comportent and acts to hydrate enzyme carried by the first component, at least at the surface of the first component. The dressing components are kept separate before use, e.g. being sealed in separate sterile, water-impervious packages such as laminated aluminum foil pouches. In use of the dressing, the second dressing component is located on the skin of a human or animal, e.g. over a wound to be treated or on a region of skin to be treated for cosmetic or therapeutic purposes such as for treatment of acne or other skin conditions. The first dressing component is placed on top of the second component in fluid communication therewith. In embodiments comprising only first and second dressing components, the first dressing component is placed in direct contact with the second dressing component. Water from the second component migrates towards the first comportent and acts to hydrate enzyme carried by the first component, at least at points of contact at the interface between the first and second components. Once hydrated, the oxidoreductase enzyme can immediately begin functioning in known manner with beneficial effects.
Subjects aged between, and including, 18 and 45 years at the time of first vaccination received 2 doses of Fendrix™ vaccine at Days 0 and 30. 2 subsets of subjects within the group - subjects identified with either a pre-defined Human Leukocytes Antigen (HLA) Class I subtype (Subset 1) or a pre-defined HLA Class II subtype (Subset 2) - additionally received 1 booster dose of Hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) at Day 360. The Fendrix™ vaccine and HBsAg antigens were administered intramuscularly into the deltoid muscle of the non-dominant arm.
PURPOSE:A local disorder inhibitor that contains, as active ingredients, sulfite hydrogen salt and sulfite salt, thus enabling the administration of a benzodiazepine which is used as a carcinostatic agent, but causes local disorders. CONSTITUTION:The objective inhibitor is obtained by using at least one selected from hydrogen sulfite salts and sulfite salts. As the hydrogen sulfite and sulfite salt, an alkali metal salt is preferred. Sodium hydrogen sulfite and sodium sulfite are particularly preferred. When the inhibitor is injected subcutaneously or peritoneally together with a compound causing local disorder such as inflammation, e.g., a benzodiazepine, the local disorder is inhibited. The titled drug is preferably used together with a drug causing local disorders and administrated parenterally.
The placenta is a selective maternal-fetal barrier that provides nourishment and protection from infections. However, certain pathogens can attach to and even cross the placenta, causing pregnancy complications with potential lifelong impacts on the child's health. Here, we profiled at the single-cell level the placental responses to three pathogens associated with intrauterine complications-Plasmodium falciparum, Listeria monocytogenes, and Toxoplasma gondii. We found that upon exposure to the pathogens, all placental lineages trigger inflammatory responses that may compromise placental function. Additionally, we characterized the responses of fetal macrophages known as Hofbauer cells (HBCs) to each pathogen and propose that they are the probable niche for T. gondii. Finally, we revealed how P. falciparum adapts to the placental microenvironment by modulating protein export into the host erythrocyte and nutrient uptake pathways. Altogether, we have defined the cellular networks and signaling pathways mediating acute placental inflammatory responses that could contribute to pregnancy complications.
PURPOSE: A method of percutaneous absorption of an active material, such as chemical or medical substances, is provided using an exothermic complex and an endothermic complex. Also, provided is an absorbing pad that stimulates a percutaneous absorption of the active materials using heat energies emitted from an exothermic complex or that provides sustained-release property for the active materials using the heat energy absorbed by an endothermic complex. CONSTITUTION: A method of percutaneous absorption of an active material is characterized by attaching an exothermic complex or an endothermic complex to an active material containing complex, wherein the exothermic complex is iron-based pyrogen, sodium sulfate-based pyrogen, a quick lime, etc.; the endothermic complex is an anhydride of a salt, Na2SO4, NaCH3COO, etc.; and the active material is a drug, an aromatic material and nacortics such as a nicotine. The absorption pad consists of the exothermic complex or the endothermic complex and the active material containing complex comprising the active material and a casing, wherein the exothermic or the endothermic complex comprises a piece of cloth (13), a porous polypropylene film (14), the pyrogen or endothermic material (2), a non-porous polypropylene film (15), an aluminum foil (16), an adhesive (17) and heat insulating paper (18) in sequence on it.
There is an urgent need to find safe, effective means of preventing mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV that can be used in developing countries. One of the greatest obstacles to prevention in these areas remains HIV transmission through breast milk. The primary purpose of this trial is to determine if nevirapine (NVP) plus immunoprophylaxis (by intravenous HIV immune globulin \[HIVIGLOB\]) or extended NVP dosing of the neonate during the perinatal period can safely and effectively reduce the risk of peripartum or early breastfeeding-related HIV MTCT.

This study will last 11-18 weeks for each mother and 18 months for each infant. HIV-infected pregnant women will be randomly assigned to one of three arms. Participants in Arm 1 will receive a single dose of 200 mg NVP orally at the onset of labor. Infants in Arm 1 will receive a single dose of 2 mg/kg NVP orally within the first week after delivery. Arm 2 participants will receive a single dose of 200 mg NVP orally at the onset of labor. Infants in Arm 2 will receive 2 mg/kg NVP orally within the first week after delivery and 5 mg NVP taken orally daily from Day 8 through Week 6. Arm 3 participants will receive a 12 gm intravenous dose of HIVIGLOB at 36-37 weeks gestation and 200 mg NVP orally at the onset of labor. Infants in Arm 3 will receive a single 1.2 gm intravenous dose HIVIGLOB within 18 hours of birth and 2 mg/kg NVP orally within the first week after delivery.

There will be five or six study visits for pregnant participants. A targeted medical history, physical examination, and blood collection will occur at all visits. After birth, there will be 11 study visits for infants in Arms 1 and 2 and 12 study visits for infants in Arm 3. Medical history and a targeted physical exam will occur at all visits. Blood collection will occur at some visits.